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{{Indic glyph |letname = Ḍha |previousletter = Ḍa |nextletter = Ṇa |devacp = 0922 |devaimg = Devanagari ddh.svg |bengcp = 09A2 |bengimg = Bengali Letter Ddha.svg |gurucp = 0A22 |gujrcp = 0AA2 |oryacp = 0B22 |telucp = 0C22 |kndacp = 0CA2 |mlymcp = 0D22 |sinhcp = 0DAA |tibtcp = 0F4D |mymrcp = 100E |khmrcp = 178D |balicp = 1B20 |sylocp = A813 |saurcp = A89F |javacp = A99E |kharcp = 10A1D |kthicp = 1109B |cakmcp = 11119 |mahjcp = 11161 |shrdcp = 1119E |khojcp = 11217 |sindcp = 112CB |grancp = 11322 |modicp = 1161B |tirhcp = 1149C |takrcp = 11697

|brahcp = 11020 |ashokaimg = Brahmi ddh.svg |kushanaimg = Gupta ashoka ddh.svg |guptaimg = Gupta ashoka ddh.svg
|tochimg = Tocharian letter ddha.gif |brahletname = Brahmi 'Ḍh'
|siddcp = 1159B |siddimg = Siddham ddh.svg |siddletname = Siddhaṃ 'Ḍha'
|ipa = ɖʱ |ipa2=d̳ʱ |iast = ḍ |iscii = C0


|multcp = 11294 |newacp = 1141D |dogrcp = 11817 |diakcp = 11919 |nandcp = 119BB |zanbcp = 11A17 |soyocp = 11A69 |bhkscp = 11C1B |gonmcp = 11D19 |gongcp = 11D83


}}

'''Ḍha''' (also romanized as '''Ddha''') is a consonant of Indic abugidas. In modern Indic scripts, Ḍha is derived from the early "[[Ashoka]]" Brahmi letter [[Image:Brahmi ddh.svg|13px|ng]] after having gone through the [[Gupta script|Gupta]] letter [[File:Gupta allahabad ddh.svg|13px]]. As with the other [[cerebral consonant]]s, ''ḍha'' is not found in most scripts for [[Tai languages|Tai]], [[Sino-Tibetan languages|Sino-Tibetan]], and other non-[[Indic languages]], except for a few scripts, which retain these letters for transcribing [[Sanskrit]] religious terms.

==Āryabhaṭa numeration==

{{further|Āryabhaṭa numeration}}

[[Aryabhata]] used Devanagari letters for numbers, very similar to the [[Greek numerals]], even after the invention of [[Indian numerals]]. The values of the different forms of ढ are:<ref name="Ifrah">{{cite book|last=Ifrah|first=Georges|title=The Universal History of Numbers. From Prehistory to the Invention of the Computer|url=https://archive.org/details/universalhistory00ifra_925|url-access=limited|year=2000|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|location=New York|isbn=0-471-39340-1|pages=[https://archive.org/details/universalhistory00ifra_925/page/n468 447]–450}}</ref>
*ढ {{IPA-hi|ɖʰə|}} = 14 (१४)
*ढि {{IPA-hi|ɖʰɪ|}} = 1,400 (१ ४००)
*ढु {{IPA-hi|ɖʰʊ|}} = 140,000 (१ ४० ०००)
*ढृ {{IPA-hi|ɖʰri|}} = 14,000,000 (१ ४० ०० ०००)
*ढॢ {{IPA-hi|ɖʰlə|}} = 1,400,000,000 (१ ४० ०० ०० ०००)
*ढे {{IPA-hi|ɖʰe|}} = 14{{e|10}} (१४×१०१०)
*ढै {{IPA-hi|ɖʰɛː|}} = 14{{e|12}} (१४×१०१२)
*ढो {{IPA-hi|ɖʰoː|}} = 14{{e|14}} (१४×१०१४)
*ढौ {{IPA-hi|ɖʰɔː|}} = 14{{e|16}} (१४×१०१६)

==Historic Ddha==
There are three different general early historic scripts - [[Brahmi script|Brahmi]] and its variants, [[Kharosthi|Kharoṣṭhī]], and [[Tocharian alphabet|Tocharian]], the so-called ''slanting Brahmi''. Ddha as found in standard [[Brahmi]], [[Image:Brahmi ddh.svg|13px|Ddha]] was a simple geometric shape, with variations toward more flowing forms by the Gupta [[Image:Gupta allahabad ddh.svg|13px|Ddha]]. The Tocharian Ddha [[Image:Tocharian letter ddha.gif|18px|Ddha]] did not have an alterante [[Tocharian alphabet#Script|Fremdzeichen]] form. The third form of ddha, in Kharoshthi ([[file:Буква DDHА (незалежний знак). Письмо кхароштхі. Kharoshthi letter DDHA.svg|15px|Ddha]]) was probably derived from Aramaic separately from the Brahmi letter.

===Brahmi Ddha===

The Brahmi letter [[Image:Brahmi ddh.svg|13px|Ddha]], Ddha, is [[Brahmi script#origin|probably derived]] from the altered Aramaic [[Dalet]] [[File:Daleth.svg|13px]], and is thus related to the modern Latin [[D]] and Greek [[Delta (letter)|Delta]].<ref name="Buhler">{{cite web |last1=Bühler |first1=Georg |title=On the Origin of the Indian Brahmi Alphabet |url=https://archive.org/details/onoriginofindian00bhuoft/page/n3/mode/2up |website=archive.org |publisher=Karl J. Trübner |access-date=10 June 2020}}</ref> Several identifiable styles of writing the Brahmi Ddha can be found, most associated with a specific set of inscriptions from an artifact or diverse records from an historic period.<ref>[[:File:Brahmi script consonants according to James Prinsep March 1838.jpg|Evolutionary chart]], Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal Vol 7, 1838 [https://archive.org/stream/journalofasiatic775asia#page/n101]</ref> As the earliest and most geometric style of Brahmi, the letters found on the [[Edicts of Ashoka]] and other records from around that time are normally the reference form for Brahmi letters, with vowel marks not attested until later forms of Brahmi back-formed to match the geometric writing style.

{|class="wikitable"
|+Brahmi Ddha historic forms
|-
!Ashoka ([[Brahmi script#Early Brahmi or "Ashokan Brahmi" (3rd-1st century BCE)|3rd-1st c. BCE]]) !! Girnar (~150 BCE) !! Kushana ([[Brahmi script#Middle Brahmi or "Kushana Brahmi" (1st–3rd centuries CE)|~150-250 CE]]) !! Gujarat (~250 CE) !! Gupta ([[Gupta script|~350 CE]])
|-
| [[File:Brahmi ddh.svg|37px]] || [[Image:Gupta girnar ddh.svg|37px]] || [[Image:Gupta ashoka ddh.svg|37px]] || [[Image:Gupta gujarat ddh.svg|37px]] || [[Image:Gupta allahabad ddh.svg|37px]]
|}

===Tocharian Ddha===

The Tocharian letter [[Image:Tocharian letter ddha.gif|25px|Ddha]] is derived from the Brahmi [[Image:Brahmi ddh.svg|13px|Ddha]], but does not have an alternate Fremdzeichen form.

{|class="wikitable"
|+Tocharian Ddha with vowel marks
|-
! Ddha !! Ddhā !! Ddhi !! Ddhī !! Ddhu !! Ddhū !! Ddhr !! Ddhr̄ !! Ddhe !! Ddhai !! Ddho !! Ddhau !! Ddhä
|-
| [[File:Tocharian letter ddha.gif|37px]] || [[File:Tocharian letter ddhaa.gif|37px]] || [[File:Tocharian letter ddhi.gif|37px]] || [[File:Tocharian letter ddhii.gif|37px]] || [[File:Tocharian letter ddhu.gif|37px]] || [[File:Tocharian letter ddhuu.gif|37px]] ||  ||  ||  ||  || [[File:Tocharian letter ddho.gif|37px]] ||  || [[File:Tocharian letter ddhä.gif|37px]]
|}

===Kharoṣṭhī Ddha===

The Kharoṣṭhī letter [[file:Буква DDHА (незалежний знак). Письмо кхароштхі. Kharoshthi letter DDHA.svg|15px|Ddha]] is generally accepted as being derived from the altered Aramaic [[Dalet]] [[File:Daleth.svg|13px]], and is thus related to [[D]] and [[Delta (letter)|Delta]], in addition to the Brahmi Ddha.<ref name="Buhler"/>

==Devanagari Ḍha==

{{main|Devanagari ddha}}
{{Devanagari abugida sidebar}}
'''Ḍha''' ('''ढ''') is a consonant of the [[Devanagari]] [[abugida]]. It ultimately arose from the [[Brahmi]] letter [[Image:Brahmi ddh.svg|13px|ka]], after having gone through the [[Gupta script|Gupta]] letter [[File:Gupta allahabad ddh.svg|13px]]. Letters that derive from it are the [[Gujarati script|Gujarati]] letter '''ઢ''', and the [[Modi alphabet|Modi]] letter 𑘛.

===Devanagari-using Languages===
In all languages, ढ is pronounced as {{IPA-hi|ɖʱə|}} or {{IPAblink|ɖʱ}} when appropriate. Like all Indic scripts, Devanagari uses vowel marks attached to the base consonant to override the inherent /ə/ vowel:

{|class="wikitable"
|+ Devanagari ढ with vowel marks
|-
! Ḍha !! Ḍhā !! Ḍhi !! Ḍhī !! Ḍhu !! Ḍhū !! Ḍhr !! Ḍhr̄ !! Ḍhl !! Ḍhl̄ !! Ḍhe !! Ḍhai !! Ḍho !! Ḍhau !! Ḍh
|-style="font-size: 150%;"
|ढ
|ढा
|ढि
|ढी
|ढु
|ढू
|ढृ
|ढॄ
|ढॢ
|ढॣ
|ढे
|ढै
|ढो
|ढौ
|ढ्
|}



===Conjuncts with ढ===
Devanagari exhibits conjunct ligatures, as is common in Indic scripts. In modern Devanagari texts, most conjuncts are formed by reducing the letter shape to fit tightly to the following letter, usually by dropping a character's vertical stem, sometimes referred to as a "half form". Some conjunct clusters are always represented by a true ligature, instead of a shape that can be broken into constituent independent letters. Vertically stacked conjuncts are ubiquitous in older texts, while only a few are still used routinely in modern Devanagari texts. Lacking a vertical stem to drop for making a half form, Ḍha either forms a stacked conjunct/ligature, or uses its full form with [[Virama]]. The use of ligatures and vertical conjuncts may vary across languages using the Devanagari script, with [[Marathi language|Marathi]] in particular avoiding their use where other languages would use them.<ref name="KNAB">{{cite web |last1=Pall |first1=Peeter |title=Microsoft Word - kblhi2 |url=https://www.eki.ee/knab/lat/kblhi2.pdf |website=Eesti Keele Instituudi kohanimeandmed |publisher=Eesti Keele Instituudi kohanimeandmed |access-date=19 June 2020}}</ref>

====Ligature conjuncts of ढ====
True ligatures are quite rare in Indic scripts. The most common ligated conjuncts in Devanagari are in the form of a slight mutation to fit in context or as a consistent variant form appended to the adjacent characters. Those variants include [[Na (Indic)#Devanagari Na|Na]] and the [[Ra (Indic)#Devanagari Repha|Repha]] and [[Ra (Indic)#Devanagari Rakar|Rakar]] forms of Ra. [[Nepali language|Nepali]] and [[Marathi language|Marathi]] texts use the "eyelash" Ra half form [[Image:Devanagari Eyelash Ra.svg|15px|Ra]] for an initial "R" instead of repha.

* Repha र্ (r) + ढ (ḍʱa) gives the ligature rḍʱa: {{ref|note|note}}
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct RDdha.svg|100px]]
* Eyelash र্ (r) + ढ (ḍʱa) gives the ligature rḍʱa:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct Eyelash RDdha.svg|125px]]
* ढ্ (ḍʱ) + rakar र (ra) gives the ligature ḍʱra:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct DdhRa.svg|100px]]
* ढ্ (ḍʱ) + न (na) gives the ligature ḍʱna:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct DdhNa.svg|100px]]
* प্ (p) + ढ (ḍʱa) gives the ligature pḍʱa:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct PDdha.svg|100px]]
* ष্ (ṣ) + ढ (ḍʱa) gives the ligature ṣḍʱa:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct SsDdha.svg|100px]]

====Stacked conjuncts of ढ====
Vertically stacked ligatures are the most common conjunct forms found in Devanagari text. Although the constituent characters may need to be stretched and moved slightly in order to stack neatly, stacked conjuncts can be broken down into recognizable base letters, or a letter and an otherwise standard ligature.

* छ্ (cʰ) + ढ (ḍʱa) gives the ligature cʰḍʱa:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct ChDdha.svg|100px]]
* ड্ (ḍ) + ढ (ḍʱa) gives the ligature ḍḍʱa:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct DdDdha.svg|100px]]
* द্ (d) + ढ (ḍʱa) gives the ligature dḍʱa:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct DDdha.svg|100px]]
* ढ্ (ḍʱ) + ब (ba) gives the ligature ḍʱba:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct DdhBa.svg|100px]]
* ढ্ (ḍʱ) + भ (bʰa) gives the ligature ḍʱbʰa:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct DdhBha.svg|100px]]
* ढ্ (ḍʱ) + च (ca) gives the ligature ḍʱca:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct DdhCa.svg|100px]]
* ढ্ (ḍʱ) + छ (cʰa) gives the ligature ḍʱcʰa:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct DdhCha.svg|100px]]
* ढ্ (ḍʱ) + द (da) gives the ligature ḍʱda:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct DdhDa.svg|100px]]
* ढ্ (ḍʱ) + ड (ḍa) gives the ligature ḍʱḍa:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct DdhDda.svg|100px]]
* ढ্ (ḍʱ) + ढ (ḍʱa) gives the ligature ḍʱḍʱa:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct DdhDdha.svg|100px]]
* ढ্ (ḍʱ) + ध (dʱa) gives the ligature ḍʱdʱa:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct DdhDha.svg|100px]]
* ढ্ (ḍʱ) + ग (ga) gives the ligature ḍʱga:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct DdhGa.svg|100px]]
* ढ্ (ḍʱ) + घ (ɡʱa) gives the ligature ḍʱɡʱa:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct DdhGha.svg|100px]]
* ढ্ (ḍʱ) + ह (ha) gives the ligature ḍʱha:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct DdhHa.svg|100px]]
* ढ্ (ḍʱ) + ज (ja) gives the ligature ḍʱja:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct DdhJa.svg|100px]]
* ढ্ (ḍʱ) + झ (jʰa) gives the ligature ḍʱjʰa:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct DdhJha.svg|100px]]
* ढ্ (ḍʱ) + ज্ (j) + ञ (ña) gives the ligature ḍʱjña:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct DdhJNya.svg|100px]]
* ढ্ (ḍʱ) + क (ka) gives the ligature ḍʱka:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct DdhKa.svg|100px]]
* ढ্ (ḍʱ) + ख (kʰa) gives the ligature ḍʱkʰa:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct DdhKha.svg|100px]]
* ढ্ (ḍʱ) + क্ (k) + ष (ṣa) gives the ligature ḍʱkṣa:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct DdhKSsa.svg|100px]]
* ढ্ (ḍʱ) + ल (la) gives the ligature ḍʱla:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct DdhLa.svg|100px]]
* ढ্ (ḍʱ) + ळ (ḷa) gives the ligature ḍʱḷa:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct DdhLla.svg|100px]]
* ढ্ (ḍʱ) + म (ma) gives the ligature ḍʱma:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct DdhMa.svg|100px]]
* ढ্ (ḍʱ) + ङ (ŋa) gives the ligature ḍʱŋa:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct DdhNga.svg|100px]]
* ढ্ (ḍʱ) + ण (ṇa) gives the ligature ḍʱṇa:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct DdhNna.svg|100px]]
* ढ্ (ḍʱ) + ञ (ña) gives the ligature ḍʱña:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct DdhNya.svg|100px]]
* ढ্ (ḍʱ) + प (pa) gives the ligature ḍʱpa:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct DdhPa.svg|100px]]
* ढ্ (ḍʱ) + फ (pʰa) gives the ligature ḍʱpʰa:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct DdhPha.svg|100px]]
* ढ্ (ḍʱ) + स (sa) gives the ligature ḍʱsa:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct DdhSa.svg|100px]]
* ढ্ (ḍʱ) + श (ʃa) gives the ligature ḍʱʃa:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct DdhSha.svg|100px]]
* ढ্ (ḍʱ) + ष (ṣa) gives the ligature ḍʱṣa:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct DdhSsa.svg|100px]]
* ढ্ (ḍʱ) + त (ta) gives the ligature ḍʱta:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct DdhTa.svg|100px]]
* ढ্ (ḍʱ) + थ (tʰa) gives the ligature ḍʱtʰa:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct DdhTha.svg|100px]]
* ढ্ (ḍʱ) + ट (ṭa) gives the ligature ḍʱṭa:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct DdhTta.svg|100px]]
* ढ্ (ḍʱ) + ठ (ṭʰa) gives the ligature ḍʱṭʰa:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct DdhTtha.svg|100px]]
* ढ্ (ḍʱ) + व (va) gives the ligature ḍʱva:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct DdhVa.svg|100px]]
* ढ্ (ḍʱ) + य (ya) gives the ligature ḍʱya:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct DdhYa.svg|100px]]
* ङ্ (ŋ) + ढ (ḍʱa) gives the ligature ŋḍʱa:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct NgDdha.svg|100px]]
* ट্ (ṭ) + ढ (ḍʱa) gives the ligature ṭḍʱa:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct TtDdha.svg|100px]]
* ठ্ (ṭʰ) + ढ (ḍʱa) gives the ligature ṭʰḍʱa:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct TthDdha.svg|100px]]

==Bengali Ddha==

The Bengali script ঢ is derived from the [[Siddhaṃ]] [[Image:Siddham ddh.svg|13px]], and is marked by a similar horizontal head line, but less geometric shape, than its Devanagari counterpart, ढ. The inherent vowel of Bengali consonant letters is /ɔ/, so the bare letter ঢ will sometimes be transliterated as "ddho" instead of "ddha". Adding okar, the "o" vowel mark, gives a reading of /d̳ʱo/.

Like all Indic consonants, ঢ can be modified by marks to indicate another (or no) vowel than its inherent "a".

{|class="wikitable"
|+ Bengali ঢ with vowel marks
|-
! ddha !! ddhā !! ddhi !! ddhī !! ddhu !! ddhū !! ddhr !! ddhr̄ !! ddhe !! ddhai !! ddho !! ddhau !! ddh
|-style="font-size: 150%;"
|ঢ
|ঢা
|ঢি
|ঢী
|ঢু
|ঢূ
|ঢৃ
|ঢৄ
|ঢে
|ঢৈ
|ঢো
|ঢৌ
|ঢ্
|}

===ঢ in Bengali-using languages===

ঢ is used as a basic consonant character in all of the major Bengali script orthographies, including [[Bengali alphabet|Bengali]] and [[Assamese alphabet|Assamese]]. 

===Conjuncts with ঢ===

Bengali ঢ exhibits a few conjunct ligatures, as is common in Indic scripts.<ref>{{cite web|title=The Bengali Alphabet|url=http://tesseractindic.googlecode.com/files/wb069conjuncts.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130928021705/http://tesseractindic.googlecode.com/files/wb069conjuncts.pdf|archive-date=2013-09-28}}</ref>

* ঢ্ (ḍʱ) + র (ra) gives the ligature ḍʱra, with the [[ra phala]] suffix:
[[File:Bengali Conjunct DDHra.svg |100px]]
* ঢ্ (ḍʱ) + য (ya) gives the ligature ḍʱya, with the [[ya phala]] suffix:
[[File:Bengali Conjunct DDHya.svg |100px]]
* ণ্ (ṇ) + ঢ (ḍʱa) gives the ligature ṇḍʱa:
[[File:Bengali Conjunct NNddha.svg |100px]]
* র্ (r) + ঢ্ (ḍʱ) + য (ya) gives the ligature rḍʱya, with the [[Ra (Indic)#Bengali Repha|repha]] prefix and ya phala suffix:
[[File:Bengali Conjunct Rddhya.svg |100px]]

==Gujarati Ḍha==
[[File:Gujarati letter Ddha.svg|thumb|right|100px|Gujarati Ḍha.]]
'''Ḍha''' ('''ઢ''') is the fourteenth consonant of the [[Gujarati script|Gujarati]] [[abugida]]. It is derived from the Devanagari Ḍha [[Image:Devanagari ddh.svg|13px|Ddha]] with the top bar (shiro rekha) removed, and ultimately the [[Brahmi]] letter [[Image:Brahmi ddh.svg|13px|Ddha]].

===Gujarati-using Languages===
The Gujarati script is used to write the [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]] and [[Kutchi language|Kutchi]] languages. In both languages, ઢ is pronounced as {{IPA-gu|ɖʱə|}} or {{IPAblink|ɖʱ}} when appropriate. Like all Indic scripts, Gujarati uses vowel marks attached to the base consonant to override the inherent /ə/ vowel:

{| class=wikitable style="width: 40em;"
|-
! style="width:6%;"| Ḍha !! style="width:7%;"| Ḍhā !! style="width:6.5%;"| Ḍhi !! style="width:7%;"| Ḍhī !! style="width:4.5%;"| Ḍhu !! style="width:5%;"| Ḍhū !! style="width:4.5%;"| Ḍhr !! style="width:5%;"| Ḍhl !! style="width:5%;"| Ḍhr̄ !! style="width:5%;"| Ḍhl̄ !! style="width:4.5%;"| Ḍhĕ !! style="width:4.5%;"| Ḍhe !! style="width:5%;"| Ḍhai !! style="width:7%;"| Ḍhŏ !! style="width:7%;"| Ḍho !! style="width:6%;"| Ḍhau !! style="width:7%;"| Ḍh
|- align="center"
| colspan=17 |[[File:Gujarati Ddha Matras.svg|750px]]
|-
| colspan=17 |Gujarati Ḍha syllables, with vowel marks in red.
|}

===Conjuncts with ઢ===
Gujarati ઢ exhibits conjunct ligatures, much like its parent Devanagari Script. While most Gujarati conjuncts can only be formed by reducing the letter shape to create a "half form" that fits tightly to following letter, Ḍha does not have a half form. A few conjunct clusters can be represented by a true ligature, instead of a shape that can be broken into constituent independent letters, and vertically stacked conjuncts can also be found in Gujarati, although much less commonly than in Devanagari. Lacking a half form, Ḍha will normally use an explicit virama when forming conjuncts without a true ligature.

True ligatures are quite rare in Indic scripts. The most common ligated conjuncts in Gujarati are in the form of a slight mutation to fit in context or as a consistent variant form appended to the adjacent characters. Those variants include [[Na (Indic)#Gujarati Na|Na]] and the [[Ra (Indic)#Gujarati Repha|Repha]] and [[Ra (Indic)#Gujarati Rakar|Rakar]] forms of Ra.

* ર્ (r) + ઢ (ɖʱa) gives the ligature RḌha:
[[File:Gujarati conjunct RDdha.svg|100px]]

* ઢ્ (ɖʱ) + ર (ra) gives the ligature ḌhRa:
[[File:Gujarati conjunct DdhRa.svg|100px]]

* ઢ્ (ɖʱ) + ઢ (ɖʱa) gives the ligature ḌhḌha:
[[File:Gujarati conjunct DdhDdha.svg|100px]]

* ઢ્ (ɖʱ) + ન (na) gives the ligature ḌhNa:
[[File:Gujarati conjunct DdhNa.svg|100px]]

==Javanese Ddha==
{{main|Ddha (Javanese)}}

==Telugu Ḍha==
{{multiple image
| width = 100px
| image1 = Telugu letter Ddha.svg
| alt1 = Telugu Ḍha
| image2 = Telugu subjoined Ddha.svg
| alt2 = Telugu subjoined Ḍha
| footer = Telugu independent and subjoined Ḍha.
}}
'''Ḍha''' ('''ఢ''') is a consonant of the [[Telugu script|Telugu]] [[abugida]]. It ultimately arose from the [[Brahmi]] letter [[Image:Brahmi ddh.svg|13px|Ḍh]]. It is closely related to the [[Kannada script|Kannada]] letter '''ಢ'''. Most Telugu consonants contain a v-shaped headstroke that is related to the horizontal headline found in other Indic scripts, although headstrokes do not connect adjacent letters in Telugu. The headstroke is normally lost when adding vowel matras.

Telugu conjuncts are created by reducing trailing letters to a subjoined form that appears below the initial consonant of the conjunct. Many subjoined forms are created by dropping their headline, with many extending the end of the stroke of the main letter body to form an extended tail reaching up to the right of the preceding consonant. This subjoining of trailing letters to create conjuncts is in contrast to the leading half forms of Devanagari and Bengali letters. Ligature conjuncts are not a feature in Telugu, with the only non-standard construction being an alternate subjoined form of [[Ṣa (Indic)#Telugu Ṣa|Ṣa]] (borrowed from [[Kannada script|Kannada]]) in the KṢa conjunct.

==Malayalam Ḍha==
[[File:Malayalam letter Ddha.svg|thumb|100px|Malayalam letter Ḍha]]

'''Ḍha''' ('''ഢ''') is a consonant of the [[Malayalam script|Malayalam]] [[abugida]]. It ultimately arose from the [[Brahmi]] letter [[Image:Brahmi ddh.svg|13px|Ḍh]], via the [[Grantha script|Grantha]] letter [[Image:Grantha letter Ddha.svg|x15px|Ḍha]] ''Ddha''. Like in other Indic scripts, Malayalam consonants have the inherent vowel "a", and take one of several modifying vowel signs to represent syllables with another vowel or no vowel at all.

[[File:Malayalam Ddha matras.svg|thumb|center|550px|Malayalam Ddha matras: Ddha, Ddhā, Ddhi, Ddhī, Ddhu, Ddhū, Ddhr̥, Ddhr̥̄, Ddhl̥, Ddhl̥̄, Ddhe, Ddhē, Ddhai, Ddho, Ddhō, Ddhau, and Ddh.]]

===Conjuncts of ഢ===
As is common in Indic scripts, Malayalam joins letters together to form conjunct consonant clusters. There are several ways in which conjuncts are formed in Malayalam texts: using a post-base form of a trailing consonant placed under the initial consonant of a conjunct, a combined ligature of two or more consonants joined together, a conjoining form that appears as a combining mark on the rest of the conjunct, the use of an explicit [[candrakkala]] mark to suppress the inherent "a" vowel, or a special consonant form called a "chillu" letter, representing a bare consonant without the inherent "a" vowel. Texts written with the modern reformed Malayalam orthography, ''put̪iya lipi'', may favor more regular conjunct forms than older texts in ''paḻaya lipi'', due to [[Malayalam#Orthography reform|changes]] undertaken in the 1970s by the [[Government of Kerala]].

* ഡ് (ḍ) + ഢ (ḍʱa) gives the ligature ḍḍʱa:
[[File:Malayalam conjunct DdDdha.svg]]
* ണ് (ṇ) + ഢ (ḍʱa) gives the ligature ṇḍʱa:
[[File:Malayalam conjunct NnDdha.svg]]

==Odia Ḍha==
{{multiple image
| width = 100px
| image1 = Odia letter Ddha.svg
| alt1 = Odia independent letter Ḍha
| image2 = Odia subjoined Ddha.svg
| alt2 = Odia subjoined letter Ḍha
| footer = Odia independent and subjoined letter Ḍha.
}}

'''Ḍha''' ('''ଢ''') is a consonant of the [[Odia script|Odia]] [[abugida]]. It ultimately arose from the [[Brahmi]] letter [[Image:Brahmi ddh.svg|13px|Ḍh]], via the [[Siddhaṃ script|Siddhaṃ]] letter [[Image:Siddham ddh.svg|x15px|Ḍha]] ''Ddha''. Like in other Indic scripts, Odia consonants have the inherent vowel "a", and take one of several modifying vowel signs to represent syllables with another vowel or no vowel at all.

{| class=wikitable
|+ Odia Ddha with vowel matras
|-
! Ddha !! Ddhā !! Ddhi !! Ddhī !! Ddhu !! Ddhū !! Ddhr̥ !! Ddhr̥̄ !! Ddhl̥ !! Ddhl̥̄ !! Ddhe !! Ddhai !! Ddho !! Ddhau !! Ddh
|-
| {{big|ଢ}} || {{big|ଢା}} || {{big|ଢି}} || {{big|ଢୀ}} || {{big|ଢୁ}} || {{big|ଢୂ}} || {{big|ଢୃ}} || {{big|ଢୄ}} || {{big|ଢୢ}} || {{big|ଢୣ}} || {{big|ଢେ}} || {{big|ଢୈ}} || {{big|ଢୋ}} || {{big|ଢୌ}} || {{big|ଢ୍}}
|}

As is common in Indic scripts, Odia joins letters together to form conjunct consonant clusters. The most common conjunct formation is achieved by using a small subjoined form of trailing consonants. Most consonants' subjoined forms are identical to the full form, just reduced in size, although a few drop the curved headline or have a subjoined form not directly related to the full form of the consonant. The second type of conjunct formation is through pure ligatures, where the constituent consonants are written together in a single graphic form. ଢ generates conjuncts only by subjoining and does not form ligatures.



==References==
{{reflist}}
::{{note|note|note}} Conjuncts are identified by [[IAST]] transliteration, except aspirated consonants are indicated with a superscript "h" to distinguish from an unaspirated cononant + [[Ha (Indic)|Ha]], and the use of the IPA "ŋ" and "ʃ" instead of the less dinstinctive "ṅ" and "ś".

{{Devanagari_abugida}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Dxha (Indic)}}
[[Category:Indic letters]]

Ḍha (Indic) - Revision history

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