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	'''Aadukalam''' ({{audio\|Ta-ஆடுகளம்.ogg\|pronunciation}}) ({{trans\|Playground}}) is a 2011 Indian [[Tamil language\|Tamil]]-language [[action drama film]] ~~written and~~ directed by [[Vetrimaran]]. ~~The~~ film stars [[Dhanush]] and [[Taapsee Pannu]] in the lead roles with [[Kishore (actor, born 1974)\|Kishore]], [[V. I. S. Jayapalan]], [[Aadukalam Naren\|Naren]], and [[Aadukalam Murugadoss\|Murugadoss]] play supporting roles. The film was released on 14 January 2011 to positive critical feedback. The film won six awards at the [[58th National Film Awards]], including [[National Film Award for Best Director\|Best Director]], [[National Film Award for Best Screenplay\|Best Screenplay]] and [[National Film Award for Best Actor\|Best Actor]].<ref name="Best Actor National Award">{{cite web\|url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/report/south-interview-with-vetrimaran/20110531.htm\|title='Aadukalam sees Dhanush in his best performance'\|date=31 May 2011\|access-date=10 June 2016\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170103010040/http://www.rediff.com/movies/report/south-interview-with-vetrimaran/20110531.htm\|archive-date=3 January 2017\|url-status=live}}</ref> The film was also felicitated with five awards in [[59th Filmfare Awards South]] – [[Filmfare Award for Best Film – Tamil\|Best Film]], [[Filmfare Award for Best Director – Tamil\|Best Director]], [[Filmfare Award for Best Actor – Tamil\|Best Actor]], [[Filmfare Award for Best Music Director – Tamil\|Best Music Director]] and [[Filmfare Award for Best Cinematographer – South\|Best Cinematography]]. Based on an online poll by ''[[The Times of India]]'', Vetrimaran was chosen as the best director for ''Aadukalam''. The Telugu dubbed version ''Pandem Kollu'' was released on 30 January 2015. Vetrimaran once said in an interview that the idea of story was inspired from several movies i.e, [[Caché (film)]] , [[Amores perros]], [[Babel (film)]], [[The Hire#Powder Keg]], [[Thevar Magan]], [[Virumaandi]], [[Paruthiveeran]] and books i.e, [[Roots: The Saga of an American Family]] , [[Shantaram (novel)]]. Even these movies and books are mentioned at the end card of the film.		'''''Aadukalam''''' ({{audio\|Ta-ஆடுகளம்.ogg\|pronunciation}}) ({{trans\|Playground}}) is a 2011 Indian [[Tamil language\|Tamil]]-language [[action drama film]] directed by [[Vetrimaran]], who also wrote the screenplay and dialogues with Vikram Sugumaran. Produced by Five Star Kathiresan and distributed by [[Sun Pictures]], the film stars [[Dhanush]] and [[Taapsee Pannu]] in the lead roles, the latter in her film debut, with [[Kishore (actor, born 1974)\|Kishore]], [[V. I. S. Jayapalan]], [[Aadukalam Naren\|Naren]], and [[Aadukalam Murugadoss\|Murugadoss]] play supporting roles. [[G. V. Prakash Kumar]] composed the film score and soundtrack, whilst [[R. Velraj\|Velraj]] and [[Kishore Te\|Kishore Te.]] handled the cinematography and editing. The film was released on 14 January 2011 to positive critical feedback. The film won six awards at the [[58th National Film Awards]], including [[National Film Award for Best Director\|Best Director]], [[National Film Award for Best Screenplay\|Best Screenplay]] and [[National Film Award for Best Actor\|Best Actor]].<ref name="Best Actor National Award">{{cite web\|url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/report/south-interview-with-vetrimaran/20110531.htm\|title='Aadukalam sees Dhanush in his best performance'\|date=31 May 2011\|access-date=10 June 2016\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170103010040/http://www.rediff.com/movies/report/south-interview-with-vetrimaran/20110531.htm\|archive-date=3 January 2017\|url-status=live}}</ref> The film was also felicitated with five awards in [[59th Filmfare Awards South]] – [[Filmfare Award for Best Film – Tamil\|Best Film]], [[Filmfare Award for Best Director – Tamil\|Best Director]], [[Filmfare Award for Best Actor – Tamil\|Best Actor]], [[Filmfare Award for Best Music Director – Tamil\|Best Music Director]] and [[Filmfare Award for Best Cinematographer – South\|Best Cinematography]]. Based on an online poll by ''[[The Times of India]]'', Vetrimaran was chosen as the best director for ''Aadukalam''. The Telugu dubbed version ''Pandem Kollu'' was released on 30 January 2015.

	== Plot ==		== Plot ==
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	Following the success of their 2007 collaboration ''[[Polladhavan (2007 film)\|Polladhavan]]'', the entire team of that film {{mdash}} director [[Vetrimaaran]], lead actor [[Dhanush]], producer S. Kathiresan, and music director [[G. V. Prakash Kumar]] {{mdash}} collaborated again for ''Aadukalam''.{{Sfn\|Dhananjayan\|2014\|page=513}} Vetrimaaran spent a period of two years in [[Madurai]] to understand the local dialect and lifestyle of the people living there. ''Aadukalam'' was the first film of Vetrimaaran to have a production office set up outside of [[Chennai]].<ref name="TOIVetri" /> Vetrimaaran took a year to complete the screenplay, script, and dialogues for ''Aadukalam'' and held a bounded script for the venture, which is considered rare in Tamil films.{{Sfn\|Dhananjayan\|2014\|page=513}}<ref name="autogenerated1">{{cite web\|url=http://www.sify.com/movies/dhanush-starts-work-on-aadukalam-news-tamil-kkfssChhgji.html\|title=Dhanush starts work on Aadukalam\|publisher=[[Sify]]\|date=24 February 2009\|access-date=10 September 2011\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150821123729/http://www.sify.com/movies/dhanush-starts-work-on-aadukalam-news-tamil-kkfssChhgji.html\|archive-date=21 August 2015\|url-status=dead}}</ref> Vetrimaaran narrated only half of the film's script to Dhanush before the latter was impressed with it and agreed to act in the film.{{Sfn\|Dhananjayan\|2014\|page=513}} The film was initially titled ''Seval'', but since the rights to the title were already taken by director [[Hari (director)\|Hari]] for his [[Seval\|project with Bharath]], Vetrimaaran decided to rename his film as ''Aadukalam''.{{Sfn\|Dhananjayan\|2014\|page=514}}		Following the success of their 2007 collaboration ''[[Polladhavan (2007 film)\|Polladhavan]]'', the entire team of that film {{mdash}} director [[Vetrimaaran]], lead actor [[Dhanush]], producer S. Kathiresan, and music director [[G. V. Prakash Kumar]] {{mdash}} collaborated again for ''Aadukalam''.{{Sfn\|Dhananjayan\|2014\|page=513}} Vetrimaaran spent a period of two years in [[Madurai]] to understand the local dialect and lifestyle of the people living there. ''Aadukalam'' was the first film of Vetrimaaran to have a production office set up outside of [[Chennai]].<ref name="TOIVetri" /> Vetrimaaran took a year to complete the screenplay, script, and dialogues for ''Aadukalam'' and held a bounded script for the venture, which is considered rare in Tamil films.{{Sfn\|Dhananjayan\|2014\|page=513}}<ref name="autogenerated1">{{cite web\|url=http://www.sify.com/movies/dhanush-starts-work-on-aadukalam-news-tamil-kkfssChhgji.html\|title=Dhanush starts work on Aadukalam\|publisher=[[Sify]]\|date=24 February 2009\|access-date=10 September 2011\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150821123729/http://www.sify.com/movies/dhanush-starts-work-on-aadukalam-news-tamil-kkfssChhgji.html\|archive-date=21 August 2015\|url-status=dead}}</ref> Vetrimaaran narrated only half of the film's script to Dhanush before the latter was impressed with it and agreed to act in the film.{{Sfn\|Dhananjayan\|2014\|page=513}} The film was initially titled ''Seval'', but since the rights to the title were already taken by director [[Hari (director)\|Hari]] for his [[Seval\|project with Bharath]], Vetrimaaran decided to rename his film as ''Aadukalam''.{{Sfn\|Dhananjayan\|2014\|page=514}} Vetrimaaran revealed that the idea of the story was inspired from several international films such as, [[Caché (film)\|''Caché'']], [[Amores perros\|''Amores perros'']], [[Babel (film)\|''Babel'']], Tamil films [[Thevar Magan\|''Thevar Magan'']], ''[[Virumaandi]]'', ''[[Paruthiveeran]]'' and novels [[Roots: The Saga of an American Family\|''Roots: The Saga of an American Family'']] and [[Shantaram (novel)\|''Shantaram'']], which mentioned during the end credits.<ref>{{Cite news\|last=George\|first=Liza\|date=2011-07-28\|title=Journey of the mind\|language=en-IN\|work=The Hindu\|url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/journey-of-the-mind/article2302077.ece\|access-date=2021-06-25\|issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web\|title=Inspiration vs Copies in Tamil Cinema\|url=https://www.moviecrow.com/News/1114/inspiration-vs-copies-in-tamil-cinema\|access-date=2021-06-25\|website=www.moviecrow.com}}</ref>

	[[Shriya Saran]] was signed on for the project in February 2008 but eventually pulled out citing schedule conflicts.{{Sfn\|Dhananjayan\|2014\|page=513}}<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.sify.com/movies/dhanush-shriya-team-up-news-tamil-kkfub5bcjea.html\|title=Dhanush & Shriya team up!\|publisher=Sify\|date=1 February 2008\|access-date=10 September 2011\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150821123019/http://www.sify.com/movies/dhanush-shriya-team-up-news-tamil-kkfub5bcjea.html\|archive-date=21 August 2015\|url-status=dead}}</ref> In April 2008, it was reported that Dhanush too had walked out of the project due to schedule issues, and that [[Silambarasan]] was set to replace him.<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.filmibeat.com/tamil/news/2008/simbu-replaced-dhanush-pollathavan-180408.html\|title=Simbu in arch rival Dhanush's shoes\|publisher=[[Oneindia]] Entertainment\|date=18 April 2008\|access-date=10 September 2011\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150821122735/http://www.filmibeat.com/tamil/news/2008/simbu-replaced-dhanush-pollathavan-180408.html\|archive-date=21 August 2015\|url-status=live}}</ref> However, Dhanush remained and continued with the film.{{Sfn\|Dhananjayan\|2014\|page=513}} Subsequently, in June 2009, [[Trisha Krishnan]], who was selected to replace Saran for the role of Irene, was forced to opt out of the project after her schedule clashed with the allotted dates for her other films, ''[[Namo Venkatesa]]'' (2010) and ''[[Vinnaithaandi Varuvaayaa]]'' (2010).{{Sfn\|Dhananjayan\|2014\|page=513}}<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.sify.com/movies/will-trisha-do-aadukalam-news-tamil-kkfrLQdjfcf.html\|title=Will Trisha do Aadukalam?\|publisher=Sify\|date=27 June 2009\|access-date=10 September 2011\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150821123735/http://www.sify.com/movies/will-trisha-do-aadukalam-news-tamil-kkfrLQdjfcf.html\|archive-date=21 August 2015\|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news \|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/Has-Trisha-opted-out-of-Aadukalam/articleshow/4710059.cms? \|title=Has Trisha opted out of Aadukalam? \|work=The Times of India \|date=28 June 2009 \|access-date=10 September 2011 \|first=Sreedhar \|last=Pillai \|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6awpzLjDU?url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/Has-Trisha-opted-out-of-Aadukalam/articleshow/4710059.cms \|archive-date=21 August 2015 \|url-status=live \|df=dmy-all }}</ref> Newcomer [[Taapsee Pannu]], a [[Punjabis\|Punjabi]] software engineer, was named as her replacement.{{Sfn\|Dhananjayan\|2014\|page=513}}<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.sify.com/movies/dhanush-gets-a-punjabi-kudi-as-heroine-news-tamil-kkfr0shheei.html\|title=Dhanush gets a Punjabi kudi as heroine\|publisher=Sify\|date=30 September 2009\|access-date=10 September 2011\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150821123918/http://www.sify.com/movies/dhanush-gets-a-punjabi-kudi-as-heroine-news-tamil-kkfr0shheei.html\|archive-date=21 August 2015\|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[Sri Lankan Tamils\|Sri Lankan Tamil]] writer and [[Advocacy journalism\|political commentator]] [[V. I. S. Jayapalan]] portrayed the role of Karuppu's mentor, Pettaikaran, thereby making his debut in [[Tamil cinema]].<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/others/news-interviews/Jayabalan-debuts-in-Kollywood/articleshow/4190878.cms \|title=Jayabalan debuts in Kollywood \|work=The Times of India \|date=26 February 2009 \|access-date=21 August 2015 \|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6awrxiV00?url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/others/news-interviews/Jayabalan-debuts-in-Kollywood/articleshow/4190878.cms \|archive-date=21 August 2015 \|url-status=live }}</ref> [[Attakathi Dinesh]] makes a small cameo in the film as Dinesh, Karuppu's nemesis when it comes to winning Irene's love.<ref>{{cite web \| url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/article590045.ece \| title='Theatre made me an actor' \| work=[[The New Indian Express]] \| date=16 August 2012 \| access-date=21 August 2015 \| first=Venkadesan \| last=S. \| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150821132039/http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/article590045.ece \| archive-date=21 August 2015 \| url-status=live}}</ref> [[Aadukalam Murugadoss\|Murugadoss]] plays Karuppu's friend Oole while [[Aadukalam Naren\|Naren]] appears as Rathnasamy who is also Pettaikaran's rival in cockfighting.{{Sfn\|Dhananjayan\|2014\|page=512}}		[[Shriya Saran]] was signed on for the project in February 2008 but eventually pulled out citing schedule conflicts.{{Sfn\|Dhananjayan\|2014\|page=513}}<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.sify.com/movies/dhanush-shriya-team-up-news-tamil-kkfub5bcjea.html\|title=Dhanush & Shriya team up!\|publisher=Sify\|date=1 February 2008\|access-date=10 September 2011\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150821123019/http://www.sify.com/movies/dhanush-shriya-team-up-news-tamil-kkfub5bcjea.html\|archive-date=21 August 2015\|url-status=dead}}</ref> In April 2008, it was reported that Dhanush too had walked out of the project due to schedule issues, and that [[Silambarasan]] was set to replace him.<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.filmibeat.com/tamil/news/2008/simbu-replaced-dhanush-pollathavan-180408.html\|title=Simbu in arch rival Dhanush's shoes\|publisher=[[Oneindia]] Entertainment\|date=18 April 2008\|access-date=10 September 2011\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150821122735/http://www.filmibeat.com/tamil/news/2008/simbu-replaced-dhanush-pollathavan-180408.html\|archive-date=21 August 2015\|url-status=live}}</ref> However, Dhanush remained and continued with the film.{{Sfn\|Dhananjayan\|2014\|page=513}} Subsequently, in June 2009, [[Trisha Krishnan]], who was selected to replace Saran for the role of Irene, was forced to opt out of the project after her schedule clashed with the allotted dates for her other films, ''[[Namo Venkatesa]]'' (2010) and ''[[Vinnaithaandi Varuvaayaa]]'' (2010).{{Sfn\|Dhananjayan\|2014\|page=513}}<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.sify.com/movies/will-trisha-do-aadukalam-news-tamil-kkfrLQdjfcf.html\|title=Will Trisha do Aadukalam?\|publisher=Sify\|date=27 June 2009\|access-date=10 September 2011\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150821123735/http://www.sify.com/movies/will-trisha-do-aadukalam-news-tamil-kkfrLQdjfcf.html\|archive-date=21 August 2015\|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news \|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/Has-Trisha-opted-out-of-Aadukalam/articleshow/4710059.cms? \|title=Has Trisha opted out of Aadukalam? \|work=The Times of India \|date=28 June 2009 \|access-date=10 September 2011 \|first=Sreedhar \|last=Pillai \|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6awpzLjDU?url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/Has-Trisha-opted-out-of-Aadukalam/articleshow/4710059.cms \|archive-date=21 August 2015 \|url-status=live \|df=dmy-all }}</ref> Newcomer [[Taapsee Pannu]], a [[Punjabis\|Punjabi]] software engineer, was named as her replacement.{{Sfn\|Dhananjayan\|2014\|page=513}}<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.sify.com/movies/dhanush-gets-a-punjabi-kudi-as-heroine-news-tamil-kkfr0shheei.html\|title=Dhanush gets a Punjabi kudi as heroine\|publisher=Sify\|date=30 September 2009\|access-date=10 September 2011\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150821123918/http://www.sify.com/movies/dhanush-gets-a-punjabi-kudi-as-heroine-news-tamil-kkfr0shheei.html\|archive-date=21 August 2015\|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[Sri Lankan Tamils\|Sri Lankan Tamil]] writer and [[Advocacy journalism\|political commentator]] [[V. I. S. Jayapalan]] portrayed the role of Karuppu's mentor, Pettaikaran, thereby making his debut in [[Tamil cinema]].<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/others/news-interviews/Jayabalan-debuts-in-Kollywood/articleshow/4190878.cms \|title=Jayabalan debuts in Kollywood \|work=The Times of India \|date=26 February 2009 \|access-date=21 August 2015 \|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6awrxiV00?url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/others/news-interviews/Jayabalan-debuts-in-Kollywood/articleshow/4190878.cms \|archive-date=21 August 2015 \|url-status=live }}</ref> [[Attakathi Dinesh]] makes a small cameo in the film as Dinesh, Karuppu's nemesis when it comes to winning Irene's love.<ref>{{cite web \| url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/article590045.ece \| title='Theatre made me an actor' \| work=[[The New Indian Express]] \| date=16 August 2012 \| access-date=21 August 2015 \| first=Venkadesan \| last=S. \| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150821132039/http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/article590045.ece \| archive-date=21 August 2015 \| url-status=live}}</ref> [[Aadukalam Murugadoss\|Murugadoss]] plays Karuppu's friend Oole while [[Aadukalam Naren\|Naren]] appears as Rathnasamy who is also Pettaikaran's rival in cockfighting.{{Sfn\|Dhananjayan\|2014\|page=512}}

	[[Principal photography]] began in [[Madurai]] in February 2009 with scenes featuring Dhanush being shot.{{Sfn\|Dhananjayan\|2014\|page=513}}<ref name="autogenerated1" /> The first look of the film was released shortly after the commencement of filming. It featured a series of promotional posters depicting the characters played by Dhanush, Jayapalan and [[Kishore (actor, born 1974)\|Kishore]].<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.sify.com/movies/aadukalam-imagegallery-events-jdwmVNfhfce.html?html=5 \|title=Aadukalam \|publisher=Sify \|access-date=10 September 2011 \|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6atr34c9f?url=http://www.sify.com/movies/aadukalam-imagegallery-events-jdwmVNfhfce.html?html=5 \|archive-date=19 August 2015 \|url-status=dead }}</ref> During early stages of production, Dhanush revealed he would play the role of a local [[cockfight]]er named K. P. Karuppu, and described the venture as his "dream project".<ref>{{cite web \|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/Yatra-is-my-lucky-mascot-Dhanush/articleshow/4825496.cms? \|title=Yatra is my lucky mascot: Dhanush \|work=The Times of India \|last=Pillai \|first=Sreedhar \|date=28 July 2009 \|access-date=10 September 2011 \|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6atqXbf6d?url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/Yatra-is-my-lucky-mascot-Dhanush/articleshow/4825496.cms \|archive-date=19 August 2015 \|url-status=live \|df=dmy-all }}</ref> The cockfight sequences that take place before intermission was filmed for 26 days in a set created by art director [[Jacki]].{{Sfn\|Dhananjayan\|2014\|page=514}} Filming was completed in August 2010.{{Sfn\|Dhananjayan\|2014\|page=513}} In addition to being shot in Madurai, some portions were also filmed in [[Thiruparankundram]]. The cockfights were filmed using [[~~Computer~~-generated imagery]] (CGI). The post-production works on the cockfight sequences delayed the film's release.{{Sfn\|Dhananjayan\|2014\|page=513}} The voices for Kishore, Taapsee, and Jayapalan were dubbed by [[Samuthirakani]], [[Andrea Jeremiah]], and [[Radha Ravi]] respectively.{{Sfn\|Dhananjayan\|2014\|page=514}}		[[Principal photography]] began in [[Madurai]] in February 2009 with scenes featuring Dhanush being shot.{{Sfn\|Dhananjayan\|2014\|page=513}}<ref name="autogenerated1" /> The first look of the film was released shortly after the commencement of filming. It featured a series of promotional posters depicting the characters played by Dhanush, Jayapalan and [[Kishore (actor, born 1974)\|Kishore]].<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.sify.com/movies/aadukalam-imagegallery-events-jdwmVNfhfce.html?html=5 \|title=Aadukalam \|publisher=Sify \|access-date=10 September 2011 \|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6atr34c9f?url=http://www.sify.com/movies/aadukalam-imagegallery-events-jdwmVNfhfce.html?html=5 \|archive-date=19 August 2015 \|url-status=dead }}</ref> During early stages of production, Dhanush revealed he would play the role of a local [[cockfight]]er named K. P. Karuppu, and described the venture as his "dream project".<ref>{{cite web \|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/Yatra-is-my-lucky-mascot-Dhanush/articleshow/4825496.cms? \|title=Yatra is my lucky mascot: Dhanush \|work=The Times of India \|last=Pillai \|first=Sreedhar \|date=28 July 2009 \|access-date=10 September 2011 \|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6atqXbf6d?url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/Yatra-is-my-lucky-mascot-Dhanush/articleshow/4825496.cms \|archive-date=19 August 2015 \|url-status=live \|df=dmy-all }}</ref> The cockfight sequences that take place before intermission was filmed for 26 days in a set created by art director [[Jacki]].{{Sfn\|Dhananjayan\|2014\|page=514}} Filming was completed in August 2010.{{Sfn\|Dhananjayan\|2014\|page=513}} In addition to being shot in Madurai, some portions were also filmed in [[Thiruparankundram]]. The cockfights were filmed using [[computer-generated imagery]] (CGI). The post-production works on the cockfight sequences delayed the film's release.{{Sfn\|Dhananjayan\|2014\|page=513}} The voices for Kishore, Taapsee, and Jayapalan were dubbed by [[Samuthirakani]], [[Andrea Jeremiah]] and [[Radha Ravi]] respectively.{{Sfn\|Dhananjayan\|2014\|page=514}}

	== Soundtrack ==		== Soundtrack ==

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