1974 smallpox epidemic in India - Revision history

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	{{DEFAULTSORT:1974 Smallpox Epidemic In India}}		{{DEFAULTSORT:1974 Smallpox Epidemic In India}}

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	[[Category:Smallpox epidemics]]		[[Category:Smallpox epidemics]]
	[[Category:1974 in India\|Smallpox Epidemic In India, 1974]]		[[Category:1974 in India\|Smallpox Epidemic In India, 1974]]

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	The '''1974 smallpox epidemic of India''' was one of the worst [[smallpox]] epidemics of the 20th century and occurred three years before smallpox was eradicated.<ref>{{cite journal\|vauthors=Bloom DE, Cadarette D\|date=28 March 2019\|title=Infectious Disease Threats in the Twenty-First Century: Strengthening the Global Response\|journal=Front Immunol\|volume=10\|page=549\|doi=10.3389/fimmu.2019.00549\|pmc=6447676\|pmid=30984169}}</ref>		The '''1974 smallpox epidemic of India''' was one of the worst [[smallpox]] epidemics of the 20th century and occurred three years before smallpox was eradicated.<ref>{{cite journal\|vauthors=Bloom DE, Cadarette D\|date=28 March 2019\|title=Infectious Disease Threats in the Twenty-First Century: Strengthening the Global Response\|journal=Front Immunol\|volume=10\|page=549\|doi=10.3389/fimmu.2019.00549\|pmc=6447676\|pmid=30984169\|doi-access=free}}</ref>

	Over 15,000 people contracted and died from smallpox between January and May 1974. Most of the deaths occurred in the Indian states of [[Bihar]], [[Orissa, India\|Orissa]] and [[West Bengal]]. There were thousands who survived but were disfigured or blinded. [[India]] reported 61,482 cases of smallpox to [[World Health Organization]] (WHO) in these five months. India had over 86% of the world's smallpox cases in 1974, primarily due to this epidemic.<ref name="chart">{{cite web\|url=http://www.smallpoxhistory.ucl.ac.uk/ \|title=The control and eradication of smallpox in South Asia \|website=www.smallpoxhistory.ucl.ac.uk \|access-date=2008-12-18 \|url-status=dead \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081019023043/http://www.smallpoxhistory.ucl.ac.uk/ \|archive-date=2008-10-19 }}</ref> By January 1975, an operation was started aimed at containing the last cases of smallpox, called "Target Zero", with the identification of the last smallpox patient in India occurring on May 24, 1975.<ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://www.lib.umich.edu/online-exhibits/exhibits/show/smallpox-eradication-india/indian-engages-pandemic/chronology-of-the-campaign\|title=Smallpox Eradication in India, 1972-1977 {{!}} Chronology of the eradication campaign {{!}} Online Exhibits {{!}} MLibrary\|website=www.lib.umich.edu\|access-date=2017-09-08}}</ref> By 1980, smallpox was certified as being eradicated from the world.		Over 15,000 people contracted and died from smallpox between January and May 1974. Most of the deaths occurred in the Indian states of [[Bihar]], [[Orissa, India\|Orissa]] and [[West Bengal]]. There were thousands who survived but were disfigured or blinded. [[India]] reported 61,482 cases of smallpox to [[World Health Organization]] (WHO) in these five months. India had over 86% of the world's smallpox cases in 1974, primarily due to this epidemic.<ref name="chart">{{cite web\|url=http://www.smallpoxhistory.ucl.ac.uk/ \|title=The control and eradication of smallpox in South Asia \|website=www.smallpoxhistory.ucl.ac.uk \|access-date=2008-12-18 \|url-status=dead \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081019023043/http://www.smallpoxhistory.ucl.ac.uk/ \|archive-date=2008-10-19 }}</ref> By January 1975, an operation was started aimed at containing the last cases of smallpox, called "Target Zero", with the identification of the last smallpox patient in India occurring on May 24, 1975.<ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://www.lib.umich.edu/online-exhibits/exhibits/show/smallpox-eradication-india/indian-engages-pandemic/chronology-of-the-campaign\|title=Smallpox Eradication in India, 1972-1977 {{!}} Chronology of the eradication campaign {{!}} Online Exhibits {{!}} MLibrary\|website=www.lib.umich.edu\|access-date=2017-09-08}}</ref> By 1980, smallpox was certified as being eradicated from the world.

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{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
The '''1974 smallpox epidemic of India''' was one of the worst [[smallpox]] epidemics of the 20th century and occurred three years before smallpox was eradicated.<ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Bloom DE, Cadarette D|date=28 March 2019|title=Infectious Disease Threats in the Twenty-First Century: Strengthening the Global Response|journal=Front Immunol|volume=10|page=549|doi=10.3389/fimmu.2019.00549|pmc=6447676|pmid=30984169}}</ref>

Over 15,000 people contracted and died from smallpox between January and May 1974. Most of the deaths occurred in the Indian states of [[Bihar]], [[Orissa, India|Orissa]] and [[West Bengal]]. There were thousands who survived but were disfigured or blinded. [[India]] reported 61,482 cases of smallpox to [[World Health Organization]] (WHO) in these five months. India had over 86% of the world's smallpox cases in 1974, primarily due to this epidemic.<ref name="chart">{{cite web|url=http://www.smallpoxhistory.ucl.ac.uk/ |title=The control and eradication of smallpox in South Asia |website=www.smallpoxhistory.ucl.ac.uk |access-date=2008-12-18 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081019023043/http://www.smallpoxhistory.ucl.ac.uk/ |archive-date=2008-10-19 }}</ref> By January 1975, an operation was started aimed at containing the last cases of smallpox, called "Target Zero", with the identification of the last smallpox patient in India occurring on May 24, 1975.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.lib.umich.edu/online-exhibits/exhibits/show/smallpox-eradication-india/indian-engages-pandemic/chronology-of-the-campaign|title=Smallpox Eradication in India, 1972-1977 {{!}} Chronology of the eradication campaign {{!}} Online Exhibits {{!}} MLibrary|website=www.lib.umich.edu|access-date=2017-09-08}}</ref> By 1980, smallpox was certified as being eradicated from the world.

Smallpox was eradicated due to the WHO's smallpox eradication program.<ref name="book">{{cite news|last=Weinraub|first=B.|date=16 July 1974|title=Smallpox Grows in India; Worst Over, Officials Say|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1974/07/16/archives/smallpox-grows-in-india-worst-over-officials-say-about-26000-deaths.html|work=The New York Times|access-date=7 July 2020}}</ref> This program was formally established in 1958, but because of logistics disagreements between the WHO and the Indian government, did not progress rapidly. Headway only began to take place in India after the reorganization of the WHO in the mid 1960s.<ref>{{cite journal|title=A Tale of Two Global Health Programs|journal=American Journal of Public Health|last1=Bhattacharya|first1=Sanjoy|date=July 2009|series=American Journal of Public Health 99(7)|pages=1176–1184|pmc=2696658|pmid=19528668|doi=10.2105/AJPH.2008.135624|volume=99|issue=7}}</ref> [[Donald Henderson]], who was a U.S. Public Health Services Officer stationed in [[New Delhi]], said that "If this interest and concern about ending smallpox can be maintained for the next few months, it's all over. We don't think we're overconfident, but everything looks good. By June of 1975, we hope we'll be finished with smallpox in Asia."<ref name="book" />

==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Epidemics}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:1974 Smallpox Epidemic In India}}
[[Category:Smallpox epidemics]]
[[Category:1974 in India|Smallpox Epidemic In India, 1974]]
[[Category:20th-century epidemics]]
[[Category:Epidemics in India]]
[[Category:Disasters in Bihar]]
[[Category:1974 health disasters]]
[[Category:History of Bihar (1947–present)]]
[[Category:Smallpox eradication]]

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