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148.59.58.169 at 17:01, 2 September 2021

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← Older revision		Revision as of 22:31, 2 September 2021
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	* Lack of active monitoring and reaction by authorities.		* Lack of active monitoring and reaction by authorities.
	* Overpopulation.
	* Lack of political priority.		* Lack of political priority.
	* [[Motor vehicle emissions]] are one of the causes of poor air quality.<ref>{{Cite journal\|last=Stewart\|first=Gareth J.\|last2=Nelson\|first2=Beth S.\|last3=Drysdale\|first3=Will S.\|last4=Acton\|first4=W. Joe F.\|last5=Vaughan\|first5=Adam R.\|last6=Hopkins\|first6=James R.\|last7=Dunmore\|first7=Rachel E.\|last8=Hewitt\|first8=C. Nicholas\|last9=Nemitz\|first9=Eiko\|last10=Mullinger\|first10=Neil\|last11=Langford\|first11=Ben\|date=2020-08-13\|title=Sources of non-methane hydrocarbons in surface air in Delhi, India\|url=https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/2021/fd/d0fd00087f\|journal=Faraday Discussions\|language=en\|doi=10.1039/D0FD00087F\|issn=1364-5498\|doi-access=free}}</ref> Other causes include wood-burning fires,<ref>{{Cite journal\|last=Stewart\|first=Gareth J.\|last2=Acton\|first2=W. Joe F.\|last3=Nelson\|first3=Beth S.\|last4=Vaughan\|first4=Adam R.\|last5=Hopkins\|first5=James R.\|last6=Arya\|first6=Rahul\|last7=Mondal\|first7=Arnab\|last8=Jangirh\|first8=Ritu\|last9=Ahlawat\|first9=Sakshi\|last10=Yadav\|first10=Lokesh\|last11=Sharma\|first11=Sudhir K.\|date=2021-02-18\|title=Emissions of non-methane volatile organic compounds from combustion of domestic fuels in Delhi, India\|url=https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/21/2383/2021/\|journal=Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics\|language=English\|volume=21\|issue=4\|pages=2383–2406\|doi=10.5194/acp-21-2383-2021\|issn=1680-7316\|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal\|last=Stewart\|first=Gareth J.\|last2=Nelson\|first2=Beth S.\|last3=Acton\|first3=W. Joe F.\|last4=Vaughan\|first4=Adam R.\|last5=Farren\|first5=Naomi J.\|last6=Hopkins\|first6=James R.\|last7=Ward\|first7=Martyn W.\|last8=Swift\|first8=Stefan J.\|last9=Arya\|first9=Rahul\|last10=Mondal\|first10=Arnab\|last11=Jangirh\|first11=Ritu\|date=2021-02-18\|title=Emissions of intermediate-volatility and semi-volatile organic compounds from domestic fuels used in Delhi, India\|url=https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/21/2407/2021/\|journal=Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics\|language=English\|volume=21\|issue=4\|pages=2407–2426\|doi=10.5194/acp-21-2407-2021\|issn=1680-7316\|doi-access=free}}</ref> cow dung cake combustion,<ref>{{Cite journal\|last=Stewart\|first=Gareth J.\|last2=Nelson\|first2=Beth S.\|last3=Acton\|first3=W. Joe F.\|last4=Vaughan\|first4=Adam R.\|last5=Hopkins\|first5=James R.\|last6=Yunus\|first6=Siti S. M.\|last7=Hewitt\|first7=C. Nicholas\|last8=Nemitz\|first8=Eiko\|last9=Mandal\|first9=Tuhin K.\|last10=Gadi\|first10=Ranu\|last11=Sahu\|first11=Lokesh K.\|date=2021-02-25\|title=Comprehensive organic emission profiles, secondary organic aerosol production potential, and OH reactivity of domestic fuel combustion in Delhi, India\|url=https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/2021/ea/d0ea00009d\|journal=Environmental Science: Atmospheres\|language=en\|volume=1\|issue=2\|pages=104–117\|doi=10.1039/D0EA00009D\|issn=2634-3606\|doi-access=free}}</ref> fires on agricultural land, exhaust from diesel generators, dust from construction sites, burning garbage<ref>{{cite web \| url=https://www.latimes.com/world/asia/la-fg-india-pollution-new-delhi-cars-20160104-story.html \| title=To fight the world's worst air pollution, New Delhi forces cars off the roads \| work=[[Los Angeles Times]] \| access-date=7 December 2017 \| author=Bengali, Shashank \| date=4 January 2016 \| pages=4 January 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web \| url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/a-history-of-delhi-s-air-pollution-can-road-rationing-even-the-odds/story-XNnrXjRY2I4bwzgSuYlJZK.html \| title=A history of Delhi's air pollution: Can road rationing even the odds? \| work=Hindustan Times \| date=4 January 2016 \| access-date=7 December 2017 \| author=HT Correspondent}}</ref> and illegal industrial activities in Delhi. Although pollution is at its worst from November to February, Delhi's air misses clean-air standards by a wide margin for much of the year. It is a noxious mix of emissions from its 9 million vehicles, construction dust and burning of waste. On the worst days, the air quality index, a benchmark ranging from zero (good) to 500 (hazardous), exceeds 400.<ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://www.voanews.com/south-central-asia/doctors-warn-pollutions-impact-health-new-delhi\|title=Doctors Warn of Pollution's Impact on Health in New Delhi\|website=Voice of America\|language=en\|access-date=7 November 2019}}</ref>		* [[Motor vehicle emissions]] are one of the causes of poor air quality.<ref>{{Cite journal\|last=Stewart\|first=Gareth J.\|last2=Nelson\|first2=Beth S.\|last3=Drysdale\|first3=Will S.\|last4=Acton\|first4=W. Joe F.\|last5=Vaughan\|first5=Adam R.\|last6=Hopkins\|first6=James R.\|last7=Dunmore\|first7=Rachel E.\|last8=Hewitt\|first8=C. Nicholas\|last9=Nemitz\|first9=Eiko\|last10=Mullinger\|first10=Neil\|last11=Langford\|first11=Ben\|date=2020-08-13\|title=Sources of non-methane hydrocarbons in surface air in Delhi, India\|url=https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/2021/fd/d0fd00087f\|journal=Faraday Discussions\|language=en\|doi=10.1039/D0FD00087F\|issn=1364-5498\|doi-access=free}}</ref> Other causes include wood-burning fires,<ref>{{Cite journal\|last=Stewart\|first=Gareth J.\|last2=Acton\|first2=W. Joe F.\|last3=Nelson\|first3=Beth S.\|last4=Vaughan\|first4=Adam R.\|last5=Hopkins\|first5=James R.\|last6=Arya\|first6=Rahul\|last7=Mondal\|first7=Arnab\|last8=Jangirh\|first8=Ritu\|last9=Ahlawat\|first9=Sakshi\|last10=Yadav\|first10=Lokesh\|last11=Sharma\|first11=Sudhir K.\|date=2021-02-18\|title=Emissions of non-methane volatile organic compounds from combustion of domestic fuels in Delhi, India\|url=https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/21/2383/2021/\|journal=Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics\|language=English\|volume=21\|issue=4\|pages=2383–2406\|doi=10.5194/acp-21-2383-2021\|issn=1680-7316\|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal\|last=Stewart\|first=Gareth J.\|last2=Nelson\|first2=Beth S.\|last3=Acton\|first3=W. Joe F.\|last4=Vaughan\|first4=Adam R.\|last5=Farren\|first5=Naomi J.\|last6=Hopkins\|first6=James R.\|last7=Ward\|first7=Martyn W.\|last8=Swift\|first8=Stefan J.\|last9=Arya\|first9=Rahul\|last10=Mondal\|first10=Arnab\|last11=Jangirh\|first11=Ritu\|date=2021-02-18\|title=Emissions of intermediate-volatility and semi-volatile organic compounds from domestic fuels used in Delhi, India\|url=https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/21/2407/2021/\|journal=Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics\|language=English\|volume=21\|issue=4\|pages=2407–2426\|doi=10.5194/acp-21-2407-2021\|issn=1680-7316\|doi-access=free}}</ref> cow dung cake combustion,<ref>{{Cite journal\|last=Stewart\|first=Gareth J.\|last2=Nelson\|first2=Beth S.\|last3=Acton\|first3=W. Joe F.\|last4=Vaughan\|first4=Adam R.\|last5=Hopkins\|first5=James R.\|last6=Yunus\|first6=Siti S. M.\|last7=Hewitt\|first7=C. Nicholas\|last8=Nemitz\|first8=Eiko\|last9=Mandal\|first9=Tuhin K.\|last10=Gadi\|first10=Ranu\|last11=Sahu\|first11=Lokesh K.\|date=2021-02-25\|title=Comprehensive organic emission profiles, secondary organic aerosol production potential, and OH reactivity of domestic fuel combustion in Delhi, India\|url=https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/2021/ea/d0ea00009d\|journal=Environmental Science: Atmospheres\|language=en\|volume=1\|issue=2\|pages=104–117\|doi=10.1039/D0EA00009D\|issn=2634-3606\|doi-access=free}}</ref> fires on agricultural land, exhaust from diesel generators, dust from construction sites, burning garbage<ref>{{cite web \| url=https://www.latimes.com/world/asia/la-fg-india-pollution-new-delhi-cars-20160104-story.html \| title=To fight the world's worst air pollution, New Delhi forces cars off the roads \| work=[[Los Angeles Times]] \| access-date=7 December 2017 \| author=Bengali, Shashank \| date=4 January 2016 \| pages=4 January 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web \| url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/a-history-of-delhi-s-air-pollution-can-road-rationing-even-the-odds/story-XNnrXjRY2I4bwzgSuYlJZK.html \| title=A history of Delhi's air pollution: Can road rationing even the odds? \| work=Hindustan Times \| date=4 January 2016 \| access-date=7 December 2017 \| author=HT Correspondent}}</ref> and illegal industrial activities in Delhi. Although pollution is at its worst from November to February, Delhi's air misses clean-air standards by a wide margin for much of the year. It is a noxious mix of emissions from its 9 million vehicles, construction dust and burning of waste. On the worst days, the air quality index, a benchmark ranging from zero (good) to 500 (hazardous), exceeds 400.<ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://www.voanews.com/south-central-asia/doctors-warn-pollutions-impact-health-new-delhi\|title=Doctors Warn of Pollution's Impact on Health in New Delhi\|website=Voice of America\|language=en\|access-date=7 November 2019}}</ref>
	* The [[Badarpur Thermal Power Station]], a coal-fired power plant built in 1973, is another major source of air pollution in Delhi. Despite producing less than 8% of the city's electric power, it ~~produces~~ 80 to 90% of the [[particulate matter]] pollution from the electric power sector in Delhi.<ref>{{cite news\|title=The Badarpur Plant's effect on Air Pollution and why it needs to be shut down\|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/the-badarpur-plants-effect-on-air-pollution-and-why-it-needs-to-be-shut-down/articleshow/53669369.cms\|access-date=25 November 2016\|work=[[The Economic Times]]\|date=12 August 2016}}</ref> During the [[Great smog of Delhi]] in November 2017, the Badarpur Power Plant was temporarily shut down to alleviate the acute air pollution but was allowed to restart on 1 February 2018.<ref>{{cite news\|title=Badarpur thermal power plant to remain shut till Jan 31 2018\|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/cities/delhi/badarpur-thermal-power-plant-to-remain-shut-till-jan-31-2017-4380987/\|access-date=25 November 2016\|work=[[Indian Express]]\|date=17 November 2016}}</ref> In view of the detrimental effect to the environment, the power plant has been permanently shut down since 15 October 2018 <ref>{{cite news\|title=Badarpur thermal plant, Delhi's biggest power generator, to shut down from October 15\|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/Delhi-news/badarpur-thermal-plant-delhi-s-biggest-power-generator-to-shut-down-from-october-15/story-6r1DhoDjb7G0yr48iv8IqI.html}}</ref>		* The [[Badarpur Thermal Power Station]], a coal-fired power plant built in 1973, was another major source of air pollution in Delhi. Despite producing less than 8% of the city's electric power, it produced 80 to 90% of the [[particulate matter]] pollution from the electric power sector in Delhi.<ref>{{cite news\|title=The Badarpur Plant's effect on Air Pollution and why it needs to be shut down\|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/the-badarpur-plants-effect-on-air-pollution-and-why-it-needs-to-be-shut-down/articleshow/53669369.cms\|access-date=25 November 2016\|work=[[The Economic Times]]\|date=12 August 2016}}</ref> During the [[Great smog of Delhi]] in November 2017, the Badarpur Power Plant was temporarily shut down to alleviate the acute air pollution but was allowed to restart on 1 February 2018.<ref>{{cite news\|title=Badarpur thermal power plant to remain shut till Jan 31 2018\|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/cities/delhi/badarpur-thermal-power-plant-to-remain-shut-till-jan-31-2017-4380987/\|access-date=25 November 2016\|work=[[Indian Express]]\|date=17 November 2016}}</ref> In view of the detrimental effect to the environment, the power plant has been permanently shut down since 15 October 2018 <ref>{{cite news\|title=Badarpur thermal plant, Delhi's biggest power generator, to shut down from October 15\|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/Delhi-news/badarpur-thermal-plant-delhi-s-biggest-power-generator-to-shut-down-from-october-15/story-6r1DhoDjb7G0yr48iv8IqI.html}}</ref>
	*The drift/mist emissions from the wet [[cooling tower]]s are also a source of particulate matter as they are widely used in industry and other sectors for dissipating heat in cooling systems.<ref>{{cite news \|title=Wet cooling towers: guide to reporting \|url= https://www.canada.ca/en/environment-climate-change/services/national-pollutant-release-inventory/report/sector-specific-tools-calculate-emissions/wet-cooling-tower-particulate-guide.html \|access-date=19 October 2018}}</ref>		*The drift/mist emissions from the wet [[cooling tower]]s are also a source of particulate matter as they are widely used in industry and other sectors for dissipating heat in cooling systems.<ref>{{cite news \|title=Wet cooling towers: guide to reporting \|url= https://www.canada.ca/en/environment-climate-change/services/national-pollutant-release-inventory/report/sector-specific-tools-calculate-emissions/wet-cooling-tower-particulate-guide.html \|access-date=19 October 2018}}</ref>
	* Although Delhi is kerosene free and 90% of the households use [[Liquefied petroleum gas\|LPG]] for cooking, the remaining 10% uses wood, crop residue, [[cow dung]], and coal for cooking. (Census-India, 2011)		* Although Delhi is kerosene free and 90% of the households use [[Liquefied petroleum gas\|LPG]] for cooking, the remaining 10% uses wood, crop residue, [[cow dung]], and coal for cooking. (Census-India, 2011)
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	* Heavy metal-rich fire-crackers		* Heavy metal-rich fire-crackers
	* Agricultural [[stubble burning]] also affects Delhi's air quality since 2002 when crops are being harvested.<ref>{{cite web\|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/delhi-news/stubble-burning-begins-hold-your-breath-delhiites-that-deadly-smog-is-coming/story-ahzIniEIeYF12iBDHtGHpO.html\|title=Stubble burning begins: Hold your breath Delhiites, that deadly smog is coming\|date=9 October 2017}}</ref>		* Agricultural [[stubble burning]] also affects Delhi's air quality since 2002 when crops are being harvested.<ref>{{cite web\|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/delhi-news/stubble-burning-begins-hold-your-breath-delhiites-that-deadly-smog-is-coming/story-ahzIniEIeYF12iBDHtGHpO.html\|title=Stubble burning begins: Hold your breath Delhiites, that deadly smog is coming\|date=9 October 2017}}</ref>

	~~==Taj Mahal==~~
	The white marble of which the Taj Mahal is made is losing its white lustre and becoming discoloured. This is due to air pollution caused by the industries located in and around Agra, and the oil refinery at Mathura. The acid rain caused due to air pollution eats into marble, and the SPM in the air is deposited on the marble, discolouring it. The Supreme Court has ordered industries around the Taj Mahal to switch over to non-polluting fuels such as CNG and LPG. The has resulted in some reduction in air pollution.

	== Effects of poor air quality==		== Effects of poor air quality==
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	==Response of expatriates==		==Response of expatriates==
	To contend with the poor air quality, embassies and international businesses in Delhi are considering reducing staff tenures, advising staff to reconsider bringing their children to Delhi, providing high-end [[air purifiers]], and installing expensive air purifiers in their offices.<ref name="GARDINER HARRIS, 14/2"/>		To contend with the poor air quality, embassies and international businesses in Delhi are considering reducing staff tenures, advising staff to reconsider bringing their children to Delhi, providing high-end [[air purifiers]], and installing expensive air purifiers in their offices.<ref name="GARDINER HARRIS, 14/2"/><ref>{{cite news \|url=https://air8.tech/air-purifier-for-offices/ \|title=Air Cleaning Technology: Air Purifier for Offices \|work=Air Eight \|access-date=18 March 2019 }}</ref>

	== Major incidents ==		== Major incidents ==

>Maxeto0910 at 20:20, 1 July 2021

2021-07-01T20:20:10Z

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Air pollution in Delhi - Revision history

Raymondbig: cleaned up content for clarity and corrected details

UpdateBot: robot: Update article (please report if you notice any mistake or error in this edit)

148.59.58.169 at 17:01, 2 September 2021

>Maxeto0910 at 20:20, 1 July 2021