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Karnataka Central Diocese of the Church of South India

2026-05-07T17:20:39Z

Yogiindia: Creating a entry v1

{{About|the present Karnataka Central Diocese|the earlier one in Karnataka|Church of South India Diocese of Mysore}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2026}}
{{Infobox diocese
| jurisdiction = Diocese
| name = Karnataka Central Diocese
| image =

| country = [[India]]
| province = [[Church of South India]]

| congregations = 120
| members =

| cathedral = [[St. Mark's Cathedral, Bangalore]]
| priests =

| bishop = [[Rt Rev Dr Vincent Vinod Kumar]]

| website = {{URL|https://csikarnatakacentraldiocese.org/}}
}}

The '''Karnataka Central Diocese''' is one of the twenty-two dioceses of the [[Church of South India]] covering the central part of [[Karnataka]]. The Church of South India is a [[United Protestant]] denomination.

==History==
The year 1810 witnessed the arrival of the first ever Protestant missionary, the Rev. John Hands of London Missionary Society at Bellary, Karnataka State (erstwhile Mysore). During the later part of the 19th century also witnessed the arrival of other missionary societies such as the Wesleyan Methodist Missionary Society (1821) Basel Mission (1834), the society of propagation of the Gospel and the Church Missionary Society. Except for the Basel Mission, the other Missions became part of the South Indian United Church (SIUC) which came into existence in 1908. The South Indian United Church (SIUC) was formed and sustained by the efforts of the Rev. Vedam Santiago of Madurai{{Citation needed|reason=No visible citation; |date=September 2021}}. When he envisioned the formation of the Church of South India a number of hurdles had to be crossed including those of caste. The Anglican Bishop Azariah was approached by Rev. V Santiago{{Citation needed|reason=No visible citation; |date=September 2021}} and persuaded to be a leading force in the bringing together of the varied churches in South India. Thus it was that Rev. V Santiago{{Citation needed|reason=No visible citation; |date=September 2021}} along with other SIUC leaders brought about the Church of South India under the later leadership of Bishop Azariah. When the Church of South India was formally inaugurated in 1947, Mysore Diocese was one of fourteen dioceses. Acceding to a proposal made by the Synod in 1964 to create smaller dioceses to provide better administration, the Diocese in 1969 approved the scheme for dividing the Diocese into three units. As a result of this division, the Central Karnataka diocese came into existence on 1 May 1970, on trifurcation of the then Mysore diocese.

Under the leadership of Bishop Norman C Sargant, the Mysore Diocese was trifurcated and the Mysore Central Diocese came into being in the year 1970. When Mysore was renamed as Karnataka then the Diocese also changed its name from Mysore Central Diocese to Karnataka Central Diocese.

==About==
The diocese has around 120 pastorates covering three major divisions viz [[Bangalore]], [[Kolar Gold Fields]] and [[Tumkur]].

==Bishops==
;Mysore Diocese
* [[Premaka Gurushantha]] (1947-1951)
* [[Norman C. Sargant]] (1951-1971)
;Central Karnataka Diocese
* [[Ken Gill (bishop)|Ken Gill]] (1972-1980)
* [[C. D. Jathanna]]
* [[S. Vasantha Kumar]] (1996-2012)
* [[Prasana Kumar Samuel]] (2015–2023)

==Notable churches==
* [http://csichristchurchhosur.org/ CSI Christ Church, Hosur, Tamil Nadu] - CSI Christ Church, Hosur is a Church in the Karnataka Central Diocese under the Church of South India (CSI). The Church is placed in the center of the city of Hosur and is a grand building with the steeple reaching the skies as if looking up to God in prayer for the city of Hosur and the whole world. The entire Church Campus is filled with prayer and it is a ‘House of Prayer’ to all peoples. The Church is kept open from 6 am to 8 pm to enable people seeking comfort and silence could come and surrender them to God in a place so filled with prayer. To help the people seeking comfort and quietness to come and surrender to God in a place filled with prayer. The Congregation of the Church is a vibrant community of believers from all over India and there are some from abroad also. The Church Community is also a community in mission. Being the renowned church of the Karnataka Central Diocese, the Church supports other congregations; especially participating in the life of rural congregations and ministries, and in the Diocesan institutions. The Church, therefore, stands tall as a major landmark in Church union and ecumenism.
* ''St. Luke's Church, Bangalore'' The British defeated Tipu Sultan in the Fourth Mysore war in 1799, they took over the Bangalore Fort and built a small chapel called Drummers chapel in 1803. This was the first church to be built in Bangalore. In 1812 this was shifted outside the fort area and was called the Fort church, which was used as a place of worship for English soldiers. Over a century this church ministered to the families living in the suburb area A need was felt by the Mysore government to construct Vani Vilas Hospital and it was found that this church in the fort area was in the way. The government allotted the present site for the new church. The foundation stone was laid by Sir Mirza Ismail the then Dewan of Mysore. It was completed and dedicated in the name of St. Luke by the Lord Bishop of Madras Rt. Rev. [[Edward Waller (bishop)|E H M Waller]] on 9 March 1935.
* [[St. Mark's Cathedral, Bangalore]]
{{main|St. Mark's Cathedral, Bangalore}}
[[St. Mark's Cathedral, Bangalore|St. Mark's Cathedral]] was founded in 1808 and was completed in 1812.<ref>{{cite news|title=St. Mark's Cathedral gearing up for bicentennial bash|url=http://www.hindu.com/2007/09/21/stories/2007092151220200.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071012042117/http://hindu.com/2007/09/21/stories/2007092151220200.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=2007-10-12|accessdate=27 December 2014|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|date=2007-09-21}}</ref> The Bishop of Calcutta consecrated this Cathedral in 1816. This Cathedral is a beautiful colonial structure having a graceful dome over a semicircular chancel. Roman archers along the walls are one of the most beautiful features of the cathedral. This cathedral was modeled along the lines of the 17th-century St Pauls Cathedral. The entrance has elaborate woodwork and ornate carvings coupled with majestically done ceilings and domes. The monument was enlarged in 1901 and rebuilt in 1927. The new structure is known for its stained glass work. The church is named after St.Mark, the author of St. Mark's gospel.
* [[Holy Trinity Church, Bangalore]]
Holy Trinity Church, located at Trinity circle at the east end of the MG Road, is a major landmark in Bangalore. It was built in 1851, for the British Regiment stationed in Bangalore. Built in the English Renaissance style, the church is regarded as the largest "military" church in southern India.
* Hudson Memorial Church, Corporation Circle, Bangalore
Hudson Memorial Church is one of the major landmarks of the city. It lies in the middle of Hudson circle near Bangalore City Corporation. The church was built in 1904, in memory of Rev Josiah Hudson. This impressive structure with a tower and several stained glass windows is an example for the neo-gothic style of architecture.<ref>{{cite news|title=Hudson Memorial Church is now 109 |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/bangalore/hudson-memorial-church-is-now-109/article5157317.ece|accessdate=27 December 2014|newspaper=The Hindu|date=2007-09-23}}</ref>
* [[St. Andrew's Church, Bangalore|St.Andrew's Church, Cubbon Road, Bangalore]]
{{main|St. Andrew's Church, Bangalore}}
The foundation stone for this magnificent church structure was laid on 22 November 1864 by Lady Grant, wife of Lieutenant-General, Sir Hope Grant, the then Quartermaster-General of Her Majesty's Forces and the building was completed and opened for Divine worship on 18 November 1866.It started as a Scottish "kirk", and the edifice was completed to be opened for worship in 1866. The early congregation was almost entirely men and officers of the Scottish regiments from Britain stationed here and a few civilians of Scottish origin, all followers of the Presbyterian sect.<ref>{{cite news|title=Work on restoring this historical 'edifice of faith' launched|url=http://www.hindu.com/2006/06/03/stories/2006060303770200.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071206075249/http://www.hindu.com/2006/06/03/stories/2006060303770200.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=2007-12-06|accessdate=27 December 2014|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|date=2007-06-03}}</ref>
* [[St. Paul's Church, Bangalore|St. Paul's Church, OPH Road, Bangalore]]
{{main|St. Paul's Church, Bangalore}}
St. Paul's Church is located in the corner of Old Poor House Road, and Bowring Hospital Road, next to the [[Bowring & Lady Curzon Hospitals|Bowring and Lady Curzon Hospital]], [[Bangalore Cantonment]]. St. Paul's has the distinction of being the very first [[Tamil Language|Tamil]] Anglican Church in the erstwhile [[Kingdom of Mysore|Mysore State]]. It celebrated its 175th anniversary in May 2014.<ref name=Hindu-175>{{cite news|title=St. Paul's church to celebrate 175 years|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/bangalore/st-pauls-church-to-celebrate-175-years/article5963719.ece|accessdate=4 February 2015|issue=Bangalore|work=The Hindu|date=1 May 2014}}</ref>
* [[St. John's Church, Bangalore|St. John's Church, Cleveland Town]]
{{main|St. John's Church, Bangalore}}
St. John's Church is located in St. John's Hill, Cleveland Town, [[Bangalore Cantonment]], in between Promenade Road and St. John's Church Road. The church is the fourth oldest [[Protestant]] church in the city, with a distinct red edifice and towering steeple, rising out of the leafy surroundings.<ref name=Achanta-DH>{{cite news|last1=Achanta|first1=Pushpa|title=Testimony to a rich past|url=http://www.deccanherald.com/content/308227/archives.php|accessdate=27 January 2015|issue=Bangalore|publisher=Deccan Herald|date=29 January 2013}}</ref>
* [[Rice Memorial Church|Rice Memorial Church, Avenue Road]]
{{main|Rice Memorial Church}}
The Rice Memorial Church is located in the busy [[Avenue Road, Bangalore|Avenue Road]], [[Bengaluru Pete|Bangalore Pete]]. It is named after Rev. Benjamin Holt Rice, a missionary of the [[London Missionary Society]] (LMS), a [[Kannada|Canarese]] scholar and a pioneer of education in the [[Bengaluru Pete|Bangalore Pete]] region. The Rice Memorial Church stands on a busy street in the midst of temple, dragahs,{{which lang|date=February 2020}} book shops and heavy traffic, with its colonial British structure appearing to be out of place in the traditional Bangalore market district. The church stands on the site of the Canarese Chapel built by Rev. Rice.<ref name=Aliyeh>{{cite web|last1=Rizvi|first1=Aliyeh|title=A Walk Down Avenue Road|url=https://aturquoisecloud.wordpress.com/2011/02/27/a-temple-a-church-and-a-shrine-on-avenue-road/|website=A Turquoise Cloud|accessdate=22 October 2015|date=27 February 2011}}</ref><ref name=Kumar-TOI>{{cite news|last1=Kumar|first1=G S|title=A Parichay with Avenue Rd's heritage|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bengaluru/A-Parichay-with-Avenue-Rds-heritage/articleshow/46205054.cms|accessdate=22 October 2015|issue=Bangalore|publisher=Times of India|date=12 February 2015}}</ref><ref name=BRice>{{cite web|title=Benjamin Rice|url=http://ricesinindia.info/?page_id=24|website=Rices In India: A family devoted to India for 100 years|accessdate=22 October 2015}}</ref><ref name=Gourley>{{cite web|last1=Gourley|first1=B|title=Daily Photo: Rice Memorial Church|url=http://berniegourley.com/2013/09/17/daily-photo-rice-memorial-church/|website=Stories & Movement: The Sum of a Life|date=17 September 2013|accessdate=22 October 2015}}</ref><ref name=ET>{{cite news|title=Earlier known as Doddapete, Avenue Road could be as old as Bengaluru|url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2015-03-26/news/60515894_1_avenue-road-ranganathaswamy-temple-old-city|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151012001439/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2015-03-26/news/60515894_1_avenue-road-ranganathaswamy-temple-old-city|url-status=dead|archive-date=12 October 2015|accessdate=22 October 2015|agency=ET Bureau|issue=Bangalore|publisher=The Economic Times|date=26 March 2015}}</ref>
* [[Hudson Memorial Church, Bangalore|Hudson Memorial Church]]
{{main|Hudson Memorial Church, Bangalore}}
The Hudson Memorial Church is located in the [[Bengaluru Pete|Bangalore Pete]], Hudson Circle, surrounded by the Office of the [[Bruhat Bengaluru Mahanagara Palike|Bangalore Corporation]], Ulsoor Gate Police Station, [[Cubbon Park]] and [[Sree Kanteerava Stadium|Kanteerava Stadium]]. The church was established in 1904, and is a Kannada [[Church of South India|CSI]] church. The church has around 4000 registered members and is named after Rev. Josiah Hudson, a missionary, [[Canarese]] scholar and educationist who started many Canarese schools in the Bangalore Petah region. The church was earlier known as the Wesleyan Mission Canarese Chapel, and was located in Ganikara Street, Nagarathpet [https://www.google.com.au/maps/place/Nagarathpete,+Bengaluru,+Karnataka,+India/data=!4m2!3m1!1s0x3bae160af6a0e519:0xd75641db08e6a18f?sa=X&ved=0CB4Q8gEwAGoVChMIqc3rtPaJyQIVQcCUCh08iw5c], and moved the current location at Hudson Circle and renamed as Hudson Memorial Church in 1904.<ref name=AboutHMC>{{cite web|title=About HMC|url=http://www.hudsonmemorialchurch.com/about-hmc.html|website=Hudson Memorial Church|accessdate=12 November 2015|date=2014}}</ref> The church attracts people of all faiths, who visit the church to seek blessing, especially in Thursdays and Sundays.<ref name=MyBangalore>{{cite news|title=Hudson Memorial Church celebrated its 106th anniversary on Sunday|url=http://www.mybangalore.com/article/0910/hudson-memorial-church-celebrated-its-106th-anniversary-on-sunday.html|accessdate=12 November 2015|publisher=My Bangalore|date=27 September 2010}}</ref>
* [[East Parade Church]]
{{main|East Parade Church}}
The East Parade Church is a located on [[MG Road, Bangalore|Bangalore]], in the [[Bangalore Cantonment]]. The church comes under the Karnataka Central Diocese of the [[Church of South India]]. Started in the early 19th century as the ''Wesleyan Mission Chapel'' by Wesleyan believers of the [[Madras Army]] with Tamil and English services, the Church now has services in [[Tamil language|Tamil]] and [[Malayalam]]. The name East Parade comes from its location on the East of the Parade Grounds of the [[Madras Engineer Group]] (MEG) regiment. The first Indian priest to be put in charge of East Parade Church was the Rev. Samuel David. The present church building was raised in 1865, on the site of the old Wesleyan Mission Chapel, with an inscription dated 6 October 1863 marking the laying of the foundation stone.<ref name=Soumya>{{cite web|last1=Prasad|first1=Soumya|title=12 Historical Churches In Bangalore That Are Perfect For Christmas Mass|url=http://www.polkacafe.com/12-historical-churches-in-bangalore-that-are-perfect-for-christmas-mass-642.html|website=Polka Cafe|accessdate=25 November 2015|date=24 December 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151125105548/http://www.polkacafe.com/12-historical-churches-in-bangalore-that-are-perfect-for-christmas-mass-642.html|archive-date=25 November 2015|url-status=usurped}}</ref><ref name=History>{{cite web|title=History: About the East Parade Church|url=http://www.csieastparade.com/about-us/history|website=East Parade Malayalam Church|accessdate=25 November 2015}}</ref><ref name=Findlay>{{cite book|last1=Findlay|first1=G G|last2=Holdsworth|first2=W W|title=The History of the Wesleyan Methodist Missionary Society: Volume 5|date=1921|publisher=The Epworth Press|location=London|pages=[https://archive.org/details/historyofwesley05finduoft/page/202 202]–203|url=https://archive.org/details/historyofwesley05finduoft|accessdate=25 November 2015}}</ref><ref name=Arthur>{{cite book|last1=Arthur|first1=William|title=A Mission To The Mysore With Scenes And Facts Illustrative Of India, Its People And Its Religion|date=1850|publisher=Partridge and Oakey|location=London|pages=[https://archive.org/details/missiontomysorw00arth/page/141 141]–145|url=https://archive.org/details/missiontomysorw00arth|accessdate=24 November 2015}}</ref>
* [[William Arthur Memorial Church, Gubbi]]
{{main|William Arthur Memorial Church, Gubbi}}
The William Arthur Memorial Church is located on the Bangalore-Honavar Road at [[Gubbi]] Town, about 80 km from [[Bangalore]]. The church is painted turquoise blue and built in the Gothic style, being completed in 1904.<ref name=Brinda>{{cite web|first1=Poorna|last1=Sharma|last2=Brinda|title=Back of the Blog – William Arthur Memorial Church in Gubbi|url=http://traveltwosome.com/blog/india-scrapbook-william-arthur-memorial/|website=Word Press|accessdate=14 December 2015|date=29 October 2012}}{{Dead link|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref name=Sharma>{{cite web|last1=Sharma|first1=Poornima|title=Back of the Blog - William Arthur Memorial Church in Gubbi|url=http://travelorvisitindia.blogspot.com.au/2012/10/back-of-blog-william-arthur-memorial.html|website=Travel To India|accessdate=14 December 2015|date=29 October 2012}}</ref> The church is named after [[William Arthur (minister)|William Arthur]], an Irish [[Wesleyan]] missionary and Canarese Scholar, who served in [[Gubbi]]. The present structure replacing the old Gobbee Chapel, built by [[Thomas Hodson]] and [[William Arthur (minister)|William Arthur]].<ref name=Taggart>{{cite book|last1=Taggart|first1=Norman W|title=William Arthur: first among Methodists|date=31 July 1993|publisher=Epworth Press|isbn=0716204894|page=13|edition=1st}}</ref>
* [[St. Michael's and All Angels' Church, Oorgaum]]
{{main|St. Michael's and All Angels' Church, Oorgaum}}
St. Michael's and All Angels' Church is located at Oorgaum, [[Kolar Gold Fields]], India. The church stands on Cooke Road, near the KGF Club, south of the Catholic Mother of Mines Church. The origin of the church goes back to 1899, and was for the exclusive use of the (white) officers of the John Taylor and Sons, London, which owned the gold mines at Kolar Gold Fields (KGF), [[Kingdom of Mysore|Mysore State]].<ref name=Srikumar>{{cite book|last1=Srikumar|first1=S|title=Kolar Gold Field: (Unfolding the Untold)|date=12 March 2014|publisher=Partridge Publishing|isbn=978-1482815078|pages=559–560|edition=International|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QrWEAwAAQBAJ&q=f+goodwill+tamil+bangalore&pg=PA40|accessdate=4 January 2015}}</ref><ref name=Bridget2>{{cite book|last1=White|first1=Bridget|title=Kolar Gold Fields - Down Memory Lane: Paeans to Lost Glory!|page=31|date=2010|publisher=Author House|location=Central Milton Keynes|isbn=978-1452051031|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2iFRgQXTbeAC&q=tamil+population+in+KGF|accessdate=4 January 2016}}</ref>

==Educational institutions==
;Colleges
*Bishop Cotton Women's Christian College
*Bishop Cotton Women's Christian Law College
*Bishop Cotton Academy of Professional Management
*United Mission Degree College
*Goodwill Women's Christian Degree College
;Schools
*Bishop Cotton Girls' School
*Bishop Cotton Boys' School
*Cathedral Composite Pre-University College & High School
*St.John's High School
*[[Goodwill's Girls School, Bangalore|Goodwills Girl's High School]], Near Coles Park, [[Fraser Town, Bangalore]]
*United Mission Composite Pre-University College & High School
*Bishop Sargant School & College, Tumkur
*Church of England Zenana Mission (CEZM) School ([[Urdu language|Urdu]] Medium)
*Methodist Mission High School
*Mitralaya Composite Pre-University College & High School

==See also==
*[[Karnataka Northern Diocese of the Church of South India|Karnataka Northern Diocese]]
*[[Karnataka Southern Diocese of the Church of South India|Karnataka Southern Diocese]]
*[[Church of South India]]
*[[Church of North India]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Dioceses in the Church of South India}}
{{Churches in India}}

==External links==
* [https://csikarnatakacentraldiocese.org/ Karnataka Central Diocese]

[[Category:Church of South India dioceses|Karnataka Central]]
[[Category:Christian organizations established in 1970]]
[[Category:1970 establishments in Mysore State]]
[[Category:Christianity in Karnataka]]
[[Category:Anglican bishops of Karnataka Central| ]]

Zindagi Aa Raha Hoon Main

2026-04-29T07:52:32Z

Yogiindia: adding the article basic info!

{{Short description|2015 Hindi song}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2020}}{{Use Indian English|date=July 2020}}
{{Infobox song
| name = Zindagi Aa Raha Hoon Main
| cover = Zindagi Aa Raha Hoon Main.jpg
| caption = Official poster
| type = Single
| artist = [[Atif Aslam]]
| language = [[Hindi language|Hindi]]
| released = 13 May 2015<ref name="auto4">{{Cite web|url=https://music.apple.com/us/album/zindagi-aa-raha-hoon-main/1189519672?i=1189519673|title=Zindagi Aa Raha Hoon Main by Atif Aslam & Amaal Mallik|via=music.apple.com}}</ref>
| studio = Paperdoll Entertainment Production
| genre = [[Indian pop]], Energetic
| length = 7:40 (video) 4:47 (audio)<ref name="auto4"/>
| label = [[T-Series (company)|T-Series]]
| composer = [[Amaal Mallik]]
| lyricist = [[Manoj Muntashir]]
| producer = [[Armaan Malik]], Abhijit Vaghani
| prev_title =
| prev_year =
| next_title = I'm Alive
| next_year = 2016
}}
'''"Zindagi Aa Raha Hoon Main"''' ({{Translation|Life, I'm coming}}) is a 2015 Hindi song. It is sung by the Pakistani singer [[Atif Aslam]], composed by [[Amaal Mallik]], and lyrics by [[Manoj Muntashir]]. The single was produced by [[Bhushan Kumar]], presented by [[Gulshan Kumar]],<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=2015|title=Tiger Shroff overwhelmed with response for Zindagi Aa Raha Hoon Main|url=http://bollywoodhelpline.com/news-gossips/filmy-buzz/Tiger-Shroff-Overwhelmed-With-Response-For-His-Music-Video-‘Zindagi-Aa-Raha-Hoon-Main’/25384|access-date=|website=Bollywood helpline}}{{Dead link|date=September 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot }}</ref> and is a production of Paperdoll Entertainment Production under [[T-Series (company)|T-Series]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Sadiq|first=Rida|date=9 May 2015|title=Atif Aslam's Latest Song 'Zindagi Aa Raha Hoon Main' Feat. Tiger Shroff|url=https://www.brandsynario.com/atif-aslams-latest-song-zindagi-aa-raha-hoon-main-feat-tiger-shroff/|access-date=5 July 2020|website=Brandsynario|language=en-US}}{{Dead link|date=December 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot }}</ref> This song's production was the first time that Aslam, Mallik, and Muntashir had worked together.

== Background ==
The inspiration for this song is attributed to [[Tiger Shroff]], who said that he received admiration from young fans and that it was the beginning of his new life after his debut film, ''[[Heropanti]]''. He said the song is about celebrating his new life with the young fans as they had accepted him graciously, and it was his way of giving back to them. He further said: "I took the idea to Ahmed sir, and he loved it. He started telling me, 'I will shoot it this way and that way.' After discussing it, we went to Bhushan Kumar, and he also loved the idea. This is how 'Zindagi Aa Raha Hoon Main’ was born.”<ref name=":0" /> [[Atif Aslam]] said something similar in an interview with 9XE.com.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Sadiq |first=Rida| date=14 May 2015|title=Atif Aslam & Tiger Shroff 'Zindagi Aa Raha Hu Main' – Exclusive Interview|url=https://www.brandsynario.com/atif-aslam-tiger-shroff-zindagi-aa-raha-hu-main-exclusive-interview/|access-date=6 July 2020|website=Brandsynario|language=en-US}}</ref>

According to Aslam, the single is different to the softer romantic songs he had done in the past, as it is more energetic. Atif Aslam approved of the way Kumar has marketed his songs over the years,<ref>{{Cite web| title=Atif Aslam to act in Bollywood movie releasing early next year|url=http://www.radioandmusic.com/entertainment/editorial/interviews/atif-aslam-act-bollywood-movie-releasing-early-next-year-150506|access-date=5 July 2020|website=www.radioandmusic.com|language=en}}</ref> and T-Series agreed to produce this song based on a one-time contract.

== Pre-release ==
Before filming the music video, Shroff was trained by dance experts in [[Thailand]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=Tiger Shroff trains with experts for 'Zindagi aa raha...' – Times of India ►|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/music/news/Tiger-Shroff-trains-with-experts-for-Zindagi-aa-raha-/articleshow/47353527.cms|access-date=5 July 2020|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref>

Atif Aslam stated that this song would not be preachy. "It's just about how you enjoy your life. Whatever you are doing, just enjoy yourself."<ref>{{Cite web | date=9 May 2015|title=Atif Aslam's single 'Zindagi Aa Raha Hoon Main' is out now|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1180954|access-date=5 July 2020|website=DAWN.COM| language=english}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1180114|title=I have 150 new songs, but won't release them: Atif Aslam |date=5 May 2015|website=DAWN.COM}}</ref>

== Release and reception ==
The song was released on 13 May 2015 by [[T-Series (company)|T-Series]] on [[YouTube]].

Shroff said:
{{Cquote
| quote = Bhushan Kumar's music label T-Series released and mounted it and promoted it like a film. It has amazing choreography by Ahmed Khan and my own dance teacher Paresh sir. I owe a lot to the fans who made my first film Heropanti superhit. I don't have a lot of fans till now, but I dedicate this song to all those who supported and liked Heropanti.<ref name="auto">{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=2020|title=ZARHM is dedicated to heropanti fans|url=http://www.bollywoodhelpline.com/news-gossips/filmy-buzz/-%E2%80%98Zindagi-Aa-Raha-Hoon-Main%E2%80%99-is-dedicated-to-all-who-supported-Heropanti--Tiger-Schroff/23480|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150404014626/http://bollywoodhelpline.com/news-gossips/filmy-buzz/-%E2%80%98Zindagi-Aa-Raha-Hoon-Main%E2%80%99-is-dedicated-to-all-who-supported-Heropanti--Tiger-Schroff/23480|archive-date=4 April 2015|access-date=|website=Bollywood helpline|url-status=dead}}</ref>
}}

In an entertainment site interview, Shroff said: “I'm feeling blessed that everyone has accepted me very warmly and graciously. They have been really kind. I am very happy since I never expected such an overwhelming response so early on.”<ref name=":0" /> [[India.com]] posted, "Visually or musically this composition has not impressed us much. While Atif looks his usual stiff self, Tiger doesn't go beyond his usual cool moves. This track looks like the extension of the song [[Raat Bhar]] from Heropanti as the glitter, the sparkle, and dance moves look the same with a slightly different theme infused."<ref>{{Cite web| date=9 May 2015|title=Zindagi Aa Raha Hoon Main video song:Tiger Shroff shows off his effortless dance in this Atif Aslam number!|url=https://www.india.com/viral/zindagi-aa-raha-hoon-main-video-songtiger-shroff-shows-off-his-effortless-dance-in-this-atif-aslam-number-378761/|access-date=5 July 2020|website=India News, Breaking News, Entertainment News {{!}} India.com| language=en}}</ref>

== Music video ==
{{Multiple image
| align =
| direction = vertical
| width = 180
| image1 = Atif Aslam at Badlapur.jpg
| alt1 =
| image2 = Tiger Shroff in 2019.jpg
| alt2 =
| footer = The song's music video features [[Atif Aslam]] and [[Tiger Shroff]], pictured top and bottom, respectively.
| total_width =
| caption1 =
| caption2 =
}}

The video was shot in [[Mumbai]]<ref name="auto"/> and directed by choreographer [[Ahmed Khan (choreographer)|Ahmed Khan]]. It features Aslam and Shroff. Set in a college, the video begins with all students hanging around quietly, jaded and bored. Shroff enters hiding his face. A security guard stops him but, recognizing him, lets him go. He tells them he is entering the college to teach the students a vital lesson: "Live life!" Everyone begins to notice him. He starts dancing and performs stunts. The students, affected by Shroff's energy, begin dancing with him. Shroff points to Aslam heading towards them from a distance, who embraces Shroff and dances for a short time. Aslam sings and is seen sitting with children laughing. He then leaves and says goodbye to Shroff, who then says "Life, I'm coming."<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=2020|title=Atif Aslam in Zindagi Aa Raha Hoon Main|url=https://tribune.com.pk/story/883674/[embed%20width=|access-date=|website=Tribune}}</ref>

==Credits ==
=== Audio ===
* Song – Zindagi Aa Raha Hoon Main
* Singer – [[Atif Aslam]]
* Music Composed by – [[Amaal Mallik]]
* Lyrics by – [[Manoj Muntashir]]

=== Video ===
* Starred by – [[Tiger Shroff]] and [[Atif Aslam]]
* Presented by – [[Gulshan Kumar]]
* Produced by – [[Bhushan Kumar]]
* Directed by – [[Ahmed Khan (choreographer)|Ahmed Khan]]

=== Additional ===
* Song Programmed by – Abhijit Vaghani & [[Armaan Malik]]
* Additional Programming – Amaal Mallik & Apeiruss.
* Editor – Nitin F.C.P
* DOP – Bashalal Syed
* Song Mixed & Mastered by – [[Eric Pillai]] @ Future Sound Of Bombay
* Production Companies – T-Series and Paperdoll Entertainment Production
* Music Label – [[T-Series (company)|T-Series]]

'''Note''': All credits adapted from YouTube.<ref name="auto3">{{Citation|title=Zindagi Aa Raha Hoon Main FULL VIDEO Song {{!}} Atif Aslam, Tiger Shroff {{!}} T-Series|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=82eM7QRtoRo|language=en|access-date=28 June 2020}}</ref><ref name="auto1">{{Citation|title='Zindagi Aa Raha Hoon Main' Full Song with LYRICS {{!}} Atif Aslam, Tiger Shroff {{!}} T-Series|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QoJsL5DQ0VI|language=en|access-date=28 June 2020}}</ref>

== Listings ==
{{Track listing
| headline = Video<ref name="auto3"/>
| title1 = Zindagi Aa Raha Hoon Main
| length1 = 7:39
}}
{{Track listing
| headline = Audio<ref name="auto2">{{Citation|title='Zindagi Aa Raha Hoon Main' Full Audio Song {{!}} Atif Aslam, Tiger Shroff {{!}} T-Series|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bjLC8lWsbjo|language=en|access-date=28 June 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://gaana.com/songinfo/zindagi-aa-raha-hoon-main-7|title=Gaana.com Listen To Songs Online: Listen to Free Music Online|website=gaana.com|access-date=4 January 2021|archive-date=20 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231220223724/https://gaana.com/songinfo/zindagi-aa-raha-hoon-main-7|url-status=dead}}</ref>
| title1 = Zindagi Aa Raha Hoon Main
| length1 = 4:47
}}

== Release history ==
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders"
! scope="col" |Country
! scope="col" |Date
! scope="col" |Type
! scope="col" |Format(s)
! scope="col" |Duration
! scope="col" |Label
! scope="col" |{{Abbr|Ref|Reference}}.
|-
! rowspan="3" | India
|8 May 2015
|Video
|rowspan="3"|Digital download
|7:39
| rowspan="3" |[[T-Series (company)|Super Cassettes Industries Private Limited]]
|<ref name="auto4"/><ref name="auto3"/>
|-
|13 May 2020
|Audio
| rowspan="2" | 4:47
|<ref name="auto4"/><ref name="auto2"/>
|-
|22 May 2020
|Lyrical
|<ref name="auto1"/>
|}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*{{IMDb title|id=11771560}}

[[Category:Atif Aslam songs]]
[[Category:2015 songs]]
[[Category:Songs in Hindi]]
[[Category:T-Series (company) singles]]
[[Category:Songs with music by Amaal Mallik]]
[[Category:Songs with lyrics by Manoj Muntashir]]

Pawan Sinha

2026-04-14T12:24:42Z

Yogiindia: created initial data basic info - done

{{Infobox scientist
|name = Pawan Sinha
|image =
|image_size =
|caption = Pawan Sinha
|field = [[Neuroscience]], [[Cognitive Science]], [[Artificial Intelligence]]
|work_institutions = [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology]]
|alma_mater = [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology]], [[Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi]], [[University of California, Berkeley]]

|prizes = [[Troland Research Awards]] in 2007, [[Presidential Early Career Award for Scientists and Engineers]] in 2012

}}

'''Pawan Sinha''' is a [[Cambridge, Massachusetts|Cambridge]]-based scientist who won the [[Presidential Early Career Award for Scientists and Engineers]] in 2012 .<ref>{{cite news|url=http://web.mit.edu/newsoffice/2012/pecase-winners-announced-0723.html|title=Five MIT researchers win presidential early career honors|publisher=[[MIT News]]|date=July 23, 2012|accessdate=January 28, 2013}}</ref> He is a Professor of Vision and Computational Neuroscience at Massachusetts Institute of Technology.<ref>''[https://bcs.mit.edu/directory/pawan-sinha Faculty webpage at MIT Brain and Cognitive Science Department]''</ref> His work spans experimental and computational approaches to studying human [[human eye|visual cognition]].

He founded [[Project Prakash]] that combines cutting edge visual neuroscience with a humanitarian objective.<ref>[http://www.projectprakash.org ''Project Prakash'']</ref> Project Prakash sets up eye-care camps in some of the most habitually underserved regions of India, and since 2003 gives free eye-health screenings to more than 700 functionally blind children. The children are treated without charge, even those unsuitable for Sinha's research. His work has been featured in leading media, most notably for answering [[Molyneux's problem]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/04/26/health/research/26blind.html|title=Study of Vision Tackles a Philosophy Riddle|work=[[New York Times]]|date=August 25, 2011|accessdate=January 28, 2013}}</ref> He is one of the few scientists interviewed on ''[[Charlie Rose (TV series)|Charlie Rose]]''.<ref>[http://www.charlierose.com/guest/view/6777 ''Pawan Sinha - Charlie Rose show'']</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://web.mit.edu/sinhalab Pawan Sinha's MIT Lab website]
*[http://www.apa.org/monitor/2012/12/neuroscientist-sinha.aspx Pawan Sinha's interview at the American Psychological Association]

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sinha, Pawan}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian neuroscientists]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Asia Game Changer Award winners]]
[[Category:MIT School of Science faculty]]
[[Category:Massachusetts Institute of Technology alumni]]
[[Category:University of California, Berkeley alumni]]
[[Category:IIT Delhi alumni]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Presidential Early Career Award for Scientists and Engineers]]

S. M. Annamalai

2026-04-11T23:37:46Z

Yogiindia: created initial details first draft - done

{{Infobox officeholder
| name = S. M. Annamalai
| image =
| image size =
| caption =
| birth_date = {{birth date|1921|7|1|df=y}}
| birth_place =
| death_date =
| death_place =
| office1 = Member of the Legislative Assembly. Tamil Nadu
| constituency1 = [[Polur Assembly constituency|Polur]]
| term_start1 = 1957
| term_end1 = 1962
| predecessor1 = Manickavelu Naicker
| successor1 = Kesava Reddiar
| office2 =
| constituency2 =
| term_start2 =
| term_end2 =
| successor2 =
| term_start3 =
| term_end3 =
| term_start4 =
| term_end4 =
| party = [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|DMK]]
| spouse =
| alma_mater =
| relations =
| children =
| profession = Farmer
| footnotes =
| date =
| year =
| website =
}}

'''S. M. Annamalai''' was an [[Indian politician]] and a former member of the [[Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly]]. He was from Kadambur village in [[Tiruvannamalai district]]. He studied at [[Tiruvannamalai]] Municipal High School and [[Vellore]] High School. A member of the [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]] party, he contested and won the [[1957 Madras State Legislative Assembly election|1957 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]] from the [[Polur Assembly constituency]], becoming a [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|Member of the Legislative Assembly]].<ref>Madras Legislature WHO IS WHO 1957. Madras-9: Legislature Department, Madras. 1957. p. 3.</ref>

==Electoral performance==
===1957===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1957 Madras Legislative Assembly election]]: Polur<ref>{{cite web| last = Election Commission of India| title=Statistical Report on General Election 1957 | url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1957/StatRep_Madras_1957.pdf| access-date=2015-07-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130127200447/https://eci.gov.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1957/StatRep_Madras_1957.pdf|archive-date=27 Jan 2013}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=S. M. Annamalai |party=Independent politician |votes=17,222 |percentage=42.96% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=T. B. Kesava Reddiar |party=Independent politician |votes=10,616 |percentage=26.48% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=V. Krishnakanthan |party=Indian National Congress |votes=7,613 |percentage=18.99% |change=-26.36 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Vediappa Mudaliar |party=Independent politician |votes=4,059 |percentage=10.13% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Purushothama Mudali |party=Independent politician |votes=578 |percentage=1.44% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=6,606 |percentage=16.48% |change= 7.18% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=40,088 |percentage=48.88% |change= -5.51% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 82,019 |change = }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Independent politician |loser=Commonweal Party |swing= -11.69% }}
{{Election box end}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Madras MLAs 1957–1962]]
[[Category:1921 births]]
[[Category:Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam politicians]]
[[Category:People from Tiruvannamalai district]]
[[Category:Living people]]

Pranav Prince

2026-04-06T15:13:03Z

Yogiindia: created basic entry v1

{{Short description|Indian basketball player}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2026}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2026}}
'''Pranav Prince''' (born 19 June 2003) is an Indian professional [[basketball]] player from Kerala.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2026-02-13 |title=Pranav Prince (India) - Basketball Stats, Height, Age {{!}} FIBA Basketball |url=https://www.fiba.basketball/en/players/270052-pranav-prince |access-date=2026-02-15 |website=www.fiba.basketball |language=en}}</ref> He plays for the [[India men's national basketball team]] as a forward.<ref name=":2">https://play.fiba3x3.com/embed/players/2a630bab-c8ea-4afc-b163-7e937174b6e8</ref> He plays for Tamil Nadu in the domestic tournaments.<ref name=":1">{{Cite news |last=Imbo |first=William |date=4 August 2025 |title=Pranav Prince, India’s basketball growth, and the road to the 2025 FIBA Asia Cup |url=https://www.olympics.com/en/news/pranav-prince-india-basketball-growth-road-to-2025-fiba-asia-cup |access-date=15 February 2026 |work=Olympics.com}}</ref>

== Early life and career ==
Prince is from Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala but resides in Tamil Nadu.<ref name=":1" />

He first represented the Indian youth team in 2019 playing three matches in the FIBA U16 Asian Championship SABA Qualifier.<ref name=":0" />

He made his senior India debut in the FIBA Asia Cup 2021 Qualifiers and played three matches in the FIBA Asia Cup in 2022. In 2023, he played the FIBA World Cup 2023 Asian Qualifiers. In 2023, he also played the FIBA Olympic Pre-Qualifying Tournament in Syria.

In 2025, he took part in the FIBA Asia Cup 2025 Qualifiers.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Monteiro |first=Leandra |title=FIBA Asia Cup 2025 Qualifiers: India Men’s Basketball Roster Announced |url=https://www.ekalavyas.com/p/fiba-asia-cup-2025-qualifiers-india-b69 |access-date=2026-02-14 |website=www.ekalavyas.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=India name preliminary squad for FIBA Asia Cup 2025 Qualifiers |url=https://khelnow.com/basketball/2024-02-fiba-asia-cup-2025-qualifiers-india-preliminary-squad |access-date=2026-02-14 |website=Khel Now |language=en-us}}</ref> In August 2025, he played the main event of the Asia Cup 2025 at Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2025-08-06 |title=Asia Cup Basketball: Jordan battle past India in overtime |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/more-sports/asia-cup-basketball-jordan-battle-past-india-in-overtime/articleshow/123134085.cms |access-date=2026-02-14 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> In the first match, India lost against higher ranked Jordan, where Prince scored 12 points.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sportstar |first=Team |date=2025-08-05 |title=FIBA Asia Cup 2025: Spirited India loses to Jordan after overtime in opening group encounter |url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/basketball/india-vs-jordan-fiba-asia-cup-2025-group-c-score-match-result-shot-stats-news/article69897387.ece |access-date=2026-02-14 |website=Sportstar |language=en}}</ref> Later, he also played for the Indian team in the FIBA Basketball World Cup 2027 Asian Qualifiers.

In club competitions in 2024, he represented Tamil Nadu club in the FIBA West Asia Super League - Final 8 and in 2025, he played the SABA Club Championship, also for Tamil Nadu club.<ref name=":0" />

In March 2025, he represented India in the FIBA 3x3 Asia Cup 2025, where India finished sixth. In September 2023, he represented India in the 19th Asian Games Hangzhou 2022 3x3 basketball.<ref name=":2" />

=== Domestic ===
He represents Tamil Nadu in the domestic tournaments and was part of the 3x3 winning Tamil Nadu team in 2024 and 2025. In January 2026, he led the Tamil Nadu team which won the 5th 3x3 Senior National Basketball Championship for Men & Women. Earlier in January 2025, he was also part of the Tamil Nadu team which won the 4th 3x3 Senior National Basketball Championship for Men & Women.<ref name=":2" />

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Prince, Pranav}}
[[Category:2003 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian men's basketball players]]
[[Category:Basketball players from Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian sportsmen]]
[[Category:Forwards (basketball)]]

1952 Hyderabad State Legislative Assembly election

2026-03-25T10:18:37Z

Yogiindia: Created The Post Initial Version

{{Short description|Election in Hyderabad, India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2017}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2017}}
{{Infobox election
| election_name = 1952 Hyderabad Legislative Assembly election
| country = India
| type = legislative
| vote_type = Popular 
| ongoing = no
| election_date = 27 March 1952
| next_year = [[1957 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1957 (United Andhra Pradesh)]]→ [[1957 Bombay State Legislative Assembly election|1957 (Bombay State)]]→ [[1957 Mysore Legislative Assembly election|1957 (Mysore state)]]
| seats_for_election = 175 seats in the [[Hyderabad Legislative Assembly]]
| majority_seats = 88
| registered = {{formatnum:12114635}}
| turnout = 42.94%
| image_size = 100px

| party1 = Indian National Congress
| image1 = {{CSS image crop|Image=Burgula Ramakrishna Rao, 1952.jpg|bSize=100|cWidth=80|cHeight=100|oLeft=10|oTop=03}}
| leader1 = [[Burgula Ramakrishna Rao]]
| leaders_seat1 =
| leader_since1 =
| seats1 = 93
| popular_vote1 = 41.86%
| seat_change1 = New

| party2 = People's Democratic Front (Hyderabad)
| image2 = {{CSS image crop|Image=Ravi_Narayan_Reddy.jpg|bSize=100|cWidth=80|cHeight=100|oLeft=10|oTop=03}}
| leader2 = [[Ravi Narayan Reddy]]
| leaders_seat2 =
| leader_since2 =
| seats2 = 42
| popular_vote2 = 20.76%
| seat_change2 = New


| title = [[Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh|CM]]
| before_party = Bharatiya Jana Sangh
| before_election = [[M. K. Vellodi]]
| after_party = Indian National Congress
| after_election = [[Burgula Ramakrishna Rao]]
}}
[[File:India Administrative Divisions 1951.svg|thumb|Indian administrative divisions, as of 1951]]

'''Elections to the [[Vidhan Sabha|Legislative Assembly]] of the [[India]]n state of [[Hyderabad State (1948–1956)|Hyderabad]]''' were held and Sri Burgula Rama Krishna Rao took oath as First Chief Minister of Hyderabad State on 6 March 1952. 564 candidates competed for the 175 seats in the Assembly. There were 33 two-member constituencies and 109 constituencies single-member constituencies.<ref name="HBDECI1951"/>

==Contestants==
===Indian National Congress===
The Congress Party won a clear majority of the seats in the assembly (93 seats out of 175), with 41.86% of the popular vote.<ref name="HBDECI1951"/> Prominent Congress MLAs from [[Hyderabad]] District included Dr. [[G. S. Melkote]] and [[Gopal Rao Ekbote]].<ref name="ap"/> [[Kashinath Rao Vaidya]], the Congress MLA from [[Begum Bazar]], was elected Speaker of the Assembly after the election.<ref>{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vz4dAAAAMAAJ | title=Scheduled Caste Elite: A Study of Scheduled Caste Elite in Andhra Pradesh | publisher=Hyderabad: Dept. of Sociology, Osmania University | author=Abbasayulu, Y. B. | year=1978 | pages=43}}</ref>

===People's Democratic Front===
The elections were held in the aftermath of the [[Telangana armed struggle]]. The communists had called off their guerrilla campaign in October 1951, just few months before the polls.<ref>{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=f0mh6W7ejL4C&pg=PA77 | title=Economic History of Hyderabad State: Warangal Suba, 1911-1950 | publisher=Gian Pub. House, Delhi | author=Ramakrishna Reddy, V. | year=1987 | pages=77}}</ref> The [[Communist Party of India]] was banned in the state at the time, but contested the election under the cover of the [[People's Democratic Front (Hyderabad)|People's Democratic Front]].<ref>{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zG4JuQMA-a8C&pg=PR71 | title=Shift in Indian Politics: 1983 Elections in Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka | publisher=Christian Institute for the Study of Religion and Society, Bangalore | author=Mathew, George | year=1984 | pages=71}}</ref> The PDF won all of the seats in [[Nalgonda district]].<ref name="ap"/>

===Socialist Party===
The socialists contested 97 seats.<ref name="HBDECI1951"/> However, the result was a set-back for the party with eleven seats won. The party had refused to cooperate with other parties against the Congress, which could have limited their success. Moreover, the party lacked strong leaders and was organizationally weak in the state.<ref name="k">{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=klA5AQAAIAAJ | title= Reports on the Indian General Elections, 1951-52 | publisher=Popular Book Depot, Bombay |author1=Kogekar, Sadanand Vasudeo |author2=Park, Richard Leonard | year=1956 | pages=178, 182}}</ref> The socialist leader Mahadev Singh lost the seat he contested (Secunderabad).<ref name="HBDECI1951"/><ref name="k"/>

===Scheduled Castes Federation===
The SCF contested the election in alliance with the PDF.<ref>{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LrJ-AAAAMAAJ | title=The Eastern Anthropologist | publisher=Ethnographic and Folk Culture Society | year=2005 | pages=179}}</ref>

===Muslim candidates===
At the time, [[Muslims]] represented 7.75% of the population in the state. Out of the main parties, the [[Indian National Congress]] had nominated 12 Muslim candidates (6.94% of their candidates), People's Democratic Front had six Muslim candidates (7.69%) whilst the Socialist Party nominated three Muslims (3.09%). Eleven Muslims were elected, below their percentage of the population. Eight of the elected Muslims came from the Indian National Congress, two from the People's Democratic Front (Mohamed Abdur Rahman from Malaket constituency and Syed Akhtar Hussain from [[Jangaon]]) and one had contested as an [[Independent (politician)|independent]] ([[Syed Hassan Abidi|Syed Hasan]], Hyderabad City constituency).<ref name="HBDECI1951"/><ref>{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=H7ZGAAAAMAAJ | title=Political Representation of Muslims in India: (1952 - 2004) | publisher=Manak Publishers, New Delhi | author=Ansari, Iqbal Ahmad | year=2006 | pages=154}}</ref><ref>''[https://books.google.com/books?id=-QgqAQAAMAAJ The Bulletin of the Henry Martyn Institute of Islamic Studies]'', Vol. 9–10. The Institute, 1986. p. 36</ref>

==Results==

===Summary===
<section begin=Results />{{election table|title=Summary of results of the 1952 Hyderabad Legislative Assembly election<ref name="HBDECI1951">{{cite web | url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1951/StatRep_51_HBD.pdf | title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1951 : To the Legislative Assembly of Hyderabad | publisher=Election Commission of India | access-date=2014-10-14 |url-status=dead |archive-date=6 October 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006024019/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1951/StatRep_51_HBD.pdf}}</ref> |sortable=yes}}
!colspan=8|[[File:India Hyderabad Legislative Assembly 1952.svg]]
|- style="background-color:#E9E9E9; text-align:center;"
! class="unsortable" |
! Political party !! Flag !! Seats Contested !! Won !! % of Seats !! Votes !! Vote %
|- style="background: #90EE90;"
| {{party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
| style="text-align:left;" |[[Indian National Congress]]
| [[File:Flag of Indian National Congress.png|70px]]
| 173 || 93 || 53.14 || 21,77,716 || 41.86
|-
| {{party color cell|Socialist Party}}
| style="text-align:left;" |[[Socialist Party (India, 1948)|Socialist Party]]
|
| 97 || 11 || 6.29 || 5,90,209 || 11.35
|-
| {{Full party name with color|People's Democratic Front (Hyderabad)}}
|
| 77 || 42 || 24.00 || 10,80,092 || 20.76
|-
|{{Full party name with color|Scheduled Castes Federation}}
| [[File:Flag of various Republican Parties of India.svg|70px]]
| 24 || 5 || 2.86 || 2,66,482 || 5.12
|-
| {{party color cell|Peasants and Workers Party of India}}
| style="text-align:left;" |[[Peasants and Workers Party of India]]
|
| 21 || 10 || 5.71 || 2,15,992 || 4.15
|-
| {{Party name with colour|Independent politician}}
|
| 136 || 14 || 8.00 || 7,58,318 || 14.58
|- class="unsortable" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"
! colspan = 3| Total seats
! 175 !! style="text-align:center;" |Voters !! 1,21,14,635 !! style="text-align:center;" |Turnout !! 52,02,214 (42.94%)
|}<section end=Results />

===Party wise results===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Colspan="2"|Party
! No. of candidates
! No. of elected
! No. of votes
! %
|-
| {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Jana Sangh}}
| 2
| 0
| 2,328
| 0.04%
|-
| {{Full party name with color|Akhil Bharatiya Hindu Mahasabha}}
| 3
| 0
| 3,176
| 0.06%
|-
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
| 173
| 93
| 2,177,716
| 41.86%
|-
| {{Full party name with color|Kisan Mazdoor Praja Party}}
| 1
| 0
| 4,047
| 0.08%
|-
| {{Full party name with color|Akhil Bharatiya Ram Rajya Parishad}}
| 7
| 0
| 12,489
| 0.24%
|-
| {{Full party name with color|Scheduled Caste Federation}}
| 24
| 5
| 266,482
| 5.12%
|-
| {{Full party name with color|Socialist Party (India, 1948)}}
| 97
| 11
| 590,209
| 11.35%
|-
| {{Full party name with color|All India Republican Party}}
| 6
| 0
| 20,826
| 0.40%
|-
| {{Full party name with color|Hyderabad State Depressed Classed Association}}
| 6
| 0
| 18,151
| 0.35%
|-
| {{Full party name with color|Hyderabad State Praja Party}}
| 6
| 0
| 19,452
| 0.37%
|-
| {{Full party name with color|Independent League}}
| 1
| 0
| 1,800
| 0.03%
|-
| {{Full party name with color|Peasants and Workers Party of India}}
| 21
| 10
| 215,992
| 4.15%
|-
| {{Full party name with color|Peoples Democratic Front (Hyderabad)}}
| 77
| 42
| 1,080,092
| 20.76%
|-
| {{Full party name with color|United Scheduled Castes Federation}}
| 4
| 0
| 31,136
| 0.60%
|-
| {{Full party name with color|Independent politician}}
| 136
| 14
| 758,318
| 14.58%
|-
! colspan="2|Total
! 564
! 175
! 5,202,214
! 100%
|}

===District wise results===
Source : [[Election Commission of India]]<ref name="ap">{{cite web | url=http://www.aplegislature.org/c/document_library/get_file?uuid=e7f895b2-fcc2-456e-9f89-4f674bde3a6f&groupId=11343 | title=Hyderabad Legislative Assembly | publisher=AP Legislature | work=ECI | accessdate=14 October 2014 | url-status=dead | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130804032941/http://www.aplegislature.org/c/document_library/get_file?uuid=e7f895b2-fcc2-456e-9f89-4f674bde3a6f&groupId=11343 | archivedate=4 August 2013 | df=dmy-all }}</ref>

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!style="text-align:center;font-size:75%"|S.No. !! District !!style="text-align:center;font-size:75%"|Constituencies !! [[Indian National Congress|INC]] !! [[People's Democratic Front (Hyderabad)|PDF]] !! [[Socialist Party (India, 1948)|SP]]
! [[Peasants and Workers Party of India|PWP]] !! [[Scheduled Castes Federation|SCF]] !! [[Independent (politician)|Ind.]]
|-
|1
| [[Hyderabad district, India|Hyderabad]] || 14 || 11 (79%) || 2 (14%) || || || || 1 (7%)
|-
|2
| [[Mahbubnagar district|Mehboobnagar]] || 11 || 8 (73%) || 1 (9%) || || || || 2 (18%)
|-
|3
| [[Raichur District|Raichur]] || 11 || 5 (45%) || || || || || 6 (55%)
|-
|4
| [[Kalaburagi district|Gulbarga]] || 14 || 13 (93%) || || || || || 1 (7%)
|-
|5
| [[Bidar District|Bidar]] || 11 || 11 (100%) || || || || ||
|-
|6
| [[Osmanabad District|Osmanabad]] || 7 || 4 (57%) || || || 3 (43%) || ||
|-
|7
| [[Beed district|Bhir]] || 8 || 4 (50%) || 3 (37%) || || 1 (13%) || ||
|-
|8
| [[Aurangabad district, Maharashtra|Aurangabad]] || 11 || 9 (50%) || 2 (37%) || || || ||
|-
|9
| [[Parbhani District|Parbhani]] || 9 || 1 (11%) || || || 6 (67%) || 2 (22%) ||
|-
|10
| [[Nanded District|Nanded]] || 9 || 8 (89%) || 1 (11%) || || || ||
|-
|11
| [[Adilabad district|Adilabad]] || 9 || 3 (33%) || 1 (11%) || 5 (56%) || || ||
|-
|12
| [[Nizamabad district|Nizamabad]] || 8 || 5 (63%) || || 3 (37%) || || ||
|-
|13
| [[Medak district|Medak]] || 10 || 7 (70%) || 2 (20%) || || || || 1 (10%)
|-
|14
| [[Karimnagar district|Karimnagar]] || 15 || 2 (13%) || 7 (47%) || 2 (13%) || || 2 (13%) || 2 (13%)
|-
|15
| [[Warangal district|Warangal]] || 14 || 2 (14%) || 9 (64%) || 1 (7%) || || 1 (7%) || 1 (7%)
|-
|16
| [[Nalgonda district|Nalgonda]] || 14 || || 14 (100%) || || || ||
|-
!colspan=2| Total !! 175 !! 93 !! 42 !! 11 !! 10 !! 5 !! 14
|-
|}

===List of members===
The following is the list of members in the assembly who were elected.<ref name="ap"/>
Election results from constituencies which would later become part of [[Andhra Pradesh (1956-2014)|Andhra Pradesh]], [[Mysore State]] and [[Bombay state]] are listed here.
===[[Hyderabad State (1948–1956)|Hyderabad State]]===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size: 100%"
|-
! District
! S.No.
! Assembly constituency
! Winner
! Name of Party

|-
!rowspan=14 | [[Hyderabad district, India|Hyderabad]]
|| 1 ||[[Musheerabad Assembly constituency|Musheerabad]]
||[[G. S. Melkote]] || INC
|-
|| 2 || Chaderghat
||Ekbote, Gopal Rao || INC
|-
|| 3 || Begum Bazar
||Vaidya, Kashinath Rao || INC
|-
|| 4 || Hyderabad City
|| Syed Hassan || Ind
|-
|| 5 || Shalibanda
|| Massoma Begum|| INC
|-
|| 6 || [[Karwan Assembly constituency|Karwan]]
||Narendra ||INC
|-
|| 7 || Somajiguda
||Mehdi Nawaz Jung ||INC
|-
|| 8 || [[Malakpet Assembly constituency|Malakpet]]
||Abdul Rahman ||PDF
|-
|| 9 || [[Secunderabad Assembly constituency|Secunderabad (Gen.)]]
||Raju, V.B ||INC
|-
|| 10 || Secunderabad (Res.)
||Mutyal Rao, J.B. ||INC
|-
| 11 || [[Ibrahimpatnam Assembly constituency|Ibrahimpatnam (Gen.)]]
||Papi Reddy, K. ||PDF
|-
| 12 || Ibrahimpatnam (Res.)
||Gautam, M.B. ||INC
|-
| 13 ||[[Medchal Assembly constituency|Medchal]]
|| Gopal Reddy, Varakantam ||INC
|-
| 14 ||[[Chevella Assembly constituency|Shahbad]]
|| [[Konda Venkata Ranga Reddy]] ||INC
|-
! rowspan="11" | [[Mahbubnagar district|Mahbubnagar]]
| 15 || [[Pargi Assembly constituency|Pargi]]
|| Shah Jehan Begum ||INC
|-
| 16 || [[Shadnagar Assembly constituency|Shadnagar]]
|Ramakrishna Rao, Burgula||INC
|-
| 17 || [[Mahbubnagar Assembly constituency|Mahbubnagar]]
||Hanumantha Rao, P. ||INC
|-
| 18 ||[[Kalwakurthy Assembly constituency|Kalwakurthy (Gen.)]]
||Narsing Rao, M. ||INC
|-
| 19
||Kalwakurthi (Res.)||Veeraswamy, K.R.
|INC
|-
| 20 || [[Nagarkurnool Assembly constituency|Nagarkurnool (Gen.)]]
|| Brahma Reddy, B
||Ind
|-
| 21 || Nagarkurnool (Res.)
|| Ramaswamy, D.||Ind
|-
| 22 || [[Kollapur Assembly constituency|Kollapur]]
|| Anantha Ramachandra Reddy
||PDF
|-
| 23 || [[Wanaparthy Assembly constituency|Wanaparthy]]
|| Suravaram Pratap Reddy
||INC
|-
| 24 || Makhtal-Atmakur (Gen.)
|| Shanta Bai||INC
|-
| 25|| Makhtal-Atmakur (Res.)
||Basappa, E.
||INC
|-

!rowspan=2 | [[Raichur district|Raichur]]
| 26 || Alampur-Gadwal (Gen.)
||Pulla Reddy, Paga ||INC
|-
| 27 || Alampur-Gadwal (Res.)
|| Naganna, K.
||INC
|-
!rowspan=3 |[[Gulbarga district|Gulbarga]]
| 45 || Tandur-serum{{efn|This constituency was split between two states where [[Serum, India|Serum]] ([[Sedam]]) was transferred to [[Mysore state]], which is now renamed as [[Karnataka]]) and [[Tandur]] became a part of [[Andhra Pradesh (1956-2014)|Andhra Pradesh]] (Now [[Telangana]])}}
|| Praneshchari, J.K. ||INC
|-
| 46 || Kodangal (Gen.)
|| Anant Reddy
||INC
|-
| 47 || Kodangal (Res.)
||Veeraswamy, Banam ||INC
|-
! rowspan=2 | [[Bidar district|Bidar]]
| 57 || Zaheerabad
|| Yerolker, Gunderao Y. ||INC
|-
| 59 || Narayankhed
||Appa Rao, Ramshetti||INC
|-
!rowspan=9 | [[Adilabad district|Adilabad]]
|| 106 || [[Nirmal Assembly constituency|Nirmal (Gen.)]]
|| Gopidi Ganga Reddy || Socialist
|-
|| 107 || Nirmal (Res.)
|| Ganga Ram Devara || Socialist
|-
|| 108 || Kinwat
|| Shrihari|| INC
|-
|| 109 || [[Adilabad Assembly constituency|Adilabad]]
||Daji Shankar Rao|| PDF
|-
|| 110 || [[Asifabad Assembly constituency|Asifabad (Res.)]]
|| Kasiram, Gangvi || INC
|-
|| 111 || Asifabad (Gen.)
|| Konda Laxman Bapuji ||INC
|-
|| 112 || [[Sirpur Assembly constituency|Sirpur]]
|| Buchaiah, M.||Socialist
|-
|| 113 || Luxettipet (Gen.)
||Viswanath Rao, Soore ||Socialist
|-
|| 114 || Luxettipet (Res.)
||Rajamallu, Kodati ||Socialist
|-
! rowspan="8" |[[Nizamabad district|Nizamabad]]
| 115 || [[Armur Assembly constituency|Armur]]
|| Rajaram, G||Socialist
|-
| 116 || [[Balkonda Assembly constituency|Balkonda]]
||Anantha Reddy, K. ||Socialist
|-
| 117 || Dichpalli
||Srinivas Rao, Kasuganti||Socialist
|-
| 118 || [[Nizamabad (Urban) (Assembly constituency)|Nizamabad]]
||Mohammed Dawar Hussain ||INC
|-
| 119 || [[Bodhan Assembly constituency|Bodhan]]
|| Sastri, S.L. ||INC
|-
| 120 || [[Banswada Assembly constituency|Banswada]]
| Laxmi Bai, Sangam||INC
|-
| 121 || [[Kamareddy Assembly constituency|Kamareddy]]
||Vithal Reddy, G. ||INC
|-
| 122 || Kamareddy
|| Rama Rao, V ||INC
|-
|-
! rowspan="10" |[[Medak district|Medak]]
| 123 || [[Vicarabad (SC) (Assembly constituency)|Vicarabad (Gen)]]
|| Dr. Chenna Reddy, Marri G||INC
|-
| 124 || [[Vicarabad (SC) (Assembly constituency)|Vicarabad (Res.)]]
||Ramaswamy, Arige||INC
|-
| 125 || [[Andole (SC) (Assembly constituency)|Andole (Gen)]]
|| Joshi, Venkat Rajeswar ||INC
|-
| 126 || [[Andole (SC) (Assembly constituency)|Andole (Res.)]]
|| Laxman Kumar ||INC
|-
| 127 || [[Narsapur Assembly constituency|Narsapur]]
|| Ram Reddy, J. ||INC
|-
| 128 || [[Medak Assembly constituency|Medak]]
| Venkateswar Rao||INC
|-
| 129 || Ramayampet
||Ganeriwal, Laxminivas ||INC
|-
| 130 || [[Gajwel Assembly constituency|Gajwel]]
|| Vasudevu, Pendem ||PDF
|-
| 131 || [[Siddipet Assembly constituency|Siddipet]]
| Guruva Reddy, A.||PDF
|-
| 132 || Rajgopalpet
||Narayan Reddy, K.V. ||Ind
|-
|-
!rowspan=15 |[[Karimnagar district|Karimnagar]]
|| 133 || [[Huzurabad Assembly constituency|Huzurabad]]
||Narayan Rao, Ponnamaneni ||INC
|-
| 134|| [[Huzurabad Assembly constituency|Huzurabad]]
|| Venkatesam, J||Socialist
|-
| 135 || Nustlapur
|| Singireedy Venkat Reddy || PDF
|-
| 136 || [[Karimnagar Assembly constituency|Karimnagar]]
||Venkat Ram Rao, Ch. || PDF
|-
| 137 || Elgandal
||Damodar Rao, Juvvadi ||PDF
|-
| 138 || [[Sircilla Assembly constituency|Sircilla (Gen)]]
||Rajamani Devi, J.M||SCF
|-
| 139 || [[Sircilla Assembly constituency|Sircilla (Res.)]]
|| Anand Rao, Joganapalli
||PDF
|-
| 140 || Metpalli
|| Bhomayya, Gangula
||Ind
|-
|141 || Jagtial (Gen.)
|| Malla Reddy, Baddam ||INC
|-
| 142 || Jagtial (Res.)
|| Rajaram, Butti
||INC
|-
| 143 || Sultanabad
||Raj Reddy, A. ||PDF
|-
| 144 || [[Peddapalle Assembly constituency|Peddapalle]]
|| Muttayya, L||PDF
|-
| 145 || Kunaram
||Kondal Reddy, Mudiganti||Ind
|-
| 146 || [[Parkal Assembly constituency|Parkal]]
|| Kesava Reddy, Katangur||INC
|-
|147 || [[Manthani Assembly constituency|Manthani]]
|| Sriramulu, Golukota ||Socialist
|-
|-
!rowspan=14 |Warangal
|| 148 || Warangal
|| Rajalingam, M.S. ||INC
|-
| 149|| Hasanparthi
|| Mirza Shukur Baig||INC
|-
| 150|| Hanamkonda
|| Raghava Rao, Pendyala || PDF
|-
| 151 || [[Waradhanapet (SC) Assembly constituency|Waradhanapet]]
||Raghava Rao, Pendyala || PDF
|-
| 152 || [[Mahabubabad (ST) (Assembly constituency)|Mahabubabad (Gen.)]]
||Srinivas Rao, Kankanti ||PDF
|-
| 153 || Mahabubabad (Res.)
||Chander Rao, B.M.||SCF
|-
| 154 || Pakhal
|| Gopal Rao, G.
||PDF
|-
| 155 || [[Mulug (ST) (Assembly constituency)|Mulug]]
|| Hanumanth Rao, G.
||PDF
|-
| 156 || [[Yellandu (ST) (Assembly constituency)|Yellandu (Gen.)]]
|| Narsimha Rao, K.L. ||PDF
|-
| 157 || Yellandu (Res.)
|| Vooke Nagaiah
||SOCIALIST
|-
| 158 || Vemsur
|| Ramakrishna Rao, Kandimalla ||Ind
|-
| 159 || [[Madhira Assembly constituency|Madhira]]
|| Venkaiah, Kondabolu||PDF
|-
| 160 ||[[Khammam Assembly constituency|Khammam (Gen.)]]
||Krishnayya, Buggaveeti||PDF
|-
| 161 || Khammam (Res.)
||Rentala Bala Guru Murthy||PDF
|-
|-
!rowspan=14 |Nalgonda
|| 162 || Ippaguda
|| Vithal Rao ||PDF
|-
| 163|| [[Jangaon Assembly constituency|Jangaon]]
|| Syed Akhtar Hussain||PDF
|-
| 164|| [[Alair Assembly constituency|Aler]]
|| Kamala Devi, Arutla || PDF
|-
| 165 || [[Bhongir Assembly constituency|Bhongir]]
||Narayana Reddy, Ravi || PDF
|-
| 166 || Ramannapet
|| Ramachandra Reddy, Kattakuri ||PDF
|-
| 167 || Chinnakondur
||Venakata Rama Rao, Kanchenrpalli||PDF
|-
| 168 || [[Nalgonda Assembly constituency|Nalgonda (Gen.)]]
|| Ram Reddy, Katta
||PDF
|-
| 169 || Nalgonda (Res.)
|| Laxmayya, P.
||PDF
|-
| 170 || [[Devarakonda (ST) Assembly constituency|Devarakonda]]
|| Anantha Rama Rao, K. ||PDF
|-
| 171 || Peddamungal
|| Venkat Rama Rao, Akkinapalli
||PDF
|-
| 172 || [[Huzurnagar Assembly constituency|Huzurnagar (Gen.)]]
|| Jai Soorya, N.M. ||PDF
|-
| 173 || Huzurnagar (Res.)
|| Narasimlu, Talamalla||PDF
|-
| 174 || [[Suryapet Assembly constituency|Suryapet (Gen.)]]
||Dharma Bhiksham, Bommagani||PDF
|-
| 175 || Suryapet (Res.)
||Uppala Malsur||PDF
|-
|-
|}

===[[Mysore State]]===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size: 100%"
|-
! District
! S.No.
! Assembly constituency
! Winner
! Name of Party
|-

!rowspan=9 | [[Raichur district|Raichur]]
| 28 || [[Raichur Assembly constituency|Raichur]]
||Shroff, L.K.||INC
|-
| 29 || [[Devadurga Assembly constituency|Devadurga]]
|| Karibasappa, Guru Basappa||Ind
|-
| 30 || [[Lingsugur Assembly constituency|Lingsugur]]
||Baswan Gowda ||INC
|-
| 31 || [[Manvi Assembly constituency|Manvi]]
||Panpan Gowda, Sakrappa ||Ind
|-
| 32 || [[Sindhanur Assembly constituency|Sindhanoor]]
|| Shiva Basan Gowda
||Ind
|-
|| 33 || [[Gangawati Assembly constituency|Gangavathi]]
|| Hiremath, K.R.||Ind
|-
| 34 || [[Koppal Assembly constituency|Koppal]]
||Mahadevamma Basawangowda ||Ind
|-
| 35 || [[Yelburga Assembly constituency|Yelbarga]]
||Ayyan Gowda, Ningangowda||INC
|-
| 36 || [[Kushtagi Assembly constituency|Kushtagi]]
|| Andanappa||Ind
|-
|-
! rowspan="12" |[[Gulbarga district|Gulbarga]]
|| 37 || [[Shorapur Assembly constituency|Shorapur]]
||[[Kolur Mallappa]] ||INC
|-
| 38|| Andole (Jewargi)
|| Sharan Gowda Siddaramayya||Ind
|-
| 39 || [[Afzalpur Assembly constituency|Afzalapur]]
|| A.R. Basappa || INC
|-
| 40 || [[Aland Assembly constituency|Aland]]
||[[Veerendra Patil]] || INC
|-
| 41 || [[Kamalapur, Karnataka Assembly constituency|Kamalapur]]
||Patil, Chandrasekhar ||INC
|-
| 42 || [[Gulbarga Assembly constituency|Gulbarga]]
||Mohammed Ali||INC
|-
| 43 || [[Chittapur Assembly constituency|Chitapur]]
|| Rudrappa, S.
||INC
|-
| 44 || [[Chincholi Assembly constituency|Chincholi]]
|| Ramachari, G.
||INC
|-
| 45 || Tandur-serum{{efn|This constituency was split between two states where [[Serum, India|Serum]] ([[Sedam]]) was transferred to [[Mysore state]], which is now renamed as [[Karnataka]]) and [[Tandur]] became a part of [[Andhra Pradesh (1956-2014)|Andhra Pradesh]] (Now [[Telangana]])}}
|| Praneshchari, J.K. ||INC
|-
| 48 || [[Yadgir Assembly constituency|Yadgir]] (Gen.)
|| [[Jagannath Rao Chandriki]]||INC
|-
| 49 || [[Yadgir Assembly constituency|Yadgir]] (Res.)
||Ambadas||INC
|-
| 50 || [[Shahapur, Karnataka Assembly constituency|Shahpur]]
||Virupakshappa ||INC
|-
|-
! rowspan="5" | [[Bidar Assembly constituency|Bidar]]
| 53
| [[Hulsoor Assembly constituency|Halsur]]
||Bapu Rao Deshpande||INC
|-
| 54
| [[Bhalki Assembly constituency|Bhalki]]
|| Kamitakar, Muralidhar RaoSrinivasa Rao||INC
|-
| 55
|[[Humnabad Assembly constituency|Humnabad]] (Res.)
|| Shanker Deo|| INC
|-
| 56
|[[Humnabad Assembly constituency|Humnabad]] (Gen.)
|| Ekheliker, Srinivasa Rama Rao ||INC
|-
| 58 || [[Bidar Assembly constituency|Bidar]]
||Safiuddin||INC
|-
|}

===[[Bombay State]]===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size: 100%"
|-
! District
! S.No.
! Assembly constituency
! Winner
! Name of Party
|-
|-
! rowspan="4" | [[Bidar Assembly constituency|Bidar]]
| 51
| Ahmedpur
||Nivarthi Reddy, Namdeo Reddy||INC
|-
| 52
| Nilanga
||Waghmare, Sheshrao Madhavrao||INC
|-
| 60 || Udgir (Gen.)
|| Ghonsikar, Madhavrao Venkatrao||INC
|-
| 61 ||Udgir (Res.)
|| Kable, Tulsiram Dashrath||INC
|-
|-
! rowspan=7 |Osmanabad
| 62
| Parenda
|| Patil, Vishwas Rao Ganpat Rao
||PWP
|-
| 63
| Kallam
|| Kawade, AchutRao Yogiraj (kanherwadikar)||PWP
|-
| 64
| Latur
|| Koratkar, Vinayakrao Vidyalankar ||INC
|-
| 65
| Awsa
|| Chauhan, Devisingh Venkatsingh
||INC
|-
| 66
| Omerga
|| Gandhi, Poolchand
||INC
|-
| 67
| Osmanabad (Gen.)
|| Patil, UddhavRao (Dada) ||PWP
|-
| 68
|Osmanabad (Res.)
|| Kallyan Rao
|| INC
|-
! rowspan=8 |Bhir
| 69
| Georai
|| Rama Rao, Dayanoba
||PDF
|-
| 70
| Ashti
|| Patil, Rakhamaji Dhondiba||INC
|-
| 71
| Patoda
|| Kotecha, Ratnalal ||INC
|-
| 72
| Bhir
|| Sripat Rao
||PDF
|-
| 73
| Manjelgaon
|| Limbaji Muktaji
||PDF
|-
| 74
| Mominabad
|| Deshmukh, Vamanrao Ramarao ||PWP
|-
| 75
| Mominabad (Res.)
|| Dwaraka Prasad Chaudhari
|| INC
|-
| 76
|Kaij
|| Ramalingaswamy, Mahalingaswamy
|| INC
|-
|-
! rowspan="11" | Aurangabad
| 77 || Kannad
|| Nawadar, Ramgopal Ramakishan ||INC
|-
| 78 || Aurangabad
|Nawasekar, Shripad Rao Laxman Rao||INC
|-
| 79 || Phulmarri
|| Pahade, Manikchand Kawalchand ||INC
|-
| 80 ||Sillod
||Pathak, Naga Rao Viswanath Rao ||INC
|-
| 81
||Bhokardan (Gen.)|| Baburao Daddurao
|PDF
|-
| 82 || Bhokardan (Res.)
|| Kable, Dhondiraj Ganapath Rao
||INC
|-
| 83 || Jalna
||Syed Mohammed Moosavi||INC
|-
| 84 || Ambad
|| Gadhe, Bhagawanth Rao Gambhir Rao
||INC
|-
| 85 || Paithan-Gangapur (Gen.)
|| Bapuji Mansingh
||PDF
|-
| 86 || Paithan-Gangapur (Res.)
|| Gaikwad, Govindrao Keroji||INC
|-
| 87|| Vaijapur
|| Waghmare, Ashati
||INC
|-
! rowspan=9 |Parbhani
| 88
| Pathri
|| Rama Rao Balakishan Rao
||INC
|-
| 89
| Partur
|| Ankush Rao Venkatrao||PWP
|-
| 90
| Jintur
|| Bhujanga Rao Nagu Rao ||PWP
|-
| 91
| Hingloi (Gen.)
|| Naik, Shamrao
||PWP
|-
| 92
| Hingoli (Res.)
|| Nerlikar, Madhav Rao deoba
||SCF
|-
| 93
| Basmath (Gen.)
|| Boralker, Bhagwanrao Gopalarao ||PWP
|-
| 94
| Basmath (Res.)
|| Jadhav, Shamrao Bikaji
|| SCF
|-
| 95
| Parbhani
|| Gavani, Annajirao
|| PWP
|-
| 96
| Gangakhed
|| Deshmukh, Rangarao
|| PWP
|-
! rowspan=9 |Nanded
| 97
| Hadgaon
|| Waipankar, Madhav Rao
||PDF
|-
| 98
| Bhokar
|| Digambar Rao Bindu||INC
|-
| 99
| Mudhole
|| Gopal Shashtry Deo ||INC
|-
| 100
| Billoli
|| Narayanarao Narsing Rao
||INC
|-
| 101
| Deglur (Gen.)
|| Jayawant Dnyaneshwar More
||INC
|-
| 102
| Deglur (Res.)
|| Waghmare, Ganpat Rao Manikrao
||INC
|-
| 103
| Khandar (Gen)
|| Morey, Govind Rao Narsing Rao
|| INC
|-
| 104
| Kandhar
|| Sawai Madhava Rao
||INC
|-
| 105
| Nanded
|| Ganjava, Bhagwan Rao
|| INC
|-
|-
|}

== State Reorganization and Merger==
On 1 November 1956, under [[States Reorganisation Act, 1956]], [[Hyderabad State]] was merged into [[Andhra State]] to form a single state [[United Andhra Pradesh]]. The districts of Raichur, Bidar and Gulbarga were transferred to [[Mysore State]], while Marathwada district was transferred to [[Bombay State]].<ref name="1955ReorgStates">{{cite web | url=http://www.epw.in/system/files/pdf/1955_7/42/reorganisation_of_statesthe_approach_and_arrangements.pdf | title=Reorganisation of States, 1955 | publisher=The Economic Weekly | date=15 October 1955 | accessdate=25 July 2015}}</ref>

== Notes ==
{{notelist|refs=|33em}}

==See also==
{{Portal|India}}
* [[1951–52 elections in India]]
* [[1955 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]
* [[1957 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Hyderabad State]]
[[Category:State Assembly elections in Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:1950s in Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:1952 State Assembly elections in India|Hyderabad]]
[[Category:March 1952 in Asia]]

Fateh Bahadur Sahi

2026-03-22T14:33:28Z

Yogiindia: fixed structure after review

{{Short description|Raja of Husseypur in India}}
[[File:Maharaja Fateh Bahadur Sahi.jpg|thumb|Maharaja Fateh Bahadur Shahi]]
{{EngvarB|date=September 2017}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2017}}
'''Maharaja Fateh Bahadur Shahi''' was 99th Raja of [[Hathwa Raj]] situated in today's [[Gopalganj district, India|Gopalganj district]] of [[Bihar]] in [[India]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2017-05-03 |title=HATHWA |url=http://members.iinet.net.au/~royalty/ips/h/hathwa.html |access-date=2024-03-06 |archive-date=3 May 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170503223147/http://members.iinet.net.au/~royalty/ips/h/hathwa.html |url-status=bot: unknown }}</ref> He relentlessly pursued his objective of driving them out for nearly three decades while waging a [[Guerrilla warfare|guerrilla war]] against the British. The British used all of their might and resources to oppose him.<ref name="Vignettes from an age of war" />
He belonged to the [[Baghochia|Baghochia clan]] of [[Bhumihar Brahmin|Bhumihar]]s<ref name="YangYang1998">{{cite book|author1=Anand A. Yang|author2=Professor and Chair and Professor Golub Professor of International Studies Anand A Yang|title=Bazaar India: Markets, Society, and the Colonial State in Bihar|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Xa8wDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA192|year=1998|publisher=University of California Press|isbn=978-0-520-21100-1|pages=192–193}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Lethbridge |first=Roper |url=http://archive.org/details/goldenbookofindi00lethuoft/page/257/mode/1up |title=The golden book of India, a genealogical and biographical dictionary of the ruling princes, chiefs, nobles, and other personages, titled or decorated, of the Indian empire |date=1893 |publisher=London Macmillan |others=Robarts - University of Toronto |pages=257}}</ref> which controlled the Huseypur Estate, from which descended the Tamkuhi Raj of the [[Kushinagar]] district of [[Uttar Pradesh]] and the Hathwa Raj of [[Gopalganj district, India|Gopalganj district]].<ref name="Vignettes from an age of war">{{Cite news |last1=Sinha |first1=J. N. |date=21 May 2011 |title=Vignettes from an age of war |newspaper=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/magazine/vignettes-from-an-age-of-war/article2037700.ece |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231116005242/https://www.thehindu.com/features/magazine/vignettes-from-an-age-of-war/article2037700.ece |access-date=16 November 2023 |archive-date=16 November 2023 |url-status=bot: unknown}}</ref>

In the latter part of the sixteenth century, the [[Bhumihar Brahmin|Bhumihar]] line's descendants settled in Kalyanpur Kuari pargana in the northwest While Some Hathwa chronicles confirm that by the early seventeenth century, the line had gained enough prominence for the eighty-seventh raja to be bestowed with the titles of "'''Shahi'''" and "'''Maharaja Bahadur'''" by the Mughal Emperor [[Jahangir]] (1605-1627). This was due to the family's increasing authority coupled with the king's growing wealth and power.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Yang |first=Anand A. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ck4jmD7H34UC&pg=PA59 |title=The Limited Raj Agrarian Relations in Colonial India, Saran District, 1793-1920 |publisher=University of California Press |year=1989 |isbn=9780520057111 |location=United States |pages=59}}</ref> After this the kings of his ancestry were acknowledged with those Honorific titles.

==Rebellion against the British==
{{See also|1781 revolt in Bihar}}
He collaborated with [[Mir Qasim]], who continued to provide military support to him in his battles against the [[Mughal Empire|Mughal]] Emperor from [[Munger|Monghyr]] to [[Buxar district|Buxar]] in Bihar; he opposed the Dewani powers that the British had gained over Bengal, Bihar, and Orissa as a result of the [[Treaty of Allahabad]] in 1765.<ref name=":0" />

Fateh Shahi Along with the rulers of Dileepnagar Estate and Rajas of [[Bettiah Raj|Bettiah]] waged a 20 year guerilla war against the British [[East India Company]] from 1767 onwards.<ref name="Maharatna2007">{{cite journal | title=Explaining Chait Singh's Revolt in Bihar (1781): The Role of the Refractory Bihar Zamindars| author= Paramita Maharatna | journal=Proceedings of the Indian History Congress |volume = 68| year=2007 | pages= 565–572|jstor = 44147866}}</ref><ref name=":0" /> The British reached a compromise with the Bettiah after which he continued on his own.<ref name=":0" /> He was swiftly deposed after this and fled into the forests with his followers where he waged a [[Guerrilla warfare|guerilla war]] against the Britishers. The rulers of Dileepnagar Estate helped Fateh Bahadur from backstage in guerilla war against the Britishers.<ref>{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zVmaEAAAQBAJ&dq=fateh+bahadur+sahi&pg=PT92 | isbn=979-8-88833-371-6 | title=Brahmins Who Refused to Beg: Brief History of Bhumihars, "Ayachak" Brahmins of East India) | date=12 November 2022 | publisher=Notion Press }}</ref><ref name="YangYang1989">{{cite book|author1=Anand A. Yang|author2=Professor and Chair and Professor Golub Professor of International Studies Anand A Yang|title=The Limited Raj: Agrarian Relations in Colonial India, Saran District, 1793-1920|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ck4jmD7H34UC&pg=PA67|date=1 January 1989|publisher=University of California Press|isbn=978-0-520-05711-1|pages=63–68}}</ref> In 1772, he marched into Huseypur and killed Govind Ram who was appointed as the revenue farmer for the East India Company. In spite of this the company continued to try and bring Fateh Shahi into their fold as he held much influence among the zamindars however he refused all such offers.

By 1775, the British had been experiencing many problems in the region,<ref name="YangYang1989" /> so the British then designated Mir Jamal as their superintendent of the Huseypur revenue.<ref name="Vignettes from an age of war" /> The East India Company promised his cousin Babu Basant Sahi the throne if he would capture or kill him.<ref name=":0" /> Basant Sahi had been placed as the ruler of Huseypur by the EIC but Fateh Shahi once again marched into Huseypur at night with a thousand [[cavalry]]men on May 3 in response to reports that the enemy was camped at Jadopur, close to Huseypur, and arrived at the enemy camp just before daybreak. After murdering his cousin Basant Sahi and Mir Jamal in the ensuing violent battle, he fled into woods.<ref name="Vignettes from an age of war" /> Even though two companies of [[sepoy]]s were stationed in the neighborhood to keep an eye on him, this nonetheless transpired. After Basant Sahi's head was severed, it was given to his widow. The Widow together with 13 of his aides, whose husbands also perished in the fight, committed [[Sati (practice)|sati]].<ref name="Vignettes from an age of war" />

His repeated incursions had crippled revenue collection in the area and exposed the weakness of British control in the locality.<ref name="YangYang1989" /> In 1777, after many successes, he marched on to the Company's barrack / military station, gained control of it and placed his own men in charge.<ref name="YangYang1989" /> In response, the British destroyed his fort and they noted that he had caused even more problems for them than the [[Peshwas]] in [[Maharashtra]].<ref name="Pandey2000">{{cite journal | title=Truth Fears No Test| author= Manager Pandey | journal=Indian Literature |volume = 44| year=2000 | issue= 1 (195) | pages= 12–23|jstor = 23342974}}</ref> Following the rebellion of [[Maharaja Chait Singh|Chait Singh]] of [[Benares state]] in 1781 he renewed his campaign against the Britishers or in other words the [[East India Company]].<ref name="Maharatna2007" />
[[Maharaja Chait Singh|Raja Chait Singh]] of Banaras attempted to use the anti-British riots in [[Bihar]] during his insurrection in August 1781. He supported his relative Fateh Shahi in his mission to assassinate the British and their sepoys. The zamindars of [[Padrauna]] and Narrowneys, along with the raja of Bansgaon Estate (Dileepnagar Estate), the rajas of Huseypur and [[Majhauli Raj|Majhauli]], formed a formidable alliance. Fateh Shahi had covert support from a number of [[Saran district|Saran]] zamindars. They raised a force of 20,000 men at Munjoora in October, and they pillaged and took control of the Company's military outpost at [[Baragaon, Varanasi|Baragaon]], which had been set there to repress Fateh. Fearing for his life, [[Saran district|Saran]] Collector Grome turned to the anti-Fateh group inside the royal family, led by Dhujju Singh, a close friend and protector of Basant's younger son, for assistance. Together, they forced Fateh to flee into the jungle after engaging in a violent battle with him. His fort in Huseypur was destroyed. [[Warren Hastings]] at [[Banaras]] called for Dhujju as a reward, and he was adorned with a gold cloth [[Khelat (Battle honour)|khelat]]. But out of fear of a widespread uprising against them in the area, the British dared not punish a single one of Fateh's supporters.<ref name="Vignettes from an age of war" />

The rebellion led by him along with others were eventually defeated and the Britishers reasserted their rule in Bihar after his forces were defeated in the battle.<ref name="Saha78">{{cite journal | title=The Revolt of Raja Chait Singh and its repercussions in Oudh and Bihar | author= D.N Saha | journal=Proceedings of the Indian History Congress |volume = 39| year=1978 | pages= 740–744|jstor = 44139419}}</ref> He later established [[Tamkuhi Raj Assembly constituency|Tamkuhi Raj]] approximately 109 kilometers from Husseypur, northeast of modern-day [[Kushinagar district|Kushinagar]] within the Kingdom of [[Oudh State|Oudh]], seeing the growing influence and power of the [[East India Company]]. Maharaja Fateh Shahi changed his tactics and around 1789, he ceased his rebellious ways and handed the administration of the state to his sons .<ref name=":0" />

==Legacy==
Fateh Shahi's rebellion against the [[East India Company]] was the first of many rebellions against the Britishers in [[Bihar]] and [[India]] and the soon after that was followed by the [[Indian rebellion of 1857|1857 rebellion]]. The saga of his struggle and fight against [[East India Company]] is described in the poem ''Meer Jamal Vadh''.<ref name=Pandey2000 />

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:18th-century Indian monarchs]]
[[Category:People from Gopalganj district, India]]

NH10 (film)

2026-03-17T07:26:09Z

Yogiindia: fixed issues

{{short description|2015 film by Navdeep Singh}}
{{good article}}
{{EngvarB|date=April 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2020}}
{{Infobox film
| name = NH10
| image = NH10 Poster.jpg
| alt = Official release poster
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[Navdeep Singh (director)|Navdeep Singh]]
| producer = [[Vikramaditya Motwane]] [[Anurag Kashyap]] [[Vikas Bahl]] [[Anushka Sharma]] Sunil Lulla Karnesh Ssharma<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.mid-day.com/articles/theres-lots-in-a-name-karnesh-ssharma-is-making-sure-his-name-adds-up-to-a-success-number/22862210 |title=There's lots in a name! Karnesh Ssharma is making sure his name adds up to a success number - entertainment |date=27 June 2020 |access-date=24 September 2021 |archive-date=18 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201018013854/https://www.mid-day.com/articles/theres-lots-in-a-name-karnesh-ssharma-is-making-sure-his-name-adds-up-to-a-success-number/22862210 |url-status=live }}</ref>
| writer = [[Sudip Sharma]]
| starring = [[Anushka Sharma]] [[Neil Bhoopalam]] [[Darshan Kumar]] [[Deepti Naval]]
| music = Anirban Chakraborty [[Sanjeev–Darshan]] Ayush Shrestha Savera Mehta [[Samira Koppikar]]
| cinematography = Arvind Kannabiran
| editing = Jabeen Merchant
| studio = [[Phantom Films]] [[Clean Slate Filmz]]
| distributor = [[Eros International]]
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2015|03|13}}
| runtime = 115 minutes
| country = India
| language = Hindi Haryanvi
| budget = {{INRConvert|18|c}}<ref>{{cite web |title=Baby, Badlapur, DLKH, NH10, Phantom, Bajirao Mastani – Right budget and profit sharing key for Box Office success |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movies/features/type/view/id/8054 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |date=14 March 2015|url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150409044419/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movies/features/type/view/id/8054 |archive-date=9 April 2015 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=NH10 Opens Better Than Queen, Kahaani, Tanu Weds Manu; Equals Mardaani |url=http://www.koimoi.com/box-office/nh10-opens-better-than-queen-kahaani-tanu-weds-manu-equals-mardaani/ |publisher=koimoi |date=14 March 2015|url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150515103331/http://www.koimoi.com/box-office/nh10-opens-better-than-queen-kahaani-tanu-weds-manu-equals-mardaani/ |archive-date=15 May 2015 }}</ref>
| gross = {{Estimation}} {{INRConvert|49|c}}<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.koimoi.com/box-office-bollywood-films-of-2015/ |title=Box-Office Verdicts Of Major Bollywood Releases Of 2015 |publisher=Koimoi |access-date=16 May 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150511221307/http://www.koimoi.com/box-office-bollywood-films-of-2015/ |archive-date=11 May 2015 }}</ref>
}}
'''''NH10''''' is a 2015 [[India]]n [[Hindi]]-language [[horror thriller film]] directed by [[Navdeep Singh (director)|Navdeep Singh]] and written by Sudip Sharma. It stars [[Anushka Sharma]], [[Neil Bhoopalam]], [[Darshan Kumar]], and [[Deepti Naval]]. ''NH10'' was jointly produced by [[Clean Slate Filmz]], [[Phantom Films]], [[Eros International]] and marked the production debut of Sharma. It tells the story of a young couple whose road trip goes awry after an encounter with a group of violent criminals. The title refers to the [[National Highway 10 (India, old numbering)|National Highway 10]] that connects Delhi to the town of [[Fazilka]] and passes through [[Haryana]] (where honor killing was prevalent).

The film was conceived by Singh and written by Sudip Sharma, who were inspired by some real-life [[honour killing]] murder cases. The soundtrack album was composed by Sanjeev-Darshan, Bann Chakraborty, Abhiruchi Chand, Ayush Shrestha, Savera Mehta and Samira Koppikar. Arbind Kannabiran served as the film's cinematographer and Jabeen Merchant was its editor.

''NH10'' was originally scheduled for release on 6 March 2015, but was postponed because it had not been cleared by the Indian [[Central Board of Film Certification]]. It was released theatrically on 13 March 2015 to high critical acclaim. The film went on to become a [[sleeper hit]], earning over {{INRConvert|320|m}} nett at the box office.

== Plot ==
Meera and Arjun are a married couple and are working in corporate business [[Gurugram]]. One night, they are enjoying a party when Meera receives a [[telephone call]] from her office. She leaves for her office but is attacked by thugs who smash her car's window. Meera escapes but is shaken by the incident; Arjun buys Meera a gun. Arjun suggests a road trip for Meera's upcoming birthday; the couple start their journey the next day, while stopping at a roadside [[dhaba]] for lunch, a young woman called Pinky arrives and pleads for help; Pinky tells the couple she and her husband are about to be murdered. Meera and Arjun see a gang of men round up Pinky and a young man, beat them and drag them into their vehicle. Arjun intervenes but Satbir, the gang leader, slaps him and tells him Pinky is his own sister.

Arjun drives after the gang; he and Meera witness the ongoing [[honour killing]]: Pinky and the young man are beaten and Pinky is poisoned by Satbir. Arjun and Meera escape but the gang finds them. As the gang dig a grave for their victims, Satbir uses Meera and Arjun's gun to shoot Pinky and the man in front of them. A fight ensues and Arjun shoots a gang member named Chhote, and runs away with Meera.

At night, one of the gang members injures Arjun; Meera shoots the gangster dead. At a railway bridge, Meera leaves Arjun to get help. She finds a police station and asks the officer to help but he rejects her when she says she has witnessed an honour killing. Outside, she meets an Inspector in his [[SUV]] and they drive back to find Arjun. Meera then realises the Inspector is connected with the attackers; she kills the inspector and drives off in his car, chased by the gang.

Meera overturns the [[Sport utility vehicle|SUV]] and finds a hut. The hut's occupants hide Meera from a gang member who comes asking about her; they advise Meera seek help from the ''[[sarpanch]]'' (chief) of a nearby village. Meera tells the village's chief Ammaji her story; after telling her of the honour killing, Meera sees a pillow cover with the word Pinky stitched on it on Ammaji's lap and a [[photograph|picture]] of Pinky in the room.

Ammaji locks Meera in the room, calls the gang and hands Meera over to them. Satbir drags her out in front of Ammaji and beat her ruthlessly by slapping her repeatedly and also punches her hard in the stomach. However, Meera manages to escape with the gang's SUV by threatening to harm Satbir's son and rushes to the railway bridge where she finds Arjun has been murdered. Grief-stricken, Meera returns to the village to avenge Arjun's death; she drives the SUV at the gang members and kills them. Ammaji arrives, finds the dead men; she tells Meera that Pinky was her daughter who broke rules and needed to be punished, Meera tells Ammaji that Arjun was her husband and they killed him and needed to be punished. Meera leaves the village as dawn breaks.

== Cast ==
{{div col|colwidth=35em}}
* [[Anushka Sharma]] as Meera
* [[Neil Bhoopalam]] as Arjun
* [[Darshan Kumar]] as Satbir
* [[Deepti Naval]] as Ammaji
* Kanchan Sharma as Pinky
* [[Ravi Jhankal]] as Fauji
* Sushil Tyagi as Police Inspector
* Ravi Beniwal as Chhote
* Tanya Purohit as Manju
* Radhika Duggal as Mrs. Duggal
{{div col end}}

== Production ==
=== Development ===
Director [[Navdeep Singh (director)|Navdeep Singh]] made his directorial debut with ''[[Manorama Six Feet Under]]'' (2007). After that, he read several scripts for his next project and began work on the zombie comedy ''Rock the Shaadi'' and the spy thriller ''Basra'', but both films were shelved.<ref name=making>{{cite news |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/1150317/jsp/t2/story_9028.jsp#.VvlAfLKqqko |title=The making of NH10 |last=Upadhyay |first=Karishma |work=The Telegraph |date=17 March 2015 |access-date=19 May 2018|url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180520054039/https://www.telegraphindia.com/1150317/jsp/t2/story_9028.jsp#.VvlAfLKqqko |archive-date=20 May 2018 }}</ref> Singh said that he wanted to attempt genres that were rarely attempted in Indian cinema. He then chose to work on ''NH10'', a "trip gone wrong" film as it would be "fairly cheap" to make.<ref name=making /> He said the idea of the film was to "show the stark contrast between two Indias, something that has been creating a lot of economic and social problems".<ref name=vats>{{cite news |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/nh10-is-about-a-road-trip-gone-severely-wrong-navdeep-singh/story-4zDhTmGByL8WXEZiJypTPJ.html |title=NH10 is about a road trip gone severely wrong: Navdeep Singh |last=Vats |first=Rohit |work=Hindustan Times |date=12 March 2015 |access-date=19 May 2018|url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180519204956/https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/nh10-is-about-a-road-trip-gone-severely-wrong-navdeep-singh/story-4zDhTmGByL8WXEZiJypTPJ.html |archive-date=19 May 2018 }}</ref> He chose a female character for the role of sarpanch to show the "role of women in the upholding and dissemination of patriarchy [''sic'']", and stated that the film's main theme is gender.<ref name=truth>{{cite news |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/1150329/jsp/t2/story_11345.jsp#.Vvk-o7Kqqko |title=The truth about NH10 |last=Gupta |first=Pratim D. |work=The Telegraph |date=29 March 2015 |access-date=19 May 2018|url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180520054037/https://www.telegraphindia.com/1150329/jsp/t2/story_11345.jsp#.Vvk-o7Kqqko |archive-date=20 May 2018 }}</ref>

Some of the scenarios in ''NH10'' depicted such real-life events as [[honour killing]] cases; the scene in which a couple are murdered by their own families was inspired by a real-life case that Sharma and Singh came across while researching for the story.<ref name=nie /> Singh drew likenesses between ''NH10''{{'s}} love story and the story of [[Savitri and Satyavan]], where the wife fights to save her husband.<ref name=vats /> Singh avoided scenes depicting sexual assault, which he thought could become "voyeuristic" or inadvertently "titillating".<ref name=truth /> His production team had "self-censored" from showing blood in the film because he thought the mainstream Indian audience does not have an "appetite for gore".<ref name=truth /> The title of the film refers to [[National Highway 10 (India, old numbering)|National Highway 10]], which connects Delhi with the town of [[Fazilka]] and passes through [[Haryana]] (incidents in the movie are from Haryana).<ref name=vats />

In 2013, it was announced that Singh would be making ''NH10'' with [[Freida Pinto]] and [[Rajkummar Rao]].<ref>{{cite news |url=http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/freida-pinto-raj-kumar-yadavs-film-has-a-title-nh10/1087405/ |title=Freida Pinto, Raj Kumar Yadav's film has a title NH10 |work=The Indian Express |date=13 March 2013 |access-date=19 May 2018|url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140306123246/http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/freida-pinto-raj-kumar-yadavs-film-has-a-title-nh10/1087405 |archive-date=6 March 2014 }}</ref> The script was first offered to Sharma, but she declined because she was busy with other films at that time. It was then offered to several other actors. While she was filming for ''[[Bombay Velvet]]'' (2015), its director [[Anurag Kashyap]] told Sharma that Singh was trying to make ''NH10''. She read the script again and agreed to join the project, which was at that time without a producer. Sharma then decided to co-produce it.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/hindi/2015/mar/07/nh10-was-just-meant-for-me-725794.html |title=NH10 Was Just Meant for Me |last=Upadhyay |first=Karishma |work=The New Indian Express |date=7 March 2015 |access-date=19 May 2018|url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180519204826/http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/hindi/2015/mar/07/NH10-Was-Just-Meant-for-Me-725794.html |archive-date=19 May 2018 }}</ref> ''NH10'' was Sharma's first film as a producer; it was made under her label [[Clean Slate Filmz]]. She agreed to film because the story felt real to her and its story could happen to anyone; she said, "when bad people attack you, they don't see [your sex]. I liked that about the story."<ref name=patcy>{{cite web |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/interview/anushka-acting-comes-naturally-to-me/20150225.htm |title=Anushka: Acting comes naturally to me |last=N |first=Patcy |work=Rediff.com |date=25 February 2015 |access-date=19 May 2018|url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180520053752/http://www.rediff.com/movies/interview/anushka-acting-comes-naturally-to-me/20150225.htm |archive-date=20 May 2018 }}</ref> Sharma called the personal struggle "very relatable", as she felt this could happen to anyone.<ref name=patcy /> Neil Bhoopalam said he agreed to appear in the film because he liked Singh's earlier film ''Manorama Six Feet Under''.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/did-nh10-because-of-director-navdeep-singh-neil-bhoopalam/story-yoT969FnriVoUCZkXs3kHI.html |title=Did NH10 because of director Navdeep Singh: Neil Bhoopalam |last=Ghosh |work=Hindustan Times |date=12 March 2015 |access-date=19 May 2018|url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180519204843/https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/did-nh10-because-of-director-navdeep-singh-neil-bhoopalam/story-yoT969FnriVoUCZkXs3kHI.html |archive-date=19 May 2018 }}</ref> To prepare for the role, Sharma underwent [[interval training]] for around three months to physically suit the character.<ref name=mirror>{{cite news |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/1150320/jsp/t2/story_9641.jsp#.VvlAg7Kqqko |title=Mirror, mirror on the wall... Who's the fiercest of 'em all? |last=Upadhyay |first=Karishma |work=The Telegraph |date=20 March 2015 |access-date=19 May 2018|url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180520054006/https://www.telegraphindia.com/1150320/jsp/t2/story_9641.jsp#.VvlAg7Kqqko |archive-date=20 May 2018 }}</ref> With Bhoopalam, she also took acting workshops conducted by Singh and Atul Mongia for the characters.<ref name=patcy />

=== Filming ===
[[File:2013 Toyota Fortuner 2.7 G LUX wagon (TGN61R; 12-16-2018), South Tangerang.jpg|thumb|right|A [[Toyota Fortuner]], similar to one shown in the film.]]
Principal photography for ''NH10'' started on 17 January 2014.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://zeenews.india.com/entertainment/bollywood/anushka-sharma-starts-shooting-for-nh10_149377.html |title=Anushka Sharma starts shooting for 'NH10' |publisher=Zee News |date=17 January 2014 |access-date=17 January 2014|url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140120201034/http://zeenews.india.com/entertainment/bollywood/anushka-sharma-starts-shooting-for-nh10_149377.html |archive-date=20 January 2014 }}</ref> The film was shot in [[Gurgaon]], Haryana and in the interior of [[Rajasthan]] in its second schedule.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/nh10-has-definitely-reinstated-my-faith-in-good-stories-anushka-sharma/ |title=NH10 has definitely reinstated my faith in good stories–Anushka Sharma |last=Sundaresan |first=Satish |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |date=11 March 2015 |access-date=19 May 2018|url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180519204956/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/nh10-has-definitely-reinstated-my-faith-in-good-stories-anushka-sharma/ |archive-date=19 May 2018 }}</ref> Singh said he chose Haryana as the backdrop because several incidents similar to those depicted in the film had happened there.<ref name=other /> A sandstorm occurred during the shoot, causing a halt.<ref name=patcy /> It was extensively filmed in Jodhpur, Rajasthan, for a month in its second schedule.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/140409/entertainment-bollywood/article/virat-kohli-lands-again-anushka-sharmas-film-set |title=Virat Kohli lands again on Anushka Sharma's film set |work=Deccan Chronicle |date=9 April 2014 |access-date=19 May 2018|url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180519210245/https://www.deccanchronicle.com/140409/entertainment-bollywood/article/virat-kohli-lands-again-anushka-sharmas-film-set |archive-date=19 May 2018 }}</ref> Most of the night scenes were shot in Rajasthan because of several problems, including crowd control, fog and a sandstorm.<ref name=nie /><ref name=other>{{cite AV media |title=Making of NH10: The Other India: Anushka Sharma, Neil Boopalam, Navdeep Singh |publisher=Eros Now |work=YouTube |location=India |date=17 February 2015}}</ref> While filming in Haryana, some local actors were hired after auditions from [[Hisar (city)|Hisar]] and [[Rohtak]] because budget constraints prevented the hiring of a language coach; the producers also thought that casting locals would make the characters more realistic.<ref name="haryana actors" />

Sharma performed all the stunts herself.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/photo-features/nh10-anushka-sharma-speaks-about-the-film/nh10-anushka-sharma-speaks-about-the-film/photostory/46529739.cms |title=NH10: Anushka Sharma speaks about the film |work=The Times of India |date=30 March 2015 |access-date=19 May 2018|url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180611062056/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/photo-features/nh10-anushka-sharma-speaks-about-the-film/nh10-anushka-sharma-speaks-about-the-film/photostory/46529739.cms |archive-date=11 June 2018 }}</ref> She suffered some bruises and back pain while shooting, and was later hospitalised.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.mid-day.com/articles/the-real-reason-behind-anushka-sharmas-hospital-visits/15985180 |title=The Real Reason Behind Anushka Sharma's Hospital Visits |last=Dubey |first=Gaurav |work=Mid Day |date=13 February 2015 |access-date=19 May 2018|url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180519205123/https://www.mid-day.com/articles/the-real-reason-behind-anushka-sharmas-hospital-visits/15985180 |archive-date=19 May 2018 }}</ref> While filming a night scene, a moon box light weighing around {{Convert|900|kilogram|lb}} attached to a crane was swaying in high winds; Sharma noticed the skimmer holding the box was torn and could fall, so the team evacuated the area.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Anushka-Sharma-averted-a-near-fatal-accident-on-the-sets-of-NH10/articleshow/46164575.cms |title=Anushka Sharma averted a near fatal accident on the sets of NH10 |last=Basu |first=Mohar |work=The Times of India |date=10 February 2015 |access-date=19 May 2018|url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180528103802/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Anushka-Sharma-averted-a-near-fatal-accident-on-the-sets-of-NH10/articleshow/46164575.cms |archive-date=28 May 2018 }}</ref> Darshan Kumar did not interact with Sharma on the sets because he wanted to be in-character for the film.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/people-used-to-think-that-i-was-throwing-attitude-in-nh10-with-anushka-around-darshan-kumaar/ |title=People used to think that I was throwing attitude in NH10 with Anushka around–Darshan Kumaar |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |date=19 March 2015 |access-date=19 May 2018|url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180520053738/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/people-used-to-think-that-i-was-throwing-attitude-in-nh10-with-anushka-around-darshan-kumaar/ |archive-date=20 May 2018 }}</ref> Sharma said hearing Kumar talk while filming the scene in which they confront each other made her fear him.<ref name=mirror /> To further prepare for his role, Kumar listened to Haryanvi songs and interacted with locals around National Highway 10 to observe how they behaved.<ref name="haryana actors">{{cite news |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/150225/entertainment-bollywood/article/watch-making-nh10-anushka-sharma-and-locals-haryana |title=Watch: The making of 'NH10' with Anushka Sharma and the locals of Haryana |work=Deccan Chronicle |date=25 February 2015 |access-date=19 May 2018|url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180519211054/https://www.deccanchronicle.com/150225/entertainment-bollywood/article/watch-making-nh10-anushka-sharma-and-locals-haryana |archive-date=19 May 2018 }}</ref> He also participated in workshops to learn the local body language and dialect.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/darshan-kumar-appeals-for-better-laws-stricter-punishment-to-prevent-crime-972443.html |title=Darshan Kumar appeals for better laws, stricter punishment to prevent crime |last=Pal |first=Divya |website=News18 |date=10 March 2015 |access-date=19 May 2018|url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180519205111/https://www.news18.com/news/movies/darshan-kumar-appeals-for-better-laws-stricter-punishment-to-prevent-crime-972443.html |archive-date=19 May 2018 }}</ref>

''NH10'' was filmed over the course of 44 days.<ref name=nie>{{cite news |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/bengaluru/2015/mar/23/nh10-proves-that-nothing-succeeds-like-success-732138.html |title=NH10 Proves that Nothing Succeeds Like Success |work=The New Indian Express |date=23 March 2015 |access-date=19 May 2018|url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180519204915/http://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/bengaluru/2015/mar/23/NH10-Proves-that-Nothing-Succeeds-Like-Success-732138.html |archive-date=19 May 2018 }}</ref> On one occasion, around 2,000 people had gathered at a filming location on the outskirts of Gurgaon; Singh said the crowd had gathered out of curiosity but turned hostile after they were told to stay away from the set. Some people in the crowd started performing bicycle stunts and firing bullets.<ref>{{cite AV media |title=NH10: Action Making: Anushka Sharma, Neil Bhoopalam, Navdeep Singh: Releasing 13th March |publisher=Eros Now |work=YouTube |location=India |date=11 March 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/entertainment/bollywood/anushka-sharma-reveals-why-nh10-was-shot-at-real-locations-21045.html |title=Exclusive: Anushka Sharma reveals why NH10 was shot at real locations |publisher=India TV |date=12 March 2015 |access-date=19 May 2018|url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180519204946/https://www.indiatvnews.com/entertainment/bollywood/anushka-sharma-reveals-why-nh10-was-shot-at-real-locations-21045.html |archive-date=19 May 2018 }}</ref> The shoot was eventually cancelled.<ref name=crowd>{{cite news |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/shooting-in-the-dark/ |title='NH10' director Navdeep Singh on shooting, crowd control and hunting for locations |last=Sahani |first=Alaka |work=The Indian Express |date=19 March 2015 |access-date=19 May 2018|url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171202030810/http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/shooting-in-the-dark/ |archive-date=2 December 2017 }}</ref> Sharma said this incident "instilled some fear and anxiety" into her, which she channelled into the film.<ref name=mirror /> ''NH10'' was jointly produced by [[Phantom Films]], [[Eros International]] and Clean Slate Filmz and was distributed by Eros International.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/action-not-glamourised-in-nh10-director-navdeep-singh/ |title=Action not glamourised in 'NH10': Director Navdeep Singh |work=The Indian Express |date=6 March 2015 |access-date=19 May 2018|url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180519204426/http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/action-not-glamourised-in-nh10-director-navdeep-singh/ |archive-date=19 May 2018 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20140131005502/en/Eros-International-Board-NH-10-Phantom-Films |title=Eros International Comes on Board NH 10 with Phantom Films & Anushka Sharma |publisher=Business Wire |date=31 January 2014 |access-date=25 June 2018 |archive-date=17 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191217051221/https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20140131005502/en/Eros-International-Board-NH-10-Phantom-Films |url-status=live }}</ref> Sharma did not take a fee for the film; she "instead put it into the film".<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/anushka-sharma-goes-easy-on-her-fee-for-nh10-puts-it-into-the-films-making/ |title=Anushka Sharma goes easy on her fee for NH10, puts it into the film's making |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |date=30 December 2014 |access-date=19 May 2018|url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180519204924/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/anushka-sharma-goes-easy-on-her-fee-for-nh10-puts-it-into-the-films-making/ |archive-date=19 May 2018 }}</ref> The film's director of photography was Arbind Kannabiran, while Jabeen Merchant served as the editor.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/nh10/cast/ |title=NH10 Cast & Crew |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |date=13 March 2015 |access-date=19 May 2018|url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180519205038/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/nh10/cast/ |archive-date=19 May 2018 }}</ref> The prosthetics in the film were made by French makeup artist Romy Angevin.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/French-artist-Romy-Angevin-commissioned-for-prosthetics-in-Anushka-Sharmas-NH10/articleshow/46028269.cms |title=French artist Romy Angevin commissioned for prosthetics in Anushka Sharma's NH10 |last=Basu |first=Mohar |work=The Times of India |date=27 January 2015 |access-date=19 May 2018|url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150131060633/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/French-artist-Romy-Angevin-commissioned-for-prosthetics-in-Anushka-Sharmas-NH10/articleshow/46028269.cms |archive-date=31 January 2015 }}</ref>

== Soundtrack ==
{{Main|NH10 (soundtrack)}}
The soundtrack album of ''NH10'' was composed by [[Sanjeev–Darshan]], Bann Chakraborty, Abhiruchi Chand, Ayush Shrestha, Savera Mehta and Samira Koppikar. It was released on 17 February 2015 on the label Eros International.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://itunes.apple.com/us/album/nh10-original-motion-picture-soundtrack/1076168684 |title=NH10 (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack) |date=17 February 2015 |publisher=iTunes |access-date=20 May 2018|url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180520054740/https://itunes.apple.com/us/album/nh10-original-motion-picture-soundtrack/1076168684 |archive-date=20 May 2018 }}</ref> The album has nine songs, which have vocals by artists including [[Kanika Kapoor]], Dipanshu Pandit, [[Mohit Chauhan]], [[Neeti Mohan]] and [[Shilpa Rao]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://gaana.com/album/nh10 |title=NH10 |publisher=Gaana |access-date=20 May 2018|url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180520054550/https://gaana.com/album/nh10 |archive-date=20 May 2018 }}</ref> The lyrics were written by Kumaar, Chakraborty, Manoj Tapadia, Neeraj Rajawat and [[Varun Grover (writer)|Varun Grover]].<ref name=lyrics>{{cite news |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/entertainment/nh10-critic-review-anushka-sharma-starrer-soundtrack-fits-the-overall-modest-expectations/52394/ |title=NH10 critic review: Anushka Sharma-starrer soundtrack fits the overall modest expectations |work=The Financial Express |date=11 March 2015 |access-date=20 May 2018|url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180520124048/https://www.financialexpress.com/entertainment/nh10-critic-review-anushka-sharma-starrer-soundtrack-fits-the-overall-modest-expectations/52394/ |archive-date=20 May 2018 }}</ref>


== Marketing and release ==

''NH10'' was screened at the [[Beijing International Film Festival]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/anushka-sharmas-nh10-to-be-screened-at-beijing-international-film-festival/ |title=Anushka Sharma's NH10 to be screened at Beijing International Film Festival |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |date=4 April 2015 |access-date=23 May 2018|url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180524082226/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/anushka-sharmas-nh10-to-be-screened-at-beijing-international-film-festival/ |archive-date=24 May 2018 }}</ref> India's [[Central Board of Film Certification]] removed some scenes and dialogues in the film; Singh expressed his disappointment over the censorship and said, "words can be violent and deleting them reduced that impact besides diluting the flavour".<ref name=truth /> The film's original release date was 6 March, but its release was postponed to 13 March because it had not been cleared by the censor board.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/anushka-sharma-was-the-first-choice-for-nh10-navdeep-singh-242989-2015-03-04 |title=Anushka Sharma was the first choice for NH10: Navdeep Singh |work=India Today |date=4 March 2015 |access-date=23 May 2018|url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180524004315/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/anushka-sharma-was-the-first-choice-for-nh10-navdeep-singh-242989-2015-03-04 |archive-date=24 May 2018 }}</ref> It was cleared with an "A (adult only)" certificate and had nine cuts.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/story/censor-board-clears-anushka-sharma-nh10-with-nine-cuts-a-certificate-243089-2015-03-05 |title=Censor board clears NH10 with nine cuts, A certificate |work=India Today |date=5 March 2015 |access-date=23 May 2018|url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180524005504/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/story/censor-board-clears-anushka-sharma-nh10-with-nine-cuts-a-certificate-243089-2015-03-05 |archive-date=24 May 2018 }}</ref> The first look of the film, which showed Sharma bruised and holding a rod, was released on 4 February 2015 via Sharma's Twitter account.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://movies.ndtv.com/bollywood/first-look-anushka-sharmas-tryst-with-danger-in-nh-10-736881 |title=First Look: Anushka Sharma's Tryst With Danger in NH 10 |last=Goyal |first=Divya |publisher=NDTV |date=4 February 2015 |access-date=23 May 2018|url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180524003904/http://movies.ndtv.com/bollywood/first-look-anushka-sharmas-tryst-with-danger-in-nh-10-736881 |archive-date=24 May 2018 }}</ref> It was followed by a motion poster.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://movies.ndtv.com/bollywood/anushka-sharma-and-a-gun-shot-on-nh10-737155 |title=Anushka Sharma and a Gun Shot on NH10 |last=Prashar |first=Chandni |publisher=NDTV |date=5 May 2015 |access-date=23 May 2018|url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180524003814/http://movies.ndtv.com/bollywood/anushka-sharma-and-a-gun-shot-on-nh10-737155 |archive-date=24 May 2018 }}</ref>

The official trailer of ''NH10'' was released on 5 February 2015 at a suburban multiplex in Mumbai in the presence of the cast and producers.<ref>{{cite news |title=NH10 Trailer: Anushka Sharma steals the show |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/NH10-Trailer-Anushka-Sharma-steals-the-show/articleshow/46137823.cms |date=6 February 2015 |work=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=7 February 2015|url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150213012925/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/NH10-Trailer-Anushka-Sharma-steals-the-show/articleshow/46137823.cms |archive-date=13 February 2015 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.ibtimes.co.in/nh10-trailer-released-anushka-sharma-turns-killer-survive-horrifying-trip-celebs-shower-622685 |title='NH10' Trailer Released: Anushka Sharma Turns Killer to Survive Horrifying Trip; Celebs Shower Praises on Twitter |last=Goswami |first=Parismita |work=International Business Times |date=6 February 2015 |access-date=23 May 2018|url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180524081339/https://www.ibtimes.co.in/nh10-trailer-released-anushka-sharma-turns-killer-survive-horrifying-trip-celebs-shower-622685 |archive-date=24 May 2018 }}</ref> It accrued a million views in 48 hours on its YouTube channel.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/anushka-sharma-nh10-crosses-one-million-views-in-48-hours-239112-2015-02-07 |title=Anushka Sharma's NH10 crosses one million views in 48 hours |work=India Today |date=7 February 2015 |access-date=23 May 2018|url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180524004152/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/anushka-sharma-nh10-crosses-one-million-views-in-48-hours-239112-2015-02-07 |archive-date=24 May 2018 }}</ref> Before the film's release, several film distributors and exhibitors predicted it would recover its production costs, depending on the content.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.koimoi.com/box-office/nh10-releases-today-public-will-give-us-the-right-report-say-distributors-exhibitors/ |title=NH10 Releases Today; 'Public Will Give Us The Right Report' Say Distributors & Exhibitors |last=Chandra |first=Vaishali |publisher=Koimoi |date=13 March 2015 |access-date=23 May 2018|url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180524004234/http://www.koimoi.com/box-office/nh10-releases-today-public-will-give-us-the-right-report-say-distributors-exhibitors/ |archive-date=24 May 2018 }}</ref> ''NH10'' received its theatrical release on 13 March 2015.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://movies.ndtv.com/bollywood/todays-big-release-nh10-746243 |title=Today's Big Release: NH10 |last=Prashar |first=Chandni |publisher=NDTV |date=13 March 2015 |access-date=23 May 2018|url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180524003928/http://movies.ndtv.com/bollywood/todays-big-release-nh10-746243 |archive-date=24 May 2018 }}</ref> The film was premiered at television on 31 October 2015 on [[& Pictures]].<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/interview-broke-boundaries-and-stereotypes-with-nh10-anushka-sharma-2140241 |title=Broke boundaries and stereotypes with 'NH10': Anushka Sharma |last=Rakshit |first=Nayandeep |work=Daily News and Analysis |date=30 October 2015 |access-date=23 May 2018|url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180524010538/http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/interview-broke-boundaries-and-stereotypes-with-nh10-anushka-sharma-2140241 |archive-date=24 May 2018 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.andpictures.in/promos/anushka-sharma-fights-the-system-nh10-world-television-premiere |title=Anushka Sharma Fights The System in NH10: World Television Premiere |date=29 October 2015 |publisher=& Pictures |access-date=23 May 2018|url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180524082349/http://www.andpictures.in/promos/anushka-sharma-fights-the-system-nh10-world-television-premiere |archive-date=24 May 2018 }}</ref> It was released on DVD on 25 April 2015 and is also available on [[ZEE5]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.amazon.in/NH-10-Anushka-Sharma/dp/B00VWS7TZI |title=NH10 |date=25 April 2015 |publisher=Amazon |access-date=23 May 2018|url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180524004101/https://www.amazon.in/NH-10-Anushka-Sharma/dp/B00VWS7TZI |archive-date=24 May 2018 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.zee5.com/search |title=NH10 |publisher=ZEE5 |access-date=23 December 2018 |archive-date=10 December 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201210113500/https://comingsoon.zee5.com/comingsoon/index.php |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Reception ==
=== Critical reception ===
''NH10'' received positive reviews from critics, with particular praise directed towards Sharma's performance.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.ibtimes.co.in/nh10-movie-review-by-viewers-live-update-anushka-sharmas-performance-rocks-626077 |title='NH10' Movie Review: Viewers Bowled Over By Anushka Sharma's Performance |last=Hooli |first=Shekhar H |date=13 March 2015 |work=International Business Times |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180625055448/https://www.ibtimes.co.in/nh10-movie-review-by-viewers-live-update-anushka-sharmas-performance-rocks-626077 |archive-date=25 June 2018 |url-status=live |access-date=25 June 2018}}</ref> Anubhav Parsheera of ''[[India Today]]'' called ''NH10'' a "gripping" film that "provides a rare perspective of the female".<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/reviews/story/nh10-review-anushka-sharma-neil-bhoopalam-darshan-kumar-navdeep-singh-244312-2015-03-14 |title=NH10 is a necessary tale of revenge |last=Parsheera |first=Anubhav |work=India Today |date=14 March 2015 |access-date=16 March 2015|url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150315215656/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/nh10-review-anushka-sharma-neil-bhoopalam-darshan-kumar-navdeep-singh/1/423872.html |archive-date=15 March 2015 }}</ref> Others called it "a non-stop, relentless, edge-of-the-seat experience"<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.mid-day.com/articles/nh10---movie-review/16056180 |title=NH10 – Movie Review |last=Saha |first=Shubha Shetty |work=Mid Day |date=14 March 2015 |access-date=16 March 2015|url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150315044735/http://www.mid-day.com/articles/nh10---movie-review/16056180 |archive-date=15 March 2015 }}</ref>
and a "taut and riveting thriller [that was] eminently watchable".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://movies.ndtv.com/movie-reviews/nh10-movie-review-1104 |title=NH10 Movie Review |last=Chatterjee |first=Saibal |publisher=NDTV |date=13 March 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150313213121/http://movies.ndtv.com/movie-reviews/nh10-movie-review-1104 |archive-date=13 March 2015 |access-date=23 April 2015 }}</ref> [[Rajeev Masand]] wrote that the film is a "standard genre movie on the surface" with layers of "rich subtext" that delivers "so much more than your average thriller". He also complimented Sharma's performance, saying she "sinks her teeth into the character".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.rajeevmasand.com/reviews/our-films/highway-to-hell/ |title=Highway to hell |last=Masand |first=Rajeev |publisher=RajeevMasand.com |date=13 March 2016 |access-date=16 March 2015|url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150315154027/http://www.rajeevmasand.com/reviews/our-films/highway-to-hell/ |archive-date=15 March 2015 }}</ref> Saurabh Dwivedi of ''India Today'' labelled the film "a very important film of today's times" and a "cry of protest against patriarchy".<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/reviews/story/nh10-review-starring-anushka-sharma-neil-bhoopalam-navdeep-singh-darshan-kumar-244168-2015-03-13 |title=NH10 review: Woman, fear and courage, the film is a must watch |last=Dwivedi |first=Saurabh |work=India Today |date=13 March 2015 |access-date=11 June 2018|url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180409002248/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/reviews/story/nh10-review-starring-anushka-sharma-neil-bhoopalam-navdeep-singh-darshan-kumar-244168-2015-03-13 |archive-date=9 April 2018 }}</ref>

Srijana Mitra Das of ''[[The Times of India]]'' gave a positive response, saying, "It's easy to hate ''NH10'' while watching it because it's one of the most terrifying Hindi films ever—while simultaneously, you love its brilliance".<ref>{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/movie-reviews/nh10/movie-review/46549775.cms |title=NH10 Movie Review |last=Das |first=Srijana Mitra |work=The Times of India |access-date=11 June 2018|url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180611062056/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/movie-reviews/nh10/movie-review/46549775.cms |archive-date=11 June 2018 }}</ref> [[Anupama Chopra]] said the film keeps you at the edge of your seat. She praised the supporting cast and Sharma, writing: "''NH10'' rests on the able shoulders of Sharma, who doesn't hit a false note".<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/movie-reviews/nh-10-review-by-anupama-chopra-this-is-highway-to-hell/story-WQ4KsaAUxu0pJc1vWXlcZN.html |title=NH 10 review by Anupama Chopra: This is highway to hell |last=Chopra |first=Anupama |work=Hindustan Times |date=14 March 2015 |access-date=11 June 2018|url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180611062056/https://www.hindustantimes.com/movie-reviews/nh-10-review-by-anupama-chopra-this-is-highway-to-hell/story-WQ4KsaAUxu0pJc1vWXlcZN.html |archive-date=11 June 2018 }}</ref> [[Raja Sen]] gave a positive response and called it a "strikingly believable horror film" and a "far scarier and more socially impactful film than anything slasher has a right to be".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/report/review-nh10-is-a-strikingly-believable-horror-film/20150313.htm |title=Review: NH10 is a strikingly believable horror film |last=Sen |first=Raja |work=Rediff.com |date=13 March 2015 |access-date=11 June 2018|url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170827002823/http://www.rediff.com/movies/report/review-nh10-is-a-strikingly-believable-horror-film/20150313.htm |archive-date=27 August 2017 }}</ref> Mihir Fadnavis of ''[[Firstpost]]'' praised Sharma's performance, calling it "terrific" and the film a "gripping and entertaining thriller".<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/nh10-review-anushka-takes-on-crazy-killers-in-bollywoods-first-slasher-road-trip-film-2152003.html |title=NH10 review: Anushka takes on crazy killers in Bollywood's first slasher road trip film |last=Fadnavis |first=Mihir |work=Firstpost |date=16 March 2015 |access-date=11 June 2018|url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171113024222/http://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/nh10-review-anushka-takes-on-crazy-killers-in-bollywoods-first-slasher-road-trip-film-2152003.html |archive-date=13 November 2017 }}</ref>

Contrasting with the highly positive reviews, Shubhra Gupta wrote that Sharma's character was not believable; "Meera, dragging a sharp bhala on the ground, with the soundtrack helpfully amplifying the sound, does not leave me cheering".<ref>{{cite news |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/nh-10-review-anushka-sharma/ |title=NH10 movie review: Anushka Sharma movies is so horrifying that you can't blink |last=Gupta |first=Shubhra |work=The Indian Express |date=16 March 2015 |access-date=11 June 2018|url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171114135639/http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/nh-10-review-anushka-sharma/ |archive-date=14 November 2017 }}</ref> Faiza S Khan of ''[[The Guardian]]'' called the film "a misogynistic slasher movie with a topical twist".<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2015/apr/07/nh10-review-slasher-movie-bollywood |title=NH10 review – a misogynistic slasher movie with a topical twist |last=Khan |first=Faiza S |work=The Guardian |date=7 April 2015|url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160518053835/http://www.theguardian.com/film/2015/apr/07/nh10-review-slasher-movie-bollywood |archive-date=18 May 2016 }}</ref> Rohit Vats of ''[[Hindustan Times]]'' stated that the film's second half "lacks the same fluidity and penetration power" as the first half, saying,"''NH10'' displays a great potential and then fails to capitalise on it".<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/movie-reviews/nh10-review-too-much-drama-hampers-the-essence-of-the-film/article1-1325778.aspx |title=NH10 review: Welcome to the jungle |last=Vats |first=Rohit |work=Hindustan Times |date=14 March 2015|url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150422071702/http://www.hindustantimes.com/movie-reviews/nh10-review-too-much-drama-hampers-the-essence-of-the-film/article1-1325778.aspx |archive-date=22 April 2015 }}</ref> Sukanya Verma of ''[[Rediff.com]]'' called the film a "compelling thriller" but said the climax is a "letdown".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/report/review-anushka-sharma-is-impressive-in-the-murky-nh10/20150313.htm |title=Review: NH10 is a compelling thriller |last=Verma |first=Sukanya |work=Rediff.com |date=13 March 2015 |access-date=11 June 2018|url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171219050705/http://www.rediff.com/movies/report/review-anushka-sharma-is-impressive-in-the-murky-nh10/20150313.htm |archive-date=19 December 2017 }}</ref> Deepanjana Pal wrote that the film has stereotypical rural characters, but praised Sharma's performance, writing, "''NH10'' was not an easy film to make and it isn't an easy film to watch, but give it five minutes, and it will suck you into its menace-riddled story".<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/nh10-review-anushka-sharma-holds-together-this-flawed-movie-with-her-performance-2151225.html |title=NH10 Review: Anushka Sharma holds together this flawed movie with her performance |last=Pal |first=Deepanjana |work=Firstpost |date=13 March 2015 |access-date=11 June 2018|url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170818001538/http://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/nh10-review-anushka-sharma-holds-together-this-flawed-movie-with-her-performance-2151225.html |archive-date=18 August 2017 }}</ref>

=== Box office ===
''NH10'' was made on a production budget of {{INRConvert|80|m}} with {{INRConvert|50|m}} spent on prints and advertising, totalling {{INRConvert|130|m}}.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.koimoi.com/box-office/nh10-opens-better-than-queen-kahaani-tanu-weds-manu-equals-mardaani/ |title=NH10 Opens Better Than Queen, Kahaani, Tanu Weds Manu; Equals Mardaani |publisher=Koimoi |date=14 March 2015 |access-date=31 May 2018|url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151222193351/http://www.koimoi.com/box-office/nh10-opens-better-than-queen-kahaani-tanu-weds-manu-equals-mardaani/ |archive-date=22 December 2015 }}</ref> It earned {{INRConvert|33.5|m}} on its opening day, followed by a collection of {{INRConvert|45.0|m}} on the second day, making {{INRConvert|78.5|m}} over two days.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/nh10-anushka-sharma-neil-bhoopalam-darshan-kumar-navdeep-singh-box-office-collection-taran-adarsh-244359-2015-03-15 |title=Anushka Sharma's NH10 gets a slow start, earns Rs 7.85 crore in two days |work=India Today |date=15 March 2015 |access-date=31 May 2018|url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180611062056/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/nh10-anushka-sharma-neil-bhoopalam-darshan-kumar-navdeep-singh-box-office-collection-taran-adarsh-244359-2015-03-15 |archive-date=11 June 2018 }}</ref> The film earned {{INRConvert|130|m}} on its opening weekend.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mtvindia.com/blogs/shows/general/7-things-you-absolutely-must-know-about-nh-10-52194381.html |title=7 Things You Absolutely Must Know About NH 10 |publisher=MTV India |date=17 March 2015 |access-date=31 May 2018|url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180611062056/http://www.mtvindia.com/blogs/shows/general/7-things-you-absolutely-must-know-about-nh-10-52194381.html |archive-date=11 June 2018 }}</ref> It had earned {{INRConvert|284|m}} at the end of second week.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.ndtv.com/business/nh10-box-office-collections-seen-touching-rs-30-crore-soon-750347 |title=NH10 Box Office Collections Seen Touching Rs. 30 Crore Soon |publisher=NDTV |date=28 March 2015 |access-date=31 May 2018|url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180611062056/https://www.ndtv.com/business/nh10-box-office-collections-seen-touching-rs-30-crore-soon-750347 |archive-date=11 June 2018 }}</ref> ''NH10'' earned {{INRConvert|7.4|m}} on the Saturday and {{INRConvert|8.9|m}} on the Sunday of its third weekend, making a domestic total of {{INRConvert|306|m}}.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.filmfare.com/news/hunterrr-and-nh10-score-well-8768.html |title=Hunterrr and NH10 score well |work=[[Filmfare]] |date=30 March 2015 |access-date=11 May 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150518104025/http://www.filmfare.com/news/hunterrr-and-nh10-score-well-8768.html |archive-date=18 May 2015}}</ref> The film collected {{INRConvert|330|m}} in its entire theatrical run, emerging as a [[sleeper hit]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.koimoi.com/box-office/welcome-back-fares-really-good-1st-week-box-office-collections/ |title=Welcome Back Fares Really Good – 1st Week Box Office Collections |last=Tuteja |first=Joginder |publisher=Koimoi |date=11 September 2015 |access-date=31 May 2018|url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170710003925/http://www.koimoi.com/box-office/welcome-back-fares-really-good-1st-week-box-office-collections/ |archive-date=10 July 2017 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/nh10-and-more-sleeper-hits-a-new-trend-in-bollywood/article1-1327254.aspx |title=NH10 and more: Sleeper hits, a new trend in Bollywood |last=Singh |first=Prashant |work=Hindustan Times |date=17 March 2015 |access-date=17 March 2015|url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150317095603/http://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/nh10-and-more-sleeper-hits-a-new-trend-in-bollywood/article1-1327254.aspx |archive-date=17 March 2015 }}</ref>

== Sequel and remake ==
After the film's critical and commercial success, the producers of ''NH10'' confirmed they would be making a sequel named ''NH12'', which will explore a similar theme.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/nh10-producers-plan-sequel-name-it-nh12/article1-1331783.aspx |title=NH10 producers plan sequel, name it NH12 |work=Hindustan Times |date=29 March 2015 |access-date=29 March 2015|url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150330020301/http://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/nh10-producers-plan-sequel-name-it-nh12/article1-1331783.aspx |archive-date=30 March 2015 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/nh10-sequel-nh12-anushka-sharma-explore-dark-theme-246275-2015-03-29 |title=NH10 sequel to be titled NH12, will explore another dark theme |work=India Today |date=29 March 2015 |access-date=29 March 2015|url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150329205123/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/nh10-sequel-nh12-anushka-sharma-explore-dark-theme/1/426272.html |archive-date=29 March 2015 }}</ref> {{As of|June 2018}}, ''NH10'' was being remade in the Tamil language with the title ''Garjanai'' and starring [[Trisha Krishnan|Trisha]] in the lead role. However, the film was never released.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/trisha-nh-10-remake-gajranai-vijay-sethupathi-96-954123-2017-01-10 |title=NH10 remake: Trisha's Gajranai goes on floors |work=India Today |date=10 January 2017 |access-date=31 May 2018|url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180611062056/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/trisha-nh-10-remake-gajranai-vijay-sethupathi-96-954123-2017-01-10 |archive-date=11 June 2018 }}</ref>

== Awards and nominations ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Award
! Category
! Recipients and nominees
! Result
! {{tooltip|Ref.|References}}
|-
| rowspan=2 | [[8th Mirchi Music Awards]]
| [[Mirchi Music Award for Upcoming Lyricist of The Year|Upcoming Lyricist of The Year]]
| Neeraj Rajawat – "Maati Ka Palang"
| rowspan=12 {{nom}}
| rowspan=2 |<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mirchimusicawards.com/hindi-2015/Nomination/ |title=MMA Mirchi Music Awards |publisher=Mirchi Music Awards |access-date=25 March 2018 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160330062839/http://www.mirchimusicawards.com/hindi-2015/Nomination/ |archive-date=30 March 2016 }}</ref>
|-
| Best Song Producer (Programming & Arranging)
| Bharat Goel – "Chhil Gaye Naina"
|-
| [[61st Filmfare Awards]]
| [[Filmfare Award for Best Actress]]
| rowspan=9 | Anushka Sharma
|<ref>{{cite news |title=Nominations for the 61st Britannia Filmfare Awards |url=http://www.filmfare.com/news/nominations-for-the-61st-britannia-filmfare-awards-11809.html |work=Filmfare |date=11 January 2016 |access-date=11 January 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160413161505/http://www.filmfare.com/news/nominations-for-the-61st-britannia-filmfare-awards-11809.html |archive-date=13 April 2016 }}</ref>
|-
| [[Zee Cine Awards]]
| Best Actor Female
|<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.etc.in/gossip/zee-cine-awards-top-6-nominations-best-actor-female-0 |title=Zee Cine Awards – Top 6 Nominations For Best Actor (Female) |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180615214449/http://www.etc.in/gossip/zee-cine-awards-top-6-nominations-best-actor-female-0 |archive-date=15 June 2018 |last=Mehta |first=Garima |publisher=ETC |date=8 February 2016 |access-date=15 June 2018}}</ref>
|-
| [[Times of India Film Awards]]
| |Best Actor (Female)
|<ref>{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/TOIFA-2016-Complete-list-of-Nominations/articleshow/51250278.cms |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180218221634/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/TOIFA-2016-Complete-list-of-Nominations/articleshow/51250278.cms |archive-date=18 February 2018 |title=TOIFA 2016: Complete list of Nominations |work=The Times of India |date=18 February 2018}}</ref>
|-
| [[Stardust Awards]]
| [[Stardust Award for Best Actress]]
|<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/nominations-for-stardust-awards-2015/ |title=Nominations for Stardust Awards 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161011231452/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/nominations-for-stardust-awards-2015/ |date=11 October 2016 |archive-date=11 October 2016 |url-status=live |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]}}</ref>
|-
| [[Star Guild Awards]]
| Best Actress in a leading role
|<ref name="starg15">{{cite web |title=Nominations for 10th Renault Star Guild Awards |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movies/features/type/view/id/7741 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |date=8 January 2015 |access-date=5 June 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150711120004/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movies/features/type/view/id/7741 |archive-date=11 July 2015}}</ref>
|-
| [[Jagran Film Festival]]
| Best Actress
|<ref>{{cite news |title=6th Jagran Film Festival will leave you spoilt for choice |url=http://www.mid-day.com/articles/6th-jagran-film-festival-will-leave-you-spoilt-for-choice/16560173 |work=Mid Day |date=25 September 2015 |access-date=19 October 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150926094329/http://www.mid-day.com/articles/6th-jagran-film-festival-will-leave-you-spoilt-for-choice/16560173 |archive-date=26 September 2015}}</ref>
|-
| [[Indian Film Festival of Melbourne]]
| Best Actress
|<ref>{{cite web |title=IFFM nominees |url=http://iffm.com.au/nominees.html |publisher=Indian Film Festival Melbourne |access-date=23 July 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150723132708/http://iffm.com.au/nominees.html |archive-date=23 July 2015}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan=3 | [[BIG Star Entertainment Awards]]
| Most Entertaining Actor in a Social Role-Female
|<ref name="big15">{{cite episode |title=Big Star Entertainment Awards 2015 nominations |series=Big Star Entertainment Awards |network=Sony TV |date=31 December 2015}}</ref>
|-
| Most Entertaining Actor in a Thriller Role-Female
|<ref name="big15" />
|-
| Most Entertaining Social Film
| rowspan=2 | NH10
|<ref name="big15" />
|-
| Star Guild Awards
| K.A Abbas Honour for Social Consciousness
| rowspan=2 {{won}}
|<ref>{{cite news |title=Bajirao Mastani wins nine awards at Guild Awards 2015: Ranveer Singh wins Best Actor, Deepika Padukone is Best Actress |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/bajirao-mastani-wins-big-at-the-guild-awards-2016-ranveer-singh-best-actor-deepika-best-actress/ |work=The Indian Express |date=24 December 2015 |access-date=12 January 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160111095416/http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/bajirao-mastani-wins-big-at-the-guild-awards-2016-ranveer-singh-best-actor-deepika-best-actress/ |archive-date=11 January 2016}}</ref>
|-
| [[International Indian Film Academy Awards]]
| Best Performance in a Negative Role
| Darshan Kumar
|<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.huffingtonpost.in/2016/06/26/iifa-2016-heres-a-complet_n_10678778.html |title=IIFA 2016: Here's A Complete List of the Winners |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160912060805/http://www.huffingtonpost.in/2016/06/26/iifa-2016-heres-a-complet_n_10678778.html |date=12 September 2016 |work=HuffPost |archive-date=12 September 2016}}</ref>
|}

== References ==
{{reflist|2}}

== External links ==
* {{BH movie|nh10}}
* {{IMDb title}}

{{Anurag Kashyap}}

[[Category:2015 Hindi-language films]]
[[Category:2010s road movies]]
[[Category:2010s slasher films]]
[[Category:2010s survival films]]
[[Category:2015 films]]
[[Category:2015 thriller films]]
[[Category:Fictional portrayals of police departments in India]]
[[Category:Films about honor killing]]
[[Category:Films about the caste system in India]]
[[Category:Films scored by Samira Koppikar]]
[[Category:Films scored by Sanjeev Darshan]]
[[Category:Films set in Haryana]]
[[Category:Films shot in Haryana]]
[[Category:Films shot in Rajasthan]]
[[Category:Hindi films remade in other languages]]
[[Category:Hindi-language thriller films]]
[[Category:Honour killing in India]]
[[Category:Indian drama road movies]]
[[Category:Indian road movies]]
[[Category:Indian slasher films]]
[[Category:Indian thriller films]]
[[Category:Indian horror films]]

Juhi Chawla filmography

2026-03-11T02:52:51Z

Yogiindia:

{{Short description|None}}
{{Orphan|date=February 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2020}}

[[File:JuhiChawla.jpg|thumb|upright=0.9|Chawla in 2012]]
[[Juhi Chawla]] is an Indian actress who primarily works in [[Hindi cinema|Hindi]] films, in addition to [[Kannada cinema|Kannada]], [[Punjabi cinema|Punjabi]], [[Telugu cinema|Telugu]], [[Cinema of West Bengal|Bengali]], [[Tamil cinema|Tamil]] and [[Malayalam cinema|Malayalam]] films. The winner of [[Femina Miss India|Miss India]] 1984 pageant, she made her acting debut with ''[[Sultanat (1986 film)|Sultanat]]'' in 1986. Her first commercial success was the Kannada film ''[[Premaloka]]'' (1987). She won the [[Filmfare Award for Lux New Face of the Year]] and received a nomination for the [[Filmfare Award for Best Actress]], for the critical and commercial success ''[[Qayamat Se Qayamat Tak]]'' (1988), which also established her career.<ref>{{cite web|title=Filmfare Awards Listing|url=http://deep750.googlepages.com/FilmfareAwards.pdf|access-date=6 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090612065210/http://deep750.googlepages.com/FilmfareAwards.pdf|archive-date=12 June 2009|url-status=live}}</ref> She rose to prominence with films like '' [[Amar Prem (1989 film)|Amar Prem]]'' (1989), ''[[Vicky Daada]]'' (1989), ''[[Love Love Love (1989 film)|Love Love Love]]'' (1989), ''[[Pratibandh]]'' (1990), ''[[Swarg]]'' (1990), ''[[Benaam Badsha]]'' (1991), ''[[Bol Radha Bol]]'' (1992) and ''[[Raju Ban Gaya Gentleman]]'' (1992), most of which proved to be commercial successes.

By 1993 she had become one of the prolific actors of Bollywood, through appearing in ''[[Hum Hain Rahi Pyar Ke]]'' (1993), which established her as a comic actress and for which she won the Filmfare Award for Best Actress, the action movie ''[[Lootere]]'' (1993), the family drama ''[[Aaina (1993 film)|Aaina]]'' (1993), and ''[[Darr]]'' (1993), which established her acting versatility. All these four films proved to be box office successes, and further established Chawla's acting career in Bollywood.

Subsequent critical and commercial successes included ''[[Andaz (1994 film)|Andaz]]'' (1994), ''[[Saajan Ka Ghar]]'' (1994), ''[[Ram Jaane]]'' (1995), ''[[Naajayaz]]'' (1995), ''[[Loafer (1996 film)|Loafer]]'' (1996), ''[[Deewana Mastana]]'' (1997), ''[[Yes Boss (film)|Yes Boss]]'' (1997), ''[[Ishq (1997 film)|Ishq]]'' (1997), ''[[Mr and Mrs Khiladi]]'' (1997), ''[[Duplicate (1998 film)|Duplicate]]'' (1998), and ''[[Arjun Pandit (1999 film)|Arjun Pandit]]'' (1999). Her body of work in the 1990s also featured ''[[Daraar (film)|Daraar]]'' (1996), ''[[Saat Rang Ke Sapne]]'' (1998), and ''[[Arjun Pandit (1999 film)|Arjun Pandit]]'' (1999). In the 2000s, Chawla began developing an interest in [[Parallel cinema|art-house films]] and hence she took up several non commercial films such as ''[[Jhankaar Beats]]'' (2003), ''[[3 Deewarein]]'' (2003), ''[[My Brother Nikhil]]'' (2005), ''[[7½ Phere]]'' (2005), ''[[Bas Ek Pal]]'' (2006), and ''[[Swami (2007 film)|Swami]]'' (2007). She especially received critical acclaim for her performance in ''3 Deewarein'' and ''My Brother Nikhil''.<ref name="3 Deewarein">{{cite web|title=Review of 3 Deewarein|url=http://www.indiafm.com/movies/review/7076/index.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080725102443/http://www.indiafm.com/movies/review/7076/index.html|archive-date=25 July 2008|access-date=6 March 2019|date=1 August 2003}}</ref><ref name="My Brother Nikhel">{{cite web|work=indiafm.com|title=Review of My Brother Nikhel|url=http://www.indiafm.com/movies/review/7307/index.html|access-date=6 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070425065516/http://www.indiafm.com/movies/review/7307/index.html|archive-date=25 April 2007|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|newspaper=[[Mid-Day]]|author=Mohamed, Khalid|title=Emotional rescue|date=27 March 2005|access-date=6 March 2019|url=http://www.mid-day.com/columns/2005/mar/106329.htm|archive-date=20 February 2006|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060220053624/http://web.mid-day.com/columns/khalid_mohammed/2005/march/106329.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> Among her works in 2008 were ''[[Bhoothnath]]'' and ''[[Krazzy 4]]'', the first of which was a moderate commercial success.

In 1999, Chawla collaborated with [[Shah Rukh Khan]] and [[Aziz Mirza]], and formed her own production company along with them, which was named [[Dreamz Unlimited]]. Their first productional venture was ''[[Phir Bhi Dil Hai Hindustani]]'' (2000), which proved to be the thirteenth highest grosser of the year, but failed commercially. It was followed by ''[[Aśoka]]'' (2001), which was also a commercial failure, and its commercial failure attributed to a setback. The last feature which Dreamz Unlimited produced was ''[[Chalte Chalte (2003 film)|Chalte Chalte]]'' (2003), which was a box office success, but after this they parted ways, due to a conflict between the workers.

== Films ==
{{Pending films key}}
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" style="margin-right: 0;"
|-
! scope="col" | Year
! scope="col" | Title{{efn|The films are listed in order of release date.}}
! scope="col" | Role(s)
!Language
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Notes
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | {{Tooltip|Ref.|Reference}}
|-
| 1986
!scope="row"| ''[[Sultanat (1986 film)|Sultanat]]''
| Zarina
|[[Hindi]]
|
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite web|title=Sultanat (1986)|url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/sultanat|publisher=[[Rotten Tomatoes]]|access-date=6 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190506202206/https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/sultanat|archive-date=6 May 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|rowspan="2"|1987
!scope="row"| ''[[Premaloka]]''
|Shashikala
|[[Kannada]]
|
|
|-
!scope="row"| ''[[Paruva Ragam]]''
|Shashikala
|[[Tamil language|Tamil]]
|
|
|-
| rowspan="3" |1988
!scope="row"| ''[[Qayamat Se Qayamat Tak]]''
|Rashmi
|Hindi
|[[Filmfare Award for Lux New Face of the Year]] Nominated—[[Filmfare Award for Best Actress]]
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite web |title=Qayamat Se Qayamat Tak |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/parties-and-events/cast-and-crew-at-dvd-launch-of-tamas/ |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |date=13 August 2011 |access-date=6 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160726050903/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/56005 |archive-date=26 July 2016 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
!scope="row"| ''Kaliyuga Karnudu''
|Jaya
|[[Telugu language|Telugu]]
|
|
|-
!scope="row"| ''[[Ranadheera]]''
|Herself
|Kannada
|
|
|-
| rowspan="6" |1989
!scope="row"| ''[[Amar Prem (1989 film)|Amar Prem]]''
|Deepika
|[[Bengali language|Bengali]]
|
|
|-
!scope="row"| ''[[Chandni (1989 film)|Chandni]]''
|Devika
|Hindi
|Special appearance
|style="text-align: center;"| <ref>{{cite web |title=Chandni |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/chandni/cast/ |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |access-date=6 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200406120148/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/chandni/cast/ |archive-date=6 April 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
!scope="row"| ''[[Kindari Jogi]]''
|Ganga
|Kannada
|
|
|-
!scope="row"| ''[[Vicky Daada]]''
|Sravani
|Telugu
|
|
|-
!scope="row"| ''[[Love Love Love (1989 film)|Love Love Love]]''
|Reema Goswami
| rowspan="11" |Hindi
|
|style="text-align: center;" |<ref name="Chaudhuri2012">{{cite book|author=Chaudhuri, Diptakirti|title=Kitnay Aadmi Thay|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CeVeKRFzEt0C&pg=PT213|year=2012|publisher=Westland|isbn=978-93-81626-19-1|pages=213–220|access-date=6 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170318114234/https://books.google.com/books?id=CeVeKRFzEt0C&pg=PT213|archive-date=18 March 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row"| ''[[Goonj (1989 film)|Goonj]]''
|Sangeeta Kalekar
|
|style="text-align: center;"| <ref>{{cite web |title=Goonj |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/goonj/cast/ |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |date=January 1952 |access-date=6 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200406120223/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/goonj/cast/ |archive-date=6 April 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="6" |1990
!scope="row"| ''[[Swarg]]''
|Jyoti
|
|style="text-align: center;"| <ref>{{cite web |title=Swarg |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/swarg/cast/ |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |date=18 May 1990 |access-date=6 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200406120217/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/swarg/cast/ |archive-date=6 April 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
!scope="row"| ''[[Pratibandh]]''
|Shanti
|Nominated—Filmfare Award for Best Actress
|style="text-align: center;"| <ref>{{cite web |title=Pratibandh |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/pratibandh/cast/ |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |date=28 September 1990 |access-date=6 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200406120218/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/pratibandh/cast/ |archive-date=6 April 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
!scope="row"| ''[[Tum Mere Ho]]''
|Paro
|
|style="text-align: center;" |<ref name="Chaudhuri2012" />
|-
!scope="row"| ''[[Zahreelay]]''
|Chamki
|
|style="text-align: center;"| <ref>{{cite web |title=Zahreelay |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/zahreelay/cast/ |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |date=26 January 1990 |access-date=6 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181227225217/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/zahreelay/cast/ |archive-date=27 December 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
!scope="row"| ''[[Shandaar]]''
|Tulsi
|
|style="text-align: center;"| <ref>{{cite web |title=Shandaar (1990) |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/shandaar/cast/ |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |date=January 1974 |access-date=6 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200406120153/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/shandaar/cast/ |archive-date=6 April 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
!scope="row"| ''[[C.I.D. (1990 film)|C.I.D.]]''
|Raksha Sharma
|
|style="text-align: center;"| <ref>{{cite web |title=C.I.D |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/c-i-d/cast/ |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |date=25 May 1990 |access-date=6 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200406120226/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/c-i-d/cast/ |archive-date=6 April 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="4" |1991
!scope="row"| ''[[Benaam Badsha]]''
|Jyothi
|
|style="text-align: center;"| <ref>{{cite web |title=Benaam Badsha |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/benaam-badsha/cast/ |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |access-date=6 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200406120148/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/benaam-badsha/cast/ |archive-date=6 April 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
!scope="row"| ''[[Karz Chukana Hai]]''
|Radha
|
|style="text-align: center;"| <ref>{{cite web |title=Karz Chukana Hai |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/karz-chukana-hai/cast/ |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |date=26 April 1991 |access-date=6 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200406120210/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/karz-chukana-hai/cast/ |archive-date=6 April 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
!scope="row"| ''[[Bhabhi (1991 film)|Bhabhi]]''
|Asha
|
|style="text-align: center;"| <ref>{{cite web |title=Bhabhi |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/bhabhi-2/cast/ |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |date=23 August 1991 |access-date=6 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200406120143/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/bhabhi-2/cast/ |archive-date=6 April 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Shanti Kranti]]''
|Jyothi
|Kannada Telugu Hindi Tamil
|Filmed in 4 languages (''[[Nattukku Oru Nallavan]])''
|
|-
| rowspan="8" |1992
!scope="row"| ''[[Apan Por]]''
|Swapna
|Bengali
|
|
|-
!scope="row"| ''[[Bol Radha Bol]]''
|Radha
| rowspan="37" |Hindi
|Nominated—Filmfare Award for Best Actress
|style="text-align: center;"| <ref>{{cite web |title=Bol Radha Bol |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/bol-radha-bol/cast/ |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |date=21 August 1992 |access-date=6 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200406120149/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/bol-radha-bol/cast/ |archive-date=6 April 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
!scope="row"| ''[[Radha Ka Sangam]]''
|Radha
|
|style="text-align: center;"| <ref>{{cite web |title=Radha Ka Sangam |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/radha-ka-sangam/cast/ |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |date=July 1992 |access-date=6 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200406120216/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/radha-ka-sangam/cast/ |archive-date=6 April 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
!scope="row"| ''[[Raju Ban Gaya Gentleman]]''
|Renu
|
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/508289|title=Raju Ban Gaya Gentleman|website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]|access-date=6 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140518172352/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/508289|archive-date=18 May 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row"| ''[[Mere Sajana Saath Nibhana]]''
|Janki
|
|style="text-align: center;"| <ref>{{cite web |title=Mere Sajana Saath Nibhana |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/mere-sajana-saath-nibhana/cast/ |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |date=January 1992 |access-date=6 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200406120209/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/mere-sajana-saath-nibhana/cast/ |archive-date=6 April 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
!scope="row"| ''[[Bewaffa Se Waffa]]''
|Rukhsar
|
|style="text-align: center;"| <ref>{{cite web |title=Bewaffa Se Waffa |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/bewaffa-se-wafa/cast/ |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |access-date=6 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200406120219/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/bewaffa-se-wafa/cast/ |archive-date=6 April 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
!scope="row"| ''[[Daulat Ki Jung]]''
|Asha Agrawal
|
|style="text-align: center;"| <ref>{{cite web |title=Daulat Ki Jang (1992) |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/daulat-ki-jung/cast/ |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |date=3 January 1992 |access-date=6 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200406120234/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/daulat-ki-jung/cast/ |archive-date=6 April 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
!scope="row"| ''[[Rishta Ho To Aisa]]''
|Seema
|
|style="text-align: center;"|
|-
| rowspan="9" |1993
!scope="row"| ''[[Lootere]]''
|Anjali
|
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite news|first=Gautam|last=Chintamani|title=Creating a new wave|url=http://www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/Bollywood/2016-08-21/Creating-a-new-wave/249635|access-date=6 March 2019|work=[[The Hans India]]|date=21 August 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180925180825/http://www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/Bollywood/2016-08-21/Creating-a-new-wave/249635|archive-date=25 September 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row"| ''[[Shatranj (1993 film)|Shatranj]]''
|Radha
|
|style="text-align: center;"| <ref>{{cite web |title=Shatranj (1993) |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/shatranj/cast/ |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |date=January 1969 |access-date=6 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180806085356/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/shatranj/cast/ |archive-date=6 August 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
!scope="row"| ''[[Izzat Ki Roti]]''
|Jyoti Prasad
|
|style="text-align: center;"| <ref>{{cite web |title=Izzat Ki Roti (1993) |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/izzat-ki-roti/cast/ |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |date=13 August 1993 |access-date=6 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200406120149/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/izzat-ki-roti/cast/ |archive-date=6 April 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
!scope="row"| ''[[Pehla Nasha]]''
|Herself
|Cameo
| style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{cite web|title=Pehla Nasha (1993)|url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/508327|website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]|access-date=6 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150905151837/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/508327|archive-date=5 September 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row"| ''[[Tadipaar]]''
|Rajkumari
|
|style="text-align: center;"| <ref>{{cite web |title=Tadipaar |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/tadipaar/cast/ |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |date=17 December 1993 |access-date=6 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200406120221/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/tadipaar/cast/ |archive-date=6 April 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
!scope="row"| ''[[Aaina (1993 film)|Aaina]]''
|Reema Mathur
|
|style="text-align: center;"| <ref>{{cite web |title=Aaina (1993) |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/aaina/cast/ |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |date=January 1974 |access-date=6 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200406120154/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/aaina/cast/ |archive-date=6 April 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
!scope="row"| ''[[Hum Hain Rahi Pyaar Ke]]''
|Vyjayanti Iyer
|Won: Filmfare Award for Best Actress
| style="text-align: center;" | <ref>{{cite web |title=Hum Hain Rahi Pyaar Ke (1993) |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/hum-hain-rahi-pyaar-ke/cast/ |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |access-date=6 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200406120158/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/hum-hain-rahi-pyaar-ke/cast/ |archive-date=6 April 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
!scope="row"| ''[[Darr]]''
|Kiran Awasti
|Nominated—Filmfare Award for Best Actress
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/201696|title=Darr|website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]|access-date=6 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140518172237/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/201696|archive-date=18 May 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Bhagyawan]]''
|Geeta
|
| style="text-align: center;" | <ref>{{cite web |title=Bhagyawan (1993) |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/bhagyawan/cast/ |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |date=January 1953 |access-date=6 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200406120201/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/bhagyawan/cast/ |archive-date=6 April 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="8" |1994
! scope="row" | ''[[Kabhi Haan Kabhi Na]]''
|Herself
|Cameo
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/201896|title=Kabhi Haan Kabhi Na|website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]|access-date=6 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140518172339/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/201896|archive-date=18 May 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Eena Meena Deeka (film)|Eena Meena Deeka]]''
|Meena
|
| style="text-align: center;" | <ref>{{cite web |title=Eena Meena Deeka |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/eena-meena-deeka/cast/ |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |date=12 July 1994 |access-date=6 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200406120208/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/eena-meena-deeka/cast/ |archive-date=6 April 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[The Gentleman (1994 film)|The Gentleman]]''
|Roshni
|
| style="text-align: center;" | <ref>{{cite web |title=The Gentleman |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/the-gentleman/cast/ |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |date=18 November 1994 |access-date=6 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200406120210/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/the-gentleman/cast/ |archive-date=6 April 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Andaz (1994 film)|Andaz]]''
|Saraswati
|
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/538790|title=Andaaz|website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]|access-date=6 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160617155501/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/538790|archive-date=17 June 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Andaz Apna Apna]]''
|Herself
|Cameo
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/533169|title=Andaz Apna Apna|website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]|access-date=6 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150906173955/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/533169|archive-date=6 September 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Ghar Ki Izzat (1994 film)|Ghar Ki Izzat]]''
|Geeta
|
| style="text-align: center;" | <ref>{{cite web |title=Ghar Ki Izzat (1994) |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/ghar-ki-izzat/cast/ |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |date=January 1948 |access-date=6 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200406120217/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/ghar-ki-izzat/cast/ |archive-date=6 April 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
!scope="row"| ''[[Paramaatma]]''
|Rajani
|
|style="text-align: center;"| <ref>{{cite web |title=Parmaata (1994) |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/parmaatma/cast/ |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |access-date=6 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200406120151/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/parmaatma/cast/ |archive-date=6 April 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
!scope="row"| ''[[Saajan Ka Ghar]]''
|Laxmi Khanna
|
|style="text-align: center;"| <ref>{{cite web |title=Saajan Ka Ghar (1994) |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/saajan-ka-ghar/cast/ |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |date=January 1948 |access-date=6 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200406120156/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/saajan-ka-ghar/cast/ |archive-date=6 April 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="4" |1995
!scope="row"| ''[[Ram Jaane]]''
|Bela
|
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/201918|title=Ram Jaane|website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]|access-date=6 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140518172313/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/201918|archive-date=18 May 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row"| ''[[Kartavya (1995 film)|Kartavya]]''
|Kajal Sahay
|
|style="text-align: center;"| <ref>{{cite web |title=Kartavya (1995) |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/kartavya/cast/ |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |date=11 May 1979 |access-date=6 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200406120221/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/kartavya/cast/ |archive-date=6 April 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
!scope="row"| ''[[Naajayaz]]''
|Inspector Sandhya
|
|style="text-align: center;"| <ref>{{cite web |title=Naajayaz (1995) |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/naajayaz/cast/ |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |date=17 March 1995 |access-date=6 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200406120157/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/naajayaz/cast/ |archive-date=6 April 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
!scope="row"| ''[[Aatank Hi Aatank]]''
|Sapna
|
|style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{cite web|title=Aatank Hi Aatank (1995)|url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/535185|website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]|access-date=6 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140407095950/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/535185|archive-date=7 April 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="4" |1996
!scope="row"| ''Talaashi''
|Megha
|
|
|-
!scope="row"| ''[[Loafer (1996 film)|Loafer]]''
|Kiran Mathur
|
|style="text-align: center;"| <ref>{{cite web |title=Loafer (1996) |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/Loafer/cast/ |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |date=January 1973 |access-date=6 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200406120201/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/Loafer/cast/ |archive-date=6 April 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
!scope="row"| ''[[Bandish (1996 film)|Bandish]]''
|Sharmila
|
|style="text-align: center;"| <ref>{{cite web |title=Bandish |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/bandish-4/cast/ |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |date=23 February 1996 |access-date=6 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200406120155/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/bandish-4/cast/ |archive-date=6 April 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
!scope="row"| ''[[Daraar (film)|Daraar]]''
|Priya Bhatia
|Nominated—Filmfare Award for Best Actress
|style="text-align: center;"| <ref>{{cite web |title=Daraar (1996) |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/daraar/cast/ |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |date=January 1972 |access-date=6 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200406120154/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/daraar/cast/ |archive-date=6 April 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="4" |1997
!scope="row"| ''[[Yes Boss (film)|Yes Boss]]''
|Seema Kapoor
|Nominated—Filmfare Award for Best Actress
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/538790|title=Yes Boss|website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]|access-date=6 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160617155501/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/538790|archive-date=17 June 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row"| ''[[Ishq (1997 film)|Ishq]]''
|Madhu
|
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/61320|title=Ishq|website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]|access-date=6 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150119012859/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/61320|archive-date=19 January 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row"| ''[[Mr. and Mrs. Khiladi]]''
|Shalu
|
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/parties-and-events/cast-and-crew-at-dvd-launch-of-tamas/|title=Mr. and Mrs. Khiladi|website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]|date=13 August 2011 |access-date=6 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714225409/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/508094/Mr%20And%20Mrs%20Khiladi|archive-date=14 July 2014|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row"| ''[[Deewana Mastana]]''
|Dr Neha Sharma
|
| style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite web |title=Deewana Mastana (1997) |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/533188 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |access-date=6 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140903090655/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/533188 |archive-date=3 September 2014 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="4" |1998
!scope="row"| ''[[Saat Rang Ke Sapne]]''
|Jalima
|
|style="text-align:center;"| <ref>{{cite web |title=Saat Rang Ke Sapne (1998) |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/saat-rang-ke-sapne/cast/ |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |date=20 February 1998 |access-date=6 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190307112326/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/saat-rang-ke-sapne/cast/ |archive-date=7 March 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
!scope="row"| ''[[Harikrishnans]]''
|Mira Varma
|[[Malayalam]]
|
|
|-
!scope="row"| ''[[Duplicate (1998 film)|Duplicate]]''
|Sonia Kapoor
| rowspan="2" |Hindi
|
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/201729|title=Duplicate|website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]|access-date=6 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140518172254/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/201729|archive-date=18 May 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row"| ''[[Jhooth Bole Kauwa Kaate]]''
|Jaya Salgaonkar
|
|style="text-align: center;"| <ref>{{cite web |title=Jhooth Bole Kauwa Kaate (1998) |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/jhoot-bole-kauwa-kate/cast/ |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |date=4 December 1998 |access-date=6 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180408075742/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/jhoot-bole-kauwa-kate/cast/ |archive-date=8 April 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="4" |1999
!scope="row"|''[[James Bond (1999 film)|James Bond]]''
|Baby's mother
|Malayalam
|
|
|-
!scope="row"| ''[[Safari (1999 film)|Safari]]''
|Anjali Agarwal
| rowspan="11" |Hindi
|
|style="text-align: center;"|<ref>{{cite web|title=Safari (1999)|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/safari/cast/|website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]|date=6 November 1999 |access-date=6 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200406120143/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/safari/cast/|archive-date=6 April 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row"| ''[[Arjun Pandit (1999 film)|Arjun Pandit]]''
|Nisha Singh
|
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite web|last1=Verma|first1=Suparn|title=Dumb and dumber|url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/1999/aug/20arjun.htm|work=[[Rediff.com]]|access-date=6 March 2019|date=20 August 1999|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180510212315/http://www.rediff.com/movies/1999/aug/20arjun.htm|archive-date=10 May 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row"| ''[[Shaheed Udham Singh (film)|Shaheed Udham Singh]]''
|Noor Jehan
|
|
|-
| rowspan="3" |2000
!scope="row"| ''[[Gang (film)|Gang]]''
|Sanam
|
|style="text-align: center;"|<ref>{{cite web|title=Gang (2000)|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/gang/cast/|website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]|date=14 April 2000 |access-date=6 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200406120158/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/gang/cast/|archive-date=6 April 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row"| ''[[Karobaar: The Business of Love]]''
|Seema Saxena
|
|style="text-align: center;"|<ref>{{cite web|title=Karobaar (2000)|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/karobaar/cast/|website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]|date=15 September 2000 |access-date=6 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200406120200/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/karobaar/cast/|archive-date=6 April 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row"| ''[[Phir Bhi Dil Hai Hindustani]]''
|Ria Banerjee
|
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/201601|title=Phir Bhi Dil Hai Hindustani|website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]|access-date=6 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140518172256/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/201601|archive-date=18 May 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="3" |2001
!scope="row"| ''[[One 2 Ka 4]]''
|Gita Chaudhry
|
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/201588|title=One 2 Ka 4|website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]|access-date=6 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140518172122/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/201588|archive-date=18 May 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row"| ''[[Ek Rishtaa]]''
|Priti Kapoor
|
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite web|last1=Someshwar |first1=Savera R |title=Movie review: Ek Rishtaa: The Bond of Love |url=http://www.rediff.com/entertai/2001/may/18rish.htm |work=Rediff.com |access-date=6 March 2019 |date=18 May 2001 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924125229/http://www.rediff.com/entertai/2001/may/18rish.htm |archive-date=24 September 2015 }}</ref>
|-
!scope="row"| ''[[Aamdani Atthani Kharcha Rupaiyaa]]''
|Jhoomri
|
| style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{cite web |last=Bhattacharya |first=Priyanka |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/2001/dec/21aam.htm |title=Money for Nothing |work=Rediff.com |date=21 December 2001 |access-date=6 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304075840/http://www.rediff.com/movies/2001/dec/21aam.htm |archive-date=4 March 2016 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| 2002
!scope="row"| ''[[3 Deewarein]]''
|Chandreika
|
|style="text-align: center;"| <ref>{{cite web|title=3 Deewarein: Eminently watchable|url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/2003/aug/01deewar.htm|publisher=Rediff|access-date=6 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160425201902/http://www.rediff.com/movies/2003/aug/01deewar.htm|archive-date=25 April 2016|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| 2003
!scope="row"| ''[[Jhankaar Beats]]''
|Shanti
|
|style="text-align: center;"| <ref>{{cite web|title=Jhankaar Beats|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/jhankaar-beats/cast/|website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]|date=20 June 2003 |access-date=6 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181222021504/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/jhankaar-beats/cast/|archive-date=22 December 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|2004
!scope="row"| ''[[Des Hoya Pardes]]''
|Jassi
|[[Punjabi language|Punjabi]]
|
|
|-
| rowspan="6" |2005
!scope="row"| ''[[My Brother Nikhil]]''
|Avantika
| rowspan="7" |Hindi
|
|style="text-align: center;"| <ref>{{cite web |title=Film review of 'My Brother Nikhil' starring Juhi Chawla, Sanjay Suri |date=11 April 2005 |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/your-week/story/20050411-film-review-of-my-brother-nikhil-starring-juhi-chawla-sanjay-suri-788628-2005-04-11 |publisher=India Today |access-date=6 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200406120142/https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/your-week/story/20050411-film-review-of-my-brother-nikhil-starring-juhi-chawla-sanjay-suri-788628-2005-04-11 |archive-date=6 April 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
!scope="row"| ''[[Paheli (2005 film)|Paheli]]''
|Gajrobai
|
| style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite web |title=Paheli (2005) |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/540117 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |access-date=6 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140303200143/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/540117 |archive-date=3 March 2014 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|-
!scope="row"| ''[[Khamoshh... Khauff Ki Raat]]''
|Dr Sakshi Saagar
| rowspan="2" | Cameo
|
|-
!scope="row"| ''[[Home Delivery: Aapko... Ghar Tak]]''
|Parvati Kakkar
|
|-
!scope="row"| ''[[7½ Phere]]''
|Asmi Ganatra
|
|style="text-align: center;"| <ref>{{cite web |title=7½ Phere |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/7%C2%BD-phere/cast/ |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |access-date=6 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200406120152/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/7%25C2%25BD-phere/cast/ |archive-date=6 April 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
!scope="row"| ''[[Dosti: Friends Forever]]''
|Dr. Aditi Mathur
| Special appearance
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/parties-and-events/cast-and-crew-at-dvd-launch-of-tamas/|title=Dosti: Friends Forever|website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]|date=13 August 2011 |access-date=6 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131110021347/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/534204/Dosti%20-%20Friends%20Forever|archive-date=10 November 2013|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" |2006
!scope="row"| ''[[Bas Ek Pal]]''
|Ira Malhotra
|
|style="text-align: center;"|<ref>{{cite web |title=Bas Ek Pal: About real relationships |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/2006/sep/15bas.htm |last=Vijayan |first=Vipin |work=Rediff.com |date=15 September 2006 |access-date=6 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121108045945/http://www.rediff.com/movies/2006/sep/15bas.htm |archive-date=8 November 2012 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
!scope="row"| ''[[Waris Shah: Ishq Daa Waaris]]''
|Bhaagbhari
|Punjabi
|
|
|-
| rowspan="3" |2007
!scope="row"| ''[[Salaam-e-Ishq: A Tribute To Love]]''
|Seema
| rowspan="8" |Hindi
|
| style="text-align: center;" | <ref>{{cite web |title=Salaam-e-Ishq (2007) |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/531137 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |access-date=6 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141214095724/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/531137 |archive-date=14 December 2014 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|-
!scope="row"| ''[[Swami (2007 film)|Swami]]''
|Radha
|
| style="text-align:center;"| <ref>{{cite web|title=Swami is sweet and simple|url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/2007/jun/08swami.htm|publisher=Rediff|access-date=6 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181015161612/http://www.rediff.com/movies/2007/jun/08swami.htm|archive-date=15 October 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row"| ''[[Om Shanti Om]]''
|Herself
|Special appearance in the song "Deewangi Deewangi"
| style="text-align: center;" | <ref>{{cite web |title=Om Shanti Om (2008) |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/54373 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |access-date=6 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141025045139/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/54373 |archive-date=25 October 2014 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="3" |2008
!scope="row"| ''[[Bhootnath]]''
|Anjali Chopra
|
| style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite web |title=Bhoothnath (2008) |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/538475 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |access-date=6 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140902130116/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/538475 |archive-date=2 September 2014 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|-
!scope="row"| ''[[Krazzy 4]]''
|Dr. Sonali
|
| style="text-align:center;"| <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india/juhi-chawla-meets-her-match-in-krazzy-4/story-wL7AY4drUSOh17f6E8AGHP.html|title=Juhi Chawla meets her match in Krazzy 4|access-date=6 March 2019|date=9 April 2008|work=Hindustan Times|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200406120142/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india/juhi-chawla-meets-her-match-in-krazzy-4/story-wL7AY4drUSOh17f6E8AGHP.html|archive-date=6 April 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row"| ''[[Kismat Konnection]]''
|Haseena Bano Jaan
|
|style="text-align:center;"| <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sify.com/movies/review.php?id=14719095&ctid=5&cid=2425|title=Review 2: Kismat Konnection|last=Chopra|first=Sonia|website=[[Sify]]|access-date=6 March 2019|date=18 July 2008}}{{dead link|date=September 2022|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" |2009
!scope="row"| ''[[Luck By Chance]]''
|Minty Rolly
|
| style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/holnus/009200901211083.htm|title=Juhi Chawla dons blonde look for 'Luck By Chance'|access-date=6 March 2019|date=21 January 2009|work=The Hindu|location=Chennai, India|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121104082633/http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/holnus/009200901211083.htm|archive-date=4 November 2012|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row"| ''[[Kal Kissne Dekha]]''
|Herself
|Cameo
|
|-
| rowspan="3" |2010
!scope="row"| ''[[Sukhmani – Hope for Life]]''
|Kuldeep Singh's wife
|Punjabi
|Punjabi film
|
|-
!scope="row"| ''[[Ramayana: The Epic]]''
|[[Sita]] (voice)
| rowspan="9" |Hindi
|
|
|-
!scope="row"|''[[Lafangey Parindey]]''
|Judge
|Special appearance
|style="text-align: center;"|<ref>{{cite web |title=Lafangey Parindey (2010) |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/536234 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |access-date=6 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150401153716/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/536234 |archive-date=1 April 2015 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|-
|2011
!scope="row"| ''[[I Am (2010 Indian film)|I Am]]''
|Megha
|Nominated—[[Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actress]]
| style="text-align:center;"|<ref>[http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movies/review/14128/index.html I Am (2011) | Movie Review, Trailers, Music Videos, Songs, Wallpapers] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111117151837/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movies/review/14128/index.html |date=17 November 2011 }}. Bollywood Hungama (29 April 2011). Retrieved on 2019-03-06.</ref>
|-
| rowspan="3" |2012
!scope="row"| ''[[Krishna Aur Kans]]''
|[[Yashoda]] (voice)
|
|
|-
!scope="row"| ''[[Main Krishna Hoon]]''
|Kantaben
|
|
|-
!scope="row"| ''[[Son of Sardaar]]''
|Parmeet Kaur
|
| style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite news|last1=Sharma |first1=Sanjukta |title=Film Review: Son of Sardaar |url=http://www.livemint.com/Leisure/3GAjK73v3Bb4fNRLRKcuXK/Film-Review--Son-of-Sardar.html |access-date=12 February 2015 |work=[[Mint (newspaper)|Mint]] |publisher=[[HT Media]] |date=12 November 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150212163532/http://www.livemint.com/Leisure/3GAjK73v3Bb4fNRLRKcuXK/Film-Review--Son-of-Sardar.html |archive-date=12 February 2015 }}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" |2013
!scope="row"| ''[[Bombay Talkies (film)|Bombay Talkies]]''
| Herself
| Special appearance in the song "[[Apna Bombay Talkies]]" || style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{cite news| last=Shome-Ray| first=Aditi| url=http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-aamir-khan-shah-rukh-khan-and-madhuri-dixit-come-together-for-special-song-in-bombay-talkies-1827229| title=Aamir Khan, Shah Rukh Khan and Madhuri Dixit come together for special song in 'Bombay Talkies'| date=26 April 2013| access-date=6 March 2019| newspaper=Daily News and Analysis| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140407091659/http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-aamir-khan-shah-rukh-khan-and-madhuri-dixit-come-together-for-special-song-in-bombay-talkies-1827229| archive-date=7 April 2014| url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row"| ''[[Hum Hai Raahi Car Ke]]''
|Dr. Vaijayanti Iyer
|Cameo appearance
|
|-
| rowspan="3" |2014
!scope="row"| ''[[Gulaab Gang]]''
|Sumitra Devi Bagrecha
|Nominated—Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actress
| style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite news|last1=Gupta |first1=Shubhra |title=Film review: 'Gulab Gang' is actually the old-style good vs evil story |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/film-review-gulab-gang-is-actually-the-old-style-good-vs-evil-story/ |work=[[The Indian Express]] |date=8 March 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150525204120/http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/film-review-gulab-gang-is-actually-the-old-style-good-vs-evil-story/ |archive-date=25 May 2015 }}</ref>
|-
!scope="row"| ''Dil Vil Pyar Vyar''
|Herself
|Punjabi
| Cameo
|
|-
!scope="row"| ''[[The Hundred-Foot Journey (film)|The Hundred-Foot Journey]]''
|Ammi Mama Kadam
| rowspan="2" |Hindi
| Cameo
|
|-
| 2016
!scope="row"| ''[[Chalk n Duster]]''
| Jyoti
|
|style="text-align:center;"| <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/movie-reviews/chalk-n-duster-review-very-dramatic-and-very-effective/story-d0k7oNLtp1rJuqKCWZ0b9H.html|title=Chalk N Duster review: It's a well told ethics versus greed story|date=15 January 2016 |access-date=6 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180815114445/https://www.hindustantimes.com/movie-reviews/chalk-n-duster-review-very-dramatic-and-very-effective/story-d0k7oNLtp1rJuqKCWZ0b9H.html|archive-date=15 August 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| 2017
!scope="row"| ''[[Pushpaka Vimana (2016 film)|Pushpaka Vimana]]''
|Herself
|Kannada
| rowspan="3" | Cameo
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |2018
!scope="row"| [[Ventilator (Gujarati film)|''Ventilator'']]
|Doctor
|[[Gujarati language|Gujarati]]
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{cite news| url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/juhi-chawla-to-give-gujarati-twist-to-priyanka-chopras-ventilator/articleshow/63855991.cms| title=Juhi Chawla to give Gujarati twist to Priyanka Chopra's 'Ventilator'| access-date=6 March 2019}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row"| ''[[Zero (2018 film)|Zero]]''
|Herself
|Hindi
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/juhi-chawla-shah-rukh-khan-dwarf-film-1093173-2017-11-24| title=Juhi Chawla is making a cameo in Shah Rukh Khan's dwarf film| access-date=6 March 2019| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200406120141/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/juhi-chawla-shah-rukh-khan-dwarf-film-1093173-2017-11-24| archive-date=6 April 2020| url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2"|2019
!scope="row"| ''[[Ek Ladki Ko Dekha Toh Aisa Laga]]''
| Chatro
|Hindi
|
|style="text-align:center;"| <ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/juhi-chawla-on-ek-ladki-ko-dekha-toh-aisa-laga-weve-told-an-unfamiliar-story-in-a-very-familiar-way-6006471.html| title=Juhi Chawla on Ek Ladki Ko Dekha Toh Aisa Laga: We've told an unfamiliar story in a very familiar way| access-date=6 March 2019| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200406121644/https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/juhi-chawla-on-ek-ladki-ko-dekha-toh-aisa-laga-weve-told-an-unfamiliar-story-in-a-very-familiar-way-6006471.html| archive-date=6 April 2020| url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''Very Good 10/10''
| Herself
|Kannada
| Cameo
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{Cite news|title=Juhi Chawla makes her singing debut in Kannada with her next film - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/juhi-chawla-makes-her-singing-debut-in-kannada-with-her-next-film/articleshow/58910654.cms|access-date=2021-08-13|website=The Times of India|date=31 May 2017|language=en|archive-date=13 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210813094052/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/juhi-chawla-makes-her-singing-debut-in-kannada-with-her-next-film/articleshow/58910654.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|2022
! scope="row" | ''[[Sharmaji Namkeen]]''
| Veena Manchanda
| rowspan="2" |Hindi
|
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/rishi-kapoor-to-start-shooting-for-next-film-with-juhi-chawla-2411985.html|title=Rishi Kapoor to Start Shooting for Next Film With Juhi Chawla|access-date=24 January 2020|website=News 18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191205201926/https://www.news18.com/amp/news/movies/rishi-kapoor-to-start-shooting-for-next-film-with-juhi-chawla-2411985.html|archive-date=5 December 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| 2023
! scope="row" | ''[[Friday Night Plan]]''
| Mrs. Menon
|
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/juhi-chawla-babil-khan-amrith-jayan-star-friday-night-plan-set-release-september-1-netflix/|title=Juhi Chawla, Babil Khan and Amrith Jayan to star in Friday Night Plan, set to release on September 1 on Netflix|access-date=4 August 2023|website=Bollywood Hungama|archive-date=4 August 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230804055312/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/juhi-chawla-babil-khan-amrith-jayan-star-friday-night-plan-set-release-september-1-netflix/|url-status=live}}</ref>
|}

== Producer ==

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year
! Film
! Co-producer
! class="unsortable"|Ref.
|-
| 2000
| ''[[Phir Bhi Dil Hai Hindustani]]''
|[[Shah Rukh Khan]]
|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/Movies/movie_detail/phir_bhi_dil_hai_hindustani#.Vb3EeNyqqkp|title=Phir Bhi Dil Hai Hindustani Total Collection|work=Box Office India|date=22 July 2015|access-date=20 August 2016|archive-date=23 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923230606/http://www.boxofficeindia.com/Movies/movie_detail/phir_bhi_dil_hai_hindustani#.Vb3EeNyqqkp|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
| 2001
| ''[[Asoka (2001 film)|Asoka]]''
| [[Gauri Khan]]
|<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/2001/oct/24mkt.htm |title=Hype 'n' Hoopla |access-date=31 December 2008 |author=Chhabra, Aseem |date=24 October 2001 |work=Rediff.com |archive-date=30 June 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090630033853/http://www.rediff.com/movies/2001/oct/24mkt.htm |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| 2003
| ''[[Chalte Chalte (2003 film)|Chalte Chalte]]''
| Shah Rukh Khan and [[Aziz Mirza]]
|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/Movies/movie_detail/chalte_chalte#.VbigX55Vikp|title=Chalte Chalte Box office|work=Box Office India|date=22 July 2015|access-date=22 July 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150807231055/http://boxofficeindia.com/Movies/movie_detail/kal_ho_naa_ho#.VbigX55Vikp|archive-date=7 August 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|}

== Television ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year
! Title
! Role
! Notes
! class="unsortable"| Ref.
|-
|1986
|''Bahadur Shah Zafar''
|Nur Jahan
|
|style="text-align: center;"|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/soaps/story/debashree-roy-to-varsha-usgaonkar-film-stars-who-made-their-tv-debut-in-br-chopra-s-mahabharat-1674951-2020-05-06|title=Debashree Roy to Varsha Usgaonkar, film stars who made their TV debut in BR Chopra's Mahabharat|first1=Amit|last1=Tyagi|date=May 6, 2020|website=India Today|access-date=31 December 2020|archive-date=20 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210520165352/https://www.indiatoday.in/television/soaps/story/debashree-roy-to-varsha-usgaonkar-film-stars-who-made-their-tv-debut-in-br-chopra-s-mahabharat-1674951-2020-05-06|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|1995
|''[[Mahashakti]]''
|Kanchan
|
|style="text-align: center;"|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/tv/i-m-not-going-to-be-a-cadbury-chocolate/story-KCsyemhC7mGJ7VhGaxpTWJ.html|title='I'm not going to be a Cadbury chocolate'|date=16 February 2009|website=Hindustan Times}}</ref>
|-
|2009
|''[[Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa season 3|Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa]]''
|Judge
|Season 3
|style="text-align: center;"| <ref>{{cite web|title=Jhalak Dikhlaa Jaa Judges|url=http://jhalakdikhhlajaa.sify.com/judges/juhichawla/|url-status=dead|access-date=6 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090310232744/http://jhalakdikhhlajaa.sify.com/judges/juhichawla/|archive-date=10 March 2009}}</ref>
|-
|2011
|''Badmaash Company- Ek Shararat Hone Ko Hai''
|Host
|
|style="text-align: center;"| <ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/slide-show/slide-show-1-interview-with-juhi-chawla/20110923.htm|title=Juhi Chawla: Badmash Company is a sunshine kinda show|date=23 September 2011|access-date=6 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190306235324/https://www.rediff.com/movies/slide-show/slide-show-1-interview-with-juhi-chawla/20110923.htm|archive-date=6 March 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| 2017
| ''[[The Test Case (web series)|The Test Case]]''
| Shraddha Pandit
| Cameo
|style="text-align: center;"|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-check-out-the-poster-of-nimrat-kaur-s-web-series-the-test-case-2382479|title=Check out the poster of Nimrat Kaur's web series 'The Test Case'|access-date=25 November 2017|website=DNA India|archive-date=7 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170907110435/http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-check-out-the-poster-of-nimrat-kaur-s-web-series-the-test-case-2382479|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|2022
|''[[Hush Hush (TV series)|Hush Hush]]''
|Isha 'Ishi' Sangamitra
|
|style="text-align: center;"|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/web-series/hush-hush-juhi-chawla-ayesha-jhulka-to-make-digital-debut-with-amazon-prime-series-7219305/|title=Hush Hush: Juhi Chawla and Ayesha Jhulka to make digital debut with the Amazon Prime series|access-date=28 March 2021|work=Indian Express|date=8 March 2021 |archive-date=30 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230130081558/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/web-series/hush-hush-juhi-chawla-ayesha-jhulka-to-make-digital-debut-with-amazon-prime-series-7219305/|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|2023
|''[[The Railway Men]]''
| Rajeshwari Janglay
|
|style="text-align: center;"|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/binge-watch/story/the-railway-men-trailer-madhavan-kay-kay-menon-divyenndu-sharma-babil-khan-2458683-2023-11-06|title='The Railway Men' trailer promises riveting tale on heroes of Bhopal gas tragedy|access-date=15 November 2023|work=India Today|date=6 November 2023 |archive-date=15 November 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231115124253/https://www.indiatoday.in/binge-watch/story/the-railway-men-trailer-madhavan-kay-kay-menon-divyenndu-sharma-babil-khan-2458683-2023-11-06|url-status=live}}</ref>
|}

== Notes ==
{{notelist}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== See also ==
* [[List of awards and nominations received by Juhi Chawla]]

== External links ==
* {{IMDb name|0004487|Juhi Chawla}}

{{Portal bar|Bollywood|Film|Media}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Chawla, Juhi}}
[[Category:Indian filmographies]]
[[Category:Actress filmographies]]

Sea skimming

2026-03-11T01:19:47Z

Yogiindia: small changes

{{Short description|Missile flight technique}}
{{see also|Nap-of-the-earth}}
[[File:US Navy 051009-N-7559C-001 The Navy's Flight Demonstration team, the Blue Angels lead solo, performs the sneak pass.jpg|thumb|A US Navy [[Blue Angels]] pilot demonstrates sea skimming technique in a "sneak pass". The image shows a condensation cloud from a high-speed shockwave. (2005)]]
'''Sea skimming''' is a technique many [[anti-ship missile]]s and some fighter or strike aircraft use to avoid [[radar]] and [[infrared detector|infrared detection]] and to lower the probability of being shot down during their approach to the target.

== Method ==
[[File:Mansup (13-09-2024).gif|thumb|The Brazilian anti-ship missile [[MANSUP]] adopts sea skimming flight profile after launch]]
Sea-skimming anti-ship missiles try to fly as low as is practically achievable, which is almost always below 50 meters (150 [[Foot (length)|ft]]), and is often near 2 meters (6 ft). When under attack, a warship can detect sea-skimming missiles only after they appear over the horizon (about 28 to 46 km from the ship), allowing about 25 to 60 seconds of warning.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.missilethreat.com/cruise/pageID.1736/default.asp |title=MissileThreat :: Glossary for Cruise Missiles |accessdate=2012-05-18 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120505050941/http://www.missilethreat.com/cruise/pageID.1736/default.asp |archivedate=2012-05-05 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ausairpower.net/ascms.pdf |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2006-08-10 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060820230233/http://ausairpower.net/ascms.pdf |archivedate=2006-08-20 }}</ref>

== Advantages ==
By flying low to the sea, missiles decrease the range at which the target ships can detect them by a significant amount. Flying at a lower altitude increases the amount of time the missile is under the horizon from the perspective of the target ship, making it harder to detect due to [[Radar#Clutter|radar clutter]] from the sea and similar effects. The real-life success of sea skimming depends on its exact implementation, the sophistication of the detection equipment, as well as the infrared and [[Radar cross-section|radar signature]] of the missile. Sea skimming can significantly reduce the available response time that a ship's [[missile defense]]s have to work within, making these missiles significantly harder to defend against. Sea skimming can also increase the range of a missile, by relying on [[Ground effect in aircraft|ground effects]].

== Disadvantages ==
The use of sea skimming increases the risk of water impact by the missile before reaching the target due to weather conditions, [[rogue wave]]s, [[software bug]]s and other factors. Sea skimming also hinders [[target acquisition]], as many of the principles that hinder the target's detection of the missile also hinder the missile's detection of the target. Sea skimming involves a significant computational load, increasing the required processing power and cost.

== Possible defenses ==
Several systems are capable of defeating sea skimming weapons.<ref>{{cite web |author=Douglas R. Ousborne |title=SHIP SELF-DEFENSE AGAINST AIR THREATS |url=https://www.jhuapl.edu/Content/techdigest/pdf/V14-N02/14-02-Ousborne.pdf |accessdate=19 October 2022 |publisher=[[Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory]]}}</ref>

=== Gun-based CIWS ===
{{main|Close-in weapon system}}

=== Missile-based CIWS ===
{{further|Close-in weapon system#Missile systems}}

=== Chaff ===
{{main|Chaff (countermeasure)}}

=== ECM ===
{{main|Electronic countermeasure}}

== Use in major wars ==
French-made [[Exocet]] missiles were used by [[Argentina]] in the [[Falklands War]] (including the mortal wounding of [[HMS Sheffield (D80)|HMS ''Sheffield'']]) and by Iraq against [[USS Stark|USS ''Stark'']] in the Persian Gulf during the [[Iran–Iraq War]]. The Argentinian pilots of the [[Dassault-Breguet Super Étendard|Super Étendard]] planes that attacked [[HMS Sheffield (D80)|HMS ''Sheffield'']] were also skimming the sea at very low level. They increased their altitude only for a very short period to get final target information for the attack with their Agave radars. During the [[2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine]], two Ukrainian-made [[R-360 Neptune]] sea-skimming cruise missiles were claimed to have struck and sank the [[Russian cruiser Moskva]].

== See also ==

* [[Lofting (missile)|Lofting]] (Missile technique)

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Anti-ship missiles]]
[[Category:Low flying]]
[[Category:Types of missile]]
[[Category:Naval warfare]]

Janmabhoomi (1936 film)

2026-03-07T07:08:17Z

Yogiindia: fix lead for consistency and improved wording per standard format

{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Janmabhoomi
| image = Janmabhoomi film.jpg

| caption = ''Janmabhoomi''
| director = [[Franz Osten]]
| producer = [[Himanshu Rai]]
| writer = [[Niranjan Pal]] J. S. Kashyap (dialogue)
| screenplay =
| story =
| based_on = 
| starring = [[Devika Rani]] [[Ashok Kumar]]
| music = [[Saraswati Devi (music director)|Saraswati Devi]]
| cinematography = [[Josef Wirsching]]
| editing =
| studio = [[Bombay Talkies]]
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|1936}}
| runtime =
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| budget =
| gross =
}}
[[File:Janmabhoomi, 1936.webm|thumb|x220px|''Janmabhoomi'']]

'''''Janmabhoomi''''' ({{langx|en|Land of Birth}}) is a [[List of Bollywood films of 1936|1936]] Indian [[Hindi]]-language film directed by [[Franz Osten]] and starring [[Devika Rani]] and [[Ashok Kumar]] in the lead roles. Music of the film was by [[Saraswati Devi (music director)|Saraswati Devi]], who had worked extensively with [[Bombay Talkies]].

==Synopsis==
Protima Devi (Devika Rani) is in love with Dr. Ajoy Kumar Ghosh (Ashok Kumar), whom she has already accepted as her husband even though they are not married. Ajoy is living in a village where he is the only doctor.

Inspired by the death of a friend, Ajoy decides to devote his life serving his native village (a metaphor for [[Indian independence movement|serving the country]]). Dedicated to the cause, Ajoy decides to renounce all worldly pleasures, including his love. Protima gets a rude shock when Ajoy writes to her urging her to forget him. Determined not to give up easily, she sets off to the village, where she discovers that Ajoy is out to improve the lives of the villagers.

Ajoy attempts at enlightening the villagers against blind faith and achieving unity by breaking down [[Caste system in India|caste]] barriers brings him in direct conflict with the old order, represented by the hedonistic [[zamindar]], his assistant Sanatan (P. F. Pithawala), the village [[Hindu priest|priest]], and the village [[moneylender]]. Together, the four band together to discredit Ajoy in the eyes of the villagers.

After several failed attempts, the wily Sanatan dreams up a diabolical conspiracy to get rid of the vacillating Zamindar and replace him with his drunkard, hedonistic nephew (Mumtaz Ali), who will prove more pliable. The zamindar is poisoned under circumstances that point to Dr. Ajoy's involvement, resulting in his imprisonment.

The doctor's report establishes that the Zamindar died due to [[arsenic poisoning]]. Further investigation reveals that Sanatan had purchased arsenic from a chemist shop in a nearby town. Suspicion automatically turns to Sanatan, who is apprehended. Under interrogation he confesses to his crime. Ajoy is released with his name and reputation intact, free to carry on with his reforming ways.

==Cast==
{{unreferenced section|date=August 2023}}
;Main Cast
*[[Devika Rani]] as Protima
*[[Ashok Kumar]] as Ramchandra
*Kamta Prasad as Panditji
*Chandraprabha as Pagli
*Sunita Devi
*[[Mumtaz Ali]]
*[[P. F. Pithawala]] as Sanatan
*[[Esther Victoria Abraham|Pramila]]
;Supported by
*Jhaverbhai Kaiser as The Zamindar
*N. M.Joshi
*Ahteramuddin
*D. A. Kamat
*H. S. Naik
*Madhurika
*Khosla
*Ishrat
*Talwar

==Legacy==
Released during the [[Indian independence movement]], Janmabhoomi was the first patriotic movie in the history of Hindi cinema.<ref>{{Cite web |last=दुबे |first=स्नेहा |date=2024-08-11 |title=हिंदी सिनेमा की पहली देशभक्ति फिल्म कौन सी है? अंग्रेज ने बनाई थी ये मूवी, जानें नाम |url=https://www.abplive.com/entertainment/bollywood/first-hindi-patriotic-movie-was-janmabhoomi-1936-directed-by-franz-osten-ashok-kumar-lead-actor-2758741 |access-date=2025-01-30 |website=www.abplive.com |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=9 October 2023 |title=Bombay Cinema and the Freedom Struggle |url=https://cmsadmin.amritmahotsav.nic.in/district-reopsitory-detail.htm?25127 |website=amritmahotsav.nic.in}}</ref>

It was also the first ever Hindi movie to have an explicitly nationalistic song: "Jai Jai Janani Janmabhoomi" (Hail the land of our birth), written by Jamuna Swarup Cassyap.{{Sfn|Pauwels|2007|p=207}} The song was extremely popular song in its era{{citation needed|date=April 2018}} and inspired freedom struggles.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mankotia |first=Ajay |date=2020-08-14 |title=How Did Indian Movies and Songs Inspire Our Freedom Struggle? |url=https://www.thequint.com/entertainment/indian-cinema/indian-independence-day-freedom-struggle-gandhi-netaji-hindi-patriotic-films-songs-british-rule |access-date=2025-01-30 |website=TheQuint |language=en}}</ref>

A tune from the film was utilised by the [[BBC]] as a signature tune for its "Indian News Service".{{Sfn|Ranade|2006|p=114}}{{Sfn|Ranchan|2014|p=40}}

==References==

===Citations===
{{Reflist}}

===Sources===
{{refbegin}}
*{{cite book|last=Ranade|first=Ashok Da.|title=Hindi Film Song: Music Beyond Boundaries|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZI1wqkWsIjYC|year=2006|publisher=Bibliophile South Asia|isbn=978-81-85002-64-4}}
*{{cite book|last=Ranchan|first=Vijay|title=Story of a Bollywood Song|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=p3h2AgAAQBAJ|year=2014|publisher=Abhinav Publications|id=GGKEY:9E306RZQTQ7}}
* {{cite book|first=Heidi R. M. |last=Pauwels|title=Indian Literature and Popular Cinema: Recasting Classics|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OAI0scTDAjIC&pg=PA207|year=2007|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-134-06255-3}}
{{refend}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Janmabhoomi (1936 film)|Janmabhoomi}}

* {{IMDb title|0027815}}
*[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cgU9yYq9Jes Full movie on YouTube]

{{Franz Osten}}
[[Category:1936 Hindi-language films]]
[[Category:Articles containing video clips]]
[[Category:Films about landlords]]
[[Category:Films about medical doctors]]
[[Category:Films about poisonings]]
[[Category:Films about social issues in India]]
[[Category:Films about the caste system in India]]
[[Category:Films directed by Franz Osten]]
[[Category:Films set in the Indian independence movement]]
[[Category:Films à clef]]
[[Category:Indian black-and-white films]]
[[Category:Indian musical drama films]]
[[Category:Indian patriotic songs]]
[[Category:Indian romantic musical films]]
[[Category:Bombay Talkies films]]

{{1930s-Hindi-film-stub}}

Thirumanam Enum Nikkah

2026-03-03T03:30:08Z

Yogiindia: adding some data basic info!

{{Short description|2014 Indian film by Anis}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| image = Thirumanam ennum nikkah.jpg
| caption = Poster
| director = Anis
| producer = [[V. Ravichandran (film producer)|V. Ravichandran]]
| writer = Anis
| starring = [[Jai (actor)|Jai]] [[Nazriya Nazim]]
| music = [[Ghibran]]
| cinematography = [[Loganathan Srinivasan]]
| editing = [[Kasi Viswanathan|M. Kasi Vishwanathan]]
| studio = [[Aascar Films]]
| distributor =
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2014|07|24}}
| runtime = 133 minutes
| country = India
| language = Tamil
| budget =
| gross =
}}
'''''Thirumanam Ennum Nikkah''''' ({{translation|Marriage a.k.a. [[Marriage in Islam|Nikkah]]}}) is a 2014 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[romance film]] written directed by newcomer Anis and produced by [[V. Ravichandran (film producer)|V. Ravichandran]] of [[Aascar Films]]. The film stars [[Jai (actor)|Jai]] and [[Nazriya Nazim]] in the lead roles, while [[Hebah Patel]], Jamal, [[Dinesh Gopalsamy]], and [[Deekshitha Manikkam]] play supporting roles. The music was composed by [[Ghibran]] with cinematography done by [[Loganathan Srinivasan]] and editing by Kasi Vishwanath. The film released on 24 July 2014 on the eve of [[Eid-ul Fitr]].

==Plot==
Vijayraghavachari and Vishnupriya are travelling in the train from Chennai to [[Coimbatore]] under the identities Abu Bakar and Aayisha. Raghava acquires the identity of Abu as he gets a ticket reserved in that name, and Vishnupriya acquires the identity of Aayisha as she is impersonating her Muslim friend with the same name for a project. Raghava helps Vishnupriya from a [[Stalking|stalker]] and in course falls in love with her. She too develops feelings for him. Back in Chennai, they start to get to know each other. They assume that the other person is a Muslim, but soon, Vishnupriya feels guilty and asks Raghava to keep away from her. Saddened by this, Raghava meets an Unani doctor named Showkhat Ali and learns about [[Islam]] just for Priya's sake. Showkhat's daughter Naseema falls in love with Raghava, assuming him to be Abu. On the day of Ramzan, Vishnupriya confesses her love to Raghava, and they start a relationship. Under certain circumstances, they both come to know about their true identities. Though their family arranges their [[marriage]], they feel that they had true love only for their Muslim counterparts. On the day of their marriage, they break up and move away. Meanwhile, Naseema learns of Raghava's marriage, and her cousin Ashraff plans for revenge. Raghava and Vishnupriya attend Vishnupriya's friend Aayisha's marriage, and they feel that they still had feelings for each other. As Raghava leaves the venue, Ashraff and his friends beat him up. Naseema stops them and confesses that she had been the one who had been at fault rather than Raghava. Vishnupriya notices the brawl, realizes her love, and hugs Raghava. Finally, they both get married.

==Cast==
{{cast listing|
* [[Jai (actor)|Jai]] as Vijayraghavan Chari aka Abu Bakar
* [[Nazriya Nazim]] as Vishnupriya Iyengar aka Ayesha
* [[Hebah Patel]] as Naseema
* Jamal as Showkhat Ali
* [[Dinesh Gopalsamy]] as Ashraf
* [[Deekshitha Manikkam]] as Aayisha
* [[Pandiarajan]] as Roshan Kumar
* Hari Gopinath as Mansoor
* [[Gadam Kishan]] as Padmanabha Chari
* Badri Narayanan as Sarangan
* [[Mayilsamy]]
* Walter Philips as Madhavan
* [[Nassar (actor)|Nassar]] in a cameo appearance
}}

==Production==

=== Development ===
In February 2012, producer [[V. Ravichandran (film producer)|V. Ravichandran]] of [[Aascar Films]] signed debutant Anis to direct a project titled ''Thirumanam Enum Nikkah'' with [[Jai (actor)|Jai]] and [[Samantha Akkineni|Samantha]] being announced as the lead cast. However Samantha's busy schedules led to [[Nazriya Nazim]] replacing her in October 2012 to play the lead role.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2012-11-13 |title=Nazriya bags her next in Kollywood |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/regional/malayalam/news-and-interviews/Nazriya-bags-her-next-in-Kollywood/articleshow/17193943.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131111230929/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-11-13/news-and-interviews/35068151_1_nazriya-nazim-neram-malayalam-films |archive-date=2013-11-11 |access-date=2015-01-17 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> It was Nazriya's first Tamil film she signed though all her other Tamil ventures ''[[Neram]]'', ''[[Raja Rani (2013 film)|Raja Rani]]'', ''[[Naiyaandi]]'' and ''[[Vaayai Moodi Pesavum]]'' ended up releasing earlier.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Like to do roles that relate to people: Nazriya |url=http://badhil.com/like-to-do-roles-that-relate-to-people-nazriya/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130628020219/http://badhil.com/like-to-do-roles-that-relate-to-people-nazriya/ |archive-date=28 June 2013 |access-date=24 June 2013 |publisher=Badhil}}</ref> It was reported that the film will tell about the romance between two main characters of two different religious backgrounds, with Jai and Nazriya playing IT professionals in the film.<ref name=":0" />

[[Hebah Patel]], who had worked only as a model in commercials, was selected to play the other female lead.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2013-05-07 |title=Jai was very supportive: Heebah Patel |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/regional/tamil/news-interviews/Jai-was-very-supportive-Heebah-Patel/articleshow/19912745.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131028081809/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-05-07/news-interviews/39089790_1_jai-first-film-thirumanam-ennum-nikkah |archive-date=2013-10-28 |access-date=2015-01-17 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> Deekshitha Manikkam, runner up of the Miss South India 2013, was signed up to play the pivotal character of Nazriya's friend in the film.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Nikhil Raghavan |date=2013-11-11 |title=Shotcuts: One step at a time |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/cinema-columns/shotcuts-one-step-at-a-time/article5339138.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131114031023/http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/cinema-columns/shotcuts-one-step-at-a-time/article5339138.ece |archive-date=14 November 2013 |access-date=2015-01-17 |website=The Hindu}}</ref> Anis' mentor and actor [[Nassar (actor)|Nassar]] signed in for a cameo appearance in the film.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Gupta |first=Rinku |title='TEN is About Unity in Diversity' |url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/TEN-is-About-Unity-in-Diversity/2014/05/18/article2228972.ece1 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140521155637/http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/TEN-is-About-Unity-in-Diversity/2014/05/18/article2228972.ece1 |archive-date=21 May 2014 |access-date=2015-01-17 |publisher=The New Indian Express}}</ref>

=== Filming ===
Principal shooting of the film began in February 2012 in [[Chennai]]. The film was subsequently shot in ten-day schedules in periods during October and November. Scenes of actual Hindu and Muslim festivals like [[Golu (festive)|Golu]] at the Sri Adikesava Perumal Temple in [[Sriperumbudur]] and [[Avani Avittam]] as well as [[Ramadan]] in [[Malabar region|Malabar]] and [[Muharram]] in Hyderabad were captured for the film. The director explained that waiting till the actual ceremonies took place during the year added to the delay in shooting.<ref name=":1" /> After completing schedules in [[Kozhikode]] and Chennai, the makers headed to Hyderabad for the final schedule of the film, with combination scenes featuring Jai and Nazriya.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Jai's 'Thirumanam Ennum Nikka' nearing completion |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/jais-thirumanam-ennum-nikka-nearing-completion/articleshow/19122000.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210603095214/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/jais-thirumanam-ennum-nikka-nearing-completion/articleshow/19122000.cms |archive-date=3 June 2021 |access-date=2021-06-03 |work=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Jai's next nears completion |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/jais-next-nears-completion/articleshow/19396772.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210603191722/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/jais-next-nears-completion/articleshow/19396772.cms |archive-date=3 June 2021 |access-date=2021-06-03 |work=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref> The shooting of the film was wrapped in July 2013.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Jai wraps Thirumanam Ennum Nikkah |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/jai-wraps-thirumanam-ennum-nikkah/articleshow/21528104.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210603095211/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/jai-wraps-thirumanam-ennum-nikkah/articleshow/21528104.cms |archive-date=3 June 2021 |access-date=2021-06-03 |work=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref>

==Soundtrack==
{{Main|Thirumanam Enum Nikkah (soundtrack)}}

The film's score and six-song soundtrack were composed by [[M. Ghibran|Ghibran]], with lyrics written by Kadhal Mathi, Munna Shaoukat Ali, [[Karthik Netha]], [[Parvathy (lyricist)|Parvathy]], Thenmozhi and Nizami Brothers. The album was released as a soft launch on 15 December 2013 at [[Sathyam cinemas|Sathyam Cinemas]] in [[Chennai]] with the film's cast and crew being present.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Thirumanam Ennum Nikkah audio release date |url=https://www.moviecrow.com/News/3454/thirumanam-ennum-nikkah-audio-release-date |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210603095212/https://www.moviecrow.com/News/3454/thirumanam-ennum-nikkah-audio-release-date |archive-date=3 June 2021 |access-date=2021-06-03 |website=www.moviecrow.com}}</ref> Prior to the launch, all the songs in the film were aired on [[Radio Mirchi]] as a part of promotional purposes.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Thirumanam Ennum Nikkah's soft audio launch |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/music/thirumanam-ennum-nikkahs-soft-audio-launch/articleshow/28143935.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210603191726/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/music/thirumanam-ennum-nikkahs-soft-audio-launch/articleshow/28143935.cms |archive-date=3 June 2021 |access-date=2021-06-03 |work=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref>

==Release==
The satellite rights of the film were sold to [[Jaya TV]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=30 August 2014 |title=Satellite Rights of "I", "Vallinam" and "Thirumanam Enum Nikkah |url=http://livechennai.com/detailnews.asp?newsid=13430 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230912231904/https://www.livechennai.com/detailnews.asp?newsid=13430 |archive-date=12 September 2023 |access-date=11 August 2015 |publisher=Live Chennai.com}}</ref> Producer Ravichandran announced that the film will be scheduled for a theatrical release during April and May 2014.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-04-01 |title=TEN will be a summer release - The Times of India |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news-interviews/TEN-will-be-a-summer-release/articleshow/33072829.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230912231936/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/ten-will-be-a-summer-release/articleshow/33072829.cms |archive-date=12 September 2023 |access-date=2015-01-17 |publisher=Timesofindia.indiatimes.com}}</ref> The theatrical trailer of the film was attached with the prints of ''[[Vaayai Moodi Pesavum]]'' and unveiled on 25 April 2014.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-04-25 |title=Thirumanam Ennum Nikkah trailer - The Times of India |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news-interviews/Thirumanam-Ennum-Nikkah-trailer/articleshow/33902533.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230912231903/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news-interviews/Thirumanam-Ennum-Nikkah-trailer/articleshow/33902533.cms |archive-date=12 September 2023 |access-date=2015-01-17 |publisher=Timesofindia.indiatimes.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Thirumanam Ennum Nikkah (aka) Thirumanam Ennum Nikkah trailer |url=https://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movies/thirumanam-ennum-nikkah/thirumanam-ennum-nikkah-trailer.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210603095212/https://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movies/thirumanam-ennum-nikkah/thirumanam-ennum-nikkah-trailer.html |archive-date=3 June 2021 |access-date=2021-06-03 |website=www.behindwoods.com}}</ref> During late April, the makers announced that the film will be released on 15 May 2014, a Thursday, instead of a traditional Friday release, due to the [[2014 Indian general election|2014 Indian general election results]] being announced the following day (16 May 2014).<ref>{{Cite news |title='Thirumanam Enum Nikkah' on May 15! |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/thirumanam-enum-nikkah-on-may-15/articleshow/34768298.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210603191720/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/thirumanam-enum-nikkah-on-may-15/articleshow/34768298.cms |archive-date=3 June 2021 |access-date=2021-06-03 |work=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref> However, the film's release was further postponed to 23 May as Ravichandran wanted more time to work on the post-production so as the film will receive a [[U certificate (India)|U certificate]],<ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-05-14 |title='Thirumanam Ennum Nikkah' to release soon |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/140514/entertainment-kollywood/article/thirumanam-ennum-nikkah-release-soon |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140521143331/http://www.deccanchronicle.com/140514/entertainment-kollywood/article/thirumanam-ennum-nikkah-release-soon |archive-date=21 May 2014 |access-date=2015-01-17 |publisher=Deccanchronicle.com}}</ref> making it eligible for exemption from [[entertainment tax]] levied by the Tamil Nadu state government.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Nazriya's Nikkah with Jai delayed |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/nazriyas-nikkah-with-jai-delayed/articleshow/35053805.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210603095213/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/nazriyas-nikkah-with-jai-delayed/articleshow/35053805.cms |archive-date=3 June 2021 |access-date=2021-06-03 |work=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref> The release was further pushed in order to avoid clash with [[Rajinikanth]]'s ''[[Kochadaiiyaan]]''.<ref>{{Cite news |date=18 May 2014 |title=Nazriya's Nikkah on May 23rd |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/nazriyas-nikkah-on-may-23rd/articleshow/35300219.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210603191727/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/nazriyas-nikkah-on-may-23rd/articleshow/35300219.cms |archive-date=3 June 2021 |access-date=2021-06-03 |work=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref>

Claiming that the muharram chest-beating procession had been portrayed in a derogatory manner in the film, a Chennai-based organization, Tamil Nadu Shia Muslim Jamath, filed a writ petition on 30 May 2014 in the Madras high court to stall the release of the film.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Case against Thirumanam Enum Nikaah |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/case-against-thirumanam-enum-nikaah/articleshow/35778575.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210603110132/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/case-against-thirumanam-enum-nikaah/articleshow/35778575.cms |archive-date=3 June 2021 |access-date=2021-06-03 |work=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref> In the petition, the Jamath vice-president Tablez Ali Khan of Thousand Lights said the chest-beating procession is mourning the martyrdom of the grandson of Muhammad, and the occasion is sentimental having religious sanctity. He stated that it was a direct attack on the principles of secularism enshrined in the Constitution.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-05-30 |title=Plea filed to stall release of Tamil film - The Times of India |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/Plea-filed-to-stall-release-of-Tamil-film/articleshow/35740447.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140602164504/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/Plea-filed-to-stall-release-of-Tamil-film/articleshow/35740447.cms |archive-date=2 June 2014 |access-date=2015-01-17 |publisher=Timesofindia.indiatimes.com}}</ref> The petitioner wanted the court to direct the complaint and forbear the producers from releasing the film.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Press Trust of India |date=2014-05-29 |title=HC admits petition seeking to forbear release of film | Business Standard News |url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/hc-admits-petition-seeking-to-forbear-release-of-film-114052901464_1.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140605051844/http://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/hc-admits-petition-seeking-to-forbear-release-of-film-114052901464_1.html |archive-date=5 June 2014 |access-date=2015-01-17 |work=Business Standard India |publisher=Business-standard.com}}</ref> The case was later withdrawn in June 2014 after Ravichandran's formal meeting with the petitioners.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Decks cleared for Thirumanam Ennum Nikkaah release |url=https://www.sify.com/movies/decks-cleared-for-thirumanam-ennum-nikkaah-release-news-tamil-og2kwsjhebhfi.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140628173927/http://www.sify.com/movies/decks-cleared-for-thirumanam-ennum-nikkaah-release-news-tamil-og2kwsjhebhfi.html |archive-date=28 June 2014 |access-date=2021-06-03 |website=[[Sify]] |language=en}}</ref>

The film released on 24 July 2014, ahead of the [[Eid al-Fitr|Ramzan]] weekend.<ref>{{Cite web |last=V.P |first=Nicy |date=2014-07-11 |title='Thirumanam Ennum Nikkah' Starring Jai and Nazriya to Release on 24 July |url=https://www.ibtimes.co.in/thirumanam-ennum-nikkah-starring-jai-nazriya-release-24-july-604195 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210603095212/https://www.ibtimes.co.in/thirumanam-ennum-nikkah-starring-jai-nazriya-release-24-july-604195 |archive-date=3 June 2021 |access-date=2021-06-03 |website=www.ibtimes.co.in |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Thirumanam Enum Nikkah finally gets a release date |url=https://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movies-cinema-news-14/thirumanam-enum-nikkah-is-all-set-for-release-on-the-24th-of-july.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210603095212/https://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movies-cinema-news-14/thirumanam-enum-nikkah-is-all-set-for-release-on-the-24th-of-july.html |archive-date=3 June 2021 |access-date=2021-06-03 |website=www.behindwoods.com}}</ref> During the release plans, it was rumoured to be clashed with other releases such as ''[[Sarabham]]'', ''[[Madras (film)|Madras]]'', ''[[Jigarthanda (2014 film)|Jigarthanda]]'' which pulled away from their initial release schedule.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Jai's Thirumanam Ennum Nikkah release confirmed for Ramzan |url=https://www.moviecrow.com/News/4868/jais-thirumanam-ennum-nikkah-release-confirmed-for-ramzan |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210603095211/https://www.moviecrow.com/News/4868/jais-thirumanam-ennum-nikkah-release-confirmed-for-ramzan |archive-date=3 June 2021 |access-date=2021-06-03 |website=www.moviecrow.com}}</ref>

== Reception ==
''[[The Times of India]]'' gave 3 out of 5 stars for the film saying "Thirumanam Enum Nikkah is like the romance dramas in which there will be no story at all if the leads talk to each other in a frank manner and so will have to keep pretending for the plot to go on".<ref>{{Citation |title=Thirumanam Enum Nikkah Movie Review {3/5}: Critic Review of Thirumanam Enum Nikkah by Times of India |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/thirumanam-enum-nikkah/movie-review/39000123.cms |access-date=2021-06-03}}</ref> In his review for ''[[Hindustan Times]]'', Gauthaman Bhaskaran gave 1 out of 5 and wrote "Thirumanam Enum Nikkah has a story and script that seem to have been penned in the most bizarre style. Except for Nazriya Nazim, who is superbly charming as the girl playing both a Muslim and a Hindu, the rest of the cast are no better than caricatures."<ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-07-25 |title=Movie review: Watch Thirumanam Enum Nikkah only for Nazriya Nazim |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/movie-reviews/movie-review-watch-thirumanam-enum-nikkah-only-for-nazriya-nazim/story-KQbG8HOJsCtiwqtIgysJQJ.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210603095212/https://www.hindustantimes.com/movie-reviews/movie-review-watch-thirumanam-enum-nikkah-only-for-nazriya-nazim/story-KQbG8HOJsCtiwqtIgysJQJ.html |archive-date=3 June 2021 |access-date=2021-06-03 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref>

Anupama Subramanian of ''[[Deccan Chronicle]]'' gave 2.5 out of 5 and summarised "Anis's sincere attempt to convey a romantic story laced with inter-religious tension is appreciable, but he has erred in the execution part of it. What starts off with an interesting note, loses its sheen in the middle fizzles out towards the end". She further added "Ghibran's soulful music and brilliant rerecording that is the highlight of the movie".<ref>{{Cite web |last=subramanian |first=anupama |date=2014-07-25 |title=Movie review 'Thirumanam Enum Nikkah': Starts off on an interesting note |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/140725/entertainment-movie-review/article/movie-review-thirumanam-enum-nikkah-starts-interesting |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210603095212/https://www.deccanchronicle.com/140725/entertainment-movie-review/article/movie-review-thirumanam-enum-nikkah-starts-interesting |archive-date=3 June 2021 |access-date=2021-06-03 |website=Deccan Chronicle |language=en}}</ref> S. Saraswathi of ''[[Rediff.com|Rediff]]'' gave 2 out of 5 saying "the film fails to live up to expectation despite the good performance by both Jai and Nazriya".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sarawathi/Rediff.com |first=S. |title=Review: Thirumanam Enum Nikkah fails to impress |url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/review/review-thirumanam-enum-nikkah-fails-to-impress-south/20140725.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210603095212/https://www.rediff.com/movies/review/review-thirumanam-enum-nikkah-fails-to-impress-south/20140725.htm |archive-date=3 June 2021 |access-date=2021-06-03 |website=Rediff |language=en}}</ref> [[Baradwaj Rangan]] in his review for ''[[The Hindu]]'' stated "Thirumanam Enum Nikkah is infuriatingly bad. We shrug off routinely bad films because there's nothing in them that's good. But films like these, which take on something new and interesting and then botch it up, stick in the craw, like a bad taste you can't wash off."<ref>{{Cite news |last=Rangan |first=Baradwaj |date=2014-07-25 |title=Thirumanam Enum Nikkah: Wedding woes |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/cinema-reviews/thirumanam-enum-nikkah-film-review/article6249409.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210603095211/https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/cinema-reviews/thirumanam-enum-nikkah-film-review/article6249409.ece |archive-date=3 June 2021 |access-date=2021-06-03 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|3421036}}

[[Category:2014 films]]
[[Category:2014 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:2014 Indian films]]
[[Category:Films about Indian weddings]]
[[Category:Indian romantic drama films]]
[[Category:Films shot in Coimbatore]]
[[Category:Films set in Chennai]]
[[Category:Films shot in Chennai]]
[[Category:Indian interfaith romance films]]
[[Category:Films shot in Kozhikode]]
[[Category:Films shot in Hyderabad, India]]
[[Category:2014 romantic drama films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]

Sambuvarayar

2026-02-26T07:52:10Z

Yogiindia: adding new info with sources!

{{Short description|Ancient kingdom of South India}}
{{pp-extended|small=yes}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2024}}
[[File:Raja Gambhira Sambhuvarayar.jpg|thumb|Raja Gambhira Sambhuvarayar I ]]{{Infobox country
|native_name =
|conventional_long_name = Sambuvaraya dynasty
|common_name = Sambuvaraya
|era = Middle Ages
|status =
|event_start =
|year_start = 12th century CE
|date_start =
|date_event1 =
|event_end =
|year_end = 1375 CE
|date_end =
|p1 = Pandyan dynasty
|flag_p1 =
|s1 = Vijayanagar Empire
|flag_s1 =
|image_flag =
|flag_type =
|image_coat =
|image_map =
|image_map_caption =
|capital = Rajagambhiram, Padaveedu
| common_languages = [[Tamil language|Tamil]]
|religion = [[Hinduism]]
|government_type = Monarchy
|leader1 = Raja Gambhira Sambhuvaraya
|year_leader1 = 1236 - 1268 CE
|leader2 = Mankonda Sambhuvaraya
|year_leader2 = 1322 - 1337 CE
|leader3 = Rajanarayana Sambhuvaraya
|year_leader3 = 1337 - 1373 CE
|leader4 = Rajanarayana Sambhuvaraya II
|year_leader4 = 1356 - 1375 CE
|title_leader =
|legislature =
|stat_year1 = 10th century CE
|stat_area1 =
}}

The '''Sambuvarayar''' (Tamil: சம்புவராயர்) chieftains once ruled the [[Tondaimandalam]] region of South India. Among them was ''Edirili Chola Sambhuvaraya'', a vassal under [[Rajadhiraja Chola II]] and [[Kulothunga Chola III]], who ruled the northern part of Tondaimandalam, now comprising the districts of [[Vellore]], [[Tiruvannamalai]], [[Kancheepuram]], [[Cuddalore district|Cuddalore]], [[Thiruvallur|Tiruvallur]], [[Nellore district|Nellore]], and [[Chittoor district|Chittoor]]. Later during the 14th century when the [[Telugu Cholas]], [[Hoysala]] and [[Pandya]] kingdoms went into decline, the Sambuvarayas ruled their regions independently. Two chiefs of the family namely, Venrumankonda Sambuvaraya (1322 CE) and Rajanarayana Sambuvaraya (1337 CE), issued records in their own regnal years.<ref>{{cite book|title=Sri Varadarajaswami Temple, Kanchi: A Study of Its History, Art and Architecture|author=K.V. Raman|publisher=Abhinav Publications, 2003 - 206 pages|pages=25, 26}}</ref>
[[File:Sambuvarayar Coins.png|thumb|Sambuvarayar Coins]]

==Origin==
The early Sambuvarayas chiefs originally ruled the region of Oyma Nadu , now a part of present day Tindivanam taluk of Viluppuram district under the imperial Cholas.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OpxeaYQbGDMC&q=chola+peasant+warriors&pg=PA54|series=The New Cambridge History of India |title=Vijayanagara|authorlink=Burton Stein |first=Burton |last=Stein|year=1990|publisher=Cambridge University Press|page=54|isbn=9780521266932}}</ref> The Sambuvaraya capital was at Padaveedu, now known as [[Padavedu]] in [[Polur]] [[taluk]], [[Tiruvannamalai district]], [[Tamil Nadu]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.tnarch.gov.in/excavation/pad.htm |title=Padavedu |publisher=State Department of Archaeology, Tamil Nadu |access-date=2015-05-04}}</ref> Padaveedu (also spelt Padavedu) is the site of the popular Sri Renukambal Temple.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-45814659|title = 'Flexitarian' diets key to feeding people in a warming world|work = BBC News|date = 10 October 2018}}</ref>.The Sambuvarayas belonged to the [[Vanniyar]] community , and had the title 'Nalayiravan' , as they controlled a subordinate army of 4000 soldiers in their initial days.<ref>{{cite book| url = https://archive.org/details/epigraphia-indica/epigraphia-indica-vol-28/page/n248/mode/1up?q=Sambuvaraya |title = Epigraphia Indica volume 28|author = Chhabra, B.ch.|publisher = Manager of publications, Delhi , 1953|pages = 565}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/oxford-collected-essays-noboru-karashima-ancient-to-medieval-south-indian-societ/page/74/mode/1up?q=pallis|title= Ancient to Medieval - South Indian society in transition|author = Noboru,Karashima|publisher = Oxford University Press, 2009|pages=301}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Govindasamy|first=M.S|title=The Role of Feudatories in Later Chola History|page = 188| year=1979|publisher=Annamalai University Press|language=English}}</ref>.

==Rajagambhiram fort==
The vassal had constructed a hill fort, Rajagambhiram, at present day Padaveedu, to watch and control the movements of the northern enemies. The fort has four gates in four directions. The northern gate was now called as Shanta gate. The other gates were damaged. While the eastern gate was in a dilapidated condition, the western gate on which was found the inscription has been completely damaged. This gate was named after Puvandai alias Cholakon, one of the soldier in the military service of Edhirili Chola Sambhuvaraya. One [[hero stone]] has been erected on the plains, north of the Shanta gate.

The fort was constructed with granite with a perimeter extending to {{convert|2|km|mi}}. This fort once had residences and `pandals' for warriors who were posted for duties. Holes had been made on the rock surface in such a way as to erect round tents. One could see nine tent areas on the top of the hill. Besides, four water tanks had been created to provide drinking water. Two natural water ponds were also available in the fort. Near the big tank a mortar with one foot depth and one foot diameter was dug and used. The area also revealed clear traces of [[Shiva]] and [[Ganesha|Vinayaka]] temples. Stone blocks, bricks each measuring 10 inches x 7 inches, lime mortar and sand were used in the construction of the fort walls.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Padavedu Excavation|publisher=State Department of Archaeology, Madras, India|year=1993|location=Madras|first=Natana|last=Kasinathan|url=https://www.tamildigitallibrary.in/admin/assets/book/TVA_BOK_0042358/TVA_BOK_0042358_Padavedu_Excavation_1993.pdf|accessdate=29 September 2024}}</ref>

== Decline ==

The Sambuvarayas lost power and went into decline with the rapid expansion of the [[Vijayanagar empire]] in the 14th century. Rajanarayana Sambuvaraya allied with the Vijayanagar ruler [[Harihara I]] against the [[Madurai Sultanate|Sultanate of Madura]] but was later killed by Harihara's brother [[Bukka Raya I]] who sought to bring most of South India under his rule.<ref>{{cite book |title=A History of India |first1=Hermann |last1=Kulke |author-link1=Hermann Kulke |first2=Dietmar |last2=Rothermund |author-link2=Dietmar Rothermund |edition=Reprinted |publisher=Psychology Press |year=2004 |isbn=978-0-41532-919-4 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TPVq3ykHyH4C&pg=PA189 |page=189}}
</ref>

==See also==
*[[Pallava]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://www.davidgodman.org/asaints/kvallalan1.shtml Sambuvaraya lineage king Vallalan]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20090325014734/http://www.hindu.com/fr/2009/03/20/stories/2009032051400500.htm Temple built by Sambuvaraya king]

[[Category:Tamil monarchs]]

Harinavi DVAS High School

2026-02-22T16:42:15Z

Yogiindia: added info

{{Short description|School in Rajpur Sonarpur, West Bengal, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2018}}
{{Infobox school
| name = Harinavi DVAS High School
| latin_name =
| logo =
| seal_image =
| image =
| image_size =
| alt =
| caption =
| motto =
| motto_translation =
| address = 70, Ashok Nath Shastri Road
| location = [[Harinavi]]
| city = [[Rajpur Sonarpur]]
| region =
| state = [[West Bengal]]
| county = [[South 24 Parganas]]
| coordinates = {{coord|22|24|59.54|N|88|24|50.40|E|display=inline,title}}
| postal_code = 700148
| country = [[India]]
| established = {{Start date and age|1866}}
| founder = [[Dwarkanath Vidyabhusan]]
| enrollment =
| website = {{URL|www.harinavidvashighschool.org}}
}}

'''Harinavi D.V.A.S High School''' (Harnavi Dwarakanath Vidyabhusan Anglo Sanskrit High School) is a government-administered high school in the [[Rajpur Sonarpur]] of the [[South 24 Parganas district]] in the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[West Bengal]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Harinavi DVAS High School|url=http://in.wowsome.com/school/harinavi-d-v-a-s-high-school-in-sonarpur-west-bengal/125277/|access-date=1 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304141717/http://in.wowsome.com/school/harinavi-d-v-a-s-high-school-in-sonarpur-west-bengal/125277/|archive-date=4 March 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Harinavi DVAS High School|url=http://www.rajb2b.com/yp/40143-harinavi_d_v_a_s_high_school.htm}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Harinavi DVAS High School Affiliated Under West Bengal Council of Higher Secondary education WBCHSE Website View|url=http://wbbse.org/ss24pgs.htm|access-date=1 September 2015|archive-date=24 July 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150724035917/http://www.wbbse.org/ss24pgs.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.icbse.com/schools/harinavi-dvas-high-school/19183601704|title=Harinavi DVAS High School|publisher=iCBSE}}</ref>

== Notable alumni ==
*[[Suvendra Nath Bhattacharyya]], [[Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize|Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar]] laureate
*[[Salil Choudhury]], Indian songwriter, music director, lyricist, writer, and poet who predominantly composed for Bengali, Hindi, and Malayalam films
*[[Rai Bahadur]] [[Janakinath Bose]], Advocate, Father Of [[Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose]]
*Satkari Bandyopadhyay, Freedom Fighter
*Harikumar Chakraborty, Freedom Fighter
*Dr. Prasit Roychowdhury, Historian
*[[M.N. Roy]], Marxist theorist, Freedom Fighter, World-renowned Bengali
*Pt. Ranajit Sengupta, Eminent Sarod Player

==Notable faculty==
* [[Janakinath Bose]]

==See also==
* [[List of schools in West Bengal]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Boys' schools in India]]
[[Category:Schools in Colonial India]]
[[Category:High schools and secondary schools in West Bengal]]
[[Category:Schools in South 24 Parganas district]]
[[Category:Educational institutions established in 1866]]
[[Category:1866 establishments in India]]

{{WestBengal-school-stub}}

Bal Dixit

2026-02-18T14:11:42Z

Yogiindia: Created Initial Stub V1

{{Short description|Researcher and businessman (born 1938)}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2025}}
{{None}}
'''Bal Dixit''' (born 1938) is a researcher and businessman working in [[technical textile]]s. In 1977, Dixit started work on developing a product he would later call Zetex in response to the impending [[asbestos]] ban. This product exhibits many of the properties of asbestos, without the side effects of lung cancer or mesothelioma.<ref>Dixit, B., "Performance of Protective Clothing: Development and Testing of Asbestos Substitutes," Performance of Protective Clothing. ASTM STP 900, R. L. Barker and G. C. Coletta, Eds., American Society for Testing and Materials, Philadelphia, 1986, pp. 445-460.</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.democratandchronicle.com/story/money/business/2013/11/18/bal-dixit-revisits-time-at-newtex-industries/3632025/|title=Bal Dixit revisits time at Newtex Industries|work=Rochester Democrat and Chronicle|access-date=2018-06-28|language=en}}</ref> In 1978, Dixit founded the company Newtex to market Zetex.

== Early life and education ==
Dixit was born in the village of [[Katol]] in central India in 1938. After receiving his degree in Textile Technology from the [[University of Punjab]], he emigrated to the United States in 1964, joining [[Union Carbide Corporation]] as an Advanced Technologist. At [[Union Carbide]], Dixit helped develop carbon fiber for lightweight structural composites that were later incorporated in General Dynamics' F-111B fighter aircraft. Dixit earned his master's in Textile Technology from the University of Massachusetts in 1966 and soon after joined Garlock, where he was tasked with establishing a modern asbestos plant in Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada. Dixit went on to earn an [[MBA]] from the [[Rochester Institute of Technology]] in 1974.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://www.rit.edu/news/story.php?id=67137&source=enewsletter|title=RIT's Golisano Institute for Sustainability names lab in honor of Sudhakar 'Bal' Dixit|website=www.rit.edu|language=en|access-date=2018-07-05}}</ref>

== His company ==
In 1978, Dixit left Garlock to launch his own company, Newtex Industries, in [[Victor, New York]].{{cn|date=October 2025}} At Newtex, he developed Zetex fiberglass fabric, a safe and viable alternative to [[asbestos]].{{cn|date=October 2025}} By 1983, Newtex grew to $2.4{{nbsp}}million in sales.{{cn|date=October 2025}}

Dixit led Newtex from the time he founded the company in 1978 until he stepped down to retire in 2006. At that time, Dixit's son-in-law, Jerry Joliet, took over as President and CEO.<ref name=":0" />

=== "The Dixit Fixit" ===
In 1980, just two days before the annual stockholders' meeting, a large fire caused extensive damage to the Newtex plant. The company was fully operational again 3 weeks after the fire. Newtex employees dubbed the impressive recovery as "The Dixit Fixit", and Dixit's perseverance after the fire was documented in two books by RIT business professor Andrew J. Dubrin, ''Getting it Done: The Transforming Power of Self-Discipline'' and ''The Inner Core of the Resilient Manager''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.rit.edu/~w-umag/fall2010/20_rising_from_the_flames.php|title=RIT - University Magazine|website=www.rit.edu|language=en|access-date=2018-07-05}}</ref>

== Community involvement ==
In 1996, Dixit was appointed Director of the [[Federal Reserve Bank]] by Chairman [[Alan Greenspan]]. He served as Chairman of the Board of the [[Buffalo, New York|Buffalo]] Branch of the Federal Reserve Bank for five years. He also served on the boards of the [[Rochester General Hospital]] and the Greater Rochester Chamber of Commerce and has been a [[Rochester Institute of Technology]] Trustee.<ref name=":0" />

In June 2018, the Golisano Institute for Sustainability at the Rochester Institute of Technology dedicated the ''Bal Dixit Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Fire Protection'', made possible by a $2{{nbsp}}million gift from Dixit.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.newtex.com/about/news-press/bal-dixit-laboratory-for-advanced-materials-and-fire-protection-opens-at-ri|title=About {{!}} News & Press Releases {{!}} Bal Dixit Lab for Advanced Materials and Fire Protection Opens at RIT {{!}} Newtex|website=www.newtex.com|language=en|access-date=2018-07-05}}</ref>

== Recognition ==
Dixit received the Herbert W. VandenBrul Entrepreneurial Award in 1992 and was inducted into the [[Rochester, New York|Rochester]] Business Hall of Fame in 2003.<ref name=":0" />

== References ==

{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* [http://www.newtex.com/ Newtex Industries]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Dixit, Bal}}
[[Category:American businesspeople]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

Jayadev Mohan

2026-02-07T23:03:28Z

Yogiindia: Creating a info added tags - done

{{short description|Indian actor}}
{{BLP no footnotes|date=July 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2016}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Jayadev Mohan
| birth_place = [[Bengaluru]], Karnataka, India
| occupation = Actor, director
| yearsactive = 2006{{ndash}}present
| parents =
| website = {{URL|www.jayadevmohan.in}}
| awards =
}}
'''Jayadev Mohan''', is an Indian actor and director who appears in [[Kannada]] and [[Tamil language|Tamil]] language films.

==Career==
Jayadev Mohan began his acting career with drama ''Agni mattu male'', a [[short play]] by Girish Karnad. He started his film career with the film Junglee. This was followed up by ''[[Dandupalya]]'', a film which is based on the real-life exploits of a notorious gang named Dandupalya, in the film he plays the role of one of the Dandupalya gang members.

Jayadev Mohan is currently acting in film ''[[Uttama Villain]]'', an upcoming Tamil comedy film directed by Ramesh Aravind and produced by [[N. Lingusamy]]. The film is co-written and co-produced by [[Kamal Haasan]], who himself plays the lead role alongside [[Jayaram]], [[Andrea Jeremiah]], [[Pooja Kumar]], [[Parvathy Thiruvothu|Parvathi]] and [[Parvathy Nair]]. [[Crazy Mohan]] writes the film's dialogues while [[M. Ghibran]] composes the film's music.

== Filmography ==
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size: 95%;"
! Year !! Film !! Role !! Other notes
|-
|2012 || ''[[Dandupalya]]'' || Koti Raama|| [[Kannada]]
|-
|2014 || ''[[Sweety Nanna Jodi]]'' || – || [[Kannada]]
|-
|2014 || ''Uttama Villain'' || – || [[Tamil language|Tamil]]
|}
Junglee – of Jumki fame – by – Duniya Suri

== External links ==
* http://www.chitratara.com/show-content.php?id=5489&ptype=News&title=JAI+DEVI+%60JAYA%60+ACTS+WITH+DR+KAMAL+IN+%60UTHAMA+VILLAIN%60
* https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mjS4VtVnRHs
* http://www.filmykannada.com/vp-dandupalya--jaydev-alias-kothi-thimma-clip-2-usrid-none-fpid-1lnFX0Xn8sE.htm{{Dead link|date=December 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot }}
* [[Dandupalya (film)|Dandupalya]]
* [https://www.indiaglitz.com/dhandupalya-complete-shoot-kannada-news-76125.html]

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Mohan, Jayadev}}
[[Category:21st-century Indian male actors]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Male actors in Kannada cinema]]
[[Category:Indian male film actors]]
[[Category:Male actors from Bengaluru]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

Boura Hatabaksa

2026-01-31T18:36:42Z

Yogiindia: started some page and citations.

{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2024}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Boura Hatabaksa
| image = Boura Hatabaksa Poster.jpg
| alt =
| caption = Promotional poster
| director = Narayan Pati
| producer = Sanjay Das, Rosalin Das
| writer =
| screenplay = Narayan Pati
| story = Arati Pattajoshi
| based_on =
| narrator =
| starring = Narayan Pati Lopamudra Mishra Sabita Palei Rajesh Panda
| music = Khiti Prakash Mahapatra
| cinematography = Biraja Prasanna Kar
| editing = [[Chandrasekhar Mishra]]
| studio = Chairosana Film Productions Pvt. Ltd
| distributor =
| released = {{film date|df=y|2022|12|30}}
| runtime = 128 minutes
| country = [[India]]
| language = [[Odia language|Odia]]
| budget = ₹ 80,00,000
| gross =
}}

'''''Boura Hatabaksa: The Eternal Bond''''' is an Indian [[Odia language|Odia]]-language family drama film directed by Narayan Pati<ref>{{cite news |title=ଭିନ୍ନ ସ୍ୱାଦର ଓଡ଼ିଆ ସିନେମା ‘ବୋଉର ହାତବାକ୍ସ’ |url=https://sambad.in/entertainment/new-oriya-film-is-going-to-be-released-soon-845086/ |accessdate=19 November 2022 |work=Sambad |date=10 July 2022 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221119152629/https://sambad.in/entertainment/new-oriya-film-is-going-to-be-released-soon-845086/ |archivedate=19 November 2022 |language=or |url-status=live}}</ref> and written by Arati Pattajoshi released in 2022.<ref>{{cite news |title=ନୂଆ ସିନେମା ’ବୋଉର ହାତବାକ୍ସ’ |url=https://sambad.in/entertainment/hand-box-of-mother-866457/ |accessdate=19 November 2022 |work=Sambad |date=24 August 2022 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221119152003/https://sambad.in/entertainment/hand-box-of-mother-866457/ |archivedate=19 November 2022 |language=or |url-status=live}}</ref> It was produced by Sanjay Das and Rosalin Das under the Chairosana Film Productions Pvt. Ltd banner.<ref>{{cite news |title=ଖୁବଶୀଘ୍ର ମୁକ୍ତିଲାଭ କରିବ ଓଡିଆ ସିନେମା ବୋଉର ହାତବାକ୍ସ |url=https://www.etvbharat.com/oriya/odisha/entertainment/movie/new-odia-film-boura-hatabaksha-audio-released/or20220805173832367367988 |accessdate=19 November 2022 |work=ETV Bharat News |date=5 August 2022 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221119151829/https://www.etvbharat.com/oriya/odisha/entertainment/movie/new-odia-film-boura-hatabaksha-audio-released/or20220805173832367367988 |archivedate=19 November 2022 |language=or|url-status=live}}</ref> It is a family drama. Mother's unconditional love for her son, depth of husband and wife's relationship and emotional bond between two generations.<ref name="Boura-Hatabaksa-Prameya">{{cite news |title=Odia movie 'Boura Hatabaksa' to portray tale of mother’s sacrifice for her son |url=https://www.prameyanews.com/odia-movie-boura-hatabaksa-to-portray-tale-of-mothers-sacrifice-for-her-son/ |accessdate=19 November 2022 |work=Prameya News |date=21 July 2022 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221119150419/https://www.prameyanews.com/odia-movie-boura-hatabaksa-to-portray-tale-of-mothers-sacrifice-for-her-son/ |archivedate=19 November 2022 |location=Bhubaneswar |language=en|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=ଖୁବଶୀଘ୍ର ମୁକ୍ତିଲାଭ କରିବ ଓଡିଆ ସିନେମା ‘ବୋଉର ହାତବାକ୍ସ’, ରିଲିଜ ହେଲା ଅଡିଓ |url=https://www.prameyanews7.com/odia-film-boura-hatabaksha-audio-released/ |accessdate=19 November 2022 |work=Prameya News7 |date=21 July 2022 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221119152038/https://www.prameyanews7.com/odia-film-boura-hatabaksha-audio-released/ |archivedate=19 November 2022 |location=[[ଭୁବନେଶ୍ୱର]] |language=or|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Cast==
* Narayan Pati as Raghunath
* Lopamudra mishra
* Sabita palei
* Rajesh Panda
* Abhisekh Sahoo
* Gourav

==Soundtrack==
The music of the film was composed by Khiti Prakash Mahapatra. The lyrics were written by [[Devdas Chhotray]] and Managobinda Barik.<ref name="Boura-Hatabaksa-Prameya"/> The soundtracks are released on 20 July 2022.<ref name="audio-release">{{cite news |title=Audio of Odia movie ‘Boura Hatabaksha’ released: Details here |url=https://kalingatv.com/entertainment/audio-of-odia-movie-boura-hatabaksha-released-details-here/ |accessdate=19 November 2022 |work=KalingaTV |date=20 July 2022 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221119150416/https://kalingatv.com/entertainment/audio-of-odia-movie-boura-hatabaksha-released-details-here/ |archivedate=19 November 2022 |location=Bhubaneswar |language=en|url-status=live}}</ref>

== Release ==
This movie released on 30 December 2022 on theaters.<ref>{{Cite web |title=ବଡ଼ ପରଦାକୁ ଆସିଲା ନାରାୟଣ ପତିଙ୍କ ‘ବୋଉର ହାତବାକ୍ସ’ |url=https://sambad.in/entertainment/boura-hatabaxa-releases-today-931997/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221231142342/https://sambad.in/entertainment/boura-hatabaxa-releases-today-931997/ |archive-date=31 December 2022 |access-date=31 December 2022 |website=Sambad |language=en-US}}</ref> Before that, the release dates extended a few times.{{fact|date=February 2024}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|tt21543668}}

{{ollywood|horiz}}

[[Category:2022 drama films]]
[[Category:2022 Indian films]]
[[Category:Indian drama films]]
[[Category:2020s Odia-language films]]

Kolar Lok Sabha constituency

2026-01-30T21:21:56Z

Yogiindia: Creating some entry initial version

{{short description|Lok Sabha constituency in Karnataka}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2020}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| type = LS
| name = Kolar
| map_image = {{Maplink|frame=yes|plain=y|frame-width=300|frame-height=300|frame-align=center|type=shape|from=Lok_Sabha_constituencies/2019/Karnataka/Kolar.map}}
| map_caption = Kolar Lok Sabha Constituency Map
| state =[[Karnataka]]
| established =1952
| assembly_cons = [[Sidlaghatta Assembly constituency|Sidlaghatta]] [[Chintamani Assembly constituency|Chintamani]] [[Srinivasapur Assembly constituency|Srinivasapur]] [[Mulbagal Assembly constituency|Mulbagal]] [[Kolar Gold Field Assembly constituency|Kolar Gold Fields]] [[Bangarapet Assembly constituency|Bangarapet]] [[Kolar Assembly constituency|Kolar]] [[Malur Assembly constituency|Malur]]
| latest_election_year = [[2024 Indian general election|2024]]
| reservation = SC
| mp = [[M. Mallesh Babu]]
| party = {{Party index link|Janata Dal (Secular)}}
|alliance = {{Party index link|National Democratic Alliance}}
|preceded_by = [[S. Muniswamy]]
}}
[[File:Kolar Lok Sabha Constituency Map with district boundary (2009 - Present).pdf|thumb|]]
'''Kolar Lok Sabha constituency''' is one of the 28 [[Lok Sabha]] constituencies in [[Karnataka]]. This constituency is reserved for the [[Scheduled Caste]]s.

==Jurisdiction==
The places under [[Kolar, Karnataka|Kolar]] ( ಕೋಲಾರ ) Lok Sabha Constituency :

===1951 delimitation===
Source:<ref>ECIPage 383: [http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/eci_publications/books/deli/DPACO-51.pdf Parliamentary Constituencies.], ''[[Election Commission of India]]'', 1 April 2018.</ref>
*[[Kolar District]]
*[[Kolar District]] ''(Current)''
*Part of [[Tumkur District]]
** Part of [[Sira Taluk]]
***[[Sira, Karnataka|Sira Hobli]]
***Gowdagere Hobli
***[[Hulikunte|Hulikunte Hobli]]
***[[Kallambella|Kallambella Hobli]]

==Vidhana Sabha segments==
Presently, Kolar Lok Sabha constituency comprises the following eight Legislative Assembly segments:
{|class ="wikitable sortable"
|-
! No
! Name
! District
! Member
! colspan="2" |Party
! colspan="2"|Party Leading (in [[2024 Indian general election|2024]])
|-
|142
|[[Sidlaghatta Assembly constituency|Sidlaghatta]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Chikkaballapura district|Chikballapur]]
|B. N. Ravikumar
|{{party name with color|Janata Dal (Secular)}}
|{{party name with color|Janata Dal (Secular)|rowspan=4}}
|-
|143
|[[Chintamani Assembly constituency|Chintamani]]
|[[M. C. Sudhakar]]
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|144
|[[Srinivasapur Assembly constituency|Srinivasapur]]
| rowspan="6" |[[Kolar district|Kolar]]
|[[G. K. Venkatashiva Reddy|G. K. V. Reddy]]
|{{party name with color|Janata Dal (Secular)|rowspan=2}}
|-
|145
|[[Mulbagal Assembly constituency|Mulbagal]] (SC)
|[[Samruddhi Manjunath]]
|-
|146
|[[Kolar Gold Field Assembly constituency|Kolar Gold Fields]] (SC)
|M. Roopakala
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=4}}
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|147
|[[Bangarapet Assembly constituency|Bangarapet]] (SC)
|[[S. N. Narayanaswamy]]
|{{party name with color|Janata Dal (Secular)|rowspan=3}}
|-
|148
|[[Kolar Assembly constituency|Kolar]]
|[[Kothur G. Manjunath]]
|-
|149
|[[Malur Assembly constituency|Malur]]
|K. Y. Nanjegowda
|-
|}

== Members of Parliament ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year
! Name
!colspan=2| Party
|-
|[[1952 Indian general election|1952]]
| rowspan="3" |[[Doddathimmiah]]
| rowspan="6" style="background-color:#00BFFF" | || rowspan="6" |[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|[[1957 Indian general election|1957]]
|-
|[[1962 Indian general election|1962]]
|-
|[[1967 Indian general election|1967]]
| rowspan="4" |[[G.Y. Krishnan]]
|-
|[[1971 Indian general election|1971]]
|-
|[[1977 Indian general election|1977]]
|-
|[[1980 Indian general election|1980]]
| style="background-color:#00FFFF" | ||[[Indian National Congress (I)]]
|-
|[[1984 Indian general election|1984]]
|V. Venkatesh
| style="background-color:#1E90FF" | ||[[Janata Party]]
|-
|[[1989 Indian general election|1989]]
|[[Y. Ramakrishna]]
| rowspan="8" style="background-color:#00BFFF" | || rowspan="8" |[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|[[1991 Indian general election|1991]]
| rowspan="7" |[[K.H. Muniyappa]]
|-
|[[1996 Indian general election|1996]]
|-
|[[1998 Indian general election|1998]]
|-
|[[1999 Indian general election|1999]]
|-
|[[2004 Indian general election|2004]]
|-
|[[2009 Indian general election|2009]]
|-
|[[2014 Indian general election|2014]]
|-
|[[2019 Indian general election|2019]]
|[[S. Muniswamy]]
| style="background-color:#FF9933" | ||[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
|[[2024 Indian general election|2024]]
|[[M. Mallesh Babu]]
| style="background-color:#02865A" | ||[[Janata Dal (Secular)]]
|-
|}

== Election results ==

=== General Election 2024 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2024 Indian general election]]: Kolar}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|candidate = M.Mallesh Babu
|party = Janata Dal (Secular)
|votes = 691,481
|percentage = 51.02
|change = {{up}}18.10
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = K. V. Gowtham
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = 620,093
|percentage = 45.76
|change = {{up}}6.10
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = None of the above
|votes = 5,831
|percentage = 0.43
|change = {{down}}0.67
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 71,388
|percentage = 5.26
|change = {{down}}11.40
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 1,356,814
|percentage = 78.51
|change = {{up}}1.26
}}
{{Election box gain with party link
|winner = Janata Dal (Secular)
|loser = Bharatiya Janata Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2019===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2019 Indian general elections]]: Kolar}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = [[S. Muniswamy]]
|votes = 7,09,165
|percentage = 56.35
|change = {{increase}}32.64
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = [[K. H. Muniyappa]]
|votes = 4,99,144
|percentage = 39.66
|change = {{increase}}2.50
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the Above]]
|votes = 13,889
|percentage = 1.10
|change = ''N/A''
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 2,10,021
|percentage = 16.69
|change = {{increase}}12.45
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 12,59,093
|percentage = 77.25
|change = {{increase}}1.74
}}
{{Election box gain with party link|
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|loser = Indian National Congress
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2014 Lok Sabha===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2014 Indian general elections]]: Kolar<ref>CEO Karnataka. ''[http://ceokarnataka.kar.nic.in/PDFS/ContestingCandidate/28-Kolar.pdf List of Contesting Candidates]''</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://eciresults.nic.in/ConstituencywiseS1028.htm?ac=28|title=Constituencywise-All Candidates|publisher=ECI|access-date=23 May 2014}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = [[K.H. Muniyappa]]
|votes = 4,18,926
|percentage = 37.16
|change = {{decrease}}0.01
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Janata Dal (Secular)
|candidate = Kolar Kesava
|votes = 3,75,076
|percentage = 32.92
|change = {{increase}}11.37
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = M. Narayana Swamy
|votes = 2,67,322
|percentage = 23.71
|change = {{decrease}}10.98
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Aam Aadmi Party
|candidate = Kotiganahalli Ramaiah
|votes = 17,563
|percentage = 1.56
|change = ''New''
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 47,850
|percentage = 4.24
|change = {{increase}}1.76
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 11,27,340
|percentage = 75.51
|change = {{increase}}6.36
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Indian National Congress
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2009 Lok Sabha===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2009 Indian general elections]]: Kolar}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = [[K.H. Muniyappa]]<ref name="elections2009">{{cite web|url=https://www.elections.in/parliamentary-constituencies/2009-election-results.html|website=elections.in|title=2009 India General Elections Results|access-date=2020-06-20}}</ref>
|votes = 3,44,771
|percentage = 37.17
|change = {{decrease}}5.33
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = D. S. Veeraiah
|votes = 3,21,765
|percentage = 34.69
|change = {{decrease}}6.51
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Janata Dal (Secular)
|candidate = G. Chandranna
|votes =1,99,896
|percentage = 21.55
|change = {{increase}}12.35
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes =23,006
|percentage =2.48
|change = {{increase}}1.18
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes =9,27,261
|percentage = 69.15
|change = {{decrease}}2.75
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Indian National Congress
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
* [[Kolar district]]
* [[List of constituencies of the Lok Sabha]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20081218010942/http://www.eci.gov.in/StatisticalReports/ElectionStatistics.asp Election Statistics], [[Election Commission of India]]
*[https://www.indiaelections2014.info/parliament/2019/states/karnataka/kolar/lok_sabha_parliamentary_election_2019_dates.html Kolar lok sabha constituency election 2019 date and schedule]

{{Lok Sabha constituencies of Karnataka}}
{{coord|13.1|78.1|display=title}}

[[Category:Lok Sabha constituencies in Karnataka]]
[[Category:Kolar district]]

Dwarka Sector 11 metro station

2026-01-18T22:11:10Z

Yogiindia: typo fix

{{Short description|Metro station in Delhi, India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2015}}
{{Infobox station
| name = [[File:Delhi Metro logo.svg|50px]] Dwarka Sector 11 द्वारका सेक्टर 11
| type = {{Delhi Metro Infobox station line|line=Blue}}
| style = Delhi Metro
| image = Dwarka Sector 11 Metro Station.jpg
| address = Sector 11 Dwarka, New Delhi, 110075
| coordinates = {{Coord|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
| line = {{rcb|Delhi Metro|Blue|croute}}
| other =
| structure = [[Elevated]], [[Double-track railway|Double-track]]
| platform = {{ubl|[[Side platform]]|Platform-1 → {{ltl|Delhi Metro|Blue|R|type=main}} / {{ltl|Delhi Metro|Blue|R|type=branch}}|Platform-2 → {{ltl|Delhi Metro|Blue|L}}}}
| depth =
| levels = 2
| tracks = 2
| parking = {{parking symbol}} Available
| bicycle =
| baggage_check =
| opened = {{start date and age|2006|4|1|df=yes}}
| closed =
| rebuilt =
| electrified = {{25 kV 50 Hz}} through [[Overhead line|overhead catenary]]
| accessible = Yes {{Access icon}}
| code = {{#property:P296}}
| owned = [[Delhi Metro]]
| operator = [[Delhi Metro Rail Corporation]] (DMRC)
| zone =
| smartcardname =
| smartcardstatus =
| former =
| passengers = 4,004/day 124,120/ Month average
| pass_year = Jan 2015
| pass_rank =
| pass_percent =
| pass_system =
| mpassengers =
| services = {{Adjacent stations|system=Delhi Metro|line=Blue|left=Dwarka Sector 10|right=Dwarka Sector 12}}
| route_map = {{Delhi Metro Blue Line Route}}
| map_state = collapsed
| mapframe = yes
| mapframe-marker = rail
| mapframe-marker-color = #{{rail color|Delhi Metro|Blue}}
| mapframe-zoom = 14
}}
The '''Dwarka Sector 11''' metro station is located on the [[Blue Line (Delhi Metro)|Blue Line]] of the [[Delhi Metro]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.delhimetrorail.com/commuters/station_information.html |title=Station Information |access-date=2010-06-26 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100619035828/http://delhimetrorail.com/commuters/station_information.html |archive-date=19 June 2010 |df=dmy}}</ref>

==The station==
===Station layout===
{|table border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=3
|style="border-top:solid 1px grey;border-bottom:solid 1px grey;" width=50 rowspan=4 valign=top|'''L2'''
|style="border-top:solid 1px grey;border-right:solid 2px black;border-left:solid 2px black;border-bottom:solid 2px black;text-align:center;" colspan=2|[[Side platform]] | Doors will open on the left {{access icon}}
|-
|style="border-bottom:solid 1px grey;" width=100|'''Platform 1''' '''Eastbound'''
|style="border-bottom:solid 1px grey;" width=500|Towards → {{ltl|Delhi Metro|Blue|R|type=main}} / {{ltl|Delhi Metro|Blue|R|type=branch}} '''Next Station:''' {{stl|Delhi Metro|Dwarka Sector 12}}
|-
|'''Platform 2''' '''Westbound'''
|Towards ← {{ltl|Delhi Metro|Blue|L}} '''Next Station:''' {{stl|Delhi Metro|Dwarka Sector 10}}
|-
|style="border-top:solid 2px black;border-right:solid 2px black;border-left:solid 2px black;border-bottom:solid 1px grey;text-align:center;" colspan=2|[[Side platform]] | Doors will open on the left {{access icon}}
|-
|valign=top|'''L1'''
|valign=top|Concourse
|valign=top|Fare control, station agent, Metro Card vending machines, crossover
|-
|style="border-bottom:solid 1px grey;border-top:solid 1px grey;" width=50 valign=top|'''G'''
|style="border-top:solid 1px grey;border-bottom:solid 1px grey;" width=100 valign=top|Street Level
|style="border-top:solid 1px grey;border-bottom:solid 1px grey;" width=500 valign=top|Exit/Entrance
|}

===Facilities===
List of available [[Cash machine|ATM]] at Dwarka Sector 11 metro station are Punjab National Bank, Canara Bank.
<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.delhimetrorail.com/ATM_details.aspx| title=ATM Details| website=Delhi Metro Rail}}</ref>

==Entry/Exit==
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" width="60%"
|-
! align="center" colspan="5" style="background:#{{rcr|Delhi Metro|Blue}};"| Dwarka Sector 11 metro station Entry/exits
|-
! style="width:30%;"|Gate No-1
! style="width:30%;"|Gate No-2
|-
| ||
|-
| ||
|}

==Connections==
===Bus===
[[Delhi Transport Corporation]] bus routes number 728, 770B, 833STL, RL-77A, RL-77EXT serves the station from Rajkiya Pratibha Vikas Vidyalay stop nearby.<ref>{{cite web| url=http://delhi.gov.in/wps/wcm/connect/DOIT_DTC/dtc/home| title=Department of Delhi Transport Corporation| website=Govt.of NCT of Delhi| access-date=17 February 2018| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181025080536/http://delhi.gov.in/wps/wcm/connect/doit_dtc/DTC/Home/| archive-date=25 October 2018| url-status=dead}}</ref>

==See also==
{{div col|colwidth=22em}}
*[[Delhi]]
*[[List of Delhi Metro stations]]
*[[Transport in Delhi]]
*[[Delhi Metro Rail Corporation]]
*[[Delhi Suburban Railway]]
*[[Delhi Monorail]]
*[[Delhi Transport Corporation]]
*[[West Delhi]]
*[[New Delhi]]
*[[Dwarka, Delhi]]
*[[National Capital Region (India)]]
*[[List of rapid transit systems]]
*[[List of metro systems]]
{{div col end}}
{{Clear}}
{{Portal bar|Trains|Transport|Engineering}}

==References==
{{reflist|30em}}

==External links==
{{Commons|Delhi Metro}}
{{Wikivoyage|Delhi}}
* [http://www.delhimetrorail.com/ Delhi Metro Rail Corporation Ltd. (Official site)]
* [http://www.delhimetrorail.com/annual_report.aspx/ Delhi Metro Annual Reports]
* {{cite web|title=Station Information|work=Delhi Metro Rail Corporation Ltd. (DMRC)|url=http://www.delhimetrorail.com/commuters/station_information.html}}
* [http://www.urbanrail.net ''UrbanRail.Net''] – descriptions of all metro systems in the world, each with a schematic map showing all stations.
*{{Google maps|url=https://www.google.co.in/maps/place/Sector+11+Station/@28.5863777,77.049855,685m/data=!3m1!1e3!4m12!1m6!3m5!1s0x390d1b1e3ca9eb1f:0x60278d7a458c39ba!2sPNB+Dwarka+Sector+10!8m2!3d28.5810968!4d77.0574807!3m4!1s0x390d1addc51130b3:0xea739effb403a7a4!8m2!3d28.5863777!4d77.049855|title= Dwarka Sector 11 metro station}}

{{Delhi Metro}}
{{Delhi & NCR Metro stations|blue line=yes}}

[[Category:Railway stations in India opened in 2006]]
[[Category:Delhi Metro stations]]
[[Category:2006 establishments in Delhi]]
[[Category:Railway stations in South West Delhi district]]

{{Delhi-metro-stub}}
{{Delhi-railstation-stub}}

List of accolades received by Enthiran

2026-01-16T14:30:59Z

Yogiindia: created basic data added tags

{{Short description|none}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2016}}
{{EngvarB|date=March 2016}}
{{DISPLAYTITLE:List of accolades received by ''Enthiran''}}
{| class="infobox" style="width: 25em; text-align: left; font-size: 90%; vertical-align: middle;"
|+ List of accolades received by ''Enthiran''
| colspan="3" style="text-align:center;" | [[File:Aishwarya Rai Robot12.jpg|centre|250px|alt=Rajinikanth and Aishwarya Rai]] Rajinikanth (''left'') with Aishwarya Rai (''right'') during the audio launch of ''[[Enthiran]]''{{'s}} Hindi version, ''Robot''. The former's performance in the film garnered him several awards and nominations
|
|
|-
| colspan=3 |
{| class="collapsible collapsed" style="width:100%;"
! colspan="3" style="background:#d9e8ff; text-align:center;"| Accolades
|- style="background:#d9e8ff; text-align:center; text-align:center;"
|| '''Award'''
| style="background:#cec; text-size:0.9em; width:50px;"| '''Won'''
| style="background:#fcd; text-size:0.9em; width:50px;"| '''Nominated'''
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|
;[[Ananda Vikatan Cinema Awards]]
|{{won|2}}
|{{nom|2}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|
;[[Filmfare Awards South]]
|{{won|3}}
|{{nom|9}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|
;[[International Indian Film Academy Awards]]
|{{won|3}}
|{{nom|3}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|
;[[Mirchi Music Awards South]]
|{{won|1}}
|{{nom|1}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|
;[[National Film Awards]]
|{{won|2}}
|{{nom|2}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|
;[[Norway Tamil Film Festival Awards]]
|{{won|3}}
|{{nom|3}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|
;[[Screen Awards]]
|{{won|2}}
|{{nom|2}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|
;[[Tamil Nadu State Film Awards]]
|{{won|1}}
|{{nom|1}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|
;[[Tokyo International Film Festival]]
|{{won|1}}
|{{nom|1}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|
;[[Vijay Awards]]
|{{won|7}}
|{{nom|14}}
|}
|- style="background:#d9e8ff;"
| style="text-align:center;" colspan="3"|
;Total number of awards and nominations{{efn|Awards in certain categories do not have prior nominations and only winners are announced by the jury. For simplification and to avoid errors, each award in this list has been presumed to have had a prior nomination.}}
|-
|{{won|'''Totals'''}}
|{{won|'''25'''}}
|{{nom|'''38'''}}
|- style="background:#d9e8ff;"
| colspan="3" style="font-size: smaller; text-align:center;" | [[#References|References]]
|}
''[[Enthiran]]'' ({{translation|Robot}}) is a 2010 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil-language]] [[science fiction film]] directed by [[S. Shankar]] and produced by [[Kalanithi Maran]].<ref name="RFR">{{Cite news |last=Rangarajan |first=Malathi |date=12 August 2010 |title=Ready for Robot? |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/article566585.ece |url-status=live |access-date=18 September 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150118103719/http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/article566585.ece |archive-date=18 January 2015}}</ref> Shankar wrote the screenplay and co-wrote the dialogues with [[Sujatha (writer)|Sujatha]] and [[Madhan Karky]].<ref name="RFR" /> The film stars [[Rajinikanth]] and [[Aishwarya Rai]] with [[Danny Denzongpa]], [[Santhanam (actor)|Santhanam]], and [[Karunas]] playing supporting roles.<ref name="PRrediff">{{Cite web |last=Srinivasan |first=Pavithra |date=1 October 2010 |title=Shankar, Rajinikanth make Endhiran work |url=http://movies.rediff.com/review/2010/oct/01/south-tamil-review-endhiran.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150204094855/http://movies.rediff.com/review/2010/oct/01/south-tamil-review-endhiran.htm |archive-date=4 February 2015 |access-date=9 July 2011 |website=[[Rediff.com]]}}</ref> The [[Enthiran (soundtrack)|musical score]] was composed by [[A. R. Rahman]] while the cinematography, visual effects, editing, and art direction were handled by [[R. Rathnavelu]], [[V. Srinivas Mohan]], [[Anthony (film editor)|Anthony]], and [[Sabu Cyril]] respectively.<ref name="PRrediff" /><ref>{{Cite news |last=Devi Dundoo |first=Sangeetha |date=31 October 2010 |title=Animatronics maketh the clone |work=The Hindu |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-cinemaplus/animatronics-maketh-the-clone/article860359.ece |url-status=live |access-date=21 January 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150121041958/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-cinemaplus/animatronics-maketh-the-clone/article860359.ece |archive-date=21 January 2015}}</ref> The film's story revolves around a scientist's struggle to control his creation, an [[Android (robot)|android robot]] whose software is upgraded to give it the ability to comprehend and generate human emotions. The plan backfires when the robot falls in love with the scientist's fiancée and is further manipulated by a rival scientist to bring destruction to all who stand in its way.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Srinivasan |first=Pavithra |date=1 October 2010 |title=Shankar, Rajinikanth make Endhiran work |url=http://movies.rediff.com/review/2010/oct/01/south-tamil-review-endhiran.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150204094855/http://movies.rediff.com/review/2010/oct/01/south-tamil-review-endhiran.htm |archive-date=4 February 2015 |access-date=9 July 2011 |website=Rediff.com}}</ref> The film was dubbed into [[Hindi]] as ''Robot''.<ref name="CNN Travel">{{Cite news |last=Bhattacharya |first=Anirban |date=7 October 2010 |title=Rajinikanth's 'Robot' to end all robots |work=[[CNN Travel]] |url=http://travel.cnn.com/mumbai/play/rajinikanths-robot-end-all-robots-538335/ |url-status=live |access-date=3 April 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160605125444/http://travel.cnn.com/mumbai/play/rajinikanths-robot-end-all-robots-538335/ |archive-date=5 June 2016}}</ref>

Produced on an estimated budget of {{INR}}1.32 billion,<ref>{{Cite news |date=28 January 2011 |title=Sun TV Network Q3 Net up 48.40% at Rs 225.49 cr |work=[[The Economic Times]] |url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2011-01-28/news/28425591_1_interim-dividend-satellite-rights-enthiran |url-status=dead |access-date=4 February 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150204082505/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2011-01-28/news/28425591_1_interim-dividend-satellite-rights-enthiran |archive-date=4 February 2015}}</ref>{{efn|The average exchange rate in 2010 was 45.09 Indian rupees ({{INR}}) per 1 US dollar (US$).<ref name="ex2010">{{Cite web |date=18 May 2012 |title=Rupee vs dollar: From 1990 to 2012 |url=http://www.rediff.com/business/slide-show/slide-show-1-rupee-vs-dollar-in-the-last-2-decades/20120518.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150321115240/http://inwww.rediff.com/business/slide-show/slide-show-1-rupee-vs-dollar-in-the-last-2-decades/20120518.htm?print=true |archive-date=21 March 2015 |access-date=21 March 2015 |website=Rediff.com}}</ref>|name=exchange2010}} ''Enthiran'' was released on 1 October 2010 and yielded a revenue of {{INR}}1.79 billion according to a report by the [[Sun TV Network]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=31 January 2011 |title=Sun Network Report |url=http://www.bseindia.com/bseplus/annualreport/532733/5327330311.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150413074903/http://www.bseindia.com/bseplus/annualreport/532733/5327330311.pdf |archive-date=13 April 2015 |access-date=15 October 2011 |website=[[Bombay Stock Exchange]] |page=46 }}</ref>{{efn|name=exchange2010}} The film garnered awards and nominations in several categories, with particular praise for its cinematography, visual effects, art direction, costume design, and Rajinikanth's performance. The film has won 25 awards from 38 nominations.

At the [[58th National Film Awards]] ceremony, ''Enthiran'' won two awards for [[National Film Award for Best Special Effects|Best Special Effects]] (Mohan) and [[National Film Award for Best Production Design|Best Production Design]] (Cyril).<ref name="National Award">{{Cite web |title=58th National Film Awards for 2010 announced |url=http://dff.nic.in/awards.asp |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131230233408/http://dff.nic.in/awards.asp |archive-date=30 December 2013 |access-date=19 May 2011 |website=[[Directorate of Film Festivals]]}}</ref> The film was nominated in nine categories at the [[58th Filmfare Awards South]], winning [[Filmfare Award for Best Cinematographer – South|Best Cinematographer]] (Rathnavelu), [[Filmfare Award for Best Art Director – South|Best Art Director]] (Cyril), and Best Costume Design ([[Manish Malhotra]]).<ref name="FilmfareSouth" /> At the [[5th Vijay Awards]], the film was nominated in fourteen categories and won in seven, including [[Vijay Award for Best Villain|Best Villain]] and [[Vijay Award for Favourite Hero|Favourite Hero]] (Rajinikanth), [[Vijay Award for Favourite Film|Favourite Film]] (Maran), and [[Vijay Award for Favourite Director|Favourite Director]] (Shankar).<ref name="VijayAwards" /> ''Enthiran'' won three awards at the [[12th IIFA Awards]] under the [[IIFA Award for Best Special Effects|Best Special Effects]], [[IIFA Award for Best Art Direction|Best Art Direction]], and [[IIFA Award for Best Makeup|Best Makeup]] categories.<ref name="IIFA">{{Cite news |date=26 June 2011 |title=SRK beats Salman, bags best actor award |work=[[The Times of India]] |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/top-stories/SRK-beats-Salman-bags-best-actor-award/articleshow/8999488.cms |url-status=live |access-date=10 August 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150810143121/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/top-stories/SRK-beats-Salman-bags-best-actor-award/articleshow/8999488.cms |archive-date=10 August 2015}}</ref> Among other wins, the film received three [[Norway Tamil Film Festival Awards]], two [[Screen Awards]] and [[Ananda Vikatan Cinema Awards]] each, one [[Mirchi Music Awards South|Mirchi Music Award]] and [[Tamil Nadu State Film Awards]] each, and a special award at the 24th [[Tokyo International Film Festival]].

== Awards and nominations ==
[[File:Srinivas Mohan.jpeg|thumb|200px|right|alt=V. Srinivas Mohan|[[V. Srinivas Mohan]] received four nominations for his work in the film, winning all of them.]]
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable"
|-
!scope="col"| Award
!scope="col"| Date of ceremony{{efn|Date is linked to the article about the awards held that year, wherever possible.}}
!scope="col"| Category
!scope="col"| Recipient(s) and nominee(s)
!scope="col"| Result
!scope="col" class="unsortable"| {{Abbr|Ref.|Reference(s)}}
|-
!scope="row" rowspan="2"|[[Ananda Vikatan Cinema Awards]]
|rowspan="2"|13 January 2011
|Best Villain – Male
|[[Rajinikanth]]
|{{won}}
|style="text-align:center;" rowspan="2" |{{center|<ref>{{Cite web |title=2010 Winners List |url=http://www.vikatan.com/cinema/vikatanawards//winners-list-2010.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170519103441/http://www.vikatan.com/cinema/vikatanawards//winners-list-2010.html |archive-date=19 May 2017 |access-date=19 May 2017 |website=[[Ananda Vikatan]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=13 January 2011 |title=Vikatan awards 2010 |url=http://www.ayngaran.com/frame.php?iframepath=newsdetails.php?newsid=4917 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20170519103349/http://www.ayngaran.com/frame.php?iframepath=newsdetails.php?newsid=4917 |archive-date=19 May 2017 |access-date=19 May 2017 |website=[[Ayngaran International]]}}</ref>}}
|-
|Best Costume Designer
|[[Banu (make-up artist)|Banu]]
|{{won}}
|-
!scope="row" rowspan="9"|[[Filmfare Awards South]]
|rowspan="9"|[[58th Filmfare Awards South|2 July 2011]]
|[[Filmfare Award for Best Film – Tamil|Best Film – Tamil]]
|{{sort|Maran|[[Kalanithi Maran]]}}
|{{nom}}
|style="text-align:center;" rowspan="9" |{{center|<ref name="FilmfareSouth">{{Cite episode |title=58th Filmfare Awards South |series=Filmfare Awards South |network=[[Sun TV Network]] |date=2 July 2011}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=58th Idea Filmfare Awards South winners – pages 21, 22, 23 27, 28, 30 |url=http://www.ndtv.com/photos/entertainment/58th-south-filmfare-awards-winners-10839/slide/21 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150122121638/http://www.ndtv.com/photos/entertainment/58th-south-filmfare-awards-winners-10839/slide/21 |archive-date=22 January 2015 |access-date=27 May 2012 |website=[[NDTV]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=4 July 2011 |title=Vedam wins big at Filmfare Awards (South) 2011 |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/report/vedam-wins-big-at-filmfare-awards-2011/20110704.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150811090835/http://www.rediff.com/movies/report/vedam-wins-big-at-filmfare-awards-2011/20110704.htm |archive-date=11 August 2015 |access-date=11 August 2015 |website=Rediff.com}}</ref>}}
|-
|[[Filmfare Award for Best Director – Tamil|Best Director – Tamil]]
|{{sort|Shankar|[[S. Shankar]]}}
|{{nom}}
|-
|[[Filmfare Award for Best Actor – Tamil|Best Actor – Tamil]]
|[[Rajinikanth]]
|{{nom}}
|-
|[[Filmfare Award for Best Music Director – Tamil|Best Music Director – Tamil]]
|{{sort|Rahman|[[A. R. Rahman]]}}
|{{nom}}
|-
|[[Filmfare Award for Best Lyricist – Tamil|Best Lyricist – Tamil]]
|[[Vairamuthu]] for "Kadhal Anukkal"
|{{nom}}
|-
|[[Filmfare Award for Best Female Playback Singer – Tamil|Best Female Playback Singer – Tamil]]
|[[Chinmayi Sripada|Chinmayi]] for "[[Kilimanjaro (song)|Kilimanjaro]]"
|{{nom}}
|-
|[[Filmfare Award for Best Cinematographer – South|Best Cinematographer – South]]
|{{sort|Rathnavelu|[[R. Rathnavelu]]}}
|{{won}}
|-
|[[Filmfare Award for Best Art Director – South|Best Art Director – South]]
|{{sort|Cyril|[[Sabu Cyril]]}}
|{{won}}
|-
|Best Costume Design – South
|{{sort|Malhotra|[[Manish Malhotra]]}}
|{{won}}
|-
!scope="row" rowspan="3"|[[International Indian Film Academy Awards]]
|rowspan="3"|[[12th IIFA Awards|25 July 2011]]
|[[IIFA Award for Best Special Effects|Best Special Effects]]
|{{sort|Mohan|[[V. Srinivas Mohan]]}}
|{{won}}
|style="text-align:center;" rowspan="3" |{{center|<ref name="IIFA" />}}
|-
|[[IIFA Award for Best Art Direction|Best Art Direction]]
|{{sort|Cyril|[[Sabu Cyril]]}}
|{{won}}
|-
|[[IIFA Award for Best Makeup|Best Makeup]]
|[[Banu (makeup artist)|Banu]]
|{{won}}
|-
!scope="row" rowspan="1"|[[Mirchi Music Awards South]]
|rowspan="1"|10 September 2011
|Listener's Choice Award − Album
|{{sort|Rahman|[[A. R. Rahman]]}}
|{{won}} (5th place)
|style="text-align:center;" rowspan="1" |{{center|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mirchi Music Awards Background |url=http://www.radiomirchi.com/mma2010/tamil/index.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150814101444/http://www.radiomirchi.com/mma2010/tamil/index.html |archive-date=14 August 2015 |access-date=14 August 2015 |website=[[Radio Mirchi]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Mirchi Music Awards Listener's Choice |url=http://www.radiomirchi.com/mma2010/tamil/listners_choice2010.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150814101458/http://www.radiomirchi.com/mma2010/tamil/listners_choice2010.html |archive-date=14 August 2015 |access-date=14 August 2015 |website=Radio Mirchi}}</ref>}}
|-
!scope="row" rowspan="2"|[[National Film Awards]]
|rowspan="2"|[[58th National Film Awards|9 September 2011]]
|[[National Film Award for Best Special Effects|Best Special Effects]]
|{{sort|Mohan|[[V. Srinivas Mohan]]}}
|{{won}}
|style="text-align:center;" rowspan="2" |{{center|<ref name="National Award" />}}
|-
|[[National Film Award for Best Production Design|Best Production Design]]
|{{sort|Cyril|[[Sabu Cyril]]}}
|{{won}}
|-
!scope="row" rowspan="3"|[[Norway Tamil Film Festival Awards]]
|rowspan="3"|20{{ndash}}25 April 2011
|Best Production
|{{sort|Maran|[[Kalanithi Maran]]}}
|{{won}}
|style="text-align:center;" rowspan="3" |{{center|<ref>{{Cite web |date=1 April 2011 |title=NTFF 2011: Festival Program 20th-25th April |url=http://www.ntff.no/tamil/%E0%AE%89%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%88%20%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D%20-%20%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%B3%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%81%20%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B4%E0%AE%BE |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150812112347/http://www.ntff.no/tamil/%E0%AE%89%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%88%20%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D%20-%20%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%B3%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%81%20%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B4%E0%AE%BE |archive-date=12 August 2015 |access-date=12 August 2015 |website=[[Norway Tamil Film Festival Awards|ntff.no]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=25 April 2011 |title=Tamilar Awards 2011 – Winners of the year |url=http://www.ntff.no/TamilarAwardWinner2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150812112339/http://www.ntff.no/TamilarAwardWinner2011 |archive-date=12 August 2015 |access-date=12 August 2015 |website=ntff.no}}</ref>}}
|-
|Best Visual Effects
|{{sort|Mohan|[[V. Srinivas Mohan]]}}
|{{won}}
|-
|Best Makeup
|[[Banu (makeup artist)|Banu]]
|{{won}}
|-
!scope="row" rowspan="2"|[[Screen Awards]]
|rowspan="2"|6 January 2011
|[[Screen Award for Best Special Effects|Best Special Effects]]
|{{sort|Mohan|[[V. Srinivas Mohan]]}}
|{{won}}
|style="text-align:center;" rowspan="2" |{{center|<ref>{{Cite web |date=6 January 2011 |title=Winners of 17th Annual Star Screen Awards 2011 |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movies/features/type/view/id/1748/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150126105906/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movies/features/type/view/id/1748/ |archive-date=26 January 2015 |access-date=7 January 2011 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news |date=8 January 2011 |title=Star Screen Awards: B-Town's Big Night |work=[[The Indian Express]] |url=http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/star-screen-awards-btown-s-big-night/734801/ |url-status=live |access-date=10 August 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150810114245/http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/star-screen-awards-btown-s-big-night/734801/ |archive-date=10 August 2015}}</ref>}}
|-
|Spectacular Cutting Edge Technology
|''[[Enthiran]]''
|{{won}}
|-
!scope="row" rowspan="1" | [[Tamil Nadu State Film Awards]]
| rowspan="1" | 13 July 2017
| [[Tamil Nadu State Film Award for Best Female Playback|Best Female Playback]]
| [[Chinmayi Sripada|Chinmayi]] for "[[Kilimanjaro (song)|Kilimanjaro]]"
| {{won}}
| style="text-align:center;" rowspan="1" | <ref>{{Cite news |date=14 July 2017 |title=Tamil Nadu announces the State Film Awards for six consecutive years in surprise move. Here's the complete list of winners |work=The Indian Express |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/tamil/tamil-nadu-announces-the-state-film-awards-for-six-consecutive-years-in-surprise-movie-heres-the-complete-list-of-winners-4750350/ |url-status=live |access-date=21 July 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170721040608/http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/tamil/tamil-nadu-announces-the-state-film-awards-for-six-consecutive-years-in-surprise-movie-heres-the-complete-list-of-winners-4750350/ |archive-date=21 July 2017}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news |date=14 July 2017 |title=TN Govt. announces Tamil Film Awards for six years |work=The Hindu |url=http://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/tn-govt-announces-tamil-film-awards-for-six-years/article19273078.ece |url-status=live |access-date=21 July 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170721040708/http://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/tn-govt-announces-tamil-film-awards-for-six-years/article19273078.ece |archive-date=21 July 2017}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row" rowspan="1"|[[Tokyo International Film Festival]]
|rowspan="1"|22 October 2011
|Winds of Asia – Middle East (Special Mention)
|{{sort|Shankar|[[S. Shankar]]}}
|{{won}}
|style="text-align:center;" rowspan="1" |{{center|<ref>{{Cite web |title=24th Tokyo International Film Festival – List of Winners |url=http://2011.tiff-jp.net/en/tiff/awards.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150121094438/http://2011.tiff-jp.net/en/tiff/awards.html |archive-date=21 January 2015 |access-date=21 January 2015 |website=[[Tokyo International Film Festival]]}}</ref>}}
|-
!scope="row" rowspan="14"|[[Vijay Awards]]
|rowspan="14"|[[5th Vijay Awards|25 June 2011]]
|[[Vijay Award for Best Villain|Best Villain]]
|[[Rajinikanth]]
|{{won}}
|style="text-align:center;" rowspan="14" |{{center|<ref>{{Cite news |date=26 June 2011 |title=Legends steal the show at Close Up Vijay Awards |work=The Hindu |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Chennai/article2135142.ece |url-status=live |access-date=10 August 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150810065248/http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Chennai/article2135142.ece |archive-date=10 August 2015}}</ref> <ref name="VijayAwards">{{Cite episode |title=5th Vijay Awards |series=Vijay Awards |network=[[Star Vijay]] |date=25 June 2011 |location=[[Chennai]]}}</ref>}}
|-
|[[Vijay Award for Best Cinematographer|Best Cinematographer]]
|{{sort|Rathnavelu|[[R. Rathnavelu]]}}
|{{won}}
|-
|[[Vijay Award for Best Art Director|Best Art Director]]
|{{sort|Cyril|[[Sabu Cyril]]}}
|{{nom}}
|-
|[[Vijay Award for Best Female Playback Singer|Best Female Playback Singer]]
|[[Chinmayi Sripada|Chinmayi]] for "[[Kilimanjaro (song)|Kilimanjaro]]"
|{{nom}}
|-
|[[Vijay Award for Best Choreographer|Best Choreographer]]
|{{sort|D'Souza|[[Remo D'Souza]]}} {{sort|Sundaram|[[Raju Sundaram]]}}
|{{nom}}
|-
|[[Vijay Award for Best Stunt Director|Best Stunt Director]]
|{{sort|Hein|[[Peter Hein]]}}
|{{nom}}
|-
|[[Vijay Award for Best Make Up Artistes|Best Make Up Artistes]]
|[[Banu (makeup artist)|Banu]]
|{{won}}
|-
|[[Vijay Award for Best Costume Designer|Best Costume Designer]]
|{{sort|Malhotra|[[Manish Malhotra]]}}
|{{nom}}
|-
|[[Vijay Award for Best Find of the Year|Best Find of the Year]]
|{{sort|D'Souza|[[Remo D'Souza]]}} {{sort|Karky|[[Madhan Karky]]}}
|{{won}}
|-
|[[Vijay Award for Favourite Film|Favourite Film]]
|{{sort|Maran|[[Kalanithi Maran]]}}
|{{won}}
|-
|[[Vijay Award for Favourite Hero|Favourite Hero]]
|[[Rajinikanth]]
|{{won}}
|-
|[[Vijay Award for Favourite Heroine|Favourite Heroine]]
|{{sort|Rai|[[Aishwarya Rai]]}}
|{{nom}}
|-
|[[Vijay Award for Favourite Director|Favourite Director]]
|{{sort|Shankar|[[S. Shankar]]}}
|{{won}}
|-
|[[Vijay Award for Favourite Song|Favourite Song]]
|"[[Kilimanjaro (song)|Kilimanjaro]]"
|{{nom}}
|-
|}

== See also ==
* [[List of Tamil films of 2010]]

== Notes ==
{{Notelist}}

== References ==
{{Reflist|30em}}

== External links ==
* [https://www.imdb.com/title/tt1305797/awards/ Accolades for ''Enthiran''] at the [[Internet Movie Database]]
{{Enthiran franchise}}
{{featured list}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Enthiran}}
[[Category:Enthiran]]
[[Category:Lists of accolades by Indian film]]

Operation X (book)

2026-01-13T09:21:40Z

Yogiindia: created some data v1 - done

{{short description|2019 non-fiction book}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2019}}
{{Infobox book
| name = Operation X: The Untold Story of India's Covert Naval War in East Pakistan
| image = Operation X, The Untold Story of India's Covert Naval War in East Pakistan cover.jpeg
| image_size =
| border =
| alt =
| caption = Book cover
| authors = [[Captain (Indian Navy)|Captain]] [[M.N.R. Samant]], Sandeep Unnithan<ref name="Harper"/>
| audio_read_by =
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| subject =
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| set_in = [[Bangladesh Liberation War]], 1971<ref name="Harper"/>
| publisher = [[HarperCollins|HarperCollins Publishers India]]<ref name="Harper"/>
| publisher2 =
| pub_date =
| english_pub_date =
| published =
| media_type =
| pages = 256<ref>[https://harpercollins.co.in/book/operation-x/ HarperCollins]</ref>
| awards =
| isbn = 9789353570200
| isbn_note =
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| website =
}}
'''''Operation X: The Untold Story of India's Covert Naval War in East Pakistan''''' is a book co-authored by [[Captain (Indian Navy)|Captain]] [[M.N.R. Samant]] and Sandeep Unnithan.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=g7eNDwAAQBAJ Google books]</ref> It is the first known documentation of [[Indian Navy]]'s [[Directorate of Naval Intelligence (India)|Directorate of Naval Intelligence]]'s Operation X, which was undertaken in 1971 during the [[Bangladesh Liberation War]].

== Authors ==
The book is co-authored by Sandeep Unnithan and M.N.R. Samant.

=== Sandeep Unnithan ===
Sandeep Unnithan is a writer and journalist who is an Executive Editor at [[India Today]].<ref name="hindu" /><ref name="launch" />

=== M.N.R. Samant ===
[[Indian Navy]] [[Captain (Indian Navy)|Captain]] [[Mohan Narayan Rao Samant]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.firstpost.com/india/a-1971-bangladesh-war-hero-fades-away-quietly-6393751.html|title=A 1971 Bangladesh war hero fades away, quietly|last=|first=|date=5 April 2019|website=Firstpost|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2019-11-23}}</ref> (1930-2019) was the Staff Officer, G1 of the Naval Commando Operations-X unit. He was decorated with India's second highest gallantry award, the [[Maha Vir Chakra]]. He died on 20 March 2019.<ref name="Harper">{{Cite web|url=https://harperbroadcast.com/2019/04/01/harpercollins-india-brings-you-the-untold-story-of-operation-x/|title=HarperCollins India brings you the untold story of Operation X|last=Broadcast|first=Harper|date=2019-04-01|language=en|access-date=2019-11-23}}</ref><ref name="launch" />

== Launch ==
The book was launched in August 2019 in the presence of both former and incumbent [[Chief of the Naval Staff (India)|Indian Navy Chiefs]], including [[Admiral Sunil Lanba]] and [[Admiral Arun Prakash]]. Former Indian envoy to Pakistan [[Gopalaswami Parthasarathy]] and Commodore A. W. Chowdhury, who led a mutiny against Pakistan, were also present.<ref name="launch">{{Cite news|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/mail-today/story/a-deep-dive-into-navy-s-glorious-history-1579366-2019-08-10|title=A deep dive into Navy's glorious history|last=Sharma|first=Aasheesh|date=10 August 2019|work=[[India Today]]|access-date=23 November 2019}}</ref>

== Description ==
The book represents the first known documentation of Operation-X, which occurred during the 1971 [[Bangladesh Liberation War]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/a-covert-war-that-helped-india-crush-pakistan-in-1971-book-review/1589639|title=A covert war that helped India crush Pakistan in 1971 (Book Review)|last=|first=|date=4 August 2019|website=[[Outlook (Indian magazine)|Outlook]]|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2019-12-06}}</ref><ref name="hindu" /> Operation-X was a three-stage naval [[Special operations|special operation]] of the [[Indian Navy]] which entailed blocking supplies to damage the war waging potential of [[Pakistan]] in the erstwhile [[East Pakistan]]. Captain [[Mihir K. Roy]] and Commander M.N.R Samant led the operation.<ref name="tfe" />

== Reception ==
''[[The Hindu]]'' describes the book to be "catchy and well-laid-out" and considers it to be a valuable documentation of a "world-class" covert operation.<ref name="hindu">{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/books/books-reviews/operation-x-the-untold-story-of-indias-covert-naval-war-in-east-pakistan-review-the-unsung-frogmen-of-the-bangladesh-liberation-war/article29648934.ece|title='Operation X – The Untold Story of India's Covert Naval War in East Pakistan' review: The unsung frogmen of the Bangladesh liberation war|last=Subramaniam|first=Arjun|date=2019-10-12|work=The Hindu|access-date=2019-11-23|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X}}</ref> [[The Tribune (Chandigarh)|''The Tribune'']] describes it as a brilliantly detailed thriller-like book.<ref name="tribune">{{Cite news|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/sunday-special/book-reviews/1971-indian-navy-owned-indian-ocean/826018.html|title=1971: Indian Navy owned Indian Ocean|last=Rajta|first=Subhash|date=1 September 2019|work=The Tribune|access-date=23 November 2019}}</ref> [[The Financial Express (India)|''The Financial Express'']] describes the book as a rare account utilising [[Classified information|classified]] information.<ref name="tfe">{{Cite web|url=https://www.financialexpress.com/defence/book-review-operation-x-the-untold-story-of-indias-covert-naval-war-in-east-pakistan-1971/1653484/|title=Book Review: Operation X – The Untold Story of India's Covert Naval War in East Pakistan 1971|last=Chadha|first=Vivek|date=2019-07-23|website=The Financial Express|language=en-US|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2019-11-23}}</ref> ''[[The Free Press Journal]]'' considers the style of the book to be a “combination of the meticulous detailing by Samant and storytelling of Unnithan”.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/book-reviews/operation-x-an-excellent-account-of-a-covert-war|title=Operation X: An excellent account of a covert war|last=Ambike|first=Rohan|date=8 December 2019|website=The Free Press Journal|language=en|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2019-12-09}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:2019 non-fiction books]]
[[Category:Indian non-fiction books]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian books]]
[[Category:Non-fiction books about espionage]]
[[Category:Collaborative non-fiction books]]
[[Category:Books about Indian intelligence agencies]]
[[Category:HarperCollins books]]

Nilgunj Road

2026-01-12T06:42:14Z

Yogiindia: created some post more to come - done

{{Short description|Road in West Bengal, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2018}}
{{Multiple issues|
{{notability|Geo|date=January 2026}}
{{One source|date=January 2026}}
{{No footnotes|date=January 2026}}
{{Primary sources|date=January 2026}} }}
'''Nilgunj Road''' connects [[Belgharia]] to [[Sodepur]] via [[Agarpara]] in [[North 24 Parganas]]. It runs parallel to [[Barrackpore Trunk Road|B.T. Road]]. [[Narula Institute of Technology]], Agarpara and [[Guru Nanak Institute of Technology]], Sodepur are located on the road.

==References==
{{reflist}}
<ref name=NIT>{{cite web|title=Narula Institute of Technology|url=http://www.nit.ac.in/|website=www.nit.ac.in|accessdate=24 September 2014}}</ref>

[[Category:Roads in Kolkata]]

{{India-road-stub}}

Pallavi Ramisetty

2026-01-06T13:33:49Z

Yogiindia: expanded content

{{short description|Indian actress}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2019}}
{{BLP sources|date=December 2018}}{{Infobox person
| name = Pallavi Ramisetty
| image = File:Pallavi in aadade aadaram.png
| alt =
| caption = Ramisetty in a scene of ''[[Aadade Aadharam]]''
| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1993|10|11|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Avanigadda]], [[Andhra Pradesh]], India
| death_date =
| death_place =
| other_names =
| occupation = Actress
| years_active = 2006{{ndash}}present
| known_for =
| notable_works =
| spouse = {{marriage|Dilip Kumar|2019}}
}}

'''Pallavi Ramisetty''' is an Indian actress who appears in [[Telugu language|Telugu]] television shows. She made her first appearance with ''Rangula Kala'' show on [[ETV (Telugu)|ETV]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/telugu/Pallavi-is-a-big-fan-of-Suriya/articleshow/46164221.cms|title=Pallavi is a big fan of Suriya - Times of India|website=The Times of India|date=8 February 2015 |access-date=2018-12-15}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/telugu/new-show-maate-mantramu-starring-ali-reza-and-pallavi-to-begin-from-tonight/articleshow/64059591.cms|title=New show 'Maate Mantramu', starring Ali Reza and Pallavi to begin from tonight - Times of India|website=The Times of India|date=7 May 2018 |language=en|access-date=2018-12-15}}</ref> She rose to fame with the serials ''Bharyamani'' and ''[[Aadade Aadharam]]''. She won a [[Nandi Awards|Nandi Award for Best Television Actress]] for her appearance in ''Bharyamani''.

== Filmography ==

=== Television ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Year
! Title
!Network
! Role
! Notes
|-
|2006
|''Rangula Kala''
| rowspan="4" |[[ETV (Telugu)|ETV]]
|
|
|-
|2009–2014 || ''Bharyamani''|| Alekhya, Anuradha ||
|-
|2009–2020|| ''[[Aadade Aadharam]]'' || Amrutha ||
|-
| 2014–2022|| ''Attarintiki Daredi''|| Krishnaveni||<ref>{{Cite news|title=Telugu show 'Attarintiki Daredi' completes 2000 episodes - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/telugu/telugu-show-attarintiki-daredi-completes-2000-episodes/articleshow/83840978.cms|access-date=2021-09-16|website=The Times of India|date=25 June 2021 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|2018–2020|| ''[[Maate Mantramu]]''
|[[Zee Telugu]]|| Vasundhara ||
|-
|2021–2023|| [[Paape Maa Jeevanajyothi|''Paape Maa Jeevanajyothi'']]
| rowspan="2" |[[Star Maa]]|| Jyothi ||
|-
|2024–present
|''Intinti Ramayanam''
|Avani
|
|}

== Awards ==

* 2011: [[Nandi Awards|Nandi Award for Best Television Actress]] for ''Bharyamani<ref>{{Cite web|last=vittal|date=2012-11-13|title=2011 బుల్లితెర నందివర్ధనాలు|url=https://www.telugumirchi.com/telugu/story-of-the-day/nandi-awards-for-tv-shows-2011.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230131085327/https://www.telugumirchi.com/telugu/story-of-the-day/nandi-awards-for-tv-shows-2011.html|archive-date=2023-01-31|access-date=2023-01-31|website=www.telugumirchi.com}}</ref>''

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb name|id=nm10117174}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ramisetty, Pallavi}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Actresses from Vijayawada]]
[[Category:Indian television actresses]]
[[Category:Actresses in Telugu television]]
[[Category:Nandi Award winners]]
[[Category:Telugu actresses]]
{{Authority control}}{{India-tv-actor-stub}}
[[Category:21st-century Indian actresses]]
[[Category:1993 births]]
[[Category:Indian soap opera actresses]]

Rony David

2025-12-17T16:04:02Z

Yogiindia:

{{Short description|Indian actor}}
{{Indian patronymic|Rony David|Raj}}
{{BLP sources|date=December 2018}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2018}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Rony David
| image = Rony David Raj 2019.jpg
| caption =
| birth_name =
| birth_date = Rony David Raj
| birth_place = [[Thrissur]], [[Kerala]], India
| othername =
| alma mater = [[Vinayaka Mission's Medical College|Vinayaka Mission's Medical College, Karaikal]]
| education = [[Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery]]
| occupation = {{Flatlist|
* Actor
* physician
* screenwriter
}}
| years_active = 2006–present
| known for = {{Unbulleted_list|''[[Aanandam]]'' (2016)|''[[Kannur Squad]]'' (2023)}}
| spouse = Anju
| children = 2
| relatives = [[Roby Varghese Raj]] (brother) C. T. Rajan (father)
| parents =
}}
'''Rony David Raj''' is an Indian actor and former physician who works in [[Malayalam cinema|Malayalam]] films.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.mathrubhumi.com/movies-music/interview/dr-rony-david-actor-anandam-thrissivaperoor-kliptham-take-off-rony-david-raj-1.2208235|title=അപ്പന് കൈത്താങ്ങാവാന്‍ ഡോക്ടറായി, ആഗ്രഹങ്ങള്‍ നടനാക്കി- ഡോക്ടര്‍ റോണി പറയുന്നു|last=മാധവൻ|first=അനുശ്രീ|work=Mathrubhumi|access-date=2017-11-22}}</ref>

== Personal life ==
Rony David Raj was born in [[Thrissur district|Thrissur]], [[Kerala]]. He is the son of film producer C. T. Rajan.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-11-17 |title=After losing everything with Mahayanam, CT Rajan and family present Mammootty's Kannur Squad: Rony David Raj recounts the tale of a familial triumph |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/malayalam/ct-rajan-and-family-presents-mammoottys-kannur-squad-rony-david-raj-recounts-the-tale-of-a-familial-triumph-89776-8977637/ |access-date=2025-02-23 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> He graduated with a [[Bachelors of Medicine & Surgery]] from [[Vinayaka Mission's Medical College]] in [[Karaikal]] and practiced as a physician at the [[Kerala Institute of Medical Sciences|KIMS Hospital]] in [[Thiruvananthapuram]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2022-03-11 |title=In conversation with Dr. Rony David: Doctor by profession, actor by passion |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/in-conversation-with-dr-rony-david-doctor-by-profession-actor-by-passion/articleshow/90142132.cms |access-date=2024-12-23 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> He is the brother of director and cinematographer, [[Roby Varghese Raj]].

== Filmography ==

=== Films ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Year !! Title !! Role !! class="unsortable" | Notes
|-
| 2006 || ''[[Pachakuthira]]'' || ||
|-
| rowspan=2 | 2007 || ''[[Chotta Mumbai]]'' || Shaji ||
|-
| ''[[Chocolate (2007 film)|Chocolate]]'' || Sunil Abraham ||
|-
| 2008 || ''[[Kurukshetra (2008 film)|Kurukshethra]]'' || Naik Sasi ||
|-
| rowspan=3 | 2009 || ''[[Chattambinadu]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Duplicate (2009 film)|Duplicate]]'' || Vijay ||
|-
| ''[[Daddy Cool (2009 Malayalam film)|Daddy Cool]]'' || Eeshwar ||
|-
| rowspan=5 | 2010 || ''[[Body Guard (2010 film)|Body Guard]]'' || Chandran ||
|-
| ''[[Aagathan]]'' || Akbar Ali ||
|-
| ''[[Best Actor (film)|Best Actor]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Sakudumbam Shyamala]]'' || Arun ||
|-
| ''[[Apoorvaragam]]'' || Mithun Alias ||
|-
| 2011 || ''[[Traffic (2011 film)|Traffic]]'' || Journalist ||
|-
| rowspan=6 | 2012 || ''[[Asuravithu (2012 film)|Asuravithu]]'' || Danny ||
|-
| ''[[Ayalum Njanum Thammil]]'' || Tony Varghese IPS ||
|-
| ''[[Karmayodha]]'' || City Police Commissioner ||
|-
| ''[[Chettayees]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[916 (film)|916]]'' || Lekshmi's brother ||
|-
| ''[[Grandmaster (2012 film)|Grandmaster]]'' || Adarsh ||
|-
| rowspan=2 | 2013 || ''[[Lisammayude Veedu]]'' || CITU Worker ||
|-
| ''[[Oru Indian Pranayakadha]]'' || Police officer ||
|-
| rowspan=4 | 2014 || ''[[Samsaaram Aarogyathinu Haanikaram]]'' || rowspan=2 | Arguing husband || rowspan=2 | Bilingual film; shot in [[Malayalam]] and [[Tamil language|Tamil]]
|-
| ''[[Vaayai Moodi Pesavum]]''
|-
| ''[[Polytechnic (film)|Polytechnic]]'' || Udayan ||
|-
| ''[[Karma Cartel]]'' || Dr. Roy ||
|-
| rowspan=2 | 2015 || ''[[You Too Brutus (film)|You Too Brutus]]'' || Music Director ||
|-
| ''[[Nirnayakam]]'' || Police Commissioner Arun George Varghese ||
|-
| rowspan=6 | 2016 || ''[[Style (2016 film)|Style]]'' || Stephen ||
|-
| ''[[Action Hero Biju]]'' || Constable Subair ||
|-
| ''[[Aanandam]]'' || Chacko Sir || {{nom}} Best Comedian in [[6th South Indian International Movie Awards|2017 SIIMA Awards]]
|-
| ''[[Karinkunnam 6'S]]'' || Felix ||
|-
| ''[[Kolumittayi]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Vettah]]'' || ASP Rajeev ||
|-
| rowspan=4 | 2017 || ''[[Take Off (2017 film)|Take Off]]'' || Shaheed's friend ||
|-
| ''[[The Great Father]]'' || Franco ||
|-
| ''[[Thrissivaperoor Kliptham]]'' || Philip Kannadikkaran ||
|-
| ''[[Matchbox (2017 film)|Matchbox]]'' || Vijay Babu ||
|-
| rowspan=4 | 2018 || ''[[Street Lights (film)|Street Lights]]'' || SI Issac ||
|-
| ''Ankarajyathe Jimmanmar'' || Prakashan ||
|-
| ''[[Kamuki (2018 film)|Kamuki]]'' || James ||
|-
| ''[[Mangalyam Thanthunanena]]'' || George ||
|-
| rowspan=3 | 2019 || ''[[Unda (film)|Unda]]'' || Aji Peter ||<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/unda-new-character-poster-rony-david-to-play-a-police-constable-in-the-mammootty-starrer/articleshow/69231875.cms|title=Rony David to be a police constable in Mammootty starrer 'Unda'|work=Times Of India|date=8 May 2019|access-date=13 September 2021}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Helen (2019 film)|Helen]]'' || Shop Manager ||
|-
| ''[[Kettyolaanu Ente Malakha]]'' || Richard ||<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.digit.in/digit-binge/amp/movies/kettiyollaanu-ente-maalakha-768677.html|title=About Kettiyollaanu Ente Maalakha | work=Digit.in|date=22 November 2019|accessdate=13 September 2021}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan=2 | 2020 || ''[[Forensic (2020 film)|Forensic]]'' || ACP Dano Mammen ||
|-
| ''[[Love (2020 film)|Love]]'' || YouTuber Ajith Chacko ||
|-
| rowspan=7 | 2021 || ''[[Operation Java]]'' || Shruthi's Husband || Photo presence only
|-
| ''[[Nizhal (2021 film)|Nizhal]]'' || Rajan ||
|-
| ''[[Chathur Mukham]]'' || Naveen Joseph ||
|-
| ''Roy'' || SI Suresh ||<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/suraj-venjaramoodu-starrer-roy-calls-it-a-wrap-filming-completed-in-30-days-amid-the-pandemic/articleshow/78535075.cms |title=Suraj Venjaramoodu starrer 'Roy' calls it a wrap; filming completed in 30 days, amid the pandemic |date=7 October 2020|access-date=13 September 2021}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Kaanekkaane]]'' || [[Advocate|Adv.]] Prasanth || Released on [[SonyLIV]]<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.onmanorama.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/2021/09/11/kaanekkaane-digital-release-sonyliv-teaser-launched.html | title=Kaanekkaane' gears up for OTT release, intriguing teaser launched| work= Manorama News Online | date=11 September 2021 | accessdate=13 September 2021}}</ref>
|-
| ''Michael's Coffee House'' || Michael ||<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/jisso-jose-makes-his-debut-with-michaels-coffee-house/articleshow/78460691.cms|title=Dr. Rony David in Michael's Coffee House film |work=Times Of India| date=4 October 2020|access-date=13 September 2021}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Sumesh and Ramesh]]'' || ||
|-
| rowspan=8 | 2022 || ''Sathyam Mathrame Bodhippikkoo'' || Manu ||
|-
| ''[[Karnan Napoleon Bhagath Singh]]'' || Manoj Poovambarampil ||<ref>{{Cite web |title=Trailer of movie 'Karnan Napoleon Bhagat Singh' creating ripples on social media |url=https://www.onmanorama.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/2022/01/23/trailer-karnan-napoleon-bhagat-singh.html |access-date=2023-04-05 |website=OnManorama}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Aaraattu (2022 film)|Aaraattu]]'' || Edathala Babu ||
|-
| ''[[Innale Vare]]'' || Jomy ||
|-
| ''[[Kallan D'Souza]]'' || Muhammad Iqbal ||
|-
| ''[[Vaashi (2022 film)|Vaashi]]'' || Jose ||
|-
| ''E. M. I'' || Alex ||
|-
| ''Roy'' || SI Suresh ||
|-
| rowspan=4 | 2023 || ''[[2018 (film)|2018]]'' || Cleetus ||
|-
|''[[Nalla Nilavulla Rathri]]'' || Peter ||<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-06-30 |title='Nalla Nilavulla Rathri' movie review: Murphy Devassy's directorial debut fails to live up to its interesting premise |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/nalla-nilavulla-rathri-movie-review-murphy-devassys-directorial-debut-fails-to-live-up-to-its-interesting-premise/article67026869.ece |access-date=2023-07-23 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Kannur Squad]]'' || CPO Jayakumar P. Vasu ||Also screenwriter<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-09-21 |title=Mammootty's 'Kannur Squad' censored with a U/A; the film to release on September 28 |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/mammoottys-kannur-squad-censored-with-u/a-the-film-to-release-on-september-28/articleshow/103828712.cms |access-date=2023-09-23 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Pazhanjan Pranayam]]'' || Mohan||<ref>{{Cite web |title=Trailer of Pazhanjan Pranayam is out |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/malayalam/news/2023/nov/16/trailer-of-pazhanjan-pranayam-is-out-49613.html |access-date=2023-11-20 |website=[[Cinema Express]] |date=16 November 2023 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan=3 | 2024 || ''[[Partners (2024 film)|Partners]]'' || Vijay||<ref>{{Cite web |last=Santhosh |first=Vivek |date=2024-06-12 |title=Dhyan Sreenivasan-starrer Partners gets a release date |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/malayalam/news/2024/Jun/12/dhyan-sreenivasan-starrer-partners-gets-a-release-date |access-date=2024-06-12 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Gumasthan]]'' || CI Hameed ||<ref>{{Cite web |last=Features |first=C. E. |date=2024-09-24 |title=Gumasthan trailer: Dileesh Pothan and Bibin George's film promises a gripping crime thriller |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/malayalam/news/2024/Sep/24/gumasthan-trailer-dileesh-pothan-and-bibin-georges-film-promises-a-gripping-crime-thriller |access-date=2024-09-24 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Her (2024 film)|Her]]'' || Satheesh || Released on [[ManoramaMAX]]
|-
| rowspan=4 | 2025 || ''Ariku'' || ||<ref>{{Cite web |last=Santhosh |first=Vivek |date=2025-02-12 |title=KSFDC production Ariku gets a release date |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/malayalam/news/2025/Feb/12/ksfdc-production-ariku-gets-a-release-date |access-date=2025-02-27 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Detective Ujjwalan]]'' || SI Sachin ||<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mullappilly |first=Sreejith |date=2025-04-14 |title=Dhyan Sreenivasan's Detective Ujjwalan gets release date |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/malayalam/news/2025/Apr/14/dhyan-sreenivasans-detective-ujjwalan-gets-release-date |access-date=2025-04-16 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[United Kingdom of Kerala]]'' || ||<ref>{{Cite web |last=Daily |first=Keralakaumudi |title='United Kingdom of Kerala', first-look poster released by Prithviraj and Dulquer Salmaan |url=https://keralakaumudi.com/en/news/news.php?id=1477798&u=united-kingdom-of-kerala-first-look-poster-released-by-prithviraj-and-dulquer-salmaan-1477798 |access-date=2025-06-19 |website=Keralakaumudi Daily |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| {{Pending film| [[Nellikkampoyil Night Riders]]}} || {{TableTBA}} ||<ref>{{Cite web |last=Desk |first=Cinema Express |date=2025-09-04 |title=Mathew Thomas-starrer Night Riders gets a release date |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/malayalam/news/2025/Sep/04/mathew-thomas-starrer-night-riders-gets-a-release-date |access-date=2025-09-10 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|}

=== Short films ===
{| class="wikitable"
! Year !! Title !! Role !! Notes
|-
|2012
|''Oru Kutty Chodyam''
|Akku's father
|
|-
|2015||''Open Your Mind''||Rahul||<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/bhavanas-short-film-goes-viral/articleshow/48360777.cms|title="Bhavan's short film Open Your Mind goes viral"|work=Times Of India |date=5 August 2015|access-date=13 September 2021}}</ref>
|-
|2019||''The Confession''|| Father ||
|-
|2020||''Priyappetta Sarammakk''|| Sir || Advertisement film for ''English Lakshya''
|-
|2021||''Raman Effect''|| The Husband ||
|-
| rowspan="2" |2022||''Night Saloon''|| Manaf || <ref>
{{YouTube|channel=UClxIZnM67zOfJvdqqidlsFQ|title=Nerambokku|link=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VwI8fhCWdx0}}- watch
[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VwI8fhCWdx0 NIGHT SALOON Malayalam Short Film]
</ref>
|-
|''Indira''
|Rajiv Chandrabose
|
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb name|4236361}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:David, Rony}}
[[Category:Indian male film actors]]
[[Category:Male actors in Malayalam cinema]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian male actors]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

M. C. Mehta v. Union of India and Others

2025-11-06T05:23:58Z

Yogiindia: created some details first draft

{{Short description|Landmark environmental law case in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2025}}

{{Use Indian English|date=June 2024}}
{{Infobox court case
| name =
| court = [[Supreme Court of India]]
| image = Emblem of the Supreme Court of India 2025.svg
| date_decided = 30 December 1996
| citations = (1997) 2 SCC 353
| prior_actions = Concerns over pollution damaging the Taj Mahal
| subsequent_actions = Ongoing monitoring and further orders by the Supreme Court regarding the Taj Trapezium Zone.
| judges = Kuldip Singh, Faizan Uddin
| keywords = Environmental law, Public Interest Litigation, Precautionary Principle, Polluter Pays Principle, Sustainable Development, Protection of cultural heritage
}}

'''M. C. Mehta vs. Union of India & Ors. (1996)''', (1997) 2 SCC 353, also known as '''Taj Trapezium Case''', was a landmark [[public interest litigation]] (PIL) in the Indian environmental law decided by the [[Supreme Court of India]] that recognized the environmental threat to the [[Taj Mahal|Taj Mahal's]] cultural and historical significance from industrial pollution. The judgement banned the use of [[coal]], [[Coke (fuel)|coke]], and other polluting industries in the [[Taj Trapezium Zone]] (TTZ), a 10,400 square kilometer area around the monument. The decision was rendered on December 30, 1996 by a Division Bench consisting of Justice [[Kuldip Singh (judge)|Kuldip Singh]] and Justice [[Faizanuddin|Faizan Uddin]].

The case was initiated by prominent environmental lawyer [[M. C. Mehta]], who filed a PIL in 1984. The petition highlighted the deteriorating condition of the Taj Mahal's white marble which was turning yellow due to air pollution from nearby industries, particularly foundries, chemical plants, and the [[Mathura Refinery]]. The judgment is noted for its application of the [[precautionary principle]] and the [[polluter pays principle]], and for prioritizing the protection of cultural heritage and the environment over industrial development that is unsustainable. The case also set a strong precedent for the use of important environmental principles in court proceedings.

== Background ==
Concerns regarding the environmental integrity of the Taj Mahal emerged in the late 1970s,<ref>{{Citation |last1=Chalana |first1=Manish |title=Introduction: Untangling heritage conservation in postcolonial India |date=2020-12-29 |work=Heritage Conservation in Postcolonial India |pages=1–22 |url=https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003109426-1 |access-date=2025-06-10 |place=Abingdon, Oxon; New York: Routledge, 2021. |publisher=Routledge |doi=10.4324/9781003109426-1 |isbn=978-1-003-10942-6 |last2=Krishna |first2=Ashima |url-access=subscription}}</ref> coinciding with the commissioning of the [[Mathura Refinery]], an oil refinery located approximately 40 kilometers northwest of the monument.{{sfn|Dowdey|2007}}{{sfn|Jayalakshmi|2014}}<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Twilight of the Taj |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/resources/idt-sh/twilight_of_the_taj |access-date=2025-06-10 |website=www.bbc.co.uk |language=en-GB}}</ref> In response to public and parliamentary apprehension, the [[Government of India]] appointed an expert committee in 1977, chaired by Dr. S. Varadarajan, to assess the potential environmental impact of the refinery on the monument.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Divan |first1=Shyam |title=Environmental Law and Policy in India: Cases, Materials and Statutes |last2=Rosencranz |first2=Armin |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2022 |isbn= |edition=3rd |page=256}}</ref> The committee's 1978 report confirmed that pollutants, primarily [[sulfur dioxide]] emitted from the refinery and other local industries like iron foundries and glassworks, posed a significant threat.<ref name=":3" /><ref>{{Cite news |date=3 December 2010 |title=The Taj Mahal is falling victim to chronic pollution |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/picturegalleries/worldnews/8179264/The-Taj-Mahal-is-falling-victim-to-chronic-pollution.html |access-date=10 January 2022 |work=The Telegraph}}{{cbignore}}</ref> It detailed how atmospheric sulfur dioxide could convert into sulfuric acid and, through [[acid rain]], cause "sulfation," a process that corrodes and yellows the monument's marble facade.<ref name=":2" /> Additionally, [[Particulates|suspended particulate matter]], including soot from the burning of [[fossil fuel]]s, settled on the facade, contributing to its yellowing.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-08-14 |title=The Taj Mahal is turning yellow – and time is running out to restore it |url=https://www.the-independent.com/arts-entertainment/architecture/taj-mahal-yellow-brown-air-pollution-acid-rain-restoration-india-architecture-a8489486.html |access-date=2025-06-10 |website=The Independent |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=What Really Ails the Taj Mahal? |url=https://thewire.in/urban/what-really-ails-the-taj-mahal |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200812184339/https://thewire.in/urban/what-really-ails-the-taj-mahal |archive-date=12 August 2020 |access-date=3 September 2020 |work=The Wire}}</ref>
[[File:The front view of the damage being done to the Taj Mahal by pollution.jpg|thumb|330x330px|Taj Mahal shown (edited to highlight damage) with the areas and degree of damage and yellowish tinge due to corrosion of the marble surface from nitrous and sulfuric acid present in the air.]]
A key recommendation of the Varadarajan Committee was the creation of a protected zone around the monument. Based on this, the Central Board for the Prevention and Control of Water Pollution (now the [[Central Pollution Control Board]]) formally defined and proposed the creation of the Taj Trapezium Zone (TTZ), a trapezium-shaped area covering {{convert|10400|km2|sqmi|adj=on}},<ref name=":5">{{cite web |date=30 April 1997 |title=Toxons and the Taj |url=http://www.unesco.org/courier/2000_07/uk/signe.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080526021559/http://www.unesco.org/courier/2000_07/uk/signe.htm |archive-date=26 May 2008 |access-date=7 February 2015 |work=UNESCO}}</ref> which included the districts of [[Agra]], [[Firozabad]], [[Mathura]], [[Hathras]] and [[Bharatpur district|Bharatpur]],<ref name="TTZ Authority">{{cite web |title=Taj Trapezium Zone (TTZ) |url=http://www.ttzagra.com/ |accessdate=2024-06-10 |website=ttzagra.com}}</ref> and within which stringent pollution control measures were advised.<ref name="Shodhganga">{{cite web |title=Chapter IV: Legal and Institutional Framework for Controlling Air Pollution in the Taj Trapezium Zone |url=https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/10839/9/09_chapter%204.pdf |accessdate=2024-06-10 |publisher=Shodhganga@INFLIBNET |pages=105–106 }}</ref> The committee also recommended closing down two major thermal power stations and replacing coal with cleaner diesel in railway shunting yards.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title="Robert Environmental Impact of Mathura Refinery" (Varadharajan Committee) |url=http://www.ttzagra.com/docs/StudyReport/VARADHARAJAN%20COMMITTEE.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250427061452/http://www.ttzagra.com/docs/StudyReport/VARADHARAJAN%20COMMITTEE.pdf |archive-date=27 April 2025 |access-date=2025-06-10 |website=www.ttzagra.com |url-status=live }}</ref>

Despite these early findings and recommendations, a comprehensive action plan was not fully implemented. By the early 1980s, the monument's deterioration was visibly apparent.<ref>{{Cite news |last= |date=2015-12-08 |title=Pollution could deface monuments |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/pollution-could-deface-monuments/article7962899.ece |access-date=2025-06-10 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN}}</ref> This inaction prompted environmental lawyer M. C. Mehta to file a public interest litigation before the Supreme Court of India in 1984.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=How to Save the Taj Mahal? |url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/how-to-save-the-taj-mahal-49355859/ |access-date=2025-06-10 |website=Smithsonian Magazine |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=1996-05-13 |title=The Taj Mahal Man |url=https://www.outlookindia.com/society/the-taj-mahal-man-news-201409 |access-date=2025-06-10 |website=Outlook India |language=en}}</ref> His petition alleged that the state authorities had failed in their constitutional and statutory duty to protect a monument of national and international importance.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=M.C. Mehta vs Union Of India & Ors on 30 December, 1996 |url=https://indiankanoon.org/doc/1964392/ |access-date=2025-06-10 |website=indiankanoon.org}}</ref> During the prolonged litigation that followed, the Supreme Court commissioned further studies, including four reports by the [[National Environmental Engineering Research Institute]] (NEERI), which reinforced the earlier findings and provided an updated, extensive scientific basis for the court's eventual judgment.<ref name="Shodhganga" />

== Judgment ==
[[File:Taj Trapezium Zone.png|alt=The area of Taj Trapezium Zone established per ruling by the court order.|thumb|The area of Taj Trapezium Zone established per ruling by the court order.]]
On December 30, 1996, a Division Bench of the Supreme Court, comprising Justices Kuldip Singh and Faizan Uddin, delivered the final judgment in favour of M. C. Mehta. The Court found that the pollutants from coke and coal-consuming companies were causing severe damage to the Taj Mahal and its surroundings in the Taj Trapezium Zone (TTZ). It recognised the immense cultural value of the Taj Mahal and other historic sites in Agra and the need of their preservation for future generations.<ref name=":2" />

The judgment applied key principles of environmental law, such as sustainable development, precautionary principle, and polluter pays, along with Articles 21, 47, 48A, 51(A)(g) of the [[Constitution of India|Indian constitution]] and existing environment laws such as The Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974, the Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981 and the Environmental Protection Act, 1986 to address the issue.<ref name=":4">{{Cite journal |last=Katiyar |first=Deepali |date=2022-01-01 |title=The Taj Trapezium Case: An Analysis |url=https://heinonline.org/HOL/LandingPage?handle=hein.journals/injlolw5&div=308&id=&page= |journal=Indian Journal of Law and Legal Research}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=thelegalquorum |date=2024-04-20 |title=M.C.MEHTA VS UNION OF INDIA & ORS (TAJ TRAPEZIUM CASE) |url=https://thelegalquorum.com/m-c-mehta-vs-union-of-india-ors-taj-trapezium-case/ |access-date=2025-06-10 |website=The Legal Quorum |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Singhal |first=Harshita |last2=Koonan |first2=Sujith |date=May 31, 2021 |title=Polluter Pays Principle in India: Assessing Conceptual Boundaries and Implementation Issues |url=https://ssrn.com/abstract=3857632 |journal=Rgnul Student Research Review |volume=7(2), 2021 |via=SSRN}}</ref>

The court held that the use of coal and coke be banned in the TTZ and the 292 named entities in the petition shift to compressed natural gas as their industrial fuel, failing which they must cease operations within TTZ. The court also directed the state to provided employment assurance and relocation assistance including compensation for the workers impacted by the transition.<ref name=":4" />

== Aftermath and legacy ==
The judgment had a significant and lasting impact on environmental governance in India.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-12-23 |title=THE TAJ TRAPEZIUM CASE; AN ANALYSIS ON THE LANDMARK CASE Of ENVIRONMENT LAW » Lawful Legal |url=https://lawfullegal.in/the-taj-trapezium-case-an-analysis-on-the-landmark-case-of-environment-law/ |access-date=2025-06-17 |language=en-US}}</ref> It led to the closure and relocation of numerous polluting industries from Agra and mandated a shift to cleaner technologies for those that remained. The case set a strong precedent for judicial intervention in matters of environmental protection and the safeguarding of cultural heritage. In 1999, the Supreme Court further ordered closure of 53 iron foundries and 107 other factories in Agra that had not followed its order.<ref name=":5" />

The Taj Trapezium Zone Authority was established as a statutory body to oversee the implementation of the court's directives and manage the environmental conditions in the region. The Supreme Court has continued to monitor the situation in the TTZ, issuing further orders over the years to address ongoing environmental threats, including vehicular pollution and deforestation.<ref>{{cite web |date=2024-03-26 |title=Taj Trapezium Zone Tree Felling: Supreme Court Recalls 2019 Order to Protect Green Cover - Doon Law Mentor |url=https://doonlawmentor.com/taj-trapezium-zone-tree-felling-supreme-court-recalls-2019-order-to-protect-green-cover/ |access-date=2024-06-10}}</ref>

Despite the judgment, challenges in controlling pollution in the TTZ persist.<ref name=":2" /> Issues such as illegal industrial operations, vehicular emissions, and pollution of the [[Yamuna River]] continue to pose a threat to the Taj Mahal.<ref name=":0" /> The case remains an active file in the Supreme Court, with various applications and reports being periodically reviewed by the court.

== See also ==

* [[M. C. Mehta]]
* [[Environmental law in India]]
* [[Public interest litigation in India]]
* [[List of landmark court decisions in India]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

=== Books ===
* Dalima Arora, {{Google books|id=PQ8LEAAAQBAJ|title=Conservation, Sustainability, and Environmental Justice in India}}
* L. Bhullar, Polluter Pays Principle: Scope and limits of Judicial Decisions, 152 in Indian Environmental Law: Key Concepts and Principles (Shibani Ghosh, 1st ed., 2019).

[[Category:1996 in Indian law]]
[[Category:Taj Mahal]]
[[Category:Environmental law in India]]
[[Category:History of Agra]]
[[Category:Supreme Court of India cases in 1996]]

Akrabad

2025-10-27T06:51:34Z

Yogiindia: Redirect article

#REDIRECT [[Aligarh district]]

S. N. Sethuram

2025-09-24T10:10:26Z

Yogiindia:

{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2020}}
{{BLP sources|date=February 2016}}
{{Infobox person
| name = S. N. Sethuram
| image =
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1953|01|23|df=y}}
| birth_place = Hassan
| death_date =
| death_place =
| occupation = Actor, Director, Playwright, Deputy Commissioner (Ret.) in Income Tax Department, The Government of India.
| spouse =
| footnotes =
| parents =
| children =
}}

'''S N Sethuram''' is an Indian [[Kannada]] TV serial actor, director, playwright and writer.

He was inspired by authors like [[Leo Tolstoy]], [[Nikolai Gogol]], [[Alexander Pushkin|Aleksandr Puskin]], [[Anton Chekhov|Anton Chekov]] and other Russian authors.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://bangaloremirror-indiatimes-com.cdn.ampproject.org/v/s/bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/lounge/chinwag-with-sn-sethuram/amp_articleshow/21188761.cms?usqp=mq331AQCKAE=&amp_js_v=0.1|title=Chinwag with... SN Sethuram - Bangalore Mirror|website=bangaloremirror-indiatimes-com.cdn.ampproject.org|access-date=2019-11-03}}</ref>

==Works==
===Serials===
*''[[Mayamruga]]'' - Actor
*''[[Manthana]]'' - Director and Actor
* '' [[Anavarana]]'' - Director and Actor
* '' [[Dibbana]]'' - Director and Actor
* '' [[Yugantara]]'' - Director and Actor

===Dramas===
* [[Nimitta play|Nimitta]] (2013)
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0NRihy1gF4M&t=899s Gati] (2014) <ref>{{cite news |title= Sethuram directs and acts in Gati |url= http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/theatre/Sethuram-directs-and-acts-in-Gati/articleshow/45434256.cms |work= [[The Times of India]] | date= 9 December 2014 |accessdate= 17 February 2016}}</ref>
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0NRihy1gF4M Atheeta] (2014) <ref>{{cite news |title= Living in a dilemma
|url= http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/theatre/Living-in-a-dilemma/articleshow/50542327.cms
|work= [[The Times of India]] | date= 12 January 2016 |accessdate= 17 February 2016}}</ref>
* [[Uchchista play|Uchchista]] (2019-Sep-26)
* [[Sthree play|Sthree]] (2021-Feb-10)

=== Films ===

* [[Stabiliti]] (2021)<ref>{{Cite news|title=Kannada indie sci-fi film Stabiliti was made under Rs 5 lakh: Makers - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/kannada-indie-sci-fi-film-stabiliti-was-made-under-rs-5-lakh-makers/articleshow/82481929.cms|access-date=2021-05-09|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=This Upcoming Indie Kannada Sci-Fi Crime Thriller Needs To Be On Your Watchlist!|url=https://www.whatshot.in/bangalore/stabiliti-kannada-movie-c-29512|access-date=2021-05-09|website=Whats Hot|language=en}}</ref>

==Awards==
* Maasti award - 2017

==Literary works==
* Nimittha Gathi - 2017
* Navalla - 2017
* Dahana - 2018
All books <ref>{{cite web |title=Books by Sn Sethuram - SapnaOnline.com |url=https://www.sapnaonline.com/shop/Publisher/Sn%20Sethuram |website=www.sapnaonline.com |accessdate=4 June 2019}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

{{Improve categories |date =May 2024}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sethuram, S.N.}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1953 births]]
[[Category:Indian television directors]]
[[Category:Kannada people]]
[[Category:People from Hassan]]

Manua Gram Panchayat

2025-07-21T14:47:09Z

Yogiindia: created some article w/ infobox

{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name =Manua
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type =Gram Panchayat
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Bihar
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Bihar, India
| coordinates = {{coord|25|39|53.0|N|85|14|35.3|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Bihar]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[vaishali district|vaishali]]
| subdivision_type3
=Assembly Constituency
| subdivision_name3
=[[Hajipur (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|hajipur assembly constituency (AC.123)]]<ref>[http://ceobihar.nic.in/map/include/AC123.pdf The Chief Electoral Officer of Bihar official,hajipur pdf ]</ref>
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| parts_type = [[Taluka]]s
| parts =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total =
| population_as_of =
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = 
| postal_code =
| registration_plate =
| website =
| iso_code = [[ISO 3166-2:IN|IN-BR]]
| footnotes =
}}
'''Manua''' is a [[Gram Panchayat]] in Hajipur, [[Vaishali district]], Bihar, India.

==Geography ==
This panchayat is located at {{coord|25|45|09.7|N|85|12|08.5|E|type:panchayat}}

==Villages==
There are villages in this panchayat<ref>[http://panchayatdirectory.gov.in/adminreps/viewGPmapcvills.asp?gpcode=99323&rlbtype=V Reports of National Panchayat Directory Ministry of Panchayati Raj Government of India List of Census Villages mapped for MANUA Gram Panchayat, HAJIPUR, VAISHALI, BIHAR ] Report printed on 26/09/2014 National Panchayat Portal, Panchayat Informatics Division</ref>

{|class="wikitable"
|-
!s.n
|
!villages
|-
| 1||||Phulhara Ishak
|-
| 2||||Chak Dindayal Chak Rafik
|-
| 3||||Chak Ahmad
|-
| 4||||Salemabad
|-
| 5||||Shahzadpur Jitwar Chak
|-
| 6||||Manua Bhagwan
|-
| 7||||Manua Alah Baksh
|-
| 8||||Manua Khalak Dad
|-
| 9||||Shahzadpur Jitwar
|-
| 10||||Manua
|-
| 11||||Murgia Chak
|-
| 12||||Chak Khudan
|-
| 13||||Rae Dih
|-
| 14||||Shiurampur
|-
| 15||||Chak Hafiz Amanullah
|-
| 16||||Chak Mahmudpur Ali Urf Hargobi
|-
|
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{panchayat of Hajipur block}}
{{Tirhut Division}}

[[Category:Gram panchayats in Bihar]]
[[Category:Villages in Vaishali district]]
[[Category:Vaishali district]]
[[Category:Hajipur]]

Prabhudas Sunil Tirkey

2025-02-28T00:30:45Z

Yogiindia: created a article from scratch

{{Short description|Indian Lutheran bishop}}
{{Infobox Christian leader
| honorific_prefix = [[The Most Reverend]]
| name = Prabhudas Sunil Tirkey
| native_name = प्रभुदास सुनील तिर्की
| church = [[Lutheran]]
| see = [[North Western Gossner Evangelical Lutheran Church|N.W.G.E.L.Church]]
| appointed = 1997
| term_start = 1997
| term_end = 2007
| predecessor = [[Nirmal Minz|Rev.Nirmal Minz]]
| successor = [[Nirdosh Lakra|Rev.Nirdosh Lakra]]
| nationality = [[India]]n
| term = 1997-2007
}}
'''Prabhudas Sunil Tirkey''' was an Indian [[Lutheranism|Lutheran]] [[bishop]] who served as the second bishop of [[North Western Gossner Evangelical Lutheran Church]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=About NWGEL |url=http://www.nwgelcommunity.in/p/about-nwgel.html |access-date=2024-02-19 |website=NWGEL COMMUNITY}}</ref> from 1997 to 2007.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Shiv Charan Singh |date=2003-07-08 |title=After split, church sects in assets battle - Bishop P. D. S. Tirkey |url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1030708/asp/ranchi/story_2142619.asp |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121102175625/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1030708/asp/ranchi/story_2142619.asp |archive-date=2012-11-02 |access-date=2024-04-12 |website=[[The Telegraph (India)|The Telegraph]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Prabhu Das Sunil Tirkey v. G.E.L. Church, Jharkhand High Court, Judgment, Law, casemine.com |url=https://www.casemine.com/judgement/in/5ac5e38e4a93261a1a768c25 |access-date=2024-02-24 |website=www.casemine.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=tojsiab |title=उत्तर पश्चिमी गोस्नर इवेंजेलिकल लूथरन चर्च इतिहास देखें अर्थ और सामग्री - hmoob.in |url=https://www.hmoob.in/wiki/North_Western_Gossner_Evangelical_Lutheran_Church |access-date=2024-02-24 |website=www.hmoob.in |language=en}}</ref>

== References ==
<references />

[[Category:Year of birth missing]]
[[Category:Year of death missing]]
[[Category:Lutheran bishops in Asia]]
[[Category:Lutheranism in India]]

{{India-reli-bio-stub}}
{{Lutheran-bishop-stub}}

Koorapalayam

2025-02-13T19:44:10Z

Yogiindia: Creating first details from scratch

{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}
{{Infobox settlement
|name = Koorapalayam
|native_name =
|native_name_lang = ta
|other_name =
|settlement_type = [[Neighbourhood]]
|image_skyline =
|image_alt =
|image_caption =
|nickname =
|image_map =
|map_alt =
|map_caption =
|pushpin_map = Tamil Nadu
|pushpin_label_position =
|pushpin_map_alt =
|pushpin_map_caption = Koorapalayam, Erode (Tamil Nadu)
|coordinates = {{coord|11.310080|N|77.630390|E|display=inline,title}}
|subdivision_type = [[Country]]
|subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
|subdivision_type1 = [[States and Territories of India|State]]
|subdivision_name1 = [[File:TamilNadu Logo.svg|23x16px|border|alt=Tamil Nadu]][[Tamil Nadu]]
|subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
|subdivision_name2 = [[Erode district]]
|established_title = <! -- Established -->
|government_type =
|government_body =
|unit_pref = Metric
|area_footnotes =
|area_rank =
|area_total_km2 =
|elevation_footnotes =
|elevation_m = 250
|elevation_ft =
|population_total =
|population_as_of =
|population_rank =
|population_density_km2 =
|demographics_type1 = [[Language]]s
|demographics1_title1 = [[Official]]
|demographics1_info1 = [[Tamil language|Tamil]], English
|timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|utc_offset1 = +5:30
|postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
|postal_code = 638107
|area_code_type = [[Telephone]] Code
|area_code = +91424xxxxxxx
|registration_plate =
|blank1_name_sec1 = Other [[Neighborhood]]s
|blank1_info_sec1 = [[Erode]], [[Thindal, Erode|Thindal]], [[Nasiyanur]], [[Nanjanapuram]], Mettukkadai, [[Perundurai]], Veerappampalayam, Pazhayapalayam, [[Veppampalayam]], [[Pavalathampalayam]], [[Kathirampatti]] and [[Villarasampatti]]
|blank2_name_sec1 = Municipal body
|blank2_info_sec1 = [[Erode City Municipal Corporation]]
|blank3_name_sec1 = [[District Magistrate|District Collector]]
|blank3_info_sec1 = Krishnan Unni, I. A. S.
|blank4_name_sec1 = [[Lok Sabha|LS]]
|blank4_info_sec1 = [[Erode Lok Sabha constituency]]
|blank5_name_sec1 = [[Vidhan Sabha|VS]]
|blank5_info_sec1 = [[Erode West Assembly constituency]]
|blank6_name_sec1 = [[Member of parliament|MP]]
|blank6_info_sec1 = [[A. Ganeshamurthi]]
|blank7_name_sec1 = [[Member of Legislative Assembly (India)|MLA]]
|blank7_info_sec1 = [[S. Muthusamy]]
|website = https://erode.nic.in
|footnotes =
}}

'''Koorapalayam''' is a neighbourhood in [[Erode district]] of [[Tamil Nadu]] state in the peninsular India.<ref>{{Cite book |author=India Director of Census Operations, Tamil Nadu |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eQtAAAAAMAAJ&q=Koorapalayam |title=District Census Handbook: Series 19: Tamil Nadu: A-B. Coimbatore (2 v. ) |date=1972 |publisher=Director of Stationery and Printing |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |author=India Election Commission |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MpO2AAAAIAAJ&dq=Koorapalayam&pg=PA458 |title=Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 1976 |date=1976 |publisher=Election Commission, India |language=en}}</ref>

Koorapalayam is located at an altitude of about 250 m above the mean sea level with the geographical coordinates of {{coord|11.310080|N|77.630390|E}}.<ref>{{Cite web |title=GeoHack – Koorapalayam |url=https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Koorapalayam&params=11.310080_N_77.630390_E_type:city_region:IN |access-date=2023-02-16 |website=geohack.toolforge.org}}</ref>

Maduriveeran Temple<ref>{{Cite web |title=Arulmigu Maduraiveeran Temple, Koorapalayam, Koorapalayam – 638051, Erode District [TM011803]. |url=https://hrce.tn.gov.in/hrcehome/index_temple.php?tid=11803 |access-date=2023-02-16 |website=hrce.tn.gov.in}}</ref> and Chinnamman Nattarayasamy Temple<ref>{{Cite web |title=Arulmigu Chinnamman Nattarayasamy Temple, Koorapalayam, Perundurai, Perundurai – 638052, Erode District [TM010394].,Chinnamman Natarayan Swamy,Chinnamman Natarayan Swamy |url=https://hrce.tn.gov.in/hrcehome/index_temple.php?tid=10394 |access-date=2023-02-16 |website=hrce.tn.gov.in}}</ref> situated here are under the control of Hindu Religious and Charitable Endowments Department, Government of Tamil Nadu.

Koorapalayam area falls under the [[Erode West Assembly constituency]]. The winner of the election held in the year 2021 as the member of its assembly constituency is [[S. Muthusamy]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-05-02 |title=Erode (West) Election Result 2021 Live Updates: Muthusamy S of DMK Wins |url=https://www.news18.com/news/politics/erode-west-election-result-2021-live-updates-erode-west-winner-loser-leading-trailing-mla-margin-3696473.html |access-date=2023-02-16 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref> Also, this area belongs to [[Erode Lok Sabha constituency]]. The winner of the election held in the year 2019, as the member of its Lok Sabha constituency is [[A. Ganeshamurthi]].

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Neighbourhoods in Erode]]

{{Erode-geo-stub}}

Rizwan Ahmed (cricketer)

2025-01-05T22:07:25Z

Yogiindia: adjust article after review and corrected details per standard format

{{Short description|Pakistani cricketer (born 1978)}}
{{For|other people named Rizwan Ahmed|Rizwan Ahmed (disambiguation)}}
{{distinguish|Rizwan Ahmed (cricketer, born 1976)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2024}}
{{Infobox cricketer
| name = Rizwan Ahmed
| image =
| country = Pakistan
| fullname = Rizwan Ahmed Farid
| nickname =
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1978|10|1|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Hyderabad, Sindh|Hyderabad]], [[Sindh]], Pakistan
| heightft =
| heightinch =
| heightm =
| batting = Right-handed
| bowling = Right-arm [[leg spin]]
| role = [[All-rounder]]
| family =
| international = true
| testdebutdate =
| testdebutyear =
| testdebutagainst =
| testcap =
| lasttestdate =
| lasttestyear =
| lasttestagainst =
| oneodi = true
| odidebutdate = 2 February
| odidebutyear = 2008
| odidebutagainst = Zimbabwe
| odicap = 167
| lastodidate = 2 February
| lastodiyear = 2008
| lastodiagainst = Zimbabwe
| odishirt =
| club1 = [[Hyderabad cricket team (Pakistan)|Hyderabad]]
| year1 = 1998–2008
| club3 = [[Dadu cricket team|Dadu]]
| year3 = 2002–2003
| club2 = [[Khan Research Laboratories cricket team|Khan Research Laboratories]]
| year2 = 1999–2000
| columns = 4
| column1 = [[One Day International|ODI]]
| matches1 = 1
| runs1 = –
| bat avg1 = –
| 100s/50s1 = –
| top score1 = –
| deliveries1 = 24
| wickets1 = 0
| bowl avg1 = –
| fivefor1 = –
| tenfor1 = –
| best bowling1 = –
| catches/stumpings1 = 1/–
| column2 = [[First-class cricket|FC]]
| matches2 = 71
| runs2 = 4,057
| bat avg2 = 34.97
| 100s/50s2 = 7/21
| top score2 = 149
| deliveries2 = 7,725
| wickets2 = 123
| bowl avg2 = 39.97
| fivefor2 = 4
| tenfor2 = 0
| best bowling2 = 6/88
| catches/stumpings2 = 38/–
| column3 = [[List A cricket|LA]]
| matches3 = 38
| runs3 = 1,015
| bat avg3 = 36.25
| 100s/50s3 = 1/3
| top score3 = 158
| deliveries3 = 1,600
| wickets3 = 45
| bowl avg3 = 29.62
| fivefor3 = 0
| tenfor3 = 0
| best bowling3 = 4/29
| catches/stumpings3 = 16/–
| column4 = [[Twenty20 cricket|T20]]
| matches4 = 6
| runs4 = 178
| bat avg4 = 44.50
| 100s/50s4 = 0/2
| top score4 = 57*
| deliveries4 = 66
| wickets4 = 2
| bowl avg4 = 39.00
| fivefor4 = 0
| tenfor4 = 0
| best bowling4 = 2/24
| catches/stumpings4 = 0/–
| date = 31 January
| year = 2009
| source = https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Players/8/8223/8223.html CricketArchive
}}
'''Rizwan Ahmed''' (born 1 October 1978) is a Pakistani former [[cricket]]er. He is an [[all-rounder]], batting right-handed and [[bowling (cricket)|bowling]] [[leg-spin|right-arm leg-spin]] bowler. He is uncle of [[Nauman Ali]] and is now based in [[Pennsylvania]], the [[United States]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/pak-vs-sa-2nd-test-nauman-ali-the-khipro-kid-who-turned-history-making-late-bloomer-1250034|title=Nauman Ali, the Khipro kid who turned history-making late bloomer|website=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref>

Rizwan has played for [[Hyderabad cricket team (Pakistan)|Hyderabad]] since his debut in 1999, occasionally also representing Khan Research Laboratories. He made his debut against [[Zimbabwe national cricket team|Zimbabwe]] in 2008 in the absence of several more senior players. Although his fielding was praised, the Zimbabwean batsmen hit 26 runs from his four overs and he was unable to take a wicket.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://content-uk.cricinfo.com/pakvzim/content/story/334608.html |title= Cricinfo - Pakistan complete clean sweep |accessdate=2008-09-16 |publisher= Cricinfo |date= 2008-02-02}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*{{cricinfo|id=42430}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ahmed, Rizwan}}
[[Category:1978 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Pakistan One Day International cricketers]]
[[Category:Pakistani cricketers]]
[[Category:Hyderabad (Pakistan) cricketers]]
[[Category:Khan Research Laboratories cricketers]]
[[Category:Sindh cricketers]]
[[Category:Sui Southern Gas Company cricketers]]
[[Category:Cricketers from Hyderabad, Sindh]]

{{Pakistan-cricket-bio-1970s-stub}}

B. Shiva Rao

2024-12-24T23:02:04Z

Yogiindia:

{{short description|Indian journalist and politician}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2015}}
{{Infobox officeholder
|honorific-prefix =
|name = Benegal Shiva Rao
|honorific-suffix =
|image = B. Shiva Rao.jpg
|constituency_MP = [[South Kanara (South) (Lok Sabha constituency)|South Kanara (South)]]
|parliament = Indian
|majority = 8841
|term_start = 1952
|term_end = 1957
|predecessor = ''Position created''
|successor = [[K. R. Achar]], as [[Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha|MP]] of [[Mangalore (Lok Sabha constituency)|Mangalore Lok Sabha constituency]]
|birth_date = 26 February 1891
|birth_place = [[Mangalore]], [[Madras Presidency]], [[British India]] (now [[Karnataka]])
|death_date = 15 December 1975
|death_place = [[Delhi]]
|restingplace =
|restingplacecoordinates =
|birthname =
|nationality = [[India]]n
|party = [[Indian National Congress]]
|otherparty = 
|spouse = [[Kitty Shiva Rao|Kitty Verstaendig]]
|partner = 
|relations =
|children =
|residence = Laxmi Sadan Cottage, Kadri Temple Road, Mangalore, South Kanara District
|alma_mater = Presidency College, Madras
|occupation = Journalist
|profession = Politician
|cabinet =
|committees =
|portfolio =
|religion =
|signature =
|signature_alt =
|website =
|footnotes =
}}
'''Benegal Shiva Rao''' (26 February 1891 – 15 December 1975) was an Indian journalist and politician. He was a member of the [[Constituent Assembly of India]] and an elected representative of the [[South Kanara (South) (Lok Sabha constituency)|South Kanara]] constituency in the [[First Lok Sabha]] (later named [[Mangalore (Lok Sabha constituency)|Mangalore]], currently [[Dakshina Kannada (Lok Sabha constituency)|Dakshina Kannada]]).<ref name=bio>{{cite web|title=First Lok Sabha Members Bioprofile|url=http://164.100.47.132/LssNew/biodata_1_12/956.htm|publisher=Lok Sabha|access-date=5 March 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140413144253/http://164.100.47.132/LssNew/biodata_1_12/956.htm|archive-date=13 April 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Jain |first=L.C. |title=Growing up with it |url=http://www.hindu.com/th125/stories/2003091301371400.htm |access-date=3 March 2012 |newspaper=The Hindu |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140413145645/http://www.hindu.com/th125/stories/2003091301371400.htm |archive-date=13 April 2014 |df=dmy }}</ref> He was the correspondent of ''[[The Hindu]]'' and then of the ''[[Manchester Guardian]]''.<ref>{{cite news|last=NOORANI |first=A.G. |title=Two sides of Nehru |url=http://www.frontlineonnet.com/fl2721/stories/20101022272107700.htm |access-date=3 March 2012 |newspaper=Frontline |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110425010942/http://www.frontlineonnet.com/fl2721/stories/20101022272107700.htm |archive-date=25 April 2011 |df=dmy }}</ref> He was also a member of the [[Rajya Sabha]] from 1957 - 1960<ref>{{cite web|title=Alphabetical List Of All Members Of Rajya Sabha Since 1952|url=http://164.100.47.5:8080/members/alphabeticallist_all_terms.asp|publisher=Rajya Sabha|access-date=3 March 2012}}</ref> and a recipient of the civilian honour of the [[Padma Bhushan]].<ref name="Padma Awards">{{cite web|url=http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf |title=Padma Awards |publisher=Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India |date=2015 |access-date=July 21, 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151015193758/http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf |archive-date=15 October 2015 |df=dmy }}</ref>

== Biography ==
B. Shiva Rao was born in [[Mangalore]] on 26 February 1891<ref name=bio /> into a distinguished family. His father was B. Raghavendra Rao, a renowned medical practitioner.<ref name=bio /> He graduated from the [[Presidency College, Chennai]].<ref name=bio /> His elder brothers were [[Benegal Narsing Rau]] and [[Benegal Rama Rau]]. He joined labour movement and rose to vice president of INTUC.<ref name=bio /> In 1929 he married [[Kitty Shiva Rao|Kitty Verstaendig]], an Austrian.<ref name=Horn2018>{{cite book |last1=Horn |first1=Elija |title=New Education, Indophilia and Women's Activism: Indo-German Entanglements, 1920s to 1940s |date=2018 |publisher=Südasien-Chronik |location=Humboldt University of Berlin |isbn=978-3-86004-337-0 |url=https://www.iaaw.hu-berlin.de/de/region/suedasien/publikationen/sachronik/04-focus-horn-elija-new-education-indophilia-and.pdf}}</ref> Early in his life, he came under influence of [[Theosophy (Blavatskian)|theosophical society]] and its leader [[Annie Besant]]. He was a correspondent of ''[[The Hindu]]'' and the ''[[The Guardian|Manchester Guardian]]''. He is well known for his work ''Framing of India's Constitution'' (in six volumes, 1968). He was an ardent admirer of Gandhi but one of the first to criticize his strategy for national movement. His objectivity and deep analysis endeared him to his readers including Nehru, Gandhi and S. Radhakrishnan. His participation in International labour movement continued after independence as delegate to UN and ILO where he worked with Mrs. Vijaylakshmi Pandit and Babu Jagjeevan Ram. He remained member of Lok Sabha from 1952–57 and Rajya Sabha from 1957–1960. After that, he retired from public life and concentrated on research. He also edited papers of his brother B. N. Rau as ''India's Constitution in the Making'' (1960). He was one of contributors to Cyril Henry Phillips and Mary Doreen Wainwright edited ''The Partition of India:Policies & Perspectives 1935-47''. His last work was ''India's Freedom Fighters: Some Notable Figures'' published in 1972 as a tribute to his departed colleagues.
His other works are:
* ''What Labour has Gained from Reform in India'' (1923)
* ''The Problem of India'' (1926), co-written with David Graham Pole
* ''Select Constitutions of the World'' (1934)
* ''Industrial Worker in India'' (1939)
* ''India's Freedom Struggle: Some aspects'' (1968)
* ''India Goes to the Polls'' (1968)
* ''India's Role in UN'' (1968), co-written with Ǧaʻfar Riḍā'Bilġrāmī

He led the Indian Delegation to the [[United Nations General Assembly]] Sessions in 1947, 1948, 1949 and 1950.

On 15 Dec 1975, he died in New Delhi and was survived by his wife.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{PadmaBhushanAwardRecipients 1960–69}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Rao, B. Shiva}}
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Karnataka]]
[[Category:People from Dakshina Kannada district]]
[[Category:Mangaloreans]]
[[Category:Journalists from Karnataka]]
[[Category:India MPs 1952–1957]]
[[Category:Rajya Sabha members from Karnataka]]
[[Category:The Hindu journalists]]
[[Category:Politicians from Mangalore]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Bhushan in literature & education]]
[[Category:1891 births]]
[[Category:1975 deaths]]
[[Category:Members of the Constituent Assembly of India]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian journalists]]
[[Category:Lok Sabha members from Karnataka]]

Shiwar Gram Panchayat

2024-05-24T05:05:01Z

Yogiindia: adding basic page and citations!

{{Orphan|date=December 2021}}

{{Infobox legislature
|name = Shiwar Gram Panchayat
|term_limits = 5 years
|leader2_type = [[Sarpanch]]
|leader2 = Prem Devi
}}

'''Shiwar Gram Panchayat''' is one of the 23 [[Gram Panchayat]] in the block of Chauth ka Barwara in [[Sawai Madhopur]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Proposal to allot 1.4 hectares of land for Shivad Hospital|url=https://www.patrika.com/sawai-madhopur-news/proposal-to-allocate-1-4-hectares-of-land-for-shivad-hospital-6867374/}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Village Development Officer suspended: Village Development Officer of Gram Panchayat Shivad has been suspended|url=https://www.bhaskar.com/local/rajasthan/jaipur/sawai-madhopur/news/village-development-officer-of-gram-panchayat-shivad-suspended-127767795.html}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Board of Gram Panchayat property imposed by removing encroachment on Gram Panchayat land in Shivad|url=https://www.bhaskar.com/rajasthan/sawai-madhopur/news/rajasthan-news-board-of-gram-panchayat-property-removed-from-encroachment-on-gram-panchayat-land-in-shivad-113007-6332377.html}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=The bugle of Panchayat elections will be chosen by 221 sarpanch in the district|url=https://www.patrika.com/sawai-madhopur-news/bigul-will-be-elected-in-panchayat-elections-221-sarpanches-will-be-5561402/}}</ref>

== List of villages ==

1. [[Shiwar]]

2. Sitarampura

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Gram panchayats in Rajasthan]]

Sankarananda Matha Burial Temple – II

2024-02-22T19:05:31Z

Yogiindia: Created redirect page

#REDIRECT [[Sankarananda Matha]]

Padanna

2024-02-04T23:09:59Z

Yogiindia: created a data from scratch

'''Padanna''' may refer to the following places in Kerala, India:

* [[Padne]] village near Cheruvathur, south of Thejaswini river, Kasaragod district
* Padannakkad village or [[Nileshwaram]], north of Thejaswini river, Kasaragod district
* Padnekadappuram beach, part of Valiyaparamba beach in [[Kavvayi Backwaters]]

{{geodis}}

Motihari airport

2024-01-13T03:23:54Z

Yogiindia: created new post basic info

'''Motihari airport''' may refer to one of the airports serving the city:
*[[Jay Prakash Narayan Airport]]
*[[Chaudhary Charan Singh International Airport]]
*[[Raxaul Airport]]

{{Airport disambiguation}}

Apoorva Shah

2024-01-12T15:48:40Z

Yogiindia: Redirect article

#REDIRECT [[Sajan Re Jhoot Mat Bolo#Apoorva Shah]]

[[Category: Fictional Indian people]]

Raipur, Rohaniya

2023-12-06T20:26:41Z

Yogiindia: created first info w/ refs - done

{{Use Indian English|date=January 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2023}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Raipur
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| other_name = Rāipur
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Village
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| image_map = Rohniya block map.png
| map_caption = Map showing Raipur (#152) in Rohaniya CD block
| pushpin_map = India Uttar Pradesh
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Uttar Pradesh, India
| coordinates = {{coord|25.965691|N|81.353674|E|display=inline,title}}<ref name="GeoNames">{{cite web |url=https://geonames.nga.mil/namesgaz/ |website=Do a radial search using these coordinates here|title=Geonames Search}}</ref>
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Raebareli district|Raebareli]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes = <ref name="Census 2011"/>
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 = 3.12
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 1256
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes = <ref name="Census 2011"/>
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi language|Hindi]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code =
| registration_plate = UP-35
| website =
| footnotes =
}}
'''Raipur''' is a village in [[Rohaniya]] block of [[Rae Bareli district]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[India]].<ref name="Census 2011">{{cite web |title=Census of India 2011: Uttar Pradesh District Census Handbook - Rae Bareli, Part A (Village and Town Directory) |pages=365–74 |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/09/0927_PART_A_DCHB_RAE%20BARELI.pdf |website=Census 2011 India|access-date=10 October 2021}}</ref> It is located 38 km from [[Raebareli]], the district headquarters.<ref name="Census 1981"/> As of 2011, it has a population of 1,256 people, in 242 households.<ref name="Census 2011"/> It has one primary school and no healthcare facilities, and it does not host a permanent market or a weekly [[haat]].<ref name="Census 2011"/>

The [[1961 Census of India|1961 census]] recorded Raipur as comprising 8 hamlets, with a total population of 572 people (284 male and 288 female), in 137 households and 136 physical houses.<ref name="Census 1961">{{cite book |title=Census 1961: District Census Handbook, Uttar Pradesh (39 - Raebareli District) |date=1965 |location=Lucknow |pages=cxii-cxiii of section "Salon Tahsil" |url=http://lsi.gov.in:8081/jspui/bitstream/123456789/1047/1/22852_1961_RAE.pdf |access-date=10 October 2021}}</ref> The area of the village was given as 771 [[acre]]s.<ref name="Census 1961"/>

The [[1981 Census of India|1981 census]] recorded Raipur as having a population of 837 people, in 182 households, and having an area of 312.03 [[hectare]]s.<ref name="Census 1981">{{cite book |title=Census 1981 Uttar Pradesh: District Census Handbook Part XIII-A: Village & Town Directory, District Rae Bareli |date=1982 |pages=228–9 |url=http://lsi.gov.in:8081/jspui/bitstream/123456789/1298/1/50861_1981_RAE.pdf |access-date=10 October 2021}}</ref> The main staple foods were listed as wheat and rice.<ref name="Census 1981"/>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Raebareli district}}

[[Category:Villages in Raebareli district]]

{{Raebareli-geo-stub}}

Misrikh (Assembly constituency)

2022-05-23T09:44:00Z

Yogiindia: adjust page after review and added references per standard format

#REDIRECT [[Misrikh Assembly constituency]]

{{Redirect category shell|
{{R from move}}
}}

Guru Nanak Dev

2014-03-26T05:28:23Z

Yogiindia: updated details

#REDIRECT [[Guru Nanak]]

[[Category:Unprintworthy redirects]]
[[Category:Redirects from alternative names]]

Cinema of Andhra Pradesh

2014-01-04T00:04:31Z

Yogiindia: Created The Page More To Come

#REDIRECT [[Telugu cinema]]
{{R from move}}