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{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2019}}
{{Use Pakistani English|date=April 2019}}
{{Multiple issues|
{{BLP sources|date=May 2018}}
{{unreliable sources|date=May 2018}}
}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| honorific_prefix =
| name = Abida Hussain
| native_name = 
| native_name_lang = 
| honorific_suffix =
| image =
| image_size = 260px
| image_upright =
| smallimage = 
| alt =
| caption = Abida Hussain in 2016
| order = [[Ministry of National Food Security and Research|Minister of Food and Agriculture]]
| office =
| term_start = 21 February 1997
| term_end = [[1999 Pakistani coup d'état|12 October 1999]]
| alongside = 
| monarch =
| president =
| governor_general =
| primeminister = [[Nawaz Sharif]]
| taoiseach =
| chancellor =
| governor =
| vicepresident =
| viceprimeminister =
| deputy =
| lieutenant =
| succeeding = 
| parliamentarygroup =
| constituency = [[Constituency NA-87|NA-87]]
| majority =
| predecessor = [[Nawab Muhammad Yousuf|Yousuf Talpur]]
| successor = [[Sikandar Hayat Khan Bosan|Sikandar Hayat Bosan]]
| prior_term =

| order2 = [[Ministry of Planning and Development (Pakistan)|Minister of Population Control and Census]]
| office2 =
| term_start2 = 21 July 1997
| term_end2 = [[1999 Pakistani coup d'état|12 October 1999]]
| deputy2 = [[Ahsan Iqbal]] {{small|([[Deputy Chairman|Dy Chair.]] of the [[Planning Commission (Pakistan)|PLANCOM]])}}
| predecessor2 = [[Julius Salik]]
| successor2 = [[Omar Asghar Khan]]

| order3 = [[Pakistan Ambassador to the United States]]
| office3 =
| term_start3 = 26 November 1991
| term_end3 = 24 April 1993
| president3 = [[Ghulam Ishaq Khan]]
| appointer3 = [[Nawaz Sharif]]
| predecessor3 = [[Najmuddin Shaikh]]
| successor3 = Dr. [[Maliha Lodhi]]

| pronunciation =
| birth_name = Syed Abida Hussain
| birth_date = {{Birth year and age|1948}}<ref name="The Telegraph, Swamy, 2016"/>{{refn|According to the launching ceremony of Abida Hussain's book in Delhi in 2016, the ''[[Telegraph India]]'' noted and quoted her age 68 in 2016. While, earlier, the political taboloid, [[The Nation (Pakistan)|''The Nation'']] reported her age 66 in 2014.|name="name" |group=note}}
| birth_place = [[Jhang]], [[Punjab, Pakistan|Punjab]], [[Pakistan]]
| death_date = 
| death_place =
| death_cause =
| resting_place =
| resting_place_coordinates =
| citizenship = Pakistani
| nationality =
| party = [[Pakistan Tehreek e Insaf]]
| otherparty = [[Pakistan Peoples Party]] {{small|(2006–2013)}}
| height = 
| spouse = [[Fakhar Imam]]
| partner = 
| relations = [[Jugnu Mohsin]] (cousin)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pap.gov.pk/members/profile/en/21/1430|title = Punjab Assembly | Members - Members' Directory}}</ref>
| children = [[Sughra Imam]] {{small|(Daughter)}}
| parents = 
| mother = 
| father = 
| relatives =
| residence =
| education =
| alma_mater = [[Bahauddin Zakariya University]] {{small|([[Bachelor of Arts|B.A.]] in [[Political Science|Poly Sci.]])}} 
| profession = Landlord, diplomat
| known_for =
| salary =
| net_worth = 
}}

'''Syeda Abida Hussain–Imam''' ({{lang-ur|سيدہ عابدہ حسین}}  b. 1948<ref name="The Telegraph, Swamy, 2016" />) is a Pakistani [[conservative]] politician, [[diplomat]], and [[socialite]] on the platform of the [[Pakistan Muslim League (N)]].<ref name="The Nation, Hassan, 2014">{{cite news|last1=Hassan|first1=Mubashir|title=Abida to keep 'small political role' sans active politics|url=https://nation.com.pk/21-Feb-2014/abida-to-keep-small-political-role-sans-active-politics|accessdate=27 May 2018|work=The Nation|agency=The Nation|publisher=The Nation|date=21 February 2014}}</ref>

Born into a [[jagir|feudal family]] in Pakistan, she served as the [[Pakistan Ambassador to the United States]] from 1991 to 1993, and the [[Ministry of National Food Security and Research|Minister of Food and Agriculture]] [[Ministry of Planning and Development (Pakistan)|Population Control]] in the second administration of Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif from 1997 until [[1999 Pakistani coup d'état|being removed]] in 1999.<ref name="Dawn Newspapers, Report, 2015">{{cite news|last1=Reporter|first1=A|title=Pakistan's political history in the words of Abida Hussain|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1156714|accessdate=27 May 2018|work=DAWN.COM|agency=Dawn Newspapers|publisher=Dawn Newspapers|date=13 January 2015}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.dawn.com/news/1193982|title=COVER: A gilded life: Power Failure by Syeda Abida Hussain|date=2015-07-13|newspaper=DAWN.COM|access-date=2016-12-04}}</ref>

She is known for her political views that reflect [[fiscal conservatism]] on [[Economy of Pakistan|economical issues]] as well as for her [[Environmental conservatism|conservation]] of the [[Environment of Pakistan|environment]] and [[Wildlife of Pakistan|wildlife]] of Pakistan.<ref name="Far Eastern Economic Review">{{cite book|title=Far Eastern Economic Review|date=1985|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0VlOAQAAIAAJ&q=abida+hussain+conservative|accessdate=29 May 2018|language=en}}</ref>

==Biography==
===Early life and family background===
{{Main|Pakistani political families|Pakistani billionaires}}
Abida Hussain was born in [[Jhang]], [[Punjab, Pakistan|Punjab]] in [[Pakistan]], into a [[Feudalism in Pakistan|wealthy family that owns]] [[farmhouse]]s, [[cattle range]]s, and [[ranch]]es in 1948.<ref name="The Telegraph, Swamy, 2016">{{cite news|last1=Swamy|first1=Kumara|title='I don't think Mr Modi is politically interested in starting a serious conversation with Pakistan'|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/1160313/jsp/7days/story_74188.jsp|accessdate=29 May 2018|work=The Telegraph|agency=The Telegraph|publisher=The Telegraph , 2016|date=13 March 2016|location=New Delhi|language=en-uk|quote={{small|According to The Telegraph in India, Abida Hussain age was 68 in 2016.}}}}</ref> Her father, [[Feudalism in Pakistan|landlord]] Syed Abid Hussain Shah, was an honorary [[Colonel (United Kingdom)|Colonel]] in the [[British Indian Army|Indian Army]] and a politician who was elected on the platform of the [[All-India Muslim League|Muslim League]] for a seat in the [[Constituent Assembly of India|Constituent Assembly]] of [[British India|India]] in [[1945 Indian general election|1945–47]].<ref name="Syed Abida Hussain bio (web)">{{cite web|last1=Hussain-Imam|first1=S. Abida|title=Abida's Story|url=http://syedaabidahussain.com/abidas-story/|website=syedaabidahussain.com|publisher=Syed Abida Hussain bio (web)|accessdate=28 May 2018|archive-date=28 May 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180528134318/http://syedaabidahussain.com/abidas-story/|url-status=dead}}</ref> He first served as cabinet minister in the [[Ministry of Talents]] of Prime Minister [[Mohammad Ali Bogra]] in 1954–55, and later as cabinet minister in the [[Feroze Khan administration|administration]] of Prime Minister [[Firoz Khan Noon|Feroze Khan]] in 1958.<ref name="Syed Abida Hussain bio (web)"/>

Hussain received a [[British education]] at the elite [[Convent of Jesus and Mary, Lahore|Convent of Jesus and Mary]] in Lahore where she qualified for her [[Senior Cambridge|Cambridge exams]] and later completed her [[GCE Advanced Level|O]] and [[GCE Advanced Level|A-Level]] qualifications from [[Surval Montreux]] in [[Switzerland]].<ref name="Syed Abida Hussain bio (web)"/> She spent additional semesters studying [[history]] in [[Florence]] in [[Italy]] but did not obtain her degree and returned to [[Pakistan]] after being [[Arranged marriages in Pakistan|arranged to marry]] [[Syed Fakhar Imam|Fakhar Imam]], [[Cousin marriage|her cousin]], who was a bureaucrat at that time.<ref name="Syed Abida Hussain bio (web)"/><ref name="Dawn Newspapers, Siddiqi, 2015">{{cite news|last1=Siddiqi|first1=Muhammad Ali|title=COVER: A gilded life: Power Failure by Syeda Abida Hussain|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1193982|accessdate=28 May 2018|work=DAWN.COM|agency=Dawn Newspapers|publisher=Dawn Newspapers|date=13 July 2015}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.pakistanherald.com/profile/syed-fakhar-imam-1169|title=Syed Fakhar Imam|newspaper=Pakistan Herald|access-date=2016-12-17}}</ref>

After the [[1999 Pakistani coup d'état|military takeover]] in 1999 and the [[Legal Framework Order, 2002|presidential ordnance]] enforced in 2002, Abida was disqualified from participating in [[Politics of Pakistan|national politics]] due to the lack of submitting proof of a [[baccalaureate degree]] to the [[Election Commission of Pakistan|Election Commission]], which is a requirement.<ref name="Dawn Newspapers, Siddiqi, 2015"/> In 2002, she went to attend the [[Undergraduate|undergraduate program]] in [[Economics]] at the [[Bahauddin Zakariya University]] (BZU) but switched her major, and graduated with [[Bachelor of Arts|B.A.]] in [[Political Science]] in 2008.<ref name="Dawn Newspapers, Siddiqi, 2015"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pakistantoday.com.pk/blog/2015/04/11/bittersweet-memories-of-abida-hussain/|title=Bittersweet memories of Abida Hussain|website=www.pakistantoday.com.pk|access-date=2016-12-17}}</ref>

===Personal life===

Abida Hussain is married to [[Fakhar Imam]] who is also a politician on [[PML-N|PML(N)]]'s platform.<ref name="Syed Abida Hussain bio (web)" />

Her daughter, [[Sughra Imam|Sughra]], pursued her footsteps and is also a politician on the [[PML-N|PML(N)]]'s platform and currently tenuring in the [[Provincial Assembly of the Punjab]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Punjab Assembly|url=http://www.pap.gov.pk/index.php/members/profile/en/9/172|website=www.pap.gov.pk|accessdate=27 May 2018}}</ref>

== Public service in Pakistan ==
===Mayor of Jhang===
After her father's death in 1971, Abida Hussain entered [[Politics in Pakistan|national politics]] on the platform of the [[Pakistan Peoples Party]] (PPP) and won [[Constituency PP-76 (Jhang-IV)|Jhang constituency]] during the [[1970 Pakistani general elections|general elections]] held in 1970.<ref name="Dawn Newspapers, Moini, 2016">{{cite news|last1=Moini|first1=Qasim A.|title=We have failed to handle power, says Abida Hussain|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1162488|accessdate=29 May 2018|work=Dawn.com |publisher=Dawn Newspapers |date=9 February 2015}}</ref><ref name="Dawn Newspapers, et.al reporters, 2007">{{cite news |title=Old rivals, new faces in Jhang political circus|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/268471|accessdate=29 May 2018|work=Dawn.com |publisher=Dawn Newspapers|date=27 September 2007}}</ref> After being elected to the [[Provincial Assembly of the Punjab|Provincial Assembly]] of Punjab, she was appointed chairperson of the People's Workers Programme, and sat as a backbencher.<ref name="Dawn Newspapers, et.al reporters, 2007"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pap.gov.pk/index.php/members/profile/en/9/172|title=Punjab Assembly|website=www.pap.gov.pk|access-date=2016-12-17}}</ref> In 1974–75, she was opposed to the [[Nationalization in Pakistan|nationalization of industries and land reforms]] initiated by [[Prime Minister of Pakistan|Prime Minister]] [[Zulfikar Ali Bhutto]], causing strains with her in the party.<ref name="Dawn Newspapers, Moini, 2016"/>

In 1977, she lost her party's constituency nomination to [[Ghulam Haider Bharwana|Haider Bharwana]].<ref name="Dawn Newspapers, et.al reporters, 2007"/> In 1979, she was elected [[Mayor]] of [[Jhang District|Jhang]], becoming the first woman to head a [[Local government in Pakistan|city government]], and was re-elected in 1983.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://nation.com.pk/national/13-Jan-2015/abida-narrates-political-autobiography|title=Abida narrates political autobiography|newspaper=The Nation|language=en-US|access-date=2016-12-17}}</ref>

When the [[1985 Pakistani general election|1985 general election]] was announced, she joined the [[Pakistan Muslim League]] (PML) and stood in [[Constituency NA-87]] against clergy member, Rehmatullah Bharwana; she was noted as the first woman first women to be elected to the [[National Assembly of Pakistan|National Assembly]] on a general seat.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.brecorder.com/general-news/172/1141179/|title=Confessions of a feudal lord's daughter {{!}} Business Recorder|last=Recorder|first=Business|website=Business Recorder|access-date=2016-12-17}}</ref> In 1988, she sided with the conservative faction led by [[Fida Mohammad Khan]], and joined the [[Pakistan Muslim League (N)|PML(N)]] led by its [[President of Pakistan Muslim League (N)|President]] [[Fida Mohammad Khan|Fida Mohammad]].<ref name="Oxford University Press, A. Hussain, 2015">{{cite book|last1=Hussain|first1=Syeda Abida|title=Power Failure: The Political Odyssey of a Pakistani Woman|date=2015|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=Karahi, Pakistan|isbn=9780199401574|page=707|edition=1st|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nMizoAEACAAJ&q=Power+failure+Abida|accessdate=29 May 2018|language=en-pak}}</ref>

In the [[1990 Pakistani general elections|1990 general election]], she fought the election against the influential cleric, [[Haq Nawaz Jhangvi|Haq-Nawaz Jhangvi]], who later founded the violent [[Lashkar-e-Jhangvi|LeJ]] after losing the elections for [[Constituency NA-87]] to Abida Hussain.<ref name="Dawn Newspapers, Reporters, 2015">{{cite news|last1=Reporter|first1=A|title=Pakistan's political history in the words of Abida Hussain|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1156714|accessdate=29 May 2018|work=DAWN.COM|agency=Dawn Newspapers|publisher=Dawn Newspapers, 2015|date=13 January 2015}}</ref> After her name was [[Contract killing|placed on a hit list]] by the [[Lashkar-e-Jhangvi|LeJ]], [[Prime Minister of Pakistan|Prime Minister]] [[Nawaz Sharif]] became concerned for her safety, and immediately appointed her as the [[Pakistan Ambassador to the United States]] effective immediately in 1990.<ref name="The Telegraph, Swamy, 2016" /><ref name="Dawn Newspapers, Reporters, 2015"/>

=== Pakistan Ambassador to the United States ===

On 26 November 1991, Abida Hussain took the charge of the [[plenipotentiary]] of the [[Embassy of Pakistan, Washington, D.C.|Pakistan Embassy]] in the [[Washington, D.C.]] in the [[United States]]— she was the first woman diplomat to be appointed as the [[Pakistan Ambassador to the United States]].<ref name="The Telegraph, Swamy, 2016" /><ref name="Dawn Newspapers, Reporters, 2015"/> Her appointment came at the troublant time for the [[Pakistan–United States relations|foreign relations]] with the [[United States]], due to Americans placing the [[Pressler amendment|military embargo]] on the [[Pakistani military|Pakistan's military]].<ref name="Dawn Newspapers, Siddiqi, 2015" /> She acted as Pakistan's principle negotiator with the [[US State Department|United States Department of State]], and described the meetings with the American officials stressful due to Americans keep demanding the rollback of the [[Pakistan and its Nuclear Deterrent Program|clandestine atomic bomb program]].<ref name="nuclear weapons"/>

At the time of her launch of her [[autobiography]], she later identified the issue of [[nuclear weapons]] was the principal source of distress between bilateral ties of [[Pakistan]] and the [[United States]].<ref name="nuclear weapons">{{cite web|url=https://fas.org/news/pakistan/1992/920731.html|title=Pakistan|last=|first=|date=|website=|publisher=|access-date=}}</ref> Hussain has written in her memoir that the "conversations and negotiations with the American functionaries and the American politicians were quite rough. Because they would make only one demand— "Roll back your [atomic] program". And, since I was quite clear that we cannot do that, our conversations were not friendly."<ref name=":1">{{Cite news|url=http://tribune.com.pk/story/1104005/political-musings-abida-recalls-her-experience-as-ambassador-to-us/|title=Political musings: Abida recalls her experience as ambassador to US – The Express Tribune|date=2016-05-16|newspaper=The Express Tribune|language=en-US|access-date=2016-12-17}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OUSTDAAAQBAJ&q=abida+hussain+2003&pg=PA65|title=US-Pakistan Relations: Pakistan's Strategic Choices in the 1990s|last=Farooq|first=Nasra Talat|date=2016-07-01|publisher=Routledge|isbn=9781317358497|language=en}}</ref> In talks with the Prime Minister Sharif in Islamabad, Abida Hussain recommended cancelling of the acquisitions of the [[F-16 Falcon|F-16s]] fighter jets and have funds refunded from the [[United States government]], which Sharif was also of the same view point.<ref name=":1"/>

Abida later leveled accusations on the American contractor, [[General Dynamics]], of bribing her after making the suggestions as the contractor wanted Pakistan to continue funding the [[F-16 Falcon|F-16 program]] for the [[Pakistan Air Force]] till the contract ends.<ref name=":1" /> She also maintained that the chair of the [[board of directors]] of the [[General Dynamics]], offered her to pay off her children's expensive education in [[Harvard University|Harvard]] and [[Yale University|Yale]], and also offered an estate in [[Washington, D.C.]]– she rejected the offers and confided her conversation to Prime Minister Sharif in 1993.<ref name=":1" /><ref>[http://tribune.com.pk/story/1104005/political-musings-abida-recalls-her-experience-as-ambassador-to-us "Political musings: Abida recalls her experience as ambassador to US" – ''The Express Tribune'']. Abida quoted her conservation with the Chair of the General Dynamics, quote: You have two daughters studying in Harvard which is a very expensive school. Could we help you out with their education?</ref>

In an interview with [[The Telegraph (Calcutta)|''The Telegraph'']] in 2016 in India, Abida Hussain claimed that, [[Vice President of the United States|U.S. Vice President]] [[Al Gore]] mistook her twice as her deputy chief was the ambassador.<ref name="The Telegraph, Swamy, 2016" /> After the [[1993 Pakistani general elections|general elections]] held in 1993, Prime Minister [[Benazir Bhutto]] recalled her from her diplomatic assignment, and posted Dr. [[Maleeha Lodhi|Maliha Lodhi]], a career officer, as the Pakistan Ambassador to the United States.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://articles.latimes.com/1994-04-05/news/wr-42277_1_maleeha-lodhi|title=Profile : New Envoy Aims to End Pakistan's 'Rogue' Image : Maleeha Lodhi's credentials include an eye for power, a blue-blood pedigree, a career in journalism and a thousand-watt smile.|last=DAHLBURG|first=JOHN-THOR|date=1994-04-05|newspaper=Los Angeles Times|language=en-US|issn=0458-3035|access-date=2016-12-17}}</ref>

=== Minister of Food and Census in Sharif administration ===
{{Main|1998 Pakistan Census|War hawk}}

After returning to Pakistan, Abida Hussain worked towards the [[Agriculture in Pakistan|agriculture]], and sat in the [[Leader of the Opposition (Pakistan)|opposition bench]] in the [[Parliament of Pakistan|Parliament]], and credited Sharif of agriculture revolution by introducing effective tube wells during the election campaign of Nawaz Sharif in 1997.<ref name="Dawn Newspapers, Report, 2015" />

In 1994, she was implicated of receiving [[Mehrangate|financial funding from the]] [[Pakistani intelligence community|intelligence community]], and testified in the [[Panama Papers case|case hearings]] in 2016 at the [[Supreme Court of Pakistan]] that "we (conservatives) were led to believe that it was an election fund for members of the government."<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1160313/jsp/7days/story_74188.jsp|title='I don't think Mr Modi is politically interested in starting a serious conversation with Pakistan'|date=2016-03-13|access-date=2016-12-17}}</ref>

After successfully defending her constituency during the [[1997 Pakistani general election|general elections]] held in 1997, Abida Hussain joined the second administration of Prime Minister Sharif as the [[Ministry of National Food Security and Research|Minister of Food and Agriculture]] and later becoming the [[Ministry of Planning and Development (Pakistan)|Ministry of Population Control and Census]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.dawn.com/news/1156714|title=Pakistan's political history in the words of Abida Hussain|date=2015-01-13|newspaper=DAWN.COM|access-date=2016-12-04}}</ref><ref>[http://www.dawn.com/news/1156714/ Pakistan’s political history in the words of Abida Hussain]</ref> She was later rumored to be appointed in the [[United Nations]] as [[Permanent Representative of Pakistan to the United Nations|Permanent Representative of Pakistan]] but this appointment was never considered.<ref name="dt1110">{{cite news|url=http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2010\11\11\story_11-11-2010_pg1_4|title=Abida Hussain to be appointed new UN envoy|date=2010-11-10|publisher=Daily Times|accessdate=2010-01-10}}</ref>

In 1998, she notably oversaw the successful and peaceful [[1998 Pakistan Census|nationwide census]] in all over the country.{{rp|225}}<ref name="Routledge, Qadeer, 2006">{{cite book|last1=Qadeer|first1=Mohammad|title=Pakistan – Social and Cultural Transformations in a Muslim Nation|date=2006|publisher=Routledge|isbn=9781134186174|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ll02P7G5XD8C&q=abida+hussain+census&pg=PA285|accessdate=29 May 2018|language=en}}</ref>{{rp|2}}<ref>{{cite book|title=Population Headliners|date=1999|publisher=Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BwgmAQAAMAAJ&q=abida+hussain+census|accessdate=29 May 2018|language=en}}</ref> When India conducted the [[Operation Shakti|nuclear tests]] in May 1998, Abida Hussain became one of the [[war hawk]] in the party, ultimately calling to break [[Policy of deliberate ambiguity|policy]] of deliberate ambiguity, and conduct the [[Chagai-I|atomic tests in response]] to India.<ref name="Oxford University Press, A. Hussain, 2015" /> Over the [[Kargil war|Kargil front]] in 1999, she sided with Prime Minister Sharif, and ultimately suggesting to call for the meeting with the [[Chairman Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee|Chairman joint chiefs]] [[General|Gen.]] [[Pervez Musharraf]] over this issue.<ref name="Mittal Publications, Akbar, 1999">{{cite book|last1=Akbar|first1=M. K.|title=Kargil: Cross Border Terrorism|date=1999|publisher=Mittal Publications|isbn=9788170997344|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tmVuAAAAMAAJ&q=abida+|accessdate=29 May 2018|language=en}}</ref>

After the [[1999 Pakistani coup d'état|military takeover]] of the federal government in 1999, Abida was imprisoned in [[Adiala Jail|Adiala Prison]] alongside with the leadership of the PML(N), and an inquiry was opened on her financial wealth that ultimately called her "a major defaulter."{{rp|contents}}<ref name="Grosvenor House Publishing, Sehri">{{cite book|last1=Sehri|first1=Inam|title=Judges and Generals of Pakistan Volume – I|date=2012|publisher=Grosvenor House Publishing|isbn=9781781480434|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gzllAgAAQBAJ&q=abida+hussain+kargil&pg=PT278|accessdate=29 May 2018|language=en}}</ref>

Though, she was later released in 2002 with no inquiry actions taken against her.{{rp|contents}}<ref name="Grosvenor House Publishing, Sehri"/> Abida Hussain later testified that the inquiries were drop due to her agreeing on a deal with the [[Pervez Musharraf|Musharraf administration]] to defect to the [[PML(Q)|splinter faction]] under [[Shujaat Hussain]], that would allow her to take participation in the [[2013 Pakistani general election|general elections]] that were held in 2002.<ref name="Golden Age, Shahzad, 2017" /> Despite agreeing on a deal with Musharraf's administration, she was disqualified to take further participation in [[2013 Pakistani general election|general elections]] held in 2002, mainly due to failure to submit the proof of [[Bachelor's degree|baccalaureate degree]] at that time.<ref name="Golden Age, Shahzad, 2017" />

===Political positions and views===

Abida Hussain's political views reflects the [[fiscal conservatism]] on economic issues, and [[environmental conservatism]] on [[Wildlife of Pakistan|wildlife issues]] in her country, as she opposed to the issue of [[Nationalization in Pakistan|nationalization of corporate industry]] by the government as it did not suit well with the conservative industrialists.{{rp|17}}<ref name="Far Eastern Economic Review"/> She also sided with Prime Minister Sharif's over many national security issues, and called for the [[Civilian control of the military|civilian control]] of the military after 1999.{{rp|359}}<ref name="Mittal Publications, Akbar, 1999" />

In 2002, Abida Hussain was disqualified from participating in the national politics by the [[Election Commission of Pakistan|Election Commission]] due to her lack of proof to submit the [[baccalaureate degree]] after the controversial [[Legal Framework Order, 2002|new executive order]] signed by President Musharraf.<ref name="The Guardian, McCarthy, 2002"/> The new order eventually forced her to attend the university for the college degree to ensure the survival of her political career.<ref name="The Guardian, McCarthy, 2002">{{cite news|last1=McCarthy|first1=Rory|title=The general's elections in Pakistan|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2002/jul/12/worlddispatch.pakistan|accessdate=29 May 2018|work=The Guardian|agency=The Guardian|date=12 July 2002|language=en-uk|quote={{small|One senior Pakistan Muslim League leader, Abida Hussain, has reportedly just sat BA exams at a university in Multan to ensure she qualifies to stand in October's election.}}}}</ref> In 2006, she conditionally agreed to join the [[Pakistan Peoples Party]] after disagreement arises with the PML(N) over the policy issues.<ref name="dt1106">{{cite news|url=http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2006\11\27\story_27-11-2006_pg7_14|title=Abida and Fakhar all set to join PPP conditionally|date=2006-11-27|publisher=Daily Times|accessdate=2010-01-10}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thenews.com.pk/archive/print/646915-row-deepens-after-abida,-fakhr-join-ppp|title=Row deepens after Abida, Fakhr join PPP|website=www.thenews.com.pk|access-date=2016-12-17}}</ref> In 2007, she harbour doubts on Musharraf' promises on giving security to [[Benazir Bhutto]] and reportedly [[Benazir Bhutto]] to avoid attending the political rally in [[Liaqat National Bagh|National Park]] in [[Rawalpindi]], which Benazir Bhutto attended and was [[Assassination of Benazir Bhutto|assassinated]].<ref name=":0"/><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.dawn.com/news/1162488|title=We have failed to the handle power, says Abida Hussain|date=2015-02-09|newspaper=DAWN.COM|access-date=2016-12-17}}</ref> In 2008, Abida and her husband, Fakhar, reportedly lost the [[2008 Pakistani general election|general election]], and reportedly seek their retirement after Abida and Fakhar left the PPP in 2012.<ref name="Golden Age, Shahzad, 2017">{{cite news|last1=Shahzad|first1=Mohammad|title=Interview with Syed Abida Hussain-Imam|url=http://globalagemagazine.kipscss.net/ArticleDetail/2017/May/interview-with-syeda-abida-hussain|accessdate=30 May 2018|work=globalagemagazine.kipscss.net|agency=Golden Age|publisher=Golden Age, 2017|date=1 May 2017|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Three heavyweights may join PML-N – The Express Tribune|url=https://tribune.com.pk/story/408535/three-heavyweights-may-join-pml-n/|accessdate=29 May 2018|work=The Express Tribune|date=15 July 2012}}</ref>

During the [[2013 Pakistani general election|general election]], in 2013, Abida Hussain supported the PML-N candidate in Jhang by-elections, and ran her [[Sughra Imam|daughter's]] successful campaign to be elected for the [[Provincial Assembly of the Punjab]] on the platform of the PML(N).<ref>{{cite news|title=Abida to keep 'small political role' sans active politics|url=https://nation.com.pk/E-Paper/Islamabad/2014-02-21/page-3/detail-5|work=The Nation}}</ref> She reportedly quit the politics and currently overseeing the horse racing and breeding in her constituency.<ref name="The Telegraph, Swamy, 2016" /> In 2016, she spoke very high of Nawaz Sharif, whom she considered to be [[self-made man]] and leader in politics, and paid tribute to Sharif for the services his done for his country's environment and agriculture.<ref name="The Telegraph, Swamy, 2016" /><ref name="Dawn Newspapers, Report, 2015" />

== Bibliography ==
*Hussain, Syeda Abida (2015). Power Failure: The Political Odyssey of a Pakistani Woman (1st ed.). Karachi, Pakistan: Oxford University Press. p. 707. {{ISBN|9780199401574}}.
*{{Cite book|title=Special Star: Benazir Bhutto's Story|year=2007|last=Hussain|first=Syeda Abida|publisher=Oxford University Press|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=x3u7swEACAAJ|isbn=9780199407576}}

==See also==
*{{Portal bar|Pakistan|Punjab|Conservatism|Politics}}
*[[Democracy in Pakistan|Democratic movements in Pakistan]]
**[[Civilian control of the military]]
**[[Civil-military relations]]
**[[Khakistocracy]]
** [[Movement to impeach Pervez Musharraf]]
**[[Pervez Musharraf|''General Musharraf vs. Federation of Pakistan, et.al.'']]
*[[Post Cold War era]]
*[[Women in politics]]
*[[Pakistan Muslim League (N)]]

==References==
<references group="note" />
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{Cite news|title=Woman, moment, nation|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/columns/woman-moment-nation/|date=May 2, 2015|first=Khaled|last=Ahmed|newspaper=[[The Indian Express]]}}

{{s-start}}
{{s-dip}}
{{succession box |title=[[Pakistan Ambassador to the United States]]|
years=November 1991 – March 1993|
before=[[Najmuddin Shaikh]]|
after=[[Maliha Lodhi]]}}
{{end}}
{{Ambassadors of Pakistan to the United States}}
{{Conservatism in Pakistan}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Hussain, Abida}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1948 births]]
[[Category:Pakistani expatriates in Italy]]
[[Category:Pakistani expatriates in Switzerland]]
[[Category:Pakistani landowners]]
[[Category:Pakistani anti-communists]]
[[Category:Pakistan Muslim League (N) MNAs]]
[[Category:Pakistani racehorse owners and breeders]]
[[Category:Pakistani memoirists]]
[[Category:Pakistani women ambassadors]]
[[Category:Pakistani diplomats]]
[[Category:Punjab MPAs 1972–1977]]
[[Category:Pakistani MNAs 1985–1988]]
[[Category:Pakistani MNAs 1988–1990]]
[[Category:Women members of the National Assembly of Pakistan]]
[[Category:Ambassadors of Pakistan to the United States]]
[[Category:Nawaz Sharif administration]]
[[Category:Pakistani prisoners and detainees]]
[[Category:Convent of Jesus and Mary, Murree alumni]]
[[Category:People from Jhang District]]
[[Category:Bahauddin Zakariya University alumni]]

Abida Hussain - Revision history

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	==See also==		==See also==
	*~~{{Portal bar\|Pakistan\|Punjab\|Conservatism\|Politics}}~~		*
	*[[Democracy in Pakistan\|Democratic movements in Pakistan]]		*[[Democracy in Pakistan\|Democratic movements in Pakistan]]
	**[[Civilian control of the military]]		**[[Civilian control of the military]]