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{{Indic glyph |letname = Ḍa |previousletter = Ṭha |nextletter = Ḍha
|devacp = 0921 |devaimg = Devanagari dd.svg |bengcp = 09A1 |bengimg = Bengali Letter Dda.svg |gurucp = 0A21 |gujrcp = 0AA1 |oryacp = 0B21 |telucp = 0C21 |kndacp = 0CA1 |mlymcp = 0D21 |sinhcp = 0DA9 |laoocp = 0E91 |tibtcp = 0F4C |mymrcp = 100D |khmrcp = 178C |balicp = 1B1F |sylocp = A812 |phagcp = A86B |saurcp = A89E |javacp = A99D |chamcp = AA19

|kharcp = 10A1C |kthicp = 11099 |cakmcp = 11113 |mahjcp = 11160 |shrdcp = 1119D |khojcp = 11216 |sindcp = 112C8 |grancp = 11321 |tirhcp = 1149B |modicp = 1161A |takrcp = 11696


|multcp = 11292 |newacp = 1141C |dogrcp = 11816 |diakcp = 11918 |nandcp = 119BA |zanbcp = 11A16 |soyocp = 11A68 |bhkscp = 11C1A |gonmcp = 11D18 |gongcp = 11D82



|brahcp = 1101F |ashokaimg = Brahmi dd.svg |kushanaimg = Gupta ashoka dd.svg |guptaimg = Gupta ashoka dd.svg
|tochimg = Tocharian letter dda.gif |brahletname = Brahmi 'Ḍa'
|siddcp = 1159A |siddimg = Siddham dd.svg |siddletname = Siddhaṃ 'Ḍa'
|ipa = ɖ |ipa2=d̳|iast = ḍ |iscii = BF
}}

'''Ḍa''' (also romanized as '''Dda''') is a consonant of Indic abugidas. In modern Indic scripts, Dda is derived from the early "[[Ashoka]]" Brahmi letter [[Image:Brahmi dd.svg|13px|ng]] after having gone through the [[Gupta script|Gupta]] letter [[File:Gupta allahabad dd.svg|13px]]. As with the other [[cerebral consonant]]s, ''ḍa'' is not found in most scripts for [[Tai languages|Tai]], [[Sino-Tibetan languages|Sino-Tibetan]], and other non-[[Indic languages]], except for a few scripts, which retain these letters for transcribing [[Sanskrit]] religious terms.

==Āryabhaṭa numeration==

{{further|Āryabhaṭa numeration}}

[[Aryabhata]] used Devanagari letters for numbers, very similar to the [[Greek numerals]], even after the invention of [[Indian numerals]]. The values of the different forms of ठ are:<ref name="Ifrah">{{cite book|last=Ifrah|first=Georges|title=The Universal History of Numbers. From Prehistory to the Invention of the Computer|url=https://archive.org/details/universalhistory00ifra_411|url-access=limited|year=2000|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|location=New York|isbn=0-471-39340-1|pages=[https://archive.org/details/universalhistory00ifra_411/page/n468 447]–450}}</ref>
*ड {{IPA-hi|ɖə|}} = 13 (१३)
*डि {{IPA-hi|ɖɪ|}} = 1,300 (१ ३००)
*डु {{IPA-hi|ɖʊ|}} = 130,000 (१ ३० ०००)
*डृ {{IPA-hi|ɖri|}} = 13,000,000 (१ ३० ०० ०००)
*डॢ {{IPA-hi|ɖlə|}} = 1,300,000,000 (१ ३० ०० ०० ०००)
*डे {{IPA-hi|ɖe|}} = 13{{e|10}} (१३×१०१०)
*डै {{IPA-hi|ɖɛː|}} = 13{{e|12}} (१३×१०१२)
*डो {{IPA-hi|ɖoː|}} = 13{{e|14}} (१३×१०१४)
*डौ {{IPA-hi|ɖɔː|}} = 13{{e|16}} (१३×१०१६)

==Historic Dda==
There are three different general early historic scripts - [[Brahmi script|Brahmi]] and its variants, [[Kharosthi|Kharoṣṭhī]], and [[Tocharian alphabet|Tocharian]], the so-called ''slanting Brahmi''. Dda as found in standard [[Brahmi]], [[Image:Brahmi dd.svg|13px|Dda]] was a simple geometric shape, with variations toward more flowing forms by the Gupta [[Image:Gupta allahabad dd.svg|13px|Dda]]. The Tocharian Dda [[Image:Tocharian letter dda.gif|18px|Dda]] did not have an alterante [[Tocharian alphabet#Script|Fremdzeichen]] form. The third form of dda, in Kharoshthi ([[file:Буква DDА (незалежний знак). Письмо кхароштхі. Kharoshthi letter DDA.svg|15px|Dda]]) was probably derived from Aramaic separately from the Brahmi letter.

===Brahmi Dda===

The Brahmi letter [[Image:Brahmi dd.svg|13px|Dda]], Dda, is [[Brahmi script#origin|probably derived]] from the altered Aramaic [[Dalet]] [[File:Daleth.svg|13px]], and is thus related to the modern Latin [[D]] and Greek [[Delta (letter)|Delta]].<ref name="Buhler">{{cite web |last1=Bühler |first1=Georg |title=On the Origin of the Indian Brahmi Alphabet |url=https://archive.org/details/onoriginofindian00bhuoft/page/n3/mode/2up |website=archive.org |publisher=Karl J. Trübner |access-date=10 June 2020}}</ref> Several identifiable styles of writing the Brahmi Dda can be found, most associated with a specific set of inscriptions from an artifact or diverse records from an historic period.<ref>[[:File:Brahmi script consonants according to James Prinsep March 1838.jpg|Evolutionary chart]], Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal Vol 7, 1838 [https://archive.org/stream/journalofasiatic775asia#page/n101]</ref> As the earliest and most geometric style of Brahmi, the letters found on the [[Edicts of Ashoka]] and other records from around that time are normally the reference form for Brahmi letters, with vowel marks not attested until later forms of Brahmi back-formed to match the geometric writing style.

{|class="wikitable"
|+Brahmi Dda historic forms
|-
!Ashoka ([[Brahmi script#Early Brahmi or "Ashokan Brahmi" (3rd-1st century BCE)|3rd-1st c. BCE]]) !! Girnar (~150 BCE) !! Kushana ([[Brahmi script#Middle Brahmi or "Kushana Brahmi" (1st–3rd centuries CE)|~150-250 CE]]) !! Gujarat (~250 CE) !! Gupta ([[Gupta script|~350 CE]])
|-
| [[File:Brahmi dd.svg|37px]] || [[Image:Gupta girnar dd.svg|37px]] || [[Image:Gupta ashoka dd.svg|37px]] || [[Image:Gupta gujarat dd.svg|37px]] || [[Image:Gupta allahabad dd.svg|37px]]
|}

===Tocharian Dda===

The Tocharian letter [[Image:Tocharian letter dda.gif|25px|Dda]] is derived from the Brahmi [[Image:Brahmi dd.svg|13px|Dda]], but does not have an alternate Fremdzeichen form.

{|class="wikitable"
|+Tocharian Dda with vowel marks
|-
! Dda !! Ddā !! Ddi !! Ddī !! Ddu !! Ddū !! Ddr !! Ddr̄ !! Dde !! Ddai !! Ddo !! Ddau !! Ddä
|-
| [[File:Tocharian letter dda.gif|37px]] || [[File:Tocharian letter ddaa.gif|37px]] || [[File:Tocharian letter ddi.gif|37px]] || [[File:Tocharian letter ddii.gif|37px]] || [[File:Tocharian letter ddu.gif|37px]] || [[File:Tocharian letter dduu.gif|37px]] ||  ||  || [[File:Tocharian letter dde.gif|37px]] || [[File:Tocharian letter ddai.gif|37px]] || [[File:Tocharian letter ddo.gif|37px]] || [[File:Tocharian letter ddau.gif|37px]] || [[File:Tocharian letter ddä.gif|37px]]
|}

===Kharoṣṭhī Dda===

The Kharoṣṭhī letter [[file:Буква DDА (незалежний знак). Письмо кхароштхі. Kharoshthi letter DDA.svg|15px|Dda]] is generally accepted as being derived from the altered Aramaic [[Dalet]] [[File:Daleth.svg|13px]], and is thus related to [[D]] and [[Delta (letter)|Delta]], in addition to the Brahmi Dda.<ref name="Buhler"/>

==Devanagari Ḍa==

{{main|Devanagari dda}}
{{Devanagari abugida sidebar}}
'''Ḍa''' ('''ड''') is a consonant of the [[Devanagari]] [[abugida]]. It ultimately arose from the [[Brahmi]] letter [[Image:Brahmi dd.svg|13px|ka]], after having gone through the [[Gupta script|Gupta]] letter [[File:Gupta allahabad dd.svg|13px]]. Letters that derive from it are the [[Gujarati script|Gujarati]] letter '''ડ''', and the [[Modi alphabet|Modi]] letter 𑘚.

===Devanagari-using Languages===
In all languages, ड is pronounced as {{IPA-hi|ɖə|}} or {{IPAblink|ɖ}} when appropriate. Like all Indic scripts, Devanagari uses vowel marks attached to the base consonant to override the inherent /ə/ vowel:

{|class="wikitable"
|+ Devanagari ड with vowel marks
|-
! Ḍa !! Ḍā !! Ḍi !! Ḍī !! Ḍu !! Ḍū !! Ḍr !! Ḍr̄ !! Ḍl !! Ḍl̄ !! Ḍe !! Ḍai !! Ḍo !! Ḍau !! Ḍ
|-style="font-size: 150%;"
|ड
|डा
|डि
|डी
|डु
|डू
|डृ
|डॄ
|डॢ
|डॣ
|डे
|डै
|डो
|डौ
|ड्
|}



===Conjuncts with ड===
Devanagari exhibits conjunct ligatures, as is common in Indic scripts. In modern Devanagari texts, most conjuncts are formed by reducing the letter shape to fit tightly to the following letter, usually by dropping a character's vertical stem, sometimes referred to as a "half form". Some conjunct clusters are always represented by a true ligature, instead of a shape that can be broken into constituent independent letters. Vertically stacked conjuncts are ubiquitous in older texts, while only a few are still used routinely in modern Devanagari texts. Lacking a vertical stem to drop for making a half form, Ḍa either forms a stacked conjunct/ligature, or uses its full form with [[Virama]]. The use of ligatures and vertical conjuncts may vary across languages using the Devanagari script, with [[Marathi language|Marathi]] in particular avoiding their use where other languages would use them.<ref name="KNAB">{{cite web |last1=Pall |first1=Peeter |title=Microsoft Word - kblhi2 |url=https://www.eki.ee/knab/lat/kblhi2.pdf |website=Eesti Keele Instituudi kohanimeandmed |publisher=Eesti Keele Instituudi kohanimeandmed |access-date=19 June 2020}}</ref>

====Ligature conjuncts of ड====
True ligatures are quite rare in Indic scripts. The most common ligated conjuncts in Devanagari are in the form of a slight mutation to fit in context or as a consistent variant form appended to the adjacent characters. Those variants include [[Na (Indic)#Devanagari Na|Na]] and the [[Ra (Indic)#Devanagari Repha|Repha]] and [[Ra (Indic)#Devanagari Rakar|Rakar]] forms of Ra. [[Nepali language|Nepali]] and [[Marathi language|Marathi]] texts use the "eyelash" Ra half form [[Image:Devanagari Eyelash Ra.svg|15px|Ra]] for an initial "R" instead of repha.

* Repha र্ (r) + ड (ḍa) gives the ligature rḍa: {{ref|note|note}}
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct RDda.svg|100px]]
* Eyelash र্ (r) + ड (ḍa) gives the ligature rḍa:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct Eyelash RDda.svg|125px]]
* ड্ (ḍ) + rakar र (ra) gives the ligature ḍra:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct DdRa.svg|100px]]
* ड্ (ḍ) + य (ya) gives the ligature ḍya:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct DdYa.svg|100px]]

====Stacked conjuncts of ड====
Vertically stacked ligatures are the most common conjunct forms found in Devanagari text. Although the constituent characters may need to be stretched and moved slightly in order to stack neatly, stacked conjuncts can be broken down into recognizable base letters, or a letter and an otherwise standard ligature.

* ब্ (b) + ड (ḍa) gives the ligature bḍa:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct BDda.svg|100px]]
* भ্ (bʰ) + ड (ḍa) gives the ligature bʰḍa:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct BhDda.svg|100px]]
* च্ (c) + ड (ḍa) gives the ligature cḍa:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct CDda.svg|100px]]
* छ্ (cʰ) + ड (ḍa) gives the ligature cʰḍa:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct ChDda.svg|100px]]
* ड্ (ḍ) + ब (ba) gives the ligature ḍba:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct DdBa.svg|100px]]
* ड্ (ḍ) + भ (bʰa) gives the ligature ḍbʰa:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct DdBha.svg|100px]]
* ड্ (ḍ) + च (ca) gives the ligature ḍca:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct DdCa.svg|100px]]
* ड্ (ḍ) + छ (cʰa) gives the ligature ḍcʰa:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct DdCha.svg|100px]]
* ड্ (ḍ) + द (da) gives the ligature ḍda:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct DdDa.svg|100px]]
* द্ (d) + ड (ḍa) gives the ligature dḍa:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct DDda.svg|100px]]
* ड্ (ḍ) + ड (ḍa) gives the ligature ḍḍa:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct DdDda.svg|100px]]
* ड্ (ḍ) + ढ (ḍʱa) gives the ligature ḍḍʱa:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct DdDdha.svg|100px]]
* ड্ (ḍ) + ध (dʱa) gives the ligature ḍdʱa:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct DdDha.svg|100px]]
* ड্ (ḍ) + ग (ga) gives the ligature ḍga:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct DdGa.svg|100px]]
* ड্ (ḍ) + घ (ɡʱa) gives the ligature ḍɡʱa:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct DdGha.svg|100px]]
* ड্ (ḍ) + ह (ha) gives the ligature ḍha:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct DdHa.svg|100px]]
* ढ্ (ḍʱ) + ड (ḍa) gives the ligature ḍʱḍa:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct DdhDda.svg|100px]]
* ड্ (ḍ) + ज (ja) gives the ligature ḍja:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct DdJa.svg|100px]]
* ड্ (ḍ) + झ (jʰa) gives the ligature ḍjʰa:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct DdJha.svg|100px]]
* ड্ (ḍ) + ज্ (j) + ञ (ña) gives the ligature ḍjña:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct DdJNya.svg|100px]]
* ड্ (ḍ) + क (ka) gives the ligature ḍka:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct DdKa.svg|100px]]
* ड্ (ḍ) + ख (kʰa) gives the ligature ḍkʰa:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct DdKha.svg|100px]]
* ड্ (ḍ) + क্ (k) + ष (ṣa) gives the ligature ḍkṣa:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct DdKSsa.svg|100px]]
* ड্ (ḍ) + ल (la) gives the ligature ḍla:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct DdLa.svg|100px]]
* ड্ (ḍ) + ळ (ḷa) gives the ligature ḍḷa:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct DdLla.svg|100px]]
* ड্ (ḍ) + म (ma) gives the ligature ḍma:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct DdMa.svg|100px]]
* ड্ (ḍ) + न (na) gives the ligature ḍna:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct DdNa.svg|100px]]
* ड্ (ḍ) + ङ (ŋa) gives the ligature ḍŋa:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct DdNga.svg|100px]]
* ड্ (ḍ) + ण (ṇa) gives the ligature ḍṇa:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct DdNna.svg|100px]]
* ड্ (ḍ) + ञ (ña) gives the ligature ḍña:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct DdNya.svg|100px]]
* ड্ (ḍ) + प (pa) gives the ligature ḍpa:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct DdPa.svg|100px]]
* ड্ (ḍ) + फ (pʰa) gives the ligature ḍpʰa:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct DdPha.svg|100px]]
* ड্ (ḍ) + स (sa) gives the ligature ḍsa:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct DdSa.svg|100px]]
* ड্ (ḍ) + श (ʃa) gives the ligature ḍʃa:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct DdSha.svg|100px]]
* ड্ (ḍ) + ष (ṣa) gives the ligature ḍṣa:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct DdSsa.svg|100px]]
* ड্ (ḍ) + त (ta) gives the ligature ḍta:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct DdTa.svg|100px]]
* ड্ (ḍ) + थ (tʰa) gives the ligature ḍtʰa:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct DdTha.svg|100px]]
* ड্ (ḍ) + ट (ṭa) gives the ligature ḍṭa:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct DdTta.svg|100px]]
* ड্ (ḍ) + ठ (ṭʰa) gives the ligature ḍṭʰa:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct DdTtha.svg|100px]]
* ड্ (ḍ) + व (va) gives the ligature ḍva:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct DdVa.svg|100px]]
* ध্ (dʱ) + ड (ḍa) gives the ligature dʱḍa:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct DhDda.svg|100px]]
* घ্ (ɡʱ) + ड (ḍa) gives the ligature ɡʱḍa:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct GhDda.svg|100px]]
* ज্ (j) + ड (ḍa) gives the ligature jḍa:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct JDda.svg|100px]]
* झ্ (jʰ) + ड (ḍa) gives the ligature jʰḍa:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct JhDda.svg|100px]]
* क্ (k) + ड (ḍa) gives the ligature kḍa:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct KDda.svg|100px]]
* ख্ (kʰ) + ड (ḍa) gives the ligature kʰḍa:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct KhDda.svg|100px]]
* ळ্ (ḷ) + ड (ḍa) gives the ligature ḷḍa:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct LlDda.svg|100px]]
* म্ (m) + ड (ḍa) gives the ligature mḍa:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct MDda.svg|100px]]
* ङ্ (ŋ) + ड (ḍa) gives the ligature ŋḍa:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct NgDda.svg|100px]]
* प্ (p) + ड (ḍa) gives the ligature pḍa:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct PDda.svg|100px]]
* फ্ (pʰ) + ड (ḍa) gives the ligature pʰḍa:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct PhDda.svg|100px]]
* ष্ (ṣ) + ड (ḍa) gives the ligature ṣḍa:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct SsDda.svg|100px]]
* थ্ (tʰ) + ड (ḍa) gives the ligature tʰḍa:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct ThDda.svg|100px]]
* ट্ (ṭ) + ड (ḍa) gives the ligature ṭḍa:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct TtDda.svg|100px]]
* ठ্ (ṭʰ) + ड (ḍa) gives the ligature ṭʰḍa:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct TthDda.svg|100px]]
* व্ (v) + ड (ḍa) gives the ligature vḍa:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct VDda.svg|100px]]
* य্ (y) + ड (ḍa) gives the ligature yḍa:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct YDda.svg|100px]]

==Bengali Dda==

The Bengali script ড is derived from the [[Siddhaṃ]] [[Image:Siddham dd.svg|13px]], and is marked by a similar horizontal head line, but less geometric shape, than its Devanagari counterpart, ड. The inherent vowel of Bengali consonant letters is /ɔ/, so the bare letter ড will sometimes be transliterated as "ddo" instead of "dda". Adding okar, the "o" vowel mark, gives a reading of /d̳o/.

Like all Indic consonants, ড can be modified by marks to indicate another (or no) vowel than its inherent "a".

{|class="wikitable"
|+ Bengali ড with vowel marks
|-
! dda !! ddā !! ddi !! ddī !! ddu !! ddū !! ddr !! ddr̄ !! dde !! ddai !! ddo !! ddau !! dd
|-style="font-size: 150%;"
|ড
|ডা
|ডি
|ডী
|ডু
|ডূ
|ডৃ
|ডৄ
|ডে
|ডৈ
|ডো
|ডৌ
|ড্
|}

===ড in Bengali-using languages===

ড is used as a basic consonant character in all of the major Bengali script orthographies, including [[Bengali alphabet|Bengali]] and [[Assamese alphabet|Assamese]]. 

===Conjuncts with ড===

Bengali ড exhibits conjunct ligatures, as is common in Indic scripts, with a tendency towards stacked ligatures.<ref>{{cite web|title=The Bengali Alphabet|url=http://tesseractindic.googlecode.com/files/wb069conjuncts.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130928021705/http://tesseractindic.googlecode.com/files/wb069conjuncts.pdf|archive-date=2013-09-28}}</ref>

* ড্ (ḍ) + ড (ḍa) gives the ligature ḍḍa:
[[File:Bengali Conjunct DDdda.svg |100px]]
* ড্ (ḍ) + র (ra) gives the ligature ḍra, with the [[ra phala]] suffix:
[[File:Bengali Conjunct DDra.svg |100px]]
* ড্ (ḍ) + ব (va) gives the ligature ḍva, with the [[va phala]] suffix:
[[File:Bengali Conjunct DDva.svg |100px]]
* ড্ (ḍ) + য (ya) gives the ligature ḍya, with the [[ya phala]] suffix:
[[File:Bengali Conjunct DDya.svg |100px]]
* ল্ (l) + ড (ḍa) gives the ligature lḍa:
[[File:Bengali Conjunct Ldda.svg |100px]]
* ন্ (n) + ড (ḍa) gives the ligature nḍa:
[[File:Bengali Conjunct Ndda.svg |100px]]
* ন্ (n) + ড্ (ḍ) + র (ra) gives the ligature nḍra, with the ra phala suffix:
[[File:Bengali Conjunct Nddra.svg |100px]]
* ণ্ (ṇ) + ড (ḍa) gives the ligature ṇḍa:
[[File:Bengali Conjunct NNdda.svg |100px]]
* ণ্ (ṇ) + ড্ (ḍ) + র (ra) gives the ligature ṇḍra, with the ra phala suffix:
[[File:Bengali Conjunct NNddra.svg |100px]]
* ণ্ (ṇ) + ড্ (ḍ) + য (ya) gives the ligature ṇḍya, with the ya phala suffix:
[[File:Bengali Conjunct NNddya.svg |100px]]
* র্ (r) + ড (ḍa) gives the ligature rḍa, with the [[Ra (Indic)#Bengali Repha|repha]] prefix:
[[File:Bengali Conjunct Rdda.svg |100px]]

==Gujarati Ḍa==
[[File:Gujarati letter Dda.svg|thumb|right|100px|Gujarati Ḍa.]]
'''Ḍa''' ('''ડ''') is the thirteenth consonant of the [[Gujarati script|Gujarati]] [[abugida]]. It is derived from the Devanagari Ḍa [[Image:Devanagari dd.svg|13px|Dda]] with the top bar (shiro rekha) removed, and ultimately the [[Brahmi]] letter [[Image:Brahmi dd.svg|13px|Dda]].

===Gujarati-using Languages===
The Gujarati script is used to write the [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]] and [[Kutchi language|Kutchi]] languages. In both languages, ડ is pronounced as {{IPA-gu|ɖə|}} or {{IPAblink|ɖ}} when appropriate. Like all Indic scripts, Gujarati uses vowel marks attached to the base consonant to override the inherent /ə/ vowel:

{| class=wikitable style="width: 40em;"
|-
! style="width:6%;"| Ḍa !! style="width:7%;"| Ḍā !! style="width:6.5%;"| Ḍi !! style="width:7%;"| Ḍī !! style="width:4.5%;"| Ḍu !! style="width:5%;"| Ḍū !! style="width:4.5%;"| Ḍr !! style="width:5%;"| Ḍl !! style="width:5%;"| Ḍr̄ !! style="width:5%;"| Ḍl̄ !! style="width:4.5%;"| Ḍĕ !! style="width:4.5%;"| Ḍe !! style="width:5%;"| Ḍai !! style="width:7%;"| Ḍŏ !! style="width:7%;"| Ḍo !! style="width:6%;"| Ḍau !! style="width:7%;"| Ḍ
|- align="center"
| colspan=17 |[[File:Gujarati Dda Matras.svg|750px]]
|-
| colspan=17 |Gujarati Ḍa syllables, with vowel marks in red.
|}

===Conjuncts with ડ===
Gujarati ડ exhibits conjunct ligatures, much like its parent Devanagari Script. While most Gujarati conjuncts can only be formed by reducing the letter shape to create a "half form" that fits tightly to following letter, Ḍa does not have a half form. A few conjunct clusters can be represented by a true ligature, instead of a shape that can be broken into constituent independent letters, and vertically stacked conjuncts can also be found in Gujarati, although much less commonly than in Devanagari. Lacking a half form, Ḍa will normally use an explicit virama when forming conjuncts without a true ligature.

True ligatures are quite rare in Indic scripts. The most common ligated conjuncts in Gujarati are in the form of a slight mutation to fit in context or as a consistent variant form appended to the adjacent characters. Those variants include [[Na (Indic)#Gujarati Na|Na]] and the [[Ra (Indic)#Gujarati Repha|Repha]] and [[Ra (Indic)#Gujarati Rakar|Rakar]] forms of Ra.

* ર્ (r) + ડ (ɖa) gives the ligature RḌa:
[[File:Gujarati conjunct RDda.svg|100px]]

* ડ્ (ɖ) + ર (ra) gives the ligature ḌRa:
[[File:Gujarati conjunct DdRa.svg|100px]]

* ડ્ (ɖ) + ડ (ɖa) gives the ligature ḌḌa:
[[File:Gujarati conjunct DdDda.svg|100px]]

* ડ્ (ɖ) + ન (na) gives the ligature ḌNa:
[[File:Gujarati conjunct DdNa.svg|100px]]

* ડ્ (ɖ) + વ (va) gives the ligature ḌVa:
[[File:Gujarati conjunct DdVa.svg|100px]]

==Javanese Dda==
{{main|Dda (Javanese)}}

==Telugu Ḍa==
{{multiple image
| width = 100px
| image1 = Telugu letter Dda.svg
| alt1 = Telugu Ḍa
| image2 = Telugu subjoined Dda.svg
| alt2 = Telugu subjoined Ḍa
| footer = Telugu independent and subjoined Ḍa.
}}
'''Ḍa''' ('''డ''') is a consonant of the [[Telugu script|Telugu]] [[abugida]]. It ultimately arose from the [[Brahmi]] letter [[Image:Brahmi dd.svg|13px|Ḍ]]. It is closely related to the [[Kannada script|Kannada]] letter '''ಡ'''. Most Telugu consonants contain a v-shaped headstroke that is related to the horizontal headline found in other Indic scripts, although headstrokes do not connect adjacent letters in Telugu. The headstroke is normally lost when adding vowel matras.

Telugu conjuncts are created by reducing trailing letters to a subjoined form that appears below the initial consonant of the conjunct. Many subjoined forms are created by dropping their headline, with many extending the end of the stroke of the main letter body to form an extended tail reaching up to the right of the preceding consonant. This subjoining of trailing letters to create conjuncts is in contrast to the leading half forms of Devanagari and Bengali letters. Ligature conjuncts are not a feature in Telugu, with the only non-standard construction being an alternate subjoined form of [[Ṣa (Indic)#Telugu Ṣa|Ṣa]] (borrowed from [[Kannada script|Kannada]]) in the KṢa conjunct.

==Malayalam Ḍa==
[[File:Malayalam letter Dda.svg|thumb|100px|Malayalam letter Ḍa]]

'''Ḍa''' ('''ഡ''') is a consonant of the [[Malayalam script|Malayalam]] [[abugida]]. It ultimately arose from the [[Brahmi]] letter [[Image:Brahmi dd.svg|13px|Ḍ]], via the [[Grantha script|Grantha]] letter [[Image:Grantha letter Dda.svg|x15px|Ḍa]] ''Dda''. Like in other Indic scripts, Malayalam consonants have the inherent vowel "a", and take one of several modifying vowel signs to represent syllables with another vowel or no vowel at all.

[[File:Malayalam Dda matras.svg|thumb|center|550px|Malayalam Dda matras: Dda, Ddā, Ddi, Ddī, Ddu, Ddū, Ddr̥, Ddr̥̄, Ddl̥, Ddl̥̄, Dde, Ddē, Ddai, Ddo, Ddō, Ddau, and Dd.]]

===Conjuncts of ഡ===
As is common in Indic scripts, Malayalam joins letters together to form conjunct consonant clusters. There are several ways in which conjuncts are formed in Malayalam texts: using a post-base form of a trailing consonant placed under the initial consonant of a conjunct, a combined ligature of two or more consonants joined together, a conjoining form that appears as a combining mark on the rest of the conjunct, the use of an explicit [[candrakkala]] mark to suppress the inherent "a" vowel, or a special consonant form called a "chillu" letter, representing a bare consonant without the inherent "a" vowel. Texts written with the modern reformed Malayalam orthography, ''put̪iya lipi'', may favor more regular conjunct forms than older texts in ''paḻaya lipi'', due to [[Malayalam#Orthography reform|changes]] undertaken in the 1970s by the [[Government of Kerala]].

* ഡ് (ḍ) + ഡ (ḍa) gives the ligature ḍḍa:
[[File:Malayalam conjunct DdDda.svg]]
* ണ് (ṇ) + ഡ (ḍa) gives the ligature ṇḍa:
[[File:Malayalam conjunct NnDda.svg]]
* ഡ് (ḍ) + ഢ (ḍʱa) gives the ligature ḍḍʱa:
[[File:Malayalam conjunct DdDdha.svg]]

==Odia Ḍa==
{{multiple image
| width = 100px
| image1 = Odia letter Dda.svg
| alt1 = Odia independent letter Ḍa
| image2 = Odia subjoined Dda.svg
| alt2 = Odia subjoined letter Ḍa
| footer = Odia independent and subjoined letter Ḍa.
}}

'''Ḍa''' ('''ଡ''') is a consonant of the [[Odia script|Odia]] [[abugida]]. It ultimately arose from the [[Brahmi]] letter [[Image:Brahmi dd.svg|13px|Ḍ]], via the [[Siddhaṃ script|Siddhaṃ]] letter [[Image:Siddham dd.svg|x15px|Ḍa]] ''Dda''. Like in other Indic scripts, Odia consonants have the inherent vowel "a", and take one of several modifying vowel signs to represent syllables with another vowel or no vowel at all.

{| class=wikitable
|+ Odia Dda with vowel matras
|-
! Dda !! Ddā !! Ddi !! Ddī !! Ddu !! Ddū !! Ddr̥ !! Ddr̥̄ !! Ddl̥ !! Ddl̥̄ !! Dde !! Ddai !! Ddo !! Ddau !! Dd
|-
| {{big|ଡ}} || {{big|ଡା}} || {{big|ଡି}} || {{big|ଡୀ}} || {{big|ଡୁ}} || {{big|ଡୂ}} || {{big|ଡୃ}} || {{big|ଡୄ}} || {{big|ଡୢ}} || {{big|ଡୣ}} || {{big|ଡେ}} || {{big|ଡୈ}} || {{big|ଡୋ}} || {{big|ଡୌ}} || {{big|ଡ୍}}
|}

=== Conjuncts of ଡ ===
As is common in Indic scripts, Odia joins letters together to form conjunct consonant clusters. The most common conjunct formation is achieved by using a small subjoined form of trailing consonants. Most consonants' subjoined forms are identical to the full form, just reduced in size, although a few drop the curved headline or have a subjoined form not directly related to the full form of the consonant. The second type of conjunct formation is through pure ligatures, where the constituent consonants are written together in a single graphic form. This ligature may be recognizable as being a combination of two characters or it can have a conjunct ligature unrelated to its constituent characters.

* ଣ୍ (ṇ) + ଡ (ḍa) gives the ligature ṇḍa:
[[File:Odia conjunct NnDda.svg]]


==References==
{{reflist}}
::{{note|note|note}} Conjuncts are identified by [[IAST]] transliteration, except aspirated consonants are indicated with a superscript "h" to distinguish from an unaspirated cononant + [[Ha (Indic)|Ha]], and the use of the IPA "ŋ" and "ʃ" instead of the less dinstinctive "ṅ" and "ś".

{{Devanagari_abugida}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Dxa (Indic)}}
[[Category:Indic letters]]

Ḍa (Indic) - Revision history

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