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	==See also==		==See also==
	~~{{Portal\|India}}~~
	* [[Guided missiles of India]]		* [[Guided missiles of India]]
	* [[Indian Ballistic Missile Defence Programme]]		* [[Indian Ballistic Missile Defence Programme]]

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>Cewbot: Fix broken anchor: #Advanced Air Defence .28AAD.29.2FAshwin Ballistic Missile Interceptor→most alike anchor Indian Ballistic Missile Defence Programme#Advanced Air Defence (AAD)/Ashwin Ballistic Missile Interceptor, #Prithvi Air Defence .28PAD.29 .2F Pradyumna Ballistic Missile Interceptor→most alike anchor Indian Ballistic Missile Defence Programme#Prithvi Air Defence (PAD) / Pradyumna Ballistic Missile Interceptor

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Fix broken anchor: #Advanced Air Defence .28AAD.29.2FAshwin Ballistic Missile Interceptor→most alike anchor Indian Ballistic Missile Defence Programme#Advanced Air Defence (AAD)/Ashwin Ballistic Missile Interceptor, #Prithvi Air Defence .28PAD.29 .2F Pradyumna Ballistic Missile Interceptor→most alike anchor Indian Ballistic Missile Defence Programme#Prithvi Air Defence (PAD) / Pradyumna Ballistic Missile Interceptor

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{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2013}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2013}}
{{short description|Island off the coast of India}}
__NOTOC__
{{Infobox islands
|name=Dr. Abdul Kalam Island
| native_name =
| native_name_link = Odia language
| native_name_lang = or
| sobriquet =
| location = [[Bay of Bengal]]
| country=[[India]]
| image_name =
| image_size =
| image_caption =
| image_alt =
| map = India Odisha
| map_caption = Location of Abdul Kalam Island in Odisha, India
|coordinates={{coord|20.75804|87.085533|display=inline,title}}
|length_km = 2
|area_acre=390
| country_admin_divisions_title = State
| country_admin_divisions = [[Odisha]]
| country_admin_divisions_title_1 = District
| country_admin_divisions_1 = [[Bhadrak district]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.firstpost.com/india/wheeler-island-renamed-apj-abdul-kalam-island-on-former-presidents-death-anniversary-3865449.html|title=Wheeler Island renamed APJ Abdul Kalam Island on former president's death anniversary|website=Firstpost|access-date=2019-10-20}}</ref>
}}

'''Dr. Abdul Kalam Island''', formerly known as '''Wheeler Island''', is an island off the coast of [[Odisha]], [[India]], approximately {{convert|150|km}} east of the state capital [[Bhubaneswar]]. The Integrated Test Range missile testing facility is located on the island. The island was originally named after English commandant Lieutenant [[Hugh Wheeler (East India Company officer)|Hugh Wheeler]]. On 4 September 2015, the island was renamed to honour the late Indian president, [[Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://zeenews.india.com/news/india/in-tribute-to-indias-missile-man-apj-abdul-kalam-wheeler-island-named-after-him_1667306.html|title=In tribute to India's 'Missile Man' Dr.APJ Abdul Kalam, Wheeler Island named after him|publisher=Zee News}}</ref><ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.telangananewspaper.com/abdul-kalam-island/ | location=Hyderabad, India | work=TNP | title=Dr. Kalam Island inspires youth in india. All India youth were proud to be a person lived in this generation for only india | date=5 September 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://m.timesofindia.com/city/bhubaneswar/Wheeler-Island-renamed-after-Missile-Man/articleshow/48832901.cms|title=Wheeler Island renamed after Missile Man|work=The Times of India|accessdate=7 September 2015}}</ref>

==Geography==
Abdul Kalam Island is located in the [[Bay of Bengal]] approximately {{convert|10|km}} off the eastern coast of India and about {{convert|70|km}} south of [[Chandipur, Odisha|Chandipur]] in [[Balasore district]], Odisha. The island is about {{convert|2|km}} in length and {{convert|390|acre|km2}} in area.<ref name = "GlobSec"/> The nearest port is [[Dhamra Port]]. This island belongs to [[Bhadrak district]].

==Integrated Test Range==
The Integrated Test Range, sometimes referred to as the Interim Test Range, is a missile testing facility composed of two complexes - Launch Complex-IV (LC-IV) located on Abdul Kalam Island and Launch Complex-III (LC-III) located at Chandipur.<ref name = "NTI">{{cite web|title=Integrated Test Range|url=http://www.nti.org/learn/facilities/938/|website=www.nti.org|accessdate=2 November 2016}}</ref>

The India government began searching for a suitable location to construct a dedicated military missile test range and begin development of the [[Agni (missile)|Agni]] series of missiles in the early 1980s. The DRDO constructed an interim facility adjacent to the Proof and Experimental Establishment (PXE) at Chandipur. In 1986, the Union Government announced plans to construct a National Test Range at Baliapal in Balasore district, the same district as Chandipur. This would have required the government to move 130,000 people out of 130 villages located in the area.<ref name = "NTI"/>

The Odisha government allotted Abdul Kalam Island to the [[Defence Research and Development Organisation]] (DRDO) in 1993, following A.P.J. Abdul Kalam's request for land to build a missile testing facility. Kalam referred to the island as his "Theatre of Action".<ref name = "HT1">{{cite web|title=Odisha's Wheeler Island to be renamed after APJ Abdul Kalam|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/india/odisha-s-wheeler-island-to-be-renamed-after-apj-abdul-kalam/story-UJrAAJLAtjgOWDaO5l3j5H.html|website=Hindustan Times|accessdate=2 November 2016|date=4 September 2015}}</ref><ref name="India Today1">{{cite web|title=Odisha government renames Wheeler Island as Abdul Kalam Island|url=http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/odisha-government-renames-wheeler-island-as-abdul-kalam-island/1/465811.html|website=India Today|accessdate=2 November 2016}}</ref> In 1995, the Government abandoned the plan to move the test range from Chandipur to Baliapal, and instead built a new test site known as Launch Complex-IV at Wheeler Island.<ref name = "NTI"/>

Abdul Kalam Island is the missile test facility for most missiles of India; [[Akash (missile)|Akash Missiles]], [[Agni (missile)|Agni Missiles]], [[Astra (missile)|Astra Missile]], [[BrahMos]], [[Nirbhay]], [[Prahaar (missile)|Prahaar Missile]], [[Prithvi (missile)|Prithvi Missiles]], [[Shaurya (missile)|Shaurya Missile]], [[Indian Ballistic Missile Defence Programme#Advanced Air Defence (AAD)/Ashwin Ballistic Missile Interceptor|Advanced Air Defence (AAD)]], [[Indian Ballistic Missile Defence Programme#Prithvi Air Defence (PAD) / Pradyumna Ballistic Missile Interceptor|Prithvi Air Defence]] and recently an [[ASAT missile]]<ref name="ASAT">{{cite web|url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/asat-launch-india-fourth-to-test-asat-once-pioneered-by-us-ussr-60-years-ago-2013869|website=NDTV India|title=India Fourth To Test ASAT, Pioneered By US, Soviet Union 60 Years Ago|accessdate= 27 March 2019}}</ref>
Access to the test facility is by ship, as there is no bridge or airport connecting the island to the mainland. There is a small helipad, but missile airframes and all supplies, construction materials and heavy equipment arrive by ship.<ref name = "GlobSec">{{cite web|url=http://www.globalsecurity.org/wmd/world/india/wheeler.htm|title=Wheeler Island|publisher=Global Security|date= |accessdate=2014-12-18}}</ref>

The maiden successful test fire of the Prithvi missile was conducted on Wheeler Island on 30 November 1993. At the time, Wheeler Island was uninhabited.<ref name = "HT1"/><ref name="India Today1"/> Since the construction of the Integrated Test Range, entry to Abdul Kalam Island is restricted for the general public, and only DRDO personnel and Defence Ministry officials are permitted to travel to the island.<ref>{{cite web|title=Two remote cameras stolen from Wheeler Island missile base|url=http://www.rediff.com/news/2001/jan/03oris2.htm|website=Rediff.com|accessdate=2 November 2016}}</ref>

==Biodiversity==
Abdul Kalam Island is located close to the [[Gahirmatha Marine Sanctuary]], the world's largest [[rookery]] of the endangered [[olive ridley sea turtle]]. Abdul Kalam Island's sandy beaches are a favoured nesting location for the turtles. The bright lights installed at the missile testing facility on the island caused some baby turtles to get lost as they were attracted towards the lights. Many baby turtles would fail to find their way to sea, and some died as a result. To protect the turtles, all lights at the facility are dimmed or masked during nesting season, and missile testing is restrained during the turtles' nesting and breeding season.<ref>{{cite web|title=How Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam helped save Odishas Olive Ridley turtles|url=http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/apj-abdul-kalam-odisha-olive-ridley-turtles/1/454738.html|website=India Today|accessdate=2 November 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title='Kalam Island' should be the new name of Wheeler Island|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/kalam-island-should-be-the-new-name-of-wheeler-island/articleshow/48315207.cms|website=The Economic Times|accessdate=2 November 2016}}</ref>

In May 2013, increasing concern has been drawn to the change of the island's [[topography]], owing to sand erosion. Since the island is technically a [[shoal]], seawater frequently causes sand-shifting. The situation is being monitored by geological experts from [[National Institute of Ocean Technology]] and the DRDO.
<ref name=toi9>{{cite news|title=India's lone missile test-firing range Wheeler Island face sand erosion|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-05-11/india/39185942_1_sand-bar-drdo-wheeler-island|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130609001408/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-05-11/india/39185942_1_sand-bar-drdo-wheeler-island|url-status=dead|archive-date=9 June 2013|work=[[The Times of India]]|date=11 May 2013 }}</ref>

==Gallery==
<gallery>
File:Agni-IV.jpg|DRDO conducting the [[Agni-IV]] demonstration on Dr Abdul Kalam Island
File:AAD Launch Crop.jpg|Advanced Air Defence Launch from Integrated Test Range (ITR), Dr Abdul Kalam Island
File:Akash SAM.jpg|Akash Missile Launch from Integrated Test Range (ITR), Dr Abdul Kalam Island

</gallery>

==See also==
{{Portal|India}}
* [[Guided missiles of India]]
* [[Indian Ballistic Missile Defence Programme]]
* [[Integrated Guided Missile Development Programme]]
{{Clear}}

==References==
{{Reflist|2}}

==External links==
* [http://www.globalsecurity.org/wmd/world/india/wheeler-imagery.htm Globalsecurity.org: Wheeler Island Missile Facility]

{{Odisha}}

[[Category:Memorials to A. P. J. Abdul Kalam|Island]]
[[Category:Islands of Odisha]]
[[Category:Weapons test sites]] abdul kalam island

[[Category:Nuclear test sites]]
[[Category:Indian nuclear test sites]]

Abdul Kalam Island - Revision history

CleanupBot II: Removed empty portal template using script

Bot: robot: Create/upgrade articles. If there is a mistake please report on my talk page.

>WikiCleanerBot: v2.04b - Bot T12 CW#548 - Fix errors for CW project (Punctuation in link - Link equal to linktext)