Kamal Guha: Maharashtra Buddhist site template added

2023-11-23T10:00:38Z

Maharashtra Buddhist site template added

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:30, 23 November 2023
Line 901:		Line 901:

	{{World Heritage Sites in India}}		{{World Heritage Sites in India}}
			{{Buddhist sites in Maharashtra}}
	{{Aurangabad district, Maharashtra topics\|state=collapsed}}		{{Aurangabad district, Maharashtra topics\|state=collapsed}}
	{{Indian Buddhist Caves}}		{{Indian Buddhist Caves}}

Kamal Guha: Categry added

2023-11-23T04:37:01Z

Categry added

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:07, 23 November 2023
Line 924:		Line 924:
	[[Category:World Heritage Sites in India]]		[[Category:World Heritage Sites in India]]
	[[Category:Vakataka dynasty]]		[[Category:Vakataka dynasty]]
			[[Category:Buddhist sites in Maharashtra]]

CleanupBot: /* Foreigners in the paintings of Ajanta */clean up

2023-10-07T18:46:19Z

Foreigners in the paintings of Ajanta: clean up

← Older revision		Revision as of 00:16, 8 October 2023
Line 771:		Line 771:

	;International trade, growth of Buddhism		;International trade, growth of Buddhism
	[[File:Ajanta foreigner 1.jpg\|thumb\|A foreigner in [[Sasanian Empire\|Sasanian]] dress drinking wine, on the ceiling of the central hall of Cave 1, likely a generic scene from an object imported from Central Asia (460–480 CE)<ref name="Brancaccio 81"/><ref name="DK">{{cite book\|title=DK Eyewitness Travel Guide India\|date=2017\|publisher=Dorling Kindersley Limited\|isbn=9780241326244\|page=126 \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TTcnDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT126}}</ref> The men depicted in these paintings may also have been [[Bactria~~\|Bactrians~~]], at that time under [[Hephthalite]] rule.<ref name="MC40">{{cite journal \|last1=Compareti \|first1=Matteo \|title=Some Examples of Central Asian Decorative Elements in Ajanta and Bagh Indian Paintings \|journal=The Silk Road \|date=2014 \|volume=12 \|page=41 \|url=https://www.academia.edu/10060191}}</ref>]]		[[File:Ajanta foreigner 1.jpg\|thumb\|A foreigner in [[Sasanian Empire\|Sasanian]] dress drinking wine, on the ceiling of the central hall of Cave 1, likely a generic scene from an object imported from Central Asia (460–480 CE)<ref name="Brancaccio 81"/><ref name="DK">{{cite book\|title=DK Eyewitness Travel Guide India\|date=2017\|publisher=Dorling Kindersley Limited\|isbn=9780241326244\|page=126 \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TTcnDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT126}}</ref> The men depicted in these paintings may also have been [[Bactria]]ns, at that time under [[Hephthalite]] rule.<ref name="MC40">{{cite journal \|last1=Compareti \|first1=Matteo \|title=Some Examples of Central Asian Decorative Elements in Ajanta and Bagh Indian Paintings \|journal=The Silk Road \|date=2014 \|volume=12 \|page=41 \|url=https://www.academia.edu/10060191}}</ref>]]

	Cave 1 has several frescos with characters with foreigners' faces or dresses. Similar depictions are found in the paintings of Cave 17. Such murals, states Pia Brancaccio, suggest a prosperous and multicultural society in 5th-century India active in international trade.<ref name="Brancaccio 81">{{cite book \|last1=Brancaccio\|first1=Pia\|title=The Buddhist Caves at Aurangabad: Transformations in Art and Religion \|year=2010 \|publisher=BRILL\|isbn=978-9004185258\|pages=80–82, 305–307 with footnotes \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=m_4pXm7dD78C&pg=PA81}}</ref> These also suggest that this trade was economically important enough to the Deccan region that the artists chose to include it with precision.<ref name="Brancaccio 81"/>		Cave 1 has several frescos with characters with foreigners' faces or dresses. Similar depictions are found in the paintings of Cave 17. Such murals, states Pia Brancaccio, suggest a prosperous and multicultural society in 5th-century India active in international trade.<ref name="Brancaccio 81">{{cite book \|last1=Brancaccio\|first1=Pia\|title=The Buddhist Caves at Aurangabad: Transformations in Art and Religion \|year=2010 \|publisher=BRILL\|isbn=978-9004185258\|pages=80–82, 305–307 with footnotes \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=m_4pXm7dD78C&pg=PA81}}</ref> These also suggest that this trade was economically important enough to the Deccan region that the artists chose to include it with precision.<ref name="Brancaccio 81"/>
Line 780:		Line 780:
	While scholars generally agree that these murals confirm trade and cultural connections between India and Sassanian west, their specific significance and interpretation varies.<ref name="Brancaccio 81"/>{{sfn\|Spink\|2007\|p=27}} Brancaccio, for example, suggests that the ship and jars in them probably reflect foreign ships carrying wine imported to India. In contrast, Schlinghoff interprets the jars to be holding water, and ships shown as Indian ships used in international trade.<ref name="Brancaccio 81"/>		While scholars generally agree that these murals confirm trade and cultural connections between India and Sassanian west, their specific significance and interpretation varies.<ref name="Brancaccio 81"/>{{sfn\|Spink\|2007\|p=27}} Brancaccio, for example, suggests that the ship and jars in them probably reflect foreign ships carrying wine imported to India. In contrast, Schlinghoff interprets the jars to be holding water, and ships shown as Indian ships used in international trade.<ref name="Brancaccio 81"/>

	Similar depictions are found in the paintings of Cave 17, but this time in direct relation to the worship of the [[Buddha]]. In Cave 17, a painting of the Buddha descending from the Trayastrimsa Heaven shows he being attended by many foreigners. Many foreigners in this painting are thus shown as listeners to the Buddhist [[Dharma]].<ref name="Brancaccio 81 and Note 27"/> The ethnic diversity is depicted in the painting in the clothes ([[kaftans]], Sasanian helmets, round caps), hairdos and skin colors. In the Visvantara Jataka of Cave 17, according to Brancaccio, the scene probably shows a servant from Central Asia holding a foreign metal ewer, while a dark-complexioned servant holds a cup to an amorous couple. In another painting in Cave 17, relating to the conversion of [[Nanda (Buddhism)\|Nanda]], a man possibly from northeast Africa appears as a servant.<ref name="Brancaccio 81"/> These representations show, states Brancaccio, that the artists were familiar with people of [[Sogdia]], [[Central Asia]], [[Persia]] and possibly [[East Africa]].<ref name="Brancaccio 81"/>{{refn\|group=note\|The expansion of Buddhism into Gandhara and Central Asia began during the 1st millennium BCE. Some early Buddhist worship halls in western India included [[Yavanas]] (Greeks) as donors.<ref name="Brancaccio 81"/> Inscriptions recording such donations are found at [[Karla Caves]], [[Pandavleni Caves]] or [[Manmodi Caves]].<ref>{{cite book\|last1=~~Bhandarkar~~\|first1=~~D. R.~~\|title=~~Some Aspects of Ancient Indian Culture~~\|date=~~1989~~\|publisher=~~Asian Educational Services~~\|isbn=~~9788120604575~~\|page=60 \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=~~gUAvuYu-otEC~~&pg=~~PA60~~}}</ref><ref ~~name="Brancaccio 81 and Note 27"~~>{{cite book\|last1=~~Brancaccio~~\|first1=~~Pia~~\|title=~~The Buddhist Caves at Aurangabad: Transformations in Art and Religion~~\|date=~~2010~~ \|publisher=~~BRILL~~\|isbn=~~978-9004185258~~\|page=~~81 and Note 27~~\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=~~m_4pXm7dD78C~~&pg=~~PA81~~}}</ref> }} Another hypothesis is offered by Upadhya, who states that the artists who built Ajanta caves "very probably included foreigners".{{sfn\|Upadhya\|1994\|p=135}}		Similar depictions are found in the paintings of Cave 17, but this time in direct relation to the worship of the [[Buddha]]. In Cave 17, a painting of the Buddha descending from the Trayastrimsa Heaven shows he being attended by many foreigners. Many foreigners in this painting are thus shown as listeners to the Buddhist [[Dharma]].<ref name="Brancaccio 81 and Note 27"/> The ethnic diversity is depicted in the painting in the clothes ([[kaftans]], Sasanian helmets, round caps), hairdos and skin colors. In the Visvantara Jataka of Cave 17, according to Brancaccio, the scene probably shows a servant from Central Asia holding a foreign metal ewer, while a dark-complexioned servant holds a cup to an amorous couple. In another painting in Cave 17, relating to the conversion of [[Nanda (Buddhism)\|Nanda]], a man possibly from northeast Africa appears as a servant.<ref name="Brancaccio 81"/> These representations show, states Brancaccio, that the artists were familiar with people of [[Sogdia]], [[Central Asia]], [[Persia]] and possibly [[East Africa]].<ref name="Brancaccio 81"/>{{refn\|group=note\|The expansion of Buddhism into Gandhara and Central Asia began during the 1st millennium BCE. Some early Buddhist worship halls in western India included [[Yavanas]] (Greeks) as donors.<ref name="Brancaccio 81"/> Inscriptions recording such donations are found at [[Karla Caves]], [[Pandavleni Caves]] or [[Manmodi Caves]].<ref name="Brancaccio 81 and Note 27">{{cite book\|last1=Brancaccio\|first1=Pia\|title=The Buddhist Caves at Aurangabad: Transformations in Art and Religion\|date=2010 \|publisher=BRILL\|isbn=978-9004185258\|page=81 and Note 27\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=m_4pXm7dD78C&pg=PA81}}</ref><ref>{{cite book\|last1=Bhandarkar\|first1=D. R.\|title=Some Aspects of Ancient Indian Culture\|date=1989\|publisher=Asian Educational Services\|isbn=9788120604575\|page=60 \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gUAvuYu-otEC&pg=PA60}}</ref> }} Another hypothesis is offered by Upadhya, who states that the artists who built Ajanta caves "very probably included foreigners".{{sfn\|Upadhya\|1994\|p=135}}

	{{Clear}}		{{Clear}}

CleanupBot II: Removed empty portal template using script

2023-08-13T17:40:39Z

Removed empty portal template using script

← Older revision		Revision as of 23:10, 13 August 2023
Line 803:		Line 803:

	== See also ==		== See also ==
	~~{{Portal\|India}}~~
	* [[Cetiya]]		* [[Cetiya]]
	* [[Bedse Caves]]		* [[Bedse Caves]]

Kamal Guha: /* External links */

2023-07-22T11:32:56Z

External links

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:02, 22 July 2023
Line 907:		Line 907:
	[[Category:2nd-century BC establishments]]		[[Category:2nd-century BC establishments]]
	[[Category:1819 archaeological discoveries]]		[[Category:1819 archaeological discoveries]]
			[[Category:Archaeological sites in Maharashtra]]
	[[Category:Architecture in India]]		[[Category:Architecture in India]]
	[[Category:Indian art]]		[[Category:Indian art]]

WikiDwarfBOT: Cleanup: Source modification. Information added.

2023-07-21T19:32:18Z

Cleanup: Source modification. Information added.

Show changes

Bot: robot: Creating/updating articles

2023-03-14T16:33:59Z

robot: Creating/updating articles

Show changes

95.24.5.163 at 11:50, 15 September 2022

2022-09-15T11:50:31Z

← Older revision	Revision as of 17:20, 15 September 2022
(No difference)

95.24.5.163 at 11:50, 15 May 2022

2022-05-15T11:50:31Z

Show changes

UpdateBot: robot: Update article

2022-05-10T11:12:30Z

robot: Update article

Show changes

Ajanta Caves - Revision history

Kamal Guha: Maharashtra Buddhist site template added

Kamal Guha: Categry added

CleanupBot: /* Foreigners in the paintings of Ajanta */clean up

CleanupBot II: Removed empty portal template using script

Kamal Guha: /* External links */

WikiDwarfBOT: Cleanup: Source modification. Information added.

Bot: robot: Creating/updating articles

95.24.5.163 at 11:50, 15 September 2022

95.24.5.163 at 11:50, 15 May 2022

UpdateBot: robot: Update article