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	{{Short description\|Scheduled Caste of Dalit agricultural workers}}		{{Short description\|Scheduled Caste of Dalit agricultural workers}}
	{{Ravidasi}}		{{Ravidasi}}
	The '''Ad-Dharmi''' ~~is a~~ [[~~Dalit~~]] community ~~of agricultural workers origin mainly found~~ in the state of [[Punjab, India\|Punjab]] in [[India]].<ref name="Mainstream Weekly 2009">{{cite web \| title=Deras and Dalit Consciousness \| website=Mainstream Weekly \| date=13 June 2009 \| url=http://www.mainstreamweekly.net/article1425.html \| accessdate=6 January 2016}}</ref> As of today, they are entitled to reservations in education sector and government jobs, as they are recognised as a Scheduled Caste.<ref>{{cite news\|title=Scheduled Caste Welfare - List of Scheduled Castes\|url=http://socialjustice.nic.in/pdf/scorderpunjab.pdf}}</ref> Ad Dharmis are 14.9% of the total [[Dalit]] population in Punjab.<ref>{{cite web\|title=PUNJAB DATA HIGHLIGHTS : THE SCHEDULED CASTES\|url=http://censusindia.gov.in/Tables_Published/SCST/dh_sc_punjab.pdf}}</ref>		The '''Ad-Dharmi''' mainly originates from [[Chamar]] community in the state of [[Punjab, India\|Punjab]] in [[India]].<ref name="Mainstream Weekly 2009">{{cite web \| title=Deras and Dalit Consciousness \| website=Mainstream Weekly \| date=13 June 2009 \| url=http://www.mainstreamweekly.net/article1425.html \| accessdate=6 January 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web\|title=‘Ad-Dharm Movement was the Revolt Against the Hinduism’ – Saheb Kanshi Ram’s Speech at Sikri, Punjab, 12th February 2001 {{!}} Velivada\|url=https://velivada.com/2017/11/03/ad-dharm-movement-revolt-hinduism-saheb-kanshi-rams-speech-sikri-punjab-12th-february-2001/\|access-date=2021-06-27\|website=velivada.com}}</ref> As of today, they are entitled to reservations in education sector and government jobs, as they are recognised as a Scheduled Caste.<ref>{{cite news\|title=Scheduled Caste Welfare - List of Scheduled Castes\|url=http://socialjustice.nic.in/pdf/scorderpunjab.pdf}}</ref> Ad Dharmis are 14.9% of the total [[Dalit]] population in Punjab.<ref>{{cite web\|title=PUNJAB DATA HIGHLIGHTS : THE SCHEDULED CASTES\|url=http://censusindia.gov.in/Tables_Published/SCST/dh_sc_punjab.pdf}}</ref>

	==Origin==		==Origin==

47.31.211.0 at 07:23, 19 April 2021

2021-04-19T07:23:21Z

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{{Short description|Scheduled Caste of Dalit agricultural workers}}
{{Ravidasi}}
The '''Ad-Dharmi''' is a [[Dalit]] community of agricultural workers origin mainly found in the state of [[Punjab, India|Punjab]] in [[India]].<ref name="Mainstream Weekly 2009">{{cite web | title=Deras and Dalit Consciousness | website=Mainstream Weekly | date=13 June 2009 | url=http://www.mainstreamweekly.net/article1425.html | accessdate=6 January 2016}}</ref> As of today, they are entitled to reservations in education sector and government jobs, as they are recognised as a Scheduled Caste.<ref>{{cite news|title=Scheduled Caste Welfare - List of Scheduled Castes|url=http://socialjustice.nic.in/pdf/scorderpunjab.pdf}}</ref> Ad Dharmis are 14.9% of the total [[Dalit]] population in Punjab.<ref>{{cite web|title=PUNJAB DATA HIGHLIGHTS : THE SCHEDULED CASTES|url=http://censusindia.gov.in/Tables_Published/SCST/dh_sc_punjab.pdf}}</ref>

==Origin==
The Ad-Dharm movement was started in 1920s, for the purpose of getting a distinct religious identity same as [[Adi Dravida]] movement of Tamil Nadu. The founder of the Ad-Dharm Movement was [[Mangu Ram Mugowalia]] (founding member of [[Ghadar Party]]), Master Gurbanta Singh (senior [[Congress]] leader) B. L. Gherra and also Pandit Hari Ram (Pandori Bibi) who was the secretary of the organization.<ref>pg 20, Sikh Identity: An Exploration Of Groups Among Sikhs by Opinderjit Kaur Takhar</ref>

The movement projected [[Ravidas]], the 13th century [[Bhakti movement|Bhakti Movement]] saint as their spiritual Guru and a sacred book ''Ad Parkash'' for separate ritual traditions. The Ad-Dharmi Dalits came together as a faith was in 1925 when the British ruled India.

In the 1931 census, more than 450,000 registered themselves as members of the new indigenous faith called ''Ad Dharam'' (or ''Original Religion'').<ref name="CNN.com">{{cite web | title=India's 'untouchables' declare own religion | website=CNN.com | url=http://edition.cnn.com/2010/WORLD/asiapcf/02/03/india.new.religion/ | accessdate=6 January 2016}}</ref> But this faith and movement vanished after India's independence because of major concentration of its leader into state politics and govt.'s reservation policy only for low-caste from [[Hindus|Hindu]], [[Sikhs|Sikh]] and [[Buddhist]] communities.<ref name="Gill 2015">{{cite web | last=Gill | first=Manmohan Singh | title=Punjab Society | website=Google Books | date=December 2, 2015 | url=https://books.google.com/books/about/Punjab_Society.html?id=EcW3eLUr4IoC | accessdate=January 6, 2016}}</ref>

Clans of [[Ad-dharmi|Ad Dharmis]] include - Badhan, Bains, Batoi, Bhatti, Ghamori, Heer, Kathana, Mehmi, Phundwal, Sidhu, Chauhan, Bangar, Kajla, Chumber and Kaler.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LPsvytmN3mUC&pg=PA150 |title=A Glossary of the Tribes and Castes of the Punjab and North-West Frontier Province: A.-K|date=1997|publisher=Atlantic Publishers & Dist|isbn=978-81-85297-69-9|language=en}}</ref>

==Present circumstances==
Although the Ad-Dharmi are followers of Guru [[Ravidas]] (''now [[Ravidassia religion]]''),<ref name="Indian Express">{{cite web | title=Mention Ravidasia as religion: Dera Sachkhand to followers | website=Indian Express | url=http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/mention-ravidasia-as-religion-dera-sachkhand-to-followers/623842/ | accessdate=6 January 2016}}</ref> and incorporate elements of [[Sikhism]]<ref name="Google Books 2015">{{cite web | title=Like the other Sikh gurudwaras, Ad-Dharmis too keep the Guru Granth Sahib at their Ravidas Gurudwaras- Caste in Question | website=Google Books | date=December 2, 2015 | url=https://books.google.com/books/about/Caste_in_Question.html?id=pviHAwAAQBAJ | accessdate=January 6, 2016}}</ref> as they regard Shri [[Guru Granth Sahib]] as their [[religious text]].<ref name="Singh 2010">{{cite web | last=Singh | first=IP | title=Ravidassia leaders reject new religion | website=The Times of India | date=4 February 2010 | url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Ravidassia-leaders-reject-new-religion/articleshow/5533100.cms | accessdate=6 January 2016}}</ref> But after killing of [[Ramanand Dass|Ramananda Dass]] on Vienaa triggered them a lot and they formed separate Amritbani and customs.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The strong differences within the Adi-dharmi/ Ravidassia community have taken another twist with a Phagwara-based century-and-a-half-old Dera of the community moving Punjab and Haryana High Court alleging that Dera Ballan indulged in plagiarism in preparing "Amrit Bani Satguru Guru Ravidass" Granth as it announced founding of a separate religion - Ravidassia- over three years back. - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/The-strong-differences-within-the-Adi-dharmi/-Ravidassia-community-have-taken-another-twist-with-a-Phagwara-based-century-and-half-old-Dera-of-the-community-moving-Punjab-and-Haryana-High-Court-alleging-that-Dera-Ballan-indulged-in-plagiarism-in-preparing-Amrit-Bani-Satguru-Guru-Ravidass-Granth-as-it-announced-founding-of-a-separate-religion-Ravidassia-over-three-years-back-/articleshow/19712283.cms|website=The Times of India|access-date=2020-05-21}}</ref>

Each of their settlement contains a [[gurdwara]]s and Ravidas Bhawans, which are both a centre of worship and as well as a focus of the community.

The traditional occupation of the Ad-Dharmis was [[Tanning (leather)|leather tanning]] and also a majority were involved in peasantry. Many Ad-Dharmis have started to migrate to towns and cities, for better opportunities. As other [[Punjabi people|Punjabi]] communities, the Ad-Dharmis have participated in the overseas migration of the ethnic group. There are now fairly large no. of Ad-Dharmis in Europe and North America, in particular the United Kingdom.<ref name="ReferenceA">People of India Punjab Volume XXXVII edited by I.J.S Bansal and Swaran Singh pages 20 to 25 Manohar</ref>

==Notable Ad Dharmis==
*[[Mangu Ram Mugowalia]], founding member of [[Ghadar Movement]] and [[Adi Dharm|Ad Dharm]] movement in Punjab<ref>{{Cite book|last=Teltumbde|first=Anand|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZCIlDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA61 |title=Dalits: Past, present and future|date=2016-08-19|publisher=Taylor & Francis|isbn=978-1-315-52644-7|language=en}}</ref>

==See also==
*[[Chamar]]
*[[Ramdasia]]
*[[Ravidassia religion]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Ethnic and social groups of the Punjab |state=expanded}}

[[Category:Hindu new religious movements]]
[[Category:Hindu denominations]]
[[Category:Ravidassia religion]]
[[Category:Vaishnavism]]
[[Category:Social groups of Punjab, India]]
[[Category:Punjabi tribes]]
[[Category:Dalit communities]]

Ad-Dharmi - Revision history

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47.31.211.0 at 07:23, 19 April 2021