Isaac3301 at 21:25, 16 March 2026

2026-03-16T21:25:04Z

Ajay Kumar: Created a new article

2023-09-28T19:13:20Z

Created a new article

New page

{{Short description|Father of Prophet Muhammad (c. 546–566)}}
{{Religious text primary|date=May 2020}}

{{Infobox person
| name= {{unbulleted list|
* Abdullah ibn Abd al-Muttalib
* {{lang|ar|عبد الله بن عبد المطلب}}
}}
| image =
| caption =
| birth_date = {{circa|546 CE}}
| birth_place = [[Mecca]], [[Hejaz]], [[Arabia]] {{small|(present-day [[KSA]])}}
| death_date = {{circa}} {{death year and age|570|546}}
| death_place = [[Medina]], Hejaz {{small|(present-day KSA)}}
| resting_place = [[Dar-ul-Nabeghah]], Medina
| occupation = Merchant and clay-worker
| spouse = [[Aminah|Āminah bint Wahb]]
| children = [[Muhammad]] (son)
| father = [[Abd al-Muttalib|ʿAbdul Muṭṭalib ibn Hashim]]
| mother = [[Fatima bint Amr|Fāṭimah bint ʿAmr]]
| relations =
'''''Brothers'':'''{{bulleted list
| [[Al-Harith ibn Abd al-Muttalib|Al-Harith]] {{small|(half-brother)}}
| [[Abu Talib ibn Abd al-Muttalib|Abu Talib]] {{small|(full-brother)}}
| [[Abū Lahab]] {{small|(half-brother)}}
| [[Al-Zubayr ibn Abd al-Muttalib|Al-Zubayr]] {{small|(full-brother)}}
| [[Abbas ibn Abd al-Muttalib|Al-Abbas]] {{small|(half-brother)}}
| [[Hamza ibn Abd al-Muttalib|Hamza]] {{small|(half-brother)}}
| [[Hajl ibn Abd al-Muttalib|Hajl]] {{small|(half-brother)}}
| [[Al-Muqawwim ibn Abd al-Muttalib|Al-Muqawwim]] {{small|(half-brother)}}
}}

'''''Sisters'':'''{{bulleted list
| [[Umm Hakim bint Abd al-Muttalib|Al-Bayda]] {{small|(twin-sister)}}
| [[Umayma bint Abd al-Muttalib|Umaymah]] {{small|(full-sister)}}
| [[Arwa bint Abd al-Muttalib|Arwa]] {{small|(full-sister)}}
| [[Atika bint Abd al-Muttalib|'Atikah]] {{small|(full-sister)}}
| [[Barrah bint Abd al-Muttalib|Barrah]] {{small|(full-sister)}}
| [[Safiyya bint Abd al-Muttalib|Safiyyah]] {{small|(half-sister)}}
}}
| family = [[Banu Hashim]] of [[Quraysh]]
}}

'''Abdullah ibn Abd al-Muttalib''' ({{IPAc-en|æ|b|ˈ|d|ʊ|l|ə}}; {{lang-ar|عبد الله بن عبد المطلب|ʿAbd Allāh ibn ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib}}; {{circa|546–570}}) was the father of the [[Prophets and messengers in Islam|Islamic prophet]] [[Muhammad]].<ref name=Hisham>Ibn Hisham note 97.</ref><ref name=Saad8>Muhammad ibn Saad, ''Tabaqat'' vol. 8. Translated by Bewley, A. (1995). ''The Women of Madina''. London: Ta-Ha Publishers.</ref> He was the son of [[Abd al-Muttalib]] [[Patronymic#Arabic|ibn]] [[Hashim ibn Abd Manaf|Hashim]] and [[Fatima bint Amr]] of the [[Banu Makhzum|Makhzum Clan]].<ref>Muhammad ibn Sa'ad. ''Kitab al-Tabaqat al-Kabir''. Translated by Haq, S. M. (1967). ''Ibn Sa'd's Kitab al-Tabaqat al-Kabir Volume I Parts I & II'', pp. 99-100. Delhi: Kitab-Bhavan.</ref>

He was married to [[Aminah|Āminah bint Wahb]].<ref name="Al-A'zami 2003">{{cite book |last=Al-A'zami |first=Muhammad Mustafa |author-link=Muhammad Mustafa Al-A'zami |year=2003 |title=The History of The Qur'anic Text: From Revelation to Compilation: A Comparative Study with the Old and New Testaments |pages=22–24 |publisher=UK Islamic Academy |isbn=978-1-8725-3165-6}}</ref> [[Muhammad]] was their only offspring.

==Name==
''ʿAbd [[Allah|Allāh]]'' means "servant of [[God in Islam|God]]" or "slave of [[God]]". His full name was ʿAbdullāh ibn [[Abd al-Muttalib|ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib]] ibn [[Hashim ibn Abd al-Manaf|Hāshim ('Amr)]] ibn [[Abd al-Manaf ibn Qusai|Abd Manāf (al-Mughīra)]] ibn [[Qusai ibn Kilab|Qusayy (Zayd)]] ibn [[Kilab ibn Murrah|Kilāb]] ibn Murra ibn Ka`b ibn Lu'ayy ibn Ghālib ibn [[Quraysh (tribe)|Fahr (Quraysh)]] ibn Mālik ibn [[Banu Kinanah#An-Nadr ibn Kinanah|an-Naḑr (Qays)]] ibn [[Banu Kinanah|Kinānah]] ibn [[Mudhar#Khuzaimah bin Mudrika|Khuzaymah]] ibn Mudrikah ('Āmir) ibn [[:ar:إلياس بن مضر|Ilyas]] ibn [[Mudar|Muḍar]] ibn Nizār ibn [[Ma'ad|Ma'ād]] ibn [[Adnan|'Adnān]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.sunnipath.com/Resources/PrintMedia/Books/B0033P0005.aspx |title=SunniPath Library - Books - Ar-Raheeq Al-Makhtum - the Lineage and Family of Muhammad [pbuh] |access-date=2006-01-08 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060223180356/http://www.sunnipath.com/Resources/PrintMedia/Books/B0033P0005.aspx |archive-date=2006-02-23 }}</ref>

==Marriage==
His father chose for him Āminah daughter of [[Wahb ibn 'Abd Manaf|Wahb ibn 'Abd Munāf]] who was the grandson of [[Zuhrah ibn Kilab]], the brother of his great-great-grandfather [[Qusai ibn Kilab|Qusayy ibn Kilāb]]. Wahb had been the chief of [[Banu Zuhrah]] as well as its eldest and noblest member but had died some time previously and Āminah became a ward of his brother Wuhaib, who had succeeded him as chief of the clan.

His father went with him to the quarter of Banū Zuhrah. There, he sought the residence of Wuhayb and went in to ask for the hand of Wahb's daughter for his son. 'Abdullāh's father fixed his marriage with Aminah.<ref>Cook, Michael. ''Muhammad''. Oxford University Press: New York, 1983. {{ISBN|0-19-287605-8}}.</ref> It was said that a light shone out of his forehead and that this light was the promise of a Prophet as offspring. Many women approached 'Abdullāh, who is reported to have been a handsome man, so that they might gain the honor of producing his offspring. However it is believed that, as decided by God, the light was destined to be transferred to Āminah through 'Abdullāh after consummating the marriage.<ref>Ibn Kathīr ''The Life of the Prophet Muḥammad : Volume 1''. Trans. Prof. Trevor Le Gassick. Garnet Publishing: Lebanon, 1998. {{ISBN|1-85964-142-3}}.</ref> 'Abdullāh's father was the custodian of the [[Kaaba]] in [[Mecca]]. 'Abdullāh lived with Āminah among her relatives the first three days of the marriage. Afterwards, they moved together to the quarter of 'Abdul-Muttalib.

==Death==
[[File:Nothing but Pigeons. Baqee, Madina (3144084879).jpg|thumb|[[Al-Baqi Cemetery]] in [[Medina]], where Abdullah and other relatives of his son [[Muhammad]] are believed to be buried. In the background is the tomb (marked by the [[Green Dome]]) and [[Al-Masjid an-Nabawi|Mosque of Muhammad]].]]

Soon after their marriage 'Abdullāh was called to [[Palestine (region)|Palestine]] and [[Syria]] (in what is ''[[Syria (region)|Ash-Shām]]'' or the [[Levant]]) on a trading caravan trip. When he left, Āminah was pregnant. 'Abdullāh was absent for several months in [[Gaza City|Gaza]]. On his way back he stopped for a longer rest with the family of his paternal grandmother, [[Salma bint Amr]], who belonged to the [[Banu Najjar|Najjar clan]] of the [[Banu Khazraj|Khazraj tribe]] in [[Medina]]. He was preparing to join a caravan to Mecca when he felt ill. The caravan went on without him to Mecca with news of his absence and disease. 'Abdul-Muttalib immediately sent his eldest son [[Harith ibn ‘Abd al-Muttalib|Al-Harith]] to Medina. However by the time Harith arrived, his brother Abdullah who was in his early twenties, was already dead and was buried shortly after he became unwell, Harith returned to Mecca to announce the death of 'Abdullāh to his aged father and his pregnant wife Āminah.<ref>Ibn Sa'd/Haq pp. 107-108.</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Armstrong |first=Karen |title=Muhammad: A Biography of the Prophet |publisher=Harper San Francisco |year=1993 |isbn=978-0062508867 |location=[[San Francisco]], the [[United States|U.S.A.]]}}</ref>

He was buried in Dar-ul-Nabeghah in [[Medina]] (today [[Saudi Arabia]]), and [[Destruction of early Islamic heritage sites in Saudi Arabia|his mausoleum was demolished]] on the 20th or 21st January, 1978. Reportedly he was reburied in [[Al-Baqi Cemetery|Al-Baqee' Graveyard]], next to [[Ibrahim ibn Muhammad|Muhammad's son Ibrahim]].{{cn|date=November 2022}}

==Estate==
'Abdullāh left five camels, a herd of sheep and goats, and an [[Kingdom of Aksum|Abyssinian]] slave nurse, called [[Umm Ayman (Barakah)|Umm Ayman]], who was to take care of his son [[Muhammad]].<ref>Ibn Sa'd/Haq p. 109.</ref> This patrimony does not prove that 'Abdullāh was wealthy, but at the same time it does not prove that he was poor. Rather, it shows that Muhammad was his heir. Furthermore, 'Abdullāh was still a young man capable of working and of amassing a fortune. His father was still alive and none of his wealth had as yet been transferred to his sons.<ref>Muhammad: His Life Based on the Earliest Sources, Martin Lings, George Allen & Unwin, 1983, p24</ref>

==Fate in the afterlife==
Islamic scholars have long been divided over the religious beliefs of Muhammad's parents and their fate in the afterlife.<ref name="Brown">{{Cite book |first=Jonathan A.C. |last=Brown |author-link=Jonathan A.C. Brown |year=2015 |title=Misquoting Muhammad: The Challenge and Choices of Interpreting the Prophet's Legacy |url=https://archive.org/details/misquotingmuhamm0000brow |url-access=registration |publisher=Oneworld Publications |pages=[https://archive.org/details/misquotingmuhamm0000brow/page/188 188]-189}}</ref> One transmission by [[Abu Dawood|Abu Dawud]] and [[Ibn Majah]] states that [[God in Islam|Allah]] ([[God]]) refused to forgive Aminah for her ''[[kafir|kufr]]'' (disbelief). Another transmission in [[List of Sunni books#Other Authentic Hadith collections|Musnad al-Bazzar]] states that the Muhammad's parents was brought back to life and accepted Islam, then returned to the ''[[Barzakh]]''.<ref name="Qadri_Suffah">{{citation |url=https://archive.org/details/ProphetsParent/page/n3 |title=The Parents of the Prophet Muhammad were Muslims |pages=11–28 |publisher=Suffah Foundation |author=Mufti Muhammad Khan Qadri}}</ref>{{rp|11}} Some [[Ash'ari]] and [[Shafi'i school|Shafi'i]] scholars argued that neither would be punished in the afterlife, as they were ''[[Ahl al-fatrah]]'', or "People of the interval" between the prophetic messages of [[Jesus in Islam|'Isa]] ([[Jesus]]) and [[Muhammad in Islam|Muhammad]].<ref name="Katz">{{cite book |title=The Birth of The Prophet Muhammad: Devotional Piety in Sunni Islam |url=https://archive.org/details/birthprophetmuha00katz|url-access=limited |last=Holmes Katz |first=Marion |page=[https://archive.org/details/birthprophetmuha00katz/page/n134 126]-128 |publisher=[[Routledge]] |year=2007 |isbn=978-1-1359-8394-9}}</ref> The concept of ''Ahl al-fatrah'' is not universally accepted among Islamic scholars, and there is debate concerning the extent of salvation available for active practitioners of ''[[Shirk (Islam)|Shirk]]'' ([[Polytheism]]),<ref>{{cite book |last=Rida |first=Rashid |title=Tafsir al-Manar |chapter=2:62 |pages=278–281 |url=http://shamela.ws/browse.php/book-12304#page-279 |access-date=2018-11-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181105004004/http://shamela.ws/browse.php/book-12304#page-279 |archive-date=2018-11-05 |url-status=dead}}</ref> though the majority of scholars have come to agree with it, and disregard the ''a[[hadith]]'' (narrations) stating that Muhammad's parents were condemned to hell.<ref name="Brown" />

While a work attributed to [[Abu Hanifa]]h, an early [[Sunni Islam|Sunni]] scholar, stated that both Aminah and Abdullah died upon their innate nature (''Mata 'ala al-fitrah''),<ref>{{citation |url=http://www.masud.co.uk/ISLAM/misc/parents.htm |title=Refuting the Claim that Imam Abu Hanifa was of the opinion that the Prophet's Parents were Kafirs |author=Dr. `Inayatullah Iblagh al-Afghanistani |publisher=Masud}}</ref> some later authors of ''[[mawlid]]'' texts related a tradition in which Aminah and Abdullah were temporarily [[Resurrection in Islam|revived]] and embraced Islam. Scholars like [[Ibn Taymiyya]]h stated that this was a lie, though [[Al-Qurtubi]] stated that the concept did not disagree with Islamic theology.<ref name=" Katz" /> According to [[Ali al-Qari]], the preferred view is that both the parents of Muhammad were Muslims.<ref name="Qadri_Suffah" />{{rp|28}} According to [[Al-Suyuti]], [[Ismail Hakki Bursevi|Isma'il Haqqi]], and other Islamic scholars, all of the narrations indicating that the parents of Muhammad were not forgiven were later abrogated when they were brought to life and accepted Islam.<ref name="Qadri_Suffah" />{{rp|24}} [[Shia Islam|Shia Muslims]] believe that all of Muhammad's ancestors, Aminah included, were [[Tawhid|monotheists]] who practiced the shariah of [[Abraham]], and were therefore entitled to [[Jannah|Paradise]]. A Shia tradition states that [[Allah]] forbade the fires of [[Jahannam|Hell]] from touching either of Muhammad's parents.<ref name="Rubin">{{cite journal |journal=Israel Oriental Studies |year=1975 |volume=5 |last=Rubin |first=Uri |title=Pre-Existence and Light—Aspects of the Concept of Nur Muhammad |pages=75–88}}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[Abdullah (name)]]
* [[Adnan]]
** [[Adnanites|Adnanite]] [[Ishmaelites|Ishmaelite]] [[Arabs]]
* ''[[Bayt al-Mawlid]]'', the [[Makkah Al Mukarramah Library|house]] where Muhammad is believed to have been born
* [[Family tree of Muhammad]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Muhammad footer}}
{{Adam to Muhammad}}
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:al-Muttalib, Abd Allah ibn Abd}}

[[Category:546 births]]
[[Category:570 deaths]]
[[Category:6th-century Arab people]]
[[Category:Family of Muhammad]]
[[Category:Banu Hashim]]
[[Category:Ancestors of Muhammad]]
[[Category:Burials at Jannat al-Baqī]]

Abdullah ibn Abd al-Muttalib - Revision history

Isaac3301 at 21:25, 16 March 2026

Ajay Kumar: Created a new article