10th Indian Infantry Division - Revision history

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	{{Infobox military unit		{{Infobox military unit
	\|unit_name=10th Indian Infantry Division		\|unit_name=10th Indian Infantry Division
	\|image=~~Indian10DivBadge0001.jpg~~		\|image=
	\|image_size=150px		\|image_size=150px
	\|caption=Insignia of the 10th Indian Infantry Division, World War II.		\|caption=Insignia of the 10th Indian Infantry Division, World War II.
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	==World War II==		==World War II==
	The Division was formed in January 1941 at [[Ahmednagar]], out of the [[20th Indian Infantry Brigade\|20th]], [[21st Indian Infantry Brigade\|21st]] and [[25th Indian Infantry Brigade]]s. The first General Officer Commanding was [[Major-general (United Kingdom)\|Major-General]] [[William Archibald Kenneth Fraser\|W.A.K. Fraser]].<ref name="GJ"/> The division landed in [[Basra]] in April, 1941 for the [[Anglo-Iraqi War]]. On 16 May 1941, [[Major-general (United Kingdom)\|Major General]] [[William Slim, 1st Viscount Slim\|William "Bill" Slim]] took over command of the division and moved up the [[Euphrates]], capturing [[Baghdad]] and the oilfields of [[Mosul]]. When Iraq's ally [[Nazi Germany]] relocated its aircraft to Vichy French [[Syria]], the 10th [[Syria-Lebanon Campaign\|invaded]] Syria from Iraq in June. The 21st Brigade advanced towards [[Aleppo]], while the 20th and 25th Brigades guarded the communication lines and the Mosul oilfield, respectively. Following the French surrender on 11 July, the division returned to guard duty in Mosul. In August, the division took part in the joint [[Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran]]. At the conclusion of the Iranian operation, it returned to Iraq, where it underwent additional training and undertook security duties until May 1942.{{sfn\|Kavanagh\|2014\|pp=47–48}} In March 1942, command of the division passed from Slim to Major General [[Thomas Wynford Rees\|Thomas "Pete" Rees]] when Slim was ordered to India to take command of [[Burma Corps]], the kernel that would eventually become the [[Fourteenth Army (United Kingdom)\|British Fourteenth Army]].<ref>Slim William. ''Defeat into Victory'' p. 19</ref>		The Division was formed in January 1941 at [[Ahmednagar]], out of the [[20th Indian Infantry Brigade\|20th]], [[21st Indian Infantry Brigade\|21st]] and [[25th Indian Infantry Brigade]]s. The first General Officer Commanding was [[Major-general (United Kingdom)\|Major-General]] [[William Archibald Kenneth Fraser\|W.A.K. Fraser]].<ref name="GJ"/> The division landed in [[Basra]] in April, 1941 for the [[Anglo-Iraqi War]]. On 16 May 1941, [[Major-general (United Kingdom)\|Major General]] [[William Slim, 1st Viscount Slim\|William "Bill" Slim]] took over command of the division and moved up the [[Euphrates]], capturing [[Baghdad]] and the oilfields of [[Mosul]]. When Iraq's ally [[Nazi Germany]] relocated its aircraft to Vichy French [[Syria]], the 10th [[Syria-Lebanon Campaign\|invaded]] Syria from Iraq in June. The 21st Brigade advanced towards [[Aleppo]], while the 20th and 25th Brigades guarded the communication lines and the Mosul oilfield, respectively. Following the French surrender on 11 July, the division returned to guard duty in Mosul. In August, the division took part in the joint [[Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran]]. At the conclusion of the Iranian operation, it returned to Iraq, where it underwent additional training and undertook security duties until May 1942.{{sfn\|Kavanagh\|2014\|pp=47–48}} In March 1942, command of the division passed from Slim to Major General [[Thomas Wynford Rees\|Thomas "Pete" Rees]] when Slim was ordered to India to take command of [[Burma Corps]], the kernel that would eventually become the [[Fourteenth Army (United Kingdom)\|British Fourteenth Army]].<ref>Slim William. ''Defeat into Victory'' p. 19</ref>
	[[File:~~Clement Attlee meets representatives of the 10th Indian Division, 1945 (c).jpg~~\|thumb\|[[Clement Attlee]] meets representatives of the [[10th Indian Division]], 1945.]]		[[File:\|thumb\|[[Clement Attlee]] meets representatives of the [[10th Indian Division]], 1945.]]

	{{quotation\|We had scrambled thought skirmishes of the Iraq rebellion, been bloodied, but not too deeply, against the French in Syria, and enjoyed the unrestrainedly ''opéra bouffe'' of the invasion of Persia. We had bought our beer in Haifa and drunk it on the shores of the Caspian. We could move, we could fight, and we had begun to build up that most valuable of all assets a tradition of success. We had a good soldierly conceit of ourselves. Now in March 1942, in spite of dust storms ...it was stimulating to be in what we all felt was a critical spot, waiting for the threatened German invasion of Turkey.\|Slim – ''Defeat into Victory''<ref>Slim William. ''Defeat into Victory'' p. 3</ref>}}		{{quotation\|We had scrambled thought skirmishes of the Iraq rebellion, been bloodied, but not too deeply, against the French in Syria, and enjoyed the unrestrainedly ''opéra bouffe'' of the invasion of Persia. We had bought our beer in Haifa and drunk it on the shores of the Caspian. We could move, we could fight, and we had begun to build up that most valuable of all assets a tradition of success. We had a good soldierly conceit of ourselves. Now in March 1942, in spite of dust storms ...it was stimulating to be in what we all felt was a critical spot, waiting for the threatened German invasion of Turkey.\|Slim – ''Defeat into Victory''<ref>Slim William. ''Defeat into Victory'' p. 3</ref>}}

	The division then moved on to [[North Africa]], reaching [[Halfaya Pass]] on 4 June to take part in the [[Western Desert Campaign]].{{sfn\|Kavanagh\|2014\|p=48}} Initially the 10th Indian Infantry Division was committed piecemeal with units involved at [[El Adem]] and Sidi Rezegh during the 1942 [[Battle of Gazala]]. In June the division, with the [[2nd Free French Brigade]] under command, was ordered by [[Lieutenant-general (United Kingdom)\|Lieutenant General]] [[William Gott]], the [[XIII Corps (United Kingdom)\|XIII Corps]] commander, to hold a position near the Egyptian border with Libya for 72 hours during the [[Eighth Army (United Kingdom)\|British Eighth Army]]'s retreat to El Alamein. Major General Rees responded that the division had only just concentrated and that defensive works were as yet inadequate. He believed, therefore, that the division was unlikely to be able to withstand a full-scale attack from [[Erwin Rommel]]. Gott immediately visited Rees and relieved him of command of the division, telling him he lacked resolution.<ref name="Mead373">Mead (2007), p. 373</ref> During its retreat from Libya, the division was tasked with defending the coastal town of [[Mersa Matruh]]. In the ensuing battle it was overwhelmed and forced to retreat. 60% of the men evaded capture, reaching the Allied lines at [[El Alamein]] the following day. Most of the survivors were sent to the [[Nile Delta]] to recover. However, part of the division formed the improvised Robcol formation (comprising a regiment each of field artillery and light anti-aircraft artillery and a company of infantry), which held the [[Ruweisat Ridge]] between 2–3 July during the [[First Battle of El Alamein]].{{sfn\|Kavanagh\|2014\|p=48}}		The division then moved on to [[North Africa]], reaching [[Halfaya Pass]] on 4 June to take part in the [[Western Desert Campaign]].{{sfn\|Kavanagh\|2014\|p=48}} Initially the 10th Indian Infantry Division was committed piecemeal with units involved at [[El Adem]] and Sidi Rezegh during the 1942 [[Battle of Gazala]]. In June the division, with the [[2nd Free French Brigade]] under command, was ordered by [[Lieutenant-general (United Kingdom)\|Lieutenant General]] [[William Gott]], the [[XIII Corps (United Kingdom)\|XIII Corps]] commander, to hold a position near the Egyptian border with Libya for 72 hours during the [[Eighth Army (United Kingdom)\|British Eighth Army]]'s retreat to El Alamein. Major General Rees responded that the division had only just concentrated and that defensive works were as yet inadequate. He believed, therefore, that the division was unlikely to be able to withstand a full-scale attack from [[Erwin Rommel]]. Gott immediately visited Rees and relieved him of command of the division, telling him he lacked resolution.<ref name="Mead373">Mead (2007), p. 373</ref> During its retreat from Libya, the division was tasked with defending the coastal town of [[Mersa Matruh]]. In the ensuing battle it was overwhelmed and forced to retreat. 60% of the men evaded capture, reaching the Allied lines at [[El Alamein]] the following day. Most of the survivors were sent to the [[Nile Delta]] to recover. However, part of the division formed the improvised Robcol formation (comprising a regiment each of field artillery and light anti-aircraft artillery and a company of infantry), which held the [[Ruweisat Ridge]] between 2–3 July during the [[First Battle of El Alamein]].{{sfn\|Kavanagh\|2014\|p=48}}
	[[File:~~The British Army in the Middle East 1942 E10780.jpg~~\|thumb\|The Commander in Chief, [[General Auchinleck]], inspecting Bren gun carrier crews of the Indian Tenth Army in [[Iraq]], 18 April 1942.]]		[[File:\|thumb\|The Commander in Chief, [[General Auchinleck]], inspecting Bren gun carrier crews of the Indian Tenth Army in [[Iraq]], 18 April 1942.]]
	[[File:~~The British Army in Italy 1944 NA17069.jpg~~\|thumb\|The 10th Indian Division in [[Italy]], 22 July 1944.]]		[[File:\|thumb\|The 10th Indian Division in [[Italy]], 22 July 1944.]]
	In August, command passed to Major General [[Alan Bruce Blaxland]] while the division was sent to [[Cyprus]] with the responsibility of protecting the island. In July 1943, Major General [[Wilfrid Lewis Lloyd]] took command. In August, the 10th had relocated to the Middle East, now incorporating the 1st Greek Brigade, composed of royalist Greek and [[Yugoslavia]]n troops along with the 20th and 25th Indian Brigades. During the summer it underwent training for a planned invasion of [[Rhodes]], but the Allied defeat in the [[Dodecanese campaign]] put an end to those plans. In November it was placed on security duty in [[Lebanon]]. On 27 November, it began training for amphibious assault and mountain warfare in preparation for its role in the [[Italian Campaign (World War II)\|Italian Campaign]].{{sfn\|Kavanagh\|2014\|pp=48–51}} In January 1944, Lloyd was killed in a car accident while overseeing a training exercise in Egypt; command passed to Major General [[Denys Whitehorn Reid]].{{sfn\|Kavanagh\|2014\|p=57}}		In August, command passed to Major General [[Alan Bruce Blaxland]] while the division was sent to [[Cyprus]] with the responsibility of protecting the island. In July 1943, Major General [[Wilfrid Lewis Lloyd]] took command. In August, the 10th had relocated to the Middle East, now incorporating the 1st Greek Brigade, composed of royalist Greek and [[Yugoslavia]]n troops along with the 20th and 25th Indian Brigades. During the summer it underwent training for a planned invasion of [[Rhodes]], but the Allied defeat in the [[Dodecanese campaign]] put an end to those plans. In November it was placed on security duty in [[Lebanon]]. On 27 November, it began training for amphibious assault and mountain warfare in preparation for its role in the [[Italian Campaign (World War II)\|Italian Campaign]].{{sfn\|Kavanagh\|2014\|pp=48–51}} In January 1944, Lloyd was killed in a car accident while overseeing a training exercise in Egypt; command passed to Major General [[Denys Whitehorn Reid]].{{sfn\|Kavanagh\|2014\|p=57}}

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	==Order of battle==		==Order of battle==
	[[File:~~The British Army in Italy 1945 NA21748.jpg~~\|thumb\|A patrol from No. 8 Platoon, 'C' Company of the 2nd Battalion, [[3 Gorkha Rifles\|3rd Gurkha Rifles]] advances cautiously through the snow, near Castel Bolognese, Italy, 23–24 January 1945.]]		[[File:\|thumb\|A patrol from No. 8 Platoon, 'C' Company of the 2nd Battalion, [[3 Gorkha Rifles\|3rd Gurkha Rifles]] advances cautiously through the snow, near Castel Bolognese, Italy, 23–24 January 1945.]]

	===1941===		===1941===
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	==Post re-raising==		==Post re-raising==
	[[File:~~Flag of Indian Army, 10th Infantry Division.png~~\|thumb\|right\|Flag of 10 Infantry Division, Indian Army]]		[[File:\|thumb\|right\|Flag of 10 Infantry Division, Indian Army]]
	Soon after re-raising, with war clouds looming, the division under Major General Dharam Bir Chopra was moved to [[Chhamb]]-[[Jourian]] sector under [[XV Corps (India)\|XV Corps]]. Before it could settle down in its new location, the division was asked to move to the [[Akhnoor]] sector. The division at this time was re-designated as '''10 Infantry Division'''.<ref name="GJ"/> It was asked to take over operational command over 80 and 191 Infantry Brigades by 15 September 1965.<ref name="Harbaksh"/>		Soon after re-raising, with war clouds looming, the division under Major General Dharam Bir Chopra was moved to [[Chhamb]]-[[Jourian]] sector under [[XV Corps (India)\|XV Corps]]. Before it could settle down in its new location, the division was asked to move to the [[Akhnoor]] sector. The division at this time was re-designated as '''10 Infantry Division'''.<ref name="GJ"/> It was asked to take over operational command over 80 and 191 Infantry Brigades by 15 September 1965.<ref name="Harbaksh"/>

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	\| header = War memorials of the Crossed Swords Division		\| header = War memorials of the Crossed Swords Division
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	\|allegiance={{flag\|British Empire}}<br>{{flag\|India}}		\|allegiance={{flag\|British Empire}}<br>{{flag\|India}}
	\|branch= [[British Indian Army]]<br>~~[[File:Flag of Indian Army.svg\|24px]]~~ [[Indian Army]]		\|branch= [[British Indian Army]]<br> [[Indian Army]]
	\|type=[[Infantry]]		\|type=[[Infantry]]
	\|role=		\|role=

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	\|allegiance={{flag\|British Empire}}<br>{{flag\|India}}		\|allegiance={{flag\|British Empire}}<br>{{flag\|India}}
	\|branch=~~[[File:British Raj Red Ensign.svg\|25px]]~~ [[British Indian Army]]<br>[[File:Flag of Indian Army.svg\|24px]] [[Indian Army]]		\|branch= [[British Indian Army]]<br>[[File:Flag of Indian Army.svg\|24px]] [[Indian Army]]
	\|type=[[Infantry]]		\|type=[[Infantry]]
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	{{~~#description2:~~Infantry Division of the Indian army during World War II}}		{{Short description\|Infantry Division of the Indian army during World War II}}
	{{for\|the World War I formation\|10th Indian Division}}		{{for\|the World War I formation\|10th Indian Division}}
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	The division was commanded by Major General Jaswant Singh during the [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1971\|1971 war]]. In addition to the above units, the division had a para commando group from 9 [[Parachute Regiment (India)\|Para]] and a company of guided missiles from 12 [[Brigade of the Guards\|Guards]]. The division was tasked to defend the [[Chhamb]]-[[Jourian]] sector and also attack across the border. In addition to its regular brigades (28, 52 and 191); 68 Infantry Brigade, which was the XV Corps reserve brigade in the Kashmir valley was earmarked as its fourth brigade. 191 Brigade was moved to Chhamb, 68 Brigade was kept as reserve at Akhnoor, while the other infantry brigades and armoured elements were at Kalit-Troti. Anticipating the onset of a Pakistani attack, 52 Brigade was deployed in the area Nawan Harimpur, 28 Brigade on the Kalidhar range and 68 Brigade to the Troti heights. Across the border was the Pakistani 23 Infantry Division commanded by Major General [[Iftikhar Khan Janjua\|Iftikhar Janjua]] with its 20, 111, 66, 4 (POK) and 7 (POK) Infantry Brigades and 2 (Independent) Armoured Brigade.<ref name="Jagjit"/>		The division was commanded by Major General Jaswant Singh during the [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1971\|1971 war]]. In addition to the above units, the division had a para commando group from 9 [[Parachute Regiment (India)\|Para]] and a company of guided missiles from 12 [[Brigade of the Guards\|Guards]]. The division was tasked to defend the [[Chhamb]]-[[Jourian]] sector and also attack across the border. In addition to its regular brigades (28, 52 and 191); 68 Infantry Brigade, which was the XV Corps reserve brigade in the Kashmir valley was earmarked as its fourth brigade. 191 Brigade was moved to Chhamb, 68 Brigade was kept as reserve at Akhnoor, while the other infantry brigades and armoured elements were at Kalit-Troti. Anticipating the onset of a Pakistani attack, 52 Brigade was deployed in the area Nawan Harimpur, 28 Brigade on the Kalidhar range and 68 Brigade to the Troti heights. Across the border was the Pakistani 23 Infantry Division commanded by Major General [[Iftikhar Khan Janjua\|Iftikhar Janjua]] with its 20, 111, 66, 4 (POK) and 7 (POK) Infantry Brigades and 2 (Independent) Armoured Brigade.<ref name="Jagjit"/>

	The Pakistani forces with their numerical superiority and geographical advantage went for the offensive. On the night of 3 December 1971, Pakistani artillery started shelling the Indian defences of 191 Infantry Brigade, followed by the infantry and armour attack on 4 December.<ref>{{cite web\|url=https://salute.co.in/the-chhamb-battle/\|title=The Chhamb Battle\|date=2014-08-01\|access-date=2021-10-19}}</ref> The latter was blunted by the tanks of Deccan Horse and 5 Sikh with their [[Recoilless rifle\|recoilless guns]]. The Pakistani forces continued with their attack in the north through Sukhtao Nullah and captured Mandiala North by mid-day of 4 December, a position which they consolidated by the evening of the same day. 6 and 11 POK Brigades managed to cross the [[Manawar Tawi River]], but ran straight into an Indian medium artillery regiment, which inflicted heavy casualties to them. Five Indian guns were damaged. An attempt by Pakistani tanks to cross the river was thwarted by the Indian armour and 5 Pakistani tanks were destroyed. The Pakistanis withdrew across the river. A counter-attack by a Gorkha company led to re-capture of the Mandiala bridge on the morning of 5 December. By the evening, Pakistani forces regrouped and attacked Ghogi, Barsala and Point 951 between Chhamb and Manawar and managed to capture Gurha and Mandiala South in the north. On the night of 6 December, the division decided to withdraw and stabilise the defence line to the eastern bank of the Manawar Tawi river. The retreating forces blew up the Mandiala bridge.<ref name="Sukhwant Singh">{{cite book\|last=Singh\|first=Sukhwant\|title= India's Wars Since Independence: Defence of the western border\|date=1998\|publisher= Spantech\|isbn= 978-1897829424\|page=}}</ref~~><ref name="GJ"/~~>		The Pakistani forces with their numerical superiority and geographical advantage went for the offensive. On the night of 3 December 1971, Pakistani artillery started shelling the Indian defences of 191 Infantry Brigade, followed by the infantry and armour attack on 4 December.<ref>{{cite web\|url=https://salute.co.in/the-chhamb-battle/\|title=The Chhamb Battle\|date=2014-08-01\|access-date=2021-10-19}}</ref> The latter was blunted by the tanks of Deccan Horse and 5 Sikh with their [[Recoilless rifle\|recoilless guns]]. The Pakistani forces continued with their attack in the north through Sukhtao Nullah and captured Mandiala North by mid-day of 4 December, a position which they consolidated by the evening of the same day. 6 and 11 POK Brigades managed to cross the [[Manawar Tawi River]], but ran straight into an Indian medium artillery regiment, which inflicted heavy casualties to them. Five Indian guns were damaged. An attempt by Pakistani tanks to cross the river was thwarted by the Indian armour and 5 Pakistani tanks were destroyed. The Pakistanis withdrew across the river. A counter-attack by a Gorkha company led to re-capture of the Mandiala bridge on the morning of 5 December. By the evening, Pakistani forces regrouped and attacked Ghogi, Barsala and Point 951 between Chhamb and Manawar and managed to capture Gurha and Mandiala South in the north. On the night of 6 December, the division decided to withdraw and stabilise the defence line to the eastern bank of the Manawar Tawi river. The retreating forces blew up the Mandiala bridge.<ref name="GJ"/><ref name="Sukhwant Singh">{{cite book\|last=Singh\|first=Sukhwant\|title= India's Wars Since Independence: Defence of the western border\|date=1998\|publisher= Spantech\|isbn= 978-1897829424\|page=}}</ref>

	Following the withdrawal, the operations shifted to the area east of the Manawar Tawi river. On 8 and 9 December, the Pakistani forces attempted to force the Raipur crossing, but this attack was beaten back by 10 Garhwal Rifles, leading to 39 Pakistani dead and six taken as prisoners of war. This was followed by multiple unsuccessful probing attacks. An armour attack through Sukhtao nullah opposite Chaprael was also beaten back. On the early hours of 10 December, Pakistani 111 Infantry Brigade along with 4 [[Punjab Regiment (Pakistan)\|Punjab]], 10 [[Baloch Regiment\|Baloch]] and 28 Cavalry crossed Darh and established a [[bridgehead]]. This advance, though could not progress much, because of Indian infantry fire and the Pakistani tanks getting bogged. A counter-attack by a mixed group of tanks from the Deccan Horse and 72 Armoured Regiment failed for the same reason - soft soil.<ref name="~~Sukhwant Singh~~"/><ref name="GJ"/>		Following the withdrawal, the operations shifted to the area east of the Manawar Tawi river. On 8 and 9 December, the Pakistani forces attempted to force the Raipur crossing, but this attack was beaten back by 10 Garhwal Rifles, leading to 39 Pakistani dead and six taken as prisoners of war. This was followed by multiple unsuccessful probing attacks. An armour attack through Sukhtao nullah opposite Chaprael was also beaten back. On the early hours of 10 December, Pakistani 111 Infantry Brigade along with 4 [[Punjab Regiment (Pakistan)\|Punjab]], 10 [[Baloch Regiment\|Baloch]] and 28 Cavalry crossed Darh and established a [[bridgehead]]. This advance, though could not progress much, because of Indian infantry fire and the Pakistani tanks getting bogged. A counter-attack by a mixed group of tanks from the Deccan Horse and 72 Armoured Regiment failed for the same reason - soft soil.<ref name="GJ"/><ref name="Sukhwant Singh"/>

	The Pakistani commander, General Janjua was killed on 9 December 1971, after his helicopter was shot down. Following this, the Indians attacked the Pakistani bridgehead from two directions on 10 December -two infantry companies and one squadron of 72 Armoured Regiment from the north and one infantry company from the south. The attack and the decision of the new commander to pull back troops led to the Pakistanis pulling back on 10 December. The Pakistanis lost six tanks, whereas the Indians lost five. Following this, the line of control was stabilised at this point. After the ceasefire and as part of the [[Simla Agreement]], India lost the territory west of the Tawi river.<ref name="~~Sukhwant Singh~~"/><ref name="GJ"/>		The Pakistani commander, General Janjua was killed on 9 December 1971, after his helicopter was shot down. Following this, the Indians attacked the Pakistani bridgehead from two directions on 10 December -two infantry companies and one squadron of 72 Armoured Regiment from the north and one infantry company from the south. The attack and the decision of the new commander to pull back troops led to the Pakistanis pulling back on 10 December. The Pakistanis lost six tanks, whereas the Indians lost five. Following this, the line of control was stabilised at this point. After the ceasefire and as part of the [[Simla Agreement]], India lost the territory west of the Tawi river.<ref name="GJ"/><ref name="Sukhwant Singh"/>

	Meanwhile, in the hill sector, Pakistan attacked Picquet 707, Laleali and Dewa on 3 December 1971. These attacks were beaten back, except for the one at Picquet 707, where they managed a foothold. An effective counter-attack managed to force the Pakistanis to withdraw leaving 50 Pakistanis dead. The Pakistani forces attempted further attacks on 6 and 7 December without success. A Pakistani [[Air Observation Post]] aircraft was shot down at Laleali. A Pakistani platoon successfully infiltrated in the Batal area on 5 December, but was evicted by a company which had moved in from Nathuan Tibba. On 8 December 1971, Dewa and the surrounding heights were captured by Pakistan after heavy fighting.<ref name="Sukhwant Singh"/><ref>{{cite book\|last=Rao\|first=KVK\|title=Prepare or Perish: A Study of National Security\|publisher=Lancer Publishers\|date=1991\|isbn=978-8172120016\|page=}}</ref>		Meanwhile, in the hill sector, Pakistan attacked Picquet 707, Laleali and Dewa on 3 December 1971. These attacks were beaten back, except for the one at Picquet 707, where they managed a foothold. An effective counter-attack managed to force the Pakistanis to withdraw leaving 50 Pakistanis dead. The Pakistani forces attempted further attacks on 6 and 7 December without success. A Pakistani [[Air Observation Post]] aircraft was shot down at Laleali. A Pakistani platoon successfully infiltrated in the Batal area on 5 December, but was evicted by a company which had moved in from Nathuan Tibba. On 8 December 1971, Dewa and the surrounding heights were captured by Pakistan after heavy fighting.<ref name="Sukhwant Singh"/><ref>{{cite book\|last=Rao\|first=KVK\|title=Prepare or Perish: A Study of National Security\|publisher=Lancer Publishers\|date=1991\|isbn=978-8172120016\|page=}}</ref>
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	{{#seo:		{{#seo:
	~~\|title=10th Indian Infantry Division~~
	~~\|title_mode=append~~
	\|keywords=Indian World War II divisions, British Indian Army divisions, Divisions of the Indian Army, Military units and formations established in 1941, History of the Bengal Sappers, Military units and formations of the British Empire in World War II, Military units and formations disestablished in 1947, Military units and formations established in 1947		\|keywords=Indian World War II divisions, British Indian Army divisions, Divisions of the Indian Army, Military units and formations established in 1941, History of the Bengal Sappers, Military units and formations of the British Empire in World War II, Military units and formations disestablished in 1947, Military units and formations established in 1947
	\|description=		\|description=

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	{{DEFAULTSORT:10 Indian Infantry Division}}		{{DEFAULTSORT:10 Indian Infantry Division}}

			{{#seo:
			\|title=10th Indian Infantry Division
			\|title_mode=append
			\|keywords=Indian World War II divisions, British Indian Army divisions, Divisions of the Indian Army, Military units and formations established in 1941, History of the Bengal Sappers, Military units and formations of the British Empire in World War II, Military units and formations disestablished in 1947, Military units and formations established in 1947
			\|description=
			}}

	[[Category:Indian World War II divisions]]		[[Category:Indian World War II divisions]]
	[[Category:British Indian Army divisions]]		[[Category:British Indian Army divisions]]

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	{{Infobox military unit		{{Infobox military unit
	\|unit_name=10th Indian Infantry Division		\|unit_name=10th Indian Infantry Division

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	\|country={{flagicon\|British Raj}} [[British Raj\|British India]]<br>{{flag\|India}}		\|country={{flagicon\|British Raj}} [[British Raj\|British India]]<br>{{flag\|India}}
	\|allegiance={{flag\|British Empire}}<br>{{flag\|India}}		\|allegiance={{flag\|British Empire}}<br>{{flag\|India}}
	\|branch=[[File:]] [[British Indian Army]]<br>[[File:]] [[Indian Army]]		\|branch=[[File:British Raj Red Ensign.svg\|25px]] [[British Indian Army]]<br>[[File:Flag of Indian Army.svg\|24px]] [[Indian Army]]
	\|type=[[Infantry]]		\|type=[[Infantry]]
	\|role=		\|role=
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	==World War II==		==World War II==
	The Division was formed in January 1941 at [[Ahmednagar]], out of the [[20th Indian Infantry Brigade\|20th]], [[21st Indian Infantry Brigade\|21st]] and [[25th Indian Infantry Brigade]]s. The first General Officer Commanding was [[Major-general (United Kingdom)\|Major-General]] [[William Archibald Kenneth Fraser\|W.A.K. Fraser]].<ref name="GJ"/> The division landed in [[Basra]] in April, 1941 for the [[Anglo-Iraqi War]]. On 16 May 1941, [[Major-general (United Kingdom)\|Major General]] [[William Slim, 1st Viscount Slim\|William "Bill" Slim]] took over command of the division and moved up the [[Euphrates]], capturing [[Baghdad]] and the oilfields of [[Mosul]]. When Iraq's ally [[Nazi Germany]] relocated its aircraft to Vichy French [[Syria]], the 10th [[Syria-Lebanon Campaign\|invaded]] Syria from Iraq in June. The 21st Brigade advanced towards [[Aleppo]], while the 20th and 25th Brigades guarded the communication lines and the Mosul oilfield, respectively. Following the French surrender on 11 July, the division returned to guard duty in Mosul. In August, the division took part in the joint [[Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran]]. At the conclusion of the Iranian operation, it returned to Iraq, where it underwent additional training and undertook security duties until May 1942.{{sfn\|Kavanagh\|2014\|pp=47–48}} In March 1942, command of the division passed from Slim to Major General [[Thomas Wynford Rees\|Thomas "Pete" Rees]] when Slim was ordered to India to take command of [[Burma Corps]], the kernel that would eventually become the [[Fourteenth Army (United Kingdom)\|British Fourteenth Army]].<ref>Slim William. ''Defeat into Victory'' p. 19</ref>		The Division was formed in January 1941 at [[Ahmednagar]], out of the [[20th Indian Infantry Brigade\|20th]], [[21st Indian Infantry Brigade\|21st]] and [[25th Indian Infantry Brigade]]s. The first General Officer Commanding was [[Major-general (United Kingdom)\|Major-General]] [[William Archibald Kenneth Fraser\|W.A.K. Fraser]].<ref name="GJ"/> The division landed in [[Basra]] in April, 1941 for the [[Anglo-Iraqi War]]. On 16 May 1941, [[Major-general (United Kingdom)\|Major General]] [[William Slim, 1st Viscount Slim\|William "Bill" Slim]] took over command of the division and moved up the [[Euphrates]], capturing [[Baghdad]] and the oilfields of [[Mosul]]. When Iraq's ally [[Nazi Germany]] relocated its aircraft to Vichy French [[Syria]], the 10th [[Syria-Lebanon Campaign\|invaded]] Syria from Iraq in June. The 21st Brigade advanced towards [[Aleppo]], while the 20th and 25th Brigades guarded the communication lines and the Mosul oilfield, respectively. Following the French surrender on 11 July, the division returned to guard duty in Mosul. In August, the division took part in the joint [[Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran]]. At the conclusion of the Iranian operation, it returned to Iraq, where it underwent additional training and undertook security duties until May 1942.{{sfn\|Kavanagh\|2014\|pp=47–48}} In March 1942, command of the division passed from Slim to Major General [[Thomas Wynford Rees\|Thomas "Pete" Rees]] when Slim was ordered to India to take command of [[Burma Corps]], the kernel that would eventually become the [[Fourteenth Army (United Kingdom)\|British Fourteenth Army]].<ref>Slim William. ''Defeat into Victory'' p. 19</ref>
	[[File:]] meets representatives of the [[10th Indian Division]], 1945.]]		[[File:Clement Attlee meets representatives of the 10th Indian Division, 1945 (c).jpg\|thumb\|[[Clement Attlee]] meets representatives of the [[10th Indian Division]], 1945.]]

	{{quotation\|We had scrambled thought skirmishes of the Iraq rebellion, been bloodied, but not too deeply, against the French in Syria, and enjoyed the unrestrainedly ''opéra bouffe'' of the invasion of Persia. We had bought our beer in Haifa and drunk it on the shores of the Caspian. We could move, we could fight, and we had begun to build up that most valuable of all assets a tradition of success. We had a good soldierly conceit of ourselves. Now in March 1942, in spite of dust storms ...it was stimulating to be in what we all felt was a critical spot, waiting for the threatened German invasion of Turkey.\|Slim – ''Defeat into Victory''<ref>Slim William. ''Defeat into Victory'' p. 3</ref>}}		{{quotation\|We had scrambled thought skirmishes of the Iraq rebellion, been bloodied, but not too deeply, against the French in Syria, and enjoyed the unrestrainedly ''opéra bouffe'' of the invasion of Persia. We had bought our beer in Haifa and drunk it on the shores of the Caspian. We could move, we could fight, and we had begun to build up that most valuable of all assets a tradition of success. We had a good soldierly conceit of ourselves. Now in March 1942, in spite of dust storms ...it was stimulating to be in what we all felt was a critical spot, waiting for the threatened German invasion of Turkey.\|Slim – ''Defeat into Victory''<ref>Slim William. ''Defeat into Victory'' p. 3</ref>}}

	The division then moved on to [[North Africa]], reaching [[Halfaya Pass]] on 4 June to take part in the [[Western Desert Campaign]].{{sfn\|Kavanagh\|2014\|p=48}} Initially the 10th Indian Infantry Division was committed piecemeal with units involved at [[El Adem]] and Sidi Rezegh during the 1942 [[Battle of Gazala]]. In June the division, with the [[2nd Free French Brigade]] under command, was ordered by [[Lieutenant-general (United Kingdom)\|Lieutenant General]] [[William Gott]], the [[XIII Corps (United Kingdom)\|XIII Corps]] commander, to hold a position near the Egyptian border with Libya for 72 hours during the [[Eighth Army (United Kingdom)\|British Eighth Army]]'s retreat to El Alamein. Major General Rees responded that the division had only just concentrated and that defensive works were as yet inadequate. He believed, therefore, that the division was unlikely to be able to withstand a full-scale attack from [[Erwin Rommel]]. Gott immediately visited Rees and relieved him of command of the division, telling him he lacked resolution.<ref name="Mead373">Mead (2007), p. 373</ref> During its retreat from Libya, the division was tasked with defending the coastal town of [[Mersa Matruh]]. In the ensuing battle it was overwhelmed and forced to retreat. 60% of the men evaded capture, reaching the Allied lines at [[El Alamein]] the following day. Most of the survivors were sent to the [[Nile Delta]] to recover. However, part of the division formed the improvised Robcol formation (comprising a regiment each of field artillery and light anti-aircraft artillery and a company of infantry), which held the [[Ruweisat Ridge]] between 2–3 July during the [[First Battle of El Alamein]].{{sfn\|Kavanagh\|2014\|p=48}}		The division then moved on to [[North Africa]], reaching [[Halfaya Pass]] on 4 June to take part in the [[Western Desert Campaign]].{{sfn\|Kavanagh\|2014\|p=48}} Initially the 10th Indian Infantry Division was committed piecemeal with units involved at [[El Adem]] and Sidi Rezegh during the 1942 [[Battle of Gazala]]. In June the division, with the [[2nd Free French Brigade]] under command, was ordered by [[Lieutenant-general (United Kingdom)\|Lieutenant General]] [[William Gott]], the [[XIII Corps (United Kingdom)\|XIII Corps]] commander, to hold a position near the Egyptian border with Libya for 72 hours during the [[Eighth Army (United Kingdom)\|British Eighth Army]]'s retreat to El Alamein. Major General Rees responded that the division had only just concentrated and that defensive works were as yet inadequate. He believed, therefore, that the division was unlikely to be able to withstand a full-scale attack from [[Erwin Rommel]]. Gott immediately visited Rees and relieved him of command of the division, telling him he lacked resolution.<ref name="Mead373">Mead (2007), p. 373</ref> During its retreat from Libya, the division was tasked with defending the coastal town of [[Mersa Matruh]]. In the ensuing battle it was overwhelmed and forced to retreat. 60% of the men evaded capture, reaching the Allied lines at [[El Alamein]] the following day. Most of the survivors were sent to the [[Nile Delta]] to recover. However, part of the division formed the improvised Robcol formation (comprising a regiment each of field artillery and light anti-aircraft artillery and a company of infantry), which held the [[Ruweisat Ridge]] between 2–3 July during the [[First Battle of El Alamein]].{{sfn\|Kavanagh\|2014\|p=48}}
	[[File:]], inspecting Bren gun carrier crews of the Indian Tenth Army in [[Iraq]], 18 April 1942.]]		[[File:The British Army in the Middle East 1942 E10780.jpg\|thumb\|The Commander in Chief, [[General Auchinleck]], inspecting Bren gun carrier crews of the Indian Tenth Army in [[Iraq]], 18 April 1942.]]
	[[File:]], 22 July 1944.]]		[[File:The British Army in Italy 1944 NA17069.jpg\|thumb\|The 10th Indian Division in [[Italy]], 22 July 1944.]]
	In August, command passed to Major General [[Alan Bruce Blaxland]] while the division was sent to [[Cyprus]] with the responsibility of protecting the island. In July 1943, Major General [[Wilfrid Lewis Lloyd]] took command. In August, the 10th had relocated to the Middle East, now incorporating the 1st Greek Brigade, composed of royalist Greek and [[Yugoslavia]]n troops along with the 20th and 25th Indian Brigades. During the summer it underwent training for a planned invasion of [[Rhodes]], but the Allied defeat in the [[Dodecanese campaign]] put an end to those plans. In November it was placed on security duty in [[Lebanon]]. On 27 November, it began training for amphibious assault and mountain warfare in preparation for its role in the [[Italian Campaign (World War II)\|Italian Campaign]].{{sfn\|Kavanagh\|2014\|pp=48–51}} In January 1944, Lloyd was killed in a car accident while overseeing a training exercise in Egypt; command passed to Major General [[Denys Whitehorn Reid]].{{sfn\|Kavanagh\|2014\|p=57}}		In August, command passed to Major General [[Alan Bruce Blaxland]] while the division was sent to [[Cyprus]] with the responsibility of protecting the island. In July 1943, Major General [[Wilfrid Lewis Lloyd]] took command. In August, the 10th had relocated to the Middle East, now incorporating the 1st Greek Brigade, composed of royalist Greek and [[Yugoslavia]]n troops along with the 20th and 25th Indian Brigades. During the summer it underwent training for a planned invasion of [[Rhodes]], but the Allied defeat in the [[Dodecanese campaign]] put an end to those plans. In November it was placed on security duty in [[Lebanon]]. On 27 November, it began training for amphibious assault and mountain warfare in preparation for its role in the [[Italian Campaign (World War II)\|Italian Campaign]].{{sfn\|Kavanagh\|2014\|pp=48–51}} In January 1944, Lloyd was killed in a car accident while overseeing a training exercise in Egypt; command passed to Major General [[Denys Whitehorn Reid]].{{sfn\|Kavanagh\|2014\|p=57}}

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	==Order of battle==		==Order of battle==
	[[File:]] advances cautiously through the snow, near Castel Bolognese, Italy, 23–24 January 1945.]]		[[File:The British Army in Italy 1945 NA21748.jpg\|thumb\|A patrol from No. 8 Platoon, 'C' Company of the 2nd Battalion, [[3 Gorkha Rifles\|3rd Gurkha Rifles]] advances cautiously through the snow, near Castel Bolognese, Italy, 23–24 January 1945.]]

	===1941===		===1941===
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	==Post re-raising==		==Post re-raising==
	[[File:]]		[[File:Flag of Indian Army, 10th Infantry Division.png\|thumb\|right\|Flag of 10 Infantry Division, Indian Army]]
	Soon after re-raising, with war clouds looming, the division under Major General Dharam Bir Chopra was moved to [[Chhamb]]-[[Jourian]] sector under [[XV Corps (India)\|XV Corps]]. Before it could settle down in its new location, the division was asked to move to the [[Akhnoor]] sector. The division at this time was re-designated as '''10 Infantry Division'''.<ref name="GJ"/> It was asked to take over operational command over 80 and 191 Infantry Brigades by 15 September 1965.<ref name="Harbaksh"/>		Soon after re-raising, with war clouds looming, the division under Major General Dharam Bir Chopra was moved to [[Chhamb]]-[[Jourian]] sector under [[XV Corps (India)\|XV Corps]]. Before it could settle down in its new location, the division was asked to move to the [[Akhnoor]] sector. The division at this time was re-designated as '''10 Infantry Division'''.<ref name="GJ"/> It was asked to take over operational command over 80 and 191 Infantry Brigades by 15 September 1965.<ref name="Harbaksh"/>

Delinker: Removing missing images

2023-07-02T06:39:18Z

Removing missing images

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:09, 2 July 2023
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	\|country={{flagicon\|British Raj}} [[British Raj\|British India]]<br>{{flag\|India}}		\|country={{flagicon\|British Raj}} [[British Raj\|British India]]<br>{{flag\|India}}
	\|allegiance={{flag\|British Empire}}<br>{{flag\|India}}		\|allegiance={{flag\|British Empire}}<br>{{flag\|India}}
	\|branch=[[File:~~British Raj Red Ensign.svg\|25px~~]] [[British Indian Army]]<br>[[File:~~Flag of Indian Army.svg\|24px~~]] [[Indian Army]]		\|branch=[[File:]] [[British Indian Army]]<br>[[File:]] [[Indian Army]]
	\|type=[[Infantry]]		\|type=[[Infantry]]
	\|role=		\|role=
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	==World War II==		==World War II==
	The Division was formed in January 1941 at [[Ahmednagar]], out of the [[20th Indian Infantry Brigade\|20th]], [[21st Indian Infantry Brigade\|21st]] and [[25th Indian Infantry Brigade]]s. The first General Officer Commanding was [[Major-general (United Kingdom)\|Major-General]] [[William Archibald Kenneth Fraser\|W.A.K. Fraser]].<ref name="GJ"/> The division landed in [[Basra]] in April, 1941 for the [[Anglo-Iraqi War]]. On 16 May 1941, [[Major-general (United Kingdom)\|Major General]] [[William Slim, 1st Viscount Slim\|William "Bill" Slim]] took over command of the division and moved up the [[Euphrates]], capturing [[Baghdad]] and the oilfields of [[Mosul]]. When Iraq's ally [[Nazi Germany]] relocated its aircraft to Vichy French [[Syria]], the 10th [[Syria-Lebanon Campaign\|invaded]] Syria from Iraq in June. The 21st Brigade advanced towards [[Aleppo]], while the 20th and 25th Brigades guarded the communication lines and the Mosul oilfield, respectively. Following the French surrender on 11 July, the division returned to guard duty in Mosul. In August, the division took part in the joint [[Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran]]. At the conclusion of the Iranian operation, it returned to Iraq, where it underwent additional training and undertook security duties until May 1942.{{sfn\|Kavanagh\|2014\|pp=47–48}} In March 1942, command of the division passed from Slim to Major General [[Thomas Wynford Rees\|Thomas "Pete" Rees]] when Slim was ordered to India to take command of [[Burma Corps]], the kernel that would eventually become the [[Fourteenth Army (United Kingdom)\|British Fourteenth Army]].<ref>Slim William. ''Defeat into Victory'' p. 19</ref>		The Division was formed in January 1941 at [[Ahmednagar]], out of the [[20th Indian Infantry Brigade\|20th]], [[21st Indian Infantry Brigade\|21st]] and [[25th Indian Infantry Brigade]]s. The first General Officer Commanding was [[Major-general (United Kingdom)\|Major-General]] [[William Archibald Kenneth Fraser\|W.A.K. Fraser]].<ref name="GJ"/> The division landed in [[Basra]] in April, 1941 for the [[Anglo-Iraqi War]]. On 16 May 1941, [[Major-general (United Kingdom)\|Major General]] [[William Slim, 1st Viscount Slim\|William "Bill" Slim]] took over command of the division and moved up the [[Euphrates]], capturing [[Baghdad]] and the oilfields of [[Mosul]]. When Iraq's ally [[Nazi Germany]] relocated its aircraft to Vichy French [[Syria]], the 10th [[Syria-Lebanon Campaign\|invaded]] Syria from Iraq in June. The 21st Brigade advanced towards [[Aleppo]], while the 20th and 25th Brigades guarded the communication lines and the Mosul oilfield, respectively. Following the French surrender on 11 July, the division returned to guard duty in Mosul. In August, the division took part in the joint [[Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran]]. At the conclusion of the Iranian operation, it returned to Iraq, where it underwent additional training and undertook security duties until May 1942.{{sfn\|Kavanagh\|2014\|pp=47–48}} In March 1942, command of the division passed from Slim to Major General [[Thomas Wynford Rees\|Thomas "Pete" Rees]] when Slim was ordered to India to take command of [[Burma Corps]], the kernel that would eventually become the [[Fourteenth Army (United Kingdom)\|British Fourteenth Army]].<ref>Slim William. ''Defeat into Victory'' p. 19</ref>
	[[File:~~Clement Attlee meets representatives of the 10th Indian Division, 1945 (c).jpg\|thumb\|[[Clement Attlee~~]] meets representatives of the [[10th Indian Division]], 1945.]]		[[File:]] meets representatives of the [[10th Indian Division]], 1945.]]

	{{quotation\|We had scrambled thought skirmishes of the Iraq rebellion, been bloodied, but not too deeply, against the French in Syria, and enjoyed the unrestrainedly ''opéra bouffe'' of the invasion of Persia. We had bought our beer in Haifa and drunk it on the shores of the Caspian. We could move, we could fight, and we had begun to build up that most valuable of all assets a tradition of success. We had a good soldierly conceit of ourselves. Now in March 1942, in spite of dust storms ...it was stimulating to be in what we all felt was a critical spot, waiting for the threatened German invasion of Turkey.\|Slim – ''Defeat into Victory''<ref>Slim William. ''Defeat into Victory'' p. 3</ref>}}		{{quotation\|We had scrambled thought skirmishes of the Iraq rebellion, been bloodied, but not too deeply, against the French in Syria, and enjoyed the unrestrainedly ''opéra bouffe'' of the invasion of Persia. We had bought our beer in Haifa and drunk it on the shores of the Caspian. We could move, we could fight, and we had begun to build up that most valuable of all assets a tradition of success. We had a good soldierly conceit of ourselves. Now in March 1942, in spite of dust storms ...it was stimulating to be in what we all felt was a critical spot, waiting for the threatened German invasion of Turkey.\|Slim – ''Defeat into Victory''<ref>Slim William. ''Defeat into Victory'' p. 3</ref>}}

	The division then moved on to [[North Africa]], reaching [[Halfaya Pass]] on 4 June to take part in the [[Western Desert Campaign]].{{sfn\|Kavanagh\|2014\|p=48}} Initially the 10th Indian Infantry Division was committed piecemeal with units involved at [[El Adem]] and Sidi Rezegh during the 1942 [[Battle of Gazala]]. In June the division, with the [[2nd Free French Brigade]] under command, was ordered by [[Lieutenant-general (United Kingdom)\|Lieutenant General]] [[William Gott]], the [[XIII Corps (United Kingdom)\|XIII Corps]] commander, to hold a position near the Egyptian border with Libya for 72 hours during the [[Eighth Army (United Kingdom)\|British Eighth Army]]'s retreat to El Alamein. Major General Rees responded that the division had only just concentrated and that defensive works were as yet inadequate. He believed, therefore, that the division was unlikely to be able to withstand a full-scale attack from [[Erwin Rommel]]. Gott immediately visited Rees and relieved him of command of the division, telling him he lacked resolution.<ref name="Mead373">Mead (2007), p. 373</ref> During its retreat from Libya, the division was tasked with defending the coastal town of [[Mersa Matruh]]. In the ensuing battle it was overwhelmed and forced to retreat. 60% of the men evaded capture, reaching the Allied lines at [[El Alamein]] the following day. Most of the survivors were sent to the [[Nile Delta]] to recover. However, part of the division formed the improvised Robcol formation (comprising a regiment each of field artillery and light anti-aircraft artillery and a company of infantry), which held the [[Ruweisat Ridge]] between 2–3 July during the [[First Battle of El Alamein]].{{sfn\|Kavanagh\|2014\|p=48}}		The division then moved on to [[North Africa]], reaching [[Halfaya Pass]] on 4 June to take part in the [[Western Desert Campaign]].{{sfn\|Kavanagh\|2014\|p=48}} Initially the 10th Indian Infantry Division was committed piecemeal with units involved at [[El Adem]] and Sidi Rezegh during the 1942 [[Battle of Gazala]]. In June the division, with the [[2nd Free French Brigade]] under command, was ordered by [[Lieutenant-general (United Kingdom)\|Lieutenant General]] [[William Gott]], the [[XIII Corps (United Kingdom)\|XIII Corps]] commander, to hold a position near the Egyptian border with Libya for 72 hours during the [[Eighth Army (United Kingdom)\|British Eighth Army]]'s retreat to El Alamein. Major General Rees responded that the division had only just concentrated and that defensive works were as yet inadequate. He believed, therefore, that the division was unlikely to be able to withstand a full-scale attack from [[Erwin Rommel]]. Gott immediately visited Rees and relieved him of command of the division, telling him he lacked resolution.<ref name="Mead373">Mead (2007), p. 373</ref> During its retreat from Libya, the division was tasked with defending the coastal town of [[Mersa Matruh]]. In the ensuing battle it was overwhelmed and forced to retreat. 60% of the men evaded capture, reaching the Allied lines at [[El Alamein]] the following day. Most of the survivors were sent to the [[Nile Delta]] to recover. However, part of the division formed the improvised Robcol formation (comprising a regiment each of field artillery and light anti-aircraft artillery and a company of infantry), which held the [[Ruweisat Ridge]] between 2–3 July during the [[First Battle of El Alamein]].{{sfn\|Kavanagh\|2014\|p=48}}
	[[File:~~The British Army in the Middle East 1942 E10780.jpg\|thumb\|The Commander in Chief, [[General Auchinleck~~]], inspecting Bren gun carrier crews of the Indian Tenth Army in [[Iraq]], 18 April 1942.]]		[[File:]], inspecting Bren gun carrier crews of the Indian Tenth Army in [[Iraq]], 18 April 1942.]]
	[[File:~~The British Army in Italy 1944 NA17069.jpg\|thumb\|The 10th Indian Division in [[Italy~~]], 22 July 1944.]]		[[File:]], 22 July 1944.]]
	In August, command passed to Major General [[Alan Bruce Blaxland]] while the division was sent to [[Cyprus]] with the responsibility of protecting the island. In July 1943, Major General [[Wilfrid Lewis Lloyd]] took command. In August, the 10th had relocated to the Middle East, now incorporating the 1st Greek Brigade, composed of royalist Greek and [[Yugoslavia]]n troops along with the 20th and 25th Indian Brigades. During the summer it underwent training for a planned invasion of [[Rhodes]], but the Allied defeat in the [[Dodecanese campaign]] put an end to those plans. In November it was placed on security duty in [[Lebanon]]. On 27 November, it began training for amphibious assault and mountain warfare in preparation for its role in the [[Italian Campaign (World War II)\|Italian Campaign]].{{sfn\|Kavanagh\|2014\|pp=48–51}} In January 1944, Lloyd was killed in a car accident while overseeing a training exercise in Egypt; command passed to Major General [[Denys Whitehorn Reid]].{{sfn\|Kavanagh\|2014\|p=57}}		In August, command passed to Major General [[Alan Bruce Blaxland]] while the division was sent to [[Cyprus]] with the responsibility of protecting the island. In July 1943, Major General [[Wilfrid Lewis Lloyd]] took command. In August, the 10th had relocated to the Middle East, now incorporating the 1st Greek Brigade, composed of royalist Greek and [[Yugoslavia]]n troops along with the 20th and 25th Indian Brigades. During the summer it underwent training for a planned invasion of [[Rhodes]], but the Allied defeat in the [[Dodecanese campaign]] put an end to those plans. In November it was placed on security duty in [[Lebanon]]. On 27 November, it began training for amphibious assault and mountain warfare in preparation for its role in the [[Italian Campaign (World War II)\|Italian Campaign]].{{sfn\|Kavanagh\|2014\|pp=48–51}} In January 1944, Lloyd was killed in a car accident while overseeing a training exercise in Egypt; command passed to Major General [[Denys Whitehorn Reid]].{{sfn\|Kavanagh\|2014\|p=57}}

Line 76:		Line 76:

	==Order of battle==		==Order of battle==
	[[File:~~The British Army in Italy 1945 NA21748.jpg\|thumb\|A patrol from No. 8 Platoon, 'C' Company of the 2nd Battalion, [[3 Gorkha Rifles\|3rd Gurkha Rifles~~]] advances cautiously through the snow, near Castel Bolognese, Italy, 23–24 January 1945.]]		[[File:]] advances cautiously through the snow, near Castel Bolognese, Italy, 23–24 January 1945.]]

	===1941===		===1941===
Line 181:		Line 181:

	==Post re-raising==		==Post re-raising==
	[[File:~~Flag of Indian Army, 10th Infantry Division.png\|thumb\|right\|Flag of 10 Infantry Division, Indian Army~~]]		[[File:]]
	Soon after re-raising, with war clouds looming, the division under Major General Dharam Bir Chopra was moved to [[Chhamb]]-[[Jourian]] sector under [[XV Corps (India)\|XV Corps]]. Before it could settle down in its new location, the division was asked to move to the [[Akhnoor]] sector. The division at this time was re-designated as '''10 Infantry Division'''.<ref name="GJ"/> It was asked to take over operational command over 80 and 191 Infantry Brigades by 15 September 1965.<ref name="Harbaksh"/>		Soon after re-raising, with war clouds looming, the division under Major General Dharam Bir Chopra was moved to [[Chhamb]]-[[Jourian]] sector under [[XV Corps (India)\|XV Corps]]. Before it could settle down in its new location, the division was asked to move to the [[Akhnoor]] sector. The division at this time was re-designated as '''10 Infantry Division'''.<ref name="GJ"/> It was asked to take over operational command over 80 and 191 Infantry Brigades by 15 September 1965.<ref name="Harbaksh"/>