Ajitanatha - Revision history

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	\| mother = Vijayādevī		\| mother = Vijayādevī
	\| height = 450 ''[[Dhanusha (unit)\|dhanush]]'' (1,350 meters)		\| height = 450 ''[[Dhanusha (unit)\|dhanush]]'' (1,350 meters)
	\| age = 72 lakh purvas (508.032 x 10~~<~~sup~~>~~18~~<~~/sup~~>~~ years old)		\| age = 72 lakh purvas (508.032 x 10<sup>18</sup> years old)
	\| tree = ''Saptaparna'' ([[Alstonia scholaris]])		\| tree = ''Saptaparna'' ([[Alstonia scholaris]])
	\| predecessor = [[Rishabhanatha]]		\| predecessor = [[Rishabhanatha]]
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	\| birth_place = [[Ayodhya (Ramayana)\|Ayodhya]]		\| birth_place = [[Ayodhya (Ramayana)\|Ayodhya]]
	\| dynasty = [[Solar dynasty\|Ikṣvākuvaṁśa]]		\| dynasty = [[Solar dynasty\|Ikṣvākuvaṁśa]]
	\| siblings = [[Sagara (Hinduism)#Jainism\|Sagara]] ~~<~~br~~>~~ (step-brother/cousin)		\| siblings = [[Sagara (Hinduism)#Jainism\|Sagara]] <br> (step-brother/cousin)
	}}		}}
	{{Jainism}}		{{Jainism}}
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	==In Jain texts==		==In Jain texts==
	Ajitnatha (lit. invincible){{sfn\|Vijay K. Jain\|2015\|p=183}} was the second [[tirthankara]] of the present age, ''avasarpini'' (half [[Jain cosmology#Time cycle\|time cycle]] in [[Jain cosmology]]) according to [[Jainism]].{{sfn\|Tukol\|1980\|p=31}} Ajitnatha was born in the town of Saketa to King Jitashatru and Queen Vijaya at [[Ayodhya (Ramayana)\|Ayodhya]] (Vinita-Saketa)~~<~~ref name=":0"~~>~~{{Cite book \|last=Shah \|first=Umakant Premanand \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=m_y_P4duSXsC&q=jaina+rupa+mandana \|title=Jaina-rūpa-maṇḍana \|date=1987 \|publisher=Abhinav Publications \|isbn=978-81-7017-208-6 \|location=New Delhi \|pages=128 \|language=en \|trans-title=Jaina Iconography}}~~<~~/ref~~>~~ in the [[Ikshvaku dynasty]] on ''magha-shukla-dashmi'' (the tenth day of the bright half of the month of ''[[Magha (month)\|Magha]]'').{{sfn\|Tukol\|1980\|p=31}} His height was 450 [[Dhanusha (unit)\|bows]] or 2,700 feets.{{sfn\|Finegan\|1952\|p=190}}{{sfn\|Finegan\|1952\|p=191}} He lived for a span of 72 [[lakh]] ''[[purva]]''.{{sfn\|Vijay K. Jain\|2015\|p=183}}{{sfn\|Finegan\|1952\|p=190}}		Ajitnatha (lit. invincible){{sfn\|Vijay K. Jain\|2015\|p=183}} was the second [[tirthankara]] of the present age, ''avasarpini'' (half [[Jain cosmology#Time cycle\|time cycle]] in [[Jain cosmology]]) according to [[Jainism]].{{sfn\|Tukol\|1980\|p=31}} Ajitnatha was born in the town of Saketa to King Jitashatru and Queen Vijaya at [[Ayodhya (Ramayana)\|Ayodhya]] (Vinita-Saketa)<ref name=":0">{{Cite book \|last=Shah \|first=Umakant Premanand \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=m_y_P4duSXsC&q=jaina+rupa+mandana \|title=Jaina-rūpa-maṇḍana \|date=1987 \|publisher=Abhinav Publications \|isbn=978-81-7017-208-6 \|location=New Delhi \|pages=128 \|language=en \|trans-title=Jaina Iconography}}</ref> in the [[Ikshvaku dynasty]] on ''magha-shukla-dashmi'' (the tenth day of the bright half of the month of ''[[Magha (month)\|Magha]]'').{{sfn\|Tukol\|1980\|p=31}} His height was 450 [[Dhanusha (unit)\|bows]] or 2,700 feets.{{sfn\|Finegan\|1952\|p=190}}{{sfn\|Finegan\|1952\|p=191}} He lived for a span of 72 [[lakh]] ''[[purva]]''.{{sfn\|Vijay K. Jain\|2015\|p=183}}{{sfn\|Finegan\|1952\|p=190}}

	According to [[Hemachandra]], he was named Ajita because the king father was unable to defeat his mother in gambling until he was in her womb. ''Uttarapurana'', a Digambara text, explains that he was named Ajita because he could not be defeated by sins or all heretics.~~<~~ref name=":0" /~~>~~ He attained ''kevala jnana'' under the ''saptaparna'' tree ([[Alstonia scholaris]])~~<~~ref name=":0" /~~>~~ and ''[[Moksha (Jainism)\|Moksha]]'' on ''chaitra-shukla-panchmi'' (fifth day of the bright half of the month of ''[[Chaitra]]'') from [[Shikharji]].{{sfn\|Krishna\|Amirthalingam\|2014\|p=46}}{{sfn\|Vijay K. Jain\|2015\|p=183}}~~<~~ref name=":0" /~~>~~ He had 90 ''[[Ganadhara]]s'' and Simhasena was his chief among them. Falgu (according to [[Śvetāmbara\|Swetambara]] tradition) or Prakubja (according to [[Digambara]] tradition) was a chief of his order of the nuns.{{sfn\|Vijay K. Jain\|2015\|p=183}}~~<~~ref name=":0" /~~>~~		According to [[Hemachandra]], he was named Ajita because the king father was unable to defeat his mother in gambling until he was in her womb. ''Uttarapurana'', a Digambara text, explains that he was named Ajita because he could not be defeated by sins or all heretics.<ref name=":0" /> He attained ''kevala jnana'' under the ''saptaparna'' tree ([[Alstonia scholaris]])<ref name=":0" /> and ''[[Moksha (Jainism)\|Moksha]]'' on ''chaitra-shukla-panchmi'' (fifth day of the bright half of the month of ''[[Chaitra]]'') from [[Shikharji]].{{sfn\|Krishna\|Amirthalingam\|2014\|p=46}}{{sfn\|Vijay K. Jain\|2015\|p=183}}<ref name=":0" /> He had 90 ''[[Ganadhara]]s'' and Simhasena was his chief among them. Falgu (according to [[Śvetāmbara\|Swetambara]] tradition) or Prakubja (according to [[Digambara]] tradition) was a chief of his order of the nuns.{{sfn\|Vijay K. Jain\|2015\|p=183}}<ref name=":0" />

	The ''[[Yajurveda]]'' mentions the name of Ajitanatha, but the meaning is not clear. According to Jain traditions, his younger cousin brother was [[King Sagara\|Sagara]]. Sagara, who became the second [[Chakravartin]], is known from the traditions of both [[Hinduism\|Hindu]] and Jain scriptures.~~<~~ref~~>~~{{citation \|last=Jain \|first=Kailash Chandra \|title=Antiquity of Jainism \|url=http://www.fas.harvard.edu/~pluralsm/affiliates/jainism/article/antiquity.htm \|publisher=[[Jainism Literature Center]] \|author-link=Kailash Chandra Jain}}~~<~~/ref~~><~~ref name=":0" /~~>~~		The ''[[Yajurveda]]'' mentions the name of Ajitanatha, but the meaning is not clear. According to Jain traditions, his younger cousin brother was [[King Sagara\|Sagara]]. Sagara, who became the second [[Chakravartin]], is known from the traditions of both [[Hinduism\|Hindu]] and Jain scriptures.<ref>{{citation \|last=Jain \|first=Kailash Chandra \|title=Antiquity of Jainism \|url=http://www.fas.harvard.edu/~pluralsm/affiliates/jainism/article/antiquity.htm \|publisher=[[Jainism Literature Center]] \|author-link=Kailash Chandra Jain}}</ref><ref name=":0" />

	Ajitanatha is said to have been born 50 ''lakh crore sagara'' after his predecessor, [[Rishabhanatha]].{{sfn\|Finegan\|1952\|p=190}} His successor, [[Sambhavanatha]], is said to have been born 30 ''lakh crore sagara'' after him.{{sfn\|Finegan\|1952\|p=190}}		Ajitanatha is said to have been born 50 ''lakh crore sagara'' after his predecessor, [[Rishabhanatha]].{{sfn\|Finegan\|1952\|p=190}} His successor, [[Sambhavanatha]], is said to have been born 30 ''lakh crore sagara'' after him.{{sfn\|Finegan\|1952\|p=190}}

	== Iconography ==		== Iconography ==
	[[Śvetāmbara\|Swetambara]] as well as [[Digambara]] sects consider his complexion golden and elephant as his symbol.~~<~~ref name=":0" /~~>~~ He is associated with ''saptaparna'' tree; Mahayaksha as attendant [[Yaksha]]; and Ajita (as per Swetambra) or Rohini (as per Digambara) as attendant [[Yakshi]]s.{{sfn\|Tandon\|2002\|p=44}}~~<~~ref name=":0" /~~>~~ The elephant, symbol of Ajitanatha, is a [[vahana]] (mount) of the Mahayakshya and Ajita Yakshi seems named after Ajitanatha.~~<~~ref name=":0" /~~>~~		[[Śvetāmbara\|Swetambara]] as well as [[Digambara]] sects consider his complexion golden and elephant as his symbol.<ref name=":0" /> He is associated with ''saptaparna'' tree; Mahayaksha as attendant [[Yaksha]]; and Ajita (as per Swetambra) or Rohini (as per Digambara) as attendant [[Yakshi]]s.{{sfn\|Tandon\|2002\|p=44}}<ref name=":0" /> The elephant, symbol of Ajitanatha, is a [[vahana]] (mount) of the Mahayakshya and Ajita Yakshi seems named after Ajitanatha.<ref name=":0" />

	==In literature, art and architecture==		==In literature, art and architecture==
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	* [[Chaturmukha Basadi, Gerusoppa]]		* [[Chaturmukha Basadi, Gerusoppa]]
	* [[Dehra Temple]]		* [[Dehra Temple]]
	~~<~~gallery~~>~~		<gallery>
	File:Kutch Bhadreshwar Jain Temple.jpg\|[[Vasai Jain Temple]]		File:Kutch Bhadreshwar Jain Temple.jpg\|[[Vasai Jain Temple]]
	File:Tarangaji Jain temple.jpg\|[[Taranga Jain temple\|Taranga]], [[Gujarat]] (1121 AD) constructed by [[Kumarapala (Chaulukya dynasty)\|King Kumarapala]]		File:Tarangaji Jain temple.jpg\|[[Taranga Jain temple\|Taranga]], [[Gujarat]] (1121 AD) constructed by [[Kumarapala (Chaulukya dynasty)\|King Kumarapala]]
	File:Rangmandap, Taranga Jain Temple.jpg\|[[Mandapa\|Rang mandapa]] of the [[Śvetāmbara\|Svetambara]] Jain Temple at Taranga which was originally constructed by [[Kumarapala (Chaulukya dynasty)\|Kumarpala]] in 1161		File:Rangmandap, Taranga Jain Temple.jpg\|[[Mandapa\|Rang mandapa]] of the [[Śvetāmbara\|Svetambara]] Jain Temple at Taranga which was originally constructed by [[Kumarapala (Chaulukya dynasty)\|Kumarpala]] in 1161
	File:Chaturmukha basadi, Gerusoppa (cropped).jpg\|[[Chaturmukha Basadi, Gerusoppa]]		File:Chaturmukha basadi, Gerusoppa (cropped).jpg\|[[Chaturmukha Basadi, Gerusoppa]]
	~~<~~/gallery~~>~~		</gallery>

	==See also==		==See also==

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{{short description|Second Tirthankara in Jainism}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2015}}
{{Infobox deity
| type = Jain
| deity_of = 2nd Jain [[Tirthankara]]
| image = अजितनाथ.jpg
| caption = Lord Ajitanatha (Mathura Chaurasi)
| alt = Ajitanatha
| venerated_in = [[Jainism]]
| symbol = [[Elephant]]
| color = [[Gold (color)|Golden]]
| father = Jitashatru
| mother = Vijayadevi
| height = 450 bows (1,350 meters)
| age = 72 lakh purva (508.032 x 10<sup>18</sup> years old)
| tree =
| predecessor = [[Rishabhanatha]]
| successor = [[Sambhavanatha]]
| birth_place = [[Ayodhya]]
| moksha_place = [[Shikharji]]
}}
{{Jainism}}
'''Ajitanath''' (lit. invincible) was the second ''[[tirthankara]]'' of the present age, ''avasarpini'' (half [[Jain cosmology#Time cycle|time cycle]]) according to [[Jainism]]. He was born to King Jitashatru and Queen Vijaya at [[Ayodhya]] in the [[Ikshvaku dynasty]]. He was a liberated soul which has destroyed all of its ''[[Karma in Jainism|karma]]''.

==Life==
Ajitnatha (lit. invincible){{sfn|Vijay K. Jain|2015|p=183}} was the second [[tirthankara]] of the present age, ''avasarpini'' (half [[Jain cosmology#Time cycle|time cycle]]) according to [[Jainism]].{{sfn|Tukol|1980|p=31}}

Ajitnatha was born in the town of Saketa to King Jitashatru and Queen Vijaya at [[Ayodhya]] in the [[Ikshvaku dynasty]] on ''magha-shukla-dashmi'' (the tenth day of the bright half of the month of ''[[Magha (month)|Magha]]'').{{sfn|Tukol|1980|p=31}} His height was 450 ''[[dhanusha (measurement)|dhanusha]]'' (1350 meters). He was born 508.032 x 10<sup>18</sup> years ago and lived for a span of 72 [[lakh]] ''purva''.{{sfn|Vijay K. Jain|2015|p=183}}

He attained ''kevala jnana'' under the sal tree and ''[[Moksha (Jainism)|Moksha]]'' on ''chaitra-shukla-panchmi'' (fifth day of the bright half of the month of ''[[Chaitra]]'') from [[Shikharji]].{{sfn|Krishna|Amirthalingam|2014|p=46}}{{sfn|Vijay K. Jain|2015|p=183}}

Simhasena was his chief ''[[Ganadhara]]''.{{sfn|Vijay K. Jain|2015|p=183}}

==Literature==
The [[Yajurveda]] mentions the name of Ajitanatha, but the meaning is not clear. According to Jain traditions, his younger brother was [[King Sagara|Sagara]]. Sagara, who became the second [[Chakravartin]], is known from the traditions of both [[Hinduism|Hindu]] and Jain scriptures.<ref>{{citation |last=Jain |first=Kailash Chandra |author-link=Kailash Chandra Jain |title=Antiquity of Jainism |url=http://www.fas.harvard.edu/~pluralsm/affiliates/jainism/article/antiquity.htm |publisher=[[Jainism Literature Center]] }}</ref>

==Adoration==
Ajinatha is associated with his Elephant emblem, Saptha-parna tree, Mahayaksha [[Yaksha]] and Yogini & Ajithabala [[Yakshi]]s.{{sfn|Tandon|2002|p=44}}

===Literature===
* The [[Ajitha purana]], by [[Ranna (Kannada poet)|Ranna]] narrates the story of Ajitanatha.
* ''Ajitasanti'' compiled by Nandisena in 7th century is a praise to Ajitnatha and [[Shantinatha]].{{Sfn|Cort|2001|p=236}}

===Famous temples===
* [[Taranga Jain temple|Taranga Jain Temple]], [[Vasai Jain Temple]] in [[Bhadresar]], [[Bandhaji]]{{cn|date=May 2020}}

<gallery>
File:Kutch_Bhadreshwar_Jain_Temple.jpg|[[Vasai Jain Temple]]
File:Tarangaji Jain temple.jpg|[[Taranga Jain temple|Tarangaji]], [[Gujarat]] (1121 AD) constructed by [[Kumarapala (Chaulukya dynasty)|King Kumarapala]]
File:WLA haa Tirthankara possibly Ajitanatha Southern Rajasthan ca 12th C.jpg|Tirthankara (possibly Ajitanatha), India, Southern Rajasthan, c. 12th century, marble
File:Ajitnath Tirthankar.jpg|Ajitnath Tirthankar at the Chennai Museum
</gallery>

==See also==
{{commons}}
* [[Arihant (Jainism)]]
* [[Ikshvaku dynasty]]
* [[Ajitha purana]]

==References==
===Citations===
{{reflist|30em}}

===Sources===
* {{citation|last=Jain |first=Vijay K. |author-link=Vijay K. Jain |title=Acarya Samantabhadra's Svayambhustotra: Adoration of The Twenty-four Tirthankara |date=2015 |publisher=[[Vikalp Printers]] |isbn=978-81-903639-7-6 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xI8HBgAAQBAJ |quote={{PD-notice}} |ref={{sfnref|Vijay K. Jain|2015}} |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150916101903/https://books.google.com/books?id=xI8HBgAAQBAJ |archive-date=16 September 2015 }}
* {{citation |last=Krishna |first=Nanditha |author-link=Nanditha Krishna |last2=Amirthalingam |first2=M. |author-link2=M. Amirthalingam |title=Sacred Plants of India |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=M_xsAwAAQBAJ |publisher=[[Penguin Books]] |date=2014 |orig-year=2013 |isbn=978-9-351-18691-5 }}
* {{citation |last=Tandon |first=Om Prakash |author-link=Om Prakash Tandon |title=Jaina Shrines in India |publisher=[[Publications Division]], [[Ministry of Information and Broadcasting (India)|Ministry of Information and Broadcasting]], [[Government of India]] |isbn=81-230-1013-3 |date=2002 |orig-year=1968 |edition=1 |location=[[New Delhi]] }}
*{{citation |last=Tukol |first=T. K. |author-link=T. K. Tukol |title=Compendium of Jainism |publisher=[[University of Karnataka]] |date=1980 |location=[[Dharwad]] }}

===Further reading===
* {{citation |last=Johnson |first=Helen M. |author-link=Helen M. Johnson |title=Ajitanathacaritra (Book 2 of the Trishashti Shalaka Purusha Caritra) |url=https://www.wisdomlib.org/jainism/book/trishashti-shalaka-purusha-caritra/d/doc212572.html |publisher=[[Maharaja_Sayajirao_University_of_Baroda#Oriental_Institute|Baroda Oriental Institute]] |date=1931 }}
* {{Citation|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PZk-4HOMzsoC|title=Jains in the World: Religious Values and Ideology in India|first=John E.|last=Cort|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |date=2001|isbn=9780198030379 }}

{{Jain Gods}}
{{Jainism topics}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ajitnath}}
[[Category:Tirthankaras]]
[[Category:Ikshvaku dynasty]]
[[Category:People from Faizabad]]
[[Category:Ancient Indian people]]