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<p><b>New page</b></p><div>'''Étienne de la Croix''' (Diocese of [[Évreux]], 1579–1643), was a French [[Jesuit]], [[Christian missionary|missionary]] to India and author of a life of St Peter in [[Marathi language|Marathi]]: ''Discurso sobre a vida do Apostolo Sam Pedro em que se refuta os principaes erros do gentilismo'' (Goa, 1629).<ref>Copies at the Central Library, Panjim, Goa (defective and incomplete), and the Biblioteca Nacional, Lisbon (complete). Microfilm available with Marathi Samshodhan Mandala, Mumbai 400 005.</ref><ref>The Rhetorical Emergence of Culture - Page 214 Christian Meyer, Felix Girke - 2011 "One is Étienne de la Croix (1579–1643), the French Jesuit who preceded Stephens as the rector of the Jesuit college in Rachol, Goa. He composed a Discourso Sobre a Vida do Apostolo Sam Pedro, also written in the Marāthi ovī verse form, ..."</ref><ref>[[François Pyrard]] ''Voyage de Pyrard de Laval aux Indes orientales'' Volume 2 1998 - Page 935 "Étienne de la Croix : né en 1579 à St Pierre-de-Bogerat dans l'Eure, il partit pour Goa en 1602 où il enseigna la philosophie et la théologie à Salcete. Il apprit le konkani et le maratthi et rédigea plusieurs ouvrages en ces langues.."</ref><br />
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==Biography==<br />
De la Croix entered the [[Society of Jesus]] in 1599, and arrived in [[India]] in 1602. He succeeded the English Jesuit [[Thomas Stephens (Jesuit)|Thomas Stephens]] as Rector of the College at [[Rachol]]. He seems to have made a study of the [[Puranas|Hindu Puranas]] and religious beliefs. A list of references given in his works shows that he used at least 26 Hindu ''puranas'' in the composition of his own ''purana''.<ref>Meyer and Girke 216.</ref> His ''Peter Purana'', as it is popularly known, consisted of 12,000 ovis (verses) in a [[Marathi language|Marathi]] that contained a significant number of [[Konkani]] words and expressions.<ref>M. Saradesaya, ''A History of Konkani Literature: From 1500 to 1992'' (New Delhi: Sahitya Akademi, 2000) 49.</ref> He also wrote in [[Konkani language]], though none of these works survive, according to [[Alexandre Rhodes]], writing in 1621.<ref>cited by Saradesaya 49-50. Pereira 90.</ref><br />
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In contrast to Thomas Stephens' [[Krista Purana|''Khristapurana'']], the ''Peter Purana'' is far more polemical.<br />
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==References==<br />
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===Bibliography===<br />
*''Discursos sobre a vida do Apostolo Sam Pedro em que se refuta os principaes erros do gentilismo deste oriente: e se declarao varios misterios da nossa santa Fe: com varia Doutrina Vtil e necessaria a esta noua Christandade. Compostos em versos em lingoa Bramana Marasta pelo Padre Estevao da Cruz da Com., Frances. Empressos em Goa na Casa Professa de Jesus com licenca da Sancta Inquisicao e ordinario e dos superiores. Anno de nascimento de Christo Senhor Nosso de 1634''. Goa, 1629-1634. 2 vols. in folio. Vol 1: 10 preliminary leaves - 358 numbered leaves of text. Vol. 2: 283 leaves. Biblioteca Nacional, Lisbon: complete. Central Library, Panjim, Goa: defective and incomplete. Microfilm available with Marathi Samshodhan Mandala, Mumbai 400 005.<br />
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===Secondary===<br />
*[[Anant Priolkar|Priolkar, A.K.]] "French Author of a Marathi Purana, Fr Etienne de la Croix." ''Journal of the University of Bombay'' n.s. 29/2 (1959) 122-149.<br />
*Priolkar, A.K. ''Goa Re-discovered''. Bhakta Books International, 1967.<br />
*Priolkar, A.K. ''The printing press in India: its beginnings and early development, being a quatercentenary commemoration study of the advent of printing in India in 1556.'' Bombay: Marathi Samshodhana Mandala, 1958.<br />
*Meyer, Christian and Felix Girke. ''The Rhetorical Emergence of Culture.'' Berghahn Books, 2011.<br />
*Saradesaya, Manohara. ''A History of Konkani Literature: From 1500 to 1992.'' New Delhi: Sahitya Akademi, 2000. See esp. pp.&nbsp;49ff.<br />
*Pereira, Antonio. ''The makers of Konkani literature.'' A. Pereira, 1982.<br />
*Thekkedath, Joseph. ''History of Christianity in India: From the middle of the sixteenth to the end of the seventeenth century, 1542-1700.'' Volume 2 of History of Christianity in India. Bangalore: Theological Publications in India, for the Church History Association of India, 1982.<br />
*''Boletim do Instituto Vasco da Gama'' 30 (1936) 72-74.<br />
*''Boletim do Instituto Vasco da Gama'' 32 (1936) 57-60.<br />
*''Boletim do Instituto Vasco da Gama'' 37 (1938) 121.<br />
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{{DEFAULTSORT:La Croix, Etienne De}}<br />
[[Category:1579 births]]<br />
[[Category:1643 deaths]]<br />
[[Category:Indian Jesuits]]<br />
[[Category:17th-century French Jesuits]]<br />
[[Category:French Roman Catholic missionaries]]<br />
[[Category:Roman Catholic missionaries in India]]<br />
[[Category:French expatriates in India]]<br />
[[Category:Jesuit missionaries]]</div>>Ser Amantio di Nicolao