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Archana Ravichandran

2026-05-03T10:52:21Z

YukikoTousignant: creating initial pg w/ refs...

{{Short description|Indian television actress (born 1997)}}
{{distinguish|Archana Ravi}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2023}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Archana Ravichandran
| image =
| caption =
| birth_name = Archana Ravichandran
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1997|11|11|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Chennai]], [[Tamil Nadu]], India
| years_active = 2020 {{endash}} present
| occupation = {{hlist|Television personality|actress}}
| known_for = ''[[Bigg Boss (Tamil season 7)|Bigg Boss 7]]''
| other_names =
| partner = [[Arun Prasath]] (engaged in 2025)
}}

'''Archana Ravichandran''' (born 11 November 1997)<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/bigg-boss-tamil-8-contestant-arun-prasath-sends-special-birthday-wish-to-this-former-bb-winner-confirming-relationship/26047c6dc9339|title=Bigg Boss Tamil 8: Arun Prasath sends special birthday wish to THIS former BB winner, confirming relationship|website=www.ottplay.com|date=12 November 2024}}</ref> is an Indian actress and television personality who predominantly works in [[Tamil language|Tamil]] television and films.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/from-vj-arachana-to-sushma-nair-tamil-actresses-who-quit-their-popular-shows-midway/photostory/98033471.cms?from=mdr |title=From VJ Arachana to Sushma Nair: Tamil actresses who quit their popular shows midway |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> She is known for her role as Archana in ''[[Raja Rani (Tamil TV series)|Raja Rani 2]]''.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/vj-archana-reveals-why-she-quit-raja-rani-2/articleshow/96705232.cms |title=VJ Archana reveals why she quit Raja Rani 2 |website=[[The Times of India]] |date=3 January 2023}}</ref> She participated in the reality show ''[[Bigg Boss (Tamil season 7)|Bigg Boss 7]]'' and emerged as the winner in 2024.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/vj-archana-shares-a-photo-with-vairamuthu-singer-chinmayi-requests-her-to-be-cautious/articleshow/96572019.cms |title=VJ Archana shares a photo with Vairamuthu; Singer Chinmayi requests her to be 'cautious' |website=[[The Times of India]] |date=28 December 2022}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |url=https://fastread.in/news/archana-ravichandran/#google_vignette |title=Archana Ravichandran: The Versatile Talent of Tamil Entertainment Industry |website=fastread.com |date=31 October 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.rozanaspokesman.com/entertainment/bollywood/150124/who-is-bigg-boss-tamil-7-winner-vj-archana-ravichandran-know-all-abou.html |title=Who is Bigg Boss Tamil 7 Winner VJ Archana Ravichandran? Know all about her |website=rozanaspokesman.com |date=15 January 2024}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/bigg-boss-tamil-is-a-once-in-a-lifetime-experience-and-theres-no-reason-to-be-afraid-of-it-says-former-winner-archana-ravichandran-exclusive/photostory/113692446.cms?picid=113692765 |title="Bigg Boss Tamil is a once-in-a-lifetime experience, and there's no reason to be afraid of it," says, former winner Archana Ravichandran - Exclusive |website=[[The Times of India]] |date=26 September 2024}}</ref>

==Career==
Archana started her career as a video jockey on [[Sun TV (India)|Sun TV]]. She has appeared in some television programs on Sun Tv during her early stages in her career. She made her television debut in the serial ''[[Raja Rani (Tamil TV series)|Raja Rani 2]]'' along with Alya Manasa.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/roshni-haripriya-to-chaitra-reddy-here-are-tamil-actresses-with-huge-fan-following-4604663.html |title=Roshni Haripriya to Chaitra Reddy: Here are Tamil Actresses With Huge Fan Following |website=News18 |date=29 December 2021}}</ref> In the serial, she plays the character role of Archana.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/vj-archana-quits-raja-rani-2-after-long-absence-pens-thank-you-note-for-fans-5844631.html |title=VJ Archana Quits Raja Rani 2 After Long Absence, Pens Thank You Note For Fans |website=News18 |date=29 August 2022}}</ref> She also appeared in the show ''Murattu Singles'' which aired on [[Star Vijay]]. Archana debuted in the film ''[[Demonte Colony 2]]'' as a film actress and is currently undergoing filming and post production work alongside actor [[Arulnithi]].<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/vj-archana-makes-her-kollywood-debut-with-arulnithis-horror-film/articleshow/96672843.cms |title=VJ Archana makes her Kollywood debut with Arulnithi's horror film |website=[[The Times of India]] |date=2 January 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/i-consider-being-a-tamilian-as-my-biggest-strength-vj-archana/articleshow/96863334.cms |title=I consider being a Tamilian as my biggest strength: VJ Archana |website=[[The Times of India]] |date=9 January 2023}}</ref>

Archana won the Indian reality show [[Bigg Boss (Tamil season 7)|Bigg Boss Season 7]], which started in October 2023. She is also the first wildcard contestant to win the show in a main series in whole [[Bigg Boss]] franchise in [[India]].<ref>{{Cite news |title=Bigg Boss Tamil 7 winner: Wild card contestant Archana Ravichandran lifts the trophy; wins a prize money of Rs 50 lakh |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/bigg-boss-tamil-7-winner-wild-card-contestant-archana-ravichandran-lifts-the-trophy-wins-a-prize-money-of-rs-50-lakh/articleshow/106841746.cms |website=The Times of India |date=14 January 2024}}</ref><ref>{{Citation |title=19+ Crores Votes-க்கு ரொம்ப நன்றி 🙏🏻கண்கலங்கிய Vj Archana {{!}} Bigg Boss 7 Title Winner |date=13 January 2024 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BqgeAyUQbE0 |access-date=16 January 2024 |language=en}}</ref>

In 2024, she joined music director [[Arun Raj]] and sang the song titled ''Toxic Kadhal'' which later became a sensational hit around [[India]] and received positive reviews from critics.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.dtnext.in/entertainment/cinema/toxic-kadhal-explores-complexities-of-modern-relationships-805134 |title=Toxic Kadhal explores complexities of modern relationships |website=dtnext.in |date=25 September 2024}}</ref>
==Personal life==
Archana announced her relationship with co television actor [[Arun Prasath]] in 2024.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/we-have-zero-judgements-about-one-another-archana-ravichandran/articleshow/118232157.cms |title=We have zero judgements about one another: Archana Ravichandran|website=[[Times Of India]]|date=14 February 2025}}</ref>

==Filmography==
===Television===

{| class="wikitable"
|- style="background:#b0c4de; text-align:center;"
! Year !! Title
!Channel!! Role
!Notes
!Ref.
|-
| 2020{{dash}}2022
|''[[Raja Rani (Tamil TV series)|Raja Rani Season 2]]''
| rowspan="5" |[[Star Vijay]]||rowspan="2"|Archana
|Vijay Television Awards- Best Actress Replaced by Archana Kumar
|
|-
| 2021–2022
| ''[[Bharathi Kannamma (2019 TV series)|Bharathi Kannamma]]''
| rowspan="2"|Special appearance
|
|-
| rowspan="3" | 2021
|''[[Thaenmozhi B.A]]''||Devi
|
|-
|''Morattu Single season 2''|| rowspan="2" |Contestant
|Episodic Appearance
|
|-
| ''[[Comedy Raja Kalakkal Rani]]''
|Eliminated
|
|-
| 2022
| ''[[Indira (2022 TV series)|Indira]]''
|[[Zee Tamil]]||Mangai
|Special Appearance
|
|-
| 2023{{dash}}2024
|''[[Bigg Boss (Tamil season 7)|Bigg Boss 7]]''
|[[Star Vijay]]|| Contestant
|Winner
|<ref>{{Cite news |date=13 January 2024 |title=Bigg Boss 7 Exclusive: டைட்டில் வென்ற வைல்டுகார்டு போட்டியாளர் அர்ச்சனா! 2வது, 3வது இடங்களில் யார்? |url=https://cinema.vikatan.com/television/archana-has-been-selected-as-the-title-winner-of-bigg-boss-tamil-season-7?pfrom=small-card |access-date=13 January 2024 |work=[[Ananda_Vikatan]]}}</ref>
|-
|rowspan="2"|2024
|''Bigg Boss Kondattam''
|rowspan="2"|[[Star Vijay]]
|rowspan=2"| Guest
|
|<ref>{{Cite news |title=Archana Ravichandran, Maya and other ex-BB Tamil contestants to reunite for 'Bigg Boss Kondattam' |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/archana-ravichandran-maya-and-other-ex-bb-tamil-contestants-to-reunite-for-bigg-boss-kondattam/articleshow/108559031.cms |access-date=7 April 2024 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Bigg Boss (Tamil TV series) season 8|Bigg Boss 8]]''
|To support [[Arun Prasath]]
|<ref>{{Cite news |title=Bigg Boss Tamil 8 Preview: Season 7 winner Archana Ravichandran enters the house in the family round|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/bigg-boss-tamil-8-preview-season-8-winner-archana-ravichandran-enters-the-house-in-the-family-round/articleshow/116712786.cms|access-date=27 December 2024 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>
|}

=== Films ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year !! Title !! Role !!class="unsortable"|{{Refh|Ref}}
|-
| 2024 || ''[[Demonte Colony 2]]''|| rowspan="2" |Aishwarya||<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2023/jan/03/raja-rani-2-serial-fame-vj-archana-joins-demonte-colony-2-38337.html |title=Raja Rani 2 serial fame VJ Archana joins Demonte Colony 2 |work=Cinemaexpress |date=3 January 2023}}</ref>
|-
|2026
|{{pending film|[[Demonte Colony 3]]}}
|
|-
|{{TableTBA}}
|{{pending film|Untitled Sathya Jothi films production}}
|{{TableTBA}}
|
|}

=== Web series ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year !! Title !! Role
!Ref.
|-
|-
| 2020 || ''Kanave Kanave'' ||
|
|-
|-
| 2021 || ''Enaku Kalyana Vayasu Vandhuduchu'' ||
|
|-
| 2023 || ''Aval Ennaval '' ||Maathi
|<ref>{{Citation |title=Aval Ennaval - Episode 1 - VJ Archana, VJ Annamalai - Ansari - Tamil Web Series - Being Thamizhan |date=13 January 2023 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GKjmRJsPv7E |language=en |access-date=8 November 2023}}</ref>
|}

=== Music videos ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year !! Title !! Singer(s)
!Ref.
|-
| 2023 || ''Imaigalo''|| AniVee
|<ref>{{Citation |title=Imaigalo Music Video - AniVee - Archana Ravichandran - Dongli Jumbo-Tamil Pop Music - 2023 Tamil Pop |date=11 May 2023 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=030qHGyVN2c |language=en |access-date=8 November 2023}}</ref>
|-
| 2023 || ''Dhamma Thundu Kaadhal''|| Dharan Kumar
|
|-
| 2024 || ''Toxic Kadhal''|| Arun Raj & Archana Ravichandran
|
|}
===Short films===

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year !! Title !! Role
!Ref.
|-
| 2022 || ''Truth or Dare'' ||
|
|-
| 2022 || ''Love insurance'' ||
|
|-
| 2022 || ''MR Single'' ||
|
|}

== See also ==
*[[List of Indian television actresses]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
* {{IMDb name|14427290}}
*{{Instagram|id=iam_archanaravichandran|name=Archana Ravichandran}}

{{s-start}}
{{succession box |
before= [[Mohammed Azeem]]|
title= [[Bigg Boss Tamil]] Winner |
years= (Series 7) 2023-2024 |
after=[[Muthukumaran Jegatheesan]]
}}
{{s-end}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Archana, V.J.}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1997 births]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian actresses]]
[[Category:Indian television actresses]]
[[Category:Tamil television actresses]]
[[Category:Actresses in Tamil television]]
[[Category:Actresses from Chennai]]
[[Category:Indian television presenters]]
[[Category:Indian women television presenters]]
[[Category:Tamil television presenters]]
[[Category:Bigg Boss (Tamil TV series) winners]]

Gamang ministry

2026-05-02T10:28:12Z

YukikoTousignant: made basic pg first draft

{{Short description|Government of Odisha (Feb {{ndash}} Dec 1999)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2019}}

{{Infobox government cabinet
| cabinet_type = Ministry
| cabinet_number = 24th
| jurisdiction = [[Odisha]]
| flag_border = true
| flag = File:Seal of Odisha.svg
| incumbent = Feb {{ndash}} Dec 1999
| image = File:Giridhar Gamang.jpg
| image_size = 150px
| caption = [[Giridhar Gamang]] [[Chief Minister of Odisha|Hon'ble Chief Minister of Odisha]]
| date_formed = 17 February 1999
| date_dissolved = 6 December 1999
| government_head_title = [[Chief Minister of Odisha|Chief Minister]]
| government_head = [[Giridhar Gamang]]
| deputy_government_head =
| state_head_title = [[Governor of Odisha|Governor]]
| state_head = [[C. Rangarajan]] (Additional Charge) [[M. M. Rajendran]]
| members_number = 27
| political_parties = {{Color box|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}}} [[Indian National Congress]]
| legislature_status = [[Majority government|Majority]]{{Composition bar|81|147|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|per=1}}
| opposition_party = [[Biju Janata Dal]]
| opposition_leader = Satchidananda Dalal
| election = [[1995 Odisha Legislative Assembly election]]
| legislature_term = {{ayd|17 February 1999|6 December 1999}}
| successor = [[Second Hemananda Biswal ministry]]
| cabinet_name = Giridhar Gamang ministry
| predecessor = [[Third Janaki Ballabh Patnaik ministry]]
| incoming_formation = [[11th Orissa Legislative Assembly]]
}}
'''Giridhar Gamang''' was elected as the chief minister of [[Odisha]] in february 1999 after [[Janaki Ballabh Patnaik]] resigned as chief minister owning moral responsibility for the series of attacks on the minorities in the state. <ref>{{Cite news |date=1999-02-18 |title=Gomango sworn-in, to form ministry by Feb 22 |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/news-archive/gomango-sworn-in-to-form-ministry-by-feb-22/?ref=archive_pg |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250914182515/https://indianexpress.com/article/news-archive/gomango-sworn-in-to-form-ministry-by-feb-22/?ref=archive_pg |archive-date=2025-09-14 |access-date=2025-09-14 |work=The Indian Express |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=1999-02-13 |title=Patnaik quits, race for CM hots up |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/news-archive/patnaik-quits-race-for-cm-hots-up/?ref=archive_pg |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250914183852/https://indianexpress.com/article/news-archive/patnaik-quits-race-for-cm-hots-up/?ref=archive_pg |archive-date=2025-09-14 |access-date=2025-09-14 |work=The Indian Express |language=en-US}}</ref>

== Brief history ==
Chief Minister [[Giridhar Gamang]] along with 2 Cabinet Ministers were administered the oath of office and secrecy by Acting Governor [[C. Rangarajan]] at the [[Raj Bhavan, Bhubaneswar]] on 17 February 1999. On 22 February 1999, 12 Cabinet Ministers, 5 Ministers of State (Independent Charge) and 7 Ministers of State were sworn into Council of Ministers and on 24 February 1999, another 2 Ministers of State were included in the Council of Ministers.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-09-14 |title=Brief History of Odisha Legislative Assembly |url=https://assembly.odisha.gov.in/AboutUs.aspx |website=[[Odisha Legislative Assembly]]}}</ref> Shri Gamang resigned on 6 December 1999 following mounting criticism of his handling of rescue and rehabilitation of the [[1999 Odisha cyclone|1999 super cyclone]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=PTI |date=2022-10-31 |title=I am victim of 'super politics', not 1999 Odisha super cyclone: Ex-CM Giridhar Gamang |url=https://theprint.in/india/i-am-victim-of-super-politics-not-1999-odisha-super-cyclone-ex-cm-giridhar-gamang/1189132/ |access-date=2025-09-14 |website=ThePrint |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Das |first=Dr. Sthitaprajna |last2=Panigrahi |first2=Puspalata |date=14 July 2024 |title=A study on the state legislative assembly elections in Odisha (1952-2024) |url=https://www.journalofpoliticalscience.com/uploads/archives/6-2-1-681.pdf |journal=International Journal of Political Science and Governance |volume=6 |issue=2 |pages=28-33 |via=E-ISSN: 2664-603X, P-ISSN: 2664-6021}}</ref>

==Council of Ministers==
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"
|+[https://magazines.odisha.gov.in/orissaannualreference/ORA-2011/pdf/357-397.pdf Source]
!Portfolio
!Portrait
!Name {{small|Constituency|List of constituencies of the Odisha Legislative Assembly}}
! colspan="2" |Tenure
! colspan="2" |Party
|-
|
* [[Chief Minister of Odisha|'''Chief Minister''']]
* [https://home.odisha.gov.in/ Home]
* [https://ga.odisha.gov.in/ General Administration]
* '''Other departments not allocated to any Minister.'''
|[[File:Giridhar Gamang.jpg|100x100px]]
|[[Giridhar Gamang]] {{small|MLA from [[Laxmipur Assembly constituency|Lakshmipur]]}}
|17 February 1999
|6 December 2000
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
! colspan="7" |'''Cabinet Minister'''
|-
|
* [https://dowr.odisha.gov.in/ Water Resources]
* [https://agri.odisha.gov.in/ Agriculture]
* [https://coop.odisha.gov.in/ Co-operation]
* [https://pa.odisha.gov.in/ Parliamentary Affairs]
|[[File:Basant Kumar Biswal.jpg|100x100px]]
|[[Basant Kumar Biswal|Basanta Kumar Biswal]] {{small|MLA from [[Tirtol Assembly constituency|Tirtol]]}}
|22 February 1999
|6 December 1999
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|
*[https://rd.odisha.gov.in/ Rural Development]
*[https://panchayat.odisha.gov.in/ Panchayati Raj]
|[[File:Kahnu Charan Lenka (cropped).jpg|100x100px]]
|[[Kahnu Charan Lenka]] {{small|MLA from [[Choudwar-Cuttack Assembly constituency|Choudwar]]}}
|22 February 1999
|6 December 1999
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|
* [https://labour.odisha.gov.in/ Labour & Employment]
* [https://pe.odisha.gov.in/ Public Enterprises]
| [[File:Durga Shankar Pattanayak.jpg|100x100px]]
|Durga Shankar Pattanayak {{small|MLA from [[Sambalpur Assembly constituency|Sambalpur]]}}
|22 February 1999
|6 December 1999
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|
* [https://energy.odisha.gov.in/ Energy]
* [https://health.odisha.gov.in/ Health & Family Welfare]
| [[File:Niranjan Patnaik.jpg|100x100px]]
|[[Niranjan Patnaik]] {{small|MLA from [[Ramchandrapur Assembly Constituency|Ramchandrapur]]}}
|22 February 1999
|6 December 1999
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|
* [https://dhe.odisha.gov.in/ Higher Education]
* [https://ga.odisha.gov.in/ Public Grievances & Pension Administration]
| [[File:Bhagabat Prasad Mohanty.jpg|100x100px]]
|[[Bhagabat Prasad Mohanty]] {{small|MLA from [[Kendrapara Assembly constituency|Kendrapara]]}}
|22 February 1999
|6 December 1999
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|
* [https://works.odisha.gov.in/ Works]
* [https://urban.odisha.gov.in/ Urban Development]
* [https://inpr.odisha.gov.in/ Information & Public Relations]
|[[File:Bhupinder Singh.jpg|100x100px]]
|[[Bhupinder Singh (politician)|Bhupinder Singh]] {{small|MLA from [[Kesinga Assembly constituency|Kesinga]]}}
|22 February 1999
|6 December 1999
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|
* [https://food.odisha.gov.in/ Food Supplies & Consumer Welfare]
* [https://sme.odisha.gov.in/ School & Mass Education]
| [[File:Sk. Matlub Ali.jpg|100x100px]]
|Sk. Matlub Ali {{small|MLA from [[Mahanga Assembly constituency|Mahanga]]}}
|22 February 1999
|6 December 1999
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|
* [https://finance.odisha.gov.in/ Finance]
* [https://law.odisha.gov.in/ Law]
| [[File:Raghunath Patnaik.jpg|100x100px]]
|[[Raghunath Patnaik]] {{small|MLA from [[Jeypore Assembly constituency|Jeypore]]}}
|22 February 1999
|6 December 1999
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|
* [https://revenue.odisha.gov.in/ Revenue]
* [https://fard.odisha.gov.in/ Fisheries & Animal Resources Development]
| [[File:Jagannath Patnaik.jpg|100x100px]]
|Jagannath Patnaik {{small|MLA from [[Nuapada Assembly constituency|Nawapara]]}}
|22 February 1999
|6 December 1999
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|
* [https://stsc.odisha.gov.in/ Schedule Tribes & Schedule Castes Development]
| [[File:Gajadhar Majhi.jpg|100x100px]]
|[[Gajadhar Majhi]] {{small|MLA from [[Talsara Assembly constituency|Talsara]]}}
|22 February 1999
|6 December 1999
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|
* [https://dot.odisha.gov.in/ Tourism]
* [https://pc.odisha.gov.in/ Planning & Coordination]
| [[File:Netrananda Mallick.jpg|100x100px]]
|Netrananda Mallick {{small|MLA from [[Chandabali Assembly constituency|Chandbali]]}}
|22 February 1999
|6 December 1999
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|
* [https://wcd.odisha.gov.in/ Women & Child Development]
| [[File:Saraswati Hembram.jpg|100x100px]]
|[[Saraswati Hembram]] {{small|MLA from [[Khunta Assembly constituency|Khunta]]}}
|22 February 1999
|6 December 1999
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
! colspan="7" |'''Minister of State with Independent Charges'''
|-
|
* [https://ct.odisha.gov.in/ Transport]
| [[File:Prakash Chandra Debata.jpg|100x100px]]
|Prakash Chandra Debata {{small|MLA from [[Melchhamunda Assembly constituency|Melchhamunda]]}}
|22 February 1999
|6 December 1999
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|
* [https://excise.odisha.gov.in/ Excise]
* [https://sports.odisha.gov.in/ Sports and Youth Affairs]
| [[File:Suresh Kumar Routray.jpg|100x100px]]
|[[Suresh Kumar Routray]] {{small|MLA from [[Jatani Assembly constituency|Jatani]]}}
|22 February 1999
|6 December 1999
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|
* [https://ct.odisha.gov.in/ Commerce]
| [[File:Nabin Chandra Narayan Das.jpg|100x100px]]
|Nabin Chandra Narayan Das {{small|MLA from [[Dhenkanal Assembly constituency|Dhenkanal]]}}
|22 February 1999
|6 December 1999
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|
* [https://handloom.odisha.gov.in/ Textiles & Handlooms]
| [[File:Bijayalaxmi Sahoo.jpg|100x100px]]
|Bijayalaxmi Sahoo {{small|MLA from [[Cuttack Sadar Assembly constituency|Cuttack Sadar]]}}
|22 February 1999
|6 December 1999
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|
* [https://steelmines.odisha.gov.in/ Steel & Mines]
| [[File:Haladhar Karjee.jpg|100x100px]]
|Haladhar Karjee {{small|MLA from [[Ramagiri Assembly constituency|Ramagiri]]}}
|22 February 1999
|6 December 1999
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
! colspan="7" |'''Minister of State'''
|-
|
* [https://industries.odisha.gov.in/ Industries]
| [[File:Debendranath Mansingh.jpg|100x100px]]
|Debendranath Mansingh {{small|MLA from [[Chilika Assembly constituency|Chilika]]}}
|22 February 1999
|6 December 1999
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|
* [https://health.odisha.gov.in/ Health & Family Welfare]
| [[File:Anantaram Majhi.jpg|100x100px]]
|Anantaram Majhi {{small|MLA from [[Laxmipur Assembly constituency|Lakshmipur]]}}
|22 February 1999
|15 March 1999
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|
* [https://fard.odisha.gov.in/ Fisheries & Animal Resources Development]
| [[File:Padmalochan Panda.jpg|100x100px]]
|[[Padma Lochan Panda|Padmalochan Panda]] {{small|MLA from [[Simulia Assembly constituency|Simulia]]}}
|22 February 1999
|6 December 1999
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|
* [https://urban.odisha.gov.in/ Urban Development]
| [[File:Usha Rani Panda.jpg|100x100px]]
|Usha Rani Panda {{small|MLA from [[Aska Assembly constituency|Aska]]}}
|22 February 1999
|6 December 1999
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|
* [https://sme.odisha.gov.in/ School & Mass Education]
| [[File:Ripunath Seth.jpg|100x100px]]
|[[Ripunath Seth]] {{small|MLA from [[Bijepur Assembly constituency|Bijepur]]}}
|22 February 1999
|6 December 1999
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|
* [https://home.odisha.gov.in/ Home]
* [https://st.odisha.gov.in/ Science & Technology]
* [https://culture.odisha.gov.in/ Culture]
|[[File:Prasad Harichandan (cropped).JPG|100x100px]]
|[[Prasad Kumar Harichandan]] {{small|MLA from [[Satyabadi Assembly constituency|Satyabadi]]}}
|22 February 1999
|6 December 1999
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|
*[https://forest.odisha.gov.in/ Forest and Environment]
| [[File:Surendra Singh Bhoi.jpg|100x100px]]
|Surendra Singh Bhoi {{small|MLA from [[Saintala Assembly constituency|Saintala]]}}
|22 February 1999
|6 December 1999
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|
*[https://rd.odisha.gov.in/ Rural Development]
*[https://panchayat.odisha.gov.in/ Panchayati Raj]
|[[File:Parama Pujari.jpg|100x100px]]
|[[Parama Pujari]] {{small|MLA from [[Umerkote Assembly constituency|Umarkote]]}}
|24 February 1999
|6 December 1999
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|
* [https://food.odisha.gov.in/ Food Supplies & Consumer Welfare]
| [[File:Ganeswar Behera.jpg|100x100px]]
|[[Ganeswar Behera]] {{small|MLA from [[Patamundai Assembly constituency|Patamundai]]}}
|24 February 1999
|6 December 1999
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|}

== References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Chief ministers of Odisha}}

[[Category:1999 establishments in Orissa]]
[[Category:Indian ministries established in 1999|Gamang]]
[[Category:Indian ministries disestablished in 2000|Gamang]]
[[Category:Odisha ministries|Gamang]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress]]

Punjabi Culture Day

2026-04-30T05:36:01Z

YukikoTousignant: adding basic pg initial version.

{{short description|Honors the heritage and culture of Punjab}}
{{Infobox holiday
|image = Culture of province punjab.jpg
|image_size = 270px
|caption = Punjabi Cultural celebration
|holiday_name = Punjabi Culture Day
|duration = 1 day
|frequency = Annual
|observedby = People of [[Punjab]] and by [[Punjabis|Punjabi community]] all over the world
|significance = Honors the Punjabi heritage and [[Punjabi culture]]
|celebrations = {{blist |[[Folk dances of Punjab|Punjabi folk dancing]]|Historical & Cultural exhibitions|Singing [[Folk music of Punjab|Punjabi folk songs]], and [[Punjabi literature|Punjabi poetry]]|Family & social gatherings}}
|date = 14th March (1st [[Chet (month)|Chet]] of [[Punjabi calendar]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://in.news.yahoo.com/devotees-holy-dip-sarovar-golden-050800600.html|title=Devotees take holy dip in sarovar at Golden Temple on Sikh New Year|website=Yahoo! News|language=en-IN|access-date=2020-03-14}}</ref>)
|type = Cultural
|date2025 = 14 March
|date2026 = 14 March
|relatedto =
}}{{Punjabis}}

'''Punjabi Culture Day''', also known as '''Punjabi New Year''', is a [[Punjabi festivals|Punjabi festival]] celebrated on the first day (1 [[Chet (month)|Chet]]) of the [[Punjabi calendar]], corresponding to 14 March. It is observed throughout the [[Punjab]] for the celebration and demonstration of [[Punjabi culture]] by [[Punjabis]], and also among the [[Punjabi diaspora]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/city/chandigarh/devotees-take-holy-dip-in-golden-temple-sarovar-on-sikh-new-year/videoshow/74630356.cms|title=Devotees take holy dip in Golden Temple sarovar on Punjabi New Year|website=The Times of India|language=en|access-date=2020-03-14}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://en.dailypakistan.com.pk/12-Mar-2020/punjab-culture-day-to-be-celebrated-on-march-14-2020|title=Punjab Culture Day to be celebrated on March 14, 2020|date=2020-03-12|website=Daily Pakistan Global|language=en|access-date=2020-03-14}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://photo.app.com.pk/photo/2020/03/lahore-march-14-%c2%96-traditional-dancers-and-drummers-performing-during-punjab-culture-day-organized-by-department-of-live-stock-and-dairy-development-at-shimla-pahari-app-photo-by-ashraf-ch/|title=March 14 Traditional dancers and drummers performing during Punjab Culture Day – APP Photo Service|last=Ashraf Ch|language=en-US|access-date=2020-03-14}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/595259/punjabis-status-as-official-language-sought|title=Punjabi's status as official language sought|date=2011-01-01|website=DAWN.COM|language=en|access-date=2020-03-14}}</ref>

==Celebration==
On Punjabi Culture Day, events such as [[Folk music of Punjab|music]], [[Folk dances of Punjab|dance]], [[Bhangra (dance)|bhangra]], plays, exhibition, film festival, [[Punjabi cuisine|food]] and [[Punjabi clothing|traditional dress]]es in the form of stalls to introduce cultural values to new generations of Punjabis.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thenews.com.pk/print/627757-punjab-culture-day-on-14th|title=Punjab Culture Day on 14th|website=www.thenews.com.pk|language=en|access-date=2020-03-14}}</ref> In different programmes, tribute are paid to masters in the field of Fine Arts with purpose of promoting love and courtesy on national level.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.urdupoint.com/en/pakistan/lahore-arts-council-to-celebrate-punjab-cultu-862616.html|title=Lahore Arts Council To Celebrate Punjab Cultural Day At Alhamra|website=UrduPoint|language=en|access-date=2020-03-14}}</ref> 2020 Punjab Culture Day celebrated Punjab's [[Punjabi festivals|customary festivities]] and traditional colours on March 14 at [[Lahore]]'s [[Alhamra Arts Council]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thenews.com.pk/print/628225-cultural-day-preparations-reviewed|title=Cultural day preparations reviewed|website=www.thenews.com.pk|language=en|access-date=2020-03-14}}</ref> [[Government of Punjab, Pakistan]], under [[List of Chief Ministers of Punjab (Pakistan)|Chief Minister]] approved the celebrations of Punjab Culture Day at national level.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://arynews.tv/en/punjab-culture-day-march-14/|title=Punjab Culture Day to be celebrated on March 14|date=2020-03-12|website=ARY NEWS|language=en-US|access-date=2020-03-14}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://dailytimes.com.pk/575150/cm-approves-to-celebrate-punjab-cultural-day-on-march-14/|title=CM approves to celebrate Punjab Cultural Day on March 14|date=2020-03-12|website=Daily Times|language=en-US|access-date=2020-03-14}}</ref> [[List of Chief Ministers of Punjab (Pakistan)|Chief Minister]] described that the purpose to observe the Punjab Culture Day is to highlight different facets of Punjab culture and the land of Punjab is filled with hospitality, love and affection.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://dailytimes.com.pk/575952/cm-buzdar-reviews-arrangements-at-corona-management-centre/|title=CM Buzdar reviews arrangements at Corona Management Centre|date=2020-03-14|website=Daily Times|language=en-US|access-date=2020-03-14}}</ref>

==Gallery==
<gallery>
File:Garba - graceful flow of colours.jpg
File:Bhangra Dance punjab.jpg
File:Giddha dance Teeyan Punjab Teej India 2.jpg
File:MissPooja2.jpg
File:Apr 21 ontario place punjabi virsa miss brampton.JPG
File:Punjabi Culture at Lok Virsa Museum - panoramio.jpg
File:Pakistan monument museum punjab culture.jpg
File:Nawab Ghous Bukash Raisani tent pegging G-16 Islamabad 34.JPG
File:Culture Of Punjab.jpg
File:Art of Punjab Culture.jpg
File:Punjabi Traditional Fashion - Cultural Night - Wiki Conference India - CGC - Mohali 2016-08-05 7367.JPG
File:Charkha and Chakki.jpg
File:Saron Da Saag.jpg
File:Kikli and salwar suits.jpg
File:Virasti Mela, Bathinda (Punjabi Heritage Festival) (23).jpg
File:Virasti Mela, Bathinda (Punjabi Heritage Festival) (38).jpg
File:Virasti Mela, Bathinda (Punjabi Heritage Festival) (40).jpg
File:Virasti Mela, Bathinda (Punjabi Heritage Festival) (107).jpg
File:Punjabi Traditional Fashion - Cultural Night - Wiki Conference India - CGC - Mohali 2016-08-05 7357.JPG
File:Punjabi Dance - Cultural Night - Wiki Conference India - CGC - Mohali 2016-08-05 7429.JPG
</gallery>

==See also==
* [[Punjabi culture]]
* [[Punjabiyat]]
* [[Punjabi nationalism]]
* [[Flag of Punjab, Pakistan]]
* [[Punjabi Language Movement]]
* [[Punjabi clothing]]
* [[Punjabi cuisine]]
* [[Lohri]]
* [[Vaisakhi]]
* [[Livestock show]]
* [[Punjabi festivals (Pakistan)]]
* [[Punjabi festivals]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*[https://www.facebook.com/events/lahore-press-club-lahore-pakistan/punjab-culture-day/2265644233732067/ Punjab Culture Day event]

{{Punjabi festivals}}

[[Category:Punjabi culture]]
[[Category:Punjabi festivals]]
[[Category:March observances]]
[[Category:Saturday observances]]
[[Category:Holidays and observances by scheduling (nth weekday of the month)]]
[[Category:Annual events in India]]
[[Category:Annual events in Pakistan]]

India–Republic of the Congo relations

2026-04-29T07:38:02Z

YukikoTousignant:

{{Infobox bilateral relations|India–Republic of the Congo|map=India Republic of the Congo Locator.png|India|Republic of the Congo|filetype=svg}}
'''India–Republic of the Congo relations''' are the international relations that exist between [[India]] and the [[Republic of the Congo|Congo]]. Congo maintains an embassy in [[New Delhi]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Diplomatic Missions in India|url=http://meaprotocol.nic.in/?a1Republic/of/Congo?|website=Protocol Division, Ministry of External Affairs|access-date=5 April 2017|language=en}}</ref> India opened an [[Embassy of India, Brazzaville|embassy in Brazzaville]] in November 2019.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Embassy of India, Brazzaville, Republic of Congo : India-Republic of Congo (ROC) Relations|url=https://www.eoibrazzaville.gov.in/page/india-republic-of-congo-roc-relations/|access-date=2021-08-25|website=www.eoibrazzaville.gov.in}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Hony Consulates under Embassy of India, Kinshasa|url=http://eoi.gov.in/kinshasa/?0806?000|website=Embassy of India, Kinshasa|access-date=5 April 2017|language=en}}</ref>

==History==
India and the Congo signed a protocol on Foreign Office Consultations on 17 March 2010, and the first Consultations were held in Brazzaville on 21 January 2011. Several ministerial level visits have taken place between the two countries.<ref name="MEA2016">{{cite web|title=India – Republic of Congo Relations|url=http://www.mea.gov.in/Portal/ForeignRelation/Bilateral_Briefs__ROC_2016.pdf|website=Ministry of External Affairs|access-date=5 April 2017|date=December 8, 2016}}</ref>

India and the Congo were among the first 19 countries to join the [[International Solar Alliance]], proposed by Prime Minister Narendra Modi, on 15 November 2016.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ians/19-countries-sign-up-for-solar-alliance-116111701463_1.html|title=19 countries sign up for solar alliance|last=IANS|date=2016-11-17|work=Business Standard India|access-date=2017-04-14}}</ref>

==Trade==
India was the third largest source for imports to the Congo in 2015.<ref>{{cite web|title=Trade Profiles|url=http://stat.wto.org/CountryProfile/WSDBCountryPFView.aspx?Language=E&Country=CG|website=World Trade Organization|access-date=15 April 2017|archive-date=11 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191111211527/http://stat.wto.org/CountryProfile/WSDBCountryPFView.aspx?Language=E&Country=CG|url-status=dead}}</ref> Bilateral trade between India and the Congo totaled US$368.28 million in 2015–16, declining from $618.41 million the previous fiscal. India exported $166.64 million worth of goods to the Congo, and imported $201.64 million in 2015–16.<ref name="MEA2016"/> The Congo was the fourth largest African exporter to India in 2008.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Campbell|first1=Keith|title=Economic relations between South Africa and India blossoming|url=http://www.engineeringnews.co.za/print-version/economic-relationship-between-south-africa-and-india-is-blossoming-2013-05-10|website=Engineering News|access-date=5 April 2017|date=10 May 2013}}</ref> The main commodities exported by India to the Congo are non-basmati rice, tea, spirits and beverages, power loom fabrics, pharmaceuticals, meat products, household articles of steel, and bicycles. The major commodities imported by India from the Congo are metallic ore, metal scrap, organic chemicals, pearls, semi-precious stones, oil seeds and petroleum.<ref name="MEA2016"/>

In June 2010, [[Bharti Airtel]] struck a deal to buy [[Zain Group|Zain]]'s mobile operations in 15 African countries, including the Congo, for $8.97 billion, in India's second biggest overseas acquisition after Tata Steel's US$13 billion buy of Corus in 2007. Bharti Airtel completed the acquisition on 8 June 2010.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-zain-bharti-idUSTRE6570VJ20100608|title=Bharti closes $9 billion Zain Africa deal|last1=Tripathy | first1=Devidutta |last2=Goma |first2=Eman |date=8 June 2010|work=[[Reuters]]|publisher=Reuters|access-date=7 September 2014}}</ref> On 5 November 2013, Airtel entered into an agreement to acquire Warid Congo SA., the Congo subsidiary of the Warid Group, for $70–80 million. The deal made Airtel the largest mobile network operator in the Congo with 2.6 million customers at the time of the acquisition.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Reporter|first1=B. S.|title=Bharti Airtel to acquire Warid Group's Congo business|url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/bharti-airtel-to-acquire-warid-group-s-congo-business-113110500153_1.html|website=Business Standard India|access-date=5 April 2017|date=6 November 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Bharti Airtel to acquire Warid's Congo operations|url=http://www.livemint.com/Companies/rKXKDoFsGG1I9FxspGsNEI/Bharti-Airtel-to-acquire-Warids-Congo-operations.html|website=Mint|access-date=5 April 2017|date=5 November 2013}}</ref> Ashok Leyland was awarded a contract to supply 200 buses to the Government of Congo.<ref name="MEA2016"/>

The Congo was the "focus country" at the 10th CII-EXIM Bank Conclave on India-Africa Project Partnership in New Delhi in March 2014. Congo Industry Minister Isidore Mvouba attended the event and addressed delegates. Mvouba stated that Indian government and industry had already participated in [[rural electrification]], urban transportation and food quality control projects, as well as in sectors like cement and pharmaceuticals in the Congo. He urged Indian firms to "partner the Republic of Congo government in converting the country's comparative advantage in different sectors into competitive strengths" and help the country become an emerging economy by 2025.<ref>{{cite web|title='Indian private sector can partner Republic of Congo economy'|url=http://www.indiatvnews.com/business/india/latest-news-indian-private-sector-can-partner-republic-of-congo-10610.html|website=India TV|date=13 June 2013 |access-date=5 April 2017}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
|+Trade between India and Congo<ref>{{Cite web|title=Embassy of India, Brazzaville, Republic of Congo : India-Republic of Congo (ROC) Relations|url=https://www.eoibrazzaville.gov.in/page/india-republic-of-congo-roc-relations/|access-date=2021-08-25|website=www.eoibrazzaville.gov.in}}</ref>
|Year
|2013-14
|2014-15
|2015-16
|2016-17
|2017-18
|2018-19
|2019-20
|2020-21

April - Feb
|-
|Exports
|210
|253
|167
|136
|117
|124
|113
|245
|-
|Imports
|90
|366
|202
|157
|199
|403
|587
|96
|-
|Total trade
|300
|619
|369
|293
|316
|527
|700
|341
|}

==Foreign aid==
The Congolese Government signed a Line of Credit (LOC) agreement worth US$70 million on 19 December 2011, to fund a rural electrification project. India extended an LOC of $89.9 million in 2014 to develop transportation systems in Brazzaville and Pointe Noire. India extended another LOC worth $55 million in the same year for the construction of a greenfield 600 tpd rotary kiln based cement plant.<ref name="MEA2016"/>

India donated medicines worth $200,000 in 2010 to Congo, and $500,000 as humanitarian assistance and disaster relief for the victims of a blast at an ordnance depot in Congo on 4 March 2012. India implemented the Pan African e-network project in Congo. Tele-education, Tele-medicine and VVIP connectivity nodes were established in Brazzaville under the project. At the second India Africa Forum Summit, India offered to establish a Rural Technology Park (RTP), a Food Testing Laboratory (FTL), an Agricultural Seed Production-cum-Demonstration Centre (ASPDC), and a Centre for English Language Training (CELT) in Congo. The Government of Congo expressed interest on all the facilities, except the Rural Technology Park.<ref name="MEA2016" />

Citizens of Congo are eligible for scholarships under the [[Indian Technical and Economic Cooperation Programme]] and the [[Indian Council for Cultural Relations]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Africa Scholarships|url=http://www.iccr.gov.in/content/africa-scholarships|website=Indian Council for Cultural Relations|access-date=5 April 2017|language=en}}</ref> Several officials from Congo have also received training programs under the AIFS.<ref name="MEA2016" />

==Indians in the Congo==
As of December 2016, around 300 Indians reside in the Congo. They are primarily engaged in trading and the service sector.<ref name="MEA2016" />

==See also==
*[[Foreign relations of India]]
*[[Foreign relations of the Republic of the Congo]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Foreign relations of India}}
{{Foreign relations of the Republic of the Congo}}
{{Portal bar|Politics|Republic of the Congo|India}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Republic of Congo-India relations}}
[[Category:Bilateral relations of the Republic of the Congo|India]]
[[Category:Bilateral relations of India]]
[[Category:India–Republic of the Congo relations| ]]

Sruthi Raj

2026-04-27T17:19:13Z

YukikoTousignant: stub

{{short description|Indian actress}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2018}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Sruthi Raj
| image =
| caption =
| birth_date = 
| birth_place = 
| occupation = Actress
| years active = 1995–present
| alias = Laksi, Sonu, Preethi<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indolink.com/tamil/cinema/People/98/Feb/kuttisp2.htm|title=untitled|url-status=usurped|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20010622013930/http://www.indolink.com/tamil/cinema/People/98/Feb/kuttisp2.htm|archive-date=22 June 2001}}</ref>
| spouse =
}}

'''Sruthi Raj''' is an Indian film and television actress. She has acted in a few [[Kannada]], [[Malayalam]], [[Telugu language|Telugu]], and [[Tamil language|Tamil]] films before moving on to act in Tamil TV serials. She is known for her leading roles in the popular Tamil TV serials ''[[Thendral]]'', ''[[Office (2013 series)|Office]],'' ''[[Azhagu (TV series)|Azhagu]]'', and<ref>{{cite web | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/azhagu-fame-sruthi-raj-thanks-everyone-for-making-her-birthday-special-read-post/articleshow/74317600.cms | title=Azhagu fame Sruthi Raj thanks everyone for making her birthday special; read post | work=[[The Times of India]] | date=26 February 2020 | access-date=3 August 2021}}</ref> ''[[Thalattu]].''<ref>{{cite web | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/krishna-and-sruthi-raj-announce-their-next-project-thalattu-urges-fans-to-support/articleshow/82079310.cms | title=Krishna and Sruthi Raj announce their next project 'Thalattu'; urges fans to support | work=[[The Times of India]] | date=15 April 2021 | access-date=3 August 2021}}</ref>

==Career==
Sruthi co-starred as Vijay's college mate in the movie ''[[Maanbumigu Maanavan]]'' in the year 1996.{{Citation needed|date=December 2022}}
Srilata, a veteran Malayalam comedy actress, passed Sruthi's photo to director [[K. G. George]], who was on the lookout for a fresh teenager, to act alongside [[Mammootty]] and [[Khushbu Sundar|Khushbu]] in ''[[Elavamkodu Desam]]''.<ref>{{cite web|work=Chennai Online|access-date=20 January 2024|url=http://www.chennaionline.com/reeltalk/feb01.asp|title=Reel talk for 1st Feb 2003|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030216041016/http://www.chennaionline.com/reeltalk/feb01.asp#rtalk1|archive-date=16 February 2003}}</ref> After acting in this film, she co-starred in ''[[Udayapuram Sulthan]]'' and ''[[Priyam (2000 film)|Priyam]]''. At the same time, she also entered the Telugu market through the films ''[[Veedekkadi Mogudandi?]]'' and ''[[O Chinadana]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Telugu Cinema - Review - O Chinnadana - Srikanth, Raja, Gajala, Sruthi Raj - E Sathi Babu - Vidya sagar - Marudhuri Raja |url=http://www.idlebrain.com/movie/archive/mr-ochinnadana.html |access-date=2022-04-02 |website=www.idlebrain.com}}</ref>

In 2004, her single lead release was ''[[Kadhal Dot Com]].'' She went on to do lead roles in ''[[Manthiran]]'' and ''[[Jerry (film)|Jerry]]''. However, none of her movies shined at the box office and she went unnoticed on account of it.<ref>{{Citation |title=Actress Shruthi Raj Caught Outside 'Office' by IndiaGlitz {{!}} Vijay Tv Office Serial Rajee Interview | date=27 October 2014 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KHG0wDIV85M |language=en |access-date=2022-04-02}}</ref>

In 2009, she turned her attention towards small-screen and began her career in the television industry: ''[[Thendral]],'' Sun TV's prime time serial, directed by S.Kumaran, became her first project. She, then, acted in Vijay TV's workplace drama ''[[Office (2013 TV series)|Office]]''. She continues to act in lead roles in serials, notably ''[[Azhagu (TV series)|Azhagu]]'' <ref>{{Cite news|title=Revathí's Azhagu to be aired from November 20|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/revathis-azhagu-to-be-aired-from-november-20/articleshow/61672864.cms|access-date=2021-12-30|website=The Times of India|date=16 November 2017 |language=en}}</ref>''[[Thalattu]]'' and [[Lakshmi (2024 TV series)|''Lakshmi'']] on Sun TV.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Krishna and Sruthi Raj announce their next project 'Thalattu'; urges fans to support|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/krishna-and-sruthi-raj-announce-their-next-project-thalattu-urges-fans-to-support/articleshow/82079310.cms|access-date=2021-12-30|website=The Times of India|date=15 April 2021 |language=en}}</ref>

==Filmography==

{|class="wikitable sortable"
! Year
! Title
! Role
! Language
! class="unsortable"|Notes
|-
| 1995|| ''[[Agrajan]]'' || Jancy || [[Malayalam]]||
|-
| 1996 || ''[[Maanbumigu Maanavan]]'' || Priya || [[Tamil language|Tamil]] ||
|-
| rowspan="4" | 1998 || ''Aanappara Achamma'' || -|| Malayalam||Unreleased
|-
| ''[[Ini Ellam Sugame]]'' || Nirmala || Tamil ||Credited as Lakshi
|-
| ''[[Andaman (1998 film)|Andaman]]'' || Monisha || [[Kannada]] || Credited as Soni
|-
| ''[[Elavamkodu Desam]]'' || Nandhini || rowspan="4" | Malayalam ||
|-
| 1999 || ''[[Udayapuram Sulthan]]'' || Sreelakshmi ||
|-
| rowspan="4" | 2000 || ''[[Priyam (2000 film)|Priyam]]'' || Nancy ||
|-
| ''[[Varavaay]]''||Veni ||
|-
| ''Sulthan''||Manga || rowspan="3" | Kannada||
|-
| ''Brahma Vishnu''||Shruti ||
|-
| 2001 || ''Halappa'' || Shanthi ||<ref>{{cite web | url=https://kannadamoviesinfo.wordpress.com/2017/01/18/halappa-2001/ | title=Halappa – ಹಾಲಪ್ಪ (2001/೨೦೦೧) | date=18 January 2017 }}</ref>
|-
| 2001 || ''[[Dhosth (2001 Malayalam film)|Dosth]]'' || Chinju || Malayalam ||
|-
| 2001 || ''[[Veedekkadi Mogudandi?]]'' || Shruti || [[Telugu language|Telugu]] ||
|-
| 2002 || ''[[O Chinadana]]'' || Divya || Telugu ||
|-
| 2003 || ''[[War and Love (2003 film)|War and Love]]'' ||Shabana || Malayalam|||
|-
| 2004 || ''[[Kadhal Dot Com]]'' || Priya || rowspan="4" | Tamil ||<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hindu.com/fr/2004/04/09/stories/2004040901800300.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040705172258/http://www.hindu.com/fr/2004/04/09/stories/2004040901800300.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=2004-07-05|title=Kaadhal Dot Com|date=2004-04-09|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|access-date=2013-08-28}}</ref>
|-
| 2005 || ''[[Manthiran]]'' || Abhi ||
|-
| 2006 || ''[[Jerry (film)|Jerry]]'' || Janaki ||
|-
| 2008 || ''[[Iyakkam]]'' || Sarasu ||
|}

==Television==
;Serials
{|class="wikitable sortable"
! Year
! Title
! Role
! Language
! Channel
! class="unsortable"|Notes
|-
|2009–2015
|''[[Thendral]]''
|rowspan="2" | Thulasi
|rowspan="2" |[[Tamil (language)|Tamil]]
|rowspan="2" |[[Sun TV (India)|Sun TV]]
|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/story/thendral-video-goes-viral-on-youtube-watch-video-97237-2012-03-26 | title=Thendral video goes viral on Youtube | publisher=indiatoday.intoday.in | date=27 March 2012 | access-date=3 January 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/director-kb-honoured/177277-60-120.html | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141020003046/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/director-kb-honoured/177277-60-120.html | url-status=dead | archive-date=20 October 2014 | title=Director KB honoured | publisher=ibnlive.in.com | date=21 August 2011 | access-date=8 October 2014}}</ref>
|-
|2011
|''[[Thirumathi Selvam]]''
|Crossover episode in Thirumathi Selvam andThendral
|-
|2011–2012
|''Shravani Subramanyam''
| Shravani
|[[Telugu Language|Telugu]]
|[[Gemini TV]]
|
|-
|2013–2015
|''[[Office (2013 series)|Office]]''
|Rajalakshmi aka Raji
|rowspan="11" | [[Tamil language|Tamil]]
|[[Star Vijay]]
|<ref>{{cite web | url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/tv/Vijay-Television-awards-launched/articleshow/35617411.cms | title=Vijay Television awards launched | newspaper=[[The Times of India]] | date=26 May 2014 | access-date=8 October 2014}}</ref>
|-
|2015–2016
|''[[Annakodiyum Aindhu Pengalum]]''
|Gowri
|[[Zee Tamil]]
|
|-
|2015–2018
|''[[Apoorva Raagangal (TV series)|Apoorva Raagangal]]''
|Pavithira
|rowspan="10" | [[Sun TV (India)|Sun TV]]
|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://cinema.dinamalar.com/tamil-news/35714/cinema/Kollywood/Sruti-raj-in-new-serial.htm | title=அபூர்வ ராகங்கள் தொடரில் தென்றல் | publisher=[[Dinamalar]] | date=6 August 2015 | access-date=13 August 2015}}</ref>
|-
|2018–2020
|''[[Azhagu (TV series)|Azhagu]]''
| Sudha
|
|-
|2021–2023
|''[[Thalattu (TV Series)|Thalattu]]''
|Isaipriya
|
|-
|2021
|''[[Kannana Kanne (TV series)|Kannana Kanne]]''
|Isaipriya
|Special Appearance
|-
|rowspan="3"|2022
|''Aruvi''
|Herself
|Special Appearance
|-
|''Priyamana Thozhi''
|Isaipriya
|Special Appearance
|-
|''Ilakkiya''
|Mahalakshmi
|Special Appearance
|-
|2024–2026
|[[Lakshmi (2024 TV series)|''Lakshmi'']]
|Mahalakshmi
|
|-
|2026–Present
|[[Nilave Vaa|''Nilave Vaa'']]
|Ilavarasi
|
|}

;Shows
{|class="wikitable sortable"
! Year
! Title
! Role
! Language
! Channel
|-
|2020
|''[[Vanakkam Tamizha]]''
|rowspan="2"|Guest
|rowspan="10"|[[Tamil (language)|Tamil]]
|rowspan="10"|[[Sun TV (India)|Sun TV]]
|-
|rowspan="3"|2021
|''[[Vanakkam Tamizha]]''
|-
|''Poova Thalaya''
|Contestant
|-
|''[[Vanakkam Tamizha]]''
|Guest
|-
|rowspan="5"|2022
|''Maathi Yosi''
|Contestant
|-
|''[[Vanakkam Tamizha]]''
|Guest
|-
|''Mathappu Mamiyar Pattas Marumagal''
|Isaipriya
|-
|''[[Vanakkam Tamizha]]''
|Guest
|-
|''Super Samayal''
|Contestant
|-
|2023
|''Puthandu Aasai''
|Isaipriya
|-
|2026–Present
|[[Lakshmi (2024 TV series)|''Lakshmi'']]
|Mahalakshmi
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*{{IMDb name|5893456|Shruthi Raj}}
*{{Instagram|id=iamsruthiraj|name=Shruthi Raj}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Raj, Shruthi}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian actresses]]
[[Category:Indian television actresses]]
[[Category:Actresses from Chennai]]
[[Category:Actresses in Tamil cinema]]
[[Category:Tamil television actresses]]
[[Category:Actresses in Tamil television]]
[[Category:Actresses in Telugu television]]
[[Category:Actresses in Kannada cinema]]
[[Category:Actresses in Malayalam cinema]]
[[Category:Actresses in Telugu cinema]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian actresses]]
[[Category:1986 births]]

Ministry of Disaster Management (Maharashtra)

2026-04-23T07:12:33Z

YukikoTousignant: Adding A Details W/ Infobox

{{Short description|Maharashtra government ministry responsible for Disaster Management}}
{{One source|date=April 2026}}
{{Infobox government agency
| native_name_a = '''मंत्रालय आपत्ती व्यवस्थापन विभाग, महाराष्ट्र शासन'''
| type = ministry
| name = Ministry of Disaster Management [[Government of Maharashtra]]
| native_name =
| seal = File:Seal of Maharashtra.svg
| seal_width = 200
| seal_caption = [[Emblem of Maharashtra|Seal of the state of Maharashtra]]
| logo =
| logo_width =
| logo_caption =
| picture = Mantralay of Mumbai, Administrative Headquarters 03.jpg
| picture_caption = Building of Administrative Headquarters of Mumbai
| picture_width =
| jurisdiction = {{flagicon|India}} [[Maharashtra]]
| headquarters = [[Mantralaya, Mumbai|Mantralay]], [[Mumbai]]
| minister1_name = '''[[Girish Mahajan]]'''
| minister1_pfo = [[Government of Maharashtra|Cabinet Minister]]
| deputyminister1_name = '''Vacant, TBD'''
since 29 June 2022
| deputyminister1_pfo = [[Government of Maharashtra|Minister of State]]
| child1_agency =
| child2_agency =
| website =
| formed =
| employees =
| budget =
| chief1_name = ([[Indian Administrative Service|IAS]])
| chief1_position =
| chief2_name =
| chief2_position =
| parent_department = [[Government of Maharashtra]]
}}

The '''Ministry of Disaster Management''' is a Ministry of the [[Government of Maharashtra]].

The Ministry is headed by a [[Cabinet (government)|cabinet level]] Minister. '''[[Girish Mahajan]]''' is Current Minister of Disaster Management [[Government of Maharashtra]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Who is who {{!}} Maharashtra State Disaster Management Authority {{!}} India |url=https://sdma.maharashtra.gov.in/en/whos-who/ |access-date=2026-04-23 |language=en}}</ref>

==Head office==
{{Infobox political post
| insignia = Seal of Maharashtra (1).svg
| insigniasize = 150px
| insigniacaption = [[Emblem of India]]
| department = '''Ministry of Disaster Management (Maharashtra)'''
| style = [[The Honourable]]
| post = {{big|Minister of Disaster Management}} '''मंत्री आपत्ती व्यवस्थापन विभाग'''
|image=File:Girish Mahajan.JPG
| incumbent = [[Girish Mahajan]]
| member_of = State Cabinet
| reports_to = '''[[Chief Minister of Maharashtra|Chief Minister]]''', 
'''[[Maharashtra Legislature]]'''
| seat = [[Mantralaya, Mumbai]]
| appointer = '''[[Governor of Maharashtra|Governor]]''' on the advice of the '''[[Chief Minister of Maharashtra|Chief Minister]]'''
| termlength = 5 years
| inaugural = '''[[S. K. Wankhede]]''' 
(1960-1962)
| precursor =
* '''[[Devendra Fadnavis]]''' {{small|[[Chief Minister of Maharashtra|Chief Minister]]}}
(2024- 2024)
| deputy =
* '''Vacant, TBD'''
since 29 June 2022
| formation = 1 May 1960
| body =
| flag = Flag of India.svg
| flagsize = 110px
| flagcaption = [[Flag of India]]
| flagborder = yes
| website =
| abbreviation = Cabinet Minister
| incumbentsince = 21 December 2024
}}

==Cabinet Ministers==
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! rowspan="2" |No.
! rowspan="2" colspan="2" |Portrait
! rowspan="2" style="width:16em" |Minister {{small|(Constituency)}}
! colspan="3" |Term of office
! rowspan="2" style="width:8em" |Political party
! rowspan="2"| Ministry
! rowspan="2" style="width:9em" |Chief Minister
|-
!style="width:6em"| From
!style="width:6em"| To
!Period
|-
!colspan="10"| Minister of Disaster Management
|-
|01
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|
|'''[[P. K. Sawant]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Chiplun Assembly constituency|Chiplun Constituency No. 265]]- [[Ratnagiri District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|01 May}} 1960
|{{small|07 March}} 1962
!{{ayd|1960|05|01|1962|03|07}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|bgcolor="#87CEEB"| [[First Yashwantrao Chavan ministry (Maharashtra)|'''Yashwantrao I''']]
|rowspan="2" |[[File:Yashwantrao Chavan 2010 stamp of India.jpg|75px]] [[Yashwantrao Chavan]]
|-
|02
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|
|'''[[S. K. Wankhede]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Sawargoan Constituency No. 49]]- [[Nagpur District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|08 March}} 1962
|{{small|19 November}} 1962
!{{ayd|1962|03|08|1962|11|19}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|bgcolor="#87CEEB"| [[Second Yashwantrao Chavan ministry|'''Yashwantrao II''']]
|-
|03
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|
|'''M. G. Mane''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Council|MLC]] for Elected by MLAs Constituency No. 02 - [[Ahmednagar District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Council|Legislative Council]])'''''}}
|{{small|20 November}} 1962
|{{small|24 November}} 1963
!{{ayd|1962|11|20|1963|11|24}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|bgcolor="#87CEEB"| [[Kannamwar ministry|'''Kannamwar l''']]
|[[Marotrao Kannamwar]]
|-
|04
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|
|'''[[P. K. Sawant]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Chiplun Assembly constituency|Chiplun Constituency No. 265]]- [[Ratnagiri District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}} (Interim Chief Minister)
|{{small|25 November}} 1962
|{{small|04 December}} 1963
!{{ayd|1962|11|25|1962|12|04}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|bgcolor="#87CEEB"| [[P. K. Sawant ministry|'''Sawant''']]
|[[P. K. Sawant]]
|-
|05
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|
|'''[[Sadashiv Govind Barve]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Shivajinagar, Maharashtra Assembly constituency|Shivajinagar Constituency No. 209]]- [[Pune District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|05 December}} 1963
|{{small|01 March}} 1967
!{{ayd|1963|12|05|1967|03|01}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|bgcolor="#87CEEB"| [[First Vasantrao Naik ministry|'''Vasantrao I''']]
|rowspan="6" |[[File:Vasantrao Naik portrait.jpg|75px]] [[Vasantrao Naik]]
|-
|06
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|[[File:Vasantrao Naik portrait.jpg|75px]]
|'''[[Vasantrao Naik]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Pusad Assembly constituency|Pusad Constituency No. 81]]- [[Yavatmal District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}} (Chief Minister)
|{{small|01 March}} 1967
|{{small|27 October}} 1969
!{{ayd|1967|03|01|1969|10|27}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|rowspan="2" bgcolor="#87CEEB"| [[Second Vasantrao Naik ministry|'''Vasantrao II''']]
|-
|07
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|
|'''[[Balasaheb Desai]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Patan, Maharashtra Assembly constituency|Patan Constituency No. 261]]- [[Satara District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|27 October}} 1969
|{{small|13 March}} 1972
!{{ayd|1969|10|27|1972|03|13}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|08
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|
|'''M. B. Popat''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Dhobitalao Constituency No. 160]]- [[Mumbai City District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|13 March}} 1972
|{{small|04 April}} 1973
!{{ayd|1972|03|13|1973|04|14}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|rowspan="3" bgcolor="#87CEEB"| [[Third Vasantrao Naik ministry|'''Vasantrao III''']]
|-
|09
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|
|'''[[Anant Namjoshi]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Girgaon Assembly constituency|Girgaon Constituency No. 185]]- [[Mumbai City District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|04 April}} 1973
|{{small|17 Match}} 1974
!{{ayd|1973|04|04|1974|03|17}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|10
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|
|'''[[Yashwantrao Mohite]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Karad South Assembly constituency|Karad South Constituency No. 260]]- [[Satara District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|17 Match}} 1974
|{{small|21 February}} 1975
!{{ayd|1974|03|17|1975|02|21}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|11
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|[[File:Vasantdada Patil (1977).jpg|75px]]
|'''[[Vasantdada Patil]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Council|MLC]] for Elected by MLAs Constituency No. 20 - [[Sangli District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Council|Legislative Council]])'''''}}
|{{small|21 February}} 1975
|{{small|16 April}} 1977
!{{ayd|1975|02|21|1977|04|16}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|rowspan="1" bgcolor="#87CEEB"| [[First Shankarrao Chavan ministry|'''Shankarrao I''']]
|rowspan="1"| [[File:Shankarrao Chavan 2007 stamp of India.jpg|75px]] [[Shankarrao Chavan]]
|-
|12
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|
|'''[[S. K. Wankhede]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Sawargoan Constituency No. 49]]- [[Nagpur District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|17 April }} 1977
|{{small|07 March}} 1978
!{{ayd|1977|04|17|1979|03|07}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|rowspan="1" bgcolor="#88CEEB"|[[First Vasantdada Patil ministry|'''Vasantdada I''']]
|rowspan="2" |[[File:Vasantdada Patil (1977).jpg|75px]] [[Vasantdada Patil]]
|-
|13
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|[[File:Prabha Rau.jpg|80px]]
|'''[[Prabha Rau]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Pulgaon Assembly constituency|Pulgaon Constituency No. 41]]- [[Wardha District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|07 March}} 1978
|{{small|18 July}} 1978
!{{ayd|1978|03|07|1978|07|18}}
|[[Indian National Congress (Indira)]]
| rowspan="1" bgcolor="#A3A3FF"|[[Second Vasantdada Patil ministry|'''Vasantdada II''']]
|-
|14
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian Congress (Socialist)}}"|
|
|'''[[Sundarrao Solanke]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Majalgaon Assembly constituency|Majalgaon Constituency No. 229]]- [[Beed District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}} (Deputy Chief Minister)
|{{small|18 July}} 1978
|{{small|17 February}} 1980
!{{ayd|1978|07|18|1980|02|17}}
|[[Indian Congress (Socialist)]]
|rowspan="1" bgcolor="#66FF66"| [[First Pawar ministry|'''Pawar I''']]
|rowspan="1" |[[File:The Union Minister for Agriculture and Food Processing Industries, Shri Sharad Pawar addressing at the launch of the Sahana Group’s New Marathi Channel “Jai Maharashtra”, in Mumbai on April 27, 2013 (cropped).jpg|75px]] [[Sharad Pawar]]
|-
|15
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|
|'''[[Ramrao Adik]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Council|MLC]] for Elected by MLAs Constituency No. 05 - [[Ahmednagar District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Council|Legislative Council]])'''''}}
|{{small|09 June}} 1980
|{{small|21 January}} 1982
!{{ayd|1980|06|09|1982|01|21}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|rowspan="1" bgcolor="#87CEEB"| [[Antulay ministry|'''Antulay''']]
|rowspan="1" |[[File:A. R. Antulay with Shivraj Patil (cropped).jpg|75px]] [[A. R. Antulay|Abdul Rahman Antulay]]
|-
|16
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|[[File:Babasaheb Bhosale.png|75px]]
|'''[[Babasaheb Bhosale]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Nehrunagar Assembly constituency|Nehrunagar Constituency No. 172]]- [[Mumbai Suburban District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}} (Chief Minister)
|{{small|21 January}} 1982
|{{small|02 February}} 1983
!{{ayd|1982|01|21|1983|02|02}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|rowspan="1" bgcolor="#87CEEB"| [[Bhosale ministry|'''Bhosale''']]
|rowspan="1" |[[File:Babasaheb Bhosale.png|75px]] [[Babasaheb Bhosale]]
|-
|17
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|
|'''[[Ramrao Adik]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Council|MLC]] for Elected by MLAs Constituency No. 05 - [[Ahmednagar District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Council|Legislative Council]])'''''}} (Deputy Chief Minister)
|{{small|07 February}} 1983
|{{small|05 March}} 1985
!{{ayd|1983|02|07|1985|03|05}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|rowspan="1" bgcolor="#87CEEB"| [[Third Vasantdada Patil ministry|'''Vasantdada III''']]
|rowspan="2" |[[File:Vasantdada Patil (1977).jpg|75px]] [[Vasantdada Patil]]
|-
|18
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|[[File:Vasantdada Patil (1977).jpg|75px]]
|'''[[Vasantdada Patil]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Sangli Assembly constituency|Sangli Constituency No. 282]]- [[Sangli District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}} (Chief Minister)
|{{small|12 March}} 1985
|{{small|03 June}} 1985
!{{ayd|1985|03|12|1985|06|03}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|bgcolor="#87CEEB"| [[Fourth Vasantdada Patil ministry|'''Vasantdada IV''']]
|-
|19
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|
|'''[[Surupsingh Hirya Naik]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Navapur Assembly constituency|Navapur Constituency No. 04]]- [[Nandurbar District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|03 June}} 1985
|{{small|12 March}} 1986
!{{ayd|1985|06|03|1986|03|12}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|bgcolor="#87CEEB"| [[Nilangekar ministry|'''Nilangekar''']]
|[[Shivajirao Patil Nilangekar]]
|-
|20
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|
|'''[[V. Subramanian]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|South Mumbai Constituency No. 121]]- [[Mumbai City District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|12 March}} 1986
|{{small|26 June}} 1988
!{{ayd|1986|03|12|1988|06|26}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|rowspan="1"bgcolor="#87CEEB"| [[Second Shankarrao Chavan ministry|'''Shankarrao II''']]
|rowspan="1" |[[File:Shankarrao Chavan 2007 stamp of India (cropped).jpg|75px]] [[Shankarrao Chavan]]
|-
|21
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|[[File:Prabha Rau.jpg|80px]]
|'''[[Prabha Rau]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Pulgaon Assembly constituency|Pulgaon Constituency No. 41]]- [[Wardha District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|26 June}} 1988
|{{small|03 March}} 1990
!{{ayd|1988|06|26|1990|03|03}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|rowspan="1" bgcolor="#87CEEB"| [[Second Pawar ministry|'''Pawar II''']]
|rowspan="2" |[[File:Sharad Govindrao Pawar.jpg|75px]] [[Sharad Pawar]]
|-
|22
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|[[File:Vilasrao_Deshmukh_at_Innovation_Partnerships_Event_May_8,_2012.jpg|75px]]
|'''[[Vilasrao Deshmukh]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Latur City Assembly constituency|Latur City Constituency No. 235]]- [[Latur District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|03 March}} 1990
|{{small|25 June}} 1991
!{{ayd|1990|03|03|1991|06|25}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|rowspan="1" bgcolor="#87CEEB"| [[Third Pawar ministry|'''Pawar III''']]
|-
|23
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|
|'''[[Sudhakarrao Naik]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Pusad Assembly constituency|Pusad Constituency No. 81]]- [[Yavatmal District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|25 June}} 1991
|{{small|30 December}} 1991
!{{ayd|1991|06|25|1991|12|30}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|rowspan="2" bgcolor="#87CEEB"| [[Sudhakarrao Naik ministry|'''Sudhakarrao''']]
|rowspan="2" | [[Sudhakarrao Naik]]
|-
|24
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|
|'''[[Arun Mehta]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Council|MLC]] for Elected by MLAs Constituency No. 05 - [[Mumbai Suburban District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Council|Legislative Council]])'''''}}
|{{small|30 December}} 1991
|{{small|22 February}} 1993
!{{ayd|1991|12|30|1993|02|22}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|25
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|
|'''Abhaysinh Raje Bhosale''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Satara Assembly constituency|Satara Constituency No. 262]]- [[Satara District]] '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|06 March}} 1993
|{{small|14 March}} 1995
!{{ayd|1993|03|06|1995|03|14}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|bgcolor="#87CEEB"| [[Fourth Pawar ministry|'''Pawar IV''']]
|[[File:Sharad Govindrao Pawar.jpg|75px]] [[Sharad Pawar]]
|-
|25
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"|
|
|'''[[Dinkar Patil]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Panvel Assembly constituency|Panvel Constituency No. 188]]- [[Raigad District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|14 March}} 1995
|{{small|01 February}} 1999
!{{ayd|1995|03|14|1999|02|01}}
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|rowspan="1" bgcolor="{{party color|Shiv Sena}}"| [[Manohar Joshi ministry|'''Joshi''']]
|rowspan="1" | [[File:Manohar Joshi cropped.jpg|75px]] [[Manohar Joshi]]
|-
|26
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"|
|[[File:Gopinath Munde.jpg|100px]]
|'''[[Gopinath Munde]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Renapur Assembly constituency|Renapur Constituency No. 236]]- [[Latur District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}} (Deputy Chief Minister)
|{{small|01 February}} 1999
|{{small|11 May}} 1999
!{{ayd|1999|02|01|1999|05|11}}
|[[Shiv Sena]]
|rowspan="2" bgcolor="{{party color|Shiv Sena}}"| [[Narayan Rane ministry|'''Rane''']]
|rowspan="2" |[[File:Narayan Rane (cropped).jpg|75px]] [[Narayan Rane]]
|-
|27
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Shiv Sena}}"|
|[[File:Narayan Rane (cropped).jpg|75px]]
|'''[[Narayan Rane]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Kudal Assembly constituency|Malvan Constituency No. 269]]- [[Sindhudurg District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}} (Chief Minister)
|{{small|11 May}} 1999
|{{small|17 October}} 1999
!{{ayd|1999|05|11|1999|10|17}}
|[[Shiv Sena]]
|-
|28
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|[[File:Vilasrao_Deshmukh_at_Innovation_Partnerships_Event_May_8,_2012.jpg|75px]]
| '''[[Vilasrao Deshmukh]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Latur City Assembly constituency|Latur City Constituency No. 235]]- [[Latur District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}} (Chief Minister)
|{{small|19 October}} 1999
|{{small|27 October}} 1999
!{{ayd|1999|10|19|1999|10|27}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|rowspan="2" bgcolor="#87CEEB"| [[First Deshmukh ministry|'''Deshmukh I''']]
|rowspan="2" |[[File:Vilasrao_Deshmukh_at_Innovation_Partnerships_Event_May_8,_2012.jpg|75px]] [[Vilasrao Deshmukh]]
|-
|29
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|[[File:Satish Chaturvedi (cropped).jpg|80px]]
| '''[[Satish Chaturvedi]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Nagpur East Assembly constituency|Nagpur East Constituency No. 54]]- [[Nagpur district]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|27 October}} 1999
|{{small|16 January}} 2003
!{{ayd|1999|10|27|2003|01|16}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|30
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|[[File:Satish Chaturvedi (cropped).jpg|80px]]
| '''[[Satish Chaturvedi]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Nagpur East Assembly constituency|Nagpur East Constituency No. 54]]- [[Nagpur district]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|18 January}} 2003
|{{small|01 November}} 2004
!{{ayd|2003|01|11|2004|11|01}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|rowspan="1" bgcolor="#87CEEB"| [[Sushilkumar Shinde ministry|'''Sushilkumar''']]
|rowspan="1" |[[File:Shri Sushilkumar Shinde, in New Delhi on August 06, 2009 (cropped).jpg|75px]] [[Sushilkumar Shinde]]
|-
|31
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|[[File:Vilasrao_Deshmukh_at_Innovation_Partnerships_Event_May_8,_2012.jpg|75px]]
| '''[[Vilasrao Deshmukh]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Latur City Assembly constituency|Latur City Constituency No. 235]]- [[Latur District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}} (Chief Minister)
|{{small|01 November}} 2004
|{{small|09 November}} 2004
!{{ayd|2004|11|01|2004|11|09}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|rowspan="2" bgcolor="#87CEEB"| [[Second Deshmukh ministry|'''Deshmukh II''']]
|rowspan="2" |[[File:Vilasrao_Deshmukh_at_Innovation_Partnerships_Event_May_8,_2012.jpg|75px]] [[Vilasrao Deshmukh]]
|-
|32
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Nationalist Congress Party}}"|
|[[File:Babanrao_Pachpute.jpg|75px]]
| '''[[Babanrao Pachpute]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Shrigonda Assembly constituency|Shrigonda Constituency No. 226]]- [[Ahmednagar District]] '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|09 November}} 2004
|{{small|01 December}} 2008
!{{ayd|2004|11|09|2008|12|01}}
|[[Nationalist Congress Party]]
|-
|33
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Nationalist Congress Party}}"|
|
| '''[[Ramraje Naik Nimbalkar]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Phaltan Assembly constituency|Phaltan Constituency No. 255]]- [[Satara District]] '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|08 December}} 2008
|{{small|06 November}} 2009
!{{ayd|2008|12|08|2009|11|06}}
|[[Nationalist Congress Party]]
|bgcolor="#87CEEB"| [[First Ashok Chavan ministry|'''Ashok I''']]
|rowspan="2"|[[File:Ashok Chavan With Coat.jpeg|80px]] [[Ashok Chavan]]
|-
|34
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Nationalist Congress Party}}"|
|
| '''Laxmanrao Dhobale''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Mohol Assembly constituency|Mohol Constituency No. 247]]- [[Solapur District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|07 November}} 2009
|{{small|10 November}} 2010
!{{ayd|2009|11|07|2010|11|10}}
|[[Nationalist Congress Party]]
|bgcolor="#87CEEB"| [[Second Ashok Chavan ministry|'''Ashok II''']]
|-
|35
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|[[File:Prithviraj Chavan - India Economic Summit 2011.jpg|75px]]
| '''[[Prithviraj Chavan]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Council|MLC]] for Elected by MLAs Constituency No. 19 - [[Satara District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Council|Legislative Council]])'''''}} (Chief Minister)
|{{small|11 November}} 2010
|{{small|26 September}} 2014
!{{ayd|2010|11|11|2014|09|26}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|rowspan="1" bgcolor="#87CEEB"| [[Prithviraj Chavan ministry|'''Prithviraj''']]
|rowspan="1"| [[File:Prithviraj Chavan - India Economic Summit 2011.jpg|80px]] [[Prithviraj Chavan]]
|-
|36
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"|
|
|'''[[Eknath Khadse]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Muktainagar Assembly constituency|Muktainagar Constituency No. 20]]- [[Jalgaon District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|31 October}} 2014
|{{small|04 June}} 2016
!{{ayd|2014|10|31|2016|06|04}}
|rowspan="1"|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|rowspan="4" bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"| [[First Fadnavis ministry|'''Fadnavis I''']]
|rowspan="5" |[[File:Eknath Shinde and Devendra Fadnavis with PM Narendra Modi Cropped(2).jpg|75px]] [[Devendra Fadnavis]]
|-
|37
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"|
| [[File:Devendra Fadnavis @Vidhan Sabha 04-03-2021.jpg|75px]]
| '''[[Devendra Fadnavis]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Nagpur South West Assembly constituency|Nagpur South West Constituency No. 52]]- [[Nagpur District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}} (Chief_Minister) Additional Charge
|{{small|04 June}} 2016
|{{small|08 July}} 2016
!{{ayd|2016|06|04|2016|07|08}}
|rowspan="1"|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
|38
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"|
|[[File:The Guardian Minister, Maharashtra, Shri Chandrakantdada Patil addressing at the inauguration of the Public Information Campaign, at Gadhinglaj, Dist. Kolhapur, Maharashtra on November 06, 2015.jpg|75px]]
| '''[[Chandrakant Patil]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Kothrud Assembly constituency|Kothrud Constituency No. 210]]- [[Pune District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|08 July}} 2016
|{{small|16 June}} 2019
!{{ayd|2019|06|04|2019|06|16}}
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
|39
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"|
|[[File:Devendra Fadnavis @Vidhan Sabha 04-03-2021.jpg|75px]]
| '''[[Devendra Fadnavis]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Nagpur South West Assembly constituency|Nagpur South West Constituency No. 52]]- [[Nagpur District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}} (Chief_Minister)
|{{small|16 June}} 2019
|{{small|12 November}} 2019
!{{ayd|2019|06|16|2019|11|12}}
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
|40
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"|
| [[File:Devendra Fadnavis @Vidhan Sabha 04-03-2021.jpg|75px]]
|'''[[Devendra Fadnavis]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Nagpur South West Assembly constituency|Nagpur South West Constituency No. 52]]- [[Nagpur District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}} (Chief_Minister) ''In Charge''
|{{small|23 November}} 2019
|{{small|28 November}} 2019
!{{ayd|2019|11|23|2019|11|28}}
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|rowspan="1" bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"| [[Second Fadnavis ministry|'''Fadnavis II''']]
|-
|41
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|[[File:Nitin Raut.jpeg|75px]]
|'''[[Nitin Raut]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Nagpur North Assembly constituency|Nagpur North Constituency No. 57]]- [[Nagpur District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|28 November}} 2019
|{{small|30 December}} 2019
!{{ayd|2019|11|28|2019|12|30}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|rowspan="4" bgcolor="{{party color|Shiv Sena}}"| [[Thackeray ministry|'''Thackeray''']]
|rowspan="4" |[[File:The Chief Minister of Maharashtra, Shri Uddhav Thackeray calling on the Prime Minister, Shri Narendra Modi, in New Delhi on February 21, 2020 (Uddhav Thackeray) (cropped).jpg|75px]] [[Uddhav Thackeray]]
|-
|42
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Shiv Sena}}"|
|
|'''[[Sanjay Rathod]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Digras Assembly constituency|Digras Constituency No. 79]]- [[Yavatmal District]] '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|30 December}} 2019
|{{small|28 February}} 20221
!{{ayd|2019|12|30|2021|02|28}}
|[[Shiv Sena]]
|-
|43
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Shiv Sena}}"|
| [[File:The Chief Minister of Maharashtra, Shri Uddhav Thackeray calling on the Prime Minister, Shri Narendra Modi, in New Delhi on February 21, 2020 (Uddhav Thackeray) (cropped).jpg|75px]]
|'''[[Uddhav Thackeray]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Council|MLC]] for Elected by MLAs Constituency No. 25 - [[Mumbai Suburban District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Council|Legislative Council]])'''''}} (Chief Minister) Additional Charge
|{{small|28 February}} 2021
|{{small|09 July}} 20221
!{{ayd|2021|02|28|2021|07|09}}
|[[Shiv Sena]]
|-
|44
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
| [[File:Vijay wadettiwar.jpg|75px]]
|'''[[Vijay Namdevrao Wadettiwar]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Bramhapuri Assembly constituency|Bramhapuri Constituency No. 73]]- [[Chandrapur District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|09 July}} 2021
|{{small|29 June}} 2022
!{{ayd|2021|07|09|2022|06|29}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|45
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}}"|
| [[File:Eknath Shinde with PM Narendra Modi Cropped.jpg|75px]]
|'''[[Eknath Shinde]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Kopri-Pachpakhadi Assembly constituency|Kopri-Pachpakhadi Constituency No. 147]]- [[Thane District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}} (Chief Minister) ''In Charge''
|{{small|30 June}} 2022
|{{small|14 August}} 2022
!{{ayd|2022|06|30|2022|08|14}}
|[[Shiv Sena (2022–present)]]
|rowspan="3" bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"| [[Eknath Shinde ministry|'''Eknath''']]
|rowspan="3" |[[File:Eknath Shinde with PM Narendra Modi Cropped.jpg|75px]] [[Eknath Shinde]]
|-
|46
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}}"|
| [[File:Eknath Shinde with PM Narendra Modi Cropped.jpg|75px]]
|'''[[Eknath Shinde]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Kopri-Pachpakhadi Assembly constituency|Kopri-Pachpakhadi Constituency No. 147]]- [[Thane District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}} (Chief Minister)
|{{small|14 August}} 2022
|{{small|14 July}} 2023
!{{ayd|2022|08|14|2023|07|14}}
|[[Shiv Sena (2022–present)]]
|-
|47
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Nationalist Congress Party}}"|
|
|'''[[Anil Bhaidas Patil]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Amalner Assembly constituency|Amalner Constituency No. 16]]- [[Jalgaon District]] '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|14 July}} 2023
|{{small|26 November}} 2024
!{{ayd|2023|07|14|2024|11|26}}
|[[Nationalist Congress Party]] (Ajit Pawar Group)
|-
|48
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"|
|[[File:Devendra Fadnavis @Vidhan Sabha 04-03-2021.jpg|75px]]
|'''[[Devendra Fadnavis]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Nagpur South West Assembly constituency|Nagpur South West Constituency No. 52]]- [[Nagpur District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}} (Chief_Minister) ''In Charge''
|{{small|05 December}} 2024
|{{small|21 December}} 2024
!{{ayd|2024|12|05|2024|12|21}}
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|rowspan="2" bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"| [[Third Fadnavis ministry|'''Fadnavis III''']]
|rowspan="2" |[[File:Eknath Shinde and Devendra Fadnavis with PM Narendra Modi Cropped(2).jpg|75px]] [[Devendra Fadnavis]]
|-
|49
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"|
| [[File:Girish Mahajan.JPG|75px]]
|'''[[Girish Mahajan]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Jamner Assembly constituency|Jamner Constituency No. 19]]- [[Jalgaon District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|21 December}} 2024
|''Incumbent''
!{{ayd|2024|12|21}}
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
|}

==Ministers of State ==
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! rowspan="2" |No.
! rowspan="2" colspan="2" |Portrait
! rowspan="2" style="width:16em" |Deputy Minister {{small|(Constituency)}}
! colspan="3" |Term of office
! rowspan="2" style="width:8em" |Political party
! rowspan="2"| Ministry
! rowspan="2" style="width:9em" |Minister
! rowspan="2" style="width:9em" |Chief Minister
|-
!style="width:6em"| From
!style="width:6em"| To
!Period
|-
!colspan="11"| Deputy Minister of Disaster Management
|-
!colspan="04"| '''''The Post of Deputy Minister / Minister of States has been kept Vacant from 23 November 2019 To 28 November 2019'''''
|{{small|23 November}} 2019
|{{small|28 November}} 2019
!{{ayd|2019|11|23|2019|11|28}}
|NA
|rowspan="1" bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"| [[Second Fadnavis ministry|'''Fadnavis II''']]
|[[Devendra Fadnavis]]
|rowspan="1" |[[File:Eknath Shinde and Devendra Fadnavis with PM Narendra Modi Cropped(2).jpg|75px]] [[Devendra Fadnavis]]
|-
|01
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Nationalist Congress Party}}"|
|
|'''[[Prajakt Tanpure]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Rahuri Assembly constituency|Rahuri Constituency No. 223]]- [[Ahmednagar District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|30 December}} 2019
|{{small|30 June}} 2022
!{{ayd|2019|12|30|2022|06|29}}
|[[Nationalist Congress Party]]
|rowspan="1" bgcolor="{{party color|Shiv Sena}}"| [[Thackeray ministry|'''Thackeray''']]
|
*[[Sanjay Rathod]] (2019 - 2021
*[[Uddhav Thackeray]] (2021 - 2021
*[[Vijay Namdevrao Wadettiwar]] (2021 - 2022)
|rowspan="1" |[[File:The Chief Minister of Maharashtra, Shri Uddhav Thackeray calling on the Prime Minister, Shri Narendra Modi, in New Delhi on February 21, 2020 (Uddhav Thackeray) (cropped).jpg|75px]] [[Uddhav Thackeray]]
|-
!colspan="04"| '''''The Post of Deputy Minister / Minister of States has been kept Vacant from 30 June 2022'''''
|{{small|30 June}} 2022
|{{small|26 November}} 2024
!{{ayd|2022|06|30|2024|11|26}}
|NA
|rowspan="1" bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"| [[Eknath Shinde ministry|'''Eknath''']]
|
*[[Eknath Shinde]] (2022 - 2023)
*[[Anil Bhaidas Patil]] (2023 – 2024)
|rowspan="1" |[[File:Eknath Shinde with PM Narendra Modi Cropped.jpg|75px]] [[Eknath Shinde]]
|-
!colspan="04"| ''''' Vacant'''''
|{{small|21 December}} 2024
|''incumbent''
!{{ayd|2024|12|21}}
|NA
|rowspan="1" bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"| [[Third Fadnavis ministry|'''Fadnavis III''']]
| rowspan="1"|[[Girish Mahajan]] (2024 – Present)
|rowspan="1" |[[File:Eknath Shinde and Devendra Fadnavis with PM Narendra Modi Cropped(2).jpg|75px]] [[Devendra Fadnavis]]
|-
|}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{State agencies of Maharashtra}}

[[Category:Government of Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Government ministries of Maharashtra]]

Manoj Kumar Singh (civil servant)

2026-04-23T06:36:55Z

YukikoTousignant: Adding The Biography V1

{{short description|Indian civil servant (born 1967)}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2023}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name =
| image =
| birth_place = Sharif Nagar, [[Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh]], India
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1967|05|23|df=y}}
| order =
| office = [[Secretary|Special Secretary]], [[Department of Housing and Urban Planning]]
| term_start = 23 October 2021
| predecessor = Rakesh Kumar Mishra
| successor =
| office1 =
| term_end1 =
| term_start1 =
| predecessor1 =
| successor1 =
| birth_name =
| alma_mater = [[Kedar Nath Girdharilal Khatri PG College Moradabad|K.G.K Inter College]] and [[Allahabad University]]
| profession = [[Civil service|Civil servant]]
| spouse = {{marriage|Aakaanksha Singh|1997}}
| children = 2
| term_end =
}}
'''Manoj Kumar Singh''' (born 23 May 1967) is a 2012 batch [[Indian Administrative Service|IAS]] officer of Uttar Pradesh cadre & is currently the [[Secretary|Special Secretary]], [[Department of Housing and Urban Planning]] in the [[Uttar Pradesh]] government.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-06-30 |title=IAS officer Manoj Kumar Singh takes over as Uttar Pradesh chief secretary |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/ias-officer-manoj-kumar-singh-takes-over-as-uttar-pradesh-chief-secretary-2560460-2024-06-30 |access-date=2025-05-27 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref>

==Career==
In 1997, he was selected as [[Provincial Civil Service (Uttar Pradesh)|PCS]] officer after attaining 8th rank all over [[Uttar Pradesh]] and was promoted as 2012 batch [[Indian Administrative Service|IAS]] officer in 2019. He first joined as Sub-Divisional Magistrate (SDM) in [[Udham Singh Nagar district]].

He was posted as Registrar at [[Chaudhary Charan Singh University]] in 2014 by the state government.<ref name="Registrar CCSU">{{cite web|url=http://www.academics-india.com/Manoj%20Kumar%20Chauhan%20vs%20State%20Of%20U.P.%20and%20others.htm|title=Manoj Kumar Chauhan Vs State of UP and others|last=|first=|date=23 July 2017|website=|publisher=|accessdate=8 September 2017}}</ref> After few months of his joining, he was at loggerhead with the University's Vice Chancellor, Vikram Chandra Goel a former DG rank IPS officer. VC relieved him from his post without getting any order from the state government. Later the government objected to it and ordered him to take back relieving order as it was out of his jurisdiction to do so. He replied that being a state university's VC he has autonomy from government and they can refer the matter to Chancellor/Governor of state. This tussle made students protest in the campus.<ref name="Students protest in favour of Registrar">{{cite web|url=https://www.ndtv.com/meerut-news/meerut-police-clash-with-dozens-of-protesting-chaudhary-charan-singh-university-students-746395|title=Meerut Police Clash With Dozens of Protesting Chaudhary Charan Singh University Students|last=|first=|date=23 July 2017|website=|publisher=[[NDTV]]|accessdate=8 September 2017}}</ref><ref name="Allahabad High Court quashes CCSU Vice Chancellor order of relieving Registrar">{{cite web|url=https://wap.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/meerut-varsity-imbroglio-hc-quashes-v-c-s-order-relieving-115031801233_1.html|title=Meerut varsity imbroglio: HC quashes V-C's order "relieving"|last=|first=|date=18 March 2015|website=|publisher=[[Business Standard]]|accessdate=3 May 2020}}</ref>

Later the Registrar appealed his decision to High Court where High Court reject VC's judgement and ordered Registrar to continue his duties.<ref name="VC warns state government and High Court after recent judgement on Registrar Joining">{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/meerut/Will-quit-if-registrar-works-CCSU-VC/articleshow/46648404.cms |title=Will quit if registrar works: CCSU VC|last=|first=|date=23 July 2017|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|accessdate=8 September 2017}}</ref> VC then appealed to Supreme Court but couldn't get favourable judgement.<ref name="Allow CCSU registrar to resume work, SC tells varsity VC">{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/meerut/Allow-CCSU-registrar-to-resume-work-SC-tells-varsity-VC/articleshow/47964422.cms|title=Allow CCSU registrar to resume work, SC tells varsity VC|last=|first=|date=23 July 2017|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|accessdate=8 September 2017}}</ref> Post retirement of Vikram Chandra Goel from CCSU, the state government transferred Registrar as Joint Commissioner at UP Housing Development Board in Meerut.
<ref name="VC sacked, Registrar transferred after nine months tussle">{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/meerut/NK-Taneja-new-CCSU-VC/articleshow/48287031.cms|title=NK Taneja new CCSU VC|last=|first=|date=23 July 2017|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=8 September 2017}}</ref>

==Posts held==
{{BLP unreferenced section|date=January 2024}}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Sr. No. !! From !! To !! Position
|-
| 1 || 7 December 1997 || 28 February 1998 || Probationer at UP ATI, [[Nainital]]
|-
| 2 || 1 March 1998 || 7 November 1998 || [[Sub-Divisional Magistrate|SDM]], [[Bijnor]]
|-
| 3 || 8 November 1998 || 25 August 2000 || [[Sub-Divisional Magistrate|SDM]], [[Udham Singh Nagar]]
|-
| 4 || 26 August 2000 || 14 June 2005 || [[Sub-Divisional Magistrate|SDM]], [[Bijnor]]
|-
| 5 || 15 June 2005 || 2 July 2007 || [[Sub-Divisional Magistrate|SDM]], [[Bulandshahr]]
|-
| 6 || 3 July 2007 || 18 February 2009 || [[Sub-Divisional Magistrate|SDM]], [[Hathras]]
|-
| 7 || 19 February 2009 || 12 December 2009 || [[Officer on Special Duty|OSD]], [[Aligarh]] Development Authority
|-
| 8 || 13 December 2009 || 15 July 2011 || City Magistrate, [[Bareilly]]
|-
| 9 || 16 July 2011 || 19 April 2012 || City Magistrate, [[Allahabad|Prayagraj]]
|-
| 10 || 20 April 2012 || 14 May 2013 || [[Additional district magistrate (India)|ADM]]-E, [[Muzaffarnagar]]
|-
| 11 || 15 May 2013 || 27 February 2014 || Secretary, [[Muzaffarnagar]] Development Authority
|-
| 12 || 28 February 2014 || 28 July 2015 || Registrar, [[Chaudhary Charan Singh University|CCS University]]
|-
| 13 || 29 July 2015 || 20 September 2015 || Joint Housing Commissioner, [[Meerut]] Zone
|-
| 14 || 21 September 2015 || 27 May 2017 || [[Additional district magistrate (India)|ADM]]-E, [[Muzaffarnagar]]
|-
| 15 || 28 May 2017 || 27 June 2019 || [[Municipal Commissioner (India)|Municipal Commissioner]], [[Meerut]]
|-
| 16 || 27 June 2019 || 14 July 2020 || [[Municipal Commissioner (India)|Municipal Commissioner]], [[Jhansi]]
|-
| 17 || 29 July 2020 || 8 June 2021 || Director, Agriculture Marketing & Foreign Trade
|-
| 18 || 8 June 2021 || 23 October 2021 || [[Uttar Pradesh Tourism|Special Secretary & Director Tourism]]
|-
| 19 || 23 October 2021 || 2 September 2023 || [[District magistrate|District Magistrate & Collector]], [[Mahoba]]
|-
| 20 || 2 September 2023 || Incumbent || [[Secretary|Special Secretary]], [[Department of Housing and Urban Planning]]<ref name="Officer’s posting Details">{{cite web|url=https://niyuktionline.upsdc.gov.in/ias-posting-detail.htm?530|title=Officer's Posting Details|last=|first=|date=18 January 2024|publisher=[[Department of Appointment and Personnel]]|accessdate=18 January 2024|archive-date=8 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200808063443/http://niyuktionline.upsdc.gov.in/ias-posting-detail.htm?530|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|}

==See also==
*[[Kunwar Sarvesh Kumar Singh]]
*[[Kunwar Sushant Singh]]
*[[Kunwar Bhartendra Singh]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Singh, Manoj Kumar}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian Administrative Service officers]]
[[Category:Indian government officials]]
[[Category:Municipal commissioners of India]]
[[Category:People from Moradabad district]]
[[Category:1967 births]]

Sunil Vaswani

2026-04-23T01:39:46Z

YukikoTousignant:

{{Short description|Indian-born Nigerian billionaire businessman}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2018}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Sunil Vaswani
| image = SunilVaswani.jpg
| image_size =
| caption =
| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1963|7|11|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Jaipur]], India
| death_date =
| death_place =
| citizenship = Nigerian and British
| education =
| occupation = Businessman
| title = Chairman, [[Stallion Group]]
| term =
| predecessor =
| successor =
| known for =
| boards =

| spouse = Rita Vaswani
| children = 3
| website = {{URL|http://stalliongroup.com/Chairman_Profile.html|Sunil Vaswani}}
}}

'''Sunil Vaswani''' (born 11 July 1963) is an Indian-born Nigerian [[billionaire]] businessman, and the chairman of the [[Stallion Group]]; a Dubai-headquartered company with diversified interests in cars, commodities, food, steel manufacturing, plastics, packaging, petrochemicals, port operations and technology. The group operates across Asia, the Middle East and Africa.<ref name="Stallion Group">{{cite web|url=http://www.forbesmiddleeast.com/en/news/read/article/stallion-group-forges-ahead-with-africa/articleid/8234|work=Forbes Middle East|title=Stallion Group Forges Ahead with Africa Expansion|accessdate=2 March 2015|archive-date=16 March 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150316023903/http://www.forbesmiddleeast.com/en/news/read/article/stallion-group-forges-ahead-with-africa/articleid/8234|url-status=live}}</ref> As of 2025, his net worth was estimated at US$1.8 billion.<ref name="Forbes">{{cite web |url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/sunil-vaswani/ |work=Forbes |title=Forbes Profile: Sunil Vaswani |accessdate=26 January 2021 |archive-date=26 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126214502/https://www.forbes.com/profile/sunil-vaswani/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Early life==
Vaswani was born in [[Jaipur]] on 11 July 1963, into a [[Sindhis|Sindhi]] family,<ref name=":0">{{cite news|url=https://dailytimes.com.pk/341601/most-billionaires-in-india-today-once-resided-in-pakistans-sindh/|title=Most billionaires in India today once resided in Pakistan's Sindh|work=Daily Times|first=Waseem|last=Palijo|date=8 January 2019|accessdate=7 May 2020|archivedate=7 May 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200507172647/https://dailytimes.com.pk/341601/most-billionaires-in-india-today-once-resided-in-pakistans-sindh/}}</ref> he is the son of Sundar D Vaswani,<ref name="stalliongroup">{{cite web |title=Chairman's Profile |url=http://www.stalliongroup.com/Chairman_Profile.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220090749/http://www.stalliongroup.com/Chairman_Profile.html |archive-date=2016-12-20 |accessdate=29 November 2016 |publisher=stalliongroup.com}}</ref> grew up in Nigeria, and was educated in London.<ref name="stalliongroup"/> He is a graduate of economics and accounting from the United Kingdom.<ref name="stalliongroup"/> He was ranked No.1 in 2015 and 2016 by Forbes Middle East "Top Indian Leaders in the Arab World" <ref name="Forbesmiddleeast">{{cite web|url=http://www.forbesmiddleeast.com/en/news/read/2016/forbes-middle-east-unveils-top-indian/articleid/10403|work=Forbes Middle East|title=Forbes Middle East unveils Top Indian Leaders in the Arab Region|accessdate=4 May 2016|archive-date=6 May 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160506053753/http://www.forbesmiddleeast.com/en/news/read/2016/forbes-middle-east-unveils-top-indian/articleid/10403|url-status=live}}</ref>

His younger brothers Haresh and Mahesh also work for the company, in Dubai.<ref name="auto">{{cite web|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/saritharai/2015/09/23/dubai-based-billionaire-vaswanis-stallion-group-wants-to-dominate-nigeria-and-all-of-west-africa/#2c97cd34698b|title=Dubai-Based Billionaire Vaswani's Stallion Group Wants To Dominate Nigeria And All Of West Africa|first=Saritha|last=Rai|date=|website=forbes.com|accessdate=21 January 2018|archive-date=22 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180122001234/https://www.forbes.com/sites/saritharai/2015/09/23/dubai-based-billionaire-vaswanis-stallion-group-wants-to-dominate-nigeria-and-all-of-west-africa/#2c97cd34698b|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Career==
Vaswani took over the Nigerian trading business from his father when he was 21.<ref name="entrepreneur">{{cite web|url=https://www.entrepreneur.com/article/250877|publisher=entrepreneur.com|title=Follow The Leader: Sunil Vaswani, Group Chairman, Stallion Group|accessdate=9 September 2016|archive-date=7 May 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160507170940/https://www.entrepreneur.com/article/250877|url-status=live}}</ref>

In 2003, Vaswani moved to the UAE following legal disputes with the government for alleged duty evasion, which led to his deportation.<ref name="auto"/> No wrongdoing was found, and the Vaswani family was allowed to return.<ref name="auto"/>

In 2021, the [[Sunday Times Rich List]] estimated his net worth at £1.159 billion.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Sunday Times Rich List 2021|url=https://www.thetimes.com/sunday-times-rich-list|access-date=2021-11-19|website=[[The Times]]|language=en|archive-date=9 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201109134424/https://www.thetimes.co.uk/sunday-times-rich-list|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Personal life==
Vaswani and his wife Rita live in Dubai.

Vaswani holds Nigerian and British passports.<ref name="auto"/>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Vaswani, Sunil}}
[[Category:1963 births]]
[[Category:British billionaires]]
[[Category:British people of Sindhi descent]]
[[Category:Indian billionaires]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Businesspeople from Jaipur]]
[[Category:Nigerian people of Indian descent]]
[[Category:Nigerian billionaires]]
[[Category:Nigerian people of Sindhi descent]]
[[Category:Naturalized citizens of Nigeria]]
[[Category:Sindhi businesspeople]]
[[Category:Sindhi Hindus]]

Rithala Assembly constituency

2026-04-19T19:34:14Z

YukikoTousignant: stub

{{Short description|Legislative assembly seat in Delhi}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2018}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Rithala
| mla = [[Kulwant Rana]]
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|latest_election_year = [[2025 Delhi Legislative Assembly election|2025]]
| established = 2008
| state = [[Delhi]]
| district = [[North West Delhi]]
| type = SLA
| reservation = None
| constituency_no = 6
}}
'''Rithala Assembly constituency''' is one of the seventy [[Delhi Legislative Assembly|Delhi assembly]] constituencies of [[Delhi]] in northern [[India]].<ref name=delimitation2008>{{cite web |title=Schedule – XIII of Constituencies Order, 2008 of Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly constituencies |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/CurrentElections/CONSOLIDATED_ORDER%20_ECI%20.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101005180821/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/CurrentElections/CONSOLIDATED_ORDER%20_ECI%20.pdf |archive-date=5 October 2010 |access-date=13 October 2021 }}</ref>
Rithala assembly constituency is a part of [[North West Delhi (Lok Sabha constituency)]]. This constituency was created by reorganization by [[Delimitation commission of India|delimitation commission]] in 2008.

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable"
!Year
!Member<ref>{{Cite web |title=Delhi Assembly Election 2020 - State Wise and Party Wise Results |url=https://www.elections.in/delhi/assembly-constituencies/rithala.html |access-date= |website=Elections in India}}</ref>
!colspan=2|Party
|-
| [[2008 Delhi Legislative Assembly election|2008]]
| rowspan="2" | [[Kulwant Rana]]
| {{Full party name with color|rowspan=2|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| [[2013 Delhi Legislative Assembly election|2013]]
|-
| [[2015 Delhi Legislative Assembly election|2015]]
| rowspan="2" | [[Mohinder Goyal]]
| {{Full party name with color|rowspan=2|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|-
| [[2020 Delhi Legislative Assembly election|2020]]
|-
| [[2025 Delhi Legislative Assembly election|2025]]
| [[Kulwant Rana]]
| {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|}

== Election results ==
=== 2025 ===
{{Election box begin|title=[[2025 Delhi Legislative Assembly election|Delhi Assembly election 2025, Rithala]]}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|party=Bharatiya Janata Party|candidate=[[Kulwant Rana]]|votes=1,04,371|percentage=55.76|change={{Increase}}11.43}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Aam Aadmi Party|candidate=[[Mohinder Goyal]]|votes=74,755|percentage=39.94|change={{decrease}}12.69}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Indian National Congress|candidate=Sushant Mishra|votes=5,258|percentage=2.81|change={{Increase}}1.22}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=NOTA|candidate=None of the above|votes=1,235|percentage=0.66|change=}}
{{Election box majority|votes=29,616|percentage=15.9|change={{Increase}}7.6}}
{{Election box turnout|votes=1,85,929|percentage=58.1|change={{decrease}}1.7}}
{{Election box hold with party link|winner=BJP|swing=}}
{{Election box end}}<section end="Assembly Election 2020"/>

=== 2020 ===
 <section begin="Assembly Election 2020"/>
{{Election box begin|title=[[2020 Delhi Legislative Assembly election|Delhi Assembly elections, 2020]]: Rithala <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/12027-general-legislative-election-2020/|title = General Legislative Election 2020}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|party=Aam Aadmi Party|candidate=[[Mohinder Goyal]]|votes=87,940|percentage=52.63|change=-4.00}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Bharatiya Janata Party|candidate=Manish Chaudhary|votes=74,067|percentage=44.33|change=+5.42}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Indian National Congress|candidate=Pradeep Kumar Pandey|votes=2,651|percentage=1.59|change=-1.66}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=None of the above|candidate=None of the above|votes=824|percentage=0.49|change=+0.06}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Bahujan Samaj Party|candidate=Rajesh Kumar|votes=491|percentage=0.29|change=-0.04}}
{{Election box majority|votes=13,873|percentage=8.30|change=-9.42}}
{{Election box turnout|votes=1,67,235|percentage=59.80|change=-6.63}}
{{Election box hold with party link|winner=Aam Aadmi Party|swing=-4.00}}
{{Election box end}}<section end="Assembly Election 2020"/>

=== 2015 ===
 <section begin="Assembly Election 2015"/>
{{Election box begin | title=[[2015 Delhi Legislative Assembly election|Delhi Assembly election, 2015]]: Rithala}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
| party = Aam Aadmi Party
| candidate = [[Mohinder Goyal]]
| votes = 93,470
| percentage = 56.63
| change = +23.24
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Bharatiya Janata Party
| candidate = [[Kulwant Rana]]
| votes = 64,219
| percentage = 38.91
| change = -12.39
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Indian National Congress
| candidate = Jagdish Yadav
| votes = 5,367
| percentage = 3.25
| change = -9.31
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Bahujan Samaj Party
| candidate = Pawan Kaushik
| votes = 542
| percentage = 0.33
| change = -0.83
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = None of the above
| candidate = None
| votes = 705
| percentage = 0.43
| change = -0.28
}}
{{Election box majority
| votes = 29,251
| percentage = 17.72
| change = -0.19
}}
{{Election box turnout
| votes = 1,65,152
| percentage = 66.46
| change =
}}
{{Election box gain with party link
| winner = Aam Aadmi Party
| loser = Bharatiya Janata Party
| swing = +23.24
}}
{{Election box end}}<section end="Assembly Election 2015"/>

=== 2013 ===
 <section begin="Assembly Election 2013"/>
{{Election box begin | title=[[2013 Delhi Legislative Assembly election|Delhi Assembly elections, 2013]]: Rithala<ref name=election2013>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3877-delhi-2013/ |title=Statistical Report on General Election, 2013 to the Legislative Assembly of NCT of Delhi |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |website=eci.gov.in |accessdate=28 October 2021}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
| party = Bharatiya Janata Party
| candidate = [[Kulwant Rana]]
| votes = 73,961
| percentage = 51.30
| change = -4.26
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Aam Aadmi Party
| candidate = Harish Awasthi
| votes = 48,135
| percentage = 33.39
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Indian National Congress
| candidate = Indrajeet Singh
| votes = 18,107
| percentage = 12.56
| change = -20.30
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Bahujan Samaj Party
| candidate = Musaddi Lal Saini
| votes = 1,671
| percentage = 1.16
| change = -8.49
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = None of the above
| candidate = None
| votes = 1,023
| percentage = 0.71
| change =
}}
{{Election box majority
| votes = 25,826
| percentage = 17.91
| change = -6.79
}}
{{Election box turnout
| votes = 1,44,823
| percentage = 64.91
| change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
| winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
| swing = -4.26
}}
{{Election box end}}<section end="Assembly Election 2013"/>

=== 2008 ===
 <section begin="Assembly Election 2008"/>
{{Election box begin | title=[[2008 Delhi Legislative Assembly election|Delhi Assembly elections, 2008]]: Rithala<ref>[http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/AE2008/stats_DL_2008.pdf 2008 Election Commission of India]</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
| party = Bharatiya Janata Party
| candidate = [[Kulwant Rana]]
| votes = 64,474
| percentage = 55.56
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Indian National Congress
| candidate = Shambhu Dayal Sharma
| votes = 38,128
| percentage = 32.86
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Bahujan Samaj Party
| candidate = Ranbir Singh Saroha
| votes = 11,203
| percentage = 9.65
| change =
}}
{{Election box majority
| votes = 26,346
| percentage = 24.70
| change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
| votes = 116,044
| percentage = 63.4
| change =
}}
{{Election box new seat win|
| winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
| swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}<section end="Assembly Election 2008"/>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Assembly constituencies of New Delhi}}
{{coord|28.722|77.101|display=title}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Delhi]]
[[Category:Delhi Legislative Assembly]]
[[Category:Politics of Delhi]]
[[Category:North West Delhi district]]
[[Category:2008 establishments in Delhi]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 2008]]

Jogeshwari East Assembly constituency

2026-04-19T19:27:52Z

YukikoTousignant: put up first stub initial version - done

{{Short description|Constituency of the Maharashtra legislative assembly in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2017}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Jogeshwari East
| constituency_no = 158
| type = SLA
| state = [[Maharashtra]]
| latest_election_year = [[2024 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|2024]]
| map_image = 158-Jogeshwari East.svg
| loksabha_cons = [[Mumbai North West Lok Sabha constituency|Mumbai North West]]
| district = [[Mumbai Suburban district|Mumbai Suburban]]
| established = 2008
| reservation = None
| mla = [[Anant Nar|Anant B. Nar]]
| party = {{Party index link|Shiv Sena (Uddhav Balasaheb Thackeray)}}
| alliance = {{Party index link|Maha Vikas Aghadi}}
| electors = 299,070
}}
'''Jogeshwari East Assembly constituency''' is one of the 26 [[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Vidhan Sabha]] constituencies located in the [[Mumbai Suburban district]].<ref name=ceo>{{cite web|url=http://ceo.maharashtra.gov.in/acs.php |title=District wise List of Assembly and Parliamentary Constituencies |publisher=Chief Electoral Officer, Maharashtra website |access-date=5 September 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100318055304/http://ceo.maharashtra.gov.in/acs.php |archive-date=18 March 2010 }}</ref>

==Overview==
Jogeshwari East (constituency number 158) is one of the 26 Vidhan Sabha constituencies located in the [[Mumbai Suburban district]].<ref name=ceo/> Number of electorates in 2009 was 283,561 (male 161,629, female 121,932).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://220.225.73.214/pdff/vidhanresult.pdf |title=General Elections to State Legislative Assembly 2009 |publisher=Chief Electoral Officer, Maharashtra website |access-date=3 November 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110409033702/http://220.225.73.214/pdff/vidhanresult.pdf |archive-date=9 April 2011 }}</ref>

Jogeshwari East is part of the [[Mumbai North West (Lok Sabha constituency)|Mumbai North West Lok Sabha constituency]] along with five other Vidhan Sabha segments, namely [[Goregaon Assembly constituency|Goregaon]], [[Versova Assembly constituency|Versova]], [[Dindoshi Assembly constituency|Dindoshi]], [[Andheri East Assembly constituency|Andheri West]] and [[Andheri West Assembly constituency|Andheri West]] in the [[Mumbai Suburban district]].<ref name=ceo/><ref name=delimitation2008>{{cite web |url=https://upload.indiacode.nic.in/showfile?actid=AC_CEN_3_20_00030_200233_1517807324510&type=order&filename=Delimitation%20Order,2008.pdf |title=Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 2008 |date=26 November 2008 |access-date= 24 June 2021}}</ref>

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Year
! Member
! colspan="2"|Party
|-
|colspan=4|{{center|''Till 2009 : Constituency did not exist''}}
|-
| [[2009 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|2009]]
| rowspan="3" | [[Ravindra Waikar]]
| {{Full party name with color|Shiv Sena|rowspan=3}}
|-
| [[2014 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|2014]]
|-
|[[2019 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|2019]]
|-
| [[2024 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|2024]]
| [[Anant Nar]]
|style="background-color: {{party color|Shiv Sena (Uddhav Balasaheb Thackeray)}}" |
|[[Shiv Sena (Uddhav Balasaheb Thackeray)|Shiv Sena (UBT)]]
|}

==Election results==
===Assembly Election 2024===
{{Election box begin|title = [[2024 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Jogeshwari East<ref name="Maharastra Assembly Election Results 2024 - Jogeshwari East">{{cite news |last1=Election Commission of India |title=Maharastra Assembly Election Results 2024 - Jogeshwari East |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenNov2024/candidateswise-S13158.htm |access-date=28 November 2024 |date=23 November 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241128191805/https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenNov2024/candidateswise-S13158.htm |archive-date=28 November 2024}}</ref><ref name="Lowest win margins in Maharashtra, one candidate won by just 162 votes">{{cite news |last1=Hindustantimes |title=Lowest win margins in Maharashtra, one candidate won by just 162 votes |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/lowest-win-margins-in-maharashtra-elections-one-candidate-won-by-just-208-votes-101732374888233-amp.html |access-date=24 November 2024 |date=23 November 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241124063336/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/lowest-win-margins-in-maharashtra-elections-one-candidate-won-by-just-208-votes-101732374888233-amp.html |archive-date=24 November 2024}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=[[Anant Nar]] |party=Shiv Sena (UBT) |votes = 77,044 |percentage = 44.03% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Manisha Ravindra Waikar |party=Shiv Sena |votes = 75,503 |percentage = 43.15% |change={{decrease}}23.05 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Bhalchandra Gangaram Ambure |party=Maharashtra Navnirman Sena |votes = 12,805 |percentage = 7.32% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=None of the Above |party=None of the above |votes = 2,887 |percentage = 1.65% |change={{decrease}}7.14 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Parmeshwar Ashok Ranshur |party=Vanchit Bahujan Aaghadi |votes = 2,819 |percentage = 1.61% |change={{decrease}}2.09 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Rohan Satone |party=Independent politician |votes = 1,986 |percentage = 1.14% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 1,541 |percentage = 0.88% |change= {{decrease}}42.05 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 1,77,851 |percentage = 59.47% |change= {{increase}}9.94 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 1,74,964}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 2,99,070|ref = |change= {{increase}}6.06 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner = Shiv Sena (UBT) |loser = Shiv Sena |swing= {{decrease}}22.17 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 2019===
{{Election box begin|title = [[2019 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Jogeshwari East<ref name="election2019">{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/11699-maharashtra-legislative-assembly-election-2019/ |title=Maharashtra Legislative Assembly Election, 2019 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date= 2 February 2022 |url-access=limited}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=[[Ravindra Waikar]] |party=Shiv Sena |votes = 90,654 |percentage = 66.20% |change={{increase}}20.49 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Sunil Bisan Kumre |party=Indian National Congress |votes = 31,867 |percentage = 23.27% |change={{increase}}6.55 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=None of the Above |party=None of the above |votes = 12,031 |percentage = 8.79% |change={{increase}}7.51 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Dilbag Singh |party=Vanchit Bahujan Aaghadi |votes = 5,075 |percentage = 3.71% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Vitthal Govind Lad |party=Aam Aadmi Party |votes = 3,857 |percentage = 2.82% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Milind Jagannath Bhole |party=Independent politician |votes = 3,304 |percentage = 2.41% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Kundan Hindurao Waghmare |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes = 1,250 |percentage = 0.91% |change={{increase}}0.21 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Anil Laxman Chavan |party=Independent politician |votes = 927 |percentage = 0.68% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 58,787 |percentage = 42.93% |change= {{increase}}24.74 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 1,49,472 |percentage = 53.01% |change= {{decrease}}6.37 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 1,36,934}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 2,81,976|ref = |change= {{decrease}}2.70 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Shiv Sena |loser = Shiv Sena |swing= {{increase}}20.49 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 2014===
{{Election box begin|title = [[2014 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Jogeshwari East<ref name="election2014">{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/11699-maharashtra-legislative-assembly-election-2014/ |title=Maharashtra Legislative Assembly Election, 2014 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date= 2 February 2022 |url-access=limited}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=[[Ravindra Waikar]] |party=Shiv Sena |votes = 72,767 |percentage = 45.71% |change={{increase}}1.79 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Ujwala Modak |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 43,805 |percentage = 27.52% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Rajesh Prabhushankar Sharma |party=Indian National Congress |votes = 26,617 |percentage = 16.72% |change={{decrease}}17.80 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Bhalchandra Gangaram Ambure |party=Maharashtra Navnirman Sena |votes = 11,874 |percentage = 7.46% |change={{decrease}}10.93 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Tawde Dinkar Hiroji |party=Nationalist Congress Party |votes = 2,363 |percentage = 1.48% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=None of the Above |party=None of the above |votes = 2,038 |percentage = 1.28% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Inamulla Rahimattullah Khan Alias Babu Khan |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes = 1,116 |percentage = 0.70% |change={{increase}}0.01 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 28,962 |percentage = 18.19% |change= {{increase}}8.79 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 1,61,248 |percentage = 55.64% |change= {{increase}}3.29 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 1,59,187}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 2,89,805|ref = |change= {{increase}}2.21 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Shiv Sena |loser = Shiv Sena |swing= {{increase}}1.79 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 2009===
{{Election box begin|title = [[2009 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Jogeshwari East<ref>{{cite web|publisher= Chief Eletoral Officer, [[Maharashtra]]|title=General Elections to State Legislative Assembly 2009 |url=https://ceoelection.maharashtra.gov.in/pdff/vidhanresult.pdf|archive-url= http://web.archive.org/web/20240708005931/https://ceoelection.maharashtra.gov.in/pdff/vidhanresult.pdf|archive-date=8 July 2024|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=[[Ravindra Waikar]] |party=Shiv Sena |votes = 64,318 |percentage = 43.92% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Jagtap Ashok Arjunrao Alias Bhai Jagtap |party=Indian National Congress |votes = 50,543 |percentage = 34.52% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Chitre Sanjay Prabhakar |party=Maharashtra Navnirman Sena |votes = 26,934 |percentage = 18.39% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Salunke Ashok Sakharam |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes = 1,018 |percentage = 0.70% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Sayyad Amanulla Bashir Ahmed |party=Independent politician |votes = 1,012 |percentage = 0.69% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Talware Uddhav Hari |party=Bharipa Bahujan Mahasangh |votes = 910 |percentage = 0.62% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 13,775 |percentage = 9.41% |change= }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 1,46,431 |percentage = 51.64% |change= }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 1,46,427}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 2,83,536|ref = |change= }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner = Shiv Sena |loser = |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{coord|19.135|72.856|display=title}}
{{Assembly constituencies of Maharashtra}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Mumbai]]
[[Category:Politics of Mumbai Suburban district]]
[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Maharashtra]]
[[Category:2008 establishments in Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 2008]]

Suchetgarh Assembly constituency

2026-04-19T19:16:24Z

YukikoTousignant: stub

{{Short description|Constituency of the Jammu and Kashmir legislative assembly in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2018}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
|name = Suchetgarh
|type = SLA
|constituency_no = 73
|union_territory = [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]]
|district = [[Jammu district|Jammu]]
|loksabha_cons = [[Jammu Lok Sabha constituency|Jammu]]
|established = 1996
|reservation = SC
|mla = [[Gharu Ram Bhagat]]
|party = {{Party index link|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|alliance = {{Party index link|National Democratic Alliance}}
|latest_election_year = [[2024 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election|2024]]
|electors = 
}}

'''Suchetgarh Assembly constituency''' is one of the 90 constituencies in the [[Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly]] of [[Jammu and Kashmir (state)|Jammu and Kashmir]] a north state of [[India]]. It is also part of [[Jammu (Lok Sabha constituency)|Jammu Lok Sabha constituency]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.elections.in/jammu-and-kashmir/assembly-constituencies/suchetgarh.html|title=Elections In}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.asianage.com/india/jk-bjp-minister-state-murder-accused-946|title=J&K: BJP Minister of State a murder accused|first=Yusuf|last=Jameel|date=5 April 2016|website=The Asian Age}}</ref>

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Election
! Member
! colspan=2|Party
|-
|-
| [[1996 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election|1996]] || Chuni Lal || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| [[2002 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election|2002]] || [[Gharu Ram Choudhary]] || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[2008 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election|2008]] || rowspan=2 | [[Sham Lal Choudhary]] || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=3}}
|-
| [[2014 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election|2014]]
|-
| [[2024 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election|2024]] || [[Gharu Ram Bhagat]]
|}

== Election results ==
===Assembly Election 2024 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2024 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election]] : Suchetgarh<ref>{{cite news|last1=Election Commission of India|title=J&K Assembly Election Results 2024 - Bandipora|url=https://results.eci.gov.in/AcResultGenOct2024/candidateswise-U0815.htm|access-date=10 October 2024|date=8 October 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241010072117/https://results.eci.gov.in/AcResultGenOct2024/candidateswise-U0815.htm|archive-date=10 October 2024}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Gharu Ram Bhagat]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=39,302 |percentage=46.32% |change={{increase}}7.51 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Bhusan Lal |party=Indian National Congress |votes=28,161 |percentage=33.19% |change={{increase}}14.37 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ajaib Singh |party=Democratic Progressive Azad Party |votes=8,265 |percentage=9.74% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Usha Devi |party=Independent politician |votes=4,210 |percentage=4.96% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Sham Lal Bhagat]] |party=Independent politician |votes=1,277 |percentage=1.51% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Bishan Dass |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=1,094 |percentage=1.29% |change={{increase}}0.28 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Dr Preeti Kumari |party=Independent politician |votes=644 |percentage=0.76% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=None of the Above |party=None of the above |votes=409 |percentage=0.48% |change={{increase}}0.06 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=11,141 |percentage=13.13% |change= {{decrease}}5.17 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=84,847 |percentage=75.21% |change= {{decrease}}3.11 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,12,819 |ref = |change= {{increase}}71.73 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Bharatiya Janata Party |loser=Bharatiya Janata Party |swing= {{increase}}7.51 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 2014 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2014 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election]] : Suchetgarh<ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=Jammu & Kashmir 2014 - Jammu & Kashmir - Election Commission of India |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3797-jammu-kashmir-2014/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190613150235/https://eci.gov.in/files/file/3797-jammu-kashmir-2014/ |archive-date=2019-06-13 |access-date= |website=eci.gov.in}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Sham Lal Choudhary]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=19,971 |percentage=38.82% |change={{decrease}}0.58 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Taranjeet Singh |party=Jammu & Kashmir National Conference |votes=10,554 |percentage=20.51% |change={{decrease}}2.26 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Rajinder Singh Chib]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=9,684 |percentage=18.82% |change={{increase}}4.49 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Tarlok Singh Bajwa |party=Jammu and Kashmir People's Democratic Party |votes=8,578 |percentage=16.67% |change={{increase}}2.76 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Bhupinder Singh |party=Independent politician |votes=628 |percentage=1.22% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Harjeet Kumar |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=520 |percentage=1.01% |change={{decrease}}1.52 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Rajinder Singh Toofani |party=Independent politician |votes=353 |percentage=0.69% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=None of the Above |party=None of the above |votes=217 |percentage=0.42% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=9,417 |percentage=18.30% |change= {{increase}}1.68 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=51,451 |percentage=78.32% |change= {{decrease}}1.48 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 65,695 |ref = |change= {{increase}}14.76 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Bharatiya Janata Party |loser=Bharatiya Janata Party |swing= {{decrease}}0.58 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 2008 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2008 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election]] : Suchetgarh<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 2008 to the Legislative Assembly of Jammu and Kashmir |url=https://ceojk.nic.in/pdf/10-Detailed%20Results.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241225073739/https://ceojk.nic.in/pdf/10-Detailed%20Results.pdf|archive-date=25 December 2024|access-date=25 December 2024|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Sham Lal Choudhary]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=17,995 |percentage=39.39% |change={{increase}}12.28 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Taranjeet Singh |party=Jammu & Kashmir National Conference |votes=10,403 |percentage=22.77% |change={{increase}}9.41 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Garu Ram Choudhary |party=Indian National Congress |votes=6,545 |percentage=14.33% |change={{decrease}}13.12 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Tarlok Singh Bajwa |party=Jammu and Kashmir People's Democratic Party |votes=6,357 |percentage=13.92% |change={{increase}}1.51 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Mohan Singh |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=1,154 |percentage=2.53% |change={{decrease}}1.77 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ashok Kumar |party=Jammu and Kashmir National Panthers Party |votes=504 |percentage=1.10% |change={{increase}}0.36 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Kundan Lal Sharma |party=Kranti Dal |votes=373 |percentage=0.82% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Makhan Singh |party=Samajwadi Party |votes=318 |percentage=0.70% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Girdhari Lal |party=Independent politician |votes=306 |percentage=0.67% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Hari Singh |party=Bharatiya Bahujan Party |votes=294 |percentage=0.64% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=7,592 |percentage=16.62% |change= {{increase}}16.29 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=45,682 |percentage=79.80% |change= {{increase}}10.03 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 57,246 |ref = |change= {{decrease}}3.36 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Bharatiya Janata Party |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{increase}}11.95 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 2002 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2002 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election]] : Suchetgarh<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 2002 to the Legislative Assembly of Jammu and Kashmir |url=http://eci.gov.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2002/StatRep_JK_02.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130127192246/http://eci.gov.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2002/StatRep_JK_02.pdf|archive-date=27 January 2013|access-date=15 February 2024|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Gharu Ram Choudhary]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=11,344 |percentage=27.45% |change={{increase}}1.61 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Rajinder Singh Chib]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=11,207 |percentage=27.11% |change={{increase}}0.83 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Taranjeet Singh |party=Jammu & Kashmir National Conference |votes=5,524 |percentage=13.36% |change={{increase}}10.98 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Trilok Singh |party=Jammu and Kashmir People's Democratic Party |votes=5,127 |percentage=12.40% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Sham Lal Choudhary]] |party=Independent politician |votes=3,715 |percentage=8.99% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Mohan Singh |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=1,776 |percentage=4.30% |change={{decrease}}12.18 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Kasturi Singh |party=Shiv Sena |votes=600 |percentage=1.45% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Tilak Raj |party=Nationalist Congress Party |votes=474 |percentage=1.15% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Dalip Singh |party=Communist Party of India |votes=318 |percentage=0.77% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Rajinder Singh |party=Jammu and Kashmir National Panthers Party |votes=306 |percentage=0.74% |change={{decrease}}18.87 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Vijay Chib |party=Independent politician |votes=298 |percentage=0.72% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=137 |percentage=0.33% |change= {{decrease}}0.12 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=41,332 |percentage=69.81% |change= {{decrease}}0.74 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 59,238 |ref = |change= {{increase}}38.53 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Bharatiya Janata Party |swing= {{increase}}1.16 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 1996 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1996 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election]] : Suchetgarh<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1996 to the Legislative Assembly of Jammu and Kashmir |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1996/StatisticalReport-JK96.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120117084805/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1996/StatisticalReport-JK96.pdf |archive-date=17 January 2012|access-date=15 February 2024|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Chuni Lal |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=7,925 |percentage=26.28% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Gharu Ram Choudhary]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=7,789 |percentage=25.83% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Rajinder Singh Chib]] |party=Jammu and Kashmir National Panthers Party |votes=5,912 |percentage=19.61% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Makhan Singh |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=4,968 |percentage=16.48% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Souchet Singh |party=Janata Dal |votes=1,834 |percentage=6.08% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Rajesh Kumar Sharma |party=All India Indira Congress (Tiwari) |votes=815 |percentage=2.70% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Nanak Singh |party=Jammu & Kashmir National Conference |votes=719 |percentage=2.38% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Kharak Singh |party=Jammu and Kashmir Awami League |votes=189 |percentage=0.63% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=136 |percentage=0.45% |change= }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=30,151 |percentage=71.59% |change= }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 42,762 |ref = |change= }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner=Bharatiya Janata Party |loser= |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
* [[Jammu]]
* [[List of constituencies of Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{coord|32.57|74.67|display=title}}
{{Assembly constituencies of Jammu and Kashmir}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Jammu and Kashmir]]
[[Category:Jammu district]]
[[Category:Politics of Jammu and Kashmir]]
[[Category:1996 establishments in Jammu and Kashmir]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1996]]

Timarpur Assembly constituency

2026-04-18T23:43:59Z

YukikoTousignant: added

{{Short description|Legislative assembly seat in Delhi}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2019}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Timarpur
| mla = [[Surya Prakash Khatri]]
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|latest_election_year = [[2025 Delhi Legislative Assembly election|2025]]
| state = [[Delhi]]
| district = [[North West Delhi]], [[North Delhi]]
| type = SLA
| reservation = None
| constituency_no = 3
}}
'''Timarpur Assembly constituency''' is one of the seventy [[Delhi Legislative Assembly|legislative assembly]] constituencies of [[Delhi]] in northern India.
Timarpur assembly constituency is a part of [[North East Delhi (Lok Sabha constituency)|North East Delhi]] Lok Sabha constituency.

==Members of Legislative Assembly==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!Year
!Member<ref>{{Cite web |title=Delhi Assembly Election 2020 - State Wise and Party Wise Results |url=https://www.elections.in/delhi/assembly-constituencies/timarpur.html |access-date= |website=Elections in India}}</ref>
!colspan=2|Party
|-
| [[1993 Delhi Legislative Assembly election|1993]]
| Rajender Gupta
| {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| [[1998 Delhi Legislative Assembly election|1998]]
| Jagdish Anand
| {{Full party name with color|rowspan=3|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[2003 Delhi Legislative Assembly election|2003]]
| rowspan="2" | Surinder Pal Singh
|-
| [[2008 Delhi Legislative Assembly election|2008]]
|-
| [[2013 Delhi Legislative Assembly election|2013]]
| [[Harish Khanna (politician)|Harish Khanna]]
| {{Full party name with color|rowspan=3|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|-
| [[2015 Delhi Legislative Assembly election|2015]]
| [[Pankaj Pushkar]]
|-
|[[2020 Delhi Legislative Assembly election|2020]]
|[[Dilip Pandey]]
|-
| [[2025 Delhi Legislative Assembly election|2025]]
| [[Surya Prakash Khatri]]
| {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|}

== Election results ==
=== 2025 ===
{{Election box begin|
title=[[2025 Delhi Legislative Assembly election|Delhi Assembly elections, 2025]]<ref name="Delhi Assembly Elections Results 2025 :Timarpur">{{cite news |title=Delhi Assembly Elections Results 2025 - Timarpur |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenFeb2025/candidateswise-U053.htm |accessdate=9 February 2025 |work= |publisher=Election Commission of India |date=8 February 2025 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250209152500/https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenFeb2025/candidateswise-U053.htm |archivedate=9 February 2025 |language=en}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link||party=Bharatiya Janata Party|candidate=[[Surya Prakash Khatri]]|votes=55,941|percentage=46.23|change={{Increase}}8.10}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Aam Aadmi Party
|candidate = Surinder Pal Singh (Bittoo)
|votes = 54,773
|percentage = 45.27
|change = {{decrease}}12.33
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Indian National Congress|candidate=Lokendra Chaudhary|votes=8361|percentage=6.91|change={{Increase}}4.41}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=NOTA|candidate=None of the above|votes=663|percentage=0.54|change={{Increase}}0.14}}
{{Election box majority||votes=1,168|percentage=0.96|change={{decrease}}19.51}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=1,20,988|percentage=55.98|change={{decrease}}4.95}}
{{Election box gain with party link|
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|loser = Aam Aadmi Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}
<section end="Assembly Election 2020"/>

=== 2020 ===
 <section begin="Assembly Election 2020"/>
{{Election box begin|
title=[[2020 Delhi Legislative Assembly election|Delhi Assembly elections, 2020]]: [[Timarpur]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/12027-general-legislative-election-2020/|title = General Legislative Election 2020}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Aam Aadmi Party
|candidate = [[Dilip Pandey]]
|votes = 71,432
|percentage = 57.60
|change = +6.55
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Surinder Pal Singh (Bittoo)
|votes = 47,288
|percentage = 38.13
|change = +3.43
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Amar Lata Sangwan
|votes = 3,102
|percentage = 2.50
|change = -9.09
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = None of the above
|candidate = None of the above
|votes = 508
|percentage = 0.41
|change = -0.03
}}
{{Election box candidate|
|party = AAP(S)
|candidate = Sonu Kaushik
|votes = 495
|percentage = 0.40
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 24,144
|percentage = 19.47
|change = +3.12
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 1,24,052
|percentage = 60.93
|change = -5.90
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Aam Aadmi Party
|swing = +6.55
}}
{{Election box end}}
<section end="Assembly Election 2020"/>

=== 2015 ===
 <section begin="Assembly Election 2015"/>
{{Election box begin | title=[[2015 Delhi Legislative Assembly election|Delhi Assembly elections, 2015]]: [[Timarpur]]}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Aam Aadmi Party
| candidate = [[Pankaj Pushkar]]
| votes = 64,477
| percentage = 51.05
| change = +16.02
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Bharatiya Janata Party
| candidate = Rajni Abbi
| votes = 43,830
| percentage = 34.70
| change = +2.66
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Indian National Congress
| candidate = Surinder Pal Singh (Bittoo)
| votes = 14,642
| percentage = 11.59
| change = -17.41
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Bahujan Samaj Party
| candidate = Manoj
| votes = 592
| percentage = 0.47
| change = -0.78
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = None of the above
| candidate = None
| votes = 555
| percentage = 0.44
| change = -0.24
}}
{{Election box majority
| votes = 20,647
| percentage = 16.35
| change = +13.36
}}
{{Election box turnout
| votes = 1,26,364
| percentage = 66.86
| change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
| winner = Aam Aadmi Party
| swing = +16.02
}}
{{Election box end}}
<section end="Assembly Election 2015"/>

=== 2013 ===
 <section begin="Assembly Election 2013"/>
{{Election box begin | title=[[2013 Delhi Legislative Assembly election|Delhi Assembly elections, 2013]]: [[Timarpur]]<ref>[http://eciresults.ap.nic.in/ConstituencywiseU0567.htm?ac=3 Assembly Elections December 2013 Results, Election Commission of India]</ref>}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Aam Aadmi Party
| candidate = Harish Khanna
| votes = 39,650
| percentage = 35.03
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Bharatiya Janata Party
| candidate = Rajni Abbi
| votes = 36,267
| percentage = 32.04
| change = -9.44
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Indian National Congress
| candidate = Surinder Pal Singh (Bittoo)
| votes = 32,825
| percentage = 29.00
| change = -15.14
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Bahujan Samaj Party
| candidate = Prem Wadhwa
| votes = 1,414
| percentage = 1.25
| change = -9.22
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Communist Party of India
| candidate = Bajinder Singh
| votes = 637
| percentage = 0.56
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Samajwadi Party
| candidate = Anil Kumar
| votes = 349
| percentage = 0.31
| change = -0.55
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Indian Justice Party
| candidate = Harbilas
| votes = 226
| percentage = 0.20
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Bharatiya Janata Dal (Integrated)
| candidate = Jagannath
| votes = 173
| percentage = 0.15
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Rashtravadi Janata Party
| candidate = Vidyanand Bhagat
| votes = 70
| percentage = 0.06
| change = -0.04
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Peace Party of India
| candidate = Mohd Yamin
| votes = 51
| percentage = 0.05
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = None of the above
| candidate = None
| votes = 768
| percentage = 0.68
| change =
}}
{{Election box majority
| votes = 3,383
| percentage = 2.99
| change = +2.23
}}
{{Election box turnout
| votes = 1,13,195
| percentage = 65.98
| change =
}}
{{Election box gain with party link
| winner = Aam Aadmi Party
| loser = Indian National Congress
| swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}
<section end="Assembly Election 2013"/>

=== 2008 ===
 <section begin="Assembly Election 2008"/> <section end="Assembly Election 2008"/>
{{Election box begin | title=[[2008 Delhi Legislative Assembly election|Delhi Assembly elections, 2008]]: Timarpur<ref>[http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/AE2008/stats_DL_2008.pdf 2008 Election Commission of India]</ref>}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Indian National Congress
| candidate = Surinder Pal Singh (Bittoo)
| votes = 39,997
| percentage = 44.14
| change = -9.72
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Bharatiya Janata Party
| candidate = Surya Prakash Khatri
| votes = 37,584
| percentage = 41.48
| change = -1.64
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Bahujan Samaj Party
| candidate = Sanjeev Kumar
| votes = 9,491
| percentage = 10.47
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Samajwadi Party
| candidate = Apramay Mishra
| votes = 775
| percentage = 0.86
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Akhil Bharatiya Hindu Mahasabha
| candidate = Shyam Gopal
| votes = 706
| percentage = 0.78
| change = +0.24
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent (politician)
| candidate = Mohd Kamil
| votes = 343
| percentage = 0.38
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent (politician)
| candidate = Raju Gupta
| votes = 293
| percentage = 0.32
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent (politician)
| candidate = Ranjit Singh
| votes = 245
| percentage = 0.27
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Nationalist Congress Party
| candidate = Mahfooz Ali
| votes = 240
| percentage = 0.26
| change = -0.20
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent (politician)
| candidate = Rajesh Kumar
| votes = 205
| percentage = 0.23
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Lok Jan Shakti Party
| candidate = Mhd Raziur Rehman
| votes = 165
| percentage = 0.18
| change = -0.24
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent (politician)
| candidate = Rajesh Singh
| votes = 154
| percentage = 0.17
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent (politician)
| candidate = Kripal Singh Bittoo
| votes = 132
| percentage = 0.15
| change =
}}{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent (politician)
| candidate = Modh Yameen
| votes = 128
| percentage = 0.14
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Rashtravadi Janata Party
| candidate = Dropti
| votes = 88
| percentage = 0.10
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent (politician)
| candidate = Ajay Singh
| votes = 67
| percentage = 0.07
| change =
}}
{{Election box majority
| votes = 832
| percentage = 0.76
| change = -9.98
}}
{{Election box turnout
| votes = 90,613
| percentage = 59.3
| change = +6.49
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
| winner = Indian National Congress
| swing = -9.72
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2003===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2003 Delhi Legislative Assembly election|Delhi Assembly elections, 2003]]: Timarpur<ref>[http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_NOV_2003/StatisticalReports_DEL_Nov2003.pdf 2003 Election Commission of India]</ref>}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Indian National Congress
| candidate = Surinder Pal Singh (Bittoo)
| votes = 29,952
| percentage = 53.86
| change = +1.59
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Bharatiya Janata Party
| candidate = Rajendra Gupta
| votes = 23,978
| percentage = 43.12
| change = +5.82
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Akhil Bharatiya Hindu Mahasabha
| candidate = Anand Singh
| votes = 298
| percentage = 0.54
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent (politician)
| candidate = Suraj Prakash
| votes = 281
| percentage = 0.51
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Nationalist Congress Party
| candidate = Rajni Sodhi
| votes = 255
| percentage = 0.46
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent (politician)
| candidate = Mohd Yamin
| votes = 246
| percentage = 0.44
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Lok Jan Shakti Party
| candidate = Mohd Abrar
| votes = 236
| percentage = 0.42
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Indian Justice Party
| candidate = Tilak Raj Jatav
| votes = 91
| percentage = 0.16
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent (politician)
| candidate = Sardar Kaur
| votes = 88
| percentage = 0.16
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent (politician)
| candidate = Sukhmit Singh
| votes = 82
| percentage = 0.15
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Janata Party
| candidate = Rajeev Kumar
| votes = 71
| percentage = 0.13
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent (politician)
| candidate = Mukesh Kumar
| votes = 31
| percentage = 0.06
| change =
}}
{{Election box majority
| votes = 5,974
| percentage = 10.74
| change = -4.23
}}
{{Election box turnout
| votes = 55,609
| percentage = 52.81
| change = +2.78
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
| winner = Indian National Congress
| swing = +1.59
}}
{{Election box end}}

===1998===
{{Election box begin | title=[[1998 Delhi Legislative Assembly election|Delhi Assembly elections, 1998]]: Timarpur<ref>[http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1998/StatisticalReport-DEL98.pdf 1998 Election Commission of India]</ref>}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Indian National Congress
| candidate = Jagdish Anand
| votes = 27,411
| percentage = 52.27
| change = +11.09
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Bharatiya Janata Party
| candidate = Raghuvansh Singhal
| votes = 19,559
| percentage = 37.30
| change = -13.27
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent (politician)
| candidate = Surinder Pal Singh
| votes = 2,809
| percentage = 5.36
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Samajwadi Party
| candidate = Bhagwan Singh
| votes = 555
| percentage = 1.06
| change = +0.86
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Janata Dal
| candidate = Tilak Raj Jatav
| votes = 529
| percentage = 1.01
| change = -3.76
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Bahujan Samaj Party
| candidate = Ashok Kumar Sonkar
| votes = 489
| percentage = 0.93
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent (politician)
| candidate = Jagan Nath
| votes = 260
| percentage = 0.50
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent (politician)
| candidate = Sanjeev Kumar
| votes = 253
| percentage = 0.48
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent (politician)
| candidate = Yogender
| votes = 184
| percentage = 0.35
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent (politician)
| candidate = Dr Mange Ram Acharya
| votes = 114
| percentage = 0.22
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent (politician)
| candidate = Kailash Kaushik
| votes = 71
| percentage = 0.14
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Samajwadi Janata Party (Rashtriya)
| candidate = Ram Niwas Rathore
| votes = 67
| percentage = 0.13
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent (politician)
| candidate = Harminder Singh
| votes = 50
| percentage = 0.10
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Krantikari Manuwadi Morcha
| candidate = Tanveer Kumar Marwah
| votes = 39
| percentage = 0.07
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent (politician)
| candidate = Sudhir Madan
| votes = 27
| percentage = 0.05
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent (politician)
| candidate = Anwar Khan
| votes = 22
| percentage = 0.04
| change = -0.36
}}
{{Election box majority
| votes = 7,852
| percentage = 28.41
| change = +14.97
}}
{{Election box turnout
| votes = 52,349
| percentage = 50.03
| change = -16.67
}}
{{Election box gain with party link
| winner = Indian National Congress
| loser = Bharatiya Janata Party
| swing = +11.09
}}
{{Election box end}}

===1993===
{{Election box begin | title=[[1993 Delhi Legislative Assembly election|Delhi Assembly elections, 1993]]: Timarpur<ref>[http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1993/StatRep_DL_93.pdf 1993 Election Commission of India]</ref>}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Bharatiya Janata Party
| candidate = Rajender Gupta
| votes = 27,732
| percentage = 50.57
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Indian National Congress
| candidate = Hari Shanker Gupta
| votes = 22,176
| percentage = 41.18
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Janata Dal
| candidate = Nathi Singh Baghel
| votes = 2,569
| percentage = 4.77
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent (politician)
| candidate = Bhola Nath Babbar
| votes = 501
| percentage = 0.93
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent (politician)
| candidate = Arun Kaushik
| votes = 302
| percentage = 0.56
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent (politician)
| candidate = Anwar Khan
| votes = 217
| percentage = 0.40
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Delhi Poorvanchal Party
| candidate = Kanchan Gupta
| votes = 178
| percentage = 0.33
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent (politician)
| candidate = Rama Shanker
| votes = 112
| percentage = 0.21
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Samajwadi Party
| candidate = P K Sharma
| votes = 110
| percentage = 0.20
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent (politician)
| candidate = Sunil
| votes = 83
| percentage = 0.15
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent (politician)
| candidate = Jagdish Prasad
| votes = 71
| percentage = 0.13
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent (politician)
| candidate = Joginder
| votes = 68
| percentage = 0.13
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent (politician)
| candidate = Gokal Chand
| votes = 45
| percentage = 0.08
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent (politician)
| candidate = Gurucharan Singh Pahwa
| votes = 38
| percentage = 0.07
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Bahujan Kranti Dal
| candidate = Virender Pal Gill
| votes = 36
| percentage = 0.07
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent (politician)
| candidate = Balmiki
| votes = 28
| percentage = 0.05
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent (politician)
| candidate = Mukesh
| votes = 27
| percentage = 0.05
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent (politician)
| candidate = Amarjeet Singh
| votes = 20
| percentage = 0.04
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Rashtriya Mazdoor Ekta Party
| candidate = Anil Kumar
| votes = 19
| percentage = 0.04
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent (politician)
| candidate = Madan Mohan
| votes = 19
| percentage = 0.04
| change =
}}
{{Election box majority
| votes = 5,056
| percentage = 9.39
| change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
| votes = 53,851
| percentage = 66.70
| change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
| winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
| swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Assembly constituencies of New Delhi}}
{{coord|28.702|77.221|display=title}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Delhi]]
[[Category:Delhi Legislative Assembly]]
[[Category:Politics of Delhi]]
[[Category:North West Delhi district]]
[[Category:North Delhi district]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1993]]
[[Category:1993 establishments in Delhi]]

Hirapur Assembly constituency

2026-04-15T11:53:04Z

YukikoTousignant: put up first stub from scratch

{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2026}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Hirapur
| type= SLA
| map_image =
| map_caption =
| map_alt =
| mla =
| party =
| alliance =
| latest_election_year =
| state = [[West Bengal]]
| district = [[Paschim Bardhaman district|Paschim Bardhaman]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Asansol (Lok Sabha constituency)|Asansol]]
| constituency_no = 259
| established = 1957
| electors =
| reservation = None
| abolished = 2011
}}

'''Hirapur Assembly constituency''' was an [[Vidhan Sabha|assembly]] constituency in [[Paschim Bardhaman district]] in the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[West Bengal]].

==Overview==
Hirapur assembly constituency was part of [[Asansol (Lok Sabha constituency)]]. The Delimitation Commission abolished Hirapur as an assembly constituency in 2011. The area is now covered under [[Asansol Dakshin Assembly constituency]].<ref name=delimitation>{{cite web|url=http://ceowestbengal.nic.in/news_pdf/gazette123.pdf |title=Delimitation Commission Order No. 18 |access-date=2010-08-21 |publisher=Government of West Bengal |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100918130255/http://ceowestbengal.nic.in/news_pdf/gazette123.pdf |archive-date=2010-09-18 }}</ref>

==Election results==
===1977-2006===
Amitava Mukhopadhyay of [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]] won the Hirapur assembly seat in 2006, defeating his nearest rival Moloy Ghatak of [[All India Trinamool Congress|Trinamool Congress]]. Contests in most years were multi cornered but only winners and runners are being mentioned. In 2001, Moloy Ghatak of Trinamool Congress defeated Dilip Ghosh (Independent). In 1996, Shyamadas Banerjee of Congress defeated Mumtaz Hussein of [[Janata Dal]]. In 1991, Mumtaz Hussein of JD defeated Suhrid Basu Mallick of Congress. In 1987, Suhrid Basu Mallick of Congress defeated [[Bamapada Mukherjee]] of CPI (M). In 1982, [[Bamapada Mukherjee]] of CPI (M) defeated Shibdas Ghatak of Congress. In 1977, [[Bamapada Mukherjee]] of CPI (M) defeated Santimoy Aich of Congress.<ref>{{cite web| url =http://eci.nic.in/archive/ElectionAnalysis/AE/S25/Partycomp259.htm | title = 259 - Hirapur Assembly Constituency | work = Partywise Comparison Since 1977| publisher = Election Commission of India| access-date = 2009-08-29 }}</ref>

===1957-1972===
In 1972, [[Triptimoy Aich]] of Congress won the Hirapur seat. In 1971 and 1969, Bamapada Mukherjee of CPI (M) won the seat. In 1967, Shibdas Ghatak of Congress won the seat. In 1962, Dr. Gopika Ranjan Mitra of Congress won the seat. In 1957, Taher Hossain (Independent) won the seat. Prior to that the Burnpur area was part of Asansol assembly constituency.<ref>Bandopadhyay, Santimoy, ''Asansol Parikrama'' (History of Asansol), {{in lang|bn}}, pp157-158, Trinity Trust, Election results 1957-1972.</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Paschim Bardhaman topics}}
{{Vidhan Sabha constituencies of West Bengal}}

{{Coord|23.667|N|86.933|E|display=title|format=dms}}

[[Category:Former assembly constituencies of West Bengal]]
[[Category:Politics of Paschim Bardhaman district]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1957]]
[[Category:1957 establishments in West Bengal]]
[[Category:Constituencies disestablished in 2011]]
[[Category:2011 disestablishments in India]]

Belgachia West Assembly constituency

2026-04-14T03:17:23Z

YukikoTousignant: creating a details w/ refs

{{Short description|Former Legislative Assembly constituency in West Bengal, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2018}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Belgachia West
| type= SLA
| map_image =
| map_caption =
| map_alt =
| mla =
| party =
| alliance =
| latest_election_year =
| state = [[West Bengal]]
| district = [[Kolkata district|Kolkata]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Calcutta North East (Lok Sabha constituency)|Calcutta North East]]
| constituency_no = 160
| established = 1951
| electors =
| reservation = None
| abolished = 2011
}}

'''Belgachia West Assembly constituency''' was a [[Vidhan Sabha|Legislative Assembly]] constituency of [[Kolkata district]] in the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[West Bengal]].

==Overview==
As a consequence of the orders of the [[Delimitation Commission of India|Delimitation Commission]], Belgachia West Assembly constituency ceases to exist from 2011.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/delim/Final_Publications/WestBengal/FINAL%20ORDER%20NOTIFICATION_English.pdf |title = Delimitation Commission Order No. 18 dated 15 February 2006|access-date = 15 November 2010 |work = West Bengal |publisher = Election Commission of India}}</ref>

It was part of [[Calcutta North East (Lok Sabha constituency)]].<ref>{{cite web| url =http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/statisticalreports/LS_2004/Vol_III_LS_2004.pdf | title = Statistical Report on General Elections, 2004 to the 14th Lok Sabha | access-date = 15 November 2010| work = Volume III Details For Assembly Segments Of Parliamentary Constituencies | publisher = Election Commission of India | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20101006140327/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_2004/Vol_III_LS_2004.pdf| archive-date= 6 October 2010 | url-status= live}}</ref>

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"ìÍĦĤĠčw
|-
! Election Year!!Constituency!!Name of M.L.A.!!Party affiliation
|-
|[[1951 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1951]]||Belgachia||[[Ganesh Ghosh]]||[[Communist Party of India]]<ref name=vidhansabha1952>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1951/STATISTICALREPORTS_51_WestBengal.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 1951, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data, Assembly Constituency No. 180 |publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 22 November 2014}}</ref>
|-
|[[1957 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1957]]||||Ganesh Ghosh||Communist Party of India<ref name=vidhansabha1957>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1957/StatRep_WB_1957.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 1957, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data, AC No 180|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 22 November 2014}}</ref>
|-
|[[1962 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1962]]||||Ganesh Ghosh||Communist Party of India<ref name=vidhansabha1962>{{cite web| url =http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_WB_1962.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 1962, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data, AC No 122|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 22 November 2014}}</ref>
|-
|[[1967 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1967]]||||Lakshmi Charan Sen||[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]]<ref name=vidhansabha1967>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statistical%20report%20WB1967.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 1967, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data, AC No 150|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 22 November 2014}}</ref>
|-
|1969||||Lakshmi Charan Sen||Communist Party of India (Marxist)<ref name=vidhansabha1969>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1969/StatReport_WB_69.pdf|title = General Elections, India, 1969, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data, AC No 150|publisher= Election Commission |access-date = 22 November 2014}}</ref>
|-
|1971||||Lakshmi Charan Sen||Communist Party of India (Marxist)<ref name=vidhansabha1971>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1971/StatReport_WB_71.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 1971, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data, AC No 150|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 22 November 2014}}</ref>
|-
|1972||||Ganapati Sur||[[Indian National Congress]]<ref name=vidhansabha1972>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/StatReport_WB_72.pdf |title =General Elections, India, 1972, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data, AC No 150|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 22 November 2014}}</ref>
|-
|1977||Belgachia West||Lakshmi Charan Sen||Communist Party of India (Marxist)<ref name=vidhansabha1977>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1977/StatisticalReportWestBengal77.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 1977, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 22 November 2014}}</ref>
|-
|1982||||Rathindra Nath Roy||Communist Party of India (Marxist)<ref name=vidhansabha1982>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1982/StatisticalReportWestBengal82.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 1982, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 22 November 2014}}</ref>
|-
|1987||||Sudipto Roy||Indian National Congress<ref name=vidhansabha1987>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1987/StatisticalReportWestBengal87.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 1987, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 22 November 2014}}</ref>
|-
|1991||||Rajdeo Goala||Communist Party of India (Marxist)<ref name=vidhansabha1991>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1991/StatisticalReport-West%20Bengal91.pdf|title = General Elections, India, 1991, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 22 November 2014}}</ref>
|-
|1996||||Rajdeo Goala||Communist Party of India (Marxist)<ref name=vidhansabha1996>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1996/StatisticalReport-WB96.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 1996, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 22 November 2014}}</ref>
|-
|[[2001 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2001]]||||Rajdeo Goala||Communist Party of India (Marxist)<ref name=vidhansabha2001>{{cite web| url =http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2001/StatRept_WB_2001.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 2001, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 22 November 2014}}</ref>
|-
|[[2006 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2006]]||||[[Mala Saha]]||All India Trinamool Congress<ref name=vidhansabha2006>{{cite web| url =http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2006/StatReport_WB_2006.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 2006, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 22 November 2014}}</ref>
|}

==Results==
===1977-2009 Belgachia West===
In the [[2006 West Bengal state assembly election|2006 state assembly elections]],<ref name=vidhansabha2006/> Mala Saha of [[All India Trinamool Congress|Trinamool Congress]] won the Belgachia West assembly seat defeating her nearest rival Rajdeo Goala of [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]]. In 2001,<ref name=vidhansabha2001/> 1996<ref name=vidhansabha1996/> and 1991,<ref name=vidhansabha1991/> Rajdeo Goala of CPI(M) defeated Dr. Sudipta Roy of Trinamool Congress, Sadhan Das of [[Indian National Congress|Congress]] and Sudipto Roy of Congress respectively. Sudipto Roy of Congress won the seat in 1987<ref name=vidhansabha1987/> defeating Lakshmi Charan Sen of CPI(M). In 1982,<ref name=vidhansabha1982/> Rathindra Nath Roy of CPI(M) defeated Amarendra Nath Bhattacharya of Congress. In 1977, Lakshmi Charan Sen of CPI(M) defeated Bhupendra Nath Sengupta of Congress.<ref name=vidhansabha1977/><ref>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/archive/ElectionAnalysis/AE/S25/Partycomp160.htm |title =160 - Belgachia West Assembly Constituency |work = Partywise Comparison Since 1977 | publisher = Election Commission of India|access-date = 15 November 2010}}</ref>

===1951-1972 Belgachia===
During the period there was only one seat for Belgachia. Ganapati Sur of Congress defeated Lakshmi Charan Sen of CPI(M) in 1972.<ref name=vidhansabha1972/> Lakshmi Charan Sen of CPI(M) defeated Ganapati Sur of Congress in 1971,<ref name=vidhansabha1971/> Suchit Kumar Sur of Congress in 1969<ref name=vidhansabha1969/> and Ganapati Sur of Congress in 1967.<ref name=vidhansabha1967/> [[Ganesh Ghosh]] of [[Communist Party of India|CPI]] won the seat defeating Ganapati Sur of Congress in [[1962 West Bengal state assembly election|1962]],<ref name=vidhansabha1962/> Nandalal Banerjee of Congress in [[1957 West Bengal state assembly election|1957]]<ref name=vidhansabha1957/> and in [[1952 West Bengal state assembly election|independent India's first election in 1951]]<ref name=vidhansabha1952/> defeating Sudhir Kumar De of Congress.

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Kolkata constituencies}}
{{Vidhan Sabha constituencies of West Bengal}}

{{Coord|22.603|N|88.390|E|display=title|format=dms}}

[[Category:Former assembly constituencies of West Bengal]]
[[Category:Politics of Kolkata district]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1951]]
[[Category:1951 establishments in West Bengal]]
[[Category:Constituencies disestablished in 2011]]
[[Category:2011 disestablishments in India]]

Ruchi Ghanashyam

2026-04-12T01:53:09Z

YukikoTousignant: creating!

{{Short description|Indian diplomat (born 1960)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2022}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| image = File:Ruchi Ghanashyam with Sturgeon (cropped).jpg
| office = [[List of High Commissioners of India to the United Kingdom|High Commissioner of India to the United Kingdom]]
| term_start = November 2018
| term_end = June 2020
| predecessor = [[Yashvardhan Kumar Sinha]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/world-news/some-distrust-in-indo-uk-relations-says-envoy-yk-sinha/story-ioYuIsYzeWuV8ljWLhJg4H.html|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20181223003806/https://www.hindustantimes.com/world-news/some-distrust-in-indo-uk-relations-says-envoy-yk-sinha/story-ioYuIsYzeWuV8ljWLhJg4H.html|archive-date = 2018-12-23|title = Some distrust in Indo-UK relations, says envoy YK Sinha|date = 22 October 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.hcilondon.gov.in/pages?id=eyJpdiI6IlRvXC94OWRCR2tNQ0h2UzdlTzRqYU5nPT0iLCJ2YWx1ZSI6InZjUWVoM0FVQzR5d3Nid2JoZzRGa1E9PSIsIm1hYyI6ImM0MzhmMzE4YTk1MjExMzIyYzczYmYyODNjMWRjNjk3MmRjMDQxMWQ4OTJmNjJlZmM4MzQzM2VhZTAzNmIyNWQifQ==&subid=eyJpdiI6IlZTRnlPNDV6MWxtTW1GMmRyNE5RZFE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiRjFHVkZ4OVVTNkJNRWh2NnlQZDFcL0E9PSIsIm1hYyI6ImJlNDU4MmM0OTA3YmNjMGU5YjUyZGVmZjc0MTVjODIzZDExOWZmZWZlODJkNjljMmY1MmQ2ZmMxNmMwYzcwOWQifQ== |title=Welcome to High Commission of India, London, UK |website=www.hcilondon.gov.in |access-date=13 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181223003547/https://www.hcilondon.gov.in/pages?id=eyJpdiI6IlRvXC94OWRCR2tNQ0h2UzdlTzRqYU5nPT0iLCJ2YWx1ZSI6InZjUWVoM0FVQzR5d3Nid2JoZzRGa1E9PSIsIm1hYyI6ImM0MzhmMzE4YTk1MjExMzIyYzczYmYyODNjMWRjNjk3MmRjMDQxMWQ4OTJmNjJlZmM4MzQzM2VhZTAzNmIyNWQifQ==&subid=eyJpdiI6IlZTRnlPNDV6MWxtTW1GMmRyNE5RZFE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiRjFHVkZ4OVVTNkJNRWh2NnlQZDFcL0E9PSIsIm1hYyI6ImJlNDU4MmM0OTA3YmNjMGU5YjUyZGVmZjc0MTVjODIzZDExOWZmZWZlODJkNjljMmY1MmQ2ZmMxNmMwYzcwOWQifQ== |archive-date=23 December 2018 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
| successor = [[Gaitri Issar Kumar]]
| office1 = Secretary (West), [[Ministry of External Affairs (India)|Ministry of External Affairs, India]]
| term_start1 = 17 April 2017<ref name="archive.org">{{cite web|url=http://www.mea.gov.in/sw.htm|title=MEA - About MEA : Profiles :Secretary (West)|date=6 May 2018|publisher=|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180506094101/http://www.mea.gov.in/sw.htm|archive-date=2018-05-06}}</ref>
| term_end1 = November 2018<ref name="web.archive.org">{{cite web |url=https://www.hcilondon.gov.in/pages?id=eyJpdiI6IjQ5eTZtd2ZYbXVFQ2M4b3ZXNGVCVEE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiblFmRHBUTlMyV3lob3ExcjdmS2w4QT09IiwibWFjIjoiMDZjNWJhY2M2NGIyMGIyMzNmYmE4Y2Q0NzhmYWE4MTZkZTlmYWExZGJjNDY0OTNmODVkM2U0OTczNTlkYzE0NSJ9&subid=eyJpdiI6ImtLbWVZaThCSHZNNHp2ZzFHOUF4M2c9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiZTl1djBNdnV0TUpEQzNldUZCbUVNQT09IiwibWFjIjoiZWNmZGIxNmU5MDI4MDQ4Mjg3ODgyOGVhMDc1MDViMjg2NmJjMWEzMmEwODA2OTZjODhlZTg1MjgxOWI1MjhjMyJ9 |title=Welcome to High Commission of India, London, UK |website=www.hcilondon.gov.in |access-date=13 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181223004558/https://www.hcilondon.gov.in/pages?id=eyJpdiI6IjQ5eTZtd2ZYbXVFQ2M4b3ZXNGVCVEE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiblFmRHBUTlMyV3lob3ExcjdmS2w4QT09IiwibWFjIjoiMDZjNWJhY2M2NGIyMGIyMzNmYmE4Y2Q0NzhmYWE4MTZkZTlmYWExZGJjNDY0OTNmODVkM2U0OTczNTlkYzE0NSJ9&subid=eyJpdiI6ImtLbWVZaThCSHZNNHp2ZzFHOUF4M2c9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiZTl1djBNdnV0TUpEQzNldUZCbUVNQT09IiwibWFjIjoiZWNmZGIxNmU5MDI4MDQ4Mjg3ODgyOGVhMDc1MDViMjg2NmJjMWEzMmEwODA2OTZjODhlZTg1MjgxOWI1MjhjMyJ9 |archive-date=23 December 2018 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
| predecessor1 = [[Sujata Mehta (Indian Foreign Service)|Sujata Mehta]]<ref name="indianexpress.com">{{cite web|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/ruchi-ghanashyam-appointed-secretary-west-in-mea-4547834/|title=Ruchi Ghanashyam appointed Secretary (West) in MEA|date=28 February 2017|publisher=}}</ref>
| successor1 = [[A. Gitesh Sarma]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=183606|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181006161451/http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=183606|archive-date=2018-10-06|title=Appointment of Shri A. Gitesh Sarma, as Secretary (West) MEA}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.uniindia.com/a-gitesh-sarma-appointed-as-secretary-west-in-mea/india/news/1356976.html |title=A Gitesh Sarma appointed as Secretary (West) in MEA |website=www.uniindia.com |access-date=13 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181006161356/http://www.uniindia.com/a-gitesh-sarma-appointed-as-secretary-west-in-mea/india/news/1356976.html |archive-date=6 October 2018 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
| office2 = [[Indian people|Indian]] [[High commissioner (Commonwealth)|High Commissioner]] to [[South Africa]]<ref name="archive.org1">[https://web.archive.org/web/20180506094638/http://www.hcisouthafrica.in/hc.php?id=Previous Former High Commissioners] High Commission of India</ref>
| prime_minister2 =
| term_start2 = 28 October 2013<ref name="archive.org1"/>
| term_end2 = 13 April 2017<ref name="archive.org1"/>
| predecessor2 = Virendra Gupta
| successor2 = [[Ruchira Kamboj]]
| office3 = [[Indian people|Indian]] [[High commissioner (Commonwealth)|High Commissioner]] to [[Ghana]] with concurrent [[Diplomatic accreditation|accreditation]] to [[Burkina Faso]], [[Togo]] and [[Sierra Leone]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hciaccra.in/hci.php?id=About|title=High Commission of India, Accra, Ghana : Welcome to the High Commission of India, Accra|date=6 May 2018|publisher=|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180506100701/http://www.hciaccra.in/hci.php?id=About|archive-date=2018-05-06}}</ref>
| prime_minister3 =
| term_start3 = 2008<ref name="archive.org2">{{cite web|url=http://www.hciaccra.in/hci.php?id=Former|title=High Commission of India, Accra, Ghana : Former High Commissioners|date=6 May 2018|publisher=|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180506095511/http://www.hciaccra.in/hci.php?id=Former|archive-date=2018-05-06}}</ref>
| term_end3 = 2011<ref name="archive.org2"/>
| predecessor3 = Rajesh Nandan Prasad
| successor3 = Rajinder Bhagat
| office4 = [[Envoy (title)|Minister]], [[Permanent Mission of India to the United Nations]], [[New York City|New York]]<ref name="archive.org"/>
| prime_minister4 =
| term_start4 = May 2004<ref name="archive.org"/>
| term_end4 = March 2008<ref name="archive.org"/>
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1960|04|04|df=y}}
| birth_place =
| occupation = [[Indian Foreign Service]]
| children =
| party =
| alma_mater = [[Barkatullah University|Bhopal University]]
| profession =
| spouse = Ajjampur Rangaiah Ghanashyam
| sibling =
| website =
| honorific_suffix = [[Indian Foreign Service|IFS]]
| honorific_prefix = [[Her Excellency]]
}}
'''Ruchi Ghanashyam''' (born 4 April 1960<ref name="archive.org3">{{cite web|url=https://mea.gov.in/writereaddata/images/Civi_List_27-7-12.pdf|date=22 April 2018|publisher=|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180422070724/https://mea.gov.in/writereaddata/images/Civi_List_27-7-12.pdf|archive-date=2018-04-22|title=Sorry for the inconvenience}}</ref>) is a retired [[Indian people|Indian]] [[diplomat]] who belongs to the [[Indian Foreign Service]].

==Personal life==
Ruchi Ghanashyam holds a [[Master of Arts]] degree in [[psychology]] from [[Barkatullah University|Bhopal University]].<ref name="archive.org"/> She is married to Ajjampur Rangaiah Ghanashyam, who also belonged to the [[Indian Foreign Service]]. They have two sons.<ref name="archive.org"/>

==Career==
She joined the [[Indian Foreign Service]] in August 1982. She was the Third Secretary at the [[Indian people|Indian]] Embassy in [[Damascus]] where she learnt [[Arabic]].<ref name="web.archive.org">{{cite web |url=https://www.hcilondon.gov.in/pages?id=eyJpdiI6IjQ5eTZtd2ZYbXVFQ2M4b3ZXNGVCVEE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiblFmRHBUTlMyV3lob3ExcjdmS2w4QT09IiwibWFjIjoiMDZjNWJhY2M2NGIyMGIyMzNmYmE4Y2Q0NzhmYWE4MTZkZTlmYWExZGJjNDY0OTNmODVkM2U0OTczNTlkYzE0NSJ9&subid=eyJpdiI6ImtLbWVZaThCSHZNNHp2ZzFHOUF4M2c9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiZTl1djBNdnV0TUpEQzNldUZCbUVNQT09IiwibWFjIjoiZWNmZGIxNmU5MDI4MDQ4Mjg3ODgyOGVhMDc1MDViMjg2NmJjMWEzMmEwODA2OTZjODhlZTg1MjgxOWI1MjhjMyJ9 |title=Welcome to High Commission of India, London, UK |website=www.hcilondon.gov.in |access-date=13 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181223004558/https://www.hcilondon.gov.in/pages?id=eyJpdiI6IjQ5eTZtd2ZYbXVFQ2M4b3ZXNGVCVEE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiblFmRHBUTlMyV3lob3ExcjdmS2w4QT09IiwibWFjIjoiMDZjNWJhY2M2NGIyMGIyMzNmYmE4Y2Q0NzhmYWE4MTZkZTlmYWExZGJjNDY0OTNmODVkM2U0OTczNTlkYzE0NSJ9&subid=eyJpdiI6ImtLbWVZaThCSHZNNHp2ZzFHOUF4M2c9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiZTl1djBNdnV0TUpEQzNldUZCbUVNQT09IiwibWFjIjoiZWNmZGIxNmU5MDI4MDQ4Mjg3ODgyOGVhMDc1MDViMjg2NmJjMWEzMmEwODA2OTZjODhlZTg1MjgxOWI1MjhjMyJ9 |archive-date=23 December 2018 |url-status=dead}}</ref> She has served in [[Indian people|Indian]] missions in [[Brussels]], [[Kathmandu]], [[Damascus]], [[Islamabad]]<ref name="archive.org"/> [[Pretoria]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.financialexpress.com/world-news/india-south-africa-united-for-centuries-by-umblical-cord/622756/|title=India, South Africa united for centuries by umblical cord: Ruchi Ghanashyam - The Financial Express|date=6 May 2018|publisher=|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180506134200/https://www.financialexpress.com/world-news/india-south-africa-united-for-centuries-by-umblical-cord/622756/|archive-date=2018-05-06}}</ref> and [[Accra]].<ref name="indianexpress.com"/> Ruchi has served at the [[Ministry of External Affairs (India)|Ministry of External Affairs]] in [[New Delhi]] as Director (Pakistan) from August 2000 to March 2004.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-06-08|title=Long Demarche Home|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/magazine/story/long-demarche-home/219095|access-date=2021-02-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180608113556/https://www.outlookindia.com/magazine/story/long-demarche-home/219095|archive-date=2018-06-08}}</ref> Prior to this, she was the Counsellor (Political, Press & Information) at the [[High Commission of India, Islamabad|Indian High Commission in Pakistan]]. As an [[Undersecretary]] at the [[Ministry of External Affairs (India)|Ministry of External Affairs]] in [[New Delhi]], she handled the Audio-Visual Publicity for the Ministry.<ref name="archive.org"/>

Ghanashyam was the first [[Indian people|Indian]] woman [[diplomat]] to be posted in [[Islamabad]] when the harassment of [[Indian people|Indian]] diplomats was routine.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-06-08|title=Ms Uninterrupted|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/magazine/story/ms-uninterrupted/238083|access-date=2021-02-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180608113823/https://www.outlookindia.com/magazine/story/ms-uninterrupted/238083|archive-date=2018-06-08}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[A. Gitesh Sarma]]
* [[Vijay Keshav Gokhale|Vijay Gokhale]]
* [[Harsh Vardhan Shringla|Harsh V Shringla]]
*[[Taranjit Singh Sandhu]]
* [[Syed Akbaruddin]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ghanashyam, Ruchi}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian Foreign Service officers]]
[[Category:Women ambassadors of India]]
[[Category:1960 births]]
[[Category:Ambassadors of India to South Africa]]
[[Category:Barkatullah University alumni]]
[[Category:High commissioners of India to the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Indian women diplomats]]

Nina Davuluri

2026-04-01T05:24:25Z

YukikoTousignant: article

{{short description|2014 Miss America beauty pageant titleholder}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=April 2019}}
{{good article}}
{{Infobox pageant titleholder
| honorific_prefix =
| name = Nina Davuluri
| honorific_suffix =
| image = Nina Davuluri at White House Forum on Minorities in Energy 2013 A (cropped).jpg
| alt = Davuluri standing at a podium
| caption = Davuluri at the [[White House]] Forum on Minorities in Energy, November 2013
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1989|04|20}}
| birth_place = [[Syracuse, New York|Syracuse]], [[New York (state)|New York]], U.S.
| education = [[University of Michigan]] (B.S. in Brain Behavior and Cognitive Science, 2011)
| occupation = Speaker and advocate
| known_for = First Indian American [[Miss America]] and [[Miss New York]]
| title = Miss Southwest Michigan's Outstanding Teen 2005 [[Miss Michigan's Outstanding Teen]] 2006 Miss Greater Rochester 2012 Miss Syracuse 2013 [[Miss New York]] 2013 [[Miss America 2014]]
| term = September 15, 2013 – September 14, 2014
| predecessor = [[Mallory Hagan]]
| successor = [[Kira Kazantsev]]
| nationalcompetition = [[Miss America's Outstanding Teen]] 2007 (first runner-up) [[Miss America 2014]] (winner)
| website = {{URL|https://www.ninadavuluri.com/}}
}}

'''Nina Davuluri''' (born April 20, 1989) is an American [[public speaker]], advocate, and beauty queen who hosts the reality show ''Made in America'' on [[Zee TV]] America from [[Manhattan]].<ref name=zee>{{cite web|url=http://www.zeetvusa.com/zeetv/shows/made-in-america/|title=Made in America: About|publisher=[[Zee TV]]|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170913135907/http://www.zeetvusa.com/zeetv/shows/made-in-oamerica/|archive-date=September 13, 2017}}</ref><ref name=ndofficial/><ref name=line>{{cite web
|url = https://www.thetealmango.com/lifestyle/everything-you-need-to-know-about-nina-davuluri-and-rooshy-roys-skincare-line/
|title = Everything you Need to Know About Nina Davuluri and Rooshy Roy's Skincare Line
|access-date = September 10, 2018
|last = Editorial
|date = July 25, 2018
|publisher = The Teal Mango
}}</ref><ref name=huffpostlearn>{{cite news
|url = https://www.huffpost.com/entry/indian-beauty-self-care-philosophy_l_5c93d106e4b0e9efc8b5ab56
|title = What Everyone Can Learn From The Indian Beauty Formula
|access-date = March 27, 2019
|last = Brucculieri
|first = Julia
|date = March 21, 2019
|work = The Huffington Post
}}</ref><ref name=syr2019>{{cite web
|url = https://www.localsyr.com/news/hidden-history/womens-history/nina-davuluri-from-miss-america-to-global-leader-entrepreneur/1829055763
|title = Nina Davuluri: From Miss America to global leader & entrepreneur
|access-date = March 27, 2019
|last = Jadran
|first = Farah
|date = March 6, 2019
|publisher = [[WSYR-TV]]
}}</ref>

As [[Miss America 2014]], she became the first [[Indians in the New York City metropolitan area|Indian American]] contestant to win both the [[Miss New York]] followed by the [[Miss America|Miss America Competition]].<ref name=ndofficial>{{cite web|url=https://www.ninadavuluri.com/about/|title=Nina Davuluri Official Website: About|publisher=ninadavulri.com|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170913141641/https://www.ninadavuluri.com/about/|archive-date=September 13, 2017}}</ref> She is also the second [[Asian American]] to be crowned [[Miss America]].

=={{anchor|Early Life and education}}Early life==
Davuluri was born on April 20, 1989, in [[Syracuse, New York]], into a [[Telugu people|Telugu]] family from [[India]]. Her mother is an [[Information technology]] specialist, her father was a [[Obstetrics and gynaecology|gynecologist]], and her sister is a doctor.<ref name=obit>{{cite web|url=https://obits.syracuse.com/obituaries/syracuse/obituary.aspx?n=chaudhury-davuluri&pid=180261975&fhid=13173
|title=Dr. Chaudhury Davuluri|access-date=2019-07-30|date=2016-06-06|publisher=syracuse.com}}</ref><ref name=fbbio>{{cite web
|url=https://www.facebook.com/NinaDavuluriPage/info/?tab=page_info |title =Nina Davuluri's Official Facebook Page
|access-date = March 25, 2016|last=Davuluri|first=Nina|publisher = Facebook|url-status=live
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180320165555/https://www.facebook.com/NinaDavuluriPage/info/?tab=page_info
|archive-date=March 20, 2018}}</ref><ref name=indiawest2>{{cite web |url=http://www.indiawest.com/news/global_indian/indian-american-nina-davuluri-wins-miss-america/article_3f07e7ef-bc86-5275-b2c0-f971cda9203b.html |title=Indian American Nina Davuluri Wins Miss America 2014 |access-date=March 25, 2016 |last=Tsering |first=Lisa |date=September 15, 2013
|publisher=India-West |url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160327201132/http://www.indiawest.com/news/global_indian/indian-american-nina-davuluri-wins-miss-america/article_3f07e7ef-bc86-5275-b2c0-f971cda9203b.html |archive-date = March 27, 2016}}</ref><ref name=toainter>{{cite news
|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/apahm/achievers/The-first-Indian-American-to-be-crowned-Miss-America/apahm_show/46987619.cms |title=The first Indian-American to be crowned Miss America |access-date = March 26, 2016 |last=Basu |first=Babita |date=June 2015 |newspaper =[[Times of India]] |url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160316164727/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/apahm/achievers/The-first-Indian-American-to-be-crowned-Miss-America/apahm_show/46987619.cms |archive-date = March 16, 2016}}</ref><ref name=roots/><ref name=sisterdeg>{{cite web|url=http://www.medreviews.com/issue.cfm?issue=349|title=Urology: Vol 17, No 2 – 2015: "The Comparison of Magnetic Resonance Image–Guided Targeted Biopsy Versus Standard Template Saturation Biopsy in the Detection of Prostate Cancer"|access-date=March 26, 2016|publisher=MedReviews|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160508230232/http://www.medreviews.com/issue.cfm?issue=349|archive-date=May 8, 2016}}</ref> When she was six weeks old, Davuluri was brought to live with her grandmother and aunt in [[Vijayawada]], [[Andhra Pradesh]]. She stayed there until she was two-and-a-half years old, when her parents brought her back to the United States, returning to India each summer in order to study [[Dance in India|Indian dance.]]<ref name="roots" /><ref name="fp" /> She is also fluent in [[Telugu language|Telugu]].<ref name="langtel">{{cite news|url=http://limaohio.com/archive/21599|title=There she is ... in Bluffton:Miss America speaks on cultural diversity at Bluffton University|access-date = March 25, 2016|last=Kelly
|first=Craig |date=April 9, 2014|newspaper=[[The Lima News]]|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180320165555/http://www.limaohio.com/archive/21599|archive-date = March 20, 2018}}</ref>

Davuluri moved to [[Oklahoma]] when she was four years old. She lived there until she was 10, next moving to [[St. Joseph, Michigan]].<ref name="background" /><ref name=atc>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cfU4CtjKe8o|title = #ActToChange Live Event – Armchair Dialogue w Kelly Hu, Nina Davuluri, Jason Chu|access-date = July 17, 2016|date=December 14, 2015|publisher = [[White House Initiative on Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders]]|url-status=live|archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20180320165555/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cfU4CtjKe8o|archive-date = March 20, 2018}}</ref> This period of her life would become the foundation for her future Miss American platform, "Celebrating Diversity Through Cultural Competency," as its goal is to confront bullying by actively learning to talk about diversity in an open and respectful way.<ref name=atc/>

As a child, Davuluri studied ballet, tap, and jazz dance, and was later in the [[St. Joseph High School (St. Joseph, Michigan)|St. Joseph High School]], where she participated in the marching band, played varsity tennis, and was on the Science Olympiad team.<ref name="fp"/> She graduated from St. Joseph in 2007, the same year that her parents moved to [[Fayetteville, New York]].<ref name="background">{{cite web|url=http://www.heraldpalladium.com/news/local/memories-of-miss-america/article_43b529f1-1595-51a7-9ee1-d40d93d51e1f.html|title=Memories of Miss America: SJ graduate Nina Davuluri is first Indian American to win the pageant; former teacher cherishes her insightful 2007 essay|access-date = March 25, 2016|last=Matuszak|first=John|date=September 23, 2013|publisher=The Herald Palladium|url-status =live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180320165555/http://www.heraldpalladium.com/news/local/memories-of-miss-america/article_43b529f1-1595-51a7-9ee1-d40d93d51e1f.html|archive-date = March 20, 2018}}</ref><ref name="fayetteville">{{cite news |url=http://www.syracuse.com/news/index.ssf/2013/09/fayettevilles_miss_america_contestant_is_ready_for_the_big_night.html |title=Fayetteville's Miss America contestant, Nina Davuluri, hopes to make top 15 |access-date=March 25, 2016 |last=Doran |first=Elizabeth |date=September 23, 2013 |newspaper=The Post-Standard |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151219030328/http://www.syracuse.com/news/index.ssf/2013/09/fayettevilles_miss_america_contestant_is_ready_for_the_big_night.html
|archive-date = December 19, 2015}}</ref> She chose to stay in Michigan, however, first beginning college at [[Michigan State University]], and later transferring to the University of Michigan, where she was a [[List of Sigma Kappa chapters#Α|Sigma Kappa]]/Alpha Mu, was on the [[Dean's List]], and received Michigan Merit and [[National Honor Society]] Awards.<ref name="princeton1" /><ref name="sigma">{{cite web |url=http://www.sigmakappa.org/ThreeColumn.aspx?pageid=4717&id=7640&blogid=40237 |title=Out & About:Nina Davuluri, Miss America 2014 |access-date=March 25, 2016 |date=September 16, 2013 |publisher=Sigma Kappa Sorority |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130920013919/http://www.sigmakappa.org/ThreeColumn.aspx?pageid=4717&id=7640&blogid=40237 |archive-date=September 20, 2013}}</ref><ref name="maorg">{{cite web|url=http://missamerica.org/former-miss-americas/miss-america-2014-nina-davuluri/|title=Miss America 2014 Biography|access-date=March 25, 2016|publisher=[[Miss America]] Organization|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160617192502/http://missamerica.org/former-miss-americas/miss-america-2014-nina-davuluri/|archive-date=June 17, 2016}}</ref> She graduated in 2011 with a B.S. in brain behavior and cognitive science.<ref name=indiawest2/><ref name="fp">{{cite news|url=http://www.dispatch.com/content/stories/life_and_entertainment/2013/11/11/miss-america-a-class-act-in-history-making-role.html
|title=Miss America — her own way: Michigan girl next door evolves, winning admiration for championing diversity|access-date= March 25, 2016
|last=Montemurri|first=Patricia|date=November 11, 2013|newspaper=[[The Columbus Dispatch]]|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160328204905/http://www.dispatch.com/content/stories/life_and_entertainment/2013/11/11/miss-america-a-class-act-in-history-making-role.html|archive-date=March 28, 2016}}</ref><ref name="sigma"/><ref name="umich3">{{cite web|url=http://alumni.umich.edu/alumnus/notable-alumni/
|title =Famous Alumni of the University of Michigan: Popular Culture|access-date=March 25, 2016|publisher= [[University of Michigan]]|url-status=live
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160406065405/http://alumni.umich.edu/alumnus/notable-alumni/|archive-date = April 6, 2016}}</ref> She then moved back in with her family in New York, where she took nine [[Pre-medical|pre-med courses]] at [[Le Moyne College]]. Halfway through her tenure as Miss America, however, she announced that she would not be applying to medical school.<ref name="lem">{{cite news
|url=http://www.syracuse.com/news/index.ssf/2013/09/nina_davuluris_dream_to_become_miss_america.html|title=Nina Davuluri launches her whirlwind year as Miss America in New York City|access-date=March 25, 2016|last=Doran|first=Elizabeth|date=September 17, 2013|newspaper=[[The Post-Standard]]|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304104226/http://www.syracuse.com/news/index.ssf/2013/09/nina_davuluris_dream_to_become_miss_america.html|archive-date = March 4, 2016}}</ref><ref name="nolonger">{{cite news|url=http://www.syracuse.com/entertainment/index.ssf/2014/04/miss_america_nina_davuluri_doctor_family_pressure.html
|title=Miss America Nina Davuluri no longer wants to be a doctor, says family pressured her|access-date = March 25, 2016|last=[[Associated Press]]
|date=April 28, 2014|newspaper=[[The Post-Standard]]|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160329114555/http://www.syracuse.com/entertainment/index.ssf/2014/04/miss_america_nina_davuluri_doctor_family_pressure.html
|archive-date = March 29, 2016}}</ref>

=={{anchor|Miss Michigan's Outstanding Teen and Miss New York}}Miss Michigan's Outstanding Teen and Miss New York==
At the age of 16, Davuluri became interested in beauty pageants after her sister Meena won the title of Miss [[St. Joseph, Michigan|St. Joseph]].<ref name=faceoffuture/><ref name=mdqueen>{{cite news
|url = http://www.heraldpalladium.com/localnews/southwest-michigan-tradition-brings-communities-together/article_43baf445-1cb2-5fc9-91d5-2e716f050fa8.html
|title = Southwest Michigan tradition brings communities together
|access-date = March 26, 2016
|last = Josephsen
|first = Lisa
|date = May 2, 2005
|newspaper = [[The Herald-Palladium]]
|url-status = live
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180320165555/http://www.heraldpalladium.com/localnews/southwest-michigan-tradition-brings-communities-together/article_43baf445-1cb2-5fc9-91d5-2e716f050fa8.html
|archive-date = March 20, 2018
}}</ref> As she was too young to enter local pageants, Davuluri became involved with [[Miss America]]'s Teen division in Michigan, where she also learned that she could earn scholarship money for college.<ref name=faceoffuture/> She won the Miss Southwest Michigan's Outstanding Teen 2005 pageant, followed by the [[Miss America's Outstanding Teen state pageants#Michigan|Miss Michigan's Outstanding Teen]] 2006 pageant, and was first runner-up at the [[Miss America's Outstanding Teen]] 2007 pageant. After winning nearly $25,000 in scholarship money, she stopped competing for a few years and focused instead on her undergraduate education.<ref name="background"/><ref name=teensw>{{cite news
|url = http://www.heraldpalladium.com/localnews/griffin-is-named-miss-southwest-michigan/article_a834390a-df44-5a91-9352-de993797c279.html
|title = Griffin is named Miss Southwest Michigan
|access-date = July 10, 2016
|last = Donavin
|first = Denise Perry
|date = August 29, 2005
|newspaper = [[The Herald-Palladium]]
|url-status = live
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180320165555/http://www.heraldpalladium.com/localnews/griffin-is-named-miss-southwest-michigan/article_a834390a-df44-5a91-9352-de993797c279.html
|archive-date = March 20, 2018
}}</ref><ref name=npr0918/> After graduating from the University of Michigan, Davuluri returned to competing in pageants in order to fund graduate school.<ref name="npr0918" /> In 2012, as a New York resident, she won the title of Miss Greater Rochester 2012, and was named second runner-up in the [[Miss New York]] 2012 pageant.<ref name="grroc">{{cite news
|url=http://www.democratandchronicle.com/story/lifestyle/2013/09/16/newly-crowned-miss-america-nina-davuluri-won-pageant-here-in-2012/2821681/
|title=Miss America was Miss Greater Rochester in 2012
|access-date=March 25, 2016
|date=September 17, 2013
|newspaper=[[Democrat and Chronicle]]
}}</ref><ref name="Park">{{cite news
|url = http://www.brooklyneagle.com/articles/park-slope-beauty-crowned-miss-ny
|title = Park Slope beauty crowned Miss NY
|last = MacKinnon
|first = Eli
|date = June 19, 2013
|newspaper = Brooklyn Eagle
|url-status = live
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140812224456/http://www.brooklyneagle.com/articles/park-slope-beauty-crowned-miss-ny
|archive-date = August 12, 2014
}}</ref>

Davuluri tried again the following year and won the title of Miss Syracuse 2013. She was then crowned [[Miss New York]] 2013.<ref name=firstny>{{cite news
|url = http://www.syracuse.com/news/index.ssf/2013/09/miss_ny_eliminated_from_finals_in_miss_america_pageant.html
|title = Miss New York wins Miss America
|last = Doran
|first = Elizabeth
|date = September 15, 2013
|newspaper = The Post-Standard
|url-status = live
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20131224115916/http://www.syracuse.com/news/index.ssf/2013/09/miss_ny_eliminated_from_finals_in_miss_america_pageant.html
|archive-date = December 24, 2013
}}</ref> Davuluri has spoken publicly about losing {{convert|53|lbs}}, her struggle with [[bulimia]], and her belief that "you don't need to be a certain size to be healthy".<ref name="metrous">{{cite web
|url = http://www.metro.us/news/miss-america-nina-davuluri-talks-weight-struggles-and-racist-backlash/tmWmjc---41pJ9UpMtUZU/
|title = Miss America Nina Davuluri talks weight struggles, bulimic past and racist backlash
|access-date = March 25, 2016
|last = Park
|first = Andrea
|date = October 3, 2013
|publisher = [[Metro International#North America|MetroBoston]]
|url-status = live
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160329054137/http://www.metro.us/news/miss-america-nina-davuluri-talks-weight-struggles-and-racist-backlash/tmWmjc---41pJ9UpMtUZU/
|archive-date = March 29, 2016
}}</ref><ref name="workedout">{{cite web
|url = http://www.elle.com/culture/celebrities/news/a23811/nina-davuluri-flywheel-interview/
|title = I Worked Out With Miss America
|access-date = March 25, 2016
|last = Wischhover
|first = Cheryl
|date = October 3, 2013
|publisher = [[ELLE]]
|url-status = live
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160312124838/http://www.elle.com/culture/celebrities/news/a23811/nina-davuluri-flywheel-interview/
|archive-date = March 12, 2016
}}</ref>

=={{anchor|Miss America}}Miss America==
[[File:Nina Davuluri.jpg|thumb|175 px|alt=Davuluri speaking, wearing her Miss America tiara, large earrings and a long necklace of red flowers|At the International Alliance for the Prevention of [[HIV/AIDS|AIDS]] (IAPA) benefit dinner, April 19, 2014]]

Davuluri, the first [[Indian American]] to win the Miss America pageant (and the second Miss New York in a row), held the title of [[Miss America 2014]] from September 15, 2013, to September 14, 2014.<ref name=winvid>{{cite web
|url = https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rUFnBV4urTs&list=PLfR3JsjKzC8TmyxFsKYBfaXw1afB-ta0A&index=5
|title = Miss America 2014 Nina Davuluri's Crowning Moment (video)
|access-date = March 25, 2016
|date = September 15, 2014
|publisher = Miss America Organization
|url-status = live
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140304171229/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rUFnBV4urTs&list=PLfR3JsjKzC8TmyxFsKYBfaXw1afB-ta0A&index=5
|archive-date = March 4, 2014
}}</ref><ref name=reut0916>{{cite news|last=Cavaliere|first=Victoria|title=Miss New York is first Indian-American to win Miss America|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/entertainment-us-usa-missamerica-idUSBRE98E0BZ20130916/|access-date=March 25, 2016|work=[[Reuters]]|date=September 16, 2013|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151120184409/http://www.reuters.com/article/2013/09/16/entertainment-us-usa-missamerica-idUSBRE98E0BZ20130916|archive-date=November 20, 2015}}</ref><ref name=todayfirst>{{cite web
|url = http://www.today.com/style/miss-new-york-first-indian-american-win-miss-america-pageant-8C11162084
|title = Miss New York is first Indian-American to win Miss America pageant
|access-date = March 25, 2016
|last = Fears
|first = Danika
|date = September 15, 2013
|publisher = [[Today (U.S. TV program)|Today]]
|url-status = live
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160405063458/http://www.today.com/style/miss-new-york-first-indian-american-win-miss-america-pageant-8C11162084
|archive-date = April 5, 2016
}}</ref> In doing so, she followed in the footsteps of a previous Miss Syracuse/Miss New York, [[Vanessa Williams]], who (as [[Miss America 1984]]) was the first [[African American]] winner of the pageant.<ref name="hp0921" /><ref name="day" /> She is also the second [[Asian American]] contestant to be crowned Miss America (the first was [[Filipino American]] [[Angela Perez Baraquio]] in 2001).<ref name="angelainterview">{{cite news
|last = Alumit
|first = Noel
|title = The First Asian American Miss America Responds to the Hate
|url = http://www.huffingtonpost.com/noel-alumit/the-first-asian-american-_b_3949860.html
|access-date = September 27, 2013
|newspaper = [[Huffington Post]]
|date = September 19, 2013
|url-status = live
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130924070636/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/noel-alumit/the-first-asian-american-_b_3949860.html
|archive-date = September 24, 2013
}}</ref> [[NPR]]'s Michael Martin commented on this aspect of her win by noting that "there were five Asian-Americans competing for the crown. That's the highest number in pageant history. Three of you were in the top five. Two of you were the finalists, and this in a contest where initially the requirements were that contestants be of good health and [[Jim Crow laws|of the white race]]."<ref name=npr0918/><ref name="pbs">{{cite web
|url = https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/missamerica-breaking-color-line/
|title = Miss America:People & Events: Breaking the Color Line at the Pageant (American Experience)
|access-date = March 25, 2016
|date = January 27, 2002
|publisher = [[Public Broadcasting Service|PBS]]
|url-status = live
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160405154103/http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/missamerica/peopleevents/e_inclusion.html
|archive-date = April 5, 2016
}}</ref><ref name=beauty>{{cite web
|url = http://www.cnn.com/2013/09/17/living/identity-miss-america-opinion-beauty/
|title = Miss America, Julie Chen and the beauty of choice
|access-date = March 25, 2016
|last = Virani
|first = Aarti
|date = September 17, 2013
|publisher = [[CNN]]
|url-status = live
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160306081259/http://www.cnn.com/2013/09/17/living/identity-miss-america-opinion-beauty/
|archive-date = March 6, 2016
}}</ref>

Drawing on her background in [[Kuchipudi]] and [[Bharatanatyam]], Davuluri danced to the song "[[Om Shanti Om#Music|Dhoom Taana]]" from the film ''[[Om Shanti Om]]'' for her talent performance''.''<ref name="indiawest2" /><ref name="roots">{{cite news
|url = http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Vijayawada/miss-america-has-roots-in-vijayawada/article5135494.ece?homepage=true
|title = Miss America has roots in Vijayawada
|access-date = March 25, 2016
|last = Bhattacharjee
|first = Sumit
|date = September 17, 2013
|newspaper = [[The Hindu]]
|url-status = live
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140301111130/http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Vijayawada/miss-america-has-roots-in-vijayawada/article5135494.ece?homepage=true
|archive-date = March 1, 2014
}}</ref><ref name="indiawest" /> Her routine, the first time [[Bollywood]] appeared on the Miss America stage, was developed in conjunction with [[Nakul Dev Mahajan]] as a fusion of Bollywood and [[Indian classical dance]].<ref name=indiawest>{{cite news
|url = http://www.indiawest.com/news/global_indian/mahajan-choreographs-another-winning-performance/article_cc8b8054-c334-5913-be8a-fa48aabc84af.html
|title = Mahajan Choreographs Another Winning Performance
|access-date = March 25, 2016
|last = Tsering
|first = Lisa
|date = September 16, 2013
|publisher = India-West
|url-status = live
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170704084909/http://www.indiawest.com/news/global_indian/mahajan-choreographs-another-winning-performance/article_cc8b8054-c334-5913-be8a-fa48aabc84af.html
|archive-date = July 4, 2017
}}</ref><ref name="TOA">{{cite news
|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/regional/bengali/news-interviews/Its-time-to-rise-above-colours-Miss-America-2014-Nina-Davuluri/articleshow/22845278.cms
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130924011420/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-09-21/news-interviews/42272109_1_miss-america-bollywood-movies-racist-remarks
|url-status=live
|archive-date=September 24, 2013
|title=Its time to rise above colours: Miss America 2014, Nina Davuluri
|access-date=March 25, 2016
|last=Sen
|first=Zinia
|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]
|date=September 25, 2013
}}</ref> After being crowned Miss America, she said that she was told that she was "never going to win with a Bollywood talent so just go back to singing if you are serious about [winning]."<ref name=metrous/>

During the final moments of the pageant, one of the hosts, [[Lara Spencer]], approached the only contestants left on the stage, Davuluri and [[Miss California]] [[Crystal Lee]] and asked them how they were "feeling." Davuluri replied that both she and Lee were "so proud. We're making history right here, standing here as Asian-Americans."<ref name=db>{{cite web
|url = http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2013/09/16/nina-davuluri-crowned-miss-america-the-first-miss-america-of-indian-descent.html
|title = Nina Davuluri Crowned Miss America: The First Miss America of Indian Descent
|access-date = March 25, 2016
|last = Stern
|first = Marlow
|date = September 16, 2013
|website = [[The Daily Beast]]
|url-status = live
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160311122457/http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2013/09/16/nina-davuluri-crowned-miss-america-the-first-miss-america-of-indian-descent.html
|archive-date = March 11, 2016
}}</ref> She later described that part of the pageant as "very surreal."<ref name=npr0918>{{cite web
|url = https://www.npr.org/templates/transcript/transcript.php?storyId=223695339
|title = Is Nina Davuluri American Enough to be Miss America? (NPR Interview)
|access-date = March 25, 2016
|last = Martin
|first = Michael
|date = September 18, 2013
|publisher = [[NPR]]
|url-status = live
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160304090524/http://www.npr.org/templates/transcript/transcript.php?storyId=223695339
|archive-date = March 4, 2016
}}</ref>

{{blockquote|I really wanted to help effect a change in beauty standards . ... Miss America's branding is so associated with the girl next door, which has always meant blonde hair and blue eyes with only a few exceptions, but the girl next door must evolve as the country evolves. When I was younger I wanted to fit in, but I was aware growing up that I didn't fit that mould, and I really wanted to help make a change that meant young girls wouldn't feel like that.|Nina Davuluri<ref name=vog/>}}

==={{anchor|Aftermath}}Aftermath===
{{quote box|width=30%|align=right|quote=[After being named Miss New York 2013], people called me a terrorist and ridiculous things like that. When that happened, I sat down with my mom and sister ... saying, 'why is this happening? I was born in New York, and I've always thought of myself as first and foremost American and my platform is diversity.'<ref name=faceoffuture/>

The biggest thing I realized is that many of these remarks aren't necessarily meant to be malicious but are simply a factor of ignorance ... understanding everyone's beliefs and backgrounds and finding that common ground so we can all communicate in an open, honest and respectful manner ... is something I've essentially been promoting my entire life.<ref name=asbmb>{{cite web
|url = http://www.asbmb.org/asbmbtoday/201411/Features/MissAmerica/#.VFpus_qPUUo.twitter
|title = 'More than pretty': Former Miss America Nina Davuluri confronts stereotypes about beauty, ethnicity and intelligence
|last = Geoffrey Hunt and Rajendrani Mukhopadhyay
|date = November 2014
|publisher = [[American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology]]
|url-status = live
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20141106070341/http://www.asbmb.org/asbmbtoday/201411/Features/MissAmerica/#.VFpus_qPUUo.twitter
|archive-date = November 6, 2014
}}</ref>|source= — Nina Davuluri
}}

Shortly after she was crowned Miss America 2014, Davuluri became the target of [[Xenophobia|xenophobic]] and [[racist]] commentary in American [[social media]].<ref name="second">{{cite news|last=Greenhouse|first=Emily|title=Combating Twitter Hate with Twitter Hate|url=http://www.newyorker.com/online/blogs/elements/2013/09/combatting-twitter-hate-with-twitter-hate.html|newspaper=[[The New Yorker]]|date=September 20, 2013|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140227125517/http://www.newyorker.com/online/blogs/elements/2013/09/combatting-twitter-hate-with-twitter-hate.html|archive-date=February 27, 2014}}</ref><ref name=elle>{{cite web
|url = http://www.elle.com/beauty/health-fitness/news/a23776/miss-america-bollywood/
|title = Is Bollywood the New Zumba?
|access-date = March 25, 2016
|last = Wischhover
|first = Cheryl
|date = September 26, 2013
|publisher = [[ELLE]]
|url-status = live
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160405230905/http://www.elle.com/beauty/health-fitness/news/a23776/miss-america-bollywood/
|archive-date = April 5, 2016
}}</ref> The news media compared this response to the backlash against [[Vanessa Williams and Miss America|Vanessa Williams after she became Miss America 1984]].<ref name=hp0921>{{cite web
|url = http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2013/09/21/vanessa-williams-the-first-black-miss-america-on-nina-davuluri-and-racism.html
|title = Vanessa Williams, the First Black Miss America, On Nina Davuluri and Racism
|access-date = March 25, 2016
|last = Stern
|first = Marlow
|date = September 21, 2013
|website = [[The Daily Beast]]
|url-status = live
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160407130357/http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2013/09/21/vanessa-williams-the-first-black-miss-america-on-nina-davuluri-and-racism.html
|archive-date = April 7, 2016
}}</ref><ref name="day">{{cite web
|url = http://www.atlanticcityweekly.com/news_and_views/vanessa-on-valentine-s-day/article_f05e75df-87ee-5ade-96b3-d63d66e03ace.html
|title = Vanessa on Valentine's Day:The most successful Miss America in the entertainment world, Vanessa Williams brings her love of the stage to Caesars on Feb. 14.
|access-date = March 25, 2016
|last = Spatz
|first = David
|date = February 12, 2014
|publisher = Atlantic City Weekly
|url-status = live
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160327084110/http://www.atlanticcityweekly.com/news_and_views/vanessa-on-valentine-s-day/article_f05e75df-87ee-5ade-96b3-d63d66e03ace.html
|archive-date = March 27, 2016
}}</ref> Congresswoman [[Grace Meng]] additionally linked Davuluri's experience to the [[Antisemitism in the United States|antisemitism]] that [[American Jews|Jewish American]] [[Bess Myerson]] faced as [[Miss America 1945]].<ref name=dna>{{cite news
|url = http://www.dnaindia.com/world/1890130/report-nina-davuluri-s-win-similar-to-bess-myerson-s-us-lawmaker
|title = Nina Davuluri's win similar to Bess Myerson's: US lawmaker
|access-date = March 25, 2016
|last = Jha
|first = Lalit K
|date = September 17, 2013
|newspaper = [[Daily News and Analysis]]
|url-status = live
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130927083740/http://www.dnaindia.com/world/1890130/report-nina-davuluri-s-win-similar-to-bess-myerson-s-us-lawmaker
|archive-date = September 27, 2013
}}</ref><ref name="americanexperiencetranscript">{{cite web
|url = https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/missamerica/filmmore/pt.html
|title = PBS American Experience: Miss America Transcript
|access-date = March 25, 2016
|date = 2002
|publisher = [[PBS]] [[American Experience]]
|url-status = dead
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160330135726/http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/missamerica/filmmore/pt.html
|archive-date = March 30, 2016
}}</ref> Many of the comments demanded to know why Davuluri was chosen over the soldier, [[Miss Kansas]] [[Theresa Vail]], misidentified her as Muslim or Arab (equating both terms to the word "terrorist"), or associated her with groups such as [[Al-Qaeda]].<ref name=twit>{{cite news
|url = http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/09/16/nina-davuluri-miss-america-religion_n_3934428.html#
|title = Nina Davuluri's Miss America 2014 Win Prompts Twitter Backlash Against Indians, Muslims
|access-date = March 25, 2016
|last = Hafiz
|first = Yasmine
|date = September 16, 2013
|work = [[Huffington Post]]
|url-status = live
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160321184315/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/09/16/nina-davuluri-miss-america-religion_n_3934428.html
|archive-date = March 21, 2016
}}</ref><ref name=atlantic>{{cite magazine
|url = http://www.theatlanticwire.com/entertainment/2013/09/first-indian-american-miss-america-has-racists-very-very-confused/69439/
|title = The First Indian-American Miss America Has Racists Very, Very Confused
|access-date = March 25, 2016
|last = Abad-Santos
|first = Alex
|date = September 16, 2013
|magazine = [[The Atlantic]]
|url-status = live
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20131117184110/http://www.theatlanticwire.com/entertainment/2013/09/first-indian-american-miss-america-has-racists-very-very-confused/69439/
|archive-date = November 17, 2013
}}</ref><ref name="lat1">{{cite news
|url = http://www.latimes.com/opinion/opinion-la/la-ol-new-miss-america-not-muslim-20130916,0,2872062.story
|title = The new Miss America is not Muslim – but so what if she were?
|access-date = March 25, 2016
|last = Le Tellier
|first = Alexandra
|date = September 16, 2013
|newspaper = [[Los Angeles Times]]
|url-status = live
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140408005345/http://www.latimes.com/opinion/opinion-la/la-ol-new-miss-america-not-muslim-20130916,0,2872062.story
|archive-date = April 8, 2014
}}</ref> They also noted [[Aftermath of the September 11 attacks#Backlash and hate crimes|the pageant date relative to the September 11 anniversary]], and generally expressed [[Anti-India sentiment|anti-Indian sentiments]] and [[Anti-Arabism|anti-Arab sentiments]].<ref name="buzz">{{cite web
|url = https://www.buzzfeed.com/ryanhatesthis/a-lot-of-people-are-very-upset-that-an-indian-american-woman
|title = A Lot Of People Are Very Upset That An Indian-American Woman Won The Miss America Pageant
|access-date = March 25, 2016
|last = Broderick
|first = Ryan
|date = September 16, 2013
|publisher = [[BuzzFeed]]
|url-status = live
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160328020942/http://www.buzzfeed.com/ryanhatesthis/a-lot-of-people-are-very-upset-that-an-indian-american-woman
|archive-date = March 28, 2016
}}</ref><ref name="jez">{{cite web
|url = http://jezebel.com/racists-being-hella-racist-because-miss-america-isnt-w-1323360259
|title = Racists Are Being Hella Racist Because Miss America Isn't White
|access-date = March 25, 2016
|last = Beck
|first = Laura
|date = September 16, 2013
|publisher = Jezebel
|url-status = live
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160409151635/http://jezebel.com/racists-being-hella-racist-because-miss-america-isnt-w-1323360259
|archive-date = April 9, 2016
}}</ref> Davuluri later said that she was prepared for the social-media response because she faced a similar situation a few months earlier when she was crowned Miss New York.<ref name="promotes">{{cite news
|url = http://www.pressofatlanticcity.com/news/press/atlantic_city/miss-america-promotes-cultural-dialogue-amid-racist-stereotypes/article_979e6e38-1859-5569-8551-78198af53ab1.html
|title = Miss America promotes cultural dialogue amid racist stereotypes
|access-date = March 25, 2016
|last = Khemlani
|first = Anjalee
|date = November 16, 2013
|newspaper = [[The Press of Atlantic City]]
|url-status = live
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160304071938/http://www.pressofatlanticcity.com/news/press/atlantic_city/miss-america-promotes-cultural-dialogue-amid-racist-stereotypes/article_979e6e38-1859-5569-8551-78198af53ab1.html
|archive-date = March 4, 2016
}}</ref><ref name=WIBXinter>{{cite news|last=Keeler in the Morning|title=[AUDIO] Miss America on Keeler in the Morning|url=http://wibx950.com/audio-miss-america-on-keeler-in-the-morning/|access-date=October 2, 2013|agency=[[WIBX]]950 AM|date=October 2, 2013|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131004213639/http://wibx950.com/audio-miss-america-on-keeler-in-the-morning/|archive-date=October 4, 2013}}</ref>

Some responded to the backlash in a show of solidarity with Davuluri. Students at [[Duke University]], and with [[Yale University]]'s Asian American Cultural Center and the South Asian Society, created videos and ran photo campaigns denouncing the social media attacks, while [[Miss Kansas]] [[Theresa Vail]] blogged and gave interviews to discredit the comments about both herself and Davuluri.<ref name="bnsept">{{cite web
|url = https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ewqFlg4h-oc
|title = Miss America 2014: How I Survived the Hate
|access-date = March 25, 2016
|date = September 20, 2013
|publisher = [[Bloomberg News]]
|url-status = live
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160310115541/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ewqFlg4h-oc
|archive-date = March 10, 2016
}}</ref><ref>{{cite web
|url = http://news.yale.edu/2014/02/07/miss-america-speaks-about-cultural-competency
|title = Miss America speaks about cultural competency
|access-date = March 25, 2016
|date = February 7, 2014
|publisher = Yale News of [[Yale University]]
|url-status = live
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160304141730/http://news.yale.edu/2014/02/07/miss-america-speaks-about-cultural-competency
|archive-date = March 4, 2016
}}</ref><ref name="Vailblogpost">{{cite news|last=Vail|first=Theresa|title=Theresa's September Blog|url=http://www.misskansas.org/42-blogs/miss-kansas-2013-blog/273-theresa-s-september-blog.html|access-date=March 25, 2016|agency=[[Miss Kansas]]|date=September 2013|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160314200433/http://misskansas.org/42-blogs/miss-kansas-2013-blog/273-theresa-s-september-blog.html|archive-date=March 14, 2016}}</ref><ref name="story">{{cite news|last=Brady|first=Dani|title=The story behind the crown: an interview with Miss Kansas 2013|url=http://www.kansan.com/features/the-story-behind-the-crown-an-interview-with-miss-kansas/article_8a2bf7f1-b3cf-5a61-b13b-ef19a2aae8c9.html|access-date=March 25, 2016|agency=[[University Daily Kansan]]|date=September 29, 2013|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304055628/http://www.kansan.com/features/the-story-behind-the-crown-an-interview-with-miss-kansas/article_8a2bf7f1-b3cf-5a61-b13b-ef19a2aae8c9.html|archive-date=March 4, 2016}}</ref> Actor and civil-rights activist [[George Takei]] (the original [[Hikaru Sulu]] in ''[[Star Trek: The Original Series|Star Trek]]'') posted a comment on Facebook stating that while he normally doesn't "care about Miss America ... the uproar over an Indian-American winning (whom many decried for being 'Arab') has me shaking my head. Please tell me I'm not alone in wondering whether we've learned anything at all."<ref name="face">{{cite web
|url = https://www.facebook.com/georgehtakei/posts/750997274929728
|title = George Takei's Facebook Page
|access-date = March 25, 2016
|last = Takei
|first = George
|date = September 16, 2013
|publisher = [[Facebook]]
|url-status = live
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160106031226/https://www.facebook.com/georgehtakei/posts/750997274929728
|archive-date = January 6, 2016
}}</ref><ref name="exam">{{cite news
|url = http://www.sfexaminer.com/sanfrancisco/racism-reigns-after-indian-woman-crowned-miss-america/Content?oid=2579654
|title = Racism reigns after Indian woman crowned Miss America
|access-date = March 25, 2016
|last = St. Clair
|first = Katy
|date = September 17, 2013
|newspaper = [[The San Francisco Examiner]]
|url-status = live
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20131018010404/http://www.sfexaminer.com/sanfrancisco/racism-reigns-after-indian-woman-crowned-miss-america/Content?oid=2579654
|archive-date = October 18, 2013
}}</ref> University of Michigan student Munmun Khan also stated that while she doesn't like beauty pageants, she hates "racism and bigotry even more ... Not only was [Davuluri] the first Indian Miss New York, but she is now also the first Indian Miss America. All cause for celebration." Finally, Immediate Past President, ''[[Young Democrats of America]]'', Atima Omara, argued that "a sexist, racist, xenophobic attack against one prominent woman of color is an attack against us all, and it shouldn't be tolerated just because we disdain that woman's choices. As an African-American woman with an ethnic name, I know the constant sting that comes from hearing how you are not American enough no matter how much you accomplish in the name of America."<ref name="hp2">{{cite news
|url = http://www.huffingtonpost.com/munmun-khan/missamerica-as-unamerican_b_3943217.html
|title = #MissAmerica As Un-American
|access-date = March 25, 2016
|last = Khan
|first = Munmum
|date = September 17, 2013
|work = [[Huffington Post]]
|url-status = live
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20151226090827/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/munmun-khan/missamerica-as-unamerican_b_3943217.html
|archive-date = December 26, 2015
}}</ref><ref name="solidarity">{{cite news|url = http://www.huffingtonpost.com/atima-omaraalwala/solidarity-for-women-of-color-in-the-public-eye_b_3997912.html|title = Solidarity for Women of Color in the Public Eye|access-date = March 25, 2016|last = Omara|first = Atima|date = September 17, 2013|work = [[Huffington Post]]|url-status = live|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160409005311/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/atima-omaraalwala/solidarity-for-women-of-color-in-the-public-eye_b_3997912.html|archive-date = April 9, 2016}}</ref>

{{quote box
| width = 30%
| align = right
| quote = Here, in America, we have this billion-dollar industry that is [[Sunless tanning|tanning salons and products]], and abroad in many Asian countries, we have our own billion-dollar industry of [[Skin whitening|fairness creams and bleaching products]] ... I think it's this idea of wanting what you don't have. I think when I learned about ... all the blog posts and commentary highlighting this aspect of "She never would have won Miss India if she were competing there", my reaction to that is "Well, I never wanted to be Miss India" ... when I was growing up, I heard people in India say, 'You would be so much more beautiful if you were fairer". But I've been able to take on this role and say, "You know what? I'm proud".<ref name=faceoffuture/>
| source = — Nina Davuluri
}}

An editorial by the staff of ''[[The Hindu]]'' highlighted a different narrative in India and the [[Non-resident Indian and person of Indian origin|Indian diaspora]] regarding her win and [[colorism]]. The editorial suggested that rather than hold a pageant title in India, "the dark complexioned 24-year-old [Davuluri] would not have stood a chance ... had she been in India, far from entering a beauty contest, it is more likely that Ms Davuluri would have grown up hearing mostly disparaging remarks about the colour of her skin; she would have been — going by the storyline of most "fairness" cream advertisements — a person with low self-esteem and few friends."<ref name="pigment">{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/opinion/editorial/pigment-of-our-imagination/article5142670.ece|title=Pigment of our imagination|access-date =March 25, 2016|date=September 19, 2013|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140317073815/http://www.thehindu.com/opinion/editorial/pigment-of-our-imagination/article5142670.ece
|archive-date = March 17, 2014}}</ref> [[Yale Law School]] Dean [[Asha Rangappa]] echoed these sentiments when she stated that "Davuluri is following in the footsteps of other darker-skinned Indian women who have been recognized in America for their talent and beauty, like [[The Office (U.S. TV series)|''The Office'']]'s [[Mindy Kaling]] or [[ER (TV series)|''ER'']]'s [[Parminder Nagra]] — women who'd never get a second glance in India."<ref name="myth">{{cite news |url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/asha-rangappa/miss-america-and-the-indian-beauty-myth_b_3941524.html |title=Miss America and the Indian Beauty Myth |access-date = March 25, 2016 |last = Rangappa|first =Asha|date=September 17, 2013|work=[[HuffPost]]|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305062134/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/asha-rangappa/miss-america-and-the-indian-beauty-myth_b_3941524.html|archive-date = March 5, 2016
}}</ref> Similar remarks appeared in social media and in numerous editorials.<ref name="buzz2">{{cite news|last=Jha|first=Rega|title=Is Miss America Too Dark-Skinned To Ever Be Crowned Miss India?|url=https://www.buzzfeed.com/regajha/is-miss-america-too-dark-skinned-to-ever-be-crowned-miss-ind|access-date=March 25, 2016|agency=BuzzFeed|date=September 17, 2013|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160321120043/http://www.buzzfeed.com/regajha/is-miss-america-too-dark-skinned-to-ever-be-crowned-miss-ind|archive-date=March 21, 2016}}</ref><ref name="rao">{{cite news|last=Rao|first=Mallika|title=Why Miss America, Nina Davuluri, Would Never Win Pageants In South Asia'|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/09/16/miss-america-nina-skin-color_n_3935348.html?ir=Women|access-date=September 17, 2013|newspaper=[[The Huffington Post]]|date=September 16, 2013|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130917074046/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/09/16/miss-america-nina-skin-color_n_3935348.html?ir=Women|archive-date=September 17, 2013}}</ref><ref name="crim">{{cite news|url=http://www.thecrimson.com/article/2013/10/24/a-darker-side-of-beauty/|title= A Darker Side of Beauty|access-date = March 25, 2016|last=Saraf|first=Avinash|date=October 24, 2013|newspaper=[[The Harvard Crimson]]|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160327042516/http://www.thecrimson.com/article/2013/10/24/a-darker-side-of-beauty/|archive-date = March 27, 2016}}</ref><ref name="need">{{cite magazine|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/ruchikatulshyan/2013/09/16/why-we-need-an-indian-miss-america/#2f550807f20a|title=Why We Need An Indian Miss America|access-date = March 25, 2016|last=Tulshyan|first=Ruchika|date=September 16, 2013|magazine=[[Forbes]]|url-status=live
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160327163826/http://www.forbes.com/sites/ruchikatulshyan/2013/09/16/why-we-need-an-indian-miss-america/#2f550807f20a
|archive-date = March 27, 2016}}</ref><ref name="huff1">{{cite news|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/riddhi-shah/celebrating-the-new-miss-america_b_3932838.html|title =I'm Celebrating the New Miss America ... And It's Not Why You Think|access-date=March 25, 2016|last=Shah|first=Riddi|date=September 16, 2013|work=[[HuffPost]]|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160307025446/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/riddhi-shah/celebrating-the-new-miss-america_b_3932838.html
|archive-date = March 7, 2016}}</ref> Davuluri also discussed the subject with reporters in the American media, stating that she was interested in becoming involved in the "Dark is Beautiful" campaign.<ref name="wp0922">{{cite news |url= https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/style/miss-america-fights-post-pageant-racism-with-a-beauty-queens-poise/2013/09/22/a90590ac-22f8-11e3-966c-9c4293c47ebe_print.html|title=Miss America fights post-pageant racism with a beauty queen's poise
|access-date=March 25, 2016|last=Judkis|first=Maura|date=September 22, 2013|newspaper=[[The Wall Street Journal]]|url-status=live
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160311211618/https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/style/miss-america-fights-post-pageant-racism-with-a-beauty-queens-poise/2013/09/22/a90590ac-22f8-11e3-966c-9c4293c47ebe_print.html|archive-date=March 11, 2016}}</ref><ref name="npr0918two">{{cite news|last=Martin|first=Michael|title=What Does 'American' Beauty Look Like?|url=https://www.npr.org/2013/09/18/223734958/what-does-american-beauty-look-like|access-date=October 5, 2013|agency=[[NPR]]|date=September 18, 2013|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131003023140/http://www.npr.org/2013/09/18/223734958/what-does-american-beauty-look-like|archive-date=October 3, 2013}}</ref>

===Platform===
During her year as Miss America, Davuluri promoted her platform "Celebrating Diversity Through Cultural Competency" and [[STEM fields|STEM]] (science, technology, engineering and mathematics) education to high-school and college students.<ref name=stem>{{cite news|title=Miss America visits Atlantic City H.S. to discuss STEM education, diversity|url=http://www.pressofatlanticcity.com/communities/atlantic-city_pleasantville_brigantine/miss-america-visits-atlantic-city-h-s-to-discuss-stem/article_1bce60bf-2e89-5f10-9281-a018b45c548f.html|newspaper=Press of Atlantic City|date=January 15, 2014|access-date=March 25, 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304053043/http://www.pressofatlanticcity.com/communities/atlantic-city_pleasantville_brigantine/miss-america-visits-atlantic-city-h-s-to-discuss-stem/article_1bce60bf-2e89-5f10-9281-a018b45c548f.html|archive-date=March 4, 2016}}</ref> She elaborated on her platform in a Yale University talk as one using social media as a form of [[activism]].<ref name=yale2>{{cite news|last=James|first=Lorraine|title=JAMES: Miss America's wisdom|url=http://yaledailynews.com/blog/2014/02/10/james-miss-americas-wisdom/|newspaper=[[Yale Daily News]]|date=Feb 10, 2014|access-date=March 25, 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304114859/http://yaledailynews.com/blog/2014/02/10/james-miss-americas-wisdom/|archive-date=March 4, 2016}}</ref><ref name=yale/><ref name=ydnvid>{{cite news
|url = https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CsxOyeV7SPY
|title = Everybody Has a Story with 2014 Miss America Nina Davuluri
|access-date = March 5, 2015
|last = Pomeranz
|first = Cody
|date = February 8, 2014
|newspaper = [[Yale Daily News]]
|url-status = live
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150828080941/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CsxOyeV7SPY
|archive-date = August 28, 2015
}}</ref> Describing it as "Circles of Unity", she encouraged students to view social media as a tool to spread cultural awareness and combat ignorance.<ref name=yale>{{cite news|last=Dixon|first=Blake|title=Miss America talks cultural awareness|url=http://yaledailynews.com/blog/2014/02/05/miss-america-talks-cultural-awareness|newspaper=[[Yale Daily News]]|date=February 5, 2014|access-date=March 25, 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160314084532/http://yaledailynews.com/blog/2014/02/05/miss-america-talks-cultural-awareness/|archive-date=March 14, 2016}}</ref><ref name=van>{{cite news
|last = Harris
|first = Aleesha
|title = Miss America Nina Davuluri talks style, heritage and facing off against discrimination
|url = https://vancouversun.com/life/Miss+America+Nina+Davuluri+talks+style+heritage+facing+against+discrimination/9097695/story.html
|newspaper = Vancouver Sun
|date = October 30, 2013
|access-date = March 25, 2016
|url-status = live
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160624141300/http://www.vancouversun.com/life/Miss+America+Nina+Davuluri+talks+style+heritage+facing+against+discrimination/9097695/story.html
|archive-date = June 24, 2016
}}</ref>

During Davuluri's visit to [[Central York High School]] in [[Pennsylvania]], 18-year-old Patrick Farves was suspended for inviting her to his 2014 [[prom]] during a question-and-answer session.<ref name="syr" /><ref name="today">{{cite web|title=Miss America defends student suspended for asking her to prom|date=April 20, 2014 |url=http://www.today.com/style/miss-america-defends-student-suspended-asking-her-prom-1D79552132|publisher=Today|access-date=April 20, 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140420215524/http://www.today.com/style/miss-america-defends-student-suspended-asking-her-prom-1D79552132|archive-date=April 20, 2014}}</ref> Although she requested that the suspension be lifted in a Facebook post, school administrators said that they must maintain standards for student behavior.<ref name="syr">{{cite web|title=Miss America Nina Davuluri asks school to reconsider suspension of student who asked her to prom|date=April 20, 2014 |url=http://www.syracuse.com/news/index.ssf/2014/04/miss_america_prom_suspension_statement_reconsider.html|publisher=Syracuse.com|access-date=April 22, 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140422232802/http://www.syracuse.com/news/index.ssf/2014/04/miss_america_prom_suspension_statement_reconsider.html|archive-date=April 22, 2014}}</ref><ref name="today" /> Farves later stated that he regretted the joke as it overshadowed her platform.<ref name="today" />

She also met with [[Presidency of Barack Obama|President]] [[Barack Obama]] for the [[Children's Miracle Network Hospitals|Children's Miracle Network Hospital Champions]] at the [[White House]].<ref name=vog>{{cite magazine
|url = http://www.vogue.co.uk/news/2013/11/05/nina-davuluri-challenging-the-miss-america-stereotypes
|title = Challenging The Miss America Stereotypes
|last = Milligan
|first = Lauren
|date = November 5, 2013
|magazine = Vogue
|url-status = live
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20131105145332/http://www.vogue.co.uk/news/2013/11/05/nina-davuluri-challenging-the-miss-america-stereotypes
|archive-date = November 5, 2013
}}</ref><ref name=2013pr>{{cite news|title=Miss America Nina Davuluri Meets Barack Obama at the White House for the Annual Children's Miracle Network Hospitals Celebration|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/world/report-miss-america-nina-davuluri-meets-barack-obama-at-white-house-1904502|newspaper=DNA|date=October 16, 2013}}</ref><ref name=wh>{{cite news|title=Here's What You Missed During the Shutdown:Welcoming Miss America|url=https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/blog/2013/10/18/heres-what-you-missed-during-shutdown|date=October 18, 2013|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170129215501/https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/blog/2013/10/18/heres-what-you-missed-during-shutdown|via=[[NARA|National Archives]]|work=[[whitehouse.gov]]|archive-date=January 29, 2017}}</ref>

{{quote box
| width = 30%
| align = right
| quote = Last Tuesday, the first Indian Miss America, Nina Davuluri, came to speak at [[Yale University]]. She is also the first Miss America to receive xenophobic comments about being a terrorist or Muslim extremist. In addition to being all-around well spoken, graceful and sassy, she thoughtfully explained her platform of cultural competence and stressed that patiently answering people's questions is one of the strongest ways to combat ignorance ... Responding to offensive questions with tolerance and patience might be more effective than harsh words. As we can see from Davuluri's response to her critics, tolerance begets tolerance.
| source = — Yale University junior Lorraine James in February 2014<ref name=yale2/><ref name=missA>{{cite web
|url = http://www.atlanticcityweekly.com/arts_and_entertainment/miss-a/article_c092c3fb-fe42-575e-96b0-0589e65a1af5.html
|title = Miss A!: As She Prepares To Hand Over The Crown, Nina Davuluri Looks Back On Her Year As The First Indian-American Miss America
|access-date = March 25, 2016
|last = Hoffman
|first = Nina
|date = September 10, 2014
|publisher = [[Atlantic City Weekly]]
|url-status = live
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160328164145/http://www.atlanticcityweekly.com/arts_and_entertainment/miss-a/article_c092c3fb-fe42-575e-96b0-0589e65a1af5.html
|archive-date = March 28, 2016
}}</ref>
}}

== {{anchor|Speaker and advocate}}Speaker and advocate ==
[[File:Nina Davuluri speaks to Society of Asian Scientists and Engineers students in 2014 (cropped).jpg|thumb|Davuluri speaks to students of the Society of Asian Scientists and Engineers in Philadelphia on October 17, 2014.|left]]
Since completing her year as Miss America in September 2014, Davuluri has worked as a public speaker and advocate for diversity, gender equality, and the promotion of STEM education. In this capacity, she has spoken in both political and diplomatic venues. In September 2014, she shared the stage with PBS' ''NewsHour Weekend'' anchor [[Hari Sreenivasan]] as hosts for a [[Madison Square Garden]] talk by [[Prime Minister of India|Indian Prime Minister]] [[Narendra Modi]].<ref name=wpmodi>{{cite news
|url = https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/asia_pacific/indias-modi-begins-rock-star-like-us-tour/2014/09/26/eeabe78b-9327-4643-a131-33ab5c59174a_story.html
|title = India's Modi begins rock star-like U.S. tour
|access-date = March 25, 2016
|last = Gowen
|first = Annie
|date = September 26, 2014
|newspaper = [[Washington Post]]
|url-status = live
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160310063418/https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/asia_pacific/indias-modi-begins-rock-star-like-us-tour/2014/09/26/eeabe78b-9327-4643-a131-33ab5c59174a_story.html
|archive-date = March 10, 2016
}}</ref><ref name=gmodi>{{cite news
|url = https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/sep/28/narendra-modi-india-new-york-prime-minister
|title = US turns on charm as Narendra Modi roadshow rolls into New York
|access-date = March 25, 2016
|last = Burke
|first = Jason
|date = September 28, 2014
|newspaper = [[The Guardian]]
|url-status = live
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160304092032/http://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/sep/28/narendra-modi-india-new-york-prime-minister
|archive-date = March 4, 2016
}}</ref><ref name=nytmodi>{{cite news
|url = https://www.nytimes.com/2014/09/28/world/asia/narendra-modi-madison-square-garden-united-states-indian-diaspora.html?_r=0
|title = Indian Leader Narendra Modi, Once Unwelcome in U.S., Gets Rock Star Reception
|access-date = March 25, 2016
|last = Sinha
|first = Shreeya
|date = September 27, 2014
|newspaper = [[The New York Times]]
|url-status = live
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150622202205/http://www.nytimes.com/2014/09/28/world/asia/narendra-modi-madison-square-garden-united-states-indian-diaspora.html?_r=0
|archive-date = June 22, 2015
}}</ref><ref name=csmmodi>{{cite news
|url = https://www.csmonitor.com/World/Latest-News-Wires/2014/0928/India-s-Modi-takes-Madison-Square-Garden-video
|title = India's Modi takes Madison Square Garden (+video)
|access-date = March 25, 2016
|last = Pennington
|first = Mathew
|date = September 28, 2014
|newspaper = [[Christian Science Monitor]]
|url-status = live
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160303223617/http://www.csmonitor.com/World/Latest-News-Wires/2014/0928/India-s-Modi-takes-Madison-Square-Garden-video
|archive-date = March 3, 2016
}}</ref> She also participated in the 2015 [[Global Entrepreneurship Summit]] Youth and Women Day in [[Nairobi]] in July 2015.<ref name=prsum>{{cite web
|url = http://www.ges2015.org/press-releases/2015/7/23/press-release
|title = Press Release: 2015 Global Entrepreneurship Summit Youth and Women Day
|access-date = July 23, 2015
|date = July 23, 2015
|publisher = [[Global Entrepreneurship Program|2015 Global Entrepreneurship Summit Youth and Women Day]]
|url-status = live
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150724082023/http://www.ges2015.org/press-releases/2015/7/23/press-release
|archive-date = July 24, 2015
}}</ref><ref name="homesum">{{cite web
|url = http://www.ges2015.org/
|title = 2015 Global Entrepreneurship Summit Youth and Women Day
|access-date = July 23, 2015
|date = July 23, 2015
|publisher = [[Global Entrepreneurship Program|2015 Global Entrepreneurship Summit Youth and Women Day]]
|url-status = live
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150726033400/http://www.ges2015.org/
|archive-date = July 26, 2015
}}</ref> About a year later, Davuluri traveled to [[Mumbai]], [[Hyderabad]], and [[Vijayawada]] as part of an official March 2016 tour for the [[United States Department of State|U.S. State Department]] to discuss women's education.<ref name="travel16">{{cite news
|url = https://www.deccanchronicle.com/lifestyle/fashion-and-beauty/090316/voice-of-two-countries.html
|title = Voice of two countries
|access-date = March 18, 2016
|last = G Sunder
|first = Raj
|date = March 9, 2016
|newspaper = [[Deccan Chronicle]]
|url-status = live
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160318151819/http://deccanchronicle.com/lifestyle/fashion-and-beauty/090316/voice-of-two-countries.html
|archive-date = March 18, 2016
}}</ref> Part of this tour focused on events connected with [[International Women's Day]] (including a talk for the [[Asia Society]]).<ref name=skindeep>{{cite web
|url=http://us7.campaign-archive1.com/?u=570c45cf11ea4d3a5a37cf2a5&id=e381f38b47
|title=Not Just Skin Deep
|access-date=March 19, 2016
|publisher=[[Asia Society]]
}}</ref><ref name=iwdhindu>{{cite news
|url = http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Vijayawada/equality-is-a-rights-issue-says-nina-davuluri/article8334394.ece
|title = Equality is a rights issue, says Nina Davuluri
|access-date = March 18, 2016
|date = March 10, 2016
|newspaper = [[The Hindu]]
|url-status = live
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160311235523/http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Vijayawada/equality-is-a-rights-issue-says-nina-davuluri/article8334394.ece
|archive-date = March 11, 2016
}}</ref>

Davuluri continues to speak on the subjects of diversity and STEM at college campuses. In an October 2014 [[East Carolina University]] talk, she discussed the harassment she faced during her childhood."<ref name="ecu">{{cite web
|url = http://www.ecu.edu/news/missam2014.cfm
|title = EVERYONE HAS A STORY': Former Miss America brings diversity message to campus
|access-date = March 25, 2016
|last = Haskin
|first = Grace
|date = October 23, 2014
|publisher = [[East Carolina University]]
|url-status = live
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150924005012/http://www.ecu.edu/news/missam2014.cfm
|archive-date = September 24, 2015
}}</ref> The following month, she spoke on women in STEM at [[Northeastern University]].<ref name="ne">{{cite web
|url = http://www.northeastern.edu/news/multimedia-items/miss-america-visits-northeastern
|title = Miss America visits Northeastern
|access-date = March 25, 2016
|last = Northeastern News
|date = November 5, 2014
|publisher = [[Northeastern University]]
|url-status = live
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160305084956/http://www.northeastern.edu/news/multimedia-items/miss-america-visits-northeastern/
|archive-date = March 5, 2016
}}</ref> In March 2015, she spoke at [[Harvard University|Harvard]]'s "Side by Side" gender-equality campaign.<ref name=sbs>{{cite news
|url = http://www.thecrimson.com/article/2015/3/3/undergraduate-council-gender-equality/
|title = UC Launches 'Side by Side' Gender Equality Campaign
|access-date = March 25, 2016
|last = Linek
|first = Piotr
|date = March 3, 2015
|newspaper = [[The Harvard Crimson]]
|url-status = live
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160303233216/http://www.thecrimson.com/article/2015/3/3/undergraduate-council-gender-equality/
|archive-date = March 3, 2016
}}</ref><ref name=sbs2>{{cite web
|url = http://bgltq.fas.harvard.edu/event/side-side-gender-solidarity-movement
|title = Side by Side: A Gender Solidarity Movement
|access-date = March 25, 2016
|date = 2015
|publisher = [[Harvard University]]
|url-status = dead
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160327115859/http://bgltq.fas.harvard.edu/event/side-side-gender-solidarity-movement
|archive-date = March 27, 2016
}}</ref> Later in the same month, she discussed the subject of diversity at [[Princeton University|Princeton]].<ref name=princeton1>{{cite news
|url = http://dailyprincetonian.com/news/2015/03/miss-america-2014-discusses-personal-journey-cultural-standards/
|title = Miss America 2014 discusses personal journey, cultural standards
|access-date = March 25, 2016
|last = Sekhsaria
|first = Shriya
|date = March 31, 2015
|newspaper = [[The Daily Princetonian]]
|url-status = live
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160318113426/http://dailyprincetonian.com/news/2015/03/miss-america-2014-discusses-personal-journey-cultural-standards/
|archive-date = March 18, 2016
}}</ref><ref name=princeton2>{{cite news
|url = http://dailyprincetonian.com/news/2015/03/qa-miss-america-2014-nina-davaluri/
|title = Q&A: Miss America 2014 Nina Davuluri
|access-date = March 25, 2016
|last = Sekhsaria
|first = Shriya
|date = March 31, 2015
|newspaper = [[The Daily Princetonian]]
|url-status = live
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160318095045/http://dailyprincetonian.com/news/2015/03/qa-miss-america-2014-nina-davaluri/
|archive-date = March 18, 2016
}}</ref>

=={{anchor|Awards and board positions}}Other accolades==
* ''India Abroad'' Face of the Future Award 2014: ''[[India Abroad]],'' June 19, 2015, M69-M82.<ref name=faceoffuture>{{cite news
|url = http://www.indiaabroad-digital.com/indiaabroad/20150619#pg69
|title = There She is, the New Miss America
|access-date = March 25, 2016
|last = Babu
|first = Chaya
|date = June 19, 2015
|newspaper = [[India Abroad]]
|url-status = live
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160113161940/http://www.indiaabroad-digital.com/indiaabroad/20150619#pg69
|archive-date = January 13, 2016
}}</ref>
* Elected trustee to the Miss America Foundation Board in February 2015 (the first Miss America elected to the board).<ref name=faceoffuture/><ref name="maotrus">{{cite web
|url=http://www.missamerica.org/news/press-releases.aspx?id=834
|title=Two Elected to Miss America Foundation Board of Trustees
|access-date=March 25, 2016
|date=February 27, 2015
|publisher=Miss America Organization
|url-status=dead
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160325091648/http://www.missamerica.org/news/press-releases.aspx?id=834
|archive-date=March 25, 2016
}}</ref>
* In August 2014 fashion designer Tony Bowls announced that he designed a shoe, "The Nina," in her honor.<ref name=bowlsshoe>{{cite web
|url = https://www.prweb.com/releases/miss_america_gets_a_shoe_named_after_her/prweb12092950.htm
|title = Miss America Gets a Shoe Named After Her
|access-date = March 26, 2016
|date = August 19, 2014
|publisher = [[PRWeb]]
|url-status = live
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160329101547/http://www.prweb.com/releases/2014/08/prweb12092950.htm
|archive-date = March 29, 2016
}}</ref><ref name=named>{{cite web
|url=https://www.facebook.com/tonybowls/photos/pb.90796589456.-2207520000.1456947310./10152388032044457/?type=3&theater
|title=Tony Bowls
|access-date=March 26, 2016
|last=Bowls
|first=Tony
|website=[[Facebook]]
|date=August 1, 2014
}}</ref>

==Further reading==
* Vanita. ''Fashioning Diaspora: Beauty, Femininity, and South Asian American Culture (Asian American History & Culture)''. [[Temple University]] Press, 2016.

==See also==
{{portal|New York City|New York (state)|United States|India}}
* [[Indians in the New York City metropolitan area]]

==References==
{{reflist|3}}
{{reflist|group=note}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
* {{Official website|http://ninadavuluri.com/}}
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1Rg4G7rHkKw Nina Davuluri: A Poem For Earthy Skinned Women ("Not Fair, Just Lovely")] – [[ScoopWhoop]], March 9, 2016.

===Miss America and Miss New York===
* [http://today.duke.edu/2013/09/standwithnina-duke-stands-miss-america#video #StandWithNina: Duke Stands with Miss America] – [[Duke University]], September 18, 2013.
* [https://newsfeed.time.com/2013/09/19/miss-america-is-too-dark-to-be-miss-india/ India's Disturbing Obsession with Fair Skin] – ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'', September 19, 2013.
* "[https://abcnews.go.com/Entertainment/video/defending-miss-america-racial-comments-george-takei-meets-20296663 After Defending Miss America From Racial Comments, George Takei Meets Nina Davuluri For First Time]" – [[ABC News (United States)|ABC News]], September 17, 2013 ([[George Takei]], ''[[Star Trek: The Original Series|Star Trek]]'''s [[Hikaru Sulu|Sulu]]).
* [[George Stephanopoulos]]." [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sbAW-iIxe1M&list=PLfR3JsjKzC8TmyxFsKYBfaXw1afB-ta0A Groundbreaking Miss America Winner Miss New York Takes Home Pageant Crown]" – ''[[ABC News (United States)|ABC News]]'', September 16, 2013.
* Lakshmi Gandhi. "[http://theaerogram.com/choreographer-nakul-dev-mahajan-tells-us-how-miss-americas-bollywood-fusion-dance-came-to-be/ Miss America's Choreographer Nakul Dev Mahajan Tells Us How That ‘Bollywood Fusion’ Dance Came to Be]" – ''The Aerogram,'' September 20, 2013 (Talent performance to "[[Om Shanti Om#Music|Dhoom Taana]]," from ''[[Om Shanti Om]]'').
* "[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rUFnBV4urTsMiss America 2014 Nina Davuluri's Crowning Moment]." [[Miss America]] Organization, September 15, 2013.
* "[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SHJOWvBpZ3E Vote for Miss New York 2013 Nina Davuluri]." [[Miss America]] Organization, August 15, 2013.

{{s-start}}
{{s-ach}}
{{succession box
| before=[[Mallory Hagan]]
| title=[[Miss America]]
| years=[[Miss America 2014|2014]]
| after= [[Kira Kazantsev]]
}}
{{succession box
| before=Shannon Oliver
| title=[[Miss New York]]
| years=2013
| after=Amanda Mason
}}
{{succession box
| before=Ashley Noelle Loader
| title=[[Miss Michigan's Outstanding Teen]]
| years=2006
| after=Madelynne Wagner
}}
{{s-end}}

{{MissAmericas 2000–2019}}
{{Miss America}}
{{Miss America 2014 Delegates}}
{{New York pageant winners}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Davuluri, Nina}}
[[Category:1989 births]]
[[Category:American people of Telugu descent]]
[[Category:American female models]]
[[Category:American female models of Indian descent]]
[[Category:History of racism in the United States]]
[[Category:Indian-American history]]
[[Category:Le Moyne College alumni]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Miss America winners]]
[[Category:Miss New York winners]]
[[Category:Miss America 2014 delegates]]
[[Category:People from Fayetteville, New York]]
[[Category:Television personalities from Syracuse, New York]]
[[Category:University of Michigan alumni]]

Nabarangpur Lok Sabha constituency

2026-03-30T11:41:46Z

YukikoTousignant: Adding Basic Info First Draft

{{Short description|Lok Sabha constituency in Odisha}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2021}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| type = LS
| name = Nabarangpur (ST) {{Small|OD-12}}
| map_image = {{Maplink|frame=yes|plain=y|frame-width=300|frame-height=300|frame-align=center|type=shape|from=Lok Sabha constituencies/2019/Odisha/Nabarangpur.map}}
| map_caption = Interactive Map Outlining Nabarangpur Lok Sabha constituency
| state = [[Odisha]]
| established = 1952
| reservation = ST
| electors = 15,14,610{{efn|as on 2024}}{{efn|as data published by election commission}}
| incumbent_image = Balabhadra Majhi MP 2024.jpg
| mp = [[Balabhadra Majhi]]
| party = {{flagicon image|BJP flag.svg}}[[BJP]]
| latest_election_year = [[2024 Indian general elections|2024]]
| assembly_cons = [[Umerkote Assembly constituency|Umerkote]] [[Jharigam Assembly constituency|Jharigam]] [[Nabarangpur Assembly constituency|Nabarangpur]] [[Dabugam Assembly constituency|Dabugam]] [[Kotpad Assembly constituency|Kotpad]] [[Malkangiri Assembly constituency|Malkangiri]] [[Chitrakonda Assembly constituency|Chitrakonda]]
}}

'''Nabarangpur Lok Sabha constituency''' (formerly known as Nowrangpur Lok Sabha constituency) is one of the 21 [[Lok Sabha]] (parliamentary) constituencies in [[Odisha]] state in eastern [[India]]. It was one of the safe seat of [[Indian National Congress]] as [[Khagapati Pradhani]] represented this seat for a record 9 times from 1967 to 1998.

==Assembly Segments==

Before [[Electoral boundary delimitation|delimitation]] in 2008, the legislative assembly segments which constituted this parliamentary constituency were: [[Malkangiri Assembly constituency|Malkangiri]], [[Chitrakonda Assembly constituency|Chitrakonda]], [[Kotpad Assembly constituency|Kotpad]], [[Nabarangpur Assembly constituency|Nabarangpur]], Kodinga, [[Dabugam Assembly constituency|Dabugam]] and [[Umerkote Assembly constituency|Umerkote]].<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://archive.eci.gov.in/se2000/background/S18/Orissa_AC_Dist_PC.pdf
|title=Assembly Constituencies - Corresponding Districts and Parliamentary Constituencies of Orissa
|publisher=Election Commission of India
|accessdate=2008-09-20
|url-status=dead
|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20051108040424/http://archive.eci.gov.in/se2000/background/S18/Orissa_AC_Dist_PC.pdf
|archivedate=November 8, 2005
}}</ref>

Following delimitation, at present, this constituency comprises the following legislative assembly segments:
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!#
!Name
!District
!Member
! colspan="2" |Party
! colspan="2" |Leading
{{small|(in 2024)}}
|-
|73
|[[Umerkote Assembly constituency|Umerkote]] (ST)
| rowspan="4" |[[Nabarangpur district|Nabarangpur]]
|[[Nityananda Gond]]
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=3}}
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=3}}
|-
|74
|[[Jharigam Assembly constituency|Jharigam]] (ST)
|[[Narsing Bhatra]]
|-
|75
|[[Nabarangpur Assembly constituency|Nabarangpur]] (ST)
|[[Gouri Shankar Majhi]]
|-
|76
|[[Dabugam Assembly constituency|Dabugam]] (ST)
|[[Manohar Randhari]]
|{{party name with color|Biju Janata Dal}}
|{{party name with color|Biju Janata Dal}}
|-
|142
|[[Kotpad Assembly constituency|Kotpad]] (ST)
|[[Koraput district|Koraput]]
|[[Rupu Bhatra]]
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=2}}
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=2}}
|-
|146
|[[Malkangiri Assembly constituency|Malkangiri]] (ST)
| rowspan="2" |[[Malkangiri district|Malkangiri]]
|[[Narasinga Madkami]]
|-
|147
|[[Chitrakonda Assembly constituency|Chitrakonda]] (ST)
|[[Mangu Khilla]]
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|}

==Elected members==

{{bar box
|float=right
|title= Vote share of winning candidates
|titlebar=#ddd
|width=300px
|barwidth=275px
|bars=
{{bar percent|2024|{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}|38.74}}
{{bar percent|2019|{{party color|Biju Janata Dal}}|33.78}}
{{bar percent|2014|{{party color|Biju Janata Dal}}|36.57}}
{{bar percent|2009|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|38.93}}
{{bar percent|2004|{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}|46.11}}
{{bar percent|1999|{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}|50.78}}
{{bar percent|1998|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|50.06}}
{{bar percent|1996|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|58.04}}
{{bar percent|1991|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|48.11}}
{{bar percent|1989|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|50.48}}
{{bar percent|1984|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|71.53}}
{{bar percent|1980|{{party color|Indian National Congress (I)}}|59.21}}
{{bar percent|1977|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|51.14}}
{{bar percent|1971|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|41.90}}
}}

Since its formation in 1952, 17 elections have been held till date.

List of elected members from Nabarangpur constituency are:<ref>{{cite web|title=Nabarangpur (ST) General (Lok Sabha) Election Result|url=http://www.mapsofindia.com/parliamentaryconstituencies/orissa/nabarangpur.htm|work=MapsofIndia|accessdate=26 March 2014}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
!Year
!Member
! colspan="2" |Party
|-
|[[1952 Indian general election|1952]]
|[[Ponnada Subba Rao]]
|{{full party name with color|Ganatantra Parishad}}
|-
| colspan="4"| {{center|''1957-1961 : Constituency did not exist''}}
|-
|[[1962 Indian general election|1962]]
|[[Jagannath Rao| R Jagannath Rao]]
|{{full party name with color|rowspan=4|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[1967 Indian general election|1967]]
|rowspan=9|[[Khagapati Pradhani]]
|-
|[[1971 Indian general election|1971]]
|-
|[[1977 Indian general election|1977]]
|-
|[[1980 Indian general election|1980]]
|{{full party name with color|Indian National Congress (I)|dab=yes}}
|-
|[[1984 Indian general election|1984]]
|{{full party name with color|rowspan=5|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[1989 Indian general election|1989]]
|-
|[[1991 Indian general election|1991]]
|-
|[[1996 Indian general election|1996]]
|-
|[[1998 Indian general election|1998]]
|-
|[[1999 Indian general election|1999]]
|rowspan=2|[[Parsuram Majhi]]
|{{full party name with color|rowspan=2|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|[[2004 Indian general election|2004]]
|-
|[[2009 Indian general election|2009]]<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=IndiaVotes PC: Nabarangpur 2009 |url=https://www.indiavotes.com/pc/www.indiavotes.com/pc/detailsearch?eid=15&pcname=Nabarangpur&submit= |access-date=2025-07-06 |website=IndiaVotes}}</ref>
|[[Pradeep Kumar Majhi]]
|{{full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[2014 Indian general election|2014]]<ref name=":1" />
|[[Balabhadra Majhi]]
|{{full party name with color|rowspan=2|Biju Janata Dal}}
|-
|[[2019 Indian general election|2019]]<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=IndiaVotes PC: Nabarangpur 2019 |url=https://www.indiavotes.com/pc/www.indiavotes.com/pc/detailsearch?eid=17&pcname=Nabarangpur&submit= |access-date=2025-07-06 |website=IndiaVotes}}</ref>
|[[Ramesh Chandra Majhi]]
|-
|[[2024 Indian general election|2024]]<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=Nabarangapur (ST) lok sabha election results 2024: Nabarangapur (ST) Winning Candidates List and Vote Share |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/lok-sabha/odisha/nabarangapur-st-constituency-result-18512 |access-date=2025-07-06 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref>
|[[Balabhadra Majhi]]
|{{full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|}

==Election results==

=== 2024 ===
Voting were held on 13th May 2024 in 4th phase of Indian General Election. Counting of votes was on 4th June 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |title=General Election to Legislative Assembly of Odisha 2024 |url=https://elections24.eci.gov.in/election-details-odisa.html |website=[[Election Commission of India|ECI]]}}</ref> In 2024 election, [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] candidate [[Balabhadra Majhi]] defeated [[Biju Janata Dal]] candidate [[Pradeep Kumar Majhi]] by a margin of 87,536 votes.<ref name=":3" />
{{Election box begin |
|title = [[2024 Indian general election]]: Nabarangpur}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = [[Balabhadra Majhi]]
|votes = 4,81,396
|percentage = 38.74
|change = {{up}}9.24
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Biju Janata Dal
|candidate = [[Pradeep Kumar Majhi]]
|votes = 3,93,860
|percentage = 31.70
|change = {{down}}2.08
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = [[Bhujabal Majhi]]
|votes = 3,03,392
|percentage = 24.42
|change = {{down}}5.78
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = None of the above
|candidate = None of the above
|votes = 43,268
|percentage = 3.48
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 87,536
|percentage = 7.04
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 12,50,175
|percentage = 82.54
|change = {{up}}3.02
}}
{{Election box gain with party link no swing|
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|loser = Biju Janata Dal
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2019 ===
In 2019 election, [[Biju Janata Dal]] candidate [[Ramesh Chandra Majhi]] defeated [[Indian National Congress]] candidate [[Pradeep Kumar Majhi]] by a margin of 41,634 votes.<ref name=":2" />

{{Election box begin|
|title = [[2019 Indian general elections]]: [[Nabarangpur]]<ref>{{cite news |title=Nabarangpur Lok Sabha constituency of Odisha: Full list of candidates, polling dates |url=https://zeenews.india.com/lok-sabha-general-elections-2019/nabarangpur-lok-sabha-constituency-of-odisha-full-list-of-candidates-polling-dates-2192228.html |accessdate=10 April 2019 |work=Zee News}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Lok Sabha Elections 2019 candidate list for Odisha |url=https://www.businessinsider.in/lok-sabha-elections-2019-candidate-list-for-odisha/articleshow/68686594.cms |accessdate=10 April 2019 |work=Business Insider India |archive-date=10 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190410080632/https://www.businessinsider.in/lok-sabha-elections-2019-candidate-list-for-odisha/articleshow/68686594.cms |url-status=dead }}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Biju Janata Dal
|candidate = [[Ramesh Chandra Majhi]]
|votes = 3,92,504
|percentage = 33.78
|change = {{decrease}}2.79
|Symbol =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = [[Pradeep Kumar Majhi]]
|votes = 3,50,870
|percentage = 30.20
|change = {{decrease}}6.17
|Symbol =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = [[Balabhadra Majhi]]
|votes = 3,42,839
|percentage = 29.50
|change = {{increase}}15.96
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = None of the above
|candidate = None of the above
|votes = 44,582
|percentage = 3.84
|change =
|Symbol =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Chandradhwaj Majhi
|votes = 28,905
|percentage = 2.49
|change =
|Symbol =
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 41,634
|percentage = 3.58
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 11,61,787
|percentage = 79.52
|change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link no swing|
|winner = Biju Janata Dal
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2014===
In 2014 election, [[Biju Janata Dal]] candidate [[Balabhadra Majhi]] defeated [[Indian National Congress]] candidate [[Pradeep Kumar Majhi]] by a margin of 2,042 votes.<ref name=":1">{{cite web |url=http://ibnlive.in.com/general-elections-2014/orissa/nabarangpur-results.html |title=Nabarangpur Constituency Election Results, Nabarangpur Lok Sabha Election Results - IBNLive |website=ibnlive.in.com |access-date=17 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140506094756/http://ibnlive.in.com/general-elections-2014/orissa/nabarangpur-results.html |archive-date=6 May 2014 |url-status=dead}}</ref> NOTA received 44,408 votes (5%) which is significantly higher than the victory margin.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://scroll.in/article/665255/NOTA-may-have-affected-outcome-in-19-constituencies|title = NOTA may have affected outcome in 19 constituencies}}</ref>

{{Election box begin |
|title = [[2014 Indian general elections]]: [[Nabarangpur]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Odisha - Nabarangpur|url=http://eciresults.nic.in/ConstituencywiseS1812.htm?ac=12|publisher=Election Commission of India|accessdate=25 May 2014}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Biju Janata Dal
|candidate = [[Balabhadra Majhi]]
|votes = 3,73,887
|percentage = 36.57
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = [[Pradeep Kumar Majhi]]
|votes = 3,71,845
|percentage = 36.37
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = [[Parsuram Majhi]]
|votes = 1,38,430
|percentage = 13.54
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = None of the above
|candidate = None of the above
|votes = 44,408
|percentage = 4.34
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Gopinath Jani
|votes = 31,707
|percentage = 3.10
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Odisha Janmorcha
|candidate = Arjun Bhatra
|votes = 24,832
|percentage = 2.42
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Aama Odisha Party
|candidate = Gopal Pujari
|votes = 18,675
|percentage = 1.82
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent politician
|candidate = Chandradhwaja Majhi
|votes = 18,388
|percentage = 1.79
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 2,042
|percentage = 0.20
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 10,22,187
|percentage = 78.80
|change =
}}
{{Election box gain with party link no swing|
|winner = Biju Janata Dal
|loser = Indian National Congress
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2009 ===
In 2009 election, [[Indian National Congress]] candidate [[Pradeep Kumar Majhi]] defeated [[Biju Janata Dal]] candidate Domburu Majhi by a margin of 29,977 votes.<ref name=":0" />

{{Election box begin|
|title=[[2009 Indian general elections]]: [[Nabarangpur]]}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = [[Pradeep Kumar Majhi]]
|votes = 3,08,307
|percentage = 38.93
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Biju Janata Dal
|candidate = Domburu Majhi
|votes = 2,78,330
|percentage = 35.15
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = [[Parsuram Majhi]]
|votes = 1,56,784
|percentage = 19.80
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Chandradhwaja Majhi
|votes = 48,514
|percentage = 6.13
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 29,977
|percentage = 3.79
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 7,91,935
|percentage = 65.14
|change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link no swing|
|winner = Indian National Congress
|loser = Bharatiya Janata Party
}}
{{Election box end}}

== Notes ==
{{Notelist}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*[https://www.indiaelections2014.info/parliament/2019/states/odisha/nabarangpur/lok_sabha_parliamentary_election_2019_dates.html Nabarangpur lok sabha constituency election 2019 date and schedule]

{{Lok Sabha constituencies of Odisha}}
{{coord |19.23|82.55|display=title}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Nabarangpur Lok Sabha constituency}}
[[Category:Lok Sabha constituencies in Odisha]]
[[Category:Nabarangpur district]]
[[Category:Malkangiri district]]
[[Category:Koraput district]]

Paramahamsa Madhavdas

2026-03-29T14:37:15Z

YukikoTousignant: creating!

{{Short description|Indian yogi (1798–1921)}}
{{Disputed|date=February 2023}}
{{Infobox religious biography
| honorific-prefix =
| name = Paramahamsa Madhavdas परमहंस माधवदास
| image = Paramahamsa Madhavdasji.jpg
| caption = Photo of the Bengali yogi Paramahamsa Madhavdasji, sometime between 1900 and 1920 but the exact date is unknown.
| religion = [[Hinduism]]
| founder =
| known_for = Pioneering [[modern yoga]] [[Hatha yoga]]
| alma_mater =
| pen_name =
| birth_name =
| birth_date = 1798
| birth_place = [[Phulia]], near [[Shantipur]], [[Nadia]]
| death_date = {{Death year and age|1921|1798}}
| death_place = Malsar, near [[Vadodara|Baroda]], Gujarat
| order = [[Vaishnavism]]
| school = [[Yoga]]
| nationality = Indian
| honors = [[Paramahamsa]], Maharaj
| spouse =
| children =
| father =
| guru =
| disciples = [[Shri Yogendra]] [[Swami Kuvalayananda]]
}}
'''Paramahamsa Madhavdasji''' or '''Paramahamsa Madhavdas''' (1798–1921) was an Indian [[yogi]], [[yoga guru]] and Hindu monk in the 19th century. He was born in 1798 in [[Bengal]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Tiwari |first1=Sanjay |title=योग पुनर्जागरण के युग पतंजलि: परमहंस माधवदास बाबा |url=https://hindi.oneindia.com/opinion/international-yoga-day-2022-history-of-paramhansa-madhavdas-baba-guru-of-yoga-688622.html?story=4 |work=[[OneIndia]] |date=June 20, 2022 |language=Hindi}}</ref> He was initiated as a [[sadhu]] (monk) and entered the order of [[Vaishnavism]]. He traveled across India on foot for nearly 35 years for knowledge of the practice of yoga.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Lohar |first1=Dr. Ratna |last2=Lohar |first2=Jagdish |title=Yogah Chitta Vritti Nirodhah |date=2022 |publisher=FanatiXx Publication |pages=124, 125 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kmleEAAAQBAJ&dq=Paramahamsa+Madhavdasji&pg=PA124}}</ref> His notable disciple includes [[Swami Kuvalayananda]]<ref>{{cite book |author1=Mas Vidal |title=Sun, Moon and Earth The Sacred Relationship of Yoga and Ayurveda |date=2016 |publisher=Lotus Press |isbn=9780940676404 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aO3FDQAAQBAJ&dq=Paramahamsa+Madhavdasji&pg=PT133}}</ref> and [[Shri Yogendra]].<ref>{{cite book |author1=Swami Satyananda Saraswati |author1-link=Swami Satyananda Saraswati |title=Las bases del yoga El origen del hatha-yoga, los nathas, y su expansión en Occidente |date=2021 |publisher=Editorial Kairós |isbn=9788499889467 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Wt9SEAAAQBAJ&dq=Paramahamsa+Madhavdasji&pg=PT253}}</ref>

== Biography ==
He was born in 1798 to a [[Mukhopadhyaya]] family in the village of [[Phulia]], near [[Shantipur]], in the [[Nadia district|Nadia District]] of present-day [[West Bengal]]. He was a descendant of [[Krittibas Ojha|Krittiwas Ojha]] [first writer of Ramayan in Bengali language]. He worked as a clerk in the judicial department but later quit the job. After travelling through [[Assam]], Tibet, the [[Himalayas]] and various other places in India, he had an opportunity to have first-hand knowledge of yoga techniques. He was originally a follower of [[Bhakti movement|Bhakti]] order of [[Chaitanya Mahaprabhu]], but later followed the [[Vaishnavism]] order influenced by [[Gauranga]].

In 1869, Madhavdas joined a large [[Sadhu ]]community, who elected him as their leader at [[Vrindavan]] (now in [[Uttar Pradesh]]) in 1881. But Madhavdas was not satisfied with these activities among the [[Sadhu|sadhus]]. He was eager to reduce the sufferings of the commoner. Later, he came to Gujarat and started teaching yoga [[vedanta]]. He eventually settled in the village of Malsar near [[Baroda]] on the banks of the [[Narmada River]] in [[Gujarat]], where he taught the secrets of practicing yoga to a few selected and deserving disciples. Madhavadas died in 1921, at the age of 123.{{cn|date=December 2024}}

== Madhavdas Vacuum ==
A noted researcher of [[Kaivalyadhama Health and Yoga Research Center]], [[Swami Kuvalayananda]], discovered the creation of negative pressure in the colon during [[nauli]], one of the yoga ''[[Kriyā|kriyas]]'', for the first time in 1924. The discovery of a [[partial vacuum]] in the colon during nauli was named the ''Madhavdas Vacuum'' after Madhavdas by [[Swami Kuvalayananda]].<ref>Kuvalayananda Swami. Barometric Experiments on Nauli: Madhavdas Vacuum – Yoga Mimamsa Vol. I: No. 1 & 2; pp. 27 – 28 and 96 – 100 (1924)</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Historicizing Yoga |url=http://assets.press.princeton.edu/chapters/s7886.pdf |publisher=[[Princeton University Press]] |pages=17, 27, 30}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* [https://www.yogapedia.com/definition/11114/paramahamsa-madhavadasaji Who is Paramahamsa Madhavadasaji?] at ''Yogapedia''
* [https://yujyate.org/listing/paramahansa-sri-madhavadasji-maharaj/ Paramahansa Sri Madhavadasji Maharaj] at ''Yujyate''
{{Yoga as exercise}}
{{Physical culture}}
{{Modern yoga gurus}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Madhavadasaji, Paramahamsa}}
[[Category:19th-century Hindu religious leaders]]
[[Category:Bengali Hindu saints]]
[[Category:Indian Hindu monks]]
[[Category:Indian Hindu yogis]]
[[Category:Kriya yogis]]
[[Category:Bengali people]]
[[Category:Scholars from Gujarat]]
[[Category:Modern Indian yoga gurus]]
[[Category:Modern yoga pioneers]]
[[Category:1798 births]]
[[Category:1921 deaths]]
[[Category:Longevity claims]]

National highways of India

2026-03-28T08:50:56Z

YukikoTousignant: basic adjusted intro for accuracy additionally and fixed typos

{{Short description|Network of highways owned by the Government of India}}
{{For|expressways in India|Expressways of India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2017}}
[[File:Renumbered National Highways map of India (Schematic).jpg|thumb|Renumbered National Highways map of India (schematic)|300px]]

The '''national highways''' in [[India]] are a network of [[Limited-access road|limited access roads]] owned by the [[Ministry of Road Transport and Highways]]. National highways have [[Overpass|flyover access]] or some [[Controlled-access highway|controlled-access]], where entrance and exit is through the side of the flyover. At each highway intersection, flyovers are provided to bypass the traffic on the city, town, or village. These highways are designed for speeds of 100 km/h. Some national highways have interchanges in between, but do not have total controlled-access throughout the highways. The highways are constructed and managed by the [[Central Public Works Department]] (CPWD), the [[National Highways and Infrastructure Development Corporation Limited]] (NHIDCL), and the [[public works department]]s (PWD) of state governments. Currently, the longest national highway in India is [[National Highway 44 (India)|National Highway 44]] at 4,112 km (2,555 mi). India started to increase the number of lanes of major national highways to 4 or more with the [[National Highway Development Project]] (NHDP). As of March 2022 India has approximately 35,000 km of four-lane National highways.

The [[National Highways Authority of India]] (NHAI) and the National Highways and Infrastructure Development Corporation Limited (NHIDCL) are the nodal agencies responsible for building, upgrading, and maintaining most of the National Highways network. Both operate under the [[Ministry of Road Transport and Highways]]. The [[National Highways Development Project]] (NHDP) is a major effort to expand and upgrade the network of highways. NHAI often uses a [[public–private partnership]] model for highway maintenance, and toll-collection. NHIDCL uses the Engineering, Procurement, and Construction (EPC) model to build, develop and maintain strategic roads in international borders of the country.

In India, National Highways are [[Intersection (road)|at-grade roads]], whereas expressways are [[controlled-access highway]]s where entrance and exit is controlled by the use [[Interchange (road)|ramps]] that are incorporated into the [[Controlled-access highway#Design|design of the expressway]]. National Highways follows standards set by [[Indian Roads Congress]] and [[Bureau of Indian Standards]].

<mapframe latitude="21" longitude="78" zoom="4" width="500" height="500" text="NHs in India" align="center">
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==Characteristics ==
[[File:Jammu Srinagar Highway.jpg|thumb|Entrance of [[National Highway 44 (India)|National Highway 44]], the longest National Highway in India (from [[Srinagar]] to [[Kanyakumari]])]]
[[File:Gujarat India 4 lane highway NH 27 in Saurashtra region.jpg|thumb|[[National Highway 27 (India)|National Highway 27]] in [[Gujarat]]]]
[[File:NH 24 Bareilly 02.jpg|thumb|A section of [[National Highway 24 (India)|National Highway 24]] in [[Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh]]]]

India has {{convert|161350|km|mi|abbr=on}} of national highways as of March 2022 compared to 101,011 km in FY 2013–14.<ref name="59% Growth">{{cite web | url=https://www.livemint.com/industry/infrastructure/indias-road-network-grows-59-in-last-9-years-gadkari-11687870574906.html | title=India's road network grows 59% in last 9 years: Gadkari | date=27 June 2023 | access-date=11 July 2023 | archive-date=17 September 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230917211352/https://www.livemint.com/industry/infrastructure/indias-road-network-grows-59-in-last-9-years-gadkari-11687870574906.html | url-status=live }}</ref><ref>[https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/highways-construction-touches-record-37-km-per-day-gadkari/article34221788.ece NATIONALHighways construction touches record 37 km per day: Gadkari] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210409084613/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/highways-construction-touches-record-37-km-per-day-gadkari/article34221788.ece |date=9 April 2021 }} ''The Hindu''. Retrieved 29 August 2021</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://constrofacilitator.com/construction-of-national-highways-at-10331-km-in-2022-23/ | title=Construction of national highways at 10,331 km in 2022-23-MoRTH | date=25 April 2023 }}</ref> In July 2023, [[Ministry of Road Transport and Highways|Union Road Transport and Highways Minister]] [[Nitin Gadkari]] claimed total length of the national highways in the country increased by about ''59%'' in the span of the last nine years.<ref name="59% Growth"/>

As of 2013, National highways constituted 2.7% of India's total road network, but carried about 40% of road traffic.<ref name="indiatimes1">{{cite news |title=NDA regime constructed 50% of national highways laid in last 30 years: Centre |first=Dhananjay |last=Mahapatra |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/NDA-regime-constructed-50-of-national-highways-laid-in-last-30-years-Centre/articleshow/20869113.cms |newspaper=The Times of India |date=2 July 2013 |access-date=18 April 2015 |archive-date=24 September 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170924054702/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/NDA-regime-constructed-50-of-national-highways-laid-in-last-30-years-Centre/articleshow/20869113.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2016, the government vowed to double the highway length from 101,011 to 200,000 km.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/national-highways-road-length-to-be-increased-from-96000-km-to-200000-km-nitin-gadkari/477303/|title=National Highways road length to be increased from 1,01,011 km to 2,00,000 km: Nitin Gadkari|date=17 December 2016|work=The Financial Express|access-date=27 June 2017|language=en-US|archive-date=25 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210225031037/https://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/national-highways-road-length-to-be-increased-from-96000-km-to-200000-km-nitin-gadkari/477303/|url-status=live}}</ref>

The majority of existing highways are now four-lane roads (two lanes in each direction), though much of this is being expanded to six or more lanes. Some sections of the network are [[toll road]]s. Only a few highways are built with concrete. [[Bypass (road)|Bypasses]] have been constructed around larger towns and cities to provide uninterrupted passage for highway traffic. Some existing roads have been reclassified as national highways.

== History ==

The [[National Highways Act, 1956]]<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.vakilno1.com/bareacts/Laws/The-National-Highways-Act-1956.htm | title = The National Highways Act, 1956 | access-date = 2 December 2012 | archive-date = 14 February 2012 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120214191232/http://www.vakilno1.com/bareacts/Laws/The-National-Highways-Act-1956.htm | url-status = dead }}</ref> provided for public i.e. state investment in the building and maintenance of the highways.

The [[National Highways Authority of India]] was established by the [[National Highways Authority of India Act, 1988]]. Section 16(1) of the Act states that the function of NHAI is to develop, maintain, and manage the National Highways and any other highways vested in, or entrusted to, it by the Government of India.

In 1998 India launched a massive program of highway upgrades, called the [[National Highways Development Project]] (NHDP), in which the main north–south and east–west corridors and highways connecting the four metropolitan cities ([[Delhi]], [[Mumbai]], [[Chennai]] and [[Kolkata]]) have been fully paved and widened into four-lane highways. Some of the busier National Highway sectors in India were also converted to four- or six-lane limited-access highways.

The [[National Highways and Infrastructure Development Corporation Limited]] started functioning as of 18 July 2014.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.morth.nic.in/nhidcl| title= NHIDCL Ministry of RT&H}}</ref> It is a fully owned company of the [[Government of India]], under the administrative control of the [[Ministry of Road Transport and Highways]], and was created to develop, maintain and manage the national highways, strategic roads and other infrastructure of India. It was dedicated to the task of promoting regional connectivity in parts of the country which share international boundaries. It is responsible for the development, maintenance and management of National Highways in hilly terrain of North-East part of India, Andaman & Nicobar Islands, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Ladakh and Uttarakhand. It works as a specialised agency in high altitude areas and border areas. Apart from highways, NHIDCL is constructing logictic hubs and transport related infrastructure e.g. [[multimodal transport]] hubs such as bus ports, container depots, automated multilevel car parking etc.

The [[Ministry of Road Transport and Highways]] adopted a new systematic numbering of National Highways in April 2010.<ref name="renumber1">{{cite web|url=http://dorth.gov.in/writereaddata/linkimages/9-6774713323.pdf|title=Rationalisation of Numbering Systems of National Highways|publisher=[[Department of Road Transport and Highways]]|access-date=2 September 2012|location=New Delhi|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160816023220/http://dorth.gov.in/writereaddata/linkimages/9-6774713323.pdf|archive-date=16 August 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref> It is a systematic numbering scheme based on the orientation and the geographic location of the highway. The new system indicates the direction of National Highways whether they are east–west (odd numbers) or north–south (even numbers). It also indicates the geographical region where they are with even numbers increasing from east to west starting from NH2 and odd numbers increasing from north to south starting from NH1.<ref name="indiatimes3">{{cite news |title=New numbers for national highways |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/guwahati/New-numbers-for-national-highways/articleshow/10438355.cms |newspaper=The Times of India |date=21 October 2011 |access-date=18 April 2015 |archive-date=20 May 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150520085007/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/guwahati/New-numbers-for-national-highways/articleshow/10438355.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>

[[Bharatmala]], a centrally-sponsored and funded road and highways project of the [[Government of India]]<ref name="Ecotimes">{{citation|title=Bharat Mala: PM Narendra Modi's planned Rs 14,000 crore road from Gujarat to Mizoram|date=29 April 2015|url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2015-04-29/news/61652753_1_crore-road-road-connectivity-road-network|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150502054620/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2015-04-29/news/61652753_1_crore-road-road-connectivity-road-network|url-status=dead|archive-date=2 May 2015|work=[[The Economic Times]]|location=[[New Delhi]]}}</ref> with a target of constructing {{cvt|83677|km|mi}}<ref name="new1">{{citation|title=Ministry proposes construction of 20,000 km of roads under Bharat Mala project|date=9 January 2016|url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2016-01-09/news/69634613_1_draft-cabinet-note-finance-ministry-roads-ministry|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160325052218/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2016-01-09/news/69634613_1_draft-cabinet-note-finance-ministry-roads-ministry|url-status=dead|archive-date=25 March 2016|work=[[The Economic Times]]|location=[[New Delhi]]}}</ref> of new highways, was started in 2018. Phase I of the Bharatmala project involves the construction of 34,800 km of highways (including the remaining projects under NHDP) at an estimated cost of {{INRConvert|5.35|lc|lk=lc}} by 2021–22.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.india.gov.in/spotlight/bharatmala-pariyojana-stepping-stone-towards-new-india|title=Bharatmala Pariyojana - A Stepping Stone towards New India {{!}} National Portal of India|website=www.india.gov.in|language=en|access-date=2018-01-18|archive-date=18 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180118183227/https://www.india.gov.in/spotlight/bharatmala-pariyojana-stepping-stone-towards-new-india|url-status=live}}</ref>

==List of national highways in India==
{{main|List of national highways in India}}

==Expanding National Highway Network==
The average speed of NH construction has also seen a significant increase, from a baseline of 12.1 km/day in 2014 rising to 28.3 km/day (143%).

The speed of highway construction reached 37 km per day in 2020-21, a record for fastest highway construction in India.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://pib.gov.in/PressNoteDetails.aspx?NoteId=151870&ModuleId=3 | title=Ministry of Information & Broadcasting }}</ref>

{{Pie chart
| caption= National Highway of India in 2014, 91287km.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://pib.gov.in/PressReleaseIframePage.aspx?PRID=1993425|title=Year End Review 2023-Ministry of Road Transport and Highways|publisher=Azadi Ka Amrit Mahotsav|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250203135326/https://pib.gov.in/PressReleaseIframePage.aspx?PRID=1993425|archive-date=3 February 2025|url-status=live}}</ref>
| label1 = < 2 Lane, 27517km
| value1 = 30
| color1 = darkgreen
| label2 = 2 Lane / 2 Lane + PS, 45399 Km
| value2 = 50
| color2 = brown
| label3 = 4 Lane, 18371 km
| value3 = 20
| color3 = #08f
}}

{{Pie chart
| caption= National Highway of India in 2023, 146145km.
| label1 = < 2 Lane, 14870km
| value1 = 10
| color1 = darkgreen
| label2 = 2 Lane / 2 Lane + PS, 85096 km
| value2 = 58
| color2 = brown
| label3 = 4 Lane, 46179km
| value3 = 32
| color3 = #08f
}}

==Network length==

{{Bar chart
| title = Total length of national highways in India in km <ref>{{cite web|url=https://morth.nic.in/sites/default/files/Annual%20Report%20-%202021%20(English)_compressed.pdf|title=Annual Report 2020-2021|publisher=Bharatmala|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250317120317/https://morth.nic.in/sites/default/files/Annual%20Report%20-%202021%20(English)_compressed.pdf|archive-date=17 March 2025|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://morth.nic.in/sites/default/files/Annual%20Report_21-22-1.pdf|title=Annual Report 2021-2022|publisher=Bharatmala|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240516130345/https://morth.nic.in/sites/default/files/Annual%20Report_21-22-1.pdf|archive-date=16 May 2024|url-status=live}}</ref>
| bar_width = 20
| float = middle
| width_units = em
| label_type = [[Year]]
| label1 = 2023-2024
| label2 = 2022-2023
| label3 = 2021 - 2022
| label4 = 2020 - 2021
| label5 = 2019 - 2020
| label6 = 2018 - 2019
| label7 = 2017 - 2018
| label8 = 2016 - 2017
| label9 = 2015 - 2016
| label10 = 2014 - 2015
| label11 = 2013 - 2014
| label12 = 2012 - 2013
| label13 = 2011 - 2012
| label14 = 2010 - 2011
| label15 = 2009 - 2010
| label16 = 2008 - 2009
| label17 = 2007 - 2008
| label18 = 2006 - 2007
| label19 = 2005 - 2006
| label20 = 2004 - 2005
| label21 = 2003 - 2004
| label22 = 2002 - 2003
| label23 = 2001 - 2002
| label24 = 1991 - 2001
| label26 = 1981 - 1991
| label27 = 1971 - 1981
| label28 = 1961 - 1971
| label29 = 1950 - 1961
| data_type = Total length in km
| data_max = 200,000
| data1 = 151,874
| data2 = 145,240
| data3 = 140,995
| data4 = 136,440
| data5 = 132,995
| data6 = 132,500
| data7 = 126,500
| data8 = 114,158
| data9 = 101,011
| data10 = 97,991
| data11 = 91,287
| data12 = 79,116
| data13 = 76,818
| data14 = 70,934
| data15 = 70,934
| data16 = 70,548
| data17 = 66,754
| data18 = 66,590
| data19 = 66,590
| data20 = 65,569
| data21 = 65,569
| data22 = 58,112
| data23 = 58,112
| data24 = 57,737
| data25 = 33,650
| data26 = 31,671
| data27 = 23,838
| data28 = 23,798
}}

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+National Highways in India, by state and union territories and maintaining agency<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://morth.nic.in/showfile.asp?lid=1624|title=National Highways Summary - Ministry of Road Transport & Highways, Government of India|website=morth.nic.in|access-date=21 August 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nhai.org/statewise1.asp|title=Welcome to NHAI|website=www.nhai.org|access-date=21 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130215043627/https://www.nhai.org/statewise1.asp|archive-date=15 February 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref>

|-
!State / union territory
!State PWD
!NHAI
!NHIDCL<ref>{{Cite web|date=15 Feb 2017|title=Overview of All NHIDCL Projects|url=http://nhidcl.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/All-projects.pdf|access-date=19 Dec 2020|website=nhidcl.com}}</ref>
!Total length as on 31.03.2019 (km)
|-
| [[Andaman and Nicobar Islands]]
|
|
| align="right" |87|| align="right"|331
|-
| [[Andhra Pradesh]]
|
|
||| align="right" |6,912
|-
| [[Arunachal Pradesh]]
|
|
| align="right" |1,035|| align="right" |2,537
|-
| [[Assam]]
|
|
| align="right" |1,010|| align="right" |3,909
|-
| [[Bihar]]
|
|
||| align="right" |5,358
|-
| [[Chandigarh]]
|
|
||| align="right" |15
|-
| [[Chhattisgarh]]
|
|
||| align="right" |3,605
|-
| [[Dadra and Nagar Haveli]]
|
|
||| align="right" |31
|-
| [[Daman and Diu]]
|
|
||| align="right" |22
|-
| [[Delhi]]
|
|
||| align="right" |157
|-
| [[Goa]]
|
|
||| align="right" |293
|-
| [[Gujarat]]
|
|
||| align="right" |6,635
|-
| [[Haryana]]
|
|
||| align="right" |3,166
|-
| [[Himachal Pradesh]]
|
|
| align="right" |320|| align="right" |2,607
|-
| [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu & Kashmir]]
|
|
| align="right" |436|| align="right" |2,423
|-
| [[Jharkhand]]
|
|
||| align="right" |3,367
|-
| [[Karnataka]]
|
|
||| align="right" |7,335
|-
| [[Kerala]]
|
|
||| align="right" |1,782
|-
| [[Lakshadweep]]
|
|
||| align="right" |0
|-
| [[Madhya Pradesh]]
|
|
||| align="right" |8,772
|-
| [[Maharashtra]]
|
|
||| align="right" |17,757
|-
| [[Manipur]]
|
|
| align="right" |1,751|| align="right" |1,750
|-
| [[Meghalaya]]
|
|
| align="right" |823|| align="right" |1,156
|-
| [[Mizoram]]
|
|
| align="right" |372|| align="right" |1,422.5
|-
| [[Nagaland]]
|
|
| align="right" |324|| align="right" |1,548
|-
| [[Odisha]]
|
|
||| align="right" |5,762
|-
| [[Puducherry (union territory)|Puducherry]]
|
|
||| align="right" |27
|-
| [[Punjab, India|Punjab]]
|
|
||| align="right" |3,274
|-
| [[Rajasthan]]
|
|
||| align="right" |10,342
|-
| [[Sikkim]]
|
|
| align="right" |595|| align="right" |463
|-
| [[Tamil Nadu]]
|
|
||| align="right" |6,742
|-
| [[Telangana]]
|
|
||| align="right" |3,795
|-
| [[Tripura]]
|
|
|align="right" |573|| align="right" |854
|-
| [[Uttarakhand]]
|
|
| align="right" |660|| align="right" |2,949
|-
| [[Uttar Pradesh]]
|
|
||| align="right" |11,737
|-
| [[West Bengal]]
|
|
| align="right" |4|| align="right" |3,664
|-
| '''India total'''
|
| align="right" | 48,590<ref>{{cite web|url=http://nhai.gov.in/writereaddata/Portal/Images/pdf/AnnualReport201516.pdf|title=2015-16 Annual Report|publisher=National Highways Authority of India|website=www.nhai.org|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191210122040/https://nhai.gov.in/writereaddata/Portal/Images/pdf/AnnualReport201516.pdf|archive-date=10 December 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref>
| align="right" |7,990
| align="right" |'''132,500'''<ref>{{cite web|url=https://morth.nic.in/sites/default/files/Summary-of-NHs_1.pdf|title=The details of National Highways (New No.) in the country and their length|website=www.nhai.org|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231004210845/https://morth.nic.in/sites/default/files/Summary-of-NHs_1.pdf|archive-date=4 October 2023|url-status=live}}</ref>
|}

==Year wise national highways in India, by state and union territory ==
As at end-March and length in kms.

Source: Ministry of Road Transport and Highways, Government of India.<ref>[https://rbidocs.rbi.org.in/rdocs/Publications/PDFs/T_123FB5090B95B794F0EA160E4CA455E347F.PDF Table 123: State-wise Length of National Highways 2005 - 2019] ''Ministry of Road Transport and Highways, Government of India''</ref>

{| class="wikitable sortable"
!State/union territory
!2005
!2006
!2007
!2008
!2009
!2010
!2011
!2012
!2013
!2014
|-
|Andaman and Nicobar Islands
|300
|300
|300
|300
|300
|300
|300
|300
|300
|300
|-
|Andhra Pradesh
|4472
|4472
|4472
|4472
|4537
|4537
|4537
|4537
|5022
|6590
|-
|Arunachal Pradesh
|392
|392
|392
|392
|1992
|1992
|1992
|2027
|2027
|2027
|-
|Assam
|2836
|2836
|2836
|2836
|2836
|2836
|2836
|2940
|2940
|3634
|-
|Bihar
|3537
|3642
|3642
|3642
|3642
|3642
|3642
|4106
|4168
|4467
|-
|Chandigarh
|24
|24
|24
|24
|24
|24
|24
|24
|24
|24
|-
|Chhattisgarh
|2184
|2184
|2184
|2184
|2184
|2184
|2184
|2289
|2289
|3031
|-
|Delhi
|72
|72
|72
|72
|72
|80
|80
|80
|80
|80
|-
|Goa
|269
|269
|269
|269
|269
|269
|269
|269
|269
|269
|-
|Gujarat
|2871
|3245
|3245
|3245
|3245
|3245
|3245
|4032
|3828
|4694
|-
|Haryana
|1468
|1512
|1512
|1512
|1512
|1518
|1518
|1633
|1633
|2050
|-
|Himachal Pradesh
|1208
|1208
|1208
|1208
|1409
|1409
|1409
|1506
|1506
|2196
|-
|Jammu and Kashmir
|823
|1245
|1245
|1245
|1245
|1245
|1245
|1245
|1695
|2319
|-
|Jharkhand
|1805
|1805
|1805
|1805
|1805
|1805
|1805
|2170
|2374
|2968
|-
|Karnataka
|3843
|3843
|3843
|3843
|4396
|4396
|4396
|4396
|4642
|6177
|-
|Kerala
|1440
|1440
|1440
|1457
|1457
|1457
|1457
|1457
|1457
|1700
|-
|Madhya Pradesh
|5200
|4670
|4670
|4670
|4670
|5027
|5027
|5064
|5116
|5116
|-
|Maharashtra
|4176
|4176
|4176
|4176
|4176
|4191
|4191
|4257
|4498
|6249
|-
|Manipur
|959
|959
|959
|959
|959
|959
|959
|1317
|1317
|1452
|-
|Meghalaya
|810
|810
|810
|810
|810
|810
|810
|1171
|1171
|1171
|-
|Mizoram
|927
|927
|927
|927
|927
|927
|927
|1027
|1027
|122
|-
|Nagaland
|494
|494
|494
|494
|494
|494
|494
|494
|494
|741
|-
|Odisha
|3704
|3704
|3704
|3704
|3704
|3704
|3704
|3704
|4416
|4550
|-
|Puducherry
|53
|53
|53
|53
|53
|53
|53
|53
|53
|53
|-
|Punjab
|1557
|1557
|1557
|1557
|1557
|1557
|1557
|1557
|1557
|1699
|-
|Rajasthan
|5585
|5585
|5585
|5585
|5585
|5585
|5585
|7130
|7180
|7646
|-
|Sikkim
|62
|62
|62
|62
|62
|62
|62
|149
|149
|149
|-
|Tamil Nadu
|4183
|4462
|4462
|4462
|4832
|4832
|4832
|4943
|4943
|4975
|-
|Telangana
|.
|.
|.
|.
|.
|.
|.
|.
|.
|.
|-
|Tripura
|400
|400
|400
|400
|400
|400
|400
|400
|400
|509
|-
|Uttar Pradesh
|5599
|5874
|5874
|5874
|6774
|6774
|6774
|7818
|7818
|7986
|-
|Uttarakhand
|1991
|1991
|1991
|1991
|2042
|2042
|2042
|2042
|2042
|2282
|-
|West Bengal
|2325
|2377
|2377
|2524
|2578
|2578
|2578
|2681
|2681
|2908
|-
|'''All India'''
|65569
|66590
|66590
|66754
|70548
|70934
|70934
|76818
|79116
|91287
|-

|}

State-wise length of National Highways<ref>{{cite web | url=https://rbi.org.in/scripts/PublicationsView.aspx?id=20785 | title=Reserve Bank of India - Publications }}</ref>

Note: Yearly data for 2018 and 2020 are not available.

{| class="wikitable sortable"
!State/union territory
!2015
!2016
!2017
!2019
!2021
!2022
!2023
!2024
|-
|Andaman and Nicobar Islands
|331
|331
|331
|331
|331
|
|
|
|-
|Andhra Pradesh
|4670
|5465
|6383
|6912
|7340
|
|
|
|-
|Arunachal Pradesh
|2513
|2513
|2537
|2537
|2537
|
|
|
|-
|Assam
|3784
|3821
|3845
|3909
|3936
|
|
|
|-
|Bihar
|4701
|4839
|4839
|5358
|5421
|
|
|
|-
|Chandigarh
|15
|15
|15
|15
|15
|
|
|
|-
|Chhattisgarh
|3079
|3078
|3523
|3605
|3620
|
|
|
|-
|Delhi
|80
|80
|79
|157
|157
|
|
|
|-
|Goa
|262
|262
|293
|293
|299
|
|
|
|-
|Gujarat
|4971
|4971
|5456
|6635
|7744
|
|
|
|-
|Haryana
|2307
|2622
|2741
|3166
|3237
|
|
|
|-
|Himachal Pradesh
|2466
|2642
|2643
|2607
|2607
|
|
|
|-
|Jammu and Kashmir
|2593
|2601
|2601
|2423
|2423
|
|
|
|-
|Jharkhand
|2632
|2654
|2661
|3367
|3367
|
|
|
|-
|Karnataka
|6432
|6503
|6991
|7335
|7412
|
|
|
|-
|Kerala
|1811
|1812
|1782
|1782
|1782
|
|
|
|-
|Madhya Pradesh
|5184
|5194
|8053
|8772
|8941
|
|
|
|-
|Maharashtra
|7048
|7435
|16239
|17757
|17931
|
|
|
|-
|Manipur
|1746
|1746
|1746
|1750
|1750
|
|
|
|-
|Meghalaya
|1204
|1203
|1204
|1156
|1156
|
|
|
|-
|Mizoram
|1381
|1381
|1423
|1423
|1423
|
|
|
|-
|Nagaland
|1080
|1150
|1547
|1548
|1548
|
|
|
|-
|Odisha
|4645
|4838
|5413
|5762
|5897
|
|
|
|-
|Puducherry
|64
|64
|64
|27
|64
|
|
|
|-
|Punjab
|2239
|2769
|3228
|3274
|4099
|
|
|
|-
|Rajasthan
|7886
|7906
|8972
|10342
|10350
|
|
|
|-
|Sikkim
|309
|463
|463
|463
|709
|
|
|
|-
|Tamil Nadu
|5006
|4946
|5918
|6742
|6858
|
|
|
|-
|Telangana
|2687
|2696
|3786
|3795
|3974
|
|
|
|-
|Tripura
|577
|805
|854
|854
|854
|
|
|
|-
|Uttar Pradesh
|8483
|8483
|9017
|11737
|11831
|
|
|
|-
|Uttarakhand
|2842
|2714
|2842
|2949
|3106
|
|
|
|-
|West Bengal
|2910
|2956
|3004
|3664
|3665
|
|
|
|-
|'''All India'''
|97991
|101011
|120493
|132500
|136440
|
|
|
|-
|}

==Funding==
National Highways Authority of India has enough funds to increase the pace of road building. At the listing ceremony of the National Highways Infra Trust's (NHAI InVITs) non-convertible debentures, the National Highway Infra Trust issued and listed Non-Convertible Debentures (NCDs) worth Rs 1,500 crore on the Bombay Stock Exchange, with a long-dated maturity of 25 years.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/business/nhai-has-enough-cash-to-speed-up-road-building-gadkari-at-ncd-listing-event-9403841.html | title=NHAI has enough cash to speed up road building: Gadkari at NCD listing event | date=28 October 2022 }}</ref>

NHAI collected tolls worth Rs 34,742 crore on national highways in FY22.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.moneylife.in/article/toll-worth-rs34742-crore-collected-on-national-highways-in-fy22/70168.html | title=Toll worth Rs34,742 crore collected on national highways in FY22 }}</ref> Additionally NHAI toll revenue is expected to rise to Rs. 1.40 lakh crores by 2028.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/transportation/roadways/nhai-toll-revenue-to-soar-to-rs-1-40-trillion-in-three-years-nitin-gadkari/articleshow/94035188.cms | title=NHAI toll revenue to soar to Rs 1.40 lakh crores in three years: Nitin Gadkari | newspaper=The Economic Times | date=6 September 2022 | last1=Mishra | first1=Twesh }}</ref>

==Future==
Brownfield National Highway Projects is an upgrading/widening of existing four lane highways into six lane highways which are not controlled access highways.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://portfolio.cept.ac.in/ft/construction-project-formulation-appraisal-cm4002-monsoon-2020-4670/brownfield-national-highway-project-monsoon-2020-pcm20400 | title=Brownfield National Highway Project | CEPT - Portfolio }}</ref>

==Trivia==

* The longest national highway is [[National Highway 44 (India)|NH44]],<ref name="ref8">"[http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/guwahati/New-numbers-for-national-highways/articleshow/10438355.cms New numbers for national highways] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150520085007/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/guwahati/New-numbers-for-national-highways/articleshow/10438355.cms |date=20 May 2015 }}". ''Maps of India''.</ref> which runs between [[Srinagar]] in [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]] and [[Kanyakumari (town)|Kanyakumari]] in [[Tamil Nadu]], covering a distance of {{convert|4112|km|mi|abbr=on}}.
* The shortest national highway is [[National Highway 766EE (India)|NH766EE]],<ref name="ref4">"[http://www.listkerala.com/highways_karnataka.htm List of highways in Karnatakaa]{{Dead link|date=January 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}". ''nhai.gov.in''.</ref><ref>"[http://www.india9.com/i9show/National-Highway-536-.htm National Highway 536] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210925145944/https://www.india9.com/i9show/National-Highway-536-.htm |date=25 September 2021 }}". ''India9.com''.</ref> which spans {{convert|4.27|km|mi|abbr=on}}, from [[Hettikeri]] to [[Belekeri port, India|Belekeri port]] in [[Karnataka]].
* The [[Leh–Manali Highway]] connecting [[Leh]] in [[Ladakh]] to [[Manali, Himachal Pradesh|Manali]] in [[Himachal Pradesh]] is the second highest-altitude motorable highway in the world.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-01-04 |title=Leh Ladakh In December - Journeyio |url=https://www.journeyio.in/leh-ladakh-in-december/ |access-date=2026-03-28 |website=www.journeyio.in |language=en}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[List of national highways in India]]
* [[List of national highways in India by state]]
* [[List of national highways in India by union territory]]
* [[India–Myanmar–Thailand Trilateral Highway]]
* [[Roads in India]]

== References and notes ==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==External links==
{{commons}}
* [https://epaper.newindianexpress.com/c/30555103 Story of a village by the highways]

{{Highways in India}}

[[Category:National highways of India| ]]
[[Category:Roads in India]]

PNS Ghazi

2026-03-21T17:46:08Z

YukikoTousignant: further adjusted structure further and improved wording per standard format

{{short description|Tench-class submarine of Pakistan Navy}}
{{for|the submarine named Ghazi, bought by the Pakistan Navy in 1975|PNS Ghazi (S134)}}
{{Distinguish||text=PNS Ghazi, a [[Hangor-class submarine]] of the same name built in 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2019}}
{{Use Pakistani English|date=October 2019}}

{{Infobox ship
|section1={{Infobox ship/image
| image = Ussdiablo.jpg
| image_caption = The [[Tench-class submarine|''Tench''-class submarine]] in the [[United States Navy|U.S. Navy]]'s service as ''Diablo'' in 1964.
}}

|section2={{Infobox ship/career
| hide_header =
| country = United States
| flag = {{USN flag|1964}}
| name = USS ''Diablo''
| ordered =
| builder = [[Portsmouth Naval Shipyard]], [[Kittery, Maine|Kittery]], [[Maine, United States|Maine]], [[United States]]<ref name="FriedmanSubs1-dates">{{cite book
| last = Friedman
| first = Norman
| title = U.S. Submarines Through 1945: An Illustrated Design History
| publisher = [[United States Naval Institute]]
| year = 1995
| location = [[Annapolis, Maryland]]
| pages = 285–304
| isbn = 1-55750-263-3 }}</ref>
| laid_down = 11 August 1944<ref name="FriedmanSubs1-dates"/>
| launched = 1 December 1944<ref name="FriedmanSubs1-dates"/>
| acquired =
| commissioned = 31 March 1945<ref name="FriedmanSubs1-dates"/>
| decommissioned = 1 June 1964<ref name="FriedmanSubs1-dates"/>
| in_service =
| out_of_service =
| struck = 4 December 1971<ref name="Register">{{cite book
| last = Bauer
| first = K. Jack
|author2=Roberts, Stephen S.
| title = Register of Ships of the U.S. Navy, 1775–1990: Major Combatants
| publisher = Greenwood Press
| year = 1991
| location = [[Westport, Connecticut]]
| pages = 280–282
| isbn = 0-313-26202-0 }}</ref>
| reinstated =
| identification = SS-479
| fate = Transferred to [[Pakistan]] on 1 June 1964<ref name="FriedmanSubs1-dates"/>
}}

|section3={{Infobox ship/career
| hide_header = title
| country = Pakistan
| flag = {{shipboxflag|Pakistan|naval}}
| name = PNS ''Ghazi''
| original_cost = $1.5 million [[USD]] (1968) ([[Refit]] and [[Mid-life update|MLU]] cost)<ref name="wwiiafterwwii" />
| acquired = 1 June 1964
| commissioned =
| decommissioned =
| in_service =
| out_of_service =
| refit = 2 April 1970
| struck =
| reinstated =
| identification = S-130
| homeport = [[Karachi Shipyard|Karachi Naval Base]]
| honours = * [[File:PAK Sitara-i-Juraat ribbon.svg|link=|alt=|30px]] 2×[[Sitara-e-Jurat]]
*[[File:Pride of Performance (ribbon).gif|30px|link=|alt=]] 1×[[Pride of Performance Awards (1960–69)|President's Citation]]
*[[File:Tamgha Jurat Ribbon.gif|link=|alt=|30px]] 1×[[Tamgha-i-Jurat]]
*[[File:Sword of Honour @ Royal Military College of Canada.jpg|30px]] 6×[[Sword of Honour (Pakistan)|Sword of Honour]]
| fate = Lost during 1971 war with 93 personnel onboard on [[1971 in Pakistan|4/5 December 1971]] in [[Bay of Bengal]] in East of [[Indian Ocean]].<ref name="Times of India, 2006" /><ref name="Defence Journal, Azam" /><ref name="defencejournal.com" /><ref name="TOI History">{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Now-no-record-of-Navy-sinking-Pakistani-submarine-in-1971/articleshow/5919209.cms|title=Now no record of navy sinking Pakistani submarine in 1971|publisher=Times of India|access-date=12 May 2010|archive-date=14 May 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100514003739/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Now-no-record-of-Navy-sinking-Pakistani-submarine-in-1971/articleshow/5919209.cms|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="pakdef.org" />
}}

|section4={{Infobox ship/characteristics
| hide_header =
| header_caption =
| class = {{sclass|Tench|submarine|0}} [[diesel-electric]] [[submarine]]<ref name="Register"/>
| displacement = *{{convert|1,570|LT|t|0|abbr=on}} surfaced<ref name="Register"/>
*{{convert|2,414|LT|t|0|abbr=on}} submerged<ref name="Register"/>
| length = {{convert|311|ft|8|in|abbr=on}}<ref name="Register"/>
| beam = {{convert|27|ft|4|in|abbr=on}}<ref name="Register"/>
| draft = {{convert|17|ft|abbr=on}} maximum<ref name="Register"/>
| propulsion = {{Fleet-boat-propulsion-late-FM-2-E}}
| speed = *{{convert|20.25|kn}} surfaced<ref name="FriedmanSubs1-specs">''U.S. Submarines Through 1945'' pp. 305–311</ref>
*{{convert|8.75|kn}} submerged<ref name="FriedmanSubs1-specs"/>
| range = {{convert|11000|nmi}} surfaced at {{convert|10|kn}}<ref name="FriedmanSubs1-specs"/>
| endurance = *48 hours at {{convert|2|kn}} submerged<ref name="FriedmanSubs1-specs"/>
*75 days on patrol
| test_depth = *{{convert|400|ft|m|-1|abbr=on}} {{small|[[United States Navy|United States Navy service)]]}}<ref name="FriedmanSubs1-specs"/>
*{{convert|450|ft|m|-1|abbr=on}} {{small|([[Pakistan Navy]] service)}}<ref name="FriedmanSubs1-specs"/>
| complement = *10 officers, 71 enlisted ([[US Navy|U.S. service]])<ref name="FriedmanSubs1-specs"/>
*11 officers, 82 enlisted ([[Pakistan Navy|Pakistan service]])<ref name="PNS/M Ghazi: Officers and Enlisted">{{cite web |title=PNS/M Ghazi: Officers and Enlisted |url=http://pakdef.org/pnsm-ghazi/ |website=pakdef.org |access-date=7 September 2018 |archive-date=7 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180907221355/http://pakdef.org/pnsm-ghazi/ }}</ref>
| sensors =
| EW =
| armament = *10 × [[American 21 inch torpedo|{{convert|21|in|mm|abbr=on|0}}]] [[torpedo tube]]s (6 forward, 4 aft), 28 torpedoes<ref name="FriedmanSubs1-specs" />
*1 × [[5"/25 caliber gun (United States)|5 in (127 mm)/25-caliber deck gun]]
*1 × [[Bofors 40 mm Automatic Gun L/60|Bofors 40 mm]] cannon (US service)
*1 × [[Oerlikon 20 mm cannon]] (later 2)
*2 × [[M1919 Browning machine gun|.30 cal (7.62 mm)]] [[machine gun]]s (Pakistan service)
*[[Naval Mine|Minelaying]] capability after refit
}}
}}

{{Coord missing|Indian Ocean}}

'''PNS/M ''Ghazi (S–130)'''''<ref>{{cite web |last1=Shabbir |first1=Uman |title=PNS/M Ghazi (S-130) |url=http://pakdef.org/pnsm-ghazi/ |publisher=PakDef Military Consortium |access-date=22 December 2018 |archive-date=7 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180907221355/http://pakdef.org/pnsm-ghazi/ }}</ref> (previously '''USS ''Diablo'' (SS-479)'''; [[reporting name]]: '''''Ghazi'''''), {{small|[[Sitara-e-Jurat|SJ]]}}, was a {{sclass|Tench|submarine|0}} diesel-electric [[submarine]], the first fast-attack submarine in the [[Pakistan Navy]]. She was leased from the [[United States Navy]] in 1963.<ref name="Lancer Publications, Karim">{{cite book|last1=Karim|first1=Afsir|title=Indo-Pak Relations: Viewpoints, 1989–1996|publisher=Lancer Publishers|isbn=978-1-897829-23-3|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ltOgS1FjiR4C&q=pns+ghazi+leased&pg=PA68|access-date=18 November 2016|language=en|chapter-format=google books|chapter=The Early Years|year=1996}}</ref>{{rp|68}}

She served in the United States Navy from 1945 to 1963 and was loaned to Pakistan under the [[Security Assistance Program]] (SAP) on a four-year lease after the [[Ayub Khan (President of Pakistan)|Ayub administration]] successfully negotiated with the [[Kennedy administration]] for its procurement.<ref name="Lancer Publishers, Hiranandani">{{cite book|last1=Hiranandani|first1=G. M.|title=Transition to Triumph: History of the Indian Navy, 1965–1975|publisher=Lancer Publishers|isbn=978-1-897829-72-1|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zFyMKROi46kC&q=pns+ghazi+leased&pg=PA108|access-date=18 November 2016|language=en|chapter-format=google books|chapter=Pakistan Navy's Submarine Program|year=2000}}</ref> In 1964, she joined the Pakistan Navy and saw [[military action]] in the [[Indo-Pakistani wars and conflicts|Indo-Pakistani theatres]] in the [[Indo-Pakistani war of 1965|1965]] and, later in the [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1971|1971]] wars.<ref name="wwiiafterwwii" />

In 1968 ''Ghazi'' executed a [[Submarine#Buoyancy and trim|submerged]] [[circumnavigation]] of Africa and [[Southern Europe|southern parts]] of Europe through the [[Indian Ocean]] to the [[Atlantic Ocean]], due to the [[Six-Day War|closure of the]] [[Suez Canal]], in order to be [[refit]]ted and [[Mid-life update|update]]d at [[Gölcük Naval Shipyard|Gölcük]], Turkey. The submarine could be armed with up to 28 [[Mark 14 torpedo|Mk.14]] torpedoes and had the capability of [[naval mine|mine-laying]] added as part of her refit.<ref name="wwiiafterwwii">{{cite web|last1=wwiiafterwwii|title=Last voyage of PNS Ghazi 1971|url=https://wwiiafterwwii.wordpress.com/2015/12/24/last-voyage-of-pns-ghazi-1971/|website=wwiiafterwwii|access-date=18 November 2016|date=24 December 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161119064646/https://wwiiafterwwii.wordpress.com/2015/12/24/last-voyage-of-pns-ghazi-1971/|archive-date=2016-11-19|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="defencejournal.com" />

Starting as the only submarine in the [[Indo-Pakistani war of 1965]], ''Ghazi'' remained the Pakistan Navy's [[flagship]] submarine until in 1971, when she sank under mysterious circumstances near India's [[Bay of Bengal|eastern coast]] while conducting [[Indo-Pakistani Naval War of 1971|naval operations]] en route to the Bay of Bengal.<ref>{{cite book|last=Till|first=Geoffrey |title=Seapower: a guide for the twenty-first century|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZcejlMRYNAAC&pg=PA179|access-date=2010-05-28|year=2004|publisher=Frank Cast Publishers|location=Great Britain|isbn=0-7146-8436-8|page=179}}</ref> While the [[Indian Navy]] credits ''Ghazi''{{'}}s sinking to its [[destroyer]] {{INS|Rajput|D141|6}},<ref name="orb">{{cite web |url=http://www.orbat.com/site/cimh/navy/kills%281971%29-2.pdf |title=DAMAGE {{sic|ASSE|SMENT|nolink=y}} - 1971 INDO-PAK NAVAL WAR |access-date=2010-06-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100508210258/http://orbat.com/site/cimh/navy/kills%281971%29-2.pdf |archive-date=2010-05-08 }}</ref><ref name="ae">{{cite web |url=http://www.rediff.com/news/jan/09vikran.htm |title=Rediff On The NeT: End of an era: INS Vikrant's final farewell |work=Rediff.com |access-date=2011-12-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120107120108/http://www.rediff.com/news/jan/09vikran.htm |archive-date=2012-01-07 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="ti">{{cite web |url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2003/20030824/spectrum/main6.htm |title=The Sunday Tribune – Spectrum – Lead Article |publisher=Tribuneindia.com |access-date=2011-12-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120116023511/http://www.tribuneindia.com/2003/20030824/spectrum/main6.htm |archive-date=2012-01-16 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/151124/nation-current-affairs/article/visakhapatnam-sunk-pakistani-submarine-ghazi-enigma|title=Visakhapatnam: Sunk Pakistani submarine Ghazi is an enigma|date=24 November 2015|access-date=2016-02-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160218050522/http://deccanchronicle.com/151124/nation-current-affairs/article/visakhapatnam-sunk-pakistani-submarine-ghazi-enigma|archive-date=2016-02-18|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Visakhapatnam/From-a-small-outpost-to-a-major-command/article14019466.ece|title=From a small outpost to a major command|first=Sumit|last=Bhattacharjee|newspaper=The Hindu|date=25 January 2016|via=www.thehindu.com}}</ref> the Pakistani military oversights and reviews stated that "the submarine sank due to either an internal explosion or accidental detonation of mines being laid by the submarine off the Visakhapatnam harbour".<ref name="gt">[https://books.google.com/books?id=ZcejlMRYNAAC&pg=PA179&dq=PNS+Ghazi&ei=LKdDSKG0H4KijgGs1qG-BQ&sig=9YcFuLJttkAY3wIH965XTx6eU1Y Seapower: A Guide for the Twenty-first Century] By Geoffrey Till</ref><ref name=egyptianwitness>{{cite journal|last1=Johnson|first1=Ken|title=PNS Ghazi|journal=Hooter Hilites|issue=December 2007|page=6|url=http://ussseaowl.com/PDFFolder/Newsletter12-2007.pdf|access-date=23 January 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304091200/http://ussseaowl.com/PDFFolder/Newsletter12-2007.pdf|archive-date=2016-03-04|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Joseph|first=Josy |title=Now, no record of Navy sinking Pakistani submarine in 1971|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Now-no-record-of-Navy-sinking-Pakistani-submarine-in-1971/articleshow/5919209.cms|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110811070608/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2010-05-12/india/28288237_1_submarine-ins-rajput-eastern-naval-command|url-status=live|archive-date=11 August 2011|access-date=28 May 2010|date=12 May 2010|work=[[The Times of India]]|quote=Pakistani authorities say the submarine sank because of either an internal explosion or accidental blast of mines that the submarine itself was laying around Vizag harbour. }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=The truth behind the Navy's 'sinking' of Ghazi|url=http://sify.com/news/the-truth-behind-the-navy-s-sinking-of-ghazi-news-columns-kfztj3bhjeh.html|work=Sify News website|access-date=29 May 2010|date=25 May 2010|quote=After the war, however, teams of divers confirmed that it was an internal explosion that sank the Ghazi.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100528130109/http://sify.com/news/the-truth-behind-the-navy-s-sinking-of-ghazi-news-columns-kfztj3bhjeh.html|archive-date=2010-05-28}}</ref><ref name="India Today, 2003">{{cite news|last1=Unnithan|first1=Sandeep|title=New pictures of 1971 war Pak submarine Ghazi renew debate on cause behind blast on vessel|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/defence/story/20040126-new-pictures-of-1971-war-pak-submarine-ghazi-renew-debate-on-cause-behind-blast-on-vessel-790669-2004-01-25|access-date=18 November 2016|agency=India Today|publisher=India Today, 2003|date=26 January 2004|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170619171124/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/new-pictures-of-1971-war-pak-submarine-ghazi-renew-debate-on-cause-behind-blast-on-vessel/1/196709.html|archive-date=19 June 2017}}</ref>

In 2010, it was revealed the [[Indian Navy]] destroyed all records of their investigations into this matter in 1980 after the [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1971]].<ref name="TOI History"/><ref name="Warriors of the waves">[https://tribune.com.pk/story/383024/warriors-of-the-waves Warriors of the waves] - Express Tribune</ref><ref name="The Economic Times">[https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/nation-world/real-story-of-submarine-pns-ghazi-and-the-mystery-behind-its-sinking/the-hit/slideshow/56086229.cms Real story of submarine PNS Ghazi and the mystery behind its sinking] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230522200827/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/nation-world/real-story-of-submarine-pns-ghazi-and-the-mystery-behind-its-sinking/the-hit/slideshow/56086229.cms |date=22 May 2023 }} - Economic Times</ref><ref name="defenceupdate.in">[http://defenceupdate.in/the-ghazi-attack-why-did-india-destroy-records-of-one-of-its-greatest-naval-victories/ The Ghazi Attack: Why did India destroy records of one of its greatest naval victories] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210602212341/http://defenceupdate.in/the-ghazi-attack-why-did-india-destroy-records-of-one-of-its-greatest-naval-victories/ |date=2 June 2021 }} - Indian Defence News</ref> Nonetheless, Indian historians consider the sinking of ''Ghazi'' to be a notable event; as they have described the sinking as one of the "last unsolved greatest mysteries of the 1971 war."<ref name="India Today, 2003" /><ref>{{cite web|url=https://thereel.scroll.in/827797/what-happened-on-board-the-pakistani-submarine-that-inspired-the-movie-the-ghazi-attack|title=What happened to the Pakistani submarine that inspired the movie 'The Ghazi Attack'?|access-date=2017-01-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170127185306/https://thereel.scroll.in/827797/what-happened-on-board-the-pakistani-submarine-that-inspired-the-movie-the-ghazi-attack |archive-date=2017-01-27}} Initially made in Telugu and later due to good box office performance this movie was dubbed in several other Indian languages.</ref><ref name="Shark">{{cite book|author=Geoffrey Till|title=Seapower: A Guide for the Twenty-First Century|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=V_RZHwXnsCEC&pg=PA171|date=21 February 2013|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-136-25555-7|page=171}}</ref>

==Service with United States Navy==
{{USS|Diablo|SS-479|2}}, a long-range [[Fast attack submarine|fast-attack]] {{sclass|Tench|submarine}} was [[ship naming and launching|launched]] on 1 December 1944, sponsored by the wife of U.S. Navy [[Captain (United States)|Captain]] V. D. Chapline on 31 March 1945 with [[Lieutenant commander (United States)|Lieutenant Commander]] Gordon Graham Matheson as her first [[commanding officer]].<ref name="Hull Number">{{cite web |title=USS DIABLO (SS-479) Deployments & History|url=http://www.hullnumber.com/SS-479|website=Hull Number |access-date=20 November 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161120151749/http://www.hullnumber.com/SS-479|archive-date=2016-11-20|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="uboat.net">{{cite web|title=Diablo (SS-479) of the US Navy - American Submarine of the Tench class - Allied Warships of WWII - uboat.net|url=http://uboat.net/allies/warships/ship/5903.html|website=uboat.net|access-date=20 November 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100820005813/http://www.uboat.net/allies/warships/ship/5903.html|archive-date=2010-08-20|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="TogetherWeServed -">{{cite web|title=TogetherWeServed – Connecting US Navy Sailors|url=https://navy.togetherweserved.com/usn/servlet/tws.webapp.WebApp?cmd=PublicUnitProfile&type=Unit&ID=3907|website=navy.togetherweserved.com|publisher=TogetherWeServed -|access-date=20 November 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161120215018/https://navy.togetherweserved.com/usn/servlet/tws.webapp.WebApp?cmd=PublicUnitProfile&type=Unit&ID=3907|archive-date=2016-11-20|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="USS Diablo SS-497" />

She was the only warship of the United States Navy to be named [[Devil|''Diablo'']], which means "devil" in [[Spanish language|Spanish]].{{rp|134–135}}<ref name="Northern Book Centre, Sagar">{{cite book|last1=Sagar|first1=Krishna Chandra|title=The War of the Twins|publisher=Northern Book Centre|isbn=978-81-7211-082-6|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XM5oZYYvEmYC&q=PNS+Ghazi+Devil&pg=PA135|access-date=20 November 2016|language=en|chapter-format=google books|chapter=The Devil can't be the Defender of the Faith|year=1997}}</ref> The submarine's assigned and issued [[Embroidered patch|insignia patch]] identified the [[caricature]] image of the devil running with a torpedo in the sea.<ref name="Submarine Photo Index">{{cite web|last1=Smolinski|first1=Mike|title=Diablo (SS-479) |url=http://www.navsource.net/archives/08/08479.htm|website=NavSource |access-date=20 November 2016}}</ref>

After being commissioned at the [[Portsmouth Navy Yard]] on 31 March 1945, ''Diablo'' arrived at [[Pearl Harbor]] from [[New London, Connecticut|New London]], [[Connecticut]] on 21 July and sailed on her first war patrol on 10 August with instructions to stop at [[Saipan]] for final orders.<ref name="USS Diablo SS-497">{{cite web|title=USS Diablo SS-497|url=http://www.historycentral.com/navy/Submarine/Diablo.html|website=www.historycentral.com|publisher=USS Diablo SS-497|access-date=20 November 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161120220028/http://www.historycentral.com/navy/Submarine/Diablo.html|archive-date=2016-11-20|url-status=live}}</ref> With the [[End of World War II in Asia|ceasefire]], her destination was changed to [[Guam]] where she arrived on 22 August 1945.<ref name="FriedmanSubs1-dates" /> On the last day of the month, she got underway for Pearl Harbor and the [[United States East Coast|East Coast]] arriving at [[New York City]] on 11 October, except for a visit to [[Charleston, South Carolina|Charleston]], [[South Carolina]] in October where she remained at New York until 8 January 1946.<ref name="TogetherWeServed -" />

From 15 January 1946 to 27 April 1949, ''Diablo'' was based in the [[Panama Canal Zone]] participating in [[Naval exercise|fleet exercises]] and rendering services to surface units in the [[Caribbean Sea]].<ref name="Register" /> From 23 August to 2 October 1947, she joined the submarines {{USS|Cutlass|SS-478|2}} and {{USS|Conger|SS-477|2}} for a simulated war patrol down the west coast of South America and around [[Tierra del Fuego]].<ref name="FriedmanSubs1-specs" /> The three submarines called at [[Valparaíso]], Chile, in September while homeward bound. ''Diablo'' sailed to [[Key West, Florida|Key West]], [[Florida]], for [[antisubmarine warfare]] exercises, from 16 November to 9 December 1947, and operated from [[New Orleans, Louisiana|New Orleans]], [[Louisiana]], for the training of naval reservists in March 1948.<ref name="FriedmanSubs1-specs" />

''Diablo'' arrived at [[Naval Station Norfolk]] in [[Norfolk, Virginia|Virginia]], her new home port, on 5 June 1949, and participated in Operation Convex in 1951, and alternated training cruises with duty at the Sonar School at Key West.<ref name="FriedmanSubs1-dates" /> Her homeport became New London in 1952 and she arrived there 17 September to provide training facilities for the Submarine School.<ref name="Hull Number"/>

From 3 May to 1 June 1954, she was attached to the Operational Development Force at Key West for tests of new weapons and equipment.<ref name="Hull Number"/> She participated in Operation Springboard in the Caribbean from 21 February to 28 March 1955, and continued to alternate service with the Submarine School with antisubmarine warfare and fleet exercises in the Caribbean and off [[Bermuda]], as well as rendering services to the Fleet Sonar School and Operational Development Force at Key West.<ref name="TogetherWeServed -" /> Between February and April 1959, she cruised through the [[Panama Canal]] along the coasts of Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Chile for exercises with South American navies.<ref name="Hull Number"/> On 27 May 1960, she entered [[Philadelphia Naval Shipyard]] for an overhaul which continued until October 1960.<ref name="USS Diablo SS-497" />

In 1962 her [[hull classification symbol]] was changed to '''AGSS-479'''.<ref name="Register" />

''Diablo'' was decommissioned on 1 June 1964 and was commissioned in the Pakistani Navy the same day.

===Awards===
*[[Asiatic-Pacific Campaign Medal]]
*[[World War II Victory Medal]]
*[[National Defense Service Medal]] with star

==Service with Pakistan Navy==
{{Main|Greater Underwater Propulsion Power Program|Pakistan–United States military relations}}

[[File:USS Diablo (SS-479) in Cape Cod Canal.jpg|thumb|left|USS ''Diablo''{{'}}s [[sea trial]] in the [[Cape Cod Canal]] in 1945]]

The procurement and acquisition of ''Ghazi'' was a result of lengthy and complicated negotiation between the administrations of [[Government of Pakistan|Pakistan]] and the [[Federal government of the United States|United States]].{{rp|57–60}}<ref name="Lancer Publishers, Goldrick">{{cite book|last1=Goldrick|first1=James|title=No Easy Answers: The Development of the Navies of India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, and Sri Lanka, 1945–1996|publisher=Lancer Publishers|isbn=978-1-897829-02-8|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6XW7kKHQeQoC&q=ghazi&pg=PA83|access-date=19 November 2016|language=en|year=1997}}</ref>
Since the 1950s the Pakistan Navy had been seeking to procure imported submarines, initially negotiating with the [[Royal Navy]] and subsequently also with the United States Navy.{{rp|58}}<ref name="Lancer Publishers, Goldrick"/>

With [[President Ayub Khan|Ayub administration]] improving relations with the [[Eisenhower Administration|Eisenhower administration]] in 1960, ''Ghazi'' was finally procured under the [[Security Assistance Program]] (SAP) authorized by the [[Kennedy administration]] on a four-year lease with an option of renewing or purchasing the submarine afterwards in 1963.<ref name="wwiiafterwwii" /><ref name="defencejournal.com">{{cite web|last1=Tasnim|first1=Vice-Admiral Ahmed|title=Remembering Our Warriors – Vice Admiral Tasneem|url=http://www.defencejournal.com/2001/may/tasneem.htm|website=www.defencejournal.com|publisher=Vice Admiral A. Tasnim, Defence Journal|access-date=17 November 2016|language=en|date=May 2001|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170510114649/http://www.defencejournal.com/2001/may/tasneem.htm|archive-date=2017-05-10|url-status=live}}</ref>

''Ghazi'' was the first submarine to be operated by a Navy in [[South Asia]], becoming a serious threat to the Indian Navy.<ref name="Lancer Publishers, Goldrick"/><ref name="Routledge, Dittmer">{{cite book|last1=Dittmer|first1=Lowell|title=South Asia's Nuclear Security Dilemma: India, Pakistan, and China: India, Pakistan, and China|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-317-45955-2|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=X2PxBwAAQBAJ&q=ghazi+first+submarine&pg=PT105|access-date=19 November 2016|language=en|date=8 April 2015}}</ref>{{rp|60}} Contrary to popular perception, ''Ghazi'' technological feats were downgraded and extensively refitted its [[Fleet Snorkel]] under the [[Greater Underwater Propulsion Power Program|Guppy program]] of the [[United States Navy|U.S. Navy]] at the [[Philadelphia Naval Shipyard|Philadelphia Naval Dockyard]], and was mostly unmodernized when she joined the services of Pakistan Navy.{{rp|61}}<ref name="Lancer Publishers, Goldrick"/> Naval historians had described ''Ghazi'' as an unarmed "clockwork mouse" used for training purposes.{{rp|61}}<ref name="Northern Book Centre, Sagar"/><ref name="Lancer Publishers, Goldrick"/>{{rp|135–136}} Nonetheless, the Indian Navy immediately was under the impression that it was militarized and an updated submarine that posed a serious threat.{{rp|59}}<ref name="Lancer Publishers, Goldrick"/>

She was fitted with 14 vintage [[Mark 14 torpedo|Mark-14]] torpedoes which had the [[Mark 14 torpedo#Problems|controversy and notoriety]] of its own during [[World War II]].<ref name="wwiiafterwwii" /> On 4 September 1964 she arrived at the [[Karachi Naval Dockyard|Naval Dockyard]] in [[Karachi]] and joined the Navy as its first long-range [[Fast attack Submarine|fast-attack]] submarine.<ref name="PakDef Military Consortium">{{cite web|last1=Usman|first1=Tariq|title=The Ghazi That Defied The Indian Navy «|url=http://pakdef.org/the-ghazi-that-defied-the-indian-navy/|website=pakdef.org|publisher=PakDef Military Consortium|access-date=19 November 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170308223346/http://pakdef.org/the-ghazi-that-defied-the-indian-navy/|archive-date=8 March 2017}}</ref> She was named and designated as ''Ghazi'' (lit. Holiest Warrior) by the Pakistan Navy in 1964.{{rp|136}}<ref name="Northern Book Centre, Sagar"/>

===Western Front of the Indo-Pakistani war of 1965===
{{Main|Indo-Pakistani War of 1965#Naval hostilities|l1 = Naval operations in the 1965 Indo-Pakistani war theatre}}

On 5 August 1965 [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1965|war]] broke out between [[India and Pakistan]] as a result of a [[Operation Gibraltar|covert infiltration]] in [[Indian-held Kashmir|Indian Kashmir]]. ''Ghazi'', was at that time under command of then-[[Commander (naval)|Commander]] [[Karamat Rahman Niazi]], who would later ascend as a [[Four star admiral|four-star]] admiral in the Navy.<ref name="PakDef Military Consortium" /> Other officers who served in ''Ghazi'' were then-[[Lieutenant-Commander]] [[Ahmed Tasnim]] (later promoted as [[Vice admiral|Vice-Admiral]]), [[Sub-lieutenant|Sub-Lieutenant]] [[Fasih Bokhari]], and [[Lieutenant (naval)|Lieutenant]] [[Zafar Muhammad Khan|Zafar Muhammad]] who would later command her, as a Commander, in 1971.<ref name="Roli Books Private Limited">{{cite book|last1=Cardozo|first1=Major General Ian|title=The Sinking of INS Khukri: Survivor's Stories|publisher=Roli Books Private Limited|isbn=978-93-5194-099-9|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xvs_CgAAQBAJ&q=Ahmed+Tasnim+ghazi&pg=PT28|access-date=19 November 2016|language=en|date=December 2006}}</ref>

Notable [[Naval Officer]]s of ''Ghazi'' in [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1965|1965]] included:
** [[Commander (rank)|Cdr.]] [[Karamat Rahman Niazi|K. R. Nyazi]]– [[Commanding officer|Ofc–in–chrg.]] of ''Ghazi''.
** [[Lieutenant-Commander|Lt-Cdr.]] [[Ahmed Tasnim]]–[[Second-in-command|2nd-in-Cmd.]] of ''Ghazi''
** [[Lieutenant-Commander|Lt-Cdr.]] [[Habib Ahmad]]-[[Electrical Officer]] of ''Ghazi''
** [[Lieutenant (naval)|Lt.]] [[Zafar Muhammad Khan|Z.M. Khan]]– Chief [[Navigation officer]] in ''Ghazi''
** [[Sub-lieutenant|S-Lt.]] [[Fasih Bokhari]]–then [[Mark 14 torpedo|Torpedo officer]] in ''Ghazi''

She was the only submarine in the conflict arena that was deployed in the [[Indo-Pakistani war of 1965|war theatre]], with a mission scope of attacking only heavy and major warships of the [[Indian Navy]].<ref name="Roy1995">{{cite book|last=Roy|first=Mihir K.|title=War in the Indian Ocean|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Tqr8r7EB18wC&pg=PA118|access-date=8 November 2011|year=1995|publisher=Lancer Publishers|isbn=978-1-897829-11-0|pages=83–85}}</ref> She only aided the [[Tactical formation|tactical task force]] under the command of [[Commodore (rank)|Commodore]] [[S. M. Anwar|S.M. Anwar]] that launched a [[Operation Dwarka|naval artillery battery]] on the Indian Air Force's radar station in [[Dwarka]], [[Gujarat, India|Gujarat]], India.<ref name="PakDef Military Consortium" /> She was also seeking {{INS|Vikrant|1961|6}}, the only [[aircraft carrier]], but did not detect her target during the entire conflict.<ref name="wwiiafterwwii" /> On 9 September 1965 [[Leopard-class frigate|INS ''Beas'']] made an unsuccessful [[depth charge]] attack in an attempt to make a contact with ''Ghazi''.<ref name="wwiiafterwwii" />

On 17 September 1965 ''Ghazi'' made a surface contact and identified [[Leopard-class frigate|INS ''Brahmaputra'']] and fired three [[World War II]]-era Mark 14 torpedoes and increased depth to evade counterattack.<ref name="wwiiafterwwii" /> According to submarine [[War diary|war logs]] three distinct [[explosion]]s were heard at about the time when the torpedoes should have impacted but ''Brahmaputra'' was not sunk, neither had it been hit since the warship did not release depth charges nor had it detected the [[Sonar|Sonar Emissions]] of the Ghazi.<ref name="wwiiafterwwii" /> No ships were sunk or damaged in the area and ''Ghazi'' safely reported back to base.<ref name="wwiiafterwwii" />

Upon her return she won ten war awards including two decorations of ''[[Sitara-e-Jurat]]'', one ''[[Tamgha-i-Jurat]]'' and the [[Pride of Performance|President's citations]] and six [[Imtiazi Sanad]]s while her commander, Cdr. K.R. Niazi was decorated with the Sitara-e-Jurat and [[chief petty officer]]s were decorated with the Tamgha-i-Jurat.<ref name="PakDef Military Consortium" /><ref name="Roli Books Private Limited"/> It is not known what ''Ghazi''{{'}}s target was or what the three mysterious explosions were since no inquiry report was ever submitted.<ref name="wwiiafterwwii" />

After the war in 1965–66 an arms embargo was placed on both India and Pakistan, but was later waived by the United States, strictly based on the [[Cash and carry (wholesale)|cash and carry]] method as ''Ghazi'' badly needing refitting.<ref name="wwiiafterwwii" /> In 1967 the Navy applied to renew another four-year lease deal which was duly approved by the U.S. Navy and the U.S. Government but her material state and equipment continued to deteriorate.{{rp|108}}<ref name="Lancer Publishers, Hiranandani"/> The Navy then signed a deal with the [[Turkish Navy]] for a [[refit]] and [[mid-life update]] that was to be carried out at Gölcük in Turkey – the only facility to update the ''Tench''-class submarines.<ref name="wwiiafterwwii" />

Because of the [[Six-Day War]] in the [[Middle East]] the [[Suez Canal]] was closed due to the [[Egyptian Navy]]'s [[Naval blockade|blockage]] in 1967, ''Ghazi'', under the command of Commander [[Ahmed Tasnim]], had to execute a submerged [[circumnavigation]] in 1968 from Africa to [[Western Europe]], which began from [[Karachi coast]] to [[Cape of Good Hope]], South Africa and then through the [[Atlantic Ocean]]. It ended at the east coast of the [[Sea of Marmara]] where the [[Gölcük Naval Shipyard]] is located.{{rp|108}}<ref name="wwiiafterwwii" /><ref name="Lancer Publishers, Hiranandani"/><ref name="defencejournal.com"/> [[Chief of Naval Staff (Pakistan)|Chief of Naval Staff]] Admiral [[Syed Mohammad Ahsan|S.M. Ahsan]] had arranged necessary refitting of ''Ghazi''{{'}}s [[computer]]s at the [[Karachi Shipyard|Karachi Shipyard & Engineering Works]] (KSEW) with help of the local industry such as [[DESTO (Pakistan)|DESTO]].<ref name="defencejournal.com"/>

During her submerged circumnavigation voyage she briefly stopped at [[Mombasa]], Kenya for refueling and, in [[Maputo]], Mozambique before making a farewell visit at [[Simon's Town]], South Africa.<ref name="defencejournal.com"/> After passing the [[Cape of Good Hope]], she made another stopover at [[Luanda]], Angola for victualing and continued her journey towards Western Europe to stopover at [[Toulon]], France, where she was greeted by the [[French Navy]].<ref name="defencejournal.com"/> Her final stopover was at [[İzmir]] in Turkey and she continued submerged through the east coast of the [[Sea of Marmara]] to dock at the [[Gölcük Naval Shipyard]], which was the only facility to upgrade the ''Tench''-class based computers and other [[Electromechanical Engineering|electromechanical]] equipment.<ref name="defencejournal.com"/> It took her two months to complete her circumnavigation of Africa and Europe.<ref name="defencejournal.com"/>

Refitting and [[Mid-life update|mid-life]] upgrading of her [[military computer]]s reportedly cost ~[[United States Dollar|$]]1.5 million ([[US$|$]]11.1 million in [[Fiscal year|2015–16]]).<ref name="wwiiafterwwii" /> The program started in March 1968 and completed in April 1970 and it is believed that the U.S-made ill-fitted World War II era Mk.14/[[Mark 10 torpedo|Mk.10]] [[naval mine]]s were bought "[[Corruption in Turkey|secretly]]" from Turkey.<ref name="wwiiafterwwii" />

===Eastern Front of Indo-Pakistani war of 1971===
{{Main|Indo-Pakistani Naval War of 1971#Naval operations in the Eastern theatre|l1 = Naval operations in the Eastern theatre}}

Under the command of [[Lieutenant-Commander]] Yousaf Raza, ''Ghazi'' returned to [[Karachi coast]] after successfully completing the submerged circumnavigation of Africa which was taken in order to undergo a refitting program and mid-life updates of her military computers on 2 April 1970.{{rp|108}}<ref name="Lancer Publishers, Hiranandani" /><ref name="defencejournal.com" />

In August 1971 the Indian Navy transferred [[INS Vikrant (1961)|INS ''Vikrant'']], its aircraft carrier, to the [[Eastern Naval Command]] in [[Visakhapatnam]], which forced the Pakistan Navy to adjust its submarine operations.<ref name="wwiiafterwwii" /> Before 1971 there were several proposals made to the Ayub administration to strengthen the naval defence of [[East Pakistan]], but none were made feasible and the Navy was in no position to mount a defence against approaching Indian naval advances.<ref name="PakDef Military Consortium" /> After the [[Operation Jackpot|defection]] of Pakistan Navy's Bengali officers and sailors to India, the [[Pakistan Eastern Command|Eastern Command (Pakistan)]] was under intense pressure to counter the insurgency and the advance of the Indian Army towards East Pakistan on three fronts.<ref name="PakDef Military Consortium" /> The [[Yahya Khan|Yahya administration]] insisted the Navy attempt to reinforce the naval defence of the East while the [[NHQ (Pakistan Navy)|Navy NHQ]] objected to the idea of deploying ''Ghazi'' in the total absence of a seaport, straying away from their original plan.<ref name="PakDef Military Consortium" /> Many senior commanders had felt that the deployment of ''Ghazi'' was highly dangerous and impossible to achieve by sending the obsolete submarine behind enemy lines but deployment came when it became apparent that war was inevitable.<ref name="PakDef Military Consortium" />

Prior to her deployment ''Ghazi'' continued to experience equipment failures and reportedly had aging issues. Since it was the only submarine of the Pakistan Navy and had the range and capability to undertake operations in the distant waters controlled by India, ''Ghazi'' was pressed into operation to destroy or damage ''Vikrant''.<ref name="autogenerated179">Till, Geoffrey (2004). Seapower: a guide for the twenty-first century. Great Britain: Frank Cass Publishers. p. 179. {{ISBN|0-7146-8436-8}}. Retrieved 2010-05-28.</ref> On 14 November 1971 she quietly sailed {{convert|3,000|mi|km}} around the Indian peninsula from the [[Arabian Sea]] to the Bay of Bengal under the command of Zafar Muhammad, who commanded a submarine for the first time, with 10 officers and 82 sailors.<ref name="wwiiafterwwii" /><ref name="PakDef Military Consortium" /> ''Ghazi'' was on a two-fold mission: the primary goal was to [[Seek and destroy|locate and sink]] ''Vikrant'' and secondary was to mine India's eastern seaboard, which was to be fulfilled irrespective of the accomplishment of the first.<ref name="wwiiafterwwii" />

Another problem faced by PNS Ghazi was the poor conditions of maintenance facilities at [[Chittagong]] port in [[East Pakistan]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/nation-world/real-story-of-submarine-pns-ghazi-and-the-mystery-behind-its-sinking/many-objections/slideshow/56085882.cms|title=Real story of submarine PNS Ghazi and the mystery behind its sinking - Looking back|access-date=22 April 2024|archive-date=5 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231205123256/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/nation-world/real-story-of-submarine-pns-ghazi-and-the-mystery-behind-its-sinking/many-objections/slideshow/56085882.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Fate==
The sinking of ''Ghazi'' took place on 4 December 1971 during its hunt to find ''Vikrant'' and/or during the minelaying mission on the [[Visakhapatnam Port]], Bay of Bengal.<ref name="autogenerated179"/> The cause of the sinking is still unknown, and Indian and Pakistani sources have different views.

On 16 November, she was in contact with the Navy NHQ and Commander Khan charted the [[Coordinate system|coordinates]] that reported that she was {{convert|400|km|mi}} off [[Bombay]].{{rp|82}}<ref name="Beacon Press, Zakaria">{{cite book|last1=Zakaria|first1=Rafia|title=The Upstairs Wife: An Intimate History of Pakistan|publisher=Beacon Press|isbn=978-0-8070-8046-7|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=C7DaCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA82|access-date=20 November 2016|language=en|year=2016}}</ref> On 19 November, she was off to [[Sri Lanka]] and entered the Bay of Bengal on 20 November 1971.{{rp|82}}<ref name="Beacon Press, Zakaria"/> Around this time, the [[Top Secret]] files were opened as instructed and the hunt for INS ''Vikrant'' began on 23 November and PNS ''Ghazi'' was off to [[Madras]] where reportedly the Indian aircraft carrier was stationed, but she was 10 days late and INS ''Vikrant'' was now actually somewhere near the [[Andaman Islands]].{{rp|82}}<ref name="Beacon Press, Zakaria"/><ref>{{cite book|title=In Quest of Freedom: The War of 1971 – Personal Accounts by Soldiers from India and Bangladesh|publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing|isbn=978-93-86141-66-8|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=I0r2DAAAQBAJ&q=PNS+Ghazi+INS+vikrant+island&pg=PT285|access-date=20 November 2016|language=en|date=22 August 2016}}</ref> Unable to detect her target, PNS ''Ghazi''{{'}}s commanders became disillusioned about their hunt for ''Vikrant'' and turned back to Visakhapatnam to start laying mines off the harbour with a confidence that it would take a swipe at INS ''Vikrant'' or at least bottle up the Indian Navy's heavy units clustered in this major Indian naval base on the night of 2–3 December 1971."<ref name="PakDef Military Consortium" />

On 1 December 1971, [[Vice Admiral]] [[Nilakanta Krishnan]] briefed Captain Inder Singh, the commanding officer of {{INS|Rajput|1942|6}}, that a Pakistani submarine had been sighted off the Sri Lankan coast and was absolutely certain that the submarine would be somewhere around Madras or Visakhapatnam.<ref name="br" /> He made it clear that once INS ''Rajput'' had completed refueling, she must leave the harbor with all navigational aids switched off.<ref name="br" />

According to Indian claims at 23:40 on 3 December 1971, taking on board a pilot, INS ''Rajput'' moved through the channel to the exit from Visakhapatnam.<ref name="br" /><ref name="al" />

At midnight, shortly after passing the entrance buoy, the starboard lookout reported a breaker on the surface of the water right on the nose. According to the Indian Navy's claims, Captain Singh changed the course at full speed across the specified point and ordered to drop two depth charges, which was done.<ref name="br" /> The explosions were "stunning", and ''Rajput'' suffered a serious material concussion to its structure. However, visible results of this attack are not given.<ref name="br" /> INS ''Rajput'' for some time surveyed the area dropping depth charges, but did not regain contact — either visual or acoustic. A few minutes later the destroyer continued her way to the coast of [[East Pakistan]] (now [[Bangladesh]]).<ref name="br" /><ref name="al" />

On the night of 3–4 December 1971, ''Ghazi'' sank with all 93 servicemen on board (11 officers and 82 enlisted<ref name="PNS/M Ghazi: Officers and Enlisted">{{cite web |title=PNS/M Ghazi: Officers and Enlisted |url=http://pakdef.org/pnsm-ghazi/ |website=pakdef.org |access-date=7 September 2018 |archive-date=7 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180907221355/http://pakdef.org/pnsm-ghazi/ }}</ref>){{rp|157}}<ref name="autogenerated179"/><ref name="Psychology Press, Till"/> off the Visakhapatnam coast, allowing the Indian Navy to effect a naval blockade of East Pakistan.{{rp|157}}<ref name="Psychology Press, Till">{{cite book|last1=Till|first1=Geoffrey|title=Seapower: A Guide for the Twenty-first Century|publisher=Psychology Press|isbn=978-0-7146-5542-0|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vQVQ_dTVVzwC&q=pns+ghazi+lost&pg=PA157|access-date=20 November 2016|language=en|year=2004}}</ref>

===Intelligence and deception===
{{See also|Military deception}}
According to [[Directorate of Naval Intelligence (India)|Indian DNI]]'s director Rear-Admiral Mihir K. Roy, ''Ghazi''{{'}}s existence was revealed when a signal addressed to naval authorities in [[Chittagong]] was intercepted, requesting information on a lubrication oil only used by submarines and [[minesweeper]]s.<ref name="autogenerated179"/><ref name="roy">Mihir K. Roy (1995) War in the Indian Ocean, Spantech & Lancer. {{ISBN|978-1-897829-11-0}}</ref>

Indian Navy intelligence tracked ''Ghazi'' with a codename issued as ''[[Kali Devi]]'',<ref name="Defence Journal, Azam"/> and the Indian Navy began to realize that the Pakistanis would inevitably be forced to send their submarine ''Ghazi'' to the Bay of Bengal, as the sole ship which could operate in these waters.<ref name="Defence Journal, Azam">{{cite web|last1=Khan|first1=Commander Azam|title=Maritime Awareness and Pakistan Navy|url=http://www.defencejournal.com/2000/mar/maritime.htm|website=www.defencejournal.com|publisher=Defence Journal, Azam|access-date=20 November 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160309235258/http://www.defencejournal.com/2000/mar/maritime.htm|archive-date=2016-03-09|url-status=live}}</ref>

Vice Admiral [[Nilakanta Krishnan]] of the [[Eastern Naval Command]] had maintained that it was clear that Pakistan would have deployed ''Ghazi'' in the Bay of Bengal and a part of its plan was an attempt to sink the Indian aircraft carrier ''Vikrant''.<ref name="wwiiafterwwii" /> At the same time concerted action was taken to disseminate [[misinformation]] designed to mislead the enemy about the true location of the aircraft carrier, and to foster confidence that the carrier was stationed at Visakhapatnam.<ref name="wwiiafterwwii" /><ref name="br">{{cite web |url=http://www.bharat-rakshak.com/MONITOR/ISSUE4-2/harry.html |title=Bharat Rakshak Monitor: Volume 4(2) September–October 2001 |publisher=Bharat-rakshak.com |access-date=2011-12-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111128104709/http://www.bharat-rakshak.com/MONITOR/ISSUE4-2/harry.html |archive-date=2011-11-28 }}</ref> In particular the [[HMS Rotherham|D 41 Rajput]] was instructed to move from Vishakhapatnam to Madras, sending signals as if it were the ''Vikrant''.

All these activities were apparently successful in deceiving ''Ghazi'' when on 25 November 1971, the Navy NHQ [[Communication with submarines|communicated]] with ''Ghazi'' that stated: "Intel indicates carrier in port".<ref name="al">{{cite web |url=http://www.almanacwhf.ru/?no=4&art=6 |title=Войны, история, факты. Альманах |publisher=Almanacwhf.ru |access-date=2011-12-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120201171113/http://www.almanacwhf.ru/?no=4&art=6 |archive-date=2012-02-01 }}</ref>

==Aftermath==
On 26 November 1971, ''Ghazi'' was expected to communicate with the Navy NHQ to submit its mission report but did not communicate with its base.<ref name="Usman Shabbir, loss of Ghazi">{{cite web|last1=Shabbir|first1=Usman|title=Operations in the Bay of Bengal: The Loss of PNS/M Ghazi« PakDef Military Consortium|url=http://pakdef.org/operations-in-the-bay-of-bengal/|website=pakdef.org|publisher=Usman Shabbir, loss of Ghazi|access-date=22 November 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170220073143/http://pakdef.org/operations-in-the-bay-of-bengal/|archive-date=20 February 2017}}</ref> The Navy NHQ repeatedly made frantic efforts to establish the communication and anxiety grew as days passed for her return to the base.<ref name="Usman Shabbir, loss of Ghazi"/> Before the [[Indo-Pakistani Naval War of 1971|naval hostilities]] broke out, commanding officers had started worrying about ''Ghazi''{{'}}s fate but the Navy NHQ senior command had replied to their junior officers that several reasons could be attributed to the failure of the submarine to communicate.<ref name="Usman Shabbir, loss of Ghazi"/>

On 9 December, the Indian Navy issued a statement about the fate of ''Ghazi.'' The first indication of ''Ghazi''{{'}}s fate came when a message from the Indian NHQ, claiming sinking of ''Ghazi'' on the night of 3 December, was intercepted.<ref name="Usman Shabbir, loss of Ghazi"/> The Indian NHQ issued the statement a few hours before the loss of {{INS|Khukri|1958|6}}, and prior to launch of [[Operation Python|second missile attack]] on Karachi port.<ref name="Usman Shabbir, loss of Ghazi"/>

===Indian version===
After the [[Simla Agreement|ceasefire]] in 1971, the [[Government of India]] undertook an investigation into the incident and immediately claimed that the submarine was sunk following the series of manoeuvres by the Indian Navy.<ref name="Usman Shabbir, loss of Ghazi"/> A submarine rescue vessel, INS ''Karanj'' was sent to check the debris and India later built a "[[Victory at Sea Memorial]]" on the coast near where ''Ghazi'' was sunk.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://vizag.metromela.com/Victory+at+Sea,+a+war+memorial/article/3984|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100420041733/http://vizag.metromela.com/Victory+at+Sea,+a+war+memorial/article/3984|archive-date=2010-04-20|title=Victory at Sea memorial at Vizag}}</ref> India credits the [[HMS Rotherham (H09)|INS ''Rajput'']] for sinking ''Ghazi'' and her crew were honored with [[Awards and Decorations of the Indian Armed Forces|gallantry awards]] for this event, but the actual details of ''Ghazi''{{'}}s sinking became unclear, as new narratives soon began to emerge after the war.<ref name="Register" />

The claim of sinking ''Ghazi'' has been the centre of controversy between the Indian authors, giving doubts in their theories of mysterious sinking of the submarine.<ref name="Usman Shabbir, loss of Ghazi"/> With Commodore Ranjit Roy testifying that "very loud explosion effects were heard at the beach that came from underwater."<ref name="Usman Shabbir, loss of Ghazi" /> Commodore Roy also concluded that "...at that time, how the ''Ghazi'' was sunk remained unclear as it does today."<ref name="Usman Shabbir, loss of Ghazi" />

The official history of the Indian Navy, ''Transition to Triumph'', authored by retired Vice-Admiral [[Gulab Mohanlal Hiranandani|G.M. Hiranandani]], gave an exhaustive account of the sinking of ''Ghazi''. He quoted naval records and top naval officials who commanded operations on the eastern seafront as saying that INS ''Rajput'' was sent from Visakhapatnam to track down ''Ghazi''. The book also noted that the time of dropping of the charges, the explosion which was heard by the people of Visakhapatnam and that of a clock recovered from ''Ghazi'', matched.<ref>Vice-Admiral (Retd) G M Hiranandani, ''Transition to Triumph: Indian Navy 1965–1975''. {{ISBN|1-897829-72-8}}</ref> However, Admiral Hiranandani maintained that the submarine almost certainly suffered an internal explosion but its causes are debatable.<ref name="India Today, 2003" />

Admiral Roy of India stated: "The theories propounded earlier by some who were unaware of the ''[[ruse de guerre]]'' (attempt to fool the enemy in wartime) leading to the sinking of the first submarine in the Indian Ocean gave rise to smirks from within our own (Indian) naval service for an operation which instead merited a ''[[Bravo Zulu]]'' (flag hoist for Well Done)".<ref name="roy" />

Admiral [[S.M. Nanda|S. M. Nanda]], [[Chief of Naval Staff (India)|Chief of Naval Staff]] of the Indian Navy during the conflict, stated : "In narrow channels, ships, during an emergency or war, always throw depth charges around them to deter submarines. One of them probably hit the ''Ghazi''. The blow-up was there, but nobody knew what it was all about until the fisherman found the life jacket".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rediff.com/news/2007/jan/22inter.htm|title=The Rediff Interview/Admiral S M Nanda (retd) 'Does the US want war with India?'|last=Sengupta|first=Ramananda|date=22 January 2007|work=Interview|publisher=Rediff|access-date=26 March 2010|location=India|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101025190541/http://www.rediff.com/news/2007/jan/22inter.htm|archive-date=2010-10-25|url-status=live}}</ref>

In 2003, the Indian Navy again sent its divers to overlook its investigation and the divers recovered some items including the [[War diary|war logs]], official [[Backup validation|backup]] tapes from her computers, and mission files that were sent to the [[Eastern Naval Command]] of the Indian Navy. The divers who studied the wreckage confirmed that the submarine must have suffered an internal explosion which blew up its mines and torpedoes.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2002/20020721/spectrum/main2.htm |title=Naval museums give glimpse of maritime history |author=Trilochan Singh Trewn |date=21 July 2002 |work=The Tribune |access-date=16 May 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930061104/http://www.tribuneindia.com/2002/20020721/spectrum/main2.htm |archive-date=2007-09-30 |url-status=live }}</ref> Another theory suggests an explosion of [[hydrogen gas]] which built up inside the submarine while its batteries were being charged underwater.<ref name="India Today, 2003" />

In 2010, [[Lieutenant-General]] [[J. F. R. Jacob]] of [[Eastern Command (India)|Eastern Command]] mentioned in an article that "''Ghazi'' was destroyed in an accident in which [[Indian Navy]] was not involved. There were many opinions from authors of the Indian side who also shared this scepticism of the Indian Navy's official stance."<ref name="The Express Tribune, 2012 Mulki">{{cite news|last1=Mulki|first1=Muhammad Abid|title=Warriors of the waves|url=http://tribune.com.pk/story/383024/warriors-of-the-waves/|access-date=23 November 2016|work=The Express Tribune|location=Pakistan |publisher=The Express Tribune |date=27 May 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161124024723/http://tribune.com.pk/story/383024/warriors-of-the-waves/|archive-date=2016-11-24|url-status=live}}</ref> Jacob also stated in the article that the Indian Navy had no information about the sinking of ''Ghazi'' until they were informed by the local fishermen the next day.<ref name="defenceupdate.in"/>

In 2010, it was reported that the Indian Navy had destroyed all records of the sinking of the submarine ''Ghazi''.<ref name="Warriors of the waves"/><ref name="The Economic Times"/><ref name="defenceupdate.in"/> Vice Admiral [[Gulab Mohanlal Hiranandani|G.M. Hiranandani]], who was tasked with writing the official history of the navy, said that he was unable to obtain any old files regarding ''Ghazi'' sinking.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Now-no-record-of-Navy-sinking-Pakistani-submarine-in-1971/articleshow/5919209.cms|title = Now, no record of Navy sinking Pakistani submarine in 1971 | India News - Times of India| website=[[The Times of India]] | date=12 May 2010 }}</ref> One of the retired navy officers who saw action in 1971 said that the destruction of the ''Ghazi'' papers and those of the army in [[Kolkata]] depicts the many instances when Indian war history has been deliberately falsified. He further stated that 'We have enough heroes. In the fog of war, many myths and false heroes may have been created and many honest ones left unsung'.<ref name="TOI History"/>

In 2011, former Indian naval chief Admiral [[Arun Prakash]] quoted in the national security conference that [''Ghazi''] had sunk under mysterious circumstances, "not by INS ''Rajput'' as originally claimed."<ref name="News X">{{cite news|title=Ghazi sank due to internal explosion: Ex-Navy Chief|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uGztly-lEvg|access-date=23 November 2016|agency=News X|publisher=News X|date=14 September 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160618173007/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uGztly-lEvg|archive-date=2016-06-18|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>[https://indianexpress.com/article/india/latest-news/in-1971-war-pak-sub-sunk-for-unknown-reasonsexnavy-chief/ In 1971 war, Pak Sub sunk for 'unknown reasons': Ex-Navy chief] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210602214741/https://indianexpress.com/article/india/latest-news/in-1971-war-pak-sub-sunk-for-unknown-reasonsexnavy-chief/ |date=2 June 2021 }} - Indian Express</ref> Parkash later published an article in Indian media in 2021 in which he stated that PNS ''Ghazi'' sank due to an internal explosion.<ref>[https://m.thewire.in/article/security/1971-series-indian-navy-bangladesh-war-stellar-role-arun-prakash From Karachi To Bay of Bengal, How the Indian Navy Played a Stellar Role in the 1971 War] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210602214510/https://m.thewire.in/article/security/1971-series-indian-navy-bangladesh-war-stellar-role-arun-prakash |date=2 June 2021 }} - The Wire</ref>

===Pakistani military oversights===
{{Main|High-test peroxide|Nickel–hydrogen battery|Endothermic process}}

[[File:Mark 14 torpedo side view and interior mechanisms, Torpedoes Mark 14 and 23 Types, OP 635, March 24 1945.jpg|thumb|The sideview of [[Mark 14 torpedo|Mk.14]] torpedoes deployed in ''Ghazi'']]
In 1972, the [[Hamoodur Rahman Commission]] (HRC) never carried out an investigation into this incident despite its formation to assess the [[Instrument of Surrender (1971)|military and political failures]] of the country in the [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1971|war]] of 1971.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.pppusa.org/Acrobat/Hamoodur%20Rahman%20Commission%20Report.pdf |title=Hamoodur Rahman Commission Report |access-date=2013-07-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120304011310/http://www.pppusa.org/Acrobat/Hamoodur%20Rahman%20Commission%20Report.pdf |archive-date=2012-03-04 }}</ref>

It was only on 10 February 1972, when the incident was officially recognised by the [[Government of Pakistan]] and then-[[President of Pakistan|President]] [[Zulfikar Ali Bhutto|Zulfikar Bhutto]] met with the [[Grief|grieving]] families and loved ones of the officers and sailors who served in ''Ghazi'', and told them that they may have all perished due to this incident as many of the slain family members were [[Transfer of Population Under the Terms of Delhi Agreement|pushing for repatriation]] to the [[Government of Pakistan]] as they were keeping the hope alive that they may have survived and rescued by India.<ref name="Usman Shabbir, loss of Ghazi" />

The [[Naval Intelligence (Pakistan)|Naval Intelligence]] conducted its own investigations and its military oversights stated that ''Ghazi'' sank, when the mines it was laying, were accidentally detonated.<ref name="Navy ISPR Investigations">{{cite web|last1=Navy ISPR|title=Pakistan Navy Official Website|url=http://www.paknavy.gov.pk/submarine_Force.html|website=www.paknavy.gov.pk|publisher=Navy ISPR Investigations|access-date=22 November 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161123002402/http://www.paknavy.gov.pk/submarine_Force.html|archive-date=23 November 2016}}</ref> Pakistani military oversights into this incident were not immediate. Instead, the Naval Intelligence took time to conclude its investigations that went on for several years.<ref name="wwiiafterwwii" /> Over the decades, the military oversights were kept hidden and were not known to the public until [[:Category:1990s in Pakistan|1990s]] when the Navy made an announcement over the completion of its insights into this incident.<ref name="wwiiafterwwii" /><ref name="PakDef Military Consortium" /> Following this announcement, Pakistan addressed the problems connecting the [[Mechatronics|electromechanical]] failures, computer problems, and [[Mark 14 Torpedo|Mk.14]] torpedoes' "circular deep running" once launched from the firing ship.<ref name="wwiiafterwwii" />

Pakistan never accepted the theory from the Indian Navy but provided its alternative insights into this disaster based on the investigations on the [[Mark 14 torpedo#Problems|Mark 14]] torpedoes and other vintage military equipment installed in ''Ghazi''.<ref name="wwiiafterwwii" /> According to the Pakistan Navy's investigation, there were two probable reasons connecting to this [[Mishappenings|mishappening]]:
* *''[[Magnetic pistol|Magnetic exploder]]/[[hydrogen explosion]]'': A [[USS Sargo (SS-188)|''Sargo''-type]] [[lead-acid battery]] may have over-produced [[hydrogen gas]] during the charging of the submarine's batteries that may have led to a violent internal explosion.<ref name="Defence Journal, Azam" />
* *''Detonation of a mine inside the submarine'': This was often cited by the Pakistan Navy as the World War II-era Mk.10/Mk.14 torpedoes may have deep "circular" run, failing to straighten its run once set on its prescribed [[Gyrocompass|gyro-angle setting]], and instead, to run in a large circle, thus returning to strike the firing ship.<ref name="PakDef Military Consortium" /><ref name="Navy ISPR Investigations" /><ref>The event was visualized in telefilm, ''Ghazi Shaheed'' in 1998 during the climax of its script.</ref><ref name="Pakistan Navy">{{cite web|title=PNS Ghazi Shaheed – Last footage|url=http://www.dailymotion.com/video/x2m5wr4|website=Dailymotion|publisher=Pakistan Navy|access-date=23 November 2016|date=9 April 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161123211121/http://www.dailymotion.com/video/x2m5wr4|archive-date=2016-11-23|url-status=live}}</ref>

Another theory from foreign experts, also favoured by Pakistan, is that the [[Explosion|explosive]] [[shock wave]]s from one of the depth charges set off the torpedoes and mines (some of which may have been armed for laying) stored aboard the submarine.<ref name="br" /><ref name="Usman Shabbir, loss of Ghazi" /> The [[Naval Headquarters (Pakistan Navy)|Navy NHQ]] counter-argued: ''Ghazi'' itself may have inadvertently passed over the mines during the mine laying operations; patrolling Indian vessels or Indian depth charges might also have tripped the count mechanism of one or more mines.<ref name="Usman Shabbir, loss of Ghazi" /> Credibility is added to this story by the later discovery made by [[Indian Coast Guard]] divers in 2003, that the damaged parts of the submarine had been blown inside out.<ref name="br" /><ref>Transition to triumph: history of the Indian Navy, 1965–1975 By G. M. Hiranandani</ref>

From information found in the investigation conducted on the cause of the loss of the American submarine [[USS Cochino (SS-345)|USS ''Cochino'']], it is possible that the [[lead-acid battery]] vented explosive [[hydrogen gas]] while charging underwater.<ref name="Craven">{{cite book |last=Craven |first=John |author-link=John Piña Craven |title=The Silent War: The Cold War Battle Beneath the Sea |year=2001 |publisher=Simon & Schuster |location=New York |isbn=0-684-87213-7 |chapter=The Hunt for Red September: A Tale of Two Submarines |pages=[https://archive.org/details/silentwarcoldwar00crav/page/198 198–222] |chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/silentwarcoldwar00crav/page/198 }}</ref>{{rp|215}} Henceforth the hydrogen gas, if not properly vented, could have accumulated into an explosive concentration.<ref name="Craven" />{{rp|215}}

In addition, the [[Naval Intelligence (Pakistan)|NI]]'s investigations also exposed the deployment of ''Ghazi'' when it was indicated that there was no indication that ''Ghazi's'' crew had ever practiced with mines, and most of its crew including its [[commanding officer]] were relatively new to the submarine for the magnitude of this type of deployment.<ref name="wwiiafterwwii" /> As opposed to the [[United States Navy|U.S. Navy]] service which had restricted to the personnel of 81, the ''Ghazi''{{'s}} complement was about 93, the award, [[Sitara-e-Jurat|''Star of Courage'']], acknowledged that were there were 12 extra personnel aboard the boat at the time of its sinking.<ref name="Usman Shabbir, PakDef" /> An increase in the sub's total complement would put a [[Strain (mechanics)|strain]] on the logistical capabilities of a patrol because it reduces its duration.

In 2006, Pakistan, citing their evidences, rejected India's claim of sinking ''Ghazi'' and termed the claims as "false and utterly absurd".<ref name="Times of India, 2006">{{cite news|last1=Staff writer|title=India did not sink Ghazi: Pak commander – Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/India-did-not-sink-Ghazi-Pak-commander/articleshow/914230.cms|access-date=22 November 2016|work=The Times of India|agency=Times of India|publisher=Times of India, 2006|date=24 December 2006|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170404180651/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/India-did-not-sink-Ghazi-Pak-commander/articleshow/914230.cms|archive-date=2017-04-04|url-status=live}}</ref>

===Neutral witnesses and assessments===

An independent testimony stems from an Egyptian naval officer who was at that time serving on an Egyptian submarine which was undergoing refit in the harbour. He has confirmed the occurrence of a powerful explosion in the vicinity of the harbor late at night. There were no naval ships, as reported by this officer, outside the harbor at that time and it was not until about an hour after the explosion that two Indian naval ships were observed leaving harbor.<ref>[https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/sankalp-reddys-the-ghazi-attack-things-to-know-about-the-india-pak-underwater-war/ Sankalp Reddy's 'The Ghazi Attack': Things to know about the India-Pak underwater war] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210602214026/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/sankalp-reddys-the-ghazi-attack-things-to-know-about-the-india-pak-underwater-war/ |date=2 June 2021 }} - Indian Express</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last1=Johnson|first1=Ken|title=PNS Ghazi|journal=Hooter Hilites|issue=December 2007|page=6|url=http://ussseaowl.com/PDFFolder/Newsletter12-2007.pdf|access-date=23 January 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304091200/http://ussseaowl.com/PDFFolder/Newsletter12-2007.pdf|archive-date=2016-03-04|url-status=live}}</ref>

Some independent writers and investigators maintained ''Ghazi'' was sunk mysteriously not by two depth charges alone, ''Ghazi'' may have sunk either by the hydrogen explosion produced when the batteries were charging, or by the detonation of a mine, or either by the sea floor impact while trying to avoid the depth charge released by INS ''Rajput''.<ref name="wwiiafterwwii" /><ref name="India Today, 2003" /><ref name="Defence Journal, Azam" />

In 2012, Pakistani [[Investigative journalism|investigative journalists]] from ''[[The Express Tribune]]'' who were affiliated with the ''[[Express News (Pakistan)|Express News USA]]'' based in [[Washington D.C.]] were able to get in touch with ''Diablo''{{'s}} retired and now-aged former US Navy crew members who were allowed to study the sonar pictures and sketches of the sunken vessel where they believed that: "an explosion in the Forward Torpedo Room (FTR) destroyed the Ghazi."<ref name="The Express Tribune, 2012 Mulki" /> This view is also shared by Indian journalist Sandeep Unnithan, who specializes in military and strategic analysis.<ref name="The Express Tribune, 2012 Mulki" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/the-ghazi-attack-pns-ghazi-ins-vikrant-rajput-india-pakistan-war-961080-2017-02-16|title=The Ghazi Attack: All you need to know about PNS Ghazi|date=16 February 2017|access-date=21 November 2020|archive-date=2 December 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201202182318/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/the-ghazi-attack-pns-ghazi-ins-vikrant-rajput-india-pakistan-war-961080-2017-02-16|url-status=live}}</ref>

===Recovery of sunken vessel===
In 1972, both the United States and the [[Soviet Union]] offered to raise the submarine to the surface at their expense.<ref name=roy /> The Government of India, however, rejected these offers and allowed the submarine to sink further into the mud off the fairway [[buoy]] of Visakhapatnam.<ref name=roy />

In 2003, Indian Navy [[MARCOS|divers]] recovered a few items from the submarine and brought up six bodies of Pakistani servicemen when they blasted their way into the submarine.<ref name="India Today, 2003" /> All six servicemen were given military honorary burial by the Indian Navy. Items recovered were the back-up tapes of the radar computers, war logs, broken [[Porthole|windshield]], top secret files, as well as one of the bodies of a [[petty officer]] [[mechanical engineer]] (POME) who had a wheel spanner tightly grasped in his fist.<ref name="India Today, 2003" /> Another sailor had in his pocket a [[Love letter|letter]] written in [[Urdu]] to his [[fiancée]].<ref name="India Today, 2003" />

In 2003, additional photos were released by the Indian Navy of the vessel.<ref name="India Today, 2003" />

==Legacy==

===In memory===
{{Main|PNS Ghazi (S134)}}

In 1972, ''Ghazi'' and her serving officers as well as crew members were honoured with [[Awards and decorations of the Pakistan Armed Forces|gallantry awards]] by the Government of Pakistan.<ref name="pakdef.org">{{cite web|last1=Shabbir|first1=Usman|title=List of Gallantry Awardees – PN Officers/CPOs/Sailors « PakDef Military Consortium|url=http://pakdef.org/list-of-gallantry-awardees-pn-officerscpossailors/|website=pakdef.org|access-date=20 November 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170810172213/http://pakdef.org/list-of-gallantry-awardees-pn-officerscpossailors/|archive-date=10 August 2017}}</ref><ref name="Navy ISPR">{{cite web|last1=Navy ISPR|title=Untold Stories of PNS Ghazi & PNS Hangor – Video Dailymotion|url=http://www.dailymotion.com/video/x31ojeb|website=Dailymotion|publisher=Navy ISPR|access-date=22 November 2016|date=14 August 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161122075004/http://www.dailymotion.com/video/x31ojeb|archive-date=2016-11-22|url-status=live}}</ref> After the war, [[President of Pakistan|President]] [[Richard Nixon]] forgave the remaining debt of ''Ghazi'' to Pakistan when the U.S. Navy's [[Chief of Naval Operations|CNO]] Admiral [[Elmo Zumwalt]] visited Admiral [[Mohammad Shariff]] in [[Calcutta]] in 1972.{{rp|219–226}}<ref name="roy" /> In addition, she remained the first and to-date the only U.S.-built submarine to have served in the Pakistan Navy, although in successive years, only [[Surface combatant|surface warships]] had been acquired through transfers from the United States as Pakistan worked towards building its own long-range submarines, the [[Agosta 90B class submarine|Agosta 90B]], through a [[technology transfer]] from France.<ref name="Defence Journal, General Lodhi">{{cite web|last1=Lodhi|first1=Lieutenant-General S.F.S.|title=An Agosta Submarine for Pakistan|url=http://www.defencejournal.com/2000/jan/agosta.htm|website=www.defencejournal.com|publisher=Defence Journal, General Lodhi|access-date=22 November 2016|date=January 2000|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303193455/http://www.defencejournal.com/2000/jan/agosta.htm|archive-date=2016-03-03|url-status=live}}</ref>

At the [[Karachi Naval Dockyard|Naval Dockyard]] in [[Karachi]], a 'Ghazi Monument' was built to perpetuate the memory of the submarine and its 93 men.<ref name="Usman Shabbir, PakDef">{{cite web|last1=Shabbir|first1=Usman|title=Their Name Liveth for Ever More « PakDef Military Consortium|url=http://pakdef.org/their-name-liveth-for-ever-more/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180911081756/http://pakdef.org/their-name-liveth-for-ever-more/|archive-date=11 September 2018|website=pakdef.org|publisher=Usman Shabbir, PakDef|access-date=20 November 2016}}</ref> In 1974, the naval base, {{ship|PNS|Zafar}}, was commissioned and constructed in the memory of Commander Zafar Muhammad Khan that now serves as the headquarter for [[Pakistan Navy Northern Command|Northern Naval Command]].<ref name="Usman Shabbir, PakDef"/> In 1975, the Navy acquired the {{sclass|Albacora|submarine|2}} from the [[Portuguese Navy]] and named it ''Ghazi'' (S-134), in memory of PNS ''Ghazi''.<ref>See [[Albacora-class submarine]]</ref>

Her loss to the Pakistan Navy through an accident was a watershed and a significant event, leading the Navy's engineering to the implementation of a rigorous submarine safety programme.<ref name="Usman Shabbir, loss of Ghazi" />

In 1998, the [[Inter-Services Public Relations]] produced and released the [[Television film|film]], ''[[Ghazi Shaheed]]'' which starred [[Shabbir Jan]] as commander of ''Ghazi'', and Mishi Khan as Commander's wife; the film is based on the events involving ''Ghazi''{{'}}s mission and the lives of men who served in ''Ghazi''.<ref name="Ptv Classics">{{cite web|title=Ghazi Shaheed|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9oa8mtR5QnM |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180823204731/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9oa8mtR5QnM |archive-date=2018-08-23 |publisher=Ptv Classics|access-date=20 November 2016|date=13 November 2015}}</ref> Another [[Pakistani films of 2015|movie]], ''Untold Stories: Ghazi and Hangor'' were sponsored and released by the ISPR to commemorate ''Ghazi'' and her crew during their missions in 1971.<ref name="Navy ISPR"/> In 2017, an Indian film was based on this submarine attack named ''[[The Ghazi Attack]]''.

In 2016, {{ship|PNS|Hameed}} was commissioned where ''Ghazi'' was honoured and is a namesake of her [[First mate|first officer]], [[Lieutenant-Commander|Lt-Cdr.]] Pervez Hameed.<ref>Oversight [[PNS Zafar]]</ref>

===Notable commanders===
*Commander Gordon Graham Matheson–[[United States Navy|U.S. Navy]] officer and her first commanding officer, commanded from 1945 to 1946.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://uboat.net/allies/commanders/3465.html|title=Lt.Cdr. Gordon Graham Matheson of the US Navy (USN) - Allied Warship Commanders of WWII - uboat.net|website=uboat.net|access-date=23 August 2018|archive-date=19 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210619051757/https://uboat.net/allies/commanders/3465.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
*Commander [[Karamat Rahman Niazi]]– later appointed as the [[Four-star admiral|four-star]] rank admiral, commanded from 1964 to 1966.
*Commander [[Ahmed Tasnim]]– [[PNS Hangor (S131)|Hangor's]] commander in 1971 and later Vice-Admiral, commanded Ghazi from 1966 to 1969.
*Lieutenant Commander Yousaf Raza– commanded Ghazi from 1969 to 1971
*Commander [[Zafar Muhammad Khan|Zafar Muhammad]]– the last commander until her sinking in 1971.

===Honours and awards===

{| style="margin:1em auto; text-align:center;"
|{{ribbon devices|number=0|type=service-star|ribbon=PAK Sitara-i-Juraat ribbon.svg|width=103}}
|
|{{ribbon devices|number=0|type=service-star|ribbon=Pride of Performance (ribbon).gif||width=103}}
|
|{{ribbon devices|number=0|type=service-star|ribbon=Tamgha Jurat Ribbon.gif||width=103}}
|
|[[File:Sword of Honour @ Royal Military College of Canada.jpg|103px]]
|-
|[[Sitara-e-Jurat]] {{small|(Awarded in 1965 and 1971)}}
|
|[[Pride of Performance|President's Citation]] {{small|(Citation in 1965)}}
|
|[[Tamgha-i-Jurat]] {{small|(Awarded in 1965)}}
|
|[[Sword of Honour (Pakistan)|Sword of Honour]] {{small|(Awarded in 1965)}}
|}

==In popular culture==
* ''[[Ghazi Shaheed]] '', a 1996 Pakistani film describing the submarine's journey.
* ''[[Ghazi (film)|Ghazi]]'', a 2017 Indian film based on sinking of PNS ''Ghazi''.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/interview-rana-daggubati-opens-up-about-first-film-on-indian-navy-ghazi-and-the-changing-indian-film-industry-2163210 |title=Rana Daggubati on India's first Navy film 'Ghazi' and changes in the film industry |author=Latha Srinivasan |date=7 Jan 2016 |access-date=2018-05-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160422085445/http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/interview-rana-daggubati-opens-up-about-first-film-on-indian-navy-ghazi-and-the-changing-indian-film-industry-2163210 |archive-date=2016-04-22 |url-status=live }}</ref>
* ''[[Raazi]]'' a 2018 Indian [[spy film|spy]] [[thriller film|thriller]] film directed by [[Meghna Gulzar]] about the Indian spy mission that provided intelligence about PNS ''Ghazi'''s mission to attack {{INS|Vikrant|1961|6}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment/news/bollywood-news/article/is-alia-bhatts-raazi-an-unofficial-prequel-to-rana-daggubatis-the-ghazi-attack-heres-why-we-think-so/228445|title=Is Alia Bhatt's Raazi an unofficial prequel to Rana Daggubati's The Ghazi Attack? Here's why we think so|date=15 May 2018|access-date=23 August 2018|archive-date=23 August 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180823204731/https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment/news/bollywood-news/article/is-alia-bhatts-raazi-an-unofficial-prequel-to-rana-daggubatis-the-ghazi-attack-heres-why-we-think-so/228445|url-status=live}}</ref>

==See also==
*[[Pakistan Navy#Submarines|Pakistan Navy Submarine Command]]
*{{ship|PNS|Hangor|S131}}
*[[Soviet submarine K-129 (1960)]], which sank on 8 March 1968 in the [[Pacific Ocean]] under mysterious circumstances

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{DANFS|http://www.history.navy.mil/research/histories/ship-histories/danfs/d/diablo.html}}

{{Tench class submarine|others}}
{{Indo-Pakistani War of 1971}}
{{Bangladesh Liberation War}}
{{Pakistan Navy}}
{{1971 shipwrecks}}

{{coord missing|Indian Ocean}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ghazi}}
[[Category:1944 ships]]
[[Category:Ships built in Kittery, Maine]]
[[Category:World War II submarines of the United States]]
[[Category:Cold War submarines of the United States]]
[[Category:Tench-class submarines of the Pakistan Navy]]
[[Category:Ships transferred from the United States Navy to the Pakistan Navy]]
[[Category:India–Pakistan war of 1965]]
[[Category:Circumnavigators of the globe|P]]
[[Category:India–Pakistan war of 1971]]
[[Category:Shipwrecks in the Bay of Bengal]]
[[Category:Maritime incidents in 1971]]
[[Category:Submarines lost with all hands]]
[[Category:1971 controversies]]
[[Category:Submarine accidents caused by torpedoes]]
[[Category:Pakistani submarine accidents]]
[[Category:High-test peroxide]]
[[Category:Ships of India–Pakistan wars and conflicts]]
[[Category:Military in East Pakistan]]

Uppara

2026-03-19T21:49:05Z

YukikoTousignant: /* References */Removed grandparent category of Category:Social groups of Telangana Category:Social groups of Andhra Pradesh

{{Short description|Hindu caste of South India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2019}}
{{Infobox caste
|caste_name = Uppara
|classification=[[Other Backward Class|Backward Caste]]
|country= [[India]]
|populated_states=[[Andhra Pradesh]] [[Telangana]] [[Karnataka]] [[Tamil Nadu]]
|religions = [[Hinduism]]
|}}

'''Uppara''', also known as '''Sagara''', is a [[Hindus|Hindu]] caste predominantly found in the Indian states of [[Andhra Pradesh]], [[Telangana]], [[Karnataka]], and [[Tamil Nadu]].<ref name=":0">{{cite journal |date=13 September 1993 |title=Specification of OBCs in respect of Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Goa, Gujarat, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Punjab, Tamil Nadu and Uttar Pradesh (No. 12011/68/1993-BCC)" |url=https://egazette.nic.in/WriteReadData/1993/E-0450-1993-0186-17135.pdf |format= |journal=The Gazette of India: Extraordinary |language=Hindi, English |publisher=Department of Publication |volume= |page=38 |issn=0254-6779 |oclc=1752771}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{cite web |last1=Srinivasulu |first1=K. |author-link1= |title=Caste, Class and Social Articulation in Andhra Pradesh: Mapping Differential Regional Trajectories |url=https://odi.org/en/publications/caste-class-and-social-articulation-in-andhra-pradesh-india-mapping-differential-regional-trajectories/ |accessdate=27 December 2009 |publisher=Overseas Development Institute |location=}} </ref><ref name=":2">{{cite book|title=Castes and Tribes of Southern India |first1=Edgar |last1=Thurston |author-link1=Edgar Thurston |first2=K. |last2=Rangachari |author-link2=K. Rangachari |chapter= ‘Uppara’ |volume=7 |pages=228 to 241|oclc=11676577}} Reprint. Originally published: Madras : Supt. Govt. Press, 1909</ref> They are classified as an [[Other Backward Class]].<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{cite journal |date=11 August 2016 |title=Inclusion/Amendment in the Central Lists of OBCs in respect of the State of Andhra Pradesh and Telangana. (No. 12011/04/2014-BC-II) |url=https://egazette.nic.in/WriteReadData/2016/171261.pdf |format= |journal=The Gazette of India: Extraordinary |language=Hindi, English |publisher=Department of Publication |volume= |page=13 |issn=0254-6779 |oclc=1752771}}</ref>

Traditionally, Upparas are involved as [[Stonemasonry|stonecutters]], tank-diggers, and earth-workers.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":3">{{Cite book |last=Devi |first=Dr V. Vasanthi |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eF8sEAAAQBAJ&dq=Uppara+caste&pg=PA55 |title=A Crusade for Social Justice: P.S.Krishnan : Bending Governance Towards The Deprived |date=2021-05-03 |publisher=South Vision Books |pages=55, 56 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last1=Krishnamurti |first1=Bhadriraju |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VG0EBZP3scUC&dq=Uppara+caste&pg=PA470 |title=Gold Nuggets: Selected Post-independence Telugu Short Stories |last2=Vijayasree |first2=Changanti |date=2004 |publisher=[[Sahitya Akademi]] |isbn=978-81-260-1930-4 |pages=470 |language=en |author-link=Bhadriraju Krishnamurti}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Singh |first=K. S. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jA4uRbWoGfUC&q=Uppara+caste |title=People of India: Andhra Pradesh |date=1992 |publisher=Anthropological Survey of India |isbn=978-81-7671-006-0 |pages=1847 |language=en}}</ref> In the past, their occupation also involved the extraction of salt from rocks, known in [[Telugu language|Telugu]] and [[Kannada]] as uppu and hence, they came to be called Upparas.<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":2" /><ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nCELAQAAIAAJ&q=Uppara+caste |title=Karnataka State Gazetteer: Bangalore District |date=1993 |publisher=Director of Print, Stationery and Publications at the Government Press |pages=171 |language=en}}</ref> Occupationally, [[Lonia]] of [[North India]] are considered the equivalents of Upparas.<ref name=":3" />

==History==

According to [[Francis Buchanan-Hamilton]], the most important occupation of the Telugu Upparas at the beginning of the nineteenth century was building of mud walls, especially those of forts.<ref name=":2" />

Mysore Census Reports of early 20th century noted about Upparas as follows: "This caste is divided into the Telugu and Karnataka sub-divisions. The latter make earth-salt, while the former work as bricklayers and builders. The well-to-do section of the caste further undertake public works on contract, and some of them are good architects of ordinary Hindu houses, which do not call for much scientific precision. There are also agriculturists and labourers among them."<ref name=":2" />

The one-man Anantha Raman commission constituted by the [[Government of Andhra Pradesh]] in its report in 1968 made certain observations and recommendations regarding the Uppara community. Some of the points mentioned in the report are as follows:
*Upparas were previously engaged in manufacturing salt.
*When private manufacture of salt was forbidden during the British rule, the people of the community turned to other occupations. Losing their caste-based occupation as salt makers, they tuned to tank-digging, stonecutting, and agriculture.
[[Kumar Suresh Singh]] noted in 1998 that Upparas have abandoned salt-making and are primarily involved in [[masonry]] and stone-work.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Singh |first=K. S. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jHQMAQAAMAAJ&q=Uppara |title=India's Communities |date=1998 |publisher=[[Anthropological Survey of India]] |isbn=978-0-19-563354-2 |pages=3539–3541 |language=en}}</ref> In the recent decades, Upparas have started calling themselves as Sagaras.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=m0cxtNhMmr4C&q=Uppara |title=Bulletin of the Anthropological Survey of India |date=1971 |publisher=Director, Anthropological Survey of India, Indian Museum |pages=162 |language=en}}</ref>

== Culture ==
Some members of the caste are [[Vaishnavite]]s and others [[Saivite]]s. They also worship various village deities, which vary according to the place of residence. Upparas celebrate [[Bhagiratha]] Jayanti on Ganga Saptami every year.

==Demographics==
The [[O. Chinnappa Reddy|Chinnappa Reddy]] Report (1990) indicates that the Uppara make up about 1.18 percent of the population of Karnataka.

==References==
{{reflist}}
[[Category:Indian castes]]
[[Category:Social groups of Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Social groups of Karnataka]]
[[Category:Social groups of Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Social groups of Telangana]]
[[Category:Other Backward Classes]]
[[Category:Other Backward Classes of Karnataka]]
[[Category:South Indian communities]]
[[Category:Ethnic groups in India]]

The Warriorr

2026-03-15T08:49:56Z

YukikoTousignant: done

{{short description|2022 film directed by N. Lingusamy}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2022}}
{{Infobox film
| name = The Warrior
| image = The Warrior (Indian Film).jpg
| alt = 
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[N. Lingusamy]]
| screenplay = N. Lingusamy
{{Infobox | decat = yes | child = yes
| label1= Dialogues by
| data1 = {{Ubl |[[Sai Madhav Burra]] (Telugu) [[Brinda Sarathy]] (Tamil)}}
}}
| story = N. Lingusamy
| producer = Srinivasa Chitturi Pavan Kumar ('''presenter''')
| starring = [[Ram Pothineni]] [[Aadhi Pinisetty]] [[Krithi Shetty]] [[Nadhiya]] [[Akshara Gowda]]
| cinematography = [[Sujith Vaassudev]]
| editing = [[Naveen Nooli]]
| music = [[Devi Sri Prasad]]
| studio = Srinivasaa Silver Screen
| distributor = Masterpiece ([[Tamil Nadu]])
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2022|07|14}}
| runtime = 155 minutes<ref>{{Cite web |date=11 July 2022 |title=The Warriorr completes all censor formalities |url=https://www.123telugu.com/mnews/rams-the-warriorr-clears-censor-formalities-deets-inside.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220711165414/https://www.123telugu.com/mnews/rams-the-warriorr-clears-censor-formalities-deets-inside.html |archive-date=11 July 2022 |access-date=12 July 2022}}</ref>
| country = India
| language = Telugu Tamil
| budget = {{INR|70}} crore<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rao |first=Rama |date=12 May 2022 |title=రామ్ సినిమా కోసం మార్కెట్ కి మించి బడ్జెట్ పెట్టిన నిర్మాతలు |trans-title=The budget of Ram's film spent beyond its market |url=https://www.hmtvlive.com/movies/ram-pothineni-is-making-his-first-big-budget-film-81362 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220714093617/https://www.hmtvlive.com/movies/ram-pothineni-is-making-his-first-big-budget-film-81362 |archive-date=14 July 2022 |access-date=14 July 2022 |website=[[HMTV]] |language=te}}</ref>
| gross = {{Estimation}} {{INR|36.90}} crore<ref name="BO">{{Cite news |date=31 July 2022 |title=The Warrior : 2 వారాల్లో రామ్ పోతినేని వారియర్ మూవీ కలెక్షన్స్.. మొత్తంగా ఎన్ని కోట్లు నష్టాలు అంటే.. |url=https://telugu.news18.com/photogallery/movies/the-warrior-movie-2-week-box-office-collections-and-total-loss-details-ta-1387270-page-10.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220731130647/https://telugu.news18.com/photogallery/movies/the-warrior-movie-2-week-box-office-collections-and-total-loss-details-ta-1387270-page-10.html |archive-date=31 July 2022 |access-date=31 July 2022 |work=[[News18 Telugu]]}}</ref>
}}

'''''The Warriorr''''' is a 2022 Indian [[action thriller film]] directed by [[N. Lingusamy]] and produced by Srinivasa Chitturi under Srinivasa Silver Screen. The film was shot simultaneously in [[Telugu language|Telugu]] and [[Tamil language|Tamil]] languages. It stars [[Ram Pothineni]] and [[Krithi Shetty]] (both in their Tamil debut), with [[Aadhi Pinisetty]], [[Nadhiya]] and [[Akshara Gowda]]. The music was composed by [[Devi Sri Prasad]], while the cinematography and editing were handled by [[Sujith Vaassudev]] and [[Naveen Nooli]].

Linguswamy began contemplating a Telugu–Tamil bilingual film in 2016, which would make his directorial debut in [[Telugu cinema]]. The film was announced in February 2021 with Ram Pothineni as the lead. [[Principal photography]] begun in July 2021 and concluded in May 2022 with filming taking place primarily in [[Hyderabad]] and [[Chennai]].

''The Warriorr'' was released on 14 July 2022 to negative reviews from critics and became a [[box-office bomb]].

==Plot==
Satya, an [[Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery|MBBS]] graduate, relocates to [[Kurnool]] with his mother and sister Nithya after receiving a job as a doctor in a [[government hospital]]. Satya also learns about Gururaj "Guru", a ruthless gangster, whose company has been manufacturing [[salt poisoning|toxic saline]] and is involved in the medical mafia. This results in the deaths of three children in the hospital, but the police do not pay heed as they are afraid of Guru's atrocities. Satya lodges a complaint against Guru with sufficient evidence against him. Guru learns about this and thrashes Satya at the [[Konda Reddy Fort]] and hangs him. Satya is saved by the hospital dean Dr. Robert, and he leaves the city with his mother and sister.

Two years later, Satya returns to Kurnool as the [[Deputy Superintendent of Police|DSP]] of the city, where he wages a war against Guru and his men. Satya learns that Robert died in an accident, which he suspects Guru was involved in. Satya receives permission for a re-[[autopsy]] of Robert's body. He exhumes the body but finds it is someone else's corpse in the grave. Guru reveals to Satya that he killed Robert when the latter helped Satya escape from the city earlier. Guru also reveals that he killed Rahim for protecting the evidence against him. The next day, Guru contests in the [[Elections in India|elections]], but Satya arrests him after finding a [[flash drive]] which contains information about Guru's illegal activities.

Guru's wife Swarna plots to kill Satya by strangling him, but Satya's [[Radio personality|RJ]] girlfriend "Whistle" Mahalakshmi gets stuck on the ropes and receives a major cut on her throat as she was following Satya. Satya admits her to the hospital and learns that Guru has been released from prison. After being encouraged by his mother, Satya calls Guru to the Konda Reddy Fort for a final showdown. Satya brutally kills Guru in a hand-to-hand combat and hangs him in the same manner that Guru hanged him before. After Guru's death, Satya relocates to [[North India]] with Mahalakshmi, who survived the injury, and his mother. Satya also continues to work both as a cop and a doctor.

== Cast ==

{{cast listing|
* [[Ram Pothineni]] as [[Deputy Superintendent of Police#India|DSP]]. [[Doctor (title)|Dr]]. Sathya, [[Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery|MBBS]],[[Indian Police Service|IPS]]
* [[Krithi Shetty]] as "Whistle" Mahalakshmi
* [[Aadhi Pinisetty]] as Gururaj
* [[Nadhiya]] as Satya's mother
* [[Akshara Gowda]] as Swarna
* [[Posani Krishna Murali]] as Madhav, Mahalakshmi's father
* [[Brahmaji]] as [[Sub-inspector|SI]] B. Devaraj
* [[Ajay (actor)|Ajay]] as Ravi
* [[Jayaprakash (actor)|Jayaprakash]] as Dr. Robert
* [[Lal (actor)|Lal]] as Kumarappa
* [[Redin Kingsley]] as Prisoner
* [[John Vijay]] as [[Superintendent of police (India)|SP]] Joshua
* [[Brinda Sarathy]] as an ill husband's wife
* Pradeep Mama
* D. L. R.
* [[S. P. Sreekumar]] as Guru's henchman
* [[Raaghavan]] as Tea Boy
* Rohit Pathak as Mannaar
* [[Sharanya Pradeep]] as Nithya, Satya's sister
* Meka Ramakrishna
* Naga Mahesh as N. Srinivas
* [[Divya Sripada]] as News Reporter
* [[Chatrapathi Sekhar]] as Babu (uncredited)
}}

== Production ==

=== Development ===
In 2016, Tamil film director Lingusamy announced that he planned to make a bilingual film in Telugu and Tamil, marking his Telugu debut. He first approached [[Allu Arjun]] to star in the film, but the film was delayed due to Allu Arjun's busy schedule.<ref>{{Cite web |date=22 September 2016 |title=Allu Arjun all set to make his Tamil debut with Lingusamy |url=https://www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/Cinema/2016-09-22/Allu-Arjun-all-set-to-make-his-Tamil-debut-with-Lingusamy/255155 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220117193658/https://www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/Cinema/2016-09-22/Allu-Arjun-all-set-to-make-his-Tamil-debut-with-Lingusamy/255155 |archive-date=17 January 2022 |access-date=17 January 2022 |website=The Hand India}}</ref> In 2019, [[Havish]] was cast as the lead, but the film never began production.<ref>{{Cite web |date=1 July 2019 |title=Lingusamy's Tamil-Telugu bilingual to star Seven-fame Havish |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/stories/news/2019/jul/01/lingusamys-tamil-telugu-bilingual-to-star-seven-fame-havish-12665.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220117193656/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/stories/news/2019/jul/01/lingusamys-tamil-telugu-bilingual-to-star-seven-fame-havish-12665.html |archive-date=17 January 2022 |access-date=17 January 2022 |website=Cinema Express}}</ref> On 18 February 2021, it was announced that Ram Pothineni was brought on board the film, which was tentatively called ''RAPO19'' with Srinivasa Chitturi producing the film under his banner Srinivasa Silver Screen.<ref>{{Cite web |date=18 February 2021 |title=Ram Pothineni and Lingusamy's new film announced |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/telugu/ram-pothineni-and-lingusamys-new-film-announced-7193635/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220117172255/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/telugu/ram-pothineni-and-lingusamys-new-film-announced-7193635/ |archive-date=17 January 2022 |access-date=2022-01-17 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> The film marks the Tamil debut of Pothineni after ''Yen Endral Kadhal Enben!'', the Tamil version of ''[[Endukante... Premanta!]]'' (2012), failed to have a theatrical release.<ref>{{Cite web |date=4 October 2021 |title=Ram Pothineni's neck injury halts the shoot of his next with director N Lingusamy |url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/ram-pothinenis-neck-injury-halts-the-shoot-of-his-next-with-director-n-lingusamy/e6c788f574351 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221030183123/https://www.ottplay.com/news/ram-pothinenis-neck-injury-halts-the-shoot-of-his-next-with-director-n-lingusamy/e6c788f574351 |archive-date=30 October 2022 |access-date=3 October 2021 |website=OTTPlay}}</ref> In January 2022, the film's title was announced as ''The Warriorr.''<ref>{{Cite web |date=17 January 2022 |title=పవర్‌ఫుల్‌ పాత్రలో రామ్‌ పోతినేని.. టైటిల్‌ రివీల్‌ |url=https://www.sakshi.com/telugu-news/movies/ram-pothineni-new-movie-warrior-title-revealed-1427910 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220117103713/https://www.sakshi.com/telugu-news/movies/ram-pothineni-new-movie-warrior-title-revealed-1427910 |archive-date=17 January 2022 |access-date=2022-01-17 |website=Sakshi |language=te}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=17 January 2022 |title=Ram Pothineni's next titled The Warriorr |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/telugu/ram-pothineni-next-titled-the-warriorr-7727456/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220117172254/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/telugu/ram-pothineni-next-titled-the-warriorr-7727456/ |archive-date=17 January 2022 |access-date=2022-01-17 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=17 January 2022 |title=RAPO19 titled The Warrior: Ram Pothineni dons cop avatar in the intense first look |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/south/rapo19-titled-warrior-ram-pothineni-dons-cop-avatar-intense-first-look-996557 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220117172256/https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/south/rapo19-titled-warrior-ram-pothineni-dons-cop-avatar-intense-first-look-996557 |archive-date=17 January 2022 |access-date=2022-01-17 |website=PINKVILLA |language=en}}</ref>

=== Casting ===
In March 2021, it was announced that [[Krithi Shetty]] was cast as the female lead.<ref>{{Cite web |last=India |first=The Hans |date=7 March 2021 |title='Uppena' beauty to pair with Ram Pothineni |url=https://www.thehansindia.com/cinema/tollywood/uppena-beauty-to-pair-with-ram-pothineni-675590 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220117172254/https://www.thehansindia.com/cinema/tollywood/uppena-beauty-to-pair-with-ram-pothineni-675590 |archive-date=17 January 2022 |access-date=2022-01-17 |website=www.thehansindia.com |language=en}}</ref> In July 2021, the makers announced that [[Aadhi Pinisetty]] was cast as the main antagonist in the film.<ref>{{Cite web |date=20 July 2021 |title=Aadhi Pinisetty roped in for Ram Pothineni-Lingusamy's bilingual film 'RAPO19' |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/aadhi-pinisetty-roped-ram-pothineni-lingusamys-bilingual-film-rapo19-152684 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220118182645/https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/aadhi-pinisetty-roped-ram-pothineni-lingusamys-bilingual-film-rapo19-152684 |archive-date=18 January 2022 |access-date=2022-01-17 |website=The News Minute |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Ramya Palisetty |date=19 July 2021 |title=Aadhi Pinisetty to play the antagonist in Ram Pothineni and Lingusamy's next |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/aadhi-pinisetty-to-play-the-antagonist-in-ram-pothineni-and-lingusamy-s-next-1829917-2021-07-19 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220118182652/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/aadhi-pinisetty-to-play-the-antagonist-in-ram-pothineni-and-lingusamy-s-next-1829917-2021-07-19 |archive-date=18 January 2022 |access-date=2022-01-17 |magazine=India Today |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=20 July 2021 |title=Aadhi Pinisetty to play villain in RAPO 19 |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/telugu/2021/jul/20/aadhi-pinisetty-to-play-villain-in-rapo-19-2332521.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220117172256/https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/telugu/2021/jul/20/aadhi-pinisetty-to-play-villain-in-rapo-19-2332521.html |archive-date=17 January 2022 |access-date=2022-01-17 |website=The New Indian Express}}</ref> In August 2021, it was announced that [[Akshara Gowda]] was signed on to play a pivotal role in the film.<ref>{{Cite web |date=31 July 2021 |title=RAPO19: Akshara Gowda to star opposite Aadhi Pinisetty in Ram Pothineni's bilingual film |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/south/rapo19-akshara-gowda-star-opposite-aadhi-pinisetty-ram-pothinenis-bilingual-film-837435 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220117172304/https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/south/rapo19-akshara-gowda-star-opposite-aadhi-pinisetty-ram-pothinenis-bilingual-film-837435 |archive-date=17 January 2022 |access-date=2022-01-17 |website=PINKVILLA |language=en}}</ref>

=== Filming ===
Since the film was a Telugu—Tamil bilingual, scenes involving Ram Pothineni and Aadhi Pinisetty were shot in both Telugu and Tamil.<ref name="H">{{Cite news |last=Chandar |first=Bhuvanesh |date=14 July 2022 |title='The Warriorr' review: Ram Pothineni's latest suffers from generic screenwriting and shallow characters |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/the-warriorr-review-ram-pothinenis-latest-suffers-from-generic-screenwriting-and-shallow-characters/article65639578.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230525010315/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/the-warriorr-review-ram-pothinenis-latest-suffers-from-generic-screenwriting-and-shallow-characters/article65639578.ece |archive-date=25 May 2023 |access-date=30 September 2022 |work=The Hindu}}</ref> Krithi Shetty's scenes were only shot in Telugu,<ref name="H" /> and Nadhiya's scenes were only shot in Tamil.<ref name="N" /> Principal photography for the film began on 13 July 2021 in Hyderabad and Chennai.<ref>{{Cite web |date=13 July 2021 |title=Ram Pothineni and Lingusamy's bilingual film 'RAPO19' begins shoot |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/ram-pothineni-and-lingusamy-s-bilingual-film-rapo19-begins-shoot-152249 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220118182816/https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/ram-pothineni-and-lingusamy-s-bilingual-film-rapo19-begins-shoot-152249 |archive-date=18 January 2022 |access-date=2022-01-17 |website=The News Minute |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=13 July 2021 |title=Tollywood buzz: Sudheer Babu announces new film, Tamannaah Bhatia unveils first look of Skylab and more |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/telugu/sudheer-babu-announces-new-film-tamannaah-bhatia-unveils-first-look-of-skylab-7400763/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220117172256/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/telugu/sudheer-babu-announces-new-film-tamannaah-bhatia-unveils-first-look-of-skylab-7400763/ |archive-date=17 January 2022 |access-date=2022-01-17 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Janani K. |date=7 July 2021 |title=Ram Pothineni and Lingusamy's film shoot to commence on July 12 |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/ram-pothineni-and-lingusamy-s-film-shoot-to-commence-on-july-12-1824926-2021-07-07 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220118182501/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/ram-pothineni-and-lingusamy-s-film-shoot-to-commence-on-july-12-1824926-2021-07-07 |archive-date=18 January 2022 |access-date=2022-01-17 |magazine=India Today |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite news |last=Suganth |first=M. |title=Ram Pothineni's The Warrior will be something beyond the usual cop film: Lingusamy |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/ram-pothinenis-the-warrior-will-be-something-beyond-the-usual-cop-film-lingusamy/articleshow/88945917.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220117071113/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/ram-pothinenis-the-warrior-will-be-something-beyond-the-usual-cop-film-lingusamy/articleshow/88945917.cms |archive-date=17 January 2022 |access-date=2022-01-17 |work=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref> The second schedule of the film was completed in October 2021.<ref>{{Cite news |title=#RaPo19: Second schedule of Ram Pothineni and Krithi Shetty starrer wrapped up |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/rapo19-second-schedule-of-ram-pothineni-and-krithi-shetty-starrer-wrapped-up/articleshow/87081845.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220118183833/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/rapo19-second-schedule-of-ram-pothineni-and-krithi-shetty-starrer-wrapped-up/articleshow/87081845.cms |archive-date=18 January 2022 |access-date=2022-01-17 |work=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref> The third schedule began in January 2022 and filming was wrapped up at the end of May 2022.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Next schedule of Lingusamy's #RAPO19 from January 5! |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/next-schedule-of-lingusamys-rapo19-from-january-5/articleshow/88630256.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220119064104/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/next-schedule-of-lingusamys-rapo19-from-january-5/articleshow/88630256.cms |archive-date=19 January 2022 |access-date=2022-01-17 |work=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref>

== Music ==
{{Infobox album
| name = The Warriorr
| type = Soundtrack
| artist = [[Devi Sri Prasad]]
| cover =
| alt =
| released = 12 July 2022
| recorded = 2021–2022
| studio =
| genre = [[Feature film soundtrack]]
| length = {{Duration|m=15|s=26}}
| language = [[Telugu language|Telugu]] [[Tamil language|Tamil]]
| label = [[Aditya Music]]
| producer = [[Devi Sri Prasad]]
| prev_title = [[F3 (film)|F3]]
| prev_year = 2022
| next_title = [[Ranga Ranga Vaibhavanga]]
| next_year = 2022
| misc = {{Singles
| name = The Warriorr
| type = soundtrack
| single1 = Bullet Song
| single1date = 22 April 2022
| single2 = Dhada Dhada
| single2date = 4 June 2022
| single3 = Whistle Song
| single3date = 22 June 2022
| single4 = Colours Song
| single4date = 6 July 2022
}}
}}

The [[film score]] and soundtrack album of the film are composed by [[Devi Sri Prasad]] in his first collaboration with Lingusamy. The music rights were acquired by [[Aditya Music]].{{Track listing
| headline = Telugu
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| title1 = Bullet Song
| length1 = 3:57
| lyrics1 = [[Sri Mani]]
| extra1 = [[Silambarasan]], Haripriya
| title2 = Dhada Dhada
| length2 = 4:29
| lyrics2 = Sri Mani
| extra2 = [[Haricharan]]
| title3 = Whistle Song
| length3 = 3:46
| lyrics3 = Sahithi
| extra3 = [[Rahul Sipligunj]], [[Srinisha Jayaseelan]]
| total_length = 15:26
| title4 = Colours Song
| length4 = 4:20
| lyrics4 = [[Ramajogayya Sastry]]
| extra4 = [[Jaspreet Jasz]]
}}

{{Track listing
| headline = Tamil<ref>{{Cite web |date=14 April 2023 |title=The Warriorr Tamil Lyrics Here |url=https://srsmusiq.com/category/tamil/movies/the-warriorr-2022/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221111194619/https://srsmusiq.com/category/tamil/movies/the-warriorr-2022/ |archive-date=11 November 2022 |access-date=11 November 2022}}</ref>
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| title1 = Bullet Song
| length1 = 3:57
| lyrics1 = [[Viveka (lyricist)|Viveka]]
| extra1 = [[Silambarasan]], Haripriya
| title2 = Dhada Dhada
| length2 = 4:09
| lyrics2 = [[Viveka (lyricist)|Viveka]]
| extra2 = [[Haricharan]]
| title3 = Whistle Song
| length3 = 3:26
| lyrics3 = [[Viveka (lyricist)|Viveka]]
| extra3 = [[Anthony Daasan]], [[Srinisha Jayaseelan]]
| title4 = Colours Song
| length4 = 4:00
| lyrics4 = [[Viveka (lyricist)|Viveka]]
| extra4 = [[Nakul Abhyankar]]
| total_length = 15:26
}}

== Release ==
=== Theatrical ===
In March 2022, it was announced that the film was going to release theatrically on 14 July 2022.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Ram Pothineni, Krithi Shetty, Akshara Gowda's The Warrior to hit screens in July |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/ram-pothineni-krithi-shetty-akshara-gowdas-the-warrior-to-hit-screens-in-july/articleshow/90474675.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220327222442/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/ram-pothineni-krithi-shetty-akshara-gowdas-the-warrior-to-hit-screens-in-july/articleshow/90474675.cms |archive-date=27 March 2022 |access-date=2022-03-27 |work=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref> The film's pre-release rights were sold for {{INR}}43.10 [[crore]], the highest for Pothineni's film to date.<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 July 2022 |title=The Warrior pre-release business report |url=https://www.thehansindia.com/cinema/tollywood/the-warrior-pre-release-business-report-753094 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220714094024/https://www.thehansindia.com/cinema/tollywood/the-warrior-pre-release-business-report-753094 |archive-date=14 July 2022 |website=[[The Hans India]]}}</ref>

=== Home media ===
The television rights for Telugu and Hindi Version were acquired by [[Disney Star|Star Network]] and Tamil version rights were acquired by [[Zee Tamil]] and [[Zee Tamil|Zee Thirai]] respectively. The film started streaming in Telugu version on [[Disney+Hotstar]] from 11 August 2022, while the Tamil version started streaming on [[Amazon Prime Video]] from 10 November 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |date=15 July 2022 |title=Digital Rights Of The Warrior Acquired By Disney Plus Hotstar For This Whopping Price |url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/digital-rights-of-the-warrior-acquired-by-disney-plus-hotstar-for-this-whopping-price-5560561.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220818101156/https://www.news18.com/news/movies/digital-rights-of-the-warrior-acquired-by-disney-plus-hotstar-for-this-whopping-price-5560561.html |archive-date=18 August 2022 |access-date=18 August 2022}}</ref>

== Reception ==
===Box office===
''The Warriorr'' grossed {{INR|12.2}} crore on its opening day, with {{INR|10.2}} crore coming from the states of [[Andhra Pradesh]] and [[Telangana]].<ref name="d1">{{Cite web |date=15 July 2022 |title=The Warrior 1st Day WW Collections : రామ్ 'ది వారియర్' ఫస్ట్ డే వాల్డ్ వైడ్ కలెక్షన్స్.. ఉస్తాద్ కెరీర్ లో మరో సాలిడ్ ఓపెనింగ్స్ |url=https://telugu.news18.com/photogallery/movies/the-warrior-1st-day-world-wide-box-office-collections-ram-pothineni-got-good-openings-ta-1370712-page-6.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220715082301/https://telugu.news18.com/photogallery/movies/the-warrior-1st-day-world-wide-box-office-collections-ram-pothineni-got-good-openings-ta-1370712-page-6.html |archive-date=15 July 2022 |access-date=15 July 2022 |website=[[News18 Telugu]] |language=te}}</ref>

=== Critical response ===
''The Warriorr'' received generally negative reviews from critics. {{Rotten Tomatoes prose|score=17|count=6|average=3.5|ref=yes}}

Neeshita Nyayapati of ''[[The Times of India]]'' gave 3/5 stars and wrote "''The Warriorr'' is a masala-laden commercial pot-boiler that’s meant to be watched over a shared bucket of popcorn."<ref>{{Cite news |title=The Warriorr Movie Review: Ram and Aadhi shine in this commercial potboiler |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movie-reviews/the-warriorr/movie-review/92871376.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220714085358/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movie-reviews/the-warriorr/movie-review/92871376.cms |archive-date=14 July 2022 |access-date=14 July 2022 |work=Times of India}}</ref> ''[[Pinkvilla]]'' gave 2/5 stars and wrote "Some films are stuck in a time warp. ''The Warriorr'' goes beyond. Every nerve ending and blood vessel of the film is stuck in the past".<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Warriorr Movie Review: This Ram Pothineni starrer is all sound and fury |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/south/warriorr-movie-review-ram-pothineni-starrer-all-sound-and-fury-1161435%3famp |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220714104027/https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/south/warriorr-movie-review-ram-pothineni-starrer-all-sound-and-fury-1161435?amp |archive-date=14 July 2022 |access-date=14 July 2022 |website=[[Pinkvilla]]}}</ref>

''Behindwoods'' gave 2.5/5 stars and wrote "The Warriorr is a watchable police action entertainer with the hero and villain in fine form."<ref>{{Cite web |date=15 July 2022 |title=THE WARRIORR MOVIE REVIEW |url=https://m.behindwoods.com/telugu-movies/the-warriorr/the-warriorr-review.html?ref=www.google.ae |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220909081932/https://m.behindwoods.com/telugu-movies/the-warriorr/the-warriorr-review.html?ref=www.google.ae |archive-date=9 September 2022 |access-date=9 September 2022 |website=Behindwoods}}</ref> Latha Srinivasan of ''[[Firstpost]]'' gave 1.5/5 stars and wrote "Director Lingusamy's Telugu debut starring Ram Pothineni is a mish-mash of his earlier films."<ref>{{Cite web |date=14 July 2022 |title=The Warrior movie review: This war is a lost cause |url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/the-warrior-movie-review-this-war-is-a-lost-cause-10910881.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220714123905/https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/the-warrior-movie-review-this-war-is-a-lost-cause-10910881.html |archive-date=14 July 2022 |access-date=14 July 2022 |publisher=[[Firstpost]]}}</ref>

Balakrishna Ganeshan of ''[[The News Minute]]'' gave 1.5/5 stars and wrote "The story being extremely superficial without any element of reality in it, also makes it a mediocre watch."<ref name="N">{{Cite web |date=14 July 2022 |title=The Warrior review: Ram and Aadhi's impressive performances drown in a weak script |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/warrior-review-ram-and-aadhi-s-impressive-performances-drown-weak-script-165856 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220714154436/https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/warrior-review-ram-and-aadhi-s-impressive-performances-drown-weak-script-165856 |archive-date=14 July 2022 |access-date=14 July 2022 |publisher=[[The News Minute]]}}</ref> Janani K of ''[[India Today]]'' gave 1/5 stars and wrote "The Warriorr is a mass action entertainer, which is ridiculous and has nothing new to offer."<ref>{{Cite web |date=14 July 2022 |title=The Warriorr Movie Review: Ram Pothineni and Krithi Shetty's film is a cringe-fest |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/the-warriorr-movie-review-ram-pothineni-and-krithi-shetty-s-film-is-a-cringe-fest-1975573-2022-07-14 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220714151114/https://www.indiatoday.in/amp/movies/regional-cinema/story/the-warriorr-movie-review-ram-pothineni-and-krithi-shetty-s-film-is-a-cringe-fest-1975573-2022-07-14 |archive-date=14 July 2022 |access-date=14 July 2022 |website=[[India Today]]}}</ref>

Bhuvanesh Chandar of ''[[The Hindu]]'' wrote "The Warriorr’s lifeless storyline is made worse with its generic scene writing and a template screenplay structure."<ref name="H" /> Manoj Kumar R of ''[[The Indian Express]]'' wrote "Lingusamy has repeated the same movie that he has been making throughout his career with different actors and costumes, including the 'loosu ponnu' archetype".<ref>{{Cite news |last=R |first=Manoj Kumar |date=14 July 2022 |title=The Warrior movie review: Try not to fall asleep in this Ram Pothineni film |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/the-warrior-movie-review-ram-pothineni-try-not-to-fall-asleep-8029038/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220827053158/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/the-warrior-movie-review-ram-pothineni-try-not-to-fall-asleep-8029038/ |archive-date=27 August 2022 |access-date=7 September 2022 |work=[[The Indian Express]]}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
*{{IMDb title|tt14598638}}

{{N. Lingusamy}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Warriorr, The}}
[[Category:2022 multilingual films]]
[[Category:Indian action films]]
[[Category:Indian multilingual films]]
[[Category:Films shot in Hyderabad, India]]
[[Category:Films shot in Chennai]]
[[Category:Films scored by Devi Sri Prasad]]
[[Category:Films directed by N. Lingusamy]]

Sashibhusan Rath

2026-03-13T10:56:37Z

YukikoTousignant: details

{{Short description|Social reformer, Public representative, Industrialist and Freedom fighter from Odisha}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Sashibhusan Rath
| image =
| caption =
| birth_date = Sashibhusan Mohapatra {{birth date|df=yes|1885|01|01}}
| birth_place = [[Surada]], [[Ganjam district]], [[Madras Presidency]], [[British Raj]]
| death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|1943|03|20|1885|01|01}}
| death_place = [[Berhampur]], [[Orissa Province]], [[British Raj]]
| occupation = Social reformer, public representative, industrialist
| education = Matric
| alma_mater =Russelkonda Board School, [[Bhanjanagar]] Higher Secondary School, [[Paralakhemundi]]
| spouse = Arnapurna Rath
| parents = Lambodara Mohapatra (father by birth), Digambara Rath (father by adoption)
| children = Ashalata Mishra
| awards = O.B.E. ([[Order of British Empire]])
| website =
}}

'''Sashibhusan Rath''' (1885-1943) was a social reformer, industrialist, politician and founder-cum-editor of the Dainik ''ASHA'' newspaper (The first Odia daily), published from [[Brahmapur, Odisha|Brahmapur]]. He is famously known as '''Ganjam Byaghra''' which means The Tiger of Ganjam.

==Early life==
Sashibhusan was born in [[Surada]], [[Ganjam district]] of [[Odisha]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://amritkaal.nic.in/district-reopsitory-detail?10046|title=SashiBhusan Rath|work=Amritmahotsav.nic.in|accessdate=19 November 2025}}</ref> Sashi was the second son of Lambodara Mohapatra by birth. He was adopted by his paternal uncle Digambar Rath on the advice of Nilakantha Mohapatra (''his grandfather''). So, from his early days, he used ''Rath'' as his surname.

He completed his upper primary education from Russelkonda Board School of [[Bhanjanagar]]. He was homesick while spending his days over there. Once, he even ran away from there and arrived in [[Surada]] by walking 30 km from Bhanjanagar. In his early years he went against the social malpractices of untouchability and animal sacrifice. He completed his matriculation from Higher Secondary School of [[Paralakhemundi]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://amritkaal.nic.in/district-reopsitory-detail?13362|title=Ganjam Gaurav Shashi Bhusan|work=Amritmahotsav.nic.in|accessdate=19 November 2025}}</ref>

==Career==
After completing his matriculation in 1902, he went to [[Bombay]] and started a shoe company named Rath & Co. He became fluent in [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]] while staying there. He made a friendship with a foreigner who introduced him to journalism while he was an assistant editor at ''Bombay Chronicles''. Thereafter he moved to [[Pune]] and worked in a leather industry where he learnt skinning. But he could not stay there long due to his health ailments and had to come back [[Odisha]]. For sometime he worked in Utkal Tannery of [[Madhusudan Das]] as a manager, but then left for [[Kolkata]] where he joined a medicine company named Young & Co. as manager. There he made an Odia association and organized the Odias for a separate province.<ref>{{cite book|title=Orissa Society of Americas 25th Annual Convention Souvenir: For Annual Convention Held in 1994 at Pamona, New Jersey|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PmqADwAAQBAJ&pg=PA22|publisher=Odisha Society of the Americas|pages=22–|id=GGKEY:497UK5ADFB0}}</ref>

On the advice of Nilamani Vidyaratna, he started publishing ''Asha'' weekly from 1913. In 1928, he started publishing it daily as ''Dainik Asha'' from [[Brahmapur, Odisha]] on the Odia New Year's Day (Mesha Sankranti). It was the first Odia daily newspaper at that time.<ref name="Jena1988">{{cite book|author=P. K. Jena|title=Orissa, a New Province: History of Government and Politics in Orissa from 1936-1948|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZpYeAAAAMAAJ|year=1988|publisher=Punthi Pustak}}</ref> It had helped the people of Odisha to launch their struggle to secure the unification of the outlying Odia areas under one administration and spread the message of freedom movement of the country in the rural areas of the State. The Asha press also gave the opportunity to receive the practical training in daily newspaper work and journalism. After the publication of ''Dainik Asha'', Sashibhusan also published an English weekly called ''The East Coast'' and entrusted its editorship to Pandit [[Godabarish Misra]].<ref name="Singh1992">{{cite book|author=K. S. Singh|title=People of India: Odisha (2 pts.)|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LP_XIoebIE8C|year=1992|publisher=Anthropological Survey of India|isbn=978-81-7046-293-4}}</ref>

He was elected as vice-chairman of the former Berhampur Municipality and later elected as Public Representative from the [[Ganjam district]] to [[Madras Legislative Council]] during the [[British Raj]]. He also worked extensively to eliminate animal sacrifice practices in Ganjam.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://magazines.odisha.gov.in/Orissareview/2019/August/engpdf/20-23.pdf|title= Sashibhusan Rath A freedom fighter cum journalist|work=Orissa Review|accessdate=19 November 2025}}</ref>

On 5 May 1933 the first English daily of Odisha, ''The New Orissa'' started publishing from the Asha press under the Editorship of Sashibhusan assisted by Mr. Sharma and Mr. K.N. Acharya who came from Madras. Mr. Acharya who was the colleague of Mr. Rath later became the Editor of New Orissa. The management of the paper was looked after by Mr. Hadu Raiguru who was a trusted Assistant and colleague of Mr. Rath. Sharat Mohapatra, a brother of Sashibhusan was an Asst. Editor in Dainik Asha who later became the Editor of weekly Asha and continued it for a long time even after the death of Mr. Rath.

As Sashibhusan was covering the news about civil disobedience and [[Salt Satyagraha]] regularly and abetted the salt satyagraha in [[Ganjam district]] he was arrested in 1930 but was released in 1931. In 1936, a book ''Kali Bhagabat'' written by Abhiram Paramhansha was printed in his ''Asha Press'' which has a nationalistic tone to it. The book was therefore proscribed and its author was arrested. In this case Sashibhusan also became a co-accused for which he had to spend a lot of money for legal expenses.

For the proper growth and development of Odia language and literature, necessity for the invention of Odia typewriter was greatly felt and a brother of Sashibhusan named Ranganath Mohapatra of [[Surada]], [[Ganjam district]] invented the Odia typewriter in early forties. The typewriters were manufactured in Germany and were put to use in some of the offices soon after the formation of the separate [[Orissa Province]]. The Zamindars of Ganjam and the Rajas of some of Garjats were encouraged to use the Odia typewriter.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://theraisinahills.com/a-century-of-odia-journalism-the-rise-role-and-reach-of-print-media/|title= A Century of Odia Journalism The Rise, Role, and Reach of Print Media|work=Theraisinshills.com|accessdate=19 November 2025}}</ref>

Though his newspaper regularly covered the matters pertaining to freedom struggle he however fell ill after 1936 for which he could not keep himself in active politics. He died on 20 March 1943 at the age of 58 only.

==Legacy==
''Government Sashi Bhusan High School'' in [[Surada]] and ''Sashi Bhusan Rath Govt. Autonomous Women's College'' in [[Brahmapur, Odisha|Brahmapur]] are named after him.<ref>{{cite web|title=Activists demand new statue of Odisha movement leader in Silk City|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bhubaneswar/activists-demand-new-statue-of-odisha-movement-leader-in-silk-city/articleshow/96672218.cms|publisher=Timesofindia.com|quote=The government women’s college here was named after him by the government|date=2 January 2023}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Rath, Sashibhusan}}
[[Category:1885 births]]
[[Category:1943 deaths]]
[[Category:People from British India]]
[[Category:People from Ganjam district]]

Sheezan Khan

2026-03-08T12:35:30Z

YukikoTousignant: added

{{short description|Indian television actor (born 1994)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2024}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Sheezan Khan
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1994|09|09|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Meerut]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[India]]
| occupation = Actor
| years_active = 2013–present
| known_for = {{ubl|''[[Jodha Akbar]]''|''[[Tara From Satara]]''|''[[Ali Baba: Dastaan-E-Kabul]]''}}
| relatives = {{ubl|[[Falaq Naaz]] (sister) | [[Shafaq Naaz]] (sister)}}
}}
'''Sheezan Khan''' ({{IPA|hns|ˈʃiːzɑːn kʰɑːn|pron}}; born 9 September 1994) is an Indian television actor.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/archive/lifestyle/a-fair-call-843866 |title=A fair call |first=Tribune News |last=Service |website=Tribuneindia News Service}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/lifestyle/punishment-from-sheezan-69670 |title=Punishment from Sheezan |first=Tribune News |last=Service |website=Tribuneindia News Service}}</ref> He is best known for portraying [[Akbar|young Akbar]]/[[Sultan Murad Mirza]] in ''[[Jodha Akbar]]''<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/manisha-yadav-aka-salima-begum-of-jodha-akbar-passes-away-4274984.html |title=Manisha Yadav AKA Salima Begum of Jodha Akbar Passes Away |date=2 October 2021 |website=News18}}</ref> and Ali Baba in ''[[Ali Baba: Dastaan-E-Kabul]]''.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/exclusive-sheezan-khan-on-how-he-bagged-alibaba-dastaan-e-kabul-would-stay-up-all-night-practice-in-front-of-the-mirror-delivering-dialogues-and-practicing-the-walk/articleshow/93431479.cms |title=Exclusive - Sheezan Khan on how he bagged Alibaba Dastaan-E-Kabul: Would stay up all night, practice in front of the mirror, delivering dialogues and practicing the walk - Times of India |website=The Times of India}}</ref>

==Early life==
Khan was born on 9 September 1994<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/alibaba-dastaan-e-kabul-actor-sheezan-khan-has-a-working-birthday-co-stars-tunisha-sharma-and-others-make-it-memorable/articleshow/94104562.cms |title=Alibaba Dastaan- e- Kabul actor Sheezan Khan has a working birthday; co-stars Tunisha Sharma and others make it memorable - Times of India |website=The Times of India}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.gnttv.com/shows/saas-bahu-betiyaan/video/sheezan-khan-celebrates-his-birthday-sets-sony-sab-tv-show-alibaba-445635-2022-09-10 |title=शीजान खान ने अली बाबा के सेट मनाया अपना जन्मदिन, केक काटकर किया सेलिब्रेट |website=Good News Today}}</ref> in [[Meerut]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://indiawest.com/dont-treat-our-silence-as-weakness-sheezans-sisters/ |title=Don't Treat Our Silence as Weakness: Sheezan's Sisters |date=26 December 2022}}</ref> to Kahkashan<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.jagran.com/entertainment/interview-ammi-is-the-reason-for-all-my-success-actor-sheezan-m-khan-jagran-special-23016385.html |title=मेरी हर कामयाबी की वजह अम्मी हैं-अभिनेता शीजान एम खान |website=Dainik Jagran}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://news.abplive.com/entertainment/television/nazar-2-lead-actor-sheezan-mohds-childhood-picture-as-baby-sheezu-is-just-too-cute-1204401 |title='Nazar 2' Lead Actor Sheezan Mohd's Childhood PIC As 'Baby Sheezu' Is Just Too Cute |date=23 April 2020 |website=news.abplive.com}}</ref> and brought up in [[Mumbai]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://news.abplive.com/photo-gallery/entertainment/happy-holi-2020-bollywood-tv-celebs-wish-their-fans-on-festival-of-colours-1172918 |title=Happy Holi 2020: Bollywood & TV Celebs Wish Their Fans On Festival Of Colours |date=10 March 2020 |website=news.abplive.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/sheezan-mohd-and-falaq-naazz-break-their-ramadan-fast-together-share-pictures-on-social-media/articleshow/75511443.cms |title=Sheezan Mohd and Falaq Naazz break their Ramadan fast together, share pictures on social media - Times of India |website=The Times of India |last1=Purkayastha |first1=Pallabi Dey}}</ref> He graduated from the [[University of Mumbai]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-who-is-tunisha-sharma-s-rumoured-boyfriend-and-co-star-sheezan-khan-why-has-he-been-arrested-3012928 |title=Who is Tunisha Sharma's rumoured boyfriend and co-star Sheezan Khan? Why has he been arrested?}}</ref> He has two older sisters, [[Falaq Naaz]] and [[Shafaq Naaz]], both of whom are television actresses.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/lifestyle/sheezan-and-falaq-give-sibling-goals-80193 |title=Sheezan and Falaq give sibling goals |first=Tribune News |last=Service |website=Tribuneindia News Service}}</ref> He is a fitness enthusiast<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://news.abplive.com/entertainment/television/nazar-2-lead-actor-sheezan-mohd-has-found-the-perfect-jugaad-to-stay-fit-amid-coronavirus-lockdown-video-1201918 |title='Nazar 2' Lead Sheezan Mohd Has Found The Perfect Jugaad To Stay Fit Amid Lockdown (Video) |date=20 April 2020 |website=news.abplive.com}}</ref> and a pet lover.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/its-never-a-dull-day-for-nazar-2-actor-sheezan-mohammad/articleshow/75436969.cms |title=It's never a dull day for 'Nazar 2' actor Sheezan Mohammad - Times of India |website=The Times of India}}</ref> Khan is a frequent speaker<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qbHDTYq7c68 |title=Our darkest times make or break us {{!}} Sheezan Mohd {{!}} TEDxSFIT |date=10 September 2020 |via=YouTube}}</ref> at [[TED (conference)|TEDx]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.ted.com/tedx/events/40261 |title=TEDxSFIT | TED |publisher=TED (conference)}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.tedxsfit.com/grey-matter |title=Gray Matter (2020) |website=TEDxSFIT}}</ref>

==Career==
Khan started his acting career, in 2013, with the historical drama ''[[Jodha Akbar]]''.<ref name="auto">{{Cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/tv/hindi/sheezan-mohammad-on-all-his-firsts-exclusive-nazar-2/videoshow/75162759.cms |title=Sheezan Mohammad on all his firsts |Exclusive| |Nazar 2| | TV - Times of India Videos |website=The Times of India}}</ref>

In 2016, he portrayed Vinay Saxena in [[Silsila Pyaar Ka|''Silsila Pyaar Ka'']] opposite Sheen Dass. He then appeared as Prince Kartikay/Yuvraj Bhoj in the historical drama ''[[Chandra Nandini]]'' in 2017 and ''[[Prithvi Vallabh - Itihaas Bhi, Rahasya Bhi]]'' in 2018.

In 2019, he appeared as Raghav in ''[[Ek Thi Rani Ek Tha Raavan]]'', and in the same year, he played Arjun Priya in ''[[Tara From Satara]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://news.abplive.com/entertainment/television/tara-from-satara-prithvi-vallabh-fame-sheezan-mohammad-to-play-male-lead-opposite-roshni-walia-1075189 |title='Tara From Satara': 'Prithvi Vallabh' Fame Sheezan Mohammad To Play Male LEAD Opposite Roshni Walia |date=16 September 2019 |website=news.abplive.com}}</ref>

In February 2020, he joined ''[[Nazar (TV series)|Nazar 2]]''<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/television-news/article/nazar-2-when-shruti-sharma-and-sheezaan-mohammad-scared-monalisa-with-a-prank-22651233 |title=Nazar 2: When Shruti Sharma and Sheezaan Mohammad scared Monalisa |date=2 March 2020 |website=Mid-day}}</ref> opposite [[Shruti Sharma]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/sheezan-mohammad-nazar-2-opens-abrupt-ending-says-expected-albeit-saddening-piece-news/ |title=Sheezan Mohammad of Nazar 2 opens up about the abrupt ending, says it was expected albeit a saddening piece of news : Bollywood News - Bollywood Hungama |first=Bollywood |last=Hungama |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |date=13 May 2020}}</ref> Amid [[Lockdown]] and [[COVID-19 pandemic]],<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/tv-industry-updates-may-12-6404600/ |title=TV news on May 12: Himanshi misses Asim, Nakuul shows off dance moves and more |date=12 May 2020}}</ref> despite having good ratings, ''Nazar 2'' went off-air.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/tv/news-gossip/nazar-2-featuring-sheezan-mohammad-and-shruti-sharma-go-air-gul-khan-shares-heartfelt-post-531428 |title=Nazar 2 featuring Sheezan Mohammad and Shruti Sharma to go off air, Gul Khan shares heartfelt post |date=10 May 2020 |website=PINKVILLA}}</ref> In 2021, he was seen as Aarya<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://theprint.in/ani-press-releases/sheezan-mohammed-of-pavitraa-bharose-ka-safar-opens-up-about-how-men-can-be-good-allies-to-women/735348/ |title=Sheezan Mohammed of Pavitraa Bharose Ka Safar opens up about how men can be good allies to women |first=ANI |last=PR |website=[[ThePrint]] |date=17 September 2021}}</ref> in ''[[Pavitra: Bharose Ka Safar]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/lifestyle/sheezan-mohammed-who-will-be-seen-in-pavitraa-bharose-ka-safar-talks-about-his-role-311517 |title=Sheezan Mohammed, who will be seen in Pavitraa Bharose Ka Safar, talks about his role |first=Tribune News |last=Service |website=Tribuneindia News Service}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/tv/hindi/pavitra-bharose-ka-safar-sheezan-mohd-on-his-co-actor-shaily-priya-thankfully-she-isnt-egoistic/videoshow/86062494.cms |title=Pavitra Bharose Ka Safar: Sheezan Mohd on his co-actor Shaily Priya: Thankfully, she isn't egoistic | TV - Times of India Videos |website=The Times of India}}</ref>

In 2022, he portrayed the lead role of Ali Baba opposite [[Tunisha Sharma]] in [[Sab TV]] show ''[[Ali Baba: Dastaan-E-Kabul]]''.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/sheezan-khan-excited-about-being-alibaba-on-small-screen/articleshow/93187187.cms |title=Sheezan Khan excited about being Alibaba on small screen - Times of India |website=The Times of India}}</ref> In December 2023, he appeared as Dr. Arjun Singh Thakur in [[Colors TV]]'s ''[[Chand Jalne Laga]]''.<ref>{{Cite news |date=1 December 2023 |title=Sheezan Khan joins Chand Jalne Laga |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/entertainment/sheezan-khan-joins-chand-jalne-laga-567703 |access-date=2 December 2023 |work=[[The Tribune]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Sheezan Khan On Quitting Chand Jalne Laga In Less Than A Month: I Was Reduced To Just Another Character - Exclusive |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/sheezan-khan-on-quitting-chand-jalne-laga-in-less-than-a-month-i-was-reduced-to-just-another-character-exclusive/articleshow/106151333.cms |access-date=5 January 2023 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref> Since September 2025, he was signed to play male lead, Siddhu in [[Zee TV]]'s ''[[Ganga Mai Ki Betiyan]]''.<ref>{{Cite news|last=|first=|date=16 September 2025|title=Sheizaan Khan opens up about his heroic entry as Siddhu in Ganga Mai Ki Betiyan; says, “What drew me in was his innocence”
|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/sheizaan-khan-opens-heroic-entry-siddhu-ganga-mai-ki-betiyan-says-drew-innocence/|access-date=18 September 2025|work=[[Bollywood Hungama]]|language=en}}</ref>

== Personal life ==
He previously dated actress Mrinal Singh.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/who-is-sheezan-khan-actor-arrested-in-tunisha-sharma-suicide-case-8343255/ |title=Who is Sheezan Khan, actor arrested in Tunisha Sharma suicide case? |date=25 December 2022}}</ref>

On 24 December 2022, Khan's co-star [[Tunisha Sharma]] committed suicide by hanging herself in his make-up room on the set of the television serial ''[[Ali Baba: Dastaan-E-Kabul]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tunisha Sharma dies by suicide: All we know so far |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/celebrity/story/tunisha-sharma-dies-by-suicide-all-we-know-so-far-2313262-2022-12-25 |access-date=25 December 2022 |website=India Today |date=25 December 2022 |language=en}}</ref> Sheezan was arrested after Sharma's mother filed a charge of [[abetment]] against him.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tunisha Sharma's co-star Sheezan Khan booked for abetment to suicide, arrested |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/tv/tunisha-sharma-s-co-star-sheezan-khan-booked-for-abetment-to-suicide-arrested-101671939675903.html |access-date=22 December 2022 |website=Hindustan Times}}</ref> On 5 March 2023, Khan was released on bail after 70 days in jail.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/celebrity/story/tunisha-sharma-death-case-sheezan-khan-reunites-with-sister-falaq-shafaq-as-he-gets-released-on-bail-2342943-2023-03-05 |title=Tunisha Sharma death case: Sheezan Khan reunites with sisters Falaq, Shafaq as he gets released on bail |date=5 March 2023 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/television/report-i-miss-her-sheezan-khan-says-if-tunisha-sharma-was-alive-she-would-have-fought-for-me-3028157 |title='I miss her': Sheezan Khan says if Tunisha Sharma was alive, 'she would have fought for me'}}</ref>

== Filmography ==

=== Television ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year
! Title
! Role
!Notes
! Ref.
|-
| 2013
| rowspan = "2" | ''[[Jodha Akbar]]''
| Young [[Akbar]]
|
| rowspan="2" | <ref name="auto"/>
|-
| 2014–2015
| [[Sultan Murad Mirza]]
|
|-
| 2016
| ''[[Silsila Pyaar Ka]]''
| Vinay Saxena
|
| rowspan="2" | <ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/celebrity/story/who-is-sheezan-mohammed-khan-arrested-in-tunisha-sharmas-suicide-case-2313364-2022-12-25 |title=Who is Sheezan Mohammed Khan, arrested in Tunisha Sharma's suicide case |date=25 December 2022 }}</ref>
|-
| 2017
| ''[[Chandra Nandini]]''
| Rajkumar Kartikay
|
|-
| 2018
| ''[[Prithvi Vallabh - Itihaas Bhi, Rahasya Bhi]]''
| Yuvraj Bhoj
|
| rowspan="2" | <ref>{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/question-mark-over-sheezan-khans-career-after-his-arrest-for-tunisha-suicide/articleshow/96519419.cms |title=Question mark over Sheezan Khan's career after his arrest for Tunisha suicide - Times of India |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>
|-
| 2019
| ''[[Ek Thi Rani Ek Tha Raavan]]''
| Raghav
|
|-
| 2019–2020
|''[[Tara From Satara]]''
| Arjun Priya
|
| <ref>{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/prithvi-vallabh-fame-sheezan-mohammad-roped-in-for-tara-from-satara/articleshow/71154829.cms |title=Prithvi Vallabh fame Sheezan Mohammad roped in for Tara from Satara - Times of India |website=The Times of India}}</ref>
|-
| 2020
| ''[[Nazar (TV series) | Nazar 2]]''
| Apurv Singh Chaudhary
|
| <ref>{{cite web |url=https://news.abplive.com/entertainment/television/sheezan-mohammad-opens-up-on-his-character-in-nazar-2-1166516 |title=Sheezan Mohd Opens Up On His Character In Nazar 2 |date=27 February 2020 |website=news.abplive.com}}</ref>
|-
| 2021–2022
| ''[[Pavitra: Bharose Ka Safar]]''
| Arya
|
| <ref>{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/tv/hindi/pavitra-bharose-ka-safar-pavitra-reveals-the-strategies-her-in-laws-are-making-against-her/videoshow/87610100.cms |title=Pavitra: Bharose Ka Safar - Pavitra reveals the strategies her in-laws are making against her | TV - Times of India Videos |website=The Times of India}}</ref>
|-
| 2022
| ''[[Ali Baba (TV series) | Ali Baba: Dastaan-E-Kabul]]''
| [[Ali Baba]]
|
| <ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/lifestyle/sheezan-khan-is-back-on-tv-as-the-lead-in-sony-sabs-magnum-opus-alibaba-dastaan-e-kabul-he-talks-about-the-show-and-his-role-428757 |title=Sheezan Khan is back on TV as the lead in Sony SAB's magnum opus 'Alibaba- Dastaan-E-Kabul'. He talks about the show and his role |first=Tribune News |last=Service |website=Tribuneindia News Service}}</ref>
|-
|rowspan="2"|2023
|''[[Fear Factor: Khatron Ke Khiladi 13]]''
|Contestant
|9th place
| <ref>{{cite web |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/sheezan-khan-needed-khatron-ke-khiladi-13-positive-confident-8830886/ |title=Sheezan Khan says he needed Khatron Ke Khiladi 13 at this point in life: 'Even when I went through so much anxiety, fear…' |date=19 July 2023}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Chand Jalne Laga]]''
|Dr. Arjun Singh Thakur
|
|<ref>{{Cite news |date=30 November 2023 |title=Twist in love story as Sheezan Khan joins 'Chand Jalne Laga' |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/twist-in-love-story-as-sheezan-khan-joins-chand-jalne-laga/articleshow/105631006.cms |access-date=2 December 2023 |work=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| 2024–2025
| ''[[Ghum Hai Kisikey Pyaar Meiin]]''
| Anubhav "Bhavi" Deshmukh
|
| <ref>{{cite web |title=Sheezan Khan Enters Ghum Hai Kisikey Pyaar Mein: A New Chapter Unfolds |url=https://www.news18.com/entertainment/television/disha-parmar-on-her-woh-apna-sa-journey-it-helped-me-at-the-worst-time-in-life-aa-9158151.html |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|2025-present
| ''[[Ganga Mai Ki Betiyan]]''
| Siddhanth "Siddhu" Singh Thakur
|
|
|}

=== Web series ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year
! Title
! Role
!Notes
! Ref.
|-
|2025
|Tu Aashiki Haii
| DSP Arjun Walia
|
|
|}

== See also ==
* [[List of Indian television actors]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb name|id=13922633}}
* {{Instagram|id=sheezan9}}

{{Portal bar|India|Biography|Television}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Khan, Sheezan Mohammed}}
[[Category:1994 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian male actors]]
[[Category:Contestants on Indian game shows]]
[[Category:Participants in Indian reality television series]]
[[Category:People from Meerut]]

Kuhelika (1952 film)

2026-03-07T06:46:44Z

YukikoTousignant: put up a article w/ infobox - done

{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Kuhelika
| image =

| alt =
| caption =
| director = Ramesh Bose
| producer =
| writer =
| screenplay =
| story =
| based_on = 
| narrator =
| starring =
| music = Dakshinamohan Thakur
| cinematography =
| editing =
| studio = Sunshine Productions
| distributor =
| released = {{Film date|1952}}
| runtime =
| country = India
| language = Bengali
| budget =
| gross =
}}
'''''Kuhelika''''' is a 1952 [[Bengali language|Bengali]] film.<ref name="RajadhyakshaWillemen1999">{{cite book|author1=Ashish Rajadhyaksha|author2=Paul Willemen|title=Encyclopaedia of Indian cinema|url=https://archive.org/details/encyclopaediaofi0000raja|url-access=registration|accessdate=17 December 2012|date=26 June 1999|publisher=British Film Institute|page=[https://archive.org/details/encyclopaediaofi0000raja/page/611 611]|isbn=9780851706696 }}</ref> The film was directed by Ramesh Bose and was made under the banner of Sunshine Productions. Dakshinamohan Thakur scored the music of the film.<ref name="Kuhelika 1952">{{cite web|title=Kuhelika 1952|url=http://www.gomolo.com/kuhelika-movie/13390|publisher=Gomolo|accessdate=17 December 2012}}</ref>

== Plot ==
{{No plot|dateDecember 2012|date=December 2012}}

== Cast ==
* Ahindra Choudhury
* [[Tulsi Chakraborty]]
* [[Amar Choudhury]]
* Santosh Sinha
* Ashu Bose
* Rajlakshmi Debi
* Nani Majumdar
* Bandana Debi
* Debiprasad Chowdhury
* Monika Ghosh
* Sushil Bandyopadhyay

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* [http://www.citwf.com/film190022.htm Kuhelika at CITWF]

[[Category:1952 films]]
[[Category:Bengali-language Indian films]]
[[Category:1952 Bengali-language films]]

{{1950s-Bengali-film-stub}}

Mooga Manasulu

2026-03-06T03:35:18Z

YukikoTousignant: corrected section based on references and added references

{{Short description|Indian film}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2021}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2021}}
{{Infobox film
|name = Mooga Manasulu
|image = Mooga Manasulu.jpg
|caption = Theatrical release poster
|writer = [[Acharya Aatreya]] [[Mullapudi Venkata Ramana]] {{small|(story / dialogues)}}
|screenplay = Adurthi Subba Rao
|producer = C. Sundaram
|director = [[Adurthi Subba Rao]]
|starring = [[Akkineni Nageswara Rao]] [[Savitri (actress)|Savitri]] [[Jamuna (actress)|Jamuna]]
|music = [[K. V. Mahadevan]]
|cinematography = P. L. Roy
|editing = T. Krishna
|studio = Babu Movies
|distributor = Sri Films
|released = {{Film date|df=y|1964|1|31}}
|runtime = 160 mins
|country = India
|language = Telugu
}}
'''''Mooga Manasulu''''' ({{translation|Mute Hearts}}) is a 1964 Indian Telugu-language [[romantic drama]] film directed by [[Adurthi Subba Rao]] who co-wrote the film with [[Acharya Aatreya]] and [[Mullapudi Venkata Ramana]]. The film stars [[Akkineni Nageswara Rao]], [[Savitri (actress)|Savitri]] and [[Jamuna (actress)|Jamuna]], with music composed by [[K. V. Mahadevan]].<ref name=jamuna>{{cite web|url=http://www.telugucinema.com/c/publish/stars/interview_jamuna_2009_2.php|title=Chit Chat with Jamuna|date=27 April 2009|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090501055610/http://www.telugucinema.com/c/publish/stars/interview_jamuna_2009_2.php|archivedate=1 May 2009|url-status=dead}}</ref> It is based on the concept of [[reincarnation]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/master-movie-maker/article5408372.ece|author=Randor Guy|title=Master movie maker|work=[[The Hindu]]|date=30 November 2013|accessdate=13 July 2021}}</ref>

''Mooga Manasulu'' received the [[National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Telugu|Certificate of Merit]] at the [[11th National Film Awards]], and the [[Filmfare Award for Best Film – Telugu]] at the [[12th Filmfare Awards South]]. It was screened at the [[Karlovy Vary International Film Festival]].<ref name="11thaward">{{cite web|url=http://iffi.nic.in/Dff2011/Frm11thNFAAward.aspx|title=11th National Film Awards|publisher=International Film Festival of India|accessdate=13 September 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120225213458/http://iffi.nic.in/Dff2011/Frm11thNFAAward.aspx|archivedate=25 February 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="jamuna" /> The film was remade in [[Hindi language|Hindi]] as ''[[Milan (1967 film)|Milan]]'' (1967) directed by Subba Rao himself, and in [[Tamil language|Tamil]] as ''[[Praptham]]'' (1971) directed and produced by [[Savitri (actress)|Savitri]].

==Plot==
The film is a gorgeous love narrative that faiths on [[reincarnation]], which begins with newlyweds Gopi & Radha walking on their honeymoon. Midway, they have a ferry in the river [[Godavari]] when Gopi hallucinates owing to the risk of whirlpool ahead. On landing at the nearby shore, reflections splash of his early life in Gopi's mind. At that point, they meet an old man who says that Gopi & Radha were deceased long ago. Gopi seeks Gowri, the naïve shepherd girl in those days. He rushes, knowing that she is still waiting for him at their graves since she pledged to die in his hands. Therein, Gopi spots an old lady lighting, who leaves her breath in his lap. As of now, Radha is perplexed when Gopi spins rearward.

Indeed, Gopi is a boatman and is credited by all for his amicable nature. Radha is the daughter of Zamindar and civilizing in the town. So, Gopi trespasses her across the river daily; the two share beyond relationship, and she silently loves him. Despite his reciprocation, Gowri devotes her life to Gopi and longs to knit him. Rambabu, the wealthy Radha's colleague, endears her. He expresses it via a letter when Gopi slaps him. Anyhow, Radha's virago stepmother, Ramadevi, refers to her vicious sibling, Rajendra. He applies it to his self-interest by fixing the alliance with a bribe from Rambabu. Radha is appalled and proceeds to Gopi but backs up on his passive response to her wedding. Radha accepts fate, spouses Rambabu, and departs to her in-laws's house. Besides, Rajendra lusts for Gowri and attempts to molest her when Gopi shields. It leads to enmity between them.

Tragically, ailing Rambabu dies, and Radha returns as a widow. Spotting it, Gopi is devastated, and he turns into a frequent to console grief-stricken Radha. The black guards spread rumors, making everyone suspect Gopi & Radha via Gowri. Listening to it, Gopi loathes himself and sets to die rebuking on Gowri. Gowri notifies Radha, who hastens to save him by stating these rumors become true and accompanying Gopi. Though Gopi hesitates initially moves on by no longer caring about society and starts crossing the river. Rajendra steps to slaughter them and instigates the villagers as enraged; they chase them—Gowri sacrifices by molding as mistress to Rajendra for guarding Gopi & Radha. At last, destiny backlashes through a whirlpool that mingles Gopi & Radha. Finally, the movie ends happily with the current reunion of Gopi & Radha, paying homage at Gowri's grave.

==Cast==
*[[Akkineni Nageswara Rao]] as Gopinath
*[[Savitri (actress)|Savitri]] as Radha
*[[Jamuna (actress)|Jamuna]] as Gowri
*[[Nagabhushanam (actor)|Nagabhushanam]] as Rajendra
*[[Gummadi (actor)|Gummadi]] as Zamindar
*[[B. Padmanabham|Padmanabham]] as Rambabu
*[[Allu Ramalingaiah]] as Appanna
*[[Suryakantham (actress)|Suryakantham]] as Ramadevi
*Lakshmikanthamma as Avva

== Music ==
{{Infobox album
|name = Mooga Manasulu
|type = film
|artist = [[K. V. Mahadevan]]
|released = 1964
|genre = Soundtrack
|length = 35:09
|label =
|producer = [[K. V. Mahadevan]]
}}

Music was composed by [[K. V. Mahadevan]]. All songs are evergreen blockbusters. Music released on Audio Company.
{|class="wikitable"
|-
!S. No.!!Song title !!Lyrics !!Singers !!length
|-
|1
|"Eenaati Ee Bandhamenatido"
|[[Acharya Aatreya]]
|[[Ghantasala (musician)|Ghantasala]], [[P. Susheela]]
|4:31
|-
|2
|"Godari Gattundi"
|[[Dasaradhi]]
|P. Susheela
|4:17
|-
|3
|"Muddabanthi Puvvulo Moogakalla Oosulu"
|Acharya Aatreya
|Ghantasala
|4:19
|-
|4
|"Gowaramma Nee Mogudevaramma"
|[[Kosaraju (composer)|Kosaraju]]
|Ghantasala, P. Susheela
|5:16
|-
|5
|"Naa Paata Nee Nota Palakala Chilaka"
|Acharya Aatreya
|Ghantasala, P. Susheela
|5:20
|-
|6
|"Paadutha Teeyaga Challaga"
|Acharya Aatreya
|Ghantasala
|4:38
|-
|7
|"Mukku Meeda Kopam"
|Acharya Aatreya
|Jamuna Rani
|3:19
|-
|8
|"Maanu Maakunu Gaanu"
|Acharya Aatreya
|P. Susheela
|3:29
|}

==Awards==
*[[National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Telugu]] - Certificate of Merit
*[[Filmfare Best Film Award (Telugu)]] (1964)

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|0261075}}
{{National Film Award Best Feature Film Telugu}}
{{Filmfare Best Telugu Film}}

[[Category:Indian black-and-white films]]
[[Category:Films about reincarnation]]
[[Category:Telugu films remade in other languages]]
[[Category:Films scored by K. V. Mahadevan]]
[[Category:Films directed by Adurthi Subba Rao]]
[[Category:1964 Indian films]]
[[Category:1964 Telugu-language films]]

Olavina Ole

2026-03-04T04:40:35Z

YukikoTousignant: new!

{{No plot|date=February 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2024}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Olavina Ole
| image = Olavina Ole.jpg
| alt =
| caption = Release poster
| native_name = 
| director = Teshi Venkatesh
| writer = Teshi Venkatesh
| screenplay =
| story =
| based_on = 
| producer = Mamatha Venkatesh
| starring = [[Santhosh Balaraj|Santhosh]] Neha Patil
| narrator =
| cinematography = Mahanthesh Maski
| editing = B S Kemparaj
| music = Yashovardhana
| studio = 
| distributor = 
| released = {{Film date|df=y|2012|11|30}}
| runtime =
| country = India
| language = Kannada
| budget =
| gross =
}}
'''''Olavina Ole''''' is a 2012 Indian Kannada-language romantic drama film directed by Teshi Venkatesh and starring [[Santhosh Balaraj|Santhosh]] and Neha Patil. The film talks about honour killings.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/south-masala/smells-like-sandalwood/articleshow/21257644.cms|title=Smells like Sandalwood|work=[[Bangalore Mirror]]|date=28 December 2012}}</ref> [[Aruna Balraj]] won the [[Karnataka State Film Award for Best Supporting Actress]] for this film.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/list-of-state-film-award-winners-2012/articleshow/40870457.cms|title=List of State Film Award Winners|work=[[The Times of India]]|date=25 August 2014|access-date=21 June 2023|archive-date=15 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180315163352/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/List-of-State-Film-Award-Winners-2012/articleshow/40870457.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>

== Cast ==
*[[Santhosh Balaraj|Santhosh]] as Narasimha
*Neha Patil as Mallige
*Shankar Ashwath as Doddayya
*[[Aruna Balraj]]

== Production ==
The film is directed by Teshi Venkatesh, who previously directed the action films ''Bangalore Bundh'' and ''Monda'' starring [[P. Sai Kumar|Sai Kumar]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiaglitz.com/teshi-back-in-action--news-79160|title=Teshi back in action|date=10 March 2012|work=Indiaglitz}}</ref> The film is based on a true incident that happened in the 1990s.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/content/295444/filmi-fundas.html|title=filmi fundas|work=[[Deccan Herald]]|date=30 November 2012|last=Shenoy|first=Megha}}</ref> To gain publicity for the film, Neha Patil and Teshi Venkatesh tried to create a controversy at the film's press meeting.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/bangalore/others/controversial-press-meet-for-film-falls-flat/articleshow/21282318.cms|title={{sic|nolink=y|'˜Controversial'}} press meet for film falls flat|work=[[Bangalore Mirror]]|date=12 November 2012}}</ref> The film ran into some financial trouble before release.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/south-masala/small-films-get-a-breather/articleshow/21272574.cms|title=Small films get a {{sic|nolink=y|'˜breather'}}|date=29 November 2012|work=[[Bangalore Mirror]]}}</ref>

== Soundtrack ==
The music was composed by Yashovardhana. The songs were released under the label Ashwini Media Networks.<ref>{{cite web | date = 2012 | title=Olavina Ole |url=https://www.jiosaavn.com/album/olavina-ole/E055a4V65IA_ |website=[[JioSaavn]] |access-date=4 July 2023 }}</ref>
{{Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| headline = Track listing
| title1 = Amma Ninna Usiridu
| extra1 = [[Hemanth (singer)|Hemanth]]
| length1 = 3:46
| title2 = Ammanobbale
| extra2 = Hemanth
| length2 = 5:23
| title3 = Entha Saavu
| extra3 = Badari Prasad
| length3 = 2:10
| title4 = Nee Nillada Nade
| extra4 = Badari Prasad
| length4 = 4:06
| title5 = Nodabyada Hanga
| extra5 = Hemanth, [[Anuradha Bhat]]
| length5 = 3:19
| title6 = Olavina Ole
| extra6 = [[Rajesh Krishnan]]
| length6 = 5:12
| total_length = 23:56
}}

== Reception ==
A critic from ''[[The Times of India]]'' wrote "An age old theme that doesn't suit the present generation's tastes. Old wine in new bottle".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movie-reviews/olavina-ole/movie-review/17417113.cms|title=OLAVINA OLE MOVIE REVIEW|work=[[The Times of India]]|date=29 November 2012|access-date=21 June 2023|archive-date=31 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190331043335/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movie-reviews/Olavina-Ole/movie-review/17417113.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> A critic from ''[[Bangalore Mirror]]'' wrote that "Despite some in-your-face (and ears) mistakes, Olavina Ole is an attempt that deserves appreciation and encouragement. Moreover, audience backing".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/reviews/olavina-ole-honourable/articleshow/21272253.cms|title=''Olavina Ole'': Honourable|work=[[Bangalore Mirror]]|date=29 November 2012}}</ref> A critic from ''[[Indo-Asian News Service|IANS]]'' wrote that "Director Teshi Venkatesh deserves appreciation for basing his screenplay on the real life incident even when caste conflicts have still not subsided in several places in Karnataka, and only a few honour killing cases are reported".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.news18.com/news/india/olavina-ole-review-the-film-lacks-narration-524781.html|title='Olavina Ole' Review: The film lacks narration|date=3 December 2012|work=[[Indo-Asian News Service|IANS]]|via=[[News18]]}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
*[https://www.indiaglitz.com/olavina-ole-review-kannada-movie-15487 ''Indiaglitz'' review]
*[https://www.nowrunning.com/movie/11745/kannada/olavina-ole/3998/review.htm ''Nowrunning'' review]
[[Category:2012 Kannada-language films]]
[[Category:Kannada-language romantic drama films]]
[[Category:2012 Indian films]]
[[Category:2012 romantic drama films]]

Chempakaraman Pillai

2026-03-03T11:39:48Z

YukikoTousignant: quick fix

{{Short description|Indian-born political activist}}
{{EngvarB|date=October 2013}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2024}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Chempakaraman Pillai
| image = Champakraman Pillai.jpg
| caption =
|other_names = Champak
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1891|09|15|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Thiruvananthapuram|Trivandrum]], [[Travancore|Kingdom of Travancore]], [[British Raj|British India]] (present day [[Thiruvananthapuram district|Thiruvananthapuram]], [[Kerala]], India)
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1934|05|26|1891|09|15|df=yes}}
| death_place = [[Berlin]], [[Nazi Germany]] (present day Germany)
|movement = [[Indian Independence movement]], [[Indo-German Conspiracy]]
|organization = [[Berlin Committee]], [[Provisional Government of India]]
}}
{{Reformation in Kerala}}

'''Chempakaraman Pillai''' (alias '''Venkidi''';<ref name="OnmanoramaIndugopan20160927">{{cite news |last=Indugopan |first=G.R. |title=Chempaka Raman Pillai: The freedom fighter who coined 'Jai Hind' |url=https://www.onmanorama.com/lifestyle/news/chempaka-raman-pillai-indian-revolutionary-freedom-fighter.html |date=27 September 2016 |website=[[Malayala Manorama|Onmanorama]] |access-date=7 October 2020}}</ref> 15 September 1891 – 26 May 1934) was an Indian-born political activist and revolutionary.<ref name="ScrollKrishnan20160817">{{cite news |last=Krishnan |first=Sairam |title=Did a Tamil man from Trivandrum mastermind the bombing of British Madras during World War I? |url=https://scroll.in/article/803179/did-a-tamil-man-from-trivandrum-mastermind-the-bombing-of-british-madras-during-world-war-i |date=17 August 2016 |website=[[Scroll.in]] |access-date=7 October 2020}}</ref> Born in [[Thiruvananthapuram]], he left for [[Europe]] as a youth, where he spent the rest of his active life as an Indian nationalist and revolutionary.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Mathew |first1=K. M. |last2=Mammen |first2=Matthew |title=Malayala Manorama Yearbook |date=2009 |page=301 |location=Kottayam |publisher=Malayala Manorama Co. |language=ta |isbn=978-8-189-00412-5}}</ref>

Although his life was mired in controversies, including a squabble with [[Adolf Hitler]],<ref name="onmanorama.com">{{cite web | url=https://www.onmanorama.com/lifestyle/news/chempaka-raman-pillai-indian-revolutionary-freedom-fighter.html | title=Chempaka Raman Pillai: The freedom fighter who coined 'Jai Hind' }}</ref> information on his life in Europe was sketchy in the immediate years after his death. More information has come out in recent years.<ref name="OnmanoramaIndugopan20160927" />

Chempakaraman Pillai is credited with the coining of the salutation and slogan "[[Jai Hind]]"<ref name="OnmanoramaIndugopan20160927" /><ref>{{cite book| title = Encyclopaedia of South Indian Culture and Heritage| publisher = New Bharatiya Book Corporation| year = 2021| page = 24| isbn = 978-93-5521-768-4| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=Qoe_EAAAQBAJ&pg=PA24| access-date = 16 December 2024}}</ref> in the pre-independence days of India. The slogan is still widely used in India.

Pillai, who started the Indian National Voluntary Corps on 31 July 1914, was instrumental in inspiring Netaji [[Subhas Chandra Bose]] to start the [[Indian National Army]] (INA).<ref name="onmanorama.com"/>

==Early life==
Pillai was born into a [[Vellalar|Tamil Vellalar]]<ref>{{cite book |title=TAMILNADU: A Journey in Time, Part 1 |author=George Abraham Pottamkulam |publisher=Notion Press |year=2020 |isbn=9781649516909 |url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/TAMILNADU_A_JOURNEY_IN_TIME_Part_1/AkQgEAAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=Chempakaraman+Pillai+vellalar&pg=PT145&printsec=frontcover |page=PT145}}</ref> family in [[Thiruvananthapuram]], capital of the erstwhile [[Travancore|Kingdom of Travancore]] in the modern state of [[Kerala]]. His parents, Chinnaswami Pillai and Nagammal, hailed from [[Nanjinad]] (Then Travancore, present-day [[Kanyakumari district]], [[Tamil Nadu]]).<ref name="ScrollKrishnan20160817" /> He left India in 1908 at the age of 17 with the help of a European.<ref name="Sendurpandian1999">{{cite journal |last=Sendurpandian |first=M. |title=Shenbagaraman Pillai – His German Connection and India's Freedom Struggle (1891–1934) |journal=Proceedings of the Indian History Congress |volume=60 |year=1999 |pages=1169 |jstor=44144227}}</ref>

==In Europe==
Pillai attended [[ETH Zurich]] from October 1910 until 1914, pursuing a diploma in Engineering. After the outbreak of the [[First World War]], he founded the International Pro-India Committee and based its headquarters in [[Zürich]], appointing himself president in September 1914. He also published a magazine under the name ''Pro India''.<ref name="Sendurpandian1999" /> During the same period an [[Berlin Committee|Indian Independence Committee]] was formed in Berlin by a group of Indian expatriates in Germany. This latter group was composed of [[Virendranath Chattopadhyaya]], [[Bhupendranath Dutta]], [[A. R. Pillai|A. Raman Pillai]], [[Taraknath Das]], [[Abdul Hafiz Mohamed Barakatullah|Maulavi Barkatullah]], Chandrakant Chakravarty, M. Prabhakar, Birendra Sarkar, and Heramba Lal Gupta.{{citation needed|date=August 2020}}

In October 1914, Pillai moved to Berlin and joined the [[Berlin Committee]], merging it with his International Pro-India Committee as the guiding and controlling institution for all pro-Indian revolutionary activities in Europe. Apart from [[Virendranath Chattopadhyaya|Chattopadhyaya]], Pillai was the only member of the Berlin group who was at all known; the rest were students who had responded to the call to serve their country.<ref name="Bose1971p92">{{cite book |last=Bose |first=Arun Coomer |title=Indian Revolutionaries Abroad, 1905–1922 |year=1971 |publisher=Bharati Bhawan |location=Patna |pages=92–93}}</ref> [[Lala Har Dayal]] was also persuaded to join the movement. Both of them cooperated with the German [[Intelligence Bureau for the East]] and helped creating German propaganda directed at Indian [[Prisoner of war|PoWs]] in German camps, particularly the [[Halbmondlager]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last=Liebau|first=Heike|date=2019|title="Unternehmungen und Aufwiegelungen": Das Berliner Indische Unabhängigkeitskomitee in den Akten des Politischen Archivs des Auswärtigen Amts (1914–1920)|url=https://www.projekt-mida.de/reflexicon/unternehmungen-und-aufwiegelungen-das-berliner-indische-unabhaengigkeitskomitee-in-den-akten-des-politischen-archivs-des-auswaertigen-amts-1914-1920/|journal=MIDA Archival Reflexicon|pages=2–4}}</ref> In Berlin, he delivered anti-British lectures before large audiences, and collaborated with the Berlin-India Committee in efforts to raise an Indian Nationalist Army Corps from among prisoners of war and Indian residents in [[Mesopotamia]], [[Turkey]] and [[Syria]].<ref name="Sendurpandian1999" /> By the middle of 1916, branch offices of the Indian Committee had been established in [[Zürich]], [[Amsterdam]], and [[Stockholm]], headed respectively by [[Jnan Chandra Dasgupta|Dasgupta]], Pillai, and [[Virendranath Chattopadhyaya|Chattopadhyaya]].<ref name="Bose1971p95">{{cite book |last=Bose |first=Arun Coomer |title=Indian Revolutionaries Abroad, 1905–1922 |year=1971 |publisher=Bharati Bhawan |location=Patna |pages=95–96}}</ref>

From his position in charge of the Committee's contacts with the outside world through [[Netherlands|Holland]], Pillai devised a plan to revive Indian revolutionary activities in East Asia. He was acquainted with the Indonesian nationalist exile Dr. Daus Dekkar, who had come to Berlin from [[Zürich]] in early January 1915 at [[Abdul Hafiz Mohamed Barakatullah|Barakatullah]]'s request. Pillai first asked Daus Dekkar to arrange the distribution of propaganda leaflets through Holland; then in July 1915 he proposed that Daus Dekkar travel to [[Thailand]] to establish a centre of Indian propaganda and foster cooperation between Indian and Indonesian nationalists. After jointly discussing the plan with [[Max von Wesendonck|Wesendonck]] of the German Foreign Office, Daus Dekkar departed [[Rotterdam]] on 8 September 1915, travelling via the United States, where he met [[Ram Chandra (Indian revolutionary)|Ramchandra]] at San Francisco, and then on to [[Tokyo]] and [[Bangkok]]. However, he was arrested at [[Hong Kong]] and confessed everything. Coming on the heels of earlier setbacks, the failure of this mission effectively ended Indian revolutionary efforts in South-East Asia.<ref name="Bose1971p143">{{cite book |last=Bose |first=Arun Coomer |title=Indian Revolutionaries Abroad, 1905–1922 |year=1971 |publisher=Bharati Bhawan |location=Patna |pages=143–144}}</ref>

==SMS ''Emden'' bombing of British Madras==

On 22 September 1914, The {{SMS|Emden}}, a German warship commanded by Captain Karl von Muller entered the waters off the coast of [[Madras]], and bombed the facilities near the Madras harbour and slipped back into the ocean. The British were taken aback in this sudden attack. His family stated that Pillai coordinated the German attack with his personal presence in the SMS ''Emden'', though this is not the official view. In any case, it is widely believed that Pillai and some Indian revolutionaries had a hand in the SMS ''Emden'' bombing of Madras.<ref name="ScrollKrishnan20160817" /><ref name="OnmanoramaIndugopan20160927" />

==War activities==
{{Main|Berlin Committee|Hindu–German Conspiracy}}
Indian Independence Committee ultimately became involved in the [[Hindu–German Conspiracy]] along with the [[Ghadar Party]] in the United States. The German foreign office under [[Kaiser Wilhelm II]] funded the Committee's anti-British activities. Chempakaraman and A. Raman Pillai, both from Travancore and both students at German universities, worked together on the Committee. Pillai later allied with [[Indian National Army]] chief [[Subhas Chandra Bose]].

Many of Pillai's letters to A. Raman Pillai, then a student in the University of Göttingen, were kept by Raman Pillai's son [[Rosscote Krishna Pillai]]. The letters reveal some aspects of Pillai's life in Germany between 1914 and 1920, as does one of July 1914, calling upon Indian soldiers in the [[British Indian Army]] to rise in revolt and fight against the British.

After the end of World War I and Germany's defeat, Pillai stayed in Germany, working as a technician in a factory in Berlin; when Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose visited [[Vienna]], Pillai met him and explained his plan of action.<ref>{{cite book| title = Encyclopaedia of South Indian Culture and Heritage| publisher = New Bharatiya Book Corporation| year = 2021| page = 24| isbn = 978-93-5521-768-4| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=Qoe_EAAAQBAJ&pg=PA24| access-date = 16 December 2024}}</ref>

==Post-war activism in Germany==
In 1919, Pillai formed the German-Indian League to continue his political activities in support of Indian independence.<ref name="Sendurpandian1999" /> By 1924, he was actively supporting the German "Nationalist Party" and delivered a lecture under the auspices of the League of Oppressed Peoples on "Indian Right to Freedom" and the "[[Non-cooperation movement (1919–1922)|Gandhi Movement]]".<ref name="Sendurpandian1999" />

In 1926, the [[Government of India Act 1919|Government of India]] intercepted a letter addressed by Pillai to the editor of the newspaper ''Navayuha'', published from [[Hyderabad]]. The letter was communicated to the [[Madras Presidency|Madras Government]] with instructions to take precautionary measures to deal with him if he returned to India, on account of his seditious and anti-British activities.<ref name="Sendurpandian1999" />

==Foreign Minister of Provisional Government of India==
[[File:Maaveeran Senbagaraaman.JPG|right|thumb|250px|Chempakaraman statue in [[Chennai]]]]

{{Main|Provisional Government of India}}
{{See also|Niedermayer–Hentig Expedition}}
Pillai was the foreign minister of the [[Provisional Government of India]] set up in [[Kabul]], [[Afghanistan]] on 1 December 1915, with [[Raja Mahendra Pratap]] as President and [[Maulana Barkatullah]] as Prime Minister. However, the defeat of the Germans in the war shattered the hopes of the revolutionaries, and the British forced them out of Afghanistan in 1919.

During this time, the Germans were helping the Indian revolutionaries from their own motives. Though the Indians made it clear to the Germans that they were equal partners in their fight against the common enemy, the Germans wanted to use the revolutionaries' propaganda work and military intelligence for their own purposes.<ref name=":0" />

In 1907, Pillai coined the term "Jai Hind",<ref>{{cite book|author=Charles Stephenson|title=Germany's Asia-Pacific Empire: Colonialism and Naval Policy, 1885-1914|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tOtCAQAAIAAJ|year=2009|publisher=Boydell Press|isbn=978-1-84383-518-9|page=233|quote=...Champakaraman Pillai, a committed anti-imperialist. He is credited with coining the phrase 'Jai Hind' meaning 'Victory for India'...}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=Saroja Sundararajan|title=Madras Presidency in pre-Gandhian era: a historical perspective, 1884-1915|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-ExuAAAAMAAJ|year=1997|publisher=Lalitha Publications|page=535|quote=To Champakaraman Pillai goes the credit of coining the taraka mantra "Jai Hind" in 1907...}}</ref><ref>{{cite book| title = Encyclopaedia of South Indian Culture and Heritage| publisher = New Bharatiya Book Corporation| year = 2021| page = 24| isbn = 978-93-5521-768-4| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=Qoe_EAAAQBAJ&pg=PA24| access-date = 16 December 2024}}</ref> which was adopted as a slogan of the [[Indian National Army]] in the 1940s at the suggestion of [[Abid Hasan]].<ref>{{cite book|author=Gurbachan Singh Mangat|title=The Tiger Strikes: An Unwritten Chapter of Netaji's Life History|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NiMgAAAAMAAJ|year=1986|publisher=Gagan Publishers|page=95}}</ref> After India's independence, it emerged as a national slogan.<ref>{{cite book|author=Sumantra Bose|title=Secular States, Religious Politics|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vrxsDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA49|year=2018|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-1-108-47203-6|pages=49–50}}</ref>

==Marriage and death==
In 1931, Pillai married Lakshmi Bai of [[Manipur]], whom he had met in [[Berlin]]. Unfortunately they had a short life together, as Pillai soon fell ill. There were symptoms of slow poisoning and he went to Italy for treatment.

Pillai died in Berlin on 28 May 1934. Lakshmibai brought his ashes to [[British Raj|British India]] in 1935 where they were later ceremonially immersed in [[Kanyakumari]] with full state honours.<ref name=Rose2007>{{cite news |last=Rose |first=N. Daniel |title=A Forgotten Fighter |url=http://orkut.google.com/c17467411-t2a31c39a3e13b67c.html |date=4 December 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170312074509/http://orkut.google.com/c17467411-t2a31c39a3e13b67c.html |archive-date=12 March 2017 |location=[[Chennai]] |newspaper=[[The New Indian Express]] |access-date=4 September 2018}}</ref> It was Pillai's final wish that his ashes be sprinkled in [[Nanjinad]] ([[Kanyakumari district|Kanyakumari]]), his family's native place.<ref name="ScrollKrishnan20160817" />

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{cite book
|title=They Too Fought for India's Freedom: The Role of Minorities
|author=Asghar Ali Engineer
|year=2006
|publisher=Hope India Publications
|isbn=81-7871-091-9
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mOM-AQAAIAAJ
|access-date=8 November 2014
}}
*Heike Liebau: "[https://www.projekt-mida.de/reflexicon/unternehmungen-und-aufwiegelungen-das-berliner-indische-unabhaengigkeitskomitee-in-den-akten-des-politischen-archivs-des-auswaertigen-amts-1914-1920/ „Unternehmungen und Aufwiegelungen": Das Berliner Indische Unabhängigkeitskomitee in den Akten des Politischen Archivs des Auswärtigen Amts (1914–1920)]." In: ''[https://www.projekt-mida.de/rechercheportal/reflexicon/ MIDA Archival Reflexicon]'' (2019), ISSN 2628-5029, 1–11.

{{Ghadar Conspiracy}}
{{Indian Revolutionary Movement}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Pillai, Champakaraman}}
[[Category:1891 births]]
[[Category:1934 deaths]]
[[Category:Indian revolutionaries]]
[[Category:Hindu–German Conspiracy]]
[[Category:People from Thiruvananthapuram]]
[[Category:People from Kanyakumari district]]
[[Category:Indian independence activists from Kerala]]
[[Category:Emigrants from British India]]
[[Category:Immigrants to the German Empire]]
[[Category:ETH Zurich alumni]]

Zohra Sehgal

2026-02-28T11:58:53Z

YukikoTousignant: general adjust citations and improved wording for consistency

{{short description|Indian actress and choreographer (1912–2014)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2022}}
{{Infobox person
| image = Zohra Segal on April 07, 2010 (cropped).jpg
| imagesize = 220px
| caption = Sehgal in 2010
| birth_name = Sahibzadi Zohra Mumtazullah Khan Begum
| birth_date = {{birth date|1912|4|27|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Saharanpur]], [[United Provinces of Agra and Oudh]]
| death_date = {{death date and age|df=y|2014|7|10|1912|4|27}}
| death_place = [[New Delhi]], [[India]]
| yearsactive = 1935–2007
| spouse = {{marriage|Kameshwar Nath Segal|1942|1959|end=died}}
| children = 2, including [[Kiran Segal]] and Pavan Segal
| occupation = Actress, dancer, choreographer
| relatives = See [[List of Hindi film clans#Mumtazullah Khan family|Mumtazullah Khan family]]
| awards = [[Padma Shri]] (1998) [[Padma Vibhushan]] (2010)
}}
[[File:Seghal.jpg|Actress and Dance Choreographer of repute, Charcoal on Paper by [[Amitabh Mitra]]|thumb|right]]

'''Zohra Mumtaz Sehgal''' (born '''Sahibzadi Zohra Mumtazullah Khan Begum'''; 27 April 1912 – 10 July 2014) was an Indian actress, dancer, and [[choreographer]]. Having begun her career as a member of a [[Dance in India#Contemporary dance|contemporary dance]] troupe, she transitioned into acting roles beginning in the 1940s. Sehgal appeared in several [[British film industry|British films]], [[British television shows|television shows]], and [[Bollywood|Bollywood productions]] in a career that spanned over eight decades.

Sehgal's most notable films include ''[[Neecha Nagar]]'', ''Afsar'' (1946), ''[[Bhaji on the Beach]]'' (1992), ''[[The Mystic Masseur]]'' (2001), ''[[Bend It Like Beckham]]'' (2002), ''[[Dil Se..]]'' (1998), ''[[Saaya (2003 film)|Saaya]]'' (2003), ''[[Veer-Zaara]]'' (2004) ''[[Saawariya]]'' and ''[[Cheeni Kum]]'' (2007); and the TV serials ''[[The Jewel in the Crown (TV series)|The Jewel in the Crown]]'' (1984), ''[[Tandoori Nights]]'' (1985–87) and ''Amma and Family'' (1996).<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/532769/Zohra-Sehgal Zohra Sehgal] ''[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]''.</ref> At the age of 90, she played the central character in the 2002 film ''[[Chalo Ishq Ladaaye]]''. Considered the doyenne of [[Indian theatre]], she acted with the [[Indian People's Theatre Association]] ([[Indian People's Theatre Association|IPTA]]) and [[Prithviraj Kapoor]]'s [[Prithvi Theatre]] for 14 years.<ref>[http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/Lifestyle/Specials/Stories/Zohra-Sehgal-Naughty-in-her-90s/articleshow/4240737.cms "Zohra Sehgal: Naughty in her 90s!"], ''The Times of India'', 8 March 2009.</ref>

Sehgal was awarded the [[Padma Shri]] in 1998,<ref name="Padma Awards">{{cite web |url=http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf |title=Padma Awards |publisher=Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India |year=2015 |access-date=21 July 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151015193758/http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf |archive-date=15 October 2015}}</ref> [[Kalidas Samman]] in 2001, and in 2004 the [[Sangeet Natak Akademi]] (India's National Academy for Music, Dance and Drama) presented her with its highest award, the [[List of Sangeet Natak Akademi fellows|Sangeet Natak Akademi Fellowship]] for lifetime achievement. She received the [[Padma Vibhushan]], India's second-highest civilian honour, in 2010.<ref>{{cite press release |title=This Year's Padma Awards announced |url=http://www.pib.nic.in/release/release.asp?relid=57307 |publisher=[[Ministry of Home Affairs (India)|Ministry of Home Affairs]] |date=25 January 2010 |access-date=25 January 2010}}</ref> She died in a [[New Delhi]] hospital on 10 July 2014 due to [[cardiac arrest]].<ref name="death" />

==Early life and family==
Zohra Begum Mumtazullah Khan was born on 27 April 1912 in [[Rampur district|Rampur]], [[United Provinces of British India|United Provinces]], [[British India]], to Mumtazullah Khan and Natiqua Begum. She was raised in a traditional [[Muslim]] household in [[Chakrata]] (present-day [[Uttarakhand]]) and was the fourth of seven children{{emdash}}Zakullah, [[Hajra Begum|Hajrah]], Ikramullah, Azra ([[Azra Butt]]), Amina and Sabra. Sehgal described herself as a [[tomboy]], who enjoyed climbing trees and playing outdoor games. She lost vision in her left eye when she contracted glaucoma at the age of one.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/bollywood-s-laadli-of-the-century-zohra-sehgal-dies-at-102/story-WQWBaBdmQHkLasdg4Qvg6H.html |title=Bollywood's 'Laadli of the century' Zohra Sehgal dies at 102 |date=10 July 2014 |work=Hindustan Times |access-date=10 November 2018 |language=en}}</ref> She was referred to a hospital in Birmingham where she was treated at a cost of £300.{{Citation needed|reason=a reference is needed for the validity of this information|date=June 2017}}

Following the death of her mother at an early age, Sehgal and her sisters were enrolled at the [[Queen Mary College, Lahore|Queen Mary College]], [[Lahore]]. Strict [[purdah]] was observed at the institute, and men invited to give lectures and seminars were only allowed to do so from behind a screen.<ref name=tot>[http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/delhi-times/zohra-segal-the-drama-of-life/articleshow/144678.cms Zohra Sehgal: The drama of life] ''The Times of India'', 24 August 2003.</ref> Having witnessed her sister's failed marriage, Sehgal decided against getting married herself.<ref>[http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=story_8-1-2003_pg3_8 Zohra Sehgal: ninety years young] [[Daily Times (Pakistan)|Daily Times]], 8 January 2003.</ref><ref>{{usurped|[https://web.archive.org/web/20081205160201/http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/mp/2002/12/19/stories/2002121900450100.htm "Ninety and spunky"]}}, ''The Hindu'', 19 December 2002.</ref> Upon graduating, her maternal uncle, Sahebzada Saeeduzzafar Khan, who was based in [[Edinburgh]],<ref>He was the first Indian principal of Lucknow Medical College.{{citation needed|date=December 2014}}</ref> arranged for her to apprentice under a British actor. They started from Lahore by car and, en route, crossed [[Iran]] and Palestine, before reaching [[Damascus]], Syria, where she met her cousin. Then they travelled into [[Egypt]] and caught a boat to Europe in [[Alexandria]].<ref name=hi>{{cite news |url=http://www.hindu.com/mp/2003/12/04/stories/2003120400400100.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20031223233217/http://www.hindu.com/mp/2003/12/04/stories/2003120400400100.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=23 December 2003 |title=Grandma of GLEE |access-date=12 April 2011 |location=Chennai, India |work=[[The Hindu]] |date=4 December 2003}}</ref>

In Europe, Sehgal's aunt encouraged her to enrol in [[Mary Wigman]]'s ballet school in [[Dresden]], Germany. Sehgal passed the entrance test without much prior experience in the dance form, and became the first Indian to study at the institution.<ref name=kir>[https://books.google.com/books?id=Lif-Ct05aVgC&pg=PA22 Kiran Sehgal] ''India's dances: their history, technique, and repertoire'', by Reginald Massey. Abhinav Publications, 2004; {{ISBN|81-7017-434-1}} p. 22.</ref> She stayed in Dresden for the next three years studying [[modern dance]], while living in the house of Countess Liebenstein. A significant turning point came in her life when she met [[Uday Shankar]] at a performance of the ''Shiv-Parvati'' ballet, which he had choreographed. Shankar promised her a job on her return to India at the completion of her course.<ref name=totu>[http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/articleshow/36760549.cms "The dashing dadima: Zohra Sehgal"], ''The Times of India'', 8 April 2001.</ref>

==Career==
Shankar contacted Sehgal through a [[telegram]], saying, "Leaving for Japan tour. Can you join immediately?"<ref name=hi/> Following that, Sehgal joined his troupe in August 1935. The group toured [[Japan]], [[Egypt]], and several parts of Europe and the United States. Sehgal soon established herself as the lead dancer of the troupe, along with Simkin, a French national. On their return to India in 1940, Sehgal became a teacher at the Uday Shankar India Cultural Centre at [[Almora]].<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/theatre/zohra-the-non-conformist/article23759821.ece |title=Zohra, the non-conformist |last=Khokar |first=Ashish |date=3 May 2018 |work=The Hindu |access-date=28 April 2019 |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> It was here that she met her future husband Kameshwar Sehgal, a young scientist, painter and dancer from [[Indore]], eight years her junior, belonging to the [[Radha Soami]] sect.

The two continued to work at the Cultural Centre and established themselves as leading choreographers. During their time in Almora, Kameshwar Sehgal composed a noted ballet for human puppets and choreographed the ballet ''Lotus Dance''.<ref>'' India's dances: their history, technique, and repertoire'', by Reginald Massey. Abhinav Publications, 2004. {{ISBN|81-7017-434-1}} p. 225</ref> The duo later migrated to [[Lahore]], where they set up their own dance academy, the Zohresh Dance Institute. Following the communal tension preceding the [[Partition of India]], they moved to [[Bombay]], with their one-year-old daughter, Kiran. Sehgal joined the [[Prithvi Theatre]] (where her sister, Uzra Butt also worked) in 1945, as an actress with a monthly salary of Rs 400, and toured across India with the group.

Also in 1945, Sehgal joined the theatre group, [[Indian People's Theatre Association]] (IPTA), acted in several plays, and made her film debut in IPTA's first film production, directed by [[Khwaja Ahmad Abbas]], ''[[Dharti Ke Lal]]'' in 1946; she followed it up with another IPTA-supported film, ''[[Neecha Nagar]]''. Directed by [[Chetan Anand (producer & director)|Chetan Anand]] and starring Rafiq Ahmed and Uma Anand, ''Neecha Nagar'' was one of the first projects of the [[parallel cinema]] movement in the subcontinent. Upon release, the film became a critical success and was screened as such international film festivals as [[Cannes Film Festival]], where it won the [[Palme d'Or]].<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=BfukTDZTBNMC&dq=Zohra+Segal&pg=PA31 "Theatre and Activism in the 1940s" (essay by Sehgal), ''Crossing boundaries'', by Geeti Sen. Orient Blackswan. Orient Blackswan, 1998]; {{ISBN|81-250-1341-5}}. p. 31.</ref><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=8y8vN9A14nkC&dq=Zohra+Sehgal&pg=PT88 IPTA] ''Encyclopaedia of Hindi cinema'', Encyclopædia Britannica (India) Pvt. Ltd, Gulzar, Govind Nihalani, Saibal Chatterjee. Published by Popular Prakashan, 2003; {{ISBN|81-7991-066-0}} pp. 63–64.</ref>

[[File:Uday Shankar Ballet Troupe, ca (1935-37).jpg|right|180px|thumb|Zohra Segal and [[Uzra Butt]], part of the ''Uday Shankar Ballet Troupe'', ca 1935–37.]]

During her stay in Bombay, Sehgal became friends with several theatre and film personalities. She continued her association with theatre, appearing in successful productions including [[Ebrahim Alkazi]]'s ''Din Ke Andhere'' (portraying Begum Qudsia) and [[K.A. Abbas]]'s stage productions for IPTA. She lived in a rented house owned by [[Chetan Anand (producer & director)|Chetan and Uma Anand]]. She also worked as a choreographer for Hindi films, including [[Guru Dutt]]'s ''[[Baazi (1951 film)|Baazi]]'' and [[Raj Kapoor]]'s ''[[Awaara]]'' (both 1951).<ref>[http://www.uiowa.edu/~incinema/Baazi.html Baazi] [[University of Iowa]].</ref>

After her husband's death in 1959, Sehgal moved to [[Delhi]] and was appointed as the director of the newly founded Natya Academy. She worked in the same position for about three years. Later in 1962, Sehgal was awarded a drama scholarship, which required her to move to [[London]], [[United Kingdom]]. She briefly worked as a dance instructor at a [[Chelsea, London|Chelsea]]-based school run by [[Bharatanatyam]] dancer [[Ram Gopal (dancer)|Ram Gopal]].<ref>''South Asian dance: the British experience'', by Alessandra Iyer. Published by Taylor & Francis, 1997. {{ISBN|90-5702-043-2}} p. 26.</ref> Following that, Sehgal made her television debut with a BBC adaptation of a Kipling story ''[[The Rescue of Pluffles]]'', in 1964. She went on to appear in three episodes of the science fiction fantasy series ''[[Doctor Who]]'' in 1964 and 1965; the episodes that Sehgal worked in, however, [[Doctor Who missing episodes|are currently lost]].<ref name=HoweWalker>{{cite book |last1=Howe |first1=David J. |author-link1=David J. Howe |last2=Walker |first2=Stephen James |author-link2=Stephen James Walker |title=Doctor Who: The Television Companion |year=1998 |publisher=[[BBC Worldwide]] |location=London |isbn=0-563-40588-0 |page=51}}</ref> She also anchored 26 episodes of [[BBC]] TV series, ''Padosi'' (Neighbours; 1976–77).<ref name=scree>[http://www.screenonline.org.uk/people/id/857648 Zohra Sehgal profile at screenonline.org.uk]</ref>

Sehgal's first film role came in 1982, when she was signed by [[Merchant Ivory Productions]]. She appeared in the [[James Ivory (director)|James Ivory]]-directed ''The Courtesans of Bombay'', which released later that year. This paved the way for an important role as Lady Chatterjee in the television adaptation of ''[[The Jewel in the Crown (TV series)|The Jewel in the Crown]]'' (ITV, 1984). She continued to make sporadic appearances in British films for the next few years, most notably in such productions as ''The Raj Quartet'', ''[[The Jewel in the Crown (TV series)|The Jewel in the Crown]]'', ''[[Tandoori Nights]]'', and ''[[My Beautiful Laundrette]]''.

===Return to India===
Sehgal returned to India in the mid-1990s and lived for a few months in Burdwan. At that time she acted in several films, plays and TV series. She first performed poetry at a memorial to Uday Shankar organised by his brother, [[Ravi Shankar]] in 1983, and soon took to it in big way; she started getting invited to perform poetry at various occasions. She even travelled to Pakistan to recite verses for "An Evening With Zohra Sehgal". Her impromptu performances of [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]] and [[Urdu]] became a norm. After stage performances she was often requested by the audience to recite [[Hafeez Jullundhri]]'s famous [[nazm]], ''Abhi To Main Jawan Hoon''.<ref name=totu/><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20040406081942/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1040403/asp/opinion/story_3078445.asp "I saw Zohra Segal..."], [[The Telegraph (Kolkata)|The Telegraph]], 3 April 2004.</ref><ref name=nani>[https://web.archive.org/web/20041116215127/http://www.hindu.com/mag/2004/11/14/stories/2004111400580500.htm "Real life drama: Ek Thi Nani"] [[The Hindu]], 14 November 2004.</ref>

In 1993, the critically acclaimed play ''Ek Thi Nani'' was staged in Lahore for the first time, featuring Zohra and her sister Uzra Butt (who was now staying in Pakistan). A performance of its English version ''A Granny for All Seasons'' was held at [[UCLA]] in 2001.<ref>[http://www.international.ucla.edu/eas/calendar/01-nov.htm 15 November 2001: Performance Reading of "A Granny for All Seasons"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110605130605/http://www.international.ucla.edu/eas/calendar/01-nov.htm |date=5 June 2011 }} [[UCLA]].</ref> She became very active in Hindi films in grandmotherly roles from 1996, with frequent appearances in high budget movies such as ''Dil Se'', ''Hum Dil De Chuke Sanam'', ''Veer Zara'', ''Saawariya'' and ''Cheeni Kum''. She was 90 when she did the film ''Chalo Ishq Ladaye'' in 2002, where she was the central character of the film and Govinda played her grandson. The film ''Ishq Ladaye'' had her riding a bike and fighting the villains as well. In 2008, at the [[United Nations Population Fund]] (UNPF)-Laadli Media Awards in New Delhi, she was named ''Laadli of the Century'', and the award ceremony was presided by the then Chief Minister of Delhi, [[Sheila Dikshit]].<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20121104070451/http://www.hindu.com/2008/05/16/stories/2008051661130300.htm "Zohra Sehgal is ‘Ladli of the Century’"], ''The Hindu'', 16 May 2008.</ref><ref name=tele>[https://web.archive.org/web/20070225020218/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1061223/asp/weekend/story_7148673.asp Zohra lives with her daughter Kiran who is a highly reputed Odissi dancer...]. ''[[The Telegraph (Kolkata)|The Telegraph]]'', 23 December 2006.</ref>

==Personal life==
Sehgal married Kameshwar Sehgal, a [[Hindus|Hindu]], despite some initial reluctance from her father. The ceremony was held on 14 August 1942; [[Jawaharlal Nehru]] was to attend the wedding reception, but he was arrested a couple of days earlier for supporting Gandhi's [[Quit India Movement]].<ref name=tot/>

Sehgal had two children; [[Kiran Segal]], who is an [[Odissi]] dancer and Pavan Sehgal, who works for the [[World Health Organization|WHO]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/fatty-funny-and-fine/article3481305.ece |title=Fatty, funny and fine |last=Pillai |first=Surya S. |date=2 June 2012 |work=The Hindu |access-date=28 April 2019 |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> Kiran Segal, wrote her mother's biography titled ''Zohra Sehgal: Fatty'', which was released in 2012.<ref name="The Hindu">{{Cite news |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/zohra-sehgal-doyenne-of-indian-theatre-dies-at-102/article6197852.ece |title=Zohra Sehgal, doyenne of Indian theatre, dies at 102 |date=10 July 2014 |work=The Hindu |access-date=28 April 2019 |agency=PTI |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref name=":0" />

==Death==
On 9 July 2014 she was admitted to the Max Hospital in [[South Delhi]] after being diagnosed with [[pneumonia]].<ref name="death">{{cite web |title=Actress Zohra Sehgal dies at 102 due to Cardiac Arrest |url=http://news.biharprabha.com/2014/07/actress-zohra-sehgal-dies-at-102-due-to-cardiac-arrest |agency=Indo-Asian News Service |publisher=news.biharprabha.com |access-date=10 July 2014}}</ref> She died on 10 July 2014, aged 102, after suffering [[cardiac arrest]]. Prime Minister [[Narendra Modi]] paid tribute to Sehgal on [[Twitter]], describing her as "prolific & full of life," and adding that she "made a mark through her acting which is admired across generations."<ref name="The Hindu"/> Also paying tribute, [[Amitabh Bachchan]] tweeted that Sehgal was "immensely lovable".<ref>{{cite web |author= |date=11 July 2014 |title=Immensely lovable: Amitabh Bachchan remembers Zohra Sehgal |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/zohra-sehgal-amitabh-bachchan-cheeni-kum-r-balki-twitter-200006-2014-07-11 |website=[[India Today]] |agency=[[IANS]] |location=Mumbai |access-date=28 February 2026}}</ref>

Sehgal was cremated on 11 July at Lodhi Road crematorium, Delhi.<ref>[http://www.ndtv.com/article/india/zohra-sehgal-grand-old-lady-of-indian-cinema-dies-at-102-556564?pfrom=home-lateststories Notice of death of Sehgal], ndtv.com. Retrieved 13 July 2014.</ref><ref>[https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/celebrities/story/zohra-sehgal-passes-away-199986-2014-07-10 "Zohra Sehgal Dies at 102"] ''India Today'', 10 July 2014.</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/zohra-sehgal-the-rebel-who-lived-and-died-on-her-own-terms-200167-2014-07-12 |title=Zohra Sehgal: The rebel who lived and died on her own terms |last=Kumar |first=Utpal |date=12 July 2014 |website=India Today |language=en |access-date=5 March 2019}}</ref>

==Filmography==

===Acting===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Year
! Title
! Role
! Notes
|-
|1935
|''Romantic India''
|
|
|-
|1943
|''Rahgeer''
|
|
|-
|1946
|''[[Neecha Nagar]]''
|Bhabi
|
|-
|1946
|''[[Dharti Ke Lal]]''
|
|
|-
|1950
|''[[Afsar (1950 film)|Afsar]]''
|
|
|-
|1953
|''Fareb''
|
|
|-
|1956
|''Heer''
|
|
|-
|1957
|''Paisa''
|
|
|-
|rowspan="2"|1964
|''The Indian Tales of Rudyard Kipling''
|Fareda / Ameera's mother / Ayah / Mrs. Hauksbee's Ayah
|5 episodes
|-
|rowspan="2"|''[[Doctor Who]]''
|Attendant on Ping-Cho
|Uncredited; 2 episodes; serial: ''[[Marco Polo (Doctor Who)|Marco Polo]]''<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0782247/ | title=Zohra Sehgal | Actress, Additional Crew | website=[[IMDb]] }}</ref>
|-
|1965
|Sheyrah
|Episode: "[[The Knight of Jaffa]]"<ref name=HoweWalker />
|-
|1967
|''[[The Long Duel]]''
|Devi
|
|-
|1967
|''[[Theatre 625]]''
|Amma
|Episode: "55 Columns"
|-
|1968
|''[[The Vengeance of She]]''
|Putri
|
|-
|1968
|''The Expert''
|Mrs. Singh
|Episode: "Miss Daley"
|-
|1969
|''[[The Guru (1969 film)|The Guru]]''
|Mastani
|
|-
|1973
|''The Regiment''
|Nanni Ji
|Episode: "Women"
|-
|1973
|''[[Tales That Witness Madness]]''
|Malia
|(segment "Luau")
|-
|1974
|''[[It Ain't Half Hot Mum]]''
|Rangi's Mother-in-Law
|Episode: "The Road to Bannu"
|-
|1978
|''[[Mind Your Language]]''
|Mrs. Singh
|Episode: "Many Happy Returns"
|-
|1983
|''[[The Courtesans of Bombay]]''
|Maria
|
|-
|1984
|''[[The Jewel in the Crown (TV series)|The Jewel in the Crown]]''
|Lili Chatterjee
|2 episodes
|-
|1985
|''[[Tandoori Nights]]''
|
|
|-
|1985
|''Harem''
|Affaf
|
|-
|1986
|''[[Caravaggio (1986 film)|Caravaggio]]''
|Jerusaleme's Grandmother
|
|-
|1987
|''Partition''
|
|
|-
|1987
|''Never Say Die''
|Gajmukhi
|4 episodes
|-
|1989
|''Manika, une vie plus tard''
|Mère de Ranjit
|
|-
|1989
|''[[The Bill]]''
|Mrs. Gunn
|2 episodes
|-
|1991
|''[[Masala (1991 film)|Masala]]''
|Grandma
|
|-
|1990
|''[[Mulla Nasiruddin]]''
|Old Woman / Story Teller
|TV Mini-Series
|-
|1992–1994
|''[[Firm Friends]]''
|Suvira Bhatia
|8 episodes
|-
|1993
|''[[Bhaji on the Beach]]''
|Pushpa
|
|-
|1994
|''[[Little Napoleons]]''
|Jayaben Shah
|3 episodes
|-
|1995
|''Amma and Family''
|Amma
|TV series
|-
|1995
|''[[Ek Tha Rusty (TV series)|Ek Tha Rusty]]''
|
|TV series
|-
|1998
|''Tamanna''
|Mrs. Chopra
|
|-
|1998
|''[[Dil Se..]]''
|Grandmother
|
|-
|1998
|''Not a Nice Man to Know''
|Guest
|TV series
|-
|1999
|''[[Hum Dil De Chuke Sanam]]''
|Dadi
|
|-
|1999
|''[[Dillagi (1999 film)|Dillagi]]''
|Ranvir's Grand Mother
|
|-
|1999
|''Khwaish''
|Aapa
|TV series
|-
|2000
|''[[Tera Jadoo Chal Gayaa]]''
|Elderly Lady
|(in song "Agre Mein Hai Mashoor")
|-
|2001
|''Zindagi Kitni Khoobsoorat Hai''
|Dadi
|TV series
|-
|2001
|''[[The Mystic Masseur]]''
|Auntie
|
|-
|2001
|''Landmark''
|Gran
|Short
|-
|2002
|''[[Bend It Like Beckham]]''
|Biji
|
|-
|2002
|''[[Anita and Me (film)|Anita and Me]]''
|Nanima
|
|-
|2002
|''[[Chalo Ishq Ladaaye]]''
|Dadi
|
|-
|2003
|''[[Saaya (2003 film)|Saaya]]''
|Sister Martha
|
|-
|2003
|''Kal Ho Naa Ho''
|
|
|-
|2004
|''Kaun Hai Jo Sapno Mein Aaya?''
|
|
|-
|2004
|''[[Veer-Zaara]]''
|Bebe
|
|-
|2005
|''Chicken Tikka Masala''
|Grandmother
|
|-
|2005
|''[[The Mistress of Spices]]''
|First Mother
|
|-
|2007
|''[[Cheeni Kum]]''
|Mrs. Gupta
|
|-
|2007
|''[[Saawariya]]''
|Lilian Ji aka Lilipop
|(final film role)
|}

==Awards==
* 1963 [[Sangeet Natak Akademi Award]]<ref>[http://www.sangeetnatak.com/programmes_recognition&honours_drama_acting.html Official list of awardees – Drama – Acting] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081106194425/http://www.sangeetnatak.com/programmes_recognition%26honours_drama_acting.html |date=6 November 2008 }} the [[Sangeet Natak Akademi]] Official website.</ref>
* 1998: [[Padma Shri]]<ref>[http://www.rediff.com/news/1998/jan/27padma.htm Padma Awards- theatre personality Zohra Sehgal and...] [[Rediff.com]], 27 January 1998.</ref>
* 2001: [[Kalidas Samman]]
* 2002: [[Padma Bhushan]]<ref name=padma/>
* 2004: [[List of Sangeet Natak Akademi fellows|Sangeet Natak Akademi Fellowship]]
* 2010: [[Padma Vibhushan]]<ref name=padma>{{cite web |title=Padma Awards Directory (1954–2013) |publisher=[[Ministry of Home Affairs (India)|Ministry of Home Affairs]] |url=http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151015193758/http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf |archive-date=15 October 2015}}</ref>

==Popular recognition==
On 29 September 2020, [[Google]] commemorated the anniversary of the release of her 1946 film, ''[[Neecha Nagar]]'', (on this day, the film released at the [[Cannes Film Festival|Cannes International Film Festival]]), with a [[Google Doodle|Doodle]]. The accompanying write-up says, "Among Sehgal’s notable early work was a role in the film “[[Neecha Nagar]]“ ("Lowly City"), which was released on this day in 1946 at the Cannes Film Festival. Widely considered Indian cinema's first international critical success, "Neecha Nagar" won the festival's highest honour: the Palme d’Or prize."<ref>{{cite web |title=Celebrating Zohra Segal |date=29 September 2020 |url=https://doodles.google/doodle/celebrating-zohra-segal/ |access-date=29 September 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://artsandculture.google.com/story/vAIypPB6cuQzIw?e |title=Zohra Segal}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/zohra-sehgal-google-remembers-iconic-indian-actor-dedicates-doodle/story-rL2z4Gl0tjF36dJqnnxL4H.html |title=Zohra Sehgal: Google remembers iconic Indian actor, dedicates doodle |newspaper=Hindustan Times |date=29 September 2020 |access-date=29 September 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/google-doodle-today-pays-tribute-to-actress-zohra-sehgal-2302412 |title=Google Pays Tribute To Actress Zohra Sehgal With Special Doodle |publisher=NDTV |date=29 September 2020 |first=Aman |last=Dwivedi |access-date=29 September 2020}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist|35em}}

==Further reading==
* ''Stages: The Art and Adventures of Zohra Sehgal'', by Zohra Sehgal, Joan Landy Erdman. Published by Kali for Women, 1997. {{ISBN|81-85107-59-9}}. (autobiography)
* [http://dnd.com.pk/obituary-zohra-sehgal/ Obituary of Zohra Sehgal —A jewel in the crown of Indian Performing Art.]
* [https://books.google.com/books?id=BfukTDZTBNMC&pg=PA31 Theatre and Activism in the 1940s . Essay by Zohra Sehgal] ''Crossing boundaries'', by Geeti Sen. Orient Blackswan, 1998. pp. 31–39. {{ISBN|81-250-1341-5}}.
* ''Shashi Kapoor presents the Prithviwallahs'', by [[Shashi Kapoor]], Deepa Gahlot, Prithvi Theatre (Bombay, India). Roli Books, 2004. {{ISBN|81-7436-348-3}}.

==External links==
{{commons category|Zohra Sehgal}}
* {{IMDb name|0782247}}
* {{Bollywood Hungama person|zohra-sehgal}}
* [http://dnd.com.pk/obituary-zohra-sehgal/ Obituary of Zohra Sehgal —A jewel in the crown of Indian Performing Art].
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20121021120921/http://movies.nytimes.com/person/64328/Zohra-Segal?scp=1&sq=Zohra%20Segal&st=cse Zohra Segal Filmography] at [[New York Times]]
* [https://blogmmaq.com/ Zohra Sehgal Performing Art] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211206093358/http://blogmmaq.com/ |date=6 December 2021 }}.
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20100218122035/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/zohra-sehgal-uncut-of-love-acting--bloody-mary/65957-19-single.html Zohra Sehgal uncut: Of love, acting & Bloody Mary] [[CNN IBN]]
{{s-start}}
{{succession box
| title = Oldest-living ''[[Doctor Who]]''-related person
| years = 23 October 2010–10 July 2014
| before = Lewis Alexander
| after = [[Olaf Pooley]]
}}
{{s-end}}{{Padma Shri Award Recipients in Art}}
{{Padma Vibhushan Awards}}
{{SangeetNatakAkademiFellowship}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sehgal, Zohra}}
[[Category:1912 births]]
[[Category:2014 deaths]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian actresses]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian actresses]]
[[Category:Actresses in Hindi cinema]]
[[Category:Hindi theatre]]
[[Category:Indian women centenarians]]
[[Category:Indian agnostics]]
[[Category:Indian female dancers]]
[[Category:Indian choreographers]]
[[Category:Indian women choreographers]]
[[Category:Indian film actresses]]
[[Category:Indian stage actresses]]
[[Category:Indian television actresses]]
[[Category:Dancers from Delhi]]
[[Category:People from Rampur, Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Sangeet Natak Akademi Award]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Sangeet Natak Akademi Fellowship]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Shri in arts]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Vibhushan in arts]]
[[Category:Actresses from Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Women artists from Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Dancers from Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian dancers]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian women artists]]
[[Category:Indian former Sunni Muslims]]
[[Category:Queen Mary College, Lahore alumni]]

Mandvi, Maharashtra Assembly constituency

2026-02-27T22:42:36Z

YukikoTousignant: Adding The Entry Initial Version

{{Short description|Constituency of the Maharashtra legislative assembly in India}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Mandvi
| type= SLA
| state = Maharashtra
| established = 1955 <ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.eci.gov.in/146-archive-delimitation-orders |title= Archive Delimitation Orders - Final Order DC (1953-1955) |access-date=31 January 2026 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]}}</ref>
| abolished = 1964 <ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.eci.gov.in/146-archive-delimitation-orders |title= Archive Delimitation Orders - Delimitation Commission (1964) |access-date=31 January 2026 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]}}</ref>
| electors = 73,764
| mla = Abdul Kadar Salebhoy
| party = {{Party index link|Indian National Congress}}
| constituency_no =
| latest_election_year = [[1962 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1962]]
| district =
| loksabha_cons =
| reservation = None
}}
Mandvi Assembly constituency was an assembly constituency in the [[India]] [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[Maharashtra]].
== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Election
! Member
! colspan=2|Party
|-
| [[1957 Bombay State Legislative Assembly election|1957]] || rowspan=2 | Abdul Kadar Salebhoy || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[1962 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1962]]
|}
== Election results ==
===Assembly Election 1962===
{{Election box begin|title = [[1962 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Mandvi<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1962 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_Maharastra_1962.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120117085627/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_Maharastra_1962.pdf|archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=Abdul Kadar Salebhoy |party=Indian National Congress |votes = 19,101 |percentage = 49.61% |change={{decrease}}5.07 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Manohar Gopinath Kotwal |party=Praja Socialist Party |votes = 8,718 |percentage = 22.64% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Hanashyam Hari Kale |party=Independent politician |votes = 5,629 |percentage = 14.62% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Munawar Usman Khan |party=Socialist Party (India, 1948) |votes = 3,804 |percentage = 9.88% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Pannalal Amritlal Shah |party=Bharatiya Jana Sangh |votes = 1,248 |percentage = 3.24% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 10,383 |percentage = 26.97% |change= {{increase}}4.47 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 39,975 |percentage = 54.19% |change= {{decrease}}5.12 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 38,500}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 73,764|ref = |change= {{increase}}18.48 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |loser = Indian National Congress |swing= {{decrease}}5.07 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 1957===
{{Election box begin|title = [[1957 Bombay State Legislative Assembly election]] : Mandvi<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1957 to the Legislative Assembly of Bombay |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1957/StatRep_Bombay_1957.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120114093455/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1957/StatRep_Bombay_1957.pdf|archive-date=14 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=Abdul Kadar Salebhoy |party=Indian National Congress |votes = 20,193 |percentage = 54.69% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Savarkar Shantaram Shivram |party=Akhil Bharatiya Hindu Mahasabha |votes = 11,885 |percentage = 32.19% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Fernandes George Mathew John |party=Independent politician |votes = 4,848 |percentage = 13.13% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 8,308 |percentage = 22.50% |change= }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 36,926 |percentage = 59.31% |change= }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 36,926}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 62,257|ref = |change= }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner = Indian National Congress |loser = |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Assembly constituencies of Maharashtra}}
[[Category:Former assembly constituencies of Maharashtra]]
{{coord missing|Maharashtra}}
{{Maharashtra-geo-stub}}

Mohitlal Majumdar

2026-02-27T07:38:43Z

YukikoTousignant: Adding Some Entry Initial Version

{{Short description|Bengali Poet, literary critic and essayist (1888–1952)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2018}}
{{Infobox writer 
| name = Mohitlal Majumdar
| birth_name =
| image = Mohitlal Majumdar.jpg
| imagesize =
| caption = Mohitlal Majumdar
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1888|10|26|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Kanchrapara]], [[Nadia district|Nadia]], [[Bengal Presidency]], [[British India]] (now in [[North 24 Parganas|North 24 Parganas district]], [[West Bengal]], [[India]])
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1952|7|26|1888|10|26|df=yes}}
| death_place = [[Calcutta]], [[West Bengal]], [[India]]
| occupation = [[Author]], [[Critics]], [[Professor]]
| nationality = [[India]]n
| genre =
| notableworks = Bishorini
}}

'''Mohitlal Majumdar''' (Bengali: [[:bn:মোহিতলাল মজুমদার|মোহিতলাল মজুমদার]]; 26 October 1888 – 26 July 1952) was an Indian poet and essayist in the [[Bengali language|Bengali]]-language. He began his journey as a poet, but later became literary critic.<ref name="Banglapedia"/><ref>{{Cite web |title=মোহিতলাল মজুমদার : দেহবাদী কবি |url=https://www.banglasahitto.in/2021/07/mohitlal-majumdar.html |access-date=2022-06-25}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=মোহিতলাল মজুমদার |url=http://onushilon.org/corita/mohitolal-mojumdar.htm |access-date=2022-06-25 |website=onushilon.org}}</ref>

==Life==
Majumder was born in a [[Baidya]] family on 26 October 1888 in the village of [[Kanchrapara]] in [[Nadia district]], [[India]] at his maternal uncle's house<ref name="Banglapedia">{{cite book |last=Rahman |first=Bilkis |year=2012 |chapter=Majumder, Mohitlal |chapter-url=http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Majumder,_Mohitlal |editor1-last=Islam |editor1-first=Sirajul |editor1-link=Sirajul Islam |editor2-last=Jamal |editor2-first=Ahmed A. |title=Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh |edition=Second |publisher=[[Asiatic Society of Bangladesh]]}}</ref>([[Kanchrapara]] is now in [[North 24 Parganas district]]). His native village was [[Balagarh]] in [[Hooghly District]] of present-day [[West Bengal]].<ref>''Bangla Sahitye Mohitlal'', Khan, Azharuddin, Jigyasa, Calcutta, 1961, p. 2</ref> He graduated in arts in 1908 from Ripon College (now [[Surendranath College]]), Kolkata. He began his career as a teacher at Calcutta High School in 1908 and continued in this profession until 1928. He also worked briefly as a kanungo (1914-1917) in the Settlement Department. He joined [[University of Dhaka]], now in [[Bangladesh]] as a lecturer in the Bengali and Sanskrit Department in 1928 and retired from there in 1944.<ref name="Banglapedia" />
His present house is in a state of ruin at Chongarbon.

==Writing career==
Mohitlal Majumder made his literary debut through the journal "Manasi".<ref>[https://sobbanglay.com/sob/mohitlal-majumdar/ Mohitlal Majumder biography] (in Bengali) ''sobbanglay.com''. Retrieved 2 October 2021</ref> Later, he contributed regularly to journals such as the Bharati and [[Shanibarer Chithi]]. His early poems, written in pleasing rhythms, reflect the aspirations and sorrows of a dreaming youth. Acquainted with Arabic and Persian, he used Arabic and Persian words in his poems. In pre-Nazrul era, he was the user of Arabic and Persian words. His poems are inspired by both aestheticism and spiritualism.<ref name="Banglapedia" />

Mohitlal early poems reveal the influence of [[Rabindranath Tagore]], but later, as a member of the [[Shanibarer Chithi]] group, he distanced himself from the older poet.

As a literary critic, Mohitlal attempted to set standards and reveal the problems of art and literature. His psychological and poet-like approach greatly elevated the status of criticism. In writing critiques he used a number of pseudonyms such as Krittivas Ojha, Sabyasachi and Sri Satyasundar Das.

Swapan Pasari (1921), Smargaral (1936), Adhunik Bangla Sahitya (1936), Bangla Kavitar Chhanda (1945), Kavi Shri Madhusudan (1947), Sahitya Bichar (1947), Bangla O Bangali (1951), and Kavi Rabindra O Rabindrakavya (1st Vol. 1952, 2nd Vol. 1953).<ref name="Banglapedia" />

===Poetry===
*Swapan Pasari [pushpo jibon] (1921)
*Bishorini
*Swaragaral (1936)
*Hemanta Godhuli
*Robi pradakshin
*Milanotkantha

===Essays===
*Adhunik Bangla Sahitya (1936)
*Kobi Sri Madhusudan (1947)
*Sahitya Bichar (1947)
*Sahitya katha (1938)
*Bichitra katha (1941)

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{Banglapedia|Majumder,_Mohitlal| Mohitlal Majumder}}
* {{OL author|OL3147A}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Majumdar, Mohitlal}}
[[Category:1888 births]]
[[Category:1952 deaths]]
[[Category:Bengali-language poets]]
[[Category:Bengali Hindus]]
[[Category:People from the Bengal Presidency]]
[[Category:Surendranath College alumni]]
[[Category:University of Calcutta alumni]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian poets]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian essayists]]
[[Category:Indian literary critics]]
[[Category:Indian male essayists]]
[[Category:Indian male poets]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian male writers]]
[[Category:Writers from Kolkata]]
[[Category:People from North 24 Parganas district]]

John Pennycuick (engineer)

2026-02-14T07:26:28Z

YukikoTousignant: adjusted references per sources

{{Short description|British Army engineer and civil servant}}
{{Use British English|date=July 2013}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2022}}
{{infobox person
|name =John Pennycuick
|image=John_Pennycuick_1895.jpg
|image_size =
|caption = Pennycuick in 1895
|birth_date =15 January 1841
|birth_place=Poona (modern [[Pune]]), India
|death_date ={{death date and age|df=yes|1911|3|9|1841|1|15}}
|death_place =London
}}
[[Colonel (United Kingdom)|Colonel]] '''John Pennycuick''' [[Order of the Star of India|CSI]] (15 January 1841 – 9 March 1911) was an Indian-born [[British Army]] [[army engineer|engineer]] and civil servant who served as a member of the [[Madras Legislative Council]]. He undertook several [[irrigation]] works which included the [[masonry dam]] of [[Mullaiperiyar Dam|Mullaperiyar]] on the [[Periyar River]].

== Early life ==
Pennycuick was born on 15 January 1841 at [[Pune|Poona]], a younger son of [[Brigadier-General]] [[John Pennycuick (brigadier)|John Pennycuick]] from [[Perthshire]] and his wife, Sarah. His father and his eldest brother, Alexander, fought and died at the [[Battle of Chillianwalla]] in 1849. He was educated at [[Cheltenham College]].

== Career ==
Pennycuick entered the [[Addiscombe Military Seminary|East India Company Military College]] at [[Addiscombe]], Surrey, in 1857, and was commissioned as a lieutenant in the [[Madras Engineer Group]] in December 1858.<ref>{{cite book|title=Addiscombe, its heroes and men of note|last=Vibart |first=H.M. |year= 1894 |publisher=Archibald Constable |place= Westminster | url=https://archive.org/stream/addiscombeitsher00viba#page/298/mode/2up/|pages=298, 701}}</ref><ref name=obit>[http://newspapers.nl.sg/Digitised/Article/singfreepressb19110412.2.7.aspx The Singapore Free Press and Mercantile Advertiser (1884-1942), 12 April 1911, Page 2]</ref> He arrived in India on 11 November 1860.{{citation needed|date=December 2011}} He commanded H company at Zoulla during the [[1868 Expedition to Abyssinia|Abyssinian campaign of 1868]]<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=23395 |date=30 June 1868|page=3676}}</ref> and received the [[Abyssinian War Medal]] for participation in the expedition. After promotion to Second Captain in 1870<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=23675 |date=4 November 1870|page=4734}}</ref> and Major in 1876,<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=24398 |date=29 December 1876|page=7144}}</ref> Pennycuick became a Lieutenant-Colonel in December 1883<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=25295 |date=11 December 1883|page=6375}}</ref> and a Colonel in December 1887.<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=25764 |date=6 December 1887|page=6800}}</ref> On 10 October 1895 the Queen appointed him a [[Order of the Star of India|Companion of the Order of the Star of India]].<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=26670 |date=11 October 1895|page=5585}}</ref> He served in the [[Public Works Department]] until January 1896. During his six years of service in the PWD, Pennycuick served as Chief Engineer in the construction of the [[Mullaperiyar Dam]].

Pennycuick was nominated to the [[Madras Legislative Council]] in November 1893. He was the last president of the [[Royal Indian Engineering College]] at Coopers Hill. He also held the position of President of the [[Sanitary]] Board and was a faculty in the University of Madras. He received a [[Telford Medal|Telford medal]] from the Institution of Civil Engineers. The [[Government of Australia|Australian government]] sought his advice for avoiding damage from flooding of the [[Brisbane River]] in 1899. He was a keen [[cricketer]] who played for [[Cheltenham College]], [[Marylebone Cricket Club]] and the [[Madras Cricket Club]]. His single appearance<ref>[http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/player/18888.html Cricinfo Player Profile]</ref> at [[Lord's]] against [[Somerset County Cricket Club|Somerset]] in 1883 is considered [[first class cricket|first class]].<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20150920122039/http://www.cricketarchive.com/Archive/Scorecards/2/2736.html MCC v Somerset, Lord's, 1883]</ref> [[Arthur Haygarth]] records in ''Scores and Biographies'' that Pennycuick was a "good batsman" and bowled "occasionally middle-paced and round-armed".<ref>[[Arthur Haygarth|Haygarth, Arthur]], [https://books.google.com/books?id=2l8IAAAAQAAJ Scores and Biographies], Volume XII, 1879, p.135</ref>

== Mullaperiyar Dam ==
{{main|Mullaperiyar Dam}}
Pennycuick decided to divert the west-flowing [[Periyar (river)|Periyar river's]] culmination in the [[Arabian Sea]] towards the East so that it could irrigate hundreds of thousands of acres of dry land depending only on [[Vaigai river]].

Pennycuick went ahead with the construction of the dam in spite of dangerous diseases and insects, as well as relentless storms. Large numbers of sand bags kept for the construction of the dam were destroyed due to severe flood. Since he could not get adequate funds from the British government, Pennycuick went to England and sold his family property to mobilise money to fund the project. The dam was completed in 1895.

The dam was inaugurated by [[Beilby Lawley, 3rd Baron Wenlock|Lord Wenlock]], the then Governor of the [[Madras Presidency]]. It resulted in irrigation of 223,000 acres in [[Theni]], [[Dindigul]], [[Madurai]], [[Sivaganga]] and [[Ramanathapuram]] districts.

Pennycuick used [[Lime (material)|lime]] and [[surkhi]] paste for construction, taking into consideration the gravitational force: this allows the dam to withstand tremors and remain strong. Pennycuick said: "I am going to be only once in this earthly world, hence I need to do some good deeds here. This deed should not be prorogue nor ignored since I am not going to be here again".<ref>'Kumudam' Tamil weekly magazine</ref>

==Death==
Pennycuick died in [[Camberley]], Surrey, on 9 March 1911. He is buried in the Churchyard of St. Peter's Church in Frimley. The grave has a substantial granite cross and plinth. In 2018 the grave was renovated and a large granite plaque was added in commemoration of his work on the Mullaiperiyar Dam. The plaque is from the states of [[Kerala]] and [[Tamil Nadu]] in recognition of the achievement.

== Family ==
Pennycuick married Grace Georgina Chamier in 1879. Their son, Sir [[John Pennycuick (judge)|John Pennycuick]], became an English barrister and [[High Court judge (England and Wales)|High Court judge]].

== Commemoration ==
[[File:Col J Penny Cuick, Chief Engineer PWD.jpg|right|thumb|250px|A stone plaque bearing Pennycuick's name in [[Vadipatti]]]]
* The Public Works Department (PWD) Office at [[Madurai]] houses a life-size bronze statue of Pennycuick. The PWD complex itself was named after Pennycuick by the state government.
* The PWD has erected four statues of Pennycuick on its premises, including a bust at the Periyar dam. The other busts are seen near the PWD Inspection Bungalow in Thekkadi and on its sub-divisional office premises at Uthamapalayam.<ref name="thehindu.com">{{Cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-tamilnadu/for-farmers-gratitude-to-pennycuick-knows-no-bounds/article2812915.ece|title=For farmers, gratitude to Pennycuick knows no bounds|newspaper=The Hindu|date=19 January 2012|last1=Sundar|first1=S.}}</ref>
* Farmers of Appantirupathi unveiled a granite portrait and distributed sweets on his birth anniversary.
* A memorial to Pennycuick at the Lower Camp in [[Theni district]] was unveiled in January 2013.
* A new [[bus terminus]] in [[Theni]] was named after him in December 2013.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/tamil_nadu/New-Bus-Stand-in-Theni-Named-After-Pennycuick/2014/01/03/article1979710.ece |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140106072852/http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/tamil_nadu/New-Bus-Stand-in-Theni-Named-After-Pennycuick/2014/01/03/article1979710.ece |url-status=dead |archive-date=6 January 2014 |title=New Bus Stand in Theni Named After Pennycuick |newspaper=The New Indian Express|date=3 January 2014 |access-date=8 December 2014 }}</ref>
* At Veerapandi (East Street), Balarpatti, Kutchanoor and Kuzhiyanur in Theni district, Pennycuick is remembered during the celebration of the traditional [[Thai Pongal]] harvest festival.
* Many children in this area are named after him.
* The people of Palarpatti in Theni district venerate Pennycuick by preparing [[Pongal (dish)|pongal]] in front of his statue on his birthday.<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/tamil_nadu/article332802.ece |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304222107/http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/tamil_nadu/article332802.ece |url-status=dead |archive-date=4 March 2016 |title=Pongal offered to Engineer |work=[[New Indian Express]] |date=17 January 2012 |access-date=24 October 2023 }}</ref>
* Many of the farmer families of the Theni and [[Madurai district]]s still keep portraits of Pennycuick and worship him as a god. Villagers prostrate before his portrait, offer prayers, decorate with garlands and perform aarati to his photos which are usually kept in the hall or in puja room along with images of other gods.<ref name="thehindu.com"/>
*A white marble bust of Pennycuick was donated to his descendants by [[A. K. Viswanathan]] (Commissioner of Police, Greater Chennai Police). This statue was unveiled at St Peter's Church in [[Frimley]] on 12 January 2019 by Indian High Commission Minister A. S. Rajan.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/police-gift-pennycuick-bust-to-uk/articleshow/67564368.cms|title=Police gift Pennycuick bust to UK|website=The Times of India|access-date=23 February 2019}}</ref>
*A bust donated from [[Tamil Nadu]] was unveiled in [[Camberley]] in September 2022.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |date=2022-09-07 |title=John Pennycuick: The British-era colonel revered in Tamil Nadu |language=en-GB |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-62816672 |access-date=2022-09-08}}</ref>

== Notes ==
{{reflist}}

== References ==
* {{cite book | title=The India List and India Office List| last=Great Britain India Office| year=1905| publisher=Harrison and Sons| location=London| pages=586}}
* {{cite book |url = https://archive.org/stream/dictionaryofindi00buckuoft#page/334/mode/1up/search/Pennycuick | title=Dictionary of Indian Biography| last=Buckland| first=C. E.| year=1906| publisher=Swan Sonnenschein & Co| location=London| pages=334}}
* [https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Players/32/32008/32008.html]
* {{cite news|title=Has the penny dropped right?|url=http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/mp/2003/06/02/stories/2003060200130300.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040103155852/http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/mp/2003/06/02/stories/2003060200130300.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=3 January 2004|author=S. Muthiah|authorlink=S. Muthiah|work=[[The Hindu]]|date=2 June 2003}}
* Booklet in Honour of Man Behind Mullaperiyar Released [https://archive.today/20130126072143/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-12-15/madurai/30519671_1_mullaperiyar-dam-booklet-madhavan]

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Pennycuick, John}}
[[Category:1841 births]]
[[Category:1911 deaths]]
[[Category:Companions of the Order of the Star of India]]
[[Category:British military engineers]]
[[Category:People educated at Cheltenham College]]
[[Category:Graduates of Addiscombe Military Seminary]]
[[Category:Indian cricketers]]
[[Category:Marylebone Cricket Club cricketers]]
[[Category:Members of the Madras Legislative Council]]
[[Category:British East India Company Army officers]]
[[Category:British military personnel of the Abyssinian War]]
[[Category:19th-century English people]]
[[Category:19th century in Tamil Nadu]]

Chromepet

2026-02-12T07:42:27Z

YukikoTousignant: refine formatting additionally and updated info

{{Short description|Suburb of Chennai, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2020}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Chromepet
| other_name =
| settlement_type = Suburb of Chennai
| image_skyline = Chrompet flyover.jpg
| image_alt =
| image_caption = MIT Flyover on [[GST road]]
| nickname =
| map_alt =
| map_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Chennai
| pushpin_label_position =
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Chromepet, Tamil Nadu
| coordinates = {{coord|12.951600|N|80.146200|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = India
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Tamil Nadu]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of Tamil Nadu|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Chengalpattu district|Chengalpattu]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[Metropolitan area|Metro]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[Chennai]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 49
| population_total =
| population_as_of =
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Tamil language|Tamil]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 600044
| registration_plate = '''TN-11''' (Tambaram)
| blank1_name_sec1 = [[Urban planning|Planning]] agency
| blank1_info_sec1 = [[Chennai Metropolitan Development Authority|CMDA]]
| blank5_name_sec1 = Civic agency
| blank5_info_sec1 = '''[[Tambaram Municipal Corporation]]'''
| website = {{URL|https://www.tnurbantree.tn.gov.in/pallavapuram//|Tambaram City Municipal Corporation-Pallavapuram office}}
}}

'''Chromepet''' is a suburb located in the southern part of [[Chennai]], [[India]]. It is situated around 22 km from the [[Chennai Central Railway Station]] and 4 km south of the [[Chennai International Airport]] on the Grand Southern Trunk (GST road). Formerly a part of [[Pallavaram|Pallavaram Municipality]], it is now governed by the [[Tambaram City Municipal Corporation]].Neighbouring areas include [[Thirumudivakkam]], [[Tambaram]], and [[Pallavaram]]. The 200-feet road connects Chromepet with [[Thoraipakkam]].

The neighbourhood is home to the [[Madras Institute of Technology]], whose alumni include former president of India [[A. P. J. Abdul Kalam]] and Tamil writer [[Sujatha (writer)|Sujatha]]. The neighbourhood is served by [[Chromepet railway station|the Chromepet railway station]] of the [[Chennai Suburban Railway Network]] and is a residential locality. Chromepet votes for the [[Sriperumbudur]] parliamentary constituency in the Indian national elections.

== Etymology ==
Chromepet is a [[Tanglish]] portmanteau, not a pure [[Tamil language|Tamil]] name. Earlier, the town was the home of Chrome Leathers<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.zaubacorp.com/company/THE-CHROME-LEATHER-COMPANY-LIMITED/U19113TN1943PLC000421|title=Chrome Leathers|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170323052942/https://www.zaubacorp.com/company/THE-CHROME-LEATHER-COMPANY-LIMITED/U19113TN1943PLC000421|archive-date=23 March 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> ,hence the name Chromepet, and ''pettai'' ([[Tamil language|Tamil]]: [[:ta:பேட்டை|பேட்டை]] means suburb). The Balaji Hospital now stands on the grounds of the factory{{citation needed|date=March 2025}}.

== History ==
Together with Pallavaram, the Chromepet area was referred to as "Pallavapuram."<ref name="Muthiah_2014">{{cite book | last = Muthiah| first = S. | author-link = S. Muthiah | title = Madras Rediscovered| publisher = EastWest | date = 2014 | location = Chennai | pages = 145 | isbn = 978-93-84030-28-5}}</ref> The area was part of [[Tondaimandalam|Thondaimandalam]] ruled by Thondaimaans who were allied with the [[early Cholas]] from around the 1st to 2nd century CE. Later, the area was passed on to the chieftains of the [[Satavahana dynasty|Satavahanas]]. Chennai, [[Chengalpattu|Chengalpet]], and the surrounding areas belonged to the Thondai Nadu during the [[Pallava dynasty|Pallava]] period (3rd to 7th century CE). The historic period proper begins with the Pallava kings and the earliest of their stone inscriptions is found nearby in Pallavaram (Pallava Puram) in a cave temple excavated by [[Mahendravarman I]] (600–630 CE). [[Narasimhavarman I]] who succeeded Mahendravarman I waged battles against Pulekesin of the [[Chalukya dynasty|Chalukya]] dynasty and defeated him at Manimangalam, which is 11 km (6.8 mi) south-west of Chromepet.

=== Chola period ===
During the later Chola period (9th to 12th century CE) the area, which is now called Chromepet, belonged to the Churathur Nadu, named after Thiruchuram, the modern Trisulam village near Pallavaram. The Churathur Nadu extended from Tambaram in the south to [[Adambakkam]] and [[Alandur]] in the north and included Pammal, Pallavaram and Tiruneermalai.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cmi.ac.in/gift/Epigraphy/epig_tambarammore.htm|title=Dr.Gift Siromoney's Home Page|website=cmi.ac.in|access-date=3 May 2018|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923204939/http://www.cmi.ac.in/gift/Epigraphy/epig_tambarammore.htm|archive-date=23 September 2015}}</ref>

=== Pandya, Chola, Vijayanagar ===
Later the lands passed on to [[Pandya dynasty|Pandya]], [[Chola_dynasty|Chola]] and the [[Vijayanagara Empire|Vijayanagar]] dynasties between the 12th and 15th centuries {{citation needed|date=March 2025}}.

=== British rule ===
During the [[British Raj|British]] rule in the 18th century, the leather industries developed in the southwest part of the city. The Chrome Leather Company was established in this area in 1912 by European merchant Alexander Chambers. After his lifetime, the Chrome Leather Company was run by his wife Ida L. Chambers. She became the sole owner of the Chrome Leather Company and its properties in 1965 through an Order and Decree passed by the Honourable Court, Madras. She died in 1968.

Today the lands and properties of Chrome Leather Company belong to the late Ida L. Chambers, and most of the land to the west of the railway station is owned by CLC.

After independence, the [[Madras Institute of Technology]] (MIT) was founded in 1949 in an area extending over 20 hectares at Chromepet. Residential and commercial development started in the 1960s. Kulasekarapuram is the name of the area before MIT was established.

=== Post-Independence ===
Development of New Colony and the auction of residential lots in the early 1950s, by the Chrome Leather Company, led to rapid residential and commercial development of the Chromepet area{{citation needed|date=March 2025}}.

== Neighbourhood newspapers ==
*''GST Road News''
*''Chrompet Times''<ref>http://chennaisonline.com {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160121154617/http://chennaisonline.com/ |date=21 January 2016 }}</ref>
*''Chrompet Talk''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://shopschennai.com/localnewspaper.htm|title=Local NewsPapers Chennai - Neighbourhood Newspapers|first=logesh|last=kumar|website=shopschennai.com|access-date=3 May 2018|url-status=usurped|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170825154400/http://www.shopschennai.com/localnewspaper.htm|archive-date=25 August 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://yptimes.com/chennai/localnewspapers.html|title=Local Newspapers - Neighbourhood Chennai|website=yptimes.com|access-date=3 May 2018|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170418214340/http://yptimes.com/chennai/localnewspapers.html|archive-date=18 April 2017}}</ref>

== Transportation links ==
[[Chromepet railway station]] provides commuter rail connection to Chennai and Tambaram.

Chromepet is 3 km away from [[Chennai International Airport|Chennai Airport]]. The Pallavaram – Perungudi bypass road connects Chromepet with Adambakkam, Nanganallur, Madipakkam, Medavakkam, Velacheri and Perungudi. Chitlapakkam main road connects Chromepet with Selaiyur and East Tambaram.

The [[National Highway 45 (India)|Grand Southern Trunk Road]] (GST) that connects south Indian cities to Chennai passes through this township.

The MIT Flyover connects [[National Highway 45 (India)|Grand Southern Trunk Road]] (GST) with Hasthinapuram and Chitlapakkam.
The Flyover (near Ponds company) connects Tiruneermalai on the west and Thoraipakkam 100 feet outer ring road with the GST.

There is a bus stand in Hasthinapuram, a neighborhood on the eastern side of Chromepet Railway Station. Buses to [[Tambaram]], [[Guduvancheri|Guduvanchery]], [[T. Nagar]], [[Madras High Court|High Court]], [[Chengalpet]], [[Avadi]], [[Pallavaram]], [[Velachery]], [[Vandalur]], Pozhichalur, [[Broadway, Chennai|Broadway]], etc. are available from Hasthinapuram.

There is a bus stop in Grant Southern Trunk Road (GST). There is also a Metropolitan Transportation Corporation Chennai (MTC) bus building centre and MTC bus depot on the east side of Chromepet.

=== Cultural Academy ===
Chromepet is home to the Chromepet Cultural Academy. Occasionally there will be Carnatic Kacheries performed in the academy. Experts from other places in Chennai come to sing songs during the 'margazhi utsav'.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.chennaidecemberseason.com/2018/12/chromepet-cultural-academy-margazhi.html|title=Chromepet Cultural Academy Margazhi schedule 2018|website=www.chennaidecemberseason.com|access-date=7 March 2025|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250307191600/https://www.chennaidecemberseason.com/2018/12/chromepet-cultural-academy-margazhi.html|archive-date=7 March 2025}}</ref>

== Economy and Commercial Significance ==
Chromepet has emerged as one of the most significant commercial powerhouses in South Chennai. Due to its massive concentration of high-density retail establishments and heavy daily footfall, the locality is frequently compared to [[T. Nagar]], the city's primary commercial hub. The stretch of the '''Grand Southern Trunk (GST) Road''' passing through Chromepet has evolved into a major shopping corridor, hosting some of the largest retail complexes in Tamil Nadu.

=== Retail and Shopping Hub ===
The commercial landscape is dominated by massive multi-story retail showrooms and national chains, making it a central shopping destination for the southern suburbs:
* '''Major Retailers:''' The area features massive outlets of '''Saravana Stores''' (Gold Palace and Elite), '''Pothys''', '''The Chennai Silks''', and '''Jayachandran Textiles'''.
* '''Fashion & Lifestyle:''' National and international retail giants such as '''Max Fashion''', '''Reliance Trends''', '''Zudio''', '''Pantaloons''', and '''Westside''' maintain a large-scale presence here.
* '''Electronics and Digital:''' Extensive showrooms including '''Reliance Digital''', '''Croma''', '''Poorvika''', and '''Sangeetha Gadgets''' are located along the GST Road.
* '''Jewellery Corridor:''' A primary hub for gold and diamond retail, featuring '''GRT Jewellers''', '''Prince Jewellery''', '''Joyalukkas''', '''Lalithaa Jewellery''', and '''Malabar Gold and Diamonds'''.

=== Healthcare Infrastructure ===
Chromepet is recognized as a premier international destination for multi-speciality healthcare and medical tourism:
* '''Dr. Rela Institute & Medical Centre:''' A world-class quaternary care hospital and a global leader in liver transplantation.
* '''Sree Balaji Medical College and Hospital:''' A massive multi-speciality teaching hospital and research center.
* '''Other Major Institutions:''' The locality is served by several other multi-speciality facilities including '''Sugam Hospital''', '''Parvathy Hospital''' (specializing in orthopaedics and trauma), '''Royal Balaji Hospital''', and '''Kavitha Ortho & Multispeciality Hospital'''.

=== Dining and Entertainment ===
The commercial density is supported by a large-scale food and entertainment ecosystem:
* '''Multiplexes:''' '''Vettri Theatres''' (a prominent 4K RGB Laser multiplex) and '''Varadharaja Cinemas''' serve as major entertainment landmarks.
* '''Dining:''' Massive outlets of prominent chains such as '''Adyar Ananda Bhavan (A2B)''', '''Sangeetha Veg Restaurant''', '''Dindigul Thalappakatti''', '''Starbucks''', '''KFC''', and '''Pizza Hut''' are situated in the heart of the commercial zone.

== Notes ==
{{Portal|India}}
{{reflist}}

== References ==
{{commons category}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20090409220657/http://www.chennai.tn.nic.in/chndistprof.htm Chennai history]
* [http://www.cmi.ac.in/gift/Archeaology/arch_tambaramhistory.htm Tambaram history]
* [http://www.cmi.ac.in/gift/Epigraphy/epig_tambarammore.htm More inscriptions from the Tambaram area]

{{Municipalities of Tamil Nadu}}
{{Neighbourhoods of Tambaram|state=collapsed}}

[[Category:Neighbourhoods in Tambaram]]

Andh language

2026-02-11T20:39:55Z

YukikoTousignant:

{{Short description|Indo-Aryan language of India}}
{{Infobox language
|name=Andh
|nativename={{lang|anr|आंध}}
|states= [[India]]
|region=[[Maharashtra]], [[Telangana]], [[Madhya Pradesh]]
|ethnicity=[[Andh]]
|speakers=100,000
|date=2007
|ref=e18
|familycolor=Indo-European
|fam2=[[Indo-Iranian languages|Indo-Iranian]]
|fam3=[[Indo-Aryan languages|Indo-Aryan]]
|fam4=[[Southern Indo-Aryan languages|Southern Zone]]
|fam5=[[Marathi–Konkani languages|Marathi–Konkani]]
|iso3=anr
|glotto=andh1242
|glottorefname=Andh
}}

The '''Andh language''', also known as '''Andhi''', is an [[Indo-Aryan language]] of the [[Marathi–Konkani languages|Marathi–Konkani]] branch spoken by 100,000 [[Andh]]s in India.

It appears Andh may be losing ground with many Andhs speaking [[Marathi language|Marathi]] at home.

==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Indo-Aryan languages}}
{{authority control}}

[[Category:Languages of India]]
[[Category:Konkani languages]]
[[Category:Southern Indo-Aryan languages]]

{{India-stub}}
{{IndoAryan-lang-stub}}

Marat Longri Wildlife Sanctuary

2026-02-07T12:48:24Z

YukikoTousignant: Adding First Info W/ Infobox

{{Short description|Wildlife sanctuary in Assam, India}}{{Infobox protected area
| name = Marat Longri Wildlife Sanctuary
| iucn_category = IV
| map = India Assam#India
| relief = 1
| mapframe = 1
| mapframe-zoom = 9
| location = Karbi Anglong district, Assam, India
| area = 451 km²
| established = 2003
}}

'''Marat Longri Wildlife Sanctuary''' is a [[List of wildlife sanctuaries of India|wildlife sanctuary]] situated in the [[Karbi Anglong district]] in the Indian state of [[Assam]].

== Description ==
The sanctuary was formed in 2003, spreading over an area of {{cvt|451|km2}}. It hosts animals like the [[Asian elephant]], the [[Hoolock gibbon]], the [[Bengal tiger|Royal Bengal Tiger]] and the [[Himalayan Black Bear]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-12-12 |title=Top Sanctuaries and National Park In Assam For Your 2022 Weekend Getaways |url=https://www.sentinelassam.com/more-news/life/top-sanctuaries-and-national-park-in-assam-for-your-2022-weekend-getaways-570225 |access-date=2024-10-12 |website=Sentinel Assam |language=en}}</ref> It is an part of Dhansiri-Lungding Elephant Reserve.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Wildlife Sanctuary {{!}} Principal Chief Conservator of Forest & Head of Forest Force {{!}} Government Of Assam, India |url=https://forest.assam.gov.in/portlets/wildlife-sanctuary#Marat |access-date=2024-10-12 |website=forest.assam.gov.in}}</ref>

An ISRO study in 2024 found that the sanctuary is facing a loss of its green cover.<ref>{{Cite web |last=IANS |date=2017-05-05 |title=Around 2,305 sq km of India's forest cover could be wiped out by 2025: ISRO study |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/news/around-2305-sq-km-india-s-forest-cover-could-be-wiped-out-2025-isro-study-62355 |access-date=2024-10-12 |website=The News Minute |language=en}}</ref> Land grabbing by encroachments is also another issue faced by the sanctuary.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-09-03 |title=KA: Eviction Drive Carried Out At Marat Longri Wildlife Sanctuary - Eastern Mirror |url=https://easternmirrornagaland.com/ka-eviction-drive-carried-out-at-marat-longri-wildlife-sanctuary/ |access-date=2024-10-12 |website=easternmirrornagaland.com |language=en-US}}</ref> A study found that the sanctuary hosts about 91 species of wild edible plants, including 2 fern species, which are consumed by the tribal people living within the sanctuary borders.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Phangchopi |first1=Urmika |last2=Teron |first2=R. |last3=Tamuli |first3=A. |date=2015-12-17 |title=Diversity of wild edible plants in Marat Longri Wildlife Sanctuary, Assam |journal=Indian Journal of Natural Products and Resources|s2cid=55725629 }}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Protected areas of Assam}}

[[Category:Wildlife sanctuaries in Assam]]
[[Category:Karbi Anglong district]]
[[Category:2003 establishments in Assam]]
[[Category:Protected areas established in 2003]]

{{Assam-geo-stub}}
{{India-protected-area-stub}}

Robert–Rajasekar

2026-01-27T17:32:37Z

YukikoTousignant:

{{Short description|Indian filmmaking duo}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2021}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2021}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Robert–Rajasekar
| image = Robert–Rajasekar.jpg
| caption = Robert (left) and Rajasekar (right)
| death_date = '''Robert:''' {{Death date|df=yes|2018|7|11|30}} '''Rajasekar:''' {{Death date|df=yes|2019|9|8}}
| occupation = Film directors cinematographers
| years_active = 1979–2019
}}

'''Robert–Rajasekar''' was an Indian filmmaking duo consisting of Robert Asirvatham and [[S. Rajasekar]]. They were active in film direction and cinematography in [[Tamil cinema]] of the 1980s. The duo are regarded to have ushered a "new wave" in Tamil cinema.<ref name="new wave">{{Cite news |last=Kolappan |first=B. |date=1 December 2018 |title=Cinematographer, director Robert dead |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/cinematographer-director-robert-dead/article25637871.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200628213743/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/cinematographer-director-robert-dead/article25637871.ece |archive-date=28 June 2020 |access-date=23 December 2021 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref>

== Career ==
In the 1970s, Robert Asirvatham and [[S. Rajasekar]] graduated as cameramen from the [[M.G.R. Government Film and Television Training Institute|Madras Film Institute]]. They debuted as cinematographers with ''[[Kudisai]]'' (1979), a low budget film directed by [[Jayabharathi (director)|Jayabharathi]], also from the institute. Robert–Rajasekar's next film was to be ''Naalai Ulagam Namadhe'', which was never completed. They were later hired to work in ''[[Oru Thalai Ragam]]'' (1980), which emerged a major success and a breakthrough in their career.<ref name="IE" /> Robert–Rajasekar made their directorial debut with ''[[Palaivana Solai (1981 film)|Palaivana Solai]]'' (1981), where they also wrote the screenplay (based on Rajasekar's story) and continued as cinematographers.<ref name="hindutamil">{{Cite web |date=13 September 2019 |title=அவர் ஒரு பொன்மாலைப் பொழுது |trans-title=He is a golden twilight time |url=https://www.hindutamil.in/news/supplements/hindu-talkies/515404-anjali-robert-rajasekaran.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191204135542/https://www.hindutamil.in/news/supplements/hindu-talkies/515404-anjali-robert-rajasekaran.html |archive-date=4 December 2019 |access-date=23 December 2021 |website=[[Hindu Tamil Thisai]] |language=ta}}</ref> The film was a success, and they received more directorial offers. Their next directorial venture ''[[Kalyana Kalam]]'' (1982), however, became a [[box-office bomb]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Shiva Kumar |first=S. |date=1982 |title=Suhasini fiasco |url=https://twitter.com/sshivu/status/1285529497010241536 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210917043157/https://twitter.com/sshivu/status/1285529497010241536 |archive-date=17 September 2021 |access-date=23 December 2021 |work=[[Sunday Mid-Day]]}}</ref> After two years of no work, they were offered to direct ''[[Chinna Poove Mella Pesu]]'' (1987) which emerged a success, and revitalised their career.<ref name="IE">{{Cite news |last=Kumar |first=N. |date=22 May 1987 |title=A courageous comeback |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=uoJlAAAAIBAJ&sjid=up4NAAAAIBAJ&pg=951%2C2154723 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201115170044/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=uoJlAAAAIBAJ&sjid=up4NAAAAIBAJ&pg=951%2C2154723 |archive-date=15 November 2020 |access-date=23 December 2021 |work=[[The Indian Express]] |pages=12}}</ref> In 2008, Robert–Rajasekar made their television debut by directing some episodes of ''[[Naanal (TV series)|Naanal]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |date=15 December 2008 |title=Sonia Agarwal debuts in Khushboo's telly soap |url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/report/sonia-agarwal-in-khushboos-tv-serial/20081215.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211223094040/https://www.rediff.com/movies/report/sonia-agarwal-in-khushboos-tv-serial/20081215.htm |archive-date=23 December 2021 |access-date=23 December 2021 |website=[[Rediff.com]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=10 December 2008 |title=Sonia plays a widow in Naanal |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/2008/dec/10/sonia-plays-a-widow-in-naanal-9638.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200704012213/https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/2008/dec/10/sonia-plays-a-widow-in-naanal-9638.html |archive-date=4 July 2020 |access-date=23 December 2021 |website=[[The New Indian Express]]}}</ref>

== Deaths ==
Robert died on 30 November 2018,<ref name="new wave" /> and Rajasekar on 8 September 2019.<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 September 2019 |title=Veteran actor-director Rajasekar passes away |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/tamil/veteran-actor-director-rajasekar-passes-away-5977308/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191213121752/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/tamil/veteran-actor-director-rajasekar-passes-away-5977308/ |archive-date=13 December 2019 |access-date=23 December 2021 |website=[[The Indian Express]]}}</ref>

== Filmography ==
{| class="wikitable"
|+
|-
! rowspan="2" | Year !! rowspan="2" | Title !! colspan="2" | Worked as
! rowspan="2" |Notes!! rowspan="2" | {{tooltip|Ref.|References}}
|-
!Cinematographer
!Director
|-
| 1979
| ''[[Kudisai]]''
| {{yes}}
|
|
| style="text-align:center;" |
|-
| 1980
| ''[[Oru Thalai Ragam]]''
| {{yes}}
|
|
| style="text-align:center;" |
|-
| 1981 || ''[[Palaivana Solai (1981 film)|Palaivana Solai]]''
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
|
| style="text-align:center;" |
|-
| 1982 || ''[[Kalyana Kalam]]''
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
|
| style="text-align:center;" |
|-
|1983
|''[[Dhooram Adhighamillai]]''
|{{yes}}
|{{yes}}
|
|
|-
| 1987
| ''[[Chinna Poove Mella Pesu]]''
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
|
| style="text-align:center;" |
|-
| rowspan="2" | 1988
| ''[[Manasukkul Mathappu]]''
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
|
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref name="hindutamil" />
|-
| ''[[Paravaigal Palavitham]]''
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| |
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |last=Krishnaswamy |first=N. |date=9 December 1988 |title=Paravaigal Palavitham |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=P9oYG7HA76QC&dat=19881209&printsec=frontpage&hl=en |access-date=23 December 2021 |work=[[The Indian Express]] |pages=5}}{{cbignore}}</ref>
|-
| 2008
| ''[[Naanal (TV series)|Naanal]]''
|
| {{yes}}
| TV series
| style="text-align:center;" |
|}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb name|id=1162601}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Robert-Rajasekar}}
[[Category:Indian filmmaking duos]]
[[Category:Indian male screenwriters]]
[[Category:Indian screenwriting duos]]
[[Category:Tamil film directors]]

Jaya Jayahe Telangana

2026-01-26T21:24:29Z

YukikoTousignant: new redirect

#REDIRECT [[Jaya Jaya Hē Telangāṇa]]

Tata Play

2026-01-26T17:32:05Z

YukikoTousignant:

{{short description|Indian satellite television service}}
{{EngvarB|date=June 2019}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2019}}
{{Infobox company
| name = Tata Play
| logo = Tata Play 2022 logo.svg
| logo_size =
| former_name = Tata Sky (2006–2022)
| type = Private
| area_served = India
| key_people = [[Harit Nagpal]] {{small|(MD and CEO)}}
| industry = [[Satellite television]]
| services = {{Bulleted_list|[[Direct broadcast satellite|Satellite]]|[[Pay television]]|[[Pay-per-view]]|[[Streaming television]]}}
| revenue = {{up}}
{{INRConvert|4741|c}} (2022)
| net_income = {{up}}
{{INRConvert|69|c}} (2022)
| num_employees = 1,500
| parent = [[Tata Group]]
| subsid = Tata Play Fiber
 Tata Play Binge
| footnotes =
| Satellite =
| founded = {{Start date and age|df=yes|2006|08|08}}
| homepage = {{URL|https://www.tataplay.com/}}
}}
'''Tata Play''' is an Indian [[Subscription business model|subscription-based]] [[satellite television]] (DTH) service provider owned by [[Tata Group]]. it was using [[MPEG-4]] digital compression technology, transmitting using [[INSAT-4A]] [[GSAT-10]] and [[CMS-02]] satellites.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.lyngsat.com/packages/tatasky.html |title= Tata Sky on Insat 4A |access-date= 10 August 2008 |publisher= LyngSat |url-status= dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20080809014755/http://www.lyngsat.com/packages/tatasky.html |archive-date= 9 August 2008 |df= dmy-all }}</ref> Incorporated in 2005, it currently offers 690+ channels, 579+ [[Standard-definition television|SD]] channels, 110+ [[High-definition television|HD]] channels and 1 UHD channel, along with 50+ other value added services in Standard definition and High definition, free SD+1 and HD+1 services with some channels and many internet based channels. Tata Play is the largest DTH service provider in India.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=The Indian Telecom Services Performance Indicators, January - March, 2023 |url=https://www.trai.gov.in/sites/default/files/QPIR_21082023_0.pdf}}</ref> As of March 2023, according to [[Telecom Regulatory Authority of India|TRAI]] Tata Play serves 21.3 million subscribers which is 32.65% of total [[Direct-to-home television in India|DTH]] users in India.<ref name=":0" />

Tata Play entered into an agreement with French firm [[Vantiva]] to supply [[4K resolution|4K]] [[Set-top box|set top boxes]] from early 2015.<ref>{{cite web|author=PTI |url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/media/entertainment/entertainment/tatasky-to-start-4k-ultra-hd-beaming-from-next-year/articleshow/37781110.cms |title=TataSky to start 4K ultra HD beaming from next year – The Economic Times |publisher=Economictimes.indiatimes.com |date=2014-07-04 |access-date=2016-10-28}}</ref> The company was formerly known as Tata Sky.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://m.economictimes.com/industry/media/entertainment/tata-sky-is-now-tata-play-firm-drops-brand-name-after-18-year-run/articleshow/89127825.cms | title=Tata Sky is now Tata Play, firm drops brand name after 18-year-run | newspaper=The Economic Times | date=27 January 2022 | last1=Laghate | first1=Gaurav }}</ref>

==History==
[[File:Tata_Sky_Logo.jpg|alt=Tata Sky logo|Logo of former name (Tata Sky)|thumb|200x200px]]
Tata Sky was a [[joint venture]] between the [[Tata Group]] and [[News Corporation]], which owned 80% and 20% stakes respectively<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.tata.com/company/profile/Tata-Sky |title=Tata Sky – Tata companies – Tata group |publisher=Tata.com |access-date=2016-10-28 |archive-date=2 December 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161202180645/http://www.tata.com/company/profile/Tata-Sky |url-status=dead }}</ref> until 2008, when [[Singapore]]-based [[Temasek Holdings]] picked up a 10% stake in Tata Play from the Tata Group. Tata Sky was incorporated in 2001, but launched services on 8 August 2006.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://telecomtalk.info/tatasky-free-channels/155869/ |title=TataSky to offer all channels and services free to all active users for 2 weeks on account of 10th Anniversary celebrations |publisher=Telecomtalk.info |date=2016-08-05 |access-date=2016-10-28}}</ref>

Tata Sky's [[holding company]], 21st Century Fox, formerly owned an international group of DTH businesses that include [[Sky Italia]] in Italy and [[Sky UK]] in the United Kingdom. The company uses the Sky brand under a licence from [[Sky Group]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tatasky.com/wps/portal/tatasky/home/footerpages/corporateinfo |title=About Tata Sky DTH (India), its DTH services, DTH channels & DTH packages on offer |publisher=Tatasky.com |access-date=2016-10-28}}</ref>

Tata Sky partnered with [[Ericsson]] to launch the first [[Video on demand|Video on Demand]] (VOD) services in India in 2012.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ericsson.com/en/cases/2012/tata-sky-india-more-content--more-choice|title=Video On Demand|date=2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190512035820/https://www.ericsson.com/en/cases/2012/tata-sky-india-more-content--more-choice|archive-date=12 May 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref>

On 9 January 2015, Tata Sky became the first Indian DTH operator to offer [[4K resolution|4K]] [[Set-top box|set-top-boxes]] to its consumers.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thehindu.com/business/Industry/tatasky-launches-countrys-first-4k-settop-box/article6775606.ece |title=TataSky launches country's first 4K set-top box |work=The Hindu |date=2015-01-10 |access-date=2016-10-28}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/scitech/report-tatasky-launches-country-s-first-4k-set-top-box-2051459 |title=Tata Sky launches India's first 4K set-top box with UHD capability | Latest News & Updates at Daily News & Analysis |publisher=Dnaindia.com |date=2015-01-11 |access-date=2016-10-28}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://tech.firstpost.com/news-analysis/tata-sky-launches-4k-uhd-set-top-in-india-will-cost-rs-6400-for-new-users-249271.html |title=Tata Sky launches 4K UHD set-top in India, will cost Rs 6400 for new users – Tech2 |publisher=Tech.firstpost.com |date=2015-01-12 |access-date=2016-10-28 |archive-date=5 November 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161105234343/http://tech.firstpost.com/news-analysis/tata-sky-launches-4k-uhd-set-top-in-india-will-cost-rs-6400-for-new-users-249271.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>

On 20 March 2019, [[The Walt Disney Company]] completed acquisition of [[21st Century Fox]], making them their new 30% stakeholder, replacing 21st Century Fox.<ref name="thewaltdisneycompany.com">{{cite web|url=https://www.thewaltdisneycompany.com/disneys-acquisition-of-21st-century-fox-will-bring-an-unprecedented-collection-of-content-and-talent-to-consumers-around-the-world/|title=Disney's Acquisition of 21st Century Fox Will Bring an Unprecedented Collection of Content and Talent to Consumers Around the World|date=19 March 2019|website=The Walt Disney Company}}</ref>

On 26 January 2022, Tata Sky changed its name to Tata Play as the company decided to drop the 'Sky' brand name after 18 years.<ref>{{cite news|last=Laghate|first=Gaurav|title=Tata Sky is now Tata Play, firm drops brand name after 18-year-run|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/media/entertainment/tata-sky-is-now-tata-play-firm-drops-brand-name-after-18-year-run/articleshow/89127825.cms|work=The Economic Times|date=26 January 2022|access-date=26 January 2022}}</ref>

On 4 September 2022, Tata Sons and the Walt Disney Company India finally agreed to launch an [[initial public offering]] (IPO) for the company after multiple failed attempts in 2013, 2016 and 2019.<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Laghate |first1=Gaurav |last2=Vijayraghavan |first2=Kala |title=Tatas, Walt Disney to finally launch Tata Play IPO |work=The Economic Times |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/markets/ipos/fpos/tatas-walt-disney-to-finally-launch-tata-play-ipo/articleshow/93985386.cms |access-date=2022-09-05}}</ref> It has been reported that Disney may sell 10% of its current 30% share in order to abide by media cross-holding regulations, which limit broadcasters' equity in DTH companies to 20%.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Pinto |first=Viveat Susan |date=2022-09-04 |title=Disney likely to offload 10% stake in Rs 3,200-crore Tata Play IPO |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/disney-likely-to-offload-10-stake-in-rs-3-200-crore-tata-play-ipo-122090400971_1.html |access-date=2022-09-05 |website=www.business-standard.com |language=en}} </ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Disney India may sell 10% stake in Rs 3,200-crore Tata Play IPO: Report |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/business-economy/industry/disney-may-sell-10-stake-in-rs-3200-crore-tata-play-ipo-report-article-93996536 |access-date=2022-09-05 |website=TimesNow |date=5 September 2022 |language=en}}</ref> However, in December 2022, reports came of Disney completely exiting the company.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Laghate |first=Gaurav |date=2022-12-15 |title=Disney looks to exit Tata Play, offload stake in IPO |url=https://www.livemint.com/companies/news/disney-looks-to-exit-tata-playoffloadstakeinipo-11671126702142.html |access-date=2022-12-22 |website=mint |language=en}}</ref>

On 15 February 2024, it was reported that Disney was in talks with [[Reliance Industries]] to sell its 30% share in Tata Play.<ref>{{cite web|title=RIL in talks for stake in Tata Play, may buy Disney's 29.8% share|website=[[Business Standard]]|first=Dev|last=Chatterjee|date=15 February 2024|access-date=8 March 2024|url=https://www.business-standard.com/companies/news/ril-in-talks-for-stake-in-tata-play-may-buy-disney-s-29-8-share-124021401730_1.html}}</ref>

In July 2024, Tata Play has expanded its global business reach by partnering with [[BEXIMCO#Akash Digital TV|Akash Digital TV]] in [[Bangladesh]].<ref>{{cite news | url=https://m.economictimes.com/industry/media/entertainment/tata-play-takes-its-easy-bingeing-solution-to-bangladesh/articleshow/111648320.cms | title=Tata Play takes its easy bingeing solution to Bangladesh | newspaper=The Economic Times | date=11 July 2024 }}</ref>

==Satellites==
{{unreferenced section|date=October 2017}}
Tata Play was the second operator to launch DTH or direct-to-home services in 2006.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tata Play {{!}} Business {{!}} Tata group |url=https://www.tata.com/business/tata-play |access-date=2023-05-18 |website=www.tata.com |language=en}}</ref> At that time, the company decided to use an [[ISRO]] satellite. In 2005, Tata Play signed a contract with ISRO for provision of satellite space on the [[INSAT-4A]] satellite.<ref>{{Cite web |title=TATA - STAR DTH venture signs lease agreement with ISRO {{!}} Tata Play |url=https://www.tataplay.com/dth/press-releases/tata-star-dth-venture-signs-lease-agreement-isro-company-name-changed-tata-sky-ltd |access-date=2023-05-18 |website=www.tataplay.com |language=en-IN}}</ref> In 2007, one year after the launch of the DTH player, Tata Play asked for more space to increase the number of channels they telecast. The extra space was promised in 2009 on the [[GSAT-10]] satellite, a then to be launched satellite inducted into the [[Indian National Satellite System|INSAT]] system. The GSAT-10 (CMS-01) was launched in September 2012, Tata Play has started utilising those transponders in March 2015.<ref>{{Cite web |title=TATA Sky - Recharge / Packs / Pricing / Login / Issues & Problems / Channel list & Numbers |url=https://www.sonytvapps.com/post/tata-sky |access-date=2023-05-18 |website=www.sonytvapps.com}}</ref> The mission of INSAT-4A was over on 21 October 2019. Tata Play is using ISRO's GSAT-30 satellite which is a replacement satellite of [[INSAT-4A]].Tata Play recently leased entire capacity of ISRO's GSAT-24 satellite for additional bandwidth [https://www.isro.gov.in/GSAT_24.html?timeline=timeline]

== Tata Play Binge+ Set-Top Box ==
Tata Play Binge+ Set-Top Box, formerly known as the Tata Sky Binge+ Set-Top Box, was introduced by Tata Play in December 2019. The device offers an integrated environment experience, combining traditional satellite television channels with popular [[Over-the-top media service|Over-the-Top (OTT)]] streaming services like [[Amazon Prime Video]], [[Apple TV+]] and [[Netflix]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Jha |first=Lata |date=2023-09-12 |title=Apple TV+ to be now available on Tata Play Binge |url=https://www.livemint.com/companies/news/apple-tv-to-be-now-available-on-tata-play-binge-11694490169008.html |access-date=2023-10-04 |website=mint |language=en}}</ref> Operating on the Google [[Android TV]] platform, it provides access to a variety of apps and games. Additionally, the set-top box supports channels in [[4K resolution|4K]] resolution, enhancing the visual experience for users.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-12-13 |title=Tata Sky Binge+ set-top box to launch in India on December 16: Report |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/technology/gadgets/tata-sky-binge-android-powered-set-top-box-to-launch-on-december-16-report-6165530/ |access-date=2023-10-04 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>

==Awards and recognition==

In March 2009, Tata Play became the first Indian DTH service provider to be awarded the ISO 27001: 2005 accreditation, the benchmark for information security.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-business/tata-sky-gets-iso-270012005/article336718.ece |title=Tata Sky gets ISO 27001:2005 – BUSINESS |work=The Hindu |date=2009-03-21 |access-date=2016-10-28}}</ref> ISO 27001:2005 is an international standard that provides specifications and guidance for the establishment and proper maintenance of an Information Security Management System (ISMS).

==See also==
* [[Direct-to-home television in India]]

==References==
<references>
GSAT-30 https://www.isro.gov.in/Spacecraft/gsat-30
</references>

==External links==
* {{Official website|https://www.tataplay.com/}}
* {{Official website|https://www.tataplaybinge.com/ | Tata Play Binge}}

{{Tata Group}}
{{Telecommunication companies of India}}
{{DTH in India}}
{{CATV Africa, Asia, and Oceania}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Tata Sky}}
[[Category:High-definition television]]
[[Category:Direct broadcast satellite services]]
[[Category:Television networks in India]]
[[Category:Indian brands]]
[[Category:Tata Sons subsidiaries]]
[[Category:Companies based in Mumbai]]
[[Category:Indian companies established in 2006]]
[[Category:Mass media companies established in 2006]]
[[Category:Telecommunications companies established in 2006]]
[[Category:2006 establishments in Maharashtra]]

Vadgaon Assembly constituency

2026-01-06T00:15:27Z

YukikoTousignant: done

{{Short description|Constituency of the Maharashtra legislative assembly in India}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Vadgaon
| type= SLA
| state = Maharashtra
| established = 1967
| abolished = 2008<ref>{{cite web |url=https://upload.indiacode.nic.in/showfile?actid=AC_CEN_3_20_00030_200233_1517807324510&type=order&filename=Delimitation%20Order,2008.pdf |title=Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 2008 |date=26 November 2008 |access-date= 24 June 2021}}</ref>
| electors = 218,553
| mla = Awale Raju Kisan
| party = {{Party index link|Jan Surajya Shakti}}
| constituency_no =
| latest_election_year = [[2004 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|2004]]
| district =
| loksabha_cons =
| reservation =
}}
Vadgaon Assembly constituency was an assembly constituency in the [[India]] [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[Maharashtra]].
== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Election
! Member
! colspan=2|Party
|-
|-
|-
|-
| [[1967 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1967]] || K. N. Ghatage || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[1972 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1972]] || Vhatkar Namdeo Laxman
|-
| [[1978 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1978]] || Mane Nanasaheb Shantaram || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}
|-
| [[1980 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1980]] || rowspan=5 | Avale Jayawant Gangaram || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress (I)}}
|-
| [[1985 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1985]] || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=4}}
|-
| [[1990 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1990]]
|-
| [[1995 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1995]]
|-
| [[1999 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1999]]
|-
| [[2004 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|2004]] || Awale Raju Kisan || {{Full party name with color|Jan Surajya Shakti}}
|}
== Election results ==
===Assembly Election 2004===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2004 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Vadgaon}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=Awale Raju Kisan |party=Jan Surajya Shakti |votes=67,489 |percentage=42.99% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Avale Jayawant Gangaram |party=Indian National Congress |votes=56,356 |percentage=35.90% |change={{increase}}0.52 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Bhaskar Mahadeo Shete |party=Shiv Sena |votes=14,966 |percentage=9.53% |change={{decrease}}14.43 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Dr. Puntambekar Shirish Ramkrishna |party=Independent politician |votes=2,052 |percentage=1.31% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Jaywant Ramji Sawardekar |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=1,235 |percentage=0.79% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Gaikwad Shamrao Dattu |party=Independent politician |votes=1,151 |percentage=0.73% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=11,133 |percentage=7.09% |change= {{decrease}}0.27 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=156,994 |percentage=71.43% |change= {{increase}}1.58 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 218,553 |ref = |change= {{increase}}15.72 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Jan Surajya Shakti |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{increase}}7.61 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1999===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1999 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Vadgaon<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1999 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1999/StatisticalReport-MH99.pdf|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120117044316/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1999/StatisticalReport-MH99.pdf|archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=Avale Jayawant Gangaram |party=Indian National Congress |votes=46,938 |percentage=35.38% |change={{increase}}4.09 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Shete Bhaskar Mahadeo |party=Nationalist Congress Party |votes=37,166 |percentage=28.01% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Akaram Shivaram Dabade (Bapu) |party=Shiv Sena |votes=31,789 |percentage=23.96% |change={{decrease}}5.13 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Madhukar Kamble (Ghunakikar) |party=Independent politician |votes=8,959 |percentage=6.75% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=9,772 |percentage=7.36% |change= {{increase}}5.17 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=132,686 |percentage=66.53% |change= {{decrease}}4.90 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 188,870 |ref = |change= {{increase}}1.03 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{increase}}4.09 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1995===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1995 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Vadgaon<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1995 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1995/StatisticalReport-MH95.pdf|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120117121534/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1995/StatisticalReport-MH95.pdf |archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=Avale Jayawant Gangaram |party=Indian National Congress |votes=43,951 |percentage=31.28% |change={{decrease}}25.64 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Dabade Akaram Shivram |party=Shiv Sena |votes=40,866 |percentage=29.09% |change={{increase}}6.37 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Awale Kisan Sakharam |party=Independent politician |votes=32,005 |percentage=22.78% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Mane Nanasaheb Shantaram |party=Janata Dal |votes=5,776 |percentage=4.11% |change={{decrease}}2.51 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Deshmukh Babasaheb Thalajirao |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=2,665 |percentage=1.90% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Khabade Dasharath Aba |party=Independent politician |votes=2,664 |percentage=1.90% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Kamble Sukumar Dattu |party=Independent politician |votes=1,455 |percentage=1.04% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=3,085 |percentage=2.20% |change= {{decrease}}32.01 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=140,495 |percentage=73.38% |change= {{increase}}20.00 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 186,941 |ref = |change= {{increase}}16.34 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{decrease}}25.64 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1990===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1990 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Vadgaon<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1990 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1990/StatRep_MT_90.pdf |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120117080722/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1990/StatRep_MT_90.pdf |archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=Avale Jayawant Gangaram |party=Indian National Congress |votes=50,445 |percentage=56.92% |change={{decrease}}2.02 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Akaram Shivaram Dabade (Mistri) |party=Shiv Sena |votes=20,131 |percentage=22.72% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Nanasaheb Shantaram Mane |party=Indian Congress (Socialist) – Sarat Chandra Sinha |votes=6,558 |percentage=7.40% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Sukumar Dattu Kamble |party=Janata Dal |votes=5,869 |percentage=6.62% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Jalandar Dinkar Jamadar |party=Bharatiya Republican Paksha |votes=3,185 |percentage=3.59% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Machhindranath Hari Kamble (M. H. ) |party=Independent politician |votes=766 |percentage=0.86% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=30,314 |percentage=34.21% |change= {{increase}}2.07 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=88,621 |percentage=54.24% |change= {{increase}}2.82 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 160,687 |ref = |change= {{increase}}24.87 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{decrease}}2.02 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1985===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1985 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Vadgaon<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1985 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1985/Statistical%20Report%20Maharashtra%201985.pdf |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120117075119/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1985/Statistical%20Report%20Maharashtra%201985.pdf |archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=Avale Jayawant Gangaram |party=Indian National Congress |votes=39,697 |percentage=58.95% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Mane Nanasaheb Shantaram |party=Indian Congress (Socialist) |votes=18,054 |percentage=26.81% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Solankar Mangla Prabhakar |party=Independent politician |votes=5,226 |percentage=7.76% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Kamble Atmaram Ananda |party=Independent politician |votes=1,469 |percentage=2.18% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Thikpurle Bandopant Dhondiram |party=Republican Party of India |votes=723 |percentage=1.07% |change={{decrease}}4.21 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=21,643 |percentage=32.14% |change= {{decrease}}19.46 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=67,345 |percentage=51.37% |change= {{increase}}11.73 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 128,687 |ref = |change= {{increase}}11.53 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress (I) |swing= {{decrease}}4.60 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1980===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1980 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Vadgaon<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1980 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1980/Statistical%20Report%201980%20Maharashtra.pdf |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120117083555/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1980/Statistical%20Report%201980%20Maharashtra.pdf |archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=Avale Jayawant Gangaram |party=Indian National Congress (I) |votes=29,771 |percentage=63.55% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Mane Nanasaheb Shantaram |party=Independent politician |votes=5,596 |percentage=11.94% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Shringare Ramchandra Nana |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=3,075 |percentage=6.56% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Samudre Jagannath Sitaram |party=Independent politician |votes=2,664 |percentage=5.69% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Kamble Ratan Balu |party=Republican Party of India |votes=2,477 |percentage=5.29% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Kamble Mahadeo Bhau |party=Janata Party |votes=1,470 |percentage=3.14% |change={{decrease}}34.90 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Devekar Ravaji Trimbyak |party=Independent politician |votes=482 |percentage=1.03% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=24,175 |percentage=51.60% |change= {{increase}}49.14 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=46,850 |percentage=39.47% |change= {{decrease}}23.01 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 115,380 |ref = |change= {{increase}}8.06 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress (I) |loser=Janata Party |swing= {{increase}}25.51 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1978===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1978 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Vadgaon<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1978 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1978/Statistical%20Report%201978%20Maharashtra.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170629182050/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1978/Statistical%20Report%201978%20Maharashtra.pdf|archive-date=29 June 2017|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=Mane Nanasaheb Shantaram |party=Janata Party |votes=25,835 |percentage=38.04% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Samudre Jagannath Sitaram |party=Independent politician |votes=24,167 |percentage=35.58% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Powar Ganpatrao Ramchandra |party=Independent politician |votes=9,140 |percentage=13.46% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Sonavane Ramkrishna Santu |party=Peasants and Workers Party of India |votes=3,990 |percentage=5.87% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Chinchawadkar Mahadeo Dhondiram |party=Independent politician |votes=1,937 |percentage=2.85% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Raje Shankar Tukaram |party=Independent politician |votes=926 |percentage=1.36% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Kamble Appan Krishna |party=Independent politician |votes=529 |percentage=0.78% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=1,668 |percentage=2.46% |change= {{decrease}}73.03 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=67,918 |percentage=62.31% |change= {{increase}}11.62 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 106,771 |ref = |change= {{increase}}15.77 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Janata Party |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{decrease}}42.66 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1972===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1972 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Vadgaon<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1967 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/StatReport_MT_72.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170519183024/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/StatReport_MT_72.pdf|archive-date=19 May 2017|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=Vhatkar Namdeo Laxman |party=Indian National Congress |votes=38,694 |percentage=80.70% |change={{increase}}41.41 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Kurne Dattajirao Bhaurao |party=Independent politician |votes=2,498 |percentage=5.21% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Bhujingrao L. Kamble |party=Republican Party of India |votes=2,246 |percentage=4.68% |change={{decrease}}28.16 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Thikpurle Bandopant Dhondiram |party=Republican Party of India (Khobragade) |votes=1,883 |percentage=3.93% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Name Hindurao Chandrappa |party=Independent politician |votes=978 |percentage=2.04% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=36,196 |percentage=75.49% |change= {{increase}}69.04 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=47,948 |percentage=50.20% |change= {{decrease}}16.58 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 92,223 |ref = |change= {{increase}}19.20 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{increase}}41.41 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1967===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1967 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Vadgaon<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1967 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=https://www.eci.nic.in/eci_main/statisticalreports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Maharashtra%201967.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180926233227/https://www.eci.nic.in/eci_main/statisticalreports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Maharashtra%201967.pdf|archive-date=26 September 2018|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=K. N. Ghatage |party=Indian National Congress |votes=20,845 |percentage=39.29% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=D. M. Shirke |party=Republican Party of India |votes=17,424 |percentage=32.84% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=R. B. Kamable |party=Independent politician |votes=4,834 |percentage=9.11% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=R. D. Kamble |party=Independent politician |votes=3,272 |percentage=6.82% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=L. G. Patole |party=Independent politician |votes=734 |percentage=1.53% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=H. C. Mane |party=Independent politician |votes=591 |percentage=1.23% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=3,421 |percentage=6.45% |change= }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=53,053 |percentage=61.65% |change= }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 77,370 |ref = |change= }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner=Indian National Congress |loser= |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Assembly constituencies of Maharashtra}}

{{coord missing|Maharashtra}}

[[Category:Former assembly constituencies of Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Long stubs with short prose]]
{{Maharashtra-geo-stub}}

Afghan–Maratha War

2026-01-03T22:31:14Z

YukikoTousignant: Stub!

{{Short description|1758–1761 conflict between Afghans and Maratha–Sikh alliance}}
{{pp-extended|small=yes}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2017}}
{{Use Oxford spelling|date=February 2021}}
{{Infobox military conflict
| image = The Third battle of Panipat 13 January 1761.jpg
| caption = [[Third Battle of Panipat]], 14 January 1761
| conflict =
| partof = the [[Indian campaign of Ahmad Shah Durrani]]
| date = {{start and end dates|1758|3|8|1761|1|14|df=yes}} {{nwr|({{Age in years, months, weeks and days|month1=03|day1=08|year1=1758|month2=01|day2=14|year2=1761}})}}
| place = [[Punjab]] and region around [[Delhi]]
| result = '''Afghan victory:'''{{blist
| [[Afghan Empire]] retains control over much of contended territories including [[Peshawar]] and the [[Punjab]] until the [[Sutlej]]
| [[Mughal emperor]] exiled and [[Delhi]] occupied by Afghan vassal [[Kingdom of Rohilkhand|Rohilkhand]]
}}
| status =
| combatant1 = [[Afghan Empire]]{{blist|{{flagicon image|Flag of the Rampur State.svg}} [[Kingdom of Rohilkhand|Rohilkhand]]}}
| combatant2 = [[Mughal Empire]] {{small|(nominal)}}{{blist|{{flagicon image|Flag of the Maratha Empire.svg|border=}} [[Maratha Empire]]
| [[Sikh Confederacy]]}}
| commander1 = {{plainlist|
* [[Ahmad Shah Durrani]]
* [[Timur Shah Durrani]]
* {{flagicon image|Flag of the Rampur State.svg|border=}} [[Najib ad-Dawlah|Najib-ud-Daula]]}}
| commander2 = {{plainlist|
* {{flagicon image|Flag of the Maratha Empire.svg|border=}} [[Sadashivrao Bhau]]{{KIA}}
*{{flagicon image|Flag of the Maratha Empire.svg|border=}} [[Vishwasrao]]{{KIA}}
*{{flagicon image|Flag of the Maratha Empire.svg|border=}} [[Ibrahim Khan Gardi]]{{KIA}}
* {{flagicon image|Flag of the Maratha Empire.svg|border=}} [[Tukoji Rao Scindia]]{{KIA}}
* {{flagicon image|Flag of the Maratha Empire.svg|border=}} [[Shamsher Bahadur]]{{DOW}}
* {{flagicon image|Flag of the Maratha Empire.svg|border=}} [[Raghunathrao|Raghunath Rao]]
* {{flagicon image|Flag of the Maratha Empire.svg|border=}} [[Sakharam Bapu Bokil]]
* {{flagicon image|Flag of the Maratha Empire.svg|border=}} [[Mahadji Scindia]]{{WIA}}
* {{flagicon image|Flag of the Maratha Empire.svg|border=}} [[Malhar Rao Holkar]]
* {{flagicon image|Flag of the Maratha Empire.svg|border=}} [[Dattaji Scindia]]{{KIA}}
* {{flagicon image|Flag of the Maratha Empire.svg|border=}} [[Tukoji Rao Holkar]]
* [[Jassa Singh Ahluwalia]]
* [[Charat Singh]]
* [[Ala Singh]]
* [[Adina Beg]]
}}
| campaignbox = {{Campaignbox Afghan-Maratha War}}
}}

The '''Afghan–Maratha War''' was fought between the [[Afghan Empire]] under [[Ahmad Shah Durrani]] and the [[Maratha Empire]] and the [[Sikh Confederacy]] between 1758 and 1761.<ref>{{cite book|first=George C.|last=Kohn|page=|title=Dictionary of Wars}}</ref> It took place in [[Northwest India (pre-1947)|north-west]] [[Indian subcontinent|India]], primarily the region around [[Delhi]] and [[Punjab]].<ref name="War">[https://books.google.com/books?id=zp0FbTniNaYC&dq=maratha+plunder+rohilkhand&pg=PA103 War, Culture and Society in Early Modern South Asia, 1740-1849]</ref>

The three year long war ended in a catastrophic defeat for the [[Maratha Confederacy]] and the [[Afghan Empire]] retained control of the territories until the [[Sutlej River]] which had been ceded by the [[Mughal emperor]] [[Shah Alam II]]. The militant [[Sikh Confederacy]] continued waging wars against the [[Afghan Empire]] and later [[Emirate of Afghanistan]] following Maratha defeat in the Afghan–Maratha War. [[Delhi]] came under the occupation of the [[Kingdom of Rohilkhand]], an Indian kingdom in modern-day western Uttar Pradesh and an ally of the Afghans, while the emperor was forced to flee to Oudh and remain in exile until 1772.

==Background==
In 1757, the [[Afghan Empire|Afghans]] invaded [[Hindustan]] and [[Sack of Delhi (1757)|captured the Mughal capital of Delhi]], forcing the Mughal emperor to cede territories up till the [[Sutlej]] to the [[Afghan Empire]]. Delhi was placed under the occupation of an Afghan vassal, the [[Kingdom of Rohilkhand]]. The Afghan emperor, [[Ahmad Shah Durrani]] installed his son [[Timur Shah Durrani]] in [[Multan]] and returned to [[Afghanistan]].<ref name="War" />

=== Battle of Delhi (1757) ===
The Mughal emperor and the imperial grand vizier alarmed by this foreign occupation, secretly sent for his vassal, the Peshwa. The Maratha Peshwa [[Balaji Baji Rao]] sent his brother [[Raghunath Rao]] along with [[Shamsher Bahadur]], Ramsingha, Gangadhar Tatya, [[Sakharam Bapu Bokil]], Naroshankar Rajebahadur, Sidhojiraje Gharge-Desai-Deshmukh, Mankojiraje Gharge-Desai-Deshmukh, Maujiram Bania and a large army towards Delhi. They were accompanied by [[Malhar Rao Holkar]] of [[Malwa]] who had much experience in [[North India]] and with its rulers. The Marathas [[Battle of Delhi (1757)|captured Delhi]] in August 1757. They decisively defeated the Rohillas near Delhi in 1758.<ref name="War" />

== Initial campaign and success ==
[[File:INDIA, Independent States. Maratha Confederacy. AR Rupee (22.4mm, 11.36 g, 4h). In the name of ‘Alamgir II. Dar al-Sultanat Lahore mint. Dated AH 1172 (AD 1758–9), year 5. Good VF. (564 1).jpg|thumb|Maratha Confederacy. AR Rupee (22.4mm, 11.36 g, 4h). In the name of ‘Alamgir II. Dar al-Sultanat Lahore mint. Dated AH 1172 (AD 1758–9), year 5.]]
In the [[Punjab]], [[Adina Beg|Adina Beg Khan]], along with the [[Sikhs]] revolted against the oppressive Afghans. He decided to request the Maratha support as a large Afghan army was expected to reinforce and Adina needed more alliance to battle the invaders. On 7 March, [[Raghunathrao]] had encamped at [[Rajpura]] where he received Adina Beg Khan's envoys, and was informed that the latter, accompanied by 15,000 Sikh fighters, belonging to the bands (the jathas) of [[Jassa Singh Ahluwalia]] and Baba [[Ala Singh]] of [[Patiala]] had closed upon [[Sirhind-Fategarh|Sirhind]] from the other side of the [[Satluj]]. A concerted attack on the fort of Sirhind was made by the Marathas and the Sikhs on 8 March 1758. Ahmad Samad Khan, with his 15,000 Afghan troops, held out for about two weeks before his capitulation on 21 March. After the victory, the town was thoroughly sacked by the victors. Therefore, the victorious allies marched up to [[Lahore]] and the city fell after some initial fighting. Then, the allies forced the Afghans into the [[Khyber Pass]].<ref name="Advance">[https://books.google.com/books?id=d1wUgKKzawoC&dq=Advanced+Study+in+the+History+of+Modern+India+1707-1813++while+encamped+in+karnal&pg=PA234 Advanced Study in the History of Modern India]</ref> The captured [[Uzbeks|Uzbek]], [[Pashtuns|Pashtun]] and [[Khorasani Turkic|Khorasani]] soldiers were brutally tortured and forced to clean up the holy temples desecrated by them.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kulkarni |first=Uday S. |date=21 October 2019 |title=How the Marathas captured ATTOCK in modern day Pakistan |url=https://www.esamskriti.com/e/History/Indian-History/How-the-Marathas-captured-ATTOCK-in-modern-day-Pakistan-1.aspx |website=esamskriti}}</ref>

The Maratha and Sikh forces gave chase to the [[Pathans]] on horseback and were in quick pursuit of them in which they went on to capture [[Attock]] and then [[Peshawar]] from the Afghans.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Mikaberidze |first=Alexander |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jBBYD2J2oE4C |title=Conflict and Conquest in the Islamic World: A Historical Encyclopedia [2 volumes]: A Historical Encyclopedia |date=2011-07-22 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-1-59884-337-8 |page=43 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="mehta">{{Cite book|last=Mehta|first=Jaswant Lal|title=Advanced Study in the History of Modern India 1707-1813|publisher=New Dawn Press, Incorporated|year=2005|isbn=9781932705546|pages=236, 260}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Pletcher|first=Kenneth|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VsujRFvaHI8C&pg=PA198|title=The History of India|publisher=Britannica Educational Pub.|year=2010|isbn=9781615301225|pages=198}}</ref><ref name="barua">{{Cite book|last=Barua|first=Pradeep|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FIIQhuAOGaIC&pg=PA55|title=The state at war in South Asia|publisher=University of Nebraska Press|year=2005|isbn=9780803213449|pages=55|quote=The Marathas attacked soon after and, with some help from the Sikhs, managed to capture Attock, Peshawar, and Multan between April and May 1758.}}</ref>

Maratha general Bapuji Trimbak was given the charge of guarding [[Multan]] and [[Dera Ghazi Khan]] from the Afghans.<ref name="google">{{cite book|title=Advanced Study in the History of Modern India 1707–1813|author=Mehta, J.L.|date=2005|publisher=New Dawn Press, Incorporated|isbn=9781932705546|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=d1wUgKKzawoC&pg=PA264|page=264|access-date=2015-08-22}}</ref>

Adina Beg's sudden death threw Punjab into turmoil. Many of his soldiers, particularly Afghan mercenaries deserted his army camp and added to the number of freebooters, thus creating chaos and anarchy everywhere. Sikhs started again to revolt against Muslim ruling elite, which had caused Punjab to go into political and economic turmoil. Khawaja Mirza who was now the Maratha governor of Haryana-Delhi could not cope with the situation. He sent an express appeal to the [[Peshwa]] for reinforcements, alerted all the junior Maratha officers to help him restore law and order in the state and he also recalled Maratha detachments from Peshawar and Attock to safeguard his position in [[Karnal]]. [[Tukoji Rao Holkar|Tukojirao Holkar]] and Narsoji Pandit, the Maratha commanders of Peshawar and Attock had to withdraw their troops from the frontier posts. Sabaji Scindia was now given the charge of Peshawar.<ref name="Advance"/>

[[Raghunath Rao|Raghunathrao]] and [[Malhar Rao Holkar|Malharrao]] were not very interested in holding their positions in the north for long. On their request, the Peshwa had to find their substitutes. He gave supreme command of Delhi to [[Dattaji Scindia]], while Jankoji Scindia was appointed his deputy. They proceeded towards Delhi separately at different times.<ref name="Advance"/>

A massive army of Marathas under their new commanders, the [[House of Scindia|Scindias]], reached [[Machhiwara]] in March 1759. Like Raghunathrao, Dattaji also didn't want to stay in Punjab for long. As there was no news of Abdali's invasion, Dattaji deferred the appointment of any permanent governor in Punjab. After deliberations with his advisors, Dattaji deputed Sabaji to take care of Lahore, Peshawar and Attock along with the assistance of [[Tukoji Rao Holkar|Tukojirao]], who was deputed by Malharrao. Other officers and Dattaji himself for now left Punjab for the suppression of [[Najib-ud-Daula]] in the [[Indo-Gangetic Plain|Ganges valley]]. Bapurao Trymbak took the charge of [[Rohtas Fort]], while other officers were appointed on the frontier posts.<ref name="Advance"/>

Taking advantage of Sabaji's absence from Peshawar post, the Afghans marched to Peshawar. The [[Bala Hissar, Peshawar|Peshawar fort]] was taken by Afghans with heavy losses to the besieged Maratha garrison. Thereafter the Afghan invaders, under Jahan Khan overran Attock and threatened Rohtas Fort. By this time, Sabaji Scindia had reached Lahore, with fresh troops and a large number of Sikh fighters, who had once again allied with the [[Marathas]]. The combined forces of the Marathas and Sikhs massacred the Afghan garrison in which Jahan Khan lost his son and was himself wounded. The Afghans quickly vacated the forts of Peshawar and Attock and retreated west to Afghanistan. Hence, Peshawar once again fell to the Marathas.<ref name="Advance"/>

== Final defeat of the Marathas ==
It was unbearable for Abdali to overlook this defeat. Najib-ud-Daulah invited Abdali to avenge his defeat. He, along with his commander Jahan Khan invaded Punjab for the fifth time with a gigantic army of 60,000 men<ref name="google"/> accompanied by heavy field-guns and [[Zamburak]]s. Trimbakrao, the Maratha governor of Multan, at the head of 5,000 troops, made a tactical decision of retreating towards Lahore; Sabaji Shinde also vacated Peshawar and was joined by Tukoji Holkar at Attock, backing towards Lahore. The remaining Marathas, along with Sikhs and [[Jats]] offered staunch resistance to the invaders at Lahore, but they were ultimately defeated due to inferior numbers.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Shejwalkar |first=Tryambak Shankar |url=https://archive.org/details/dli.csl.6656/page/n9/mode/2up?view=theater |title=Panipat: 1761 |publisher=Deccan College |year=1946 |location=Pune |language=English}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Gupta |first=Hari Ram |url=https://www.indianculture.gov.in/ebooks/marathas-and-panipat |title=Marathas and Panipat |publisher=Panjab University |year=1961 |edition= |location=Chandigarh |language=English}}</ref> On 24 December 1759, a ferocious battle was fought between Dattaji and [[Ahmed Shah Abdali|Abdali]] in which Dattaji's general, Sardar Bhoite was defeated with a loss of 250 Maratha soldiers after the Mughal contingent fled from the Maratha side.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Mahrattas' Thread on the Battle of Tarain (1761) |url=https://en.rattibha.com/thread/1443661378913374213}}</ref> As a consequence of his victory, Abdali managed to join forces with Najib-ud-Daula.<ref name="War"/>

Qutub Shah, the ally of Najib Khan and the religious leader of the Rohillas, killed Dattaji and beheaded him at Burrari Ghat near Delhi in January 1760, in a treacherous ambush.<ref>{{cite book |author=Sir Jadunath Sarkar |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GxMhAAAAMAAJ&q=qutb+shah+ally+of+najib |title=Fall of the Mughal Empire: 1754-1771 (Panipat) |date= |publisher=M.C. Sarkar |year=1966}}</ref>

===Reasons for decline===
[[File:Marathas and Sikhs.jpg|thumb|"Marathas and Sikhs," by Giulio Ferrario, from 'Il costume antico e moderno', Florence, 1824]]
The Marathas had failed to befriend the important players in Punjab, particularly the Sikhs, as they had gotten close enough to be aided by Sikh troops in numerous battles. They could not make any formal treaty with Sikhs, who along with Adina Beg had assisted them in their conquest of the northwest. According to an assessment, the Sikhs were ever ready to co-operate with the Marathas, but it goes to the discredit of the Marathas that they could not make a proper confederacy with Sikhs due to their minor stature as a confederacy. Sikhs regency was highly fluid until the Marathas arrived winning for them Sirhind and Lahore.

The Marathas fought successful wars with both the Sultans of Mysore, namely [[Hyder Ali]] and [[Tipu Sultan]], in which both were defeated. The Maratha also fought many wars with the [[Nizam of Hyderabad|Nizam]] of [[Hyderabad State|Hyderabad]] and crushed his power. They also fought a [[First Anglo-Maratha War|war]] with [[East India Company]] in 1775 and defeated them with great difficulty. They were also fighting against the Portuguese near [[Thane]] and [[Surat]], moreover their capital was Poona (now [[Pune]]) which was too far from Delhi to conduct immediate actions and war play. In brief, the Marathas didn't have peaceful time in their period of supremacy as they always had to face battles after battles in various parts of country, so they didn't get enough time to establish stable administrations in regions which they had conquered in [[Northwest India|northwest]] [[India]] and [[Pakistan]]. They even decided to extend their rule up to [[Kabul]] and [[Kandahar]] but several [[Hindu king]]s feared that the emergence of the Maratha empire would hurt their territorial interests so they invited [[Ahmad Shah Durrani|Abdali]] to invade India along with Muslim rulers.

Finding the Maratha leadership completely off guard against their political foes, many Afghans who were earlier taken captives by Marathas quickly changed their loyalty towards Adina Beg and were recruited in his army. However, later on, they betrayed him and joined Abdali's forces during his fifth invasion.<ref name="Advance"/>

The Peshwa was alarmed by the growing [[French India|French]] and [[East India Company|British]] influence in the [[Deccan]].<ref name="War"/> When Abdali invaded Punjab for the fifth time, the Marathas didn't try hard enough to save the frontier posts and instead started planning to save Delhi from another invasion.<ref name="Advance"/>

==See also==
* [[Capture of Delhi (1771)]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}
{{MarathaEmpire}}
{{Durrani dynasty}}

[[Category:Wars involving the Maratha Empire|*]]
[[Category:Military history of India]]
[[Category:Conflicts in 1758]]

Bombay caecilian

2025-12-18T04:15:13Z

YukikoTousignant: made new details basic info

{{Short description|Species of amphibian}}
{{Speciesbox
| image = Bombay caecilian head.jpg
| genus = Ichthyophis
| species = bombayensis
| authority = [[Edward Harrison Taylor|Taylor]], 1960
| synonyms = {{Species list|
Ichthyophis malabarensis|Taylor, 1960|
Ichthyophis peninsularis|Taylor, 1960|
Ichthyophis subterrestris|Taylor, 1960}}
| synonyms_ref = <ref name=Frost/>
}}

The '''Bombay caecilian''' ('''''Ichthyophis bombayensis''''') is an [[amphibian]] found in [[India]].<ref name=Frost/> This rather large species is found in the northern [[Western Ghats]]. The eyes are distinct and surrounded by a light ring. The tentacle is placed closer to the lip than the eye. A dark brown or greyish-brown species, it has no lateral stripes.<ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1007/BF02728526 |title=A field guide to the caecilians of the Western Ghats, India |date=March 1998 |last=Bhatta |first=Gopalakrishna |journal=Journal of Biosciences |volume=23 |pages=73–85|s2cid=29374045 }}</ref>

The three names below are presently considered to be junior synonyms of ''I. bombayensis'',<ref name=Frost/> as it was recently shown that all the unstriped, long-tailed ''Ichthyophis'' from the [[Western Ghats]] showed little genetic variation.<ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1111/j.1469-7998.2006.00266.x |title=Remarkable genetic homogeneity in unstriped, long-tailed ''Ichthyophis'' along 1500 km of the Western Ghats, India |date=21 March 2007 |first=D. J. |last=Gower |author2=M. Dharne |author3=G. Bhatta |author4=V. Giri |author5=R. Vyas |author6=V. Govindappa |author7=O. V. Oommen |author8=J. George |author9=Y. Shouche |author10=M. Wilkinson |journal=[[Journal of Zoology]] |volume=272 |issue=3 |pages=266–275}}</ref>

* ''I. malabarensis'' – southern Western Ghats, known with certainty only from the type locality
* ''I. peninsularis'' – known only from the type specimen, exact locality not known
* ''I. subterrestris'' – known only from the type specimen, from Western Ghats south of [[Palghat Gap]] ([[Cochin]] and [[Travancore]] areas)

== References ==
{{commonscat|Ichthyophis bombayensis}}
{{Reflist|refs=
<ref name=Frost>{{cite web |url=http://research.amnh.org/vz/herpetology/amphibia/Amphibia/Gymnophiona/Ichthyophiidae/Ichthyophis/Ichthyophis-bombayensis |title=''Ichthyophis bombayensis'' Taylor, 1960 |author=Frost, Darrel R. |year=2017 |work=Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0 |publisher=American Museum of Natural History |accessdate=10 September 2017}}</ref>
}}

{{Taxonbar|from=Q1934813}}

[[Category:Ichthyophis|bombayensis]]
[[Category:Amphibians described in 1960]]
[[Category:Endemic amphibians of India]]
[[Category:Taxa named by Edward Harrison Taylor]]

Ayancheri

2025-12-15T18:19:35Z

YukikoTousignant:

{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Ayancheri
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = village
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Kerala#India
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Kerala, India
| coordinates = {{coord|11.656770|N|75.656460|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Kerala]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Kozhikode district|Kozhikode]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body = Panchayath
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 26293
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Malayalam language|Malayalam]], [[English language|English]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = 
| postal_code = 673541
| registration_plate = KL-18
| website = http://ayanchery.com
| footnotes =
}}

'''Ayancheri''' is a village in the Vadakara Taluk of [[Kozhikode district]] in the state of [[Kerala]], [[India]]. It has now become a small business hub among the nearest villages. The main business centre is located on Katameri Road. Ayancheri is the main transit town from Vatakara to Kuttiady and other surrounding villages. The rapid development of Ayancheri is primarily due to its status as the main transit town. It is one of the main villages in Vatakara Taluk.<ref name="censusindia">{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/Census_Data_2001/Village_Directory/Population_data/Population_5000_and_Above.aspx |title=Census of India : Villages with population 5000 & above |publisher=Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India |accessdate=2008-12-10 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081208044522/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/Census_Data_2001/Village_Directory/Population_data/Population_5000_and_Above.aspx |archivedate=8 December 2008 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

==Transportation==
Ayancheri village connects to other parts of India through [[Vatakara]] city on the west and [[Kuttiady]] town on the east. National highway No. 17 passes through [[Vatakara]] and the northern stretch connects to [[Mangalore]], [[Goa]] and [[Mumbai]]. The southern stretch connects to [[Cochin]] and [[Trivandrum]]. The eastern Highway going through [[Kuttiady]] connects to [[Mananthavady]], [[Mysore]] and [[Bangalore]]. The nearest airports are at [[Kannur Airport|Kannur]] and [[Kozhikode Airport|Kozhikode]]. The nearest railway station is at Vatakara. Ayancheri has a same distance to the nearby towns Kuttiady, Nadapuram, Vatakara and Kakkattil

==Demographics==
{{As of|2011}} India [[census]], Ayancheri had a population of 26293 with 12,372 males and 13,921 females.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ayancheri Census Town City Population Census 2011-2025 {{!}} Kerala |url=https://www.census2011.co.in/data/town/627362-ayancheri-kerala.html |access-date=2025-12-15 |website=www.census2011.co.in}}</ref><ref name="censusindia" />
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Thazhe_Komath_Sri_Durga_Bhagavathy_Temple_Ayancheri_And_Komath_Tharavadu.pdf

== References ==
{{commons category|Ayancheri}}
{{reflist}}
2. [http://ayanchery.com Smart Ayanchery]

{{Kozhikode district}}
[[Category:Vatakara area]]

Salma Siddiqui

2025-12-02T12:19:14Z

YukikoTousignant: stub

{{Short description|Indian novelist (1931-2017)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2017}}
{{Progressive Writers' Movement}}

'''Salma Siddiqui''' (18 June 1931 – 13 February 2017) was an Indian novelist in the [[Urdu]] language and a prominent member of the [[Progressive Writers' Movement]].

==Biography==
Salma Siddiqui was born in 1931 in [[Varanasi]]. Her father Rashid Ahmad Siddiqui was an educationist and professor.<ref name=dna>{{cite news|newspaper=DNA India|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/lifestyle/report-playing-host-to-em-forster-and-majrooh-sultanpuri-1258449|title=Playing host to EM Forster and Majrooh Sultanpuri|author=Kartikey Sehgal|date=24 May 2009|accessdate=19 February 2017}}</ref> She studied Urdu at [[Aligarh Muslim University]], earning a master's degree; she later taught at [[Women's College, Aligarh Muslim University]].<ref name=wire>{{cite news|newspaper=The Wire|url=https://thewire.in/108362/salma-siddiqui-last-bombay-progressive-writers-passes-away/|title=Salma Siddiqui, the Last of the Bombay Progressive Writers, Passes Away|author=Rakhshanda Jalil|date=14 February 2017|accessdate=19 February 2017}}</ref>

Her first marriage ended early,<ref name=wire/> and in 1957, she married [[Krishan Chander]] in [[Nainital]]. They settled in Bombay in 1962.<ref name=dna/>

==Family==
[[Kausar Munir]], a lyricist and poet known for the songs in the Hindi film ''[[Ishaqzaade]]'' is Siddiqui's granddaughter.<ref name=wire2>{{cite news|newspaper=The Wire|url=https://thereel.scroll.in/806181/kausar-munir-i-dont-like-to-be-bracketed-in-life-or-in-anything-else|title=Kausar Munir: 'I don’t like to be bracketed, in life or in anything else'|author=Akshay Manwani|date=12 April 2016|accessdate=19 February 2017}}</ref> Siddiqui died on 13 February 2017, aged 85.<ref name=wire/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.uniindia.com/urdu-writer-salma-siddiqui-breathes-her-last/india/news/780655.html|publisher=United News of India|title=Urdu writer Salma Siddiqui breathes her last|date=13 February 2017|accessdate=19 February 2017}}</ref>

==Literary career==
In Siddiqui's father's household in Aligarh was a family retainer named Sikander. He was an idiosyncratic personality, and his stories formed the basis of Siddiqui's novel ''Sikandarnama''.<ref name=dna/> A television serialisation of the novel, ''Karname Sikandar ke'', was broadcast by [[Doordarshan]] in 1991.<ref name=dna/>

Other works Siddiqui is known for are ''Gilhari ki Behen'', ''Bharosa'' and ''Mangal Sutra''. Several of her completed manuscripts were destroyed in a monsoon shower, following which Siddiqui didn't publish again.<ref name=dna/>

==Bibliography==
* {{cite book|title=Sikandarnama|url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.355774|publisher=Punjabi Pustak Bhandar|location=Delhi}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Siddiqui, Salma}}
[[Category:1931 births]]
[[Category:2017 deaths]]
[[Category:Urdu-language short story writers]]
[[Category:Urdu-language Indian writers]]
[[Category:Writers from Varanasi]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian novelists]]
[[Category:Novelists from Uttar Pradesh]]

Parashara

2025-11-29T06:12:26Z

YukikoTousignant: General improvements to article content

{{Short description|Ancient Hindu sage}}
{{EngvarB|date=April 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2015}}
{{Infobox Hindu leader
| image = पराशर ऋषि.jpg
| caption = A sculpture of Parashara
| religion = [[Hinduism]]
| father = [[Shakti (sage)|Shakti]]
| mother = Adrushyanti<ref>{{cite book | url =https://books.google.com/books?id=wR_kAAAAMAAJ&q=Adrushyanti | title = Wife of Sakti Maharsi| isbn = 9788185080987| last1 = Bhiḍe| first1 = Śrīpāda Raghunātha| year = 1996| publisher = Dastanbe Ramchandra & Company}}</ref>
| children = [[Vyasa]] (with [[Satyavati]])<ref name="Mani">{{cite book|author=Mani|first=Vettam|url=https://archive.org/details/puranicencyclopa00maniuoft|title=Puranic Encyclopaedia: A Comprehensive Dictionary With Special Reference to the Epic and Puranic Literature|publisher=Motilal Banarsidass|year=1975|isbn=0-8426-0822-2|location=Delhi|pages=[https://archive.org/stream/puranicencyclopa00maniuoft#page/885/mode/2up 885 (Vyāsa)]|author-link=Vettam Mani}}</ref><ref name = "Dalal">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zrk0AwAAQBAJ&q=Parashara+vyasa|title = Hinduism: An Alphabetical Guide|isbn = 9788184752779|last1 = Dalal|first1 = Roshen|date = 18 April 2014| publisher=Penguin UK }}</ref>
}}
{{Hinduism}}

'''Parashara''' ([[Sanskrit]]: पराशर; [[IAST]]: {{IAST|''Parāśara''}}) was a [[maharishi]] and the author of many ancient Hindu texts. He is accredited as the author of the first [[Puranas|Purana]], the [[Vishnu Purana]], before his son [[Vyasa]] wrote it in its present form. He was the grandson of the sage [[Vasishtha]] and the son of the sage [[Shakti (sage)|Shakti]]. There are several texts which give reference to Parashara as an author/speaker. The various texts attributed to him are given in reference to Parashara being the speaker to his student.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.speakingtree.in/blog/rishi-parashara|title=Rishi Parashara|website=www.speakingtree.in}}</ref>

== Etymology ==
When Parashara's father Shakti died after being devoured by the king [[Kalmashapada]] along with Vashistha's other sons, Vashistha resorted to ending his life by suicide. Hence he jumped from [[Mount Meru]] but landed on soft cotton, he entered a forest fire only to remain unharmed, then he jumped into the ocean who saved him by casting him ashore. Then he jumped in the overflowing river [[Vipasa]], which also left him ashore. Then he jumped into the river Haimavat, which fled in several directions from his fear and was named [[Sutlej|Satadru]]. Then when he returned to his [[ashram]], he saw his daughter-in-law pregnant. When a son was born, Vashistha acted as his father and gave up the idea of giving up his life. Hence, the child was named Parashara which meant ''enlivener of the dead''.<ref>Pratap Chandra Roy's Mahabharata Adi Parva Pages: 406-410</ref>

==Genealogy==
According to the [[Vedas]], the god [[Brahma]] created Vasishtha (reborn to Mitra-Varuna), who, with his wife Arundhati, had a son named [[Śakti Maharṣi|Shakti]] who sired Parashara. With [[Satyavati]] of Kaivartta clan<ref>{{Cite book |last=Sen |first=Kshitimohan |title=Jatived |publisher=Visva-Bharati University |year=1997 |location=Shantiniketan |pages=46, 49 |language=Bengali}}</ref> Parashara is father of [[Vyasa]]. Vyasa sired [[Dhritarashtra]] and [[Pandu]] through his deceased half brother's wives, Ambika and Ambalika and [[Vidura]] through a hand-maiden of Ambika and Ambalika. Vyasa also sired [[Shuka]] through his wife, Jabali's daughter Pinjala. Thus Parashara was the biological(all thought Pandavas were biologically offsprings of God and Kunti) grandfather of both the warring parties of the Mahabharata, the [[Kaurava]]s and the [[Pandava]]s.{{citation needed|date=November 2022}}

==Legends==

There is a story of Rishi Parashara: [[Śakti Maharṣi|Shakti]] died in his early age. This made [[Vasishtha]], his father live in his hermitage with Adrushyanti (wife of Shakti). Vasistha heard the chanting of the [[Vedas]] and Adrushyanti told him that Vedic hymn sounds were coming from the child of his son, Parashara, that was developing in her womb. Vasistha was happy to hear this. Adrushyanti gave birth to a son and the child grew up to become Parashara.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://archive.org/details/puranicencyclopa00maniuoft/page/4/mode/2up|title=Puranic encyclopaedia: comprehensive dictionary with special reference to the epic and Puranic literature|date=1975|website=archive.org}}</ref>

Parashara was raised by his grandfather Vasishtha because he lost his father at an early age. His father, Shakti, was on a journey and came across an angry [[Rakshasa]] (demon) who had once been a king but was turned into a demon feeding on human flesh as a curse from Vasishtha. The demon devoured Parashara's father. In the [[Vishnu Purana]], Parashara speaks about his anger from this:<ref>Wilson, H. H. ''The Vishnu Purana: A System of Hindu Mythology and Tradition''.</ref>

<blockquote>I had heard that my father had been devoured by a Rākṣasa employed by [[Vishwamitra]]: violent anger seized me and I commenced a sacrifice for the destruction of the Rākṣasas: hundreds of them were reduced to ashes by the rite, when, as they were about to be entirely exterminated, my grandfather Vasishtha said to me: Enough, my child; let thy wrath be appeased: the Rākṣasas are not culpable: thy father's death was the work of destiny. Anger is the passion of fools; it becometh not a wise man. By whom, it may be asked, is anyone killed? Every man reaps the consequences of his own acts. Anger, my son, is the destruction of all that man obtains by arduous exertions, of fame, and of devout austerities; and prevents the attainment of heaven or of emancipation. The chief sages always shun wrath: be not subject to its influence, my child. Let no more of these unoffending spirits of darkness be consumed. Mercy is the might of the righteous.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Vishnu Purana: Book I: Chapter I |url=https://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/vp/vp035.htm |access-date=2023-06-25 |website=www.sacred-texts.com}}</ref></blockquote>

Parashara once halted for a night in a little hamlet on the banks of the river Yamuna. He was put up in the house of the fisherman-chieftain Dasharaj. When dawn broke, the chief asked his daughter, Matsyagandha, whose name means "one with the smell of fish", to ferry the sage to his next destination. When in the ferry, Parashara who was also a pioneer in the field of vedic astrology, noticed the position of the stars and concluded that an auspicious time had begun in which the Lord had to descend onto this world, and asked her to fulfill his desire of helping the Lord descend by giving a son to her. Matsyagandha refused fearing the other people and sages who were standing on the bank of river at the other side.<ref name="Mani" />

He then created an island within the river by his mystic potency and asked her to land the boat there. On reaching the other side, the sage once again chanted the mantra to make her pregnant, but she declared that her body stank and Parashara granted her the boon that the finest fragrance may emit from her person. She was thereafter known as [[Satyavati]] (pure fragrance).<ref name="Mani"/> ''Matsyagandha'' was transformed (by the powers of the sage) into ''Yojanagandha'' ("she whose fragrance can be smelled from across a ''[[yojana]]''").<ref name="Bhattacharya">{{cite journal|last=Bhattacharya|first=Pradip|date=May–June 2004|title=Of Kunti and Satyawati: Sexually Assertive Women of the Mahabharata|journal=[[Manushi]]|issue=142|pages=21–25|url=http://www.manushi-india.org/pdfs_issues/PDF%20142/04%20panchakanya%20pg%2021-25.pdf}}</ref> She now smelled of musk, and so was called ''Kasturi-Gandhi'' ("musk-fragrant").<ref name="Mani" /> Then, she insisted that the act of getting a child was not appropriate in broad daylight, as her father and others would see them from the other bank; they should wait till night. The sage, with his powers, shrouded the entire area in fog. Then, Parashara embraced her and by his mystic power, she became pregnant with [[Vyasa|Krishna Dvaipāyana Veda Vyasa]], who was dark-complexioned and hence was called by the name Krishna (black) and also the name Dwaipayana, meaning 'island-born'. Later, Parashara took him with himself and trained him in vedic studies. He later compiled the classic Vedic literatures of India, and so is called Vyasa who is the 17th incarnation of Lord Vishnu. Later, Satyavati returned to her father's house and in due course, married [[Shantanu|Śantanu]].<ref name="Mani" />

In [[Anushasana Parva]] of Mahabharata, Parashara told Yudhisthira that he prayed to Shiva. His desire was to obtain a son with great ascetic merit, endued with superior energy, earn world-wide fame, and arrange the Vedas. Shiva appeared and granted him his wishes and in addition, he told him that his son Krishna will be one of the Saptarshis of Savarni manvantara, be immortal by being freed of diseases, and he will be friend of Indra.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Mahabharata, Book 13: Anusasana Parva: Anusasanika Parva: Section XVIII |url=https://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/m13/m13a018.htm |access-date=2022-11-13 |website=www.sacred-texts.com}}</ref>

Parashara was known as the "limping sage". He had his leg wounded during an attack on his āśrama. When a ṛṣi dies he merges back into an element or an archetype. When Sage Parashara was walking through a dense forest he and his students were attacked by wolves. He was unable to get away in his old age with a lame leg and he left this world merging into the wolves.<ref>Munshi, K. M. ''The Book of VedaVyaasa: The Master''.</ref>

The Monument of Parashara Muni is available at ''Junha - Panhala'' fort in ''Tal Kavathe Mahankal Sangli'' district of Maharashtra. A cave supposed to be of Parāśāra Muni is present at the fort.

Parashar Lake is a freshwater lake located at an elevation of 2,730 metres (8,960 ft) in the Mandi district of Himachal Pradesh. On the bank of this lake there is a three storied Pagoda temple dedicated to the sage Parashara. It is believed that sage Parashara meditated here.

==Rigveda==
In the ''[[Rigveda]]'', Parashara, son of Shakti (Parāśara Śāktya), is the seer of verses 1.65-73 which are all in praise of [[Agni]] (the sacred fire), and part of 9.97 (v.31-44) which is in praise of [[Soma (deity)|Soma]]. Below is 1.73.2

''devo na yaḥ savitā satyamanmā kratvā nipāti vṛjanāni viṣvā'' 
''purupraṣasto amatirna satya ātmeva Sevo didhiṣāyyo bhūt''

He who is like the divine Sun, who knows the truth (of all things),
preserves by his actions (his votaries) in all encounters; like nature,
he is unchangeable and, like soul, is the source of all happiness: he is ever to be cherished.<ref>Rgveda 1.73.2 Translation by H.H.Wilson</ref>

==Texts attributed to Parashara==
*''Parashara Smriti'' (also called ''Parashara Dharma Samhita''): a code of laws which is stated in the text (1.24) to be for [[Kali Yuga]].<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://archive.org/download/ParasharaSmriti/SriParasharaSmrithiPdf.pdf | title=There, at the beginning, he describes the precept of religion and its characteristics}}</ref>
*Speaker of Viṣṇu Purana to Maitreya.<ref>Flood, Gavin. An Introduction to Hinduism.</ref>
*Speaker in [[Brihada Vishnu Purana]] to [[Maitreya (Mahābhārata)|Maitreya]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=धर्मनाथ शर्मा |url=https://archive.org/details/20230430_20230430_0703 |title=वृहद्विष्णुपुराणीय मिथिला माहात्म्यम् |date=1980 |publisher=कामेश्वर सिंह दरभंगा संस्कृत विश्वविद्यालय}}</ref>
*Speaker of the ''{{IAST|[[Bṛhat Parāśara Horāśāstra]]}}'', abbreviated as BPHS. It is considered a foundational text of [[jyotisha|Hindu astrology]].
*Speaker of the ''Vṛkṣāyurveda'' ("the science of life of trees"), one of the earliest texts on [[botany]].<ref>{{Cite book |last= |first= |url=http://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.502083 |title=A Concise History of Science in India (Eds.) D. M. Bose, S. N. Sen and B.V. Subbarayappa. |date=1971-10-15 |publisher=Indian National Science Academy |pages=56 |language=English}}</ref> This text was considered to be an ancient botany primer for students of [[ayurveda|Traditional Indian Medicine]].
*[[Parashar Gita]] - philosophical dialogues with [[Janaka|King Janaka]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=www.wisdomlib.org |date=2023-10-25 |title=Parāśara-gītā (Summary) |url=https://www.wisdomlib.org/hinduism/essay/samkhya-thoughts-in-the-mahabharata/d/doc1210290.html |access-date=2024-11-20 |website=www.wisdomlib.org |language=en}}</ref>

==Notes==
{{Reflist}}

==References==
* Flood, Gavin (1996). An Introduction to Hinduism. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. {{ISBN|0-521-43878-0}}.
* Ganguli, Kisari Mohan. "The Mahabharata of Krishna-Dwaipayana Vyasa" published between 1883 and 1896, [http://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/m12/m12c049.htm The Mahabharata, Book 12: Santi Parva: Section CCCL]
* [[Monier-Williams]], ''Sanskrit Dictionary'' (1899).
* Munshi, K.M. "The Book of VedaVyaasa: The Master". Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan, Bombay, 1971.
* Wilson, H. H. (2006). The Vishnu Purana: A System of Hindu Mythology and Tradition. Cambridge: Read Country Books. {{ISBN|1-84664-664-2}}.
* Translation and commentary [http://parashara.net ''Brihat Parāśara Hora Sastra'']
*Translation to Portuguese {{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20191111145829/https://sriganesa.com/b%e1%b9%9bhat-parasara-hora-sastra/ Brihat Parāśara Hora Shastra]}}

{{Rishis of Hindu mythology}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Rishis]]
[[Category:Ancient Indian philosophers]]

Naga United

2025-11-28T01:42:15Z

YukikoTousignant: Adding Basic Article Added Tags

{{Infobox settlement
| name = Naga United
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
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| settlement_type = [[Village]]
| image =
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| pushpin_map = India Nagaland#India
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location of Naga United
| coordinates =
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[Administrative divisions of India#Regions|Region]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Northeast India]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Nagaland]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[Chümoukedima district|Chümoukedima District]]
| established_title = 
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| elevation_m =
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| unit_pref = Metric
| area_rank =
| population_total = 1492<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiagrowing.com/Nagaland/Dimapur/Chumukedima/Naga_United|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221227082256/https://www.indiagrowing.com/Nagaland/Dimapur/Chumukedima/Naga_United|url-status=usurped|archive-date=December 27, 2022|title=Census of India 2011 – Naga United data|website=indiagrowing.com|access-date=27 December 2022}}</ref>
| population_as_of = 2011
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| population_density_km2 = auto
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| population_blank1_title = [[Demonym]]
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| population_blank2_title = Official
| population_blank2 = [[English language|English]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 797113
| registration_plate =
| blank1_name_sec1 = [[Human sex ratio|Sex ratio]]
| blank1_info_sec1 =
| website = {{URL|nagaland.nic.in}}
| footnotes =
}}
'''Naga United''' is a village located in the [[Chümoukedima district|Chümoukedima District]] of [[Nagaland]] and is a suburb of [[Chümoukedima]], the district headquarters.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://mapsofindia.com/villages/nagaland/dimapur/chumukedima/naga-united-vill.html|title=Map of Naga United|website=www.mapsofindia.com|access-date=4 January 2023}}</ref>

==Demographics==
Naga United is situated in the Chümoukedima District of Nagaland. As per the Population Census 2011, there are a total 288 households in Naga United. The total population of Naga United is 1492.

==See also==
*[[Chümoukedima district|Chümoukedima District]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Villages in Chümoukedima district]]

Chemplast Cricket Ground

2025-11-15T12:56:35Z

YukikoTousignant: formatting fix

{{Short description|Cricket ground on the campus of IIT Madras}}
{{More citations needed|date=August 2016}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2018}}
{{Infobox cricket ground
| ground_name = Indian Institute of Technology Chemplast Ground
| nickname = Chemplast Ground
| country = India
| image =
| location = [[IIT Madras]], [[Chennai]], [[Tamil Nadu]]
| establishment = 1998
| seating_capacity = n/a
| end1 =
| end2 =
| club1 = [[Tamil Nadu cricket team]]
| year1 = 1998-present
| international = true
| firstwodidate = 16 December
| firstwodiyear = 2003
| firstwodihome = India
| firstwodiaway = New Zealand
| lastwodidate = 5 March
| lastwodiyear = 2007
| lastwodihome = India
| lastwodiaway = England
| date = 9 December
| year = 2019
| source = http://www.espncricinfo.com/india/content/ground/58005.html Ground profile
}}
The '''Chemplast Cricket Ground''' or '''Indian Institute of Technology Chemplast Ground'''<ref>[https://www.espncricinfo.com/cricket-grounds/indian-institute-of-technology-chemplast-ground-chennai-58005 ESPN:CricInfo Indian Institute of Technology Chemplast Ground]</ref> is a cricket ground within the [[IIT Madras]] campus, in [[Velachery]], [[Chennai]].

The ground is an important cricket venue<ref>[http://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/society/pitching-for-cricket/article29860.ece Pitching for cricket]</ref> in Chennai, and used for practice sessions by the [[India national cricket team|Indian national cricket team]].<ref>[https://indianexpress.com/article/news-archive/print/indian-team-undergoes-practice-sans-dhoni-sehwag/ Indian team practicing at Chemplast.]</ref> Chemplast is described by cricketer [[Sachin Tendulkar]] as the most scenic in the country{{citation needed|date=October 2014}}. It is set amongst lush greenery and the backdrop of the [[Guindy National Park]].

The ground has hosted eight [[Women's cricket]] [[One Day International|ODI]].<ref>[https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Grounds/14/959_wo.html Women's ODI]</ref> The first match record at the ground was in 2003 [[India women's national cricket team|India Women's]] and [[New Zealand women's national cricket team|New Zealand Women's]].<ref>[https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Scorecards/78/78571.html Scoredcard]</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==

* [https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Grounds/14/959.html CricketArchive]
* [http://www.espncricinfo.com/india/content/ground/58005.html ESPNcricinfo]
* [http://wikimapia.org/61168/IIT-Chemplast-Cricket-Ground Wikimapia]

{{Portal|India|Sports}}
{{Chennai Topics}}
{{Sport venues in Tamil Nadu}}

{{Coord|12.98824|N|80.22641|E|display=title}}

[[Category:Cricket grounds in Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Sports venues in Chennai]]
[[Category:University sports venues in India]]
[[Category:IIT Madras]]
[[Category:Sports venues completed in 1998]]
[[Category:1998 establishments in Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:20th-century architecture in India]]

{{India-cricket-ground-stub}}

Love and Affairs

2025-10-21T16:58:34Z

YukikoTousignant: Adding Some Info W/ Infobox

{{short description|Indian web series}}
{{Unreliable sources|date=June 2020}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2023}}
{{Infobox television
| image =
| caption =
| director = Abhishek Saha
| country = India
| genre = [[Romance film|Romantic]]
| num_seasons = 1 
| num_episodes = 5 
| language = Bengali
| company = Storiboat Production
| released = {{Start date|df=y|2020|06|20}}
}}
'''''Love and Affairs''''' is a 2020 Bengali web series published during the [[COVID-19 pandemic lockdown in India|lockdown period]]. a hoichoi original series, is based on [[Erich Segal]]'s novel, Love Story. It features [[Indraneil Sengupta]], [[Barkha Sengupta]] and Debapriyo Mukherjee in the lead roles.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/web-series/reviews/hindi/love-affairs/webseriesshow/76683068.cms|title = Love & Affairs Season 1 Review: The series rides on star power, content lacks punch|website = [[The Times of India]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last1=Farzeen |first1=Sana |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/web-series/hoichoi-shot-at-home-web-series-bengali-6461931/|title = Hoichoi launches an array of shot-at-home web series during lockdown|date = 17 June 2020|work=Indian Express|url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.binged.com/reviews/love-and-affairs-bengali-web-series-review/|title = Love and Affairs Review - an Outdated Kitsch with Neat Acting by the Lead|date = 22 June 2020}}</ref>

== Description ==
Directed by Abhishek Saha this [[Bengali language|Bengali]] web series<ref>{{Cite web|title=Love and Affairs Review: Strong Content with an otherwise sloppy frame|url=https://www.letsott.com/love-and-affairs-2020|access-date=2021-06-15|website=Love and Affairs Review: Strong Content with an otherwise sloppy frame|language=en-US|archive-date=16 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210616043142/https://www.letsott.com/love-and-affairs-2020|url-status=dead}}</ref> plot revolves around the life of a married couple filled with lies and twists. The relationship between the couple is affected by the few events and a bunch of lies. With free flow of story-telling and amazing cinematography, the series gives great visual appearance for the audience.
The Series started streaming on the [[Bengali language|Bengali]] [[Over-the-top media service in India|OTT]] platform hoichoi from 20 June 2020.

== Cast ==
*[[Indraneil Sengupta]] as Abhishek
*[[Barkha Sengupta]] as Roshni
*Debapriyo Mukherjee as Indra
*Swapoorna Sen as Sneha

== Episodes ==
{{Series overview
| color1 = #4C5966
| link1 = #Season 1 (2020)
| episodes1 = 5
| released1 = {{Start date|df=yes|2020|06|20}}
}}

===Season 1 (2020)===
The series started streaming from 20 June 2020 with five episodes.

{{Episode table |background=#4C5966 |overall=Police decided to encounter Guddu and Bablu and attack them. Kaleen ask them to stay low, they hide in Bihar border. |title= |director= |airdate= |airdateR= |country=U.S. |episodes=
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 1
|Title = Love
|DirectedBy = Abhishek Saha
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|df=yes|2020|06|20}}
|ShortSummary =
|LineColor = 000
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 2
|Title = Affair
|DirectedBy = Abhishek Saha
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|df=yes|2020|06|20}}
|ShortSummary =
|LineColor = 000
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 3
|Title = Broken
|DirectedBy = Abhishek Saha
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|df=yes|2020|06|20}}
|ShortSummary =
|LineColor = 000
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 4
|Title = Possess
|DirectedBy = Abhishek Saha
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|df=yes|2020|06|20}}
|ShortSummary =
|LineColor = 000
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 5
|Title = Confessions
|DirectedBy = Abhishek Saha
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|df=yes|2020|06|20}}
|ShortSummary =
|LineColor = 000
}}
}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*{{IMDb title|tt12539156}}

[[Category:Indian web series]]
[[Category:2017 web series debuts]]
[[Category:Bengali-language web series]]
[[Category:Hoichoi original programming]]

{{Bangladesh-tv-stub}}

Sati Sadhani

2025-10-01T02:30:56Z

YukikoTousignant: brief updated section to improve readability also

{{Short description|Legendary queen of the Chutia dynasty}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2021}}
{{Infobox royalty
| full name =
| image = Portrait of Queen Sadhani.jpg
| caption = Modern depiction of queen Sadhani
| name = Sati Sadhani
}}
'''Sati Sadhani''' was a 16th-century legendary queen of the [[Chutiya Kingdom|Chutia dynasty]]. In the Ahom Buranjis, the lead queen of the Chutias in 1524 was called Nang Lung or Bor Konwari. Sati Sadhani as a character might be based upon Nang Lung.

According to the spurious Chutiyar Rajar Vamsavali, first published in [[Orunodoi]] in 1850 and reprinted in Deodhai Asam Buranji, she was the daughter of King Dharmadhwajpal, also known as Dhirnarayan. Born in Sadiya, she married Nityapal, alias Nitai. In 1524, the [[Ahom people|Ahoms]] took advantage of Nityapal's weak leadership and attacked the kingdom, conquering Sadiya and killing Nityapal. When Sadhani, who played a prominent role in the fight against the Ahoms, was asked to marry Sadiyakhowa Gohain, the Ahom governor of [[Sadiya]], she preferred death to dishonour and sacrificed her life by jumping from the top of Chandragiri hills near Sadiya in 1524.

<ref>"Often Indic and Assamese heroes were joined by Queen Victoria, the British Empire’s approved model of female domestic virtues. Jaymati also inspired local imitations. For example, Kaibarta
publicists in their quest for respectability ‘‘excavated’’ another sati from their own caste history, Santi Radhika. Another local group, the Chutias, found a virtuous princess, Sati Sadhani, for themselves. Assamese Muslims celebrated their own icon, Sati Rahima"{{harvcol|Sharma|2011|p=228}}</ref>

==Divas==

Every year in [[Assam]], 21 April is celebrated as Sati Sadhani divas to honor the sacrifices made by the Sutiya Queen. The [[Government of Assam]] marked this day a state holiday.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P3-1467588881.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924203032/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P3-1467588881.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=2015-09-24|title=Sati Sadhani Divas observed at North Lakimpur}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Sati Sadhani Divas around the world in 2021|url=https://www.officeholidays.com/holidays/sati-sadhani-divas|access-date=2021-06-19|website=Office Holidays|language=en}}</ref>
<ref>{{Cite web|title=Sati Sadhani Divas 2025 in Assam|url= https://holidaytoday.in/en/india/assam/holidays/sati-sadhani-divas|website=Holiday Today|language=en}}</ref>

==Award==

The Sati Sadhani award was established by the Sutiya Jati Unnayan Parishad. The award is given to someone with outstanding contributions to the field of art, culture and literature. The honoree is selected by a committee formed by the Parishad.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.sentinelassam.com/state1/story.php?sec=2&subsec=2&id=111994&dtP=2012-04-13&ppr=1|title=Sati Sadhani Award being launched}}</ref>

==Film and theatre==
Her life is depicted by the 20th-century Assamese writer [[Padmanath Gohain Baruah]] in the drama ''Sadhani''.

==See also==
* [[Joymoti konwari]]
* [[Birangana Sati Sadhani Rajyik Vishwavidyalaya]]
* [[Chutia kingdom]]
* [[Chutia people]]

==Notes==
{{Reflist}}
==References==
*{{Cite book|last=Sharma|first=Jayeeta|url=https://library.oapen.org/bitstream/id/b11ba477-73c0-4a92-b158-043a50ef88e5/648153.pdf|title=Empire's Garden: Assam and the Making of India|publisher=Duke University Press|year=2011|language=en}}
*{{cite book
| first = Col. Ved
| last = Prakash
| title = Encyclopedia of North East India.Vol.2
| year = 2007
| publisher = Atlantic Publishers & Dist.
}}

[[Category:Legendary Indian people]]

[[Category:Indian women in war]]
[[Category:Chutiya community]]
[[Category:Hindu monarchs]]

2022 Sunrisers Hyderabad season

2025-09-25T23:13:49Z

YukikoTousignant: creating a post from scratch...

{{Short description|Indian Premier League cricket team season}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2021}}
{{Infobox cricket club season
| club = Sunrisers Hyderabad
| image =
| season = [[2022 Indian Premier League|2022]]
| coach = [[Tom Moody]]
| coachtitle = Coach
| captain = [[Kane Williamson]] [[Bhuvneshwar Kumar]]{{Efn|name=fn1|Kumar captained last match of the season as Williamson missed the match due to personal reasons.<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/ipl-2022-kane-williamson-to-fly-back-to-new-zealand-for-the-birth-of-his-child-1315506|title=Kane Williamson to fly back to New Zealand for the birth of his child|work=ESPNcricinfo|date=18 May 2022|access-date=29 May 2022|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite tweet|title=And @BhuviOfficial will be leading us on the field tonight.|number=1528368929478889476|access-date=29 May 2022|user=SunRisers|date=22 May 2022}}</ref>}}
| captaintitle = Captain
| overseas =
| overseastitle =
| ground = [[Rajiv Gandhi International Cricket Stadium]], [[Hyderabad]]
| comp1 = [[2022 Indian Premier League|IPL]]
| comp1 result = League stage (8th)
| comp2 =
| comp2 result =
| most runs = [[Abhishek Sharma (cricketer, born 2000)|Abhishek Sharma]] (426)
| most wickets = [[Umran Malik]] (22)
| most catches = [[Kane Williamson]] (10)
| most dismissals = [[Nicholas Pooran]] (9)
| prevseason = [[Sunrisers Hyderabad in 2021|2021]]
| nextseason = [[Sunrisers Hyderabad in 2023|2023]]
}}
[[Sunrisers Hyderabad]] (often abbreviated as SRH) are a franchise cricket team based in [[Hyderabad]], [[Telangana]], which plays in the [[Indian Premier League]] (IPL). They are one of the ten teams to compete in the [[2022 Indian Premier League]], making their tenth appearance in all IPL tournaments.

==Background==
[[Trevor Bayliss]] and [[Brad Haddin]] stepped down as the head-coach and assistant coach of the [[Sunrisers Hyderabad]] following the last-place finish in the [[2021 Indian Premier League]].<ref>{{cite news|last=Tagore|first=Vijay|title=Flower leaves PBKS, Bayliss moves on from SRH|url=https://www.cricbuzz.com/cricket-news/120080/ipl-andy-flower-leaves-pbks-trevor-bayliss-moves-on-from-srh-cricbuzzcom|access-date=1 December 2021|date=23 December 2021|website=Cricbuzz}}</ref> [[VVS Laxman]] stepped down as mentor to take the job as the Director of Cricket at the [[National Cricket Academy]].<ref>{{cite news|last=|first=|title=First day, first show: VVS Laxman takes charge at NCA|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/cricket/news/first-day-first-show-vvs-laxman-takes-charge-at-nca/articleshow/88260251.cms|access-date=13 December 2021|date=23 December 2021|website=Times of India|agency=Press Trust of India}}</ref> On 23 December 2021, [[Tom Moody]], predecessor to Bayliss, was announced as the head-coach of the Sunrisers Hyderabad with [[Simon Katich]] appointed as the assistant-coach.<ref name="coach"/><ref>{{cite news|last=|first=|title=IPL 2022: Brian Lara, Dale Steyn join Sunrisers' support staff; Tom Moody returns as coach|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/ipl-2022-brian-lara-dale-steyn-join-sunrisers-hyderabad-support-staff-tom-moody-returns-as-coach-1294180|access-date=23 December 2021|date=23 December 2021|work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref> [[Dale Steyn]], [[Brian Lara]] and [[Hemang Badani]] were also appointed as pace-bowling, batting and fielding coaches respectively.<ref name="coach">{{cite tweet|title=Introducing the new management/support staff of SRH for #IPL2022!|number=1473917488337342467|access-date=23 December 2021|user=SunRisers|date=23 December 2021}}</ref> Katich left the team after the auction on 18 February 2022 citing bubble fatigue as the reason for his resignation.<ref>{{cite news|last=Gollapudi|first=Nagraj|title=Katich resigns as assistant coach of Sunrisers Hyderabad|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/ipl-2022-simon-katich-resigns-as-assistant-coach-of-sunrisers-hyderabad-1301750|access-date=18 February 2022|date=18 February 2022|work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref> Sunrisers appointed [[Simon Helmot]] as their assistant coach for the IPL 2022.<ref name="assistant-coach">{{cite tweet|title=Wishing Our Coach @SimonHelmot best of luck as he has joined @SunRisers for the upcoming @IPL season|number=1504488657738080266|access-date=19 March 2022|user=sknpatriots|date=17 March 2022}}</ref> He previously worked under Moody as assistant coach for the Sunrisers between 2013 and 2019.

==Player acquisition==
{{main|List of 2022 Indian Premier League personnel changes}}
In preparation for the 2022 mega-auction, the franchise retained three players and released 25 in November 2021.<ref>{{cite tweet|title=Presenting the 2 #Risers along with Captain Kane who will continue to don the #SRH colours in #IPL2022|number=1465718620126801920|access-date=30 November 2021|user=SunRisers|date=30 November 2021}}</ref><ref name="retained">{{cite web|last=|first=|title=VIVO IPL 2022 Player Retention|url=https://www.iplt20.com/news/3751/vivo-ipl-2022-player-retention|access-date=30 November 2021|date=30 November 2021|website=IPLT20}}</ref> As a result, they entered the auction with a remaining salary cap of {{INRConvert|68|c}}.<ref name="retained"/> The auction took place on 12 and 13 February 2022 in [[Bangalore]],<ref>{{cite web|title=IPL 2022 Player Auction List Announced |url=https://www.iplt20.com/news/3721/ipl-2022-player-auction-list-announced |website=IPLT20.com |publisher=IPLT20|date=1 February 2022|access-date=5 February 2022|language=en}}</ref> with the team acquiring 20 players, almost exhausting their salary cap. Sunrisers released veterans [[David Warner (cricketer)|David Warner]] and [[Rashid Khan]], their highest run scorer and their second highest wicket taker respectively. West Indies international [[Nicholas Pooran]] was the team's most expensive signing at purchase price of {{INRConvert|10.75|c}}.<ref name="auction">{{cite web|last=|first=|title=Sunrisers Hyderabad full squad after 2 days of IPL 2022 auction|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cricket/sunrisers-hyderabad-full-squad-after-2-days-of-ipl-2022-auction-101644763087042.html|access-date=13 February 2022|date=13 February 2022|website=Hindustan Times}}</ref>

;Players retained: [[Kane Williamson]], [[Abdul Samad (Indian cricketer)|Abdul Samad]], [[Umran Malik]].
;Players released: [[David Warner (cricketer)|David Warner]], [[Manish Pandey]], [[Jonny Bairstow]], [[Wriddhiman Saha]], [[Shreevats Goswami]], [[Priyam Garg]], [[Virat Singh]], [[Rashid Khan]], [[Vijay Shankar (cricketer)|Vijay Shankar]], [[Mohammad Nabi]], [[Abhishek Sharma (cricketer, born 2000)|Abhishek Sharma]], [[Mitchell Marsh]], [[Jason Holder]], [[T. Natarajan]], [[Bhuvneshwar Kumar]], [[Shahbaz Nadeem]], [[Khaleel Ahmed]], [[Siddarth Kaul]], [[Sandeep Sharma]], [[Basil Thampi]], [[Jagadeesha Suchith]], [[Kedar Jadhav]], [[Mujeeb Ur Rahman]], [[Jason Roy]], [[Sherfane Rutherford]].
;Players acquired: [[Washington Sundar]], [[Nicholas Pooran]], [[T. Natarajan]], [[Bhuvneshwar Kumar]], [[Priyam Garg]], [[Abhishek Sharma (cricketer, born 2000)|Abhishek Sharma]], [[Kartik Tyagi]], [[Shreyas Gopal]], [[Jagadeesha Suchith]], [[Aiden Markram]], [[Marco Jansen]], [[Romario Shepherd]], [[Sean Abbott]], [[Ravikumar Samarth]], [[Shashank Singh]], [[Saurabh Dubey (Maharashtra cricketer)|Saurabh Dubey]], [[Vishnu Vinod]], [[Glenn Phillips (cricketer)|Glenn Phillips]], [[Fazalhaq Farooqi]], [[Rahul Tripathi]]

== Squad ==
* Players with international caps are listed in '''bold'''.

* '''Year signed''' denotes the season the player was signed to the team

{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:85%;"
|-
! No.
! Name
! Nationality
! Birth date
! Batting style
! Bowling style
! Year signed
! Salary<ref name="IPLsalary">{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/auction/content/site/ipl2022|title=IPL Auction 2022|accessdate=19 February 2022|date=13 February 2022|work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref>
! Notes
|-
! colspan="9" style="background:#dcdcdc; text-align:center;"| Batters
|-
| 11 || [[Priyam Garg]] || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age2|2022|3|26|2000|11|30|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[Fast bowling|medium-fast]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2020 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|20|l|lk=on}} ||
|-
| 22 || '''[[Kane Williamson]]''' || {{cr|NZ}} || {{birth date and age2|2022|3|26|1990|08|08|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[off break]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2015 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|14|c|lk=on}} || [[Captain (cricket)|Captain]], Overseas
|-
| 52 || [[Rahul Tripathi]] || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age2|2022|3|26|1991|03|02|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm medium-fast || style="text-align:center;"| 2022 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|8.5|c}} ||
|-
| 66 || [[Ravikumar Samarth]] || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age2|2022|3|26|1993|01|22|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm off break || style="text-align:center;"| 2022 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|20|l}} ||
|-
| 94 || '''[[Aiden Markram]]''' || {{cr|RSA}} || {{birth date and age2|2022|3|26|1994|10|04|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm off break || style="text-align:center;"| 2022 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|2.6|c}} || Overseas
|-
! colspan="9" style="background:#dcdcdc; text-align:center;"| All-rounders
|-
| 1 || [[Abdul Samad (Indian cricketer)|Abdul Samad]] || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age2|2022|3|26|2001|10|28|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[leg break]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2020 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|4|c}} ||
|-
| 4 || [[Abhishek Sharma (cricketer, born 2000)|Abhishek Sharma]] || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age2|2022|3|26|2000|09|04|df=y}} || Left-handed || Left-arm [[Left-arm orthodox spin|orthodox]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2019 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|6.5|c}} ||
|-
| 5 || '''[[Washington Sundar]]''' || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age2|2022|3|26|1999|10|05|df=y}} || Left-handed || Right-arm off break || style="text-align:center;"| 2022 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|8.75|c}} ||
|-
| 21 || [[Shashank Singh]] || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age2|2022|3|26|1991|11|21|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm off break || style="text-align:center;"| 2022 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|20|l}} ||
|-
| 37 || [[Shreyas Gopal]] || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age2|2022|3|26|1993|09|04|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right arm leg break || style="text-align:center;"| 2022 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|75|l}} ||
|-
| 48 || '''[[Romario Shepherd]]''' || {{cr|GUY}} || {{birth date and age2|2022|3|26|1994|11|26|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm medium-fast || style="text-align:center;"| 2022 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|7.75|c}} || Overseas
|-
| 70 || '''[[Marco Jansen]]''' || {{cr|RSA}} || {{birth date and age2|2022|3|26|2000|05|01|df=y}} || Right-handed || Left-arm fast || style="text-align:center;"| 2022 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|4.2|c}} || Overseas
|-
| 77 || '''[[Sean Abbott]]''' || {{cr|AUS}} || {{birth date and age2|2022|3|26|1992|02|29|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm medium-fast || style="text-align:center;"| 2022 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|2.4|c}} || Overseas
|-
! colspan="9" style="background:#dcdcdc; text-align:center;"| Wicket-keepers
|-
| 6 || '''[[Glenn Phillips (cricketer)|Glenn Phillips]]''' || {{cr|NZ}} || {{birth date and age2|2022|3|26|1996|12|06|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm off break || style="text-align:center;"| 2022 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|1.5|c}} || Overseas
|-
| 14 || [[Vishnu Vinod]] || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age2|2022|3|26|1993|12|02|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm medium-fast || style="text-align:center;"| 2022 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|50|l}} ||
|-
| 29 || '''[[Nicholas Pooran]]''' || {{cr|TRI}} || {{birth date and age2|2022|3|26|1995|10|02|df=y}} || Left-handed || Right-arm off break || style="text-align:center;"| 2022 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|10.75|c}} || Overseas
|-
! colspan="9" style="background:#dcdcdc; text-align:center;"| Bowlers
|-
| 9 || [[Kartik Tyagi]] || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age2|2022|3|26|2000|11|08|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right arm fast || style="text-align:center;"| 2022 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|4|c}} ||
|-
| 15 || '''[[Bhuvneshwar Kumar]]''' || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age2|2022|3|26|1990|02|05|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right arm medium-fast || style="text-align:center;"| 2014 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|4.2|c}} ||
|-
| 24 || [[Umran Malik]] || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age2|2022|3|26|1999|11|22|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right arm fast || style="text-align:center;"| 2021 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|4|c}} ||
|-
| 27 || [[Jagadeesha Suchith]] || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age2|2022|3|26|1994|01|16|df=y}} || Left-handed || Left arm orthodox || style="text-align:center;"| 2021 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|20|l}} ||
|-
| 30 || [[Saurabh Dubey (Maharashtra cricketer)|Saurabh Dubey]] || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age2|2022|3|26|1998|01|23|df=y}} || Right-handed || Left-arm medium-fast || style="text-align:center;"| 2022 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|20|l}} || Pulled out on 4 May due to injury.<ref name="dubey-mishra">{{cite tweet|title=#OrangeArmy, say hello to Sushant Mishra.|number=1521867598102937600|accessdate=8 May 2022|user=SunRisers|date=3 May 2022}}</ref>
|-
| 32 || [[Sushant Mishra]] || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age2|2022|3|26|2000|12|23|df=y}} || Left-handed || Left-arm medium-fast || style="text-align:center;"| 2022 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|20|l}} || Replacement for Dubey.<ref name="dubey-mishra"/>
|-
| 44 || '''[[T. Natarajan]]''' || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age2|2022|3|26|1991|04|04|df=y}} || Left-handed || Left arm medium-fast || style="text-align:center;"| 2018 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|4|c}} ||
|-
| 83 || '''[[Fazalhaq Farooqi]]''' || {{cr|AFG|2013}} || {{birth date and age2|2022|3|26|2000|09|22|df=y}} || Right-handed || Left-arm medium-fast || style="text-align:center;"| 2022 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|50|l}} || Overseas
|-
! colspan="9" style="text-align:right;"| Source:<ref>{{cite tweet|title=#OrangeArmy, here are your #Risers for #IPL2022|number=1493095250977443844|accessdate=19 March 2022|user=SunRisers|date=13 February 2022}}</ref>
|}

==Administration and support staff==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Position
! Name
|-
| Owner
|[[Kalanithi Maran]] ([[Sun Network]])
|-
| CEO
|K Shanmughan
|-
| Head coach
|[[Tom Moody]]
|-
| Assistant coach
| [[Simon Helmot]]
|-
| Batting coach
| [[Brian Lara]]
|-
| Spin bowling coach
|[[Muttiah Muralitharan]]
|-
| Pace bowling coach
|[[Dale Steyn]]
|-
| Fielding coach
| [[Hemang Badani]]
|-
! colspan="2" style="text-align:right;"| Source:<ref name="coach"/><ref name="assistant-coach"/>
|}

==Kit manufacturers and sponsors==
On 17 March Sunrisers released their kit including the sponsors list for the [[2022 Indian Premier League]].<ref name="kit"/>
{{col-begin}}
{{col-2}}
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:85%;"
|-
!Kit manufacturer
!Shirt sponsor (chest)
!Shirt sponsor (back)
!Chest branding
|-
|[[Wrogn]]
|[[CARS24]]
|[[Balkrishna Industries|BKT]]
|[[Kent RO Systems|Kent RO]]
|-
! colspan="4" style="text-align:right;"| Source :<ref name="kit">{{cite tweet|title=Here’s the first look of Captain Kane in the #OrangeArmour.|number=1504486039364128786|accessdate=19 March 2022|user=SunRisers|date=17 March 2022}}</ref><ref name="sponsors">{{cite tweet|title=Here's to each and every one of our partnerships for this season.|number=1505867332232495104|accessdate=21 March 2022|user=SunRisers|date=21 March 2022}}</ref>
|}
{{col-2}}
{| border-"0"
|{{Cricket uniform
| pattern_la = _srh22
| pattern_b = _srh22
| pattern_ra = _srh22
| pattern_pants =
| leftarm = 000000
| body = FF6600
| rightarm = 000000
| pants = FF6600
| title = T20 uniform
}}
|
|}
{{col-end}}

==Indian Premier League==
{{main|2022 Indian Premier League}}
A total of ten teams competed in the [[Indian Premier League]] in the 2022 season, an increase from eight in the [[2021 Indian Premier League|previous season]]. The teams are divided into two groups of five with the teams being drawn according to the seedings based on their historic performance. Each team plays the other four teams in its own group twice, twice against the team in the same position in the opposite group, one game against each of the remaining teams in the opposite group. There is no relevant home-away formula as the matches are held in bio-secure bubbles across four venues, three in [[Mumbai]] and one in [[Pune]], due to the [[COVID-19 pandemic|ongoing pandemic]]. The four teams with the best overall record automatically qualifies for the playoffs.<ref name=iplformat>{{cite web|title=Key decisions taken in IPL Governing Council meeting regarding TATA IPL 2022 Season|url=https://www.iplt20.com/news/3722/key-decisions-taken-in-ipl-governing-council-meeting-regarding-tata-ipl-2022-season|website=IPLT20|date=25 February 2022|access-date=6 March 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Gollapudi|first=Nagraj|title=IPL unveils new format for 2022, with two groups and seedings|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/ipl-2022-unveils-new-format-with-two-groups-and-seedings-1302674|work=ESPNcricinfo|date=25 February 2022|access-date=6 March 2022}}</ref>

The format for playoff stage remained same as the previous season where it was played according to the [[page playoff system]] and provided top two teams in the league stage with two ways of qualifying for the Final. The top two teams first faced each other in Qualifier 1, the winner of which qualified for the Final. The third and fourth placed teams in league stage faced each other in Eliminator. The loser of Qualifier 1 played against the winner of the Eliminator in Qualifier 2, the winner of which also qualified for the Final. The winner of Final was crowned as the IPL champions.

===Offseason===
The fixtures for this season were released on 6 March with the Sunrisers Hyderabad playing their first match against the [[Rajasthan Royals]] on 29 March at [[Maharashtra Cricket Association Stadium]] in [[Pune]].<ref name=iplfixtures_announcement>{{cite web|title=BCCI announces schedule for TATA IPL 2022|url=https://www.iplt20.com/news/3724/bcci-announces-schedule-for-tata-ipl-2022|website=IPLT20|date=6 March 2022|access-date=6 March 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=|first=|title=Chennai Super Kings vs Kolkata Knight Riders to kick off IPL 2022 on March 26|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/ipl-2022-chennai-super-kings-vs-kolkata-knight-riders-to-kick-off-season-1304029|work=ESPNcricinfo|date=6 March 2022|access-date=6 March 2022}}</ref>

== Season overview ==
=== League stage ===
;Standings
{{2022 Indian Premier League Points table|showteam=SRH}}

;Results by match
{{#invoke:sports rbr table|table|legendpos=b
|header=Round
|label1= Ground
| res1= H/ H/ A/ H/ H/ A/ A/ A/ H/ A/ H/ A/ A/ H
|label2= Result
| res2= L/L/W/W/W/W/W/L/L/L/L/L/W/L
|label3= Position
| pos3= 10/10/8/8/7/4/2/3/3/6/6/8/8/8

| color_W = green2|text_W=Win
| color_D = yellow2| text_D=Draw
| color_L = red2|text_L=Loss
| text_H = Home|text_A = Away
| color_1-2=green1| color_3-2=#ffc
| source = [[#Fixtures|Fixtures]]
}}

== Fixtures ==
===League stage===
{{main|2022 Indian Premier League #League stage}}
{{Hatnote|All times are in [[Indian Standard Time]] ([[UTC+05:30]])}}
{{Single-innings cricket match collapsible
| date = {{anchor|match1}} 29 March
| time = 19:30
| daynight = yes
| team1 = [[Rajasthan Royals]]
| team2 = Sunrisers Hyderabad{{sp}}(H)
| score1 = 210/6 (20 overs)
| score2 = 149/7 (20 overs)
| runs1 = [[Sanju Samson]] 55 (27)
| wickets1 = [[Umran Malik]] 2/39 (4 overs)
| runs2 = [[Aiden Markram]] 57[[not out|*]] (41)
| wickets2 = [[Yuzvendra Chahal]] 3/22 (4 overs)
| venue = [[Maharashtra Cricket Association Stadium]], [[Pune]]
| toss = Sunrisers Hyderabad won the toss and elected to field.
| motm = [[Sanju Samson]] (Rajasthan Royals)
| umpires = [[Ulhas Gandhe]] (Ind) and [[Bruce Oxenford]] (Aus)
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1304051.html Scorecard]
| result = Rajasthan Royals won by 61 runs
| notes =
| bg = L
| stack = yes
| round = Round 1
}}
{{Single-innings cricket match collapsible
| date = {{anchor|match2}} 4 April
| time = 19:30
| daynight = yes
| team1 = [[Lucknow Super Giants]]
| team2 = Sunrisers Hyderabad{{sp}}(H)
| score1 = 169/7 (20 overs)
| score2 = 157/9 (20 overs)
| runs1 = [[KL Rahul]] 68 (50)
| wickets1 = [[T. Natarajan]] 2/26 (4 overs)
| runs2 = [[Rahul Tripathi]] 44 (30)
| wickets2 = [[Avesh Khan]] 4/24 (4 overs)
| venue = [[DY Patil Stadium]], [[Navi Mumbai]]
| toss = Sunrisers Hyderabad won the toss and elected to field.
| motm = [[Avesh Khan]] (Lucknow Super Giants)
| umpires = [[Jayaraman Madanagopal]] (Ind) and [[Navdeep Singh (cricketer)|Navdeep Singh]] (Ind)
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1304058.html Scorecard]
| result = Lucknow Super Giants won by 12 runs
| notes =
| bg = L
| stack = yes
| round = Round 2
}}
{{Single-innings cricket match collapsible
| date = {{anchor|match3}} 9 April
| time = 15:30
| daynight =
| team1 = [[Chennai Super Kings]]{{sp}}(H)
| team2 = Sunrisers Hyderabad
| score1 = 154/7 (20 overs)
| score2 = 155/2 (17.4 overs)
| runs1 = [[Moeen Ali]] 48 (35)
| wickets1 = [[Washington Sundar]] 2/21 (4 overs)
| runs2 = [[Abhishek Sharma (cricketer, born 2000)|Abhishek Sharma]] 75 (50)
| wickets2 = [[Dwayne Bravo]] 1/29 (2.4 overs)
| venue = [[DY Patil Stadium]], [[Navi Mumbai]]
| toss = Sunrisers Hyderabad won the toss and elected to field.
| motm = [[Abhishek Sharma (cricketer, born 2000)|Abhishek Sharma]] (Sunrisers Hyderabad)
| umpires = [[Nitin Menon]] (Ind) and [[Navdeep Singh (cricketer)|Navdeep Singh]] (Ind)
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1304063.html Scorecard]
| result = Sunrisers Hyderabad won by 8 wickets
| notes =
| bg = W
| stack = yes
| round = Round 3
}}
{{Single-innings cricket match collapsible
| date = {{anchor|match4}} 11 April
| time = 19:30
| daynight = yes
| team1 = [[Gujarat Titans]]
| team2 = Sunrisers Hyderabad{{sp}}(H)
| score1 = 162/7 (20 overs)
| score2 = 168/2 (19.1 overs)
| runs1 = [[Hardik Pandya]] 50[[not out|*]] (42)
| wickets1 = [[T. Natarajan]] 2/34 (4 overs)
| runs2 = [[Kane Williamson]] 57 (46)
| wickets2 = [[Hardik Pandya]] 1/27 (4 overs)
| venue = [[DY Patil Stadium]], [[Navi Mumbai]]
| toss = Sunrisers Hyderabad won the toss and elected to field.
| motm = [[Kane Williamson]] (Sunrisers Hyderabad)
| umpires = [[Chirra Ravikanthreddy]] (Ind) and [[Rod Tucker]] (Aus)
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1304067.html Scorecard]
| result = Sunrisers Hyderabad won by 8 wickets
| notes =
| bg = W
| stack = yes
| round = Round 4
}}
{{Single-innings cricket match collapsible
| date = {{anchor|match5}} 15 April
| time = 19:30
| daynight = yes
| team1 = [[Kolkata Knight Riders]]
| team2 = Sunrisers Hyderabad{{sp}}(H)
| score1 = 175/8 (20 overs)
| score2 = 176/3 (17.5 overs)
| runs1 = [[Nitish Rana]] 54 (36)
| wickets1 = [[T. Natarajan]] 3/37 (4 overs)
| runs2 = [[Rahul Tripathi]] 71 (37)
| wickets2 = [[Andre Russell]] 2/20 (2 overs)
| venue = [[Brabourne Stadium]], [[Mumbai]]
| toss = Sunrisers Hyderabad won the toss and elected to field.
| motm = [[Rahul Tripathi]] (Sunrisers Hyderabad)
| umpires = [[Sadashiv Iyer]] (Ind) and [[Virender Sharma]] (Ind)
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1304071.html Scorecard]
| result = Sunrisers Hyderabad won by 7 wickets
| notes =
| bg = W
| stack = yes
| round = Round 5
}}
{{Single-innings cricket match collapsible
| date = {{anchor|match6}} 17 April
| time = 15:30
| daynight =
| team1 = [[Punjab Kings]]{{sp}}(H)
| team2 = Sunrisers Hyderabad
| score1 = 151 (20 overs)
| score2 = 152/3 (18.5 overs)
| runs1 = [[Liam Livingstone]] 60 (33)
| wickets1 = [[Umran Malik]] 4/28 (4 overs)
| runs2 = [[Aiden Markram]] 41[[not out|*]] (27)
| wickets2 = [[Rahul Chahar]] 2/28 (4 overs)
| venue = [[DY Patil Stadium]], [[Navi Mumbai]]
| toss = Sunrisers Hyderabad won the toss and elected to field.
| motm = [[Umran Malik]] (Sunrisers Hyderabad)
| umpires = [[Rohan Pandit]] (Ind) and [[Pashchim Pathak]] (Ind)
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1304074.html Scorecard]
| result = Sunrisers Hyderabad won by 7 wickets
| notes =
| bg = W
| stack = yes
| round = Round 6
}}
{{Single-innings cricket match collapsible
| date = {{anchor|match7}} 23 April
| time = 19:30
| daynight = yes
| team1 = [[Royal Challengers Bangalore]]{{sp}}(H)
| team2 = Sunrisers Hyderabad
| score1 = 68 (16.1 overs)
| score2 = 72/1 (8 overs)
| runs1 = [[Suyash Prabhudessai]] 15 (20)
| wickets1 = [[T. Natarajan]] 3/10 (3 overs)
| runs2 = [[Abhishek Sharma (cricketer, born 2000)|Abhishek Sharma]] 47 (28)
| wickets2 = [[Harshal Patel]] 1/18 (2 overs)
| venue = [[Brabourne Stadium]], [[Mumbai]]
| toss = Sunrisers Hyderabad won the toss and elected to field.
| motm = [[Marco Jansen]] (Sunrisers Hyderabad)
| umpires = [[Jayaraman Madanagopal]] (Ind) and [[Chirra Ravikanthreddy]] (Ind)
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1304082.html Scorecard]
| result = Sunrisers Hyderabad won by 9 wickets
| notes =
| bg = W
| stack = yes
| round = Round 7
}}
{{Single-innings cricket match collapsible
| date = {{anchor|match8}} 27 April
| time = 19:30
| daynight = yes
| team1 = Sunrisers Hyderabad
| team2 = [[Gujarat Titans]]{{sp}}(H)
| score1 = 195/6 (20 overs)
| score2 = 199/5 (20 overs)
| runs1 = [[Abhishek Sharma (cricketer, born 2000)|Abhishek Sharma]] 65 (42)
| wickets1 = [[Mohammed Shami]] 3/39 (4 overs)
| runs2 = [[Wriddhiman Saha]] 68 (38)
| wickets2 = [[Umran Malik]] 5/25 (4 overs)
| venue = [[Wankhede Stadium]], [[Mumbai]]
| toss = Gujarat Titans won the toss and elected to field.
| motm = [[Umran Malik]] (Sunrisers Hyderabad)
| umpires = [[Chris Gaffaney]] (NZ) and [[Navdeep Singh (cricketer)|Navdeep Singh]] (Ind)
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1304086.html Scorecard]
| result = Gujarat Titans won by 5 wickets
| notes =
| bg = L
| stack = yes
| round = Round 8
}}
{{Single-innings cricket match collapsible
| date = {{anchor|match9}} 1 May
| time = 19:30
| daynight = yes
| team1 = [[Chennai Super Kings]]
| team2 = Sunrisers Hyderabad{{sp}}(H)
| score1 = 202/2 (20 overs)
| score2 = 189/6 (20 overs)
| runs1 = [[Ruturaj Gaikwad]] 99 (57)
| wickets1 = [[T Natarajan]] 2/42 (4 overs)
| runs2 = [[Nicholas Pooran]] 64[[not out|*]] (33)
| wickets2 = [[Mukesh Choudhary]] 4/46 (4 overs)
| venue = [[Maharashtra Cricket Association Stadium]], [[Pune]]
| toss = Sunrisers Hyderabad won the toss and elected to field.
| motm = [[Ruturaj Gaikwad]] (Chennai Super Kings)
| umpires = [[K. N. Ananthapadmanabhan]] (Ind) and [[Anil Chaudhary (umpire)|Anil Chaudhary]] (Ind)
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1304092.html Scorecard]
| result = Chennai Super Kings won by 13 runs
| notes =
| bg = L
| stack = yes
| round = Round 9
}}
{{Single-innings cricket match collapsible
| date = {{anchor|match10}} 5 May
| time = 19:30
| daynight = yes
| team1 = [[Delhi Capitals]]{{sp}}(H)
| team2 = Sunrisers Hyderabad
| score1 = 207/3 (20 overs)
| score2 = 186/8 (20 overs)
| runs1 = [[David Warner (cricketer)|David Warner]] 92[[not out|*]] (58)
| wickets1 = [[Bhuvneshwar Kumar]] 1/25 (4 overs)
| runs2 = [[Nicholas Pooran]] 62 (34)
| wickets2 = [[Khaleel Ahmed]] 3/30 (4 overs)
| venue = [[Brabourne Stadium]], [[Mumbai]]
| toss = Sunrisers Hyderabad won the toss and elected to field.
| motm = [[David Warner (cricketer)|David Warner]] (Delhi Capitals)
| umpires = [[Nikhil Patwardhan]] (Ind) and [[Navdeep Singh (cricketer)|Navdeep Singh]] (Ind)
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1304096.html Scorecard]
| result = Delhi Capitals won by 21 runs
| notes =
| bg = L
| stack = yes
| round = Round 10
}}
{{Single-innings cricket match collapsible
| date = {{anchor|match11}} 8 May
| time = 15:30
| daynight = y
| team1 = [[Royal Challengers Bangalore]]
| team2 = Sunrisers Hyderabad{{sp}}(H)
| score1 = 192/3 (20 overs)
| score2 = 125 (19.2 overs)
| runs1 = [[Faf du Plessis]] 73[[not out|*]] (50)
| wickets1 = [[Jagadeesha Suchith]] 2/30 (4 overs)
| runs2 = [[Rahul Tripathi]] 58 (37)
| wickets2 = [[Wanindu Hasaranga]] 5/18 (4 overs)
| venue = [[Wankhede Stadium]], [[Mumbai]]
| toss = Royal Challengers Bangalore won the toss and elected to bat.
| motm = [[Wanindu Hasaranga]] (Royal Challengers Bangalore)
| umpires = [[Marais Erasmus]] (SA) and [[Nitin Pandit]] (Ind)
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1304100.html Scorecard]
| result = Royal Challengers Bangalore won by 67 runs
| notes =
| bg = L
| stack = yes
| round = Round 11
}}
{{Single-innings cricket match collapsible
| date = {{anchor|match12}} 14 May
| time = 19:30
| daynight = yes
| team1 = [[Kolkata Knight Riders]]{{sp}}(H)
| team2 = Sunrisers Hyderabad
| score1 = 177/6 (20 overs)
| score2 = 123/8 (20 overs)
| runs1 = [[Andre Russell]] 49[[not out|*]] (28)
| wickets1 = [[Umran Malik]] 3/33 (4 overs)
| runs2 = [[Abhishek Sharma (cricketer, born 2000)|Abhishek Sharma]] 43 (28)
| wickets2 = [[Andre Russell]] 3/22 (4 overs)
| venue = [[Maharashtra Cricket Association Stadium|MCA International Stadium]], [[Pune]]
| toss = Kolkata Knight Riders won the toss and elected to bat.
| motm = [[Andre Russell]] (Kolkata Knight Riders)
| umpires = [[K. N. Ananthapadmanabhan]] (Ind) and [[Anil Chaudhary (umpire)|Anil Chaudhary]] (Ind)
| report = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1304107.html Scorecard]
| result = Kolkata Knight Riders won by 54 runs
| notes =
| bg = L
| stack = yes
| round = Round 12
}}
{{Single-innings cricket match collapsible
| date = {{anchor|match13}} 17 May
| time = 19:30
| daynight = yes
| team1 = Sunrisers Hyderabad
| team2 = [[Mumbai Indians]]{{sp}}(H)
| score1 = 193/6 (20 overs)
| score2 = 190/7 (20 overs)
| runs1 = [[Rahul Tripathi]] 76 (44)
| wickets1 = [[Ramandeep Singh (cricketer)|Ramandeep Singh]] 3/20 (3 overs)
| runs2 = [[Rohit Sharma]] 48 (36)
| wickets2 = [[Umran Malik]] 3/23 (3 overs)
| venue = [[Wankhede Stadium]], [[Mumbai]]
| toss = Mumbai Indians won the toss and elected to field.
| motm = [[Rahul Tripathi]] (Sunrisers Hyderabad)
| umpires = [[Chris Gaffaney]] (NZ) and [[Nitin Pandit]] (Ind)
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1304111.html Scorecard]
| result = Sunrisers Hyderabad won by 3 runs
| notes =
| bg = W
| stack = yes
| round = Round 13
}}
{{Single-innings cricket match collapsible
| date = {{anchor|match14}} 22 May
| time = 19:30
| daynight = yes
| team1 = Sunrisers Hyderabad{{sp}}(H)
| team2 = [[Punjab Kings]]
| score1 = 157/8 (20 overs)
| score2 = 160/5 (15.1 overs)
| runs1 = [[Abhishek Sharma (cricketer, born 2000)|Abhishek Sharma]] 43 (32)
| wickets1 = [[Harpreet Brar]] 3/26 (4 overs)
| runs2 = [[Liam Livingstone]] 49[[not out|*]] (22)
| wickets2 = [[Fazalhaq Farooqi]] 2/32 (4 overs)
| venue = [[Wankhede Stadium]], [[Mumbai]]
| toss = Sunrisers Hyderabad won the toss and elected to bat.
| motm =
| umpires = [[Anil Chaudhary (umpire)|Anil Chaudhary]] (Ind) and [[Nikhil Patwardhan]] (Ind)
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1304116.html Scorecard]
| result = Punjab Kings won by 5 wickets
| notes =
| bg = L
| stack = yes
| round = Round 14
}}

==Statistics==
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size:85%;"
|-style="text-align:center;"
! No.
! Name
! {{Tooltip | Mat | Matches}}
! Runs
! {{Tooltip | HS | High Score}}
! {{Tooltip | Ave | Batting Average}}
! {{Tooltip | SR | Strike rate}}
! {{Tooltip | 100 | Hundreds}}
! {{Tooltip | 50 | Fifties}}
! {{Tooltip | Wkts | Wickets}}
! {{Tooltip | BBI | Best Bowling in an Innings}}
! {{Tooltip | Ave | Bowling Average}}
! {{Tooltip | Eco | Bowling Economy}}
! {{Tooltip | 4wi | Four wickets in an Innings}}
! {{Tooltip | 5wi | Five wickets in an Innings}}
! {{Tooltip | Ct | Catches}}
! {{Tooltip | St | Stumpings}}
|-style="text-align:center;"
|{{sort|01|1}} || {{sortname|Abdul|Samad|Abdul Samad (Indian cricketer)}} || {{sort|02|2}} || {{sort|004|4}} || {{sort|0040|4}} || {{sort|00200|2.00}} || {{sort|05714|57.14}} || {{sort|00|0}} || {{sort|00|0}} || {{sort|00|0}} || {{sort|-001|–}} || {{sort|99999|–}} || {{sort|0800|8.00}} || {{sort|00|0}} || {{sort|00|0}} || {{sort|01|1}} || {{sort|-01|–}}
|-style="text-align:center;"
|{{sort|04|4}} || {{sortname|Abhishek|Sharma|Abhishek Sharma (cricketer, born 2000)}} || {{sort|14|14}} || {{sort|426|426}} || {{sort|0750|75}} || {{sort|03042|30.42}} || {{sort|13312|133.12}} || {{sort|00|0}} || {{sort|02|2}}|| {{sort|00|0}} || {{sort|-001|–}} || {{sort|99999|–}} || {{sort|0950|9.50}} || {{sort|00|0}} || {{sort|00|0}} || {{sort|01|1}} || {{sort|-01|–}}
|-style="text-align:center;"
|{{sort|05|5}} || {{sortname|Washington|Sundar}} || {{sort|09|9}} || {{sort|101|101}} || {{sort|0400|40}} || {{sort|01442|14.42}} || {{sort|14637|146.37}} || {{sort|00|0}} || {{sort|00|0}} || {{sort|06|6}} || {{sort|279|2/21}} || {{sort|03983|39.83}} || {{sort|0853|8.53}} || {{sort|00|0}} || {{sort|00|0}} || {{sort|01|1}} || {{sort|-01|–}}
|-style="text-align:center;"
|{{sort|09|9}} || {{sortname|Kartik|Tyagi}} || {{sort|02|2}} || {{sort|007|7}} || {{sort|0070|7}} || {{sort|00350|3.50}} || {{sort|11666|116.66}} || {{sort|00|0}} || {{sort|00|0}} || {{sort|01|1}} || {{sort|158|1/42}} || {{sort|07900|79.00}} || {{sort|0987|9.87}} || {{sort|00|0}} || {{sort|00|0}} || {{sort|00|0}} || {{sort|-01|–}}
|-style="text-align:center;"
|{{sort|11|11}} || {{sortname|Priyam|Garg}} || {{sort|02|2}} || {{sort|046|46}} || {{sort|0420|42}} || {{sort|02300|23.00}} || {{sort|13939|139.39}} || {{sort|00|0}} || {{sort|00|0}} || {{sort|-01|–}} || {{sort|-001|–}} || {{sort|99999|–}} || {{sort|9999|–}} || {{sort|-01|–}} || {{sort|-01|–}} || {{sort|03|3}} || {{sort|-01|–}}
|-style="text-align:center;"
|{{sort|15|15}} || {{sortname|Bhuvneshwar|Kumar}} || {{sort|14|14}} || {{sort|024|24}} || {{sort|0080|8}} || {{sort|00800|8.00}} || {{sort|09230|92.30}} || {{sort|00|0}} || {{sort|00|0}} || {{sort|12|12}} || {{sort|378|3/22}} || {{sort|03191|31.91}} || {{sort|0734|7.34}} || {{sort|00|0}} || {{sort|00|0}} || {{sort|02|2}} || {{sort|-01|–}}
|-style="text-align:center;"
|{{sort|21|21}} || {{sortname|Shashank|Singh}} || {{sort|10|10}} || {{sort|069|69}} || {{sort|0251|25[[not out|*]]}} || {{sort|01725|17.25}} || {{sort|14680|146.80}} || {{sort|00|0}} || {{sort|00|0}} || {{sort|00|0}} || {{sort|-001|–}} || {{sort|99999|–}} || {{sort|1000|10.00}} || {{sort|00|0}} || {{sort|00|0}} || {{sort|03|3}} || {{sort|-01|–}}
|-style="text-align:center;"
|{{sort|22|22}} || {{sortname|Kane|Williamson}} || {{sort|13|13}} || {{sort|216|216}} || {{sort|0570|57}} || {{sort|01963|19.63}} || {{sort|09350|93.50}} || {{sort|00|0}} || {{sort|01|1}} || {{sort|-01|–}} || {{sort|-001|–}} || {{sort|99999|–}} || {{sort|9999|–}} || {{sort|-01|–}} || {{sort|-01|–}} || {{sort|10|10}} || {{sort|-01|–}}
|-style="text-align:center;"
|{{sort|24|24}} || {{sortname|Umran|Malik}} || {{sort|14|14}} || {{sort|004|4}} || {{sort|0031|3[[not out|*]]}} || {{sort|00400|4.00}} || {{sort|05000|50.00}} || {{sort|00|0}} || {{sort|00|0}} || {{sort|22|22}} || {{sort|575|5/25}} || {{sort|02018|20.18}} || {{sort|0903|9.03}} || {{sort|01|1}} || {{sort|01|1}} || {{sort|05|5}} || {{sort|-01|–}}
|-style="text-align:center;"
|{{sort|27|27}} || {{sortname|Jagadeesha|Suchith}} || {{sort|05|5}} || {{sort|002|2}} || {{sort|0020|2}} || {{sort|00100|1.00}} || {{sort|02500|25.00}} || {{sort|00|0}} || {{sort|00|0}} || {{sort|07|7}} || {{sort|288|2/12}} || {{sort|02000|20.00}} || {{sort|0777|7.77}} || {{sort|00|0}} || {{sort|00|0}} || {{sort|01|1}} || {{sort|-01|–}}
|-style="text-align:center;"
|{{sort|29|29}} || {{sortname|Nicholas|Pooran}} || {{sort|14|14}} || {{sort|306|306}} || {{sort|0641|64[[not out|*]]}} || {{sort|03825|38.25}} || {{sort|14433|144.33}} || {{sort|00|0}} || {{sort|02|2}}|| {{sort|-01|–}} || {{sort|-001|–}} || {{sort|99999|–}} || {{sort|9999|–}} || {{sort|-01|–}} || {{sort|-01|–}} || {{sort|08|8}} || {{sort|01|1}}
|-style="text-align:center;"
|{{sort|37|37}} || {{sortname|Shreyas|Gopal}} || {{sort|01|1}} || {{sort|009|9}} || {{sort|0091|9[[not out|*]]}} || {{sort|-00001|–}} || {{sort|12857|128.57}} || {{sort|00|0}} || {{sort|00|0}} || {{sort|01|1}} || {{sort|166|1/34}} || {{sort|03400|34.00}} || {{sort|1133|11.33}} || {{sort|00|0}} || {{sort|00|0}} || {{sort|00|0}} || {{sort|-01|–}}
|-style="text-align:center;"
|{{sort|44|44}} || {{sortname|T.|Natarajan}} || {{sort|11|11}} || {{sort|-001|–}} || {{sort|-0001|–}} || {{sort|-00001|–}} || {{sort|-00001|–}} || {{sort|-01|–}} || {{sort|-01|–}} || {{sort|18|18}} || {{sort|390|3/10}} || {{sort|02255|22.55}} || {{sort|0944|9.44}} || {{sort|00|0}} || {{sort|00|0}} || {{sort|01|1}} || {{sort|-01|–}}
|-style="text-align:center;"
|{{sort|48|48}} || {{sortname|Romario|Shepherd}} || {{sort|03|3}} || {{sort|058|58}} || {{sort|0261|26[[not out|*]]}} || {{sort|02900|29.00}} || {{sort|14146|141.46}} || {{sort|00|0}} || {{sort|00|0}} || {{sort|03|3}} || {{sort|258|2/42}} || {{sort|03266|32.66}} || {{sort|1088|10.88}} || {{sort|00|0}} || {{sort|00|0}} || {{sort|00|0}} || {{sort|-01|–}}
|-style="text-align:center;"
|{{sort|52|52}} || {{sortname|Rahul|Tripathi}} || {{sort|14|14}} || {{sort|413|413}} || {{sort|0760|76}} || {{sort|03754|37.54}} || {{sort|15823|158.23}} || {{sort|00|0}} || {{sort|03|3}}|| {{sort|-01|–}} || {{sort|-001|–}} || {{sort|99999|–}} || {{sort|9999|–}} || {{sort|-01|–}} || {{sort|-01|–}} || {{sort|06|6}} || {{sort|-01|–}}
|-style="text-align:center;"
|{{sort|70|70}} || {{sortname|Marco|Jansen}} || {{sort|08|8}} || {{sort|009|9}} || {{sort|0081|8[[not out|*]]}} || {{sort|00900|9.00}} || {{sort|12857|128.57}} || {{sort|00|0}} || {{sort|00|0}} || {{sort|07|7}} || {{sort|375|3/25}} || {{sort|03914|39.14}} || {{sort|0856|8.56}} || {{sort|00|0}} || {{sort|00|0}} || {{sort|03|3}} || {{sort|-01|–}}
|-style="text-align:center;"
|{{sort|77|77}} || {{sortname|Sean|Abbott}} || {{sort|01|1}} || {{sort|007|7}} || {{sort|0070|7}} || {{sort|00700|7.00}} || {{sort|14000|140.00}} || {{sort|00|0}} || {{sort|00|0}} || {{sort|01|1}} || {{sort|153|1/47}} || {{sort|04700|47.00}} || {{sort|1175|11.75}} || {{sort|00|0}} || {{sort|00|0}} || {{sort|01|1}} || {{sort|-01|–}}
|-style="text-align:center;"
|{{sort|83|83}} || {{sortname|Fazalhaq|Farooqi}} || {{sort|03|3}} || {{sort|002|2}} || {{sort|0021|2[[not out|*]]}} || {{sort|-00001|–}} || {{sort|02500|25.00}} || {{sort|00|0}} || {{sort|00|0}} || {{sort|02|2}} || {{sort|268|2/32}} || {{sort|05500|55.00}} || {{sort|0916|9.16}} || {{sort|00|0}} || {{sort|00|0}} || {{sort|00|0}} || {{sort|-01|–}}
|-style="text-align:center;"
|{{sort|94|94}} || {{sortname|Aiden|Markram}} || {{sort|14|14}} || {{sort|381|381}} || {{sort|0681|68[[not out|*]]}} || {{sort|04762|47.62}} || {{sort|13905|139.05}} || {{sort|00|0}} || {{sort|03|3}}|| {{sort|01|1}} || {{sort|192|1/8}} || {{sort|06400|64.00}} || {{sort|1066|10.66}} || {{sort|00|0}} || {{sort|00|0}} || {{sort|06|6}} || {{sort|-01|–}}
|}
{{Fb rs footer|u=28 May 2022|s=[https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/averages/batting_bowling_by_team.html?id=14452;team=5143;type=tournament ESPNcricinfo]|date=May 2022}}

==Awards and achievements==
===Awards===
;Man of the Match
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! No.
! Date
! Player
! Opponent
! Venue
! Result
! Contribution
! Ref.
|-
| [[#match3|1]] || {{dts|9 April 2022|format=dmy}} || [[Abhishek Sharma (cricketer, born 2000)|Abhishek Sharma]] || [[Chennai Super Kings]] || [[DY Patil Stadium|Navi Mumbai]] || Won by 8 wickets || 75 (50) || <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.iplt20.com/news/3755/tata-ipl-2022-match-17-csk-vs-srh-match-report|title=Match Report: M17 - CSK vs SRH|publisher=IPLT20|date=9 April 2022|access-date=16 April 2022}}</ref>
|-
| [[#match4|2]] || {{dts|11 April 2022|format=dmy}} || [[Kane Williamson]] || [[Gujarat Titans]] || Navi Mumbai || Won by 8 wickets || 57 (46) || <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.iplt20.com/news/3759/tata-ipl-2022-match-21-srh-vs-gt-match-report|title=Match Report: M21 - SRH vs GT|publisher=IPLT20|date=11 April 2022|access-date=16 April 2022}}</ref>
|-
| [[#match5|3]] || {{dts|15 April 2022|format=dmy}} || [[Rahul Tripathi]] || [[Kolkata Knight Riders]] || [[Brabourne Stadium|Mumbai]] || Won by 7 wickets || 71 (37) || <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.iplt20.com/news/3765/tata-ipl-2022-match-25-srh-vs-kkr-match-report|title=Match Report: M25 - SRH vs KKR|publisher=IPLT20|date=15 April 2022|access-date=16 April 2022}}</ref>
|-
| [[#match6|4]] || {{dts|17 April 2022|format=dmy}} || [[Umran Malik]] || [[Punjab Kings]] || Navi Mumbai || Won by 7 wickets || 4/28 (4 overs) & 2 ct || <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.iplt20.com/news/3771/tata-ipl-2022-match-28-pbks-vs-srh-match-report|title=Match Report: M28 - PBKS vs SRH|publisher=IPLT20|date=17 April 2022|access-date=17 April 2022}}</ref>
|-
| [[#match7|5]] || {{dts|23 April 2022|format=dmy}} || [[Marco Jansen]] || [[Royal Challengers Bangalore]] || Mumbai || Won by 9 wickets || 3/25 (4 overs) || <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.iplt20.com/news/3783/tata-ipl-2022-match-36-rcb-vs-srh-match-report|title=Match Report: M36 - RCB vs SRH|publisher=IPLT20|date=23 April 2022|access-date=27 April 2022}}</ref>
|-
| [[#match8|6]] || {{dts|27 April 2022|format=dmy}} || Umran Malik || Gujarat Titans || Mumbai || Lost by 5 wickets || 5/25 (4 overs) || <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.iplt20.com/news/3788/tata-ipl-2022-match-40-gt-vs-srh-match-report|title=Match Report: M40 - GT vs SRH|publisher=IPLT20|date=27 April 2022|access-date=27 April 2022}}</ref>
|-
| [[#match13|7]] || {{dts|17 May 2022|format=dmy}} || Rahul Tripathi || [[Mumbai Indians]] || [[Wankhede Stadium|Mumbai]] || Won by 3 runs || 76 (44) || <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.iplt20.com/news/3827/tata-ipl-2022-match-65-mi-vs-srh-match-report|title=Match Report: M65 - MI vs SRH|publisher=IPLT20|date=17 May 2022|access-date=29 May 2022}}</ref>
|-
|}

===Achievements===
* Emerging player of the [[2022 Indian Premier League|2022 IPL]] : [[Umran Malik]]<ref>{{cite tweet|title=22 wickets in the season, and every ball bowled with speed and venom|number=1530991872562593793|accessdate=29 May 2022|user=SunRisers|date=29 May 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=|first=|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/ipl/ipl-2022-award-winners-orange-cap-purple-cap-fairplay-other-awards-7942890/|title=IPL 2022 Award Winners: Orange Cap, Purple Cap, Fairplay and other award winners|website=Indian Express|date=29 May 2022|access-date=29 May 2022|language=en}}</ref>
* Highest [[Strike rate#Batting strike rate|strike rate]] in an innings in the 2022 IPL : [[Shashank Singh]] (416.66)<ref name=iplt20higheststrikerateinnings>{{Cite web|last=|first=|url=https://www.iplt20.com/stats/2022|title=Highest Batting Strike Rate in an innings in IPL 2022|publisher=IPLT20|date=29 May 2022|access-date=29 May 2022|language=en}}</ref>

==Reaction==
The Sunrisers coach [[Tom Moody]] said the team lost their winning momentum due to the injuries to their key players, [[Washington Sundar]] and [[T. Natarajan]] while praising the uncapped Indian trio of [[Umran Malik]], [[Abhishek Sharma (cricketer, born 2000)|Abhishek Sharma]] and [[Rahul Tripathi]] for their outstanding season. Moody said, "Overall, we are excited with the squad we have got. However, we will make certain adjustments to be stronger in 2023."<ref>{{cite tweet|title=It wasn't the end result that we wanted, but there were a number of positives to take and build on for next season and beyond.|number=1529398197122084864|accessdate=29 May 2022|user=SunRisers|date=25 May 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=|first=|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cricket/injuries-to-natarajan-washington-sundar-threw-us-off-tom-moody-on-what-went-wrong-for-srh-in-ipl-2022-101653517400696.html|title='Injuries to Natarajan, Washington Sundar threw us off': Tom Moody on what went wrong for SRH in IPL 2022|website=Hindustan Times|date=26 May 2022|access-date=29 May 2022|language=en}}</ref>

On 2 September, Moody parted ways with the team with the current batting coach, [[Brian Lara]], taking over as the head-coach for the 2023 IPL season.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Gollapudi|first=Nagraj|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/ipl-2023-srh-brian-lara-takes-over-from-tom-moody-as-sunrisers-head-coach-1332164|title=Brian Lara takes over from Tom Moody as Sunrisers head coach|work=ESPNcricinfo|date=2 September 2022|access-date=17 September 2022|language=en}}</ref>

==Notes==
===Footnotes===
{{Notelist}}

===References===
{{Reflist|20em}}

==External links==
*[http://www.sunrisershyderabad.in Sunrisers Hyderabad official website]

{{2022 Indian Premier League}}
{{Sunrisers Hyderabad}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sunrisers Hyderabad in 2022}}
[[Category:2022 Indian Premier League]]
[[Category:Sunrisers Hyderabad seasons|2022]]

Prerna Deosthalee

2025-09-01T08:00:34Z

YukikoTousignant: new

{{Short description|Indian Navy officer}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2024}}
{{Infobox military person
| honorific_prefix = [[Commander]]
| name = Prerna Deosthalee
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| allegiance = {{flag|India}}
| branch = {{navy|India}}
| serviceyears = 2009–present
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| commands = {{ship|INS|Trinkat|T61}}
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[[Commander]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-08-13 |title=Kaun Banega Crorepati 17: Amitabh Bachchan welcomes Operation Sindoor heroes on Independence Day special. Watch |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/kaun-banega-crorepati-17-amitabh-bachchan-welcomes-operation-sindoor-heroes-col-sofiya-qureshi-wing-commander-vyomika-singh-and-commander-prerna-deosthalee-on-independence-day-special-watch-10186045/ |access-date=2025-08-13 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> '''Prerna Deosthalee''' is a serving officer in the [[Indian Navy]]. She is the first woman officer to command an Indian Naval Warship. She is also the first female observer of the Navy on the [[Tupolev Tu-142]] maritime reconnaissance aircraft.

==Early life and education==
Deosthalee was born in [[Mumbai]] and attended the [[Fort Convent School, Mumbai|Convent of Jesus and Mary, Mumbai]]. She later attended the [[St. Xavier's College, Mumbai]] where she obtained a post-graduate degree in psychology. Her brother is also an officer of the Indian Navy.<ref name="Zee">{{Cite web |title=Who Is Prerna Deosthalee? First Woman To Command Indian Navy Warship |url=https://zeenews.india.com/india/who-is-prerna-deosthalee-first-woman-to-command-indian-navy-warship-2694471.html |access-date=4 December 2023 |website=Zee News |language=en}}</ref>

==Naval career==
Deosthalee was commissioned into the Indian Navy in 2009. She initially served on the [[Boeing P-8 Poseidon|P-8I]] maritime patrol aircraft as a [[Air observer|naval air observer]]. She later became the first female Observer on the [[Tupolev Tu-142]].<ref name="Zee" /> She served as the First Lieutenant of the [[Kolkata-class destroyer]] {{ship|INS|Chennai|D65}}.<ref>{{cite web |title=Lt Cdr Prerna Deosthalee, First Lt #INSChennai, on being selected as Commanding Officer of Waterjet FAC |url=https://twitter.com/IN_WesternFleet/status/1730825093922570259 |website=X (formerly Twitter) |access-date=8 December 2023 |language=en}}</ref>

In December 2023, she became the first woman to be appointed [[commanding officer]] (CO) of an Indian Naval Warship. She was appointed as the CO of {{ship|INS|Trinkat|T61}}, the [[lead ship]] of [[Trinkat-class patrol vessel|her class]] of patrol vessels.<ref>{{cite web |title=Indian Navy: Lt Commander Prerna Deosthalee becomes first woman to command INS warship 'Trinkat' |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/newsmo/video/indian-navy-lt-commander-prerna-deosthalee-becomes-first-woman-to-command-ins-warship-trinkat-2472390-2023-12-05 |website=India Today |date=5 December 2023 |language=en}}</ref> This followed the Indian Navy's philosophy of 'all roles-all ranks' for female personnel.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Livemint |date=2 December 2023 |title=Lt Cdr Prerna, the first woman to command Indian Naval Warship {{!}} Who is she? |url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/commander-prerna-deosthalee-first-woman-officer-indian-navy-command-indian-naval-warship-11701524907754.html |access-date=4 December 2023 |website=mint |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=In a first, woman army doctor deployed in Siachen |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/in-a-first-woman-army-doctor-deployed-at-siachen-101701776656230.html |website=Hindustan Times |access-date=8 December 2023 |language=en |date=5 December 2023}}</ref> The [[Flag Officer Commanding Western Fleet]] [[Rear admiral (India)|Rear Admiral]] [[C. R. Praveen Nair]] handed over the appointment letter to her.<ref>{{cite web |title=Who Is Lt Cdr Prerna Deosthalee? First Indian Woman Navy Officer To Command A Ship |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/india/who-is-lieutenant-commander-prerna-deosthalee-first-indian-woman-navy-officer-to-command-a-ship-article-105682778 |website=TimesNow |access-date=8 December 2023 |language=en |date=2 December 2023}}</ref>

==Personal life==
Deosthalee is married to a naval officer. The couple has a daughter.<ref name="Zee"/>

==References==

{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Deosthalee, Perna}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian women in war]]
[[Category:Indian female military personnel]]
[[Category:Indian Navy officers]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]