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{{Short description|Indian Qur'anic reciter and writer (b. 1941)}}
{{Orphan|date=November 2025}}
{{Infobox religious biography
| honorific_prefix = Shaykh al-Qurrā', Mawlānā, Qāri
| name = Abul Hasan Azami
| image =
| image_size =
| caption =
| birth_date = 1941
| birth_place = Jagdishpur, Azamgarh district, British India
| nationality = Indian
| alma_mater = [[Darul Uloom Deoband]]
| occupation = Islamic scholar, Qāri, author
| era = 20th–21st century
| known_for = Teaching and scholarship in tajwīd and qirā'āt
| notable_works = ''al-Nafhah al-‘Anbariyyah sharh al-Muqaddimah al-Jazariyyah'', ''al-Nafahāt al-Qāsimiyyah sharh al-Shāṭibiyyah'', ''Husn al-Muḥāḍarāt fī Rijāl al-Qirā'āt''
| religion = [[Islam]]
| denomination = [[Sunni Islam|Sunni]]
| movement = [[Deobandi]]
| main_interests = Tajwīd, Qirā'āt, history of Qur'anic recitation
| influences = [[Sharif Hasan Deobandi]], [[Muhammad Tayyib Qasmi]], [[Mahmood Hasan Gangohi]], [[Naseer Ahmad Khan (scholar)|Naseer Ahmad Khan]], [[Mirajul Haq Deobandi]], [[Fakhrul Hasan Moradabadi]], [[Wahiduzzaman Kairanawi]], [[Nizamuddin Azami]], [[Muhammad Salim Qasmi]], [[Anzar Shah Kashmiri]], [[Qamaruddin Ahmad Gorakhpuri]], [[Saeed Ahmad Palanpuri]], [[Abdul Khaliq Madrasi]], [[Muhammad Zakariyya Kandhlawi]], [[Abd al-Fattah Abu Ghudda]]
| influenced = Thousands of students in India and abroad{{Sfn|Muzaffarnagari|2017|p=616}}{{Sfn|Tijarwi|2020|p=389}}
| disciple_of = [[Abrarul Haq Haqqi]]
}}

'''Abul Hasan Azami''' (born 1941), also written as '''Abul Hasan Azmi''', is an Indian Islamic scholar, qāri (Qur'anic reciter) and author known for his work on tajwīd and qirā'āt. Over a career spanning five decades, he taught at several religious institutions and served as head of the Department of Tajwīd and Qirā'āt at [[Darul Uloom Deoband]]. He has written extensively on Qur'anic recitation and its history, including works such as ''al-Nafhah al-‘Anbariyyah'', ''al-Nafahāt al-Qāsimiyyah'' and ''Tārīkh ʿIlm al-Qirā'āt''. Azami is also associated with the [[Muslim World League]]'s subsidiary body ''al-Hay’ah al-‘Ālamiyyah li-Ḥifẓ al-Qur'ān al-Karīm'' in Mecca.

== Early life and education ==
Abul Hasan Azami was born in 1360 AH (1941 CE) in Jagdishpur, [[Azamgarh district]].{{Sfn|Haridwari|2004|pp=34, 39}} His father, Muhammad Hanif, was a memorizer of the Qur'an (ḥāfiẓ).{{Sfn|Haridwari|2004|pp=37, 39}}

He received his early education at a madrasa in Jagdishpur, and his father played the major role in his memorization of the Qur'an. He then studied the Qur'anic curriculum and Persian, and progressed from elementary Arabic through to the third level of Arabic at Madrasa Baitul Uloom, [[Sarai Mir]], Azamgarh; during this period he also studied books of tajwīd.{{Sfn|Haridwari|2004|pp=41, 44–45, 57}} After Sarai Mir he enrolled at [[Darul Uloom Mau]] where he continued Arabic studies from the fourth to the fifth levels and completed instruction in the qirā'āt al-sab‘ah.{{Sfn|Haridwari|2004|pp=55, 58–60}}

Due to family circumstances he married during his second year of Arabic study, which caused an interruption in his studies; eventually, in Shawwāl 1383 AH (1963 CE) he became a teacher of tajwīd and qirā'āt at Madrasa Ma‘rufiyyah in Pura Ma‘ruf, Mau district and remained there until 1385 AH (1965 CE).{{Sfn|Haridwari|2004|pp=68–71}} During his time at Pura Maroof he also practiced calligraphy under Muhammad Usman Maroofi.{{Sfn|Haridwari|2004|p=72}} He later served as a tajwīd and qirā'āt teacher at Madrasa Karamatiyah Dārul Faiz, [[Jalalpur]] until 1388 AH (1968 CE).{{Sfn|Haridwari|2004|pp=85–86}} He then briefly taught at Madrasa Ihyaul Uloom, [[Mubarakpur, Azamgarh|Mubarakpur]] until 1390 AH.{{Sfn|Haridwari|2004|pp=89–90}} From 1391 AH (1971 CE) to 1394 AH (1974 CE) he taught tajwīd and qirā'āt at Madrasa Qur'ania in [[Jaunpur, Uttar Pradesh|Jaunpur]] for four years, and subsequently at Riyazul Uloom, Guraini, Jaunpur district.{{Sfn|Haridwari|2004|pp=93، 95، 99}} While taking some students to [[Darul Uloom Deoband]] for entrance examinations in Shawwāl 1395 AH (1975 CE), he was influenced by the academic environment there and chose to resume formal studies. He entered directly into the final stages of the [[Dars-i Nizami|Dars-e-Nizami]] curriculum and completed the hadith year in Shaʿbān 1397 AH (July 1977), graduating from there.{{Sfn|Haridwari|2004|pp=103–104, 109}}{{Sfn|Tijarwi|2020|p=389}}

At Deoband seminary, his teachers of ḥadīth included [[Sharif Hasan Deobandi]], [[Muhammad Tayyib Qasmi]], [[Mahmood Hasan Gangohi]], [[Naseer Ahmad Khan (scholar)|Naseer Ahmad Khan]], Abdul Ahad Deobandi, [[Mirajul Haq Deobandi]], [[Fakhrul Hasan Moradabadi]], Muhammad Husain Bihari, Muhammad Naʿim Deobandi, [[Wahiduzzaman Kairanawi]], [[Nizamuddin Azami]], [[Muhammad Salim Qasmi]], [[Anzar Shah Kashmiri]], Khurshid Alam Deobandi, [[Qamaruddin Ahmad Gorakhpuri]], Abdullah Saleem Deobandi, [[Saeed Ahmad Palanpuri]], and [[Abdul Khaliq Madrasi]].{{Sfn|Haridwari|2004|pp=110–115, 126–172, 215}}

In addition, he obtained authorizations (''ijāzah'') in ḥadīth from [[Muhammad Zakariyya Kandhlawi]] and [[Abd al-Fattah Abu Ghudda]].{{Sfn|Haridwari|2004|p=122}}{{Sfn|Azami|2019|p=912}}

His teachers in the sciences of ''tajwīd'' and ''qirāʾāt'' included ʿAbdul Qayyūm Azami, Qāri Muʿīnuddīn, and Muhammad Mustafa Mauwi.{{Sfn|Haridwari|2004|pp=57–60}} He also benefited from further study in these disciplines with Mohibbuddin Alahābādi, a student of [[Abdul Rehman Makki]].{{Sfn|Haridwari|2004|pp=116–117, 119–120}}

== Career ==
After graduating from [[Darul Uloom Deoband]], Azami served four years at Madrasa Asghariyyah, [[Deoband]], and one year at [[Madrasa Shahi]], Moradabad, in tajwīd and qirā'āt instruction. On the invitation of [[Asad Madani]] he joined Darul Uloom Deoband and in Dhū al-Qa‘dah 1402 AH he was appointed to the Department of Tajwīd and Qirā'āt. After one year he was assigned the headship of that department.{{Sfn|Haridwari|2004|pp=278–283}}{{Sfn|Azami|2019|p=223}}

In a 2008 report by the ''[[Hindustan Times]]'', Azami—then serving as professor of Qur'anic recitation at Darul Uloom Deoband—emphasized the importance of discipline in Islamic education, stating that "discipline is critical to the study of Islam; nobody can rise late."<ref>{{Cite news |last=Haq |first=Zia |title=Darul-uloom seminary in Deoband |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india/darul-uloom-seminary-in-deoband/story-q2AtRhHnf4RjzSKPEBAUAM.html |work=[[Hindustan Times]] |date=6 July 2008 |access-date=28 October 2025}}</ref>

He resigned from Darul Uloom Deoband in Rabīʿ al-Thānī 1434 AH (February 2013) following disputes with the administration.{{Sfn|Azami|2019|pp=218–222}}<ref>{{Cite web |date=16 January 2013 |title='दारुल उलूम में 28 वर्षों से झेल रहा हूं उत्पीड़न' |trans-title='I have been facing harassment at Darul Uloom for 28 years' |url=https://www.amarujala.com/uttar-pradesh/darul-uloom-management-works-like-dictator-says-abul-hasan-azami |access-date=27 October 2025 |website=[[Amar Ujala]] |language=hi}}</ref>

Since October 2015 he has been a member of the subsidiary organization ''al-Hay’ah al-‘Ālamiyyah li-Tahfīz al-Qur'ān al-Karīm'' of [[Muslim World League]] (Mecca).<ref>{{Cite web|date=14 October 2015 |title=Men & Women In News|url=https://www.milligazette.com/news/1-community-news/13176-men-women-in-news/ |access-date=28 October 2025 |website=[[The Milli Gazette]] |language=en}}</ref>

He is an authorised disciple of [[Abrarul Haq Haqqi]] in [[Sufism]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Qasmi Bhatkali |first=Muhammad Shafi |url=https://archive.org/details/YADEABRAR1/page/n7/mode/1up |title=Yaad-e-Abrar |publisher=Raziyyat-ul-Abrar |year=2009 |edition=First |location=Salmanabad, [[Bhatkal]] |page=17 |language=ur}}</ref>

== Writings ==
In addition to teaching, Azami has authored numerous works on [[Tajwid|tajwīd]], [[Qira'at|qirā'āt]] and the history and orthography of the Qur'an. His total output is reported in sources as approximately 150 works,<ref>{{Cite web |date=6 November 2021 |title=कारी अबुल हसन आजमी की नई पुस्तक का विमोचन |trans-title=Launch of Qari Abul Hasan Azmi's new book |url=https://www.livehindustan.com/uttar-pradesh/saharanpur/story-qari-abul-hasan-azmi-39-s-new-book-released-5010525.html |access-date=28 October 2025 |website=[[Live Hindustan]] |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Salmani |first=Rizwan |date=30 August 2021 |title=مولانا قاری ابو الحسن اعظمی قرطاس وقلم کا روشن مینار ہیں: مولانا نسیم اختر شاہ قیصر |url=https://zainnews24.com/%D9%85%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C-%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%88-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B3%D9%86-%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%B8%D9%85%DB%8C-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%B7%D8%A7%D8%B3-%D9%88%D9%82%D9%84%D9%85/ |access-date=28 October 2025 |website=Zain News |language=ur}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=26 October 2024 |title=देवबंद के कारी अबुल हसन आज़मी पर एक सेमिनार आयोजित:कुरान पाक के अध्ययन पर 150 पुस्तकें लिखकर बनाया था विश्व रिकॉर्ड |trans-title=A seminar organized on Qari Abul Hasan Azmi of Deoband: claimed record of 150 books on Qur'anic studies |url=https://www.bhaskar.com/local/uttar-pradesh/saharanpur/deoband/news/a-seminar-was-organised-on-qari-abul-hasan-azmi-of-deoband-133866913.html |work=[[Dainik Bhaskar]] |language=hi}}</ref><ref name="Choudhary">{{Cite web |last=Choudhary |first=Sameer |date=17 October 2022 |title=مشہور مصنف قاری ابوالحسن اعظمی کی دو کتابوں کا علماء و دانشوران کے ہاتھوں رسمِ اجراء |url=https://asrehazir.com/qari-abul-hasan-ki-do-kitabon-ka-rasme-ijra/ |access-date=28 October 2025 |website=Asr-e-Hazir |language=ur}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last1=Kajee |first1=Moosa |url=https://spirituallight.co.za/sites/default/files/Books/The%20Ulema%20of%20Deoband_0.pdf |title=The legacy of the Ulama of Deoband |last2=Kajee |first2=Imran |year=2018 |edition=1st |location=[[South Africa]] |page=38 |language=en |trans-title=The legacy of the Ulama of Deoband}}</ref> of which about 90 are on Qur'anic sciences specifically.<ref name="Fikr-e-Inqilāb">{{Cite journal |last=Muzaffarnagari|first=Bilal Ahmad|date=16–31 January 2017 |editor-last=Mukhtar |editor-first=As'ad |editor2-last=Mahtab |editor2-first=Ahsan |title=Urdu ke Farogh mein Deoband ka 150 saala kirdār (Ilm-o-Adab ka Koh-e-Noor Qari Abul Hasan Azami Ki Adabi wa Sahāfati Khidmāt) |url=https://archive.org/details/urdu-ke-farogh-mein-deoband-ka-derh-so-salah-kirdar-fikr-e-inqilab |journal=Fortnightly Fikr-e-Inqilāb |edition=2nd |volume=5 |issue=112 |page=619 |language=ur }}</ref>

His two-volume work, ''Husn al-Muḥāḍarāt fī Rijāl al-Qirā’āt'', contains biographical accounts of approximately seven hundred [[Qur'an reciter|Qur’an reciters]] (qurrāʾ).<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Nadwi |first=Shah Ajmal Farooq Nadwi |editor-last=al-Rashidi |editor-first=Zahid |editor-link=Zahid Ur Rashdi |title=Book Review: Husn al-Muḥāḍarāt fī Rijāl al-Qirā'āt |url=https://alsharia.org/2025/jan/husnul-muhazraat-fi-rijaal-al-qiraaat-shah-ajmal-farooq-nadvi |journal=Monthly Al-Sharī'ah |language=ur |volume=36 |issue=1 |pages=38–39}}</ref>

His commentaries, translations and explanations in the field of tajwīd and qirā'āt include works such as ''al-Nafhah al-‘Anbariyyah sharḥ al-Muqaddimah al-Jazariyyah'', ''al-Nafahāt al-Qāsimiyyah sharḥ al-Shāṭibiyyah'', ''al-Taḥfah al-Jamīlah sharḥ al-‘Aqīlah (al-Rā’iyyah) lil-Shāṭibī'', ''al-Tabshīr sharḥ al-Taysīr fī al-Sab‘ah'' by al-Durrānī, ''al-Fawā’id al-Durriyyah tarjamat al-Muqaddimah al-Jazariyyah'', ''al-Fawā’id al-Bahiyyah sharḥ al-Durrah al-Maḍiyyah'', ''Iḍāḥ al-‘Ashr fī Ḥall Ṭayyibat al-Nashr'', ''Iẓhār al-Ni‘am'' (a translation of Abu Muhammad al-Makki’s work), ''Muʿarrab wa mutarjam Khulāṣat al-Bayān'', ''Taḥṣīl al-Yusr sharḥ Nāẓimat al-Zuhr'', ''Mawrid al-Ẓamʿān sharḥ Khulāṣat al-Bayān'', ''al-Hadiyyah al-Rāṭibiyyah fī Tarjamat al-Shāṭibiyyah'' and ''ʿUmdat al-Aqwāl'' (translation of ''Tuḥfat al-Aṭfāl'' by al-Jamzuri.{{Sfn|Haridwari|2004|pp=352–362، 369–370}}{{Sfn|Azami|2019|pp=448–455}}

His marginalia (ḥawāshī) include titles such as ''al-Ḥawāshī al-Ḥasanīyyah ʿalā al-Fawā’id al-Makkiyyah'', ''Iḍāḥ al-Waqf ḥawāshī Jāmiʿ al-Waqf'', ''Ḍiyā’ al-Nujūm ḥawāshī Maʿrifat al-Rusūm'' and ''Bayān al-ʿIrfān ḥawāshī Jamāl al-Qur’ān''.{{Sfn|Haridwari|2004|pp=395–398}}{{Sfn|Azami|2019|p=452}}

His works on the history of qirā'āt, the Qur'anic orthography and related services include titles such as ''ʿIlm al-Qirā’āt wa al-Qurrā’ al-Sabʿah'', ''Dār al-ʿUlūm Deoband wa Khidamāt al-Tajwīd wa al-Qirā’āt'', ''Husn al-Muḥāḍarāt fī Rijāl al-Qirā’āt'' (in two volumes), ''Tārīkh ʿIlm al-Qirā’āt: taḥrīj wa tashrīḥ ḥadīth “Sabʿat al-Aḥruf”'', ''Asāṭīn ʿIlm al-Qirā’āt'', ''Akābir ʿUlamā’ al-Ummah wa Iʿtinā’uhum bi al-Qirā’āt'', ''Ḥadīth Sabʿat al-Aḥruf wa ʿAllāmah Ibn Jarīr al-Ṭabarī'', ''Tārīkh Shuʿbat al-Qirā’ah Dār al-ʿUlūm Deoband'', ''Hindustān wa ʿIlm al-Tajwīd wa al-Qirā’āt: Māḍī wa Ḥāl'', ''Markaz al-ʿIlm wa al-Faḍl Pānīpat wa Khidamāt al-Tajwīd wa al-Qirā’āt'', ''Rasm al-Muṣḥaf wa Maṣādiruh'', ''Kuttāb al-Waḥy'', ''Qur’ānī Imlā wa Rasm al-Khaṭṭ'', and ''Darbar-i-Risālat ke Mustanad Qurrāʾ''.{{Sfn|Haridwari|2004|pp=349، 367، 381–383، 395}}{{Sfn|Azami|2019|pp=448–457}}<ref name="Khalīli">{{Cite book|last=Khalili Qasmi |first=Muhammadullah |author-link=Muhammadullah Khalili Qasmi|url=https://archive.org/details/darul-uloom-deob-ki-jamey-wa-mukhtasar-tareekh-edition-2|title=Darul Uloom Deoband Ki Jami' Wa Mukhtasar Tareekh|publisher=Sheikh al-Hind Academy |edition=2nd|date=October 2020 |location=India |pages=372–373|language=ur|oclc=1345466013}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Tijarwi |first=Muhammad Mushtaq|title=Fuzalā'-e-Deoband Ki Qur'āni Khidmāt |publisher=Brown Publications |year=2020 |isbn=978-93-90167-31-9 |location=New Delhi |page=391|language=ur |chapter=Qari Abu al-Hasan Azami |chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/TOOBAA-fuzla-e-deoband-ki-qurani-khidmat/page/390/mode/1up}}</ref>

His other authored and compiled works include the following:{{Sfn|Haridwari|2004|pp=348–423}}{{Sfn|Azami|2019|pp=448–461}}<ref>{{Cite web |last=Safdar |first=Muhammad Alqama |date=2023-12-12 |title=علماءِ دیوبند اور قرآنی خدمات |trans-title=Deoband scholars and Quranic services |url=https://sailerawan.com/elementor-9063/ |access-date=2025-10-27 |website=Saile Rawan |language=ur}}</ref>
* ''Mukhtaṣar Maʿārif al-Qur’ān'' (a three-volume abridgment of [[Muhammad Shafi Usmani]]’s tafsīr ''Maʿārif al-Qur’ān'', incorporating notes on qirā’āt variations in each surah)
* ''Qawāʿid al-Tajwīd'' (a book written on the rules of [[Tajwid]], keeping in mind the psychology of children<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Hanfi |first1=Muzaffar |url=https://www.rekhta.org/ebooks/wazahati-kitabiyat-volume-003-gopi-chand-narang-muzaffar-hanfi-ebooks#663 |title=Wazahati Kitabiyat 1979–1980 |last2=Narang |first2=Gopi Chand |author-link2=Gopi Chand Narang |publisher=[[NCPUL]] |year=1996 |edition=First |location=New Delhi |page=681 |language=ur |trans-title=Descriptive Bibliography 1979–1980}}</ref>)
* ''al-Dirāsāt fī ʿIlm al-Tajwīd wa al-Qirā’āt''
* ''ʿIlm al-Tajwīd wa al-Qirā’āt: Ahamiyyat wa Ḍarūrat – Ek Jaiza''
* ''Naṯr al-Marjān fī Taʿdād Āyāt al-Qur’ān''
* ''Ghunyat al-Ṭālibīn fī Tadhkirat al-Imām al-Shāṭibī''
* ''Tadhkirat al-Taṣānīf wa al-Muṣannifīn''
* ''Ḥaḍrat Thanwī ke Pasandīdah Wāqiʿāt''
* ''Abu ʿUbayd al-Qāsim ibn Sallām: Who Was He?''
* ''Ye The Shaykh al-Islām Mawlānā Ḥusayn Aḥmad Madanī''
* ''Imām al-Hind Mawlānā Abul Kalam Azad''
* ''Dhikr al-Abrār''
* ''Ek Dil Āwīz Shakhṣiyyat: Mawlānā ʿAbd al-Khāliq Madrasī''
* ''Dīnī Taʿlīm aur Madāris''
* ''Adillat al-Arbaʿah se ʿIlm''
* ''Adillat al-Arbaʿah se ʿIlm al-Tajwīd ka Thubūt''<ref name="Choudhary" />
* ''Ithāf al-Barrarah bi al-Mutūn al-ʿAsharah'' (critical edition)<ref>{{Cite book |last=Makki |first=Ibn al-Uqaila|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EfJLCwAAQBAJ&pg=PT419 |title=Al-Ziyādah wa al-Iḥsān fī ʿUlūm al-Qur'ān |publisher=[[University of Sharjah]] |year=2006 |edition=1st |volume=10 |location=Sharjah |page=420 |language=ar}}</ref>

== References ==
=== Sources ===
{{Reflist}}

=== Bibliography ===
{{Refbegin}}
* {{Cite book|last=Haridwari|first=Muhammad Ikram|title=Tū ne Sayyāre Tarāshe hain Charāgh-e-Shām se Yaani Sawāneh-e-Hayāt Sheikh-ul-Qurrā' Maulana Qari Abul Hasan Azami |url=https://www.rekhta.org/ebooks/detail/sawaneh-hayat-abul-hasan-aazami-ebooks|publisher=Madrasa Darul Uloom Siddiquiya|location=Nalhīṛah, Anantpur, [[Haridwar district]]|year=2004|language=ur}}
* {{Cite book|last=Azami|first=Abul Hasan|title=Yaadon Ki Kahkashān |url=|publisher=Al-Hira Book Depot|location=Deoband|year=2019|edition=1st|language=ur}}
{{Refend}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Azami, Abdul Hasan}}
[[Category:1941 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:People from Azamgarh district]]
[[Category:Indian Sunni Muslim scholars of Islam]]
[[Category:Deobandis]]
[[Category:Darul Uloom Deoband alumni]]
[[Category:Indian Quran reciters]]
[[Category:Urdu-language Indian writers]]
[[Category:Indian religious writers]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian writers]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian writers]]
[[Category:Disciples of Abrarul Haq Haqqi]]

Abul Hasan Azami - Revision history

Tradeunofabrics: Made initial details v1