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			\|keywords=1993 in Islam, 1993 riots, Massacres in the 1990s, Riots and civil disorder in India, Religious riots, Religiously motivated violence in India, Mass murder in 1993, Anti-Muslim violence in India, Persecution by Hindus, May 1993 events in Asia, Massacres in India, 1993 crimes in India, 1993 murders in Asia, Pangal people, Massacres of Muslims
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	[[Category:1993 in Islam]]		[[Category:1993 in Islam]]
	[[Category:1993 riots]]		[[Category:1993 riots]]

>Dimadick: /* References */

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References

New page

{{Infobox civil conflict
| title = 1993 Pangal massacre
| partof = [[Religious violence in India]]
| image = IN-MN.svg
| caption = Location of Manipur in India
| date = 3 May 1993
| place = [[Manipur]], [[India]]
| coordinates =
| causes =
| goals =
| methods = Killing, Arson
| status =
| result =
| side1 = [[Meitei people|Meitei]]
| side2 = [[Pangal]]
| casualties1 =
| casualties2 =
| notes = 90 to 130 people were killed in the incident
}}
{{Violence against Muslims in India}}

The '''1993 Pangal massacre''' refers to the massacre in [[Pangal]], an indigenous [[Muslim]] community in [[Manipur]], India, by the [[Meitei people]], who are the majority ethnic group of Manipur and are largely [[Hindu]], on 3 May 1993.<ref name="pp">{{cite web |title=Manipur at a Glance An Ethnics Dilemma Part 2 By Khulakfam Altab Ali |url=http://e-pao.net/epSubPageExtractor.asp?src=education.Scientific_Papers.Manipur_at_a_Glance_An_Ethnics_Dilemma_Part_2_By_Khulakfam_Altab_Ali |website=e-pao.net |accessdate=1 September 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=How mob justice in Manipur was given a communal tone |url=https://www.rediff.com/news/column/how-mob-justice-in-manipur-was-given-a-communal-tone/20151110.htm |accessdate=1 September 2019 |work=Rediff |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Datta-Ray |first1=B. |title=The Journal of the North-East India Council for Social Science Research |date=2006 |publisher=B. D. Ray |page=76 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=d-bZAAAAMAAJ&q=1993+pangal+meitei+massacre |accessdate=1 September 2019 |language=en}}</ref>

==Background==
The North-Eastern region of India has not seen religious violence between Hindus and Muslims, which are relatively more in Northern India. Although, there has been some land disputes and fear of Bengali Muslim influx.<ref name="CT">{{cite news |title=HINDU-MUSLIM RIOTS KILL MORE THAN 100 IN INDIA |url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-1993-05-05-9305050344-story.html |accessdate=1 September 2019 |work=chicagotribune.com |agency=New York Times News Service |publisher=Chicago Tribune}}</ref> The Pangal community settled in the region in the 17th century. Their name could either be strength in Meiteilon or the way Meiteilon pronounce Bangal referring to [[Bengali people]].<ref>{{cite news |title=The Troll Army Strikes at the Manipuri Pangal Community |url=https://www.newsclick.in/troll-army-strikes-manipuri-pangal-community |accessdate=1 September 2019 |work=NewsClick |publisher=nc |date=3 April 2018 |language=en}}</ref>

==Incident==
There are conflicting accounts of what started the violence, one account says Hindu separatists tried to buy arms from a Muslim arms smuggler and were rebuffed. Another account says that the Hindu rebels were trying to extort from a Muslim village who resisted and killed one of the rebel.<ref name="CT"></ref> The violence started on 3 May 1993 and continued will into the 5th May. Bus containing Muslims passengers were set on fire and clashes took places between Pangal and Meitei.<ref name="it">{{cite news |last1=Ahmed |first1=Farzand |title=Naga-Kuki clash: Communal riots rouse temperatures in Manipur |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/indiascope/story/19930531-naga-kuki-clash-communal-riots-rouse-temperatures-in-manipur-811135-1993-05-31 |accessdate=1 September 2019 |work=India Today |date=31 May 1993 |language=en}}</ref> People were killed in the roads; homes and shops were burned down.<ref name="SI">{{cite news |last1=Mander |first1=Harsh |title=Lynching of young Muslim entrepreneur in Manipur last year shows such acts are carefully planned |url=https://scroll.in/article/924029/lynching-of-young-muslim-entrepreneur-in-manipur-last-year-shows-such-acts-are-carefully-planned |accessdate=1 September 2019 |work=Scroll.in |publisher=Scroll India}}</ref> An estimated 90 to 130 people were killed.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Dutta |first1=Anuradha |last2=Bhuyan |first2=Ratna |title=Women and Peace: Chapters from Northeast India |date=2008 |publisher=Akansha Publishing House |isbn=9788183701266 |page=78 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dugjAQAAIAAJ&q=1993+pangal+meitei+massacre |accessdate=1 September 2019 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="SI"></ref> The State Government worked with the tribes of Manipur to restore peace in the State following the riots.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Das |first1=Samir Kumar |title=Blisters on their Feet: Tales of Internally Displaced Persons in India's North East |date=2008 |publisher=SAGE Publications India |isbn=9788132100195 |page=208 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=d7SGAwAAQBAJ&q=1993+pangal+meitei+massacre&pg=PA208 |accessdate=1 September 2019 |language=en}}</ref>

==Legacy==
According to the official Indian Government Commission, about a 100 people died in the riots. The commission called for increased security and increasing the compensation award to the victims.<ref name="MoHA">{{cite web |title=Report of working group of national integration council to study reports of the commissions of inquiry on communal riots |url=https://mha.gov.in/sites/default/files/NIC-W-Group.pdf |publisher=Ministry of Home Affairs |accessdate=1 September 2019}}</ref> The Pangal (Manipuri Muslim) Political Forum claimed 140 people were killed. Following the [[Government of India]] awarded compensation to the victims of the 1984 Punjab riots, the Pangal (Manipuri Muslim) Political Forum demanded compensation from the government in January 2015 at the [[Manipur Press Club]].<ref name="ko">{{cite web |last1=Press |first1=Imphal Free |title=Muslim body seeks compensation for 1993 Meitei-Meitei Pangal riot victims |url=http://kanglaonline.com/2015/01/muslim-body-seeks-compensation-for-1993-meiteimeitei-pangal-riot-victims/ |website=Kangla Online |accessdate=1 September 2019}}</ref>

The Day, 3 May 1993, is marked as a black day/Sahidee Memorial Day by the Pangals. Following the massacre the Pangals formed a number of armed militias.<ref name="pp"></ref> The day is observed by All Manipur Muslim Students’ Organization, Pangal (Manipur Muslim) Political Forum, and All Manipur Muslim Girl Students’ Organization.<ref>{{cite news |title=Muslims offer prayers for those killed in the 1993 riot in Manipur |url=http://twocircles.net/2013may05/muslims_offer_prayers_those_killed_1993_riot_manipur.html |accessdate=1 September 2019 |work=TwoCircles.net |ref=tc}}</ref> Scroll India referred to the incident as the "First Major rupture" in communal relations in the Manipur State.<ref name="SI"></ref>

==References==
{{reflist|2}}

{{coord missing|India}}
[[Category:1993 in Islam]]
[[Category:1993 riots]]
[[Category:Massacres in the 1990s]]
[[Category:Riots and civil disorder in India]]
[[Category:Religious riots]]
[[Category:Religiously motivated violence in India]]
[[Category:Mass murder in 1993]]
[[Category:Anti-Muslim violence in India]]
[[Category:Persecution by Hindus]]
[[Category:May 1993 events in Asia]]
[[Category:Massacres in India]]
[[Category:1993 crimes in India]]
[[Category:1993 murders in Asia]]
[[Category:Pangal people]]
[[Category:Massacres of Muslims]]

1993 Pangal massacre - Revision history

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