imported>Vanisaac: clean up per MOS:WE, replaced: gives us → gives (2), removed stub tag

2021-02-17T05:32:51Z

clean up per MOS:WE, replaced: gives us → gives (2), removed stub tag

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{{Indic glyph |letname = Ḷ |previousletter = Ṝ |nextletter = Ḹ


|devacp = 090C |deva2cp = 0962 |devaimg = Devanagari li.svg 
|bengcp = 098C |beng2cp = 09E2 |bengimg = Bengali Letter Li.svg

|gujrcp = 0A8C |oryacp = 0B0C
|gujr2cp = 0AE2 |orya2cp = 0B62

|telucp = 0C0C |kndacp = 0C8C |mlymcp = 0D0C
|telu2cp = 0C62 |knda2cp = 0CE2 |mlym2cp = 0D62

|sinhcp = 0D8F |tibtcp = 0F78 |mymrcp = 1054
|sinh2cp = 0DDF |mymr2cp = 1058

|balicp = 1B0D |sundcp = 1BBC |saurcp = A88A |javacp = A98A
|bali2cp = 1B3C |saur2cp = A8BC

|shrdcp = 1118B |grancp = 1130C
|shrd2cp = 111BA |gran2cp = 11362

|tirhcp = 11489 |siddcp = 11588 |modicp = 11608
|tirh2cp = 114B7 |modi2cp = 11637

|brahcp = 1100D |ashokaimg = Brahmi li.svg |brahletname = Brahmi Vocalic L
|brah2cp = 11040 |ashoka2img = Brahmi l sign.svg |brah2letname = Brahmi Vocalic L sign

|tochimg = |toch2img =

|siddimg = Siddham l.svg |siddletname = Siddhaṃ 'L'
|sidd2letname = Siddhaṃ 'L'

|ipa = l̩ |iast = Ḷ |iscii =


|newacp = 11408 |bhkscp = 11C08 |newa2cp = 1143C |soyocp = 11A5A |bhks2cp = 11C36



}}

'''Ḷ''' or '''Vocalic L''' is a vowel symbol of Indic abugidas. In modern Indic scripts, Ḷ is derived from the Brahmi letter [[Image:Brahmi li.svg|13px|ng]]. As an Indic vowel, Ḷ comes in two normally distinct forms: 1) as an independent letter, and 2) as a sign for modifying a base consonant. Bare consonants without a modifying vowel sign have the inherent "A" vowel.

==Āryabhaṭa numeration==

{{further|Āryabhaṭa numeration}}

[[Aryabhata]] used Devanagari letters for numbers, very similar to the [[Greek numerals]], even after the invention of [[Indian numerals]]. The ॢ sign was used to modify a consonant's value {{e|8}}, but the vowel letter ऌ did not have an inherent value by itself.<ref name="Ifrah">{{cite book|last=Ifrah|first=Georges|title=The Universal History of Numbers. From Prehistory to the Invention of the Computer|year=2000|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|location=New York|isbn=0-471-39340-1|pages=447–450}}</ref>

==Historic Ḷ==
There are three different general early historic scripts - [[Brahmi script|Brahmi]] and its variants, [[Kharosthi|Kharoṣṭhī]], and [[Tocharian alphabet|Tocharian]], the so-called ''slanting Brahmi''. Ḷ as found in [[Brahmi]] was missing in earlier geometric styles, but emerged as a vowel mark during more flowing styles of Brahmi, such as the Kushana and Gupta. In both Tocharian and Kharoṣṭhī, Ḷ is not currently known from any source materials.

===Brahmi Ḷ===

The Brahmi letter Ḷ is only found as a vowel mark, and is derived from the [[La (Indic)#Brahmi La|consonant La]], and therefore is [[Brahmi script#origin|probably]] from the Aramaic [[Lamed]] [[File:Lamed.svg|13px]]. This would make it related to the modern Latin [[L]] and Greek [[Lambda]].<ref name="Buhler">{{cite web |last1=Bühler |first1=Georg |title=On the Origin of the Indian Brahmi Alphabet |url=https://archive.org/details/onoriginofindian00bhuoft/page/n3/mode/2up |website=archive.org |publisher=Karl J. Trübner |accessdate=10 June 2020}}</ref> Several identifiable styles of writing the Brahmi Ḷ can be found, most associated with a specific set of inscriptions from an artifact or diverse records from an historic period.<ref>[[:File:Brahmi script consonants according to James Prinsep March 1838.jpg|Evolutionary chart]], Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal Vol 7, 1838 [https://archive.org/stream/journalofasiatic775asia#page/n101]</ref> As the earliest and most geometric style of Brahmi, the letters found on the [[Edicts of Ashoka]] and other records from around that time are normally the reference form for Brahmi letters, but Ḷ must be back-formed from later forms to match the reference geometric writing style, and the reference image for the independent letter [[File:Brahmi li.svg|13px]] is just the vowel mark enlarged to the size of a full letter.

==Devanagari Ḷ==
{{main|Devanagari Ḷ}}


{{multiple image
| width = 100px
| image1 = Devanagari li.svg
| alt1 = Ḷ vowel
| image2 = Devanagari li sign.svg
| alt2 = Ḷ vowel sign
| footer = Devanagari independent Ḷ and Ḷ vowel sign.
}}
'''Ḷ''' ('''ऌ''') is a vowel of the [[Devanagari]] [[abugida]]. It ultimately arose from the [[Brahmi]] letter [[Image:Brahmi li.svg|13px|Ḷ]], via [[Gupta script|Gupta]]. Letters that derive from it are the [[Gujarati script|Gujarati]] letter '''ઌ''', and the [[Modi alphabet|Modi]] letter 𑘈.

===Devanagari Using Languages===
The Devanagari script is used to write the [[Hindi language]], [[Sanskrit]] and the majority of [[Indic languages]]. In most of these languages, ऌ is pronounced as {{IPA-hi|ḷ|}}. Like all Indic scripts, Devanagari vowels come in two forms: an independent vowel form for syllables that begin with a vowel sound, and a vowel sign attached to base consonant to override the inherent /ə/ vowel. 

==Bengali Ḷ==
{{main|l (Bengali)}}
{{multiple image
| width = 100px
| image1 = Bengali Letter Li.svg
| alt1 = Ḷ vowel
| image2 = Bengali L vowel sign.svg
| alt2 = Ḷ vowel sign
| footer = Bengali independent Ḷ and Ḷ vowel sign.
}}

'''Ḷ''' ('''ঌ''') is a vowel of the [[Bengali script|Bengali]] [[abugida]]. It is derived from the [[Siddhaṃ]] letter [[Image:Siddham l.svg|13px|Ḷ]], and is marked by the lack of horizontal head line and less geometric shape than its Devanagari counterpart, ऌ.

===Bengali Script Using Languages===
The Bengali script is used to write several languages of eastern India, notably the [[Bengali language]] and [[Assamese language|Assamese]]. In most languages, ঌ is pronounced as {{IPA-bn|ḷ|}}. Like all Indic scripts, Bengali vowels come in two forms: an independent vowel form for syllables that begin with a vowel sound, and a vowel sign attached to base consonant to override the inherent /ɔ/ vowel. 

==Gujarati Ḷ==
{{multiple image
| width = 100px
| image1 = Gujarati vowel L.svg
| alt1 = Ḷ vowel
| image2 = Gujarati vowel sign L.svg
| alt2 = Ḷ vowel sign
| footer = Gujarati independent Ḷ and Ḷ vowel sign.
}}
'''Ḷ''' ('''ઌ''') is a vowel of the [[Gujarati script|Gujarati]] [[abugida]]. It is derived from the Devanagari Ḷ [[Image:Devanagari li.svg|13px|l]], and ultimately the [[Brahmi]] letter [[Image:Brahmi li.svg|13px|l]].

===Gujarati-using Languages===
The Gujarati script is used to write the [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]] and [[Kutchi language|Kutchi]] languages. In both languages, ઌ is pronounced as {{IPA-gu|ḷ|}}. Like all Indic scripts, Gujarati vowels come in two forms: an independent vowel form for syllables that begin with a vowel sound, and a vowel sign attached to base consonant to override the inherent /ə/ vowel.

==Javanese Ḷ==
{{main|Ḷ (Javanese)}}

==Telugu Ḷ==
{{multiple image
| width = 100px
| image1 = Telugu vowel L.svg
| alt1 = Telugu independent vowel Ḷ
| image2 = Telugu L vowel sign.svg
| alt2 = Telugu vowel sign Ḷ
| footer = Telugu independent vowel and vowel sign Ḷ.
}}
'''Ḷ''' ('''ఌ''') is a vowel of the [[Telugu script|Telugu]] [[abugida]]. It ultimately arose from the [[Brahmi]] letter [[Image:Brahmi li.svg|13px|Ḷ]]. It is closely related to the [[Kannada script|Kannada]] letter '''ಌ'''. Like in other Indic scripts, Telugu vowels have two forms: and independent letter for word and syllable-initial vowel sounds, and a vowel sign for changing the inherent "a" of Telugu consonant letters. Ḷ is a non-attaching vowel sign, and does not alter the underlying consonant or contextually shape itself in any way.

[[File:Telugu L matra.svg|thumb|center|550px|Telugu Ḷ vowel sign on క, ఖ, గ, ఘ & ఙ: Kḷ, Khḷ, Gḷ, Ghḷ and Ngḷ.]]

==Malayalam Ḷ==
{{multiple image
| width = 100px
| image1 = Malayalam vowel L.svg
| alt1 = Malayalam independent vowel Ḷ
| image2 = Malayalam vowel sign L.svg
| alt2 = Malayalam vowel sign Ḷ
| footer = Malayalam independent vowel and vowel sign Ḷ.
}}
'''Ḷ''' ('''ഌ''') is a vowel of the [[Malayalam script|Malayalam]] [[abugida]]. It ultimately arose from the [[Brahmi]] letter [[Image:Brahmi li.svg|13px|Ḷ]], via the [[Grantha script|Grantha]] letter [[Image:Grantha vowel L.svg|x15px|Ḷ]] ''l''. Like in other Indic scripts, Malayalam vowels have two forms: an independent letter for word and syllable-initial vowel sounds, and a vowel sign for changing the inherent "a" of consonant letters. Vowel signs in Malayalam usually sit adjacent to its base consonant - below, to the left, right, or both left and right, but are always pronounced after the consonant sound.

==Odia Ḷ==
{{multiple image
| width = 100px
| image1 = Odia vowel l.svg
| alt1 = Odia independent vowel Ḷ
| image2 = Odia vowel sign l.svg
| alt2 = Odia vowel sign Ḷ
| footer = Odia independent vowel and vowel sign Ḷ.
}}
'''Ḷ''' ('''ଌ''') is a vowel of the [[Odia script|Odia]] [[abugida]]. It ultimately arose from the [[Brahmi]] letter [[Image:Brahmi li.svg|13px|Ḷ]], via the [[Siddhaṃ script|Siddhaṃ]] letter [[Image:Siddham li.svg|x15px|Ḷ]] ''l''. Like in other Indic scripts, Odia vowels have two forms: an independent letter for word and syllable-initial vowel sounds, and a vowel sign for changing the inherent "a" of consonant letters. Vowel signs in Odia usually sit adjacent to its base consonant - below, to the left, right, or both left and right, but are always pronounced after the consonant sound. No base consonants are altered in form when adding a vowel sign, and there are no consonant+vowel ligatures in Odia.


{{clear}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Devanagari_abugida}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:L (Indic)}}
[[Category:Indic letters]]

Ḷ (Indic) - Revision history

imported>Vanisaac: clean up per MOS:WE, replaced: gives us → gives (2), removed stub tag