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{{Indic glyph |letname = Ṭha |previousletter = Ṭa |nextletter = Ḍa
|devacp = 0920 |devaimg = Devanagari tth.svg |bengcp = 09A0 |bengimg = Bengali Letter Ttha.svg
|gurucp = 0A20 |gujrcp = 0AA0 |oryacp = 0B20 |telucp = 0C20 |kndacp = 0CA0 |mlymcp = 0D20 |sinhcp = 0DA7 |laoocp = 0E90 |tibtcp = 0F4B |mymrcp = 100C |khmrcp = 178B |balicp = 1B1E |saurcp = A89D |javacp = A99C |phagcp = A86A |sylocp = A811

|kharcp = 10A1B |kthicp = 11098 |cakmcp = 11112 |mahjcp = 1115F |shrdcp = 1119C |khojcp = 11215 |sindcp = 112C7 |grancp = 11320 |tirhcp = 1149A |modicp = 11619 |takrcp = 11695

|brahcp = 1101E |ashokaimg = Brahmi tth.svg |kushanaimg = Gupta ashoka tth.svg |guptaimg = Gupta ashoka tth.svg
|tochimg = Tocharian letter ttha.gif |brahletname = Brahmi 'Ṭh'
|siddcp = 11599 |siddimg = Siddham tth.svg |siddletname = Siddhaṃ 'Ṭha'
|ipa = ʈʰ |ipa2=t̳ʰ |iast = Ṭh |iscii = BE


|multcp = 11291 |newacp = 1141B |dogrcp = 11815 |nandcp = 119B9 |zanbcp = 11A15 |soyocp = 11A67 |bhkscp = 11C19 |gonmcp = 11D17 |gongcp = 11D7E


}}
'''Ṭha''' (also romanized as '''Ttha''') is a consonant of Indic abugidas. In modern Indic scripts, Ṭha is derived from the early "[[Ashoka]]" Brahmi letter [[Image:Brahmi tth.svg|13px|ng]] after having gone through the [[Gupta script|Gupta]] letter [[File:Gupta allahabad tth.svg|13px]]. As with the other [[cerebral consonant]]s, ''ṭha'' is not found in most scripts for [[Tai languages|Tai]], [[Sino-Tibetan languages|Sino-Tibetan]], and other non-[[Indic languages]], except for a few scripts, which retain these letters for transcribing [[Sanskrit]] religious terms.

==Āryabhaṭa numeration==

{{further|Āryabhaṭa numeration}}

[[Aryabhata]] used Devanagari letters for numbers, very similar to the [[Greek numerals]], even after the invention of [[Indian numerals]]. The values of the different forms of ठ are:<ref name="Ifrah">{{cite book|last=Ifrah|first=Georges|title=The Universal History of Numbers. From Prehistory to the Invention of the Computer|year=2000|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|location=New York|isbn=0-471-39340-1|pages=447–450}}</ref>
*ठ {{IPA-hi|ʈʰə|}} = 12 (१२)
*ठि {{IPA-hi|ʈʰɪ|}} = 1,200 (१२००)
*ठु {{IPA-hi|ʈʰʊ|}} = 120,000 (१ २० ०००)
*ठृ {{IPA-hi|ʈʰri|}} = 12,000,000 (१ २० ०० ०००)
*ठॢ {{IPA-hi|ʈʰlə|}} = 1,200,000,000 (१ २० ०० ०० ०००)
*ठे {{IPA-hi|ʈʰe|}} = 12{{e|10}} (१२×१०१०)
*ठै {{IPA-hi|ʈʰɛː|}} = 12{{e|12}} (१२×१०१२)
*ठो {{IPA-hi|ʈʰoː|}} = 12{{e|14}} (१२×१०१४)
*ठौ {{IPA-hi|ʈʰɔː|}} = 12{{e|16}} (१२×१०१६)

==Historic Ttha==
There are three different general early historic scripts - [[Brahmi script|Brahmi]] and its variants, [[Kharosthi|Kharoṣṭhī]], and [[Tocharian alphabet|Tocharian]], the so-called ''slanting Brahmi''. Ttha as found in standard [[Brahmi]], [[Image:Brahmi tth.svg|13px|Ttha]] was a simple geometric shape, and did not vary much throughout the centuries. The Tocharian Ttha [[Image:Tocharian letter ttha.gif|18px|Ttha]] did not have an alterante [[Tocharian alphabet#Script|Fremdzeichen]] form. The third form of ttha, in Kharoshthi ([[file:Буква TTHА (незалежний знак). Письмо кхароштхі. Kharoshthi letter TTHA.svg|15px|Ttha]]) was probably derived from Aramaic separately from the Brahmi letter.

===Brahmi Ttha===

The Brahmi letter [[Image:Brahmi tth.svg|13px|Ttha]], Ttha, is [[Brahmi script#origin|probably derived]] from the altered Aramaic [[Teth]] [[File:Teth.svg|13px]], and is thus related to the modern Greek [[Theta]].<ref name="Buhler">{{cite web |last1=Bühler |first1=Georg |title=On the Origin of the Indian Brahmi Alphabet |url=https://archive.org/details/onoriginofindian00bhuoft/page/n3/mode/2up |website=archive.org |publisher=Karl J. Trübner |accessdate=10 June 2020}}</ref> Several identifiable styles of writing the Brahmi Ttha can be found, most associated with a specific set of inscriptions from an artifact or diverse records from an historic period.<ref>[[:File:Brahmi script consonants according to James Prinsep March 1838.jpg|Evolutionary chart]], Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal Vol 7, 1838 [https://archive.org/stream/journalofasiatic775asia#page/n101]</ref> As the earliest and most geometric style of Brahmi, the letters found on the [[Edicts of Ashoka]] and other records from around that time are normally the reference form for Brahmi letters, with vowel marks not attested until later forms of Brahmi back-formed to match the geometric writing style.

{|class="wikitable"
|+Brahmi Ttha historic forms
|-
!Ashoka ([[Brahmi script#Early Brahmi or "Ashokan Brahmi" (3rd-1st century BCE)|3rd-1st c. BCE]]) !! Girnar (~150 BCE) !! Kushana ([[Brahmi script#Middle Brahmi or "Kushana Brahmi" (1st–3rd centuries CE)|~150-250 CE]]) !! Gujarat (~250 CE) !! Gupta ([[Gupta script|~350 CE]])
|-
| [[File:Brahmi tth.svg|37px]] || [[Image:Gupta girnar tth.svg|37px]] || [[Image:Gupta ashoka tth.svg|37px]] || [[Image:Gupta gujarat tth.svg|37px]] || [[Image:Gupta allahabad tth.svg|37px]]
|}

===Tocharian Ttha===

The Tocharian letter [[Image:Tocharian letter ttha.gif|25px|Ttha]] is derived from the Brahmi [[Image:Brahmi tth.svg|13px|Ttha]], but does not have an alternate Fremdzeichen form.

{|class="wikitable"
|+Tocharian Ttha with vowel marks
|-
! Ttha !! Tthā !! Tthi !! Tthī !! Tthu !! Tthū !! Tthr !! Tthr̄ !! Tthe !! Tthai !! Ttho !! Tthau !! Tthä
|-
| [[File:Tocharian letter ttha.gif|37px]] ||  || [[File:Tocharian letter tthi.gif|37px]] ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  || [[File:Tocharian letter tthä.gif|37px]]
|}

===Kharoṣṭhī Ttha===

The Kharoṣṭhī letter [[file:Буква TTHА (незалежний знак). Письмо кхароштхі. Kharoshthi letter TTHA.svg|15px|Ttha]] is generally accepted as being derived from the altered Aramaic [[Taw]] [[File:Taw.svg|13px]], and is thus related to [[T]] and [[Tau]].<ref name="Buhler"/>

==Devanagari Ṭha==

{{main|Devanagari ttha}}
{{Devanagari abugida sidebar}}
'''Ṭha''' ('''ठ''') is a consonant of the [[Devanagari]] [[abugida]]. It ultimately arose from the [[Brahmi]] letter [[Image:Brahmi tth.svg|13px|ka]], after having gone through the [[Gupta script|Gupta]] letter [[File:Gupta allahabad tth.svg|13px]]. Letters that derive from it are the [[Gujarati script|Gujarati]] letter '''ઠ''', and the [[Modi alphabet|Modi]] letter 𑘙.

===Devanagari-using Languages===
In all languages, ठ is pronounced as {{IPA-hi|ʈʰə|}} or {{IPAblink|ʈʰ}} when appropriate. Like all Indic scripts, Devanagari uses vowel marks attached to the base consonant to override the inherent /ə/ vowel:

{|class="wikitable"
|+ Devanagari ठ with vowel marks
|-
! Ṭha !! Ṭhā !! Ṭhi !! Ṭhī !! Ṭhu !! Ṭhū !! Ṭhr !! Ṭhr̄ !! Ṭhl !! Ṭhl̄ !! Ṭhe !! Ṭhai !! Ṭho !! Ṭhau !! Ṭh
|-style="font-size: 150%;"
|ठ
|ठा
|ठि
|ठी
|ठु
|ठू
|ठृ
|ठॄ
|ठॢ
|ठॣ
|ठे
|ठै
|ठो
|ठौ
|ठ्
|}



===Conjuncts with ठ===
Devanagari exhibits conjunct ligatures, as is common in Indic scripts. In modern Devanagari texts, most conjuncts are formed by reducing the letter shape to fit tightly to the following letter, usually by dropping a character's vertical stem, sometimes referred to as a "half form". Some conjunct clusters are always represented by a true ligature, instead of a shape that can be broken into constituent independent letters. Vertically stacked conjuncts are ubiquitous in older texts, while only a few are still used routinely in modern Devanagari texts. Lacking a vertical stem to drop for making a half form, Ṭha either forms a stacked conjunct/ligature, or uses its full form with [[Virama]]. The use of ligatures and vertical conjuncts may vary across languages using the Devanagari script, with [[Marathi language|Marathi]] in particular avoiding their use where other languages would use them.<ref name="KNAB">{{cite web |last1=Pall |first1=Peeter |title=Microsoft Word - kblhi2 |url=https://www.eki.ee/knab/lat/kblhi2.pdf |website=Eesti Keele Instituudi kohanimeandmed |publisher=Eesti Keele Instituudi kohanimeandmed |accessdate=19 June 2020}}</ref>

====Ligature conjuncts of ठ====
True ligatures are quite rare in Indic scripts. The most common ligated conjuncts in Devanagari are in the form of a slight mutation to fit in context or as a consistent variant form appended to the adjacent characters. Those variants include [[Na (Indic)#Devanagari Na|Na]] and the [[Ra (Indic)#Devanagari Repha|Repha]] and [[Ra (Indic)#Devanagari Rakar|Rakar]] forms of Ra. [[Nepali language|Nepali]] and [[Marathi language|Marathi]] texts use the "eyelash" Ra half form [[Image:Devanagari Eyelash Ra.svg|15px|Ra]] for an initial "R" instead of repha.

* Repha र্ (r) + ठ (ṭʰa) gives the ligature rṭʰa: {{ref|note|note}}
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct RTtha.svg|100px]]
* Eyelash र্ (r) + ठ (ṭʰa) gives the ligature rṭʰa:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct Eyelash RTtha.svg|125px]]
* ठ্ (ṭʰ) + rakar र (ra) gives the ligature ṭʰra:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct TthRa.svg|100px]]
* प্ (p) + ठ (ṭʰa) gives the ligature pṭʰa:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct PTtha.svg|100px]]
* ष্ (ṣ) + ठ (ṭʰa) gives the ligature ṣṭʰa:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct SsTtha.svg|100px]]
* ष্ (ṣ) + ठ্ (ṭʰ) + य (ya) gives the ligature ṣṭʰya:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct SsTthYa.svg|100px]]
* ठ্ (ṭʰ) + य (ya) gives the ligature ṭʰya:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct TthYa.svg|100px]]

====Stacked conjuncts of ठ====
Vertically stacked ligatures are the most common conjunct forms found in Devanagari text. Although the constituent characters may need to be stretched and moved slightly in order to stack neatly, stacked conjuncts can be broken down into recognizable base letters, or a letter and an otherwise standard ligature.

* छ্ (cʰ) + ठ (ṭʰa) gives the ligature cʰṭʰa:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct ChTtha.svg|100px]]
* ढ্ (ḍʱ) + ठ (ṭʰa) gives the ligature ḍʱṭʰa:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct DdhTtha.svg|100px]]
* ड্ (ḍ) + ठ (ṭʰa) gives the ligature ḍṭʰa:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct DdTtha.svg|100px]]
* द্ (d) + ठ (ṭʰa) gives the ligature dṭʰa:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct DTtha.svg|100px]]
* ङ্ (ŋ) + ठ (ṭʰa) gives the ligature ŋṭʰa:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct NgTtha.svg|100px]]
* ठ্ (ṭʰ) + ब (ba) gives the ligature ṭʰba:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct TthBa.svg|100px]]
* ठ্ (ṭʰ) + भ (bʰa) gives the ligature ṭʰbʰa:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct TthBha.svg|100px]]
* ठ্ (ṭʰ) + च (ca) gives the ligature ṭʰca:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct TthCa.svg|100px]]
* ठ্ (ṭʰ) + छ (cʰa) gives the ligature ṭʰcʰa:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct TthCha.svg|100px]]
* ठ্ (ṭʰ) + द (da) gives the ligature ṭʰda:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct TthDa.svg|100px]]
* ठ্ (ṭʰ) + ड (ḍa) gives the ligature ṭʰḍa:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct TthDda.svg|100px]]
* ठ্ (ṭʰ) + ढ (ḍʱa) gives the ligature ṭʰḍʱa:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct TthDdha.svg|100px]]
* ठ্ (ṭʰ) + ध (dʱa) gives the ligature ṭʰdʱa:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct TthDha.svg|100px]]
* ठ্ (ṭʰ) + ग (ga) gives the ligature ṭʰga:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct TthGa.svg|100px]]
* ठ্ (ṭʰ) + घ (ɡʱa) gives the ligature ṭʰɡʱa:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct TthGha.svg|100px]]
* ठ্ (ṭʰ) + ह (ha) gives the ligature ṭʰha:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct TthHa.svg|100px]]
* ठ্ (ṭʰ) + ज (ja) gives the ligature ṭʰja:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct TthJa.svg|100px]]
* ठ্ (ṭʰ) + झ (jʰa) gives the ligature ṭʰjʰa:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct TthJha.svg|100px]]
* ठ্ (ṭʰ) + ज্ (j) + ञ (ña) gives the ligature ṭʰjña:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct TthJNya.svg|100px]]
* ठ্ (ṭʰ) + क (ka) gives the ligature ṭʰka:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct TthKa.svg|100px]]
* ठ্ (ṭʰ) + ख (kʰa) gives the ligature ṭʰkʰa:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct TthKha.svg|100px]]
* ठ্ (ṭʰ) + क্ (k) + ष (ṣa) gives the ligature ṭʰkṣa:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct TthKSsa.svg|100px]]
* ठ্ (ṭʰ) + ल (la) gives the ligature ṭʰla:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct TthLa.svg|100px]]
* ठ্ (ṭʰ) + ळ (ḷa) gives the ligature ṭʰḷa:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct TthLla.svg|100px]]
* ठ্ (ṭʰ) + म (ma) gives the ligature ṭʰma:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct TthMa.svg|100px]]
* ठ্ (ṭʰ) + न (na) gives the ligature ṭʰna:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct TthNa.svg|100px]]
* ठ্ (ṭʰ) + ङ (ŋa) gives the ligature ṭʰŋa:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct TthNga.svg|100px]]
* ठ্ (ṭʰ) + ण (ṇa) gives the ligature ṭʰṇa:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct TthNna.svg|100px]]
* ठ্ (ṭʰ) + ञ (ña) gives the ligature ṭʰña:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct TthNya.svg|100px]]
* ठ্ (ṭʰ) + प (pa) gives the ligature ṭʰpa:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct TthPa.svg|100px]]
* ठ্ (ṭʰ) + फ (pʰa) gives the ligature ṭʰpʰa:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct TthPha.svg|100px]]
* ठ্ (ṭʰ) + स (sa) gives the ligature ṭʰsa:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct TthSa.svg|100px]]
* ठ্ (ṭʰ) + श (ʃa) gives the ligature ṭʰʃa:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct TthSha.svg|100px]]
* ठ্ (ṭʰ) + ष (ṣa) gives the ligature ṭʰṣa:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct TthSsa.svg|100px]]
* ठ্ (ṭʰ) + त (ta) gives the ligature ṭʰta:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct TthTa.svg|100px]]
* ठ্ (ṭʰ) + थ (tʰa) gives the ligature ṭʰtʰa:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct TthTha.svg|100px]]
* ठ্ (ṭʰ) + ट (ṭa) gives the ligature ṭʰṭa:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct TthTta.svg|100px]]
* ठ্ (ṭʰ) + ठ (ṭʰa) gives the ligature ṭʰṭʰa:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct TthTtha.svg|100px]]
* ठ্ (ṭʰ) + व (va) gives the ligature ṭʰva:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct TthVa.svg|100px]]
* ट্ (ṭ) + ठ (ṭʰa) gives the ligature ṭṭʰa:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct TtTtha.svg|100px]]

==Bengali Ttha==

The Bengali script ঠ is derived from the [[Siddhaṃ]] [[Image:Siddham tth.svg|13px]], and is marked by a similar horizontal head line, but less geometric shape, than its Devanagari counterpart, ठ. The inherent vowel of Bengali consonant letters is /ɔ/, so the bare letter ঠ will sometimes be transliterated as "ttho" instead of "ttha". Adding okar, the "o" vowel mark, gives a reading of /t̳ʰo/.

Like all Indic consonants, ঠ can be modified by marks to indicate another (or no) vowel than its inherent "a".

{|class="wikitable"
|+ Bengali ঠ with vowel marks
|-
! ttha !! tthā !! tthi !! tthī !! tthu !! tthū !! tthr !! tthr̄ !! tthe !! tthai !! ttho !! tthau !! tth
|-style="font-size: 150%;"
|ঠ
|ঠা
|ঠি
|ঠী
|ঠু
|ঠূ
|ঠৃ
|ঠৄ
|ঠে
|ঠৈ
|ঠো
|ঠৌ
|ঠ্
|}

===ঠ in Bengali-using languages===

ঠ is used as a basic consonant character in all of the major Bengali script orthographies, including [[Bengali alphabet|Bengali]] and [[Assamese alphabet|Assamese]]. 

===Conjuncts with ঠ===

Bengali ঠ exhibits conjunct ligatures, as is common in Indic scripts. Conjunct ligatures with ঠ are all based on the ঠ glyph, with little to no alteration aside from the addition of marks suggesting the conjoining letter.<ref>{{cite web|title=The Bengali Alphabet|url=http://tesseractindic.googlecode.com/files/wb069conjuncts.pdf|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130928021705/http://tesseractindic.googlecode.com/files/wb069conjuncts.pdf|archivedate=2013-09-28}}</ref>

* ণ্ (ṇ) + ঠ (ṭʰa) gives the ligature ṇṭʰa:
[[File:Bengali Conjunct NNttha.svg |100px]]
* ণ্ (ṇ) + ঠ্ (ṭʰ) + য (ya) gives the ligature ṇṭʰya, with the [[ya phala]] suffix:
[[File:Bengali Conjunct NNtthya.svg |100px]]
* ন্ (n) + ঠ (ṭʰa) gives the ligature nṭʰa:
[[File:Bengali Conjunct Nttha.svg |100px]]
* ষ্ (ṣ) + ঠ (ṭʰa) gives the ligature ṣṭʰa:
[[File:Bengali Conjunct SSttha.svg |100px]]
* ষ্ (ṣ) + ঠ্ (ṭʰ) + য (ya) gives the ligature ṣṭʰya, with the ya phala suffix:
[[File:Bengali Conjunct SStthya.svg |100px]]

==Gujarati Ṭha==

[[File:Gujarati letter Ttha.svg|thumb|right|100px|Gujarati Ṭha.]]
'''Ṭha''' ('''ઠ''') is the twelfth consonant of the [[Gujarati script|Gujarati]] [[abugida]]. It is derived from the Devanagari Ṭha [[Image:Devanagari tth.svg|13px|Ttha]] with the top bar (shiro rekha) removed, and ultimately the [[Brahmi]] letter [[Image:Brahmi tth.svg|13px|Ttha]].

===Gujarati-using Languages===
The Gujarati script is used to write the [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]] and [[Kutchi language|Kutchi]] languages. In both languages, ઠ is pronounced as {{IPA-gu|ʈʰə|}} or {{IPAblink|ʈʰ}} when appropriate. Like all Indic scripts, Gujarati uses vowel marks attached to the base consonant to override the inherent /ə/ vowel:

{| class=wikitable style="width: 40em;"
|-
! style="width:6%;"| Ṭha !! style="width:7%;"| Ṭhā !! style="width:6.5%;"| Ṭhi !! style="width:7%;"| Ṭhī !! style="width:4.5%;"| Ṭhu !! style="width:5%;"| Ṭhū !! style="width:4.5%;"| Ṭhr !! style="width:5%;"| Ṭhl !! style="width:5%;"| Ṭhr̄ !! style="width:5%;"| Ṭhl̄ !! style="width:4.5%;"| Ṭhĕ !! style="width:4.5%;"| Ṭhe !! style="width:5%;"| Ṭhai !! style="width:7%;"| Ṭhŏ !! style="width:7%;"| Ṭho !! style="width:6%;"| Ṭhau !! style="width:7%;"| Ṭh
|- align="center"
| colspan=17 |[[File:Gujarati Ttha Matras.svg|750px]]
|-
| colspan=17 |Gujarati Ṭha syllables, with vowel marks in red.
|}

===Conjuncts with ઠ===
Gujarati ઠ exhibits conjunct ligatures, much like its parent Devanagari Script. While most Gujarati conjuncts can only be formed by reducing the letter shape to create a "half form" that fits tightly to following letter, Ṭha does not have a half form. A few conjunct clusters can be represented by a true ligature, instead of a shape that can be broken into constituent independent letters, and vertically stacked conjuncts can also be found in Gujarati, although much less commonly than in Devanagari. Lacking a half form, Ṭha will normally use an explicit virama when forming conjuncts without a true ligature.

True ligatures are quite rare in Indic scripts. The most common ligated conjuncts in Gujarati are in the form of a slight mutation to fit in context or as a consistent variant form appended to the adjacent characters. Those variants include [[Na (Indic)#Gujarati Na|Na]] and the [[Ra (Indic)#Gujarati Repha|Repha]] and [[Ra (Indic)#Gujarati Rakar|Rakar]] forms of Ra.

* ર્ (r) + ઠ (ʈʰa) gives the ligature RṬha:
[[File:Gujarati conjunct RTtha.svg|100px]]

* ઠ્ (ʈʰ) + ર (ra) gives the ligature ṬhRa:
[[File:Gujarati conjunct TthRa.svg|100px]]

* ઠ્ (ʈʰ) + ઠ (ʈʰa) gives the ligature ṬhṬha:
[[File:Gujarati conjunct TthTtha.svg|100px]]

* ટ્ (ʈ) + ઠ (ʈʰa) gives the ligature ṬṬha:
[[File:Gujarati conjunct TtTtha.svg|100px]]

* ષ્ (ʂ) + ઠ (ʈʰa) gives the ligature ṢṬha:
[[File:Gujarati conjunct SsTtha.svg|100px]]

==Javanese Ttha==
{{main|Ttha (Javanese)}}

==Telugu Ṭha==
{{multiple image
| width = 100px
| image1 = Telugu letter Ttha.svg
| alt1 = Telugu Ṭha
| image2 = Telugu subjoined Ttha.svg
| alt2 = Telugu subjoined Ṭha
| footer = Telugu independent and subjoined Ṭha.
}}
'''Ṭha''' ('''ఠ''') is a consonant of the [[Telugu script|Telugu]] [[abugida]]. It ultimately arose from the [[Brahmi]] letter [[Image:Brahmi tth.svg|13px|Ṭh]]. It is closely related to the [[Kannada script|Kannada]] letter '''ಠ'''. Most Telugu consonants contain a v-shaped headstroke that is related to the horizontal headline found in other Indic scripts, although headstrokes do not connect adjacent letters in Telugu. The headstroke is normally lost when adding vowel matras.

Telugu conjuncts are created by reducing trailing letters to a subjoined form that appears below the initial consonant of the conjunct. Many subjoined forms are created by dropping their headline, with many extending the end of the stroke of the main letter body to form an extended tail reaching up to the right of the preceding consonant. This subjoining of trailing letters to create conjuncts is in contrast to the leading half forms of Devanagari and Bengali letters. Ligature conjuncts are not a feature in Telugu, with the only non-standard construction being an alternate subjoined form of [[Ṣa (Indic)#Telugu Ṣa|Ṣa]] (borrowed from [[Kannada script|Kannada]]) in the KṢa conjunct.

==Malayalam Ṭha==
[[File:Malayalam letter Ttha.svg|thumb|100px|Malayalam letter Ṭha]]

'''Ṭha''' ('''ഠ''') is a consonant of the [[Malayalam script|Malayalam]] [[abugida]]. It ultimately arose from the [[Brahmi]] letter [[Image:Brahmi tth.svg|13px|Ṭh]], via the [[Grantha script|Grantha]] letter [[Image:Grantha letter Ttha.svg|x15px|Ṭha]] ''Ttha''. Like in other Indic scripts, Malayalam consonants have the inherent vowel "a", and take one of several modifying vowel signs to represent syllables with another vowel or no vowel at all.

[[File:Malayalam Ttha matras.svg|thumb|center|550px|Malayalam Ttha matras: Ttha, Tthā, Tthi, Tthī, Tthu, Tthū, Tthr̥, Tthr̥̄, Tthl̥, Tthl̥̄, Tthe, Tthē, Tthai, Ttho, Tthō, Tthau, and Tth.]]

===Conjuncts of ഠ===
As is common in Indic scripts, Malayalam joins letters together to form conjunct consonant clusters. There are several ways in which conjuncts are formed in Malayalam texts: using a post-base form of a trailing consonant placed under the initial consonant of a conjunct, a combined ligature of two or more consonants joined together, a conjoining form that appears as a combining mark on the rest of the conjunct, the use of an explicit [[candrakkala]] mark to suppress the inherent "a" vowel, or a special consonant form called a "chillu" letter, representing a bare consonant without the inherent "a" vowel. Texts written with the modern reformed Malayalam orthography, ''put̪iya lipi'', may favor more regular conjunct forms than older texts in ''paḻaya lipi'', due to [[Malayalam#Orthography reform|changes]] undertaken in the 1970s by the [[Government of Kerala]].

* ണ് (ṇ) + ഠ (ṭʰa) gives the ligature ṇṭʰa:
[[File:Malayalam conjunct NnTtha.svg]]
* ഷ് (ṣ) + ഠ (ṭʰa) gives the ligature ṣṭʰa:
[[File:Malayalam conjunct SsTtha.svg]]

==Odia Ṭha==
{{multiple image
| width = 100px
| image1 = Odia letter Ttha.svg
| alt1 = Odia independent letter Ṭha
| image2 = Odia subjoined Ttha.svg
| alt2 = Odia subjoined letter Ṭha
| footer = Odia independent and subjoined letter Ṭha.
}}

'''Ṭha''' ('''ଠ''') is a consonant of the [[Odia script|Odia]] [[abugida]]. It ultimately arose from the [[Brahmi]] letter [[Image:Brahmi tth.svg|13px|Ṭh]], via the [[Siddhaṃ script|Siddhaṃ]] letter [[Image:Siddham tth.svg|x15px|Ṭha]] ''Ttha''. Like in other Indic scripts, Odia consonants have the inherent vowel "a", and take one of several modifying vowel signs to represent syllables with another vowel or no vowel at all.

{| class=wikitable
|+ Odia Ttha with vowel matras
|-
! Ttha !! Tthā !! Tthi !! Tthī !! Tthu !! Tthū !! Tthr̥ !! Tthr̥̄ !! Tthl̥ !! Tthl̥̄ !! Tthe !! Tthai !! Ttho !! Tthau !! Tth
|-
| {{big|ଠ}} || {{big|ଠା}} || {{big|ଠି}} || {{big|ଠୀ}} || {{big|ଠୁ}} || {{big|ଠୂ}} || {{big|ଠୃ}} || {{big|ଠୄ}} || {{big|ଠୢ}} || {{big|ଠୣ}} || {{big|ଠେ}} || {{big|ଠୈ}} || {{big|ଠୋ}} || {{big|ଠୌ}} || {{big|ଠ୍}}
|}

As is common in Indic scripts, Odia joins letters together to form conjunct consonant clusters. The most common conjunct formation is achieved by using a small subjoined form of trailing consonants. Most consonants' subjoined forms are identical to the full form, just reduced in size, although a few drop the curved headline or have a subjoined form not directly related to the full form of the consonant. The second type of conjunct formation is through pure ligatures, where the constituent consonants are written together in a single graphic form. ଠ generates conjuncts only by subjoining and does not form ligatures.



==References==
{{reflist}}
::{{note|note|note}} Conjuncts are identified by [[IAST]] transliteration, except aspirated consonants are indicated with a superscript "h" to distinguish from an unaspirated cononant + [[Ha (Indic)|Ha]], and the use of the IPA "ŋ" and "ʃ" instead of the less dinstinctive "ṅ" and "ś".

{{Devanagari_abugida}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Txha (Indic)}}
[[Category:Indic letters]]

Ṭha (Indic) - Revision history

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