Editing Indian Army during World War I (section)

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{{See also|Ghadar Mutiny|Hindu–German Conspiracy|Hindu–German Conspiracy Trial|Lahore Conspiracy Case trial|Silk Letter Movement|Provisional Government of India|British counter-intelligence against the Indian revolutionary movement during World War I|Indian Political Intelligence Office|Defence of India Act 1915|Ingress into India Ordinance, 1914|Rowlatt Committee}}
Before World War I, the Indian Army was deployed maintaining internal security and defending the North West Frontier against incursions from Afghanistan. These tasks did not end with the declaration of war. The divisions deployed along the frontier were the existing [[1st (Peshawar) Division]], the [[2nd (Rawalpindi) Division]], the [[4th (Quetta) Division]].<ref name=su9/>  The only war-formed division to serve in India was the [[16th Indian Division]] formed in 1916, it was also stationed on the North West Frontier.<ref name=su9/>{{efn|The [[3rd Lahore Divisional Area|3rd Lahore]],<ref name=Perry55>{{harvnb|Perry|1993|p=55}}</ref> [[6th Poona Divisional Area|6th Poona]],<ref name=Perry82>{{harvnb|Perry|1993|p=82}}</ref> and [[7th Meerut Divisional Area]]s<ref name=Perry97>{{harvnb|Perry|1993|p=97}}</ref> also remained in India throughout the war.}} All these divisions were still in place and took part in the [[Third Afghan War]] at the end of World War I.<ref name=su9/>

In supporting the war effort, India was left vulnerable to hostile action from Afghanistan. A [[Niedermayer-Hentig Expedition|Turco-German mission]] arrived in [[Kabul]] in October 1915, with obvious strategic purpose. [[Habibullah Khan]] abided by his treaty obligations and maintained Afghanistan's neutrality, in the face of internal opposition from factions keen to side with the [[Ottoman Sultan]].<ref>''The Third Afghan War 1919 Official Account'', p.11</ref> Despite this, localised actions along the frontier still took place and included [[Operations in the Tochi]] (1914–15), [[Operations against the Mohmands, Bunerwals and Swatis]] (1915), Kalat Operations (1915–16), [[Mohmand Blockade]] (1916–17), [[Operations against the Mahsuds (1917)|Operations against the Mahsuds]] (1917) and [[Operations against the Marri and Khetran tribes]] (1918).<ref>Riddick, pp.96–100</ref>

On the North East Frontier between India and Burma punitive actions were carried out against the [[Jingpo people|Kachins tribes]] between December 1914 – February 1915, by the Burma Military Police supported by the 1/[[7th Gurkha Rifles]] and the [[64th Pioneers]].<ref>{{London Gazette|issue= 29652|page=6699 |supp=y|date=4 July 1916}}</ref> Between November 1917 – March 1919, operations were carried out against the [[Kuki people|Kuki tribes]] by auxiliary units of the [[Assam Rifles]] and the Burma Military Police (BMP).<ref>Reid, p.120</ref>

The other divisions remaining in India at first on internal security and then as training divisions were the [[5th (Mhow) Division]], the [[8th (Lucknow) Division]] and the [[9th (Secunderabad) Division]].<ref name=su9/> Over the course of the war these divisions lost brigades to other formations on active service; The 5th (Mhow) Division lost the [[5th (Mhow) Cavalry Brigade]] to the [[2nd Indian Cavalry Division]]. The 8th (Lucknow) Division lost the [[8th (Lucknow) Cavalry Brigade]] to the [[1st Indian Cavalry Division]] and the [[22nd (Lucknow) Brigade]] to the [[11th Indian Division]]. The 9th (Secunderabad) Division lost the [[9th (Secunderabad) Cavalry Brigade]] to the 2nd Indian Cavalry Division and the [[27th (Bangalore) Brigade]] which was sent to [[British East Africa]].<ref name=su9>Sumner, p.9</ref> The other pre war units the Burma Division, remained in [[Burma]] throughout the war on internal security duties, likewise the Aden brigade remained in Aden.<ref name=su9/>