8-Pass Charlie - Revision history

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	{{Infobox military person		{{Infobox military person
	\| name = 8-Pass Charlie		\| name = 8-Pass Charlie
	~~\| image =~~		\| birth_date = <!-- {{Birth date\|YYYY\|MM\|DD}} -->
	~~\| caption =~~		\| death_date = <!-- {{Death date and age\|YYYY\|MM\|DD\|YYYY\|MM\|DD}} -->
	\| birth_date = <!-- {{Birth date\|YYYY\|MM\|DD}} -->		\| allegiance = {{PAK}}
	\| death_date = <!-- {{Death date and age\|YYYY\|MM\|DD\|YYYY\|MM\|DD}} -->		\| branch = {{air force\|PAK}}
	~~\| placeofburial_label =~~
	~~\| placeofburial =~~
	~~\| birth_place =~~
	~~\| death_place =~~
	~~\| placeofburial_coordinates = <!-- {{coord\|LAT\|LONG\|display=inline,title}} -->~~
	~~\| nickname =~~
	~~\| birth_name =~~
	\| allegiance ={{PAK}}
	\| branch ={{air force\|PAK}}
	~~\| serviceyears =~~
	\| rank = Unknown		\| rank = Unknown
	~~\| servicenumber =~~		\| unit = [[No. 7 Squadron (Pakistan Air Force)\|No. 7 Squadron, Bandits]]
	\| unit =[[No. 7 Squadron (Pakistan Air Force)\|No. 7 Squadron, Bandits]]		\| battles = [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1965]]
	~~\| commands =~~
	\| battles =[[Indo-Pakistani War of 1965]]
	~~\| battles_label =~~
	~~\| awards =~~
	~~\| relations =~~
	~~\| laterwork =~~
	}}		}}

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	==B-57 raids==		==B-57 raids==
	{{main\|Indo-Pakistani Air War of 1965}}		[[File:Pakistan Air Force B-57s.jpg\|thumb\|PAF B-57s]]{{main\|Indo-Pakistani Air War of 1965}}
	During the war, the bomber wing of the [[Pakistan Air Force\|PAF]] was attacking the concentration of airfields in north India. In order to avoid enemy fighter-bombers, the B-57s operated from several different airbases, taking off and returning to different bases to hop and avoid being attacked.<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.defencejournal.com/may99/b-57.htm \|title=B-57 The Intrepid Bomber of PAF \|publisher=Defencejournal.com \|access-date=2012-06-24 \|url-status=dead \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120515215015/http://www.defencejournal.com/may99/b-57.htm \|archive-date=15 May 2012 }}</ref> The B-57 bombers would arrive over their targets in a stream at intervals of about 15 minutes, which led to achieving a major disruption of the overall IAF effort.<ref name="PAF">[http://www.defencejournal.com/2001/september/wars.htm "PAF and the three wars."] {{webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110608010603/http://www.defencejournal.com/2001/september/wars.htm \|date=8 June 2011 }} ''defencejournal.com'', 2001. Retrieved: 5 July 2010.</ref>		During the war, the bomber wing of the [[Pakistan Air Force\|PAF]] was attacking the concentration of airfields in north India. In order to avoid enemy fighter-bombers, the B-57s operated from several different airbases, taking off and returning to different bases to hop and avoid being attacked.<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.defencejournal.com/may99/b-57.htm \|title=B-57 The Intrepid Bomber of PAF \|publisher=Defencejournal.com \|access-date=2012-06-24 \|url-status=dead \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120515215015/http://www.defencejournal.com/may99/b-57.htm \|archive-date=15 May 2012 }}</ref> The B-57 bombers would arrive over their targets in a stream at intervals of about 15 minutes, which led to achieving a major disruption of the overall IAF effort.<ref name="PAF">[http://www.defencejournal.com/2001/september/wars.htm "PAF and the three wars."] {{webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110608010603/http://www.defencejournal.com/2001/september/wars.htm \|date=8 June 2011 }} ''defencejournal.com'', 2001. Retrieved: 5 July 2010.</ref>

	==Named by adversaries==		==Named by adversaries==
	~~[[File:Pakistan Air Force B-57s.jpg\|thumb\|PAF B-57s]]~~

	The name was assigned to this unknown pilot by his impressed [[Indian Air Force\|Indian]] adversaries at the Adampur base,<ref name=br>{{citation \|url=http://bharat-rakshak.com/IAF/History/2000s/Samir.html \|title=When old warriors meet. \|last=Samir Chopra \|publisher=Bharat-rakshak.com \|access-date=19 December 2006 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061206185150/http://www.bharat-rakshak.com/IAF/History/2000s/Samir.html \|archive-date=6 December 2006 \|url-status=dead \|df=dmy-all }}</ref> and appears to be derived from his daring routine of making eight passes in bombing runs during every air raid over the alerted airbase to bomb selected targets with each 500 lb bomb in the moonlight, "and tried to carry out an effective attack each time", instead of dropping his entire bomb-load of 4,000 lbs during the first pass which would have allowed a safer exit for the aggressor aircraft over initial defences.<ref name="Samir"/>		The name was assigned to this unknown pilot by his impressed [[Indian Air Force\|Indian]] adversaries at the Adampur base,<ref name=br>{{citation \|url=http://bharat-rakshak.com/IAF/History/2000s/Samir.html \|title=When old warriors meet. \|last=Samir Chopra \|publisher=Bharat-rakshak.com \|access-date=19 December 2006 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061206185150/http://www.bharat-rakshak.com/IAF/History/2000s/Samir.html \|archive-date=6 December 2006 \|url-status=dead \|df=dmy-all }}</ref> and appears to be derived from his daring routine of making eight passes in bombing runs during every air raid over the alerted airbase to bomb selected targets with each 500 lb bomb in the moonlight, "and tried to carry out an effective attack each time", instead of dropping his entire bomb-load of 4,000 lbs during the first pass which would have allowed a safer exit for the aggressor aircraft over initial defences.<ref name="Samir"/>
	~~{{clear}}~~

	==Kills==		==Kills==
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	==Technique==		==Technique==
	[[File:B-57 dropping bombs.jpg\|thumb~~\|200px\|right~~\|A B-57 dropping its full bomb load as a norm]]		[[File:B-57 dropping bombs.jpg\|thumb\|A B-57 dropping its full bomb load as a norm]]

	In addition to his routine of making eight passes over Adampur, the unknown pilot also seemed to have had a second routine of conducting his raids thirty minutes after moonrise.<ref name="indianexpress"/><ref name="Samir"/>		In addition to his routine of making eight passes over Adampur, the unknown pilot also seemed to have had a second routine of conducting his raids thirty minutes after moonrise.<ref name="indianexpress"/><ref name="Samir"/>

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{{short description|Pakistani Air Force bomber pilot}}
{{Infobox military person
| name = 8-Pass Charlie
| image =
| caption =
| birth_date = 
| death_date = 
| placeofburial_label =
| placeofburial =
| birth_place =
| death_place =
| placeofburial_coordinates = 
| nickname =
| birth_name =
| allegiance ={{PAK}}
| branch ={{air force|PAK}}
| serviceyears =
| rank = Unknown
| servicenumber =
| unit =[[No. 7 Squadron (Pakistan Air Force)|No. 7 Squadron, Bandits]]
| commands =
| battles =[[Indo-Pakistani War of 1965]]
| battles_label =
| awards =
| relations =
| laterwork =
}}

'''8-Pass Charlie''' was the codename of an unknown [[Pakistan Air Force]] [[Martin B-57 Canberra|B-57]] bomber ace pilot who raided the [[Adampur]] airbase of the [[Indian Air Force]] in [[Punjab, India|Indian Punjab]] a number of times during the [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1965]]<ref name=indianexpress>{{citation |url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/the-class-of-65/9548/0 |title=The Class of '65 |publisher= The Indian Express |date=30 July 2006 |access-date=24 September 2006}}</ref> notably starting the series of raids on the base by a solo raid.<ref name=Samir>{{cite book|title=The India-Pakistan Air War of 1965|date=May 2005|publisher=Manohar|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FAhuAAAAMAAJ&q=8-Pass+Charlie|isbn=978-8173046414|pages=241–243|author=P V S Jagan Mohan|edition=1st|author2=Samir Chopra|access-date=24 June 2012}}</ref>

He was named "8-Pass Charlie" by his impressed [[Indian Air Force|Indian adversaries]] at the Adampur base as he used to make eight passes, one for each bomb, on selected targets with improving efficiency instead of safely dropping all his bomb load and exiting. He is also known to have had expertise in disguising his attack run by confusing anti-aircraft gunners by cutting [[throttle]]s before entering a [[Dive (aviation)|dive]].<ref name="Samir"/>

==B-57 raids==
{{main|Indo-Pakistani Air War of 1965}}
During the war, the bomber wing of the [[Pakistan Air Force|PAF]] was attacking the concentration of airfields in north India. In order to avoid enemy fighter-bombers, the B-57s operated from several different airbases, taking off and returning to different bases to hop and avoid being attacked.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.defencejournal.com/may99/b-57.htm |title=B-57 The Intrepid Bomber of PAF |publisher=Defencejournal.com |access-date=2012-06-24 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120515215015/http://www.defencejournal.com/may99/b-57.htm |archive-date=15 May 2012 }}</ref> The B-57 bombers would arrive over their targets in a stream at intervals of about 15 minutes, which led to achieving a major disruption of the overall IAF effort.<ref name="PAF">[http://www.defencejournal.com/2001/september/wars.htm "PAF and the three wars."] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110608010603/http://www.defencejournal.com/2001/september/wars.htm |date=8 June 2011 }} ''defencejournal.com'', 2001. Retrieved: 5 July 2010.</ref>

==Named by adversaries==
[[File:Pakistan Air Force B-57s.jpg|thumb|PAF B-57s]]

The name was assigned to this unknown pilot by his impressed [[Indian Air Force|Indian]] adversaries at the Adampur base,<ref name=br>{{citation |url=http://bharat-rakshak.com/IAF/History/2000s/Samir.html |title=When old warriors meet. |last=Samir Chopra |publisher=Bharat-rakshak.com |access-date=19 December 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061206185150/http://www.bharat-rakshak.com/IAF/History/2000s/Samir.html |archive-date=6 December 2006 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all }}</ref> and appears to be derived from his daring routine of making eight passes in bombing runs during every air raid over the alerted airbase to bomb selected targets with each 500 lb bomb in the moonlight, "and tried to carry out an effective attack each time", instead of dropping his entire bomb-load of 4,000 lbs during the first pass which would have allowed a safer exit for the aggressor aircraft over initial defences.<ref name="Samir"/>
{{clear}}

==Kills==
One of 8-Pass Charlie's confirmed kills is an [[Indian Air Force]] [[MiG 21]]s on [[Operational Readiness Platform]] (ORP) which was about to take off when he executed the first raid on the Adampur airbase at 2200 hours with his lone B-57 on [[Defence Day|6 September]], 1965.<ref name="Samir"/>

==Technique==
[[File:B-57 dropping bombs.jpg|thumb|200px|right|A B-57 dropping its full bomb load as a norm]]

In addition to his routine of making eight passes over Adampur, the unknown pilot also seemed to have had a second routine of conducting his raids thirty minutes after moonrise.<ref name="indianexpress"/><ref name="Samir"/>

Paddy Earle, an IAF fighter pilot, paid tribute to the unknown ace by saying:<ref name="indianexpress"/><ref name="Samir"/>

{{quotation|I have the utmost respect for the Pakistani Canberra bloke who loved to ruin the equanimity of our dreary lives! 8-Pass Charlie was an ace, but he had this nasty habit of turning up about 30 min. after moonrise, just as we were downing our first drink! Seriously, he was a cool dude and a professional of the highest order. To disguise the direction of his run, he used to cut throttles before entering a dive and by the time the ack-ack opened up he was beneath the umbrella of fire. After dropping his load he'd apply full throttle and climb out above the umbrella.}}

==See also==
*[[Ace in a day]]
*[[Saiful Azam]]
*[[Muhammad Mahmood Alam]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Further reading==
* {{cite book|title=PAF Bomber Operations: 1965 & 1971 Wars|publisher=PAF Book Club|author=Air Commodore Rais A Rafi}}
{{Military of Pakistan}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2013}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:8-Pass Charlie}}
[[Category:Bomber pilots]]
[[Category:Indo-Pakistani War of 1965]]
[[Category:Pakistan Air Force officers]]
[[Category:Pakistani aviators]]
[[Category:Unidentified people]]