1173 Polonnaruwa invasion of Chola - Revision history

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	{{~~#description2:~~Invasion of the Chola dynasty}}		{{Short description\|Invasion of the Chola dynasty}}
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	\|place= [[Chola Nadu]] (especially Arapakkam of Kanchipuram)<ref>{{cite web \|url=https://numberstmt.tn.nic.in/databases/census_of_india_2011TN/pdf/01-Kancheepuram.pdf \|title=Census of India 2011: Kancheepuram district \|publisher=Directorate of Census Operations \|access-date=23 March 2018 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180324102444/https://numberstmt.tn.nic.in/databases/census_of_india_2011TN/pdf/01-Kancheepuram.pdf \|archive-date=24 March 2018 \|url-status=dead }}</ref>		\|place= [[Chola Nadu]] (especially Arapakkam of Kanchipuram)<ref>{{cite web \|url=https://numberstmt.tn.nic.in/databases/census_of_india_2011TN/pdf/01-Kancheepuram.pdf \|title=Census of India 2011: Kancheepuram district \|publisher=Directorate of Census Operations \|access-date=23 March 2018 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180324102444/https://numberstmt.tn.nic.in/databases/census_of_india_2011TN/pdf/01-Kancheepuram.pdf \|archive-date=24 March 2018 \|url-status=dead }}</ref>

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	\|place= [[Chola Nadu]] (especially Arapakkam of Kanchipuram)<ref>{{cite web \|url=https://numberstmt.tn.nic.in/databases/census_of_india_2011TN/pdf/01-Kancheepuram.pdf \|title=Census of India 2011: Kancheepuram district \|publisher=Directorate of Census Operations \|access-date=23 March 2018 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180324102444/https://numberstmt.tn.nic.in/databases/census_of_india_2011TN/pdf/01-Kancheepuram.pdf \|archive-date=24 March 2018 \|url-status=dead }}</ref>		\|place= [[Chola Nadu]] (especially Arapakkam of Kanchipuram)<ref>{{cite web \|url=https://numberstmt.tn.nic.in/databases/census_of_india_2011TN/pdf/01-Kancheepuram.pdf \|title=Census of India 2011: Kancheepuram district \|publisher=Directorate of Census Operations \|access-date=23 March 2018 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180324102444/https://numberstmt.tn.nic.in/databases/census_of_india_2011TN/pdf/01-Kancheepuram.pdf \|archive-date=24 March 2018 \|url-status=dead }}</ref>

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	\|keywords=Kingdom of Polonnaruwa, Polonnaruwa period, Overseas empires, Chola dynasty, Invasions of India		\|keywords=Kingdom of Polonnaruwa, Polonnaruwa period, Overseas empires, Chola dynasty, Invasions of India
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	{{Polonnaruwa period topics}}		{{Polonnaruwa period topics}}

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	[[Category:Kingdom of Polonnaruwa]]		[[Category:Kingdom of Polonnaruwa]]

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{{Short description|Invasion of the Chola dynasty}}
{{Infobox military conflict
|place= [[Chola Nadu]] (especially Arapakkam of Kanchipuram)<ref>{{cite web |url=https://numberstmt.tn.nic.in/databases/census_of_india_2011TN/pdf/01-Kancheepuram.pdf |title=Census of India 2011: Kancheepuram district |publisher=Directorate of Census Operations |access-date=23 March 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180324102444/https://numberstmt.tn.nic.in/databases/census_of_india_2011TN/pdf/01-Kancheepuram.pdf |archive-date=24 March 2018 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|commander1= [[Lankapura Dandanatha|General Lankapura]]
|combatant1= [[Kingdom of Polonnaruwa#Ground forces|Polonnaruwa army]]
|combatant2= [[Chola dynasty]]
*Chola tributaries
|commander2= Governors of Tondi and Pasi {{surrender}}
}}
{{Campaignbox Polonnaruwa period conflicts}}

In 1173, an invasion began against the dynasties of [[South India]] by the [[Sinhala kingdom|Sinhalese king]] and conqueror [[Maha Parakramabahu]].<ref name='impressions'/>{{sfn|Siriweera|page=56}} His armies first captured the [[Pandyan kingdom]], and then advanced into [[Chola Nadu]], attacking the Tondi and Pasi regions.

==Background==
{{Unreferenced section|date=October 2021}}
{{main article|Pandyan Civil War (1169–1177)}}
In approximately 1173, the Sinhalese kingdom of Polonnaruwa, invaded the neighbouring [[Pandya kingdom]] and overthrew its leader Kulasekhara Pandyan. The Sinhalese monarch, [[Parakramabahu I]] ordered Vira Pandyan to be installed to the throne. However due to the [[Chola kingdom|Chola]] king, Rajadhiraja's increased his involvement in the war, the Chola mainland became a target of the invading forces.

==Invasion of Chola kingdoms==
After conquering the Pandyan kingdom,<ref name='impressions'>{{harvnb|Wright|page=37}}</ref> the leader of the expeditionary forces, Lankapura invaded the Chola states of Tondi and Pasi, which the [[Arapakkam, Kanchipuram|Chola inscription]] describes as "striking fear into the hearts of its residents".{{sfn|Balasubrahmanyam|page=255}} He burnt up to 30 kilometers of the Chola kingdom as a punishment for the interference in the war.{{sfn|Aiyangar|page=9}} The captives were sent for works, such as repairing the stupas.{{sfn|Parker|page=251}}

==Chola reactions==
{{Unreferenced section|date=October 2021}}
Rajadhiraja instructed his general to kill Lankapura. Meanwhile, the fear-ridden residents, started performing for [[Shiva]], expecting for relief from the invaders.

The worshippers carried the worship for 28 days, until they received the news Lankapura had retreated. The chief who ruled the [[Arapakkam, Kanchipuram|village of Arapakkam]], Edirisola Subramanam, granted the village to a Hindu priest who helped conduct worships.

==References==
{{reflist|30em}}

==Sources==
*{{cite book|last=Parker|first=|title=Ancient Ceylon}}
*{{cite book|last=Wright|first=Arnold|title=20th Century Impressions of Ceylon|publisher=Asoan Education Services|edition=reprint}}
*{{cite book|last=Siriweera|first=W.|title=History of Sri Lanka}}
*{{cite book|last=Balasubrahmanyam|first=S.|title=Early Chola Temples}}
*{{cite book|last=Aiyangar|first=S. K.|title=South India}}

{{Polonnaruwa period topics}}

[[Category:Kingdom of Polonnaruwa]]
[[Category:Polonnaruwa period]]
[[Category:Overseas empires]]
[[Category:Chola dynasty]]
[[Category:Invasions of India]]