AlizaHyder840 at 14:38, 29 March 2026

2026-03-29T14:38:50Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:08, 29 March 2026
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	{{short description\|Letter "Ī" in Indic scripts}}		{{short description\|Letter "Ī" in Indic scripts}}
	{{Infobox Indic letter \|letname = Ī		{{Infobox Indic letter \|letname = Ī
	\|bengcp = 0988 ~~\|bengimg = Bengali Letter Ii.svg~~		\|mainimg = Devanagari ई.svg
			\|bengcp = 0988
	\|tibtcp = 0F68;ཱ&#x0F72		\|tibtcp = 0F68;ཱ&#x0F72
	\|tamlcp = 0B88 ~~\|tamlimg = Tamil-alphabet-ஈஈ.svg~~		\|tamlcp = 0B88
	\|thaicp = 0E35		\|thaicp = 0E35
	\|mlymcp = 0D08		\|mlymcp = 0D08
	\|sinhcp = 0D8A		\|sinhcp = 0D8A
	\|brahcp = 11008 \|ashokaimg = Brahmi ii.svg		\|brahcp = 11008 \|ashokaimg = Brahmi ii.svg
	\|devacp = 0908 ~~\|devaimg = Devanagari ई.svg~~		\|devacp = 0908
	\| hbchar = ע		\| hbchar = ע
	\| grchar = Ο, Ω		\| grchar = Ο, Ω
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	The various Indic scripts are generally related to each other through adaptation and borrowing, and as such the glyphs for cognate letters, including Ī, are related as well.		The various Indic scripts are generally related to each other through adaptation and borrowing, and as such the glyphs for cognate letters, including Ī, are related as well.
	{{Indic glyph \|letname = Ī		{{Indic glyph \|letname = Ī
	\|devacp = 0908 ~~\|devaimg = Devanagari ई.svg~~		\|devacp = 0908
	\|bengcp = 0988 ~~\|bengimg = Bengali Letter Ii.svg~~		\|bengcp = 0988
	\|tamlcp = 0B88 ~~\|tamlimg = Tamil-alphabet-ஈஈ.svg~~		\|tamlcp = 0B88
	\|telucp = 0C08		\|telucp = 0C08
	\|oryacp = 0B08		\|oryacp = 0B08
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	Most Indic scripts are encoded in the [[Unicode Standard]], and as such the letter Ī in those scripts can be represented in plain text with unique codepoint. Ī from several modern-use scripts can also be found in legacy encodings, such as [[ISCII]].		Most Indic scripts are encoded in the [[Unicode Standard]], and as such the letter Ī in those scripts can be represented in plain text with unique codepoint. Ī from several modern-use scripts can also be found in legacy encodings, such as [[ISCII]].
	{{Indic encoding \|= Ī		{{Indic encoding \|= Ī
	\|devacp = 0908 ~~\|devaimg = Devanagari ई.svg~~		\|devacp = 0908
	\|bengcp = 0988 ~~\|bengimg = Bengali Letter Ii.svg~~		\|bengcp = 0988
	\|tamlcp = 0B88 ~~\|tamlimg = Tamil-alphabet-ஈஈ.svg~~		\|tamlcp = 0B88
	\|telucp = 0C08		\|telucp = 0C08
	\|oryacp = 0B08		\|oryacp = 0B08
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	\|nandcp = 119A3		\|nandcp = 119A3
	\|gongcp = 11D63		\|gongcp = 11D63
	\|kthiimg = Kaithi Ii.svg ~~\| kthicp = 11086~~		\|kthicp = 11086 \|kthiimg = Kaithi Ii.svg
	\|tirhcp = 11484		\|tirhcp = 11484
	<!-- \|mteicp = AAEB -- vowel mark -->		<!-- \|mteicp = AAEB -- vowel mark -->

MarkKapoor: minor edit

2025-05-12T20:53:52Z

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>Cewbot: Fix broken anchor: 2020-10-17T20:33:14Z #Middle Brahmi or "Kushana Brahmi" (1st-3rd centuries CE)→Brahmi script#Middle Brahmi or "Kushana Brahmi" (1st–3rd centuries CE)

2021-04-13T18:22:39Z

Fix broken anchor: 2020-10-17T20:33:14Z #Middle Brahmi or "Kushana Brahmi" (1st-3rd centuries CE)→Brahmi script#Middle Brahmi or "Kushana Brahmi" (1st–3rd centuries CE)

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{{Indic glyph |letname = Ī |previousletter = I |nextletter = U


|devacp = 0908 |deva2cp = 0940 |devaimg = Devanagari ii.svg |deva2img = Devanagari ii sign.png
|bengcp = 0988 |beng2cp = 09C0 |bengimg = Bengali Letter Ii.svg

|gurucp = 0A08 |gujrcp = 0A88 |oryacp = 0B08 |tamlcp = 0B88 |tamlimg = Tamil-alphabet-ஈஈ.svg
|guru2cp = 0A40 |gujr2cp = 0AC0 |orya2cp = 0B40 |taml2cp = 0BC0

|telucp = 0C08 |kndacp = 0C88 |mlymcp = 0D08
|telu2cp = 0C40 |knda2cp = 0CC0 |mlym2cp = 0D40

|sinhcp = 0D8A |thaicp = 0E35 |tibtcp = 0F71;&#x0F72 |mymrcp = 1024
|sinh2cp = 0DD3 |laoocp = 0EB5 |tibt2cp = 0F71;&#x0F80 |mymr2cp = 102E

|khmrcp = 17A6 |lanacp = 1A4E |balicp = 1B08 |saurcp = A885
|khmr2cp = 17B8 |talucp = 192B |lana2cp = 1A66 |bali2cp = 1B37 |saur2cp = A8B7

|javacp = A987
|java2cp = A9B7 |chamcp = AA2B |mteicp = AAEB

|kthicp = 11086 |shrdcp = 11186 |sindcp = 112B3 |grancp = 11308
|kthi2cp = 110B2 |cakmcp = 11129 |shrd2cp = 111B5 |khojcp = 1122E |sind2cp = 112E2 |gran2cp = 11340

|tirhcp = 11484 |siddcp = 11583 |modicp = 11603 |takrcp = 11683
|tirh2cp = 114B2 |sidd2cp = 115B1 |modi2cp = 11632 |takr2cp = 116AF

|brahcp = 11008 |ashokaimg = Brahmi ii.svg |brahletname = Brahmi 'Ii'
|brah2cp = 1103B |ashoka2img = Brahmi ii sign.svg |kushana2img = Kushana Brahmi ii sign.png |gupta2img = Gupta Brahmi ii sign.png |brah2letname = Brahmi 'Ii' sign

|tochimg = |toch2img =

|siddimg = Siddham ii.svg |siddletname = Siddhaṃ 'Ii'
|sidd2img = Siddham ii halfmark 1.svg |sidd2letname = Siddhaṃ 'Ii'

|ipa = iː |iast = Ī |iscii = A7 |iscii2 = DC


|newacp = 11403 |dogrcp = 11803 |diakcp = 11903 |nandcp = 119A3 |bhkscp = 11C03 |gonmcp = 11D03 |gongcp = 11D63
|newa2cp = 11437 |ahomcp = 11723 |dogr2cp = 1182E |diak2cp = 11932 |nand2cp = 119D3 |bhks2cp = 11C31 |gonm2cp = 11D33 |gong2cp = 11D8C


}}

'''Ī''' is a vowel of Indic abugidas. In modern Indic scripts, Ii is derived from the early "[[Ashoka]]" Brahmi letter [[Image:Brahmi ii.svg|13px|ng]]. As an Indic vowel, Ī comes in two normally distinct forms: 1) as an independent letter, and 2) as a vowel sign for modifying a base consonant. Bare consonants without a modifying vowel sign have the inherent "A" vowel.

==Āryabhaṭa numeration==

{{further|Āryabhaṭa numeration}}

[[Aryabhata]] used Devanagari letters for numbers, very similar to the [[Greek numerals]], even after the invention of [[Indian numerals]]. The ई sign  ी was used to modify a consonant's value {{e|2}}, but the vowel letter did not have an inherent value by itself.<ref name="Ifrah">{{cite book|last=Ifrah|first=Georges|title=The Universal History of Numbers. From Prehistory to the Invention of the Computer|year=2000|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|location=New York|isbn=0-471-39340-1|pages=447–450}}</ref>

==Historic Ī==
There are three different general early historic scripts - [[Brahmi script|Brahmi]] and its variants, [[Kharosthi|Kharoṣṭhī]], and [[Tocharian alphabet|Tocharian]], the so-called ''slanting Brahmi''. Ī as found in standard [[Brahmi]], [[Image:Brahmi ii.svg|13px|Ī]] was a simple geometric shape, with variations toward more flowing forms by the Gujarat [[Image:Gupta gujarat ii.svg|13px|Ii]]. Like all Brahmic scripts, Tocharian Ī [[Image:Tocharian letter ii.gif|18px|Ii]] has an accompanying vowel mark for modifying a base consonant. In Kharoṣṭhī, the only independent vowel letter is for the inherent A. All other independent vowels, including Ī are indicated with vowel marks added to the letter A.

===Brahmi Ii===

The Brahmi letter Ī [[Image:Brahmi ii.svg|13px|Ī]], is [[Brahmi script#origin|probably derived]] from the altered Aramaic [[Ayin]] [[File:Ayin.svg|13px]], and is thus related to the modern Latin [[O]] and Greek [[Omicron]].<ref name="Buhler">{{cite web |last1=Bühler |first1=Georg |title=On the Origin of the Indian Brahmi Alphabet |url=https://archive.org/details/onoriginofindian00bhuoft/page/n3/mode/2up |website=archive.org |publisher=Karl J. Trübner |accessdate=10 June 2020}}</ref> Several identifiable styles of writing the Brahmi Ī can be found, most associated with a specific set of inscriptions from an artifact or diverse records from an historic period.<ref>[[:File:Brahmi script consonants according to James Prinsep March 1838.jpg|Evolutionary chart]], Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal Vol 7, 1838 [https://archive.org/stream/journalofasiatic775asia#page/n101]</ref> As the earliest and most geometric style of Brahmi, the letters found on the [[Edicts of Ashoka]] and other records from around that time are normally the reference form for Brahmi letters, with vowel marks not attested until later forms of Brahmi back-formed to match the geometric writing style.

{|class="wikitable"
|+Brahmi Ī historic forms
|-
!Ashoka ([[Brahmi script#Early Brahmi or "Ashokan Brahmi" (3rd-1st century BCE)|3rd-1st c. BCE]]) !! Girnar (~150 BCE) !! Kushana ([[Brahmi script#Middle Brahmi or "Kushana Brahmi" (1st–3rd centuries CE)|~150-250 CE]]) !! Gujarat (~250 CE) !! Gupta ([[Gupta script|~350 CE]])
|-
| [[File:Brahmi ii.svg|37px]] || No sample || No sample || [[Image:Gupta gujarat ii.svg|37px]] || No sample
|}

===Tocharian Ī===

The Tocharian letter [[Image:Tocharian letter ii.gif|25px|Ii]] is derived from the Brahmi [[Image:Brahmi ii.svg|13px|Ii]]. Unlike some of the consonants, Tocharian vowels do not have a [[Tocharian alphabet#Script|Fremdzeichen]] form.

{|class="wikitable"
|+Tocharian consonants with Ī vowel mark
|-
! Kī !! Khī !! Gī !! Ghī !! Cī !! Chī !! Jī !! Jhī !! Nyī !! Ṭī !! Ṭhī !! Ḍī !! Ḍhī !! Ṇī
|-
| [[File:Tocharian letter kii.gif|37px]] || [[File:Tocharian letter khii.gif|37px]] || [[File:Tocharian letter gii.gif|37px]] || [[File:Tocharian letter ghii.gif|37px]] || [[File:Tocharian letter cii.gif|37px]] ||  || [[File:Tocharian letter jii.gif|37px]] || [[File:Tocharian letter jhii.gif|37px]] || [[File:Tocharian letter nyii.gif|37px]] || [[File:Tocharian letter ttii.gif|37px]] ||  || [[File:Tocharian letter ddii.gif|37px]] || [[File:Tocharian letter ddhii.gif|37px]] || [[File:Tocharian letter nnii.gif|37px]]
|-
! Tī !! Thī !! Dī !! Dhī !! Nī !! Pī !! Phī !! Bī !! Bhī !! Mī !! Yī !! Rī !! Lī !! Vī
|-
| [[File:Tocharian letter tii.gif|37px]] || [[File:Tocharian letter thii.gif|37px]] || [[File:Tocharian letter dii.gif|37px]] || [[File:Tocharian letter dhii.gif|37px]] || [[File:Tocharian letter nii.gif|37px]] || [[File:Tocharian letter pii.gif|37px]] || [[File:Tocharian letter phii.gif|37px]] || [[File:Tocharian letter bii.gif|37px]] || [[File:Tocharian letter bhii.gif|37px]] || [[File:Tocharian letter mii.gif|37px]] || [[File:Tocharian letter yii.gif|37px]] || [[File:Tocharian letter rii.gif|37px]] || [[File:Tocharian letter lii.gif|37px]] || [[File:Tocharian letter vii.gif|37px]]
|-
! Śī !! Ṣī !! Sī !! Hī
|-
| [[File:Tocharian letter shii.gif|37px]] || [[File:Tocharian letter ssii.gif|37px]] || [[File:Tocharian letter sii.gif|37px]] || [[File:Tocharian letter hii.gif|37px]]
|}

===Kharoṣṭhī Ī===

The Kharoṣṭhī letter Ī is indicated with the [[I (Indic)#Kharoṣṭhī I|I]] vowel mark [[File:Буква I (залежний знак). Письмо кхароштхі. Kharoshthi vowel sign I.svg|15px|Ii]]plus the vowel length mark [[File:Довгий голосний (залежний знак). Письмо кхароштхі. Kharosthi vowel length mark.svg|15px]]. As an independent vowel, Ī is indicated by adding the vowel marks to the independent vowel letter [[A (Indic)#Kharoṣṭhī A|A]] [[File:Буква А (незалежний знак). Письмо кхароштхі. Kharoshthi letter A.svg|15px|A]].

==Devanagari Ī==
{{main|Devanagari ii}}


{{multiple image
| width = 100px
| image1 = Devanagari ii.svg
| alt1 = Ī vowel
| image2 = Devanagari ii sign.png
| alt2 = Ī vowel sign
| footer = Devanagari independent Ī and Ī vowel sign.
}}
'''Ī''' ('''ई''') is a vowel of the [[Devanagari]] [[abugida]]. It ultimately arose from the [[Brahmi]] letter [[Image:Brahmi ii.svg|13px|Ī]]. Letters that derive from it are the [[Gujarati script|Gujarati]] letter '''ઈ''', and the [[Modi alphabet|Modi]] letter 𑘃.

===Devanagari Using Languages===
The Devanagari script is used to write the [[Hindi language]], [[Sanskrit]] and the majority of [[Indic languages]]. In most of these languages, ई is pronounced as {{IPA-hi|ī|}}. Like all Indic scripts, Devanagari vowels come in two forms: an independent vowel form for syllables that begin with a vowel sound, and a vowel sign attached to base consonant to override the inherent /ə/ vowel. 

==Bengali Ī==
{{main|ii (Bengali)}}
{{multiple image
| width = 100px
| image1 = Bengali Letter {{#if:ii|{{#invoke:string2|title|ii}}}}.svg
| alt1 = Ī vowel
| image2 = Bengali {{#if:ii|{{#invoke:string2|title|ii}}}} vowel sign.svg
| alt2 = Ī vowel sign
| footer = Bengali independent Ī and Ī vowel sign.
}}

'''Ī''' ('''ঈ''') is a vowel of the [[Bengali script|Bengali]] [[abugida]]. It is derived from the [[Siddhaṃ]] letter [[Image:Siddham ii.svg|13px|Ī]], and is marked by a similar horizontal head line, but less geometric shape, than its Devanagari counterpart, ई.

===Bengali Script Using Languages===
The Bengali script is used to write several languages of eastern India, notably the [[Bengali language]] and [[Assamese language|Assamese]]. In most languages, ঈ is pronounced as {{IPA-bn|ī|}}. Like all Indic scripts, Bengali vowels come in two forms: an independent vowel form for syllables that begin with a vowel sound, and a vowel sign attached to base consonant to override the inherent /ɔ/ vowel. 

==Gujarati Ī==
{{multiple image
| width = 100px
| image1 = Gujarati vowel Ii.svg
| alt1 = Ī vowel
| image2 = Gujarati vowel sign Ii.svg
| alt2 = Ī vowel sign
| footer = Gujarati independent Ī and Ī vowel sign.
}}
'''Ī''' ('''ઈ''') is a vowel of the [[Gujarati script|Gujarati]] [[abugida]]. It is derived from the Devanagari Ī [[Image:Devanagari ii.svg|13px|ii]], and ultimately the [[Brahmi]] letter [[Image:Brahmi ii.svg|13px|ii]].

===Gujarati-using Languages===
The Gujarati script is used to write the [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]] and [[Kutchi language|Kutchi]] languages. In both languages, ઈ is pronounced as {{IPA-gu|ī|}}. Like all Indic scripts, Gujarati vowels come in two forms: an independent vowel form for syllables that begin with a vowel sound, and a vowel sign attached to base consonant to override the inherent /ə/ vowel. In addition to the standard vowel sign, Ī forms a unique ligature when combined with the consonant J:

* જ (j) + ઈ (ī) gives the ligature jī:
[[File:Gujarati letter Jii.svg|100px]]

==Javanese Ī==
{{main|Ii (Javanese)}}

==Telugu Ī==
{{multiple image
| width = 100px
| image1 = Telugu vowel Ii.svg
| alt1 = Telugu independent vowel Ī
| image2 = Telugu Ii vowel sign.svg
| alt2 = Telugu vowel sign Ī
| footer = Telugu independent vowel and vowel sign Ī.
}}
'''Ī''' ('''ఈ''') is a vowel of the [[Telugu script|Telugu]] [[abugida]]. It ultimately arose from the [[Brahmi]] letter [[Image:Brahmi ii.svg|13px|Ī]]. It is closely related to the [[Kannada script|Kannada]] letter '''ಈ'''. Like in other Indic scripts, Telugu vowels have two forms: and independent letter for word and syllable-initial vowel sounds, and a vowel sign for changing the inherent "a" of Telugu consonant letters. Vowel signs in Telugu can interact with a base consonant in one of three ways: 1) the vowel sign touches or sits adjacent to the base consonant without modifying the shape of either 2) the vowel sign sits directly above the consonant, replacing its v-shaped headline, 3) the vowel sign and consonant interact, forming a ligature.

[[File:Telugu Ii matra.svg|thumb|center|550px|Telugu Ī vowel sign on క, ఖ, గ, ఘ & ఙ: Kī, Khī, Gī, Ghī and Ngī. Note that how the vowel sign interacts with the base consonant is dependent on the location of the headline, the absence of a headline, and the presence of a tail to attach to.]]

==Malayalam Ī==
{{multiple image
| width = 100px
| image1 = Malayalam vowel Ii.svg
| alt1 = Malayalam independent vowel Ī
| image2 = Malayalam vowel sign Ii.svg
| alt2 = Malayalam vowel sign Ī
| footer = Malayalam independent vowel and vowel sign Ī.
}}
'''Ī''' ('''ഈ''') is a vowel of the [[Malayalam script|Malayalam]] [[abugida]]. It ultimately arose from the [[Brahmi]] letter [[Image:Brahmi ii.svg|13px|Ī]], via the [[Grantha script|Grantha]] letter [[Image:Grantha vowel Ii.svg|x15px|Ī]] ''ii''. Like in other Indic scripts, Malayalam vowels have two forms: an independent letter for word and syllable-initial vowel sounds, and a vowel sign for changing the inherent "a" of consonant letters. Vowel signs in Malayalam usually sit adjacent to its base consonant - below, to the left, right, or both left and right, but are always pronounced after the consonant sound.

==Odia Ī==
{{multiple image
| width = 100px
| image1 = Odia vowel ii.svg
| alt1 = Odia independent vowel Ī
| image2 = Odia vowel sign ii.svg
| alt2 = Odia vowel sign Ī
| footer = Odia independent vowel and vowel sign Ī.
}}
'''Ī''' ('''ଈ''') is a vowel of the [[Odia script|Odia]] [[abugida]]. It ultimately arose from the [[Brahmi]] letter [[Image:Brahmi ii.svg|13px|Ī]], via the [[Siddhaṃ script|Siddhaṃ]] letter [[Image:Siddham ii.svg|x15px|Ī]] ''ii''. Like in other Indic scripts, Odia vowels have two forms: an independent letter for word and syllable-initial vowel sounds, and a vowel sign for changing the inherent "a" of consonant letters. Vowel signs in Odia usually sit adjacent to its base consonant - below, to the left, right, or both left and right, but are always pronounced after the consonant sound. No base consonants are altered in form when adding a vowel sign, and there are no consonant+vowel ligatures in Odia.


{{clear}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Devanagari_abugida}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ii (Indic)}}
[[Category:Indic letters]]

Ī (Indic) - Revision history

AlizaHyder840 at 14:38, 29 March 2026

MarkKapoor: minor edit

UpdateBot: robot: Update article (please report if you notice any mistake or error in this edit)

>Cewbot: Fix broken anchor: 2020-10-17T20:33:14Z #Middle Brahmi or "Kushana Brahmi" (1st-3rd centuries CE)→Brahmi script#Middle Brahmi or "Kushana Brahmi" (1st–3rd centuries CE)