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	{{West Bengal assembly elections}}		{{West Bengal assembly elections}}

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	[[Category:1977 State Assembly elections in India\|West Bengal]]		[[Category:1977 State Assembly elections in India\|West Bengal]]
	[[Category:State Assembly elections in West Bengal]]		[[Category:State Assembly elections in West Bengal]]
	[[Category:1970s in West Bengal]]		[[Category:1970s in West Bengal]]

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	\| party3 = Indian National Congress ~~(R)~~		\| party3 = Indian National Congress
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	{{West Bengal assembly elections}}		{{West Bengal assembly elections}}

	[[Category:1977 State Assembly elections in India]]		[[Category:1977 State Assembly elections in India\|West Bengal]]
	[[Category:State Assembly elections in West Bengal]]		[[Category:State Assembly elections in West Bengal]]
	[[Category:1970s in West Bengal]]		[[Category:1970s in West Bengal]]

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{{Infobox election
| election_name = 1977 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election
| type = Legislative
| ongoing = no
| country = India
| previous_election = 1972 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election
| previous_year = 1972
| next_election = 1982 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election
| next_year = 1982
| leader1 = [[Jyoti Basu]]
| image1 = [[File:Jyoti Basu - Calcutta 1996-12-21 089 Cropped.png|100x100px]]
| party1 = Communist Party of India (Marxist)
| percentage1 = 35.46%
| seats1 = 178
| last_election1 = 14
| seat_change1 = {{increase}} 164
| swing1 = {{increase}} 8.01%
| alliance1 = [[Left Front (West Bengal)| Left Front]]
| party2 = [[Janata Party]]
| leader2 = [[Prafulla Chandra Sen]]
| image2 =
| percentage2 = 20.02%
| seats2 = 29
| last_election2 = new
| seat_change2 = -
| swing2 = -
| party3 = Indian National Congress (R)
| leader3 = [[Siddhartha Shankar Ray]]
| image3 =
| percentage3 = 23.02%
| seats3 = 20
| last_election3 = 216
| seat_change3 = {{loss}} 196
| swing3 = {{loss}} 26.06%
}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2017}}
'''[[Vidhan Sabha|Legislative Assembly]] elections''' was held in the [[India]]n state of [[West Bengal]] on 14 June 1977.<ref name="(India)Sengupta1978">{{cite book|author1=West Bengal (India)|author2=Jatindra Chandra Sengupta|title=West Bengal District Gazetteers: Nadiā|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9TluAAAAMAAJ|year=1978|publisher=State editor, West Bengal District Gazetteers|page=420}}</ref> The polls took place after the ousting of [[Indira Gandhi]]'s government at the Centre. The [[Left Front (West Bengal)|Left Front]] won a landslide victory. The 1977 election marked the beginning of the 34-year Left Front rule in West Bengal, with [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]] leader [[Jyoti Basu]] leading the first Left Front cabinet.

==Background==
After the [[Janata Party]] won the [[1977 Indian general election|national parliamentary election]] in March 1977 the new government in Delhi opted to dissolve the assemblies in nine states where the [[Indian National Congress|Indian National Congress (R)]] had lost the parliamentary polls and call for fresh elections.<ref name="Chander2004"/> West Bengal was one of these states.<ref name="Chander2004"/> The Congress(R) opposed the dissolution of the assemblies, the incumbent West Bengal Congress(R) government petitioned the [[Supreme Court of India]].<ref name="Chander2004"/> The Supreme Court rejected the petition on 30 April 1977 and the West Bengal assembly was dissolved on order from the acting president [[B.D. Jatti]].<ref name="Chander2004">{{cite book|author=N. Jose Chander|title=Coalition Politics: The Indian Experience|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=G_QtMGIczhMC&pg=PA105|date=1 January 2004|publisher=Concept Publishing Company|isbn=978-81-8069-092-1|page=105}}</ref>

Ahead of the March 1977 parliamentary election the [[Left Front (West Bengal)|Left Front]] (a new alliance led by the [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]]) and the Janata Party had contested with a seat-sharing agreement.<ref name="Chander2004"/> With the assembly elections approaching, the two sides sought to build a seat-sharing agreement.<ref name="Chander2004"/> But the negotiation turned fruitless, and the Left Front and Janata Party parted ways.<ref name="Chander2004"/> The Left Front had offered the Janata Party 56% of the seats and the post as Chief Minister to Janata Party leader [[Prafulla Chandra Sen]], but the Janata Party insisted on 70% of the seats.<ref>The Wire. ''[http://thewire.in/33521/why-has-nobody-called-it-yet-an-analysis-of-the-west-bengal-elections/ Why Has Nobody Called It Yet? An Analysis of the West Bengal Elections]''</ref>

There were 25,984,474 eligible voters, voter turn-out stood at 56.15%.<ref name=s1977/>

==Campaign==
In most areas the West Bengal assembly election saw a triangular contest between the Left Front, the Congress(R) and the Janata Party for the 294 seats across the constituency.<ref name="Chander2004"/> The Left Front fielded 293 candidates; CPI(M) contested 224 seats, the [[All India Forward Bloc]] 36, the [[Revolutionary Socialist Party (India)|Revolutionary Socialist Party]] 23, the [[Marxist Forward Bloc]] 3, the [[Revolutionary Communist Party of India]] 4, the [[Biplobi Bangla Congress]] 2 and 1 Left Front supported independent.<ref name=s1977/><ref name="Mukherjee1991"/><ref name="Committee">{{cite book|author=Communist Party of India (Marxist). West Bengal State Committee|title=Election results of West Bengal: statistics & analysis, 1952-1991|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CNeNAAAAMAAJ|publisher=The Committee|page=419}}</ref> Congress(R) contested 290 seats and Janata Party 289 seats.<ref name=s1977/>

==Results==
The Left Front won the election, winning 231 out of the 294 seats.<ref name=nlr>''New Left Review''. ''[https://newleftreview.org/II/70/kheya-bag-red-bengal-s-rise-and-fall RED BENGAL’S RISE AND FALL]''</ref><ref name=s1977>Election Commission of India. ''[http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1977/StatisticalReportWestBengal77.pdf STATISTICAL REPORT ON GENERAL ELECTION, 1977 TO THE LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY OF WEST BENGAL]''</ref><ref name="Mukherjee1991">{{cite book|author=Bharati Mukherjee|title=Political Culture and Leadership in India: A Study of West Bengal|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JYg9LlHn21cC&pg=PA31|date=1 January 1991|publisher=Mittal Publications|isbn=978-81-7099-320-9|pages=30–31}}</ref> The electoral result came as a surprise to the Left Front itself, as it had offered 52% of the seats in the pre-electoral seat sharing talks with the Janata Party.<ref name="Chander2004"/><ref name=biman>''People's Democracy''. [http://archives.peoplesdemocracy.in/2007/0624/06242007_biman%20basu.htm West Bengal: How The Left Front And Its Government Emerged] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170815214713/http://archives.peoplesdemocracy.in/2007/0624/06242007_biman%20basu.htm |date=15 August 2017 }}</ref> On 21 June 1977 the Left Front formed a government with [[Jyoti Basu]] as its Chief Minister.<ref name=biman/><ref name=bud>''People's Democracy''. ''[http://archives.peoplesdemocracy.in/2007/0624/06242007_buddhadev.htm Thirty Years of Left Front Government in West Bengal] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150401020426/http://archives.peoplesdemocracy.in/2007/0624/06242007_buddhadev.htm |date=1 April 2015 }}''</ref> The first cabinet meeting of the Left Front government ordered the release of political prisoners.<ref name=ht>''Hindustan Times''. ''[http://www.hindustantimes.com/kolkata/timeline-of-left-front-government-in-west-bengal/story-muPwAyT5OH4wDKgimtqEJJ.html Timeline of Left Front government in West Bengal]''</ref>

[[Provisional Central Committee, Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist)]] leader [[Santosh Rana]] was elected as an independent from [[Gopiballavpur (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Gopiballavpur]].<ref>''Times of India''. ''[http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/CPIML-MLA-Santosh-Rana-quits-party/articleshow/50986771.cms CPI(ML) MLA Santosh Rana quits party]''</ref>

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:right
!colspan=2|Party
!Candidates
!Seats
!Votes
!%
|-
|rowspan=7 align=left|[[Left Front (West Bengal)|Left Front]]
|align=left|[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]]
|224
|178
|5,080,828
|35.46
|-
|align=left|[[All India Forward Bloc]]
|36
|25
|750,229
|5.24
|-
|align=left|[[Revolutionary Socialist Party (India)|Revolutionary Socialist Party]]
|23
|20
|536,625
|3.74
|-
|align=left|[[Revolutionary Communist Party of India]]
|4
|3
|75,156
|0.52
|-
|align=left|[[Marxist Forward Bloc]]
|3
|3
|58,466
|0.41
|-
|align=left|[[Biplobi Bangla Congress]]
|2
|1
|35,457
|0.25
|-
|align=left|LF independent
|1
|1
|32,238
|0.22
|-
|colspan=2 align=left|[[Janata Party]]
|289
|29
|2,869,391
|20.02
|-
|colspan=2 align=left|[[Indian National Congress|Indian National Congress (R)]]
|290
|20
|3,298,063
|23.02
|-
|colspan=2 align=left|[[Communist Party of India]]
|63
|2
|375,560
|2.62
|-
|colspan=2 align=left|[[Socialist Unity Centre of India]]
|29
|4
|211,752
|1.48
|-
|colspan=2 align=left|[[Indian Union Muslim League]]
|32
|1
|54,942
|0.38
|-
|colspan=2 align=left|[[Workers Party of India]]
|2
|1
|29,221
|0.20
|-
|colspan=2 align=left|[[Jharkhand Party]]
|2
|0
|5,701
|0.04
|-
|colspan=2 align=left|[[Republican Party of India]]
|3
|0
|1,652
|0.01
|-
|colspan=2 align=left|[[All India Gorkha League]]
|2
|0
|810
|0.01
|-
|colspan=2 align=left|Bharater Biplobi Communist Party
|1
|0
|489
|0.00
|-
|colspan=2 align=left|Independents
|566
|7
|912,612
|6.37
|-
|colspan=2 align=left|'''Total'''
|'''1,572'''
|'''294'''
|'''14,329,201'''
|'''100'''
|-
|align=left colspan=6|Source: [http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1977/StatisticalReportWestBengal77.pdf ECI]
|}

==References==
{{Reflist|2}}

{{West Bengal assembly elections}}

[[Category:1977 State Assembly elections in India]]
[[Category:State Assembly elections in West Bengal]]
[[Category:1970s in West Bengal]]

1977 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election - Revision history

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