103.41.25.93: /* History */

2021-07-12T08:03:47Z

History

New page

{{short description|Misl}}
[[File:Ahluwalia Quila.jpg|thumb|Ahluwalia Fort]]
'''Ahluwalia''' (also transliterated as '''Ahluvalia''') was a [[misl]], that is, a sovereign state in the [[Sikh confederacy]] of [[Punjab]] region in present-day India and Pakistan. The misl's name is derived from Ahlu, the ancestral village of the misl leaders. The Ahluwalia misl was one of the 12 major Sikh misls, and held land to the north of [[Sutlej river]].<ref name="KR_2015">{{cite book |title=Military Manpower, Armies and Warfare in South Asia |author=Kaushik Roy |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GpNECgAAQBAJ&pg=PT88 |publisher=Routledge |year=2015 |isbn=9781317321279 |page=88 }}</ref>
{{Misls}}

== History ==

Different scholars variously name the misl's founder as Sadho Singh,<ref>{{cite book |author=G. S. Chhabra |title=Advanced History of the Punjab: Ranjit Singh & post Ranjit Singh period |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0u0CAAAAMAAJ |year=1972 |publisher=New Academic |page=21 |quote=Its founder was one Sadhu Singh, a jat of the Kalal or distiller caste. But the true founder of the confederacy was Jussa Singh... }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |author=Surjit Singh Gandhi |title=Sikhs in the Eighteenth Century: Their Struggle for Survival and Supremacy |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MiluAAAAMAAJ |year=1999 |publisher=Singh Bros |isbn=978-81-7205-217-1 |page=393 |quote=The Misl was founded by Sadda Singh who was Jat by race and Kalal (wine distiller) by profession and lived seven miles east of Lahore in a village named Ahlu which gave its name to the Misl}}</ref> his descendant Bagh Singh,<ref>{{cite book |author=Gurbachan Singh Nayyar |title=Sikh Polity and Political Institutions |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CRRDAAAAYAAJ |year=1979 |publisher=Oriental |page=120 |quote=The founder of Ahluwalia misl was Bagh Singh.}}</ref><ref name="Singh1970">{{cite book |author=Khazan Singh |title=History of the Sikh religion |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oXE9AAAAIAAJ |year=1970 |publisher=Department of Languages, Punjab |page=289 |quote=The real founder of the misl was Sardar Bagh Singh, Kalal, of Hallo-Sadho. He was initiated with pahaul by Bhai Mani Singh in Sambat in 1771 (1714 A D ) and soon after that became leader of a considerable body of troops.}}</ref> or Bagh Singh's nephew [[Jassa Singh Ahluwalia]].<ref name="Walia1982">{{cite book |author=Jagjiwan Mohan Walia |title=Parties and politics at the Sikh court, 1799-1849 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hEtuAAAAMAAJ |year=1982 |publisher=Master |page=6 |quote=The Ahluwalia Misl was founded by Jassa Singh, who belonged to village Ahlu.}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |author=Harish Jain |title=The Making of Punjab |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CLCBJiEHs4cC&pg=PA201 |year=2003 |publisher=Unistar |page=201 |quote=Ahluwalia Misl - This was founded by Jassa Singh Ahluwalia and was named after his village Ahlu.}}</ref>

The misl rose to prominence under Jassa Singh,<ref name="KR_2015"/><ref>{{cite book |last =Singhia |first=H.S. |title=The encyclopedia of Sikhism |publisher=Hemkunt Press |year=2009 |location=New Delhi|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gqIbJz7vMn0C&pg=PA111 |isbn=978-81-7010-301-1 |page=111}}</ref> who was the first person to use the name "Ahluwalia". Originally known as Jassa Singh [[Kalal]], he styled himself as Ahluwalia after his ancestral village of Ahlu.<ref name="Donald_1968">{{cite book |author=Donald Anthony Low |title=Soundings in Modern South Asian History |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WfD02m8q8eYC&pg=PA70 |year=1968 |publisher=University of California Press |page=70-71 |oclc=612533097 }}</ref>

Even after other misls lost their territories to [[Ranjit Singh]]'s [[Sikh Empire]], the emperor permitted the descendants of Jassa Singh to retain their estates. After the [[British India|British]] took over the Jat Sikh territories in 1846, Jassa Singh's descendants became the ruling family of the [[Kapurthala State]].<ref name="WHMcLeod_2009">{{cite book |author=W. H. McLeod |title=The A to Z of Sikhism |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vgixwfeCyDAC&pg=PA6 |year=2009 |publisher=Scarecrow Press |isbn=978-0-8108-6344-6 |page=6 }}</ref>

==Royal dynasty==
===Sardars===
* [[Jassa Singh Ahluwalia|Jassa Singh]] (1777 – 20 October 1783)<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://members.iinet.net.au/~royalty/ips/k/kapurthala.html |title=Kapurthala |access-date=2021-01-05 |archive-date=2018-08-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180808230543/http://members.iinet.net.au/~royalty/ips/k/kapurthala.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> (b. 1718 – d. 1783)<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|url=http://www.royalfamilyofindia.com/kapurthala/|title=KAPURTHALA|date=2013-04-12|work=Royal Family of India|access-date=2018-01-09|language=en-US}}</ref>
*[[Bagh Singh of Kapurthala|Bagh Singh]] (20 October 1783 – 10 July 1801) (b. 1747 – d. 1801){{cn|date=June 2020}}

===Rajas===
[[File:Fateh Singh Ahluwalia.png|thumb|Raja Fateh Singh Ahluwalia, [[Companion of Order of the Indian Empire|CIE]] ]]
* [[Fateh Singh Ahluwalia]] (10 July 1801 – 20 October 1837) (b. 1784 – d. 1837)<ref>{{cite web |title=History {{!}} Kapurthala Web Portal {{!}} India |url=https://kapurthala.gov.in/history/ |publisher=Government of India |access-date=25 December 2020}}</ref><ref>[https://quod.lib.umich.edu/g/genpub/AFH9527.0001.001?rgn=main;view=fulltext A history of the Sikhs, from the origin of the nation to the battles of the Sutlej.] Cunningham, Joseph Davey, 1812-1851., Garrett, H. L. O. ed. (Herbert Leonard Offley), 1881-1941</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Griffin |first1=Lepel Henry |title=Ranjit Singh |publisher=Oxford : Clarendon press |url=https://archive.org/details/ranjitsingh00grif}}</ref>
* [[Nihal Singh of Kapurthala|Nihal Singh]] (20 October 1837 – 13 September 1852) (b. 1817 – d. 1852)
* [[Randhir Singh of Kapurthala|Randhir Singh]] (13 September 1852 – 12 March 1861) (b. 1831 – d. 1870)<ref name=":0" />

===Raja-i Rajgan===
* [[Randhir Singh of Kapurthala|Randhir Singh]] (12 March 1861 – 2 April 1870) (b. 1831 – d. 1870)
* [[Kharak Singh of Kapurthala|Kharak Singh]] (2 April 1870 – 3 September 1877) (b. 1850 – d. 1877)

* [[Jagatjit Singh]] (3 September 1877 – 12 December 1911) (b. 1872 – d. 1949)<ref name=":0" />

===Maharajas===
* [[Jagatjit Singh]] (12 December 1911 – 15 August 1947) (b. 1872 – d. 1949)<ref name=":0" />
*Paramjit Singh
*[[Brigadier]] [[Sukhjit Singh (Soldier)|Sukhjit Singh]] [[Maha Vir Chakra|MVC]]

===Crown Princes===
* Tikka Raja Shatrujit Singh<ref name="NDTV2009">{{cite web |title=An undivided India? |url=https://www.ndtv.com/video/news/the-big-fight/an-undivided-india-100356 |publisher=[[NDTV]] |accessdate=19 October 2020 |language=English |date=29 August 2009}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Misls]]
[[Category:Ahluwalia| ]]
[[Category:History of Sikhism]]
[[Category:Sikh Empire]]

Ahluwalia (misl) - Revision history

103.41.25.93: /* History */