Adikesava Perumal Temple, Kanyakumari - Revision history

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	\| state = [[Tamil Nadu]]		\| state = [[Tamil Nadu]]
	\| district = [[Kanyakumari district\|Kanyakumari]]		\| district = [[Kanyakumari district\|Kanyakumari]]
	\| location = Thiruvattar~~,Kanyakumari,Tamil Nadu, India~~		\| location = [[Thiruvattar]]
	\| elevation_m =		\| elevation_m =
	\| deity = ~~Adi Kesava~~ Perumal		\| deity = {{Plainlist\|
	, Maragathavalli ~~Thayaar~~		* Adikesava Perumal ([[Vishnu]])
			* Maragathavalli Thayar ([[Lakshmi]])
			}}
	\| utsava_deity_God =		\| utsava_deity_God =
	\| utsava_deity_Godess=		\| utsava_deity_Godess=
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	}}		}}

	The '''~~Adikesavaperumal~~ Temple''' is a [[Hindu]] temple located in [[Thiruvattar]], [[Kanyakumari district]], [[Tamil Nadu]], [[India]] and is one of the 108 [[Divya desam]]s, the holy sites of Hindu [[Vaishnavism]] according to existing [[Tamil language\|Tamil]] hymns from the seventh and eighth centuries C.E. The temple is one of the historic thirteen Divya Deshams of Malai Nadu. The temple is a picturesque setting surrounded on three sides by rivers namely, (River [[Kothai]], River [[Pahrali]] and River [[Thamirabarani]]) It was the Rajya Temple and Bharadevatha shrine of Erstwhile [[Travancore]]. After state reorganisation, the temple handed over to Tamilnadu H&RCE Dept. The presiding [[Vishnu]] in the form of Ananthapadmabhan/Adikeshavaperumal is believed to be older than [[Padmanabhaswamy Temple]] in [[Thiruvananthapuram]]. Since Vishnu resides here in a reclining position, and is surrounded by rivers, the temple is called as "The [[Srirangam]] of Chera Kingdom".		The '''Adikesava Perumal Temple''' is a [[Hindu]] temple located in [[Thiruvattar]], [[Kanyakumari district]], [[Tamil Nadu]], [[India]] and is one of the 108 [[Divya desam]]s, the holy sites of Hindu [[Vaishnavism]] according to existing [[Tamil language\|Tamil]] hymns from the seventh and eighth centuries C.E. The temple is one of the historic thirteen Divya Deshams of Malai Nadu. The temple is a picturesque setting surrounded on three sides by rivers namely, (River [[Kothai]], River [[Pahrali]] and River [[Thamirabarani]]) It was the Rajya Temple and Bharadevatha shrine of Erstwhile [[Travancore]]. After state reorganisation, the temple handed over to Tamilnadu H&RCE Dept. The presiding [[Vishnu]] in the form of Ananthapadmabhan/Adikeshavaperumal is believed to be older than [[Padmanabhaswamy Temple]] in [[Thiruvananthapuram]]. Since Vishnu resides here in a reclining position, and is surrounded by rivers, the temple is called as "The [[Srirangam]] of Chera Kingdom".

	The Adikeshava temple is also where [[Chaitanya Mahaprabhu]], founder of the [[Gaudiya]] Vaishnava movement, discovered the lost manuscript of the [[Brahma Samhita]].{{cn\|date=April 2019}}		The Adikeshava temple is also where [[Chaitanya Mahaprabhu]], founder of the [[Gaudiya]] Vaishnava movement, discovered the lost manuscript of the [[Brahma Samhita]].{{cn\|date=April 2019}}
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	The temple architecture is [[Dravidian architecture\|Dravidian]] style architecture with wooden pillars, doors and roofs. The lord is lying on his snake couch and has to be viewed through three doors. We could see Lord [[Shiva]] near Lord Adikesava Perumal inside the sannidhi. [[Deepalakshmi]]s are many but none resembles the other. The Otraikkal Mandapam (single stone hall) made of a single stone 3 feet thick, is a marvel. Oorthuva Thandavam, Venugopala, Rathi, Manmatha, Lakshmana and Indrajit are excellently carved. The temple is also renowned for its murals.		The temple architecture is [[Dravidian architecture\|Dravidian]] style architecture with wooden pillars, doors and roofs. The lord is lying on his snake couch and has to be viewed through three doors. We could see Lord [[Shiva]] near Lord Adikesava Perumal inside the sannidhi. [[Deepalakshmi]]s are many but none resembles the other. The Otraikkal Mandapam (single stone hall) made of a single stone 3 feet thick, is a marvel. Oorthuva Thandavam, Venugopala, Rathi, Manmatha, Lakshmana and Indrajit are excellently carved. The temple is also renowned for its murals.

	The composite columns of [[Virabhadra]] holding sword and horn are found be additions of the ~~Vijayanayagara~~ kings during the early 1500s. Similar columns of Virabhadra are found in [[Meenakshi Temple]] at [[Madurai]], [[Nellaiappar Temple]] at [[Tirunelveli]], [[Kasi Viswanathar temple, Tenkasi\|Kasi Viswanathar temple]] at [[Tenkasi]], [[Krishnapuram Venkatachalapathy temple]], [[Ramanathaswamy Temple]] at [[Rameswaram]], [[Soundararajaperumal temple, Thadikombu\|Soundararajaperumal temple]] at [[Thadikombu]], [[Srivilliputhur Andal temple]], [[Srivaikuntanathan ~~Permual~~ temple]] at [[Srivaikuntam]], [[Tirupperunturai\|Avudayarkovil]], [[Vaishnava Nambi and Thirukurungudivalli Nachiar temple]] at [[Thirukkurungudi]].<ref>{{cite journal\|title=Imperial Frontiers: Building Sacred Space in Sixteenth-Century South India\|jstor=20619601\|last=Branfoot\|first=Crispin \|journal=The Art Bulletin\|volume=90\|issue=2\|date=1 June 2008\|page=186\|publisher=College Art Association}}</ref>		The composite columns of [[Virabhadra]] holding sword and horn are found be additions of the [[Vijayanagara Empire\|Vijayanagara kings]] during the early 1500s. Similar columns of Virabhadra are found in [[Meenakshi Temple]] at [[Madurai]], [[Nellaiappar Temple]] at [[Tirunelveli]], [[Kasi Viswanathar temple, Tenkasi\|Kasi Viswanathar temple]] at [[Tenkasi]], [[Krishnapuram Venkatachalapathy temple]], [[Ramanathaswamy Temple]] at [[Rameswaram]], [[Soundararajaperumal temple, Thadikombu\|Soundararajaperumal temple]] at [[Thadikombu]], [[Srivilliputhur Andal temple]], [[Srivaikuntanathan Perumal temple]] at [[Srivaikuntam]], [[Tirupperunturai\|Avudayarkovil]], [[Vaishnava Nambi and Thirukurungudivalli Nachiar temple]] at [[Thirukkurungudi]].<ref>{{cite journal\|title=Imperial Frontiers: Building Sacred Space in Sixteenth-Century South India\|jstor=20619601\|last=Branfoot\|first=Crispin \|journal=The Art Bulletin\|volume=90\|issue=2\|date=1 June 2008\|page=186\|publisher=College Art Association}}</ref>

	Going by extant legends, the temple is closely associated with the famous [[Padmanabhaswamy Temple\|Sree ~~AnanthaPadmanabhaswamy~~ Temple, Thiruvananthapuram]]. Thiruvananthapuram Sri Anantha Padmanabhaswamy temple deity lies in the direction as to see the Thiruvattar Adi kesava deity. The main deity was originally covered with gold kavachams in which diamonds and other precious stones were embedded which the Kerala kings had presented to the temple. There is also a small shrine for Lord Lakshmi Narasimhaswamy near the river and opposite to the ~~Adikesavaperumal~~ Temple. [[Alvars\|Alvar]] saint [[Nammalvar]] had sung 11 pasurams in praise of AdiKesavaSwamy.		Going by extant legends, the temple is closely associated with the famous [[Padmanabhaswamy Temple\|Sree Anantha Padmanabhaswamy Temple, Thiruvananthapuram]]. Thiruvananthapuram Sri Anantha Padmanabhaswamy temple deity lies in the direction as to see the Thiruvattar Adi kesava deity. The main deity was originally covered with gold kavachams in which diamonds and other precious stones were embedded which the Kerala kings had presented to the temple. There is also a small shrine for Lord Lakshmi Narasimhaswamy near the river and opposite to the Adikesava Perumal Temple. [[Alvars\|Alvar]] saint [[Nammalvar]] had sung 11 pasurams in praise of AdiKesavaSwamy. There are Three temples related to Adikesava Perumal Temple'''.''' It is believed that, the ''Moolasthanam'' of all three temples such as ''[[Padmanabhaswamy temple]], [[Thiruvananthapuram]];'' Adikesava Perumal Temple, [[Thiruvattar]] and [[Sri Ranganathaswamy Temple, Srirangam\|Sri Ranganathaswamy Temple]], Srirangam is Ananthapadmanabhaswamy Temple or Anantha Lake Temple near Kumbla in Manjeshwaram Taluk of Kasaragod District of Kerala, South India.

	==Treasures==		==Treasures==

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{{morefootnotes|date=July 2020}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2020}}
{{Infobox temple
| name = Adikesava Perumal Temple, Thiruvattar
| image = Adikesaa (2).jpg
| alt =
| caption =
| map_type = India Tamil Nadu
| map_caption = Location in Tamil Nadu
| coordinates = {{coord|8|19|47|N|77|15|57|E|type:landmark_region:IN|display=inline,title}}
| other_names =
| proper_name =
| country = [[India]]
| state = [[Tamil Nadu]]
| district = [[Kanyakumari district|Kanyakumari]]
| location = Thiruvattar,Kanyakumari,Tamil Nadu, India
| elevation_m =
| deity = Adi Kesava Perumal
, Maragathavalli Thayaar
| utsava_deity_God =
| utsava_deity_Godess=
| Direction_posture =
| Pushakarani =
| Vimanam =
| Poets =
| Prathyaksham =
| festivals=
| architecture = [[Dravidian architecture]] [[Kerala Style]]
| temple_quantity =
| monument_quantity=
| inscriptions =
| year_completed =
| creator =
| website =
}}

The '''Adikesavaperumal Temple''' is a [[Hindu]] temple located in [[Thiruvattar]], [[Kanyakumari district]], [[Tamil Nadu]], [[India]] and is one of the 108 [[Divya desam]]s, the holy sites of Hindu [[Vaishnavism]] according to existing [[Tamil language|Tamil]] hymns from the seventh and eighth centuries C.E. The temple is one of the historic thirteen Divya Deshams of Malai Nadu. The temple is a picturesque setting surrounded on three sides by rivers namely, (River [[Kothai]], River [[Pahrali]] and River [[Thamirabarani]]) It was the Rajya Temple and Bharadevatha shrine of Erstwhile [[Travancore]]. After state reorganisation, the temple handed over to Tamilnadu H&RCE Dept. The presiding [[Vishnu]] in the form of Ananthapadmabhan/Adikeshavaperumal is believed to be older than [[Padmanabhaswamy Temple]] in [[Thiruvananthapuram]]. Since Vishnu resides here in a reclining position, and is surrounded by rivers, the temple is called as "The [[Srirangam]] of Chera Kingdom".

The Adikeshava temple is also where [[Chaitanya Mahaprabhu]], founder of the [[Gaudiya]] Vaishnava movement, discovered the lost manuscript of the [[Brahma Samhita]].{{cn|date=April 2019}}

==Architecture and history==
[[File:Thiruvattar Adhi Kesava Temple.JPG|250px|left|thumb|An old view of the temple]]
The temple architecture is [[Dravidian architecture|Dravidian]] style architecture with wooden pillars, doors and roofs. The lord is lying on his snake couch and has to be viewed through three doors. We could see Lord [[Shiva]] near Lord Adikesava Perumal inside the sannidhi. [[Deepalakshmi]]s are many but none resembles the other. The Otraikkal Mandapam (single stone hall) made of a single stone 3 feet thick, is a marvel. Oorthuva Thandavam, Venugopala, Rathi, Manmatha, Lakshmana and Indrajit are excellently carved. The temple is also renowned for its murals.

The composite columns of [[Virabhadra]] holding sword and horn are found be additions of the Vijayanayagara kings during the early 1500s. Similar columns of Virabhadra are found in [[Meenakshi Temple]] at [[Madurai]], [[Nellaiappar Temple]] at [[Tirunelveli]], [[Kasi Viswanathar temple, Tenkasi|Kasi Viswanathar temple]] at [[Tenkasi]], [[Krishnapuram Venkatachalapathy temple]], [[Ramanathaswamy Temple]] at [[Rameswaram]], [[Soundararajaperumal temple, Thadikombu|Soundararajaperumal temple]] at [[Thadikombu]], [[Srivilliputhur Andal temple]], [[Srivaikuntanathan Permual temple]] at [[Srivaikuntam]], [[Tirupperunturai|Avudayarkovil]], [[Vaishnava Nambi and Thirukurungudivalli Nachiar temple]] at [[Thirukkurungudi]].<ref>{{cite journal|title=Imperial Frontiers: Building Sacred Space in Sixteenth-Century South India|jstor=20619601|last=Branfoot|first=Crispin |journal=The Art Bulletin|volume=90|issue=2|date=1 June 2008|page=186|publisher=College Art Association}}</ref>

Going by extant legends, the temple is closely associated with the famous [[Padmanabhaswamy Temple|Sree AnanthaPadmanabhaswamy Temple, Thiruvananthapuram]]. Thiruvananthapuram Sri Anantha Padmanabhaswamy temple deity lies in the direction as to see the Thiruvattar Adi kesava deity. The main deity was originally covered with gold kavachams in which diamonds and other precious stones were embedded which the Kerala kings had presented to the temple. There is also a small shrine for Lord Lakshmi Narasimhaswamy near the river and opposite to the Adikesavaperumal Temple. [[Alvars|Alvar]] saint [[Nammalvar]] had sung 11 pasurams in praise of AdiKesavaSwamy.

==Treasures==
[[File:Adikesaa (4).jpg|thumb|250px|Pillared halls around the second precinct]]
The entire present day Kanyakumari District formed part of erstwhile Thiruvithamkoor or Travancore Kingdom. Up to Marthanda Varma, all kings ruled the erstwhile Venad Kingdom (which was expanded by Marthanda Varma to form Thiruvithaamkoor) from Padmanabhapuram in Kanyakumari District. It was Dharma Raja, the nephew and successor of Marthanda Varma, who shifted the capital to Thiruvananthapuram. Padmanabhapuram Palace, the erstwhile royal abode of Travancore Kings, is still preserved in all its glory and is situated at Padmanabhapuram in Kalkulam Taluk of Kanyakumari District. Marthanda Varma was a staunch devotee of Lord Adikesava and used to worship at the temple before all the major war campaigns undertaken by him.

==Legend==
The Lord AdiKesavaSwamy means 'Foremost Friend'. Legend says that Lord AdiKesavaSwamy defeated the demon Kesi. The demon's wife prayed to the River [[Ganges]] and to River [[Thamirabarani]] and created a destruction. But it was in vain and she surrendered to the Lord. Thus, the formation of the rivers made in a circle came to be known as Thiruvattaru.<ref name=M>{{cite book|title=15 Vaishnava Temples of Tamil Nadu|last=M.|first=Rajagopalan|pages=164–172|publisher=Govindaswamy Printers|location=Chennai, India|year=1993}}</ref>

==Festivals and prasadhams==
[[Vaikunta Ekadasi|Vaikunta Ekadesi]] is celebrated with pomp and glory. Paal Payasam (Milk Kheer), Aval and Appam are delicious prasadams at this temple. The pujas are done in the same manner as that of the [[Sri Padmanabhaswamy temple]], [[Thiruvananthapuram]].

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Adikesava Perumal Temple, Kanyakumari}}
*https://web.archive.org/web/20080117091347/http://www.sriadikesava.org/
*http://www.srivari.com/malayalatirupathigal/thiruvattaru.htm

{{Famous Vishnu temples}}

[[Category:Divya Desams| ]]
[[Category:Hindu temples in Kanyakumari district]]