Bharatpedia - User contributions [en]

81 Medium Regiment (India)

2023-10-04T09:19:12Z

Zoyahssn: Page created

{{Infobox military unit
|unit_name=81 Medium Regiment
|image=
|caption=
|dates= 1961 – present
|country={{flag icon|India}} [[India]]
|allegiance=India
|branch= [[File:Flag of Indian Army.svg|24px]] [[Indian Army]]
|type= [[File:Regiment of Artillery Insignia (India).svg|20px]] [[Artillery]]
|role=
|size= Regiment
|command_structure=
|equipment=

|Past Commanders=
|ceremonial_chief=
|colonel_of_the_regiment=
|notable_commanders=

|identification_symbol=81 Med Regt
|identification_symbol_label=Abbreviation

|nickname=''The Mighty One''
|patron=
|motto= Sarvatra, Izzat-O-Iqbal (Everywhere with Honour and Glory)
|colors= Red & Navy Blue
|march=
|mascot=
|battles=
|anniversaries=1 March – Raising Day
|decorations=
|battle_honours=
}}
'''81 Medium Regiment''' is part of the [[Regiment of Artillery (India)|Regiment of Artillery]] of the [[Indian Army]].
== Formation and history==
The regiment was raised on 1 March 1961 at [[Jalandhar Cantonment]], Punjab as '''81 Heavy Mortar Regiment'''. The first commanding officer was Lieutenant Colonel (later Brigadier) Sreedharman Singh {{small|[[Vir Chakra|VrC]]}}.<ref name="81FdAPOcover">{{cite web|url= https://samsshopping.com/product/81-field-regiment/|title=81 Field Regiment Golden Jubilee APO postal cover|date=2011-03-01|access-date=2023-10-03}}</ref> The regiment was subsequently converted to a field regiment and is now a medium regiment. The regiment consists of 147, 148 and 149 medium batteries.
==Operations==
The regiment has taken part in the following operations<ref name="81FdAPOcover"/> –
*[[Indo-Pakistani War of 1965]] – The regiment took part in Operation Riddle. It lost one officer and four [[Other ranks (UK)|other ranks]] during the war.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bharat-rakshak.com/amarjawan/index.php?qname=&qwar=1965%20India%20Pakistan%20War&cur=0&qunit=81%20Field%20Regiment&qnum=&qregt=Regiment%20Of%20Artillery&qdate=|title=Amar-Jawan - A database of Indian Armed Forces Martyrs 1947-1997, 1965 war|access-date=2023-10-03}}</ref>
*[[Indo-Pakistani War of 1971]] – 81 Field Regiment took part in Operation Cactus Lily and fought valiantly in [[Battle of Chumb|Battle of Chhamb]]. It was part of the divisional artillery of [[10th Indian Infantry Division|10 Infantry Division]], but saw most of the action under 191 Infantry Brigade.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indiandefencereview.com/review-of-battle-of-chamb-1971/|title=Review of Battle of Chamb 1971|date=2021-04-04|access-date=2023-10-03}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.usiofindia.org/publication-journal/battle-of-chhamb-indo-pak-war-1971.html|title=Battle of Chhamb: Indo-Pak War 1971 in Journal of the United Service Institution of India, Vol. CLI, No. 626, October-December 2021.|date=2021-10-01|access-date=2023-10-03}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Singh|first=Jagjit|title=Indian Gunners at War: The Western Front 1971|date=1994|publisher= Spantech & Lancer|isbn=978-1897829554|page=78-88}}</ref> The unit lost one officer and eight other ranks during the war.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bharat-rakshak.com/amarjawan/index.php?qname=&qwar=1971%20Bangladesh%20War&cur=0&qunit=81%20Fd%20Regt&qnum=&qregt=Regiment%20Of%20Artillery&qdate=|title=Amar-Jawan - A database of Indian Armed Forces Martyrs 1947-1997, 1971 war|access-date=2023-10-03}}</ref> It fired over 6400 rounds during this operation.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/203255/5/chapter%203.pdf|title=Anjan Mukherjee in Evolution of Indian Artillery and its Impact on India's Comprehensive Military Power, chapter II|access-date=2023-10-03}}</ref>
*Counter-terrorist operations - The regiment took part in anti-insurgency operations in [[Firozpur district|Firozpur]], [[Punjab, India|Punjab]], near the [[Bhutan–India border]] in [[Assam]], and in [[Jammu and Kashmir (state)|Jammu and Kashmir]] in the early 2000s.
**Operation Rakshak I and II (Punjab)
**Operation Rhino
**Operation Rakshak (Jammu and Kashmir)
*[[Kargil War|Operation Vijay]]
*[[2001–2002 India–Pakistan standoff|Operation Parakram]]
*[[2020–2021 China–India skirmishes|Operation Snow Leopard]]

==Gallantry awards==
The regiment has won the following gallantry awards<ref name="81FdAPOcover"/>–
{{Incomplete list|date=October 2023}}
*[[Vir Chakra]] – Havildar K Palani<ref>{{cite web|url=https://egazette.gov.in/WriteReadData/2021/228628.pdf|title=Gazette of India, No 31, page 312|date=2021-07-31|access-date=2023-10-03}}</ref>
*[[Mentioned in dispatches]] – Colonel P Prabhu Raj<ref>{{cite web|url= https://static.pib.gov.in/WriteReadData/userfiles/PIB%20Delhi/FINAL%20AWARD%20RD%202021%20TO%20BE%20ANNOUNCED%20ON%2025%20JAN%202021.pdf|title= List Of Personnel Being Conferred Gallantry And Distinguished Awards On The Occasion Of Republic Day-2021|access-date=2023-10-03}}</ref>
==Motto==
The motto of the regiment is मेहनत की जीत (Mehnat Ki Jeet), which translates to ‘Victory of hard work’.<ref name="81FdAPOcover"/>
==Notable officers==
{{Incomplete list|date=October 2023}}
*Brigadier Sreedharman Singh {{small|VrC}} – First commanding officer
*Lieutenant General Eric George Kerr – He was the first Adjutant of the regiment, retired as Director General of the Artillery
*Lieutenant General Ashok Manglik {{small|PVSM, SM}} – He was the first Quarter Master of the regiment
*Brigadier Vijay Chopra – Commanded the regiment
*Brigadier Ashish Uppal – Silver Gun winner

==See also==
*[[List of regiments of the Indian Army#Artillery|List of artillery regiments of Indian Army]]
==References==
{{reflist}}
[[Category:Military units and formations established in 1961]]
[[Category:Artillery regiments of the Indian Army after 1947]]

103 Air Defence Regiment (India)

2023-09-30T05:35:59Z

Zoyahssn: Page created

{{refimprove|date=September 2023}}

{{Infobox military unit
|unit_name=103 Air Defence Regiment
|image=
|caption=
|dates= 1949 – present
|country={{flag icon|India}} [[India]]
|allegiance=India
|branch= [[File:Flag of Indian Army.svg|24px]] [[Indian Army]]
|type= [[Corps of Army Air Defence]]
|role=
|size= Regiment
|command_structure=
|equipment=[[Bofors 40 mm Automatic Gun L/70|40 mm L/70 Air Defence Gun]]

|Past Commanders=
|ceremonial_chief=
|colonel_of_the_regiment=
|notable_commanders=

|identification_symbol=103 AD Regt
|identification_symbol_label=Abbreviation

|nickname=''Gagan Rakshak''
|patron=
|motto= [[Sanskrit]]: {{lang|sa|आकाशे शत्रुन् जहि}} [[English language|English]]: {{lang|en|Defeat the Enemy in the Sky}}
|colors= {{color box|#81BFFD}} {{color box|#DB0606}} Sky Blue and Red
|march=
|mascot=
|battles=
|anniversaries=22 August (Raising Day)
|decorations=
|battle_honours=
}}
'''103 Air Defence Regiment''' is part of the [[Corps of Army Air Defence]] of the [[Indian Army]].
== Formation==
103 Air Defence Regiment was raised on 22 August 1949 at [[Colaba]] in Bombay (now [[Mumbai]]) as '''103 Heavy Anti-Aircraft Regiment''' of the [[Territorial Army (India)|Territorial Army]]. It consists of 509, 510 and 511 air defence batteries. The regiment has been subsequently converted to a regular regiment of the Indian Army.<ref name="103APO">{{cite web|url= https://samsshopping.com/product/103-air-defence-regiment/|title=103 AD-Golden Jubilee -Indian Army Postal Cover|date=2000-01-22|access-date=2023-09-29}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Singh|first=Lt Col Surender|title=Territorial Army: Gateway for Civilians to Army|publisher=Notion Press|year=2020|isbn=978-1648997037}}</ref>
==Operations==
The regiment has taken part in the following operations<ref name="103APO"/>
*[[Annexation of Goa|Liberation of Goa]]: Operation Vijay, 1961
*[[Indo-Pakistani War of 1965]]: Operation Ablaze
*[[Indo-Pakistani War of 1971]]: The unit took part in Operation Cactus Lily in the western sector.<ref>{{cite book|last=Pal|first=Hamendar Bhisham|title= The Territorial Army|publisher= Tulsi Publishing House|page=17|year=1983}}</ref>
*[[Operation Brasstacks|Operation Trident]]
*Operation Rakshak: Counter insurgency operations<ref>{{cite web|url= https://m.tribuneindia.com/2000/20000124/cth1.htm|title=Air defence unit's golden jubilee|date=2000-01-24|access-date=2023-09-29}}</ref>
*[[Kargil War]]: Operation Vijay
*[[2001–2002 India–Pakistan standoff|Operation Parakram]]
*[[2019 Balakot airstrike|Operation Zafran]]: 2009
==Honours and achievements==
{{Expand list|date=September 2023}}
*The regiment was awarded Director General Army Air Defence Unit Appreciation award in 2018.
*The regiment was awarded General Officer Commanding in Chief Unit Citation in 2014 and 2018.
*Major Upendra Prasad Desaiji, Havildar (BQMH) Krishna Oak and Lance Havildar Sonu Chavan were [[Mentioned in dispatches]] during the 1971 war.<ref>{{cite web|url= https://egazette.gov.in/WriteReadData/1974/O-1253-1974-0019-55503.pdf|title=Gazette of India, No 19, page 539-540|date=1974-05-11|access-date=2023-09-29}}</ref>
==War cry==
The war cry of the regiment is ''Gagan Rakshak Ka Hai Nara, Bache Na Shatru Hamara'' (गगन रक्षक का है नारा, बचे ना शत्रु हमारा ), which loosely translates to ''The slogan of the sky defenders is, our enemy should not survive.
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{India-mil-unit-stub}}

[[Category:Military units and formations established in 1949]]
[[Category:Regiments of the Indian Army]]

The Field (2018 film)

2023-09-29T16:50:51Z

Zoyahssn: Line of Descent (2019 film): The film's title has changed

{{for|the feature film that had the working title The Field|Line of Descent}}
{{Short description|2019 French-Indian film}}
{{Infobox film
| name = The Field
| native_name =
| image =
| caption = Film poster
| director = Sandhya Suri
| producer = Balthazar De Ganay Thomas Bidegain
| writer = Sandhya Suri
| starring = Mia Maelzer Ravi Choudhuri Vittha Nagnath Kale
| music =
| cinematography = Benoît Soler
| editing = Nicolas Chaudeurge
| studio = Film London Lionfish Films L'Homme du train
| distributor =
| runtime = 19 minutes
| released = {{film date|2018|9|9|[[2018 Toronto International Film Festival|TIFF]]|df=y}}
| country = France India United Kingdom
| budget =
}}
'''''The Field''''' is a short drama film, directed by Sandhya Suri and released in 2018.<ref>Peter Bradshaw, [https://www.theguardian.com/film/2019/feb/07/bafta-shorts-2019-a-hitchcockian-thriller-and-erotic-enchantment "Bafta Shorts 2019 review – a Hitchcockian thriller and erotic enchantment"]. ''[[The Guardian]]'', 7 February 2019.</ref> The film stars Mia Maelzer as Laila, a woman who works in the cornfields in the small agricultural town of [[Shahzadpur, Haryana|Shahzadpur]], [[Haryana]], who has secret romantic interludes with her lover in the fields at night.
<ref>J. Clara Chan, [https://www.thewrap.com/shortlist-2019-the-field-director-on-how-she-found-radical-intimacy-amid-indian-cornstalks-video/ "ShortList 2019: ‘The Field’ Director on How She Found Radical Intimacy Amid Indian Cornstalks"]. ''[[TheWrap]]'', 9 August 2019.</ref>

The film premiered at the [[2018 Toronto International Film Festival]], where it won the award for [[Toronto International Film Festival Award for Best International Short Film|Best International Short Film]].<ref>Jeremy Kay, [https://www.screendaily.com/news/green-book-boosts-awards-season-prospects-with-tiff-audience-award-win/5132687.article "'Green Book' boosts awards season prospects with TIFF audience award win"]. ''[[Screen Daily]]'', 16 September 2018.</ref>

==Awards==
The film was a [[British Independent Film Award]] nominee for [[British Independent Film Award for Best British Short Film|Best Short Film]] at the [[British Independent Film Awards 2018]],<ref>Alex Ritman and Georg Szalai, [https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/lists/favourite-british-independent-film-awards-nominations-2018-1157725/ "British Independent Film Awards: ‘The Favourite’ Wins Record 10 Awards"]. ''[[The Hollywood Reporter]]'', 2 December 2018.</ref> and a [[BAFTA Award]] nominee for [[BAFTA Award for Best Short Film|Best Short Film]] at the [[72nd British Academy Film Awards]] in 2019.<ref>Orlando Parfitt, [https://www.screendaily.com/news/baftas-2019-full-list-of-nominations/5135618.article "Baftas 2019: full list of nominations"]. ''[[Screen Daily]]'', 9 January 2019.</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*{{IMDb title|7688426}}

{{TIFF Best International Short Film}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Field, The}}
[[Category:2018 films]]
[[Category:2018 short films]]
[[Category:British drama short films]]
[[Category:French drama short films]]
[[Category:Indian short films]]

{{2010s-France-film-stub}}
{{2010s-UK-film-stub}}

46 Air Defence Regiment (India)

2023-09-28T13:44:38Z

Zoyahssn: Page created

{{Infobox military unit
|unit_name=46 Air Defence Regiment
|image=
|caption=
|dates= 1948 – present
|country={{flag icon|India}} [[India]]
|allegiance=India
|branch= [[File:Flag of Indian Army.svg|24px]] [[Indian Army]]
|type= [[Corps of Army Air Defence]]
|role=
|size= Regiment
|command_structure=
|equipment=[[Bofors 40 mm Automatic Gun L/70|Bofors L70 guns]]

|Past Commanders=
|ceremonial_chief=
|colonel_of_the_regiment=
|notable_commanders=

|identification_symbol=46 AD Regt
|identification_symbol_label=Abbreviation

|nickname=
|patron=
|motto= [[Sanskrit]]: {{lang|sa|आकाशे शत्रुन् जहि}} [[English language|English]]: {{lang|en|Defeat the Enemy in the Sky}}
|colors= {{color box|#81BFFD}} {{color box|#DB0606}} Sky Blue and Red
|march=
|mascot=
|battles=
|anniversaries=
|decorations=
|battle_honours=
}}
'''46 Air Defence Regiment''' is part of the [[Corps of Army Air Defence]] of the [[Indian Army]].
== Formation==
46 Air Defence Regiment was raised in 1948.<ref name="46APO">{{cite web|url=https://samsshopping.com/product/46-air-defence-regiment-platinum-jubilee-apo-cover/|title=46 AD-Platinum Jubilee -Indian Army Postal Cover|date=2002-09-01|access-date=2023-09-28}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/1998/98dec07/punjab.htm|title= 46 Air Defence Regiment celebrated its 50th raising day|date=1998-12-07|access-date=2023-09-28}}</ref> The regiment consists of 66, 67 and 68 air defence batteries. It is presently equipped with [[Bofors 40 mm Automatic Gun L/70|Bofors L70 guns]].<ref name="Twitter">{{cite web|url=https://twitter.com/KVBerhampore/status/1221135567884148738/photo/3|title=Celebrating 71st Republic Day In Kendriya Vidyalaya Berhampore with Indian Army, 46 Air Defence Regiment|date=2020-01-25|access-date=2023-09-28}}</ref>
==Operations==
The regiment has taken part in the following operations-
{{Expand list|date=September 2023}}
*[[Indo-Pakistani War of 1971]]: The unit took part in Operation Cactus Lily in the eastern sector. It was equipped with [[Bofors 40 mm L/60 gun]]s and was part of the 340 Mountain Brigade Group. Three troops were with [[IV Corps (India)|4 Corps]] Artillery Brigade and [[XXXIII Corps (India)|33 Corps]] Artillery Brigade.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://songramernotebook.com/archives/392148|title=Indian Army deployment in Bangladesh|access-date=2023-09-28}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Jacob|first=JFR|title=Surrender at Dacca: Birth of a Nation|date=2011|publisher=Manohar Publishers and Distributors|isbn=978-8173041891|page=}}</ref>
==Honours and achievements==
{{Expand list|date=September 2023}}
*The Regiment was awarded Director General Army Air Defence Unit Appreciation award in 2005, 2007, 2013 and 2017.<ref name="46APO"/>
==War cry==
The war cry of the regiment is ''Char Chey Abhay Ajay'' (चार छह अभय अजय), which translates to ''Four Six Fearless and Invincible''.<ref name="Twitter"/>

==References==
{{reflist}}
[[Category:Military units and formations established in 1948]]
[[Category:Regiments of the Indian Army]]

{{india-mil-unit-stub}}

25 AD Regiment (India)

2023-09-28T13:44:16Z

Zoyahssn: Page created

{{Infobox military unit
|unit_name=25 Air Defence Regiment
|image=
|caption=
|dates= 1959 – present
|country={{flag icon|India}} [[India]]
|allegiance=India
|branch= [[File:Flag of Indian Army.svg|24px]] [[Indian Army]]
|type= [[Corps of Army Air Defence]]
|role=
|size= Regiment
|command_structure=
|equipment=[[Bofors 40 mm Automatic Gun L/70|40 mm L/70 Air Defence Gun]]

|Past Commanders=
|ceremonial_chief=
|colonel_of_the_regiment=
|notable_commanders=

|identification_symbol=25 AD Regt
|identification_symbol_label=Abbreviation

|nickname=''Quarter centurions''
|patron=
|motto= [[Sanskrit]]: {{lang|sa|आकाशे शत्रुन् जहि}} [[English language|English]]: {{lang|en|Defeat the Enemy in the Sky}} [[Sanskrit]]: {{lang|sa|सर्वदा सर्व प्रथम}} [[English language|English]]: {{lang|en|First, always and everywhere}}
|colors= {{color box|#81BFFD}} {{color box|#DB0606}} Sky Blue and Red
|march=
|mascot=
|battles=
|anniversaries=15 December (Raising Day)
|decorations=
|battle_honours=
}}
'''25 Air Defence Regiment''' is part of the [[Corps of Army Air Defence]] of the [[Indian Army]].
== Formation==
25 Air Defence Regiment was raised on 15 December 1959 at [[Deolali]].<ref name="25APO">{{cite web|url= https://samsshopping.com/product/25-air-defence-regiment/|title=25 AD-Golden Jubilee -Indian Army Postal Cover|date=2009-09-01|access-date=2023-09-28}}</ref> It consists of 132, 133 and 134 air defence batteries.
==Operations==
The regiment has taken part in the following operations<ref name="25APO"/><ref>{{cite web|url= https://m.tribuneindia.com/2007/20071217/cth1.htm|title= Raising Day celebrated|date=2007-12-17|access-date=2023-09-28}}</ref>
{{Expand list|date=September 2023}}
*[[Indo-Pakistani War of 1965]]: Operation Ablaze and Operation Riddle
*[[Indo-Pakistani War of 1971]]: The unit took part in Operation Cactus Lily and was part of 342 Independent Air Defence Brigade. It was equipped with L70 guns.<ref>{{cite book|last=Jacob|first=JFR|title=Surrender at Dacca: Birth of a Nation|date=2011|publisher=Manohar Publishers and Distributors|isbn=978-8173041891|page=}}</ref>
*[[Operation Blue Star]]
*[[Operation Brasstacks|Operation Trident]]
*Operation Rakshak II
*[[Kargil War|Operation Vijay]]
*[[2001–2002 India–Pakistan standoff|Operation Parakram]]

==References==
{{reflist}}
[[Category:Military units and formations established in 1959]]
[[Category:Regiments of the Indian Army]]

{{India-mil-unit-stub}}

Jaitulpur

2023-09-13T23:56:20Z

Zoyahssn: Article designed.

{{Short description|Village in Uttar Pradesh, India}}
{{Use dmy dates}}
{{Use Indian English}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Jaitulpur
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Village
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| image_map =
| map_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Uttar Pradesh
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Uttar Pradesh, India
| coordinates = {{coord|27.22552|N|79.17328|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = [[India]]
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Mainpuri district|Mainpuri]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[Tehsil]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[Bhongaon]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes = <ref name="Census 2011 A"/>
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 = 2.559
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 1405
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes = <ref name="Census 2011 A"/>
| demographics_type1 =
| demographics1_title1 =
| demographics1_info1 =
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code =
| registration_plate =
| website =
| footnotes =
}}
'''Jaitulpur''' ([[Devanagari]]: जैतूलपुर {{IAST|Jaitūlpur}}) is a village in [[Sultanganj, Mainpuri|Sultanganj]] block of [[Mainpuri district]], [[Uttar Pradesh]]. As of 2011, it has a population of 1,405, in 236 households.

== Demographics ==
As of 2011, Jaitulpur had a population of 1,405, in 236 households.<ref name="Census 2011 A"/>{{rp|167}} This population was 53.9% male (757) and 46.1% female (648). The 0-6 age group numbered 192 (98 male and 94 female), or 13.7% of the total population. 226 residents were members of Scheduled Castes, or 16.1% of the total.<ref name="Census 2011 B">{{cite web |title=Census of India 2011: Uttar Pradesh District Census Handbook - Mainpuri, Part B (Village and Town Wise Primary Census Abstract) |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/1259/download/4050/DH_2011_0917_PART_B_DCHB_MAINPURI.pdf |website=Census of India |access-date=19 June 2023}}</ref>{{rp|130-1}}

The [[1981 Census of India|1981 census]] recorded Jaitulpur as having a population of 854 people, in 128 households.<ref name="Census 1981">{{cite book |title=Census 1981 Uttar Pradesh: District Census Handbook Part XIII-A: Village & Town Directory, District Mainpuri |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/29484/download/32665/28516_1981_MAI.pdf |access-date=25 July 2023}}</ref>{{rp|172-3}}

The [[1961 Census of India|1961 census]] recorded Jaitulpur as comprising 4 hamlets, with a total population of 622 people (329 male and 293 female), in 111 households and 93 physical houses. The area of the village was given as 628 acres.<ref name="Census 1961">{{cite book |title=Census 1961: District Census Handbook, Uttar Pradesh (24 - Mainpuri District) |location=Lucknow |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/28772/download/31954/22833_1961_MAI.pdf |access-date=25 December 2021}}</ref>{{rp|xciv}}

== Infrastructure ==
As of 2011, Jaitulpur had 1 primary school; it did not have any healthcare facilities. Drinking water was provided by hand pump and tube well/borehole; there were no public toilets. The village did not have a post office or public library; there was at least some access to electricity for all purposes. Streets were made of both ''[[Indian vernacular architecture#kachcha|kachcha]]'' and ''[[Indian vernacular architecture#pucca|pakka]]'' materials.<ref name="Census 2011 A">{{cite web |title=Census of India 2011: Uttar Pradesh District Census Handbook - Mainpuri, Part A (Village and Town Directory) |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/1258/download/4046/DH_2011_0917_PART_A_DCHB_MAINPURI.pdf |website=Census of India |access-date=19 June 2023}}</ref>{{rp|167-72}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Mainpuri district}}

[[Category:Villages in Mainpuri district]]

Bal des débutantes

2023-01-27T12:25:21Z

Zoyahssn: Published an influential piece.

{{short description|French debutante ball}}

{{Multiple issues|
{{tone}}
{{overly detailed}}
{{COI}}
}}
{{Use dmy dates}}

{{Infobox recurring event
|name = Le Bal des Débutantes
|logo =
|image =
|imagesize =
|caption =
|genre = Clothing and fashion exhibitions
|date =
|frequency = annually
|location = [[Paris]], France
|first = 1958
|founder_name =
|prev =
|next =
|participants =
|attendance =
|area =
|budget =
|patron =
|organised = Ophélie Renouard
|people =
|member =
|website =
|footnotes =
}}

[[File:Vanity fair photo shoot with the 2011 debs for le Bal des débutantes in Paris.jpg|thumb|''Vanity Fair'' photo shoot with the 2011 Debs]]

'''Le Bal des Débutantes''', also known simply as "le Bal" (or, previously, the "Crillon Ball"), is a [[debutante ball]] and fashion event held annually in November in [[Paris]], bringing together between 20 and 25 debutantes aged 16 to 22 from many countries, together with their parents and a similar number of young men. It started as a social event and was first held in the [[Versailles Orangerie|Orangery]] of the [[Château de Versailles]] on 10 July 1958.{{r|fig}}

==History==
The ball was started as a social event, and was first held in the [[Versailles Orangerie|Orangery]] of the [[Château de Versailles]] on 10 July 1958. There were fifty debutantes; all were American.{{r|fig}} For the ball of 1959, permission to use the Orangery came from [[André Malraux]]; the event was financed by the fashion and perfume houses of Paris. A hundred and fifty young women took part.{{r|exp}}
The event was not held in 1968 due to the [[May 68]] worker uprising in France, and was subsequently not held for several decades.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Burlet|first1=Fleur|title=How to Be a Debutante in the Age of Netflix and Google Searches|url=https://wwd.com/eye/parties/debutante-ball-paris-1202912458|publisher=WWD|accessdate=25 January 2023}}</ref>

The ball was revived in 1992, organised by Ophélie Renouard as a fashion event by invitation.<ref>{{cite web|title = Social Diary 1/4/06 – Social Safari in Paris, France|url = http://www.newyorksocialdiary.com/legacy/socialdiary/2005/01_04_06/socialdiary01_04_06.php|website = www.newyorksocialdiary.com|accessdate = 2015-06-26|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190124202251/http://www.newyorksocialdiary.com/legacy/socialdiary/2005/01_04_06/socialdiary01_04_06.php|archive-date = 24 January 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="journaldesfemmes.com">{{Cite web|title = Le Bal des Débutantes 2015 perpétue la tradition|url = http://www.journaldesfemmes.com/people/evenements/1442296-bal-des-debutantes-2015/|website = www.journaldesfemmes.com| date=27 November 2015 |accessdate = 2015-11-30}}</ref><ref>{{Cite magazine|title = Le Premier Défilé des Débutantes|date = September 1992|magazine = Point de Vue|page = 26}}</ref><ref>{{Cite magazine|title = Behind the Scenes: Having a Ball|author= Twigg, Melissa|date = February 2015|magazine = Hong Kong Tatler|url=https://www.tatlerasia.com/the-scene/people-parties/behind-the-scenes-having-a-ball|access-date=}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Nikkah|first1=Roya|title=New elite come out|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/1570473/New-elite-comes-out-at-the-billionaires-ball.html|publisher=Telegraph|accessdate=22 March 2018}}</ref> From 1992 to 2012, it took place every year at the [[Hôtel de Crillon]],<ref name="Telegraph2004">{{cite news|last=Ross|first=Rory|title=Fairy Godmother to the New Debs|newspaper=The Daily Telegraph}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title = L'officiel de la mode|last = Du Eugénie Adda et Karen Rouach|date = 1 December 2014|work = En coulisse du Bal des Débutantes}}</ref> and thus was often called the "Crillon Ball". It is now sometimes referred to simply as "le Bal".<ref>{{cite web |last1=Reporter |first1=SCMP |title=Sabrina Meng Wanzhou and Annabel Yao: Huawei founder's two daughters |url=https://www.scmp.com/lifestyle/article/2176660/why-two-daughters-huawei-founder-have-different-names-and-not-their |publisher=South China Morning Post |accessdate=12 December 2018}}</ref>

In 2005, ''Forbes'' described the ball as one of the world's ten "hottest parties".<ref>{{cite web|title = World's Hottest Parties|url = https://www.forbes.com/2005/09/08/parties-luxurytravel-lifestyle-cx_sb_0908feat_ls.html|website = Forbes|accessdate = 2015-06-26}}</ref>

''Le Bal'' took place in 2013 and 2014 at Hôtel Raphael <ref>{{cite web|title = Bal des débutantes – Le premier pas|url = http://www.parismatch.com/People/Spectacles/Le-premier-pas-662870#662882|accessdate = 2015-06-26}}</ref> and in 2015 was held in the Palais de Chaillot, which overlooks the Eiffel Tower.<ref name="Carbone">{{Cite news|url=http://www.theage.com.au/victoria/invitationonly-debutante-ball-in-paris-summons-25-ladies-to-have-le-bal-20151110-gkvx7g.html|title=Invitation-only debutante ball in Paris summons 25 ladies to have le Bal|last=Carbone|first=Suzanne|newspaper=The Age|access-date=2015-11-18}}</ref> Le Bal was held at [[The Peninsula Paris]] in 2016 and 2017,<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.lebal.events/presentation/|title=Presentation|access-date=2016-07-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171206115717/https://www.lebal.events/presentation/|archive-date=6 December 2017|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref> and in 2018 and 2019 at the Shangri La Hotel in Paris.

From the beginning the event has raised money for charities.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Colacello |first1=Bob |title=Le Bal 2018: Inside the 25th Edition of Bal des Débutantes |url=https://www.vanityfair.com/style/2018/01/le-bal-des-debutantes-paris |accessdate=14 December 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title = Bal des débutantes – Kyra Kennedy. Une américaine à Paris|url = http://www.parismatch.com/Actu/International/Kyra-Kennedy-Une-americaine-a-Paris-529560|accessdate = 2015-06-26}}</ref> From 2009 to 2019, it supported [[:fr:Association Enfants d'Asie|Enfants d'Asie]], an organization which provides education for girls in Southeast Asia.<ref name="PhilTatler2010Popple">{{cite journal|last=Popple|first=Shauna Jay|title=The Ball Issue: Making her Debut|journal=Philippine Tatler|page=131}}</ref> And from 2009 to 2019, it also supported Seleni, a non-profit organisation that finances research in healthcare for adolescent mothers.<ref name="journaldesfemmes.com" /> In 2022, it supported the ARCFA (Association pour la Recherche en Cardiologie du Fœtus à l'Adulte) of the Necker Children's Hospital and the World Central Kitchen.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bal des débutantes 2022 : les plus belles photos d'une soirée hors du temps |url=https://madame.lefigaro.fr/style/news/bal-des-debutantes-2022-les-plus-belles-photos-d-une-soiree-hors-du-temps-20221127 |access-date=2023-03-17 |website=Madame Figaro |language=fr}}</ref>

==Participants==

The criteria for invitation as a débutante are an attractive appearance,<ref name="Telegraph2004" /><ref name="YoDona2007">{{cite news|last = de Amézaga|first = Abraham|title = El baile del año|newspaper = El Mundo|date = 24 November 2007|location = Yo Dona section|language = es}}</ref> intelligence, and famous parents.<ref name="Telegraph2004" /><ref name="parismatch.com"/> The débutantes often come from families known in entertainment, business, or politics.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Jiang |first1=Sijia |title=Arrest of Huawei 'heiress' throws rare spotlight on family |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-china-huawei-profile/arrest-of-huawei-heiress-throws-rare-spotlight-on-family-idUSKBN1O517C |work=Reuters |accessdate=12 December 2018}}</ref>

As ''le Bal'' is also a couture event, the gowns are fashion show dresses and ''le Bal'''s team endeavors to find the most suitable ones.<ref name="Telegraph2004" />

From 2000 to 2003, ''le Bal'' welcomed a winner from a contest held by the French magazine ''Jalouse'' each year. Each one was chosen based on a submitted application.<ref>{{cite web|title = Jalouse – n°52 de 2002 – page 1 – Cendrillon sans les larmes un deux trois participez au bal des|url = http://patrimoine.editionsjalou.com/jalouse-numero_52-page_20-detailp-16-1345-20.html|website = patrimoine.editionsjalou.com|accessdate = 2015-06-26|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150623055243/http://patrimoine.editionsjalou.com/jalouse-numero_52-page_20-detailp-16-1345-20.html|archive-date = 23 June 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref>

The majority of the participants must familiarize themselves with wearing haute couture dresses, trading common teen fashion items for "heels, tiaras and haute couture gowns worth up to £30,000 each".<ref name="Aujourd2008" /><ref name="Telegraph2004" />

In interviews, the débutantes usually speak of the pleasure of wearing couture dresses, the charity aspect of the event,<ref name="PhilTatler2010Popple" /> and the opportunity to meet girls from different countries.<ref>{{cite journal|title=Vogue Flash Moment: Having a Ball|journal=Vogue}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title = Froufrou au Bal des débutantes|url = http://www.lepoint.fr/chroniqueurs-du-point/marie-christine-morosi/froufrou-au-bal-des-debutantes-25-11-2011-1400590_221.php|accessdate = 2015-06-26|first = Marie-Christine|last = Morosi|date = 25 November 2011}}</ref>

Each débutante is escorted by a ''cavalier''. He may be by a young man of her own choosing, such as a brother, cousin, friend, or boyfriend. However, nearly half of the débutantes, particularly those travelling from abroad, don't bring their own cavaliers; they rely instead on the organizers of ''le Bal'' to find a cavalier.<ref>{{cite web|title = Beatty, Belmondo, Mountbatten : la relève tourbillonne au bal des débutantes – People – MYTF1News|url = http://lci.tf1.fr/people/beaty-belmondo-mountbatten-la-releve-tourbillonne-au-bal-des-8526440.html|website = MYTF1NEWS|accessdate = 2015-06-26}}</ref> The organizer, Renouard, has stated that choosing the cavaliers based on their ages, the language they speak, their heights, and possibly their backgrounds usually produces an optimal match for the débutantes.<ref name="https://www.tatlerasia.com/"/>

Le Bal tries their best to not have more than two French girls every year. Many débutantes are part of the European [[aristocracy]], including [[princess]]es and [[duchesses]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://histoiresroyales.fr/liste-bal-des-debutantes-2019-cavaliers-couturiers/ | title=Bal des débutantes 2019 : Trois princesses y participeront cette année : Cavaliers, couturiers, liste des débutantes | date=24 November 2019 }}</ref> Ophélie Renouard says she favors Italian girls for their sophisticated look.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://madame.lefigaro.fr/celebrites/bal-des-debutantes-princesses-filles-de-stars-roturieres-qui-peut-reellement-participer-151118-151601 | title="Je les contacte l'année de leurs 16 ans" : Dans le secret du Bal des débutantes | date=28 November 2019 }}</ref>

Many others are daughters of actors and industry tycoons, such as [[Ava Philippe]], [[Jet Li|Jane Li]], [[Ren Zhengfei|Annabel Yao]], [[Jean-Paul Belmondo|Stella Belmondo]], [[Forest Whitaker|True Whitaker]], [[Warren Beatty|Ella Beatty]], [[Mads Mikkelsen|Viola Mikkelsen]], [[Sylvester Stallone|Sophia-Rose Stallone]], [[Bruce Willis|Scout LaRue]], [[Gregory Peck|Ondine and Harper Peck]], and [[Sean Connery|Natasha Connery]]. Others are famous in their own right, such as [[Ballet dancer|ballerinas]] and young prodigies: a few years ago, Lauren Marbe, the daughter of a cab driver in the UK whose IQ exceeded Einstein’s, and in 2015, [[Olivia Hallisey]], an American high schooler who won the first prize of the [[Google Science Fair]] for inventing a test for the [[Ebola]] virus.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://madame.lefigaro.fr/celebrites/bal-des-debutantes-2018-qui-sont-les-debs-true-whitaker-gabrielle-de-pourtales-shloka-birla-2018-221118-151899 | title=Bal des débutantes : Qui sont les "debs" 2018 ? | date=23 November 2018 }}</ref> In 2022 [[Eileen Gu]] attended le Bal<ref>{{Cite web |last=Noyen |first=Maria |title=I went to Le Bal des Débutantes, where kids of Hollywood legends, royals, and business moguls make their high-society debut. It was a night full of glamour I'll never forget. |url=https://www.insider.com/inside-le-bal-des-debutantes-attended-by-stars-and-royals-2022-12 |access-date=2023-03-17 |website=Insider |language=en-US}}</ref> after winning two gold medals at the [[2022 Winter Olympics]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Chinese Olympian Eileen Gu working for Salt Lake Games bid |url=https://apnews.com/article/eileen-gu-winter-olympics-sports-china-beijing-b1549a2c689f7086af97993dfcadadc3 |access-date=2023-03-17 |website=AP NEWS |language=en}}</ref>

== Character ==
The ball introduces the world of high fashion to its invited débutantes, who are usually the daughters of well-known families. It can also be seen as an opportunity for fashion houses to achieve brand exposure.<ref name="https://www.tatlerasia.com/">{{Cite web|title=Exclusive: An insider's view to the annual Bal des Débutantes in Paris|url=https://www.tatlerasia.com/the-scene/people-parties/exclusive-insider-view-crillon-debutante-ball-paris-2015|accessdate=2015-12-13|website=Malaysia Tatler}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title = International Herald Tribune|last = Menkes|first = Suzy|date = 23 November 1993|work = Haute Couture and the Upper Crust|pages = 1–9}}</ref>

The young women wear [[haute couture]] dresses by European designers<ref>{{Cite news|title = Paris Match|last = Zan|first = Jean-Claude|date = 1992|work = Les Plus Belles Débutantes du Monde}}</ref> and overseas fashion houses. They all wear jewelry from the same jeweler.<ref name="madame.lefigaro.fr">{{Cite web|title = Le Bal des débutantes, haute société et haute couture|url = http://madame.lefigaro.fr/celebrites/le-bal-des-debutantes-haute-societe-et-haute-couture-301114-82854|website = Madame Figaro|date = 30 November 2014|accessdate = 2015-11-25|language = fr-FR}}</ref> Some couture houses have produced special ball gowns for the event. In 2003, [[Carolina Herrera (fashion designer)|Carolina Herrera]] made one for Diana Mellon, and in 2014 Danish designer Jesper Hovring made a dress for Viola Mikkelsen.<ref>{{cite web|title = En coulisses du Bal des débutantes – L'officiel de la mode|url = http://www.lofficielmode.com/art-du-style/bal-debutantes/|accessdate = 2015-06-26}}</ref> In 2018, the Indo-French fashion house Lecoanet Hemant made a gown for Princess Ananya Raje Scindia of Gwalior.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.livemint.com/Leisure/VKqexKfNo5dsaCssPpfl6O/A-waltz-for-a-night.html|title=A waltz for a night|last=Dey|first=Sohini|website=Mint|language=en|access-date=2018-12-14}}</ref> Jet Li's daughter Jane Li was dressed by Dior in 2019.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.scmp.com/lifestyle/fashion-beauty/article/3041943/jet-lis-daughter-jane-li-stepping-out-debutante-le-bal-and|title=Was it for me? Jet Li's daughter Jane Li on debutantes' ball|website=South China Morning Post|language=en|access-date=2020-02-20}}</ref>

In 2008, French actor [[Jean Rochefort]]'s daughter Clémence made her debut wearing a [[Nina Ricci (brand)|Nina Ricci]] ball gown.<ref>{{Cite news|title = Le Figaro|last = Lutaud|first = Léna|date = 26 November 2011|work = Le Grand Retour du Bal des Débutantes}}</ref> Anna Cleveland van Ravenstein, on the other hand, had been modeling for Chanel for years before "Uncle" [[Karl Lagerfeld]] helped her to pick out a vintage gown for le Bal.<ref name="my.asiatatler.com">{{Cite web|title=Exclusive: An insider's view to the annual Bal des Débutantes in Paris|url=http://my.asiatatler.com/society/exclusive-insider-view-crillon-debutante-ball-paris-2015|accessdate=2015-12-13|website=Malaysia Tatler}}</ref>

[[File:Sokhna Ndour and Anouchka Delon got dressed for le Bal 2008.jpg|thumb|right|Deb Sokhna N'dour dressing for le Bal in 2008]]
The ball takes place on a Saturday, but preparations include meeting the débutantes, their families and their cavaliers in advance.<ref name="SundayTimes2012">{{cite news|last = Johnson|first = Rachel|title = Swishly Ballroom|newspaper = The Sunday Times|date = 8 January 2012}}</ref>

On the eve of ''le Bal'', a Friday, the débutantes come together for the first time. Makeup and hair styling sessions start at 9:00am: with By Terry for makeup<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.purepeople.com/media/exclusif-illustrations-debutantes-a_m4458515|title=PHOTOS - Exclusif - Illustrations - Débutantes à l'hôtel Shangri-La Hotel, Paris - Le Bal 2018, vingt-sixième édition - Paris, le 24 novembre 2018 © Le Bal / Borde-Jacov|website=purepeople.com|language=fr|access-date=2018-12-14}}</ref> and with [[Louis Alexandre Raimon|Alexandre de Paris]] for hair.<ref>{{Cite web|title = So you wanna look like a debutante? M.A.C takes us behind the scenes at the Crillon Ball in Paris |url = http://www.fashionmagazine.com/beauty/2011/12/07/so-you-wanna-look-like-a-debutante-m-a-c-takes-us-behind-the-scenes-at-the-crillon-ball-in-paris/|website = FASHION Magazine |date = 7 December 2011|accessdate = 2015-10-07}}</ref> After this, the débutantes put on their dresses, [[long gloves]], shoes,<ref name="parismatch.com">{{cite web|title = Bal des débutantes – 25 jeunes filles du monde qui font rêver|url = http://www.parismatch.com/People/Spectacles/25-jeunes-filles-venues-du-monde-entier-qui-font-rever-658928|accessdate = 2015-06-26}}</ref> and jewels, and there are individual and group photo sessions<ref name="You2008">{{cite journal |last=Methven |first=Charlotte |title=The Woman Who Reshaped High Society |journal=You |pages=51, 53}}</ref> which last for the rest of the day.<ref name="SundayTimes2012" /> On Friday evening, the débutantes' fathers and cavaliers are offered a waltz class with two dance teachers.<ref name="SundayTimes2012" />

[[File:Le Bal des debutantes 2009 Paris debs dancing.jpg|thumb|right|Debs dance and talk at the 2009 Ball at the Hôtel de Crillon.]]
The débutantes are introduced in alphabetical order on the arms of their cavaliers<ref name=SundayTimes2012 /> by journalist and author [[Stéphane Bern]].<ref>{{cite journal|last=Dutour|first=Edouard|title=J'y étais ... au Bal des débutantes|journal=Elle|page=42|language=fr}}</ref> Then the dinner is served.<ref name="Aujourd2008">{{cite journal|last=Bureau|first=Eric|title=Le Bal des Débutantes les fait tous rêver|journal=Aujourd'hui en France|language=fr}}</ref> After dinner, the débutantes who are the most followed by the media open ''le Bal'', followed by all of the fathers with their daughters.<ref name="Aujourd2008" /><ref name="PointVue2008Lauriot">{{cite journal|last=Lauriot Prévost|first=Marie-Etudes|title=Un casting de rêve|journal=Point de Vue|page=36}}</ref>

===Opening dance===
Each year since 2005, there has been a débutante who opens the dancing with a waltz.<ref>{{Cite magazine|url=https://www.vanityfair.com/style/2018/01/le-bal-des-debutantes-paris|title=Inside Paris's 25th Annual le Bal des Débutantes|last=Colacello|first=Bob|magazine=Vanity Fair|issue=February|language=en|access-date=2018-12-14}}</ref>

* 2005: [[Bianca Brandolini d'Adda]] with the master of ceremony, [[Prince Charles Philippe, Duke of Anjou|Prince Charles-Philippe d'Orléans]]<ref>{{Cite web|title = Paillettes et jeunes filles en fleur au bal des débutantes|url = http://www.leparisien.fr/loisirs-et-spectacles/paillettes-et-jeunes-filles-en-fleur-au-bal-des-debutantes-27-11-2005-2006511089.php|website = leparisien.fr|date = 26 November 2005|accessdate = 2015-10-15|language = fr}}</ref>
* 2006: Xiaodan Chen with Stéphane Bern<ref>{{Cite web|title = Lady in Red: 'Princess' Chen Xiaodan casts a mysterious spell｜WCT|url = http://www.wantchinatimes.com/news/content?id=20120125000013&cid=1601|accessdate = 2015-10-15|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20151117015345/http://www.wantchinatimes.com/news/content?id=20120125000013&cid=1601|archive-date = 17 November 2015|url-status=dead|df = dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title = Heirs of Mao's Comrades Rise as New Capitalist Nobility|url = https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2012-12-26/immortals-beget-china-capitalism-from-citic-to-godfather-of-golf|website = Bloomberg.com|accessdate = 2015-10-15|first = Bloomberg|last = News|date = 26 December 2012}}</ref>
* 2007: Maria Abou Nader with Stéphane Bern<ref>{{Cite web|title = Stéphane Bern ouvre le bal – Les débutantes entrent dans la danse sur Journal des Femmes People|url = http://www.journaldesfemmes.com/people/bal-des-debutantes-2007/stephane-bern-ouvre-le-bal.shtml|website = www.journaldesfemmes.com|accessdate = 2015-10-15}}</ref>
* 2008: [[Bruce Willis]] and [[Alain Delon]] launched ''le Bal'' together, leading Scout Larue Willis in [[Christian Lacroix|Lacroix]] Haute Couture and [[Anouchka Delon]] in [[Elie Saab]] Haute Couture, with the waltz from [[Luchino Visconti]]'s film Il Gattopardo<ref>{{Cite web|title = Anouchka Delon – La biographie de Anouchka Delon avec Gala.fr|url = http://www.gala.fr/stars_et_gotha/anouchka_delon|website = Gala.fr|accessdate = 2015-10-15}}</ref>
* 2009: Autumn Whitaker with [[Forest Whitaker]], and Jasmine Li with Stéphane Bern<ref>{{Cite web|title = EXCLU : Regardez le magnifique et féérique Bal des débutantes... avec un débutant "fils de" !|url = http://www.purepeople.com/article/exclu-regardez-le-magnifique-et-feerique-bal-des-debutantes-avec-un-debutant-fils-de_a45064/1|website = www.purepeople.com|accessdate = 2015-10-15}}</ref>
* 2011: Tallulah Willis with Bruce Willis{{Citation needed}}
* 2012: Sophia Rose Stallone in [[Elie Saab]] Haute Couture with [[Sylvester Stallone]]<ref>{{Cite web|title = Le Bal des Débutantes in Paris – Vogue.it|url = http://www.vogue.it/en/people-are-talking-about/parties-events/2012/11/le-bal-des-debutantes-in-paris|website = www.vogue.it|accessdate = 2015-10-15}}</ref>
* 2014: Princess Elizabeth of [[Bourbon-Parma]] in [[Alexis Mabille]] Haute Couture with Prince Charles-Emmanuel of Bourbon-Parma<ref name="madame.lefigaro.fr"/><ref>{{Cite web|title = Bienvenue au Bal des Débutantes|url = http://www.journaldesfemmes.com/societe/bienvenue-au-bal-des-debutantes/charlotte-de-bourbon-parme-et-son-pere-le-prince-charles-emmanuel.shtml|website = Le Journal des Femmes|accessdate = 2015-10-15}}</ref>
* 2015: [[Iman Perez]] with Vincent Perez<ref>{{Cite web|title = Le bal des Débutantes : Iman, la sublime fille de Vincent Perez fait sensation|url = http://www.puretrend.com/article/le-bal-des-debutantes-iman-la-sublime-fille-de-vincent-perez-fait-sensation_a140390/1|website = www.puretrend.com|accessdate = 2016-01-06}}</ref><ref name="leparisien.fr">{{Cite web|title = La photo souvenir des vingt participantes du Bal des débutantes de Paris|url = http://www.leparisien.fr/laparisienne/actu-people/la-photo-souvenir-des-vingt-participantes-du-bal-des-debutantes-de-paris-28-11-2015-5321587.php|website = leparisien.fr|date = 28 November 2015|accessdate = 2016-01-06|language = fr}}</ref> and Countess Gloria de [[Limburg-Stirum]] with Count Thierry de Limburg-Stirum<ref name="leparisien.fr"/>
* 2016: Countess Angélique de Limburg-Stirum and her father Thierry de Limburg-Stirum opened the ball,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.purepeople.com/media/la-comtesse-angelique-de-limburg-stirum_m2857769|title=PHOTOS - La comtesse Angélique de Limburg-Stirum (robe Georges Hobeika) et son père le comte Thierry de Limburg-Stirum - Le Bal - Vingt-quatrième édition du Bal à l'hôte|website=www.purepeople.com|language=fr|access-date=2020-02-20}}</ref> followed by Yu Hang<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.purepeople.com/media/invites-et-familles-yu-hang-robe-alex_m2857907|title=PHOTOS - Invités et familles - Yu Hang (robe Alexander McQueen) et Luís Figo - Vingt-quatrième édition du Bal à l'hôtel Peninsula à Paris, le 26 novembre 2016. Les début|website=www.purepeople.com|language=fr|access-date=2020-02-20}}</ref> and Elle Beatty.{{Citation needed}}
* 2017: [[Ava Philippe]] in [[Giambattista Valli]] haute couture danced with her escort, Maharaja [[Padmanabh Singh]] of [[Jaipur]]. The two danced to a song from the film ''[[La La Land (film)|La La Land]]''.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://people.com/celebrity/ava-phillippe-paris-debutante-debut/|title=Ava Phillippe Dazzles in Paris Debutante Debut|newspaper=Peoplemag }}</ref>
*2018: True Whitaker and her father [[Forest Whitaker]] opened le Bal, along with then Annabel Yao and her cavalier Jean de Croÿ-Solre and Gabrielle de Pourtalès and Stéphane Bern.{{Citation needed}}
*2019: French actor Jean-Paul Belmondo's daughter Stella Belmondo opened le Bal with Stéphane Bern,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://madame.lefigaro.fr/celebrites/video-bal-des-debutantes-stella-belmondo-et-stephane-bern-premiere-danse-soiree-011219-178535|title=En vidéo, Stella Belmondo et Stéphane Bern ouvrent le Bal des débutantes sur le "Beau Danube bleu"|last=Figaro|first=Madame|website=Madame Figaro|access-date=2020-02-20}}</ref> followed by Shanaya Kapoor<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.vogue.in/fashion/content/shanaya-kapoor-le-bal-debut-debutante-ball-paris-couture-lecoanet-hemant|title=Shanaya Kapoor's Cinderella moment at the exclusive debutante ball in Paris, Le Bal|website=Vogue India|language=en-IN|access-date=2020-02-20}}</ref> and Iglesias twins Victoria and Cristina.{{Citation needed}}
*2022: The French Royal Princess Hélène of Orléans opened le Bal with her father the Duke of Chartres, followed by Wenhao Cai and her father the Chinese artist [[Cai Guo-Qiang]] and Leah Behn, the daughter of the Royal Princess Martha Louise of Norway, and Stéphane Bern.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Natasha Connery, Hélène d'Orléans, Eileen Gu... Qui sont les débutantes du Bal 2022 ? |url=https://madame.lefigaro.fr/celebrites/actu-people/natasha-connery-helene-d-orleans-eileen-gu-qui-sont-les-debutantes-du-bal-2022-20221125 |access-date=2023-03-17 |website=Madame Figaro |language=fr}}</ref>

This opening dance is followed by a waltz with all of the fathers and débutantes. The fathers then cede their daughters to the cavaliers, and the waltz is replaced with contemporary music with a live band. The debs then return their dresses and their jewels. The débutantes and their cavaliers finish the evening out clubbing.<ref>{{Cite news|title = Figaro Madame|last = Galy-Ramounot|first = Marion|date = 25 November 2012|work = Bal des Débutantes : J'y étais}}</ref>

== Media coverage ==
[[File:Le bal des debutantes paris 2011 group picture.jpg|thumb|The 2011 Debs photographed at le Bal]]

Coverage often emphasizes the cachet of the event and its elegance.<ref>{{Cite news|title = Folha de S.Paulo|last = Cardoso|first = Cíntia|date = 7 December 2008|work = Cinderela em Paris}}</ref> It has been claimed that "''Le Bal'' has really maintained its exclusivity; all the top designers participate, and there have never been any sleazy photographs of the débutantes."<ref>{{Cite news|title = Philippine Tatler|last = Fraser-Cavassoni|first = Natasha|date = February 2010|work = The Ball Issue: Having a Ball}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist|45em|refs=

<ref name=exp>Thomas Lenoir (9 July 1959, updated 26 November 2011). [https://www.lexpress.fr/actualite/societe/le-bal-des-debutantes-de-1959_1055159.html Le bal des débutantes... de 1959] (in French). ''L'Express''. Accessed July 2021.</ref>

<ref name=fig>Sophie Guerrier (28 November 2014). [http://www.lefigaro.fr/histoire/2014/11/28/26001-20141128ARTFIG00322-dans-les-coulisses-du-premier-bal-des-debutantes.php Dans les coulisses du premier Bal des débutantes] (in French). ''Le Figaro''. Accessed July 2018.</ref>

}}

== External links ==
* {{Official website|https://www.lebal.paris/en/}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bal Des Debutantes}}
[[Category:Fashion events in France]]
[[Category:Annual events in France]]
[[Category:Recurring events established in 1992]]
[[Category:1992 establishments in France]]
[[Category:Events in Paris]]
[[Category:Debutante balls]]
[[Category:Balls in France]]

Rama Janmabhoomi

2022-08-01T14:52:02Z

Zoyahssn: Article shaped.

#REDIRECT [[Ram Janmabhoomi]]

Balbir Singh Dosanjh

2022-06-04T23:21:19Z

Zoyahssn: Redirected page to Balbir Singh Sr.

#REDIRECT [[Balbir Singh Sr.]]

Mohammad Jawed

2021-04-30T04:03:49Z

Zoyahssn:

{{short description|Indian politician (born 1963)}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| honorific_prefix =
| name = Mohammad Jawed
| honorific_suffix = [[Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha|MP]]
| image = Dr. Mohammad Jawed.jpg
| alt =
| office1 = [[Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha]]
| constituency1 = [[Kishanganj (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kishanganj]]
| majority = 
| term_start1 = 23 May 2019
| term_end = 
| predecessor1 = [[Mohammad Asrarul Haque]]
| successor1 = 
| prior_term =
| office2 = [[Member of Legislative Assembly (India)|Member]] of the [[Bihar Legislative Assembly]]
| term_start2 = 2010
| term_end2 = 2019
| predecessor2 = [[Akhtarul Iman]]
| successor2 = [[Qamrul Hoda]]
| constituency2 = [[Kishanganj (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Kishanganj]]
| term_start3 = 2000
| term_end3 = 2005
| predecessor3 = Sikander Singh
| successor3 = Gopal Kumar Agarwal
| constituency3 = [[Thakurganj (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Thakurganj]]
| party = [[Indian National Congress]]
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1963|6|17}}
| birth_place = Goabari, [[Kishanganj District|Kishanganj]]
| death_date =
| death_place =
| spouse = Yuman Husain
| children = 2 sons
| residence = [[Kishanganj District|Kishanganj]]
| alma_mater = [[University of Kashmir]] ([[MBBS]])
| website =
| religion =
| footnotes =
| date = april
| year = 2019
| source = {{url|http://vidhansabha.bih.nic.in/Knowyourmla.html}}
| parents =
| image_size = 100px
}}
'''Mohammad Jawed''' is an [[Indian politician]]. He was elected to the [[Lok Sabha]], lower house of the [[Parliament of India]] from [[Kishanganj (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kishanganj]] [[constituency]] in the [[2019 Indian general election]] as member of the [[Indian National Congress]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.news18.com/news/india/kishanganj-election-results-2019-live-updates-winner-loser-leading-trailing-2155345.html| title=Kishanganj Election Results 2019 Live Updates: Dr. Mohammad Jawed of INC Wins| publisher=[[News18 India|News 18]] | date= 23 May 2019 | accessdate=2019-05-24}}</ref>

== Early life ==
Mohammad Jawed done his [[Matriculation|tenth grade]] (1979) and intermediate (1981) from [[The Air Force School (TAFS)]] in [[New Delhi]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://affidavit.eci.gov.in/CandidateCustomFilter?_token=zVd3WVnGceajvgemzo5nYnq44NvU2Ba0xkkTiVzT&electionType=1&states=S04&phaseName=2&constId=10&submitName=6&page=2|title=Election Commission of India|website=affidavit.eci.gov.in|access-date=2019-05-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190528051835/https://affidavit.eci.gov.in/CandidateCustomFilter?_token=zVd3WVnGceajvgemzo5nYnq44NvU2Ba0xkkTiVzT&electionType=1&states=S04&phaseName=2&constId=10&submitName=6&page=2|archive-date=2019-05-28|url-status=dead}}</ref> He has done [[Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery|MBBS]] from Govt. Medical College, [[University of Kashmir|Kashmir university]] in 1989. Later he moved into politics.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://vidhansabha.bih.nic.in/pdf/member_profile/54.pdf|date=2019-06-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190604030010/http://vidhansabha.bih.nic.in/pdf/member_profile/54.pdf|access-date=2019-06-04|archive-date=2019-06-04}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://vidhansabha.bih.nic.in/pdf/member_profile/54.pdf|title=bihar vidhan sabha constituency no.54}}</ref>

== Personal life ==
Mohammad Jawed married with Yuman Hussain.<ref name=":0"/> He has two sons.<ref name=":0" />

== Political career ==
In 1989, he joined politics. As an [[Indian National Congress]] candidate in [[2000 Bihar Legislative Assembly election]] he won Kishanganj Vidhan Sabha constituency.<ref name="vidhansabha_Knowyourmla">{{Cite web|url=http://vidhansabha.bih.nic.in/Knowyourmla.html|title=BIHAR VIDHAN SABHA/Know your MLA|website=vidhansabha.bih.nic.in|access-date=2019-05-26}}</ref> He was re-elected in Feb 2005, 2010 & 2015 three terms for [[Bihar Legislative Assembly]] from [[Kishanganj (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Kishanganj Vidhan Sabha]] constituency.<ref name="vidhansabha_Knowyourmla"/> He resigned from his [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|MLA post]] and contested the election for the [[Member of parliament, Lok Sabha|Member of Parliament]] from the [[Indian National Congress|Congress Party]] in the [[2019 Indian general election|2019 General Election]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://aajtak.intoday.in/story/kishanganj-lok-sabha-election-result-2019-live-updates-fight-between-mohammad-javed-mahmood-ashraf-1-1085178.html|title=Kishanganj Lok Sabha Chunav Result 2019: कांग्रेस के मो. जावेद ने जदयू के सैयद महमूद अशरफ को हराया|website=aajtak.intoday.in|language=hi|access-date=2019-05-26}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://vidhansabha.bih.nic.in/former_mla.html|title=BIHAR VIDHAN SABHA/Former MLA|website=vidhansabha.bih.nic.in|access-date=2019-05-26}}</ref> He is the solo mp for congress in bihar state.

Apart from this he's currently the Secretary of AICC. He served as the Law, Animal husbandry and Fisheries minister, Chief whip during his tenure as a MLA. He's also a former working president of Bihar Pradesh Congress Committee.

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{Twitter|DrJawedINC}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Jawed, Mohammad}}
[[Category:17th Lok Sabha members]]
[[Category:Lok Sabha members from Bihar]]
[[Category:1963 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:People from Kishanganj district]]
[[Category:Bihar MLAs 2015–2020]]