Ahluwalia (caste) - Revision history

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	{{short description\|Indian caste}}		{{short description\|Indian caste}}
			{{pp-extended\|small=yes}}
	'''Ahluwalia''' (also transliterated as '''Ahluvalia''') is an [[Indian caste system\|Indian caste]] native to the [[Punjab (India)\|Punjab]] region.<ref name="WHMcLeod_2009"/><ref name="Paramjit_2015"/>		'''Ahluwalia''' (also transliterated as '''Ahluvalia''') is an [[Indian caste system\|Indian caste]] native to the [[Punjab (India)\|Punjab]] region.<ref name="WHMcLeod_2009"/><ref name="Paramjit_2015"/>

			==History==
	The Ahluwalias originally belonged to the [[Kalwar (caste)\|Kalal]] caste, whose traditional occupation was brewing [[desi daru\|country liquor]].<ref name="WHMcLeod_2009"/><ref name="Paramjit_2015">{{cite journal \|author=Paramjit S. Judge \|title=Caste Hierarchy, Dominance, and Change in Punjab \|journal=Sociological Bulletin \|volume=64 \|issue=1 \|year=2015 \|page=62 \|publisher=Sage \|jstor=26290720 \|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/26290720 \|quote=Ahluwalias, formerly known by the name of Kalal, are a caste of liquor distillers. At present, they are upper caste without any traditional stigma. }}</ref> The Kalals held a low status in the traditional caste hierarchy, close to the [[Dalit\|outcastes]].<ref name="WHMcLeod_2009"/><ref name="Dev_1961">{{cite journal \|author=Dev Raj Chanana \|title=Sanskritisation, Westernisation and India's North-West \|journal=The Economic Weekly \|volume=VIII \|issue=9 \|date=1961-03-04 \|url=https://www.epw.in/system/files/pdf/1961_13/9/sanskritisation_westernisation_and_india_s_northwest.pdf \|page=410 \|quote=The Ahluwalias had a very low social status as they engaged in the distillation and sale of liquor. Their professional name was Kalal. [...] They got the chance to improve their social status, when one of their castes was able to carve out the state of Kapurthala for himself. The entire community then laid claim to the title of Kshatriyas...".}}</ref> In the 18th century, the Sikh chief [[Jassa Singh Ahluwalia]], who belonged to the Kalal caste, adopted the surname "Ahluwalia" after the name of his ancestral village. His descendants became the ruling dynasty of the [[Kapurthala State]]. In the late 19th century, other Kalals also adopted the Ahluwalia identity, as part of a [[Sanskritisation]] process to improve their social status, resulting in the formation of the Ahluwalia caste.<ref name="WHMcLeod_2009">{{cite book \|author=W. H. McLeod \|title=The A to Z of Sikhism \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vgixwfeCyDAC&pg=PA6 \|year=2009 \|publisher=Scarecrow Press \|isbn=978-0-8108-6344-6 \|page=6 }}</ref> They gave up their traditional occupations, as they gained political power and as the [[British Raj\|colonial British]] administration started regulating distribution and sale of liquor.<ref name="Donald_1968">{{cite book \|author=Donald Anthony Low \|title=Soundings in Modern South Asian History \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WfD02m8q8eYC&pg=PA70 \|year=1968 \|publisher=University of California Press \|pages=70–71 \|oclc=612533097 \|language=en}}</ref> This attempt was successful, and the Ahluwalias came to be considered equal to the high-ranked [[Khatri]]s in the caste hierarchy.<ref name="WHMcLeod_2009"/> The Kalals took up new occupations, and in particular, a large number of Ahluwalias served in the army.<ref name="Donald_1968"/>		The Ahluwalias originally belonged to the [[Kalwar (caste)\|Kalal]] caste, whose traditional occupation was brewing [[desi daru\|country liquor]].<ref name="WHMcLeod_2009"/><ref name="Paramjit_2015">{{cite journal \|author=Paramjit S. Judge \|title=Caste Hierarchy, Dominance, and Change in Punjab \|journal=Sociological Bulletin \|volume=64 \|issue=1 \|year=2015 \|page=62 \|publisher=Sage \|jstor=26290720 \|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/26290720 \|quote=Ahluwalias, formerly known by the name of Kalal, are a caste of liquor distillers. At present, they are upper caste without any traditional stigma. }}</ref> The Kalals held a low status in the traditional caste hierarchy, close to the [[Dalit\|outcastes]].<ref name="WHMcLeod_2009"/><ref name="Dev_1961">{{cite journal \|author=Dev Raj Chanana \|title=Sanskritisation, Westernisation and India's North-West \|journal=The Economic Weekly \|volume=VIII \|issue=9 \|date=1961-03-04 \|url=https://www.epw.in/system/files/pdf/1961_13/9/sanskritisation_westernisation_and_india_s_northwest.pdf \|page=410 \|quote=The Ahluwalias had a very low social status as they engaged in the distillation and sale of liquor. Their professional name was Kalal. [...] They got the chance to improve their social status, when one of their castes was able to carve out the state of Kapurthala for himself. The entire community then laid claim to the title of Kshatriyas...".}}</ref> In the 18th century, the Sikh chief [[Jassa Singh Ahluwalia]], who belonged to the Kalal caste, adopted the surname "Ahluwalia" after the name of his ancestral village. His descendants became the ruling dynasty of the [[Kapurthala State]]. In the late 19th century, other Kalals also adopted the Ahluwalia identity, as part of a [[Sanskritisation]] process to improve their social status, resulting in the formation of the Ahluwalia caste.<ref name="WHMcLeod_2009">{{cite book \|author=W. H. McLeod \|title=The A to Z of Sikhism \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vgixwfeCyDAC&pg=PA6 \|year=2009 \|publisher=Scarecrow Press \|isbn=978-0-8108-6344-6 \|page=6 }}</ref> They gave up their traditional occupations, as they gained political power and as the [[British Raj\|colonial British]] administration started regulating distribution and sale of liquor.<ref name="Donald_1968">{{cite book \|author=Donald Anthony Low \|title=Soundings in Modern South Asian History \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WfD02m8q8eYC&pg=PA70 \|year=1968 \|publisher=University of California Press \|pages=70–71 \|oclc=612533097 \|language=en}}</ref> This attempt was successful, and the Ahluwalias came to be considered equal to the high-ranked [[Khatri]]s in the caste hierarchy.<ref name="WHMcLeod_2009"/> The Kalals took up new occupations, and in particular, a large number of Ahluwalias served in the army.<ref name="Donald_1968"/>

	Some of the Ahluwalias further tried to enhance their social status by claiming [[Khatri]] or [[Rajput]] descent.<ref name="Donald_1968"/> For example, a legendary account traces the ancestry of the Kapurthala royal family to the Bhatti Rajput royal family of [[Jaisalmer State\|Jaisalmer]] (and ultimately to [[Krishna]] through [[Shalivahana\|Salibahan]]). According to this narrative, a group of Bhattis migrated to Punjab, where they came to be known as [[Jats]], and became Sikhs. The account states that Sadho Singh and his four sons married into Kalal families, because of which the family came to be known as Ahluwalia.<ref name="Ganda_1990">{{cite book \|author=Ganda Singh \|title=Sardar Jassa Singh Ahluwalia \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=f4ZHAAAAMAAJ \|year=1990 \|publisher=Punjabi University \|pages=1–4 }}</ref> [[Lepel Griffin]] (1873), a British administrator who wrote on the history of Punjab's rulers, dismissed this account connecting the Ahluwalias to the Jaisalmer royal family as spurious.<ref name="Ganda_1990"/> The Sikh author Gian Singh, in his ''[[Twarikh Guru Khalsa\|Twarikh Raj Khalsa]]'' (1894), noted that the Ahluwalia family had adopted the Kalal caste identity much before Sadho Singh.<ref>{{cite book \|author=M. L. Ahluwalia\|title=Land marks in Sikh history \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1DduAAAAMAAJ \|year=1996 \|publisher=Ashoka International \|page=37 }}</ref>		Some of the Ahluwalias further tried to enhance their social status by claiming [[Khatri]] or [[Rajput]] descent.<ref name="Donald_1968"/> For example, a legendary account traces the ancestry of the Kapurthala royal family to the Bhatti Rajput royal family of [[Jaisalmer State\|Jaisalmer]] (and ultimately to [[Krishna]] through [[Shalivahana\|Salibahan]]). According to this narrative, a group of Bhattis migrated to Punjab, where they came to be known as [[Jats]], and became Sikhs. The account states that Sadho Singh and his four sons married into Kalal families, because of which the family came to be known as Ahluwalia.<ref name="Ganda_1990">{{cite book \|author=Ganda Singh \|title=Sardar Jassa Singh Ahluwalia \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=f4ZHAAAAMAAJ \|year=1990 \|publisher=Punjabi University \|pages=1–4}}</ref> [[Lepel Griffin]] (1873), a British administrator who wrote on the history of Punjab's rulers, dismissed this account connecting the Ahluwalias to the Jaisalmer royal family as spurious.<ref name="Ganda_1990"/> The Sikh author Gian Singh, in his ''[[Twarikh Guru Khalsa\|Twarikh Raj Khalsa]]'' (1894), noted that the Ahluwalia family had adopted the Kalal caste identity much before Sadho Singh.<ref>{{cite book \|author=M. L. Ahluwalia\|title=Land marks in Sikh history \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1DduAAAAMAAJ \|year=1996 \|publisher=Ashoka International \|page=37 }}</ref>

	Most of the Ahluwalias follow either [[Sikhism]] or [[Hinduism]].<ref name="WHMcLeod_2009"/><ref>{{cite book \|author=Jogindra Singh Gandhi \|title=Lawyers and Touts: A Study in the Sociology of Legal Profession \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FGmPAAAAMAAJ \|publisher=Hindustan \|year=1982 \|page=64 \|quote=Ahluwalia are bi-religious, having both Hindu and Sikh members \|language=en}}</ref>		Most of the Ahluwalias follow either [[Sikhism]] or [[Hinduism]].<ref name="WHMcLeod_2009"/><ref>{{cite book \|author=Jogindra Singh Gandhi \|title=Lawyers and Touts: A Study in the Sociology of Legal Profession \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FGmPAAAAMAAJ \|publisher=Hindustan \|year=1982 \|page=64 \|quote=Ahluwalia are bi-religious, having both Hindu and Sikh members \|language=en}}</ref>

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2023-07-24T06:11:52Z

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← Older revision		Revision as of 11:41, 24 July 2023
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	~~{{pp\|small=yes}}~~
	{{short description\|Indian caste}}		{{short description\|Indian caste}}
	'''Ahluwalia''' (also transliterated as '''Ahluvalia''') is an [[Indian caste system\|Indian caste]] native to the [[Punjab (India)\|Punjab]] region.<ref name="WHMcLeod_2009"/><ref name="Paramjit_2015"/>		'''Ahluwalia''' (also transliterated as '''Ahluvalia''') is an [[Indian caste system\|Indian caste]] native to the [[Punjab (India)\|Punjab]] region.<ref name="WHMcLeod_2009"/><ref name="Paramjit_2015"/>

Ajay Kumar: Included a reliable source for verification.

2023-07-23T14:29:24Z

Included a reliable source for verification.

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:59, 23 July 2023
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			{{pp\|small=yes}}
	{{short description\|Indian caste}}		{{short description\|Indian caste}}
	'''Ahluwalia''' (also transliterated as '''Ahluvalia''') is an [[Indian caste system\|Indian caste]] native to the [[Punjab (India)\|Punjab]] region.<ref name="WHMcLeod_2009"/><ref name="Paramjit_2015"/>		'''Ahluwalia''' (also transliterated as '''Ahluvalia''') is an [[Indian caste system\|Indian caste]] native to the [[Punjab (India)\|Punjab]] region.<ref name="WHMcLeod_2009"/><ref name="Paramjit_2015"/>

	The Ahluwalias originally belonged to the [[Kalwar (caste)\|Kalal]] caste, whose traditional occupation was brewing [[desi daru\|country liquor]].<ref name="WHMcLeod_2009"/><ref name="Paramjit_2015">{{cite journal \|author=Paramjit S. Judge \|title=Caste Hierarchy, Dominance, and Change in Punjab \|journal=Sociological Bulletin \|volume=64 \|issue=1 \|year=2015 \|page=62 \|publisher=Sage \|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/26290720 \|quote=Ahluwalias, formerly known by the name of Kalal, are a caste of liquor distillers. At present, they are upper caste without any traditional stigma. }}</ref> The Kalals held a low status in the traditional caste hierarchy, close to the [[Dalit\|outcastes]].<ref name="WHMcLeod_2009"/><ref name="Dev_1961">{{cite journal \|author=Dev Raj Chanana \|title=Sanskritisation, Westernisation and India's North-West \|journal=The Economic Weekly \|volume=VIII \|issue=9 \|date=1961-03-04 \|url=https://www.epw.in/system/files/pdf/1961_13/9/sanskritisation_westernisation_and_india_s_northwest.pdf \|page=410 \|quote=The Ahluwalias had a very low social status as they engaged in the distillation and sale of liquor. Their professional name was Kalal. [...] They got the chance to improve their social status, when one of their castes was able to carve out the state of Kapurthala for himself. The entire community then laid claim to the title of Kshatriyas...".}}</ref> In the 18th century, the Sikh chief [[Jassa Singh Ahluwalia]], who belonged to the Kalal caste, adopted the surname "Ahluwalia" after the name of his ancestral village. His descendants became the ruling dynasty of the [[Kapurthala State]]. In the late 19th century, other Kalals also adopted the Ahluwalia identity, as part of a [[Sanskritisation]] process to improve their social status, resulting in the formation of the Ahluwalia caste.<ref name="WHMcLeod_2009">{{cite book \|author=W. H. McLeod \|title=The A to Z of Sikhism \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vgixwfeCyDAC&pg=PA6 \|year=2009 \|publisher=Scarecrow Press \|isbn=978-0-8108-6344-6 \|page=6 }}</ref> They gave up their traditional occupations, as they gained political power and as the [[British Raj\|colonial British]] administration started regulating distribution and sale of liquor.<ref name="Donald_1968">{{cite book \|author=Donald Anthony Low \|title=Soundings in Modern South Asian History \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WfD02m8q8eYC&pg=PA70 \|year=1968 \|publisher=University of California Press \|pages=70–71 \|oclc=612533097 }}</ref> This attempt was successful, and the Ahluwalias came to be considered equal to the high-ranked [[Khatri]]s in the caste hierarchy.<ref name="WHMcLeod_2009"/> The Kalals took up new occupations, and in particular, a large number of Ahluwalias served in the army.<ref name="Donald_1968"/>		The Ahluwalias originally belonged to the [[Kalwar (caste)\|Kalal]] caste, whose traditional occupation was brewing [[desi daru\|country liquor]].<ref name="WHMcLeod_2009"/><ref name="Paramjit_2015">{{cite journal \|author=Paramjit S. Judge \|title=Caste Hierarchy, Dominance, and Change in Punjab \|journal=Sociological Bulletin \|volume=64 \|issue=1 \|year=2015 \|page=62 \|publisher=Sage \|jstor=26290720 \|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/26290720 \|quote=Ahluwalias, formerly known by the name of Kalal, are a caste of liquor distillers. At present, they are upper caste without any traditional stigma. }}</ref> The Kalals held a low status in the traditional caste hierarchy, close to the [[Dalit\|outcastes]].<ref name="WHMcLeod_2009"/><ref name="Dev_1961">{{cite journal \|author=Dev Raj Chanana \|title=Sanskritisation, Westernisation and India's North-West \|journal=The Economic Weekly \|volume=VIII \|issue=9 \|date=1961-03-04 \|url=https://www.epw.in/system/files/pdf/1961_13/9/sanskritisation_westernisation_and_india_s_northwest.pdf \|page=410 \|quote=The Ahluwalias had a very low social status as they engaged in the distillation and sale of liquor. Their professional name was Kalal. [...] They got the chance to improve their social status, when one of their castes was able to carve out the state of Kapurthala for himself. The entire community then laid claim to the title of Kshatriyas...".}}</ref> In the 18th century, the Sikh chief [[Jassa Singh Ahluwalia]], who belonged to the Kalal caste, adopted the surname "Ahluwalia" after the name of his ancestral village. His descendants became the ruling dynasty of the [[Kapurthala State]]. In the late 19th century, other Kalals also adopted the Ahluwalia identity, as part of a [[Sanskritisation]] process to improve their social status, resulting in the formation of the Ahluwalia caste.<ref name="WHMcLeod_2009">{{cite book \|author=W. H. McLeod \|title=The A to Z of Sikhism \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vgixwfeCyDAC&pg=PA6 \|year=2009 \|publisher=Scarecrow Press \|isbn=978-0-8108-6344-6 \|page=6 }}</ref> They gave up their traditional occupations, as they gained political power and as the [[British Raj\|colonial British]] administration started regulating distribution and sale of liquor.<ref name="Donald_1968">{{cite book \|author=Donald Anthony Low \|title=Soundings in Modern South Asian History \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WfD02m8q8eYC&pg=PA70 \|year=1968 \|publisher=University of California Press \|pages=70–71 \|oclc=612533097 \|language=en}}</ref> This attempt was successful, and the Ahluwalias came to be considered equal to the high-ranked [[Khatri]]s in the caste hierarchy.<ref name="WHMcLeod_2009"/> The Kalals took up new occupations, and in particular, a large number of Ahluwalias served in the army.<ref name="Donald_1968"/>

	Some of the Ahluwalias further tried to enhance their social status by claiming [[Khatri]] or [[Rajput]] descent.<ref name="Donald_1968"/> For example, a legendary account traces the ancestry of the Kapurthala royal family to the Bhatti Rajput royal family of [[Jaisalmer State\|Jaisalmer]] (and ultimately to [[Krishna]] through [[Shalivahana\|Salibahan]]). According to this narrative, a group of Bhattis migrated to Punjab, where they came to be known as [[Jats]], and became Sikhs. The account states that Sadho Singh and his four sons married into Kalal families, because of which the family came to be known as Ahluwalia.<ref name="Ganda_1990">{{cite book \|author=Ganda Singh \|title=Sardar Jassa Singh Ahluwalia \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=f4ZHAAAAMAAJ \|year=1990 \|publisher=Punjabi University \|pages=1–4 }}</ref> [[Lepel Griffin]] (1873), a British administrator who wrote on the history of Punjab's rulers, dismissed this account connecting the Ahluwalias to the Jaisalmer royal family as spurious.<ref name="Ganda_1990"/> The Sikh author Gian Singh, in his ''[[Twarikh Guru Khalsa\|Twarikh Raj Khalsa]]'' (1894), noted that the Ahluwalia family had adopted the Kalal caste identity much before Sadho Singh.<ref>{{cite book \|author=M. L. Ahluwalia\|title=Land marks in Sikh history \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1DduAAAAMAAJ \|year=1996 \|publisher=Ashoka International \|page=37 }}</ref>		Some of the Ahluwalias further tried to enhance their social status by claiming [[Khatri]] or [[Rajput]] descent.<ref name="Donald_1968"/> For example, a legendary account traces the ancestry of the Kapurthala royal family to the Bhatti Rajput royal family of [[Jaisalmer State\|Jaisalmer]] (and ultimately to [[Krishna]] through [[Shalivahana\|Salibahan]]). According to this narrative, a group of Bhattis migrated to Punjab, where they came to be known as [[Jats]], and became Sikhs. The account states that Sadho Singh and his four sons married into Kalal families, because of which the family came to be known as Ahluwalia.<ref name="Ganda_1990">{{cite book \|author=Ganda Singh \|title=Sardar Jassa Singh Ahluwalia \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=f4ZHAAAAMAAJ \|year=1990 \|publisher=Punjabi University \|pages=1–4 }}</ref> [[Lepel Griffin]] (1873), a British administrator who wrote on the history of Punjab's rulers, dismissed this account connecting the Ahluwalias to the Jaisalmer royal family as spurious.<ref name="Ganda_1990"/> The Sikh author Gian Singh, in his ''[[Twarikh Guru Khalsa\|Twarikh Raj Khalsa]]'' (1894), noted that the Ahluwalia family had adopted the Kalal caste identity much before Sadho Singh.<ref>{{cite book \|author=M. L. Ahluwalia\|title=Land marks in Sikh history \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1DduAAAAMAAJ \|year=1996 \|publisher=Ashoka International \|page=37 }}</ref>

	Most of the Ahluwalias follow either [[Sikhism]] or [[Hinduism]].<ref name="WHMcLeod_2009"/><ref>{{cite book \|author=Jogindra Singh Gandhi \|title=Lawyers and Touts: A Study in the Sociology of Legal Profession \|url=https://~~www~~.google.ca/books~~/edition/Lawyers_and_Touts/~~FGmPAAAAMAAJ \|publisher=Hindustan \|year=1982 \|page=64 \|quote=Ahluwalia are bi-religious, having both Hindu and Sikh members }}</ref>		Most of the Ahluwalias follow either [[Sikhism]] or [[Hinduism]].<ref name="WHMcLeod_2009"/><ref>{{cite book \|author=Jogindra Singh Gandhi \|title=Lawyers and Touts: A Study in the Sociology of Legal Profession \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FGmPAAAAMAAJ \|publisher=Hindustan \|year=1982 \|page=64 \|quote=Ahluwalia are bi-religious, having both Hindu and Sikh members \|language=en}}</ref>

	== References ==		== References ==
	{{reflist}}		{{reflist}}

			[[Category:Ahluwalia\|*]]
	[[Category:Indian castes]]		[[Category:Indian castes]]
	[[Category:Brewing and distilling castes]]		[[Category:Brewing and distilling castes]]
	[[Category:Social groups of Punjab, India]]		[[Category:Social groups of Punjab, India]]
	[[Category:Ahluwalia\|*]]		[[Category:Sikh communities]]

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← Older revision		Revision as of 00:57, 2 July 2023
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	~~{{pp\|small=yes}}~~
	{{short description\|Indian caste}}		{{short description\|Indian caste}}
	'''Ahluwalia''' (also transliterated as '''Ahluvalia''') is an [[Indian caste system\|Indian caste]] native to the [[Punjab (India)\|Punjab]] region.<ref name="WHMcLeod_2009"/><ref name="Paramjit_2015"/>		'''Ahluwalia''' (also transliterated as '''Ahluvalia''') is an [[Indian caste system\|Indian caste]] native to the [[Punjab (India)\|Punjab]] region.<ref name="WHMcLeod_2009"/><ref name="Paramjit_2015"/>

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← Older revision		Revision as of 13:30, 9 June 2022
Line 1:		Line 1:
			{{pp\|small=yes}}
	{{short description\|Indian caste}}		{{short description\|Indian caste}}
	'''Ahluwalia''' (also transliterated as '''Ahluvalia''') is an [[Indian caste system\|Indian caste]] native to the [[Punjab (India)\|Punjab]] region.<ref name="WHMcLeod_2009"/><ref name="Paramjit_2015"/>		'''Ahluwalia''' (also transliterated as '''Ahluvalia''') is an [[Indian caste system\|Indian caste]] native to the [[Punjab (India)\|Punjab]] region.<ref name="WHMcLeod_2009"/><ref name="Paramjit_2015"/>

	The Ahluwalias originally belonged to the [[Kalwar (caste)\|Kalal]] caste, whose traditional occupation was brewing [[desi daru\|country liquor]].<ref name="WHMcLeod_2009"/><ref name="Paramjit_2015">{{cite journal \|author=Paramjit S. Judge \|title=Caste Hierarchy, Dominance, and Change in Punjab \|journal=Sociological Bulletin \|volume=64 \|issue=1 \|year=2015 \|page=62 \|publisher=Sage \|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/26290720 \|quote=Ahluwalias, formerly known by the name of Kalal, are a caste of liquor distillers. At present, they are upper caste without any traditional stigma. }}</ref> The Kalals held a low status in the traditional caste hierarchy, close to the [[Dalit\|outcastes]].<ref name="WHMcLeod_2009"/><ref name="Dev_1961">{{cite journal \|author=Dev Raj Chanana \|title=Sanskritisation, Westernisation and India's North-West \|journal=The Economic Weekly \|volume=VIII \|issue=9 \|date=1961-03-04 \|url=https://www.epw.in/system/files/pdf/1961_13/9/sanskritisation_westernisation_and_india_s_northwest.pdf \|page=410 \|quote=The Ahluwalias had a very low social status as they engaged in the distillation and sale of liquor. Their professional name was Kalal. [...] They got the chance to improve their social status, when one of their castes was able to carve out the state of Kapurthala for himself. The entire community then laid claim to the title of Kshatriyas...".}}</ref> In the 18th century, the Sikh chief [[Jassa Singh Ahluwalia]], who belonged to the Kalal caste, adopted the surname "Ahluwalia" after the name of his ancestral village. His descendants became the ruling dynasty of the [[Kapurthala State]]. In the late 19th century, other Kalals also adopted the Ahluwalia identity, as part of a [[Sanskritisation]] process to improve their social status, resulting in the formation of the Ahluwalia caste.<ref name="WHMcLeod_2009">{{cite book \|author=W. H. McLeod \|title=The A to Z of Sikhism \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vgixwfeCyDAC&pg=PA6 \|year=2009 \|publisher=Scarecrow Press \|isbn=978-0-8108-6344-6 \|page=6 }}</ref> They gave up their traditional occupations, as they gained political power and as the [[British Raj\|colonial British]] administration started regulating distribution and sale of liquor.<ref name="Donald_1968">{{cite book \|author=Donald Anthony Low \|title=Soundings in Modern South Asian History \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WfD02m8q8eYC&pg=PA70 \|year=1968 \|publisher=University of California Press \|pages=70–71 \|oclc=612533097 }}</ref> This attempt was successful, and the Ahluwalias came to be considered equal to the high-ranked [[Khatri]]s in the caste hierarchy.<ref name="WHMcLeod_2009"/> The Kalals took up new occupations, and in particular, a large number of Ahluwalias served in the army.<ref name="Donald_1968"/>		The Ahluwalias originally belonged to the [[Kalwar (caste)\|Kalal]] caste, whose traditional occupation was brewing [[desi daru\|country liquor]].<ref name="WHMcLeod_2009"/><ref name="Paramjit_2015">{{cite journal \|author=Paramjit S. Judge \|title=Caste Hierarchy, Dominance, and Change in Punjab \|journal=Sociological Bulletin \|volume=64 \|issue=1 \|year=2015 \|page=62 \|publisher=Sage \|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/26290720 \|quote=Ahluwalias, formerly known by the name of Kalal, are a caste of liquor distillers. At present, they are upper caste without any traditional stigma. }}</ref> The Kalals held a low status in the traditional caste hierarchy, close to the [[Dalit\|outcastes]].<ref name="WHMcLeod_2009"/><ref name="Dev_1961">{{cite journal \|author=Dev Raj Chanana \|title=Sanskritisation, Westernisation and India's North-West \|journal=The Economic Weekly \|volume=VIII \|issue=9 \|date=1961-03-04 \|url=https://www.epw.in/system/files/pdf/1961_13/9/sanskritisation_westernisation_and_india_s_northwest.pdf \|page=410 \|quote=The Ahluwalias had a very low social status as they engaged in the distillation and sale of liquor. Their professional name was Kalal. [...] They got the chance to improve their social status, when one of their castes was able to carve out the state of Kapurthala for himself. The entire community then laid claim to the title of Kshatriyas...".}}</ref> In the 18th century, the Sikh chief [[Jassa Singh Ahluwalia]], who belonged to the Kalal caste, adopted the surname "Ahluwalia" after the name of his ancestral village. His descendants became the ruling dynasty of the [[Kapurthala State]]. In the late 19th century, other Kalals also adopted the Ahluwalia identity, as part of a [[Sanskritisation]] process to improve their social status, resulting in the formation of the Ahluwalia caste.<ref name="WHMcLeod_2009">{{cite book \|author=W. H. McLeod \|title=The A to Z of Sikhism \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vgixwfeCyDAC&pg=PA6 \|year=2009 \|publisher=Scarecrow Press \|isbn=978-0-8108-6344-6 \|page=6 }}</ref> They gave up their traditional occupations, as they gained political power and as the [[British Raj\|colonial British]] administration started regulating distribution and sale of liquor.<ref name="Donald_1968">{{cite book \|author=Donald Anthony Low \|title=Soundings in Modern South Asian History \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WfD02m8q8eYC&pg=PA70 \|year=1968 \|publisher=University of California Press \|pages=70–71 \|oclc=612533097 }}</ref> This attempt was successful, and the Ahluwalias came to be considered equal to the high-ranked [[Khatri]]s in the caste hierarchy.<ref name="WHMcLeod_2009"/> The Kalals took up new occupations, and in particular, a large number of Ahluwalias served in the army.<ref name="Donald_1968"/>
Line 12:		Line 13:

	[[Category:Indian castes]]		[[Category:Indian castes]]
			[[Category:Brewing and distilling castes]]
	[[Category:Social groups of Punjab, India]]		[[Category:Social groups of Punjab, India]]
			[[Category:Ahluwalia\|*]]

WikiDwarf: Rv as per mentioned in the source (The A to Z of Sikhism).

2022-05-16T13:29:21Z

Rv as per mentioned in the source (The A to Z of Sikhism).

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:59, 16 May 2022
Line 2:		Line 2:
	'''Ahluwalia''' (also transliterated as '''Ahluvalia''') is an [[Indian caste system\|Indian caste]] native to the [[Punjab (India)\|Punjab]] region.<ref name="WHMcLeod_2009"/><ref name="Paramjit_2015"/>		'''Ahluwalia''' (also transliterated as '''Ahluvalia''') is an [[Indian caste system\|Indian caste]] native to the [[Punjab (India)\|Punjab]] region.<ref name="WHMcLeod_2009"/><ref name="Paramjit_2015"/>

	The Ahluwalias originally ~~belong~~ to the [[~~jatt~~ (caste)\|~~jatt~~]] caste, whose traditional occupation was brewing [[~~country food (caste)~~\|country ~~food~~]].<ref name="WHMcLeod_2009"/><ref name="Paramjit_2015">{{cite journal \|author=Paramjit S. Judge \|title=Caste Hierarchy, Dominance, and Change in Punjab \|journal=Sociological Bulletin \|volume=64 \|issue=1 \|year=2015 \|page=62 \|publisher=Sage \|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/26290720 \|quote=Ahluwalias, formerly known by the name of ~~jatts~~, are a caste of ~~farmers~~. At present, they are upper caste without any traditional stigma. }}</ref> The ~~jatts~~ held a ~~high~~ status in the ~~modern~~ caste hierarchy.<ref name="WHMcLeod_2009"/><ref name="Dev_1961">{{cite journal \|author=Dev Raj Chanana \|title=Sanskritisation, Westernisation and India's North-West \|journal=The Economic Weekly \|volume=VIII \|issue=9 \|date=1961-03-04 \|url=https://www.epw.in/system/files/pdf/1961_13/9/sanskritisation_westernisation_and_india_s_northwest.pdf \|page=410 \|quote=The Ahluwalias had a very ~~high~~ social status as they engaged in the sale of ~~weapons~~. Their professional name was ~~Ahluwalias~~. [...] The entire community then laid claim to the title of Kshatriyas...".}}</ref> In the 18th century, the Sikh chief [[Jassa Singh Ahluwalia]], who belonged to the ~~sandhu~~ caste, adopted the surname "Ahluwalia" after the name of his ancestral village. His descendants became the ruling dynasty of the [[Kapurthala State]]. In the late 19th century, other ~~jatts~~ also adopted the Ahluwalia identity, as part of a [[Sanskritisation]] process to improve their social status, resulting in the formation of the Ahluwalia caste.<ref name="WHMcLeod_2009">{{cite book \|author=W. H. McLeod \|title=The A to Z of Sikhism \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vgixwfeCyDAC&pg=PA6 \|year=2009 \|publisher=Scarecrow Press \|isbn=978-0-8108-6344-6 \|page=6 }}</ref> They gave up their traditional occupations, as they gained political power and as the [[British Raj\|colonial British]] administration started regulating distribution and sale of liquor.<ref name="Donald_1968">{{cite book \|author=Donald Anthony Low \|title=Soundings in Modern South Asian History \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WfD02m8q8eYC&pg=PA70 \|year=1968 \|publisher=University of California Press \|pages=70–71 \|oclc=612533097 }}</ref> This attempt was successful, and the Ahluwalias came to be considered equal to the high-ranked [[Khatri]]s in the caste hierarchy.<ref name="WHMcLeod_2009"/> The Kalals took up new occupations, and in particular, a large number of Ahluwalias served in the army.<ref name="Donald_1968"/>		The Ahluwalias originally belonged to the [[Kalwar (caste)\|Kalal]] caste, whose traditional occupation was brewing [[desi daru\|country liquor]].<ref name="WHMcLeod_2009"/><ref name="Paramjit_2015">{{cite journal \|author=Paramjit S. Judge \|title=Caste Hierarchy, Dominance, and Change in Punjab \|journal=Sociological Bulletin \|volume=64 \|issue=1 \|year=2015 \|page=62 \|publisher=Sage \|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/26290720 \|quote=Ahluwalias, formerly known by the name of Kalal, are a caste of liquor distillers. At present, they are upper caste without any traditional stigma. }}</ref> The Kalals held a low status in the traditional caste hierarchy, close to the [[Dalit\|outcastes]].<ref name="WHMcLeod_2009"/><ref name="Dev_1961">{{cite journal \|author=Dev Raj Chanana \|title=Sanskritisation, Westernisation and India's North-West \|journal=The Economic Weekly \|volume=VIII \|issue=9 \|date=1961-03-04 \|url=https://www.epw.in/system/files/pdf/1961_13/9/sanskritisation_westernisation_and_india_s_northwest.pdf \|page=410 \|quote=The Ahluwalias had a very low social status as they engaged in the distillation and sale of liquor. Their professional name was Kalal. [...] They got the chance to improve their social status, when one of their castes was able to carve out the state of Kapurthala for himself. The entire community then laid claim to the title of Kshatriyas...".}}</ref> In the 18th century, the Sikh chief [[Jassa Singh Ahluwalia]], who belonged to the Kalal caste, adopted the surname "Ahluwalia" after the name of his ancestral village. His descendants became the ruling dynasty of the [[Kapurthala State]]. In the late 19th century, other Kalals also adopted the Ahluwalia identity, as part of a [[Sanskritisation]] process to improve their social status, resulting in the formation of the Ahluwalia caste.<ref name="WHMcLeod_2009">{{cite book \|author=W. H. McLeod \|title=The A to Z of Sikhism \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vgixwfeCyDAC&pg=PA6 \|year=2009 \|publisher=Scarecrow Press \|isbn=978-0-8108-6344-6 \|page=6 }}</ref> They gave up their traditional occupations, as they gained political power and as the [[British Raj\|colonial British]] administration started regulating distribution and sale of liquor.<ref name="Donald_1968">{{cite book \|author=Donald Anthony Low \|title=Soundings in Modern South Asian History \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WfD02m8q8eYC&pg=PA70 \|year=1968 \|publisher=University of California Press \|pages=70–71 \|oclc=612533097 }}</ref> This attempt was successful, and the Ahluwalias came to be considered equal to the high-ranked [[Khatri]]s in the caste hierarchy.<ref name="WHMcLeod_2009"/> The Kalals took up new occupations, and in particular, a large number of Ahluwalias served in the army.<ref name="Donald_1968"/>

	Some of the Ahluwalias further tried to enhance their social status by claiming [[Khatri]] or [[Rajput]] descent.<ref name="Donald_1968"/> For example, a legendary account traces the ancestry of the Kapurthala royal family to the Bhatti Rajput royal family of [[Jaisalmer State\|Jaisalmer]] (and ultimately to [[Krishna]] through [[Shalivahana\|Salibahan]]). According to this narrative, a group of Bhattis migrated to Punjab, where they came to be known as [[Jats]], and became Sikhs. The account states that Sadho Singh and his four sons married into Kalal families, because of which the family came to be known as Ahluwalia.<ref name="Ganda_1990">{{cite book \|author=Ganda Singh \|title=Sardar Jassa Singh Ahluwalia \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=f4ZHAAAAMAAJ \|year=1990 \|publisher=Punjabi University \|pages=1–4 }}</ref> [[Lepel Griffin]] (1873), a British administrator who wrote on the history of Punjab's rulers, dismissed this account connecting the Ahluwalias to the Jaisalmer royal family as spurious.<ref name="Ganda_1990"/> The Sikh author Gian Singh, in his ''[[Twarikh Guru Khalsa\|Twarikh Raj Khalsa]]'' (1894), noted that the Ahluwalia family had adopted the Kalal caste identity much before Sadho Singh.<ref>{{cite book \|author=M. L. Ahluwalia\|title=Land marks in Sikh history \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1DduAAAAMAAJ \|year=1996 \|publisher=Ashoka International \|page=37 }}</ref>		Some of the Ahluwalias further tried to enhance their social status by claiming [[Khatri]] or [[Rajput]] descent.<ref name="Donald_1968"/> For example, a legendary account traces the ancestry of the Kapurthala royal family to the Bhatti Rajput royal family of [[Jaisalmer State\|Jaisalmer]] (and ultimately to [[Krishna]] through [[Shalivahana\|Salibahan]]). According to this narrative, a group of Bhattis migrated to Punjab, where they came to be known as [[Jats]], and became Sikhs. The account states that Sadho Singh and his four sons married into Kalal families, because of which the family came to be known as Ahluwalia.<ref name="Ganda_1990">{{cite book \|author=Ganda Singh \|title=Sardar Jassa Singh Ahluwalia \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=f4ZHAAAAMAAJ \|year=1990 \|publisher=Punjabi University \|pages=1–4 }}</ref> [[Lepel Griffin]] (1873), a British administrator who wrote on the history of Punjab's rulers, dismissed this account connecting the Ahluwalias to the Jaisalmer royal family as spurious.<ref name="Ganda_1990"/> The Sikh author Gian Singh, in his ''[[Twarikh Guru Khalsa\|Twarikh Raj Khalsa]]'' (1894), noted that the Ahluwalia family had adopted the Kalal caste identity much before Sadho Singh.<ref>{{cite book \|author=M. L. Ahluwalia\|title=Land marks in Sikh history \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1DduAAAAMAAJ \|year=1996 \|publisher=Ashoka International \|page=37 }}</ref>

162.158.235.69: I deleted false information because i m ahluwalia leader some of people have written wrong about them in funny way i made that to right. U should lock this page now otherwise people will change it again . They are defaming ahluwalias by false information. Thanks

2022-05-16T10:20:38Z

I deleted false information because i m ahluwalia leader some of people have written wrong about them in funny way i made that to right. U should lock this page now otherwise people will change it again . They are defaming ahluwalias by false information. Thanks

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:50, 16 May 2022
Line 2:		Line 2:
	'''Ahluwalia''' (also transliterated as '''Ahluvalia''') is an [[Indian caste system\|Indian caste]] native to the [[Punjab (India)\|Punjab]] region.<ref name="WHMcLeod_2009"/><ref name="Paramjit_2015"/>		'''Ahluwalia''' (also transliterated as '''Ahluvalia''') is an [[Indian caste system\|Indian caste]] native to the [[Punjab (India)\|Punjab]] region.<ref name="WHMcLeod_2009"/><ref name="Paramjit_2015"/>

	The Ahluwalias originally ~~belonged~~ to the [[~~Kalwar~~ (caste)\|~~Kalal~~]] caste, whose traditional occupation was brewing [[~~desi daru~~\|country ~~liquor~~]].<ref name="WHMcLeod_2009"/><ref name="Paramjit_2015">{{cite journal \|author=Paramjit S. Judge \|title=Caste Hierarchy, Dominance, and Change in Punjab \|journal=Sociological Bulletin \|volume=64 \|issue=1 \|year=2015 \|page=62 \|publisher=Sage \|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/26290720 \|quote=Ahluwalias, formerly known by the name of ~~Kalal~~, are a caste of ~~liquor distillers~~. At present, they are upper caste without any traditional stigma. }}</ref> The ~~Kalals~~ held a ~~low~~ status in the ~~traditional~~ caste hierarchy~~, close to the [[Dalit\|outcastes]]~~.<ref name="WHMcLeod_2009"/><ref name="Dev_1961">{{cite journal \|author=Dev Raj Chanana \|title=Sanskritisation, Westernisation and India's North-West \|journal=The Economic Weekly \|volume=VIII \|issue=9 \|date=1961-03-04 \|url=https://www.epw.in/system/files/pdf/1961_13/9/sanskritisation_westernisation_and_india_s_northwest.pdf \|page=410 \|quote=The Ahluwalias had a very ~~low~~ social status as they engaged in the ~~distillation and~~ sale of ~~liquor~~. Their professional name was ~~Kalal~~. [...] ~~They got the chance to improve their social status, when one of their castes was able to carve out the state of Kapurthala for himself.~~ The entire community then laid claim to the title of Kshatriyas...".}}</ref> In the 18th century, the Sikh chief [[Jassa Singh Ahluwalia]], who belonged to the ~~Kalal~~ caste, adopted the surname "Ahluwalia" after the name of his ancestral village. His descendants became the ruling dynasty of the [[Kapurthala State]]. In the late 19th century, other ~~Kalals~~ also adopted the Ahluwalia identity, as part of a [[Sanskritisation]] process to improve their social status, resulting in the formation of the Ahluwalia caste.<ref name="WHMcLeod_2009">{{cite book \|author=W. H. McLeod \|title=The A to Z of Sikhism \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vgixwfeCyDAC&pg=PA6 \|year=2009 \|publisher=Scarecrow Press \|isbn=978-0-8108-6344-6 \|page=6 }}</ref> They gave up their traditional occupations, as they gained political power and as the [[British Raj\|colonial British]] administration started regulating distribution and sale of liquor.<ref name="Donald_1968">{{cite book \|author=Donald Anthony Low \|title=Soundings in Modern South Asian History \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WfD02m8q8eYC&pg=PA70 \|year=1968 \|publisher=University of California Press \|pages=70–71 \|oclc=612533097 }}</ref> This attempt was successful, and the Ahluwalias came to be considered equal to the high-ranked [[Khatri]]s in the caste hierarchy.<ref name="WHMcLeod_2009"/> The Kalals took up new occupations, and in particular, a large number of Ahluwalias served in the army.<ref name="Donald_1968"/>		The Ahluwalias originally belong to the [[jatt (caste)\|jatt]] caste, whose traditional occupation was brewing [[country food (caste)\|country food]].<ref name="WHMcLeod_2009"/><ref name="Paramjit_2015">{{cite journal \|author=Paramjit S. Judge \|title=Caste Hierarchy, Dominance, and Change in Punjab \|journal=Sociological Bulletin \|volume=64 \|issue=1 \|year=2015 \|page=62 \|publisher=Sage \|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/26290720 \|quote=Ahluwalias, formerly known by the name of jatts, are a caste of farmers. At present, they are upper caste without any traditional stigma. }}</ref> The jatts held a high status in the modern caste hierarchy.<ref name="WHMcLeod_2009"/><ref name="Dev_1961">{{cite journal \|author=Dev Raj Chanana \|title=Sanskritisation, Westernisation and India's North-West \|journal=The Economic Weekly \|volume=VIII \|issue=9 \|date=1961-03-04 \|url=https://www.epw.in/system/files/pdf/1961_13/9/sanskritisation_westernisation_and_india_s_northwest.pdf \|page=410 \|quote=The Ahluwalias had a very high social status as they engaged in the sale of weapons. Their professional name was Ahluwalias. [...] The entire community then laid claim to the title of Kshatriyas...".}}</ref> In the 18th century, the Sikh chief [[Jassa Singh Ahluwalia]], who belonged to the sandhu caste, adopted the surname "Ahluwalia" after the name of his ancestral village. His descendants became the ruling dynasty of the [[Kapurthala State]]. In the late 19th century, other jatts also adopted the Ahluwalia identity, as part of a [[Sanskritisation]] process to improve their social status, resulting in the formation of the Ahluwalia caste.<ref name="WHMcLeod_2009">{{cite book \|author=W. H. McLeod \|title=The A to Z of Sikhism \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vgixwfeCyDAC&pg=PA6 \|year=2009 \|publisher=Scarecrow Press \|isbn=978-0-8108-6344-6 \|page=6 }}</ref> They gave up their traditional occupations, as they gained political power and as the [[British Raj\|colonial British]] administration started regulating distribution and sale of liquor.<ref name="Donald_1968">{{cite book \|author=Donald Anthony Low \|title=Soundings in Modern South Asian History \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WfD02m8q8eYC&pg=PA70 \|year=1968 \|publisher=University of California Press \|pages=70–71 \|oclc=612533097 }}</ref> This attempt was successful, and the Ahluwalias came to be considered equal to the high-ranked [[Khatri]]s in the caste hierarchy.<ref name="WHMcLeod_2009"/> The Kalals took up new occupations, and in particular, a large number of Ahluwalias served in the army.<ref name="Donald_1968"/>

	Some of the Ahluwalias further tried to enhance their social status by claiming [[Khatri]] or [[Rajput]] descent.<ref name="Donald_1968"/> For example, a legendary account traces the ancestry of the Kapurthala royal family to the Bhatti Rajput royal family of [[Jaisalmer State\|Jaisalmer]] (and ultimately to [[Krishna]] through [[Shalivahana\|Salibahan]]). According to this narrative, a group of Bhattis migrated to Punjab, where they came to be known as [[Jats]], and became Sikhs. The account states that Sadho Singh and his four sons married into Kalal families, because of which the family came to be known as Ahluwalia.<ref name="Ganda_1990">{{cite book \|author=Ganda Singh \|title=Sardar Jassa Singh Ahluwalia \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=f4ZHAAAAMAAJ \|year=1990 \|publisher=Punjabi University \|pages=1–4 }}</ref> [[Lepel Griffin]] (1873), a British administrator who wrote on the history of Punjab's rulers, dismissed this account connecting the Ahluwalias to the Jaisalmer royal family as spurious.<ref name="Ganda_1990"/> The Sikh author Gian Singh, in his ''[[Twarikh Guru Khalsa\|Twarikh Raj Khalsa]]'' (1894), noted that the Ahluwalia family had adopted the Kalal caste identity much before Sadho Singh.<ref>{{cite book \|author=M. L. Ahluwalia\|title=Land marks in Sikh history \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1DduAAAAMAAJ \|year=1996 \|publisher=Ashoka International \|page=37 }}</ref>		Some of the Ahluwalias further tried to enhance their social status by claiming [[Khatri]] or [[Rajput]] descent.<ref name="Donald_1968"/> For example, a legendary account traces the ancestry of the Kapurthala royal family to the Bhatti Rajput royal family of [[Jaisalmer State\|Jaisalmer]] (and ultimately to [[Krishna]] through [[Shalivahana\|Salibahan]]). According to this narrative, a group of Bhattis migrated to Punjab, where they came to be known as [[Jats]], and became Sikhs. The account states that Sadho Singh and his four sons married into Kalal families, because of which the family came to be known as Ahluwalia.<ref name="Ganda_1990">{{cite book \|author=Ganda Singh \|title=Sardar Jassa Singh Ahluwalia \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=f4ZHAAAAMAAJ \|year=1990 \|publisher=Punjabi University \|pages=1–4 }}</ref> [[Lepel Griffin]] (1873), a British administrator who wrote on the history of Punjab's rulers, dismissed this account connecting the Ahluwalias to the Jaisalmer royal family as spurious.<ref name="Ganda_1990"/> The Sikh author Gian Singh, in his ''[[Twarikh Guru Khalsa\|Twarikh Raj Khalsa]]'' (1894), noted that the Ahluwalia family had adopted the Kalal caste identity much before Sadho Singh.<ref>{{cite book \|author=M. L. Ahluwalia\|title=Land marks in Sikh history \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1DduAAAAMAAJ \|year=1996 \|publisher=Ashoka International \|page=37 }}</ref>

WikiDwarf: Rv removal of sourced information.

2021-12-24T10:49:51Z

Rv removal of sourced information.

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:19, 24 December 2021
Line 2:		Line 2:
	'''Ahluwalia''' (also transliterated as '''Ahluvalia''') is an [[Indian caste system\|Indian caste]] native to the [[Punjab (India)\|Punjab]] region.<ref name="WHMcLeod_2009"/><ref name="Paramjit_2015"/>		'''Ahluwalia''' (also transliterated as '''Ahluvalia''') is an [[Indian caste system\|Indian caste]] native to the [[Punjab (India)\|Punjab]] region.<ref name="WHMcLeod_2009"/><ref name="Paramjit_2015"/>

	The Ahluwalias originally belonged to the [[Kalwar (caste)\|Kalal]] caste, whose traditional occupation was brewing [[desi daru\|country liquor]].Ahluwalias, formerly known by the name of Kalal, are a caste of liquor distillers. The Kalals held a low status in the traditional caste hierarchy, close to the [[Dalit]].		The Ahluwalias originally belonged to the [[Kalwar (caste)\|Kalal]] caste, whose traditional occupation was brewing [[desi daru\|country liquor]].<ref name="WHMcLeod_2009"/><ref name="Paramjit_2015">{{cite journal \|author=Paramjit S. Judge \|title=Caste Hierarchy, Dominance, and Change in Punjab \|journal=Sociological Bulletin \|volume=64 \|issue=1 \|year=2015 \|page=62 \|publisher=Sage \|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/26290720 \|quote=Ahluwalias, formerly known by the name of Kalal, are a caste of liquor distillers. At present, they are upper caste without any traditional stigma. }}</ref> The Kalals held a low status in the traditional caste hierarchy, close to the [[Dalit\|outcastes]].<ref name="WHMcLeod_2009"/><ref name="Dev_1961">{{cite journal \|author=Dev Raj Chanana \|title=Sanskritisation, Westernisation and India's North-West \|journal=The Economic Weekly \|volume=VIII \|issue=9 \|date=1961-03-04 \|url=https://www.epw.in/system/files/pdf/1961_13/9/sanskritisation_westernisation_and_india_s_northwest.pdf \|page=410 \|quote=The Ahluwalias had a very low social status as they engaged in the distillation and sale of liquor. Their professional name was Kalal. [...] They got the chance to improve their social status, when one of their castes was able to carve out the state of Kapurthala for himself. The entire community then laid claim to the title of Kshatriyas...".}}</ref> In the 18th century, the Sikh chief [[Jassa Singh Ahluwalia]], who belonged to the Kalal caste, adopted the surname "Ahluwalia" after the name of his ancestral village. His descendants became the ruling dynasty of the [[Kapurthala State]]. In the late 19th century, other Kalals also adopted the Ahluwalia identity, as part of a [[Sanskritisation]] process to improve their social status, resulting in the formation of the Ahluwalia caste.<ref name="WHMcLeod_2009">{{cite book \|author=W. H. McLeod \|title=The A to Z of Sikhism \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vgixwfeCyDAC&pg=PA6 \|year=2009 \|publisher=Scarecrow Press \|isbn=978-0-8108-6344-6 \|page=6 }}</ref> They gave up their traditional occupations, as they gained political power and as the [[British Raj\|colonial British]] administration started regulating distribution and sale of liquor.<ref name="Donald_1968">{{cite book \|author=Donald Anthony Low \|title=Soundings in Modern South Asian History \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WfD02m8q8eYC&pg=PA70 \|year=1968 \|publisher=University of California Press \|pages=70–71 \|oclc=612533097 }}</ref> This attempt was successful, and the Ahluwalias came to be considered equal to the high-ranked [[Khatri]]s in the caste hierarchy.<ref name="WHMcLeod_2009"/> The Kalals took up new occupations, and in particular, a large number of Ahluwalias served in the army.<ref name="Donald_1968"/>

			Some of the Ahluwalias further tried to enhance their social status by claiming [[Khatri]] or [[Rajput]] descent.<ref name="Donald_1968"/> For example, a legendary account traces the ancestry of the Kapurthala royal family to the Bhatti Rajput royal family of [[Jaisalmer State\|Jaisalmer]] (and ultimately to [[Krishna]] through [[Shalivahana\|Salibahan]]). According to this narrative, a group of Bhattis migrated to Punjab, where they came to be known as [[Jats]], and became Sikhs. The account states that Sadho Singh and his four sons married into Kalal families, because of which the family came to be known as Ahluwalia.<ref name="Ganda_1990">{{cite book \|author=Ganda Singh \|title=Sardar Jassa Singh Ahluwalia \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=f4ZHAAAAMAAJ \|year=1990 \|publisher=Punjabi University \|pages=1–4 }}</ref> [[Lepel Griffin]] (1873), a British administrator who wrote on the history of Punjab's rulers, dismissed this account connecting the Ahluwalias to the Jaisalmer royal family as spurious.<ref name="Ganda_1990"/> The Sikh author Gian Singh, in his ''[[Twarikh Guru Khalsa\|Twarikh Raj Khalsa]]'' (1894), noted that the Ahluwalia family had adopted the Kalal caste identity much before Sadho Singh.<ref>{{cite book \|author=M. L. Ahluwalia\|title=Land marks in Sikh history \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1DduAAAAMAAJ \|year=1996 \|publisher=Ashoka International \|page=37 }}</ref>

	Most of the Ahluwalias follow either [[Sikhism]] or [[Hinduism]].<ref name="WHMcLeod_2009"/><ref>{{cite book \|author=Jogindra Singh Gandhi \|title=Lawyers and Touts: A Study in the Sociology of Legal Profession \|url=https://www.google.ca/books/edition/Lawyers_and_Touts/FGmPAAAAMAAJ \|publisher=Hindustan \|year=1982 \|page=64 \|quote=Ahluwalia are bi-religious, having both Hindu and Sikh members }}</ref>		Most of the Ahluwalias follow either [[Sikhism]] or [[Hinduism]].<ref name="WHMcLeod_2009"/><ref>{{cite book \|author=Jogindra Singh Gandhi \|title=Lawyers and Touts: A Study in the Sociology of Legal Profession \|url=https://www.google.ca/books/edition/Lawyers_and_Touts/FGmPAAAAMAAJ \|publisher=Hindustan \|year=1982 \|page=64 \|quote=Ahluwalia are bi-religious, having both Hindu and Sikh members }}</ref>

2405:204:7:ABB3:F980:5826:3279:D53A at 10:25, 24 December 2021

2021-12-24T10:25:29Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:55, 24 December 2021
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	'''Ahluwalia''' (also transliterated as '''Ahluvalia''') is an [[Indian caste system\|Indian caste]] native to the [[Punjab (India)\|Punjab]] region.<ref name="WHMcLeod_2009"/><ref name="Paramjit_2015"/>		'''Ahluwalia''' (also transliterated as '''Ahluvalia''') is an [[Indian caste system\|Indian caste]] native to the [[Punjab (India)\|Punjab]] region.<ref name="WHMcLeod_2009"/><ref name="Paramjit_2015"/>

	The Ahluwalias originally belonged to the [[Kalwar (caste)\|Kalal]] caste, whose traditional occupation was brewing [[desi daru\|country liquor]].<ref name="WHMcLeod_2009"/><ref name="Paramjit_2015">{{cite journal \|author=Paramjit S. Judge \|title=Caste Hierarchy, Dominance, and Change in Punjab \|journal=Sociological Bulletin \|volume=64 \|issue=1 \|year=2015 \|page=62 \|publisher=Sage \|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/26290720 \|quote=Ahluwalias, formerly known by the name of Kalal, are a caste of liquor distillers. The Kalals held a low status in the traditional caste hierarchy, close to the [[Dalit]].		The Ahluwalias originally belonged to the [[Kalwar (caste)\|Kalal]] caste, whose traditional occupation was brewing [[desi daru\|country liquor]].Ahluwalias, formerly known by the name of Kalal, are a caste of liquor distillers. The Kalals held a low status in the traditional caste hierarchy, close to the [[Dalit]].

	Most of the Ahluwalias follow either [[Sikhism]] or [[Hinduism]].<ref name="WHMcLeod_2009"/><ref>{{cite book \|author=Jogindra Singh Gandhi \|title=Lawyers and Touts: A Study in the Sociology of Legal Profession \|url=https://www.google.ca/books/edition/Lawyers_and_Touts/FGmPAAAAMAAJ \|publisher=Hindustan \|year=1982 \|page=64 \|quote=Ahluwalia are bi-religious, having both Hindu and Sikh members }}</ref>		Most of the Ahluwalias follow either [[Sikhism]] or [[Hinduism]].<ref name="WHMcLeod_2009"/><ref>{{cite book \|author=Jogindra Singh Gandhi \|title=Lawyers and Touts: A Study in the Sociology of Legal Profession \|url=https://www.google.ca/books/edition/Lawyers_and_Touts/FGmPAAAAMAAJ \|publisher=Hindustan \|year=1982 \|page=64 \|quote=Ahluwalia are bi-religious, having both Hindu and Sikh members }}</ref>

2405:204:7:ABB3:F980:5826:3279:D53A at 10:24, 24 December 2021

2021-12-24T10:24:50Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:54, 24 December 2021
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	'''Ahluwalia''' (also transliterated as '''Ahluvalia''') is an [[Indian caste system\|Indian caste]] native to the [[Punjab (India)\|Punjab]] region.<ref name="WHMcLeod_2009"/><ref name="Paramjit_2015"/>		'''Ahluwalia''' (also transliterated as '''Ahluvalia''') is an [[Indian caste system\|Indian caste]] native to the [[Punjab (India)\|Punjab]] region.<ref name="WHMcLeod_2009"/><ref name="Paramjit_2015"/>

	The Ahluwalias originally belonged to the [[Kalwar (caste)\|Kalal]] caste, whose traditional occupation was brewing [[desi daru\|country liquor]].<ref name="WHMcLeod_2009"/><ref name="Paramjit_2015">{{cite journal \|author=Paramjit S. Judge \|title=Caste Hierarchy, Dominance, and Change in Punjab \|journal=Sociological Bulletin \|volume=64 \|issue=1 \|year=2015 \|page=62 \|publisher=Sage \|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/26290720 \|quote=Ahluwalias, formerly known by the name of Kalal, are a caste of liquor distillers. ~~At present, they are upper caste without any traditional stigma. }}</ref>~~ The Kalals held a low status in the traditional caste hierarchy, close to the [[Dalit\|outcastes]].<ref name="WHMcLeod_2009"/><ref name="Dev_1961">{{cite journal \|author=Dev Raj Chanana \|title=Sanskritisation, Westernisation and India's North-West \|journal=The Economic Weekly \|volume=VIII \|issue=9 \|date=1961-03-04 \|url=https://www.epw.in/system/files/pdf/1961_13/9/sanskritisation_westernisation_and_india_s_northwest.pdf \|page=410 \|quote=The Ahluwalias had a very low social status as they engaged in the distillation and sale of liquor. Their professional name was Kalal. [...] They got the chance to improve their social status, when one of their castes was able to carve out the state of Kapurthala for himself. The entire community then laid claim to the title of Kshatriyas...".}}</ref> In the 18th century, the Sikh chief [[Jassa Singh Ahluwalia]], who belonged to the Kalal caste, adopted the surname "Ahluwalia" after the name of his ancestral village. His descendants became the ruling dynasty of the [[Kapurthala State]]. In the late 19th century, other Kalals also adopted the Ahluwalia identity, as part of a [[Sanskritisation]] process to improve their social status, resulting in the formation of the Ahluwalia caste.<ref name="WHMcLeod_2009">{{cite book \|author=W. H. McLeod \|title=The A to Z of Sikhism \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vgixwfeCyDAC&pg=PA6 \|year=2009 \|publisher=Scarecrow Press \|isbn=978-0-8108-6344-6 \|page=6 }}</ref> They gave up their traditional occupations, as they gained political power and as the [[British Raj\|colonial British]] administration started regulating distribution and sale of liquor.<ref name="Donald_1968">{{cite book \|author=Donald Anthony Low \|title=Soundings in Modern South Asian History \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WfD02m8q8eYC&pg=PA70 \|year=1968 \|publisher=University of California Press \|pages=70–71 \|oclc=612533097 }}</ref> This attempt was successful, and the Ahluwalias came to be considered equal to the high-ranked [[Khatri]]s in the caste hierarchy.<ref name="WHMcLeod_2009"/> The Kalals took up new occupations, and in particular, a large number of Ahluwalias served in the army.<ref name="Donald_1968"/>		The Ahluwalias originally belonged to the [[Kalwar (caste)\|Kalal]] caste, whose traditional occupation was brewing [[desi daru\|country liquor]].<ref name="WHMcLeod_2009"/><ref name="Paramjit_2015">{{cite journal \|author=Paramjit S. Judge \|title=Caste Hierarchy, Dominance, and Change in Punjab \|journal=Sociological Bulletin \|volume=64 \|issue=1 \|year=2015 \|page=62 \|publisher=Sage \|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/26290720 \|quote=Ahluwalias, formerly known by the name of Kalal, are a caste of liquor distillers. The Kalals held a low status in the traditional caste hierarchy, close to the [[Dalit]].

	Some of the Ahluwalias further tried to enhance their social status by claiming [[Khatri]] or [[Rajput]] descent.<ref name="Donald_1968"/> For example, a legendary account traces the ancestry of the Kapurthala royal family to the Bhatti Rajput royal family of [[Jaisalmer State\|Jaisalmer]] (and ultimately to [[Krishna]] through [[Shalivahana\|Salibahan]]). According to this narrative, a group of Bhattis migrated to Punjab, where they came to be known as [[Jats]], and became Sikhs. The account states that Sadho Singh and his four sons married into Kalal families, because of which the family came to be known as Ahluwalia.<ref name="Ganda_1990">{{cite book \|author=Ganda Singh \|title=Sardar Jassa Singh Ahluwalia \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=f4ZHAAAAMAAJ \|year=1990 \|publisher=Punjabi University \|pages=1–4 }}</ref> [[Lepel Griffin]] (1873), a British administrator who wrote on the history of Punjab's rulers, dismissed this account connecting the Ahluwalias to the Jaisalmer royal family as spurious.<ref name="Ganda_1990"/> The Sikh author Gian Singh, in his ''[[Twarikh Guru Khalsa\|Twarikh Raj Khalsa]]'' (1894), noted that the Ahluwalia family had adopted the Kalal caste identity much before Sadho Singh.<ref>{{cite book \|author=M. L. Ahluwalia\|title=Land marks in Sikh history \|url=https://books.google.~~com/books?id=1DduAAAAMAAJ \|year=1996 \|publisher=Ashoka International \|page=37 }}</ref>~~

	Most of the Ahluwalias follow either [[Sikhism]] or [[Hinduism]].<ref name="WHMcLeod_2009"/><ref>{{cite book \|author=Jogindra Singh Gandhi \|title=Lawyers and Touts: A Study in the Sociology of Legal Profession \|url=https://www.google.ca/books/edition/Lawyers_and_Touts/FGmPAAAAMAAJ \|publisher=Hindustan \|year=1982 \|page=64 \|quote=Ahluwalia are bi-religious, having both Hindu and Sikh members }}</ref>		Most of the Ahluwalias follow either [[Sikhism]] or [[Hinduism]].<ref name="WHMcLeod_2009"/><ref>{{cite book \|author=Jogindra Singh Gandhi \|title=Lawyers and Touts: A Study in the Sociology of Legal Profession \|url=https://www.google.ca/books/edition/Lawyers_and_Touts/FGmPAAAAMAAJ \|publisher=Hindustan \|year=1982 \|page=64 \|quote=Ahluwalia are bi-religious, having both Hindu and Sikh members }}</ref>

← Older revision		Revision as of 22:44, 31 October 2025
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	{{short description\|Indian caste}}		{{short description\|Indian caste}}
			{{pp-extended\|small=yes}}
	'''Ahluwalia''' (also transliterated as '''Ahluvalia''') is an [[Indian caste system\|Indian caste]] native to the [[Punjab (India)\|Punjab]] region.<ref name="WHMcLeod_2009"/><ref name="Paramjit_2015"/>		'''Ahluwalia''' (also transliterated as '''Ahluvalia''') is an [[Indian caste system\|Indian caste]] native to the [[Punjab (India)\|Punjab]] region.<ref name="WHMcLeod_2009"/><ref name="Paramjit_2015"/>

			==History==
	The Ahluwalias originally belonged to the [[Kalwar (caste)\|Kalal]] caste, whose traditional occupation was brewing [[desi daru\|country liquor]].<ref name="WHMcLeod_2009"/><ref name="Paramjit_2015">{{cite journal \|author=Paramjit S. Judge \|title=Caste Hierarchy, Dominance, and Change in Punjab \|journal=Sociological Bulletin \|volume=64 \|issue=1 \|year=2015 \|page=62 \|publisher=Sage \|jstor=26290720 \|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/26290720 \|quote=Ahluwalias, formerly known by the name of Kalal, are a caste of liquor distillers. At present, they are upper caste without any traditional stigma. }}</ref> The Kalals held a low status in the traditional caste hierarchy, close to the [[Dalit\|outcastes]].<ref name="WHMcLeod_2009"/><ref name="Dev_1961">{{cite journal \|author=Dev Raj Chanana \|title=Sanskritisation, Westernisation and India's North-West \|journal=The Economic Weekly \|volume=VIII \|issue=9 \|date=1961-03-04 \|url=https://www.epw.in/system/files/pdf/1961_13/9/sanskritisation_westernisation_and_india_s_northwest.pdf \|page=410 \|quote=The Ahluwalias had a very low social status as they engaged in the distillation and sale of liquor. Their professional name was Kalal. [...] They got the chance to improve their social status, when one of their castes was able to carve out the state of Kapurthala for himself. The entire community then laid claim to the title of Kshatriyas...".}}</ref> In the 18th century, the Sikh chief [[Jassa Singh Ahluwalia]], who belonged to the Kalal caste, adopted the surname "Ahluwalia" after the name of his ancestral village. His descendants became the ruling dynasty of the [[Kapurthala State]]. In the late 19th century, other Kalals also adopted the Ahluwalia identity, as part of a [[Sanskritisation]] process to improve their social status, resulting in the formation of the Ahluwalia caste.<ref name="WHMcLeod_2009">{{cite book \|author=W. H. McLeod \|title=The A to Z of Sikhism \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vgixwfeCyDAC&pg=PA6 \|year=2009 \|publisher=Scarecrow Press \|isbn=978-0-8108-6344-6 \|page=6 }}</ref> They gave up their traditional occupations, as they gained political power and as the [[British Raj\|colonial British]] administration started regulating distribution and sale of liquor.<ref name="Donald_1968">{{cite book \|author=Donald Anthony Low \|title=Soundings in Modern South Asian History \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WfD02m8q8eYC&pg=PA70 \|year=1968 \|publisher=University of California Press \|pages=70–71 \|oclc=612533097 \|language=en}}</ref> This attempt was successful, and the Ahluwalias came to be considered equal to the high-ranked [[Khatri]]s in the caste hierarchy.<ref name="WHMcLeod_2009"/> The Kalals took up new occupations, and in particular, a large number of Ahluwalias served in the army.<ref name="Donald_1968"/>		The Ahluwalias originally belonged to the [[Kalwar (caste)\|Kalal]] caste, whose traditional occupation was brewing [[desi daru\|country liquor]].<ref name="WHMcLeod_2009"/><ref name="Paramjit_2015">{{cite journal \|author=Paramjit S. Judge \|title=Caste Hierarchy, Dominance, and Change in Punjab \|journal=Sociological Bulletin \|volume=64 \|issue=1 \|year=2015 \|page=62 \|publisher=Sage \|jstor=26290720 \|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/26290720 \|quote=Ahluwalias, formerly known by the name of Kalal, are a caste of liquor distillers. At present, they are upper caste without any traditional stigma. }}</ref> The Kalals held a low status in the traditional caste hierarchy, close to the [[Dalit\|outcastes]].<ref name="WHMcLeod_2009"/><ref name="Dev_1961">{{cite journal \|author=Dev Raj Chanana \|title=Sanskritisation, Westernisation and India's North-West \|journal=The Economic Weekly \|volume=VIII \|issue=9 \|date=1961-03-04 \|url=https://www.epw.in/system/files/pdf/1961_13/9/sanskritisation_westernisation_and_india_s_northwest.pdf \|page=410 \|quote=The Ahluwalias had a very low social status as they engaged in the distillation and sale of liquor. Their professional name was Kalal. [...] They got the chance to improve their social status, when one of their castes was able to carve out the state of Kapurthala for himself. The entire community then laid claim to the title of Kshatriyas...".}}</ref> In the 18th century, the Sikh chief [[Jassa Singh Ahluwalia]], who belonged to the Kalal caste, adopted the surname "Ahluwalia" after the name of his ancestral village. His descendants became the ruling dynasty of the [[Kapurthala State]]. In the late 19th century, other Kalals also adopted the Ahluwalia identity, as part of a [[Sanskritisation]] process to improve their social status, resulting in the formation of the Ahluwalia caste.<ref name="WHMcLeod_2009">{{cite book \|author=W. H. McLeod \|title=The A to Z of Sikhism \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vgixwfeCyDAC&pg=PA6 \|year=2009 \|publisher=Scarecrow Press \|isbn=978-0-8108-6344-6 \|page=6 }}</ref> They gave up their traditional occupations, as they gained political power and as the [[British Raj\|colonial British]] administration started regulating distribution and sale of liquor.<ref name="Donald_1968">{{cite book \|author=Donald Anthony Low \|title=Soundings in Modern South Asian History \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WfD02m8q8eYC&pg=PA70 \|year=1968 \|publisher=University of California Press \|pages=70–71 \|oclc=612533097 \|language=en}}</ref> This attempt was successful, and the Ahluwalias came to be considered equal to the high-ranked [[Khatri]]s in the caste hierarchy.<ref name="WHMcLeod_2009"/> The Kalals took up new occupations, and in particular, a large number of Ahluwalias served in the army.<ref name="Donald_1968"/>

	Some of the Ahluwalias further tried to enhance their social status by claiming [[Khatri]] or [[Rajput]] descent.<ref name="Donald_1968"/> For example, a legendary account traces the ancestry of the Kapurthala royal family to the Bhatti Rajput royal family of [[Jaisalmer State\|Jaisalmer]] (and ultimately to [[Krishna]] through [[Shalivahana\|Salibahan]]). According to this narrative, a group of Bhattis migrated to Punjab, where they came to be known as [[Jats]], and became Sikhs. The account states that Sadho Singh and his four sons married into Kalal families, because of which the family came to be known as Ahluwalia.<ref name="Ganda_1990">{{cite book \|author=Ganda Singh \|title=Sardar Jassa Singh Ahluwalia \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=f4ZHAAAAMAAJ \|year=1990 \|publisher=Punjabi University \|pages=1–4 }}</ref> [[Lepel Griffin]] (1873), a British administrator who wrote on the history of Punjab's rulers, dismissed this account connecting the Ahluwalias to the Jaisalmer royal family as spurious.<ref name="Ganda_1990"/> The Sikh author Gian Singh, in his ''[[Twarikh Guru Khalsa\|Twarikh Raj Khalsa]]'' (1894), noted that the Ahluwalia family had adopted the Kalal caste identity much before Sadho Singh.<ref>{{cite book \|author=M. L. Ahluwalia\|title=Land marks in Sikh history \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1DduAAAAMAAJ \|year=1996 \|publisher=Ashoka International \|page=37 }}</ref>		Some of the Ahluwalias further tried to enhance their social status by claiming [[Khatri]] or [[Rajput]] descent.<ref name="Donald_1968"/> For example, a legendary account traces the ancestry of the Kapurthala royal family to the Bhatti Rajput royal family of [[Jaisalmer State\|Jaisalmer]] (and ultimately to [[Krishna]] through [[Shalivahana\|Salibahan]]). According to this narrative, a group of Bhattis migrated to Punjab, where they came to be known as [[Jats]], and became Sikhs. The account states that Sadho Singh and his four sons married into Kalal families, because of which the family came to be known as Ahluwalia.<ref name="Ganda_1990">{{cite book \|author=Ganda Singh \|title=Sardar Jassa Singh Ahluwalia \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=f4ZHAAAAMAAJ \|year=1990 \|publisher=Punjabi University \|pages=1–4}}</ref> [[Lepel Griffin]] (1873), a British administrator who wrote on the history of Punjab's rulers, dismissed this account connecting the Ahluwalias to the Jaisalmer royal family as spurious.<ref name="Ganda_1990"/> The Sikh author Gian Singh, in his ''[[Twarikh Guru Khalsa\|Twarikh Raj Khalsa]]'' (1894), noted that the Ahluwalia family had adopted the Kalal caste identity much before Sadho Singh.<ref>{{cite book \|author=M. L. Ahluwalia\|title=Land marks in Sikh history \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1DduAAAAMAAJ \|year=1996 \|publisher=Ashoka International \|page=37 }}</ref>

	Most of the Ahluwalias follow either [[Sikhism]] or [[Hinduism]].<ref name="WHMcLeod_2009"/><ref>{{cite book \|author=Jogindra Singh Gandhi \|title=Lawyers and Touts: A Study in the Sociology of Legal Profession \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FGmPAAAAMAAJ \|publisher=Hindustan \|year=1982 \|page=64 \|quote=Ahluwalia are bi-religious, having both Hindu and Sikh members \|language=en}}</ref>		Most of the Ahluwalias follow either [[Sikhism]] or [[Hinduism]].<ref name="WHMcLeod_2009"/><ref>{{cite book \|author=Jogindra Singh Gandhi \|title=Lawyers and Touts: A Study in the Sociology of Legal Profession \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FGmPAAAAMAAJ \|publisher=Hindustan \|year=1982 \|page=64 \|quote=Ahluwalia are bi-religious, having both Hindu and Sikh members \|language=en}}</ref>

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:41, 24 July 2023
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	~~{{pp\|small=yes}}~~
	{{short description\|Indian caste}}		{{short description\|Indian caste}}
	'''Ahluwalia''' (also transliterated as '''Ahluvalia''') is an [[Indian caste system\|Indian caste]] native to the [[Punjab (India)\|Punjab]] region.<ref name="WHMcLeod_2009"/><ref name="Paramjit_2015"/>		'''Ahluwalia''' (also transliterated as '''Ahluvalia''') is an [[Indian caste system\|Indian caste]] native to the [[Punjab (India)\|Punjab]] region.<ref name="WHMcLeod_2009"/><ref name="Paramjit_2015"/>

← Older revision		Revision as of 00:57, 2 July 2023
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	~~{{pp\|small=yes}}~~
	{{short description\|Indian caste}}		{{short description\|Indian caste}}
	'''Ahluwalia''' (also transliterated as '''Ahluvalia''') is an [[Indian caste system\|Indian caste]] native to the [[Punjab (India)\|Punjab]] region.<ref name="WHMcLeod_2009"/><ref name="Paramjit_2015"/>		'''Ahluwalia''' (also transliterated as '''Ahluvalia''') is an [[Indian caste system\|Indian caste]] native to the [[Punjab (India)\|Punjab]] region.<ref name="WHMcLeod_2009"/><ref name="Paramjit_2015"/>

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:59, 16 May 2022
Line 2:		Line 2:
	'''Ahluwalia''' (also transliterated as '''Ahluvalia''') is an [[Indian caste system\|Indian caste]] native to the [[Punjab (India)\|Punjab]] region.<ref name="WHMcLeod_2009"/><ref name="Paramjit_2015"/>		'''Ahluwalia''' (also transliterated as '''Ahluvalia''') is an [[Indian caste system\|Indian caste]] native to the [[Punjab (India)\|Punjab]] region.<ref name="WHMcLeod_2009"/><ref name="Paramjit_2015"/>

	The Ahluwalias originally ~~belong~~ to the [[~~jatt~~ (caste)\|~~jatt~~]] caste, whose traditional occupation was brewing [[~~country food (caste)~~\|country ~~food~~]].<ref name="WHMcLeod_2009"/><ref name="Paramjit_2015">{{cite journal \|author=Paramjit S. Judge \|title=Caste Hierarchy, Dominance, and Change in Punjab \|journal=Sociological Bulletin \|volume=64 \|issue=1 \|year=2015 \|page=62 \|publisher=Sage \|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/26290720 \|quote=Ahluwalias, formerly known by the name of ~~jatts~~, are a caste of ~~farmers~~. At present, they are upper caste without any traditional stigma. }}</ref> The ~~jatts~~ held a ~~high~~ status in the ~~modern~~ caste hierarchy.<ref name="WHMcLeod_2009"/><ref name="Dev_1961">{{cite journal \|author=Dev Raj Chanana \|title=Sanskritisation, Westernisation and India's North-West \|journal=The Economic Weekly \|volume=VIII \|issue=9 \|date=1961-03-04 \|url=https://www.epw.in/system/files/pdf/1961_13/9/sanskritisation_westernisation_and_india_s_northwest.pdf \|page=410 \|quote=The Ahluwalias had a very ~~high~~ social status as they engaged in the sale of ~~weapons~~. Their professional name was ~~Ahluwalias~~. [...] The entire community then laid claim to the title of Kshatriyas...".}}</ref> In the 18th century, the Sikh chief [[Jassa Singh Ahluwalia]], who belonged to the ~~sandhu~~ caste, adopted the surname "Ahluwalia" after the name of his ancestral village. His descendants became the ruling dynasty of the [[Kapurthala State]]. In the late 19th century, other ~~jatts~~ also adopted the Ahluwalia identity, as part of a [[Sanskritisation]] process to improve their social status, resulting in the formation of the Ahluwalia caste.<ref name="WHMcLeod_2009">{{cite book \|author=W. H. McLeod \|title=The A to Z of Sikhism \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vgixwfeCyDAC&pg=PA6 \|year=2009 \|publisher=Scarecrow Press \|isbn=978-0-8108-6344-6 \|page=6 }}</ref> They gave up their traditional occupations, as they gained political power and as the [[British Raj\|colonial British]] administration started regulating distribution and sale of liquor.<ref name="Donald_1968">{{cite book \|author=Donald Anthony Low \|title=Soundings in Modern South Asian History \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WfD02m8q8eYC&pg=PA70 \|year=1968 \|publisher=University of California Press \|pages=70–71 \|oclc=612533097 }}</ref> This attempt was successful, and the Ahluwalias came to be considered equal to the high-ranked [[Khatri]]s in the caste hierarchy.<ref name="WHMcLeod_2009"/> The Kalals took up new occupations, and in particular, a large number of Ahluwalias served in the army.<ref name="Donald_1968"/>		The Ahluwalias originally belonged to the [[Kalwar (caste)\|Kalal]] caste, whose traditional occupation was brewing [[desi daru\|country liquor]].<ref name="WHMcLeod_2009"/><ref name="Paramjit_2015">{{cite journal \|author=Paramjit S. Judge \|title=Caste Hierarchy, Dominance, and Change in Punjab \|journal=Sociological Bulletin \|volume=64 \|issue=1 \|year=2015 \|page=62 \|publisher=Sage \|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/26290720 \|quote=Ahluwalias, formerly known by the name of Kalal, are a caste of liquor distillers. At present, they are upper caste without any traditional stigma. }}</ref> The Kalals held a low status in the traditional caste hierarchy, close to the [[Dalit\|outcastes]].<ref name="WHMcLeod_2009"/><ref name="Dev_1961">{{cite journal \|author=Dev Raj Chanana \|title=Sanskritisation, Westernisation and India's North-West \|journal=The Economic Weekly \|volume=VIII \|issue=9 \|date=1961-03-04 \|url=https://www.epw.in/system/files/pdf/1961_13/9/sanskritisation_westernisation_and_india_s_northwest.pdf \|page=410 \|quote=The Ahluwalias had a very low social status as they engaged in the distillation and sale of liquor. Their professional name was Kalal. [...] They got the chance to improve their social status, when one of their castes was able to carve out the state of Kapurthala for himself. The entire community then laid claim to the title of Kshatriyas...".}}</ref> In the 18th century, the Sikh chief [[Jassa Singh Ahluwalia]], who belonged to the Kalal caste, adopted the surname "Ahluwalia" after the name of his ancestral village. His descendants became the ruling dynasty of the [[Kapurthala State]]. In the late 19th century, other Kalals also adopted the Ahluwalia identity, as part of a [[Sanskritisation]] process to improve their social status, resulting in the formation of the Ahluwalia caste.<ref name="WHMcLeod_2009">{{cite book \|author=W. H. McLeod \|title=The A to Z of Sikhism \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vgixwfeCyDAC&pg=PA6 \|year=2009 \|publisher=Scarecrow Press \|isbn=978-0-8108-6344-6 \|page=6 }}</ref> They gave up their traditional occupations, as they gained political power and as the [[British Raj\|colonial British]] administration started regulating distribution and sale of liquor.<ref name="Donald_1968">{{cite book \|author=Donald Anthony Low \|title=Soundings in Modern South Asian History \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WfD02m8q8eYC&pg=PA70 \|year=1968 \|publisher=University of California Press \|pages=70–71 \|oclc=612533097 }}</ref> This attempt was successful, and the Ahluwalias came to be considered equal to the high-ranked [[Khatri]]s in the caste hierarchy.<ref name="WHMcLeod_2009"/> The Kalals took up new occupations, and in particular, a large number of Ahluwalias served in the army.<ref name="Donald_1968"/>

	Some of the Ahluwalias further tried to enhance their social status by claiming [[Khatri]] or [[Rajput]] descent.<ref name="Donald_1968"/> For example, a legendary account traces the ancestry of the Kapurthala royal family to the Bhatti Rajput royal family of [[Jaisalmer State\|Jaisalmer]] (and ultimately to [[Krishna]] through [[Shalivahana\|Salibahan]]). According to this narrative, a group of Bhattis migrated to Punjab, where they came to be known as [[Jats]], and became Sikhs. The account states that Sadho Singh and his four sons married into Kalal families, because of which the family came to be known as Ahluwalia.<ref name="Ganda_1990">{{cite book \|author=Ganda Singh \|title=Sardar Jassa Singh Ahluwalia \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=f4ZHAAAAMAAJ \|year=1990 \|publisher=Punjabi University \|pages=1–4 }}</ref> [[Lepel Griffin]] (1873), a British administrator who wrote on the history of Punjab's rulers, dismissed this account connecting the Ahluwalias to the Jaisalmer royal family as spurious.<ref name="Ganda_1990"/> The Sikh author Gian Singh, in his ''[[Twarikh Guru Khalsa\|Twarikh Raj Khalsa]]'' (1894), noted that the Ahluwalia family had adopted the Kalal caste identity much before Sadho Singh.<ref>{{cite book \|author=M. L. Ahluwalia\|title=Land marks in Sikh history \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1DduAAAAMAAJ \|year=1996 \|publisher=Ashoka International \|page=37 }}</ref>		Some of the Ahluwalias further tried to enhance their social status by claiming [[Khatri]] or [[Rajput]] descent.<ref name="Donald_1968"/> For example, a legendary account traces the ancestry of the Kapurthala royal family to the Bhatti Rajput royal family of [[Jaisalmer State\|Jaisalmer]] (and ultimately to [[Krishna]] through [[Shalivahana\|Salibahan]]). According to this narrative, a group of Bhattis migrated to Punjab, where they came to be known as [[Jats]], and became Sikhs. The account states that Sadho Singh and his four sons married into Kalal families, because of which the family came to be known as Ahluwalia.<ref name="Ganda_1990">{{cite book \|author=Ganda Singh \|title=Sardar Jassa Singh Ahluwalia \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=f4ZHAAAAMAAJ \|year=1990 \|publisher=Punjabi University \|pages=1–4 }}</ref> [[Lepel Griffin]] (1873), a British administrator who wrote on the history of Punjab's rulers, dismissed this account connecting the Ahluwalias to the Jaisalmer royal family as spurious.<ref name="Ganda_1990"/> The Sikh author Gian Singh, in his ''[[Twarikh Guru Khalsa\|Twarikh Raj Khalsa]]'' (1894), noted that the Ahluwalia family had adopted the Kalal caste identity much before Sadho Singh.<ref>{{cite book \|author=M. L. Ahluwalia\|title=Land marks in Sikh history \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1DduAAAAMAAJ \|year=1996 \|publisher=Ashoka International \|page=37 }}</ref>

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	'''Ahluwalia''' (also transliterated as '''Ahluvalia''') is an [[Indian caste system\|Indian caste]] native to the [[Punjab (India)\|Punjab]] region.<ref name="WHMcLeod_2009"/><ref name="Paramjit_2015"/>		'''Ahluwalia''' (also transliterated as '''Ahluvalia''') is an [[Indian caste system\|Indian caste]] native to the [[Punjab (India)\|Punjab]] region.<ref name="WHMcLeod_2009"/><ref name="Paramjit_2015"/>

	The Ahluwalias originally ~~belonged~~ to the [[~~Kalwar~~ (caste)\|~~Kalal~~]] caste, whose traditional occupation was brewing [[~~desi daru~~\|country ~~liquor~~]].<ref name="WHMcLeod_2009"/><ref name="Paramjit_2015">{{cite journal \|author=Paramjit S. Judge \|title=Caste Hierarchy, Dominance, and Change in Punjab \|journal=Sociological Bulletin \|volume=64 \|issue=1 \|year=2015 \|page=62 \|publisher=Sage \|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/26290720 \|quote=Ahluwalias, formerly known by the name of ~~Kalal~~, are a caste of ~~liquor distillers~~. At present, they are upper caste without any traditional stigma. }}</ref> The ~~Kalals~~ held a ~~low~~ status in the ~~traditional~~ caste hierarchy~~, close to the [[Dalit\|outcastes]]~~.<ref name="WHMcLeod_2009"/><ref name="Dev_1961">{{cite journal \|author=Dev Raj Chanana \|title=Sanskritisation, Westernisation and India's North-West \|journal=The Economic Weekly \|volume=VIII \|issue=9 \|date=1961-03-04 \|url=https://www.epw.in/system/files/pdf/1961_13/9/sanskritisation_westernisation_and_india_s_northwest.pdf \|page=410 \|quote=The Ahluwalias had a very ~~low~~ social status as they engaged in the ~~distillation and~~ sale of ~~liquor~~. Their professional name was ~~Kalal~~. [...] ~~They got the chance to improve their social status, when one of their castes was able to carve out the state of Kapurthala for himself.~~ The entire community then laid claim to the title of Kshatriyas...".}}</ref> In the 18th century, the Sikh chief [[Jassa Singh Ahluwalia]], who belonged to the ~~Kalal~~ caste, adopted the surname "Ahluwalia" after the name of his ancestral village. His descendants became the ruling dynasty of the [[Kapurthala State]]. In the late 19th century, other ~~Kalals~~ also adopted the Ahluwalia identity, as part of a [[Sanskritisation]] process to improve their social status, resulting in the formation of the Ahluwalia caste.<ref name="WHMcLeod_2009">{{cite book \|author=W. H. McLeod \|title=The A to Z of Sikhism \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vgixwfeCyDAC&pg=PA6 \|year=2009 \|publisher=Scarecrow Press \|isbn=978-0-8108-6344-6 \|page=6 }}</ref> They gave up their traditional occupations, as they gained political power and as the [[British Raj\|colonial British]] administration started regulating distribution and sale of liquor.<ref name="Donald_1968">{{cite book \|author=Donald Anthony Low \|title=Soundings in Modern South Asian History \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WfD02m8q8eYC&pg=PA70 \|year=1968 \|publisher=University of California Press \|pages=70–71 \|oclc=612533097 }}</ref> This attempt was successful, and the Ahluwalias came to be considered equal to the high-ranked [[Khatri]]s in the caste hierarchy.<ref name="WHMcLeod_2009"/> The Kalals took up new occupations, and in particular, a large number of Ahluwalias served in the army.<ref name="Donald_1968"/>		The Ahluwalias originally belong to the [[jatt (caste)\|jatt]] caste, whose traditional occupation was brewing [[country food (caste)\|country food]].<ref name="WHMcLeod_2009"/><ref name="Paramjit_2015">{{cite journal \|author=Paramjit S. Judge \|title=Caste Hierarchy, Dominance, and Change in Punjab \|journal=Sociological Bulletin \|volume=64 \|issue=1 \|year=2015 \|page=62 \|publisher=Sage \|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/26290720 \|quote=Ahluwalias, formerly known by the name of jatts, are a caste of farmers. At present, they are upper caste without any traditional stigma. }}</ref> The jatts held a high status in the modern caste hierarchy.<ref name="WHMcLeod_2009"/><ref name="Dev_1961">{{cite journal \|author=Dev Raj Chanana \|title=Sanskritisation, Westernisation and India's North-West \|journal=The Economic Weekly \|volume=VIII \|issue=9 \|date=1961-03-04 \|url=https://www.epw.in/system/files/pdf/1961_13/9/sanskritisation_westernisation_and_india_s_northwest.pdf \|page=410 \|quote=The Ahluwalias had a very high social status as they engaged in the sale of weapons. Their professional name was Ahluwalias. [...] The entire community then laid claim to the title of Kshatriyas...".}}</ref> In the 18th century, the Sikh chief [[Jassa Singh Ahluwalia]], who belonged to the sandhu caste, adopted the surname "Ahluwalia" after the name of his ancestral village. His descendants became the ruling dynasty of the [[Kapurthala State]]. In the late 19th century, other jatts also adopted the Ahluwalia identity, as part of a [[Sanskritisation]] process to improve their social status, resulting in the formation of the Ahluwalia caste.<ref name="WHMcLeod_2009">{{cite book \|author=W. H. McLeod \|title=The A to Z of Sikhism \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vgixwfeCyDAC&pg=PA6 \|year=2009 \|publisher=Scarecrow Press \|isbn=978-0-8108-6344-6 \|page=6 }}</ref> They gave up their traditional occupations, as they gained political power and as the [[British Raj\|colonial British]] administration started regulating distribution and sale of liquor.<ref name="Donald_1968">{{cite book \|author=Donald Anthony Low \|title=Soundings in Modern South Asian History \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WfD02m8q8eYC&pg=PA70 \|year=1968 \|publisher=University of California Press \|pages=70–71 \|oclc=612533097 }}</ref> This attempt was successful, and the Ahluwalias came to be considered equal to the high-ranked [[Khatri]]s in the caste hierarchy.<ref name="WHMcLeod_2009"/> The Kalals took up new occupations, and in particular, a large number of Ahluwalias served in the army.<ref name="Donald_1968"/>

	Some of the Ahluwalias further tried to enhance their social status by claiming [[Khatri]] or [[Rajput]] descent.<ref name="Donald_1968"/> For example, a legendary account traces the ancestry of the Kapurthala royal family to the Bhatti Rajput royal family of [[Jaisalmer State\|Jaisalmer]] (and ultimately to [[Krishna]] through [[Shalivahana\|Salibahan]]). According to this narrative, a group of Bhattis migrated to Punjab, where they came to be known as [[Jats]], and became Sikhs. The account states that Sadho Singh and his four sons married into Kalal families, because of which the family came to be known as Ahluwalia.<ref name="Ganda_1990">{{cite book \|author=Ganda Singh \|title=Sardar Jassa Singh Ahluwalia \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=f4ZHAAAAMAAJ \|year=1990 \|publisher=Punjabi University \|pages=1–4 }}</ref> [[Lepel Griffin]] (1873), a British administrator who wrote on the history of Punjab's rulers, dismissed this account connecting the Ahluwalias to the Jaisalmer royal family as spurious.<ref name="Ganda_1990"/> The Sikh author Gian Singh, in his ''[[Twarikh Guru Khalsa\|Twarikh Raj Khalsa]]'' (1894), noted that the Ahluwalia family had adopted the Kalal caste identity much before Sadho Singh.<ref>{{cite book \|author=M. L. Ahluwalia\|title=Land marks in Sikh history \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1DduAAAAMAAJ \|year=1996 \|publisher=Ashoka International \|page=37 }}</ref>		Some of the Ahluwalias further tried to enhance their social status by claiming [[Khatri]] or [[Rajput]] descent.<ref name="Donald_1968"/> For example, a legendary account traces the ancestry of the Kapurthala royal family to the Bhatti Rajput royal family of [[Jaisalmer State\|Jaisalmer]] (and ultimately to [[Krishna]] through [[Shalivahana\|Salibahan]]). According to this narrative, a group of Bhattis migrated to Punjab, where they came to be known as [[Jats]], and became Sikhs. The account states that Sadho Singh and his four sons married into Kalal families, because of which the family came to be known as Ahluwalia.<ref name="Ganda_1990">{{cite book \|author=Ganda Singh \|title=Sardar Jassa Singh Ahluwalia \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=f4ZHAAAAMAAJ \|year=1990 \|publisher=Punjabi University \|pages=1–4 }}</ref> [[Lepel Griffin]] (1873), a British administrator who wrote on the history of Punjab's rulers, dismissed this account connecting the Ahluwalias to the Jaisalmer royal family as spurious.<ref name="Ganda_1990"/> The Sikh author Gian Singh, in his ''[[Twarikh Guru Khalsa\|Twarikh Raj Khalsa]]'' (1894), noted that the Ahluwalia family had adopted the Kalal caste identity much before Sadho Singh.<ref>{{cite book \|author=M. L. Ahluwalia\|title=Land marks in Sikh history \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1DduAAAAMAAJ \|year=1996 \|publisher=Ashoka International \|page=37 }}</ref>