Editing Kalleshwara Temple, Hire Hadagali

{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name                    = Kalleshwara Temple
| other_name              = 
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| settlement_type         = Village
| image_skyline           = Kalleshvara temple (1057 AD) at Hire Hadagali.JPG 
| image_alt               = 
| image_caption           = Kalleshwara temple (1057 A.D.) at Hire Hadagali in [[Bellary district]]
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| coordinates             = {{coord|14|55|31|N|75|49|52|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type        = Country
| subdivision_name        = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1       = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1       = [[Karnataka]]
| subdivision_type2       = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2       = [[Bellary district]]
| subdivision_type3       = [[Taluks of Karnataka|Taluk]]
| subdivision_name3       = [[Hoovina Hadagali]]
| subdivision_type4       = [[List of Constituencies of the Lok Sabha|Lok Sabha Constituency]]
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| population_as_of        = 2001
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| demographics_type1      = Languages
| demographics1_title1    = Official
| demographics1_info1     = [[Kannada]]
| timezone1               = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
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}}

The '''Kalleshwara''' temple (also spelt '''Kalleshvara''' or '''Kallesvara''') is located in the town of Hire Hadagali of the [[Hoovina Hadagali]]taluk in [[Bellary district]] of [[Karnataka]] state, [[India]].

==Kalleshwara Temple==
The temple was constructed by Demarasa, prime minister (or ''mahamatya'') to [[Western Chalukya Empire]] King [[Someshvara I]] (who had the honorific ''Trailokya Malladeva'' or "Lord of three worlds"), who reigned from 1042–1068 CE.<ref name="hadagali">{{cite web |url=http://asibengalurucircle.org/bellary-10.html|title=Kalleswara Swamy Temple|work=Archaeological Survey of India, Bengaluru Circle |publisher=ASI Bengaluru Circle|access-date=10 July 2012}}</ref> Art historian [[Adam Hardy]] refers to the temple as '''Kattesvara''' and classifies it as a "close to mainstream" [[Western Chalukya architecture]] (also called Later or Kalyani Chalukya), with the tower over the shrine being a later day re-construction. The basic material used for the original construction is [[soapstone]].<ref name="mainstream">Hardy (1995), p331</ref>

According to art historian Ajay Sinha, an old Kannada inscription (c. 1057) at the temple calls it '''Bhimesvara-Demesvara'''. The inscription gives information about the genealogy of the Chalukya dynasty and refers to Vikramaditya VI as a ''kumara'' (prince). Another old Kannada inscription (c. 1108) from the rule of Vikramaditya VI gives further details about the consecration of the temple by Udayaditya under the orders of Demarasa.<ref name="prince">Sinha (2000), p163</ref><ref name="inscription1">{{cite book|last=Sastry & Rao| first=Shama & Lakshminarayan|title=South Indian Inscription, Volume IX: Kannada Inscriptions from Madras Presidency| chapter=Miscellaneous Inscriptions, Part 1, Chalukyas of Kalyani, no. 118|chapter-url= http://www.whatisindia.com/inscriptions/south_indian_inscriptions/volume_9/chalukyas_of_kalyani_117.html|publisher=Archaeological Survey of India|location=New Delhi|access-date=2013-04-20}}</ref> A third poetic Kannada inscription (c. 1212) on the premises belongs to the rule of Hoysala King [[Veera Ballala II]].<ref name="inscription2">{{cite book|last=Sastry & Rao| first=Shama & Lakshminarayan|title=South Indian Inscription, Volume IX: Kannada Inscriptions from Madras Presidency| chapter=Miscellaneous Inscriptions, Part1, Hoysalas, no. 330|chapter-url=http://www.whatisindia.com/inscriptions/south_indian_inscriptions/volume_9/hoysalas.html|publisher=Archaeological Survey of India|location=New Delhi|access-date=2013-04-20}}</ref> The temple is protected as a monument of national importance by the [[Archaeological Survey of India]].<ref name="protected">{{cite web |url=http://asi.nic.in/asi_monu_alphalist_karnataka_bangalore.asp|title=Alphabetical List of Monuments - Karnataka -Bangalore, Bangalore Circle, Karnataka|work=Archaeological Survey of India, Government of India|publisher=Indira Gandhi National Center for the Arts|access-date=10 July 2012}}</ref>

== Temple plan ==
[[File:Ornate porch entrance into Kalleshvara temple at Hire Hadagali.JPG|thumb|upright|Ornate porch entrance into Kalleshvara temple at Hire Hadagali]]
The temple is two shrined (''dvikuta'', though only one shrine has a superstructure or ''[[shikhara]]''),<ref name="kuta">Foekema (1996), p25</ref> each with a sanctum (''[[garbhagriha]]'') and a [[Vestibule (architecture)|vestibule]] (''[[antarala]]'') that connects to a common four pillared closed hall (''navaranga'' or ''sabha[[mantapa]]'', ''lit'' meaning "gathering hall"). In the original plan, a large "main hall" (''mukhamantapa'') existed, connecting the closed hall to the outside of the temple, form the southern direction. Outside the main temple complex, an open hall (called ''nandimantapa'') containing a sculpture of [[Nandi (bull)|Nandi]] (the bull, a companion of the god Shiva) has been converted into a shrine.<ref name="hadagali"/>

The decorativeness of the outer walls of the main shrine and its closed hall exemplify Chalukyan art. Projections and recesses with niches have been created and used skillfully to accommodate [[pilaster]]s whose niches contains Hindu deities in relief, depicting the gods [[Indra]], [[Shiva]], his consort [[Parvati]], [[Lakshmi]] and others.<ref name="hadagali"/>  The doorway to the vestibule has artistic carvings of ''[[dvarapala]]s'' (door keepers), the goddess of love [[Rati]], and god of love [[Manmatha]]. The door [[lintel]] (''lalata'') has an image of [[Gajalakshmi]] ([[Lakshmi]] flanked by elephants on either side). The [[eaves]] over the door has fine images of the Hindu deities [[Brahma]], [[Keshava]] (a form of [[Vishnu]]) and Shiva.<ref name="hadagali"/> According to Sinha, the exuberance of sculptural articulation seen here is actually a southern Karnataka Hoysala influence on Chalukyan architecture.<ref name="prince"/>

==See also==
* [[Kalleshvara Temple, Ambali]]
* [[Kalleshvara Temple, Bagali]]

== Notes ==
{{reflist|1}}

==Gallery==
<gallery>
File:Open mantapa (hall) in Kalleshvara temple at Hire Hadagali.JPG|''Navaranga'' (closed ''mantapa'' or hall) facing a shrine in Kalleshwara temple, Hire Hadagali
File:Shrine and tower (vimana) of Kalleshvara temple at Hire Hadagali.JPG|''[[Vesara]]'' tower in Kalleshwara temple at Hire Hadagali
File:Profile of shrine and porch in Kalleshvara temple at Hire Hadagali.JPG|Profile of shrine, and porch with decorative half pillar in Kalleshwara temple, Hire Hadagali
File:Shrine wall relief in Kalleshvara temple at Hire Hadagali.JPG|Shrine wall relief carvings in Kalleshwara temple, Hire Hadagali
File:Ganesh sculpture in Kalleshvara temple at Hire Hadagali.JPG|A sculpture of Hindu deity [[Ganesha]] in Kalleshwara temple, Hire Hadagali
File:Old Kannada inscription (c.1108) in Kalleshvara temple at Hire Hadagali.jpg|Old Kannada inscription dated 1108 A.D. from the rule of Vikramaditya VI gives details about the construction of the temple
File:Old Kannada inscription (1212 AD) in Kalleshvara temple at Hire Hadagali.jpg|Old [[Kannada]] inscription (1212 A.D) of Hoysala King Veera Ballala II at Kalleshvara temple

File:Nandimantapa (bull's hall) in Kalleshvara temple at Hire Hadagali.JPG|Nandimantapa (hall for Nandi the bull) in Kalleshvara temple at Hire Hadagali
</gallery>

== References ==
{{commons category}}
*{{cite web |url=http://asibengalurucircle.org/bellary-10.html|title=Kalleswara Swamy Temple|work=Archaeological Survey of India, Bengaluru Circle |publisher=ASI Bengaluru Circle|access-date=10 July 2012}}
*Gerard Foekema, A Complete Guide to Hoysala Temples, Abhinav, 1996 {{ISBN|81-7017-345-0}}
*Adam Hardy, Indian Temple Architecture: Form and Transformation : the Karṇāṭa Drāviḍa Tradition, 7th to 13th Centuries, Abhinav, 1995, New Delhi, {{ISBN|81-7017-312-4}}.
* Ajay J Sinha, Imagining architects: creativity in the religious monuments of India,University of Delaware Press, 2000, Cranbury, New Jersey,  {{ISBN|978-0-87413-684-5}}

{{Settlements in Bellary district}}
{{Historical places of Chalukyas}}
{{Hindu temples in Karnataka}}

[[Category:Villages in Bellary district]]
[[Category:Western Chalukya Empire]]
[[Category:Chalukya dynasty]]
[[Category:Hindu temples in Bellary district]]
[[Category:Shiva temples in Karnataka]]
[[Category:11th-century Hindu temples]]