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Kurukh language

2026-05-06T08:03:20Z

WilheminaJanzen: rework content for accuracy and improved wording

{{Short description|Dravidian language of eastern India}}
{{Infobox language
| name = Kurukh
| altname = Kurux, Oraon, Uraon
| nativename = {{huge|{{lang|kru-Tols|𑷊𑶲̃𑷗𑶲𑷖}}}} {{lang|kru-Deva|कुँड़ुख़ (उराँव)}} , {{lang|kru-Beng|কুড়ুখ্}} , {{lang|kru-Orya|କୁଡ଼ୁଖ୍}}
| pronunciation = {{IPA|kru|kũɽux|}}
| image = Kurukh in Kurukh Banna and Tolong Siki.png
| imagescale = 1
| imagealt = 'Kuṛux' or 'Kuṁṛux' in Kurukh Banna alphabet (top) and Tolong Siki alphabet (bottom)
| imagecaption = 'Kuṛux' or 'Kuṁṛux' in Kurukh Banna alphabet (top) and Tolong Siki alphabet (bottom)
| states = [[India]], [[Bangladesh]], and [[Nepal]]
| region = [[Odisha]], [[Jharkhand]], [[West Bengal]], [[Chhattisgarh]], [[Assam]], [[Bihar]], [[Tripura]]<ref name="Kurux">{{Cite news|url=https://www.ethnologue.com/language/kru|title=Kurux|work=Ethnologue|access-date=2018-07-11|language=en}}</ref>
| ethnicity = {{unbulleted list|[[Kurukh people|Kurukh]]|[[Kisan people|Kisan]]}}
| speakers = 2.28 million
| date = 2002–2011
| ref = <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011Census/Language_MTs.html|title=Statement 1: Abstract of speakers' strength of languages and mother tongues - 2011|publisher=Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India|website=www.censusindia.gov.in|access-date=2018-07-07}}</ref><ref name="Kurux"/><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.ethnologue.com/language/kxl|title=Kurux, Nepali|work=Ethnologue|access-date=2018-07-11|language=en}}</ref>
| familycolor = Dravidian
| fam2 = [[Northern Dravidian languages|Northern Dravidian]]
| fam3 = Kurukh–[[Malto language|Malto]]
| dia1 = Oraon
| dia2 = Kisan
| dia3 = Dhangar
| script = [[Tolong Siki]] [[Kurukh Banna]] [[Devanagari]] [[Odia script|Odia]]
| lc1 = kru
| ld1 = Kurux
| lc2 = kxl
| ld2 = Nepali Kurux (Dhangar)
| lc3 = xis
| ld3 = Kisan
| glotto = kuru1301
| glottorefname = Kurux
| nation = India
* [[Jharkhand]] (additional)
* [[West Bengal]] (additional)
| map = Kurukh language distribution.svg
| mapcaption = Distribution of Kurukh speakers in Blue.
| map2 = Lang Status 80-VU.svg
| mapscale = 1
| mapcaption2 = Kurukh is classified as Vulnerable by the [[UNESCO]] ''[[Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger]]''
| notice = IPA
}}
{{Infobox ethnonym
|person=Kur̤ukh
|people=Kur̤ukhar
|language=Kur̤ukh Kacchi
|country=Kur̤ukh Xēxēl
}}
'''Kurukh''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|k|ʊr|ʊ|x}} or {{IPAc-en|ˈ|k|ʊr|ʊ|k}};<ref>{{OED|Kurukh}}</ref> [[Devanagari]]: कुँड़ुख़, {{IPA|kru|kũɽux|ipa}}), also '''Kurux''', '''Oraon''' or '''Uranw''' ([[Devanagari]]: उराँव, {{IPA|kru|uraːũ̯|ipa}}),<ref>{{cite web |url=http://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/nepa1253 |title = Glottolog 4.5 - Nepali Kurux}}</ref> is a [[North Dravidian]] language spoken by the [[Kurukh people|Kurukh]] (Oraon) and [[Kisan people|Kisan]] people of [[East India]]. It is spoken by about two million people in the Indian states of [[Jharkhand]], [[Chhattisgarh]], [[Odisha]], [[West Bengal]], [[Assam]] and [[Tripura]], as well as by 65,000 in northern [[Bangladesh]], 28,600 of a dialect called Uranw in [[Nepal]] and about 5,000 in [[Bhutan]]. The most closely related language to Kurukh is [[Malto language|Malto]]; together with [[Brahui language|Brahui]], all three languages form the [[North Dravidian]] branch of the [[Dravidian language family]]. It is marked as being in a "vulnerable" state in UNESCO's list of [[endangered language]]s.<ref name=guardian-unesco-list>{{cite web|last1=Evans|first1=Lisa|title=Endangered Languages: The Full List|url=https://www.theguardian.com/news/datablog/2011/apr/15/language-extinct-endangered|work=The Guardian|date=15 April 2011 }}</ref> The Kisan dialect has 206,100 speakers as of 2011.

==Etymology==
According to [[Edward Tuite Dalton]], "Oraon" is an [[exonym]] assigned by neighbouring [[Munda people]], meaning "to roam". They call themselves Kurukh.<ref>Dalton E. T. ''The Oraons: Descriptive Ethnology of Bengal''. 1872. Section 1, page 215.</ref> According to [[Sten Konow]], Uraon will mean ''man'' as in the Dravidian [[Kurukh language]], the word Urapai, Urapo and Urang means ''Man''. The word Kurukh may be derived from the word ''Kur'' or ''Kurcana'' means "shout" and "stammer". So Kurukh will mean 'a speaker'.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=K4I3l9WL4BIC&pg=PR11|title=Grammar of the Kurukh Language|publisher=Mittal Publications|author=Ferdinand Hahn|page=xii|year=1985|access-date=29 November 2022}}</ref>

==Classification==
Kurukh belongs to the Northern Dravidian group of the [[Dravidian languages|Dravidian]] family languages,<ref>{{cite book
|last=Stassen
|first=Leon
|title=Intransitive Predication
|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]
|series = Oxford Studies in Typology and Linguistic Theory
|year=1997
|isbn=978-0199258932
|page=220
}}</ref> and is closely related to Sauria Paharia and Kumarbhag Paharia, which are often together referred to as [[Malto language|Malto]].<ref>PS Subrahmanyam, "Kurukh", in [[ELL2]]. ''[[Ethnologue]]'' assigns Nepali Kurux a separate iso code, ''kxl''.</ref>
[[File:DravidianTree.png|thumb|Dravidian language tree]]

==Writing systems==
{{multiple image
| align = left
| total_width = 320
| image1 = Kurukh Banna script chart.png
| alt1 =
| caption1 = Kurukh Banna script chart for the Kurukh language
| image2 = Tolong_Siki_Narayan_Oraon.jpg
| alt2 =
| caption2 = Tolong Siki script (bold), next to Devanagari and Latin script
| footer =
| direction = horizontal
}}

Kurukh is written in [[Devanagari]], a script also used to write [[Sanskrit]], [[Hindi]], [[Marathi language|Marathi]], [[Nepali language|Nepali]] and other [[Indo-Aryan languages]].

In 1991, Basudev Ram Khalkho from [[Odisha]] released the [[Kurukh Banna]] script. In [[Sundargarh district]] of Odisha the Kurukh Banna alphabet is taught and promoted by Kurukh Parha. Fonts have been developed and people are using it widely in books, magazines and other material. The alphabet is also used by Oraon people in the states of Chhattisgarh, Bengal, Jharkhand and Assam.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Mandal |first1=Biswajit |title=Kurukh Banna |url=https://omniglot.com/writing/kurukhbanna.htm |website=Omniglot}}</ref>

In 1999, Narayan Oraon, a doctor, invented the [[alphabet]]ic Tolong Siki script specifically for Kurukh. Many books and magazines have been published in [[Tolong Siki]] script, and it saw official recognition by the state of [[Jharkhand]] in 2007. The Kurukh Literary Society of India has been instrumental in spreading the Tolong Siki script for Kurukh literature.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Ager |first1=Simon |title=Tolong Siki alphabet and the Kurukh language |url=https://www.omniglot.com/writing/tolongsiki.htm |website=Omniglot |access-date=19 December 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Pandey |first1=Anshuman |title=Preliminary Proposal to Encode the Tolong Siki Script in the UCS |url=http://www.unicode.org/L2/L2010/10106-n3811-tolongsiki.pdf |access-date=19 December 2019 |date=8 April 2010}}</ref>

==Geographical distribution==
{{Pie chart
|caption=Distribution of Kurukh in India, 2011 census
|value1 = 47.89
|label1 = Jharkhand
|value2 = 25.99
|label2 = Chhattisgarh
|value3 = 8.65
|label3 = West Bengal
|value4 = 6.84
|label4 = Odisha
|value5 = 4.43
|label5 = Bihar
|value6 = 3.69
|label6 = Assam
|other = yes
|other-color = pink
}}
In India, Kurukh is mostly spoken in [[Raigarh district|Raigarh]], [[Surguja district|Surguja]], [[Jashpur district|Jashpur]] of [[Chhattisgarh]], [[Gumla district|Gumla]], [[Ranchi district|Ranchi]], [[Lohardaga district|Lohardaga]], [[Latehar district|Latehar]], [[Simdega district|Simdega]] of [[Jharkhand]]; [[Jharsuguda district|Jharsuguda]], [[Sundargarh district|Sundargarh]] and [[Sambalpur district]] of [[Odisha]].

It is also spoken in [[Jalpaiguri district]] of [[West Bengal]], [[Assam]] and [[Tripura]] states by Kurukh who are mostly Tea-garden workers.<ref name="Kurux"/>

==Speakers==
It is spoken by 2,053,000 people from the [[Oraon people|Oraon]] and [[Kisan tribe]]s, with 1,834,000 and 219,000 speakers respectively. The literacy rate is 23% in Oraon and 17% in Kisan. Despite the large number of speakers, the language is considered to be [[Endangered language|endangered]].<ref>Daniel Nettle and Suzanne Romaine. ''Vanishing Voices: The Extinction of the World's Languages''. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000. Page 9.</ref> The governments of Jharkhand and Chhattisgarh have introduced the Kurukh language in schools with majority Kurukhar students. Jharkhand and West Bengal both list Kurukh as an official language of their respective states.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.jagranjosh.com/current-affairs/west-bengal-grants-official-language-status-to-kurukh-1488780574-1|title=Kurukh given official language status in West Bengal|date=2017-03-06|website=Jagranjosh.com|access-date=2019-05-12}}</ref> Bangladesh also has some speakers.

==Phonology==
{{main|Kurukh phonology}}

=== Vowels ===
Kurukh has five cardinal vowels. Each vowel has long, short nasalized and long nasalized counterparts.{{sfn|Kobayashi|Tirkey|2017|pp=23–24}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center"
|+
Kurukh simple vowels
!
![[Front vowel|Front]]
![[Central vowel|Central]]
![[Back vowel|Back]]
|-
![[High vowel|High]]
|{{IPA link|i}}
|
|{{IPA link|u}}
|-
![[Mid vowel|Mid]]
|{{IPA link|e}}
|
|{{IPA link|o}}
|-
![[Low vowel|Low]]
|
|{{IPA link|a}}
|
|}

=== Consonants ===
The table below illustrates the articulation of the consonants.{{sfn|Kobayashi|Tirkey|2017|p=33}}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center"
|+Kurukh consonants
! colspan="3" |
! [[Labial consonant|Labial]]
! [[Dental consonant|Dental]]/ [[Alveolar consonant|Alveolar]]
! [[Retroflex consonant|Retroflex]]
! [[Palatal consonant|Palatal]]
! [[Velar consonant|Velar]]
! [[Glottal consonant|Glottal]]
|-
! colspan="3" | [[Nasal consonant|Nasal]]
| {{IPA link|m}}
| {{IPA link|n}}
| ({{IPA link|ɳ}})
| {{IPA link|ɲ}}
| {{IPA link|ŋ}}
|
|-
! rowspan="4" | [[Plosive]]/ [[Affricate]]
! rowspan="2" | {{small|voiceless}}
! {{small|plain}}
| {{IPA link|p}}
| {{IPA link|t}}
| {{IPA link|ʈ}}
| {{IPA link|tʃ}}
| {{IPA link|k}}
| {{IPA link|ʔ}}
|-
! {{small|aspirated}}
| {{IPA link|pʰ}}
| {{IPA link|tʰ}}
| {{IPA link|ʈʰ}}
| {{IPA link|tʃʰ}}
| {{IPA link|kʰ}}
|
|-
! rowspan="2" | {{small|voiced}}
! {{small|plain}}
| {{IPA link|b}}
| {{IPA link|d}}
| {{IPA link|ɖ}}
| {{IPA link|dʒ}}
| {{IPA link|ɡ}}
|
|-
! {{small|aspirated}}
| {{IPA link|bʱ}}
| {{IPA link|dʱ}}
| {{IPA link|ɖʱ}}
| {{IPA link|dʒʱ}}
| {{IPA link|ɡʱ}}
|
|-
! colspan="3" | [[Fricative]]
|
| {{IPA link|s}}
|
| ({{IPA link|ʃ}})
| {{IPA link|x}}
| {{IPA link|h}}
|-
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" | [[Rhotic consonant|Rhotic]]
! {{small|plain}}
|
| {{IPA link|ɾ}}
| {{IPA link|ɽ}}
|
|
|
|-
! {{small|aspirated}}
|
|
| {{IPA link|ɽʱ}}
|
|
|
|-
! colspan="3" | [[Glide consonant|Glide]]
| {{IPA link|w}}
|{{IPA link|l}}
|
| {{IPA link|j}}
|
|
|}

* Medially voiced aspirates and voiced plosives + /h/ contrast, there are some minimal pairs like /dʱandha:/ "astonishment" and /dʱandʱa:/ "exertion". Clusters of voiced aspirates and /h/ are possible too as in /madʒʱhi:/ "middle" and /madʒʱis/ "zamindar's agent".{{sfnp|Kobayashi |Tirkey|2017|p=35}}
* Of the nasals, /m, n/ are phonemic; [ɳ] only occurs before retroflex plosives; /ŋ/ mostly occurs before other velars but can occur finally with deletion of previous /g/, there are cases where /ŋg/ and /ng/ contrast; /ɲ/ mostly occurs before post alveolars but /j/ can become /ɲ/ around nasal vowels as in /paɲɲa:/ (or /pãjja:/).{{sfnp|Kobayashi |Tirkey|2017|p=36}}

==Morphology==
Kurukh, like other Dravidian languages, is an agglutinative language. The sentence structure is Subject-Object-Verb (SOV). In its morphological construction, there is suffixation but there are no infixes or prefixes.<ref>{{Cite web| title=Vitality and Endangerment of Contemporary Kurukh | url=https://rupkatha.com/V9/n2/v9n235.pdf | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170903184029/http://rupkatha.com/V9/n2/v9n235.pdf | archive-date=2017-09-03}}</ref>
===Nouns===

Kurukh nouns have three grammatical genders, namely masculine, feminine and neuter. To the Kurukh only men are masculine ; women and goddesses (evil spirits) are feminine ; all others are neutral. Masculine nouns of the third person singular have two forms, the indefinite and the definite. The indefinite is the simplest form of the noun, thus ''āl'' man. The definite form is made by adding ''-as'' for the singular, thus ''ālas'', ("the man").<ref name="auto1">{{cite web | title=Kurukh grammar | date=1911 | publisher=Calcutta Bengal Secretariat Press | url=https://archive.org/details/kurukhgrammar00hahnuoft/page/10/mode/2up }}</ref>

There are only two grammatical numbers, the singular and the plural.<ref name="auto1"/>

The following is an example declension table for a masculine noun "āl", meaning "man" <ref name="auto">{{cite web | title=Kurukh grammar | date=1911 | publisher=Calcutta Bengal Secretariat Press | url=https://archive.org/details/kurukhgrammar00hahnuoft/page/14/mode/2up }}</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Case !! Singular !! Definite !! Plural
|-
| Nominative || āl || āl'''as''' || āl'''ar'''
|-
| Genitive || āl || āl'''as gahi'''|| āl'''ar gahi'''
|-
| Dative || āl || āl'''as gē''' || āl'''ar gē'''
|-
| Accusative || āl'''an''' || āl'''asin''' || āl'''arin'''
|-
| Ablative || āl'''tī''' || āl'''as tī''' || āl'''artī''' , āl'''arintī'''
|-
| Instrumental || āl '''trī''', āl '''trū''' || - || ālar '''ṭrī''', ālar '''trū'''
|-
|Vocative
|'''ē''' āl'''ayо̄'''
| -
|'''ē''' āl'''arо̄'''
|-
|Locative
|āl
|āl'''as nū'''
|āl'''ar nū'''
|}

The feminine declension is almost identical to the masculine, but lacks a definite form. The following example is for "mukkā" ("woman").<ref name="auto"/>
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Case !! Singular !! Plural
|-
| Nominative || mukkā || mukk'''ar'''
|-
| Genitive || mukkā '''gahi''' || mukk'''ar gahi'''
|-
| Dative || mukkā'''gē''' || mukk'''ar gē'''
|-
| Accusative || mukk'''an''' || mukk'''arin'''
|-
| Ablative || mukk'''antī''' || mukk'''artī''' , mukk'''arintī'''
|-
| Instrumental || mukkā '''trī''', mukkā '''trū''' || mukkar '''trī''', mukkar '''trū'''
|-
|Vocative
|'''ē''' mukk'''ai'''
|'''ē''' mukk'''arо̄'''
|-
|Locative
|mukkā '''nū'''
|mukk'''ar nū'''
|}

The neuter declension for "allā" ("dog") shows almost identical singular forms, but a difference in pluralization.<ref name="auto"/>

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Case !! Singular !! Plural
|-
| Nominative || allā || allā '''guṭhi'''
|-
| Genitive || allā '''gahi''' || allā '''guṭhi gahi'''
|-
| Dative || allā '''gē''' || allā '''guṭhi gē'''
|-
| Accusative || all'''an''' || allā '''guṭhin'''
|-
| Ablative || all'''antī''' || allā '''guṭhi tī''' , allā '''guṭhintī'''
|-
| Instrumental || allā '''trī''', allā '''trū''' || allā '''guṭhi trī''', allā '''guṭhi trū'''
|-
|Vocative
|'''ē''' allā
|'''ē''' allā '''guṭhi'''
|-
|Locative
|allā '''nū'''
|allā '''guṭhi nū'''
|}

==Education==
The Kurukh language is taught as a subject in the schools of [[Jharkhand]], [[Chhattishgarh]], [[Madhya Pradesh]], [[Odisha]], [[West Bengal]] and [[Assam]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Singh |first=Shiv Sahay |date=2017-03-02 |title=Kurukh gets official language status in West Bengal |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/kolkata/revitalising-a-language/article17395995.ece |access-date=2022-05-02 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

==Sample phrases==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Phrases !! English Translation
|-
| Nighai endra naame? || What is your name?
|- আপনার নাম কি?
|Neen ekase ra'din? || How are you? (Girl)
|- আপনি কেমন আছেন?
|Neen ekase ra'dai?
|| How are you? (Boy)
|- আপনি কেমন আছেন?
|Een korem ra'dan.
|| I am fine.
|- আমি ভালো আছি।
|Neen ekshan kalalagdin?
|| Where are you going? (Girl)
|- আপনি কোথায় যাচ্ছেন?
|Neen ekshan kalalagday?
|| Where are you going? (Boy)
|- আপনি কোথায় যাচ্ছেন?
|Endra manja? || What happened?
|- কি হইছে?
|Ha'an|| Yes
|- হ্যাঁ।
|Malla || No
|- না।
|Een mokha Lagdan. || I am eating.
|- আমি খাচ্ছি।
|Neen mokha.|| You eat.
|-
|Neen ona. || You drink
|- তুমি খাও।
|Aar mokha lagnar. || They are eating.
|- তারা খাচ্ছে।
|Daw makha
|Good Night
|}

==Sample text==
===English===
All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.

===Devanagari script===
{{lang|kru|होर्मा आलारिन् हक् गहि बारे नू मल्लिन्ता अजादि अरा आण्टें मन्ना गहि हक़् ख़खर्कि रै। आरिन् लुर् अरा जिया गहि दव् बौसा ख़खकि रै अरा तम्है मझि नू मेल्-प्रें गहि बेव्हार् नन्ना चहि।}}

===Latin script===
Hōrmā ālārin hak gahi bāre nū mallintā azādi arā aṅṭēm mannā gahi haq xakharki raī. Ārin lur arā jiyā gahi dav bausā xakhakī raī arā tamhai majhi nū mēl-prēm gahi bēvhār nannā nā cahi.

==Alternative names and dialects==
Kurukh has a number of alternative names such as Uraon, Kurux, Kunrukh, Kunna, Urang, Morva, and Birhor. Two dialects, Oraon and Kisan, have 73% intelligibility between them. Oraon but not Kisan is currently being standardised. Kisan is currently endangered, with a decline rate of 12.3% from 1991 to 2001.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/Census_Data_2001/Census_Data_Online/Language/Statement8.aspx|title=Census of India: Growth of Non-Scheduled Languages-1971, 1981, 1991 and 2001|last=ORGI|website=www.censusindia.gov.in|access-date=2017-10-15}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Sources==
* {{cite book |last1=Kobayashi |first1=Masato |last2=Tirkey |first2=Bablu |title=The Kurux Language |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=v9BCDwAAQBAJ |publisher=Brill |publication-place=Boston |date=2017 |isbn=978-90-04-34766-3}}
* [https://books.google.co.in/books?id=4H1BAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=kurukh+grammar&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiDp82LkMOJAxXQzzgGHc68NY0Q6AF6BAgGEAM#v=onepage&q&f=false Kurukh Grammer by the Rev. Ferdiand Hahn]
* [https://books.google.co.in/books?id=54fV7Lwu3fMC&pg=PA80&source=gbs_selected_pages&cad=1#v=onepage&q&f=false The Dravadian Languages by Bhadriraju Krishnamurti] Grignard's Kurukh Classification.

==Further reading==
{{refbegin}}
* {{cite journal |last=Andronov |first=M. S. |title=Elements of Kurux Historical Phonology |journal=Anthropos |publisher=Anthropos Institut |volume=69 |issue=1/2 |year=1974 |issn=0257-9774 |jstor=40458519 |pages=250–253 |url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/40458519 |url-access=subscription |access-date=5 March 2025}}
* {{cite journal |last=Kobayashi |first=Masato |title=Viewing Proto-Dravidian from the Northeast |journal=Journal of the American Oriental Society |volume=140 |issue=2 |date=19 September 2021 |issn=2169-2289 |doi=10.7817/jameroriesoci.140.2.0467 |doi-access=free |url=https://lockwoodonlinejournals.com/index.php/jaos/article/download/713/562 }}
* Perumalsamy, P. (2002) "Kisan" in [https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/34817/download/38505/LSI_ORISSA.pdf Linguistic Survey of India: Orissa volume], New Delhi: Office of Registrar General, pp: 497-515.
* {{cite thesis |title= Documentation of the Kurux, an endangered Dravidian language |first=Albin Rico |last=Xalxo |publisher=University of Hyderabad |date=2024 |type=PhD |hdl=10603/642551 |url=https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/642551}}

; Folktale collections:
* Hahn, Ferdinand. ''[https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_tCZrRHPYF3UC/page/n70/mode/1up Blicke in die Geisteswelt der heidnischen Kols: Sammlung von Sagen, Märchen und Liedern der Oraon in Chota Nagpur]''. Gütersloh: C. Bertelsmann, 1906.
* {{cite book |editor=A. Grignard |last=Hahn |title=Hahn's Oraon Folk-lore in the Original: a critical text with translation and notes |location=Guwahati; Delhi |publisher=Spectrum Publications |date=1931}}
{{refend}}

==External links==
{{incubator|kru}}
*{{cite book|author=Ferdinand Hahn|title=Kuruḵh̲ (Orā̃ō)-English dictionary|url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_frNJAQAAIAAJ|access-date=25 August 2012|year=1903|publisher=Bengal Secretariat Press|pages=[https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_frNJAQAAIAAJ/page/n133 126]–}}
*{{cite book|author=Ferdinand Hahn|title=Kuruḵẖ grammar|url=https://archive.org/details/kurukhgrammar00hahnuoft|access-date=26 August 2012|year=1900|publisher=Bengal Secretariat Press}}
*{{cite book|title=Kuruk̲h̲ folk-lore: in the original|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZbS5AAAAIAAJ|access-date=25 August 2012|year=1905|publisher=The Bengal Secretariat Book Depot}}
*[http://starling.rinet.ru/cgi-bin/response.cgi?root=new100&morpho=0&basename=new100\drv\ned&limit=-1 Kurukh basic lexicon at the Global Lexicostatistical Database]
*[https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2023/23024-tolong-siki.pdf Proposal to encode Tolong Siki]
*[http://omniglot.com/writing/tolongsiki.htm Omniglot's page on Tolong Siki]
*[https://tolongsiki.com/ Tolong Siki script site]

{{Languages of India}}
{{Dravidian languages}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kurukh Language}}
[[Category:Agglutinative languages]]
[[Category:Dravidian languages]] 
[[Category:Languages of India]]
[[Category:Languages of Jharkhand]]
[[Category:Languages of Odisha]]
[[Category:Subject–object–verb languages]]
[[Category:Brahmic scripts]]
[[Category:Languages written in Devanagari]]

Ammana

2026-04-29T12:45:11Z

WilheminaJanzen: started new article

{{Short description|Yadava king in 1270}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2024}}
{{Infobox royalty
| name = Ammana
| succession = Yadava king
| reign = c. 1270 CE
| dynasty = [[Seuna (Yadava) dynasty|Seuna (Yadava)]]
| predecessor = [[Mahadeva of Devagiri|Mahadeva]]
| successor = [[Ramachandra of Devagiri|Ramachandra]]
| father = Mahadeva
| religion = [[Shaivism]]
}}
'''Ammana''' ([[IAST]]: Ammaṇa, r. c. 1270 CE) was a ruler of the [[Seuna (Yadava) dynasty]] of [[Deccan]] region in India. He succeeded his father [[Mahadeva of Devagiri|Mahadeva]], and remained on the throne for a few months, before being overthrown by his cousin [[Ramachandra of Devagiri|Ramachandra]].

== Ascension ==

Ammana was a son and the successor of the Yadava king [[Mahadeva of Devagiri|Mahadeva]]. Mahadeva had ascended the throne around 1261, after the death of his elder brother [[Krishna of Devagiri|Krishna]], probably because Krishna's son [[Ramachandra of Devagiri|Ramachandra]] was a minor at the time. When Mahadeva died around 1270, Ammana became the new king, but Ramachandra contested his claim to the throne. The general public and important officers of the Yadava kingdom probably saw Ramachandra as the rightful heir. This is evident from the fact that courtiers [[Hemadri]] and Tikkama, who had been loyal to Mahadeva, supported Ramachandra instead of Ammana.{{sfn|A. S. Altekar|1960|p=548}}{{sfn|T. V. Mahalingam|1957|p=151}}

The Purushottamapuri copper-plate inscription of Ramachandra refers to some military achievements of Ammana, but given the short duration of Ammana's reign, this description can be ignored as historically unreliable.{{sfn|T. V. Mahalingam|1957|p=151}}

== Overthrow ==

Ammana was a pleasure-loving man, who was fond of dance and music. Ramachandra overthrew him sometime in the second half of 1271 CE. According to an inscription of Ramachandra, he and his followers entered the [[Devagiri]] fort disguised as actors, and arranged a performance before Ammana. During the performance, they suddenly unmasked themselves, and seized Ammana and his supporters.{{sfn|A. S. Altekar|1960|p=548}}

This veracity of account is also supported by literary texts such as ''Bhanuvilasa'' (a [[Mahanubhava]] text) and ''Nagadeva-Charita'' of Parashurama-Vyasa.{{sfn|T. V. Mahalingam|1957|p=151}} According to the Mahanubhava texts, Ramachandra blinded Ammana. Parashurama Vyasa's ''Nagadeva-Charita'' states that Ramachandra killed Ammana, and that Ramachandra's ultimate [[Alauddin Khalji's conquest of Devagiri|defeat against the Muslims]] was a result of this sin. The veracity of this claim is doubtful, since the other texts only mention the blinding, not the killing. Ammana may have died a natural death in prison.{{sfn|A. S. Altekar|1960|p=549}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

=== Bibliography ===
{{refbegin}}
* {{cite book |author=A. S. Altekar |author-link=Anant Sadashiv Altekar |editor=Ghulam Yazdani |title=The Early History of the Deccan Parts VII - XI |volume=VIII: Yādavas of Seuṇadeśa |year=1960 |publisher=Oxford University Press |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=g0D5RAAACAAJ |oclc=59001459 |isbn=9788170691259 }}
* {{cite book |author=T. V. Mahalingam |author-link=T. V. Mahalingam |chapter=The Seunas of Devagiri |editor=R. S. Sharma |title=A Comprehensive history of India: A.D. 985-1206 |volume=4 (Part 1) |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ahFuAAAAMAAJ |year=1957 |publisher=Indian History Congress / People's Publishing House | isbn=978-81-7007-121-1 }}
{{refend}}

{{Seuna (Yadava) dynasty}}

[[Category:Seuna (Yadava) kings]]

Lucky Yadav

2026-04-25T03:54:55Z

WilheminaJanzen: created first entry w/ sources!

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2024}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Lucky Yadav
| office = Member of the [[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]
| country = india
| leader =
| spouse =
| parents = [[Parasnath Yadav]]
| alma_mater = Graduation
| profession = Agriculture
| occupation = Politician
| source = https://upvidhansabhaproceedings.gov.in/member?memberId=22902
| children =
| image =
| term_start = 2020
| predecessor = [[Parasnath Yadav]]
| constituency = [[Malhani Assembly constituency|Malhani]]
}}

'''Lucky Yadav''' (born 15 November 1980) is an Indian politician.

He is a member of the [[Samajwadi Party]], and a [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|MLA]] of the [[18th Uttar Pradesh Assembly|Eighteenth Uttar Pradesh Assembly]] for the [[Malhani Assembly constituency|Malhani Assembly]] constituency.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Shri. Lucky Yadav |url=https://sarkarihelpline.com/portfolio/shri-lucky-yadav/ |access-date=2023-06-03 |website=Sarkari Helpline |language=en}}</ref>

Yadav was elected in a by-election in 2020,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Lucky Yadav, SP MLA from Malhani – Our Neta |url=https://ourneta.com/neta/lucky-yadav/ |access-date=2023-06-03 |language=en}}</ref> following the death of his father (and predecessor in the seat) [[Parasnath Yadav]]. He stood for re-election in 2022,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Lucky Yadav in Uttar Pradesh Assembly Elections 2022 |url=https://www.news18.com/assembly-elections-2022/uttar-pradesh/lucky-yadav-malhani-candidate-s24a367c03/ |access-date=2023-06-03 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref> in the [[2022 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]], and was re-elected.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Election Commission of India |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenMar2022/ConstituencywiseS24367.htm?ac=367 |access-date=2023-06-03 |website=results.eci.gov.in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Malhani, Uttar Pradesh Assembly Election Results 2022 Live Updates: Malhani विधानसभा सीट पर Lucky Yadav ने 15966 मतों से जीत हासिल की |url=https://www.aajtak.in/elections/story/malhani-assembly-election-results-2022-live-updates-uttar-pradesh-vidhan-sabha-chunav-result-winner-loser-news-in-hindi-1425980-2022-03-10 |access-date=2023-06-03 |website=आज तक |date=10 March 2022 |language=hi}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{UttarPradesh-SP-politician-stub}}

[[Category:1980 births]]
[[Category:Uttar Pradesh MLAs 2022–2027]]
[[Category:Samajwadi Party politicians from Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:People from Jaunpur district]]
[[Category:Uttar Pradesh MLAs 2017–2022]]

Vathikuchi

2026-04-20T22:23:31Z

WilheminaJanzen: creating new stub

{{Short description|2013 Indian film by P. Kinslin}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2025}}
{{Infobox film
| image = Vathikuchi.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = P. Kinslin
| writer = P. Kinslin
| producer = [[AR Murugadoss]]
| starring = [[Dileepan]] [[Anjali (actress)|Anjali]]
| cinematography = [[R. B. Gurudev]]
| editing = [[Praveen K. L.]] [[N. B. Srikanth]]
| music = [[Ghibran]]
| studio = AR Murugadoss Productions Fox Star Studios
| released = {{Film date|2013|03|15||df=y}}
| country = India
| language = Tamil
}}

'''''Vathikuchi''''' ({{Translation|Matchstick}}) is a 2013 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[crime thriller film]] written and directed by newcomer P. Kinslin and produced by [[AR Murugadoss]] in association with [[Fox Star Studios]]. The film stars [[Dileepan]], the younger brother of Murugadoss, in his acting debut and [[Anjali (actress)|Anjali]], while [[Jayaprakash (actor)|Jayaprakash]], [[Sampath Raj]] and [[Jagan (actor)|Jagan]] appear in supporting roles.<ref>{{Cite web |date=7 September 2012 |title=Anjali plays tough |url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-09-07/news-interviews/33676103_1_autos-kinslin-anjali |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131007045707/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-09-07/news-interviews/33676103_1_autos-kinslin-anjali |archive-date=7 October 2013 |access-date=7 September 2012 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> The film, which has music composed by [[Ghibran Vaibodha|Ghibran]], released on 15 March 2013 to a positive response from critics and performed well at the box office.<ref>{{Cite web |date=3 April 2013 |title=Chennai Box-Office – Mar 29 to 31 |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/boxoffice.php?id=15025056&cid=13525926 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131108114817/http://www.sify.com/movies/boxoffice.php?id=15025056&cid=13525926 |archive-date=8 November 2013 |access-date=5 October 2013 |website=[[Sify]]}}</ref>

== Plot ==
{{More plot|date=October 2024}}
Sakthi is an [[auto rickshaw]] driver, who is in love with his neighbour, Leena. His life changes when he runs into three dangerous criminals who want him dead.

== Cast ==
{{Cast listing|
*[[Dileepan]] as Sakthi
*[[Anjali (film actress)|Anjali]] as Leena/Meena
*[[Sampath Raj]] as Benny
*[[Jayaprakash (actor)|Jayaprakash]] as Gangariya
*[[Jagan (actor)|Jagan]] as Vanaraj
*[[Mime Gopi]] as Natarajan
*[[Saranya Ponvannan]] as Sakthi's mother
*[[Pattimandram Raja]] as Sakthi's father
*[[Sathish]] as Karuvelamuthu
*[[Ashvin Raja]] as Puli Paandi
*[[Ravi Mariya]] as Benny's friend
*[[Sriranjani (Tamil actress)|Sriranjani]] as Leena's mother
*[[Vatsan Chakravarthy]] as Praveen
*[[Bala Singh]] as Inspector
*[[Vaiyapuri]] as Constable
*Akhil Kumar as Golicha
*[[Angana Roy]]
*[[Rajashree (actress)|Rajashree]]
*[[Jeeva Ravi|Ravi]]
*[[Jasper (actor)|Jasper]] as Nachiappan
*[[Visweswara Rao]]
*Ghajini Rajesh
*[[Pondy Ravi]]
}}

== Production ==
The film was first announced in January when it was revealed that Murugadoss's brother Dileepan would make his debut as an actor in a venture to be co-produced by Fox Star Studios.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2012 |title=Murugadoss' brother debuts as an actor |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news-interviews/Murugadoss-brother-debuts-as-an-actor/articleshow/12593431.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180804154230/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news-interviews/Murugadoss-brother-debuts-as-an-actor/articleshow/12593431.cms |archive-date=4 August 2018 |access-date=28 February 2014 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref><ref name=":0" /> The title ''Vathikuchi'' was derived from the song "Vathikuchi Pathikadhuda" from Murugadoss's directorial debut ''[[Dheena]]'' (2001).<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NYqxdrucBvk |title=Vathikuchi Team Interview {{!}} Anjali, AR Murugadoss |date=18 March 2013 |last=IndiaGlitz Tamil |language=ta |time=1:15 |access-date=8 February 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250208141116/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NYqxdrucBvk |archive-date=8 February 2025 |url-status=live |via=[[YouTube]]}}</ref> After winning accolades for her performance in ''[[Engaeyum Eppothum]]'', [[Anjali (actress)|Anjali]] was signed up by Murugadoss as the lead actress.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Suganth |first=M |date=5 January 2012 |title=Murugadoss ropes in Anjali again! |url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-01-05/news-interviews/30592881_1_anjali-first-film-period-film |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140202095943/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-01-05/news-interviews/30592881_1_anjali-first-film-period-film |archive-date=2 February 2014 |access-date=6 September 2012 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>

== Soundtrack ==
The film's score and soundtrack are composed by [[Ghibran]]. The soundtrack was released on 13 February 2013.<ref>{{Cite news |date=14 February 2013 |title=Vijay launches Vathikuchi audio |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/vijay-launches-vathikuchi-audio/articleshow/18495403.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20241021042442/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/vijay-launches-vathikuchi-audio/articleshow/18495403.cms |archive-date=21 October 2024 |access-date=21 October 2024 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Kumar |first=S. R. Ashok |date=23 February 2013 |title=Will it set the box office on fire? |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/will-it-set-the-box-office-on-fire/article4446259.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130603210029/http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/will-it-set-the-box-office-on-fire/article4446259.ece |archive-date=3 June 2013 |access-date=27 April 2015 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref> The song "Kanna Kanna" is set in the ''[[gara (raga)|gara]]'' raga.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/art-entertainment/sundar-narayana-rao-news-285938|title=Sundar Narayana Rao|date=7 June 2013|website=[[Outlook (Indian magazine)|Outlook]]|access-date=20 April 2026}}</ref> In a music review, [[Karthik Srinivasan|Karthik]] of ''[[Milliblog]]'' wrote, "After an impressive debut like ''Vaagai Sooda Vaa'', this is a fantastic sophomore effort from this talented composer!"<ref>{{Cite web |last=Karthik |author-link=Karthik Srinivasan |date=13 February 2013 |title=Vathikuchi (Music review), Tamil – Ghibran |url=http://itwofs.com/milliblog/2013/02/13/vathikuchi-music-review-tamil-ghibran/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130530133257/http://itwofs.com/milliblog/2013/02/13/vathikuchi-music-review-tamil-ghibran/ |archive-date=30 May 2013 |access-date=13 February 2013 |website=[[Milliblog]]}}</ref>

{{track listing
| headline = Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| total_length =
| title1 = Kuru Kuru
| lyrics1 = [[Na. Muthukumar]]
| extra1 = [[Sundar Narayana Rao]]
| length1 = 04:30
| title2 = Amma Wake Me Up
| lyrics2 = [[Pa. Vijay]], [[Shabir]]
| extra2 = Shruthi Ravi, [[Anitha Karthikeyan]], [[Shabir]]
| length2 = 04:28
| title3 = Kanna Kanna
| lyrics3 = [[Arivumathi]]
| extra3 = [[Sundar Narayana Rao]]
| length3 = 04:54
| title4 = Ari Unnai
| lyrics4 = [[Yugabharathi]]
| extra4 = [[Shabir]], [[Saisharan]]
| length4 = 04:11
| title5 = Theme Music
| lyrics5 =
| extra5 = Instrumental
| length5 = 03:45
}}

== Marketing and release ==
Because the lead character is an auto rickshaw driver, the makers of ''Vathikuchi'' promoted the film through auto rickshaws. At least four or five branded auto rickshaws would travel through [[Madurai]], [[Tiruchirappalli]] and [[Coimbatore]] for promoting the film. ''Vathikuchi'' was released on 15 March 2013.<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 March 2013 |title=Wacky promotional strategy for 'Vathikuchi' |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/2013/Mar/12/wacky-promotional-strategy-for-vathikuchi-458012.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20241021045601/https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/2013/Mar/12/wacky-promotional-strategy-for-vathikuchi-458012.html |archive-date=21 October 2024 |access-date=21 October 2024 |website=[[The New Indian Express]] |language=en |agency=[[Indo-Asian News Service|IANS]]}}</ref>

== Critical reception ==
Vivek Ramz from ''[[in.com]]'' rated it 3 out of 5 and stated that ''Vathikuchi'' is more brawny than brainy. He added that Director Kinslin shows promise in his debut film with different treatment for this somewhat clichéd story. His way of storytelling is realistic at times with very grounded level approach towards a common man issue. The problem with the film is that he has introduced too many characters and made few simple situations more complex which works at times and at other times backfired. Finally concluding that it's not a bad film at all and can be watched once!<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ramz |first=Vivek |date=18 March 2013 |title=Tamil movie review: Vathikuchi is more brawny than brainy! |url=http://www.in.com/news/entertainment/tamil-movie-review-vathikuchi-is-more-brawny-than-brainy-50197462-in-1.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130511214316/http://www.in.com/news/entertainment/tamil-movie-review-vathikuchi-is-more-brawny-than-brainy-50197462-in-1.html |archive-date=11 May 2013 |access-date=5 October 2013 |website=[[In.com]]}}</ref> Karthik Subramanian of ''[[The Hindu]]'' wrote that the film "is not so much bad in the way it is executed but the story just gets progressively mind-numbingly stupid".<ref>{{Cite news |last=Subramanian |first=Karthik |date=16 March 2013 |title=Vathikuchi: Where is the spark? |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/cinema-reviews/vathikuchi-where-is-the-spark/article4515816.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220817224309/https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/cinema-reviews/vathikuchi-where-is-the-spark/article4515816.ece |archive-date=17 August 2022 |access-date=21 October 2024 |work=[[The Hindu]] |language=en}}</ref> ''[[Sify]]'' wrote, "''Vathikuchi'' directed by P Kinslin is half baked and has too many plot holes. However, the first half of the film is quite entertaining, but post interval the film drags and a forced climax makes the debutant hero larger- than- life which sticks out like a sore thumb".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Vathikuchi |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/vathikuchi-review-tamil-15023252.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140121113144/http://www.sify.com/movies/vathikuchi-review-tamil-15023252.html |archive-date=21 January 2014 |access-date=28 April 2025 |website=[[Sify]]}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title}}
* {{Rotten Tomatoes}}

{{AR Murugadoss}}

[[Category:2013 Indian films]]
[[Category:2013 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:2013 crime thriller films]]
[[Category:2013 films]]
[[Category:Films scored by Ghibran Vaibodha]]
[[Category:Fox Star Studios films]]
[[Category:Indian crime thriller films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language crime thriller films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]

Dahanu Assembly constituency

2026-04-15T23:20:30Z

WilheminaJanzen: new pg - done

{{Short description|Constituency of the Maharashtra legislative assembly in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2017}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Dahanu
| constituency_no = 128
| type = SLA
| state = [[Maharashtra]]
| latest_election_year = [[2024 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|2024]]
| map_image = 128-Dahanu.svg
| loksabha_cons = [[Palghar Lok Sabha constituency|Palghar]]
| district = [[Palghar district|Palghar]]
| established = 1955 <ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.eci.gov.in/146-archive-delimitation-orders |title= Archive Delimitation Orders - Final Order DC (1953-1955) |access-date=31 January 2026 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]}}</ref>
| reservation = ST
| mla = [[Vinod Bhiva Nikole]]
| party = {{Party index link|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}
| alliance = {{Party index link|Maha Vikas Aghadi}}
| incumbent_image =
| electors =301,257
}}
'''Dahanu Assembly constituency''' is one of the 288 [[Maharashtra Vidhan Sabha|Vidhan Sabha]] (Legislative Assembly) constituencies of [[Maharashtra]] state in western India.<ref name=delimitation2008>{{cite web |url=https://upload.indiacode.nic.in/showfile?actid=AC_CEN_3_20_00030_200233_1517807324510&type=order&filename=Delimitation%20Order,2008.pdf |title=Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 2008 |date=26 November 2008 |access-date= 24 June 2021}}</ref>

==Overview==
Dahanu constituency is one of the 6 Vidhan Sabha constituencies located in the [[Palghar district]]. It is reserved for the candidates belonging to the [[Adivasi|Scheduled tribes]].<ref name=ceo>{{cite web|url=http://ceo.maharashtra.gov.in/acs.php |title=District wise List of Assembly and Parliamentary Constituencies |publisher=Chief Electoral Officer, Maharashtra website |access-date=5 September 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100318055304/http://ceo.maharashtra.gov.in/acs.php |archive-date=18 March 2010 |df= }}</ref> It comprises the entire Talasari [[tehsil]] and part of Dahanu tehsil of the district.

Dahanu is part of the [[Palghar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Palghar Lok Sabha constituency]] along with five other Vidhan Sabha segments, namely, [[Vikramgad Assembly constituency|Vikramgad]], [[Palghar Assembly constituency|Palghar]], [[Boisar Assembly constituency|Boisar]], [[Nalasopara Assembly constituency|Nalasopara]] and [[Vasai Assembly constituency|Vasai]] in [[Palghar district]].<ref name=ceo/>

==Members of Legislative Assembly==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!Year
!Member<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dahanu Vidhan Sabha Current MLA and Previous MLAs |url=https://www.elections.in/maharashtra/assembly-constituencies/dahanu.html |access-date= |website=Elections in India}}</ref>
!colspan="2"|Party
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[1957 Bombay State Legislative Assembly election|1957]]
|Shamrao Patil || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=5}}
|-
|Santu Thakeria
|-
| [[1962 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1962]]
| Shamrao Patil
|-
| [[1967 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1967]]
| rowspan="2"| Mahadev Kadu
|-
| [[1972 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1972]]
|-
| [[1978 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1978]]
| Shankar Chavan
|{{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)|dab=yes}}
|-
| [[1980 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1980]]
| Mahadev Kadu
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress (I)|dab=yes}}
|-
| [[1985 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1985]]
| rowspan="3"| Shankar Nam
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=3}}
|-
| [[1990 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1990]]
|-
| [[1995 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1995]]
|-
| [[1999 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1999]]
| rowspan="2"| [[Krishna Ghoda]]
| {{Full party name with color|Nationalist Congress Party|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[2004 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|2004]]
|-
| [[2009 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|2009]]
| [[Rajaram Ozare]]
|{{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)|dab=yes}}
|-
| [[2014 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|2014]]
| [[Dhanare Paskal Janya|Paskal Dhanare]]
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| [[2019 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|2019]]
|rowspan="2"| [[Vinod Bhiva Nikole|Vinod Nikole]]
|{{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)|dab=yes|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[2024 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|2024]]
|}

==Election results==
===Assembly Election 2024===
{{Election box begin|title = [[2024 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Dahanu<ref name="Maharastra Assembly Election Results 2024 - Dahanu">{{cite news |title=Maharastra Assembly Election Results 2024 - Dahanu |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenNov2024/candidateswise-S13128.htm |access-date=15 December 2024 |date=23 November 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241215154014/https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenNov2024/candidateswise-S13128.htm |archive-date=15 December 2024}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=[[Vinod Bhiva Nikole]] |party=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |votes = 104,702 |percentage = 48.33% |change={{increase}}3.58 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Medha Vinod Suresh |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 99,569 |percentage = 45.96% |change={{increase}}4.13 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=None of the Above |party=None of the above |votes = 5,120 |percentage = 2.36% |change={{decrease}}0.63 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Kalpesh Balu Bhavar |party=Independent politician |votes = 2,927 |percentage = 1.35% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Vijay Devaji Wadhia |party=Maharashtra Navnirman Sena |votes = 2,388 |percentage = 1.10% |change={{decrease}}2.83 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Bhasara Vasant Navsha |party=Independent politician |votes = 2,353 |percentage = 1.09% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Meena Kishor Bhad |party=Independent politician |votes = 1,923 |percentage = 0.89% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Santosh Ramji Thakare |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes = 1,654 |percentage = 0.76% |change={{decrease}}0.89 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 5,133 |percentage = 2.37% |change= {{decrease}}0.55 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 221,769 |percentage = 73.61% |change= {{increase}}12.68 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 216,649}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 301,257|ref = |change= {{increase}}10.72 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Communist Party of India (Marxist) |loser = Communist Party of India (Marxist) |swing= {{increase}}3.58 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 2019===
{{Election box begin|title = [[2019 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Dahanu<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.results.eci.gov.in/ACOCT2019/partywiseresult-S13.htm?st=S13|title=General Election to Vidhan Sabha Trends & Results Oct-2019|publisher=Election Commission of India|access-date=28 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191121065754/http://results.eci.gov.in/ACOCT2019/partywiseresult-S13.htm?st=S13|archive-date=21 November 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=[[Vinod Bhiva Nikole]] |party=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |votes = 72,114 |percentage = 44.75% |change={{increase}}26.03 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Dhanare Paskal Janya |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 67,407 |percentage = 41.83% |change={{increase}}12.00 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Sunil Lahanya Ebhad |party=Maharashtra Navnirman Sena |votes = 6,332 |percentage = 3.93% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=None of the Above |party=None of the above |votes = 4,824 |percentage = 2.99% |change={{increase}}0.00 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Randhe Damodar Shirad |party=Independent politician |votes = 2,823 |percentage = 1.75% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Dumada Rajesh Ravaji |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes = 2,671 |percentage = 1.66% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Dhi.Santosh Kisan Pagi |party=Ambedkarite Party of India |votes = 2,648 |percentage = 1.64% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Ramesh Janu Malavkar |party=Independent politician |votes = 2,242 |percentage = 1.39% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 4,707 |percentage = 2.92% |change= {{decrease}}8.19 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 166,029 |percentage = 61.02% |change= {{decrease}}4.97 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 161,157}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 272,085|ref = |change= {{increase}}16.19 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner = Communist Party of India (Marxist) |loser = Bharatiya Janata Party |swing= {{increase}}14.92 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 2014===
{{Election box begin|title = [[2014 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Dahanu<ref name="election2014">{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/11699-maharashtra-legislative-assembly-election-2014/ |title=Maharashtra Legislative Assembly Election, 2014 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date= 2 February 2022 |url-access=limited}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=[[Dhanare Paskal Janya]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 44,849 |percentage = 29.83% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Mangat Barkya Vansha |party=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |votes = 28,149 |percentage = 18.72% |change={{decrease}}28.56 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Kashinath Govind Chaudhari |party=Nationalist Congress Party |votes = 27,963 |percentage = 18.60% |change={{decrease}}16.45 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Padwale Ramesh Dama |party=Indian National Congress |votes = 14,166 |percentage = 9.42% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Sudhir Rajaram Ozare |party=Independent politician |votes = 12,968 |percentage = 8.63% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Nam Shankar Sakharam |party=Shiv Sena |votes = 7,847 |percentage = 5.22% |change={{decrease}}8.36 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Suresh Arjun Padvi |party=Independent politician |votes = 5,165 |percentage = 3.44% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=None of the Above |party=None of the above |votes = 4,498 |percentage = 2.99% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 16,700 |percentage = 11.11% |change= {{decrease}}1.13 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 154,849 |percentage = 66.13% |change= {{increase}}8.23 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 150,351}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 234,175|ref = |change= {{decrease}}0.88 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner = Bharatiya Janata Party |loser = Communist Party of India (Marxist) |swing= {{decrease}}17.45 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 2009===
{{Election box begin|title = [[2009 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Dahanu<ref>{{cite web|publisher= Chief Eletoral Officer, [[Maharashtra]]|title=General Elections to State Legislative Assembly 2009 |url=https://ceoelection.maharashtra.gov.in/pdff/vidhanresult.pdf|archive-url= http://web.archive.org/web/20240708005931/https://ceoelection.maharashtra.gov.in/pdff/vidhanresult.pdf|archive-date=8 July 2024|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=[[Rajaram Ozare]] |party=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |votes = 62,530 |percentage = 47.28% |change={{increase}}37.80 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Ghoda Krishna Arjun |party=Nationalist Congress Party |votes = 46,350 |percentage = 35.05% |change={{decrease}}14.77 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Dhodi Ishwar Kisan |party=Shiv Sena |votes = 17,955 |percentage = 13.58% |change={{decrease}}19.20 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Shinda Vinod Bendya |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes = 5,412 |percentage = 4.09% |change={{increase}}1.19 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 16,180 |percentage = 12.23% |change= {{decrease}}4.81 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 132,247 |percentage = 55.98% |change= {{increase}}1.11 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 132,247}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 236,251|ref = |change= {{decrease}}11.18 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner = Communist Party of India (Marxist) |loser = Nationalist Congress Party |swing= {{decrease}}2.54 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 2004===
{{Election box begin|title = [[2004 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Dahanu}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=[[Krushna Ghoda]] |party=Nationalist Congress Party |votes = 72,715 |percentage = 49.82% |change={{increase}}13.64 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Ishwar Kisan Dhodi |party=Shiv Sena |votes = 47,843 |percentage = 32.78% |change={{increase}}6.68 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Vartha Edward Henry |party=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |votes = 13,844 |percentage = 9.49% |change={{decrease}}5.02 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Katkar Vinod Gangaram |party=Independent politician |votes = 7,304 |percentage = 5.00% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Lalita Manu Rathod |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes = 4,242 |percentage = 2.91% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 24,872 |percentage = 17.04% |change= {{increase}}6.97 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 145,948 |percentage = 54.87% |change= {{increase}}5.07 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 145,948}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 265,991|ref = |change= {{increase}}17.18 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Nationalist Congress Party |loser = Nationalist Congress Party |swing= {{increase}}13.64 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1999===
{{Election box begin|title = [[1999 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Dahanu<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1999 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1999/StatisticalReport-MH99.pdf|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120117044316/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1999/StatisticalReport-MH99.pdf|archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=[[Krushna Ghoda]] |party=Nationalist Congress Party |votes = 40,895 |percentage = 36.18% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Ishwar Kisan Dhodi |party=Shiv Sena |votes = 29,508 |percentage = 26.11% |change={{decrease}}2.78 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Babu Lakhama Waghat |party=Indian National Congress |votes = 26,230 |percentage = 23.21% |change={{decrease}}21.64 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Sutar Gangaram Dhakat |party=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |votes = 16,402 |percentage = 14.51% |change={{decrease}}8.83 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 11,387 |percentage = 10.07% |change= {{decrease}}5.89 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 123,598 |percentage = 54.45% |change= {{decrease}}14.92 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 113,035}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 227,001|ref = |change= {{increase}}4.89 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner = Nationalist Congress Party |loser = Indian National Congress |swing= {{decrease}}8.67 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1995===
{{Election box begin|title = [[1995 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Dahanu<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1995 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1995/StatisticalReport-MH95.pdf|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120117121534/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1995/StatisticalReport-MH95.pdf |archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=Nam Shankar Sakharam |party=Indian National Congress |votes = 62,813 |percentage = 44.85% |change={{increase}}4.05 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Kanbi Kisan Lallubhai |party=Shiv Sena |votes = 40,458 |percentage = 28.89% |change={{increase}}6.28 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Kom Lahanu Shidva |party=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |votes = 32,689 |percentage = 23.34% |change={{increase}}3.16 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Dombre Somnath Rama |party=Independent politician |votes = 3,246 |percentage = 2.32% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Marle Gajanan Narayan |party=Doordarshi Party |votes = 845 |percentage = 0.60% |change={{increase}}0.08 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 22,355 |percentage = 15.96% |change= {{decrease}}2.23 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 147,307 |percentage = 68.06% |change= {{increase}}10.74 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 140,051}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 216,426|ref = |change= {{increase}}32.44 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |loser = Indian National Congress |swing= {{increase}}4.05 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1990===
{{Election box begin|title = [[1990 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Dahanu<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1990 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1990/StatRep_MT_90.pdf |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120117080722/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1990/StatRep_MT_90.pdf |archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=Nam Shankar Sakharam |party=Indian National Congress |votes = 35,981 |percentage = 40.80% |change={{decrease}}24.97 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Keny Ramkrishna Mangesh |party=Shiv Sena |votes = 19,937 |percentage = 22.61% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Chavan Shankar Marya |party=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |votes = 17,793 |percentage = 20.18% |change={{decrease}}0.26 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Dagla Marhya Radhya |party=Independent politician |votes = 14,014 |percentage = 15.89% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 16,044 |percentage = 18.19% |change= {{decrease}}27.14 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 90,910 |percentage = 55.63% |change= {{increase}}13.87 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 88,188}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 163,412|ref = |change= {{increase}}25.35 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |loser = Indian National Congress |swing= {{decrease}}24.97 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1985===
{{Election box begin|title = [[1985 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Dahanu<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1985 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1985/Statistical%20Report%20Maharashtra%201985.pdf |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120117075119/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1985/Statistical%20Report%20Maharashtra%201985.pdf |archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=Nam Shankar Sakharam |party=Indian National Congress |votes = 34,385 |percentage = 65.77% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Sutar Gangaram Dhakat |party=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |votes = 10,685 |percentage = 20.44% |change={{decrease}}21.92 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Dhinde Lahanu Ladkya |party=Janata Party |votes = 7,208 |percentage = 13.79% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 23,700 |percentage = 45.33% |change= {{increase}}30.05 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 54,302 |percentage = 41.65% |change= {{increase}}2.86 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 52,278}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 130,366|ref = |change= {{increase}}9.66 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |loser = Indian National Congress (I) |swing= {{increase}}8.13 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1980===
{{Election box begin|title = [[1980 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Dahanu<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1980 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1980/Statistical%20Report%201980%20Maharashtra.pdf |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120117083555/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1980/Statistical%20Report%201980%20Maharashtra.pdf |archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=Kadu Mahadeo Gopal |party=Indian National Congress (I) |votes = 25,522 |percentage = 57.64% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Chavan Shankar Marya |party=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |votes = 18,753 |percentage = 42.36% |change={{decrease}}5.37 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 6,769 |percentage = 15.29% |change= {{increase}}6.72 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 46,064 |percentage = 38.75% |change= {{decrease}}13.62 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 44,275}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 118,878|ref = |change= {{increase}}10.04 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner = Indian National Congress (I) |loser = Communist Party of India (Marxist) |swing= {{increase}}9.92 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1978===
{{Election box begin|title = [[1978 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Dahanu<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1978 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1978/Statistical%20Report%201978%20Maharashtra.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170629182050/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1978/Statistical%20Report%201978%20Maharashtra.pdf|archive-date=29 June 2017|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=Chavan Shankar Marya |party=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |votes = 26,224 |percentage = 47.73% |change={{increase}}0.42 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Kadu Mahadeo Gopal |party=Indian National Congress |votes = 21,514 |percentage = 39.16% |change={{decrease}}13.53 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Lahanu Ladakya Dhinde |party=Independent politician |votes = 7,206 |percentage = 13.12% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 4,710 |percentage = 8.57% |change= {{increase}}3.19 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 57,706 |percentage = 53.42% |change= {{decrease}}3.00 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 54,944}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 108,031|ref = |change= {{increase}}16.23 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner = Communist Party of India (Marxist) |loser = Indian National Congress |swing= {{decrease}}4.96 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1972===
{{Election box begin|title = [[1972 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Dahanu<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1967 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/StatReport_MT_72.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170519183024/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/StatReport_MT_72.pdf|archive-date=19 May 2017|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=Mahadeo Gopal Kadu |party=Indian National Congress |votes = 26,378 |percentage = 52.69% |change={{increase}}0.47 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Kom Lahanu Shidwa |party=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |votes = 23,685 |percentage = 47.31% |change={{increase}}10.68 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 2,693 |percentage = 5.38% |change= {{decrease}}10.21 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 52,965 |percentage = 56.99% |change= {{decrease}}1.73 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 50,063}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 92,945|ref = |change= {{increase}}30.82 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |loser = Indian National Congress |swing= {{increase}}0.47 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1967===
{{Election box begin|title = [[1967 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Dahanu<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1967 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=https://www.eci.nic.in/eci_main/statisticalreports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Maharashtra%201967.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180926233227/https://www.eci.nic.in/eci_main/statisticalreports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Maharashtra%201967.pdf|archive-date=26 September 2018|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=Mahadeo Gopal Kadu |party=Indian National Congress |votes = 20,627 |percentage = 52.22% |change={{increase}}10.79 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=N. R. Ozarya |party=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |votes = 14,469 |percentage = 36.63% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=D. N. Bendar |party=Bharatiya Jana Sangh |votes = 2,813 |percentage = 7.12% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=K. N. Bhimara |party=Praja Socialist Party |votes = 1,592 |percentage = 4.03% |change={{decrease}}19.64 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 6,158 |percentage = 15.59% |change= {{increase}}9.07 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 43,445 |percentage = 61.15% |change= {{decrease}}8.71 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 39,501}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 71,050|ref = |change= {{increase}}39.86 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |loser = Indian National Congress |swing= {{increase}}10.79 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1962===
{{Election box begin|title = [[1962 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Dahanu<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1962 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_Maharastra_1962.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120117085627/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_Maharastra_1962.pdf|archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=Shamrao Ramchandra Patil |party=Indian National Congress |votes = 13,533 |percentage = 41.42% |change={{increase}}10.35 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Godavari Shamrao Parulekar |party=Communist Party of India |votes = 11,403 |percentage = 34.90% |change={{increase}}12.38 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Parshuram Dharmaji Churi |party=Praja Socialist Party |votes = 7,733 |percentage = 23.67% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 2,130 |percentage = 6.52% |change= {{increase}}3.14 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 35,035 |percentage = 68.97% |change= {{decrease}}53.88 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 32,669}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 50,801|ref = |change= {{decrease}}59.32 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |loser = Indian National Congress |swing= {{increase}}10.35 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1957===
{{Election box begin|title = [[1957 Bombay State Legislative Assembly election]] : Dahanu<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1957 to the Legislative Assembly of Bombay |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1957/StatRep_Bombay_1957.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120114093455/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1957/StatRep_Bombay_1957.pdf|archive-date=14 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=Shamrao Ramchandra Patil |party=Indian National Congress |votes = 45,871 |percentage = 31.08% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=Thakaria Santu Devoo (St) |party=Indian National Congress |votes = 40,883 |percentage = 27.70% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Parulekar Godavari Shamrao |party=Communist Party of India |votes = 33,249 |percentage = 22.53% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Sapatya Shidva Deoji (St) |party=Communist Party of India |votes = 27,602 |percentage = 18.70% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 4,988 |percentage = 3.38% |change= }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 147,605 |percentage = 118.18% |change= }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 147,605}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 124,894|ref = |change= }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner = Indian National Congress |loser = Indian National Congress |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
* [[Dahanu]]
* [[List of constituencies of Maharashtra Vidhan Sabha]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Thane district topics}}
{{Assembly constituencies of Maharashtra}}
{{coords|19.99|72.74|display=title}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Palghar district]]
[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Politics of Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1962]]
[[Category:1962 establishments in Maharashtra]]

Malleshwaram Assembly constituency

2026-04-14T03:29:07Z

WilheminaJanzen: created some data nd citations!

{{Short description|Constituency of the Karnataka legislative assembly in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2020}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Malleshwaram
| state = [[Karnataka]]
| type = SLA
| constituency_no = 157
| map_image = 157-Malleshwaram constituency.svg
| map_caption =
| map_alt =
| district = [[Bangalore Urban district|Bangalore Urban]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Bangalore North Lok Sabha constituency|Bangalore North]]
| established = 1951
| reservation = None
| mla = [[C. N. Ashwath Narayan]]
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| latest_election_year = [[2023 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|2023]]
| preceded_by = [[M. R. Seetharam]]
| electors = {{formatnum:227484}} (2023)<ref name=election2023/>{{update after|2028|7}}
}}
'''Malleshwaram Assembly constituency''' is one of the 224 Assembly constituencies of [[Karnataka]]. It is a part of [[Bangalore Urban district]] and comes under [[Bangalore North Lok Sabha constituency]].<ref name=delimitation2008>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3931-delimitation-of-parliamentary-assembly-constituencies-order-2008/ |title=Delimitation of Parliamentary & Assembly Constituencies Order - 2008 |website=Election Commission of India |date=26 November 2008 |accessdate= 12 February 2021}}</ref><ref name=14assemblymemberslist>{{cite web |url=http://kla.kar.nic.in/assembly/member/14assemblymemberslist.htm |title=Fourteenth Karnataka Legislative Assembly |website=kla.kar.nic.in |publisher=[[Karnataka Legislative Assembly]] |accessdate= 3 February 2021}}</ref>

==Members of the Legislative Assembly==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Election
! Member
! colspan=2|Party
|-
| bgcolor="#FFF58A" | [[1952 Mysore State Legislative Assembly election|1952]] || V. R. Naidu || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| bgcolor="#FFF58A" | [[1957 Mysore State Legislative Assembly election|1957]] || T. Parthasarathy || {{Full party name with color|Independent politician|rowspan=2}}
|-
| bgcolor="#FFF58A" | [[1962 Mysore State Legislative Assembly election|1962]] || K. Devaya
|-
| bgcolor="#FFF58A" | [[1967 Mysore State Legislative Assembly election|1967]] || rowspan="2" | [[M. S. Krishnan (politician)|M. S. Krishnan]] || {{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}
|-
| bgcolor="#FFF58A" | [[1972 Mysore State Legislative Assembly election|1972]] || {{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India}}
|-
| [[1978 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|1978]] || rowspan="2" | P. Ramdev || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party|rowspan=3}}
|-
| [[1983 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|1983]]
|-
| [[1985 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|1985]] || M. Raghupathy
|-
| [[1989 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|1989]] || [[Jeevaraj Alva]] || {{Full party name with color|Janata Dal|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[1994 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|1994]] || [[Anant Nag]]
|-
| [[1999 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|1999]] || rowspan="2" | [[M. R. Seetharam]] || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[2004 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|2004]]
|-
| [[2008 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|2008]] || rowspan="4" | [[C. N. Ashwath Narayan|Dr. C. N. Ashwath Narayan]] || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=4}}
|-
| [[2013 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|2013]]
|-
| [[2018 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|2018]]
|-
| [[2023 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|2023]]
|}

==Election results==
=== Assembly Election 2023 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[2023 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Malleshwaram <ref name=election2023>{{cite web |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenMay2023/ConstituencywiseS10157.htm?ac=157|title=Karnataka Legislative Assembly Election 2023|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |website=eci.gov.in |accessdate=7 September 2021}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[C. N. Ashwath Narayan|Dr. C. N. Ashwath Narayan]] |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 80,606 |percentage = 63.72% |change = {{decrease}}3.50 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Anoop Iyengar |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 39,304 |percentage = 31.07% |change = {{increase}}7.51 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Uthkarsh. A |party = Janata Dal (Secular) |votes = 2,657 |percentage = 2.10% |change = {{decrease}}4.28 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = None of the above |party = None of the above |votes = 2,079 |percentage = 1.64% |change = {{decrease}}0.10 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Suman |party = Aam Aadmi Party |votes = 800 |percentage = 0.63% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 41,302 |percentage = 32.65% |change = {{decrease}}11.02 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 126,493 |percentage = 55.61% |change = {{decrease}}0.88 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 126,493}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 227,484 |ref = |change = {{increase}}3.91 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Bharatiya Janata Party |swing = {{decrease}}3.50 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 2018 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[2018 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Malleshwaram <ref name=election2018>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/6933-karnataka-2018/ |title=Karnataka Legislative Assembly Election -2018 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |website=eci.gov.in |accessdate=7 September 2021}}</ref><ref name=karCeoResults2018>{{cite web |url=https://www.ceokarnataka.kar.nic.in/GenELC_2018/ResultsACWise.PDF |title=Karnataka 2018 - Candidate-wise Votes Details |date=2018-05-16 |access-date=7 September 2021 |website=ceokarnataka.kar.nic.in |publisher=Chief Election Office - Karnataka}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[C. N. Ashwath Narayan|Dr. C. N. Ashwath Narayan]] |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 83,130 |percentage = 67.22% |change = {{increase}}17.36 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Kengal Shreepadharenu |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 29,130 |percentage = 23.56% |change = {{decrease}}8.07 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Madhusudhan. N |party = Janata Dal (Secular) |votes = 7,884 |percentage = 6.38% |change = {{increase}}3.93 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = None of the above |party = None of the above |votes = 2,157 |percentage = 1.74% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 54,000 |percentage = 43.67% |change = {{increase}}25.44 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 123,674 |percentage = 56.49% |change = {{decrease}}5.84 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 123,665}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 218,931 |ref = |change = {{increase}}26.00 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Bharatiya Janata Party |swing = {{increase}}17.36 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 2013 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[2013 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Malleshwaram <ref>{{cite web |title=Statistical Report on General Election, 2013 : To the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/AE2013/StatReports2013.pdf |website=eci.nic.in |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=2014-04-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131220034253/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/AE2013/StatReports2013.pdf |archive-date=2013-12-20 |url-status=dead}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[C. N. Ashwath Narayan|Dr. C. N. Ashwath Narayan]] |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 57,609 |percentage = 49.86% |change = {{decrease}}2.27 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = B. K. Shivaram |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 36,543 |percentage = 31.63% |change = {{decrease}}12.57 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Dr. Meenakshi Bharath |party = Lok Satta Party |votes = 7,610 |percentage = 6.59% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Shwetha. S |party = Janata Dal (Secular) |votes = 2,827 |percentage = 2.45% |change = {{increase}}0.23 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Kumar. N |party = Karnataka Janata Paksha |votes = 1,910 |percentage = 1.65% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 21,066 |percentage = 18.23% |change = {{increase}}10.30 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 108,304 |percentage = 62.33% |change = {{increase}}10.10 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 115,540}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 173,761 |ref = |change = {{decrease}}12.08 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Bharatiya Janata Party |swing = {{decrease}}2.27 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 2008 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[2008 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Malleshwaram <ref>{{cite web |title=General Election Karnataka Legislative Assembly 2008 Election Statistics |url=https://www.ceokarnataka.kar.nic.in/PDFS/Previous%20Elections/Election%20Statistics%202008%20Final.pdf |publisher=Government of Karnataka |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210201232433/https://www.ceokarnataka.kar.nic.in/PDFS/Previous%20Elections/Election%20Statistics%202008%20Final.pdf |archive-date=1 February 2021 |url-status=dead}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[C. N. Ashwath Narayan|Dr. C. N. Ashwath Narayan]] |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 53,794 |percentage = 52.13% |change = {{increase}}10.62 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = [[M. R. Seetharam]] |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 45,611 |percentage = 44.20% |change = {{decrease}}8.20 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = M. Shankaranna |party = Janata Dal (Secular) |votes = 2,291 |percentage = 2.22% |change = {{decrease}}2.19 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 8,183 |percentage = 7.93% |change = {{decrease}}2.96 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 103,218 |percentage = 52.23% |change = {{increase}}6.06 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 103,200}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 197,639 |ref = |change = {{increase}}1.17 }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Bharatiya Janata Party |loser = Indian National Congress |swing = {{decrease}}0.27 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 2004 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[2004 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Malleshwaram <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 2004 to the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2004/StatisticalReports_KT_2004.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006204912/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2004/StatisticalReports_KT_2004.pdf|archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[M. R. Seetharam]] |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 47,029 |percentage = 52.40% |change = {{increase}}4.74 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = [[C. N. Ashwath Narayan|Dr. C. N. Ashwath Narayan]] |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 37,252 |percentage = 41.51% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Bhadragiri Sarvothama Pai |party = Janata Dal (Secular) |votes = 3,959 |percentage = 4.41% |change = {{decrease}}14.51 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Dr. Bhagavandas Alva. K |party = Kannada Nadu Party |votes = 666 |percentage = 0.74% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 9,777 |percentage = 10.89% |change = {{decrease}}10.67 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 90,197 |percentage = 46.17% |change = {{decrease}}1.34 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 89,745}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 195,353 |ref = |change = {{increase}}10.96 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |swing = {{increase}}4.74 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1999 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1999 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Malleshwaram <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1999 to the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1999/StatisticalReport-KT99.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006053217/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1999/StatisticalReport-KT99.pdf|archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[M. R. Seetharam]] |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 39,864 |percentage = 47.66% |change = {{increase}}31.24 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = M. Raghupathy |party = Janata Dal (United) |votes = 21,829 |percentage = 26.10% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Nanjundappa. B. R |party = Janata Dal (Secular) |votes = 15,823 |percentage = 18.92% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Puttaswamy. B. J |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,974 |percentage = 2.36% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = K. V. Achar |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,492 |percentage = 1.78% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Venkatesharao. B. J. P |party = Independent politician |votes = 716 |percentage = 0.86% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Dr. Jayalakshmi. H. G |party = Independent politician |votes = 652 |percentage = 0.78% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Dr. Shamanna. K |party = Independent politician |votes = 546 |percentage = 0.65% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Visweshweshwara Sharma Iyyer. S |party = Nationalist Congress Party |votes = 531 |percentage = 0.63% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 18,035 |percentage = 21.56% |change = {{decrease}}6.07 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 83,646 |percentage = 47.51% |change = {{decrease}}12.84 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 83,646}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 176,054 |ref = |change = {{increase}}17.69 }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Indian National Congress |loser = Janata Dal |swing = {{decrease}}1.44 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1994 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1994 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Malleshwaram <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1994 to the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1994/StatisticalReport-KT94.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006211324/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1994/StatisticalReport-KT94.pdf|archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[Anant Nag]] |party = Janata Dal |votes = 43,772 |percentage = 49.10% |change = {{increase}}6.58 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = H. N. Chandrashekara |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 19,142 |percentage = 21.47% |change = {{increase}}14.91 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = H. D. Gangaraj |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 14,635 |percentage = 16.42% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = V. G. Parashurama |party = Karnataka Pradesh Congress Committee |votes = 8,315 |percentage = 9.33% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Kodagina Seethamma |party = Janata Party |votes = 1,057 |percentage = 1.19% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = H. G. Jayalakshmi |party = Independent politician |votes = 876 |percentage = 0.98% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 24,630 |percentage = 27.63% |change = {{increase}}23.17 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 90,270 |percentage = 60.35% |change = {{increase}}4.33 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 89,143}}
{{Election box rejected |votes = 1,127 |percentage = 1.25% |change = {{decrease}}3.51 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 149,588 |ref = |change = {{decrease}}2.90 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Janata Dal |swing = {{increase}}6.58 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1989 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1989 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Malleshwaram <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1989 to the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1989/Statistical%20Report%20karnataka%201989.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101007070737/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1989/Statistical%20Report%20karnataka%201989.pdf|archive-date=7 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[Jeevaraj Alva]] |party = Janata Dal |votes = 34,955 |percentage = 42.52% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = P. Ramdev |party = Independent politician |votes = 31,285 |percentage = 38.06% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = R. Venugopala Reddy |party = Janata Party |votes = 8,682 |percentage = 10.56% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Sarojini Muthanna |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 5,389 |percentage = 6.56% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = K. Uma |party = Socialist Unity Centre of India (Communist) |votes = 526 |percentage = 0.64% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 3,670 |percentage = 4.46% |change = {{decrease}}27.31 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 86,310 |percentage = 56.02% |change = {{decrease}}1.41 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 82,204}}
{{Election box rejected |votes = 4,106 |percentage = 4.76% |change = {{increase}}3.70 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 154,060 |ref = |change = {{increase}}28.17 }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Janata Dal |loser = Janata Party |swing = {{decrease}}13.77 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1985 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1985 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Malleshwaram <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1985 to the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1985/Statistical%20Report%20Karnataka%201985.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006143216/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1985/Statistical%20Report%20Karnataka%201985.pdf |archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = M. Raghupathy |party = Janata Party |votes = 38,445 |percentage = 56.29% |change = {{decrease}}9.73 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Vijoilakshami Ram Bhat |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 16,746 |percentage = 24.52% |change = {{increase}}2.32 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = T. Venkatesh |party = Independent politician |votes = 11,092 |percentage = 16.24% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Sunder Babu Shetty |party = Lokdal |votes = 1,012 |percentage = 1.48% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 21,699 |percentage = 31.77% |change = {{decrease}}12.06 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 69,027 |percentage = 57.43% |change = {{decrease}}3.62 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 68,294}}
{{Election box rejected |votes = 733 |percentage = 1.06% |change = {{decrease}}1.29 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 120,202 |ref = |change = {{increase}}9.81 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Janata Party |swing = {{decrease}}9.73 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1983 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1983 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Malleshwaram <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1983 to the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1983/Statistical%20Report%201983%20karnatkaa.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101007124742/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1983/Statistical%20Report%201983%20karnatkaa.pdf |archive-date=7 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = P. Ramdev |party = Janata Party |votes = 43,083 |percentage = 66.02% |change = {{increase}}9.07 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = K. V. Achar |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 14,483 |percentage = 22.20% |change = {{increase}}19.52 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = N. A. Chidambara |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 6,042 |percentage = 9.26% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Radhakrishna |party = Independent politician |votes = 400 |percentage = 0.61% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 28,600 |percentage = 43.83% |change = {{increase}}23.05 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 66,822 |percentage = 61.05% |change = {{decrease}}5.34 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 65,253}}
{{Election box rejected |votes = 1,569 |percentage = 2.35% |change = {{increase}}0.20 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 109,460 |ref = |change = {{increase}}22.96 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Janata Party |swing = {{increase}}9.07 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1978 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1978 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Malleshwaram <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1978 to the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1978/Statistical%20Report%20Karnataka%201978.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101007164123/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1978/Statistical%20Report%20Karnataka%201978.pdf |archive-date=7 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = P. Ramdev |party = Janata Party |votes = 32,936 |percentage = 56.95% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = [[M. S. Krishnan (politician)|M. S. Krishnan]] |party = Communist Party of India |votes = 20,918 |percentage = 36.17% |change = {{decrease}}17.39 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = J. Lingaiah |party = Independent politician |votes = 2,066 |percentage = 3.57% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Lakshminarasimhaiah |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 1,550 |percentage = 2.68% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 12,018 |percentage = 20.78% |change = {{decrease}}10.12 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 59,102 |percentage = 66.39% |change = {{increase}}15.66 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 57,829}}
{{Election box rejected |votes = 1,273 |percentage = 2.15% |change = {{increase}}2.15 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 89,018 |ref = |change = {{decrease}}26.22 }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Janata Party |loser = Communist Party of India |swing = {{increase}}3.39 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1972 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1972 Mysore State Legislative Assembly election]] : Malleshwaram <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1972 to the Legislative Assembly of Mysore |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/StatisRep_Mysore_72.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006074555/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/StatisRep_Mysore_72.pdf |archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[M. S. Krishnan (politician)|M. S. Krishnan]] |party = Communist Party of India |votes = 31,925 |percentage = 53.56% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = P. Ramdev |party = Independent politician |votes = 13,506 |percentage = 22.66% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = B. M. Rama Krishnappa |party = Bharatiya Jana Sangh |votes = 7,256 |percentage = 12.17% |change = {{increase}}5.39 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = K. B. Venkatesh |party = Independent politician |votes = 5,682 |percentage = 9.53% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Kesari Gopinath |party = Independent politician |votes = 461 |percentage = 0.77% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = H. S. Sheshibhushan |party = Independent politician |votes = 410 |percentage = 0.69% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Ramdas |party = Independent politician |votes = 369 |percentage = 0.62% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 18,419 |percentage = 30.90% |change = {{increase}}27.79 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 61,208 |percentage = 50.73% |change = {{decrease}}0.92 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 59,609}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 120,653 |ref = |change = {{increase}}39.48 }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Communist Party of India |loser = Communist Party of India (Marxist) |swing = {{increase}}23.30 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1967 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1967 Mysore State Legislative Assembly election]] : Malleshwaram <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1967 to the Legislative Assembly of Mysore |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Mysore%201967.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006083645/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Mysore%201967.pdf |archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[M. S. Krishnan (politician)|M. S. Krishnan]] |party = Communist Party of India (Marxist) |votes = 12,977 |percentage = 30.26% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = T. K. T. Gowda |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 11,641 |percentage = 27.14% |change = {{increase}}5.47 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = P. Ramdev |party = Independent politician |votes = 9,774 |percentage = 22.79% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = H. V. Rangappa |party = Independent politician |votes = 3,856 |percentage = 8.99% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = M. R. Jois |party = Bharatiya Jana Sangh |votes = 2,907 |percentage = 6.78% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = S. P. Naidu |party = Independent politician |votes = 963 |percentage = 2.25% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = B. L. Nagaraj |party = Independent politician |votes = 773 |percentage = 1.80% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 1,336 |percentage = 3.11% |change = {{increase}}2.38 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 44,675 |percentage = 51.65% |change = {{decrease}}3.58 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 42,891}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 86,499 |ref = |change = {{increase}}25.80 }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Communist Party of India (Marxist) |loser = Independent politician |swing = {{increase}}7.85 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1962 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1962 Mysore State Legislative Assembly election]] : Malleshwaram <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1962 to the Legislative Assembly of Mysore |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_Mysore_1962.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006093153/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_Mysore_1962.pdf |archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = K. Devaya |party = Independent politician |votes = 8,097 |percentage = 22.41% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = K. Sriramulu |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 7,832 |percentage = 21.67% |change = {{decrease}}14.29 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = B. Venkatasubba Rao |party = Swatantra Party |votes = 5,438 |percentage = 15.05% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = T. Parthasarathy |party = Independent politician |votes = 5,250 |percentage = 14.53% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = A. Nagesha Rao |party = Communist Party of India |votes = 4,524 |percentage = 12.52% |change = {{increase}}0.33 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Anniappan |party = Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes = 2,648 |percentage = 7.33% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = S. B. Swethadri |party = Bharatiya Jana Sangh |votes = 985 |percentage = 2.73% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Jayaram |party = Republican Party of India |votes = 792 |percentage = 2.19% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = B. Dasaratha Rao |party = Independent politician |votes = 571 |percentage = 1.58% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 265 |percentage = 0.73% |change = {{decrease}}6.11 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 37,978 |percentage = 55.23% |change = {{increase}}12.17 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 36,137}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 68,758 |ref = |change = {{increase}}20.08 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Independent politician |swing = {{decrease}}20.39 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1957 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1957 Mysore State Legislative Assembly election]] : Malleshwaram <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1957 to the Legislative Assembly of Mysore |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1957/StatRep_Mysore_1957.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120111195053/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1957/StatRep_Mysore_1957.pdf |archive-date=11 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = T. Parthasarathy |party = Independent politician |votes = 10,552 |percentage = 42.80% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Kumaran. K. S |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 8,866 |percentage = 35.96% |change = {{decrease}}4.69 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = A. Nagesha Rao |party = Communist Party of India |votes = 3,006 |percentage = 12.19% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Balasundaram |party = Scheduled Castes Federation |votes = 1,320 |percentage = 5.35% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Nanjappa |party = Independent politician |votes = 910 |percentage = 3.69% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 1,686 |percentage = 6.84% |change = {{decrease}}5.59 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 24,654 |percentage = 43.06% |change = {{decrease}}7.37 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 24,654}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 57,258 |ref = |change = {{increase}}24.34 }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Independent politician |loser = Indian National Congress |swing = {{increase}}2.15 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1952 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1952 Mysore State Legislative Assembly election]] : Malleshwaram <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1951 to the Legislative Assembly of Mysore |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1951/StatRep_51_MYSORE.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101007130946/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1951/StatRep_51_MYSORE.pdf|archive-date=7 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = V. R. Naidu |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 9,441 |percentage = 40.65% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = T. Parthasarathy |party = Socialist Party (India) |votes = 6,554 |percentage = 28.22% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = K. S. Naidu |party = Independent politician |votes = 5,506 |percentage = 23.71% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = M. Krishnaswamy Pillai |party = Bharatiya Jana Sangh |votes = 934 |percentage = 4.02% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = H. V. Chandrasekharaiah |party = Independent politician |votes = 443 |percentage = 1.91% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = S. K. Venkataranga Iyengar |party = Independent politician |votes = 346 |percentage = 1.49% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 2,887 |percentage = 12.43% |change = }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 23,224 |percentage = 50.43% |change = }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 23,224}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 46,049 |ref = |change = }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner = Indian National Congress |swing = }}
{{Election box end}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*[https://www.oneindia.com/amphtml/india/malleshwaram-election-result-2018-dr-ashwathnarayan-wins-bjp-juggernaut-rolling-on-in-bengaluru-2696509.html 2018 election results]
*[https://www.timesnownews.com/elections/karnataka-assembly-election-2018-latest/constituency/article/malleshwaram-c-n-ashwath-narayan-kengal-shreepada-renu-bjp-congress/224729 2018 election info]

{{Vidhan Sabha constituencies of Karnataka}}
{{coords|13.01|77.57|display=title}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Karnataka]]
[[Category:Bengaluru Urban district]]
[[Category:Politics of Bengaluru]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1951]]
[[Category:1951 establishments in Mysore State]]

M. K. Lokesh

2026-04-07T23:22:20Z

WilheminaJanzen: created initial pg basic info!

{{Short description|Indian civil servant}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| image =
| office = [[Indian people|Indian]] [[ambassador]] to [[United Arab Emirates]]
| term_start = 11-04-2010
| term_end = 17-12-2013
| predecessor = [[Talmiz Ahmad]]
| successor = [[T.P. Seetharam]]
| office1 =
| prime_minister1 =
| term_start1 =
| term_end1 =
| predecessor1 =
| successor1 =
| office2 =
| prime_minister2 =
| term_start2 =
| term_end2 =
| predecessor2 =
| successor2 =
| birth_date =
| birth_place =
| occupation = [[Civil servant]] [[Indian Foreign Service|IFS]]
| children =
| party =
| alma_mater =
| profession =
| sibling =
| website =
}}
'''M. K. Lokesh''' is an [[Indian people|Indian]] [[Civil servant]] and was the [[Indian people|Indian]] [[ambassador]] to [[United Arab Emirates]].<ref>{{cite web | url=http://mea.gov.in/press-releases.htm?dtl/1176/Shri+MK+Lokesh+appointed+as+the+next+Ambassador+of+India+to+the+United+Arab+Emirates | title=M.K. Lokesh appointed as the next Ambassador of India to the United Arab Emirates | work=mea.gov.in | accessdate=11 June 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://indianexpress.com/article/news-archive/print/new-indian-envoy-in-uae-presents-credentials/ | title=New Indian envoy in UAE presents credentials | work=indianexpress.com | accessdate=11 June 2016}}</ref>

==Positions held==
*Ambassador to [[Switzerland]].<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/m-k-lokesh-is-new-ambassador-to-switzerland-113091800985_1.html | title=M K Lokesh is new ambassador to Switzerland | work=business-standard.com | accessdate=11 June 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://mea.gov.in/press-releases.htm?dtl/22217/Shri+Mysore+Kapanaiah+Lokesh+appointed+as+the+next+Ambassador+of+India+to+Switzerland | title=Mysore Kapanaiah Lokesh appointed as the next Ambassador of India to Switzerland | work=mea.gov.in | accessdate=11 June 2016}}</ref>

==[[Indian Foreign Service]]==
He is a 1977 batch officer of the [[Indian Foreign Service]].

==Indian Ambassadors to United Arab Emirates==
'''{{Main|Indian Ambassadors to the United Arab Emirates}}'''

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Lokesh, M. K.}}
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Ambassadors of India to the United Arab Emirates]]
[[Category:Indian Foreign Service officers]]
[[Category:Ambassadors of India to the Holy See]]
[[Category:Ambassadors of India to Switzerland]]

Nannamma Super Star

2026-04-05T01:16:21Z

WilheminaJanzen: created a post needs work!

{{Short description|Kannada language TV soap opera}}
{{more citations needed|date=January 2022}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2021}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2021}}
{{Infobox television
| image = NannammaSuperstar.jpg
| image_size =
| caption =
| alt_name =
| genre =
| creator = Parameshwar Gundkal
| based_on =
| developer = Prakash Gopalkrishna
| writer =
| director = Prakash Gopalkrishna
| creative_director =
| presenter = {{Plainlist}}
* [[Anupama Gowda]]
{{endplainlist}}
| starring =
| judges = {{Plainlist}}
* [[Srujan Lokesh]]
* [[Tara (Kannada actress)]]
* [[Anu Prabhakar]]
{{endplainlist}}
| voices =
| narrated =
| theme_music_composer =
| composer =
| country = India
| language = Kannada
| num_seasons = 3
| executive_producer =
| producer = Pixel Pictures Private Limited
| location = [[Bengaluru]]
| cinematography = Arun Bramha
| editor =
| camera = [[Multiple-camera setup|Multi-camera]]
| runtime = 60-75 minutes
| company = [[Viacom 18]]
| network = [[Colors Kannada]]
| first_aired = {{start date|df=yes|2021|11|27}}
| last_aired = present
| related =
| endtheme =
| opentheme = Super Star Super Star Nannamma Super Star
}}

'''''Nannamma Super Star''''' (ನನ್ನಮ್ಮ ಸೂಪರ್ ಸ್ಟಾರ್) is a [[Kannada]] game show involving celebrity mothers and their children, and it is airing on [[Colors Kannada]] and streamed on [[Voot]]. The show is dedicated to motherhood as the mother-child duos compete in fun tasks for the title of Nannamma Super Star. The judges of the show are [[Srujan Lokesh]], [[Anu Prabhakar]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Reality Show: ನನ್ನಮ್ಮ ಸೂಪರ್‌ಸ್ಟಾರ್‌ಗೆ ಅನು ಪ್ರಭಾಕರ್ ಜಡ್ಜ್|url=https://kannada.asianetnews.com/tv-talk/colors-kannada-actress-anu-prabhakar-as-a-judge-in-nanamma-superstar-reality-show-vcs-r36hm6|access-date=2022-01-05|website=Asianet News Network Pvt Ltd|language=kn}}</ref> and [[Tara (Kannada actress)|Tara]]. The show is hosted by [[Anupama Gowda]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Anupama Gowda to host new reality show 'Nann Amma Superstar' - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/kannada/anupama-gowda-to-host-new-reality-show-nann-amma-superstar/articleshow/87850256.cms|access-date=2022-01-05|website=The Times of India}}</ref> The show premiered on 27 November 2021.

== Production ==
A celebrity game show like no other, featuring 12 awesome celebrity mothers who participate with their children, and the pair that excels in games, compatibility, and entertainment will take home the coveted title competing for the title of Nannamma Super Star. Each week brings unique themed tasks and challenges where the mothers and their children will not just have to win the game but also win hearts with their compatibility and entertaining ability. The surviving duo will be crowned Nannamma Super Star. The show is produced by Pixel Pictures Private Limited.

== Contestants ==
A total of 12 celebrity mothers, mostly TV actors are part of the show.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; white-space:nowrap; margin:auto; font-size:95%;"
! width="20" |#
! width="120" |Mother
! width="140" |Child
!
|-
| 1
| Yashaswini
| Vanshika
| Winner<ref>{{Cite web|title=ನನ್ನ ಮಾಸ್ಟರ್ ಆನಂದ್ ಮಗಳು ಅಂತ ಕರೆಯುತ್ತಾರೆ, ಇನ್ಮೇಲೆ ನನ್ನ ಹೆಸರನ್ನೇ ಕರೆಯಬೇಕು: ವಂಶಿಕಾ|url=https://vijaykarnataka.com/tv/news/nannamma-super-star-show-contestants-master-anand-daughter-vanshika/articleshow/87929155.cms|access-date=2022-01-05|website=Vijaya Karnataka|language=kn}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=ಪ್ರೇಕ್ಷಕರಿಂದ 'ಬಿಜಲಿ ಪಟಾಕಿ' ಅಂತ ಕರೆಸಿಕೊಂಡ ನಟ ಮಾಸ್ಟರ್ ಆನಂದ್ ಪುತ್ರಿ ವಂಶಿಕಾ ಅಂಜನಿ ಕಶ್ಯಪ|url=https://vijaykarnataka.com/tv/news/nana-amma-superstar-show-master-anand-daughter-vanshika-anjani-kashyapa-video-viral/articleshow/88012346.cms|access-date=2022-01-05|website=Vijaya Karnataka|language=kn}}</ref>
|-
| 2
| Mamatha<ref>{{Cite web|title=ಬಾಡಿ ಬಿಲ್ಡ್‌ ಮಾಡಿದ್ದಕ್ಕೆ ಧ್ವನಿ ಬದಲಾಯ್ತು, ಗಂಡು ಮಕ್ಕಳು ಫ್ಲರ್ಟ್ ಮಾಡೋದು ತಪ್ಪಿತು: ಮಮತಾ|url=https://vijaykarnataka.com/tv/news/nannamma-super-star-body-builder-mamatha-sanath-kumar-daughter-poorvika/articleshow/88012939.cms|access-date=2022-01-05|website=Vijaya Karnataka|language=kn}}</ref>
| Poorvika
|-
| 3
| Supreetha Shetty<ref>{{Cite web|title=Nannamma Superstar: Supreetha Shetty reveals she has never hugged her daughter for the past six years, read to know why? - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/kannada/nannamma-superstar-supreetha-shetty-reveals-she-has-never-hugged-her-daughter-for-the-past-six-years-read-to-know-why/articleshow/88385172.cms|access-date=2022-01-05|website=The Times of India}}</ref>
| Ibbani
|-
| 4
| Nandini<ref>{{Cite web|title=ಇಬ್ಬರು ಮಕ್ಕಳು ಚಿಕ್ಕವರಿರೋದರಿಂದ ನಾನು ಸದ್ಯ ಧಾರಾವಾಹಿಯಲ್ಲಿ ನಟಿಸುತ್ತಿಲ್ಲ: ನಟಿ ನಂದಿನಿ|url=https://vijaykarnataka.com/video/entertainment/nammamma-superstar-reality-show-actress-nandini-son-advik/videoshow/87865803.cms|access-date=2022-01-05|website=Vijaya Karnataka|language=kn}}</ref>
| Advik
|-
| 5
| Bhavyashree Rai
| Suprabham
|-
| 6
| Vijayalakshmi
| Dheeraj
|-
| 7
| Vindhya<ref>{{Cite web|last=vaishnavi|title=ತಂದೆ-ತಾಯಿಗೆ ಕಣ್ಣಿಲ್ಲ, 7 ತಿಂಗಳಿಗೆ ಹುಟ್ಟಿದ್ದ ತುಂಟ ಪುತ್ರ: Geetha ಧಾರಾವಾಹಿ ನಟಿಯ ಜೀವನವಿದು!|url=https://kannada.asianetnews.com/tv-talk/colors-kannada-namamma-super-star-actress-vindya-rohit-wins-netizen-love-in-introduction-round-vcs-r3fdfj|access-date=2022-01-05|website=Asianet News Network Pvt Ltd|language=kn}}</ref>
| Rohith<ref>{{Cite web|title='ನಮ್ಮಮ್ಮ ಸೂಪರ್ ಸ್ಟಾರ್' ಶೋನಲ್ಲಿ ಮಗನ ಜೊತೆ ಸ್ಪರ್ಧೆಗಿಳಿದ 'ಗೀತಾ' ಧಾರಾವಾಹಿ ನಟಿ ವಿಂಧ್ಯಾ ಆರ್|url=https://vijaykarnataka.com/video/entertainment/nammamma-superstar-reality-show-geetha-serial-actress-vindhya-r-son-rohit/videoshow/87864749.cms|access-date=2022-01-05|website=Vijaya Karnataka|language=kn}}</ref>
|-
| 8
| Janhavi Karthik
| Granth
|-
| 9
| Tanuja
| Mahitha
|-
| 10
| Punitha
| Arya
| Runner up
|-
| 11
| Amrutha
| Samanvi
|-
| 12
| Bhagyashree<ref>{{Cite web|title='ನನ್ನಮ್ಮ ಸೂಪರ್ ಸ್ಟಾರ್' ಶೋನಲ್ಲಿ ಪುತ್ರ ಆಯುಷ್ಮಾನ್ ಜೊತೆಗೆ ಲಕ್ಷಣ' ಧಾರಾವಾಹಿ ನಟಿ ಭಾಗ್ಯಶ್ರೀ|url=https://vijaykarnataka.com/video/entertainment/actress-bhagyashree-participate-nanamma-super-star-show-with-son-ayushman/videoshow/88542182.cms|access-date=2022-01-05|website=Vijaya Karnataka|language=kn}}</ref>
| Ayushman
|}

== Weekly summary ==
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="width:99%;"
! scope="col" style="background:#9A0700; color:#fff;" |Week No.
! scope="col" style="background:#9A0700; color:#fff;" |Episode No.
! scope="col" style="background:#9A0700; color:#fff;" |Original Air Date
! scope="col" style="background:#9A0700; color:#fff;" |Duo Evicted Rank
! scope="col" style="background:#9A0700; color:#fff;" |Theme
! scope="col" style="background:#9A0700; color:#fff;" |Star Of The Week
! scope="col" style="background:#9A0700; color:#fff;" |Entertainer Of The Week
|-
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;" |1 Grand Premiere
| style="text-align:center;" |1 2
|27 November 2021 28 November 2021
| {{n/a}}
|Introduction
| {{n/a}}
| {{n/a}}
|-
| colspan="6" style="text-align:left;" |
* Celebrity mothers and their children were introduced with performances.
|-
! colspan="7" style="background:#9A0700;" |
|-
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;" |2
| style="text-align:center;" |3 4
|4 December 2021 5 December 2021
| {{n/a}}
|Roles reverse Round
| {{n/a}}
| {{n/a}}
|-
| colspan="6" style="text-align:left;" |
* Roles are reversed of mothers and children and the contestants perform tasks.
|-
! colspan="7" style="background:#9A0700;" |
|-
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;" |3
| style="text-align:center;" |5 6
|11 December 2021 12 December 2021
| {{n/a}}
|Entertainment Round
|Bhagyashree & Suprabham
| {{n/a}}
|-
| colspan="6" style="text-align:left;" |
* Couples prepare tasty, finger-licking dishes blended with romance with a pinch of twist.
|-
! colspan="7" style="background:#9A0700;" |
|-
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;" |4
| style="text-align:center;" |7 8
|18 December 2021
19 December 2021
| {{n/a}}
|Halli Round
|Vindya & Rohith
| {{n/a}}
|-
| colspan="6" style="text-align:left;" |
* Contestants perform tasks related to village lifestyle
* Tara offers Kai Thuthu to everyone.
|-
! colspan="7" style="background:#9A0700;" |
|-
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;" |5
| style="text-align:center;" |9 10
|25 December 2021
26 December 2021
| {{n/a}}
|Raja Rani Meets Nannamma Super Star<ref>{{Cite web|title=ಮಾಸ್ಟರ್ ಆನಂದ್ ಪುತ್ರಿ-ನಿವೇದಿತಾ ಗೌಡ ನಡುವೆ ಮಾತಿನ ಜಟಾಪಟಿ; ವಂಶಿಕಾ ಮಾತಿಗೆ ಸುಸ್ತಾದ ಜಡ್ಜ್‌ಸ್|url=https://vijaykarnataka.com/tv/news/nannamma-super-star-niveditha-gowda-master-anand-daughter-vanshika-anjani-kashyapa-skit/articleshow/88473537.cms|access-date=2022-01-05|website=Vijaya Karnataka|language=kn}}</ref>
| {{n/a}}
| {{n/a}}
|-
| colspan="6" style="text-align:left;" |
* All the Raja Rani show contestants are invited for a reunion with Nannamma Super Stars
* Contestants perform certain tasks and Dance by giving wholesome entertainment.
|-
! colspan="7" style="background:#9A0700;" |
|-
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;" |6
| style="text-align:center;" |11
|2 January 2022
| {{n/a}}
|Fancy Dress Round
|Vijayalakshmi & Deeraj
| {{n/a}}
|-
| colspan="6" style="text-align:left;" |
* [[Dhananjaya (actor)|Dhananjay]], [[Amrutha Iyengar]] & the entire [[Badava Rascal]] film team is invited as guests for this special round.
* Contestants perform skits by wearing fancy dresses.
|-
! colspan="7" style="background:#9A0700;" |
|-
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;" |7
| style="text-align:center;" |12
13
|8 January 2022
9 January 2022
|style="background:#f4c7b8; text-align: center;" |Bhagyashree & Ayushman
Amrutha Naidu & Samanvi '''Rank 12 & Rank 11'''
|Cooking Round
|Yashaswini and Vanshika
|Jahanavi & Granth
|-
| colspan="6" style="text-align:left;" |
* [[Danish Sait]] graces the show to promote his web series [[Humble Politician Nograj]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Nannamma Superstar: Humble political Nograj aka Danish Sait to grace the reality show - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/kannada/nannamma-superstar-humble-political-nograj-aka-danish-sait-to-grace-the-reality-show/articleshow/88703477.cms|access-date=2022-01-11|website=The Times of India}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=January 5, 2022|title=Voot Select all set for launch of Kannada original web series ‘Humble Politiciann Nograj’|url=https://bestmediainfo.com/2022/01/voot-select-all-set-for-launch-of-kannada-original-web-series-humble-politiciann-nograj/|access-date=2022-01-11|website=www.bestmediaifo.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-01-05|title=Voot Select enters Karnataka with its first Kannada original|url=https://www.indiantelevision.com/iworld/over-the-top-services/voot-select-enters-karnataka-with-its-first-kannada-original-220105|access-date=2022-01-11|website=Indian Television Dot Com}}</ref>
* Contestants perform cooking tasks with some twists inserted in them.
|-
! colspan="7" style="background:#9A0700;" |
|-
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;" |8
| style="text-align:center;" |14
15
|15 January 2022
16 January 2022
| {{n/a}}
|Sankranthi Special Round
|Vindya & Rohith
|Puneetha & Arya
|-
| colspan="6" style="text-align:left;" |
* Tasks related to the festival were performed.
* Ede Thumbi Haaduvenu contestants graced the show or the festival's special episode.
|-
! colspan="7" style="background:#9A0700;" |
|-
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;" |9
| style="text-align:center;" |16
17
|22 January 2022
23 January 2022
| {{n/a}}
|Blockbuster Film Round
|Supreetha & Ibbani
|Jahanavi & Granth
|-
| colspan="6" style="text-align:left;" |
* Contestants recreate the blockbuster films in their own way.
|-
! colspan="7" style="background:#9A0700;" |
|-
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;" |10
| style="text-align:center;" |18
19
|5 February 2022
6 February 2022
| {{n/a}}
|Surprise Gift Round<ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-02-07|title=‘ಇವನು ನನ್ನ ತಂದೆ ರೂಪ ಎಂದು ನಾನು ನಂಬಿದ್ದೇನೆ’; ಮಗ ಸುಕೃತ್ ಬಗ್ಗೆ ಸೃಜನ್ ಲೋಕೇಶ್ ಮಾತು|url=https://tv9kannada.com/entertainment/television/srujan-lokesh-talks-about-his-son-sukruth-in-nannamma-super-star-stage-rmd-333132.html|access-date=2022-02-18|website=TV9 Kannada|language=kn}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-02-05
|title=ಮಾಸ್ಟರ್ ಆನಂದ್ ಮಗಳು ವಂಶಿಕಾ ಭರ್ಜರಿ ಶಾಪಿಂಗ್; ವಿಡಿಯೋ ನೋಡಿ ಹೊಟ್ಟೆ ಹುಣ್ಣಾಗುವಂತೆ ನಕ್ಕ ಸೃಜನ್ ಲೋಕೇಶ್|url=https://tv9kannada.com/entertainment/television/srujan-lokesh-laugh-out-loud-after-saw-the-vt-of-vanshika-shopping-for-nannamma-super-star-rmd-332241.html|access-date=2022-02-18|website=TV9 Kannada|language=kn}}</ref>
|Bhavya Shree Rai & Suprabham
|Nandini Vittal & Adhvik
|-
| colspan="6" style="text-align:left;" |
* All the children bought gifts for their mothers and surprised them.
* To win the gifts mothers perform certain tasks.
|-
! colspan="7" style="background:#9A0700;" |
|-
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;" |11
| style="text-align:center;" |20
21
|12 February 2022
13 February 2022
| {{n/a}}
|Super Challenge Round<ref>{{Cite web|title=Nannamma Superstar: Vanshika Anjani Kashyap recreates an iconic scene from father Master Anand's movie 'Gauri Ganesha' - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/kannada/nannamma-superstar-vanshika-anjani-kashyap-recreates-an-iconic-scene-from-father-master-anands-movie-gauri-ganesha/articleshow/89613482.cms|access-date=2022-02-18|website=The Times of India}}</ref>
| {{n/a}}
| {{n/a}}
|-
| colspan="6" style="text-align:left;" |
* The contestants performed challenging tasks.
* Srujan surprises Tara, Anu Prabhakar, and Anupama Gowda by gift.
|-
! colspan="7" style="background:#9A0700;" |
|-
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;" |12
| style="text-align:center;" |22
23
|19 February 2022
20 February 2022
| {{n/a}}
|Daddy's Round
|Puneetha & Arya
|Nandini & Advik
|-
| colspan="6" style="text-align:left;" |
* The daddies of all the contestants participated in the show.
* Tasks related to the daddy and their understanding of their families were arranged.
|-
! colspan="7" style="background:#9A0700;" |
|-
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;" |13
| style="text-align:center;" |24
|26 February 2022
| {{n/a}}
|Get up Round
|Arya & Punnetha
|Nandini & Advik
|-
| colspan="6" style="text-align:left;" |
* The contestants wear different get-ups and they perform.
* Aliens act by Poorvika and Mamta steals the show.
|-
! colspan="7" style="background:#9A0700;" |
|-
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;" |14
| style="text-align:center;" |25
26
|5 March 2022
6 March 2022
| {{n/a}}
|Ranga Sambrhrama Round
|Puneetha and Team
|Jahnavi and Team
|-
| colspan="6" style="text-align:left;" |
* The contestants perform different kinds of theater plays.
* Theater artists are felicitated on the stage.
|-
! colspan="7" style="background:#9A0700;" |
|-
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;" |15
(''Quarter Finale'')
| style="text-align:center;" |27
28
|12 March 2022
13 March 2022
|style="background:#f4c7b8; text-align: center;" |Mamtha & Poorvika
Vijaylakshmi & Dheeraj '''Rank 10 & Rank 09'''
|Dance Dhamaka Round<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nannamma Superstar gears up for Quarter finale - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/kannada/nannamma-superstar-gears-up-for-quarter-finale/articleshow/90121737.cms |access-date=2022-03-20 |website=The Times of India}}</ref>
| {{n/a}}
| {{n/a}}
|-
| colspan="6" style="text-align:left;" |
* The contestants perform blockbuster dance performances.
* Two eliminations were held.
|-
! colspan="7" style="background:#9A0700;" |
|-
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;" |16
(Semi ''Finale'')
| style="text-align:center;" |29
30
|19 March 2022
20 March 2022
|style="background:#f4c7b8; text-align: center;" |Bhavyashree & Suprabham
Tanuja & Mahitha '''Rank 08 & Rank 07'''
|Granny's Round<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nannamma Superstar gears up for its semi-finale - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/kannada/nannamma-superstar-gears-up-for-its-semi-finale/articleshow/90287448.cms |access-date=2022-03-20 |website=The Times of India}}</ref>
| {{n/a}}
| {{n/a}}
|-
| colspan="6" style="text-align:left;" |
* All the Grandmothers of the contestants participate in the show.
* A step closer to the finale intense the competition among the contestants
|-
! colspan="7" style="background:#9A0700;" |
|}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:2021 Indian television series debuts]]
[[Category:Kannada-language television shows]]
[[Category:Colors Kannada original programming]]
[[Category:Indian television series based on non-Indian television series]]
[[Category:Indian dance television shows]]
[[Category:Indian celebrity reality television series]]

Asian forest tortoise

2026-04-01T06:48:34Z

WilheminaJanzen: started new article

{{Short description|Species of tortoise}}
{{Speciesbox
| image = Manouria-emys-asian-forest-tortoise.jpg
| image_caption = ''Manouria emys'' from [[Kaeng Krachan National Park]] in Thailand
| status = CR
| status_system = IUCN3.1
| status_ref = <ref name="iucn status 13 November 2021">{{cite iucn |author=Choudhury, B.C. |author2=Cota, M. |author3=McCormack, T. |author4=[[Kalyar Platt|Platt, K.]] |author5=Das, I. |author6=Ahmed, M.F. |author7=Timmins, R.J. |author8=Rahman, S.C. |author9=Singh, S. |date=2019 |title=''Manouria emys'' |volume=2019 |article-number=e.T12774A152052098 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-1.RLTS.T12774A152052098.en |access-date=13 November 2021}}</ref>
| genus = Manouria
| species = emys
| authority = ([[Hermann Schlegel|Schlegel]] & [[Salomon Müller|S. Müller]], 1844)
| synonyms = {{collapsible list|
'''''Testudo emys emys'''''
*''Testudo emys'' Schlegel & S. Müller, 1840
*''Testudo emydoides'' [[André Marie Constant Duméril|A.M.C. Duméril]], [[Gabriel Bibron|Bibron]] & [[Auguste Duméril|A.H.A. Duméril]], 1851
*''Manouria fusca'' [[John Edward Gray|Gray]], 1854
*''Teleopus luxatus'' [[John Eatton LeConte|LeConte]], 1854
*''Manouria emydoides'' — [[Alexander Strauch (naturalist)|Strauch]], 1862
*''Manouria emys'' — Strauch, 1862
*''Manouria luxata'' — Strauch, 1862
*''Testudo (Scapia) falconeri'' Gray, 1869
*''Scapia falconeri'' — Gray, 1870
*''Manuria emys'' — [[Richard Lydekker|Lydekker]], 1889
*''Geochelone emys'' — [[Arthur Loveridge|Loveridge]] & [[:fr:Ernest Edward Williams|E. Williams]], 1957
*''Manouria emys emys'' — [[Fritz Jürgen Obst|Obst]], 1983
*''Geochelone emys emys'' — Gosławski & Hryniewicz, 1993
*''Testudo emys emys'' — Paull, 1999
'''''Testudo emys phayrei'''''
*''Testudo phayrei'' [[Edward Blyth|Blyth]], 1853
*''Testudo (Scapia) falconeri'' — Gray, 1869
*''Scapia falconeri'' — Gray, 1870
*''Scapia phayrei'' — Gray, 1871
*''Testudo nutapundi'' [[Michael J. Reimann|Reimann]], 1979
*''Geochelone nutapundi'' — Groombridge, 1982
*''Manouria emys nutapundi'' — Obst, 1983
*''Manouria emys phayrei'' — [[Roger Bour|Bour]], 1984
*''Geochelone (Manouria) emys phayeri'' Alderton, 1988 ''([[ex errore]])''
*''Geochelone emys nutapundi'' — Gosławski & Hryniewicz, 1993
*''Manouria nutapundi'' — Obst, 1996
*''Manouria emys phayeri'' — Paull, 1997
*''Manouria emys phayre'' [[:fr:Indraneil Das|Das]], 2001 ''(ex errore)''
*''Manouria emys phareyi'' Ferri, 2002 ''(ex errore)''
}}
| synonyms_ref = <ref name="Fritz 2007">{{Cite journal|journal=Vertebrate Zoology |title=Checklist of Chelonians of the World |year=2007 |author=Fritz, Uwe |author2=Havaš, Peter |volume=57 |issue=2 |page=288 |doi=10.3897/vz.57.e30895 |s2cid=87809001 |issn=1864-5755 |doi-access=free }}</ref>
| range_map =
| range_map_caption =
}}

The '''Asian forest tortoise''' (''Manouria emys'') is a [[species]] of [[tortoise]] in the [[Family (biology)|family]] [[Testudinidae]]. The species is [[Endemism|endemic]] to [[Southeast Asia]]. It is believed to be among the most primitive of living tortoises, based on molecular and morphological studies.

==Taxonomy==
There are two recognized subspecies: '''''M. e. emys''''', which is native to southern Thailand, Malaysia, Sumatra, Borneo; and '''''M. e. phayrei''''', which is found from northwestern Thailand to northeastern India. The latter was named after Sir [[Arthur Purves Phayre]] (1812–1885), [[British Army]] officer in India who became Commissioner of British Burma.<ref>Beolens, Bo; Watkins, Michael; Grayson, Michael (2011). ''The Eponym Dictionary of Reptiles''. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. xiii + 296 pp. {{ISBN|978-1-4214-0135-5}}. (''Manouria emys phayrei'', p. 205).</ref>

Based on a variety of phylogenetic characteristics, the genus ''[[Manouria]]'' is regarded as comparatively primitive and basal to other [[Testudinidae]].<ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=[[Minh Duc Le|Le M]], [[:fr:Christopher John Raxworthy|Raxworthy CJ]], [[William Patrick McCord|McCord WP]], [[Lisa Mertz|Mertz L]]|year=2006|title=A molecular phylogeny of tortoises (Testudines: Testudinidae) based on mitochondrial and nuclear genes|journal=Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution|volume=40|issue=2|pages=517–531|doi=10.1016/j.ympev.2006.03.003|pmid=16678445 |bibcode=2006MolPE..40..517L }}</ref>

==Common names==
Currently, the species has several [[Common name|common names]]. '''Asian/Burmese brown/black tortoise, Asian/Burmese forest tortoise, Asian/Burmese mountain tortoise,''' and '''Asian/Burmese Giant Tortoise''' are all modern day common names. Less commonly, the species may be known as the '''six-legged tortoise'''. <ref name=":1">Stumpel, J.B.G.; Brinkman, D.; Pfau B. (2025). "[https://strapi.eaza.net/uploads/2025_Manouria_emys_EAZA_Best_Practice_Guidelines_Approved_75d11ba759.pdf. EAZA Best Practice Guidelines for the Asian giant forest tortoise (''Manouria emys'')]". Retrieved March 31, 2026.</ref>

The two subspecies are generally referred to with different common names. "Asian", "Sundaic", "forest", "southern", and "brown" are more likely to be used to describe the ''M. e. emys'' subspecies. Adjectives such as "Burmese", "mountain", "northern", and "black" generally describe ''M. e. phayrei''. <ref name=":1" />

In older literature, this species may be referred to by different names. When the species was first described, it was named ''Testudo emys'', and the subspecies ''T. e. phayrei'' was called ''Testudo phayrei''. Other synonymous older names include ''Geochelone nutapundi, Testudo emys,'' and ''Manuria emys.'' <ref name=":1" />

==Description==
''M. emys'' is the largest tortoise in mainland Asia. The largest adults of the northern subspecies (''M. e. phayrei'') can reach 25 kg (55 lb) in the wild and much more in captivity. It has a broad, flattened upper shell and a large lower shell, with distinctive features on its head, limbs, and skin that set it apart from other tortoises.

{{Multi image
| image1 = Manouria-emys-kaeng-krachan-national-park-above-640x426.jpg
| image2 = Manouria-emys-kaeng-krachan-national-park-under-640x426.jpg
| footer = View of carapace and plastron at [[Kaeng Krachan National Park]], in Thailand.
| align = center
| total_width = 450
}}[[File:2024-03-29-Manouria emys-167A3610.jpg|thumb|In Vietnam]]
[[File:ManouriaFuscaFord.jpg|thumb|Illustration by [[George Henry Ford]]]]
[[File:Manouria emys emys 111453048.jpg|thumb|Underwater, in [[Sumatra]]]]

The [[Turtle shell|carapace]] is considerably depressed (flattened), its depth less than half its length. Anterior and posterior margins are reverted (upturned) and strongly serrated (toothed). A [[nuchal]] (neck) shield is present, along with two supracaudal (above the tail) shields. Dorsal shields show concentric striations (grooves) and are often concave. Vertebral shields are much broader than long and at least as broad as costals (side plates). The lower shell (plastron) is large, with the gular region (throat area) produced (slightly extended) and typically notched (indented). The hind lobe (rear section) is deeply notched (indented). Pectoral shields may be widely separated or joined by a short median suture (seam). The axillary (armpit) shield is very small, while the inguinal ([[groin]]) shield is large. The head is moderate in size, featuring two large prefrontal shields and a large frontal shield. The beak is not hooked. Jaws are feebly denticulated (weakly toothed), with a strong median ridge (raised line) on the upper jaw's alveolar surface (inner surface). Anterior forelimb surfaces have large, bony, pointed, imbricate tubercles (overlapping bumps) in four or five longitudinal series. Hind limbs bear large bony tubercles (bumps) on the plantar surface (sole), with larger, conical, spur-like tubercles (bumps) on the heel and a group of even larger conical tubercles (bumps) on each side of the thighs' posterior. Adults are dark brown or blackish. Juveniles have a yellowish-brown carapace with dark-brown markings.<ref>[[George Albert Boulenger|Boulenger GA]] (1890). ''The Fauna of British India, Including Ceylon and Burma. Reptilia and Batrachia''. London: Secretary of State for India in Council. (Taylor and Francis, printers). xviii + 541 pp. (''Testudo emys'', p. 22).</ref>

==Distribution==
''M. emys'' occurs in countries across Asia, which includes [[Bangladesh]], [[Cambodia]], [[India]], [[Indonesia]], [[Malaysia]], [[Myanmar]], [[Thailand]], and [[Vietnam]].<ref name="iucn status 13 November 2021" />

== Diet ==
This species has been observed in the wild to consume whole [[Fungus|fungi]], shoots of koster's curse (''[[Miconia crenata]]''), leaves and petioles of elephant ears (''[[Alocasia sarawakensis]] and Alocasia scabriuscula),'' shoots of ''[[Begonia]] sp.'', shoots of ''[[Phrynium]] sp.,'' shoots of vegetable fern (''[[Diplazium esculentum]]),'' and flowers of wild ginger (''[[Etlingera coccinea]]).'' Most commonly eaten were plants of the genus ''[[Alocasia]],'' with individuals observed standing nearly vertical to reach leaves. In captivity, individuals have accepted a wide variety of food, predominantly being herbivorous but occasionally consuming frogs, snails, or [[carrion]] when presented.<ref>Høybye-Mortensen K. 2004. ''M. Sc. Thesis'', University of South Denmark. p. 100</ref>

==Reproduction==
[[File:Manouria emys -Toronto Zoo, Ontario, Canada-8a.jpg|thumb|Mating at the [[Toronto Zoo]]]]
''M. emys'' is the only tortoise which lays its eggs above ground in a nest, which the female constructs of [[leaf litter]]. The female uses both front and rear legs to gather material for the nest and lays up to 50 eggs deep inside it. She then sits on and near the nest to protect it, and will "chase" predators and intruders away.<ref name=":0">{{Cite thesis |last=Emer |first=Sherri |date=2007-05-04 |title=Temperature-Dependent Sex Determination in Manouria Emys Emys, The Asian Forest Tortoise |url=https://scholarworks.gsu.edu/biology_theses/11 |publisher=Georgia State University |doi=10.57709/1059206 |doi-access=free}}</ref>

Preliminary research has been conducted into Temperature-Dependent Sex Determination (TSD) in the southern subspecies (''M. e. emys''), and an estimated pivotal temperature of 29.29°C was determined. Incubation temperatures higher than this produce high rates of female hatchlings, and lower than this produce high rates of males.

A correlation was also seen between temperature and incubation time, with higher temperatures resulting in a shorter incubation time, and lower temperatures resulting in a longer incubation time. Incubation time ranged from 60 to 90 days.<ref name=":0" />

==Cited references==
{{Reflist}}

==Further reading==
*{{cite journal | author = Anderson J | author-link = John Anderson (zoologist) | year = 1871 | title = On ''Testudo Phayrei'', Theob. & Dr. Gray | url = https://zenodo.org/record/2428875| journal = Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. |series=Fourth Series | volume = 8 | issue = 47| pages = 324–330 | doi=10.1080/00222937108696497}}
*[[Edward Blyth|Blyth E]] (1854). "Notices and Descriptions of Various Reptiles, New or Little-known. Part I". ''J. Asiatic Soc. Bengal'' '''22''' [1853]: 639–655.
*[[Hermann Schlegel|Schlegel H]], [[Salomon Müller|Müller S]] (1844). "''Over de Schildpadden van den Indischen Archipel'' ". In: [[Coenraad Jacob Temminck|Temminck CJ]] (1839–1847). ''Verhandelingen over de natuurlijke geschiedenis der Nederlandsche overzeesche bezittingen, door de leden der Natuurkundige Commisie in Oost-Indie en andere schrijvers. Leijden folio. Afd. 1 Zoologie in 12 afleveringen, met 45 gekl. pl. - Vitg. door C.J. Temminck, Leiden, Leuchtmans u. Hoeck in comm.'': 29–36. (''Testudo emys'', new species, p. 34 + Plate IV). (in Dutch).
*{{cite journal | author = Stoliczka F | author-link = Ferdinand Stoliczka | year = 1871 | title = Note on ''Testudo Phayrei'' | journal = Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. |series=Fourth Series | volume = 8 | issue = 45| page = 212 | doi=10.1080/00222937108696469| url = https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/part/64530 }}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Manouria emys}}
{{Wikispecies|Manouria emys}}

*{{NRDB species|genus=Manouria|species=emys}}
* http://www.tortoise.org/archives/manouria.html

{{Testudinidae}}

{{Taxonbar|from=Q900757}}

[[Category:Manouria]]
[[Category:Reptiles of India]]
[[Category:Reptiles of Borneo]]
[[Category:Reptiles of Bangladesh]]
[[Category:Reptiles of Myanmar]]
[[Category:Reptiles of Vietnam]]
[[Category:Reptiles of Cambodia]]
[[Category:Reptiles of Thailand]]
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[[Category:Reptiles described in 1844]]

Neymar

2026-03-29T10:03:52Z

WilheminaJanzen: brief refined section and corrected details

{{short description|Brazilian footballer (born 1992)}}
{{other uses}}
{{Portuguese name|da Silva|Santos|Júnior}}
{{pp-blp|small=yes}}
{{Pp-move}}
{{Use British English|date=September 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2024}}
{{Infobox football biography
| name = Neymar
| image = Neymar Jr. with Al Hilal, 3 October 2023 - 03 (cropped).jpg
| caption = Neymar with [[Al Hilal SFC|Al Hilal]] in 2023
| full_name = Neymar da Silva Santos Júnior<ref name="NameBirthHeight">{{cite web |url=https://fdp.fifa.org/assetspublic/ce44/pdf/SquadLists-English.pdf |title=FIFA World Cup Qatar 2022™ – Squad List: Brazil (BRA) |publisher=FIFA |page=4 |date=18 December 2022 |access-date=20 October 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221218195301/https://fdp.fifa.org/assetspublic/ce44/pdf/SquadLists-English.pdf |archive-date=18 December 2022 |url-status=live }}</ref>
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1992|2|5|df=y}}<ref name="NameBirthHeight"/>
| birth_place = [[Mogi das Cruzes]], Brazil<ref>{{Cite web|title=Player Profile – Neymar Jr.|url=http://www.sportycious.com/player-profile-neymar-jr-91287/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140621220136/http://www.sportycious.com/player-profile-neymar-jr-91287/|archive-date=21 June 2014|access-date=23 January 2021|website=Sportycious}}</ref>
| height = 1.75 m<ref name="NameBirthHeight"/>
| position = [[Attacking midfielder]], [[Forward (association football)|forward]]
| currentclub = [[Santos FC|Santos]]
| clubnumber = 10
| youthyears1 = 1999–2003
| youthclubs1 = [[Associação Atlética Portuguesa (Santos)|Portuguesa Santista]]
| youthyears2 = 2003–2009
| youthclubs2 = [[Santos FC (youth)|Santos]]
| years1 = 2009–2013
| clubs1 = [[Santos FC|Santos]]
| caps1 = 179
| goals1 = 107
| years2 = 2013–2017
| clubs2 = [[FC Barcelona|Barcelona]]
| caps2 = 123
| goals2 = 68
| years3 = 2017–2023
| clubs3 = [[Paris Saint-Germain FC|Paris Saint-Germain]]
| caps3 = 112
| goals3 = 82
| years4 = 2023–2025
| clubs4 = [[Al Hilal SFC|Al Hilal]]
| caps4 = 3
| goals4 = 0
| years5 = 2025–
| clubs5 = [[Santos FC|Santos]]
| caps5 = 32
| goals5 = 14
| nationalyears1 = 2009
| nationalteam1 = [[Brazil national under-17 football team|Brazil U17]]
| nationalcaps1 = 3
| nationalgoals1 = 1
| nationalyears2 = 2011
| nationalteam2 = [[Brazil national under-20 football team|Brazil U20]]
| nationalcaps2 = 7
| nationalgoals2 = 9
| nationalyears3 = 2012–2016
| nationalteam3 = [[Brazil national under-23 football team|Brazil U23]]
| nationalcaps3 = 14
| nationalgoals3 = 8
| nationalyears4 = 2010–
| nationalteam4 = [[Brazil national football team|Brazil]]
| nationalcaps4 = 128
| nationalgoals4 = [[List of international goals scored by Neymar|79]]
| club-update = 04:44, 19 March 2026 (UTC)
| nationalteam-update = 04:10, 18 October 2023 (UTC)
| medaltemplates = {{MedalSport|Men's [[Association football|Football]]}}
{{Medal|Country|{{fb|BRA}}}}
{{MedalCompetition|[[South American Youth Football Championship|South American U-20 Championship]]}}
{{Medal|W|[[2011 South American U-20 Championship|2011 Peru]]|}}
{{MedalCompetition|[[Football at the Summer Olympics|Summer Olympics]]}}
{{MedalSilver|[[2012 Summer Olympics|2012 London]]|[[Football at the 2012 Summer Olympics – Men's tournament|Team]]}}
{{MedalGold|[[2016 Summer Olympics|2016 Rio de Janeiro]]|[[Football at the 2016 Summer Olympics – Men's tournament|Team]]}}
{{MedalCompetition|[[FIFA Confederations Cup]]}}
{{Medal|W|[[2013 FIFA Confederations Cup|2013 Brazil]]|}}
{{MedalCompetition|[[Copa América]]}}
{{Medal|RU|[[2021 Copa América|2021 Brazil]]|}}
| upright = 1
| module = {{Infobox person|embed=yes
| signature = Neymar da Silva Santos Júnior signature.svg}}
}}
'''Neymar da Silva Santos Júnior''' ({{IPA|pt-br|nejˈmaʁ dɐ ˈsiwvɐ ˈsɐ̃tuz ˈʒuni.oʁ|audio=Neymar pronunciation.mp3}}; born 5 February 1992), simply known as '''Neymar Júnior''' (shortened to '''Neymar Jr''') or mononymously as '''Neymar''', is a Brazilian professional [[Association football|footballer]] who plays as an [[attacking midfielder]] or a [[Forward (association football)|forward]] for [[Campeonato Brasileiro Série A]] club [[Santos FC|Santos]], which he [[Captain (association football)|captains]]. Known for his dribbling, technical ability, playmaking, and finishing, he is widely regarded as one of the greatest players of all time. He is one of only five players to have scored 100 goals with three different clubs,{{efn|group=lower-greek|The other four players are [[Isidro Lángara]], [[Romário]], [[Cristiano Ronaldo]], and [[Robert Lewandowski]].}} both the all-time Brazilian top goalscorer (43) and [[UEFA Champions League#Most assists|assist provider]] (33) in the [[UEFA Champions League]], ranks second for the [[List of men's footballers with 50 or more international goals|all-time South American men's top goalscorers]] in international football (79), and was the [[Assist (association football)#Players with most assists in international football (all-time)|all-time top assist provider]] in international football (59) for two years.{{efn|group=lower-greek|From October 2023 to October 2025.}} He has scored over 400 senior career goals and registered over [[Assist (association football)#Players with most assists in all competitions (all-time)|250 assists]] for club and country.

Neymar made his professional debut with Santos in 2009 and won the [[Copa Libertadores]] in 2011, scoring in the [[2011 Copa Libertadores finals|finals]]. In 2013, [[FC Barcelona|Barcelona]] signed him and he soon became part of a dominant attacking trio with [[Lionel Messi]] and [[Luis Suárez]]—known as ''MSN''. In [[2014–15 FC Barcelona season|2014–15]], Neymar won the [[Treble (association football)|treble]] of [[La Liga]], the [[Copa del Rey]], and the Champions League, finishing as the top goalscorer of both that season's Champions League and the Copa del Rey.{{efn|group=lower-greek|[[Cristiano Ronaldo]] and [[Lionel Messi]] were also the top goal scorers of the Champions League campaign, with all three each scoring 10 goals.}} In the following [[2015–16 FC Barcelona season|season]], he helped Barcelona win the [[Double (association football)|double]]. In 2017, he left the club to join [[Paris Saint-Germain FC|Paris Saint-Germain]], becoming the [[List of most expensive association football transfers|most expensive player in history]] after his €222 million release clause was activated.{{efn|group=lower-greek|Although Barcelona did not classify Neymar's €222 million buyout clause as a transfer fee, it was functionally identical to a transfer fee, since it cancelled his then-current contract with Barcelona (as in a typical transfer). The payment, provided by an unknown source, made him the most expensive football player.<ref name="FCB Neymar">{{cite press release|url=https://www.fcbarcelona.com/football/first-team/news/2017-2018/fc-barcelona-communique-on-neymar-jr-buyout-clause|title=FC Barcelona communiqué on Neymar Jr|date=3 August 2017|access-date=3 August 2017|publisher=FC Barcelona|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170803171515/https://www.fcbarcelona.com/football/first-team/news/2017-2018/fc-barcelona-communique-on-neymar-jr-buyout-clause|archive-date=3 August 2017}}</ref><ref name="BBC Neymar">{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/40762417|title=Neymar: Paris St-Germain sign Barcelona forward for world record 222m euros|date=3 August 2017|access-date=4 August 2017|publisher=BBC|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170803235435/http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/40762417|archive-date=3 August 2017}}</ref>}} From 2018 onwards, injuries hampered Neymar's career, causing limited game time. Despite this, he was instrumental to PSG retrieving the [[Ligue 1]] title in his [[2017–18 Paris Saint-Germain FC season|debut season]], led them to their first-ever [[2020 UEFA Champions League final|Champions League final]] in 2020, became one of their [[List of Paris Saint-Germain FC records and statistics#All-time top scorers|all-time top goalscorers]], and won four more Ligue 1 titles. In 2023, he joined Saudi club [[Al Hilal SFC|Al-Hilal]] before returning to Santos in January 2025.

At 18, Neymar debuted for Brazil and has since become the nation's [[Brazil national football team#Most capped players|second-most-capped player]], only trailing [[Cafu]]. He is the nation's [[Brazil national football team#Top goalscorers|all-time top goalscorer]], with [[List of international goals scored by Neymar|79 goals]] in 128 matches. At the [[2012 Summer Olympics]] in [[Football at the Summer Olympics|men's football]], Neymar helped Brazil reach the [[Football at the 2012 Summer Olympics – Men's tournament final|final]], ultimately receiving the [[Olympic medal|Olympic silver medal]]. In the following year, he won the [[2013 FIFA Confederations Cup|FIFA Confederations Cup]] and received the [[Golden Ball (FIFA Confederations Cup)|Golden Ball]]. In the [[2014 FIFA World Cup]], he was named in the [[FIFA World Cup Dream Team|Dream Team]] and received the [[FIFA World Cup Bronze Boot|Bronze Boot]]. By the age of 22, Neymar had scored 40 goals for Brazil, already entering the country's top five goalscorers. At the [[2016 Summer Olympics]], he captained Brazil to their first Olympic gold medal in men's football. In the [[2021 Copa América]], he was focal to Brazil's [[2021 Copa América final|runners-up]] finish and was jointly awarded [[2021 Copa América#Awards|Best Player]]. Two years later, he surpassed [[Pelé]]'s 52-year long record as Brazil's all-time top goalscorer.

Neymar was named in both the [[FIFPro|FIFA FIFPro World11]] and the [[UEFA Team of the Year]] twice. He has received the [[FIFA Puskás Award]], the [[Campeonato Brasileiro Série A Best Player]], the [[La Liga Best World Player|La Liga Best American Player]], the [[Ligue 1 Player of the Year]], and the [[2011 Copa Libertadores#Best Player|Copa Libertadores Best Player]]. Internationally, he received the [[South American Footballer of the Year]] twice and was runner-up for the [[IFFHS]]'s [[CONMEBOL]] [[IFFHS World's Best Player#The Best Man Player of the Decade (2011–2020)|The Best Man Player of the Decade (2011–2020)]] award. Neymar’s zero [[Ballon d'Or|Ballon d’Or]] wins is often attributed to the fact that his career coincided with the peak of the [[Messi–Ronaldo rivalry|Messi and Ronaldo dominance]], finishing third behind them in [[2015 FIFA Ballon d'Or|2015]] and [[2017 Ballon d'Or|2017]], as well as his recurring injuries in the following years.

{{TOC limit|3}}

==Early life==
Neymar was born in [[Mogi das Cruzes]], [[São Paulo (state)|São Paulo]], to Neymar Santos Sr. and Nadine da Silva and had a [[Christian]] upbringing.<ref name="neymarjr">{{cite web|title=neymarjr|url=http://instagram.com/p/jgf7PgxtpQ/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140728215425/http://instagram.com/p/jgf7PgxtpQ/|archive-date=28 July 2014}}</ref><ref name="instagram.com">{{cite web|title=neymarjr|url=http://instagram.com/p/jPcOdKRttJ/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140728201305/http://instagram.com/p/jPcOdKRttJ/|archive-date=28 July 2014}}</ref> He inherited his name from his father, who is a former footballer and became his son's advisor as Neymar's talents began to grow.<ref>{{cite news | url = http://www.theage.com.au/sport/soccer/soccer-prodigy-neymar-is-at-home-in-brazil-20120710-21t7j.html | title = Soccer prodigy Neymar is at home in Brazil | work = The Age | access-date = 10 July 2012 | location = Melbourne | url-status=live | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20131109123657/http://www.theage.com.au/sport/soccer/soccer-prodigy-neymar-is-at-home-in-brazil-20120710-21t7j.html | archive-date = 9 November 2013}}</ref> Neymar comments on his father's role: "My father has been by my side since I was little. He takes care of things, my finances and my family."<ref name="Samba Star">{{cite news |date=1 March 2012 |title=Work and play – Brazil's samba star Neymar has it all |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2012/03/01/sport/football/football-neymar-santos-brazil/index.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120409170138/http://edition.cnn.com/2012/03/01/sport/football/football-neymar-santos-brazil/index.html |archive-date=9 April 2012 |publisher=CNN}}</ref> Growing up, Neymar combined his love of [[futsal]] with [[Street football (association football)|street football]].<ref name="Back Page">{{cite web | url = http://backpagefootball.com/transfers/neymar-da-silva-santos-junior-the-world%E2%80%99s-hottest-property-2/ | title = Neymar da Silva Santos Júnior – The World's Hottest Property? | work = Back Page Football | url-status=live | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20111117105022/http://backpagefootball.com/transfers/neymar-da-silva-santos-junior-the-world%E2%80%99s-hottest-property-2/ | archive-date = 17 November 2011}}</ref> Neymar said that futsal had a massive influence on him growing up, helping him develop his technique, speed of thought and ability to perform moves in tight spaces.<ref>{{Cite web|date=12 May 2020|title=Top 10 Pros Playing Today Who Started Off with Street Football and Futsal|url=https://urbanpitch.com/top-10-pros-playing-today-started-off-street-football/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200813055959/https://urbanpitch.com/top-10-pros-playing-today-started-off-street-football/|archive-date=13 August 2020|access-date=15 January 2021 |website=FutsalFeed}}</ref> He was inspired by [[Robinho]]—his "idol"— [[Ronaldinho]], [[Lionel Messi]], [[Cristiano Ronaldo]], [[Andrés Iniesta]], [[Xavi (footballer, born 1980)|Xavi]], and [[Wayne Rooney]].<ref>{{cite web |date=18 January 2018 |title=Ronaldinho: The artist that inspired Messi and Neymar |url=https://www.marca.com/en/football/barcelona/2018/01/18/5a60a261ca4741ae388b458c.html}}</ref><ref>[http://www1.skysports.com/football/news/11833/7585054/neymar-cools-messi-comparisons "Neymar cools Messi comparison"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131210202838/http://www1.skysports.com/football/news/11833/7585054/neymar-cools-messi-comparisons|date=10 December 2013}}. Sky Sports. Retrieved 9 May 2014</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Neymar downplays claims he is the best Brazilian since Pele{{!}} All Football |url=https://m.allfootballapp.com/news/La-Liga/Neymar-downplays-claims-he-is-the-best-Brazilian-since-Pele/1214504 |access-date=2025-08-04 |website=AllfootballOfficial}}</ref>

In 2003, Neymar moved with his family to [[São Vicente, São Paulo|São Vicente]], where he began playing for youth side [[Associação Atlética Portuguesa (Santos)|Portuguesa Santista]].<ref>{{cite news| url=http://m.globoesporte.globo.com/sp/santos-e-regiao/noticia/2012/11/atuacao-brilhante-pelo-sub-12-da-briosa-quase-fez-neymar-ir-para-rival.html| title=Performance by the under-12 Briosa almost did Neymar hit with São Paulo| date=7 January 2013| url-status=live| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130928144251/http://m.globoesporte.globo.com/sp/santos-e-regiao/noticia/2012/11/atuacao-brilhante-pelo-sub-12-da-briosa-quase-fez-neymar-ir-para-rival.html| archive-date=28 September 2013}}</ref> Then, later in 2003, they moved to [[Santos, São Paulo|Santos]], where Neymar joined [[Santos FC|Santos]].<ref>{{cite news| url=http://soccertalk.us/soccer-news/the-trajectory-of-a-soccer-star-neymar/| title=The Trajectory of a Soccer Star – Neymar| date=7 January 2013| url-status=dead| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130613084109/http://soccertalk.us/soccer-news/the-trajectory-of-a-soccer-star-neymar| archive-date=13 June 2013| access-date=7 January 2013}}</ref> With the success of his youth career and added income, the family bought their first property, a house next to Vila Belmiro, Santos' home stadium. Their quality of family life improved, as at age 15, Neymar was earning {{gaps|10|000}} [[Brazilian real|reais]] per month and at 16, {{gaps|125|000}} reais per month. At 17, he signed his first full professional contract, was upgraded to the Santos first team, and began signing his first [[sponsor (commercial)|sponsor]]ship deals.<ref name="Merca Foot">{{cite news |url=http://mercafoot.com/page/neymar-el-barcelona-piensa-en-su-fichaje-pero-podria-ser-sin-pep-guardiola-en-el-banquillo.html |title=Neymar: without Pep Guardiola on the Barce bench |work=Merca Foot |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150611133541/http://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/news/newsid%3D2255077.html |archive-date=11 June 2015 }}</ref>

==Club career==
===Santos===
====Youth====
Neymar began playing football at an early age and he was soon spotted by [[Santos FC|Santos]] who offered him a contract in 2003; where he was inducted into their [[Football academy|youth academy]], which has, in the past, produced Brazilian internationals like [[Antônio Wilson Vieira Honório|Coutinho]], [[Clodoaldo]], [[Diego (footballer, born 1985)|Diego]], [[Elano]] and [[Alex (footballer, born June 1982)|Alex]]. He also joined the likes of [[José Macia|Pepe]], [[Pelé]] and Robinho in starting out his career at the club, nicknamed ''Peixe''.<ref name="Santos Player Profile">{{cite web|url=http://www.santosfc.com.br/futebol/elenco/jogador.asp?i=2|title=Atacantes – Neymar|publisher=Santos Futebol Clube|language=pt|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://archive.today/20121204183020/http://www.santosfc.com.br/futebol/elenco/jogador.asp?i=2|archive-date=4 December 2012}}</ref> While in the youth academy, Neymar met [[Paulo Henrique Ganso]], becoming good friends in the process. Aged 14, Neymar travelled to Spain for tryouts with the [[Real Madrid C.F.|Real Madrid]] youth team. He did not stay in Madrid, however, as his father decided at the time that he preferred the young prodigy to keep growing up while playing at Santos.<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/2012/07/10/sports/soccer/neymar-soccer-prodigy-is-at-home-in-brazil.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0 "Soccer Prodigy, at Home in Brazil"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170805062720/http://www.nytimes.com/2012/07/10/sports/soccer/neymar-soccer-prodigy-is-at-home-in-brazil.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0 |date=5 August 2017 }}. ''The New York Times''. Retrieved 22 May 2014</ref><ref>Neymar Sr.'s own words explaining the decision, as translated in the referred source: "We're from a humble family, and in a humble family there is always the question of cultural values," he said. "We thought he had to grow up in Brazil. That was the first serious choice we had to make."</ref>

====2009: Debut season====
Neymar made his professional debut on 7 March 2009, one month after turning 17 years old. He was brought on for the last thirty minutes, in a 2–1 win against [[Oeste Futebol Clube|Oeste]].<ref name="Back Page"/> The following week he scored his first goal for Santos against [[Mogi Mirim Esporte Clube|Mogi Mirim]]. One month later, on 11 April, Neymar scored the decisive goal in a 2–1 win against [[Sociedade Esportiva Palmeiras|Palmeiras]] in the [[Campeonato Paulista 2009#Semi-finals|2009 Campeonato Paulista semi-final first leg]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://esportes.terra.com.br/futebol/estaduais/2009/interna/0,,OI3697654-EI12403,00-Neymar+da+vantagem+ao+Santos+no+duelo+com+Palmeiras.html|title=Neymar dá vantagem ao Santos no duelo com Palmeiras|date=11 April 2009 |publisher=Terra |language=pt |url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120331074815/http://esportes.terra.com.br/futebol/estaduais/2009/interna/0%2C%2COI3697654-EI12403%2C00-Neymar%20da%20vantagem%20ao%20Santos%20no%20duelo%20com%20Palmeiras.html|archive-date=31 March 2012}}</ref> In the final, however, [[Santos FC|Santos]] suffered a 4–2 aggregate defeat to [[Sport Club Corinthians Paulista|Corinthians]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://esportes.terra.com.br/futebol/estaduais/2009/interna/0,,OI3741998-EI12403,00-Invicto+Corinthians+segura+Santos+e+e+campeao+paulista.html|title=Invicto, Corinthians segura Santos e é campeão paulista|date=3 May 2009 |publisher=Terra |language=pt|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121008005558/http://esportes.terra.com.br/futebol/estaduais/2009/interna/0%2C%2COI3741998-EI12403%2C00-Invicto%20Corinthians%20segura%20Santos%20e%20e%20campeao%20paulista.html|archive-date=8 October 2012}}</ref> In his first season, Neymar racked up 14 goals in 48 games.<ref name="Back Page"/>

====2010: State league and Copa do Brasil titles====
{{Quote box|width=26%|align=right|quote="The 18-year-old is a magnificent prospect. He is sleek and skilful, able to beat the defender on either side, capable of combining well, and full of tricks he can put to productive use in and around the penalty area."|source=—South American football journalist [[Tim Vickery]] on Neymar in 2010.<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/legacy/timvickery/2010/08/neymar_hailed_for_premier_leag.html "Neymar hailed for Premier League snub"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150611133541/http://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/news/newsid%3D2255077.html |date=11 June 2015 }}. BBC Sport. Retrieved 14 January 2015</ref>}}
He continued his rapid development in 2010, and, on 15 April, he scored five goals for Santos in an 8–1 rout of [[Guarani FC|Guarani]] in the qualifying stages of the Brazilian Cup.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.wsn.com/2010/04/15/football/match-summaries/brazil/brazilian-cup/santos-sp_vs_guarani-sp/|title=Santos SP vs Guarani SP|date=15 April 2010|publisher=wsn.com|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100612042830/http://www.wsn.com/2010/04/15/football/match-summaries/brazil/brazilian-cup/santos-sp_vs_guarani-sp/|archive-date=12 June 2010}}</ref> Following the [[2010 Campeonato Paulista]] in which Neymar scored 14 goals in 19 games,<ref name="Santos Player Profile"/> including two in the second leg of the finals against [[Esporte Clube Santo André|Santo André]], the club were crowned champions.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://pitacodogringo.wordpress.com/2010/05/03/santos-take-the-paulista-%E2%80%93-but-only-just|title=Santos take the Paulista – but only just.|date=3 May 2010|publisher=Pitaco do Gringo|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110103014240/http://pitacodogringo.wordpress.com/2010/05/03/santos-take-the-paulista-%E2%80%93-but-only-just/|archive-date=3 January 2011}}</ref> Neymar was subsequently given the award for the best player in the competition,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://globoesporte.globo.com/Esportes/Noticias/Futebol/Campeonato_Paulista/0,,MUL1586454-9839,00.html|title=Meninos da Vila comandam a festa de encerramento do Paulistão 2010|date=4 May 2010|work=GloboEsporte|language=pt|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100507192041/http://globoesporte.globo.com/Esportes/Noticias/Futebol/Campeonato_Paulista/0%2C%2CMUL1586454-9839%2C00.html|archive-date=7 May 2010}}</ref> and his performances for the club drew comparisons to other Brazilians, including Robinho, [[Alexandre Pato]], and Pelé.<ref name="Neymar Scouting">{{cite news|url=http://www.skysports.com/football/transfers/scout/0,24035,15198_6067212,00.html |title=Sky Sports Scout – Neymar |date=8 April 2010 |publisher=Sky Sports |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100412080328/http://www.skysports.com/football/transfers/scout/0%2C24035%2C15198_6067212%2C00.html |archive-date=12 April 2010 }}</ref>

In the 2010 summer transfer window, Santos rejected a £12 million bid for him from [[Premier League]] team [[West Ham United F.C.|West Ham United]],<ref>{{Cite web|date=1 July 2010|title=West Ham chasing Brazilian Neymar |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/football/teams/west-ham/7867750/West-Ham-chasing-Brazilian-Neymar.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201109015311/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/football/teams/west-ham/7867750/West-Ham-chasing-Brazilian-Neymar.html|archive-date=9 November 2020|access-date=14 January 2021 |website=Telegraph}}</ref> and later an offer from [[Chelsea F.C.|Chelsea]], reported to be in the region of £20 million.<ref name="chelseachase">[http://www.skysports.com/story/0,19528,11668_6313845,00.html Chelsea continue Neymar chase] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100817141919/http://www.skysports.com/story/0%2C19528%2C11668_6313845%2C00.html |date=17 August 2010 }} Sky Sports, 15 August 2010</ref> Despite the unwillingness of Santos to sell and Neymar himself stating: "I'm focused only on Santos",<ref name="Brazilians want Neymar">{{cite web |url=http://www.etaiwannews.com/etn/news_content.php?id=1228480&lang=eng_news&cate_img=145.jpg&cate_rss=news_Sports|title=Brazilians want young striker Neymar in World Cup|date=15 April 2010|work=Taiwan News|url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130825192428/http://www.etaiwannews.com/etn/news_content.php?id=1228480&lang=eng_news&cate_img=145.jpg&cate_rss=news_Sports|archive-date=25 August 2013}}</ref> his agent, Wagner Ribeiro, indicated that Neymar's career was elsewhere, stating: "He wants to become the best player in the world. The chances of him doing that while playing in Brazil are zero."<ref name="chelseachase" /> One year later Neymar said, in an interview with the ''[[Daily Telegraph]]'', that he had been happy with Chelsea's interest in him as it was a "dream" of his "to play in Europe", while also stating that at the time it had been the right decision to stay in Brazil.<ref>[http://www.caughtoffside.com/2011/05/19/brazilian-starlet-neymar-makes-it-clear-he-wants-chelsea-move/ Brazilian Starlet Neymar Makes It Clear He Wants Chelsea Move] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110830151005/http://www.caughtoffside.com/2011/05/19/brazilian-starlet-neymar-makes-it-clear-he-wants-chelsea-move/ |date=30 August 2011 }} caughtoffside</ref>

On 5 May 2010, Neymar scored a goal in the 3–1 [[2010 Copa do Brasil|Copa do Brasil]] quarterfinals victory over [[Atletico-MG]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=5 May 2010 |title=Santos vence Atlético-MG, garante vaga à semifinal e volta a festejar na Vila |url=https://www.uol.com.br/esporte/futebol/campeonatos/copa-do-brasil/ultimas-noticias/2010/05/05/santos-vence-atletico-mg-garante-vaga-a-semifinal-e-volta-a-festejar.jhtm |access-date=2025-02-12 |website=UOL Esporte}}</ref> He missed the first leg of the semifinals against [[Grêmio FBPA|Grêmio]] due to a suspension but returned for the second leg and Santos advanced 6-5 on aggregate. In the first leg of the finals against [[Esporte Clube Vitória|Vitória]], Neymar scored a goal and missed a penalty in a 2–0 win for ''Peixe''.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Barros |first=Adilson |date=2010-07-28 |title=Santos perde um caminhão de gols, mas bate Vitória e fica em vantagem |url=https://ge.globo.com/futebol/copa-do-brasil/noticia/2010/07/peixe-perde-um-caminhao-de-gols-mas-vence-vitoria-e-fica-na-vantagem.html |access-date=2025-02-12 |website=Globo Esporte}}</ref> Although Santos lost the return leg 2–1, the 3–2 aggregate score was enough for Santos to lift the Copa do Brasil for the first time in its history, and Neymar finished as the tournament's top scorer with 11 goals.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2010-08-04 |title=Meninos do Brasil: Santos perde do Vitória, mas levanta caneco inédito |url=https://ge.globo.com/futebol/copa-do-brasil/noticia/2010/08/meninos-do-brasil-santos-perde-do-vitoria-mas-levanta-caneco-inedito.html |access-date=2025-02-12 |website=Globo Esporte}}</ref>[[File:Eusébio and Neymar Interview.jpg|left|thumb|Neymar with former Portuguese footballer [[Eusébio]] in 2010]]On 30 November 2010, Santos sold a 5% share of future transfer fees that he would receive to an investment group, Terceira Estrela Investimentos S.A. (TEISA), for [[Brazilian real|R$]] 3,549,900 (€1.5 million).<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.santosfc.com.br/noticias/conteudo.asp?id=23416 |title=NOTA OFICIAL: Santos FC esclarece relação com a Terceira Estrela Investimentos S.A. |date=2 December 2010 |access-date=21 January 2011 |work=Santos FC |language=pt |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120703024825/http://www.santosfc.com.br/noticias/conteudo.asp?id=23416 |archive-date=3 July 2012 }}</ref> The previous year, his family had sold a 40% stake in Neymar's sporting rights to the [[DIS Esporte|DIS Esporte group]], who had been a long-term strategic partner of the club.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://globoesporte.globo.com/Esportes/Noticias/Times/Santos/0,,MUL1007192-9874,00.html|title=Parceiro do Peixe negocia compra de Neymar e garoto deve renovar vínculo|date=18 February 2009|access-date=5 June 2011 |work=GloboEsporte|language=pt|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111112065350/http://globoesporte.globo.com/Esportes/Noticias/Times/Santos/0%2C%2CMUL1007192-9874%2C00.html|archive-date=12 November 2011}}</ref>

In the [[2010 Campeonato Brasileiro Série A|league]], Neymar shined, scoring 17 goals, including a hat trick against [[Goiás Esporte Clube|Goiás]] (4–1) and a brace against Atletico-MG (2–2). He finished second in the top scoring charts, behind Gremio's [[Jonas (footballer, born 1984)|Jonas]]. Neymar concluded the season with 42 goals in 60 matches in all competitions. Despite these impressive numbers, problems had been identified, namely Neymar's apparent taste for diving when tackled, rather than attempting to continue his run, and his attitude. The latter came to the forefront during a league match against [[Atlético Clube Goianiense|Atlético Goianiense]], on 15 September 2010, when Santos' manager, [[Dorival Júnior]], appointed another player to take the penalty awarded for a foul on Neymar.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Lang |first1=Jack |title=Year Zero: The making of Neymar (Santos, 2010) |url=https://www.fourfourtwo.com/features/year-zero-making-neymar-santos-2010 |website=[[FourFourTwo]] |publisher=[[Future plc]] |date=18 August 2017}}</ref> His decision was based on the fact that Neymar had missed a crucial penalty during the Copa do Brasil final that year, even if Santos went on to win. Reacting to this, Neymar turned his back on his manager, had to be calmed down by a linesman and argued with his captain, [[Edu Dracena]]. The fallout from this event was that Dorival Júnior wished to have Neymar suspended for two weeks, but the board sided with the player and promptly sacked the manager, with Neymar later apologising.<ref name="Back Page" /> In December 2010, aged just 18, Neymar came third for the [[2010 South American Footballer of the Year]], behind [[Andrés D'Alessandro]] and [[Juan Sebastián Verón]].<ref>[https://uk.eurosport.yahoo.com/30122010/2/d-alessandro-named-latin-america-player-year.html "D'Alessandro named Latin America player of the year"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140523012746/https://uk.eurosport.yahoo.com/30122010/2/d-alessandro-named-latin-america-player-year.html |date=23 May 2014 }}. Reuters. Retrieved 22 May 2014</ref>

==== 2011: Copa Libertadores title, FIFA Club World Cup runner-up and Puskás Award ====
[[File:Neymar vs Peñarol (cropped) 2.jpg|thumb|220x220px|Neymar (left) training prior to the first leg of the [[2011 Copa Libertadores finals]] at the [[Estadio Centenario|Centenario Stadium]]|left]]
Despite scoring only four goals in the [[2011 Campeonato Paulista]], Neymar scored crucial goals during the [[2011 Santos FC season|2011 season]]; he scored the only goal of the quarterfinals matchup against [[AA Ponte Preta|Ponte Preta]],<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |last2= |date=2011-04-23 |title=Técnica dos Meninos da Vila supera a força da Macaca. Peixe na semifinal |url=https://ge.globo.com/sp/futebol/campeonato-paulista/noticia/2011/04/tecnica-dos-meninos-da-vila-supera-forca-da-macaca-peixe-na-semifinal.html |access-date=2025-02-12 |website=globoesporte.com}}</ref> and then scored the winning goal in the second leg of the finals against Corinthians to help his club clinch back-to-back state titles.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Barros |first=Adilson |date=2011-05-15 |title=Com direito a drama no fim, Peixe conquista o bi em cima do Timão |url=https://ge.globo.com/sp/futebol/campeonato-paulista/noticia/2011/05/com-direito-drama-no-fim-peixe-conquista-o-bi-em-cima-do-timao.html |access-date=2025-02-12 |website=globoesporte.com}}</ref> Neymar scored six goals during Santos' run to the [[2011 Copa Libertadores Finals]], tying him for third top goalscorer,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://msn.foxsports.com/fse/libertadores/stats |title=Estadísticas Copa Santander Libertadores – Información de equipos al instante – Fox Deportes |work=Fox Sports |access-date=12 March 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110309165341/http://msn.foxsports.com/fse/libertadores/stats |archive-date=9 March 2011 }}</ref> including the clinching goal of Santos' 4–3 aggregate win over [[Cerro Porteño]] in the semi-finals.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://df1.conmebol.com/libertadores/fichas/ficha102833.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110909145558/http://df1.conmebol.com/libertadores/fichas/ficha102833.html|url-status=dead|title=Ficha del partido|archive-date=9 September 2011}}</ref> In the two-legged final, Santos faced Uruguayan side [[C.A. Peñarol|Peñarol]] and drew the first leg 0–0 in [[Montevideo]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://df1.conmebol.com/libertadores/fichas/ficha102835.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110910043725/http://df1.conmebol.com/libertadores/fichas/ficha102835.html|url-status=dead|title=Ficha del partido|archive-date=10 September 2011}}</ref> At home in the second leg, Neymar opened the scoring in the 46th minute as Santos held on for a 2–1 win and Neymar won Man of the Match honours.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://df1.conmebol.com/libertadores/fichas/ficha102836.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110909073827/http://df1.conmebol.com/libertadores/fichas/ficha102836.html|url-status=dead|title=Ficha del partido|archive-date=9 September 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.goal.com/en-gb/match/60013/santos-futebol-clube-vs-pe%C3%B1arol/report |title=Santos take home Copa Libertadores crown |work=Goal.com |access-date=12 March 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121015121802/http://www.goal.com/en-gb/match/60013/santos-futebol-clube-vs-pe%C3%B1arol/report |archive-date=15 October 2012 }}</ref> The win brought Santos their first [[Copa Libertadores]] triumph since 1963, when Pelé was playing for the club.<ref>{{cite news |last=Sturtridge |first=Tim |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/football/international/neymar-delivers-copa-libertadores-triumph-to-santos-2301529.html |title=Neymar delivers Copa Libertadores triumph to Santos – World Cup 2014 – Football |work=The Independent |date=23 June 2011 |access-date=19 March 2014 |location=London |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131220044921/http://www.independent.co.uk/sport/football/international/neymar-delivers-copa-libertadores-triumph-to-santos-2301529.html |archive-date=20 December 2013 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.espn.com/sports/soccer/news/_/id/6695349/neymar-helps-brazil-santos-wins-copa-libertadores |title=Neymar helps Brazil's Santos wins Copa Libertadores |work=ESPN |date=23 June 2011 |access-date=12 March 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130225091618/http://espn.go.com/sports/soccer/news/_/id/6695349/neymar-helps-brazil-santos-wins-copa-libertadores |archive-date=25 February 2013 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=19 June 2023 |title=Neymar Jr, Santos years: The making of a future great |url=https://www.fifa.com/fifaplus/en/articles/neymar-jr-santos-years-the-making-of-a-future-great |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240203023048/https://www.fifa.com/fifaplus/en/articles/neymar-jr-santos-years-the-making-of-a-future-great |archive-date=3 February 2024 |access-date=3 February 2024}}</ref>

On 27 July 2011, Neymar scored his first goals of that year's Campeonato Brasileiro, scoring two goals in a thrilling match against Ronaldinho's [[CR Flamengo|Flamengo]], but could not prevent defeat for his team as they lost 5–4.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2011-07-27 |title=Uma ode ao futebol: Flamengo vence Santos num jogo espetacular na Vila |url=https://ge.globo.com/futebol/brasileirao-serie-a/noticia/2011/07/uma-ode-ao-futebol-flamengo-vence-santos-num-jogo-espetacular-na-vila.html |access-date=2025-02-12 |website=globoesporte.com}}</ref> His first goal, a spectacular solo dribble, later won the 2011 [[FIFA Puskás Award]]. In September 2011, Santos club president Luís Ribeiro threatened to report [[Real Madrid CF|Real Madrid]] to [[FIFA]] following reports that they had attempted to sign Neymar to a pre-contract agreement, and denied that such an agreement was in place.<ref>{{cite news|title=Santos president warns Real Madrid over Neymar deal |url=http://www.mirrorfootball.co.uk/transfer-news/Santos-president-Luis-Ribeiro-warns-Real-Madrid-over-Neymar-deal-article799457.html |work=Mirror Football |date=15 September 2011 |access-date=8 December 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110918010134/http://www.mirrorfootball.co.uk/transfer-news/Santos-president-Luis-Ribeiro-warns-Real-Madrid-over-Neymar-deal-article799457.html |archive-date=18 September 2011 }}</ref> On 29 October, Neymar scored four goals and had two disallowed in a 4–1 victory over [[Athletico Paranaense|Atletico Paranaense]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=31 October 2011 |title=Neymar nets four goals to lead Santos |url=https://www.foxnews.com/sports/neymar-nets-four-goals-to-lead-santos |access-date=2025-02-12 |website=Fox News }}</ref> On 9 November, Neymar and Santos agreed to a contract extension that would see the player stay with the club until after the [[2014 FIFA World Cup|2014 World Cup]]. The deal reportedly increased Neymar's wages by 50%, to the levels that top European clubs would be paying him.<ref>{{cite web |date=9 November 2011 |title=Neymar signs new contract with Santos |url=http://soccernet.espn.go.com/news/story/_/id/981959/neymar-signs-new-contract-with-santos?cc=5901 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120112093828/http://soccernet.espn.go.com/news/story/_/id/981959/neymar-signs-new-contract-with-santos?cc=5901 |archive-date=12 January 2012 |access-date=12 March 2013 |publisher=ESPN FC}}</ref>
[[File:Neymar Junior the Future of Brazil 2.jpg|thumb|Neymar on the ball against [[FC Barcelona|Barcelona]] during the [[2011 FIFA Club World Cup final]]]]
On 14 December, Neymar scored the opening goal for Santos as they defeated [[Kashiwa Reysol]] 3–1 in the semi-finals of the [[2011 FIFA Club World Cup|FIFA Club World Cup]] in [[Toyota, Aichi|Toyota]], Japan. Scoring from 20 meters, his goal was a curled shot into the top corner after evading the defender by deftly switching the ball from his right foot to his left.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Santos dance to final |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/sports/2011/12/14/santos-dance-into-club-world-cup-final |access-date=2025-07-09 |website=Al Jazeera}}</ref> It was widely praised, being described as "sublime".<ref>{{Cite news |date=2011-12-14 |title=Neymar propels Santos into club world final |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/sports/neymar-propels-santos-into-club-world-final-idUSDEE7BD0F5/ |access-date=2025-07-09 |work=Reuters}}</ref> The final against [[FC Barcelona|Barcelona]] was dubbed as a showdown between Neymar and Messi.<ref name=":63">{{Cite news |date=2011-12-18 |title=Barcelona win Fifa Club World Cup |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/16234168 |access-date=2025-07-09 |work=BBC Sport}}</ref> Santos coach, [[Muricy Ramalho]], was asked about how his player compares to Messi: "The two are similar, but Neymar is a bit more special. His style alternates the direction of the ball as he carries it [...] Neymar is unpredictable. You don't find anyone in the world who does what he can with the ball."<ref>{{Cite news |last=Lawrence |first=Amy |date=2011-12-15 |title=Neymar has chance to justify hype against Lionel Messi's Barcelona |url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/blog/2011/dec/15/neymar-santos-lionel-messi-pele |access-date=2025-07-09 |work=The Guardian |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> Neymar made a very small impact in the final against Barcelona on 18 December, where Santos were defeated 4–0.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://soccernet.espn.go.com/report?id=334214&cc=5901 |title=Report: Kashiwa Reysol v Santos FC – FIFA Club World Cup – ESPN Soccernet |publisher=ESPN FC |date=14 December 2011 |access-date=12 March 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150611133541/http://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/news/newsid%3D2255077.html |archive-date=11 June 2015 }}</ref> After the defeat, Neymar said, "Barcelona deserved to win. They are the best team in the world and we learned an important lesson".<ref name=":63" /> Neymar was awarded the tournament's [[FIFA Club World Cup awards#Golden Ball|Bronze Ball]] as the third-best player, behind Xavi and Messi.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-03-07 |title=Neymar: 10 moments in 10 years |url=https://e00-marca.uecdn.es/en/football/international-football/2019/03/07/5c81920b468aeb49588b4573.html |access-date=2025-07-09 |website=MARCA in English}}</ref>

On 31 December, Neymar won the [[2011 South American Footballer of the Year]] award for the first time, by a record margin, following in the footsteps of [[Diego Maradona]], [[Romário]], Pelé and [[Zico (footballer)|Zico]].<ref>[http://www.espnfc.com/blog/_/name/fiveaside/id/1099?cc=5739 "Neymar is Barca's latest Brazilian star"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140523011407/http://www.espnfc.com/blog/_/name/fiveaside/id/1099?cc=5739 |date=23 May 2014 }}. ESPN. Retrieved 22 May 2014</ref>

====2012: South America's best player for second consecutive year====
Early in 2012, at 19 years old, Neymar finished 10th in the [[2011 FIFA Ballon d'Or]] rankings.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-10-28 |title=Has Neymar ever won the Ballon d'Or? Brazil forward's all-time career results, finishes in award race {{!}} Sporting News United Kingdom |url=https://www.sportingnews.com/uk/football/news/has-neymar-won-ballon-dor-all-time-career-results-finishes-award/6f7ed3d561ed7f818fb467a6 |access-date=2025-06-13 |website=www.sportingnews.com }}</ref> On 5 February 2012, when he turned 20, he scored his 100th goal as a professional football player, against Palmeiras in the [[2012 Campeonato Paulista|Campeonato Paulista]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Neymar scores 100 career goals, gets abused with cake ingredients|url=https://sports.yahoo.com/blogs/soccer-dirty-tackle/neymar-scores-100-career-goals-gets-abused-cake-192326497.html|access-date=3 March 2012|newspaper=Yahoo! Sports|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120213120203/http://sports.yahoo.com/blogs/soccer-dirty-tackle/neymar-scores-100-career-goals-gets-abused-cake-192326497.html|archive-date=13 February 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Neymar scores 100th career goal in Brazil|url=http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/soccer/news/20120205/neymar-brazil/|access-date=3 March 2012|newspaper=Sports Illustrated|date=5 February 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120420234538/http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/soccer/news/20120205/neymar-brazil/|archive-date=20 April 2012}}</ref> On 25 February, he scored two goals, one of which was from 25-yards, and created two assists to help his side to a 6–1 win over [[Associação Atlética Ponte Preta|Ponte Preta]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Santos FC 6 – 1 AA Ponte Preta|url=http://soccernet.espn.go.com/match?id=336661&cc=3888|access-date=25 February 2012|work=ESPN|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150611133541/http://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/news/newsid%3D2255077.html|archive-date=11 June 2015}}</ref> On 7 March, Neymar netted a [[Hat-trick (association football)|hat-trick]] as Santos saw off Brazilian rivals [[Sport Club Internacional|Internacional]] with a 3–1 win in the [[2012 Copa Libertadores|Copa Libertadores]] group stage.<ref>{{cite news|title=Neymar treble lifts Santos to victory|url=https://www.fifa.com/worldfootball/clubfootball/news/newsid=1596364.html|access-date=8 March 2012|publisher=FIFA|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120514051426/http://www.fifa.com/worldfootball/clubfootball/news/newsid%3D1596364.html|archive-date=14 May 2012}}</ref> On 29 March, he scored a brace against [[Guaratinguetá Futebol|Guaratinguetá]] in a 5–0 victory.<ref>{{cite news|title=Santos FC 5 – 0 Guaratinguetá|url=http://soccernet.espn.go.com/match?id=336720&cc=3888|access-date=29 March 2012|work=ESPN|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150611133541/http://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/news/newsid%3D2255077.html|archive-date=11 June 2015}}</ref> In the fixture against [[São Paulo FC|São Paulo]] on 29 April 2012, Neymar scored a hat-trick with the match ending 3–1.<ref>{{cite news|title=São Paulo 1 – 3 Santos FC|url=http://soccernet.espn.go.com/match?id=341105&cc=3888|access-date=29 April 2012|work=ESPN|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150611133541/http://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/news/newsid%3D2255077.html|archive-date=11 June 2015}}</ref>

Thereafter, he went on to score twice in the [[2012 Campeonato Paulista knockout phase#First leg|first]]<ref>{{cite news|title=Guarani 0 – 3 Santos FC |url=http://espnfc.com/en/gamecast/336762/gamecast.html?soccernet=true&cc=null |access-date=5 May 2012 |work=ESPN |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131231215557/http://espnfc.com/en/gamecast/336762/gamecast.html?soccernet=true&cc=null |archive-date=31 December 2013 }}</ref> and [[2012 Campeonato Paulista knockout phase#Second leg|second legs]]<ref>{{cite news|title=Santos FC 4 – 2 Guarani |url=http://espnfc.com/en/gamecast/336763/gamecast.html?soccernet=true&cc=null |access-date=13 May 2012 |work=ESPN |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131231215602/http://espnfc.com/en/gamecast/336763/gamecast.html?soccernet=true&cc=null |archive-date=31 December 2013 }}</ref> in the [[2012 Campeonato Paulista knockout phase#Finals|2012 Campeonato Paulista Finals]] against [[Guarani FC|Guarani]], which ended 7–2 on aggregate. Neymar finished the [[2012 Campeonato Paulista]] with 20 goals and was voted the Best Player and Best Forward, and Santos were crowned champions. He was joint top scorer in the [[2012 Copa Libertadores|Copa Libertadores]] with eight goals, after Santos were beaten over two legs by eventual champions Corinthians in the semi-finals 2-1 on aggregate, with Neymar scoring once in the second leg. [[File:Neymar ney (cropped) version 2.jpg|thumb|288x288px|Neymar (pictured in 2012) was awarded the [[2012 South American Footballer of the Year|South American Footballer of the Year]] for the second consecutive time.]]In 2012, Pelé claimed that Neymar is the best player in the world; former legendary Argentine player [[Diego Maradona]] responded to this: "Maybe Neymar is the best player in the world, but only if you say that Messi is from a different planet."<ref>{{Cite news |last=Quraishi |first=George |date=2012-06-09 |title=Lionel Messi hat-trick leads Argentina to 4-3 win over Brazil |url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2012/jun/10/argentina-brazil-lionel-messi-new-york-metlife |access-date=2025-06-03 |work=The Guardian |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> Neymar commented, "Messi is above everyone, there is no use comparing me with him. He is the best player in the world and I always get inspired when I watch good football."<ref>{{cite news |date=10 March 2012 |title=Neymar cools Messi comparisons |url=http://www1.skysports.com/football/news/11827/7585054/Neymar-cools-Messi-comparisons |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120314165711/http://www1.skysports.com/football/news/11827/7585054/Neymar-cools-Messi-comparisons |archive-date=14 March 2012 |publisher=Sky Sports}}</ref> Ronaldo stated: "Neymar is a great talent, the best we have in Brazil. He is very similar to Messi." [[Zico (footballer)|Zico]] said, "I see Neymar like a [Cristiano] Ronaldo or a Messi, the type who appears and makes things happen."<ref>{{cite news |last=Green |first=Sam |date=19 May 2011 |title=Next Big Thing |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/football/teams/chelsea/8521834/Neymar-Brazils-Next-Big-Thing-could-still-be-the-answer-to-Chelseas-prayers.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120124192531/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/football/teams/chelsea/8521834/Neymar-Brazils-Next-Big-Thing-could-still-be-the-answer-to-Chelseas-prayers.html |archive-date=24 January 2012 |work=The Daily Telegraph |location=London}}</ref> After his hat-trick in the 3–1 victory against Internacional in the Copa Libertadores and Messi's five goals scored in the Champions League, Neymar said: "I am a Messi fan. I was told what he did today. I support him to score a lot of nice goals so I can keep copying and imitating him."<ref>{{cite news |date=8 March 2012 |title=Hat-trick hero Neymar inspired by Messi |url=http://soccernet.espn.go.com/news/story/_/id/1032521/copa-libertadores:-hat-trick-hero-neymar-inspired-by-lionel-messi?cc=3888 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120310214609/http://soccernet.espn.go.com/news/story/_/id/1032521/copa-libertadores%3A-hat-trick-hero-neymar-inspired-by-lionel-messi?cc=3888 |archive-date=10 March 2012 |publisher=FIFA}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Polden |first=Jake |date=10 October 2019 |title=Neymar compares himself to Lionel Messi because he's "important" |url=https://www.mirror.co.uk/sport/football/news/neymar-compares-himself-lionel-messi-20551868 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191010122326/https://www.mirror.co.uk/sport/football/news/neymar-compares-himself-lionel-messi-20551868 |archive-date=10 October 2019 |access-date=10 October 2019 |website=Mirror}}</ref>

On 25 August 2012, he scored a brace in the 2–1 away win at Palmeiras.<ref>{{cite news|title=Palmeiras 1 – 2 Santos FC |url=http://espnfc.com/en/gamecast/341402/gamecast.html?soccernet=true&cc=null |access-date=25 August 2012 |work=ESPN |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131231215642/http://espnfc.com/en/gamecast/341402/gamecast.html?soccernet=true&cc=null |archive-date=31 December 2013 }}</ref> On 3 November, in the [[2012 Campeonato Brasileiro Série A|league]] fixture away at [[Cruzeiro Esporte Clube|Cruzeiro]], Neymar scored a hat-trick and assisted [[Felipe Anderson]]'s goal, to help his side to a 4–0 win.<ref>{{cite news|title=Cruzeiro 0 – 4 Santos FC |url=http://espnfc.com/en/gamecast/341555/gamecast.html?soccernet=true&cc=null |access-date=3 November 2012 |work=ESPN |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131231215647/http://espnfc.com/en/gamecast/341555/gamecast.html?soccernet=true&cc=null |archive-date=31 December 2013 }}</ref> Neymar finished off the 2012 season in style, first setting-up [[Victor Andrade]]'s equaliser, then scoring twice, to give Santos a 3–1 home win over Palmeiras on 1 December.<ref>{{cite news|title=Santos FC 3 – 1 Palmeiras |url=http://espnfc.com/en/gamecast/341592/gamecast.html?soccernet=true&cc=null |access-date=1 December 2012 |work=ESPN |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121230174730/http://espnfc.com/en/gamecast/341592/gamecast.html?soccernet=true&cc=null |archive-date=30 December 2012 }}</ref> Neymar was voted the Best Player of the [[2012 Recopa Sudamericana]], scoring in the second leg to assist Santos in winning the title, 2–0 on aggregate against [[Club Universidad de Chile|U. de Chile]]. Neymar finished the 2012 season with 43 goals, one more than his breakthrough 2010 season, but this time doing it in just 47 matches instead of 60. Due to his performances, Neymar was awarded the [[Bola de Ouro]] for the second consecutive time. He was one of three finalists in the 2012 [[FIFA Puskás Award]] and finished runner-up behind [[Miroslav Stoch]]. He won the [[2012 South American Footballer of the Year]], retaining his award and winning it ahead of the likes of [[Ronaldinho]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ovaciondigital.com.uy/121231/futinter-685408/futbolinternacional/seleccion-ideal-de-america/ |trans-title=The best eleven of America |title=Selección Ideal de América |publisher=[[El País (Uruguay)|El País]] |date=31 December 2012 |access-date=7 April 2013 |archive-date=6 March 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130306023719/http://www.ovaciondigital.com.uy/121231/futinter-685408/futbolinternacional/seleccion-ideal-de-america/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>

====2013: Final season====
Neymar started the [[2013 Campeonato Paulista]] scoring twice in the first match, which ended a 3–1 win over [[São Bernardo Futebol Clube|São Bernardo]] on 19 January 2013.<ref>{{cite news|title=Sao Bernardo 1–3 Santos FC|url=http://soccernet.espn.go.com/match?id=360577&cc=3888|access-date=19 January 2013|work=ESPN|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150611133541/http://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/news/newsid%3D2255077.html|archive-date=11 June 2015}}</ref> On 3 February, in the Paulista fixture against São Paulo, Santos won 3–1 with Neymar scoring and making two assists.<ref>{{cite news|title=Santos FC 3–1 São Paulo|url=http://soccernet.espn.go.com/match?id=360619&cc=3888|access-date=3 February 2013|work=ESPN|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150611133541/http://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/news/newsid%3D2255077.html|archive-date=11 June 2015}}</ref> The media have often drawn comparisons between Neymar and Pelé,<ref name="generazioneditalenti.it">{{cite web |author1=Massimo Tanzillo |date=15 January 2011 |title=NEYMAR: 1992 – BRASILE |url=http://www.generazioneditalenti.it/neymar-1992-brasile/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924021451/http://www.generazioneditalenti.it/neymar-1992-brasile/ |archive-date=24 September 2015 |access-date=15 June 2015 |publisher=Generazione Talenti |language=it}}</ref> with Neymar possessing similar attributes to those of Pelé, and them both coming from the Santos Youth Academy. In February 2013, he was on the cover of ''Time'' magazine with the title 'The Next Pelé'.<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Ghosh |first=Bobby |date=25 February 2013 |title=A Q&A With Neymar, Brazil's Stay-At-Home Soccer Superstar |url=https://keepingscore.blogs.time.com/2013/02/25/a-qa-with-neymar-brazils-stay-at-home-soccer-superstar/ |access-date=30 October 2023 |magazine=Time |issn=0040-781X}}</ref> Neymar has said that Pelé is his "role model" but also said: "I don't like to make a comparison with Pelé".<ref>{{cite news |date=13 November 2012 |title=Pelé – Neymar's role model |url=http://es.zinio.com/reader.jsp?issue=416228806&o=int&prev=sub&p=50 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150611133541/http://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/news/newsid%3D2255077.html |archive-date=11 June 2015 |access-date=13 November 2012 |work=FourFourTwo}}</ref> On 18 March, Neymar said that he had a "dream of playing in Europe, for a big club like Barcelona, Real Madrid and Chelsea." He went on to say, "There's no point in speculating when I'll leave Santos. I'll leave when I want to."<ref>{{cite news|title=Neymar open to Chelsea move|url=http://www.espn.co.uk/football/sport/story/198275.html|access-date=18 March 2013|work=ESPN|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141202203744/http://www.espn.co.uk/football/sport/story/198275.html|archive-date=2 December 2014}}</ref>

Neymar scored all four goals, had another disallowed and hit the post as Santos beat [[União Agrícola Barbarense Futebol Clube|União Barbarense]] 4–0 in the [[Paulista]] on 13 April.<ref>{{cite news |title=Barca zero-in on Neymar who nets four |url=http://zeenews.india.com/sports/football/barca-zero-in-on-neymar-who-nets-four_759717.html |publisher=Zeenews |date=14 April 2013 |access-date=18 May 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140522142959/http://zeenews.india.com/sports/football/barca-zero-in-on-neymar-who-nets-four_759717.html |archive-date=22 May 2014 }}</ref> On 25 April, his agent and father revealed that Neymar intended to leave for Europe before the [[2014 FIFA World Cup]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://espnfc.com/news/story/_/id/1424891/neymar-europe-world-cup?cc=3436 |title=Neymar 'off to Europe after World Cup' |work=ESPN FC |date=25 April 2013 |access-date=30 June 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131231215646/http://espnfc.com/news/story/_/id/1424891/neymar-europe-world-cup?cc=3436 |archive-date=31 December 2013 }}</ref> Neymar finished the state league campaign with 12 goals, and was runner-up in the top scorers charts, as Santos finished state league runner-up to Corinthians. Ahead of his last match for Santos, on 26 May against Flamengo in the first round of the [[2013 Campeonato Brasileiro Série A|2013 Brazilian Championship]], Neymar was in tears during the national anthem, with the match ending in a draw.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/snap-kaka-pop-blog/2013/may/31/brazil-goodbye-neymar |title=Brazil says goodbye to Neymar, the 21-year-old who outgrew his home |first=Jack |last=Lang |work=Guardian Sport Network |date=31 May 2014 |access-date=18 May 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140522142021/http://www.theguardian.com/football/snap-kaka-pop-blog/2013/may/31/brazil-goodbye-neymar |archive-date=22 May 2014 }}</ref>

Prior to his move to Barcelona, Neymar received much enthusiastic praise. Brazilian playmaker Ronaldinho tipped him on becoming the best player in the world, stating: "Neymar is young though, and I can't explain how special he will become. In the next two or three seasons he will become the best player."<ref>{{cite web |date=5 February 2013 |title=Ronaldinho: Neymar will emulate Messi |url=http://www.goal.com/en/news/584/brazil/2013/02/05/3729583/ronaldinho-tips-neymar-to-become-worlds-best |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130210030959/http://www.goal.com/en/news/584/brazil/2013/02/05/3729583/ronaldinho-tips-neymar-to-become-worlds-best |archive-date=10 February 2013 |access-date=30 June 2013 |work=Goal.com}}</ref> Another Brazilian legend [[Ronaldo (Brazilian footballer)|Ronaldo]] also believed that Neymar could become the best in the world, commenting: "Logically, Messi is better right now but Neymar is a great talent who will show the world that he will be number one".<ref>{{cite web |title=Ronaldo: Neymar can be better than Messi |url=http://www.givemesport.com/194801-ronaldo-neymar-can-be-better-than-messi |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140328103604/http://www.givemesport.com/194801-ronaldo-neymar-can-be-better-than-messi |archive-date=28 March 2014 |access-date=30 June 2013 |work=GiveMeSport}}</ref> Former Real Madrid sporting director [[Jorge Valdano]] also praised Neymar when he was at Santos, stating: "I like Neymar a lot. Many of his individual actions result in a goal and often it's a move that only seems to be happening with him on the pitch."<ref>{{cite web |date=26 May 2013 |title=Signing Neymar would be a huge coup for Real Madrid – Valdano |url=http://www.goal.com/en-gb/news/2892/transfer-zone/2013/05/24/4001245/signing-neymar-would-be-a-huge-coup-for-real-madrid-valdano |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130610082649/http://www.goal.com/en-gb/news/2892/transfer-zone/2013/05/24/4001245/signing-neymar-would-be-a-huge-coup-for-real-madrid-valdano |archive-date=10 June 2013 |work=Goal.com}}</ref>

===Barcelona===
{{main|Neymargate}}

On 24 May 2013, Santos announced that they had received two offers for Neymar. The following day, Neymar announced he would sign with Barcelona on 27 May and join the team after playing in the [[2013 FIFA Confederations Cup]]. Neither Neymar nor the clubs released details on the transfer fee or personal terms, save to say he signed a five-year deal.<ref>{{Cite web|date=25 May 2013|title=Brazilian forward Neymar says he is joining Barcelona, will sign the contract on Monday|url=https://www.foxnews.com/sports/brazilian-forward-neymar-says-he-is-joining-barcelona-will-sign-the-contract-on-monday|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210114084903/https://www.foxnews.com/sports/brazilian-forward-neymar-says-he-is-joining-barcelona-will-sign-the-contract-on-monday|archive-date=14 January 2021|access-date=14 January 2021|website=Fox News}}</ref> On 3 June, Neymar was unveiled by Barcelona after passing medical tests and signing a contract that would keep him at the club through June 2018.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.mirror.co.uk/sport/football/transfer-news/barcelona-transfer-news-neymar-unveiled-1929711|title=Brazilian Neymar unveiled by Barcelona as striker completes transfer in five-year deal|date=3 June 2013|work=Mirror|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130808234049/http://www.mirror.co.uk/sport/football/transfer-news/barcelona-transfer-news-neymar-unveiled-1929711|archive-date=8 August 2013}}</ref>

Neymar was presented at the [[Camp Nou]] in front of 56,500 fans, a record turnout for a Brazilian player.<ref>{{cite web |author=FootballEspana – Tue, 4 June 2013 09:10 BST |url=http://uk.eurosport.yahoo.com/news/liga-neymar-presentation-draws-56-500-fans-081003011.html |title=Liga – Neymar presentation draws 56,500 fans – Yahoo Eurosport UK |publisher=Yahoo! |date=4 June 2013 |access-date=19 March 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131023205811/http://uk.eurosport.yahoo.com/news/liga-neymar-presentation-draws-56-500-fans-081003011.html |archive-date=23 October 2013 }}</ref> Club vice-president [[Josep Maria Bartomeu]] initially said Neymar's transfer fee was €57.1 million and his release clause set at €190 million.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.fcbarcelona.com/club/detail/article/detailed-figures-of-neymar-transfer |title=Detailed figures of Neymar transfer |publisher=FC Barcelona |date=24 January 2014 |access-date=25 May 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150524082202/http://www.fcbarcelona.com/club/detail/article/detailed-figures-of-neymar-transfer |archive-date=24 May 2015 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/news/020a-0e85073904d5-c99b88750864-1000--neymar-excited-by-messi-alliance/|date=3 June 2013|publisher=UEFA|title=Neymar excited by Messi alliance|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141221113651/http://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/news/newsid%3D1959194.html|archive-date=21 December 2014}}</ref> Barcelona's doctor suggested he might need to gain weight to be able to cope physically in Spanish football.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/football/european/barcelona-doctor-reveals-concerns-over-neymars-weight-8665661.html |title=Barcelona doctor reveals concerns over Neymar's weight |agency=Reuters |newspaper=The Independent |date=19 June 2013 |access-date=18 May 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140522142457/http://www.independent.co.uk/sport/football/european/barcelona-doctor-reveals-concerns-over-neymars-weight-8665661.html |archive-date=22 May 2014 }}</ref>

====Transfer investigation====
In January 2014, the prosecutor's office in [[Madrid]] began investigating the transfer fee that Barcelona paid for Neymar.<ref name="Staatsanwaltschaft untersucht Transfer von Neymar">{{cite news|title=Staatsanwaltschaft untersucht Transfer von Neymar|url=https://www.welt.de/sport/fussball/internationale-ligen/article123762443/Staatsanwaltschaft-untersucht-Transfer-von-Neymar.html|access-date=10 January 2014|newspaper=Die Welt|date=10 January 2014|language=de|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140110195356/http://www.welt.de/sport/fussball/internationale-ligen/article123762443/Staatsanwaltschaft-untersucht-Transfer-von-Neymar.html|archive-date=10 January 2014}}</ref> The documents submitted to the authorities on request contained contradictory information.<ref name="Staatsanwaltschaft untersucht Transfer von Neymar"/> On 23 January 2014, [[Sandro Rosell]] resigned from his position as president.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2014/jan/23/sandro-rosell-resigns-barcelona-president-neymar |title=Sandro Rosell resigns as president of Barcelona with immediate effect |date=23 January 2014 |access-date=27 September 2014 |work=The Guardian |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141211041628/http://www.theguardian.com/football/2014/jan/23/sandro-rosell-resigns-barcelona-president-neymar |archive-date=11 December 2014 }}</ref> A day later, the details of the transfer were revealed by Barcelona; the transfer had in fact cost them €86.2 million (£71.5 million),<ref name="BBC Real">{{cite web|title=Barcelona: Neymar deal has damaged brand of La Liga club|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/0/football/26512767|work=BBC Sport|access-date=21 January 2016|date=10 March 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160122231534/http://www.bbc.com/sport/0/football/26512767|archive-date=22 January 2016}}</ref><ref name="SkyReal">{{cite news |url=http://www1.skysports.com/football/news/11833/9132103/primera-division-barcelona-reveal-details-of-deal-to-sign-brazil-star-neymar |title=Barcelona reveal details of deal to sign Brazil star Neymar |date=24 January 2014 |access-date=27 September 2014 |publisher=Sky Sports |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141211041519/http://www1.skysports.com/football/news/11833/9132103/primera-division-barcelona-reveal-details-of-deal-to-sign-brazil-star-neymar |archive-date=11 December 2014 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.espnfc.com/spanish-primera-divisi%C3%B3n/story/1691847/barcelona-details-neymars-862m-euro-deal |title=Barcelona offers Neymar deal details |date=24 January 2014 |access-date=27 September 2014 |work=ESPN |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141024063025/http://www.espnfc.com/spanish-primera-divisi%C3%B3n/story/1691847/barcelona-details-neymars-862m-euro-deal |archive-date=24 October 2014 }}</ref> with Neymar's parents confirmed to have received a €40 million sum.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/25887952 |title=Barcelona paid Neymar's parents £34m for Brazil striker |date=24 January 2014 |access-date=27 September 2014 |work=BBC |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140127020255/http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/25887952 |archive-date=27 January 2014 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Jenson |first=Pete |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/football/news-and-comment/barcelonas-neymar-saga-you-want-to-sign-our-sonthat-will-be-40-million-euros-please-9085538.html |title=Barcelona's Neymar saga: You want to sign our son? That will be 40 million euros, please |date=26 January 2014 |access-date=27 September 2014 |work=The Independent |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140829074129/http://www.independent.co.uk/sport/football/news-and-comment/barcelonas-neymar-saga-you-want-to-sign-our-sonthat-will-be-40-million-euros-please-9085538.html |archive-date=29 August 2014 }}</ref> In the aftermath, Barcelona and Bartomeu were charged with [[tax fraud]].<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www1.skysports.com/football/news/11833/9175433/primera-division-barcelona-charged-with-tax-fraud-over-neymar-signing |title=Barcelona charged with tax fraud over Neymar signing |date=20 February 2014 |access-date=27 September 2014 |publisher=Sky Sports |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141211040749/http://www1.skysports.com/football/news/11833/9175433/primera-division-barcelona-charged-with-tax-fraud-over-neymar-signing |archive-date=11 December 2014 }}</ref>

====2013–14: Adapting to Spain====
[[File:Neymar v Almeria 020314 (cropped) 2.jpg|thumb|Neymar playing against [[UD Almería|Almería]] in March 2014]]
On 30 July 2013, Barcelona drew 2–2 against [[Lechia Gdańsk]] in a pre-season friendly; Neymar made his unofficial debut when he came on as a substitute.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://uk.eurosport.yahoo.com/news/football-substitute-neymar-denied-victory-barcelona-debut-212443344.html |title=Liga – Friendlies: Sub Neymar denied victory on Barcelona debut – Yahoo Eurosport UK |publisher=Yahoo! |date=30 July 2013 |access-date=19 March 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131023205807/http://uk.eurosport.yahoo.com/news/football-substitute-neymar-denied-victory-barcelona-debut-212443344.html |archive-date=23 October 2013 }}</ref> He scored his first goal for the club in a 7–1 win against a Thailand XI on 7 August at the [[Rajamangala National Stadium]].<ref>{{cite news |url=http://sports.ndtv.com/football/news/212015-neymar-bags-first-fc-barcelona-goal-in-7-1-thai-rout |title=Neymar bags first goal for FC Barcelona in 7–1 Thai rout |agency=Agence France-Presse |work=NDTV Sports |date=7 August 2013 |access-date=18 May 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140610183906/http://sports.ndtv.com/football/news/212015-neymar-bags-first-fc-barcelona-goal-in-7-1-thai-rout |archive-date=10 June 2014 }}</ref>

Neymar made his [[La Liga]] debut for Barcelona during the opening game of the [[2013–14 FC Barcelona season|2013–14]] [[2013–14 La Liga|La Liga]] season as a 63rd-minute substitute for [[Alexis Sánchez]] in a 7–0 win against [[Levante UD|Levante]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://huffingtonpost.com/2013/08/18/barcelona-levante-messi-goals_n_3776882.html|title=Barcelona Routs Levante 7–0: Messi Scores Two Goals, Neymar Debuts|date=18 August 2013|work=The Huffington Post|first=Chris|last=Greenberg|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130822065239/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/08/18/barcelona-levante-messi-goals_n_3776882.html|archive-date=22 August 2013}}</ref> On 21 August, Neymar played in the [[2013 Supercopa de España]] against [[2012–13 Copa del Rey|Copa del Rey]] holders [[Atlético Madrid]]; he made an immediate impact. In the first leg, Atlético took the lead before Neymar came off the bench in the second half and scored a far-post header to level the match—his first goal for the club. At the time, it seemed like just an equaliser, but with the second leg at the Camp Nou ending 0–0, it meant that Neymar’s away goal secured the trophy for Barcelona.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Atkinson |first=Tre' |title=Complete Analysis of Neymar's First 6 Months at FC Barcelona |url=https://bleacherreport.com/articles/1923692-fc-barcelona-complete-analysis-of-neymars-first-6-months-at-barcelona |access-date=2025-06-13 |website=bleacherreport.com }}</ref>

On 18 September, he made his [[UEFA Champions League]] debut, [[Assist (football)|assisting]] a [[Gerard Piqué]] goal as Barça beat [[AFC Ajax|Ajax]] 4–0 in their opening match of the [[2013–14 UEFA Champions League|2013–14 tournament]]. Six days later, Neymar scored his first goal in La Liga in Barcelona's 4–1 defeat of [[Real Sociedad]] at Camp Nou.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2013/09/24/sport/football/barceona-sociedad-liga-football/|title=Lionel Messi, Neymar lead Barcelona past Real Sociedad|date=24 September 2013|access-date=27 October 2013|work=CNN|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130928082837/http://edition.cnn.com/2013/09/24/sport/football/barceona-sociedad-liga-football/|archive-date=28 September 2013}}</ref> On 26 October, he made his first ''[[El Clásico]]'' appearance, scoring the opening goal and assisting the team's winning goal scored by Alexis Sánchez as Barcelona beat Real Madrid 2–1 at Camp Nou.<ref name="clasico">{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/24603052|title=Barcelona 2–1 Real Madrid|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131026195023/http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/24603052|archive-date=26 October 2013}}</ref> On 11 December, Neymar recorded his first [[List of UEFA Champions League hat-tricks|three Champions League goals]] as he scored a [[Hat-trick (association football)|hat-trick]] in a 6–1 win over [[Celtic F.C.|Celtic]] in Barcelona's final [[2013–14 UEFA Champions League group stage#Group H|Group H]] match.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/0/football/25303700|title=Barcelona 6–1 Celtic|date=21 December 2013|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131211212109/http://www.bbc.com/sport/0/football/25303700|archive-date=11 December 2013}}</ref>

15 games into the La Liga season, Neymar had produced a respectable four goals and eight assists, nailing down the left-wing position in the Barcelona team.<ref name=":41">{{Cite web |author1=Ryan Dabbs |date=2025-01-17 |title='I spent the first six months at Barca with butterflies in my stomach. I was like… f*ck, I'm doing everything all wrong - I cried at half-time thinking, "What am I doing?"': Neymar reveals difficult start to life in Spain, with Lionel Messi helping him |url=https://www.fourfourtwo.com/news/i-spent-the-first-six-months-at-barca-with-butterflies-in-my-stomach-i-was-like-f-ck-im-doing-everything-all-wrong-i-cried-at-half-time-thinking-what-am-i-doing-neymar-reveals-difficult-start-to-life-in-spain-with-lionel-messi-helping-him |access-date=2025-06-13 |website=FourFourTwo }}</ref> However, Neymar felt low, expressing in an interview over a decade later: "I spent the first 6 months at Barça with butterflies in my stomach [...] There was a day I was so upset. It was half-time, against [[Athletic Bilbao]], and I went into the dressing room pissed at myself. I was playing so bad".<ref name=":41" /> Neymar featured heavily in his debut season with Barcelona, ending the campaign with 15 goals in 41 appearances.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Jugadors |first=F. C. B. |title=Neymar Da Silva Santos Júnior stats {{!}} FC Barcelona Players |url=https://players.fcbarcelona.com/en/player/603-neymar-neymar-da-silva-santos-junior |access-date=2025-06-13 |website=FCB Jugadors }}</ref>

==== 2014–15: Elevation to one of the world's best, ''MSN'' dominance and the treble ====
[[File:Neymar (16245492137) (cropped).jpg|left|thumb|250x250px|Neymar playing against [[Villarreal CF|Villarreal]] in February 2015]]
On 13 September 2014, after appearing as a substitute, Neymar scored his first two goals of the [[2014–15 FC Barcelona season|2014–15 season]], helping Barcelona beat [[Athletic Bilbao]] 2–0. On 27 September, he scored a hat-trick against [[Granada CF|Granada]] in a 6–0 win<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/29311918 |title=Barcelona 6–0 Granada |date=27 September 2014 |access-date=27 September 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140928084412/http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/29311918 |archive-date=28 September 2014 }}</ref> and scored in his next three [[2014–15 La Liga|La Liga]] matches, including the opening goal in a 1–3 loss to Real Madrid at [[Estadio Santiago Bernabéu]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2014/oct/25/real-madrid-barcelona-la-liga-match-report|title=Real Madrid outclass Barcelona after Ronaldo's penalty turns tide|date=26 October 2014|work=The Guardian|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170305033229/https://www.theguardian.com/football/2014/oct/25/real-madrid-barcelona-la-liga-match-report|archive-date=5 March 2017}}</ref> On 24 January 2015, Neymar scored twice and assisted two more goals in a 6–0 win at [[Elche CF|Elche]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2015/jan/24/elche-barcelona-la-liga-match-report|title=Barcelona hit Elche for six with Lionel Messi and Neymar doubles|date=25 January 2015|work=The Guardian|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170305033212/https://www.theguardian.com/football/2015/jan/24/elche-barcelona-la-liga-match-report|archive-date=5 March 2017}}</ref> On 28 January, he scored his 20th goal of the season in a 3–2 [[2014–15 Copa del Rey|Copa del Rey]] quarter-final win over Atlético Madrid.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/football/european/11375834/Atletico-Madrid-2-Barcelona-3-match-report-Neymar-double-sees-of-nine-man-Atletico-in-Copa-del-Rey.html|title=Atletico Madrid 2 Barcelona 3, match report: Neymar double sees of nine-man Atletico in Copa del Rey|date=28 January 2015|access-date=15 February 2015|work=The Daily Telegraph|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150215084145/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/football/european/11375834/Atletico-Madrid-2-Barcelona-3-match-report-Neymar-double-sees-of-nine-man-Atletico-in-Copa-del-Rey.html|archive-date=15 February 2015}}</ref>

On 4 March, Neymar scored twice in Barcelona's 3–1 Copa del Rey semi-final win over [[Villarreal CF|Villarreal]] to qualify the club for its 37th Spanish Cup [[2015 Copa del Rey Final|final]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/0/football/31721178|title=Villarreal 1–3 Barcelona|date=4 March 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150305172027/http://www.bbc.com/sport/0/football/31721178|archive-date=5 March 2015}}</ref> On 21 April, Neymar took his tally to 30 goals for the season by scoring twice in Barcelona's 2–0 [[2014–15 UEFA Champions League|Champions League]] quarter-final win over [[Paris Saint-Germain F.C.|Paris Saint-Germain]] (PSG).<ref>{{Cite web|date=21 April 2015|title=Barcelona 2-0 Paris St-Germain (agg 5-1)|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/32380834|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201027012557/https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/32380834|archive-date=27 October 2020|access-date=14 January 2021|website=BBC}}</ref> In May, the closing month of the season, Neymar scored the last goal in a 3–0 win against [[FC Bayern Munich|Bayern Munich]] in the first leg of the Champions League semi-final.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/news/0221-0e909116af7b-fe3ef95b6374-1000--messi-double-puts-barca-in-control-against-bayern/|title=Messi double puts Barça in control against Bayern|date=6 May 2015|publisher=UEFA|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150509001803/http://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/season%3D2015/matches/round%3D2000551/match%3D2014428/postmatch/report/index.html|archive-date=9 May 2015}}</ref> A week later, he scored both the team's goals in a 3–2-second leg defeat at the [[Allianz Arena]] to ensure ''Barça'' would qualify for the [[2015 UEFA Champions League Final]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/0/football/32683310|title=Bayern Mun 3–2 Barcelona|date=12 May 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150512210015/http://www.bbc.com/sport/0/football/32683310|archive-date=12 May 2015}}</ref> He also opened the scoring with a header in a 2–0 league win versus Real Sociedad, a result which gave ''Barça'' a four-point lead over Real Madrid with only two matches remaining.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espnfc.com/club/barcelona/83/blog/post/2441883/neymar-and-pedro-secure-vital-barcelona-win|title=Neymar and Pedro secure vital Barcelona win FC|work=ESPN FC|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150512012143/http://www.espnfc.com/club/barcelona/83/blog/post/2441883/neymar-and-pedro-secure-vital-barcelona-win|archive-date=12 May 2015}}</ref>[[File:Barcelona FC (51100844503) (cropped) 2.jpg|thumb|262x262px|Neymar (centre) celebrating the [[2014–15 UEFA Champions League|2014–15 Champions League]] triumph against [[Juventus FC|Juventus]] in May 2015]]
After securing the [[List of Spanish football champions|league title]] on 17 May with a 1–0 win over Atlético Madrid at the Vicente Calderón, Barcelona defeated Athletic Bilbao 3–1 at Camp Nou in the [[2015 Copa del Rey Final]] on 30 May, with Neymar scoring the second goal for ''Barça''.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/0/football/32938036|title=Ath Bilbao 1–3 Barcelona|date=30 May 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150602025437/http://www.bbc.com/sport/0/football/32938036|archive-date=2 June 2015}}</ref> With Barcelona's victory likely, he performed tricks with the ball in the final stages of the game, which was deemed unsporting by opponent [[Andoni Iraola]]. Barcelona manager [[Luis Enrique (footballer)|Luis Enrique]] claimed that it had to be understood that such behaviour was acceptable in Brazil, while Neymar himself did not apologise.<ref>{{cite news|title=Iraola: Neymar 'rainbow' unsporting|url=http://www.fourfourtwo.com/news/iraola-neymar-rainbow-unsporting|access-date=20 June 2015|work=Four Four Two|date=31 May 2015|url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150621021931/http://www.fourfourtwo.com/news/iraola-neymar-rainbow-unsporting|archive-date=21 June 2015}}</ref>

On 6 June, Neymar scored the third goal for ''Barça'' in the 3–1 Champions League Final defeat of Italian champions [[Juventus FC|Juventus]] at Berlin's [[Olympiastadion (Berlin)|Olympiastadion]], ensuring the club won its fifth [[European Champion Clubs' Cup|European Cup]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/news/0252-0cd2c6a4864d-8c8d00efd1bd-1000--barcelona-see-off-juventus-to-claim-fifth-title/|title=Barcelona see off Juventus to claim fifth title|date=6 June 2015|publisher=UEFA|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150608200023/http://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/season%3D2015/matches/round%3D2000552/match%3D2015227/postmatch/report/index.html|archive-date=8 June 2015}}</ref> This made Barcelona the first club in history to twice win [[Treble (association football)|the treble]] of domestic league, domestic cup and European Cup.<ref name=triple>{{cite news|url=http://www.fcbarcelona.com/football/first-team/detail/article/barca-make-history-with-second-treble|title=Barça make history with second treble!|date=6 June 2015|work=FC Barcelona|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150607120500/http://www.fcbarcelona.com/football/first-team/detail/article/barca-make-history-with-second-treble|archive-date=7 June 2015|access-date=7 June 2015}}</ref> On a personal note, he became the eighth player in football's history to win both the [[Copa Libertadores]] and the UEFA Champions League, and the first player to score in final victories in both competitions.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.goal.com/en/news/1716/champions-league/2015/06/07/12492922/neymar-joins-exclusive-libertadores-champions-league-club|title=Neymar joins exclusive Libertadores-Champions League club|date=7 June 2015|work=Goal|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150609201218/http://www.goal.com/en/news/1716/champions-league/2015/06/07/12492922/neymar-joins-exclusive-libertadores-champions-league-club|archive-date=9 June 2015}}</ref> Neymar ended the season with 39 goals in all competitions and 10 in the Champions League, making him joint highest scorer with Ronaldo and teammate Messi in the latter competition.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.afp.com/en/news/hot-shot-neymar-realises-champions-league-dream|title=Hot-shot Neymar realises Champions League dream|date=6 June 2015|agency=Agence France-Presse|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150610180743/http://www.afp.com/en/news/hot-shot-neymar-realises-champions-league-dream|archive-date=10 June 2015}}</ref> Neymar scored 13 goals in his final 13 games of the season for Barcelona.<ref name=":43">{{Cite web |author1=Andrew Murray |date=2015-12-04 |title=FourFourTwo's Best 100 Football Players in the World 2015 No.3: Neymar |url=https://www.fourfourtwo.com/features/fourfourtwos-best-100-football-players-world-2015-no3-neymar |access-date=2025-06-13 |website=FourFourTwo}}</ref> He was the first player apart from those two to top the competition's scoring list, since compatriot [[Kaká]] in [[2006–07 UEFA Champions League|2006–07]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Neymar, Messi and Ronaldo top scoring charts|url=https://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/news/0252-0cd2c6a4864d-6fcf927ecffc-1000--neymar-messi-and-ronaldo-top-scoring-charts/|access-date=13 April 2016|publisher=UEFA|date=6 June 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151205045913/http://www.uefa.com/news/newsid%3D2251883.html#three+joint+scorers|archive-date=5 December 2015}}</ref> Barcelona's attacking trio of Messi, [[Luis Suárez]] and Neymar, dubbed ''MSN'', ended with 122 goals, the most in a season for an attacking trio in Spanish football history.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2015/jun/06/barcelona-luis-suarez-lionel-messi-juventus-champions-league-final|title=Barcelona's Luis Suárez, Leo Messi and Neymar too good for Juventus|date=6 June 2015|work=The Guardian|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151103021240/http://www.theguardian.com/football/2015/jun/06/barcelona-luis-suarez-lionel-messi-juventus-champions-league-final|archive-date=3 November 2015}}</ref>

====2015–16: Ballon d'Or candidate, domestic double and contract extension====
Due to having the [[mumps]], Neymar missed the [[2015 UEFA Super Cup]] and the [[2015 Supercopa de España]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Neymar: Barcelona striker out for two weeks with mumps |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/33840933|access-date=9 August 2015|date=9 August 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150810073947/http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/33840933|archive-date=10 August 2015}}</ref> On 26 September, Messi suffered a serious knee injury in Barcelona’s 2–1 win over [[UD Las Palmas|Las Palmas]], keeping him out for two months.<ref>{{Cite news |agency=Associated Press |date=2015-09-26 |title=Barcelona Loses Lionel Messi 2 Months With Injury |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/09/27/sports/soccer/lionel-messi-injury-barcelona.html |access-date=2025-06-07 |work=The New York Times |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> In Messi's absence, Neymar experienced one of the greatest peaks in his career, widely being praised as the best player in the world during this period. He scored 13 goals and provided 9 assists in just 8 games.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Chabba |first=Gursher |date=2024-09-11 |title=13 goals in 8 games: Remembering Neymar's heroic run when Messi injured his knee in 2015 |url=https://tribuna.com/en/news/fcbarcelona-2024-09-11-13-goals-in-8-games-remembering-neymars-heroic-run-when-messi-injured-his-knee-in-2015/ |access-date=2025-06-07 |website=Tribuna.com}}</ref>

On 17 October, he scored four goals in Barcelona's 5–2 home win over [[Rayo Vallecano]] in La Liga, taking his total to eight goals for the season.<ref>{{cite news|title=Barcelona 5–2 Rayo Vallecano|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/34549230|date=17 October 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151017064506/http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/34549230|archive-date=17 October 2015}}</ref> On 8 November, he scored a "stunning" goal in a 3–0 win against Villarreal, receiving the ball from just inside the area and flicking it up over his shoulder and over a defender before volleying it into the goal.<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 November 2015 |title=Neymar scores stunning volley for Barcelona against Villarreal |url=https://www.skysports.com/football/news/11833/10061405/watch-sublime-neymar-volley |website=[[Sky Sports]]}}</ref> Villareal manager [[Marcelino García Toral]] lauded Neymar following the goal against his team: "He is probably the most in-form attacker in the league, decisive in front of goal and also in their [buildup] play".<ref>{{Cite news |last=Lowe |first=Sid |date=2015-11-20 |title=Neymar transforms from Lionel Messi's butler to Barcelona's lord of the manor |url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/blog/2015/nov/20/neymar-lionel-messi-barcelona-clasico-real-madrid |access-date=2025-06-08 |work=The Guardian |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> On 21 November, Neymar scored one and provided a back heel assist for Iniesta in Barcelona's 4–0 away win against Real Madrid.<ref>{{cite news|title=Suarez scores twice as Barca thrash Real|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/34849342|agency=BBC|access-date=21 November 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151120223751/http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/34849342|archive-date=20 November 2015}}</ref> He scored twice in a 4–0 home win over Real Sociedad on 28 November, taking his La Liga total to 14 goals in 12 games.<ref>{{cite news|title=Barcelona 4–0 Real Sociedad|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/34896736|date=1 December 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151201050257/http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/34896736|archive-date=1 December 2015}}</ref> By this point of the season, at 23 years old, several media outlets praised Neymar as elevating to the same level of Messi and Ronaldo, arguably being the best player in the world.<ref name=":15">{{Cite news |date=2015-11-19 |title=Neymar, Messi, Ronaldo: Is Brazilian now world's best player? |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/34835193 |access-date=2025-05-31 |work=BBC Sport }}</ref> Sports writer Andrew Murray was of similar praise for Neymar, writing, "From the end of September until the end of November, he has been the best player in the world."<ref name=":43" /> On 30 November, Neymar was shortlisted for the [[2015 FIFA Ballon d'Or]] alongside Messi and Ronaldo.<ref>{{cite web |date=30 November 2015 |title=Nominees for the FIFA Ballon d'Or 2015 awards revealed |url=https://www.fifa.com/ballon-dor/news/y=2015/m=11/news=nominees-for-the-fifa-ballon-d-or-2015-awards-revealed-2735884.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151202214344/http://www.fifa.com/ballon-dor/news/y%3D2015/m%3D11/news%3Dnominees-for-the-fifa-ballon-d-or-2015-awards-revealed-2735884.html |archive-date=2 December 2015 |publisher=[[FIFA]]}}</ref> Several journalists argued that Neymar deserved to win the award, highlighting his importance in the crucial stages of the 2014–15 Champions League and during Messi's absence in the first half of 2015–16.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-01-11 |title=Why Lionel Messi, Neymar and Cristiano Ronaldo each deserve to win the 2015 Ballon d'Or |url=https://foxsports.com.au/football/why-lionel-messi-neymar-and-cristiano-ronaldo-each-deserve-to-win-the-2015-ballon-dor/news-story/9731994057d07b8d80b96aae475d925b |access-date=2025-07-03 |website=Fox Sports}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Laurence |first=Martin |date=11 January 2016 |title=Does Neymar deserve to win the Ballon d'Or ahead of Lionel Messi and Cristiano Ronaldo? |url=https://www.skysports.com/football/news/11096/10121522/does-neymar-deserve-to-win-the-ballon-dor-ahead-of-lionel-messi-and-cristiano-ronaldo |website=[[Sky Sports]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Ahmed |first=Shahan |date=2015-11-12 |title=Neymar continues to make a case for 2015 Ballon d'Or over injured Messi |url=http://sports.yahoo.com/blogs/soccer-fc-yahoo/neymar-makes-case-for-2015-ballon-d-or-191013576.html |access-date=2025-07-03 |website=Yahoo Sports}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=O |first=Elvis Ume |date=2019-10-10 |title=When Neymar made a solid case for the 2015 Ballon d'Or award |url=https://www.sportskeeda.com/football/revisiting-the-2015-ballon-d-or-when-neymar-made-a-solid-case-for-the-award |access-date=2025-07-03 |website=www.sportskeeda.com}}</ref> He came in third place.<ref name="FIFA 2015">[https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/35285469 "Lionel Messi wins Ballon d'Or over Cristiano Ronaldo & Neymar"] . BBC Sport. Retrieved 12 January 2016</ref>
[[File:Seleção olímpica masculina de futebol faz primeiro treino em Brasília (28674892006) (cropped).jpg|left|thumb|300x300px|Neymar training with [[Brazil national under-23 football team|Brazil under-23]] in August 2016, a month after his contract extension with Barcelona.]]
On 16 March 2016, against [[Arsenal F.C.|Arsenal]] in the second leg of the round of 16 fixture, Neymar opened the scoring in a 3–1 win at Camp Nou to seal a 5–1 aggregate victory, helping Barcelona advance.<ref>{{Cite web |last=UEFA.com |date=2016-03-16 |title=Barcelona complete last-16 triumph over Arsenal {{!}} UEFA Champions League 2015/16 |url=https://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/news/022b-0e956702ed83-38a7a19a68e0-1000--barcelona-complete-last-16-triumph-over-arsenal/ |access-date=2025-06-14 |website=UEFA.com }}</ref> Barcelona got knocked out in the quarter-final to [[Atlético Madrid]]. In total, Neymar scored three goals in the Champions League; while not as prolific in the Champions League as in the treble-winning 2014–15 campaign, Neymar’s 2015–16 season saw him also get 5 assists in the 9 games he played in.

On 22 May 2016, Neymar scored a late goal in Barcelona's 2–0 [[Overtime (sports)|extra time]] win over [[Sevilla FC|Sevilla]] in the [[2016 Copa del Rey Final]] at the Vicente Calderón, as the club celebrated winning the [[Double (association football)#Spain|domestic double]] for the second consecutive season, following their treble victory from the previous season.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.marca.com/eventos/marcador/futbol/2015_16/copa/final/bar_sev/|title=Messi sirve el doblete |trans-title=Messi hands out double|work=Marca|language=es|date=22 May 2016|access-date=23 May 2016|url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160522121855/http://www.marca.com/eventos/marcador/futbol/2015_16/copa/final/bar_sev/|archive-date=22 May 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-soccer-spain-fcb-reaction-idUKKCN0YE1BQ|title=Barca's double double hailed in Spanish media|work=Reuters|author1=Adriana Garcia|date=23 May 2016|access-date=23 May 2016|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160617202314/http://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-soccer-spain-fcb-reaction-idUKKCN0YE1BQ|archive-date=17 June 2016}}</ref> The front three of Messi, Suárez and Neymar finished the season with 131 goals, breaking the record they had set the previous year for most goals by an attacking trio in a single season.<ref>{{cite news|title=Messi, Suárez and Neymar Jr end season with 131 goals |work=Barca Fan Club |url=https://www.barcafan-club.com/2016/05/messi-suarez-and-neymar-jr-end-season-with-131-goals/|url-status=live|access-date=15 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210115134522/https://www.barcafan-club.com/2016/05/messi-suarez-and-neymar-jr-end-season-with-131-goals/|archive-date=15 January 2021}}</ref> Despite a dip in form at the end of the season,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Paul |first=Sumeet |date=2016-04-19 |title=Barcelona legend defends under-fire Neymar as criticism gathers pace |url=https://www.caughtoffside.com/2016/04/19/barcelona-legend-defends-under-fire-neymar-as-criticism-gathers-pace/ |access-date=2025-06-14 |website=CaughtOffside }}</ref> Neymar ultimately reached over 30 goals for the second consecutive season, scoring 31. He also got 25 assists in the 49 matches he played over the season.{{Citation needed|date=June 2025}}

On 1 July 2016, Neymar signed a new contract with Barcelona until 2021. He expressed on social media, "I'm very happy to continue living this dream! Long live Barcelona and long live Catalunya!". His new contract included a €200 million buy-out clause, rising to €222m in the second year of his deal, and €250m thereafter. His future at Barcelona had been in doubt over rumours that the likes of Real Madrid, PSG and [[Manchester City F.C.|Manchester City]] were considering to make huge offers for him.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Neymar extends contract until 2021 |url=https://www.fcbarcelona.com/en/news/1064652/neymar-extends-contract-until-2021 |access-date=2026-02-23 |website=www.fcbarcelona.com |language=en}}</ref>

====2016–17: ''La Remontada'' and final season====
[[File:Barça 6 - PSG 1; Dimecres 8 de març de 2017 - 33340360535 (cropped).jpg|thumb|Neymar celebrating after Barcelona's sixth goal against PSG in the Champions League second leg win in February 2017]]
On 13 September 2016, Neymar registered a goal and four assists in Barcelona's 7–0 win against Celtic in the group stage of the [[2016–17 UEFA Champions League|Champions League]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2016-09-12 |title=Champions League: Barcelona 7-0 Celtic |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/37331224 |access-date=2025-06-09 |work=BBC Sport }}</ref> He scored his first goal of the [[2016–17 La Liga]] season against [[CD Leganés|Leganés]] in a 5–1 on 17 September 2016.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Barcelona 5-1 Leganés (17 Sep, 2016) Final Score - ESPN (UK) |url=https://www.espn.co.uk/football/match/_/gameId/459043/barcelona-leganes |access-date=2025-06-09 |website=ESPN }}</ref> In front of goal, Neymar had a poor start to the season (in all competitions), and scored his last goal of 2016 in the Champions League group stage fixture against Man City on 19 October 2016, a 4–0 win.<ref name=":36">{{Cite web |last=Sport |date=2016-12-30 |title=Neymar's worst year in front of goal since he was 17 years old |url=https://www.sport.es/en/news/barca/neymars-worst-year-in-front-of-goal-since-he-was-17-years-old-5718460 |access-date=2025-06-09 |website=sport }}</ref> Neymar ended 2016 with a tally of only 29 goals, whereas in 2015 he scored 46 goals. It was his least prolific year since 2009, his first year as a professional player.<ref name=":36" />

{{Quote box|"While there is a 1% chance, we will have 99% faith."|— Neymar after the 4–0 loss against [[Paris Saint-Germain|PSG]] on 15 February 2017<ref>{{Cite web|date=15 February 2017|title=Neymar says Barcelona have 1% chance of reaching Champions League quarters after 4-0 hammering by PSG |url=https://www.mirror.co.uk/sport/football/news/neymar-says-barcelona-1-chance-9824734|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200930053148/https://www.mirror.co.uk/sport/football/news/neymar-says-barcelona-1-chance-9824734|archive-date=30 September 2020|access-date=15 January 2021|website=Mirror}}</ref>
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}}

Neymar's highlight of the season was in Barcelona's [[Barcelona 6–1 Paris Saint-Germain|6–1 victory]] (widely known as ''La Remontada'' English translation: ''The Comeback'') over PSG in the Champions League round of 16 on 8 March 2017. Barcelona were 5–3 down on aggregate in the 88th minute, but scored three goals in the final seven minutes to progress into the quarter-final.<ref name=":37">{{Cite web |last=Gwilliam |first=Louise |date=9 March 2017 |title=Barcelona 6-1 Paris St-Germain (6-5 agg) |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/39152666 |website=[[BBC Sport]]}}</ref> Overcoming the 4–0 loss to PSG in the first leg from 14 February 2017, this second leg match became the biggest comeback in Champions League history.<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 March 2017 |title=Barcelona vs. Paris Saint-Germain – Football Match Report – March 8, 2017 |url=http://www.espn.co.uk/football/report?gameId=469090 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201229134950/https://www.espn.co.uk/football/report?gameId=469090 |archive-date=29 December 2020 |access-date=5 June 2018 |work=ESPN}}</ref> Neymar had a "heroic" role<ref>{{Cite web |title=MAN OF THE MATCH Barcelona 6-1 Paris Saint-Germain: Neymar |url=https://www.goal.com/id/news/1364/liga-champions/2017/03/08/33441702/man-of-the-match-barcelona-6-1-paris-saint-germain-neymar |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220101232102/https://www.goal.com/id/news/1364/liga-champions/2017/03/08/33441702/man-of-the-match-barcelona-6-1-paris-saint-germain-neymar |archive-date=1 January 2022 |access-date=1 January 2022 |website=www.goal.com}}</ref> in this comeback: he scored a "sumptuous" free-kick into the top corner and scored a penalty a few minutes later, leaving Barcelona with one goal to find in injury time. In the 95th minute, Neymar produced the assist for [[Sergi Roberto]]'s winner as the Camp Nou went wild.<ref name=":37" /> In this historic match, Neymar was named [[Player of the match|man of the match]].<ref>{{cite web |last=Ryan |first=Danny |date=30 March 2017 |title=Neymar's seven defining minutes of unparalleled genius against Paris Saint-Germain |url=https://thesefootballtimes.co/neymars-seven-defining-minutes-of-unparalleled-genius-against-paris-saint-germain/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190626184442/https://thesefootballtimes.co/2017/03/30/neymars-seven-defining-minutes-of-unparalleled-genius-against-paris-saint-germain/ |archive-date=26 June 2019 |access-date=11 April 2018 |work=[[These Football Times]]}}</ref> As the "primary architect" of ''La Remontada'',<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-06-01 |title=How PSG ended years of continental heartbreak to win the Champions League |url=https://www.espn.co.uk/football/story/_/id/45422925/how-psg-ended-years-continental-heartbreak-win-uefa-champions-league |access-date=2025-06-07 |website=ESPN.com }}</ref> Robin Bairner of [[Goal (website)|''Goal'']] said his performance cemented his legacy as the third-best player of his generation, behind Messi and Ronaldo.<ref name=":14">{{Cite web |date=2020-02-17 |title=Neymar must begin to write his PSG Champions League legacy now |url=https://www.goal.com/en-gb/news/neymar-must-begin-to-write-his-psg-champions-league-legacy-now/jl9shpvj2b1l13kvuh1hpsv9n |access-date=2025-06-02 |website=www.goal.com }}</ref> With his assist for Roberto, Neymar also broke the record for the most assists in a Champions League campaign (8).<ref name=":49">{{Cite web |last=Marsden |first=Rory |title=Neymar Breaks Champions League Assists Record for a Single Season |url=https://bleacherreport.com/articles/2678031-neymar-breaks-champions-league-assists-record-for-a-single-season |access-date=2025-06-07 |website=bleacherreport.com }}</ref>

On 11 February, Neymar scored against [[Deportivo Alavés|Alavés]] in a 6–0 away win in La Liga to surpass Ronaldinho's tally of 94 goals with Barcelona.<ref name=":30">{{Cite web |last1=Rincón |first1=Jaime |last2=@Jaime_Rincon |last3=Mosquera |first3=Adapted by Pablo |last4=@burraparda |date=2017-02-11 |title=Neymar surpasses Ronaldinho |url=https://e00-marca.uecdn.es/en/football/barcelona/2017/02/11/589f9426ca474113498b4635.html |access-date=2025-06-07 |website=MARCA in English }}</ref> Neymar comfortably beat Ronaldinho's record, scoring his 95th goal in 169 matches for Barcelona (Ronaldinho scored 94 goals in 207 appearances).<ref name=":30" /> On 2 April, Neymar scored his 100th goal for Barcelona in his 177th appearance for the club, netting in a 4–1 win over [[Granada CF|Granada]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.skysports.com/football/news/11833/10823197/luis-enrique-hails-neymar-after-brazilian-scores-100th-barcelona-goal|title=Luis Enrique hails Neymar after Brazilian scores 100th Barcelona goal|publisher=Sky Sports|date=3 April 2017|access-date=3 April 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170404044922/http://www.skysports.com/football/news/11833/10823197/luis-enrique-hails-neymar-after-brazilian-scores-100th-barcelona-goal|archive-date=4 April 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espnfc.com/barcelona/story/3094837/neymar-scores-100th-goal-for-barcelona-and-luis-enrique-hopes-he-nets-900-more|title=Neymar scores 100th Barcelona goal; Luis Enrique hopes for 'another 900'|website=ESPN|last=Marsden|first=Stuart|date=2 April 2017|access-date=3 April 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170403145234/http://www.espnfc.com/barcelona/story/3094837/neymar-scores-100th-goal-for-barcelona-and-luis-enrique-hopes-he-nets-900-more|archive-date=3 April 2017}}</ref> On 15 May, he scored his first away hat-trick for Barcelona in a 4-1 victory against Las Palmas, ensuring that the La Liga's title race would go down to the final day of the season.<ref name=":29">{{Cite web |last=been "great" |first=Neymar's hat-trick against Las Palmas continued a stunning 2016-17 season for the forward, who feels his campaign has |title=Neymar: This is my best Barcelona season |url=https://www.beinsports.com/en-mena/football/la-liga/articles/neymar-this-is-my-best-barcelona-season-1 |access-date=2025-06-07 |website=beIN SPORTS -mena}}</ref> Following this victory, Neymar expressed, "This is a great season for me, I even think I have had my best season since I arrived here."<ref name=":29" /> Real Madrid won the La Liga title thanks to a final-day victory at [[Málaga CF|Málaga]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2017-05-20 |title=Malaga 0-2 Real Madrid |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/39926301 |access-date=2025-06-07 |work=BBC Sport }}</ref> On 27 May, Neymar scored in the [[2017 Copa del Rey Final]], his 105th goal for the club, as Barcelona defeated Alavés 3–1 at the [[Vicente Calderón Stadium|Vicente Calderón]] in Madrid.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/39909498|title=Barcelona 3 Alaves 1|date=27 May 2017|publisher=BBC Sport|access-date=31 May 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170530212245/http://www.bbc.com/sport/football/39909498|archive-date=30 May 2017}}</ref> This made him the first player to score in three consecutive Copa del Rey finals since [[Ferenc Puskás]] in the 1960s.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-05-28 |title=Neymar, Messi equal Copa del Rey records |url=https://www.espn.co.uk/football/story/_/id/37523246/barcelona-neymar-lionel-messi-equal-copa-del-rey-records |access-date=2025-06-07 |website=ESPN.com }}</ref> Despite the poor start to the season, Neymar ended the season with 20 goals, as well as 21 assists.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ansong |first=Duaine |date=2017-08-12 |title=Neymar's 2016-17 stats compared to Philippe Coutinho and Ousmane Dembele |url=https://www.givemesport.com/1121886-neymars-201617-stats-compared-to-philippe-coutinho-and-ousmane-dembele/ |access-date=2025-06-07 |website=GiveMeSport }}</ref>

According to former Barcelona teammate Xavi, Neymar informed his teammates of his desire to leave Barcelona at Messi's wedding in June 2017.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Payne |first=Marissa |date=27 November 2021 |title=Neymar said he was leaving for PSG at Lionel Messi's wedding, ex-Barcelona teammate says |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/early-lead/wp/2017/10/20/neymar-said-he-was-leaving-for-psg-at-lionel-messis-wedding-ex-barcelona-teammate-says/ |access-date=12 November 2023 |issn=0190-8286 |archive-date=13 January 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190113132140/https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/early-lead/wp/2017/10/20/neymar-said-he-was-leaving-for-psg-at-lionel-messis-wedding-ex-barcelona-teammate-says/ |url-status=live}}</ref> By July, media speculation emerged that Neymar wanted to join PSG, with the club holding talks with Barcelona officials. Many in the media believed Neymar was driven to leave Barcelona so he could step out of Messi’s shadow and become the sole star himself, improving his chances of winning the Ballon d’Or.<ref>{{Cite web |date=15 August 2023 |title=Neymar threw away his chance to become a Barcelona great! Saudi Arabia transfer the only option after world-record failure at PSG |url=https://www.goal.com/en-gb/lists/neymar-threw-away-barcelona-great-saudi-arabia-transfer-psg-failure/blt4b2702bdafc3f4b3 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231028103828/https://www.goal.com/en-gb/lists/neymar-threw-away-barcelona-great-saudi-arabia-transfer-psg-failure/blt4b2702bdafc3f4b3 |archive-date=28 October 2023 |access-date=28 October 2023 |website=www.goal.com}}</ref> On 22 July, Neymar scored twice in a 2–1 win over Juventus in a pre-season friendly. His second goal saw him beat five defenders before scoring, being described as a "ridiculous" goal.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Gallagher |first=Joe |title=Neymar Beats 5 Juventus Defenders En Route to Ridiculous Solo Barcelona Goal |url=https://bleacherreport.com/articles/2723203-neymar-beats-five-juventus-defenders-en-route-to-ridiculous-solo-barcelona-goal |access-date=2025-07-17 |website=bleacherreport.com |language=en}}</ref> His final unofficial match for Barcelona came on 29 July in a 3–2 win over Real Madrid.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Graham |first=Bryan Armen |date=2017-07-30 |title=Real Madrid v Barcelona: International Champions Cup friendly – as it happened |url=http://www.theguardian.com/football/live/2017/jul/29/real-madrid-v-barcelona-international-champions-cup-friendly-live |access-date=2025-07-17 |work=the Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> Barcelona president, Bartomeu, admitted he was powerless to stop him from wanting to leave: "Neymar is one of our best players and so we don't want to lose that player," he said. "We want him to continue with us. He still has four years of his contract so there is nothing else to say [...] You know that players decide if they want to leave, they can decide."<ref>{{Cite news |last=Aarons |first=Ed |date=28 July 2017 |title=Neymar storms out of Barcelona training after clashing with team-mate |work=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2017/jul/28/neymar-barcelona-training-paris-saint-germain |access-date=12 November 2023 |issn=0261-3077 |archive-date=12 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231112142236/https://www.theguardian.com/football/2017/jul/28/neymar-barcelona-training-paris-saint-germain |url-status=live}}</ref> On 2 August, Neymar asked Barcelona to allow him to leave.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Dawson |first=Alan |title=Neymar has asked to leave FC Barcelona |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/psg-transfer-news-neymar-tells-fc-barcelona-that-he-is-leaving-2017-8 |access-date=12 November 2023 |website=Business Insider |archive-date=12 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231112142234/https://www.businessinsider.com/psg-transfer-news-neymar-tells-fc-barcelona-that-he-is-leaving-2017-8 |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Fox Sports]] reported that in the short time that he was at Barcelona, Neymar left his mark in the club's history and was a "crucial piece" to their success in those years.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Konstantelos |first=Nektarios |date=2017-08-05 |title=Neymar Jr: What Is His Legacy At Barcelona? |url=https://foxsports1340am.com/neymar-jr-legacy-barcelona/ |access-date=2025-06-03 }}</ref> He scored 105 goals and assisted 76 in 186 appearances for Barcelona, only trailing Rivaldo as the most prolific Brazilian for Barcelona.<ref>{{Cite web |author1=FourFourTwo Staff |date=2017-08-02 |title=105 goals, 41 MSN assists - Opta breakdown of Neymar's Barcelona career |url=https://www.fourfourtwo.com/news/105-goals-41-msn-assists-opta-breakdown-neymars-barcelona-career |access-date=2025-05-31 |website=FourFourTwo}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-08-15 |title=Neymar threw away his chance to become a Barcelona great! Saudi Arabia transfer the only option after world-record failure at PSG |url=https://www.goal.com/en/lists/neymar-threw-away-barcelona-great-saudi-arabia-transfer-psg-failure/blt4b2702bdafc3f4b3 |access-date=2025-05-31 |website=www.goal.com}}</ref>

===Paris Saint-Germain===
[[File:Neymar Jr Presentation (cropped).jpg|thumb|271x271px|Neymar posing with his PSG number 10 jersey with club president [[Nasser Al-Khelaifi]] in August 2017]]
On 3 August 2017, Barcelona announced that Neymar's legal representatives made a payment of €222 million<ref>{{Cite web|date=20 March 2019|title=10 Most Valuable Football Transfer Contracts So Far|url=https://sportycious.com/most-valuable-football-transfer-958846|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200929115636/https://sportycious.com/most-valuable-football-transfer-958846|archive-date=29 September 2020|access-date=16 October 2019|website=Sportycious}}</ref> to the club, equal to the [[release clause]] of his contract, which constituted the [[List of most expensive association football transfers|most expensive transfer ever]]. The club informed UEFA so that they can determine any disciplinary responsibilities that may arise from this case.<ref name="FCB Neymar" /> According to the [[BBC]], in Spain, the release clause must be activated by the footballer himself. The situation was unusual, in that the fee was paid to the club directly, after La Liga had refused to receive the payment.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/40823628|title=Neymar: Paris St-Germain's new signing said he left Barcelona for a new challenge|date=4 August 2017 |access-date=4 August 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170805102048/http://www.bbc.com/sport/football/40823628|archive-date=5 August 2017}}</ref><ref name="BBC Neymar" /> Usually, the buyout clause is deposited with La Liga in order to release the player from his contract, and the league then passes the money to the selling club. However, La Liga rejected the payment—citing violation of Financial Fair Play (FFP) rules by PSG, who are backed by money from Gulf state [[Qatar]].<ref>{{cite news|date=3 August 2017|title=Neymar: Barcelona say Paris St-Germain target has paid his buyout clause|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/40814854|url-status=live|access-date=25 July 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201125171706/https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/40814854|archive-date=25 November 2020}}</ref>

Despite the belief that Neymar joined PSG to improve his chances of becoming the best player in the world, he cited his reason for joining the club as wanting a new challenge, including the opportunity to lead a team at club level again.<ref name="Staff">{{Cite web |last=Staff |first=BR-UK |title=B/R Experts' Views on Neymar's Transfer from Barcelona to PSG |url=https://bleacherreport.com/articles/2725626-br-experts-views-on-neymars-transfer-from-barcelona-to-psg |access-date=2025-06-14 |website=bleacherreport.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Surlis |first=Pat |date=2 August 2017 |title=Why would Neymar leave Barcelona for Paris Saint-Germain? |work=Sky Sports |url=https://www.skysports.com/football/news/11833/10963706/why-would-neymar-leave-barcelona-for-paris-saint-germain}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-08-03 |title=Neymar on move: 'I need new challenges' |url=https://www.espn.co.uk/football/story/_/id/37528582/neymar-barcelona-always-my-heart-need-new-challenges |access-date=2025-07-06 |website=ESPN.com |language=en}}</ref> A sports writer noted that Neymar remaining at Barcelona would have meant continuing as one of several prominent players in a team, but at PSG he faced the greater challenge of creating history where there was not much.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-08-10 |title=It's Not About The Money: Why Neymar Was Right To Leave Barcelona And Join PSG |url=https://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/jamie-spencer/neymar-psg_b_17715596.html |access-date=2025-07-06 |website=HuffPost UK |language=en}}</ref> Neymar's father told the media that Neymar was not desperate to win the Ballon d'Or—if he was he would have stayed at Barcelona because "he had everything" at the club.<ref name=":61">{{Cite web |date=2017-10-02 |title=Neymar's father surprised he left Barca |url=https://www.espn.co.uk/football/story/_/id/37534566/neymar-father-surprised-left-barcelona-paris-saint-germain |access-date=2025-07-07 |website=ESPN.com |language=en}}</ref> According to his father, Neymar wanted to get out of his comfort zone.<ref name=":61" /> Neymar's father also revealed that an offer from PSG was received in the previous year, but this time PSG's offer was "very interesting".<ref name=":61" />

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}}
Neymar joined PSG on a contract that would run until 2022,<ref>{{cite news|url=https://en.psg.fr/pro/article/neymar-jr-signs-with-paris-saint-germain|title=Neymar Jr signs with Paris Saint-Germain!|date=3 August 2017|access-date=3 August 2017|publisher=Paris Saint-Germain|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170803205243/https://en.psg.fr/pro/article/neymar-jr-signs-with-paris-saint-germain|archive-date=3 August 2017}}</ref> earning roughly €30 million a year—this doubled his Barcelona salary and made him the second-highest paid player in the world.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Sport |first=Telegraph |date=2017-09-24 |title=PSG make Neymar world's second-highest paid player according to leaked document |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/football/2017/09/24/psg-make-neymar-worlds-second-highest-paid-player-according/ |access-date=2025-07-09 |work=The Telegraph |issn=0307-1235}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-08-04 |title=Neymar Revealed as 2nd Highest-Paid Player in the World as Shock Former Arsenal Man Makes Top 10 |url=https://www.si.com/soccer/2017/08/04/neymar-revealed-2nd-highest-paid-player-world-shock-former-arsenal-man-makes-top-10 |access-date=2025-07-09 |website=SI}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Settimi |first=Christina |title=Neymar Signs With PSG, Set To Become World's Highest-Paid Soccer Player Ahead Of Messi And Ronaldo |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/christinasettimi/2017/08/03/neymar-set-to-eclipse-messi-and-ronaldo-and-become-the-worlds-highest-paid-soccer-player/ |access-date=2025-07-09 |website=Forbes}}</ref> He was also paid €40m up front, which was believed to be given to his father.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-08-03 |title=Neymar's behaviour has ruined his Barcelona legacy forever |url=https://www.goal.com/en/news/from-the-new-messi-to-the-new-figo---neymars-behaviour-has-ruined-his-legacy-at-camp-nou-forever/1i991aosf42yw15vzmmp6wiikr |access-date=2025-06-03 |website=www.goal.com }}</ref> Many in the media pointed to money as one of the catalysts for him joining PSG. Cafu defended the claims that Neymar was a mercenary for joining PSG, stating that it was an opportunity for him to be "an idol, a star" and to be important to PSG's chances of winning the Champions League.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-08-06 |title='I would have gone too' - Brazil legend Cafu defends Neymar's PSG switch |url=https://www.goal.com/en-gb/news/i-would-have-gone-too---brazil-legend-cafu-defends-neymars-psg-switch/vojhodxj6rs51ah8o00ku7f14 |access-date=2025-06-05 |website=www.goal.com }}</ref> Former Barcelona player [[Rivaldo]] also supported the view that he had to leave Barcelona to be the focal player, which was impossible with Messi's presence.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Jiménez |first=Juan |date=2017-12-20 |title=Rivaldo: "Neymar siempre iba a ser sombra de Messi en el Barça" |url=https://as.com/us/us/2017/12/20/futbol/1513745448_968432.html |access-date=2025-06-28 |website=Diario AS |language=es-us}}</ref> In 2025, Neymar further revealed that he left Barcelona because of the opportunity to play with his fellow Brazilian teammates [[Thiago Silva]], [[Dani Alves]], [[Marquinhos]], and [[Lucas Moura]], as well as the financially better contract.<ref>{{Cite web |author1=Ryan Dabbs |date=2025-01-17 |title='I didn't leave Barcelona to be the best in the world at PSG. Messi asked, "Why are you leaving?" I told him it's something personal': Neymar reveals why he made record-breaking 2017 transfer |url=https://www.fourfourtwo.com/news/i-didnt-leave-barcelona-to-be-the-best-in-the-world-at-psg-messi-asked-why-are-you-leaving-i-told-him-its-something-personal-neymar-reveals-why-he-made-record-breaking-2017-transfer |access-date=2025-06-03 |website=FourFourTwo}}</ref>

Neymar’s transfer from Barcelona to PSG was viewed as a step back in terms of prestige and competitiveness.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Edmilson |first=Neymar's move from Barcelona to PSG "was a mistake," according to former Brazil defender |title=Edmilson: Neymar Leaving Barcelona For PSG "Wa |url=https://www.beinsports.com/en-us/soccer/la-liga/articles-video/edmilson-neymar-leaving-barcelona-for-psg-was |access-date=2025-06-14 |website=beIN SPORTS}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=IANS |title=Neymar's PSG move a 'backward step', feels Ronaldo |url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ians/neymar-s-psg-move-a-backward-step-feels-ronaldo-118011200410_1.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180119041649/http://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ians/neymar-s-psg-move-a-backward-step-feels-ronaldo-118011200410_1.html |archive-date=19 January 2018 |access-date=2025-06-14 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Marshment |first=James |date=2017-09-21 |title=Former Barcelona star offers theory on why Neymar joined PSG |url=https://www.teamtalk.com/news/former-barcelona-star-offers-theory-on-why-neymar-joined-psg |access-date=2025-06-14 |website=TEAMtalk}}</ref><ref name="Staff" /> Sports analysts noted that with Neymar leaving behind a club with established Champions League history and success to join a club with none, this caused him to have a greater challenge to deliver.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-08-22 |title=Assessing the Neymar, Barcelona, PSG ripple effect: Did that 2017 move work out for anyone? |url=https://www.espn.com/soccer/insider/story/_/id/38238149/neymar-saudi-arabia-transfer-ripple-barcelona-psg |access-date=2025-06-14 |website=ESPN.com}}</ref> It was widely understood that PSG signed Neymar to increase their chances of winning their much desired first Champions League title.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Neymar - superstar with a legacy unfulfilled? |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/66505930 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231028102324/https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/66505930 |archive-date=28 October 2023 |access-date=28 October 2023 |work=BBC Sport}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Laurens |first=Julien |date=2017-08-03 |title=PSG convinced Neymar signing opens the way to Champions League glory |url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2017/aug/03/neymar-paris-saint-germain-champions-league-ambitions |access-date=2025-06-09 |work=The Guardian |issn=0261-3077}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-08-03 |title=Neymar the superstar to take PSG to Champions League glory |url=https://www.goal.com/en-gb/news/neymar-psgneymar-the-superstar-to-bring-psg-champions-league-glory/n3s219wanflz1ri33f63i9na9 |access-date=2025-06-09 |website=www.goal.com}}</ref> As a brand, the signing of Neymar was also expected to be instrumental in promoting PSG, as well as Ligue 1, around the world.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Neymar to PSG: How it affects Ligue 1 – DW – 08/05/2017 |url=https://www.dw.com/en/neymar-to-psg-what-the-world-record-transfer-means-for-frances-ligue-1/a-39980204 |access-date=2025-06-03 |website=dw.com}}</ref> [[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]] manager [[José Mourinho]] gave his thoughts on the unprecedented transfer fee to sign Neymar: "Expensive are the ones who get into a certain level without a certain quality. For £200m, I don't think [Neymar] is expensive."<ref>{{Cite news |date=2017-08-03 |title=Neymar: Paris St-Germain sign Barcelona forward for world record 222m euros |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/40762417 |access-date=2025-06-03 |work=BBC Sport}}</ref>

The relationship between Neymar and Barcelona fans was tainted following his unexpected transfer to PSG, with some fans burning Barcelona jerseys with Neymar's name on them.<ref name=":8">{{Cite web |date=15 August 2023 |title=Neymar threw away his chance to become a Barcelona great! Saudi Arabia transfer the only option after world-record failure at PSG |url=https://www.goal.com/en/lists/neymar-threw-away-barcelona-great-saudi-arabia-transfer-psg-failure/blt4b2702bdafc3f4b3 |access-date=20 November 2023 |website=www.goal.com |archive-date=20 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231120171638/https://www.goal.com/en/lists/neymar-threw-away-barcelona-great-saudi-arabia-transfer-psg-failure/blt4b2702bdafc3f4b3 |url-status=live }}</ref> In his presentation on 17 August, Neymar said that leaving Barcelona was one of the toughest decisions in his life.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Masters |first=James |date=4 August 2017 |title=Neymar: Leaving Barcelona 'one of the toughest' decisions of my life |url=https://www.cnn.com/2017/08/04/football/neymar-paris-saint-germain/index.html |access-date=12 November 2023 |website=CNN |archive-date=9 February 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240209183230/https://www.cnn.com/2017/08/04/football/neymar-paris-saint-germain/index.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The presentation was reported to have been watched by 85 million viewers in Brazil.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Marsden |first=Rory |title=PSG Owner Says Neymar's Presentation Was Watched by 85 Million People in Brazil |url=https://bleacherreport.com/articles/2732640-psg-owner-says-neymars-presentation-was-watched-by-85-million-people-in-brazil |access-date=13 November 2023 |website=Bleacher Report |archive-date=13 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231113181817/https://bleacherreport.com/articles/2732640-psg-owner-says-neymars-presentation-was-watched-by-85-million-people-in-brazil |url-status=live }}</ref> In celebration of Neymar's transfer, the [[Eiffel Tower]] shone in the red and blue colours of PSG, with the text 'Bienvenue Neymar Jr' on display.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-08-06 |title=Eiffel Tower lights up for Neymar |url=https://www.espn.co.uk/football/story/_/id/37479547/eiffel-tower-lights-neymar-paris-saint-germain-move |access-date=2025-06-29 |website=ESPN.com |language=en}}</ref> It was the first time that this was presented for a football player.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Neymar Jr. Official |url=https://www.neymarjr.com/ |access-date=2025-06-29 |website=Neymar Jr. |language=en}}</ref> Neymar was unequivocally considered the star player of Ligue 1; [[Lille OSC|Lille]]'s general director Marc Ingla credited the presence of Neymar in Ligue 1 to potentially accelerating it into a powerhouse league in Europe, alongside the [[Premier League]] and La Liga.<ref>{{Cite web |date=3 August 2017 |title=Neymar can accelerate growth in Ligue 1, says Lille director |url=https://www.marca.com/en/football/international-football/2017/08/03/59834ff9ca4741841f8b460d.html |access-date=14 November 2023 |website=MARCA in English |archive-date=14 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231114172516/https://www.marca.com/en/football/international-football/2017/08/03/59834ff9ca4741841f8b460d.html |url-status=live }}</ref> He was given the number 10 shirt by [[Javier Pastore]] as a "welcome gift".<ref>{{cite news |last=Guérin |first=Vincent |date=3 August 2017 |title=Pastore: 'A welcome gift' |url=https://en.psg.fr/pro/article/pastore-a-welcome-gift |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170805020236/https://en.psg.fr/pro/article/pastore-a-welcome-gift |archive-date=5 August 2017 |access-date=14 September 2017 |website=PSG.fr |publisher=Paris Saint-Germain Football Club |quote=Paris Saint-Germain midfielder Javier Pastore has offered his No.10 jersey to the neo-Parisian Neymar Jr.}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=3 August 2017 |title=Neymar Jr will wear the No.10 |url=https://en.psg.fr/pro/article/neymar-jr-will-wear-the-no-10 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170914220308/https://en.psg.fr/pro/article/neymar-jr-will-wear-the-no-10 |archive-date=14 September 2017 |access-date=14 September 2017 |website=PSG.fr |publisher=Paris Saint-Germain Football Club |quote=Paris Saint-Germain's new forward Neymar Jr will wear the No.10 jersey.}}</ref>

====Contract breach lawsuit====
On 27 August 2017, Barcelona filed a lawsuit against Neymar, demanding he return the contract renewal bonus he received as well as €8.5 million in damages and an additional 10% for the arrears. They claimed they are owed money that Neymar received as part of a renewal bonus when he signed a new contract in 2016. The club also requested PSG to take on the responsibility for the payment of the fees if the player cannot do so himself.<ref>{{Cite web|title=FC Barcelona statement {{!}} FC Barcelona|url=https://www.fcbarcelona.com/club/news/2017-2018/fc-barcelona-statement-22-08-2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201111225007/https://www.fcbarcelona.com/en/news/748300/fc-barcelona-statement|archive-date=11 November 2020|access-date=23 August 2017|website=FC Barcelona}}</ref> Neymar's lawyers announced that they would contest the case.<ref>{{Cite news|date=23 August 2017|title=PSG's Neymar to contest Barcelona lawsuit over world-record move |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/41014149|url-status=live|access-date=23 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201206194758/https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/41014149|archive-date=6 December 2020}}</ref>

==== 2017–18: The new star of France, domestic treble and first of frequent injuries ====
Neymar made his debut for PSG on 13 August 2017, scoring a goal and assisting another in a 3–0 away victory over [[En Avant de Guingamp|Guingamp]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/40924357|title=Neymar feels 'more alive than ever' after scoring on PSG debut|date=14 August 2017|access-date=15 August 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170816015714/http://www.bbc.com/sport/football/40924357|archive-date=16 August 2017}}</ref> Highlighting the hype around Neymar's arrival in Paris, the match was broadcast in 183 countries.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Lopopolo |first=Anthony |date=30 December 2017 |title=Newsmaker of the year: Why 2017 belonged to Neymar |url=https://www.thescore.com/deu_fed/news/1457274 |access-date=14 November 2023 |website=theScore.com |archive-date=9 February 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240209183411/https://www.thescore.com/deu_fed/news/1457274 |url-status=live }}</ref> After the match, Neymar said, "People think that leaving Barca is to die, but it's the opposite [...] I'm more alive than ever."<ref name="ligue1.com">{{Cite web |title=Remembering Neymar: 5 key moments from his PSG career |url=https://www.ligue1.com/Articles/Legends/2023/08/17/remembering-neymar-5-key-moments-from-his-psg-career |access-date=23 November 2023 |website=Ligue1 COM |archive-date=23 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231123132015/https://www.ligue1.com/Articles/Legends/2023/08/17/remembering-neymar-5-key-moments-from-his-psg-career |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Lucas Deaux]], who marked Neymar in the match, said, "I have never seen a player like this before."<ref>{{Cite web |last=UEFA.com |date=2023-02-05 |title=Neymar goals, stats, records, claims to fame: How brilliant is the Paris star? {{!}} UEFA Champions League 2022/23 |url=https://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/news/024e-0e99612f5f48-479aef8e2056-1000--neymar-goals-stats-records-claims-to-fame-how-brilliant-is/ |access-date=2025-06-13 |website=UEFA.com }}</ref> In a 6–2 victory on 20 August, he added two more goals to his tally, as well as two assists,<ref name=":45">{{Cite web |last=Mafi |first=Nick |date=2017-08-21 |title=Neymar Snapped in His $263 Million Debut |url=https://www.gq.com/story/neymar-psg-debut |access-date=2025-06-14 |website=GQ }}</ref> in the following Ligue 1 fixture against [[Toulouse FC|Toulouse]].<ref>{{cite news|date=20 August 2017 |title=Neymar at the double as PSG hit back to thump Toulouse|publisher=[[Eurosport]]|url=http://www.eurosport.com/football/neymar-at-the-double-as-psg-hit-back-to-thump-toulouse_sto6295474/story.shtml|access-date=21 August 2017}}</ref> His second goal was described by ''[[Sky Sports News]]'' as "a sensational individual dribble that saw him take on the entire Toulouse defence, and beating them, before finding the back of the net".<ref>{{Cite news |title=Neymar's solo stunner helps PSG beat Toulouse |url=http://www.skysports.com/football/news/11800/10998829/neymars-solo-stunner-helps-psg-beat-toulouse |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170824222218/http://www.skysports.com/football/news/11800/10998829/neymars-solo-stunner-helps-psg-beat-toulouse |archive-date=24 August 2017 |access-date=2025-06-06 |work=Sky Sports |url-status=live }}</ref> Neymar's performance was also described as "a one‑man wrecking crew".<ref name=":45" /> NBA star [[Stephen Curry]], who was invited to the match, gave his view on Neymar: "Every time he's on the pitch, you know something is going to happen. There are plenty of similarities between the way he plays and the way I play."<ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-08-25 |title=PSG introduce another costly star: Steph Curry |url=https://www.espn.co.uk/football/story/_/id/37480831/steph-curry-takes-part-ceremonial-first-kick-psg-game |access-date=2025-06-03 |website=ESPN.com}}</ref>

On 17 September, a penalty-set piece dispute between Neymar and Uruguayan striker [[Edinson Cavani]] took place in a league match against [[Olympique Lyonnais|Lyon]].<ref name=":46">{{Cite news |last=Davis |first=Callum |date=2017-09-18 |title=Tempers flare at PSG as Neymar and Edinson Cavani argue over set-piece duties |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/football/2017/09/18/tempers-flare-psg-neymar-edinson-cavani-argue-set-piece-duties/ |access-date=2025-06-14 |work=The Telegraph |issn=0307-1235}}</ref> During the 2–0 win, Alves grabbed the ball from Cavani to give it to Neymar for a free-kick. Later, Neymar tried to claim the penalty spot, but this time Cavani insisted and took it—only to have it saved. Cameras captured a brief on-field spat, including Cavani telling Neymar: "Do I look like Messi?".<ref name=":46" /> Reports suggested that Neymar and Cavani had to be separated after the match.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Sport |first=Telegraph |date=2017-09-19 |title='Le Clash': Neymar and Edinson Cavani 'kept apart in PSG dressing room after penalty kick row' |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/football/2017/09/19/le-clash-neymar-edinson-cavani-kept-apart-psg-dressing-room/ |access-date=2025-06-14 |work=The Telegraph |issn=0307-1235}}</ref> Neymar scored against rivals [[Olympique de Marseille|Marseille]] in his first ''[[Le Classique]]'', on 22 October, but was sent off—the first time in his PSG career.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-04-15 |title=PSG 2017-18: Neymar's highs and lows in a title-winning season |url=https://www.fourfourtwo.com/news/psg-2017-18-neymars-highs-and-lows-a-title-winning-season |access-date=2025-07-05 |website=FourFourTwo |language=en}}</ref> Forming a prolific attacking trio alongside teenage French prodigy [[Kylian Mbappé]] and Cavani, Neymar scored one each in PSG's two opening games of the [[2017–18 UEFA Champions League group stage|2017–18 Champions League group stage]], with the team winning 5–0 at [[Celtic F.C.|Celtic]] and 3–0 at home over [[FC Bayern Munich|Bayern Munich]] respectively.<ref>{{cite news|date=12 September 2017|title=MBAPPE CREATES CHAMPIONS LEAGUE HISTORY WITH GOAL FOR PSG AGAINST CELTIC |work=Goal |url=http://www.goal.com/en/news/mbappe-creates-champions-league-history-with-goal-for-psg/1fq7caitbaofg1npeqftd4n1e7|url-status=live|access-date=29 September 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201018235427/https://www.goal.com/en/news/mbappe-creates-champions-league-history-with-goal-for-psg/1fq7caitbaofg1npeqftd4n1e7|archive-date=18 October 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=30 September 2017|title=PSG 3 Bayern Munich 0: Kylian Mbappe, Edinson Cavani and Neymar star in Champions League heavyweight battle|work=London Evening Standard|url=https://www.standard.co.uk/sport/football/psg-3-bayern-munich-0-champions-league-kylian-mbappe-edinson-cavani-neymar-star-a3645456.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210108151300/https://www.standard.co.uk/sport/football/psg-3-bayern-munich-0-champions-league-kylian-mbappe-edinson-cavani-neymar-star-a3645456.html|archive-date=8 January 2021}}</ref> In the return leg against Celtic at home, Neymar was "at his brilliant best", being the creative force as he scored twice and assisted once in PSG's 7–1 win.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Dawson |first=Alan |title=Neymar scored 2 goals and 'toyed' with Celtic in a landslide 7-1 win, then paid homage to Floyd Mayweather after the match |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/neymar-scored-2-goals-and-toyed-with-celtic-in-a-landslide-7-1-win-2017-11 |access-date=2025-06-06 |website=Business Insider }}</ref> In the Champions League group stage, comparing the previous season to this season, PSG went from 13 goals to 25, whereas Barcelona dropped from 20 to nine goals scored.<ref>{{Cite news |last=sport |first=Guardian |date=2017-12-19 |title=The 100 best footballers in the world 2017 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/ng-interactive/2017/dec/19/the-100-best-footballers-in-the-world-2017-interactive |access-date=2025-07-05 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> [[File:El-Ghazi vs Neymar (cropped).jpg|thumb|245x245px|Neymar playing for PSG against [[LOSC Lille|Lille]] in February 2018. At PSG, he was allowed to flourish as a free-roaming [[Playmaker|number 10]].]]

Neymar finished in third place in the [[2017 Ballon d'Or]] and the [[FIFA The Best|FIFA The Best Mens Player]] awards.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2017-10-23 |title=Best Fifa Football Awards 2017: Who picked who? |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/41728853 |access-date=2025-06-06 |work=BBC Sport }}</ref> In the same year, he was ranked the third-best footballer in the world by ''[[The Guardian]]''.<ref name=":58" /> All three awards rankings were behind [[Messi–Ronaldo rivalry|Messi and Ronaldo]].<ref name=":58">{{Cite news |last=sport |first=Guardian |title=The 100 best footballers in the world 2017 |url=http://www.theguardian.com/football/ng-interactive/2017/dec/19/the-100-best-footballers-in-the-world-2017-interactive |access-date=20 November 2023 |website=the Guardian |date=19 December 2017 |archive-date=20 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231220015739/https://www.theguardian.com/football/ng-interactive/2017/dec/19/the-100-best-footballers-in-the-world-2017-interactive |url-status=live }}</ref> Early in the new year, there were reports speculating that Real Madrid were going to sign Neymar at the end of the season.<ref name=":60">{{Cite web |date=2018-01-27 |title=Transfer News: Neymar plays down Real Madrid talk: I'm happy with my team-mates |url=https://www.goal.com/en/news/neymar-plays-down-real-madrid-talk-im-happy-with-my-team-mates/1bno1m3ucr2kk19tr019bujte4 |access-date=2025-07-05 |website=www.goal.com }}</ref> Neymar played down these rumours, saying that he was happy at PSG and wanted to make history at the club.<ref name=":60" /> On 17 January 2018, Neymar displayed one of his greatest career performances, scoring four goals and assisting two in an 8–0 thrashing of [[Dijon FCO|Dijon]] in the league.<ref name=":32" /> Neymar's third goal was an excellent solo goal, where he started from the byline squeezing past two opponents before going on to dribble past another two and scoring from just inside the box.<ref>{{Cite web |author1=James Kilpatrick |date=2018-01-18 |title=Watch: Neymar skips by four players to score excellent solo goal against Dijon |url=https://www.fourfourtwo.com/features/watch-neymar-skips-four-players-score-excellent-solo-goal-against-dijon |access-date=2025-06-07 |website=FourFourTwo }}</ref> He became only the second player to ever earn a 10 rating from ''[[L'Équipe|L'Equipe]]'' for a league match performance.<ref name=":32">{{Cite web |date=2018-03-01 |title=Recapping Neymar's eventful debut season at PSG |url=https://www.espn.co.uk/football/story/_/id/37492214/neymars-eventful-debut-season-psg-full-highs-lows-plenty-drama |access-date=2025-06-06 |website=ESPN.com }}</ref> With six goal involvements against Dijon, this was also the most goal involvements in a Ligue 1 match since [[Opta Sports|Opta]] records began.<ref name="France">{{Cite web |last=France |first=Paris Saint-Germain have agreed new terms with their number 10 and the Opta data shows just how effective Neymar has been in |title=Neymar in numbers: Goals, assists and fouls as |url=https://www.beinsports.com/en-my/football/ligue-1/articles/neymar-in-numbers-goals-assists-and-fouls-a-7 |access-date=2025-06-13 |website=beIN SPORTS -asia}}</ref> On 14 February, against Real Madrid at the Santiago Bernabéu in the first leg of the Champions League round of 16, Neymar was "the chief tormentor of the Real Madrid defence" and assisted [[Adrien Rabiot]]'s opening goal, but PSG lost 3–1.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Real Madrid 3-1 Paris Saint-Germain: Cristiano Ronaldo hits century for Real as holders take charge |url=https://www.skysports.com/football/news/11945/11250644/real-madrid-3-1-paris-saint-germain-cristiano-ronaldo-hits-century-for-real-as-holders-take-charge |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190716182947/https://www.skysports.com/football/news/11945/11250644/real-madrid-3-1-paris-saint-germain-cristiano-ronaldo-hits-century-for-real-as-holders-take-charge |archive-date=16 July 2019 |access-date=2025-06-29 |work=Sky Sports |language=en |url-status=live }}</ref> During a 3–0 defeat of Marseille on 25 February, he fractured the [[fifth metatarsal bone]] in his right foot. He travelled to [[Belo Horizonte]] and underwent a successful operation on his foot.<ref>{{cite web|date=4 March 2018|title=Neymar leaves hospital after 'successful' surgery on injured foot|url=http://www.skysports.com/football/news/11820/11273967/neymar-has-successful-surgery-on-injured-foot|url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180905211249/http://www.skysports.com/football/news/11820/11273967/neymar-has-successful-surgery-on-injured-foot |archive-date=5 September 2018|access-date=4 March 2018 |work=Sky Sports}}</ref>

Despite failing to make another appearance for PSG while recovering from the injury, Neymar consequently ended his [[2017–18 Paris Saint-Germain F.C. season|first season]] in Paris with 28 goals in 30 matches, including six goals and four assists<ref name="UEFA.com">{{Cite web |last=UEFA.com |title=The official website for European football |url=https://www.uefa.com/errors/ |access-date=2025-06-04 |website=UEFA.com }}</ref> in 7 Champions League matches.<ref>{{Cite web|date=28 February 2018|title=Neymar: Paris St-Germain's injured forward out for 'six to eight weeks'|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/43205895|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201109004500/https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/43205895|archive-date=9 November 2020|access-date=14 January 2021|website=BBC Sport}}</ref> He won the [[domestic treble]] of the Ligue 1, [[Coupe de France]], and [[Coupe de la Ligue]] titles,<ref>{{Cite web |date=15 April 2018 |title=PSG wrap up Ligue 1 title with Monaco win | Goal.com |url=https://www.goal.com/en-my/news/psg-clinch-ligue-1-title-by-thrashing-monaco/1ty70ovdroka415jkim9oc0zsj |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201114200332/https://www.goal.com/en-my |archive-date=14 November 2020 |access-date=15 April 2018 |website=[[Goal (website)|Goal]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=8 May 2018 |title=Paris Saint-Germain set record with fourth straight Coupe De France crown |url=https://www.goal.com/en-ng/news/paris-saint-germain-set-record-with-fourth-straight-coupe-de/1ubb1rik0lw6b1pwatka3l5nh6 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201214105509/https://www.goal.com/en-ng/amp/news/paris-saint-germain-set-record-with-fourth-straight-coupe-de/1ubb1rik0lw6b1pwatka3l5nh6 |archive-date=14 December 2020 |access-date=8 May 2018 |website=[[Goal (website)|Goal]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=31 March 2018 |title=Mbappé stars as PSG beat Monaco to lift cup |work=Ligue1 |url=https://www.ligue1.com/Articles/NEWS/2020/01/26/mbappe-stars-as-psg-beat-monaco-to-lift-cup |access-date=15 January 2021 |publisher=Ligue 1}}</ref> being focal to PSG retrieving the Ligue 1 title following [[AS Monaco FC|Monaco]]'s triumph in the previous season. This was one of the greatest seasons of his career; he had become the driving force for PSG in similar fashion to Messi's position at Barcelona.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Rutzler |first=Peter |date=2023-08-18 |title=Neymar and PSG: Was it all worth it? |url=https://www.nytimes.com/athletic/4777471/2023/08/15/neymar-psg-saudi-exit/ |access-date=2025-06-05 |work=The New York Times |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> A testament to the success of Neymar's debut season, he received the [[Ligue 1 Player of the Year]] award.<ref>{{cite web |title=Neymar named Ligue 1 Player of Year as PSG dominate |url=http://www.goal.com/en-gb/news/neymar-named-ligue-1-player-of-the-year-as-psg-dominate/6nc1rt5tr1ug1g0sbb8gclr4w |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191026115818/https://www.goal.com/en-gb/news/neymar-named-ligue-1-player-of-the-year-as-psg-dominate/6nc1rt5tr1ug1g0sbb8gclr4w |archive-date=26 October 2019 |access-date=13 July 2018 |work=Goal}}</ref> In just 20 games in Ligue 1, he scored 19 goals and was also the Ligue 1 top assist provider, with 13 assists.<ref name=":39">{{Cite web |last=go? |first=Despite their star man being out with an injured foot PSG have claimed the Ligue 1 title-but how did Neymar's first season at the club |title=PSG 2017-18: Neymar's highs and lows in a titl |url=https://www.beinsports.com/en-my/football/ligue-1/articles/psg-2017-18-neymars-highs-and-lows-in-a-tit-7 |access-date=2025-06-10 |website=beIN SPORTS -asia}}</ref> He was named in the Ligue 1 [[Trophées UNFP du football#Team of the Year|Team of the Year]] and was included in the [[European Sports Media]] (ESM) Team of the Season for 2017–18, a recognition compiled by the likes of ''[[France Football]]'', ''[[La Gazzetta dello Sport]]'' and ''[[Marca (newspaper)|Marca]]''.<ref name="AZ2018">{{cite web |url=http://cafe.daum.net/ASMONACOFC/gAUc/1268375 |title=ESM Top-Elf: Ein Bayern-Star in Europas Elite |work=Abendzeitung |language=ko |access-date=22 June 2018}}</ref><ref name=":6" /> Despite missing the final three months of the season, Neymar was ranked number 6 in [[ESPN]]'s year-end Power Rankings of the best players of the season across all leagues.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-05-21 |title=Power Rankings: Could anyone catch Messi in 2017-18? |url=https://www.espn.co.uk/football/story/_/id/37496855/lionel-messi-was-unparalleled-2017-18-topping-year-end-power-rankings |access-date=2025-07-09 |website=ESPN.com |language=en}}</ref>

==== 2018–19: Brazil's all-time top scorer in the Champions League, second Ligue 1 title and off the field controversies ====

On 4 August, PSG defeated Monaco 4–0 to win the [[Trophée des Champions]], with Neymar featuring for 15 minutes.<ref>{{cite web |date=4 August 2018 |title=PSG thrash Monaco to win French Super Cup as Neymar plays 15 minutes |url=https://www.espn.com/soccer/report?gameId=511012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200327164018/https://www.espn.com/soccer/report?gameId=511012 |archive-date=27 March 2020 |access-date=4 August 2018 |publisher=ESPN}}</ref> On 12 August 2018, Neymar scored PSG's opening league goal of the [[2018–19 Paris Saint-Germain F.C. season|2018–19 season]] in a 3–0 win over [[Stade Malherbe Caen|Caen]] at Parc des Princes.<ref>{{cite news|date=13 August 2018|title=Neymar: Paris St-Germain striker scores as his side open Ligue 1 season with 3–0 win over Caen|work=BBC Sport |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/45163002|url-status=live|access-date=13 August 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201020224533/https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/45163002|archive-date=20 October 2020}}</ref> Neymar scored from a penalty in his next game as PSG won 3–1 against [[En Avant de Guingamp|Guingamp]] in Ligue 1.<ref>{{cite news|date=18 August 2018|title=Mbappe scores twice in Lique 1 return to seal PSG fight-back|work=BBC Sport|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/45228476|url-status=live|access-date=19 August 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191202235645/https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/45228476|archive-date=2 December 2019}}</ref> In the following league game, on 25 August, the front three of Neymar, [[Kylian Mbappé|Mbappé]] and Cavani all scored in a 3–1 win over [[Angers SCO|Angers]] at home, with Neymar scoring from Mbappé's cut back and setting up Cavani to score the opener.<ref>{{cite news|date=25 August 2018|title=Cavani, Mbappe & Neymar all score as PSG maintain 100% start |work=BBC Sport |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/45310948|url-status=live|access-date=26 August 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201211025811/https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/45310948|archive-date=11 December 2020}}</ref> [[Liverpool F.C.|Liverpool]] manager [[Jürgen Klopp]] drew attention to the threat of Neymar ahead of PSG's first match against Liverpool of the Champions League group stage on 18 September: "We'll try to avoid passes to him. We'll try to avoid him winning challenges [...] I'm not sure if it's even 100 per cent possible to avoid his quality [...] He's a fantastic footballer, an outstanding player."<ref>{{Cite web |last=O'Callaghan |first=Rory |date=17 September 2018 |title=Jurgen Klopp says Liverpool could struggle to contain Neymar |url=https://www.skysports.com/football/news/11669/11500679/jurgen-klopp-says-liverpool-could-struggle-to-contain-neymar |website=[[Sky Sports News]]}}</ref> In the match, Neymar set up Mbappé's equaliser to make it 2–2, but Liverpool ultimately beat PSG 3–2 with a late goal.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Liverpool 3-2 PSG (18 Sep, 2018) Final Score - ESPN (UK) |url=https://www.espn.co.uk/football/match/_/gameId/526506/paris-saint-germain-liverpool |access-date=2025-06-08 |website=ESPN }}</ref>[[File:Neymar 2018 (cropped).jpg|thumb|333x333px|Neymar during the Champions League pre-match warm up against [[Red Star Belgrade]] in December 2018|left]]In an article from 2 October, Nico Morales of ''[[The Athletic]]'' observed that at PSG, Neymar's occupancy in central areas helped accentuate his ability as a creator, becoming a better player.<ref name=":21">{{Cite news |last=Morales |first=Nico |date=2018-10-02 |title=The Neymar conundrum: At PSG he has become more of a threat on offense and more of a liability on defense |url=https://www.nytimes.com/athletic/563805/2018/10/02/the-neymar-conundrum-at-psg-he-has-become-more-of-a-threat-on-offense-and-more-of-a-liability-on-defense/ |access-date=2025-06-04 |work=The New York Times |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> Morales further said that instead of being a threat solely in wide areas like he was during his time at Barcelona, Neymar was now able to showcase his "world-class" ability as a playmaker.<ref name=":21" /> The following day, 3 October, Neymar scored a hattrick in a 6–1 win over [[Red Star Belgrade]] in a [[2018–19 UEFA Champions League|Champions League]] group stage fixture, scoring two free kicks.<ref>{{cite news|date=3 October 2018|title=Neymar scores a hattrick as PSG beat Red Star Belgrade 6–1|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/45737151|url-status=live|access-date=30 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190626184440/https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/45737151|archive-date=26 June 2019}}</ref> On 28 November, Neymar showcased an impressive performance in the second match against Liverpool, in which he scored PSG's second goal in their 2–1 win.<ref name=":25">{{Cite news |last=Ronay |first=Barney |date=2018-11-29 |title=Neymar, the great individualist of the age, gives less to provide more for PSG |url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/blog/2018/nov/29/neymar-paris-saint-germain-liverpool-champions-league |access-date=2025-06-06 |work=The Guardian |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> [[Barney Ronay]] of ''The Guardian'' described it as his "most effective high-profile performance since his Barcelona days".<ref name=":25" /> Having scored his 31st goal in the Champions League, Neymar also surpassed Kaká (30) as Brazil's all-time top scorer in the Champions League.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-11-28 |title=PSG news: Neymar surpasses Kaka to set Champions League record |url=https://www.goal.com/en-gb/news/neymar-surpasses-kaka-to-set-champions-league-record/1ecfmx6y2qqp1bqng22o4gtdy |access-date=2025-07-01 |website=www.goal.com}}</ref> In the away fixture against Red Star Belgrade on 11 December, which ended with a 4–1 victory for PSG,<ref>{{Cite web |title=PSG 4-1 Red Star (Dec 11, 2018) Final Score |url=https://www.espn.com/soccer/match/_/gameId/526424/paris-saint-germain-red-star-belgrade |access-date=2025-06-15 |website=ESPN }}</ref> Neymar scored an impressive goal: he cut into the area from the left, got past two defenders and feinted a shot past the goalkeeper before scoring.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-12-11 |title=PSG Beats Red Star Belgrade to Win Champions League Group |url=https://www.si.com/soccer/2018/12/11/psg-red-star-belgrade-champions-league-goals-video-neymar-mbappe-cavani |access-date=2025-06-15 |website=SI }}</ref>

Neymar suffered a foot injury in late January 2019 that kept him out of his side's Champions League round of 16 tie against Manchester United.<ref>{{cite news|last=Mather|first=Victor|date=28 January 2019|title=P.S.G.'s Neymar Joins Growing Champions League Injury List|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/01/28/sports/neymar-champions-league-psg.html|url-status=live|access-date=8 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201108010844/https://www.nytimes.com/2019/01/28/sports/neymar-champions-league-psg.html|archive-date=8 November 2020}}</ref> After United eliminated PSG, Neymar went on social media to insult video review officials for awarding a stoppage-time penalty to United; UEFA banned him for three matches for the insult.<ref name="APgoad" /> On 27 April, Neymar scored in the [[2019 Coupe de France Final]] against Rennes, but Rennes made a comeback and won on penalties. After the match, Neymar was caught on video appearing to punch a spectator in the face.<ref name="goalpunch">{{cite web |last1=Bairner |first1=Robin |date=1 May 2019 |title=Will Neymar be banned for fan punch? PSG star's possible sanctions |url=https://www.goal.com/en/news/will-neymar-be-banned-for-fan-punch-psg-stars-possible/1etvzvcw0pp2f1b3nhc8z124zz |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190504075248/https://www.goal.com/en/news/will-neymar-be-banned-for-fan-punch-psg-stars-possible/1etvzvcw0pp2f1b3nhc8z124zz |archive-date=4 May 2019 |access-date=4 May 2019 |website=[[goal.com]]}}</ref> The spectator had been filming and insulting PSG players. PSG said they supported Neymar "100 percent" over the incident.<ref name="APgoad">{{cite web |last=Pugmire |first=Jerome |title=Neymar appears to aim punch at fan goading him after defeat |url=https://www.apnews.com/f36fd5d49a0e4e6f83f3f5fb3ee3f7f5 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201219103441/https://apnews.com/f36fd5d49a0e4e6f83f3f5fb3ee3f7f5 |archive-date=19 December 2020 |access-date=4 May 2019 |website=[[Associated Press]] |date=28 April 2019}}</ref> Neymar admitted he was wrong, but argued that neither he nor anyone else could have stayed indifferent. PSG coach [[Thomas Tuchel]] responded: "It's not easy to climb the stairs after a defeat. If we lose, we must show respect. You can't come into conflict with a spectator."<ref name="goalpunch" /> Nevertheless, Neymar won his second league title with PSG.<ref>{{cite web |date=21 April 2019 |title=PSG Champions as Lille held at Toulouse |url=https://www.ligue1.com/ligue1/article/psg-champions-as-lille-held-at-toulouse.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190626220236/https://www.ligue1.com/ligue1/article/psg-champions-as-lille-held-at-toulouse.htm |archive-date=26 June 2019 |access-date=21 April 2019 |website=www.ligue1.com}}</ref> Despite only playing 17 league matches, he was also named in the Ligue 1 Team of the Year for the second consecutive year.<ref name=":7" />

Controversy was also caused by Neymar adopting more of a "pop star" lifestyle since he arrived at PSG, including being often involved in [[Paris Fashion Week]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=joe.andrews |title=Neymar & David Beckham at Paris Fashion Week |url=https://www.soccerbible.com/news/2018/01/neymar-david-beckham-at-paris-fashion-week/ |access-date=2025-06-08 |website=SoccerBible }}</ref> Neymar previously hung out with comedian [[Kevin Hart]] and [[National Basketball Association|NBA]] player [[Jimmy Butler]] for an event at the French restaurant Matignon.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Neymar meets up with Kevin Hart and Minnesota Timberwolves star Jimmy Butler in Paris{{!}} All Football |url=https://m.allfootballapp.com/news/La-Liga/Neymar-meets-up-with-Kevin-Hart-and-Minnesota-Timberwolves-star-Jimmy-Butler-in-Paris/767475 |access-date=2025-06-08 |website=AllfootballOfficial }}</ref> At the end of the 2018-19 season, Neymar skipped Ligue 1's [[Trophées UNFP du football|end-of-season awards]] ceremony to party with singer [[Rihanna]], causing Mbappé to demand more responsibility within the PSG squad.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-09-03 |title=Neymar's failed Barca move: The definitive story |url=https://www.espn.co.uk/football/story/_/id/37576193/definitive-story-biggest-transfer-happen |access-date=2025-06-08 |website=ESPN.com }}</ref> This resulted in disappointment by the PSG hierarchy, and some considered this change in lifestyle to be a distraction from his football career.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sport |date=2019-07-01 |title=PSG are upset with Neymar's 'pop star' lifestyle away from football |url=https://www.sport.es/en/news/barca/psg-are-upset-with-neymars-pop-star-lifestyle-away-from-football-7530505 |access-date=2025-06-08 |website=sport }}</ref> Neymar was not included on the 30-man shortlist for the [[2019 Ballon d'Or]], the first time since 2010 that he was not nominated for the award.<ref name=":35">{{Cite web |date=2019-10-22 |title=Ballon d'Or organisers reveal why Neymar was left off the shortlist |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/football/ballon-d-or-2019-shortlist-neymar-left-off-psg-france-football-lionel-messi-virgil-van-dijk-cristiano-ronaldo-a9165921.html |access-date=2025-07-01 |website=The Independent |language=en}}</ref> ''France Football'', the organiser of the award, stated that the reason for this was because he had a "black year" (injuries and the several off the field issues).<ref name=":35" />

==== Potential return to Barcelona ====
In July 2019, Neymar was absent from training with PSG, with the club talking disciplinary action.<ref>{{cite news |date=8 July 2019 |title=Neymar: Brazil forward fails to attend PSG pre-season training |work=BBC Sport |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/48915199 |url-status=live |access-date=8 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201129025815/https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/48915199 |archive-date=29 November 2020}}</ref> Neymar wanted to leave PSG as he felt referees never protected him, there was jealousy towards him from some dressing room team-mates, fans did not appreciate his talent showcased in PSG and sections of the French media were against him.<ref name=":9">{{Cite web |title=Neymar: Why did he choose to remain at Paris Saint-Germain? |url=https://www.skysports.com/app/transfer/news/11820/11801047/neymar-why-did-he-choose-to-remain-at-paris-saint-germain |access-date=20 November 2023 |website=SkySports |archive-date=20 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231120180409/https://www.skysports.com/app/transfer/news/11820/11801047/neymar-why-did-he-choose-to-remain-at-paris-saint-germain |url-status=live }}</ref>

According to ''Sky Sports News'', Neymar was prepared to pay €20m of his own money to PSG in five instalments to facilitate a move to Barcelona. On 27 August 2019, both clubs met to discuss Neymar's situation, but according to PSG sporting director [[Leonardo Araújo|Leonardo]], Barcelona's only written offer came during the meeting, which was not enough and PSG refused.<ref name=":9" /> Three days later, on 30 August, an offer was made in writing from Neymar to PSG general manager [[Jean-Claude Blanc]]. Neymar's offer was dismissed by PSG because of French football federation regulations,<ref name=":9" /> and he ultimately agreed to stay at PSG after the talks to return to Barcelona broke down.<ref name=":10">{{cite news |date=1 September 2019 |title=Neymar: Paris Saint-Germain forward agrees to stay after Barcelona talks break down |work=Sky Sports |url=https://www.skysports.com/football/news/11820/11799320/neymar-paris-saint-germain-forward-agrees-to-stay-after-barcelona-talks-break-down |url-status=live |access-date=6 September 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201107233653/https://www.skysports.com/football/news/11820/11799320/neymar-paris-saint-germain-forward-agrees-to-stay-after-barcelona-talks-break-down |archive-date=7 November 2020}}</ref> ''Sky Sports News'' also reported that Real Madrid were interested in signing Neymar throughout the transfer window.<ref name=":10" />

==== 2019–20: Best player in the world debates, second domestic treble and leading PSG to first Champions League final ====
[[File:Neymar vs Lille (cropped).jpg|thumb|220x220px|Neymar before converting a penalty against Lille in January 2020 |left]]
The long drawn-out, but ultimately unsuccessful, transfer speculation of Neymar moving back to Barcelona caused tensions in Paris.<ref name=":34">{{Cite web |last=Klosok |first=Aleks |date=2020-08-11 |title=Why it's now or never for Neymar |url=https://www.cnn.com/2020/08/11/football/neymar-psg-champions-league-brazil-cmd-spt-intl |access-date=2025-06-08 |website=CNN }}</ref> On 14 September, his first appearance for PSG in the [[2019–20 Paris Saint-Germain F.C. season|2019–20 season]], Neymar was relentlessly booed for 90 minutes before scoring a "sublime" [[bicycle kick]] in injury time to win 1–0 against [[RC Strasbourg Alsace|Strasbourg]] in Ligue 1.<ref name=":34" /><ref>{{cite news|date=14 September 2019 |title=Last-gasp win!|publisher=Paris Saint-Germain F.C.|url=https://en.psg.fr/teams/first-team/content/last-gasp-win|url-status=live|access-date=15 September 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200710000245/https://en.psg.fr/teams/first-team/content/last-gasp-win|archive-date=10 July 2020}}</ref> One week later, he again scored a late winner, as PSG defeated Lyon 1–0 at the [[Parc Olympique Lyonnais]].<ref>{{cite web|date=23 September 2019 |title=Lyon 0–1 Paris St-Germain|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/49783196|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200814174359/https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/49783196|archive-date=14 August 2020|access-date=25 July 2020| website=BBC}}</ref> Neymar suffered a hamstring injury in October while on international duty with Brazil,<ref>{{cite web|date=14 October 2019|title=Neymar out 4 Weeks with Hamstring Injury; Expected to Miss PSG's Next 6 Matches|url=https://bleacherreport.com/articles/2857855-neymar-out-4-weeks-with-hamstring-injury-expected-to-miss-psgs-next-6-matches|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200725172027/https://bleacherreport.com/articles/2857855-neymar-out-4-weeks-with-hamstring-injury-expected-to-miss-psgs-next-6-matches|archive-date=25 July 2020|access-date=25 July 2020|publisher=Bleacher Report}}</ref> and returned to play for PSG during their [[2019–20 UEFA Champions League group stage|Champions League]] group stage match against Real Madrid on 26 November in a 2–2 draw. Despite not scoring, Neymar was vital, adding dimension to PSG's attacking threat.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-11-26 |title=PSG vs. Real Madrid score: Neymar guides comeback; Bale nearly scores dramatic Champions League winner |url=https://www.cbssports.com/soccer/news/psg-vs-real-madrid-score-neymar-guides-comeback-bale-nearly-scores-dramatic-champions-league-winner/live/ |access-date=2025-07-05 |website=CBSSports.com |language=en}}</ref>

Neymar won his third league title after PSG were awarded Ligue 1 as the season finished early due to the [[COVID-19 pandemic]].<ref>{{cite news |date=30 April 2020 |title=Ligue 1: Paris St-Germain awarded French title as season finished early |publisher=BBC Sport |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/52484926 |url-status=live |access-date=30 April 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201107084148/https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/52484926 |archive-date=7 November 2020}}</ref> In his first 50 matches in Ligue 1, Neymar scored 46 goals, nearly matching the record of Marseille's [[Gunnar Andersson (footballer)|Gunnar Andersson]] with 47 in the early 1950s.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ligue 1's all-time top 5 Brazilians |url=https://www.ligue1.com/Articles/Opinion/2020/03/28/neymar-ronaldinho-juninho-rai-vitorino-hilton-ligue-1-s-top-5-brazilians |access-date=14 November 2023 |website=Ligue1 |archive-date=14 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231114175247/https://www.ligue1.com/Articles/Opinion/2020/03/28/neymar-ronaldinho-juninho-rai-vitorino-hilton-ligue-1-s-top-5-brazilians |url-status=live}}</ref> On 24 July 2020, in PSG's first professional game back after the pandemic, Neymar scored his side's lone goal in a 1–0 win over [[AS Saint-Étienne|Saint-Étienne]] in the [[2020 Coupe de France Final|Coupe de France Final]], winning his second Coupe de France title with the club.<ref name="CDF 2020">{{cite news |date=24 July 2020 |title=PSG edge ASSE for Coupe de France win! |url=https://www.ligue1.com/Articles/OTHER-COMPETITIONS/2020/07/25/psg-edge-asse-for-coupe-de-france-win |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201103014938/https://www.ligue1.com/Articles/OTHER-COMPETITIONS/2020/07/25/psg-edge-asse-for-coupe-de-france-win |archive-date=3 November 2020 |access-date=25 July 2020 |website=ligue1.com}}</ref> On 31 July, PSG won the [[2020 Coupe de la Ligue Final]] 6–5 on [[Penalty shoot-out (association football)|penalties]] over Lyon, following a 0–0 draw after [[Overtime (sports)#Association football|extra time]], which saw the side complete a domestic treble, with Neymar netting one of the penalties in the shoot-out.<ref name="BBC Sport">{{cite news|date=31 July 2020|title=Paris St-Germain beat Lyon in French League Cup final for another treble|publisher=BBC Sport |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/53617357|url-status=live|access-date=31 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201116164005/https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/53617357|archive-date=16 November 2020}}</ref>

Neymar was greatly influential in the knockout stages of the Champions League, dictating play and being at the core of attack. He scored in both legs of PSG's round of 16 win over [[Borussia Dortmund]], which took place before the impact of COVID-19 on the season.<ref name=":38">{{Cite web |date=2020-08-24 |title='Neymar was the most disappointing' - PSG star 'seemed tense' during Champions League final, says Fournier |url=https://www.goal.com/en-gb/news/neymar-disappointing-psg-star-tense-champions-league-final-fournier/1d5bzw4gxuxdy1cbanky5ivz1s |access-date=2025-06-09 |website=www.goal.com}}</ref> Prior to the Champions League quarter-final against [[Atalanta B.C.|Atalanta]] on 12 August, Neymar said, "I am in my best form since I arrived in Paris", further saying, "We want to win the Champions League title. We will fight because we have never been so close."<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-08-05 |title='I am in my best form since I arrived at PSG' - Neymar ready to 'fight' for Champions League |url=https://www.goal.com/en-gb/news/i-am-in-my-best-form-since-i-arrived-at-psg---neymar-ready-to-fight-for-champions-league/gxzsdx7iykrm1j6q3hk9hxsro |access-date=2025-06-10 |website=www.goal.com}}</ref> In the match, he assisted the equalising goal in injury time in an eventual 2–1 win.<ref>{{cite web|date=13 August 2020|title=Atalanta dealt cruelest of exits by PSG late show|work=AS.com |url=https://en.as.com/en/2020/08/12/football/1597255022_750607.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201208204706/https://en.as.com/en/2020/08/12/football/1597255022_750607.html|archive-date=8 December 2020|access-date=24 August 2020}}</ref> As a result of his performance in the match, the [[BBC]] published an article the following day titled 'Neymar: Is he now the best player in the world?'.<ref name=":17">{{Cite news |date=13 August 2020 |title=Neymar: Is he now the best player in the world? |work=BBC Newsround |url=https://www.bbc.com/newsround/53736391 |access-date=15 November 2023 |archive-date=9 February 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240209183253/https://www.bbc.co.uk/newsround/53736391 |url-status=live }}</ref> In the semi-final against [[RB Leipzig]], he assisted one goal in a 3–0 victory, which saw PSG reach the [[2020 UEFA Champions League Final|Champions League final]] for the first time in their history.<ref>{{cite web|date=18 August 2020|title=RB Leipzig 0-3 Paris St-Germain: PSG reach first Champions League final|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/53759778|url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200904130058/https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/53759778|archive-date=4 September 2020|access-date=24 August 2020|publisher=BBC Sport}}</ref> ''Marca'' were also praiseful of Neymar, considering him the most decisive and the best player in the world following his "masterclass" performances leading up to the final.<ref name=":18">{{Cite web |date=18 August 2020 |title=Neymar is the most decisive player in the world |url=https://www.marca.com/en/football/international-football/2020/08/19/5f3c54a2268e3e9f428b4584.html |access-date=15 November 2023 |website=MARCA in English |archive-date=19 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200819041802/https://www.marca.com/en/football/international-football/2020/08/19/5f3c54a2268e3e9f428b4584.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Former long-time Arsenal manager [[Arsène Wenger]] described Neymar as “the best player in the world at the moment”.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Cunningham |first=Sam |date=2020-08-24 |title=Neymar arrived like a king but left in tears... how PSG's superstars fluffed their lines |url=https://inews.co.uk/sport/football/neymar-crying-tears-paris-saint-germain-champions-league-final-2020-bayern-munich-600948 |access-date=2025-08-04 |website=The i Paper |language=en-US}}</ref>

A sports journalist highlighted that by guiding PSG to the final, Neymar accomplished what earlier club marque signings, such as [[Zlatan Ibrahimović]], could not do.<ref>{{Cite web |last=read |first=Doug McIntyre·3 min |date=2020-08-18 |title=Champions League: Neymar leads Paris Saint-Germain past RB Leipzig and into its first final (video) |url=https://sports.yahoo.com/champions-league-neymar-leads-paris-saint-germain-past-rb-leipzig-and-into-its-first-final-video-212019644.html |access-date=2025-07-07 |website=Yahoo Sports |language=en-US}}</ref> Manager Tuchel praised Neymar as a "leader" during the run to the [[2020 UEFA Champions League final|Champions League final]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-08-11 |title=Neymar is a leader when he is happy - Tuchel |url=https://www.espn.co.uk/football/story/_/id/37559807/psg-neymar-leader-happy-coach-thomas-tuchel |access-date=2025-07-02 |website=ESPN.com |language=en}}</ref> French journalist [[Julien Laurens]] deemed Neymar as being "the focal point of the team [...] he’s dominating the game, making all differences to create almost all opportunities". [[Eurosport France]] journalist Vincent Bregevin was of the same praise, claiming that Neymar's availability as a result of not being injured was imperative to PSG's performances en route to the final.<ref name=":26">{{Cite web |title=TNT Sports is not available in your region |url=https://www.tntsports.co.uk/geoblocking.shtml |access-date=2025-06-06 |website=www.tntsports.co.uk}}</ref> In the final on 23 August, Neymar had his chances to score, but failed to – at times owing to a dominant [[Manuel Neuer]] performance.<ref name=":38" /> PSG lost 1–0 to Bayern Munich.<ref name="espn 23 August 2020">{{cite web|date=23 August 2020|title=Bayern Munich beat Paris Saint-Germain to win Champions League|url=https://www.espn.com/soccer/report?gameId=573698|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201107084610/https://www.espn.com/soccer/report?gameId=573698|archive-date=7 November 2020|access-date=23 August 2020 |publisher=ESPN}}</ref> With his focal ambition of being the talisman to PSG winning its first ever Champions League title, Neymar was distraught and had to be consoled by the club's sporting director [[Leonardo Araújo|Leonardo]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=23 August 2020 |title=Neymar left in tears after PSG suffer Champions League final heartbreak |url=https://www.goal.com/en-gb/news/neymar-left-in-tears-after-psg-suffer-champions-league-final-heartbreak/1mn3d7984xeps13osn5vpt6k2j |access-date=15 November 2023 |website=www.goal.com |archive-date=15 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231115100501/https://www.goal.com/en-gb/news/neymar-left-in-tears-after-psg-suffer-champions-league-final-heartbreak/1mn3d7984xeps13osn5vpt6k2j |url-status=live }}</ref>

With three goals and four assists in seven Champions League matches,<ref name="UEFA.com" /> Neymar was amongst the nominees for the [[UEFA Men's Player of the Year Award]], being the highest ranked PSG player at fourth place.<ref>{{Cite web |last=UEFA.com |date=2020-10-01 |title=Robert Lewandowski wins UEFA Men's Player of the Year award |url=https://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/news/0262-1081df1ad49c-10605b589d53-1000--lewandowski-named-player-of-the-year/ |access-date=2025-02-06 |website=[[UEFA]] }}</ref> Neymar was also ranked third for the [[UEFA Club Football Awards#Best Forward|UEFA Forward of the Season]], behind Mbappé and [[Robert Lewandowski]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=UEFA.com |title=The official website for European football |url=https://www.uefa.com/errors/ |access-date=2025-06-15 |website=UEFA.com }}</ref> Some journalists debated whether Neymar outshone Lewandowski as the best player of 2020.<ref name=":26" /> With the end of his third season with PSG, one of Neymar's finest with the club, he had amassed a total of 70 goals and 45 assists in only 85 matches for PSG.<ref name="France" />

==== 2020–21: Goalscoring records, near second consecutive Champions League final and contract extension ====
{{multiple image
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| image1 = Neymar Jr presentation - Press conference for PSG 001 (cropped).jpg
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| footer = Neymar surpassed [[Zlatan Ibrahimović]] for the quickest time taken to reach 50 goals in [[Ligue 1]].
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Neymar missed out on the first match of the [[2020–21 Paris Saint-Germain F.C. season|2020–21 season]] because he had tested positive for [[COVID-19]] a week earlier.<ref>{{Cite web|date=8 September 2020|title=Lens 'not favourites' against depleted PSG |url=https://www.ligue1.com/Articles/NEWS/2020/09/08/lens-not-favourites-psg-mbappe-neymar-covid|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200910182803/https://www.ligue1.com/Articles/NEWS/2020/09/08/lens-not-favourites-psg-mbappe-neymar-covid|archive-date=10 September 2020|access-date=18 September 2020|website=Ligue 1}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=10 September 2020|title=Lens 1-0 Paris Saint-Germain: Champions League finalists beaten by Ligue 1 newcomers |url=https://www.skysports.com/football/rc-lens-vs-psg/report/431369|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200912212757/https://www.skysports.com/football/rc-lens-vs-psg/report/431369 |archive-date=12 September 2020|access-date=18 September 2020|website=Sky Sports}}</ref> However, he returned on 13 September in ''Le Classique''. For the first time since 2011, Marseille were victorious, winning 1–0. The match had 14 yellow cards and five red cards handed out by the referee, including one of each to Neymar.<ref>{{Cite magazine|date=14 September 2020|title=Neymar Among 5 Sent Off in PSG-Marseille, Alleges Racial Abuse|url=https://www.si.com/soccer/2020/09/14/psg-marseille-fight-video-neymar-red-card-racist-abuse|access-date=18 September 2020|magazine=Sports Illustrated|archive-date=24 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201024205435/https://www.si.com/soccer/2020/09/14/psg-marseille-fight-video-neymar-red-car|url-status=live}}</ref> Neymar scored his first two goals of the season in a 6–1 win against [[Angers SCO|Angers]] on 2 October.<ref>{{Cite web|last=da Silva|first=Michael|date=2 October 2020|title=NEYMAR GRABS TWO AS PSG ROUT ANGERS|url=https://www.eurosport.com/football/ligue-1/2020-2021/psg-v-angers-ligue-1-live-updates_sto7919834/story.shtml|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201026191438/https://www.eurosport.com/football/ligue-1/2020-2021/psg-v-angers-ligue-1-live-updates_sto7919834/story.shtml|archive-date=26 October 2020|access-date=3 October 2020|website=[[Eurosport]]}}</ref> He entered the list of the [[List of Paris Saint-Germain F.C. records and statistics#All-time top scorers|top ten goalscorers in PSG history]] by doing so, scoring his 72nd for the club, which put him level with [[Raí]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=3 October 2020|title=Neymar rentre dans le top 10 des meilleurs buteurs de l'histoire du PSG|trans-title=Neymar enters the top 10 of the best scorers in the history of PSG|url=http://www.parisfans.fr/club/neymar-rentre-dans-le-top-10-des-meilleurs-buteurs-de-lhistoire-du-psg-491779.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201024064151/http://www.parisfans.fr/club/neymar-rentre-dans-le-top-10-des-meilleurs-buteurs-de-lhistoire-du-psg-491779.html|archive-date=24 October 2020|access-date=3 October 2020|website=Paris Fans|language=fr}}</ref> On 28 November, Neymar scored his 50th goal in Ligue 1, converting a penalty in PSG's 2–2 draw against [[FC Girondins de Bordeaux|Bordeaux]]. This made him the fastest player in Ligue 1 history to reach this, doing so in only 58 matches.<ref>{{cite web|date=28 November 2020|title=Neymar reaches 50 Ligue 1 goals in record time in 21st century|url=https://www.beinsports.com/en/football/news/neymar-reaches-50-ligue-1-goals-in-record-t-1/1591744|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201128220753/http://www.beinsports.com/en/football/news/neymar-reaches-50-ligue-1-goals-in-record-t-1/1591744 |archive-date=28 November 2020|access-date=28 November 2020|website=[[beIN Sports]]}}</ref> This record surpassed the likes of Ibrahimović, [[Radamel Falcao]], [[Pauleta]] and Mbappé.<ref>{{Cite web |last=since 2000 |first=No player has scored half a century of Ligue 1 goals in fewer games than Paris Saint-Germain star Neymar |title=Neymar reaches 50 Ligue 1 goals in record time |url=https://www.beinsports.com/en-mena/football/articles/neymar-reaches-50-ligue-1-goals-in-record-t-1 |access-date=2025-06-08 |website=beIN SPORTS -mena}}</ref>

On 2 December, he scored two goals in a 3–1 [[2020–21 UEFA Champions League|Champions League]] victory against Manchester United at [[Old Trafford]].<ref>{{Cite news|date=2 December 2020|title=Man Utd beaten at home by PSG|work=BBC Sport |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/55135808|url-status=live|access-date=2 December 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201206081114/https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/55135808|archive-date=6 December 2020}}</ref> [[CNN]] called Neymar's performance a "masterclass", praising his skill and finishing.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Morse |first=Ben |date=2020-12-02 |title=Neymar masterclass rips apart Manchester United as PSG is victorious in Champions League |url=https://www.cnn.com/2020/12/02/football/neymar-psg-manchester-united-ucl-spt-intl |access-date=2025-06-30 |website=CNN |language=en}}</ref> His brace boosted PSG’s qualification hopes for the knockout stage.<ref>{{Cite web |date=3 December 2020 |title=Manchester United 1-3 PSG: Neymar double dents United's qualification hopes as Fred sees red |url=https://www.skysports.com/football/man-utd-vs-psg/report/439028 |website=[[Sky Sports News]]}}</ref> In PSG's final group match, Neymar scored his third career Champions League hat-trick against İstanbul Başakşehir, as his side won 5–1 and qualified for the knockout stage as group winners.<ref>{{Cite web|date=9 December 2020|title=Hat-trick: Neymar Jr's gala performance on the Champions League|url=https://www.neymarjr.com/en/football/hat-trick-neymar-jr-gala-performance-on-the-champions-league|access-date=10 December 2020|website=www.neymarjr.com|archive-date=14 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210114150953/https://www.neymarjr.com/en/football/hat-trick-neymar-jr-gala-performance-on-the-champions-league|url-status=live}}</ref> He became the first player in European Cup and Champions League history to score 20 goals for two different clubs, scoring 21 goals for Barcelona in 40 games, and 20 for PSG in 25 games.<ref name=":51">{{Cite web|last=Zavala|first=Steve|date=10 December 2020|title=Neymar is the First Player Ever to Score 20 Champions League Goals for Two Different Teams|url=https://psgtalk.com/2020/12/neymar-is-the-first-player-ever-to-score-20-champions-league-goals-for-two-different-teams/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201210101132/https://psgtalk.com/2020/12/neymar-is-the-first-player-ever-to-score-20-champions-league-goals-for-two-different-teams/|archive-date=10 December 2020|access-date=10 December 2020|website=PSG Talk}}</ref> On 13 January 2021, in a 2–1 win over rivals Marseille in the Trophée des Champions, Neymar scored the winning goal from a penalty.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hoskin |first=Rob |date=13 January 2021|title=Neymar mocks Alvaro Gonzalez in celebration after terrible tackle during PSG vs Marseille |url=https://www.givemesport.com/1638008-neymar-mocks-alvaro-gonzalez-in-celebration-after-terrible-tackle-during-psg-vs-marseille|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210115135649/https://www.givemesport.com/1638008-neymar-mocks-alvaro-gonzalez-in-celebration-after-terrible-tackle-during-psg-vs-marseille|archive-date=15 January 2021|access-date=14 January 2021|website=givemesport.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=13 January 2021 |title=Neymar and Icardi fire Pochettino to first title |url=https://www.ligue1.com/Articles/MATCH-REPORTS/2021/01/13/neymar-and-icardi-fire-pochettino-to-first-title |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210115123105/https://www.ligue1.com/Articles/MATCH-REPORTS/2021/01/13/neymar-and-icardi-fire-pochettino-to-first-title |archive-date=15 January 2021 |access-date=13 January 2021 |website=Ligue 1}}</ref> He sustained a left adductor injury in a 1–0 cup win over [[S.M. Caen|Caen]] on 10 February, ruling him out for four weeks;<ref>{{cite web |url=https://dknation.draftkings.com/2021/2/15/22278279/neymar-injury-update-uefa-champions-league-paris-vs-barcelona-round-of-16-match-status-backup |title=Neymar to miss Champions League Round of 16 first leg match vs. Barcelona|publisher=Draft Kings|date=15 February 2021|access-date=17 February 2021 |archive-date=16 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210216215419/https://dknation.draftkings.com/2021/2/15/22278279/neymar-injury-update-uefa-champions-league-paris-vs-barcelona-round-of-16-match-status-backup|url-status=live}}</ref> this was his third injury of the season.<ref>{{Cite web |date=14 December 2020 |title=Neymar raises injury alarm bells after being stretchered off against Lyon |url=https://www.goal.com/en/news/neymar-raises-injury-alarm-bells-after-being-stretchered-off/1bniqo4br68i01hvp8sunwz5x1 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201220111429/https://www.goal.com/en/news/neymar-raises-injury-alarm-bells-after-being-stretchered-off/1bniqo4br68i01hvp8sunwz5x1 |archive-date=20 December 2020 |access-date=14 December 2020 |website=www.goal.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=28 October 2020 |title=PSG's Neymar in 'discomfort' after adductor injury and will undergo further tests |url=https://www.cbssports.com/soccer/news/psgs-neymar-in-discomfort-after-adductor-injury-and-will-undergo-further-tests/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201101043118/https://www.cbssports.com/soccer/news/psgs-neymar-in-discomfort-after-adductor-injury-and-will-undergo-further-tests/ |archive-date=1 November 2020 |access-date=29 October 2020 |website=[[CBS Sports]]}}</ref> On 21 March, he was back in action, coming on as a substitute in a 4–2 league win against Lyon.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Football: Neymar makes PSG return from injury against Lyon|url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/sport/football-neymar-makes-psg-return-from-injury-against-lyon-14453924|access-date=30 March 2021|website=CNA|archive-date=20 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210320171003/https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/sport/football-neymar-makes-psg-return-from-injury-against-lyon-14453924|url-status=dead}}</ref>

Neymar was absent for PSG's defeat of Barcelona, but he was present in both matches of the quarter-finals against Bayern Munich. PSG beat defending champions Bayern Munich 3–2 in the first leg of their Champions League quarterfinal; Neymar had two assists.<ref>{{Cite web |title=PSG 3-2 Bayern (7 Apr, 2021) Game Analysis - ESPN (UK) |url=https://www.espn.co.uk/football/report/_/gameId/596891 |access-date=2025-06-06 |website=ESPN }}</ref> PSG booked their spot in the semi-finals on away goals after losing the second leg 1–0.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-04-14 |title=Neymar explains celebrating in Kimmich's face after PSG beat Bayern Munich in Champions League |url=https://www.goal.com/en-gb/news/neymar-explains-celebrating-in-the-face-of-kimmich-after-psg-beat-bayern-munich-in-champions-league/1isvx4yjgmdwhzoky5ixgwzna |access-date=2025-06-06 |website=www.goal.com }}</ref> Prior to Neymar's arrival at PSG in 2017, the club had not progressed beyond the quarter final stage of the Champions League since [[1994–95 Paris Saint-Germain FC season|1994–95]]; they had now done so in two consecutive seasons.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-02-15 |title=Neymar on Real Madrid Links: 'I Only Think About Writing My History' at PSG |url=https://www.si.com/soccer/2018/02/15/neymar-speaks-out-over-transfer-links-real-madrid-following-psgs-champions-league-defeat |access-date=2025-07-06 |website=SI}}</ref> Ahead of the first leg against Man City, manager [[Pep Guardiola]] praised Neymar: "He's a joy to watch. As a spectator, I enjoy it a lot every time [...] And I’m pretty sure if he’d stayed in Barcelona, Barcelona would've won two or three Champions Leagues more."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Critchley |first=Mark |date=27 April 2021 |title=PSG vs Man City: Neymar would have won three more Champions Leagues with Barcelona, says Pep Guardiola |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/football/european/psg-man-city-neymar-barcelona-b1838282.html |website=[[The Independent]]}}</ref> PSG failed to reach a second consecutive Champions League final as they were knocked out by Man City. PSG also failed to win their fourth consecutive Ligue 1 title, losing out to Lille by just one point. However, they won the [[2020–21 Coupe de France|Coupe de France]], which was Neymar's third and final cup with PSG.<ref>{{cite news |date=19 May 2021 |title=Kylian Mbappé stars as PSG beat Monaco in Coupe de France final |url=https://www.ligue1.com/Articles/OTHER-COMPETITIONS/2021/05/19/kylian-mbappe-stars-as-psg-beat-monaco-in-coupe-de-france-final |access-date=21 May 2021 |website=ligue1.com}}</ref> Neymar was named in the Ligue 1 [[Trophées UNFP du football#Team of the Year|Team of the Year]] for the third time.<ref name=":16" />

On 8 May, Neymar extended his contract with PSG until 2025.<ref>{{Cite web|date=8 May 2021|title=PSG's Neymar signs contract extension|url=https://www.espn.com/soccer/story/_/id/37617017/psg-neymar-signs-contract-extension-2025|access-date=8 May 2021|website=ESPN|archive-date=8 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210508171015/https://www.espn.com/soccer/soccer-transfers/story/4379755/psgs-neymar-signs-contract-extension-to-2025|url-status=live}}</ref> Upon this extension, he said he wanted to achieve PSG's biggest dream, to win the Champions League.<ref name=":24">{{Cite news |last=sport |first=Guardian |date=2021-05-08 |title='I am happy and proud': Neymar commits future to PSG until 2025 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2021/may/08/neymar-commits-future-to-psg-signs-contract-until-2025 |access-date=2025-06-05 |work=The Guardian |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> Further comments included, "My goal when I came [here] was to help get Paris Saint-Germain to the top, among the very best, and we are getting close".<ref name=":24" />

==== 2021–22: 100th PSG goal and record-tying Ligue 1 title ====
[[File:Mbappe Messi Neymar.jpg|thumb|right|Neymar (right) with [[Kylian Mbappé]] and [[Lionel Messi]] against [[Olympique de Marseille|Marseille]] during ''[[Le Classique]]'' in October 2021]]
Neymar was nominated for the [[2021 Ballon d'Or]].<ref name=":27">{{Cite web |title=Neymar Jr. Official |url=https://www.neymarjr.com/ |access-date=2025-06-06 |website=Neymar Jr. }}</ref> This was his ninth nomination—a record for a Brazilian player.<ref name=":27" /> Earlier on in the year, [[IFFHS]] ranked Neymar in second place behind Messi for their [[CONMEBOL]] [[IFFHS World's Best Player#The Best Man Player of the Decade (2011–2020)|The Best Man Player of the Decade]] (2011–2020) award.<ref name=":44">{{Cite web |date=2025-06-08 |title=Neymar Finished at 4th Behind Messi, Ronaldo and Iniesta for the IFFHS World's Best Player of the Decade Honor |url=https://onefootball.com/en/news/neymar-finished-at-4th-behind-messi-ronaldo-and-iniesta-for-the-iffhs-worlds-best-player-of-the-decade-honor-32344574 |access-date=2025-06-08 |website=OneFootball }}</ref> In their World’s Best Player of the Decade (2011–2020) award, Neymar did not make the top three, but came in fourth place, behind Messi, Ronaldo, and Iniesta.<ref name=":44"/>

On 10 August 2021, Neymar's former Barcelona teammate Messi signed for PSG.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Lionel Messi reunited with Neymar at PSG after Barcelona exit |url=https://olympics.com/en/news/football-lionel-messi-rejoins-neymar-at-psg-after-barcelona-exit |access-date=15 September 2021 |website=Olympics.com |archive-date=15 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210915025357/https://olympics.com/en/news/football-lionel-messi-rejoins-neymar-at-psg-after-barcelona-exit |url-status=live}}</ref> On 29 August, Neymar made his first appearance of the season, being a starter in a 2–0 win over [[Stade de Reims|Reims]]. Messi replaced Neymar at the 66th minute of the match, making his debut for the French club.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Percival |first=Charlotte Harpur and Holly |date=29 August 2021 |title=Lionel Messi makes PSG debut as sub for Neymar in Ligue 1 game against Reims |url=https://www.nytimes.com/athletic/4201518/2021/08/29/lionel-messi-makes-psg-debut-as-sub-for-neymar-in-ligue-1-game-against-reims/ |access-date=15 September 2021 |website=The Athletic |archive-date=15 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210915025353/https://theathletic.com/news/lionel-messi-makes-psg-debut-as-sub-for-neymar-in-ligue-1-game-against-reims/JjuptraSwJAU |url-status=live}}</ref> Neymar scored his first goal of the [[2021–22 Paris Saint-Germain F.C. season|2021–22 season]] on 19 September, converting a penalty in a 2–1 win over Lyon.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Player Ratings {{!}} PSG 2-1 Lyon, Neymar's brilliance and a questionable penalty decision give PSG a barely deserved win |url=https://www.getfootballnewsfrance.com/2021/player-ratings-psg-2-1-lyon-neymars-brilliance-and-a-questionable-penalty-decision-give-psg-a-barely-deserved-win/ |access-date=20 September 2021 |website=Get French Football News |date=19 September 2021 |archive-date=20 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210920223408/https://www.getfootballnewsfrance.com/2021/player-ratings-psg-2-1-lyon-neymars-brilliance-and-a-questionable-penalty-decision-give-psg-a-barely-deserved-win/ |url-status=live}}</ref> He scored his 400th career goal on 6 November against [[FC Girondins de Bordeaux|Bordeaux]], where he scored a brace and helped the team to win the match 3–2.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Neymar nets 400th career goal in Paris Saint-Germain win over Bordeaux |url=https://www.espn.com/soccer/report/_/gameId/609408 |access-date=8 November 2021 |website=ESPN |archive-date=8 November 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211108072441/https://www.espn.com/soccer/report/_/gameId/609408 |url-status=live}}</ref>

On 28 November, Neymar suffered an ankle injury in a 3–1 win over Saint-Étienne. He was taken off on a stretcher at the 85th minute of the match.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.nytimes.com/athletic/3687688/2021/11/28/neymar-taken-off-on-stretcher-with-ankle-injury-as-psg-win-3-1-vs-saint-etienne/ |title=Neymar taken off on stretcher with ankle injury as PSG win 3-1 vs Saint-Etienne |date=28 November 2021 |access-date=20 February 2022 |website=[[The Athletic]] |archive-date=20 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220220181538/https://theathletic.com/news/neymar-taken-off-on-stretcher-with-ankle-injury-as-psg-win-3-1-vs-saint-etienne/TmJN686xTtTL/ |url-status=live }}</ref> His return from injury came on 15 February 2022 in a Champions League match against Real Madrid, where he came on as a substitute and assisted Mbappé's injury-time goal to win the match 1–0.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.sportbible.com/football/neymar-absolutely-ran-the-show-in-20minute-cameo-vs-real-madrid-20220216 |last1=Lawless |first1=Josh |title=Neymar Absolutely Ran The Show In 20-Minute Cameo Vs Real Madrid |date=16 February 2022 |access-date=20 February 2022 |website=[[SPORTbible]] |archive-date=20 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220220181539/https://www.sportbible.com/football/neymar-absolutely-ran-the-show-in-20minute-cameo-vs-real-madrid-20220216 |url-status=live }}</ref> Four days later, he made his return to league play and his first start in 2022 in a match against [[FC Nantes|Nantes]]; he scored a goal and missed a penalty in a 3–1 loss at the [[Stade de la Beaujoire]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.thescore.com/fra_fed/news/2301894/amp |title=PSG suffer 2nd league defeat after 1st-half implosion at Nantes |access-date=20 February 2022 |date=19 February 2022 |publisher=[[Score Media and Gaming]] |archive-date=30 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231030222032/https://www.thescore.com/fra_fed/news/2301894/amp |url-status=live }}</ref> On 13 March, following their Champions League elimination against Real Madrid in the [[2021–22 UEFA Champions League knockout phase#Round of 16|round of 16]], Neymar and his teammate Messi were booed by some of the PSG fans at the [[Parc des Princes]] in the league match against Bordeaux.<ref>{{Cite web |date=16 March 2022 |title=PSG fans' frustrations run a lot deeper than Messi and the Champions League |url=https://www.espn.in/football/paris-saint-germain--frapsg/story/4617314/why-psg-fans-booed-messimbappe-and-co-their-frustration-runs-much-deeper-than-the-champions-league |access-date=12 June 2022 |website=ESPN |archive-date=12 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220612054037/https://www.espn.in/football/paris-saint-germain--frapsg/story/4617314/why-psg-fans-booed-messimbappe-and-co-their-frustration-runs-much-deeper-than-the-champions-league |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=PSG fans booing Messi 'unbelievable' - Pochettino |url=https://www.goal.com/en/news/psg-fans-booing-messi-unbelievable-pochettino/bltd15fedeeb21fe971 |access-date=12 June 2022 |website=www.goal.com |archive-date=12 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220612054038/https://www.goal.com/en/news/psg-fans-booing-messi-unbelievable-pochettino/bltd15fedeeb21fe971 |url-status=live }}</ref> On 21 May, he scored his 100th goal with PSG in a 5–0 win over [[FC Metz|Metz]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/61537573 |title=Paris Saint Germain 5–0 Metz |website=BBC Sport |date=21 May 2022 |access-date=21 May 2022 |archive-date=15 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220815180927/https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/61537573 |url-status=live }}</ref>

Neymar helped PSG win their record-tying 10th national championship,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Whitehead |first=Luke Bosher and Jacob |date=23 April 2022 |title=PSG crowned Ligue 1 champions after draw against Lens |url=https://www.nytimes.com/athletic/4179531/2022/04/22/psg-crowned-ligue-1-champions-after-messi-secures-draw-against-lens/ |access-date=23 April 2022 |website=The Athletic }}</ref> finishing the season with 13 goals and 8 assists across all competitions, registering the fewest test scored since arriving in Europe in 2013, in a season marked by various injuries and collective irregularity.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://cultura.uol.com.br/esporte/noticias/2022/05/23/3461_neymar-encerra-temporada-202122-com-menor-numero-de-gols-since-que-chegou-na-europa.html|title=Neymar ends the 2021/22 season with the fewest goals since arriving in Europe|date=23 May 2022|access-date=18 August 2022|work=UOL}}{{Dead link|date=September 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>

==== 2022–23: Brief return to best form before injury and final season ====
[[File:Messi Neymar Mbappé PSG 2022 (cropped).jpg|thumb|250x250px|Neymar celebrating with Mbappé after scoring a league goal in August 2022]]
Following a disappointing form in the previous season and with the club's change in transfer policy, Neymar was linked with a potential departure from the club, but the lack of potential suitors broke down a potential move, despite PSG's Football Advisor [[Luís Campos (football)|Luís Campos]] dismissing those rumours – stating that Neymar was part of the club's project.<ref name="Newseason">{{cite web|last1=Banerjee|first1=Apratim|date=2 September 2022|title=PSG wanted to sell Neymar and sign Barcelona superstar to play alongside Kylian Mbappe this summer: Reports|url=https://www.sportskeeda.com/football/news-psg-wanted-sell-neymar-sign-barcelona-superstar-play-alongside-kylian-mbappe-summer-reports|access-date=16 November 2022|website=Sportskeeda|archive-date=16 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221116104532/https://www.sportskeeda.com/football/news-psg-wanted-sell-neymar-sign-barcelona-superstar-play-alongside-kylian-mbappe-summer-reports|url-status=live}}</ref>

Neymar started the season in tremendous form, scoring twice against Nantes on 31 July as PSG won 4–0 to win the Trophée des Champions.<ref>{{Cite web |date=31 July 2022 |title=A final, lots of goals and a trophy: a great start to the season! |url=https://en.psg.fr/teams/first-team/content/a-final-lots-of-goals-and-a-trophy-a-great-start-to-the-season-match-report-paris-saint-germain-trophee-des-champions-psg-nantes |access-date=1 August 2022 |publisher=[[Paris Saint-Germain F.C.]]}}</ref> He then scored a goal and provided a hat-trick of assists in a 5–0 win against [[Clermont Foot|Clermont]] on 6 August.<ref name="Newseason" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Neymar spotted at poker tournament & McDonald's just HOURS after PSG's loss to Bayern & Kylian Mbappe's 'eat & sleep well' warning |url=https://www.goal.com/en-in/news/neymar-poker-tournament-mcdonalds-after-psg-loss-bayern-kylian-mbappe-warning/blt9fc1c64053a46c03 |access-date=19 February 2023 |website=www.goal.com |archive-date=19 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230219122607/https://www.goal.com/en-in/news/neymar-poker-tournament-mcdonalds-after-psg-loss-bayern-kylian-mbappe-warning/blt9fc1c64053a46c03 |url-status=live }}</ref> As part of his prolific attacking trio alongside Mbappé and Messi, on 21 August, all three scored and assisted with Neymar netting twice and registering three more assists in PSG's 7–1 away win over [[Lille OSC|Lille]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Grez |first=Matias |date=22 August 2022 |title=Kylian Mbappé scores a hat-trick – including 8-second goal from kick-off – as Paris Saint-Germain puts seven goals past Lille |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2022/08/22/football/kylian-mbappe-hat-trick-psg-hammers-lille-spt-intl/index.html |access-date=27 September 2022 |website=[[CNN]] |archive-date=29 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220929134307/https://edition.cnn.com/2022/08/22/football/kylian-mbappe-hat-trick-psg-hammers-lille-spt-intl/index.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Molson |first=Johan |date=22 August 2022 |title=VIDÉO - Michel Rio, le Breton plus rapide que Kylian Mbappé |url=https://www.francebleu.fr/infos/insolite/video-michel-rio-le-breton-plus-rapide-que-kylian-mbappe-1661185886 |access-date=23 August 2022 |website=[[France Bleu]] |language=fr |archive-date=22 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220822163406/https://www.francebleu.fr/infos/insolite/video-michel-rio-le-breton-plus-rapide-que-kylian-mbappe-1661185886 |url-status=live }}</ref> After registering 13 goal contributions in his first five league games, Neymar was named Ligue 1's [[UNFP Player of the Month|Player of the Month]] in August.<ref name="Newseason" /><ref name="unfp.org">{{cite web |date=22 September 2022 |title=Neymar Jr, joueur du mois d'août de la Ligue 1 Uber Eats ! |trans-title=Neymar Jr, player of the month for August in Ligue 1 Uber Eats! |url=https://www.unfp.org/2022/09/neymar-jr-joueur-du-mois-daout-de-la-ligue-1-uber-eats/ |access-date=24 September 2022 |publisher=National Union of Professional Footballers |language=fr |archive-date=5 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221005124224/https://www.unfp.org/2022/09/neymar-jr-joueur-du-mois-daout-de-la-ligue-1-uber-eats/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

By early October 2022, Neymar was considered one of the stand-out players in Europe and back to his peak form, having scored 11 goals and providing 9 assists in just 13 games.<ref>{{Cite web |date=6 October 2022 |title='I don't think there's a new Neymar' - PSG star insists he's no different after brilliant start to the season |url=https://www.goal.com/en-gb/news/i-don-t-think-there-s-a-new-neymar-psg-star-insists-he-s-no-different-after-brilliant-start-to-the-season/blt2c5bcd693e0b3995 |access-date=20 November 2023 |website=www.goal.com |archive-date=20 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231120102321/https://www.goal.com/en-gb/news/i-don-t-think-there-s-a-new-neymar-psg-star-insists-he-s-no-different-after-brilliant-start-to-the-season/blt2c5bcd693e0b3995 |url-status=live}}</ref> Manager [[Christophe Galtier]] praised Neymar for playing his best ever football in PSG,<ref>{{Cite web |title=PSG-Auxerre preview: 'best ever Neymar' to play? |url=https://www.ligue1.com/Articles/News/2022/11/10/psg-auxerre-preview-best-ever-neymar-to-play |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231120102320/https://www.ligue1.com/Articles/News/2022/11/10/psg-auxerre-preview-best-ever-neymar-to-play |archive-date=20 November 2023 |access-date=20 November 2023 |website=Ligue1 COM }}</ref> and his performances led him to be one of the favourites to win the [[2023 Ballon d'Or]], alongside top performers [[Erling Haaland]] and Mbappé.<ref>{{Cite web |date=19 December 2022 |title=Who will win Ballon d'Or 2023? Messi, Haaland, Lewandowski and other star players vying for the award {{!}} Sporting News India |url=https://www.sportingnews.com/in/football/news/ballon-dor-2023-messi-haaland-players-award/vhfpxlxbjoy61eqy9enmng7d |access-date=20 November 2023 |website=www.sportingnews.com -in |archive-date=20 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231120102320/https://www.sportingnews.com/in/football/news/ballon-dor-2023-messi-haaland-players-award/vhfpxlxbjoy61eqy9enmng7d |url-status=live }}</ref>

In the second half of the season, having already sustained an injury at the [[2022 FIFA World Cup]] during the winter, injuries yet again affected Neymar's season. On 6 March 2023, PSG announced that Neymar would undergo surgery in [[Doha]] and would be ruled out for the remainder of the season.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/64868512|title=Paris St-Germain striker to have ankle surgery and set to be out for the rest of the season|website=BBC|date=6 March 2023|accessdate=6 March 2023|archive-date=6 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230306173247/https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/64868512|url-status=live}}</ref> This led to Neymar missing PSG's second leg of their [[2022–23 UEFA Champions League knockout phase#Round of 16|Champions League round of 16 tie]] against Bayern Munich, in which PSG ended up being eliminated. After reports that Messi would leave the club following the expiration of his contract, a group of PSG supporters gathered outside the club's headquarters, protesting against the club's direction and insulting various figures of the club, including Neymar. Another group of individuals went to Neymar's house, demanding him to leave the club.<ref>{{cite web |last=Bubel |first=Jennifer |date=3 May 2023 |title=PSG fans want Messi out |url=https://en.as.com/soccer/psg-fans-want-messi-out-v/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230604183056/https://en.as.com/soccer/psg-fans-want-messi-out-v/ |archive-date=4 June 2023 |access-date=4 June 2023 |website=[[Diario AS]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Rutzler |first=Peter |date=10 May 2023 |title=Even by PSG's standards, the past week has been a chaotic one |url=https://www.nytimes.com/athletic/4501871/2023/05/10/psg-messi-chaotic-week/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230604190255/https://theathletic.com/4501871/2023/05/10/psg-messi-chaotic-week/ |archive-date=4 June 2023 |access-date=4 June 2023 |website=[[The Athletic]]}}</ref> On 27 May, PSG won Ligue 1; this was Neymar's fifth and final league title in France.<ref>{{Cite web |date=27 May 2023 |title=Football : le PSG remporte son onzième titre de champion de France |url=https://www.france24.com/fr/info-en-continu/20230527-football-le-psg-remporte-son-onzi%C3%A8me-titre-de-champion-de-france |access-date=7 June 2023 |website=[[France 24]] |language=Fr}}</ref>

====August 2023: Departure====
{{Quote box
| quote = "It is naturally difficult to say goodbye to a legend of the club, which Neymar will always be. I will never forget the day he arrived at PSG, nor what he brought to the club and to our project over the course of these six years. We have lived through extraordinary times and Neymar will always be a part of our history. I want to thank him, as well as his family. We wish Neymar the best for the future and for his next adventure."
| source = — PSG's President [[Nasser Al-Khelaifi]] on Neymar's departure from Paris Saint-Germain.<ref name="mirror.co.uk">{{cite web |url=https://www.getfootballnewsfrance.com/2023/psg-president-nasser-al-khelaifi-on-neymars-departure-its-difficult-to-say-goodbye-to-a-legend-of-the-club/ |title=PSG PRESIDENT NASSER AL KHELAIFI ON NEYMAR'S DEPARTURE: "IT'S DIFFICULT TO SAY GOODBYE TO A LEGEND OF THE CLUB." |website=Get Football News France |date=15 August 2023 |access-date=3 October 2023 |archive-date=7 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231007110000/https://www.getfootballnewsfrance.com/2023/psg-president-nasser-al-khelaifi-on-neymars-departure-its-difficult-to-say-goodbye-to-a-legend-of-the-club/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
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| width = 33%
}}At the end of the 2022–23 season, PSG began a squad overhaul and after not renewing the contracts of [[Sergio Ramos]] and Messi, following the arrival of Luis Enrique as the club's new manager, Neymar and [[Marco Verratti]] were informed that they would not be in the team's plans for the following season.<ref>{{cite web |date=9 August 2023 |title=Neymar is informed by Luis Enrique that PSG does not count on him, says radio |url=https://placar.com.br/futebol-europeu/neymar-e-informado-por-luis-enrique-que-psg-nao-conta-com-ele-diz-radio/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230816033608/https://placar.com.br/futebol-europeu/neymar-e-informado-por-luis-enrique-que-psg-nao-conta-com-ele-diz-radio/ |archive-date=16 August 2023 |access-date=17 September 2023 |publisher=Scoreboard}}</ref> Neymar was linked with a potential return to Barcelona. However, Barcelona's hierarchy never reached an advanced stage to discuss finer economic details and possibilities, as the club's manager Xavi was not keen on signing him, leading both clubs to fail to reach an agreement.<ref>{{cite web |date=15 August 2023 |title=Why Barcelona failed to sign Neymar ahead of Al-Hilal |url=https://everythingbarca.com/2023/08/15/barcelona-neymar-al-hilal-xavi/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231003201323/https://everythingbarca.com/2023/08/15/barcelona-neymar-al-hilal-xavi/ |archive-date=3 October 2023 |access-date=17 September 2023 |publisher=Everything Barça}}</ref>

Neymar left PSG with ten major trophies won, including five Ligue 1 titles. He contributed an outstanding 197 goal involvements (118 goals, 79 assists) in 173 appearances.<ref name=":57">{{Cite news |last1=Imber |first1=Leon |last2=Hopkins |first2=Jessica |date=2025-06-24 |title=Neymar extends contract with boyhood club Santos until December |url=https://www.nytimes.com/athletic/6445510/2025/06/24/neymar-santos-contract-extension-december/ |access-date=2025-06-27 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> He has been credited as a legend of PSG, trailing only Ibrahimović, Cavani, and Mbappé in the club's top scorers at the time of his departure, and one of Ligue 1's greatest players.<ref name="ligue1.com" /><ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-10-11 |title=Ligue 1 Team of the Decade: Ibrahimovic & Mbappe form dream attack |url=https://www.goal.com/en/lists/ligue-1-team-of-the-decade/1nmn1e6sgkutb1bfq1gk7cb2gg |access-date=2025-06-03 |website=www.goal.com }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Churchill |first=Max |date=2024-09-15 |title=10 Greatest Players in Ligue 1 History [Ranked] |url=https://www.givemesport.com/greatest-players-ligue-1-france-football-history-ranked/ |access-date=2025-06-03 |website=GiveMeSport }}</ref> His tenure at PSG allowed him to flourish in the role of a true number 10, evolving into a more well-rounded player as he took on greater responsibility in dictating the flow of the game, more so than during his tenure at Barcelona.<ref name=":21" /> He also assumed greater priority within the team, being entrusted with set pieces and penalties.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-01-31 |title=Neymar signs for Santos: The prince who never became king at Barcelona or PSG |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/articles/c93q0vr1klxo |access-date=2025-05-31 |website=BBC Sport }}</ref> Peter Rutzler of ''[[Forbes]]'' praised Neymar as "an increasingly rare phenomenon in a modern game of academy-refined talent", whilst another sports writer hailed him as "one of the greatest players ever to wear the famous dark blue shirt".<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-10-21 |title=Kylian Mbappe, Zlatan Ibrahimovic & the 25 best PSG players of the 21st century so far - ranked |url=https://www.goal.com/en/lists/kylian-mbappe-zlatan-ibrahimovic-and-the-25-best-psg-players-of-the-21st-century-so-far-ranked/bltb1d271952f7ea8eb |access-date=2025-07-01 |website=www.goal.com |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":33" /> Neymar's goal-scoring success at PSG made him one of the few players to have scored at least 100 goals for three different clubs,<ref>{{cite news |title=Neymar emulates Ronaldo & Romario after bringing up 100 goals for PSG |url=https://www.goal.com/en-in/news/neymar-emulates-ronaldo-and-romario-after-bringing-up-100/blt80a379c4f483a5d0 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220527215641/https://www.goal.com/en-in/news/neymar-emulates-ronaldo-and-romario-after-bringing-up-100/blt80a379c4f483a5d0 |archive-date=27 May 2022 |access-date=27 May 2022 |website=Goal.com}}</ref> and he also established himself as the highest-scoring Brazilian in the Champions League at the club.<ref>{{Cite web |date=20 December 2022 |title=Neymar, Roberto Firmino, Thiago Silva: Who are Brazil's top UEFA Champions League performers? |url=https://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/news/027c-16dec5d3607f-e40e8954f229-1000--neymar-roberto-firmino-thiago-silva-who-are-brazil-s-top-uef/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230819101738/https://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/news/027c-16dec5d3607f-e40e8954f229-1000--neymar-roberto-firmino-thiago-silva-who-are-brazil-s-top-uef/ |archive-date=19 August 2023 |access-date=19 August 2023 |website=[[UEFA]]}}</ref>

However, Neymar's tenure at PSG was marred by injuries and not helping the club win the much desired Champions League title. He missed 119 matches for PSG in total and only played over 30 games (in a single season) once as a result of being injured around 20 times across his six-year spell, showing a fragility that was not seen either at Barcelona or Santos.<ref name="Le Monde.fr">{{Cite news |date=15 August 2023 |title=Neymar leaves PSG: The Brazilian star's turbulent journey in the French capital |work=Le Monde.fr |url=https://www.lemonde.fr/en/sports/article/2023/08/15/neymar-leaves-psg-the-brazilian-star-s-turbulent-journey-in-the-french-capital_6094563_9.html |access-date=12 November 2023 |archive-date=9 February 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240209183407/https://www.lemonde.fr/en/sports/article/2023/08/15/neymar-leaves-psg-the-brazilian-star-s-turbulent-journey-in-the-french-capital_6094563_9.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=":4">{{cite web |last1=Castro |first1=Jorge |date=29 August 2019 |title=Neymar ahead of Bale for time out through injury |url=https://en.as.com/en/2019/08/29/football/1567075330_718706.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200813071016/https://en.as.com/en/2019/08/29/football/1567075330_718706.html |archive-date=13 August 2020 |access-date=27 June 2020 |work=AS.com}}</ref> His injury struggles hindered his explosiveness and contributed to him not achieving more in his prime years.<ref name="Le Monde.fr2">{{Cite news |date=15 August 2023 |title=Neymar leaves PSG: The Brazilian star's turbulent journey in the French capital |url=https://www.lemonde.fr/en/sports/article/2023/08/15/neymar-leaves-psg-the-brazilian-star-s-turbulent-journey-in-the-french-capital_6094563_9.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240209183407/https://www.lemonde.fr/en/sports/article/2023/08/15/neymar-leaves-psg-the-brazilian-star-s-turbulent-journey-in-the-french-capital_6094563_9.html |archive-date=9 February 2024 |access-date=12 November 2023 |work=Le Monde.fr }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=18 October 2023 |title=Neymar's injury hell threatens to derail his career: 16 since 2018 and 640 days sidelined |url=https://www.marca.com/en/football/2023/10/19/653060b322601d9a638b45be.html |access-date=15 November 2023 |website=MARCA }}</ref> James Westwood of ''Goal'' presents a personal viewpoint, claiming that Neymar's decision to join PSG caused the best years of his career to be "wasted".<ref name=":8" /> Rutzler of ''Forbes'' shared the view that Neymar’s move to PSG was supposed to see him cement himself as the undisputed world’s best player, but it never happened.<ref name=":33">{{Cite news |last=Rutzler |first=Peter |date=2023-08-18 |title=Neymar and PSG: Was it all worth it? |url=https://www.nytimes.com/athletic/4777471/2023/08/15/neymar-psg-saudi-exit/ |access-date=2025-06-07 |work=The New York Times |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> Neymar claimed that he was in position to win the Ballon d'Or at PSG, but the frequent injuries limited his chances.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Dabbs |first=Ryan |date=2025-01-20 |title='I was in a position to win the Ballon d'Or at PSG, but injuries made it difficult - that's hindered my chances': Neymar explains why he missed out on winning prestigious individual award |url=https://www.fourfourtwo.com/news/i-was-in-a-position-to-win-the-ballon-dor-at-psg-but-injuries-made-it-difficult-thats-hindered-my-chances-neymar-explains-why-he-missed-out-on-winning-prestigious-individual-award |access-date=2025-07-05 |website=FourFourTwo |language=en}}</ref>

Neymar's departure from Barcelona triggered a slow decline in the club’s identity and performance.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-08-17 |title=Why Barcelona are inferior to Real Madrid |url=https://www.espn.co.uk/football/story/_/id/37480256/barcelona-inferior-madrid-neymar-exit-midfield-issue-key-reasons |access-date=2025-06-27 |website=ESPN.com |language=en}}</ref><ref name="fourfourtwo.com">{{Cite web |author1=Mark White |date=2024-04-17 |title=Flops, thrashings and financial ruin: A timeline of how it all went wrong for Barcelona |url=https://www.fourfourtwo.com/features/flops-thrashings-and-financial-ruin-a-timeline-of-how-it-all-went-wrong-for-barcelona |access-date=2025-06-27 |website=FourFourTwo |language=en}}</ref> After he left, the attacking threat of ''MSN'' collapsed and Messi had an even greater creative burden.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kuper |first=Simon |date=2021-08-18 |title=The inside story of how Lionel Messi broke Barcelona, the world's greatest football club |url=https://www.thenewworld.co.uk/how-lionel-messi-broke-the-worlds-greatest-football-club/ |access-date=2025-06-27 |website=The New World |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Caley |first=Michael |date=2019-04-30 |title=Messi Is More Dominant Than Ever — And Barcelona Is More Dependent |url=https://fivethirtyeight.com/features/messi-is-more-dominant-than-ever-and-barcelona-is-more-dependent/ |access-date=2025-06-27 |website=FiveThirtyEight |language=en-US}}</ref> The expensive replacements—[[Philippe Coutinho]] and [[Ousmane Dembélé]]—never got close to matching Neymar’s impact.<ref>{{Cite web |last=McDermott |first=Andrew |date=20 December 2021 |title=Analysis: The decline of Barcelona |url=https://sports.bwin.com/en/news/football/cups/champions-league/decline-of-barcelona/ |website=BWIN News}}</ref> This loss of dynamism and attacking threat contributed to a series of humiliating Champions League exits against Roma (2018), Liverpool (2019), and Bayern Munich (2020).<ref>{{Cite news |last=Steinberg |first=Jacob |date=2018-04-10 |title=Kostas Manolas seals historic Roma comeback to send Barcelona out |url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2018/apr/10/roma-barcelona-champions-league-quarter-final-match-report |access-date=2025-06-27 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Taylor |first=Daniel |date=2019-05-07 |title=Liverpool stage sensational comeback to beat Barcelona and reach final |url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2019/may/07/liverpool-barcelona-champions-league-semi-final-second-leg-match-report |access-date=2025-06-27 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Bayern 8-2 Barcelona (14 Aug, 2020) Game Analysis - ESPN (UK) |url=https://www.espn.co.uk/football/report/_/gameId/573704 |access-date=2025-06-27 |website=ESPN |language=en}}</ref> Both PSG and Barcelona won multiple league titles during Neymar's tenure at PSG, but Barcelona failed to win or reach a Champions League final.<ref name="fourfourtwo.com" /> Despite his frequent injuries at PSG, Neymar stands as their [[List of Paris Saint-Germain F.C. records and statistics#All-time top scorers|fourth-highest-goalscorer of all time]] and [[List of Paris Saint-Germain F.C. records and statistics#All-time most assists|fifth-highest-assister of all time]].<ref name=":57" />

=== Al Hilal ===
On 15 August 2023, Neymar completed a transfer to [[Saudi Pro League]] club [[Al Hilal SFC|Al Hilal]] on a two-year contract, joining a list of European league players who signed for the club, including [[Rúben Neves]], [[Kalidou Koulibaly]], and [[Sergej Milinković-Savić]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Which players have signed for the Saudi Pro League? |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/7/25/which-players-have-signed-for-the-saudi-pro-league |access-date=2025-07-08 |website=Al Jazeera |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Paris Saint-Germain thank Neymar Jr, a club legend |url=https://en.psg.fr/teams/first-team/content/paris-saint-germain-thank-neymar-jr-a-club-legend |website=[[Paris Saint-Germain F.C.]] |date=15 August 2023 |access-date=15 August 2023 |archive-date=15 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230815170036/https://en.psg.fr/teams/first-team/content/paris-saint-germain-thank-neymar-jr-a-club-legend |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="AJ-Hilal">{{cite news |title=Brazil's Neymar signs for Saudi football club Al Hilal |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/sports/2023/8/15/brazils-neymar-signs-for-saudi-football-club-al-hilal |work=[[Al Jazeera English|Al Jazeera]] |date=15 August 2023 |access-date=15 August 2023 |archive-date=27 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231027002018/https://www.aljazeera.com/sports/2023/8/15/brazils-neymar-signs-for-saudi-football-club-al-hilal |url-status=live }}</ref> The transfer fee was reported to be worth €90 million, making him the most expensive purchase in Saudi Pro League history.<ref name="AJ-Hilal" /> He was also reportedly being paid €150m a year at Al Hilal, six times the amount he earned at PSG.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Neymar - superstar with a legacy unfulfilled? |work=BBC Sport |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/66505930 |access-date=28 October 2023 |archive-date=28 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231028102324/https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/66505930 |url-status=live }}</ref> According to ''[[The Independent]]'', Barcelona was the only European club that showed genuine interest in signing Neymar; other top clubs turned away primarily due to his high salary and the expected transfer fee to sign him.<ref>{{Cite web |date=14 August 2023 |title=Neymar agrees Saudi move after only one European club showed interest |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/football/neymar-saudi-arabia-al-hilal-barcelona-transfer-b2392684.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231123111040/https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/football/neymar-saudi-arabia-al-hilal-barcelona-transfer-b2392684.html |archive-date=23 November 2023 |access-date=23 November 2023 |website=The Independent}}</ref>

As a marquee signing, Neymar's transfer to Al Hilal drew comparisons to former Brazil international [[Rivellino]]'s transfer to the club in 1978.<ref name=":5" /> Some media outlets criticised Neymar for choosing to not remain in a top European league and dubbed him as the 'Prince who never became King' due to leaving Europe without winning the Ballon d'Or.<ref name=":62">{{Cite web |last=TB |first=Sai Aswin |date=20 August 2023 |title=Neymar - the Prince who never became King |url=https://thefederal.com/category/sports/neymar-the-prince-who-never-became-the-king-94577 |access-date=27 October 2023 |website=thefederal.com }}</ref><ref name=":72">{{Cite news |last=Akdeniz |first=Tolga |date=15 August 2023 |title=Neymar Junior: The dazzling Crown Prince of Brazil who failed to become King |url=https://www.flashscore.com/news/soccer-champions-league-neymar-junior-the-dazzling-crown-prince-of-brazil-who-failed-to-become-king/KfqRle0l/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240131011434/https://www.flashscore.com/news/soccer-champions-league-neymar-junior-the-dazzling-crown-prince-of-brazil-who-failed-to-become-king/KfqRle0l/ |archive-date=31 January 2024 |access-date=31 January 2024 |work=Flashscore}}</ref> However, Neymar declared, "I wouldn't be surprised if the Saudi league is better than the French", in light of fellow star players joining the league, including Ronaldo and [[Karim Benzema]].<ref name=":5">{{Cite web |date=5 October 2023 |title='Clock's ticking': Saudi's $9bn sporting blitz explained, what the point is, and why it's just the start |url=https://www.foxsports.com.au/football/saudi-arabian-football-sport-revolution-explained-which-players-have-signed-how-much-has-nation-spent/news-story/42129df147d6dd15c04cdc29035f1bbc |access-date=15 November 2023 |website=Fox Sports |archive-date=15 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231115093156/https://www.foxsports.com.au/football/saudi-arabian-football-sport-revolution-explained-which-players-have-signed-how-much-has-nation-spent/news-story/42129df147d6dd15c04cdc29035f1bbc |url-status=live}}</ref>

==== 2023–24: First matches before injury ====
[[File:Neymar Jr. with Al Hilal, 3 October 2023 - 08.jpg|thumb|Neymar celebrating his first and only goal for [[Al Hilal SFC|Al Hilal]] in October 2023]]
On 15 September 2023, he made his club debut in Saudi Arabia during a 6–1 thrashing of [[Al-Riyadh SC|Al-Riyadh]], coming off the bench and providing an assist to a goal by fellow Brazilian, [[Malcom (footballer)|Malcom]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.reuters.com/sports/soccer/neymar-makes-debut-al-hilal-hand-al-riyadh-6-1-thrashing-2023-09-16/ |title=Neymar makes debut as Al-Hilal hand Al-Riyadh 6-1 thrashing |publisher=Reuters |date=16 September 2023 |access-date=16 September 2023 |archive-date=16 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230916135131/https://www.reuters.com/sports/soccer/neymar-makes-debut-al-hilal-hand-al-riyadh-6-1-thrashing-2023-09-16/ |url-status=live}}</ref> That same year, on 3 October, Neymar scored his first goal for the club in a 3–0 away win against [[F.C. Nassaji Mazandaran|Nassaji Mazandaran]] in an [[2023–24 AFC Champions League group stage|AFC Champions League group stage]] match.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.reuters.com/sports/soccer/neymar-target-al-hilal-secure-asian-champions-league-win-2023-10-03/ |title=Neymar on target as Al-Hilal secure Asian Champions League win |website=Reuters |date=3 October 2023 |access-date=3 October 2023 |archive-date=3 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231003201331/https://www.reuters.com/sports/soccer/neymar-target-al-hilal-secure-asian-champions-league-win-2023-10-03/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Having played five games for his new club, Neymar [[Anterior cruciate ligament injury|ruptured his anterior cruciate ligament]] while on international duty in October 2023.<ref name="ACL injury">{{cite news |title=Neymar to have surgery after ACL injury |publisher=BBC Sport |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/67152531 |date=18 October 2023 |access-date=18 October 2023 |archive-date=18 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231018205021/https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/67152531 |url-status=live }}</ref> In January 2024, Al Hilal deregistered Neymar as a result of his season ending injury, in order to free up one of the eight foreign roster spots for [[Renan Lodi]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=21 January 2024 |title=Renan Lodi replaces Neymar: Al Hilal deregisters him as they run out of space. – Super European League |url=https://supereuropeanleague.com/renan-lodi-replaces-neymar-al-hilal-deregisters-him-as-they-run-out-of-space/ |access-date=21 January 2024 |archive-date=9 February 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240209183403/https://supereuropeanleague.com/renan-lodi-replaces-neymar-al-hilal-deregisters-him-as-they-run-out-of-space/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Al Hilal won the [[2023–24 Saudi Pro League|league title]]; despite Neymar playing just three games in the league, he collected his eighth career league title.<ref name=":56" />

==== 2024–25: Return from injury and termination of contract ====
Neymar returned to action on 21 October 2024 during Al Hilal's [[2024–25 AFC Champions League Elite|AFC Champions League]] match against [[Al Ain FC|Al Ain]], marking his comeback after a lengthy absence.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.beinsports.com/en-mena/football/afc-champions-league/articles-video/neymar-returns-for-al-hilal-in-al-ain-thriller-2024-10-21 |title=Neymar returns for Al Hilal in Al Ain thriller |publisher=beIN SPORTS |date=21 October 2024 }}</ref> However, a few weeks later, he suffered a hamstring injury that sidelined him for the rest of the year.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.reuters.com/sports/soccer/neymar-miss-least-month-due-hamstring-injury-2024-11-06/ |title=Neymar to miss at least a month due to hamstring injury |publisher=Reuters |date=6 November 2024 }}</ref> At the end of 2024, Neymar was named as one of three winners of the Player Career Award at the [[Globe Soccer Awards]], alongside former England defender [[Rio Ferdinand]] and Belgium goalkeeper [[Thibaut Courtois]].<ref name=":19">{{Cite web |date=2024-12-28 |title='My name written in football history' - Neymar promises he 'won't stop here' after Al-Hilal and Brazil hero wins prize at Globe Soccer Awards |url=https://www.goal.com/en/lists/neymar-promises-wont-stop-after-al-hilal-brazil-hero-wins-prize-globe-soccer-awards/blt28636ec8beb98f4a |access-date=2025-06-03 |website=www.goal.com }}</ref> After receiving the award, Neymar posted his gratitude on social media to say his name is "written in football history" and he has more to give in the game.<ref name=":19" />

On 17 January 2025, Neymar said in an interview that he was considering playing in Brazil again: "I always said I want to play for Flamengo because of everything that involves Flamengo, but Santos is my boyhood love, my home."<ref>{{Cite news |date=2025-01-28 |title=Neymar leaves Al-Hilal after seven appearances amid Santos return reports |url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2025/jan/28/neymar-leaves-al-hilal-santos |access-date=2025-07-12 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> Later in January, Neymar was not registered for the league competition during the second half of the [[2024–25 Saudi Pro League|2024–25 season]], in which Al Hilal coach [[Jorge Jesus]] stated in the press room: "Neymar can no longer perform at the level we are used to. Things have become difficult for him, unfortunately".<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.besoccer.com/new/neymar-not-registered-for-second-half-of-saudi-league-season-1344430 |title=Neymar NOT registered for second half of Saudi league season |publisher=BeSoccer |date=17 January 2025 }}</ref> On 27 January 2025, the club announced an agreement for the termination of his contract by mutual consent.<ref>{{Cite tweet |author=AlHilal Saudi Club |user=Alhilal_EN |number=1884015745589518834 |date=27 January 2025 |title=Full club statement 🔹 |access-date=27 January 2025 |link=https://x.com/Alhilal_EN/status/1884015745589518834 }}</ref> In a leaving message, Neymar said, "I gave it all to play, and I wish we could have enjoyed better moments together on the field".<ref>{{Cite web |last=play |first=The Brazilian posted a message on his social media directed at the team that has been his until now In the words, he assures that he gave it all to |title=Neymar's Farewell Message After Leaving Al-Hilal |url=https://www.beinsports.com/en-us/soccer/articles-video/neymar-s-farewell-message-after-leaving-al-hilal-2025-01-28 |access-date=2025-07-12 |website=beIN SPORTS |language=en-us}}</ref>

Neymar totalled one goal and three assists in seven appearances for Al Hilal;<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-11-07 |title=Neymar's Al Hilal Contract Situation Could Pave Way for Inter Miami Transfer |url=https://www.si.com/soccer/neymar-al-hilal-contract-inter-miami-transfer |access-date=2025-02-28 |website=SI }}</ref> considering his transfer fee and wages, various media outlets debated whether Neymar's transfer to the club is the worst transfer in football history.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Staff |first=The Athletic UK |title=Who is football's worst transfer ever? From Neymar and Antony to Coutinho and Hazard |url=https://www.nytimes.com/athletic/6102516/2025/02/01/transfer-worst-ever-neymar-antony/# |access-date=2025-03-02 |work=The New York Times |date=February 2025 |issn=0362-4331}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-11-07 |title=Neymar to Al-Hilal: The worst transfer in football history |url=https://www.goal.com/en-gb/lists/neymar-al-hilal-worst-transfer-football-history/bltb5ae92c60547f31d |access-date=2025-03-02 |website=www.goal.com }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |author1=Ryan Dabbs |date=2025-01-29 |title=Is Neymar to Al-Hilal the worst transfer ever? |url=https://www.fourfourtwo.com/news/is-neymar-to-al-hilal-the-worst-transfer-ever |access-date=2025-03-02 |website=fourfourtwo.com }}</ref>

===Return to Santos===
[[File:Santos x Fortaleza - 02-11-2025 24.jpg|thumb|240x240px|Neymar playing for [[Santos FC|Santos]] in 2025]]
On 30 January 2025, Neymar announced through his social media that he would be signing a contract with his first club [[Santos FC|Santos]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-01-28 |title=Neymar returns to Brazilian club Santos after termination of contract in Saudi Arabia |url=https://apnews.com/article/saudi-al-hilal-neymar-terminate-contract-0c6470e475b427b6a240f0ec18e0bb48 |access-date=2025-01-30 |website=AP News }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://ge.globo.com/sp/santos-e-regiao/futebol/times/santos/noticia/2025/01/30/neymar-anuncia-retorno-ao-santos.ghtml|title=Neymar anuncia retorno ao Brasil: "Só o Santos pode me proporcionar o carinho que eu preciso"|trans-title=Neymar announce return to Brazil: "Only Santos can give me the love that I need"|publisher=[[Grupo Globo|ge]]|language=pt-BR|date=30 January 2025|accessdate=30 January 2025}}</ref> The following day, Santos confirmed his return.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://ge.globo.com/sp/santos-e-regiao/futebol/times/santos/noticia/2025/01/31/santos-anuncia-a-contratacao-de-neymar.ghtml|title=Santos anuncia a contratação de Neymar: "Vai ser uma honra vestir esse manto sagrado"|trans-title=Santos announce the signing of Neymar: "It will be an honor to wear this holy shirt"|publisher=[[Grupo Globo|ge]]|language=pt-BR|date=31 January 2025|accessdate=31 January 2025}}</ref> One of the reasons for Neymar returning to Santos was to regain top form ahead of the [[2026 FIFA World Cup|2026 World Cup]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Neymar on 2026 World Cup: 'I am going after this trophy in any way I can' |url=https://www.foxsports.com/stories/soccer/neymar-2026-world-cup-i-am-going-after-trophy-any-way-i-can |access-date=2025-06-27 |website=FOX Sports |language=en-US}}</ref> He started wearing the number 10 jersey, the number which Pelé had worn during his time spent between 1956 and 1974.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-01-31 |title=Foot : «Honorer ta légende», Neymar portera le mythique numéro 10 du roi Pelé avec Santos |url=https://www.lefigaro.fr/sports/football/foot-honorer-ta-legende-neymar-portera-le-mythique-numero-10-du-roi-pele-avec-santos-20250131 |access-date=2025-02-02 |website=Le Figaro |language=fr}}</ref>
Neymar made his re-debut for ''Peixe'' on 6 February, coming on as a half-time substitute for [[Gabriel Bontempo]] in a 1–1 Campeonato Paulista home draw against [[Botafogo Futebol Clube (SP)|Botafogo-SP]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.lance.com.br/santos/botafogo-surpreende-e-arranca-empate-com-o-santos-em-reestreia-de-neymar.html|title=Melhores momentos: Neymar reestreia com empate em Santos x Botafogo-SP|trans-title=Highlights: Neymar re-debuts with a draw at Santos vs Botafogo-SP|publisher=[[Lance!]]|language=pt-BR|date=5 February 2025|accessdate=6 February 2025}}</ref> According to [[Reuters]], "The Urbano Caldeira stadium erupted in celebration as jubilant and tearful fans lit up their mobile phones to give the striker, who left the club 12 years ago, a hero's welcome before kick-off."<ref>{{Cite web |title=Neymar makes lacklustre Santos return in 1–1 draw with Botafogo |url=https://www.reuters.com/sports/soccer/neymar-makes-lacklustre-santos-return-1-1-draw-with-botafogo-2025-02-06/ |publisher=[[Reuters]]|date=6 February 2025}}</ref> He received the [[Player of the match|Man of the Match]] award after the match.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Watach |first1=Nestor |title=Neymar's first touch on his fairytale Santos return is guaranteed to make you wince |url=https://www.planetfootball.com/latest/neymar-santos-debut-last-dance-era-moment-made-us-wince |website=Global Food |access-date=20 February 2025 |date=6 February 2025}}</ref>

He scored his first goal after returning ten days later, netting the opener in a 3–1 home win over [[Esporte Clube Água Santa|Água Santa]] through a penalty; he also assisted [[Guilherme (footballer, born 1995)|Guilherme]] in the club's third goal, and received another Man of the Match award.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://ge.globo.com/sp/santos-e-regiao/futebol/times/santos/noticia/2025/02/16/neymar-faz-primeiro-gol-em-retorno-ao-santos-e-volta-a-marcar-pelo-clube-apos-13-anos.ghtml|title=Neymar faz primeiro gol em retorno ao Santos e volta a marcar pelo clube após 13 anos|trans-title=Neymar scores first goal in return to Santos and scores for the club again after 13 years|publisher=[[Grupo Globo|ge]]|language=pt-BR|date=16 February 2025|accessdate=17 February 2025}}</ref> On 23 February, Neymar scored directly from a corner kick in a 3–0 win over [[Associação Atlética Internacional (Limeira)|Inter de Limeira]], and earned another Man of the Match.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.upi.com/Sports_News/Soccer/2025/02/24/brazil-Neymar-first-corner-kick-goal/6901740406590/|title=Watch: Neymar irks jeering crowd by scoring first corner kick goal - UPI.com|website=UPI}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.espn.com/soccer/story/_/id/43992523/neymar-scores-directly-corner-draw-cheers-opposition-fans|title=Neymar scores direct from corner: 'I meant it'|date=24 February 2025|website=ESPN.com}}</ref> With his physical fitness experiencing an improvement compared to his time at Al-Hilal,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Brazil |first=As rumors about his return to Barcelona keep growing day by day, Neymar is proving in every match with Santos in this second stint in |title=Neymar Shows Off Again with Santos as Rumors Grow About a Return to Barcelona |url=https://www.beinsports.com/en-us/soccer/articles-video/neymar-shows-off-again-with-santos-as-rumors-grow-about-a-return-to-barcelona-2025-03-03 |access-date=2025-06-03 |website=beIN SPORTS }}</ref> he would make his [[Campeonato Brasileiro Série A|Série A]] debut on 13 March, coming on as a substitute 1–0 loss against [[Fluminense FC|Fluminense]]. On 16 April, Neymar wore the number 100 jersey for the match against [[Clube Atlético Mineiro|Atlético Mineiro]] which resulted in a 2–0 win, landmarking his 100th match at the [[Estádio Urbano Caldeira|Vila Belmiro]]; he would feature in only 32 minutes during the match, however, and was subbed off after suffering an injury.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://ge.globo.com/sp/santos-e-regiao/futebol/times/santos/noticia/2025/04/16/neymar-usa-camisa-especial-em-comemoracao-ao-100o-jogo-pelo-santos-na-vila-veja.ghtml|title=Neymar usa camisa especial em comemoração ao 100º jogo pelo Santos na Vila; veja|trans-title=Neymar wears special shirt celebrating 100th match for Santos at the Vila; check out|publisher=[[Grupo Globo|ge]]|language=pt-BR|date=16 April 2025|accessdate=16 June 2025}}</ref>

Neymar spent more than a month sidelined before returning in [[2025 Copa do Brasil]] match against [[Clube de Regatas Brasil|CRB]] in [[Maceió]]; coming on as a second-half substitute, he converted his penalty in the shoot-out, but his side was knocked out.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://exame.com/esporte/neymar-volta-apos-lesao-mas-santos-e-eliminado-pelo-crb-na-copa-do-brasil-2025/|title=Neymar volta após lesão, mas Santos é eliminado pelo CRB na Copa do Brasil 2025|trans-title=Neymar returns after injury, but Santos is knocked out by CRB in the 2025 Copa do Brasil|publisher=[[Exame]]|language=pt-BR|date=23 May 2025|accessdate=16 June 2025}}</ref> Neymar also came on from the bench in a 1–0 away win over [[Esporte Clube Vitória|Vitória]] on 25 May, before returning to the starting line-up seven days later in a match against [[Botafogo de Futebol e Regatas|Botafogo]]. Deployed as a [[false nine]], he played for 76 minutes in the match before being sent off after [[Handball (association football)|handballing]]; Santos eventually lost the match 1–0, with the opponent's goal coming ten minutes after his ejection.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://ge.globo.com/sp/santos-e-regiao/futebol/times/santos/noticia/2025/06/01/neymar-e-expulso-apos-fazer-gol-de-mao-e-so-volta-a-jogar-pelo-santos-se-renovar-contrato.ghtml|title=Neymar é expulso após fazer gol de mão e só volta a jogar pelo Santos se renovar contrato|trans-title=Neymar is sent off after scoring hand goal and only returns to play for Santos if he renews his contract|publisher=[[Grupo Globo|ge]]|language=pt-BR|date=1 June 2025|accessdate=16 June 2025}}</ref> On 24 June, Santos announced Neymar's contract renewal until the end of the year, with an option for a further six months.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.santosfc.com.br/eu-vou-eu-volto-eu-fico-onde-tudo-comecou-onde-nunca-vai-acabar-neymar-jr-renova-contrato-com-o-santos-fc/ |title="Eu vou, eu volto, eu fico. Onde tudo começou. Onde nunca vai acabar": Neymar Jr renova contrato com o Santos FC |trans-title="I go, I come back, I stay. Where it all began. Where it will never end": Neymar Jr renews contract with Santos FC |publisher=Santos FC |language=pt-BR |date=24 June 2025 |accessdate=25 June 2025}}</ref> The club's president Marcelo Teixeira said that Neymar's return to Santos has led to record-breaking social media growth and significant commercial gains for the club.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-06-24 |title=Neymar stays 'home,' renews Santos contract |url=https://www.espn.co.uk/football/story/_/id/45574408/neymar-extends-santos-contract-2025 |access-date=2025-06-27 |website=ESPN.com |language=en}}</ref> On his first match after the renewal, he scored the winner in a 1–0 home success over [[CR Flamengo|Flamengo]] on 16 July.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://english.news.cn/20250717/f04420f3847b4e098b37ccd47660c318/c.html|title=Neymar scores late as Santos beats Flamengo|publisher=[[Xinhua News Agency]]|date=17 July 2025|accessdate=17 July 2025}}</ref>

On 4 August, Neymar scored twice in a 3–1 win against [[Esporte Clube Juventude|Juventude]], enhancing Santos' hopes of remaining in the top division.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Sanderson |first=Tom |date=2025-08-06 |title=Neymar's return to Brazil: mixed form, a fight with a fan and a few great goals |url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2025/aug/06/neymar-return-brazil-mixed-form-fight-fan-goals-santos |access-date=2025-08-06 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> In September, he suffered another [[thigh]] injury while training,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espn.com.br/futebol/santos/artigo/_/id/15718793/neymar-registra-tratamento-lesao-ct-santos|title=Mais uma vez machucado, Neymar registra tratamento de lesão no CT do Santos|trans-title=Once again injured, Neymar registers treatment in Santos' training ground|publisher=[[ESPN Brasil]]|language=pt-BR|date=23 September 2025|accessdate=13 November 2025}}</ref> and spent 48 days sidelined before returning to action.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://ge.globo.com/sp/santos-e-regiao/futebol/times/santos/noticia/2025/11/01/neymar-volta-a-jogar-pelo-santos-apos-48-dias-fora-por-lesao-na-coxa.ghtml|title=Neymar volta a jogar pelo Santos após 48 dias fora por lesão na coxa|trans-title=Neymar returns to play for Santos after 48 days out due to a thigh injury|publisher=[[Grupo Globo|ge]]|language=pt-BR|date=1 November 2025|accessdate=13 November 2025}}</ref> Later that year, on 3 December, he scored his first hat-trick since his return in a 3–0 away win over Juventude.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://onefootball.com/de/news/neymar-hat-trick-sends-santos-into-final-round-in-comfort-42044843 |title=Neymar hat-trick sends Santos into final round in comfort |publisher=OneFootball |date=4 December 2025 }}</ref> On 6 January 2026, he extended his contract with the club until the end of the year.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.santosfc.com.br/santos-fc-e-neymar-jr-renovam-contrato-ate-o-fim-de-2026/|title=Santos FC e Neymar Jr. renovam contrato até o fim de 2026|trans-title=Santos FC and Neymar Jr. renew contract until the end of 2026|publisher=Santos FC|language=pt-BR|date=6 January 2026|accessdate=7 January 2026}}</ref>

==International career==

=== 2010–2012: Senior debut and first major tournaments ===

[[File:Neymar.jpg|thumb|left|Neymar at a press conference for [[Brazil national football team|Brazil]] in August 2010. He made his senior debut that month aged 18.]]
Following Neymar's performances for Santos in their successful early 2010 season, including winning the [[2010 Copa do Brasil]], in which he was the top goalscorer, and the [[2010 Campeonato Paulista]], in which he scored 14 goals, former Brazilian football players Pelé and Romário reportedly urged coach [[Dunga]] to take Neymar to the [[2010 FIFA World Cup|2010 World Cup]].<ref name="Brazilians want Neymar" /> Although the opinion that Neymar deserved a place in Dunga's squad went as far as a {{gaps|14|000}} signature petition,<ref name="Brazilians want Neymar"/><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2010/may/04/world-cup-watch-37-days-to-go|title=World Cup watch ... 37 days to go|date=4 May 2010|work=The Guardian|location=UK|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170305032643/https://www.theguardian.com/football/2010/may/04/world-cup-watch-37-days-to-go|archive-date=5 March 2017}}</ref> and despite the pressure on Dunga to pick Neymar,<ref>{{cite news|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/world_cup_2010/8669086.stm|title=Brazil coach Dunga faces World Cup selection challenge|date=7 May 2010|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150611133541/http://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/news/newsid%3D2255077.html|archive-date=11 June 2015}}</ref> he was omitted from both the squad of 23,<ref>{{cite news|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/world_cup_2010/8676077.stm|title=Ronaldinho left out of Brazil World Cup squad|date=11 May 2010|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170805150705/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/world_cup_2010/8676077.stm|archive-date=5 August 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/2010/soccer/world-cup-2010/writers/tim_vickery/05/14/brazil.roster/|title=Brazil's Dunga unfazed by critics|date=18 May 2010|work=CNN|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100521091201/http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/2010/soccer/world-cup-2010/writers/tim_vickery/05/14/brazil.roster/|archive-date=21 May 2010}}</ref> and the stand-by list.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://pitacodogringo.wordpress.com/2010/05/11/tottenham%E2%80%99s-sandro-ranieri-on-brazil%E2%80%99s-world-cup2010-reserve-list/|title=Tottenham Hotspur's Sandro Ranieri on Brazil's World Cup2010 reserve list|date=11 May 2010|publisher=Picato do Gringo|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100516235255/http://pitacodogringo.wordpress.com/2010/05/11/tottenham%E2%80%99s-sandro-ranieri-on-brazil%E2%80%99s-world-cup2010-reserve-list/|archive-date=16 May 2010}}</ref> Although Dunga described Neymar as "extremely talented", he said that the 18-year-old had not been tested sufficiently on the international level to earn a World Cup spot and he had failed to impress enough while on international duty.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://soccernet.espn.go.com/world-cup/story/_/id/785217/ce/uk/?cc=5739&ver=global |title=Ronaldinho misses Brazil cut |date=11 May 2010 |work=ESPN Soccernet |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100514091654/http://soccernet.espn.go.com/world-cup/story/_/id/785217/ce/uk/?cc=5739&ver=global |archive-date=14 May 2010 }}</ref>

On 26 July 2010, Neymar was selected for the first time in the [[Brazil national football team|Brazil senior team]] by new head coach [[Mano Menezes]] for a friendly match against the [[United States men's national soccer team|United States]] to be played in [[East Rutherford, New Jersey]]. On 10 August 2010, he made his debut with the national team in that game, aged 18 years old, starting the match and wearing the number 11 jersey. He scored on his debut after 28 minutes, a header coming from an [[André Santos]] cross in a 2–0 win for Brazil.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://soccernet.espn.go.com/news/story?id=813452&sec=global&cc=5739|title=Neymar scores on Brazil debut|date=11 August 2010|work=ESPN Soccernet|access-date=13 August 2010|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121102085237/http://soccernet.espn.go.com/news/story?id=813452&sec=global&cc=5739|archive-date=2 November 2012}}</ref> On 1 March 2011, Neymar said: "Being on the Brazilian team is a privilege. There are some marvelous players and I'm very happy to be among them."<ref name="Samba Star" />
[[File:André Santos, Neymar and Ramires celebrate Neymars goal.jpg|thumb|right|Neymar [[Goal celebration|celebrates his goal]] for Brazil against [[Scotland national football team|Scotland]], on 27 March 2011, with [[André Santos]] and [[Ramires]].]]
On 27 March 2011, he scored twice in a 2–0 win against [[Scotland national football team|Scotland]] at the [[Emirates Stadium]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/scotland/9431234.stm|title=Scotland 0–2 Brazil|date=27 March 2011|publisher=BBC Sport|access-date=29 March 2011|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150611133541/http://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/news/newsid%3D2255077.html|archive-date=11 June 2015}}</ref> During the match against Scotland, a banana was thrown onto the pitch after he scored from the penalty spot, which led Neymar to complain about 'constant jeering and an atmosphere of racism', implying that Scottish fans exhibited racism.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2011/mar/27/neymar-racism-brazil-scotland | location=London | work=The Guardian | first=Ewan | last=Murray | title=Brazil's Neymar answers back after banana is thrown in Scotland match | date=27 March 2011 | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170305031551/https://www.theguardian.com/football/2011/mar/27/neymar-racism-brazil-scotland | archive-date=5 March 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mirrorfootball.co.uk/news/International-friendly-Scotland-0-2-Brazil-Neymar-complains-that-banana-was-thrown-at-him-article717728.html |title=Brazil-Scotland friendly marred by Neymar banana incident |date=27 March 2011 |publisher=BBC Sport |access-date=29 March 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110728094347/http://www.mirrorfootball.co.uk/news/International-friendly-Scotland-0-2-Brazil-Neymar-complains-that-banana-was-thrown-at-him-article717728.html |archive-date=28 July 2011 }}</ref> While Scottish officials explained that Neymar had been booed solely for perceived injury-feigning, a German student who was in the stadium amongst Brazil supporters said that he threw the banana with no racist intentions. This led to the [[Scottish Football Association]] asking the [[Brazilian Football Confederation]] for an apology for the accusations made to the Scottish fans.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2011/mar/29/german-teenager-banana-brazil | location=London | work=The Guardian | first=Ewan | last=Murray | title=German teenager admits throwing banana during Brazil v Scotland match | date=29 March 2011 | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170305032357/https://www.theguardian.com/football/2011/mar/29/german-teenager-banana-brazil | archive-date=5 March 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/scotland/12925272|title=Scottish FA seeks apology from Brazil over racism claim|date=31 March 2011|publisher=BBC Sport|access-date=31 March 2011|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150611133541/http://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/news/newsid%3D2255077.html|archive-date=11 June 2015}}</ref> Neymar refused to apologise or retract his words, claiming he "did not accuse any person or any group of supporters".<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2011/mar/31/scottish-fa-apology-brazil-racism-neymar | location=London | work=The Guardian | first=Ewan | last=Murray | title=Scottish FA demands apology from Brazil over claims of racism | date=31 March 2011 | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170305032254/https://www.theguardian.com/football/2011/mar/31/scottish-fa-apology-brazil-racism-neymar | archive-date=5 March 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2011/apr/01/brazil-neymar-scotland-racism-claims | location=London | work=The Guardian | title=Brazil's Neymar refuses to apologise to Scotland for racism claims | date=1 April 2011 | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170305031830/https://www.theguardian.com/football/2011/apr/01/brazil-neymar-scotland-racism-claims | archive-date=5 March 2017}}</ref>

Neymar was the leading goalscorer of the [[2011 South American Youth Championship]] with nine goals, including two in the final, in Brazil's 6–0 win against Uruguay.<ref>{{cite news|title=Brazil hit heights once more |url=https://www.fifa.com/u20worldcup/news/y=2011/m=2/news=brazil-hit-heights-once-more-1382702.html|agency=FIFA.com|date=21 August 2016|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170305063735/http://www.fifa.com/u20worldcup/news/y%3D2011/m%3D2/news%3Dbrazil-hit-heights-once-more-1382702.html|archive-date=5 March 2017}}</ref> He also took part at the [[2011 Copa América]] in [[Argentina]], where he scored two goals in the first-round game against [[Ecuador national football team|Ecuador]]. He was selected 'Man of the Match' in Brazil's first match against [[Venezuela national football team|Venezuela]], which ended a [[2011 Copa América Group B#Brazil v Venezuela|1–1]] draw. Brazil were eliminated in the quarter-finals in a [[Penalty shoot-out (association football)|penalty shoot-out]] against [[Paraguay national football team|Paraguay]] (2–2 [[Overtime (association football)|a.e.t.]]), with Neymar being substituted in the 80th minute.<ref>{{cite news|title=Brazil v Paraguay – As it happened |url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2011/jul/17/brazil-paraguay-live-copa-america|work=The Guardian|date=21 August 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140810012754/http://www.theguardian.com/football/2011/jul/17/brazil-paraguay-live-copa-america|archive-date=10 August 2014}}</ref>
[[File:Lucas e Neymar 02.jpg|thumb|Neymar with Brazilian teammate [[Lucas Moura]] on international duty in 2012]]
By 20 years old, Neymar was viewed as the star player of the national team.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Borden |first=Sam |date=2012-07-10 |title=A Soccer Prodigy, at Home in Brazil |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/07/10/sports/soccer/neymar-soccer-prodigy-is-at-home-in-brazil.html |access-date=2025-06-02 |work=The New York Times |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> On 11 May 2012, Neymar was selected for the squad of the [[Brazil Olympic football team]] to participate in the [[London 2012 Olympic Games]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www1.skysports.com/olympics/football/ones-to-watch/21746/7060689/ |location=London |publisher=Sky Sports |title=Neymar Profile for 2012 Olympics |date=29 June 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120623115348/http://www1.skysports.com/olympics/football/ones-to-watch/21746/7060689/ |archive-date=23 June 2012 }}</ref>
In Brazil's first warm-up match on 20 July 2012, against the host nation [[Great Britain national football team|Great Britain]] at [[Riverside Stadium]], Neymar was involved in both goals of a 2–0 win, first making an assist with a free-kick into the six-yard box for [[Sandro (footballer, born 1989)|Sandro]]'s header, before converting a penalty.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/olympics/18929315 | location=London | publisher=BBC Sport | title=Team GB were outclassed by Neymar | date=20 July 2012 | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120904210333/http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/olympics/18929315 | archive-date=4 September 2012}}</ref> On 26 July, he scored his first goal in Brazil's opening fixture against [[Egypt national under-23 football team|Egypt]], which ended a 3–2 victory for Brazil.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://london2012.bbc.co.uk/football/event/men/match=fbm400c02/doc=results.html |location=London |publisher=BBC Sport |title=Brazil 3–2 Egypt |date=26 July 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120731223405/http://london2012.bbc.co.uk/football/event/men/match%3Dfbm400c02/doc%3Dresults.html |archive-date=31 July 2012 }}</ref> In the following match against [[Belarus national under-23 football team|Belarus]] at [[Old Trafford]] in Manchester, Neymar scored a free-kick from 25-yards into the top-right corner of the goal and set up goals for [[Alexandre Pato]]'s header with a cross from the right and [[Oscar (footballer, born 1991)|Oscar]] with a back heel as Brazil secured their place in the quarter-finals with a 3–1 win. Afterwards he said: "I scored and made two assists so for me it was perfect".<ref>{{cite news | url=http://soccernet.espn.go.com/news/story/_/id/1128175/men's-olympics:-neymar-lifts-brazil,-uruguay-stunned?cc=3888 | publisher=ESPN | title=Neymar lifts Brazil | date=29 July 2012 | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150611133541/http://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/news/newsid%3D2255077.html | archive-date=11 June 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://london2012.bbc.co.uk/football/event/men/match=fbm400c03/index.html |location=London |publisher=BBC Sport |title=Brazil 3–1 Belarus |date=29 July 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120730083726/http://london2012.bbc.co.uk/football/event/men/match%3Dfbm400c03/index.html |archive-date=30 July 2012 }}</ref>

On 5 August 2012, in the quarter-final encounter against [[Honduras national under-23 football team|Honduras]], Neymar scored a penalty, his third goal of the tournament and assisted in [[Leandro Damião]]'s second goal on the match, to help Brazil to a 3–2 victory at [[St James' Park]] and book a place in the semi-finals.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://london2012.bbc.co.uk/football/event/men/match=fbm400302/index.html |location=London |publisher=BBC Sport |title=Brazil 3–2 Honduras |date=4 August 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120805013453/http://london2012.bbc.co.uk/football/event/men/match%3Dfbm400302/index.html |archive-date=5 August 2012 }}</ref> On 11 August, Brazil lost 2–1 to [[Mexico national under-23 football team|Mexico]] in the final at [[Wembley Stadium]] in London.<ref>{{cite news|title=Mexico 2–1 Brazil: Olympic final match report|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/olympics/football/9469331/Mexico-2-1-Brazil-Olympic-final-match-report.html|issue=12 August 2012|work=The Telegraph|date=9 April 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151006211535/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/olympics/football/9469331/Mexico-2-1-Brazil-Olympic-final-match-report.html|archive-date=6 October 2015}}</ref>

Neymar scored his first full international hat-trick on 10 September 2012, in an 8–0 win over [[China national football team|China]] at the [[Estádio José do Rego Maciel]] in [[Recife]].<ref>{{cite news|last1=Edwards|first1=Daniel|title=Brazil 8–0 China: Neymar nets hat trick in crushing victory|url=http://www.goal.com/en-us/match/brazil-vs-china-pr/1377193/report?ICID=MP_MS_5|access-date=12 June 2014|work=Goal.com|date=10 September 2012|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140726091739/http://www.goal.com/en-us/match/brazil-vs-china-pr/1377193/report?ICID=MP_MS_5|archive-date=26 July 2014}}</ref> On 19 September, Neymar scored the winner against Argentina in a 2–1 win in the first leg of the [[2012 Superclásico de las Américas]] at the [[Estádio Serra Dourada]] in [[Goiânia]], Brazil.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.fifa.com/worldfootball/news/newsid=1939984.html |title=Brazil edge rivals Argentina |date=22 November 2012 |publisher=FIFA |access-date=30 June 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140709012021/http://www.fifa.com/worldfootball/news/newsid%3D1939984.html |archive-date=9 July 2014 }}</ref>

=== 2013–2014: Confederations Cup triumph and World Cup breakthrough ===
[[File:Pique&neymar.jpg|thumb|Neymar playing against Spain's [[Gerard Piqué]] in the [[2013 FIFA Confederations Cup Final]]]]

Neymar was selected as part of [[Luiz Felipe Scolari]]'s Brazil squad for the [[2013 FIFA Confederations Cup|2013 Confederations Cup]] on home soil. For the tournament he was assigned the number 10 shirt, having previously worn 11.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://sports.inquirer.net/105255/football-neymar-renews-brazils-number-10-love-affair|title=Neymar renews Brazil's number 10 love affair|date=16 June 2013|access-date=18 June 2013|work=Inquirer|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130620162230/http://sports.inquirer.net/105255/football-neymar-renews-brazils-number-10-love-affair|archive-date=20 June 2013}}</ref>

Neymar scored the first goal of the tournament in a 3–0 win over [[Japan national football team|Japan]] at the [[Estádio Nacional Mané Garrincha]] on 15 June.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.fifa.com/confederationscup/news/newsid=2109892/index.html |title=Three and easy for Brazil |publisher=FIFA |date=15 June 2013 |access-date=18 May 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140522143826/http://www.fifa.com/confederationscup/news/newsid%3D2109892/index.html |archive-date=22 May 2014 }}</ref> In their second match, Neymar scored after nine minutes and crossed for [[Jô]]'s late goal to give Brazil a 2–0 win over [[Mexico national football team|Mexico]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/soccer/news/20130619/brazil-mexico-neymar-confederations-cup.ap/ |title=Neymar, Brazil beat Mexico in Confederations Cup |agency=Associated Press |magazine=Sports Illustrated |date=19 June 2013 |access-date=18 May 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203004135/http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/soccer/news/20130619/brazil-mexico-neymar-confederations-cup.ap/ |archive-date=3 December 2013 }}</ref> He scored in his third consecutive match, with a powerful free kick from the edge of the penalty area, as Brazil beat [[Italy national football team|Italy]] 4–2, and received his third consecutive man-of-the-match award.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.fifa.com/confederationscup/matches/round=255199/match=300222457/summary.html |title=Fred brace sees Brazil top group |publisher=FIFA |date=22 June 2013 |access-date=18 May 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140522142913/http://www.fifa.com/confederationscup/matches/round%3D255199/match%3D300222457/summary.html |archive-date=22 May 2014 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.fifa.com/confederationscup/awards/manofthematch/ |title=Man of the match |publisher=FIFA |access-date=18 May 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140522143319/http://www.fifa.com/confederationscup/awards/manofthematch/ |archive-date=22 May 2014 }}</ref> On 30 June, Neymar was involved in [[Fred (footballer, born 1983)|Fred]]'s opening goal and then subsequently scored Brazil's second in the 3–0 [[2013 FIFA Confederations Cup Final|final]] victory over [[Spain national football team|Spain]].<ref name="Brazil 3–0 Spain">{{cite web|author=Ben Smith|date=1 July 2013|title=Brazil 3–0 Spain|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/23093784|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190808215622/https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/23093784|archive-date=8 August 2019|access-date=2 September 2017|publisher=BBC Sport}}</ref> Neymar's performances saw him receive the [[Golden Ball (FIFA Confederations Cup)|Golden Ball]] for player of the tournament.<ref name="prosoccertalk.nbcsports.com">{{cite news|url=http://prosoccertalk.nbcsports.com/2013/06/30/confederations-cup-awards-neymar-fernando-torres-brazil-spain-golden-ball-shoe-boot/|title=Neymar wins best player, and yes, Torres picks up another award|date=30 June 2013|work=NBC|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130702160231/http://prosoccertalk.nbcsports.com/2013/06/30/confederations-cup-awards-neymar-fernando-torres-brazil-spain-golden-ball-shoe-boot/|archive-date=2 July 2013}}</ref> He also finished in 5th place for the [[2013 FIFA Ballon d'Or]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=FIFA |url=http://www.fifa.com/mm/document/ballond%27or/general/02/26/14/03/votes_percentage_al_awards_neutral.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140712052118/http://www.fifa.com/mm/document/ballond%27or/general/02/26/14/03/votes_percentage_al_awards_neutral.pdf |archive-date=12 July 2014 |access-date=2025-07-09 |website=www.fifa.com |url-status=live }}</ref>

On 5 March 2014, Neymar scored a hat-trick in a friendly win against [[South Africa national football team|South Africa]] in [[Johannesburg]]. He made headlines for his conduct after the final whistle when a South African boy ran onto the pitch. As security staff began to escort the boy from the field, Neymar intervened and introduced him to his Brazil teammates before they lifted him in the air during their celebrations.<ref name="South Africa">[https://www.mirror.co.uk/sport/football/news/watch-heartwarming-moment-neymar-brazil-3211567 "Watch the heartwarming moment Neymar and Brazil embraced a jubilant young South African fan"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140603195808/http://www.mirror.co.uk/sport/football/news/watch-heartwarming-moment-neymar-brazil-3211567 |date=3 June 2014 }}. The Mirror. Retrieved 3 June 2014</ref><ref>[http://ftw.usatoday.com/2014/03/neymar-brazil-south-africa-little-adorable-kid "An adorable kid ran on to the field during the Brazil-South Africa game"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140606204118/http://ftw.usatoday.com/2014/03/neymar-brazil-south-africa-little-adorable-kid |date=6 June 2014 }}. USA Today. Retrieved 3 June 2014</ref>

{{multiple image
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| caption1 = Neymar prepares to take a free kick during Brazil's opening match of the [[2014 FIFA World Cup]] against Croatia.
| image2 = Brazil and Mexico match at the FIFA World Cup 2014-06-17 (19).jpg
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| caption2 = Neymar evading a tackle against [[Mexico national football team|Mexico]] at the 2014 World Cup
}}

On 2 June, Neymar was named in the Brazil squad for the [[2014 FIFA World Cup|2014 World Cup]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/football/teams/brazil/10810176/Brazil-World-Cup-2014-squad.html|title=Brazil World Cup 2014 squad|date=2 June 2014|access-date=24 June 2014|work=The Telegraph|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140602213130/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/football/teams/brazil/10810176/Brazil-World-Cup-2014-squad.html|archive-date=2 June 2014}}</ref> Going into the tournament, as the team's star player Neymar was expected to lead Brazil to their sixth World Cup success, and first title on home soil.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.nation.co.ke/Worldcup/Pele-worried-about-great-expectations-for-Neymar/-/925198/2344716/-/v87bysz/-/index.html|title=Pele worried about great expectations for Neymar|date=11 June 2014|access-date=24 June 2014|work=Daily Nation|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160122231534/http://www.nation.co.ke/Worldcup/Pele-worried-about-great-expectations-for-Neymar/-/925198/2344716/-/v87bysz/-/index.html|archive-date=22 January 2016}}</ref><ref name="A NATION HOPES">{{Cite web |title=A NATION HOPES... |url=https://www.skysports.com/football/news/9343356/a-nation-hopes |access-date=2025-06-04 |website=Sky Sports }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Hassett |first=Sebastian |date=2014-06-12 |title=Neymar: the Brazil star with the weight of a nation on his shoulders |url=https://www.smh.com.au/sport/soccer/neymar-the-brazil-star-with-the-weight-of-a-nation-on-his-shoulders-20140612-zs4pv.html |access-date=2025-06-04 |website=The Sydney Morning Herald }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Phillips |first=Dom |date=5 June 2014 |title=Neymar has the weight of the World Cup on his shoulders |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/sports/dcunited/neymar-has-the-weight-of-the-world-cup-on-his-shoulders/2014/06/05/384bca44-eb65-11e3-b98c-72cef4a00499_story.html |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]}}</ref> One week prior to the team's opening match, Neymar scored once and made two assists in a 4–0 friendly win over [[Panama national football team|Panama]].<ref>[https://abcnews.go.com/Sports/wireStory/neymar-leads-brazil-win-panama-23980985 "Neymar leads Brazil to 4–0 win over Panama"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140605154953/https://abcnews.go.com/Sports/wireStory/neymar-leads-brazil-win-panama-23980985 |date=5 June 2014 }}. ABC News. Retrieved 3 June 2014</ref>

Neymar earned his 50th international cap in the opening match of the tournament, on 12 June against [[Croatia national football team|Croatia]] in [[São Paulo]]. In the 26th minute, with Croatia leading 1–0, Neymar elbowed Croatian midfielder [[Luka Modrić]], after which Neymar was issued a [[Yellow card (association football)|yellow card]].<ref name="Squawka News Brazil Croatia">{{cite news |url=http://www.squawka.com/news/brazil-2-1-croatia-neymar-double-saves-selecao-embarrassment/123118 |title=Brazil 3–1 Croatia: Neymar and Oscar complete Brazil turnaround in Group A opener |work=Squawka News |last=Hamouda |first=Omar |date=12 June 2014 |access-date=25 June 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140617134318/http://www.squawka.com/news/brazil-2-1-croatia-neymar-double-saves-selecao-embarrassment/123118 |archive-date=17 June 2014 }}</ref> Many critics agreed that Neymar's punishment was too lenient and that he should have been issued a [[Red card (association football)|red card]].<ref name="Japanese fans regret and 26th minute">{{cite news |url=http://tbo.com/ap/sports/japanese-fans-express-regret-over-nishimuras-call-ap_sportsacc2edcfdaa1487e8ac8f21b7c0e2901 |title=Japanese fans express regret over Nishimura's call |newspaper=[[The Tampa Tribune]] |agency=Associated Press |date=13 June 2014 |access-date=1 July 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20140702111252/http://tbo.com/ap/sports/japanese-fans-express-regret-over-nishimuras-call-ap_sportsacc2edcfdaa1487e8ac8f21b7c0e2901 |archive-date=2 July 2014 }}</ref><ref name="Independent Online Brazil Croatia">{{cite news |url=http://www.iol.co.za/sport/soccer/cup-competitions/japan-fa-defends-ref-nishimura-1.1704070 |title=Japan FA defends ref Nishimura |work=[[Independent Online (South Africa)|Independent Online]] |agency=[[South African Press Association]] |date=16 June 2014 |access-date=17 June 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140622023340/http://www.iol.co.za/sport/soccer/cup-competitions/japan-fa-defends-ref-nishimura-1.1704070 |archive-date=22 June 2014 }}</ref><ref name="Firstpost Brazil Croatia">{{cite news |url=http://www.firstpost.com/world/brazil-live-in-japan-football-fans-ashamed-of-referee-nishimura-1566939.html |title=Brazil Live: In Japan football fans 'ashamed' of referee Nishimura |work=Firstpost |last=Perera |first=Ayeshea |date=13 June 2014 |access-date=17 June 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140615155023/http://www.firstpost.com/world/brazil-live-in-japan-football-fans-ashamed-of-referee-nishimura-1566939.html |archive-date=15 June 2014 }}</ref> He equalised before half-time with a shot from outside the box and gave Brazil the lead in the second half with a penalty kick, following a [[List of 2014 FIFA World Cup controversies#Brazil vs Croatia|controversial decision]] by the referee, in an eventual 3–1 win.<ref>{{cite news|title=Brazil 3–1 Croatia|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/25285029|access-date=12 June 2014|publisher=BBC Sport|date=12 June 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140708110046/http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/25285029|archive-date=8 July 2014}}</ref> In the third group match, he again scored twice as the ''Seleção'' defeated [[Cameroon national football team|Cameroon]] 4–1 to reach the [[2014 FIFA World Cup knockout stage|knockout stage]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/0/football/25285277|title=Cameroon 1–4 Brazil|date=23 June 2014|access-date=24 June 2014|publisher=BBC|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140624000126/http://www.bbc.com/sport/0/football/25285277|archive-date=24 June 2014}}</ref> In the [[2014 FIFA World Cup knockout stage#Round of 16|round of 16]] against [[Chile national football team|Chile]], the match finished 1–1 after 120 minutes and was decided by a penalty shoot-out with Neymar scoring what proved to be the winning kick for Brazil.<ref name=beeb>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/27952759 "Brazil 1–1 Chile"] . BBC Sport. Retrieved 30 June 2014</ref>

In the [[2014 FIFA World Cup knockout stage#Quarter-finals|quarter-final]] win over [[Colombia national football team|Colombia]], while challenging for the ball, Neymar was kneed in the back by [[Juan Camilo Zúñiga]] and had to be removed from the pitch on a stretcher. A hospital scan revealed that Neymar had suffered a [[Spinal fracture|fractured vertebra]] in his spine and he missed the rest of the World Cup.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/0/football/28173132|title=Neymar: Injured Brazil forward ruled out of World Cup|date=4 July 2014|access-date=5 July 2014|publisher=BBC Sport|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140705001328/http://www.bbc.com/sport/0/football/28173132|archive-date=5 July 2014}}</ref> Earlier in the match, Neymar assisted [[Thiago Silva]]'s opening goal with a cross from a corner kick.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://uk.eurosport.yahoo.com/news/world-cup-brazil-colombia-matchpack-can-brazil-stop-221213226--sow.html|title=World Cup – Neymar out of finals as Brazil overcome stubborn Colombia|date=4 July 2014|access-date=6 July 2014|work=Eurosport|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714221159/https://uk.eurosport.yahoo.com/news/world-cup-brazil-colombia-matchpack-can-brazil-stop-221213226--sow.html|archive-date=14 July 2014}}</ref> It was the second Neymar assist from a corner in the tournament, after creating [[David Luiz]]'s goal in the previous round against Chile.<ref name=beeb/> Without their injured talisman Neymar (and the suspended captain Thiago Silva), Brazil would ultimately lose in the semi-final in a stunning [[Brazil v Germany (2014 FIFA World Cup)|7–1 defeat]] to [[2014 FIFA World Cup Final|eventual champion Germany]] on 8 July.<ref>{{cite news |last=Wallace|first=Sam|date=8 July 2014|title=Brazil vs Germany match report World Cup 2014: Utter humiliation for hosts as Thomas Muller and Toni Kroos help Germany hit seven past Selecao|work=The Independent |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/football/international/brazil-vs-germany-match-report-world-cup-2014-utter-humiliation-for-brazil-as-germany-hit-seven-9593317.html|url-status=live|access-date=2 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200102200311/https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/football/international/brazil-vs-germany-match-report-world-cup-2014-utter-humiliation-for-brazil-as-germany-hit-seven-9593317.html|archive-date=2 January 2020}}</ref>

On 11 July, Neymar was named on the 10-man shortlist for FIFA's [[2014 FIFA World Cup#Golden Ball|Golden Ball]] award for the tournament's best player.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/0/football/28274011|title=World Cup 2014: Fifa announces Golden Ball shortlist|date=11 July 2014|access-date=12 July 2014|publisher=BBC|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140712035351/http://www.bbc.com/sport/0/football/28274011|archive-date=12 July 2014}}</ref> He won the [[FIFA World Cup Golden Shoe#Golden Boot|Bronze Boot]] as the tournament's third top goalscorer and was named in the [[FIFA World Cup Golden Shoe#All-Star Team|World Cup All Star XI]].<ref>[https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/awards/golden-boot/index.html "adidas Golden Boot"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141231163656/http://www.fifa.com/worldcup/awards/golden-boot/index.html |date=31 December 2014 }}. FIFA. Retrieved 16 July 2014</ref>

===2015–2016: Assuming the captaincy and Olympic gold===
With captain [[Thiago Silva]] ruled out through injury, new coach [[Dunga]] decided to make Neymar captain and confirmed on 5 September that the forward would stay on as skipper on a permanent basis.<ref>[http://www.espnfc.com/brazil/story/2020716/neymar-confirmed-as-new-brazil-captain-by-dunga "Neymar replaces Thiago Silva as Brazil captain"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141111035231/http://www.espnfc.com/brazil/story/2020716/neymar-confirmed-as-new-brazil-captain-by-dunga |date=11 November 2014 }}. ESPN. Retrieved 11 November 2014</ref> On 14 October 2014, Neymar scored four goals in one game for the first time in his international career, scoring all of Brazil's goals in 4–0 friendly win against Japan at the [[National Stadium, Singapore]].<ref name="Japan">{{cite news|title=Brazil 4–0 Japan|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/29619167|issue=14 October 2014|date=13 April 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141018061146/http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/29619167|archive-date=18 October 2014}}</ref> At the age of just 22 years, Neymar had scored 40 goals in 58 internationals, and had become the [[Brazil national football team#Top goalscorers|fifth highest goalscorer]] for his national team.<ref name="Japan"/><ref name="RSSSF">[https://www.rsssf.org/miscellaneous/braz-recintlp.html "Goalscoring for Brazil National Team"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111206104610/http://www.rsssf.com/miscellaneous/braz-recintlp.html |date=6 December 2011 }}. Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation. Retrieved 17 May 2014</ref> On 26 March 2015, Neymar scored Brazil's second goal in a 3–1 friendly win over [[France national football team|France]] in Paris.<ref>{{cite news|title=France 1–3 Brazil|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/31945759|issue=26 March 2015|date=13 April 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160122231534/http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/31945759|archive-date=22 January 2016}}</ref>

On 14 June 2015, in Brazil's opening [[2015 Copa América|Copa América]] fixture, Neymar scored the equaliser and assisted the stoppage-time winning goal by [[Douglas Costa]] as Brazil came from 0–1 down to beat [[Peru national football team|Peru]] 2–1 in [[Temuco]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/0/football/33055416|title=Brazil 2–1 Peru|date=15 June 2015|publisher=BBC|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150615181050/http://www.bbc.com/sport/0/football/33055416|archive-date=15 June 2015}}</ref> After Brazil's second match, a 0–1 loss to [[Colombia national football team|Colombia]] in [[Santiago]], Neymar was booked for handball, resulting in a suspension. After the final whistle, he was [[Ejection (sports)|red carded]] for deliberately kicking the ball at [[Pablo Armero]], and as a result was pushed over by Colombian striker [[Carlos Bacca]], who was also dismissed.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/live/football/32832950|title=Copa America: FT: Brazil 0–1 Colombia|date=17 June 2015|publisher=BBC|url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150618010712/http://www.bbc.com/sport/live/football/32832950|archive-date=18 June 2015}}</ref> [[CONMEBOL]] issued Neymar with a four-match ban, ruling him out for the remainder of the tournament, in addition to a {{gaps|$|10|000}} fine.<ref>{{cite news|title=Neymar suspended for remainder of Copa America tournament|url=http://www.espnfc.com/copa-america/story/2498461/neymar-suspended-for-remainder-of-copa-america|access-date=19 June 2015|publisher=ESPN|date=19 June 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150620043609/http://www.espnfc.com/copa-america/story/2498461/neymar-suspended-for-remainder-of-copa-america|archive-date=20 June 2015}}</ref>

The CBF had wanted Neymar to play at the [[Copa América Centenario]] and the [[Football at the 2016 Summer Olympics – Men's tournament|Olympics in Rio]] during the summer of 2016, but after a request from Barcelona manager Luis Enrique, he was rested from the first tournament.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Corrigan|first1=Dermot|title=Neymar absence for Brazil at Copa due to Luis Enrique's 'strong arguments' |url=http://www.espnfc.com/barcelona/story/2869291/neymar-absence-for-brazil-at-copa-due-to-luis-enriques-strong-arguments|access-date=11 May 2016|work=ESPN|date=11 May 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160511224534/http://www.espnfc.com/barcelona/story/2869291/neymar-absence-for-brazil-at-copa-due-to-luis-enriques-strong-arguments|archive-date=11 May 2016}}</ref> In late June 2016, he was subsequently one of the three over-23 players to be included in [[Football at the 2016 Summer Olympics – Men's team squads#Brazil|Brazil's squad for the 2016 Summer Olympics]] on home soil, and was named the team's captain by the Olympic side's manager [[Rogério Micale]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espnfc.us/brazil/story/2904522/neymar-and-douglas-costa-named-in-brazil-olympics-squad|title=Neymar, Douglas Costa named in Brazil Olympics squad|work=ESPN FC|date=29 June 2016|access-date=8 August 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160809001325/http://www.espnfc.us/brazil/story/2904522/neymar-and-douglas-costa-named-in-brazil-olympics-squad|archive-date=9 August 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espnfc.us/brazil/story/2920200/neymar-to-captain-brazil-in-japan-friendly-rodrigo-micale-confirms|title=Neymar to captain Brazil in Japan friendly, Rodrigo Micale confirms|work=ESPN FC|date=29 July 2016|access-date=8 August 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160809000814/http://www.espnfc.us/brazil/story/2920200/neymar-to-captain-brazil-in-japan-friendly-rodrigo-micale-confirms|archive-date=9 August 2016}}</ref>

[[File:Brasil_conquista_primeiro_ouro_ol%C3%ADmpico_no_futebol_1039247-20082016-_mg_3424.jpg|thumb|right|Neymar preparing to strike the winning penalty kick for Brazil against Germany in the [[Football at the 2016 Summer Olympics – Men's tournament#Gold medal match|Olympic final]]]]In Brazil's quarter-final clash with [[Colombia Olympic football team|Colombia]] on 13 August, Neymar scored Brazil's first goal of the match, from a [[direct free kick]], and also set up his nation's second goal in an eventual 2–0 win.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/live/olympics/36790173|title=Brazil 2–0 Colombia|agency=BBC|date=16 August 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160817181625/http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/live/olympics/36790173|archive-date=17 August 2016}}</ref> In Brazil's semi-final clash with [[Honduras national under-23 football team|Honduras]] on 18 August, Neymar scored twice, Brazil's first and last goals of the match, in a 6–0 win.<ref>{{cite news|title=Rio Olympics 2016: Neymar scores after 14 seconds as Brazil reach final|work=BBC Sport|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/olympics/37111213|access-date=18 August 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160818105100/http://www.bbc.com/sport/olympics/37111213|archive-date=18 August 2016}}</ref>

In the final against Germany at the [[Maracanã Stadium|Maracanã]] in Rio on 20 August, Neymar opened the scoring with a free-kick after 27 minutes. The game finished 1–1 after [[Max Meyer (footballer)|Max Meyer]] equalised in the second-half. Brazil beat Germany 5–4 on penalties, and Neymar scored the winning penalty to bring Brazil its first Olympic gold medal in men's football.<ref>{{cite web|title=Soccer: Neymar hands Brazil football gold medal|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-olympics-rio-soccer-m-idUSKCN10V0VE|work=Reuters|author=Andrew Downie|date=20 August 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170305094045/http://www.reuters.com/article/us-olympics-rio-soccer-m-idUSKCN10V0VE|archive-date=5 March 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Rio Olympics 2016: Brazil beat Germany on penalties to win men's football gold|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/olympics/36691461|publisher=BBC Sport|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160821120436/http://www.bbc.com/sport/olympics/36691461|archive-date=21 August 2016}}</ref> Both during and prior to the tournament, he had been subjected to criticism over his conduct on and off the pitch, with several former Brazil players suggesting that he was not fit to captain the national team.<ref>{{cite web |first=Dermot |last=Corrigan |title=Neymar not up to Brazil captaincy at Olympics |website=ESPN |date=10 August 2016 |url=https://www.espn.com/olympics/story/_/id/17262123/neymar-not-brazil-captaincy-olympics-zico |access-date=21 August 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160814223145/http://www.espn.com/olympics/story/_/id/17262123/neymar-not-brazil-captaincy-olympics-zico |archive-date=14 August 2016 }}</ref> Neymar subsequently renounced the captaincy following their Olympic victory.<ref>{{cite web |title=Neymar stands down as Brazil captain after penalty clinches Olympic gold |website=ESPN |date=21 August 2016 |url=http://www.espn.in/football/brazil/story/2934482/neymar-stands-down-as-brazil-captain-after-penalty-clinches-olympic-gold |access-date=21 August 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160822170036/http://www.espn.in/football/brazil/story/2934482/neymar-stands-down-as-brazil-captain-after-penalty-clinches-olympic-gold |archive-date=22 August 2016 }}</ref>

=== 2018: World Cup disappointment ===
[[File:Bra-Cos (21(cropped).jpg|thumb|Neymar during the national anthem of Brazil at the [[2018 FIFA World Cup]]]]
Neymar was rushed back prior to the [[2018 FIFA World Cup|2018 World Cup]] in Russia following his injury in February with PSG.<ref name=":8" /> In May 2018, he was named in [[Tite (football manager)|Tite]]'s final 23-man [[Brazil national football team|squad]] for the 2018 World Cup in Russia.<ref>{{Cite web|date=14 May 2018|title=World Cup: Neymar named in Brazil's 23-man squad|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/44116590|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201116140842/https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/amp/football/44116590|archive-date=16 November 2020|access-date=14 January 2021|website=BBC Sport}}</ref> On 3 June 2018, he made his international comeback after a three-month absence from a foot injury and scored a goal in a 2–0 win over [[Croatia]] in a friendly match at [[Anfield]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Neymar makes spectacular return as Brazil beats Croatia|url=https://www.sportsnet.ca/soccer/neymar-makes-spectacular-return-brazil-beats-croatia/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180613003956/https://www.sportsnet.ca/soccer/neymar-makes-spectacular-return-brazil-beats-croatia/|archive-date=13 June 2018|access-date=3 June 2018|publisher=Sportsnet}}</ref> His playing style was not quite the same as he appeared to be avoiding physical contact entirely rather than simply trying to draw fouls.<ref name=":8" /> The following week, he became Brazil's joint-third highest goalscorer alongside Romário when he scored his 55th international goal in a 3–0 friendly win over [[Austria national football team|Austria]].<ref>{{cite news|date=10 June 2018|title=Neymar joins Romario in third on Brazil's all-time scoring chart|work=Four Four Two|url=https://www.fourfourtwo.com/news/neymar-joins-romario-third-brazils-all-time-scoring-chart|url-status=live|access-date=10 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201031101802/https://www.fourfourtwo.com/news/neymar-joins-romario-third-brazils-all-time-scoring-chart|archive-date=31 October 2020}}</ref> In Brazil's second World Cup match, played against [[Costa Rica national football team|Costa Rica]] at the [[Krestovsky Stadium]], Saint Petersburg, on 22 June, Neymar scored the team's second goal in injury time as Brazil won 2–0.<ref>{{Cite web|date=22 June 2018|title=Brazil 2-0 Costa Rica: Philippe Coutinho, Neymar seal dramatic late win for Tite's side|url=https://www.skysports.com/football/news/12027/11413107/brazil-2-0-costa-rica-philippe-coutinho-neymar-seal-dramatic-late-win-for-tites-side|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191206160541/https://www.skysports.com/football/news/12027/11413107/brazil-2-0-costa-rica-philippe-coutinho-neymar-seal-dramatic-late-win-for-tites-side|archive-date=6 December 2019|access-date=14 January 2021|work=[[Sky Sports]]}}</ref> The goal, his 56th for Brazil, took him third in the all-time scoring chart behind only Pelé and [[Ronaldo (Brazilian footballer)|Ronaldo]].<ref>{{cite news|date=23 June 2018|title=Willian, Neymar, and all the rest frustrate in Brazil's 2-0 win over Costa Rica|work=We Ain't Got No History|url=https://weaintgotnohistory.sbnation.com/2018/6/23/17495796/willian-neymar-and-all-the-rest-frustrate-in-brazils-2-0-win-over-costa-rica|url-status=live|access-date=14 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180623074341/https://weaintgotnohistory.sbnation.com/2018/6/23/17495796/willian-neymar-and-all-the-rest-frustrate-in-brazils-2-0-win-over-costa-rica|archive-date=23 June 2018}}</ref>

On 2 July, Neymar scored his second goal of the World Cup in a 2–0 win over Mexico in the last 16, while also assisting [[Roberto Firmino]] for his goal.<ref>{{cite news|date=2 July 2018|title=Brazil beat Mexico to reach last 8|agency=BBC|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/44597762|url-status=live|access-date=14 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201109043559/https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/44597762|archive-date=9 November 2020}}</ref> After the Mexico game, [[BBC Sport]] wrote that despite Neymar's "good performances" coming up top in several statistics at the World Cup, "there is still a sense that he remains widely unpopular among neutrals" due to his "petulance and the play-acting". Meanwhile, Brazilian newspaper ''[[O Globo]]'' wrote that "Neymar has charmed Brazil, but annoyed the whole world".<ref>{{cite web|date=2 July 2018|title=World Cup 2018: Divisive Neymar 'charms Brazil, but annoys whole world'|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/44689926|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190602173459/https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/44689926|archive-date=2 June 2019|access-date=7 July 2018|publisher=BBC Sport}}</ref> On 6 July, Brazil were eliminated after losing 2–1 against [[Belgium national football team|Belgium]] in the quarter-finals, with Neymar denied an injury time equaliser by a finger-tip save from Belgium goalkeeper [[Thibaut Courtois]].<ref>{{cite news |last=Johnston |first=Neil|date=6 July 2018|title=World Cup 2018: Belgium produce masterclass to knock out Brazil with 2–1 win|publisher=[[BBC Sport]]|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/44652178|url-status=live|access-date=7 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201127153334/https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/44652178|archive-date=27 November 2020}}</ref>

===2019–2021: Copa América runner-up===
In May 2019, Neymar was included in Brazil's 23-man squad for the [[2019 Copa América]] on home soil.<ref>{{cite web|date=17 May 2019|title=Brazil name Copa America squad|url=https://www.football-italia.net/138152/brazil-name-copa-america-squad|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201106131142/https://www.football-italia.net/138152/brazil-name-copa-america-squad|archive-date=6 November 2020|access-date=21 May 2019|publisher=Football Italia}}</ref> On 5 June, however, he suffered an ankle injury in a 2–0 friendly win over [[Qatar national football team|Qatar]] and was ruled out of the tournament, with Neymar expected to miss four weeks due to the injury.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Gallagher|first1=Jack|title=Paris Saint-Germain Confirm Neymar Will Be Out for 4 Weeks But Injury Will Not Require Surgery|url=https://www.90min.com/posts/6386708-paris-saint-germain-confirm-neymar-will-be-out-for-4-weeks-but-injury-will-not-require-surgery|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190629130107/https://www.90min.com/posts/6386708-paris-saint-germain-confirm-neymar-will-be-out-for-4-weeks-but-injury-will-not-require-surgery|archive-date=29 June 2019|access-date=9 June 2019|website=90Min|date=8 June 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=9 August 2019|title=Neymar ruled out for four weeks with ankle injury - PSG|url=https://www.sbs.com.au/news/neymar-ruled-out-for-four-weeks-with-ankle-injury-psg|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200405164516/https://www.sbs.com.au/news/neymar-ruled-out-for-four-weeks-with-ankle-injury-psg|archive-date=5 April 2020|access-date=9 June 2019|website=SBS News|publisher=Special Broadcasting Service}}</ref>

On 10 October 2019, Neymar played his 100th match for Brazil in a friendly draw 1–1 with [[Senegal national football team|Senegal]] in Singapore.<ref name=":50">{{cite web|date=10 October 2019|title=Neymar became the seventh man to win 100 caps for Brazil in a friendly draw with Senegal in Singapore|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/50003195|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191210084311/https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/50003195|archive-date=10 December 2019|access-date=14 January 2021|website=BBC Sport}}</ref> On 13 October 2020, he scored a [[Hat-trick#Association football|hat-trick]] in a [[2022 FIFA World Cup qualification (CONMEBOL)|2022 FIFA World Cup qualifier]] against [[Peru national football team|Peru]], which Brazil won 4–2. He reached his 64th international goal and surpassed Ronaldo as the nation's second highest goalscorer of all time.<ref>{{cite web|date=13 October 2020|title=Neymar surpasses Ronaldo as Brazil's second-highest goalscorer |url=https://www.goal.com/en-us/news/neymar-matches-ronaldo-as-brazils-second-highest-goalscorer/1a4io8y98nkeb1bm46se79l34k|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201202152858/https://www.goal.com/en-us/news/neymar-matches-ronaldo-as-brazils-second-highest-goalscorer/1a4io8y98nkeb1bm46se79l34k|archive-date=2 December 2020|access-date=14 January 2021|website=Goal}}</ref>

On 13 June 2021, in Brazil's opening group match of the [[2021 Copa América]], which took place on home soil, Neymar scored his team's second goal from the penalty spot and later assisted another for [[Gabriel Barbosa]] in a 3–0 win over Venezuela.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.espn.com/soccer/report?gameId=560522 |title=Brazil vs. Venezuela - Football Match Report - June 13, 2021 - ESPN |work=ESPN |date=13 June 2021 |access-date=19 June 2021 |archive-date=25 June 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210625114759/https://www.espn.com/soccer/report?gameId=560522 |url-status=live }}</ref> In the following match on 17 June, he once again scored the second goal in an eventual 4–0 win over Peru.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.thestar.com/sports/soccer/2021/06/17/brazil-beats-peru-4-0-to-move-into-1st-in-copa-america-group.html |title=Brazil beats Peru 4-0 to move into 1st in Copa America group |work=thestar.com |date=17 June 2021 |access-date=19 June 2021 |archive-date=27 June 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210627212448/https://www.thestar.com/sports/soccer/2021/06/17/brazil-beats-peru-4-0-to-move-into-1st-in-copa-america-group.html |url-status=live }}</ref> On 23 June he assisted [[Casemiro]]'s match–winning goal from a corner in injury time of a 2–1 win over Colombia.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/57592206 |title=Casemiro gives Brazil controversial win |work=BBC Sport |date=24 June 2021 |access-date=24 June 2021 |archive-date=25 June 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210625170010/https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/57592206 |url-status=live }}</ref> On 2 July, he assisted [[Lucas Paquetá]]'s goal in a 1–0 win over Chile in the quarter-finals of the competition.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.skysports.com/football/news/11095/12347711/copa-america-quarter-finals-brazil-edge-chile-peru-see-off-paraguay-on-penalties-in-thriller |title=Copa America quarter-finals: Brazil edge Chile, Peru see off Paraguay on penalties in thriller |publisher=Sky Sports |date=3 July 2021 |access-date=4 July 2021 |archive-date=9 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709182956/https://www.skysports.com/football/news/11095/12347711/copa-america-quarter-finals-brazil-edge-chile-peru-see-off-paraguay-on-penalties-in-thriller |url-status=live }}</ref> Three days later, he once again assisted Paquetá for the only goal of the match in the semi-finals against Peru.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.sportsnet.ca/soccer/article/brazil-shuts-peru-reach-final-copa-america/ |title=Brazil shuts out Peru to reach final of Copa America |publisher=www.sportsnet.ca |date=5 July 2021 |access-date=6 July 2021 |archive-date=9 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709185149/https://www.sportsnet.ca/soccer/article/brazil-shuts-peru-reach-final-copa-america/ |url-status=live }}</ref> On 10 July, Brazil were defeated 1–0 by [[Argentina national football team|Argentina]] in the [[2021 Copa América Final|final]].<ref name="Copa América final">{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/live/2021/jul/10/argentina-v-brazil-copa-america-final-live |title=Argentina 1-0 Brazil: Copa América final – live! |work=The Guardian |last1=Graham |first1=Bryan Armen |date=11 July 2021 |access-date=11 July 2021 |archive-date=14 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221114190003/https://www.theguardian.com/football/live/2021/jul/10/argentina-v-brazil-copa-america-final-live |url-status=live }}</ref> Despite the loss, Neymar was named the player of the tournament alongside Argentina's Messi for his performances throughout the competition.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Leo Messi named player of tournament in Copa América|url=https://www.fcbarcelona.com/en/football/first-team/news/2187432/leo-messi-named-player-of-tournament-in-copa-america|access-date=11 July 2021|website=www.fcbarcelona.com|archive-date=21 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211021073241/https://www.fcbarcelona.com/en/football/first-team/news/2187432/leo-messi-named-player-of-tournament-in-copa-america|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":54">{{Cite web |date=2021-07-10 |title=CONMEBOL announce Messi and Neymar as Copa America's best players |url=https://e00-marca.uecdn.es/en/football/copa-america/2021/07/11/60ea199222601d493d8b456b.html |access-date=2025-06-04 |website=MARCA }}</ref>

On 9 September 2021, Neymar scored the second goal in a 2–0 win over Peru and became Brazil's all-time top scorer in [[FIFA World Cup qualification]] matches, with 12 in total.<ref name=":47">{{Cite web|title=Neymar marca, passa Romário e Zico e se torna maior artilheiro da Seleção nas Eliminatórias|trans-title=Neymar scores, surpasses Romário and Zico and becomes Brazil's top scorer in qualifiers|url=https://ge.globo.com/futebol/selecao-brasileira/noticia/neymar-marca-passa-zico-e-romario-e-se-torna-maior-artilheiro-da-selecao-nas-eliminatorias.ghtml|access-date=9 September 2021|website=ge.globo.com|date=9 September 2021 |language=pt-br|archive-date=10 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210910020622/https://ge.globo.com/futebol/selecao-brasileira/noticia/neymar-marca-passa-zico-e-romario-e-se-torna-maior-artilheiro-da-selecao-nas-eliminatorias.ghtml|url-status=live}}</ref>

===2022–present: World Cup and Brazil's all-time top scorer ===
[[File:Brasil vs Serbia WC2022 (cropped).jpg|thumb|Neymar playing against [[Serbia national football team|Serbia]] in the group stage of the [[2022 FIFA World Cup|2022 World Cup]]]]
On 7 November 2022, Neymar was named in the Brazil squad for the [[2022 FIFA World Cup|2022 World Cup]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Seleção Brasileira está convocada para a Copa do Mundo FIFA Qatar 2022|url=https://www.cbf.com.br/selecao-brasileira/noticias/selecao-masculina/selecao-brasileira-esta-convocada-para-a-copa-do-mundo-fifa-qatar-2022|publisher=[[Brazilian Football Confederation|CBF]]|access-date=7 November 2022|date=7 November 2022|language=pt|archive-date=7 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221107162158/https://www.cbf.com.br/selecao-brasileira/noticias/selecao-masculina/selecao-brasileira-esta-convocada-para-a-copa-do-mundo-fifa-qatar-2022|url-status=live}}</ref> Heading into the World Cup, Neymar was arguably in the best form of his career during the 2022–23 season, scoring 15 goals and providing 11 assists in just 20 games.<ref name=":11">{{Cite web |last=AlBaharna |first=Maram |date=2022-11-24 |title=Why Brazil Are Favourites to Win the World Cup |url=https://theanalyst.com/eu/2022/11/brazil-world-cup-favourites-2022#:~:text=Now,%20more%20than%20ever,%20he,the%202022%20Qatar%20World%20Cup. |access-date=2024-09-06 |website=Opta Analyst }}</ref><ref name=":12">{{Cite web |last=Quaile |first=Kieran |date=2022-10-07 |title=Neymar on top of his game ahead of World Cup |url=https://en.as.com/soccer/neymar-on-top-of-his-game-ahead-of-world-cup-n/ |access-date=2024-10-20 |website=AS USA}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |author1=FourFourTwo Staff |date=2018-10-11 |title=Neymar will be best player at 2022 World Cup, predicts Luxemburgo |url=https://www.fourfourtwo.com/news/neymar-will-be-best-player-2022-world-cup-predicts-luxemburgo |access-date=2025-06-23 |website=FourFourTwo }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Grounds |first=Ben |date=24 November 2022 |title=World Cup 2022: Neymar dependency lingers but Brazil have temperament and quality to rule in Qatar |work=Sky Sports |url=https://www.skysports.com/football/news/12010/12719401/brazil-have-temperament-and-quality-to-rule-in-qatar}}</ref> According to Maram Albaharna and several other sports journalists, he was a large part of the reason why Brazil were favourites to win the World Cup.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-11-23 |title=Neymar has Pele's Brazil record in sight, Portugal fend off Ronaldo drama: World Cup daily |url=https://www.espn.co.uk/football/story/_/id/37634205/2022-world-cup-neymar-eyes-pele-brazil-goals-record-portugal-kick-things-ronaldo-drama-swirls |access-date=2024-09-06 |website=ESPN.com }}</ref><ref name=":11" /> The 2022 World Cup was touted to potentially be Neymar's crowning moment for his career.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-11-24 |title=Neymar's last chance to win the World Cup - and restore his reputation |url=https://www.goal.com/en-gb/news/neymar-last-chance-win-world-cup-restore-reputation/bltc0f52637c45570a2 |access-date=2025-06-15 |website=www.goal.com }}</ref> Neymar, alongside Messi and Mbappé, was widely favourite to win the Golden Ball.<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Ndaba |first1=Vuyani |last2=Ganguly |first2=Sarupya |date=2022-11-11 |title=Brazil to clinch sixth World Cup in Qatar - market analysts |url=https://www.reuters.com/lifestyle/sports/brazil-clinch-sixth-world-cup-qatar-market-analysts-2022-11-11/ |access-date=2025-06-07 |work=Reuters }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Ajith |first=Shambhu |date=2022-08-22 |title=5 early favorites to win the Golden Ball at the 2022 FIFA World Cup |url=https://www.sportskeeda.com/football/5-early-favorites-win-golden-ball-2022-fifa-world-cup-messi-neymar |access-date=2025-06-07 |website=www.sportskeeda.com }}</ref>

Neymar played 79 minutes of Brazil's first match on 24 November and assisted the opening goal<ref>{{Cite web |title=WM 2022: Schock für Brasilien – es sieht nicht gut aus für Neymar - WELT |url=https://www.welt.de/sport/fussball/wm/article242323369/WM-2022-Schock-fuer-Brasilien-es-sieht-nicht-gut-aus-fuer-Neymar.html |access-date=2025-06-14 |website=DIE WELT |language=de}}</ref> in a 2–0 win against Serbia, but was unable to play the next two group games due to ankle ligament damage.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Summerscales |first=Robert |title=Neymar Will Not Play Again During World Cup Group Stage After Scan Finds Ankle Ligament Damage |url=https://www.si.com/fannation/soccer/futbol/news/neymar-will-not-play-again-in-world-cup-group-stage-due-to-injury |access-date=28 November 2022 |website=Futbol on FanNation |archive-date=5 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221205075854/https://www.si.com/fannation/soccer/futbol/news/neymar-will-not-play-again-in-world-cup-group-stage-due-to-injury |url-status=live}}</ref> Neymar recovered from his injury to play against [[South Korea national football team|South Korea]] in the last 16 on 5 December, where he assisted Vinícius Júnior's opening goal and scored a penalty in a 4–1 win for Brazil;<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/63777438 |title=Dazzling Brazil dismantle South Korea in last 16 |publisher=BBC |date=5 December 2022 |access-date=5 December 2022 |archive-date=6 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221206042327/https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/63777438 |url-status=live }}</ref> as a result, he became only the third Brazilian player ever, after Pelé and Ronaldo, to score in three different World Cups.<ref name="Neymar ties Pele">{{cite news |url=https://www.ctvnews.ca/sports/article/neymar-ties-peles-scoring-record-but-loses-again-at-world-cup/ |title=Neymar ties Pele's scoring record but loses again at World Cup |work=CTVNews |date=9 December 2022 |access-date=17 December 2022 |archive-date=17 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221217183410/https://www.ctvnews.ca/sports/neymar-ties-pele-s-scoring-record-but-loses-again-at-world-cup-1.6188152 |url-status=live }}</ref>{{Quote box
| quote = 'Keep inspiring us. I will keep punching the air with joy for every goal you score'
| source = — [[Pelé]] congratulates Neymar on equalling his record of 77 official international goals.<ref>{{cite web |title= Pele Instagram |url= https://www.instagram.com/p/Cl9psOVuwDL/ |website= [[Instagram]] |date= 9 December 2022 |access-date= 2 January 2023 |archive-date= 31 December 2022 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20221231062855/https://www.instagram.com/p/Cl9psOVuwDL/ |url-status= bot: unknown }}</ref>
| width = 27%
| align = left
| qalign = center
}}Four days later, in the quarter-final match against [[Croatia national football team|Croatia]], Neymar lit the match up in extra time with a "magical" run before scoring; he played two one-twos with his teammates before quickly finding himself in the box and going past the goalkeeper to score into the empty net.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-12-09 |title=WATCH: Unstoppable! Neymar finally opens scoring with stunning extra-time goal against Croatia in tense World Cup quarter-final battle |url=https://www.goal.com/en-gb/news/watch-neymar-equals-pele-scoring-record-extra-time-goal-croatia-world-cup-quarter-final/blt36f49ea9ad26a911 |access-date=2025-06-07 |website=www.goal.com }}</ref> Journalist [[Michael Cox (journalist)|Michael Cox]] described it as one of the "greatest individual goals in football history".<ref name=":31" /> It was Neymar's 77th international goal, which equalled Pelé's official goal tally for the national team.<ref name=":31">{{Cite news |last=Cox |first=Michael |title=Neymar, record breaker: one of football's true greats |url=https://www.nytimes.com/athletic/4838524/2023/09/09/neymar-pele-brazil/ |access-date=28 October 2023 |website=The Athletic |date=11 September 2023 |archive-date=28 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231028130501/https://theathletic.com/4838524/2023/09/09/neymar-pele-brazil/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Brazil, however, suffered a shock defeat, losing 4–2 in the ensuing penalty shootout following a 1–1 draw after extra time, before Neymar was able to take Brazil's final penalty.<ref name="Neymar ties Pele" /><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.espn.com/soccer/story/_/id/37634729/neymar-ties-pele-goal-scoring-record-brazil-wc-penalty-shootout-loss-croatia |title=Neymar unsure if he'll play for Brazil again after tying Pele scoring record in loss to Croatia |publisher=ESPN |date=9 December 2022 |access-date=9 December 2022 |archive-date=9 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221209185914/https://www.espn.com/soccer/brazil-bra/story/4829339/neymar-ties-pele-goal-scoring-record-in-brazil-wc-penalty-shootout-loss-to-croatia |url-status=live }}</ref> Neymar was distraught on the pitch; overwhelmed with emotion, he hinted that it could be his last game for Brazil.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-12-09 |title=Neymar: I don't know if I'll play for Brazil again |url=https://www.espn.co.uk/football/story/_/id/37634729/neymar-ties-pele-goal-scoring-record-brazil-wc-penalty-shootout-loss-croatia |access-date=2025-06-05 |website=ESPN.com }}</ref> In a later social media post, he said that the defeat to Croatia "psychologically destroyed" him and that it was the defeat that had affected him the most in his career, causing him to be "paralysed" for 10 minutes after the match.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Geiger |first=Dorian |title=Neymar says 'psychologically destroyed' by Croatia World Cup loss |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/12/11/neymar-psychologically-destroyed-by-word-cup-exit |access-date=2025-06-05 |website=Al Jazeera }}</ref>

On 8 September 2023, Neymar scored twice for Brazil in a 5–1 win over [[Bolivia national football team|Bolivia]] in their opening match for [[2026 FIFA World Cup qualification (CONMEBOL)|2026 FIFA World Cup qualification]]. His 78th and 79th goals in his 125th appearance for Brazil, Neymar became the [[Brazil national football team#Top goalscorers|national team's top goalscorer]] ahead of Pelé.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2023/09/09/sport/neymar-breaks-pele-scoring-record-spt-intl/index.html |title=Neymar Jr. breaks Pelé's all-time scoring record for Brazil |publisher=CNN |date=9 September 2023 |access-date=9 September 2023 |archive-date=9 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230909162549/https://edition.cnn.com/2023/09/09/sport/neymar-breaks-pele-scoring-record-spt-intl/index.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="TNT"/> Mimicking Pelé's punch in the air goal celebration with the first of his two goals, Neymar stated after the game that he never imagined he would reach the record.<ref name="TNT">{{cite news |title=Neymar overtakes Pele as Brazil's leading male goalscorer: 'I never imagined reaching this record' |url=https://www.tntsports.co.uk/football/neymar-overtakes-pele-as-brazils-leading-male-goalscorer-i-have-never-imagined-reaching-this-record_sto9788302/story.shtml |access-date=13 September 2023 |publisher=TNT Sports}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Neymar passes Pelé as Brazil's all-time men's top goal-scorer |url=https://uk.sports.yahoo.com/news/neymar-passes-pele-as-brazils-all-time-mens-top-goal-scorer-043316115.html |access-date=14 September 2023 |publisher=Yahoo Sports |archive-date=9 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230909090611/https://uk.sports.yahoo.com/news/neymar-passes-pele-as-brazils-all-time-mens-top-goal-scorer-043316115.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Brazil coach [[Fernando Diniz]] declared that Neymar is one of the greatest players in history following this achievement.<ref>{{Cite web |date=17 October 2023 |title=Brazil boss on Neymar: One of greatest in history |url=https://www.espn.co.uk/football/story/_/id/38677399/brazil-coach-defends-neymar-one-greatest-history |access-date=28 October 2023 |website=ESPN.com}}</ref> His 79 goals for Brazil also makes him the [[List of men's footballers with 50 or more international goals|second-highest South American men's goalscorer]]. A month later, he tied former American player [[Landon Donovan]] on achieving a record 58 assists (in 127 matches) in international football; in the 50th minute of Brazil's World Cup qualifier against Venezuela, his corner kick was headed in by defender [[Gabriel Magalhães|Gabriel]].<ref name=":20">{{Cite web |date=2023-10-13 |title=Neymar Ties International Assists Record Set By Landon Donovan |url=https://www.si.com/fannation/soccer/futbol/news/neymar-ties-international-assists-record-set-by-landon-donovan |access-date=2025-06-03 |website=Fannation Futbol }}</ref> Nearly exactly two years later, the record was surpassed by Messi in October 2025, who reached 60 assists, though it took him a considerable more amount of matches matches to do so (195).<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-10-15 |title=Argentina's Lionel Messi becomes all-time international assists leader, surpassing Brazil's Neymar and USMNT's Landon Donovan {{!}} Goal.com UK |url=https://www.goal.com/en-gb/lists/argentina-s-lionel-messi-becomes-all-time-international-assists-leader-surpassing-brazil-s-neymar-and-usmnt-s-landon-donovan/blt73c53ddfe7b9c911 |access-date=2025-10-15 |website=www.goal.com |language=en-GB}}</ref>

On 17 October, in Brazil's 2–0 qualifying defeat to [[Uruguay national football team|Uruguay]], Neymar was taken off in tears on a stretcher at the end of the first half, following an awkward landing after a challenge. Neymar would confirm later that week that he had ruptured his [[Anterior cruciate ligament|ACL]] and [[Meniscus (anatomy)|meniscus]] completely in his left knee and would need to undergo surgery, likely ruling him out for the remainder of the 2023–24 campaign;<ref name="ACL injury" /> consequently, he was left out of Brazil's squad for the [[2024 Copa América]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://en.as.com/soccer/why-isnt-neymar-jr-playing-the-copa-america-2024-for-brazil-n/ |title=Why isn't Neymar Jr. playing the Copa América 2024 for Brazil? |work=Diario AS |last1=Cons |first1=Roddy |date=19 June 2024 |access-date=22 June 2024 }}</ref>

On 2 March 2025, Neymar was named in the 29 men in the preliminary squad for the national team.<ref>{{Cite web |last=O'Sullivan |first=Joseph |title=Neymar Returns To Brazil International Squad |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/josephosullivan/2025/03/02/neymar-returns-to-brazil-international-squad/ |access-date=2025-07-02 |website=Forbes |language=en}}</ref>

==Player profile==

=== Style of play ===
Primarily playing as an [[attacking midfielder]], Neymar is prolific in scoring and has high-level [[Playmaker|playmaking]] abilities.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Cox |first1=Michael |date=17 March 2016 |title=Michael Cox: How Neymar's development is continuing to mirror Messi's |url=https://www.fourfourtwo.com/us/features/michael-cox-how-neymars-development-continuing-mirror-messis |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200627212333/https://www.fourfourtwo.com/us/features/michael-cox-how-neymars-development-continuing-mirror-messis |archive-date=27 June 2020 |access-date=27 June 2020 |publisher=FourFourTwo.com}}</ref> He has scored over 400 goals and has registered over 250 assists.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2025-01-31 |title='The Prince is back'- Santos hails Neymar's return |url=https://www.reuters.com/sports/soccer/the-prince-is-back-santos-hails-neymars-return-2025-01-31/ |access-date=2025-06-16 |work=Reuters}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=NaijNaira |date=2023-08-21 |title=Neymar Career Stats: Goals, Assists, Trophies, Awards, Records |url=https://naijnaira.com/neymar-career-stats/ |access-date=2025-06-16 |website=NaijNaira}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Neymar Stats - Goals, xG, Assists & Career Stats {{!}} FootyStats |url=https://footystats.org/players/brazil/neymar/ |access-date=2025-06-16 |website=footystats.org}}</ref> At the start of his career, he would solely play as a [[Winger (association football)|left winger]] for both club and country in the team's 4–3–3 formation due to his pace and playmaking skills;<ref name=":40">{{Cite magazine |last=Paulo |first=Bobby Ghosh / São |date=2013-03-04 |title=Game Changer: Why Is Soccer Superstar Neymar Still Playing in Brazil? |url=https://time.com/archive/6643189/game-changer-why-is-soccer-superstar-neymar-still-playing-in-brazil/ |access-date=2025-06-04 |magazine=TIME }}</ref> this position allowed him to shoot with his stronger foot and [[Assist (football)|create chances for teammates]].<ref name="tuttomercatoweb.com2">{{cite web |author1=Francesco Letizia |date=17 March 2009 |title=Neymar, la clonazione è permessa |url=http://www.tuttomercatoweb.com/il-volto-nuovo/neymar-la-clonazione-e-permessa-143807 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150927035849/http://www.tuttomercatoweb.com/il-volto-nuovo/neymar-la-clonazione-e-permessa-143807 |archive-date=27 September 2015 |access-date=15 June 2015 |work=Tutto Mercato |language=it}}</ref> His main traits are his vision, passing, finishing, dribbling, [[Dummy (football)#Association football|feints]], and first touch, being described as both "electric" and "explosive".<ref>{{cite news |date=13 July 2012 |title=Brazil star Neymar goes green this summer |url=http://finchannel.com/Main_News/Business/112784_Brazil_star_Neymar_goes_green_this_summer/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130123112358/http://finchannel.com/Main_News/Business/112784_Brazil_star_Neymar_goes_green_this_summer/ |archive-date=23 January 2013 |access-date=13 July 2012 |publisher=Financial}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |author1=Graham Hunter |date=24 January 2017 |title=Luis Suarez at 30: Barcelona has made him better, and he's made Barca better |url=http://www.espn.co.uk/football/spanish-primera-division/15/blog/post/3045359/luis-suarez-turns-30-and-has-gone-from-strength-to-strength-since-joining-barcelona |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170126123711/http://www.espn.co.uk/football/spanish-primera-division/15/blog/post/3045359/luis-suarez-turns-30-and-has-gone-from-strength-to-strength-since-joining-barcelona |archive-date=26 January 2017 |access-date=2 August 2017 |work=ESPN FC}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Webb |first1=Tom |date=30 December 2015 |title=Neymar Shows Off Outrageous Control as Barcelona Beat Real Betis |url=https://bleacherreport.com/articles/2603806-neymar-shows-off-outrageous-control-as-barcelona-beat-real-betis |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200627212003/https://bleacherreport.com/articles/2603806-neymar-shows-off-outrageous-control-as-barcelona-beat-real-betis |archive-date=27 June 2020 |access-date=27 June 2020 |publisher=Bleacher Report}}</ref> He is also known for often using the [[rainbow flick]].<ref>{{cite news |date=23 December 2014 |title=Neymar pulls off ridiculous spinning rainbow flick to score in charity match |url=https://www.independent.ie/sport/leftfield/video-neymar-pulls-off-ridiculous-spinning-rainbow-flick-to-score-in-charity-match-30858750.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141223175828/http://www.independent.ie/sport/leftfield/video-neymar-pulls-off-ridiculous-spinning-rainbow-flick-to-score-in-charity-match-30858750.html |archive-date=23 December 2014 |access-date=14 January 2021 |work=Independent}}</ref> His playing style has often made him a target for rough treatment from defenders.<ref name=":59">{{Cite web |date=2025-07-02 |title=Neymar is the Most Fouled Player in Ligue 1 |url=https://onefootball.com/en/news/neymar-is-the-most-fouled-player-in-ligue-1-28948976 |access-date=2025-07-02 |website=OneFootball |language=en}}</ref> During his time in Ligue 1, he was fouled more than any other player, which caused frequent injuries.<ref name=":59" /> Neymar is two-footed and can score [[Direct free kick|free-kicks]] and [[Penalty kick (association football)|penalties]].<ref name="tuttomercatoweb.com2" /><ref name="generazioneditalenti.it2">{{cite web |author1=Massimo Tanzillo |date=15 January 2011 |title=NEYMAR: 1992 – BRASILE |url=http://www.generazioneditalenti.it/neymar-1992-brasile/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924021451/http://www.generazioneditalenti.it/neymar-1992-brasile/ |archive-date=24 September 2015 |access-date=15 June 2015 |publisher=Generazione Talenti |language=it}}</ref>

Considered to be a highly promising player in his youth,<ref>{{cite web |last1=Daniels |first1=Tim |date=25 May 2013 |title=Neymar to Barcelona: Barca Officially Signs Brazilian Star |url=https://bleacherreport.com/articles/1649197-neymar-to-barcelona-barca-reportedly-signs-brazilian-star |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201111180953/https://bleacherreport.com/articles/1649197-neymar-to-barcelona-barca-reportedly-signs-brazilian-star |archive-date=11 November 2020 |access-date=27 June 2020 |publisher=Bleacher Report}}</ref> Neymar was described early in his career by the media as "a true phenomenon".<ref name=":22">{{cite news |date=12 July 2012 |title=Messi better than Neymar, says Dani Alves |url=http://www.goal.com/en-gb/news/3277/la-liga/2012/07/12/3237559/messi-better-than-neymar-says-dani-alves |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120716031159/http://www.goal.com/en-gb/news/3277/la-liga/2012/07/12/3237559/messi-better-than-neymar-says-dani-alves |archive-date=16 July 2012 |access-date=12 July 2012 |work=Goal.com}}</ref><ref name="tuttomercatoweb.com2" /> At Santos, he was renowned for his explosive pace and flair, often beating defenders with ease and showcasing excessive skill moves—frequently bordering on showboating.<ref name=":40" /> At Barcelona, he became more efficient in providing and more refined, improving his passing and overall decision-making.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Pettigrove |first=Jason |title=A Complete Analysis of Neymar for Barcelona vs. Neymar for Brazil |url=https://bleacherreport.com/articles/2403303-a-complete-analysis-of-neymar-for-barcelona-vs-neymar-for-brazil |access-date=2025-06-10 |website=bleacherreport.com}}</ref> After joining PSG, he evolved into a complete number 10, capable of dictating play and executing highly difficult passes.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Ronay |first=Barney |date=2020-12-03 |title=Solskjær's failure to see red allows Neymar to dictate defeat |url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/blog/2020/dec/03/solskjaer-neymar-manchester-united-psg-champions-league |access-date=2025-06-10 |work=The Guardian |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> Reflecting on his years at PSG, Neymar said that he experienced his prime years as a footballer at the club.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-12-15 |title=Neymar bizarrely claims his 'best sporting years were at PSG' despite lingering 'feeling of sadness' over his time with Ligue 1 giants |url=https://www.goal.com/en-gb/lists/neymar-bizarrely-claims-his-best-sporting-years-were-at-psg-despite-sadness-time-with-ligue-1-giants/blt8519ceda4485b1ef |access-date=2025-06-04 |website=www.goal.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=FAMBO |first=Mahouna Gaël |date=2025-06-30 |title=Neymar Jr : "Entre 2017 et 2020 au PSG, j'étais inarrêtable" |url=https://tribuna.com/fr/news/2025-06-30-neymar-jr-entre-2017-et-2020-au-psg-jetais-inarretable/ |access-date=2025-07-05 |website=Tribuna.com}}</ref>

According to Westwood of [[Goal (website)|''Goal'']], "[Neymar] is a master dribbler, and he sees openings that other players don't. He can create chances out of nothing and more often than not, has the finishing touch or decisive final pass to match his ingenuity on the ball."<ref name=":82">{{Cite web |date=15 August 2023 |title=Neymar threw away his chance to become a Barcelona great! Saudi Arabia transfer the only option after world-record failure at PSG |url=https://www.goal.com/en/lists/neymar-threw-away-barcelona-great-saudi-arabia-transfer-psg-failure/blt4b2702bdafc3f4b3 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231120171638/https://www.goal.com/en/lists/neymar-threw-away-barcelona-great-saudi-arabia-transfer-psg-failure/blt4b2702bdafc3f4b3 |archive-date=20 November 2023 |access-date=20 November 2023 |website=www.goal.com}}</ref> In similar observation, [[Bobby Ghosh]] of ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'' magazine details Neymar's style of play: "In an era of pass-and-move, Neymar is not afraid to keep the ball, dribble and weave past his opponents rather than simply figure out the most effective way of moving it forward."<ref name=":402">{{Cite magazine |last=Paulo |first=Bobby Ghosh / São |date=2013-03-04 |title=Game Changer: Why Is Soccer Superstar Neymar Still Playing in Brazil? |url=https://time.com/archive/6643189/game-changer-why-is-soccer-superstar-neymar-still-playing-in-brazil/ |access-date=2025-06-04 |magazine=TIME |language=en}}</ref> Former Santos player [[Lima (footballer, born 1942)|Lima]], of the ''[[Os Santásticos]]'' era, claimed that "Neymar has something that even Pelé doesn’t, the speed of his feet and the way he can move the ball."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Herbert |first=Ian |date=17 June 2014 |title=World Cup 2014: Is Neymar as good as Pele? |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/football/international/world-cup-2014-is-neymar-as-good-as-pele-9541857.html |website=[[The Independent]]}}</ref>

=== Reception ===
[[File:Seleção olímpica masculina de futebol faz primeiro treino em Brasília (28674595996).jpg|thumb|330x330px|Throughout his career, Neymar's talent often led him to be depended on for Brazil's success.<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Staff |first=TIME |date=2014-06-12 |title=All Brazilian Eyes Are on Soccer Savior Neymar |url=https://time.com/2863230/world-cup-brazil-neymar-savior/ |access-date=2025-06-24 |magazine=TIME }}</ref>]]
During his time in Europe, Neymar was generally viewed as the third-best player in the world, behind Messi and Ronaldo.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Pettigrove |first=Jason |date=11 March 2015 |title=Why Neymar Is the 3rd-Best Player in the World on Current Form |url=https://bleacherreport.com/articles/2387319-why-neymar-is-the-third-best-player-in-the-world-on-current-form |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150315033631/http://bleacherreport.com/articles/2387319-why-neymar-is-the-third-best-player-in-the-world-on-current-form |archive-date=15 March 2015 |access-date=15 January 2021 |website=Bleacher Report}}</ref><ref>*{{cite news |date=14 November 2021 |title=Neymar is technically better than Messi & Ronaldo - Cafu |url=https://www.goal.com/en-my/news/neymar-is-technically-better-than-messi-ronaldo-cafu/bltc2953d1076ccea65 |access-date=15 November 2021 |newspaper=[[Goal (website)|Goal]]}}
*{{cite news |date=31 January 2021 |title='PSG Star Neymar Is The Best Player In The World Ahead Of Lionel Messi And Cristiano Ronaldo' |url=https://www.sportbible.com/football/news-neymar-is-the-best-player-in-the-world-ahead-of-messi-and-ronaldo-20210131 |access-date=7 November 2021 |newspaper=[[SPORTbible]]}}
*{{cite web |date=29 January 2021 |title=Neymar is Currently the Best Player in the World; He Plays More Balls Than Ronaldo and Messi - Caio Ribeiro |url=https://www.90min.com/in/posts/neymar-is-currently-the-best-player-in-the-world-he-plays-more-balls-than-ronaldo-and-messi-caio-ribeiro |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211107142929/https://www.90min.com/in/posts/neymar-is-currently-the-best-player-in-the-world-he-plays-more-balls-than-ronaldo-and-messi-caio-ribeiro |archive-date=7 November 2021 |access-date=7 November 2021 |website=[[90min.com|90min]]}}
*{{cite web |date=10 December 2020 |title=Neymar Is Finally The Best Player In The World |url=https://defector.com/neymar-is-finally-the-best-player-in-the-world/ |access-date=7 November 2021 |website=[[Defector Media]]}}
*{{cite web |date=12 November 2020 |title=Neymar: The fourth-best player in 2019-20 or a master of deception? |url=https://www.goal.com/en/news/neymar-fourth-best-player-2019-20-or-master-of-deception/o8mkp1u2b4sz1qr3z56h92idg |access-date=7 November 2021 |website=[[Goal (website)|Goal.com]]}}
*{{cite web |date=19 August 2020 |title=Neymar is the most decisive player in the world |url=https://www.marca.com/en/football/international-football/2020/08/19/5f3c54a2268e3e9f428b4584.html |access-date=7 November 2021 |website=[[Marca (newspaper)|Marca]]}}
*{{cite news |date=24 April 2020 |title=Nenê: 'Neymar the best in the world |url=https://www.ligue1.com/Articles/NEWS/2020/04/24/nene-neymar-the-best-in-the-world-psg-monaco-barcelona |access-date=7 November 2021 |website=[[Ligue 1]]}}
*{{cite web |date=10 March 2017 |title=Rio Ferdinand: This player will replace Barcelona's Lionel Messi as the world No1 |url=https://www.express.co.uk/sport/football/777379/Rio-Ferdinand-Neymar-Worlds-Best-Players-Barcelona-Lionel-Messi |access-date=7 November 2021 |website=[[Daily Express]]}}
*{{cite web |date=11 March 2015 |title=Why Neymar Is the 3rd-Best Player in the World on Current Form |url=https://bleacherreport.com/articles/2387319-why-neymar-is-the-third-best-player-in-the-world-on-current-form |access-date=7 November 2021 |website=[[Bleacher Report]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-05-31 |title=The Great Debate: Who is the third best player in the world? |url=https://onefootball.com/en/news/the-great-debate-who-is-the-third-best-player-in-the-world-25004221 |access-date=2025-05-31 |website=OneFootball}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=5 players who were third best players in the world sometime in the last decade{{!}} All Football |url=https://m.allfootballapp.com/news/All/5-players-who-were-third-best-players-in-the-world-sometime-in-the-last-decade/2801393 |access-date=2025-05-31 |website=AllfootballOfficial}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Pettigrove |first=Jason |title=Why Neymar Is the 3rd-Best Player in the World on Current Form |url=https://bleacherreport.com/articles/2387319-why-neymar-is-the-third-best-player-in-the-world-on-current-form |access-date=2025-05-31 |website=bleacherreport.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Betts |first=Eric |date=2017-08-04 |title=Big Money, Pretty Big Star |url=https://slate.com/culture/2017/08/will-neymar-ever-overtake-messi-and-ronaldo-as-the-worlds-greatest-soccer-player.html |access-date=2025-05-31 |work=Slate |issn=1091-2339}}</ref><ref name=":14" /> ''[[Sports Illustrated]]'' asserts that he arguably eclipsed Ronaldo as the second-best player in the world behind Messi during his years in the ''MSN'' trio,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-10-18 |title=The 50 Greatest Soccer Players of All Time |url=https://www.si.com/soccer/the-50-greatest-soccer-players-of-all-time |access-date=2025-08-01 |website=SI |language=en-US}}</ref> and at various points in his career he was praised by some journalists as the best player in the world.<ref name=":152">{{Cite news |date=2015-11-19 |title=Neymar, Messi, Ronaldo: Is Brazilian now world's best player? |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/34835193 |access-date=2025-05-31 |work=BBC Sport}}</ref><ref name=":172">{{Cite news |date=13 August 2020 |title=Neymar: Is he now the best player in the world? |url=https://www.bbc.com/newsround/53736391 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240209183253/https://www.bbc.co.uk/newsround/53736391 |archive-date=9 February 2024 |access-date=15 November 2023 |work=BBC Newsround}}</ref><ref name=":182">{{Cite web |date=18 August 2020 |title=Neymar is the most decisive player in the world |url=https://www.marca.com/en/football/international-football/2020/08/19/5f3c54a2268e3e9f428b4584.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200819041802/https://www.marca.com/en/football/international-football/2020/08/19/5f3c54a2268e3e9f428b4584.html |archive-date=19 August 2020 |access-date=15 November 2023 |website=MARCA in English}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Haisley |first=Billy |date=10 December 2020 |title=Neymar Is Finally The Best Player In The World |url=https://defector.com/neymar-is-finally-the-best-player-in-the-world/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201210205924/https://defector.com/neymar-is-finally-the-best-player-in-the-world/ |archive-date=10 December 2020 |access-date=15 January 2021 |website=Defector}}</ref> Neymar has been nominated for the Ballon d'Or nine times, which is more than any other Brazilian player in history, and has finished in the top 10 six times—only Zidane, [[Thierry Henry]], Messi, and Ronaldo have more.<ref name=":27" /> Lawrence Ostlere of ''[[The Independent]]'' opinionated that Messi was the only player superior in "every facet of the game" than Neymar during his 10-year tenure in Europe.<ref>{{Cite web |date=18 August 2023 |title=Farewell to Neymar, a European career played out in Lionel Messi's shadow |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/football/neymar-jr-al-hilal-contract-messi-b2395495.html |access-date=23 November 2023 |website=The Independent}}</ref> He is widely regarded as the best Brazilian player of his generation;<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-01-20 |title=Neymar's Top 10 Goals of His Career So Far |url=https://www.si.com/soccer/neymar-s-10-best-goals-of-his-career-so-far |access-date=2025-05-31 |website=SI}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Who is the best Brazilian footballer of all time? Pele, Ronaldo and top 20 in history |url=https://www.goal.com/en-cm/lists/ronaldo-pele-neymar-and-top-20-brazilian-footballers-in-history/lp660z0dfzlw1n008mykjwf7y |access-date=2 February 2023 |website=Goal.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=25 June 2019 |title=Ranking The Top 30 Brazilian Soccer Players |url=https://sportscroll.com/ranking-the-top-30-brazilian-soccer-players/ |access-date=2 February 2023 |website=Sport Scroll}}</ref> the term ''Neymardependencia'' (Neymar dependency) is often used in Brazil to refer to the extent to which the national team relies on him to guide their success.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-10-18 |title=Neymar dependência? Números da Seleção Brasileira pioram sem o camisa 10 |url=https://www.cnnbrasil.com.br/esportes/futebol/neymar-dependencia-numeros-da-selecao-brasileira-pioram-sem-o-camisa-10/ |access-date=2025-06-05 |website=CNN Brasil |language=pt-BR}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=World Cup 2022: Neymar dependency lingers but Brazil have temperament and quality to rule in Qatar |url=https://www.skysports.com/football/news/12027/12719401/world-cup-2022-neymar-dependency-lingers-but-brazil-have-temperament-and-quality-to-rule-in-qatar |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221126040845/https://www.skysports.com/football/news/12027/12719401/world-cup-2022-neymar-dependency-lingers-but-brazil-have-temperament-and-quality-to-rule-in-qatar |archive-date=26 November 2022 |access-date=2025-06-05 |work=Sky Sports |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Raphinha |first=Brasil enfrenta una difícil situación sin Neymar, con un porcentaje de victorias del 54,7% en los partidos que jugó sin él Desde su lesión en 2023, la selección ha tenido un rendimiento irregular en las eliminatorias sudamericanas A. pesar de los esfuerzos por reemplazarlo, la dependencia de Neymar sigue siendo evidente, y la Canarinha busca el liderazgo de jugadores como Vinícius Júnior, Rodrygo Goes y |title=El dato que revela la Neymar-dependencia en Brasil |url=https://www.beinsports.com/es-us/football/eliminatorias-conmebol/articles-video/el-dato-que-revela-la-neymar-dependencia-en-brasil-2025-03-18 |access-date=2025-06-05 |website=beIN SPORTS |language=es-us}}</ref> In Brazil, he is often referred to as '''''O Príncipe''''' ("The Prince"), a title that reflects a symbolic parallel to Pelé, who is widely known as '''''O Rei''''' ("The King").<ref>{{Cite web |last=esportenewsmundo |title=Santos confirma retorno de Neymar: "O príncipe está de volta" |url=https://www.terra.com.br/esportes/santos/santos-confirma-retorno-de-neymar-o-principe-esta-de-volta,4a7b7a1ca5da480d9079c6eee18ea9a20c1zu0aj.html |access-date=2025-07-14 |website=Terra |language=pt-BR}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title='O príncipe está de volta': como o Santos anunciou o retorno de Neymar; veja |url=https://veja.abril.com.br/esporte/o-principe-esta-de-volta-como-o-santos-anunciou-o-retorno-de-neymar-veja/ |access-date=2025-07-14 |website=VEJA |language=pt-BR}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Baum |first=Maico |date=2025-01-31 |title=Neymar: O Príncipe que Nunca Foi Rei |url=https://clicr.com.br/neymar-o-principe-que-nunca-foi-rei/ |access-date=2025-07-14 |website=Portal ClicR |language=pt-BR}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-01-30 |title=À espera de Neymar, Santos avisa |url=https://ge.globo.com/sp/santos-e-regiao/futebol/times/santos/noticia/2025/01/30/a-espera-de-neymar-santos-avisa-o-principe-esta-a-caminho.ghtml |access-date=2025-07-14 |website=ge |language=pt-br}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-02-05 |title=Neymar faz post horas antes da estreia: "Sai o menino, entra o príncipe" |url=https://www.cnnbrasil.com.br/esportes/futebol/santos/neymar-faz-post-horas-antes-da-estreia-sai-o-menino-entra-o-principe/ |access-date=2025-07-14 |website=CNN Brasil |language=pt-BR}}</ref>

Neymar has drawn high praise from current and former players, including [[Son Heung-min]]—who described him as the best player in the world in 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |date=31 May 2022 |title=Heung-Min Son on Neymar: He is the world's best... I'm trying to get there |url=https://www.skysports.com/football/video/30998/12624541/son-on-neymar-he-is-one-of-the-best-in-the-world-and-i-am-trying-to-get-there |website=[[Sky Sports News]]}}</ref><ref name=":23">{{Cite web |last=Pandit |first=Deepungsu |date=2025-02-27 |title="Should've cleaned out the Ballon d'Or from 2017 onwards" - Ex-Manchester United star hails Neymar Jr, makes bold claim |url=https://www.sportskeeda.com/football/news-should-ve-cleaned-ballon-d-or-2017-onwards-ex-manchester-united-star-hails-neymar-jr-makes-bold-claim |access-date=2025-05-23 |website=www.sportskeeda.com}}</ref><ref name=":55">{{Cite web |last=read |first=PSG Talk·2 min |date=2024-10-11 |title=Neymar Over Messi? Ex-OM Player Highlights What Made Brazilian Special at PSG |url=https://sports.yahoo.com/neymar-over-messi-ex-om-085100624.html |access-date=2025-06-05 |website=Yahoo Sports}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-04-24 |title=TIME 100: David Beckham pens tribute to Neymar |url=https://www.si.com/soccer/2017/04/24/david-beckham-neymar-time-100 |access-date=2025-06-03 |website=SI}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Patterson |first=Mark |title=Diego Maradona: The Gap Between Messi and Neymar the Same as Between Me and Pele |url=https://bleacherreport.com/articles/2093723-diego-maradona-the-gap-between-messi-and-neymar-the-same-as-between-me-and-pele |access-date=2025-05-31 |website=bleacherreport.com}}</ref> Former players [[Luis García (footballer, born 1978)|Luis García]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=10 September 2023 |title=Neymar is the only one who can stop himself – Ale Moreno {{!}} ESPN FC |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MYltwdE4528&t=735s |website=[[ESPN FC]] on [[YouTube]]}}</ref> and Ronaldo (Brazilian)<ref>{{Cite web |last=Stewart |first=Ben |date=2025-03-01 |title=Ronaldo Nazario names his 11 best footballers of all time |url=https://www.planetfootball.com/lists-and-rankings/ronaldo-nazario-names-best-players-of-all-time-messi-pele |access-date=2025-06-15 |website=Planet Football}}</ref> and current players [[Harvey Elliott]] of Liverpool<ref name=":142">{{Cite web |last=Wilks |first=Mitchell |date=2024-10-24 |title=6 fantastic footballers who have grown up idolising Neymar: Rodrygo, Musiala... |url=https://www.planetfootball.com/lists-and-rankings/6-fantastic-footballers-idolise-neymar-rashford-musiala-rodrygo |access-date=2025-05-31 |website=Planet Football}}</ref> and [[Dominic Solanke]] of [[Tottenham Hotspur F.C.|Tottenham]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=football |first=The Tottenham forward spoke about the magic of the Brazilian star and stated that he is one of the greatest players in the history of |title=A Premier League Star Places Neymar among The Greatest in Football History |url=https://www.beinsports.com/en-us/soccer/articles-video/a-premier-league-star-places-neymar-among-the-greatest-in-football-history-2024-10-09 |access-date=2025-08-01 |website=beIN SPORTS |language=en-us}}</ref> praised Neymar as one of the greatest players of all time. Both [[Bayer 04 Leverkusen|Bayer Leverkusen]] striker [[Victor Boniface]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-02-09 |title=Victor Boniface: Neymar is the GOAT of Football |url=https://thenews-chronicle.com/victor-boniface-neymar-is-the-goat-of-football/ |access-date=2025-08-20 |website=The News Chronicle |language=en-US}}</ref> and [[AC Milan]] winger [[Rafael Leão]] regard him as the greatest player of all time.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Instagram |url=https://www.instagram.com/p/DNpXqKKywPo/ |access-date=2025-08-29 |website=www.instagram.com}}</ref> Chelsea player [[Cole Palmer]] ranked Neymar second in his personal top five greatest players of all time, only behind Messi.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Prince |first=Toby |date=2025-10-10 |title=Cole Palmer ranks his top five players of all time - two former Barca stars are first and second |url=https://tribuna.com/en/blogs/cole-palmer-ranks-his-top-five-players-of-all-time-two-forme/ |access-date=2025-10-11 |website=Tribuna.com}}</ref> Former goalkeeper [[Gianluigi Buffon]] chose Neymar as the best player he has ever played with or played against.<ref name=":64">{{Cite web |title="Neymar Should Have Won 5 Ballon d'Ors," Says Gianluigi Buffon |url=https://www.beinsports.com/en-us/soccer/articles-video/-neymar-should-have-won-5-ballon-d-ors-says-gianluigi-buffon-2024-11-19 |access-date=2025-05-31 |website=beIN SPORTS}}</ref> Former France international [[Christophe Dugarry]] said that Neymar is "one of the three greatest players, in terms of intrinsic qualities."<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-12-17 |title=Neymar told he was 'lucky' to play for PSG & can 'only blame himself' for not winning the Ballon d'Or after being given 'best possible conditions' at Parc des Princes |url=https://www.goal.com/en-gb/lists/neymar-told-lucky-play-psg-only-blame-himself-not-winning-ballon-d-or-best-possible-conditions-parc-des-princes/blt5f562f36afcddc7b |access-date=2025-07-06 |website=www.goal.com}}</ref> [[Maxime Lopez]], who played for Marseille against PSG, claimed that only Messi is more talented than Neymar.<ref>{{Cite web |last=read |first=PSG Talk·2 min |date=2024-10-11 |title=Neymar Over Messi? Ex-OM Player Highlights What Made Brazilian Special at PSG |url=https://sports.yahoo.com/neymar-over-messi-ex-om-085100624.html |access-date=2025-06-05 |website=Yahoo Sports |language=en-US}}</ref> According to Maradona, the gap between Messi and Neymar is the same as between himself and Pelé.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Patterson |first=Mark |title=Diego Maradona: The Gap Between Messi and Neymar the Same as Between Me and Pele |url=https://bleacherreport.com/articles/2093723-diego-maradona-the-gap-between-messi-and-neymar-the-same-as-between-me-and-pele |access-date=2025-05-31 |website=bleacherreport.com |language=en}}</ref>

In light of surpassing Pelé to become Brazil's all-time top goalscorer, Cox of ''[[The Athletic]]'' asserted that Neymar is one of the best players football has ever seen.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Cox |first=Michael |date=11 September 2023 |title=Neymar, record breaker: one of football's true greats |url=https://www.nytimes.com/athletic/4838524/2023/09/09/neymar-pele-brazil/ |access-date=28 October 2023 |website=The Athletic}}</ref> Tom Hindle of ''Goal'' claimed that at Neymar's best form, there are a few players better than him, crediting him as among the most talented players ever.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-10-14 |title=Lionel Messi, Neymar and the 25 best South American players of the 21st century so far - ranked |url=https://www.goal.com/en-gb/lists/best-south-american-players-21st-century-ranked/blt09835f819d551c38#cse44e5454950b5a56 |access-date=2025-03-03 |website=www.goal.com}}</ref> In the view of ''[[GiveMeSport]]'', highlighting the dominance of Messi and Ronaldo, Neymar might be considered the best Brazilian player of all time if he shone in another era.<ref name=":132">{{Cite web |last=Mitton |first=Alex |date=2024-08-19 |title=The 10 greatest wingers in football history have been named and ranked |url=https://www.givemesport.com/football-soccer-greatest-wingers-ever-ranked/ |access-date=2025-05-31 |website=GiveMeSport}}</ref> In 2019, he was named the best Brazilian player post-Pelé by the Brazilian monthly sports magazine ''[[Placar]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-02-22 |title=Neymar dismisses Pele talk after poll snub |url=https://www.espn.com/soccer/story/_/id/37570033/brazil-neymar-says-post-pele-debate-makes-no-sense-not-making-top-10-espn-brasil-poll |access-date=2025-06-03 |website=ESPN.com}}</ref> Former Manchester United defender [[Axel Tuanzebe]] claimed that Neymar should have won all the Ballon d’Ors from 2017 onwards.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Pandit |first=Deepungsu |date=2025-02-27 |title="Should've cleaned out the Ballon d'Or from 2017 onwards" - Ex-Manchester United star hails Neymar Jr, makes bold claim |url=https://www.sportskeeda.com/football/news-should-ve-cleaned-ballon-d-or-2017-onwards-ex-manchester-united-star-hails-neymar-jr-makes-bold-claim |access-date=2025-05-23 |website=www.sportskeeda.com}}</ref> Buffon opinionated that Neymar should have won at least five Ballon d'Ors.<ref name=":64" /> Early in his career, particularly after his stellar 2014–15 season with Barcelona at 23 years old, he was unanimously expected to win the Ballon d'Or at some point in his career.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hayward |first=Paul |date=2016-01-10 |title=Ballon d'Or 2016: Neymar tipped to finally break Lionel Messi-Cristiano Ronaldo duopoly |url=https://www.smh.com.au/sport/soccer/ballon-dor-2016-neymar-tipped-to-finally-break-lionel-messicristiano-ronaldo-duopoly-20160111-gm30wc.html |access-date=2025-07-06 |website=The Sydney Morning Herald}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Lowe |first=Sid |date=2016-01-10 |title=Lionel Messi set for Ballon d'Or but Neymar threatens the old duopoly |url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/blog/2016/jan/10/lionel-messi-ballon-dor-neymar-cristiano-ronaldo |access-date=2025-07-06 |work=The Guardian |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> ''Sports Illustrated'' claimed that he could end his career as the best player never to win a Ballon d'Or, joining the likes of Henry and Iniesta.<ref>{{Cite magazine |date=30 September 2019 |title=Neymar Jr: Brazil's Generational Talent Who Dictated the Greatest Champions League Night in History |url=https://www.si.com/soccer/2019/09/30/neymar-jr-brazils-generational-talent-who-dictated-greatest-champions-league-night-history |access-date=28 October 2023 |magazine=Sports Illustrated}}</ref>

Many players have cited Neymar as the toughest opponent they have faced in their career; this includes [[Kyle Walker]], [[João Cancelo]], [[Aaron Wan-Bissaka]], [[Dani Carvajal]], and [[Rodrigo De Paul]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-08-28 |title=Real Madrid's Carvajal names Neymar as his toughest opponent and reveals Zidane's 'greatest virtue' |url=https://www.goal.com/en-gb/news/real-madrid-carvajal-neymar-toughest-opponent-zidane-greatest-virtue/w64h8zojxzpo1pfb1aminf6h2 |access-date=2025-05-31 |website=www.goal.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Wan-Bissaka says Neymar is the toughest opponent he has faced{{!}} All Football |url=https://m.allfootballapp.com/news/All/Wan-Bissaka-says-Neymar-is-the-toughest-opponent-he-has-faced/2573111 |access-date=2025-05-31 |website=AllfootballOfficial}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Livesey |first=Andrew |date=2023-12-29 |title=Mbappe or Neymar? Joao Cancelo names most dangerous opponent he's ever played against |url=https://tribuna.com/en/news/fcbarcelona-2023-12-29-mbappe-or-neymar-joao-cancelo-names-most-dangerous-opponent-hes-ever-played-against/ |access-date=2025-05-31 |website=Tribuna.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Sadhanand |first=Srinivas |date=2024-05-29 |title=Kyle Walker names the two best players he has ever faced |url=https://www.manchestercity.news/kyle-walker-names-the-two-best-players-he-has-ever-faced-in-his-career-neymar-hazard/ |access-date=2025-05-31 |website=Manchester City News}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=De Paul: Neymar in the Copa América final was the toughest opponent I faced{{!}} All Football |url=https://m.allfootballapp.com/news/La-Liga/De-Paul-Neymar-in-the-Copa-Am%C3%A9rica-final-was-the-toughest-opponent-I-faced/3402016 |access-date=2025-05-31 |website=AllfootballOfficial}}</ref><ref name=":55" /> Despite still being in his early 30s, players of the new era of football have singled out Neymar's influence, with many calling him their idol. This includes [[Jadon Sancho]],<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-04-25 |title=Dortmund's Sancho: Neymar is my role model |url=https://www.espn.co.uk/football/story/_/id/37552235/neymar-my-role-model-favourite-player-borussia-dortmund-jadon-sancho |access-date=2025-05-31 |website=ESPN.com}}</ref> [[Vinícius Júnior]],<ref>{{Cite web |last=Маманов |first=Диер |date=2019-06-08 |title=Vinicius: 'Neymar is my idol and I try to imitate many things he does' |url=https://tribuna.com/en/news/realmadrid-2020-03-06-vinicius-neymar-is-my-idol-and-i-try-to-imitate-many-things-he-does/ |access-date=2025-06-27 |website=Tribuna.com}}</ref> Mbappé,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-01-22 |title='I could talk many times about Neymar!' - Kylian Mbappe responds to Brazilian's claims he was 'jealous' of Lionel Messi at PSG |url=https://www.goal.com/en-gb/lists/i-could-talk-many-times-about-neymar-kylian-mbappe-responds-to-brazilian-s-claims-he-was-jealous-of-lionel-messi-at-psg/bltaac218501702f20d |access-date=2025-06-01 |website=www.goal.com}}</ref> [[Rodrygo]],<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-03-19 |title=Rodrygo hails idol Neymar as 'an absolute genius' |url=https://www.goal.com/en-gb/news/rodrygo-hails-idol-neymar-as-an-absolute-genius/im0x6ckf84qa1w4h4j8zm268z |access-date=2025-06-01 |website=www.goal.com}}</ref> [[Jamal Musiala]],<ref name=":142" /> Harvey Elliott,<ref name=":142" /> [[Xavi Simons]],<ref>{{Cite web |last=read |first=OneFootball·3 min |date=2025-05-27 |title=Neymar, funk and special braids: Xavi Simons on his ties to Brazil |url=https://ca.sports.yahoo.com/news/neymar-funk-unique-braids-xavi-213300098.html |access-date=2025-06-01 |website=Yahoo Sports}}</ref> [[Lamine Yamal]],<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-01-08 |title=Lamine Yamal snubs Lionel Messi for Neymar as Barcelona wonderkid explains why Brazilian 'legend' is his main idol |url=https://www.goal.com/en-gb/lists/lamine-yamal-snubs-lionel-messi-neymar-explains-why-brazilian-legend-main-idol/bltaf66b054492828e4#cs931f6debb431e377 |access-date=2025-05-23 |website=www.goal.com}}</ref> [[Désiré Doué]],<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-04-11 |title=PSG Young Talent Desire Doue Reveals His Idol Who Has Worn The Parisian Jersey |url=https://www.si.com/onsi/soccer/psg/news/psg-young-talent-desire-doue-reveals-his-idol-who-has-worn-the-parisian-jersey |access-date=2025-05-23 |website=PSG On SI}}</ref> and [[Nico Williams]].

== Criticisms ==
{{Quote box
| quote = "And so, circus Neymar arrived in Dortmund. The Brazilian's moods, histrionics, petulance, and goalscoring prowess were on view in every fascinating and exasperating detail."
| source = —''[[Forbes]]'' on some of the traits associated with Neymar following a Champions League game for PSG against Borussia Dortmund, February 2020.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Kunti|first=Samindra|date=18 February 2020|title=Champions League: Petulant Neymar And PSG Toppled By Dortmund Prodigy Haaland|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/samindrakunti/2020/02/18/champions-league-petulant-neymar-and-psg-toppled-by-dortmund-prodigy-haaland/?sh=2148c8464419|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210114163042/https://www.forbes.com/sites/samindrakunti/2020/02/18/champions-league-petulant-neymar-and-psg-toppled-by-dortmund-prodigy-haaland/?sh=e5cf0e544192|archive-date=14 January 2021|access-date=15 January 2021|website=[[Forbes]]}}</ref>
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}}Neymar has been known and criticised for his excessive [[Diving (association football)|diving]]<ref name="NYTimes20182">{{cite web |date=5 July 2018 |title=Neymar and the Art of the Dive |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/07/05/sports/world-cup/neymar-brazil-diving.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210105020938/https://www.nytimes.com/2018/07/05/sports/world-cup/neymar-brazil-diving.html |archive-date=5 January 2021 |access-date=14 January 2021 |work=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref><ref name="Guardian20182">{{cite web |date=5 July 2018 |title=Neymar can be the best in the world but he has to grow up first |url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2018/jul/03/neymar-best-in-the-world-grow-up-first |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201109004730/https://www.theguardian.com/football/2018/jul/03/neymar-best-in-the-world-grow-up-first |archive-date=9 November 2020 |access-date=14 January 2021 |work=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref><ref name="BleacherReport20182">{{cite web |date=5 July 2018 |title=Neymar Dive in Mexico Game Enrages Twitter |url=https://bleacherreport.com/neymar-dive-in-mexico-game-enrages-twitter |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200920205333/https://bleacherreport.com/neymar-dive-in-mexico-game-enrages-twitter |archive-date=20 September 2020 |access-date=14 January 2021 |work=[[Bleacher Report]]}}</ref><ref name="Deadspin20182">{{cite web |date=5 July 2018 |title=Neymar Theatrical Diving Is Already Corrupting The Youth |url=https://deadspin.com/neymars-theatrical-diving-is-already-corrupting-the-you-1827360733 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200925174434/https://deadspin.com/neymars-theatrical-diving-is-already-corrupting-the-you-1827360733 |archive-date=25 September 2020 |access-date=14 January 2021 |work=[[Deadspin]]}}</ref> when tackled by another player. Brazilian legend Pelé has said, "[h]e is a player with a body that can't take a lot of hits. [...] A lot of times he will fall because he can't do anything else, but he was overdoing it." He continued: "Even when he is fouled, he can't make a spectacle out of it".<ref>{{cite news |date=23 June 2011 |title=Pele says he told young star Neymar to stop diving |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/top-stories/Pele-says-he-told-young-star-Neymar-to-stop-diving/articleshow/8957666.cms |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120821001847/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/top-stories/Pele-says-he-told-young-star-Neymar-to-stop-diving/articleshow/8957666.cms |archive-date=21 August 2012 |work=The Times of India}}</ref> During the 2018 World Cup, Neymar inspired on the "Neymar Challenge" on social media due to his dramatic dives.<ref>{{cite magazine |last1=Hoffman |first1=Ashley |title=The 'Neymar Challenge' Is Spreading Laughter Across the World |url=https://time.com/5333146/neymar-challenge/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201128154835/https://time.com/5333146/neymar-challenge/ |archive-date=28 November 2020 |access-date=4 May 2019 |magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Allison |first1=Alexis |title=Fans diving into Neymar Challenge in dramatic fashion |url=https://www.cbc.ca/sports/soccer/worldcup/fans-diving-into-neymar-challenge-dramatic-fashion-1.4737655 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201109035758/https://www.cbc.ca/sports/soccer/worldcup/fans-diving-into-neymar-challenge-dramatic-fashion-1.4737655 |archive-date=9 November 2020 |access-date=4 May 2019 |website=[[CBC Sports]]}}</ref> As the star player for Brazil and PSG, he was often the most targeted player on the field; in 2018, he was the most fouled player in the top five leagues.<ref>{{cite news |date=3 July 2018 |title=PSG's Neymar the most fouled player in Europe's top leagues |url=http://www.espn.co.uk/football/paris-saint-germain/story/3394387/psgs-neymar-the-most-fouled-player-in-europes-top-leagues |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201109021613/https://www.espn.co.uk/football/paris-saint-germain/story/3394387/psgs-neymar-the-most-fouled-player-in-europes-top-leagues |archive-date=9 November 2020 |access-date=14 January 2021 |agency=ESPN}}</ref> A divisive figure in the sport, he has been accused of exaggerating injury, with [[Eric Cantona]] stating Neymar is a "great actor", comparing him to a wheeled suitcase: "you barely touch it, and it turns round and round for hours."<ref>{{cite web |date=30 June 2018 |title=Manchester United legend Eric Cantona issues Neymar warning |url=https://www.manchestereveningnews.co.uk/sport/football/man-united-eric-cantona-neymar-14849353 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201025221116/https://www.manchestereveningnews.co.uk/sport/football/man-united-eric-cantona-neymar-14849353 |archive-date=25 October 2020 |access-date=14 January 2021 |website=Manchester Evening News |publisher=[[Eurosport]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Stokes |first1=Aaron |date=2 July 2018 |title=Neymar: Brazil star BRUTALLY mocked again by former Man Utd star Eric Cantona |url=https://www.express.co.uk/sport/football/982602/Neymar-Brazil-mocked-World-Cup-diving-Man-Utd-star-Eric-Cantona |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180703050642/https://www.express.co.uk/sport/football/982602/Neymar-Brazil-mocked-World-Cup-diving-Man-Utd-star-Eric-Cantona |archive-date=3 July 2018 |access-date=2 July 2018 |work=[[The Daily Express]]}}</ref> In response to the criticism over his petulance and histrionics, Neymar starred in a commercial after the 2018 World Cup where he said that he wasn't able to control his frustrations, which contributed to his theatrics, and he promised to change for the better.<ref>{{Citation |last=Gillette Brasil |title=Um Novo Homem Todo Dia {{!}} Gillette & Neymar Jr. |date=29 July 2018 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lJRjk0SGcqQ |access-date=31 July 2018}}</ref>

Neymar has also been criticised for his lack of professional discipline, with his desire to party and play late-night poker games. In 2018, Pelé criticised Neymar: "It's difficult to defend Neymar for all the things he does besides playing football. I've been with him in Europe twice. We talked and I explained: 'The God of football gave you the gift. What you do complicates it'."<ref name=":82" /> In February 2023, the day after PSG lost to Bayern Munich in the first leg of the Champions League Round of 16, images of Neymar in a fast-food restaurant surfaced on social media. Neymar defended himself, saying "It's my life, I do what I want."<ref name="Le Monde.fr2" />[[File:20180610 FIFA Friendly Match Austria vs. Brazil Neymar 850 2056 (cropped).jpg|thumb|250x250px|From 2018 onwards, injuries and controversies blighted Neymar's career.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Toufaily |first=Assile |title=Neymar And The 'Fake News' About His Paris Saint-Germain Departure |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/assiletoufaily/2023/10/24/neymar-and-the-fake-news-about-his-paris-saint-germain-departure/ |access-date=28 October 2023 |website=Forbes }}</ref>]]In 2023, following his departure from Europe to Saudi Arabia at a young age (31) without winning the Ballon d'Or, various media outlets dubbed Neymar as the 'Prince who never became King'.<ref name=":62" /><ref name=":72" /><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-01-31 |title=Neymar signs for Santos: The prince who never became king at Barcelona or PSG |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/articles/c93q0vr1klxo |access-date=2025-06-03 |website=BBC Sport}}</ref> In a 2025 interview, Neymar responded to the claims that he did not reach the heights expected of him: "Many things happened, I had many injuries that cost me a lot in my career".<ref name=":192">{{Cite web |date=2025-02-28 |title=Neymar reflects on injuries, missing out on 'king' status and names the greatest footballer ever |url=https://www.firstpost.com/sports/football-news/neymar-lionel-messi-pele-brazil-football-team-13867477.html |access-date=2025-05-31 |website=Firstpost}}</ref> In spite of this, he expressed, "I achieved almost everything I dreamed of, and I even achieved things I never dreamed of."<ref name=":192" /> [[Jonathan Wilson (writer)|Jonathan Wilson]] of ''Sports Illustrated'' gives the view that, "The early hype [around Neymar] was absurd, and if he has not lived up to it, it is largely because nobody could have."<ref name=":13">{{Cite web |date=2022-02-04 |title=How Neymar Has Come to Embody Soccer's Modern Age |url=https://www.si.com/soccer/2022/02/04/neymar-30-career-expectations-brazil-world-cup-psg-champions-league |access-date=2025-06-01 |website=SI}}</ref>

== Personal life ==
[[File:Brasil conquista primeiro ouro olímpico nos penaltis 1039248-20082016- mg 0015cropped.jpg|thumb|upright|left|Neymar expresses his Christian faith after winning the gold medal with [[Brazil national under-23 football team|Brazil]] at the [[2016 Summer Olympics]].]]

Neymar has a very close [[sibling relationship]] with his sister Rafaella Beckran. He honoured Beckran by tattooing her face on his arm while she tattooed her brother's eyes on her arm.<ref>{{cite news|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150828230450/http://www.independent.co.uk/sport/football/news-and-comment/neymar-reveals-new-tattoo-of-his-sisters-face-on-his-arm-10345683.html|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/football/news-and-comment/neymar-reveals-new-tattoo-of-his-sisters-face-on-his-arm-10345683.html|title=Neymar reveals new tattoo of his sister's face on his arm|archive-date=28 August 2015|work=The Independent|date=25 June 2015|access-date=1 August 2015}}</ref> Neymar is the father of one son and three daughters, two of whom with his current partner.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nbcwashington.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/neymar-welcomes-baby-no-3-less-than-9-months-after-daughter/3670177/|title=Neymar welcomes baby No. 3 less than 9 months after daughter|last=DeGrazia|first=Leah|work=[[WCAU|NBC 10 Philadelphia]]|date=19 July 2024|via=[[E!]] Online}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.cnnbrasil.com.br/esportes/futebol/neymar-e-pai-de-4-filhos-com-3-mulheres-diferentes-conheca/|title=Neymar é pai de 4 filhos com 3 mulheres diferentes; conheça|work=CNN Brasil|date=7 July 2025|last=Filho|first=Edison}}</ref>

Neymar is a [[Christianity|Christian]]<ref name="neymarjr"/><ref name="instagram.com"/> and follows the [[Pentecostalism|Pentecostal]] branch of the religion.<ref>{{cite news|title=Neymar's Religion Helps Ease Burden Amid Concern of Divisiveness|website=[[Bloomberg News]] |date=14 May 2014 |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2014-05-14/neymar-s-religion-helps-ease-burden-amid-concern-of-divisiveness.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150109134214/http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2014-05-14/neymar-s-religion-helps-ease-burden-amid-concern-of-divisiveness.html|archive-date=9 January 2015}}</ref> Neymar has said about his faith: "Life only makes sense when our highest ideal is to serve [[Jesus|Christ]]!"<ref>{{cite web|title=neymarjr|url=http://instagram.com/p/kRgc5SRtu5/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140728181315/http://instagram.com/p/kRgc5SRtu5/|archive-date=28 July 2014}}</ref> Additionally, he has worn a headband with the words "100% Jesus".<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.premierchristianity.com/Blog/The-Christian-faith-of-the-world-s-most-expensive-football-player |title=The Christian faith of the world's most expensive football player |access-date=8 August 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170809045010/https://www.premierchristianity.com/Blog/The-Christian-faith-of-the-world-s-most-expensive-football-player |archive-date=9 August 2017 }}</ref> Neymar also [[tithe]]s some of his income to his church and has named [[Kaká]] as his religious role model.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.modernghana.com/sports/466431/2/barcelona-neymar-regularly-offers-10-of-his-earnin.html |title=Barcelona : Neymar regularly offers 10% of his earnings to the Church! |work=Modern Ghana |date=30 May 2013 |access-date=18 June 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402180549/http://www.modernghana.com/sports/466431/2/barcelona-neymar-regularly-offers-10-of-his-earnin.html |archive-date=2 April 2015 }}</ref> Every year, Neymar organises a charity match with fellow Brazilian footballer [[Nenê (footballer, born 1981)|Nenê]] in Nenê's hometown of [[Jundiaí]], with the purpose of raising food for poor families.<ref>[http://www.lemeilleurdupsg.com/article-35595-nene-defie-neymar.html "L'ancien joueur du PSG a convié le néo-capitaine de la Seleçao Neymar pour les bienfaits de son match de bienfaisance Fome So de Bola."] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150214163650/http://www.lemeilleurdupsg.com/article-35595-nene-defie-neymar.html |date=14 February 2015 }}. PSG.com. Retrieved 3 September 2015</ref> In addition to his native [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]], Neymar also speaks Spanish.<ref>{{cite web |title=Neymar: "Messi y Suárez son dos genios" |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pc1FkeSQ-vo |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211221/pc1FkeSQ-vo |archive-date=21 December 2021 |url-status=live|website=YouTube | date=15 February 2015 |publisher=La Liga |access-date=14 June 2019}}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Neymar Jr - Exclusive Interview |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IzgPmjR6alg |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211221/IzgPmjR6alg |archive-date=21 December 2021 |url-status=live|website=YouTube | date=10 October 2015 |publisher=FC Barcelona |access-date=14 June 2019}}{{cbignore}}</ref>

In July 2019, police announced that a rape investigation against Neymar would be dropped due to insufficient evidence.<ref>{{Cite web|date=30 July 2019|title=Neymar rape case dropped over lack of evidence |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-49160302|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200629232207/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-49160302|archive-date=29 June 2020|access-date=27 August 2019|work=BBC News}}</ref> On 2 September 2020, it was reported that Neymar, along with PSG teammates [[Ángel Di María]] and [[Leandro Paredes]], tested positive for COVID-19. The French sports newspaper ''[[L'Équipe]]'' said that the three players reportedly went on vacation in [[Ibiza]]. As a result, they were quarantined for one week, and the rest of the players and working staff were scheduled to take a coronavirus test within the same week.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2 September 2020|title=PSG's Neymar tests positive for coronavirus - sources|url=https://www.espn.com/soccer/story/_/id/37586645/psg-neymar-tests-positive-covid-19-sources|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201103142926/https://www.espn.com/soccer/paris-saint-germain/story/4171449/psgs-neymar-tests-positive-for-covid-19-sources|archive-date=3 November 2020|access-date=14 January 2021|publisher=[[ESPN]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2 September 2020|title=Report: Neymar among positive COVID-19 tests at PSG|url=https://soccer.nbcsports.com//09/02/neymar-covid-19-positive-test-psg-coronavirus/|url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201124034917/https://soccer.nbcsports.com/2020/09/02/neymar-covid-19-positive-test-psg-coronavirus/|archive-date=24 November 2020|access-date=3 September 2020|publisher=NBC Sports}}</ref>

[[File:2019 Final da Copa América 2019 - 48225217491.jpg|thumb|Neymar and Brazilian President [[Jair Bolsonaro]]. He supported Bolsonaro in the [[2022 Brazilian general election]].<ref name=":3">{{Cite news |date=30 September 2022 |title=Brazilian soccer star Neymar backs Bolsonaro ahead of Sunday vote |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/americas/brazilian-soccer-star-neymar-backs-bolsonaro-ahead-sunday-vote-2022-09-29/ |access-date=30 September 2022}}</ref>]]
During a match between Paris Saint-Germain and Marseille, Neymar reported being racially abused by [[Álvaro González (footballer, born 1990)|Álvaro González]], after being sent off for hitting González in the back of the head.<ref>{{Cite web|date=14 September 2020|title=Neymar regrets not hitting Alvaro in the face after red card|url=https://theworldgame.sbs.com.au/neymar-regrets-not-hitting-alvaro-in-the-face-after-red-card|url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200925131528/https://theworldgame.sbs.com.au/neymar-regrets-not-hitting-alvaro-in-the-face-after-red-card|archive-date=25 September 2020|access-date=18 September 2020|website=The World Game}}</ref> The Spanish defender denied making any racist comments towards Neymar.<ref>{{Cite web|date=14 September 2020|title=Álvaro denies Neymar's racism accusations|url=https://en.as.com/en/2020/09/14/football/1600061441_900177.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201027014625/https://en.as.com/en/2020/09/14/football/1600061441_900177.html|archive-date=27 October 2020|access-date=18 September 2020|website=AS.com}}</ref> On 16 September, Neymar was handed a two-match ban for his actions; Ligue 1 also began an investigation into the alleged racist comments made by Álvaro.<ref>{{Cite web|date=16 September 2020|title=Neymar given ban as Ligue 1 release full set of sanctions from shocking brawl|url=https://talksport.com/football/760688/neymar-two-match-ban-slap-brawl-ligue-1-investigation-alleged-racism-paris-saint-germain-marseille/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200930040526/https://talksport.com/football/760688/neymar-two-match-ban-slap-brawl-ligue-1-investigation-alleged-racism-paris-saint-germain-marseille/|archive-date=30 September 2020|access-date=18 September 2020|website=talkSPORT}}</ref> Several days before the decision made by the French league, Spanish radio station [[Cadena SER]] claimed to have footage of Neymar racially abusing OM player [[Hiroki Sakai]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=30 September 2020|title='Chinese s**t': The video which could land Neymar in hot water for alleged racist insult |url=https://www.foxsports.com.au/breaking-news/neymar-racist-insult-video-psg-vs-marseille-hiroki-sakai/news-story/c54c4abbf05d127aea41b7666ad6b2c0|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201202153153/https://www.foxsports.com.au/breaking-news/neymar-racist-insult-video-psg-vs-marseille-hiroki-sakai/news-story/c54c4abbf05d127aea41b7666ad6b2c0?nk=d35640a9cdf87a4b91d19ac5d91c0fd8-1606923113|archive-date=2 December 2020|access-date=1 October 2020|website=[[FOX Sports]]}}</ref> On 30 September, Ligue 1 decided that both Álvaro and Neymar would receive no suspensions as there was insufficient evidence of their wrongdoings.<ref>{{Cite web|date=30 September 2020|title=Neymar and Alvaro Gonzalez avoid disciplinary action following bust-up|url=https://www.skysports.com/football/news/11800/12086388/neymar-and-alvaro-gonzalez-avoid-disciplinary-action-following-bust-up|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201202152755/https://www.skysports.com/football/news/11800/12086388/neymar-and-alvaro-gonzalez-avoid-disciplinary-action-following-bust-up|archive-date=2 December 2020|access-date=1 October 2020|website=[[Sky Sports]]}}</ref> Additionally, Sakai denied any racist comments from Neymar on social media.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Thomas|first=Josh|date=1 October 2020|title=Neymar defended by Marseille's Sakai over racism claim|website=[[Goal (website)|Goal]]|url=https://www.goal.com/en-us/news/neymar-defended-by-marseilles-sakai-over-racism-claim/1gmm44hy0nq1a10twwg7wnniik|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201209164918/https://www.goal.com/en-us/news/neymar-defended-by-marseilles-sakai-over-racism-claim/1gmm44hy0nq1a10twwg7wnniik|archive-date=9 December 2020|access-date=3 October 2020}}</ref>

Neymar supported Brazilian President [[Jair Bolsonaro]] in the [[2022 Brazilian general election]].<ref name=":3" />

In the summer of 2023, [[Agence France-Presse]], citing local authorities, reported that Neymar faced a potential fine of about $1 million for environmental violations committed during the construction of his [[Mangaratiba]] mansion. The process of building his mansion diverted the waterway and used beach sand without permission.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://uk.news.yahoo.com/neymar-faces-possible-1-mn-014457558.html|title=Neymar faces possible $1 mn fine over Brazil property work|date=23 June 2023|website=[[Agence France-Presse]]}}</ref>

==Outside football==

===Wealth and sponsorships===
Neymar has signed many sponsorships since his reputation began to grow from the age of 17. In March 2011, he signed an 11-year contract with American sportswear company Nike,<ref>{{cite news |url= http://www.sportspromedia.com/news/neymar_nets_long-term_deal_with_nike/ |title= Neymar nets long-term deal with Nike |publisher= Sports Pro Media |date= 24 March 2011 |access-date= 24 March 2011 |url-status=live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110425202316/http://www.sportspromedia.com/news/neymar_nets_long-term_deal_with_nike/ |archive-date= 25 April 2011}}</ref> which ended in August 2020 after a Nike employee made a sexual assault complaint against him.<ref>{{cite web|date=28 May 2021|title=Nike says it split with Neymar over sexual assault investigation|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-57278258|access-date=2 February 2022 |publisher=BBC}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=30 August 2020|title=Neymar, Nike part ways after 15 years|url=https://sports.yahoo.com/neymar-nike-part-ways-15-002831323.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201029144527/https://sports.yahoo.com/neymar-nike-part-ways-15-002831323.html|archive-date=29 October 2020|access-date=30 August 2020|publisher=Yahoo! Sports}}</ref> Since then, Neymar has signed with [[Puma (brand)|Puma]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Neymar Jr. Signs Long-Term Deal With Puma|agency=Sneaker News|url=https://sneakernews.com/2020/09/14/neymar-puma-deal/|url-status=live|access-date=26 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201126161839/https://sneakernews.com/2020/09/14/neymar-puma-deal/|archive-date=26 November 2020}}</ref> He adopted the famous PUMA King boots, previously worn by the likes of Pelé, Maradona, [[Johan Cruyff]], and [[Eusébio]].<ref name=":52">{{Cite web |last=Perform |first=Stats |date=2020-09-12 |title=Neymar cites Pele and Maradona influence as PSG star signs with Puma |url=https://en.as.com/en/2020/09/12/soccer/1599918906_694678.html |access-date=2025-06-16 |website=AS USA}}</ref> Neymar's deal with Puma was considered the highest-value individual football boot contract ever, with him earning around €25 million per year, surpassing deals held by the likes of Ronaldo and Messi.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hepburn |first=Daniel |date=2022-10-03 |title=The 11 players with the biggest boot deals in world football as Trent signs huge Adidas contract |url=https://www.givemesport.com/players-biggest-boot-deals-in-football-soccer/ |access-date=2025-06-28 |website=GiveMeSport |language=en}}</ref> In March 2011, [[Panasonic]] paid US$2.4 million to secure Neymar's services for two years. In 2012, ''France Football'' had ranked Neymar 13th in its list of the world's richest players, with total earnings of $18.8 million for the previous 12 months.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.goal.com/en/news/12/spain/2012/03/19/2978603/messi-tops-football-rich-list-ahead-of-beckham-and-cristiano | title = Messi tops football rich list ahead of Beckham and Cristiano Ronaldo | date = 19 March 2012 | access-date = 19 March 2012 | website = goal.com | url-status=live | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120321095721/http://www.goal.com/en/news/12/spain/2012/03/19/2978603/messi-tops-football-rich-list-ahead-of-beckham-and-cristiano | archive-date = 21 March 2012}}</ref> He has also signed other sponsorships from [[Volkswagen]], Tenys Pé Baruel, Lupo, [[Ambev]], [[Claro Americas|Claro]], [[Unilever]], and [[Santander Group|Santander]].<ref>{{cite news |url= http://www.sportspromedia.com/notes_and_insights/the_worlds_17th_most_marketable_athlete_-_neymar/ |title= The world's 17th most marketable athlete – Neymar |publisher= Sports Pro Media |date= 25 May 2011 |url-status=live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20111119123021/http://www.sportspromedia.com/notes_and_insights/the_worlds_17th_most_marketable_athlete_-_neymar/ |archive-date= 19 November 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://brazilianbubble.com/living-large-football-star-neymar-and-his-new-yacht/|title=Living Large: Football star Neymar and his new yacht|publisher=Brazilian Bubble|date=8 April 2012|access-date=8 April 2012|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120410191425/http://brazilianbubble.com/living-large-football-star-neymar-and-his-new-yacht/|archive-date=10 April 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://setantabetblog.com/vettel-asks-fans-to-vote-for-neymar/|title=Vettel asks fans to vote for Neymar|publisher=Setanta Blog|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150611133541/http://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/news/newsid%3D2255077.html|archive-date=11 June 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url= http://www.lancenet.com.br/santos/Claro-Neymar-fecha-contrato-publicitario_0_601739889.html |title= Com Claro, Neymar fecha nono contrato publicitário |publisher= Lance Net |date= 2 December 2011 |access-date= 2 December 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20111205034418/http://www.lancenet.com.br/santos/Claro-Neymar-fecha-contrato-publicitario_0_601739889.html |archive-date= 5 December 2011}}</ref>

In 2019, ''Forbes'' ranked Neymar the [[Forbes' list of the world's highest-paid athletes|world's third-highest-paid athlete]] (after Messi and Ronaldo) with earnings of $105 million for the year;<ref name="Forbes">{{cite news |title=Lionel Messi edges out Cristiano Ronaldo to head Forbes top 100 highest paid athletes |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/48602166?isBumped=0&postFreq=0&isEmpty=0&isProfane=0&tooLong=0&charCount=0&isAwaitingProcessPreMod=0&isSubmitted=1&filter=none&initial_page_size=10&postId=135105092 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201124023703/https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/48602166?isBumped=0&postFreq=0&isEmpty=0&isProfane=0&tooLong=0&charCount=0&isAwaitingProcessPreMod=0&isSubmitted=1&filter=none&initial_page_size=10&postId=135105092 |archive-date=24 November 2020 |access-date=12 June 2019 |agency=BBC}}</ref> he was also ranked fourth in 2020 ($95.5 million) and 2021 ($95 million), seventh in 2024 ($108 million), twelfth in 2023 ($85 million) and 25th in 2025 ($76 million).<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.forbes.com/athletes|title=2025 World's Highest Paid Athletes|website=[[Forbes]] |access-date=17 June 2025|archive-date= 1 June 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250601191927/https://www.forbes.com/lists/athletes/}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.forbes.com/athletes|title=2024 World's Highest Paid Athletes|website=[[Forbes]] |access-date=3 June 2025|archive-date=22 August 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240822100455/https://www.forbes.com/lists/athletes/}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.forbes.com/athletes|title=2021 World's Highest Paid Athletes|website=[[Forbes]] |access-date=3 June 2025|archive-date=20 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220920042030/https://www.forbes.com/athletes/|url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.forbes.com/athletes|title=2020 World's Highest Paid Athletes|website=[[Forbes]] |access-date=17 June 2025|archive-date=29 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200629182321/https://www.forbes.com/athletes |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.forbes.com/athletes|title=2023 World's Highest Paid Athletes|website=[[Forbes]] |access-date=17 June 2025|archive-date=17 July 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230717203217/https://www.forbes.com/lists/athletes/?sh=4a2df53e5b7e|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[Penske Media Corporation#Sportico|''Sportico'']] named him the fourth highest-paid athlete of 2022 and put him at sixth place in 2021, 2023 and 2024.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2025-02-13|title=Cristiano Ronaldo was the highest paid athlete in 2024 on a list which featured no women in the top 100|url=https://cnn.com/cnn/2025/02/13/sport/cristiano-ronaldo-top-100-highest-earning-athletes-spt|access-date=2025-05-01|publisher=[[CNN]]|archive-date=1 May 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250501165110/https://www.cnn.com/cnn/2025/02/13/sport/cristiano-ronaldo-top-100-highest-earning-athletes-spt|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-02-13 |title=Cristiano Ronaldo tops list of highest-paid athletes, Ben Simmons the only Australian, no women in top 100|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/rcna192011|access-date=2025-06-03 |publisher=[[NBC News]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-02-13 |title=Highest-paid athletes in the world named|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/highest-paid-athletes-cristiano-ronaldo-tyson-fury-b2697849.html|access-date=2025-06-03 |work=[[The Independent]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-02-13 |title=100 Highest-Paid Athletes in the World|url=https://www.sportico.com/feature/highest-paid-athletes-in-the-world-1234765608/|access-date=2025-05-01 |publisher=Sportico}}</ref> In 2018, ''France Football'' ranked Neymar the third-highest-paid footballer in the world, earning a total income for €81.5m ($95m) for the year.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|date=23 April 2018|title=Lionel Messi devance largement Cristiano Ronaldo au classement des joueurs les mieux payés au monde|url=https://www.francefootball.fr/news/Lionel-messi-devance-largement-cristiano-ronaldo-au-classement-des-joueurs-les-mieux-payes-au-monde/895372 |url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201120075640/https://www.francefootball.fr/news/Lionel-messi-devance-largement-cristiano-ronaldo-au-classement-des-joueurs-les-mieux-payes-au-monde/895372|archive-date=20 November 2020|access-date=14 January 2021|website=France Football}}</ref>

On 8 May 2013, Neymar was named by ''[[SportsPro]]'' magazine as the most marketable athlete in the world, ahead of Messi (2nd) and Ronaldo (8th).<ref>{{cite news| url= http://www.sportspromedia.com/most_marketable/neymar/| title= 50 Most Marketable 2013 – Neymar| publisher= [[SportsPro]]| date= 8 May 2013| url-status=live| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20130607155536/http://www.sportspromedia.com/most_marketable/neymar| archive-date= 7 June 2013}}</ref> The same month, Neymar launched the Nike Hypervenom football boot.<ref>{{cite news|date=28 May 2013|title=New Nike Hypervenom boots launched by Neymar in Rio|url=https://www.t3.com/news/new-nike-hypervenom-boots-launched-by-barca-bound-neymar-in-rio|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180807124916/https://www.t3.com/news/new-nike-hypervenom-boots-launched-by-barca-bound-neymar-in-rio|archive-date=7 August 2018|access-date=7 August 2018|website=T3}}</ref> In November 2012, advertising agency Loducca created Neymar's own personal brand logo,<ref name="brand">{{cite news |url= http://www.footballboots.co.uk/8033-njr-the-new-brand-for-neymar.html |title= NJR – New Brand Logo for Neymar |publisher= FootballBoots.co.uk |date= 28 November 2012 |access-date= 29 November 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20130209190426/http://www.footballboots.co.uk/8033-njr-the-new-brand-for-neymar.html |archive-date= 9 February 2013}}</ref> featuring the N, J, and R (Neymar Junior) with the N styled to match Neymar's shirt number 11.<ref name="brand"/> Neymar starred in a 2014 advert for [[Beats Electronics|Beats]] alongside other football stars such as Henry and Suárez, with the theme of 'The Game Before The Game' and the players pre-game ritual of listening to music.<ref>[https://www.standard.co.uk/sport/football/neymar-thierry-henry-and-luis-suarez-star-in-thrilling-new-world-cup-advert-9495497.html "Neymar, Thierry Henry and Luis Suarez star in thrilling new World Cup advert"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140609025641/http://www.standard.co.uk/sport/football/neymar-thierry-henry-and-luis-suarez-star-in-thrilling-new-world-cup-advert-9495497.html |date=9 June 2014 }}. ''London Evening Standard''. Retrieved 5 September 2014</ref> In 2018, Neymar was highly influential to PSG’s groundbreaking partnership with [[Air Jordan]]. In June 2016, he became the first footballer ever to wear Air Jordan-branded boots—a custom Air Jordan V Hypervenom—establishing an early and personal connection with Air Jordan.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-06-01 |title=Neymar will be first soccer player to wear Michael Jordan's Jumpman boot |url=https://www.nbcsports.com/soccer/news/neymar-will-be-first-soccer-player-to-wear-michael-jordans-jumpman-boot |access-date=2025-06-15 |website=NBC Sports}}</ref> That relationship set the stage for the 2018 PSG × Air Jordan launch.<ref name=":48">{{Cite web |last=McMahon |first=Bobby |title=Neymar, Mbappe, Paris Saint-Germain And Jordan Brand Align Beautifully In Ground Breaking Agreement |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/bobbymcmahon/2018/09/13/neymar-mbappe-paris-saint-germain-and-jordan-brand-align-beautifully-in-ground-breaking-agreement/ |access-date=2025-06-15 |website=Forbes}}</ref> Neymar himself described Air Jordan as "phenomenal, magic, irreverent," calling it a perfect fit for both Paris and the Champions League.<ref name=":48" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Jones |first=Dan |title=How PSG x Jordan Ushered In A New Era Of Football Culture |url=https://www.soccerbible.com/news/2021/02/how-psg-x-jordan-ushered-in-a-new-era-of-football-culture/ |access-date=2025-06-15 |website=SoccerBible}}</ref>

In the later stages of his career, Neymar has been regularly seen playing high limit [[poker]], including live streamed celebrity games from California's [[Hustler Casino]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-12-25 |title=Top Stories of 2024, #7: Neymar Astounds in Series of Epic Flips |url=https://www.pokernews.com/news/2024/12/top-stories-of-2024-neymar-keating-hustler-casino-live-47489.htm |access-date=2025-02-27 |website=www.pokernews.com }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-02-06 |title=Soccer Ace Neymar Among the PokerStars Bounty Builder Series Opening Week Entrants |url=https://www.pokernews.com/news/2025/02/top-names-win-big-in-the-pokerstars-bounty-builder-series-47892.htm |access-date=2025-02-27 |website=www.pokernews.com }}</ref> In 2025, boxer [[Conor Benn]] called out his rival boxer [[Chris Eubank Jr]]. at a pre-fight press conference, alleging Eubank Jr. owed Neymar £4 million in poker debts.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-02-26 |title=Jab to the Wallet: Boxing Champ Allegedly in £4M Poker Debt to Neymar |url=https://www.pokernews.com/news/2025/02/boxing-champ-allegedly-in-4m-poker-debt-to-neymar-48025.htm |access-date=2025-02-27 |website=www.pokernews.com }}</ref> Around May 2025, a 31 year old anonymous Brazilian billionaire from [[Porto Alegre]] left Neymar over $1 billion in his will, saying he had not wanted to give his money to the [[Government of Brazil|government]] or his estranged family. The billionaire had claimed Neymar’s relationship with his father reminded him of his own, who is deceased. He also had stated that he saw Neymar to “not be greedy”. The will was formalized on June 12, 2025.

===Media===
[[File:Neymar visiting Red Bull Arena (cropped).jpg|thumb|upright|Neymar at the [[Red Bull Arena (New Jersey)|Red Bull Arena]] in [[Harrison, New Jersey]] during a match between [[New York Red Bulls]] and [[LA Galaxy]] in 2011]]

Neymar was featured on the front covers of the video games ''[[Pro Evolution Soccer 2012]]'' and ''[[Pro Evolution Soccer 2013]]'' on the North American version, after [[Konami]] Digital Entertainment announced that he had joined Pro Evolution Soccer.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.newgamenetwork.com/news/3284/pes-2012-cover-adds-neymar-in-north-america/|title=PES 2012 cover adds Neymar in North America|publisher=new game network|date=9 September 2011|access-date=9 September 2011|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111004134415/http://www.newgamenetwork.com/news/3284/pes-2012-cover-adds-neymar-in-north-america/|archive-date=4 October 2011}}</ref> Neymar joined Ronaldo as a featured cover athlete.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.onlyproevolutions.com/2011/09/neymar-joins-ronaldo-on-pes-2012-cover.html|title=Neymar Joins Ronaldo on PES 2012 US Cover|work=only pro evolutions|date=8 September 2011|access-date=8 September 2011|last=Harvey|first=Mike|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131207211724/http://www.onlyproevolutions.com/2011/09/neymar-joins-ronaldo-on-pes-2012-cover.html|archive-date=7 December 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.givemefootball.com/premier-league/pro-evolution-soccer-release-new-demo|title=Pro Evolution Soccer release new demo|publisher=GMF|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120831064002/http://www.givemefootball.com/premier-league/pro-evolution-soccer-release-new-demo|archive-date=31 August 2012}}</ref> Neymar also features in [[EA Sports]]' [[FIFA (video game series)|''FIFA'' video game series]], with the trailer for ''[[FIFA 18]]'' showing him in his PSG home jersey.<ref>{{cite magazine|date=11 June 2018|title=How to Sign Neymar on FIFA 18 and the Earliest PSG Are Willing to Negotiate|magazine=Sports Illustrated|url=https://www.si.com/soccer/2017/09/25/video-how-sign-neymar-fifa-18-and-earliest-psg-are-willing-negotiate|url-status=live|access-date=14 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181206160559/https://www.si.com/soccer/2017/09/25/video-how-sign-neymar-fifa-18-and-earliest-psg-are-willing-negotiate|archive-date=6 December 2018}}</ref> He appeared alongside Ronaldo on the Champions and Ultimate Edition packs for ''[[FIFA 19]]'', where Neymar's "Hang Loose" [[goal celebration]] also features in the game.<ref>{{cite news|date=9 June 2018|title=FIFA 19 to include Champions League, new commentators – full details, direct from the development team|work=Four Four Two|url=https://www.fourfourtwo.com/features/fifa-19-include-champions-league-new-commentators-full-details-direct-development-team|url-status=live|access-date=13 August 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190408103207/https://www.fourfourtwo.com/features/fifa-19-include-champions-league-new-commentators-full-details-direct-development-team|archive-date=8 April 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=3 September 2018|title=UPDATED FIFA 19 new celebrations and tutorial, ft Cristiano Ronaldo, Paul Pogba and Neymar|agency=Talksport|url=https://talksport.com/football/418292/fifa-19-new-celebrations-cristiano-ronaldo-paul-pogba-neymar|url-status=live|access-date=11 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201210133956/https://talksport.com/football/418292/fifa-19-new-celebrations-cristiano-ronaldo-paul-pogba-neymar/|archive-date=10 December 2020}}</ref> Neymar also appears as a playable operator in the 2022 [[first-person shooter]] ''[[Call of Duty: Modern Warfare II (2022 video game)|Call of Duty: Modern Warfare II]]'' alongside fellow football players [[Paul Pogba]] and Messi,<ref name="PogbaNeymarMessi">{{Cite web|date=9 November 2022|title=Call of Duty®: Modern Warfare® II and Call of Duty: Warzone™ 2.0 Season 01: Everything You Need to Know, Including DMZ|url=https://www.callofduty.com/blog/2022/11/call-of-duty-modern-warfare-II-warzone-2-0-season-01-overview-battle-pass-dmz|website=Callofduty.com|access-date=11 November 2022|archive-date=11 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221111055158/https://www.callofduty.com/blog/2022/11/call-of-duty-modern-warfare-II-warzone-2-0-season-01-overview-battle-pass-dmz|url-status=live}}</ref> whose character models were released as [[downloadable content]] to coincide with the [[2022 FIFA World Cup]].<ref name="mw2neymar">{{Cite web |last=Makuch |first=Eddie |date=4 November 2022 |title=Call Of Duty: MW2, Warzone 2, And Mobile Adding Pogba, Neymar Jr., and Messi |url=https://www.gamespot.com/articles/call-of-duty-mw2-warzone-2-and-mobile-adding-pogba-neymar-jr-and-messi/1100-6508920/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221115011908/https://www.gamespot.com/articles/call-of-duty-mw2-warzone-2-and-mobile-adding-pogba-neymar-jr-and-messi/1100-6508920/ |archive-date=15 November 2022 |access-date=6 October 2023 |website=[[GameSpot]] }}</ref>

Neymar appeared on the cover of ''[[TIME (magazine)|Time]]'' magazine in February 2013, the first Brazilian athlete to do so. The issue included an article by Ghosh entitled "The Next Pelé" and subtitled "How the career of Brazilian football star Neymar explains his country's economy".<ref>{{cite news |url=http://sports.terra.com/soccer/neymar-featured-on-cover-of-time-magazine,98333ee00defc310VgnVCM20000099cceb0aRCRD.html |title=Neymar featured on cover of Time Magazine |work=Terra Sports |date=21 February 2013 |access-date=18 May 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140522141422/http://sports.terra.com/soccer/neymar-featured-on-cover-of-time-magazine%2C98333ee00defc310VgnVCM20000099cceb0aRCRD.html |archive-date=22 May 2014 }}</ref>

Controversy erupted because of a cover by Brazilian football magazine ''[[Placar]]'' that depicted Neymar on a cross. The title read "A Crucificação de Neymar" (the Crucifixion of Neymar) and subtitled: "the Brazilian ace turns scapegoat in a sport where everyone plays dirty".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.caughtoffside.com/2012/10/01/image-brazil-prodigy-neymar-depicted-as-christ-on-the-cross-for-football-magazine/ |author=Dan Kilpatrick |title=Brazil Prodigy Neymar Depicted As Christ on the Cross For Football Magazine |publisher=CaughtOffside.com |date=1 October 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131206095524/http://www.caughtoffside.com/2012/10/01/image-brazil-prodigy-neymar-depicted-as-christ-on-the-cross-for-football-magazine/ |archive-date=6 December 2013 |access-date=8 July 2013 }}</ref>

In April 2013, Brazilian cartoonist [[Mauricio de Sousa]] released a ''[[Monica's Gang]]'' comic book featuring a younger version of Neymar (called ''Neymar Jr.'') as the main character.<ref>{{cite news| url= http://www.3news.co.nz/VIDEO-Brazlils-Neymar-becomes-comic-book-character/tabid/415/articleID/294882/Default.aspx| work= 3 News NZ| title= Neymar now a comic book character| date= 19 April 2013| url-status= dead| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20131206142058/http://www.3news.co.nz/VIDEO-Brazlils-Neymar-becomes-comic-book-character/tabid/415/articleID/294882/Default.aspx| archive-date= 6 December 2013| access-date= 19 April 2013}}</ref>

In May 2013, ''SportsPro'' magazine named Neymar as the most marketable athlete on the planet for the second consecutive year. He topped the list ahead of Lionel Messi, [[Rory McIlroy]], [[Usain Bolt]] and Ronaldo, among other sportspeople.<ref name="SportsPro">{{cite web |url=http://www.sportspromedia.com/most_marketable/neymar |title=Neymar tops list of most marketable athletes in the world |work=SportsPro Media |date=8 May 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130607155536/http://www.sportspromedia.com/most_marketable/neymar |archive-date=7 June 2013 }}</ref> The list measures the monetary value, the age, the force in domestic markets, the charisma and their market potential in the next three years.<ref name="SportsPro"/> In March 2015, Neymar had the fourth highest social media rank in the world among sportspeople, behind Ronaldo, Messi and David Beckham, with 52 million Facebook fans.<ref>{{cite news|title=Cristiano Ronaldo overtakes Shakira as Facebook's most 'liked' person|url=https://uk.news.yahoo.com/cristiano-ronaldo-overtakes-shakira-as-facebook-s-most--liked-person-085815659-soccer.html?pt=1/|publisher=Yahoo.com|date=10 February 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170211075400/https://uk.news.yahoo.com/cristiano-ronaldo-overtakes-shakira-as-facebook-s-most--liked-person-085815659-soccer.html?pt=1%2F|archive-date=11 February 2017}}</ref><ref>[https://pt-br.facebook.com/neymarjr?rf=109286749090310 "Neymar Jr. – Atleta"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160122231535/https://pt-br.facebook.com/neymarjr?rf=109286749090310 |date=22 January 2016 }}. Facebook. Retrieved 8 October 2014</ref> He has [[List of most-followed Instagram accounts|over 200 million Instagram followers]], the third highest for a sportsperson (after Ronaldo and Messi), and inside the top 20 most followed people.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://socialblade.com/instagram/top/100/followers|title=Top 100 Instagram Users by Followers- Socialblade Instagram Stats – Instagram Statistics|work=Socialblade|access-date=3 October 2017}}</ref> In ESPN's list of active sportspeople in 2016, Neymar was ranked the fourth most famous athlete in the world.<ref name="ESPN 100">{{cite news|title=ESPN World Fame 100|url=https://www.espn.com/espn/feature/story/_/id/15685581/espn-world-fame-100|work=ESPN|date=3 June 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160713040749/http://espn.go.com/espn/feature/story/_/id/15685581/espn-world-fame-100|archive-date=13 July 2016}}</ref> In April 2017, Neymar was included in the [[Time 100]], ''Time'' magazine's list of the most influential people in the world.<ref name=":0">{{cite web |url=http://nesn.com/2017/04/neymar-included-on-times-100-most-influential-people-david-beckham-explains-why/ |title=Neymar Belongs on Time's '100 Most Influential People'; David Beckham Explains Why |date=20 April 2017 |work=NESN |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170421020228/http://nesn.com/2017/04/neymar-included-on-times-100-most-influential-people-david-beckham-explains-why/ |archive-date=21 April 2017 }}</ref> In 2019, ESPN again ranked him the world's fourth most famous athlete.<ref>{{cite news|title=World Fame 100 – 2019|work=ESPN|url=https://www.espn.com/espn/feature/story/_/id/26113613/espn-world-fame-100-2019|url-status=live|access-date=14 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210104113759/http://www.espn.com/espn/feature/story/_/id/26113613/espn-world-fame-100-2019|archive-date=4 January 2021}}</ref>

To mark the [[2014 FIFA World Cup|World Cup]] commencing in Brazil, in June 2014, Neymar appeared with supermodel [[Gisele Bündchen]] on the front cover of [[Vogue (magazine)|''Vogue'']]'s Brazilian edition.<ref>{{cite news|date=7 December 2017|title=Neymar And Gisele Bündchen Are The 'Dream Team' For Vogue Brazil|work=Huffington Post|url=https://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/entry/neymar-gisele-bundchen_n_5406336|url-status=live|access-date=22 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210115153730/https://consent.yahoo.com/v2/collectConsent?sessionId=2_cc-session_4a3f4092-2080-42bb-93e1-39e25d2ccec1|archive-date=15 January 2021}}</ref> In November 2014, Neymar appeared in FIFA's "11 against [[Ebola virus disease|Ebola]]" campaign with a selection of top football players from around the world, including Ronaldo, [[Gareth Bale]], Xavi and [[Didier Drogba]].<ref name="Ebola">[https://www.fifa.com/aboutfifa/footballdevelopment/medical/media/news/newsid=2475755/ "Top players, FIFA, CAF and health experts unite against Ebola"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150330054259/http://www.fifa.com/aboutfifa/footballdevelopment/medical/media/news/newsid%3D2475755/ |date=30 March 2015 }}. FIFA. Retrieved 4 March 2015</ref> Under the slogan "Together, we can beat Ebola", FIFA's campaign was done in conjunction with the [[Confederation of African Football]] and health experts, with the players holding up eleven messages to raise awareness of the disease and ways to combat it.<ref name="Ebola"/><ref>[http://www.fcbarcelona.com/football/first-team/detail/article/neymar-pique-and-xavi-in-fifa-campaign-against-ebola "Neymar, Piqué and Xavi in FIFA campaign against Ebola"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150316194609/http://www.fcbarcelona.com/football/first-team/detail/article/neymar-pique-and-xavi-in-fifa-campaign-against-ebola |date=16 March 2015 }}. FC Barcelona. Retrieved 4 March 2015</ref>

In collaboration with [[DAZN]], in 2019 Neymar appeared in ''The Making Of'' series, documentaries which relives the significant games that helped define football's greatest modern icons, with Neymar recounting his performance for Santos against Flamengo in 2011 when he scored that year's [[FIFA Puskás Award]] for Goal of the Year,<ref>{{cite web| url=https://media.dazn.com/en/press-releases/2019/08/dazn-announces-the-making-of-series-featuring-ronaldo-neymar-jr-and-mourinho/| title=DAZN announces making of series| website=www.DAZN.com| date=August 2019| access-date=12 October 2021| archive-date=25 October 2021| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211025160540/https://media.dazn.com/en/press-releases/2019/08/dazn-announces-the-making-of-series-featuring-ronaldo-neymar-jr-and-mourinho/| url-status=dead}}</ref> and also the film ''Neymar and the Line of King'' which covers Neymar's journey in becoming one of Brazil's top players.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.broadcastnow.co.uk/broadcasting/dazn-to-premiere-neymar-jr-and-the-line-of-kings/5164101.article| website=Broadcastnow.co.uk |title=DAZN to premiere Neymar Jr And The Line Of Kings| access-date=8 October 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url=https://www.commongood.studio/neymar |title=Neymar Jr. and the Line of Kings| website=commongood.studio| access-date=12 October 2021}}</ref>

In December 2021, he signed a deal with Facebook Gaming.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Spangler|first=Todd|date=16 December 2021|title=Soccer Star Neymar Jr. Inks Exclusive Facebook Gaming Streaming Deal|url=https://variety.com/2021/digital/news/neymar-facebook-gaming-exclusive-streaming-1235134489/|access-date=17 December 2021|website=Variety}}</ref> He was also the subject of a 2022 [[Netflix]] [[Documentary film|documentary series]] titled ''[[Neymar: The Perfect Chaos]]''.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Netflix, Uninterrupted prep Neymar docuseries "The Perfect Chaos"|url=https://realscreen.com/2021/12/14/netflix-uninterrupted-prep-neymar-docuseries-the-perfect-chaos/ |first1=Justin |last1=Anderson |work=[[RealScreen]]|date=14 December 2021|access-date=13 November 2022}}</ref>

In June 2024, Neymar Jr. was appointed brand ambassador for Blaze's exclusive "crash" online gaming product, promoting the sports betting platform's new multiplier‐based wager.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Vinicius |first1=Luiz |title=Blaze launches exclusive game with Neymar, brand ambassador |url=https://igamingbrazil.com/en/blaze-en/2024/06/12/blaze-launches-exclusive-game-with-neymar-brand-ambassador |website=iGaming Brazil |access-date=9 July 2025 |language=pt-BR |date=12 June 2024}}</ref>

===Political views===
In the days leading up to the [[2022 Brazilian presidential election]], Neymar appeared in a [[TikTok]] video where he lip-synced a campaign jingle promoting the country's [[Right-wing politics|right-wing]] and [[Social conservatism|socially conservative]] [[President of Brazil|President]] [[Jair Bolsonaro]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://globalsportmatters.com/culture/2022/11/17/brazil-national-football-team-symbol-disastrous-presidency-jair-bolsonaro-neymar/ | title=How the Brazil National Football Team Came to Symbolize Jair Bolsonaro | date=17 November 2022 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2022/sep/30/brazil-neymar-bolsonaro-support-election | title=Brazil football star Neymar backs far-right Bolsonaro days before election | newspaper=The Guardian | date=30 September 2022 | last1=Downie | first1=Andrew }}</ref> He received heavy criticism for his endorsement.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.cnn.com/2022/09/30/football/neymar-jair-bolsonaro-brazil-elections-football-spt-intl/index.html | title=Brazilian soccer star Neymar Jr. Faces criticism for Bolsonaro support | website=[[CNN]] | date=30 September 2022 }}</ref> Bolsonaro was defeated in the election by [[Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva]].

===Music===
Neymar has become an icon in promoting Brazilian modern pop music, particularly [[Música sertaneja]]. The video in which Neymar dances in the [[Santos FC|Santos]] [[locker room]] in front of teammates carrying his recorder making the round of the players and making them react to the tune of [[Michel Teló]]'s hit "[[Ai se eu te pego!]]" went [[viral video|viral]]. He made a point of performing his dance antics to the song after scoring goals in football games and appeared live with Teló in one of the latter's concerts. He also supported sertanejo singer [[Gusttavo Lima]] performing live with Lima on renditions of the singer's hits "[[Balada (song)|Balada]]" and "Fazer Beber". In 2012, he made cameo appearances in the [[music video]] for yet another sertanejo hit "[[Eu Quero Tchu, Eu Quero Tcha]]" by [[João Lucas & Marcelo]]. In 2013, Neymar appeared on a rap music video, "País do Futebol" by [[MC Guimê]].<ref>[http://www.foxsports.com.br/noticias/139820-parca-de-neymar-mc-guime-explica-sucesso-de-pais-do-futebol "'Parça' de Neymar, MC Guimê explica sucesso de 'País do Futebol'"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924015338/http://www.foxsports.com.br/noticias/139820-parca-de-neymar-mc-guime-explica-sucesso-de-pais-do-futebol |date=24 September 2015 }}. Fox Sports. Retrieved 22 May 2014</ref>

===Television and films===

{| class="wikitable sortable"
! scope="col" | Year
! scope="col" | Title
! scope="col" | Role
! scope="col" | Note(s)
! scope="col" | Type
|-
| 2010
| ''[[Malhação]]''
| Himself
| [[TV Globo]]
| TV
|-
| 2012
| ''[[(fdp)]]''
| Encanador
| —
| TV series (TV)
|-
| 2013
| ''[[Carrossel]]''
| Himself
| [[Sistema Brasileiro de Televisão|SBT]]
| TV
|-
| 2017
| ''Os Parças''
| Himself
| —
| Full-length film (FL)
|-
| 2017
| ''[[XXX: Return of Xander Cage]]''
| Himself
| —
| FL
|-
| 2019
| ''[[Money Heist]]''
| Monje Joao
| —
| TV
|-
| 2019
| ''The Making of''
| Himself
| DAZN presents
| TV
|-
| 2021
| ''Neymar Jr. and the line of kings''
| Himself
| DAZN presents
| TV
|-
|2022
|''[[Neymar: The Perfect Chaos]]''
|Himself
|Netflix
|Docuseries
|}

==Career statistics==
===Club===
{{updated|match played 18 March 2026}}<ref>{{Soccerway|neymar-da-silva-santos-junior/102697|access-date=12 February 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espn.com/football/player/_/id/132948/Neymar|title=Neymar Stats, News, Bio|work=ESPN|access-date=3 December 2013|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131022213548/http://espnfc.com/player/_/id/132948/neymar?cc=3888|archive-date=22 October 2013}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable nowrap" style="text-align:center"
|+ Appearances and goals by club, season and competition
!rowspan="2"|Club
!rowspan="2"|Season
!colspan="3"|League
!colspan="2"|State league{{efn|Includes [[Campeonato Paulista]]}}
!colspan="2"|National cup{{efn|Includes [[Copa do Brasil]], [[Copa del Rey]], [[Coupe de France]]}}
!colspan="2"|League cup{{efn|Includes [[Coupe de la Ligue]]}}
!colspan="2"|Continental
!colspan="2"|Other
!colspan="2"|Total
|-
!Division!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals
|-
|rowspan="6"|[[Santos FC|Santos]]
|[[2009 Santos FC season|2009]]
|[[Campeonato Brasileiro Série A|Série A]]
|33||10||12||3||3||1||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||48||14
|-
|[[2010 Santos FC season|2010]]
|Série A
|31||17||19||14||8||11||colspan="2"|—||2{{efn|Appearances in [[Copa Sudamericana]]}}||0||colspan="2"|—||60||42
|-
|[[2011 Santos FC season|2011]]
|Série A
|21||13||11||4||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||13{{efn|name=COL|Appearances in [[Copa Libertadores]]}}||6||2{{efn|name=FCWC|Appearances in [[FIFA Club World Cup]]}}||1||47||24
|-
|[[2012 Santos FC season|2012]]
|Série A
|17||14||16||20||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||12{{efn|name=COL}}||8||2{{efn|Appearances in [[Recopa Sudamericana]]}}||1||47||43
|-
|[[2013 Santos FC season|2013]]
|Série A
|1||0||18||12||4||1||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||23||13
|-
!colspan="2"|Total
!103!!54!!76!!53!!15!!13!!colspan="2"|—!!27!!14!!4!!2!!225!!136
|-
|rowspan="5"|[[FC Barcelona|Barcelona]]
|[[2013–14 FC Barcelona season|2013–14]]
|[[La Liga]]
|26||9||colspan="2"|—||3||1||colspan="2"|—||10{{efn|name=UCL|Appearances in [[UEFA Champions League]]}}||4||2{{efn|Appearances in [[Supercopa de España]]}}||1||41||15
|-
|[[2014–15 FC Barcelona season|2014–15]]
|La Liga
|33||22||colspan="2"|—||6||7||colspan="2"|—||12{{efn|name=UCL}}||10||colspan="2"|—||51||39
|-
|[[2015–16 FC Barcelona season|2015–16]]
|La Liga
|34||24||colspan="2"|—||5||4||colspan="2"|—||9{{efn|name=UCL}}||3||1{{efn|name=FCWC}}||0||49||31
|-
|[[2016–17 FC Barcelona season|2016–17]]
|La Liga
|30||13||colspan="2"|—||6||3||colspan="2"|—||9{{efn|name=UCL}}||4||0||0||45||20
|-
!colspan="2"|Total
!123!!68!!colspan="2"|—!!20!!15!!colspan="2"|—!!40!!21!!3!!1!!186!!105
|-
|rowspan="7"|[[Paris Saint-Germain F.C.|Paris Saint-Germain]]
|[[2017–18 Paris Saint-Germain F.C. season|2017–18]]
|[[Ligue 1]]
|20||19||colspan="2"|—||1||2||2||1||7{{efn|name=UCL}}||6||colspan="2"|—||30||28
|-
|[[2018–19 Paris Saint-Germain F.C. season|2018–19]]
|Ligue 1
|17||15||colspan="2"|—||3||2||1||1||6{{efn|name=UCL}}||5||1{{efn|name=TDC|Appearance in [[Trophée des Champions]]}}||0||28||23
|-
|[[2019–20 Paris Saint-Germain F.C. season|2019–20]]
|Ligue 1
|15||13||colspan="2"|—||2||2||3||1||7{{efn|name=UCL}}||3||0||0||27||19
|-
|[[2020–21 Paris Saint-Germain F.C. season|2020–21]]
|Ligue 1
|18||9||colspan="2"|—||3||1||colspan="2"|—||9{{efn|name=UCL}}||6||1{{efn|name=TDC}}||1||31||17
|-
|[[2021–22 Paris Saint-Germain F.C. season|2021–22]]
|Ligue 1
|22||13||colspan="2"|—||0||0||colspan="2"|—||6{{efn|name=UCL}}||0||0||0||28||13
|-
|[[2022–23 Paris Saint-Germain F.C. season|2022–23]]
|Ligue 1
|20||13||colspan="2"|—||2||1||colspan="2"|—||6{{efn|name=UCL}}||2||1{{efn|name=TDC}}||2||29||18
|-
!colspan="2"|Total
!112!!82!!colspan="2"|—!!11!!8!!6!!3!!41!!22!!3!!3!!173!!118
|-
|rowspan="3"|[[Al Hilal SFC|Al-Hilal]]
|[[2023–24 Al Hilal SFC season|2023–24]]
|[[Saudi Pro League]]
|3||0||colspan="2"|—||0||0||colspan="2"|—||2{{efn|name=ACL|Appearances in [[AFC Champions League Elite|AFC Champions League]]}}||1||0||0||5||1
|-
|[[2024–25 Al Hilal SFC season|2024–25]]
|Saudi Pro League
|0||0||colspan="2"|—||0||0||colspan="2"|—||2{{efn|name=ACL}}||0||0||0||2||0
|-
!colspan="2"|Total
!3!!0!!colspan="2"|—!!0!!0!!colspan="2"|—!!4!!1!!0!!0!!7!!1
|-
|rowspan="3"|Santos
|[[2025 Santos FC season|2025]]
|Série A
|20||8||7||3||1||0||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||28||11
|-
|[[2026 Santos FC season|2026]]
|Série A
|3||3||2||0||0||0||colspan="2"|—||0||0||colspan="2"|—||5||3
|-
!colspan="2"|Total
!23!!11!!9!!3!!1!!0!!colspan="2"|—!!0!!0!!colspan="2"|—!!33!!14
|-
!colspan="3"|Career total
!364!!215!!85!!57!!47!!36!!6!!3!!112!!58!!10!!6!!624!!374
|}
{{notelist}}

===International===
{{see also|List of international goals scored by Neymar}}

{{updated|match played 17 October 2023}}<ref name="IntStatistics2">{{cite web | url = http://www.national-football-teams.com/player/39625/Neymar.html | title = Neymar | website = National Football Teams | access-date = 26 March 2015 | url-status=live | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20141021141052/http://www.national-football-teams.com/player/39625/Neymar.html | archive-date = 21 October 2014}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|+ Appearances and goals by national team, year and competition
! rowspan="2" |National team!! rowspan="2" |Year!! colspan="2" |Competitive!! colspan="2" |Friendly!! colspan="2" |Total
|-
!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals
|-
|rowspan="14"|[[Brazil national football team|Brazil]]
|2010||0||0||2||1||2||1
|-
|2011||4<ref group="lower-alpha">Appearances in [[2011 Copa América]]</ref>||2||9||5||13||7
|-
|2012||0||0||12||9||12||9
|-
|2013||5<ref group="lower-alpha">Appearances in [[2013 FIFA Confederations Cup]]</ref>||4||14||6||19||10
|-
|2014||5<ref group="lower-alpha">Appearances in [[2014 FIFA World Cup]]</ref>||4||9||11||14||15
|-
|2015||4<ref group="lower-alpha">Two appearances and one goal in [[2015 Copa América]], two appearances in [[2018 FIFA World Cup qualification (CONMEBOL)|2018 FIFA World Cup qualification]]</ref>||1||5||3||9||4
|-
|2016||6<ref name="WCQ2018" group="lower-alpha">Appearance(s) in [[2018 FIFA World Cup qualification (CONMEBOL)|2018 FIFA World Cup qualification]]</ref>||4||0||0||6||4
|-
|2017||6<ref name="WCQ2018" group="lower-alpha" />||2||2||1||8||3
|-
|2018||5<ref group="lower-alpha">Appearances in [[2018 FIFA World Cup]]</ref>||2||8||5||13||7
|-
|2019||0||0||5||1||5||1
|-
|2020||2<ref name="WCQ2022" group="lower-alpha">Appearances in [[2022 FIFA World Cup qualification (CONMEBOL)|2022 FIFA World Cup qualification]]</ref>||3||0||0||2||3
|-
|2021||13<ref group="lower-alpha">Six appearances and two goals in [[2021 Copa América]], seven appearances and three goals in [[2022 FIFA World Cup qualification (CONMEBOL)|2022 FIFA World Cup qualification]]</ref>||6||0||0||13||6
|-
|2022||4<ref group="lower-alpha">One appearance and one goal in [[2022 FIFA World Cup qualification (CONMEBOL)|2022 FIFA World Cup qualification]], three appearances and two goals in [[2022 FIFA World Cup]]</ref>||3||4||4||8||7
|-
|2023||4<ref group="lower-alpha">Appearances in [[2026 FIFA World Cup qualification (CONMEBOL)|2026 FIFA World Cup qualification]]</ref>||2||0||0||4||2
|-
!colspan="2"|Total
!58!!33!!70!!46!!128!!79
|}
{{notelist}}

==Honours==
'''Santos'''<ref name="achievements">{{cite web |title=Neymar |url=https://www.fcbarcelona.com/football/first-team/staff/players/2016-2017/neymar-jr |publisher=FC Barcelona |access-date=11 August 2017 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170812023551/https://www.fcbarcelona.com/football/first-team/staff/players/2016-2017/neymar-jr |archive-date=12 August 2017 }}</ref>
* [[Copa do Brasil]]: [[2010 Copa do Brasil|2010]]
* [[Copa Libertadores]]: [[2011 Copa Libertadores|2011]]
* [[Recopa Sudamericana]]: [[2012 Recopa Sudamericana|2012]]
* [[Campeonato Paulista]]: [[2010 Campeonato Paulista|2010]], [[2011 Campeonato Paulista|2011]], [[2012 Campeonato Paulista|2012]] runner-up: [[2009 Campeonato Paulista|2009]], [[2013 Campeonato Paulista|2013]]
* [[FIFA Club World Cup]] runner-up: [[2011 FIFA Club World Cup|2011]]

'''Barcelona'''<ref name="achievements"/>

* [[La Liga]]: [[2014–15 La Liga|2014–15]], [[2015–16 La Liga|2015–16]]
* [[Copa del Rey]]: [[2014–15 Copa del Rey|2014–15]], [[2015–16 Copa del Rey|2015–16]], [[2016–17 Copa del Rey|2016–17]] runner-up: [[2013–14 Copa del Rey|2013–14]]
* [[Supercopa de España]]: [[2013 Supercopa de España|2013]]
* [[UEFA Champions League]]: [[2014–15 UEFA Champions League|2014–15]]
* FIFA Club World Cup: [[2015 FIFA Club World Cup|2015]]

'''Paris Saint-Germain'''
* [[Ligue 1]]: [[2017–18 Ligue 1|2017–18]], [[2018–19 Ligue 1|2018–19]], [[2019–20 Ligue 1|2019–20]], [[2021–22 Ligue 1|2021–22]], [[2022–23 Ligue 1|2022–23]]
* [[Coupe de France]]: [[2017–18 Coupe de France|2017–18]], [[2019–20 Coupe de France|2019–20]], [[2020–21 Coupe de France|2020–21]] runner-up: [[2018–19 Coupe de France|2018–19]]
* [[Coupe de la Ligue]]: [[2017–18 Coupe de la Ligue|2017–18]], [[2019–20 Coupe de la Ligue|2019–20]]
* [[Trophée des Champions]]: [[2018 Trophée des Champions|2018]], [[2020 Trophée des Champions|2020]], [[2022 Trophée des Champions|2022]]
* UEFA Champions League runner-up: [[2019–20 UEFA Champions League|2019–20]]

'''Al-Hilal'''
* [[Saudi Pro League]]: [[2023–24 Saudi Pro League|2023–24]]<ref name=":56">{{cite news |date=5 May 2024 |title="I Couldn't Give Them Much" – Injured Neymar Hints About Future With Al Hilal Following Saudi Pro League Triumph |url=https://www.essentiallysports.com/soccer-football-news-i-couldnt-give-them-much-injured-neymar-hints-about-future-with-al-hilal-following-saudi-pro-league-triumph/ |access-date=14 May 2024 |website=Essentially Sports}}</ref>

'''Brazil U20'''<ref name="achievements" />
* [[South American U-20 Championship]]: [[2011 South American U-20 Championship|2011]]

'''Brazil U23'''
* [[Football at the Summer Olympics|Summer Olympics]] [[Olympic gold medal|gold medal]]: [[Football at the 2016 Summer Olympics – Men's tournament|2016]]
*[[Football at the Summer Olympics|Summer Olympics silver medal]]: [[Football at the 2012 Summer Olympics – Men's tournament|2012]]<ref>{{cite news |last=Irvin |first=Duncan |date=11 August 2012 |title=Mexico Wins Soccer Gold Medal, 2-1 |url=http://london2012.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/08/11/live-coverage-of-mexico-brazil-soccer-final/ |access-date=15 April 2025 |newspaper=[[New York Times]]}}</ref>

'''Brazil'''
* [[FIFA Confederations Cup]]: [[2013 FIFA Confederations Cup|2013]]<ref name="Brazil 3–0 Spain"/>
* [[Copa América]] runner-up: [[2021 Copa América|2021]]

'''Individual'''[[File:Neymargoldenball.jpg|thumb|right|upright|Neymar with the Golden Ball award for best player at the [[2013 FIFA Confederations Cup|2013 Confederations Cup]]]]

'''Awards'''
* [[FIFA Puskás Award]]: [[FIFA Puskás Award#2011|2011]]
* [[FIFPRO#FIFA FIFPRO Men's World 11|FIFA FIFPRO World 11]]: [[2015 FIFA Ballon d'Or|2015]],<ref>{{Cite web |date=11 January 2016 |title=2015 FIFA FIFPro World XI revealed |url=https://www.fifa.com/the-best-fifa-football-awards/news/2015-fifa-fifpro-world-xi-revealed-2754606 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190926045700/https://www.fifa.com/the-best-fifa-football-awards/news/2015-fifa-fifpro-world-xi-revealed-2754606 |archive-date=26 September 2019 |access-date=15 January 2021 |website=FIFA.com}}</ref> [[The Best FIFA Football Awards 2017#FIFA FIFPro World11|2017]]<ref>{{cite web |date=24 October 2017 |title=HISTORY - THE FIFA FIFPRO WORLD 11 OF 2017 |url=https://www.fifpro.org/en/industry/world-11/history-the-fifa-fifpro-world-11-of-2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201207161004/https://fifpro.org/en/industry/world-11/history-the-fifa-fifpro-world-11-of-2017 |archive-date=7 December 2020 |access-date=15 January 2021 |website=FIFPRO}}</ref>
* [[International Federation of Football History & Statistics#IFFHS Men's World Team|IFFHS Men's World Team]]: 2017<ref>{{cite web |date=12 December 2017 |title=THE IFFHS MEN WORLD TEAM 2017 |url=https://www.iffhs.com/index.php/posts/480 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210115130546/https://www.iffhs.com/index.php/posts/480 |archive-date=15 January 2021 |access-date=15 January 2021 |publisher=IFFHS}}</ref>
* [[European Sports Magazines#ESM Team of the Year|ESM Team of the Year]]: [[European Sports Magazines#2017–18|2017–18]]<ref name="AZ2018" />
* [[UEFA Club Football Awards#Best Forward|UEFA Forward of the Season]] 3rd place: [[2019–20 UEFA Champions League#Forward of the season|2019–20]]
* [[List of UEFA Champions League top scorers|UEFA Champions League top scorer]]: [[2014–15 UEFA Champions League#Top goalscorers|2014–15]] (tied with [[Cristiano Ronaldo]] and [[Lionel Messi]])
* UEFA Champions League top assist provider: [[2015–16 UEFA Champions League#Top assists|2015–16]], [[2016–17 UEFA Champions League#Top assists|2016–17]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Champions League 2016/2017 " Assists |url=http://www.worldfootball.net/assists/champions-league-2016-2017/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200805142321/https://www.worldfootball.net/assists/champions-league-2016-2017/ |archive-date=5 August 2020 |access-date=25 October 2017 |publisher=WorldFootball}}</ref>
* [[UEFA Team of the Year]]: [[UEFA Team of the Year#Team of the Year 2015|2015]],<ref>{{cite news |date=8 January 2016 |title=Team of the Year 2015 |url=https://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/news/0253-0d809ae6dd3b-3da0ae473003-1000--uefa-com-users-team-of-the-year-2015/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200616091057/https://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/news/0253-0d809ae6dd3b-3da0ae473003-1000--uefa-com-users-team-of-the-year-2015/?autoplay=true&referrer=%2fuefachampionsleague%2fnews%2fnewsid%3d2322451 |archive-date=16 June 2020 |access-date=8 January 2016 |publisher=UEFA}}</ref> [[UEFA Team of the Year#Team of the Year 2020|2020]]<ref>{{cite news |date=20 January 2021 |title=UEFA.com fans' Team of the Year 2020 revealed |url=https://www.uefa.com/news-media/news/0265-1160a803540f-283794ce2b95-1000--uefa-com-fans-teams-of-the-year-2020-announced/ |access-date=20 January 2021 |publisher=UEFA}}</ref>
* UEFA Champions League Squad of the Season: [[2014–15 UEFA Champions League#Squad of the season|2014–15]],<ref>{{cite news |date=9 June 2015 |title=UEFA Champions League squad of the season |url=https://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/news/0253-0d802a501f23-68765bf409b3-1000--uefa-champions-league-squad-of-the-season/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150611133541/http://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/news/newsid%3D2255077.html#uefa+champions+league+squad+season |archive-date=11 June 2015 |access-date=9 June 2015 |publisher=UEFA}}</ref> [[2019–20 UEFA Champions League#Squad of the season|2019–20]],<ref>{{cite news |date=28 August 2020 |title=UEFA Champions League Squad of the Season |url=https://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/news/0260-103d6b6179e6-7a1932c7a58c-1000--uefa-champions-league-squad-of-the-season |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201114125542/https://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/news/0260-103d6b6179e6-7a1932c7a58c-1000--uefa-champions-league-squad-of-the-season/ |archive-date=14 November 2020 |access-date=28 August 2020 |publisher=UEFA}}</ref> [[2020–21 UEFA Champions League#Squad of the season|2020–21]]<ref>{{cite news |date=31 May 2021 |title=UEFA Champions League Squad of the Season |url=https://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/news/0269-12688c451cdd-b6efcb4ce948-1000--champions-league-all-star-squad/ |access-date=1 June 2021 |publisher=UEFA}}</ref>
* [[FIFA Club World Cup]] [[FIFA Club World Cup awards#Golden Ball|Bronze Ball]]: [[2011 FIFA Club World Cup#Awards|2011]]
* FIFA Club World Cup top assist provider: [[2015 FIFA Club World Cup|2015]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Club World Cup 2015 » Assists |url=https://www.worldfootball.net/assists/klub-wm-2015/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210115131840/https://www.worldfootball.net/assists/klub-wm-2015/ |archive-date=15 January 2021 |access-date=15 January 2021 |website=World Football}}</ref>
* [[FIFA World Cup Bronze Boot]]: [[2014 FIFA World Cup awards#Golden Boot|2014]]
* [[FIFA World Cup Dream Team]]: [[2014 FIFA World Cup awards#Dream Team|2014]]
* [[FIFA Confederations Cup records and statistics#Awards|FIFA Confederations Cup Golden Ball]]: [[2013 FIFA Confederations Cup#Awards|2013]]
* FIFA Confederations Cup Bronze Shoe: 2013
* FIFA Confederations Cup Dream Team: 2013
* [[2021 Copa América#Awards|Copa América Best Player]]: 2021(joint with Messi)
* [[2021 Copa América#Team of the Tournament|Copa América Team of the Tournament]]: [[2021 Copa América#Team of the Tournament|2021]]<ref>{{cite news |date=13 July 2021 |title=Uno por uno, el equipo ideal de la CONMEBOL Copa América 2021 elegido por el GET |url=https://copaamerica.com/es/noticias/equipo-ideal-get-conmebol-copa-america-2021/ |access-date=13 July 2021 |website=Copa América |language=es}}</ref>
* [[Union Nationale des Footballeurs Professionnels|UNFP]] Ligue 1 [[Ligue 1 Player of the Year|Player of the Year]]: 2017–18<ref>{{cite news |title=Trophées UNFP : Neymar, Mbappé... Découvrez le palmarès 2018 |url=http://www.rtl.fr/sport/football/trophees-unfp-neymar-mbappe-decouvrez-le-palmares-2018-7793373391 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210106095424/https://www.rtl.fr/sport/football/trophees-unfp-neymar-mbappe-decouvrez-le-palmares-2018-7793373391 |archive-date=6 January 2021 |access-date=14 May 2018 |publisher=RTL}}</ref>
* Ligue 1 top assist provider: 2017–18<ref name=":39" />
* UNFP Ligue 1 [[Trophées UNFP du football#Team of the Year|Team of the Year]]: [[Trophées UNFP du football#2018|2017–18]],<ref name=":6">{{cite news |title=Trophées UNFP : Neymar élu joueur de Ligue 1, Le PSG rafle tout ou presque |url=http://sport24.lefigaro.fr/football/ligue-1/actualites/la-ceremonie-des-trophees-unfp-en-direct-908921 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201213021701/https://sport24.lefigaro.fr/football/ligue-1/actualites/la-ceremonie-des-trophees-unfp-en-direct-908921 |archive-date=13 December 2020 |access-date=13 May 2018}}</ref> [[Trophées UNFP du football#2019|2018–19]],<ref name=":7">{{cite web |date=19 May 2019 |title=Mbappé Wins Awards Double |url=https://www.ligue1.com/ligue1/article/mbappe-wins-awards-double.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190525011547/https://www.ligue1.com/ligue1/article/mbappe-wins-awards-double.htm |archive-date=25 May 2019 |access-date=19 May 2019 |website=www.ligue1.com}}</ref> [[Trophées UNFP du football#2021|2020–21]]<ref name=":16">{{cite news |date=24 May 2021 |title=Trophées UNFP : cinq Parisiens, deux Lillois et deux Lyonnais dans l'équipe type |trans-title=Trophées UNFP : five Parisiens, two Lillois and two Lyonnais in the typical team |url=https://sport24.lefigaro.fr/football/ligue-1/fil-info/trophees-unfp-cinq-parisiens-deux-lillois-et-deux-lyonnais-dans-l-equipe-type-1045019 |access-date=24 May 2021 |website=Le Figaro |language=fr}}</ref>
* [[La Liga Best World Player|La Liga Best American Player]]: [[2014–15 La Liga|2014–15]]<ref>{{cite journal |date=30 November 2015 |title=Messi beats Ronaldo to top prize at La Liga awards |url=http://www.fourfourtwo.com/news/messi-beats-ronaldo-top-prize-la-liga-awards |journal=Four Four Two |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190401183940/https://www.fourfourtwo.com/news/messi-beats-ronaldo-top-prize-la-liga-awards |archive-date=1 April 2019 |access-date=8 March 2016}}</ref>
* Copa del Rey top scorer: [[2014–15 Copa del Rey|2014–15]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Copa del Rey Top Scorer: 2014–15 |url=http://www.worldfootball.net/goalgetter/esp-copa-del-rey-2014-2015/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201126190602/https://www.worldfootball.net/goalgetter/esp-copa-del-rey-2014-2015/ |archive-date=26 November 2020 |access-date=24 May 2016 |publisher=World Football}}</ref>
* [[2011 Copa Libertadores#Best Player|Copa Libertadores Best Player]]: 2011<ref>{{Cite web |last=Paulo |first=Por Felipe Zito São |date=2011-11-24 |title=Neymar recebe troféu de melhor jogador da Taça Libertadores 2011 |url=https://globoesporte.globo.com/futebol/times/santos/noticia/2011/11/neymar-recebe-trofeu-de-melhor-jogador-da-taca-libertadores-2011.html |access-date=2025-06-09 |website=globoesporte.com}}</ref>
* [[List of Copa Libertadores top scorers|Copa Libertadores top scorer]]: [[2012 Copa Libertadores#Top goalscorers|2012]] (tied with [[Matías Alustiza]])
* [[South American Footballer of the Year]]: [[2011 South American Footballer of the Year|2011]], [[2012 South American Footballer of the Year|2012]]
* [[Campeonato Brasileiro Série A Best Player]]: [[2011 Campeonato Brasileiro Série A|2011]]<ref name="prêmiocraquedobrasileirão2011" />
* [[Campeonato Brasileiro Série A Team of the Year]]: [[2010 Campeonato Brasileiro Série A|2010]], [[2011 Campeonato Brasileiro Série A|2011]], [[2012 Campeonato Brasileiro Série A|2012]]<ref>{{cite web|date=6 December 2010|title=Prêmio Craque do Brasileirão|url=http://globoesporte.globo.com/temporeal/cobertura/livre/06-12-2010/premio-craque-do-brasileirao/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201110073731/http://globoesporte.globo.com/temporeal/cobertura/livre/06-12-2010/premio-craque-do-brasileirao/|archive-date=10 November 2020|access-date=19 May 2009|publisher=Globo Esporte|language=pt}}</ref><ref name="prêmiocraquedobrasileirão2011">{{cite web |title=Os eleitos do Prêmio Craque do Brasileirão! |url=http://www.lanceactivo.com.br/www-lanceactivo-com-br-a-beira-do-campo/Blog/os-eleitos-do-premio-craque-do-brasileirao-/81551 |date=6 December 2011 |access-date=24 December 2011 |publisher=[[Lance!]] |language=pt |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120426071425/http://www.lanceactivo.com.br/www-lanceactivo-com-br-a-beira-do-campo/Blog/os-eleitos-do-premio-craque-do-brasileirao-/81551 |archive-date=26 April 2012 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Conheça os grandes vencedores do futebol brasileiro |trans-title=Meet the big winners of Brazilian football |url=http://www.cbf.com.br/Not%C3%ADcias/2012/11/23/Conhe%C3%A7a%20os%20grandes%20vencedores%20do%20futebol%20brasileiro |date=23 November 2012 |access-date=23 November 2012 |publisher=CBF |language=pt |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121130141048/http://www.cbf.com.br/Not%C3%ADcias/2012/11/23/Conhe%C3%A7a%20os%20grandes%20vencedores%20do%20futebol%20brasileiro |archive-date=30 November 2012 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
* Copa do Brasil top scorer: [[2010 Copa do Brasil|2010]]
* Campeonato Paulista top scorer: [[2012 Campeonato Paulista#Top goalscorers|2012]]
* [[IFFHS World's Best Player#The Best Man Player of the Decade (2011–2020)|IFFHS World’s Best Player of the Decade]] 4th place: 2011–2020<ref name=":44" />
* [[IFFHS World's Best Player#The Best Man Player of the Decade (2011–2020)|IFFHS CONMEBOL The Best Man Player of the Decade]] 2nd place: 2011–2020<ref name=":44"/>
* [[International Federation of Football History & Statistics#IFFHS CONMEBOL Man Team of the Decade 2011–2020|IFFHS CONMEBOL Team of the Decade]]: 2011–2020<ref>{{cite web |date=26 January 2021 |title=IFFHS MAN TEAM - CONMEBOL - OF THE DECADE 2011-2020 |url=https://www.iffhs.com/index.php/posts/921 |work=IFFHS}}</ref>
* [[Globe Soccer Awards|Globe Soccer]] Player Career Award: 2024<ref>{{Cite web |title=Neymar Jr (Player Career Award) |url=https://www.globesoccer.com/winners/neymar-jr-player-career-award-2024/ |access-date=2025-06-03 |website=Globe Soccer Awards }}</ref>
* [[Chuteira de Ouro]]: 2010, 2011, 2012
* [[Bola de Prata (Brazil)|Bola de Prata]]: 2010, 2011
* [[Bola de Ouro]]: [[Bola de Ouro#2011|2011]]
* [[Troféu Mesa Redonda]] Best Player: 2011,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://trofeumesaredonda.com.br/historico/2011.html#fotos-ano |title=Troféu Mesa Redonda 2011 |website=Troféu Mesa Redonda |language=pt |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241126181227/https://trofeumesaredonda.com.br/historico/2011.html#fotos-ano |archive-date=26 November 2024}}</ref> 2012<ref>{{cite web|url=https://trofeumesaredonda.com.br/historico/2012.html#fotos-ano |title=Troféu Mesa Redonda 2012 |website=Troféu Mesa Redonda |language=pt |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241122170925/https://trofeumesaredonda.com.br/historico/2012.html#fotos-ano |archive-date=22 November 2024}}</ref>
* [[World Soccer (magazine)|''World Soccer'' Young Player of the Year]]: [[World Soccer (magazine)#Young Player of the Year|2011]]
* Bola de Ouro Hors Concours: [[Bola de Ouro#2012|2012]]
* [[Samba Gold]]: 2014, 2015, 2017, 2020, 2021, 2022<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.sambafoot.com/en/news/67568_neymar_wins_his_first_samba_gold.html |title=Neymar wins his first Samba Gold |website=Sambafoot |date=31 December 2014 |access-date=10 June 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924094358/http://www.sambafoot.com/en/news/67568_neymar_wins_his_first_samba_gold.html |archive-date=24 September 2015 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Neymar wins the Samba Gold Award for the fourth time|url=https://www.sambafoot.com/en/news/neymar-wins-the-samba-gold-award-for-the-fourth-time|date=7 May 2021|access-date=7 May 2021|website=Sambafoot}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.sambafoot.com/en/news/neymar-winner-samba-gold-2021|title=Neymar is the big winner of the Samba Gold Trophy 2021|last=Kolade|first=Daniel|date=2 February 2022|website=Sambafoot|access-date=2 February 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.sambafoot.com/news/neymar-is-the-winner-of-the-2022-samba-gold-trophy-player-wins-the-award-for-the-6th-time|title=Neymar is the winner of the 2022 Samba Gold Trophy; player wins the award for the 6th time|last=Seixas|first=Josué|date=8 February 2023|website=Sambafoot|access-date=8 February 2023}}</ref>
* [[La Liga Player of the Month]]: [[2015–16 La Liga#Monthly|November 2015]]<ref>[http://www.laliga.es/en/news/neymar-named-liga-bbva-player-of-the-month-for-november Neymar named Liga BBVA Player of the Month for November] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170912234658/http://www.laliga.es/en/news/neymar-named-liga-bbva-player-of-the-month-for-november|date=12 September 2017}}; LFP.es 8 December 2015</ref>
* UNFP Ligue 1 [[UNFP Player of the Month|Player of the Month]]: [[2019–20 Ligue 1|January 2020]],<ref>{{Cite web |date=21 February 2020 |title=Neymar gets Player of the Month nod for January |url=https://www.ligue1.com/Articles/NEWS/2020/02/21/neymar-gets-player-of-the-month-nod-for-january |access-date=25 September 2022 |website=Ligue1 |language=}}</ref> [[2022–23 Ligue 1#Monthly|August 2022]]<ref name="unfp.org"/>
* South American U-20 Championship top scorer: [[2011 South American U-20 Championship#Goalscorers|2011]]

== See also ==
{{Portal|Association football|Brazil|Biography}}
* [[List of top international men's football goal scorers by country|List of top international men's football goalscorers by country]]
* [[List of men's footballers with 100 or more international caps]]
* [[List of men's footballers with 50 or more international goals]]
* [[List of most expensive association football transfers]]
{{Clear}}

==Notes==
{{notelist}}
{{reflist|group=note}}
{{reflist|group=lower-greek}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Sister project links|c=Category:Neymar|d=yes|q=yes|n=yes|s=no|b=no|v=no|voy=no|m=no|mw=no|wikt=no|species=no}}
* {{Official website}} {{in lang|pt}}
* {{FIFA player}}
* {{UEFA player}}
* {{Olympics.com}}
* {{Olympedia}}
* {{COB profile}}
* {{LFP Ligue 1|neymar-da-silva-santos-junior}}

{{Santos FC squad}}
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{{Brazil squad 2014 FIFA World Cup}}
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{{2017–18 Ligue 1 UNFP Team of the Year}}
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Neymar}}
[[Category:Neymar| ]]
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Arundhathi Subramaniam

2026-03-29T00:30:15Z

WilheminaJanzen: slightly cleanup layout as per guidelines also and cleaned formatting

{{short description|English language Indian poet}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2022}}
{{Infobox writer
| name = Arundhathi Subramaniam
| birth_name = Arundhathi
| image = Arundhathi Subramaniam bharat-s-tiwari-photography-IMG 4208 January 27, 2018.jpg
| caption =
| birth_date = {{birth year and age|1973}}
| birth_place = [[Coimbatore]], [[Tamilnadu]], India
| alma_mater = JB Petit High School, [[St. Xavier's College]], Mumbai, [[University of Mumbai]]<ref>{{cite magazine |last1=Karmakar |first1=Goutam |title=Interview: Arundhathi Subramaniam |url=https://www.setumag.com/2017/10/interview-arundhathi-subramaniam.html |magazine=Setu Magazine |date=October 2017 |access-date=15 January 2022}}</ref>
| occupation = Poet, writer
| awards = [[Sahitya Akademi Award]]
}}

'''Arundhathi Subramaniam''' is an Indian poet and author, who has written about culture and spirituality.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://penguin.co.in/author/arundhathi-subramaniam/|title=Arundhathi Subramaniam|access-date=27 August 2019|archive-date=29 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190829063630/https://penguin.co.in/author/arundhathi-subramaniam/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.poetryinternational.org/pi/poet/12079/Arundhathi-Subramaniam/en/nocache|title=Arundhathi Subramaniam |access-date=1 June 2008}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/lifestyle/books/always-and-forever-love-without-a-storyarundhathi-subramaniam-5795327/|title=Arundhathi Subramaniam's new volume of poetry is unpredictable and utterly compelling|first=Keki|last= Daruwalla|newspaper=The Indian Express |language=en |date=June 23, 2019|access-date=23 June 2019}}</ref> She was born in [[Coimbatore]], Tamilnadu, South India.

== Life and career ==
Subramaniam is a poet and writer based in [[Mumbai]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Arundhathi Subramaniam |url=https://www.poetryinternational.com/poets-poems/poets/poet/102-12079_Subramaniam |access-date=2022-09-05 |website=www.poetryinternational.com |language=nl}}</ref> She is the author of 13 books of poetry and prose.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2013-09-17 |title=Arundhathi Subramaniam - JLF Houston |url=https://jlflitfest.org/houston/speaker/arundhathi-subramaniam-2438 |access-date=2022-09-05 |website=jlflitfest.org/ |language=en}}</ref>

She has received the Raza Award for Poetry,<ref>{{Cite web |last=admin |title=Arundhathi Subramaniam {{!}} The Raza Foundation |url=https://www.therazafoundation.in/awards-Arundhathi-Subramaniam |access-date=2026-03-05 |website=Arundhathi Subramaniam - The Raza Foundation |language=en-us}}</ref> the Zee Women's Award for Literature, the International Piero Bigongiari Prize in Italy, the Charles Wallace, Visiting Arts and Homi Bhabha Fellowships.{{citation needed|date=December 2021}}

Her volume of poetry, ''When God Is a Traveller'' was the Season Choice of the Poetry Book Society,{{citation needed|date=December 2021}} was shortlisted for the [[T. S. Eliot Prize]] in 2015,<ref name="TheHindu-Nov07">{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/journeys-with-god/article6574672.ece |title=Journeys with God|newspaper= The Hindu|date= 7 November 2014|first=Parshathy J. |last=Nath}}</ref> and won the Sahitya Akademi Award<ref>{{Cite news |date=2021-03-14 |title=Arundhathi Subramaniam, Anamika, M Veerappa Moily win Sahitya Akademi Award |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/life-style/books/features/arundhathi-subramaniam-anamika-m-veerappa-moily-win-sahitya-akademi-award/articleshow/81493294.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2023-10-19 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> for the year 2020.

Her poetry has been published in ''Reasons for Belonging: Fourteen Contemporary Poets'' (Penguin India); ''Sixty Indian Poets'' (Penguin India), ''Both Sides of the Sky'' (National Book Trust, India), ''We Speak in Changing Languages'' (Sahitya Akademi), ''Fulcrum No 4: An Annual of Poetry and Aesthetics'' (Fulcrum Poetry Press, US), ''The Bloodaxe Book of Contemporary Indian Poets'' (Bloodaxe, UK), ''Anthology of Contemporary Indian Poetry''<ref>{{cite web |title=Anthology of Contemporary Indian Poetry |url=http://bigbridge.org/BB17/poetry/indianpoetryanthology/Arundhathi_Subramaniam.html |access-date=9 June 2016 |publisher=BigBridge.Org}}</ref> (United States), ''[[The Dance of the Peacock]]: An Anthology of English Poetry from India'',<ref>{{cite news|last1=Grove|first1=Richard|title=The Dance of the Peacock:An Anthology of English Poetry from India|url=http://hiddenbrookpress.com/Book-Indo-EnglishPoetry.html|access-date=5 January 2015|issue=current|publisher=Hidden Brook Press, Canada|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180929050126/http://hiddenbrookpress.com/Book-Indo-EnglishPoetry.html|archive-date=29 September 2018|url-status=dead}} {{verify source |date=September 2019 |reason=This ref was deleted Special:Diff/893567847 by a bug in VisualEditor and later restored by a bot from the original cite located at Special:Permalink/893405019 cite #5 - verify the cite is accurate and delete this template. [[User:GreenC bot/Job 18]]}}</ref> featuring 151 Indian English poets, edited by Vivekanand Jha and published by Hidden Brook Press,<ref>{{cite web |title=Hidden Brook Press |url=http://hiddenbrookpress.com |access-date=5 January 2015 |publisher=Hidden Brook Press}}</ref> Canada, and ''Atlas: New Writing'' (Crossword/ Aark Arts).

She has worked as Head of Dance and Chauraha (an inter-arts forum) at the National Centre for the Performing Arts in Mumbai, and has been Editor of the India domain of the Poetry International Web.{{citation needed|date=December 2021}}

==Awards==
On 25 January 2015, Subramaniam won the first [[Khushwant Singh]] Memorial Prize for her Poetry work 'When God Is a Traveller'.<ref name="TheHindu-Jan25">{{cite news|first=Aarti |last=Dhar |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/arundhathi-subramaniam-wins-poetry-prize-at-jaipur-lit-fest/article6819441.ece |title=Arundhathi Subramaniam wins poetry prize|newspaper=The Hindu|date= 25 January 2015}}</ref>

On 22 December 2017, Subramaniam won the first Mystic Kalinga Literary Award, announced during the Kalinga Literary Festival.<ref name="TheTimesof India">[https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/life-style/books/features/arundhathi-subramaniam-nabaneeta-sen-soubhagya-mishra-honoured-with-first-mystic-kalinga-literary-awards/articleshow/62219009.cms Arundhathi Subramaniam honoured with first Mystic Kalinga Literary Awards], ''The Times of India'', 23 December 2017.</ref>

She won the [[List of Sahitya Akademi Award winners for English|Sahitya Akademi Award for English]] in 2020 for ''When God Is a Traveller''.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.indianexpress.com/article/books-and-literature/veerappa-moily-arundhathi-subramania-among-others-to-receive-sahitya-akademi-award-2020-7225734/lite/|title=Veerappa Moily, Arundhathi Subramania among others to receive Sahitya Akademi Award-2020|work=Indian Express|date=12 March 2021}}</ref>

==Bibliography==
{{div col}}

=== Poetry ===
*''Love Without a Story''<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.thehindu.com/books/arundhathi-subramaniams-latest-book-is-on-love/article29100575.ece2019.|title=Arundhathi Subramaniam's latest book is on Love |newspaper=The Hindu|first=Geetha|last= Venkataramanan|language=en |date=15 August 2019|access-date=15 August 2019}}</ref> {{ISBN|978-9388689458}}
*''When God Is a Traveller''.{{ISBN|978-9388689458}},<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/lifestyle/review-book-review-when-god-is-a-traveller-2020235|title=Book Review: When God is a Traveller |newspaper=The DNA|language=en|first=Vivek |last=Tandon|date=5 December 2017|access-date=24 September 2014}}</ref>
*''Where I Live: New & Selected Poems''. [[Bloodaxe Books]] [[UK]], 2009.
*''Where I Live'' (Poetry in English). Allied Publishers [[India]], 2005.
*''On Cleaning Bookshelves'' (Poetry in English). Allied Publishers [[India]], 2001.

* [[The Gallery of Upside Down Women]]

=== Prose ===
*''[https://www.speakingtigerbooks.com/women-who-wear-only-themselves Women Who Wear Only Themselves] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211026211833/https://www.speakingtigerbooks.com/women-who-wear-only-themselves |date=26 October 2021 }}'', Speaking Tiger, 2021
*''Adiyogi: The Source of Yoga'' ''(co-author with Sadhguru)'' Harper Element, 2017, {{ISBN|978-9352643929}}
*''Sadhguru: More Than A Life'', biography, Penguin Ananda, 2010 (third reprint)
*''The Book of Buddha'', Penguin, 2005 (reprinted several times)

=== As editor ===
*''Pilgrim's India (An Anthology of Essays and Poems on Sacred Journeys)'', Penguin, 2011
*''Confronting Love'' (An Anthology of Contemporary Indian Love Poems) (co-edited with [[Jerry Pinto]]), Penguin, 2005
* ''Eating God: A Book of Bhakti Poetry'', Penguin, 2014
{{div col end}}

==See also==

{{portal|Poetry}}
* [[Indian English Literature]]
* [[Indian Writing in English]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* [https://arundhathisubramaniam.com Official website]

{{Authority control}}
{{Sahitya Akademi Award for English}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Subramaniam, Arundhathi}}
[[Category:21st-century Indian essayists]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian poets]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian writers]]
[[Category:1973 births]]
[[Category:English-language Indian poets]]
[[Category:Indian editors]]
[[Category:Indian magazine editors]]
[[Category:Indian women essayists]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Writers from Mumbai]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Sahitya Akademi Award in English]]
[[Category:British women anthologists]]
[[Category:British anthologists]]
[[Category:Indian women magazine editors]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian women poets]]

Arvind Gupta (administrator)

2026-03-28T03:43:25Z

WilheminaJanzen: improved article

{{Short description|Indian civil servant (born 1953)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2019}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Arvind Gupta
| office1 = Deputy [[National Security Advisor of India]]
| image =
| image_size =
| caption =
| term_start1 = 5 August 2014
| term_end1 = 5 August 2017
| successor1 = [[Pankaj Saran]]
| predecessor1 = ''Position Established''
| office = Director of [[Vivekananda International Foundation]]
| term_start = 24 September 2017
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1953|07|10|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Nurpur, Himachal Pradesh|Nurpur]], [[Himachal Pradesh]], India
| occupation = Diplomat ([[Indian Foreign Service|IFS]])
}}
'''Arvind Gupta''' is a career [[civil servant]] of the [[Indian Foreign Service]] cadre and former Indian Deputy National Security Advisor (NSA) serving from 2014 to 2017.<ref>{{cite news|title=Former IFS officer Arvind Gupta appointed Deputy NSA|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/former-ifs-officer-arvind-gupta-appointed-deputy-nsa/articleshow/39634753.cms|accessdate=5 August 2014|agency=Economic Times|date=4 August 2014|archive-date=4 August 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140804225508/http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/former-ifs-officer-arvind-gupta-appointed-deputy-nsa/articleshow/39634753.cms|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://www.vifindia.org/ResearchTeam|title=Research Team|website=www.vifindia.org|language=en|access-date=2017-10-03|archive-date=30 January 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250130160831/https://www.vifindia.org/ResearchTeam|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite news|url=http://m.hindustantimes.com/india-news/former-nsa-arvind-gupta-to-head-vivekananda-intl-foundation/story-1DI4dJZc9jzKwt60EKzY1K.html|title=Former deputy NSA Arvind Gupta to head Vivekananda Intl Foundation|date=2017-09-23|work=hindustantimes.com/|access-date=2017-10-03|language=en}}</ref> He was the ''ex officio'' Secretary, National Security Council Secretariat. He served as the Director General of the [[Institute for Defence Studies and Analyses]] from January 2012 till his appointment to the post of Deputy NSA.<ref>{{cite web|work=IDSA website|title=Arvind Gupta: Director General|url=http://www.idsa.in/profile/agupta|accessdate=23 May 2012|archive-date=9 June 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120609020258/http://idsa.in/profile/agupta|url-status=live}}</ref>

He is currently serving as the director of the [[Vivekananda International Foundation]], a public policy think tank situated in Delhi.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":0" />

==Career==
Dr. Gupta belongs to the 1979 batch of the [[Indian Foreign Service]]. Over the course of his career, he has served in various capacities at Indian [[diplomatic mission]]s in [[Moscow]], [[London]] and [[Ankara]]. He joined the [[National Security Council (India)|National Security Council]] Secretariat shortly after it was set up in 1998 and served there till 2007.<ref>{{cite book|last=Raghavan|first= V.R.|title=India and global nuclear disarmament|year=2010|publisher=Delhi Policy Group|location=[[New Delhi]]|isbn=9780230327863|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7Et4xO2xp0IC&q=Arvind+Gupta+%28IDSA%29}}</ref> Prior to taking charge as Director General, he held the [[Lal Bahadur Shastri]] Chair on National Security in the [[Institute for Defence Studies and Analyses|IDSA]] from 2008 to 2012.<ref>{{cite web|title=Dr. Arvind Gupta Takes Over AS DG, IDSA|url=http://pib.nic.in/newsite/erelease.aspx?relid=79369|publisher=Press Information Bureau, Government of India|accessdate=23 May 2012}}</ref>

He was a member of the informal group constituted by the [[Prime Minister of India]] to revive the action plan on nuclear disarmament presented by [[Rajiv Gandhi]] at the Third Special Session on Disarmament of the UN General Assembly in June 1998.<ref>{{cite news|title=India to push Rajiv Gandhi plan for N-free world|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics/nation/india-to-push-rajiv-gandhi-plan-for-n-free-world/articleshow/9664993.cms|accessdate=24 June 2012|newspaper=Economic Times|date=19 August 2011}}</ref> He has also worked in the [[Ministry of External Affairs (India)|Ministry of External Affairs]] on different assignments.

==Books and publications==
* Arvind Gupta, ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20141019114206/http://www.pentagonpress.in/servlet/ppGetbiblio?bno=629 India`s Nuclear Energy Programme: Challenges, Prospects and Public Concerns]'', 2014, Pentagon Press, {{ISBN|8182747813}}, 300 pages
* Arvind Gupta, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=Gc5oAAAAMAAJ Ideology and Soviet foreign policy : Lenin to Gorbachev]'', 1993, Venus Publ. House, {{ISBN|9788172380076}}, 251 pages
*Arvind Gupta, Mukul Chaturvedi, eds, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=gARuAAAAMAAJ Select documents on security and diplomacy]'', 2003, Manas Publications, {{ISBN|9788170491682}}, 391 pages
*Arvind Gupta, Mukul Chaturvedi, and Akshay Joshi, eds., ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=6ANuAAAAMAAJ Security and diplomacy : essential documents]'' 2004, Manas Publications, {{ISBN|9788170492023}}, 548 pages
*Arvind Gupta, ed, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=BpEDQgAACAAJ India In A Changing Global Nuclear Order]'', 2010, Academic Foundation, {{ISBN|9788171887705}}, 312 pages
*Arvind Gupta, Amitav Mallik, and Ajey Lele, eds, ''[https://www.amazon.com/SPACE-SECURITY-NEED-GLOBAL-CONVERGENCE/dp/B0075MC2IY Space Security: Need for Global Convergence]'' 2012, Pentagon Press, {{ISBN|9788182746053}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Gupta, Arvind}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian civil servants]]
[[Category:1953 births]]

Dargah Tajush Shariah

2026-03-25T14:39:16Z

WilheminaJanzen: new post

{{short description|Indian shrine}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2022}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2022}}
{{Infobox religious building
| building_name = Khanqah-E-Tajush Shariah
| religious_affiliation = [[Islam]]
| image = Barielly Sharif Dargah Barielly UP.jpg{{!}}Bareilly Sharif Dargah
| caption = 
| map_type = India Uttar Pradesh#India
| coordinates = {{coord|28.361847|N|79.408572|E|region:IN-UP_type:shrine|display=inline,title|format=dms}}
| map_size =
| map_caption =
| location = [[Bareilly]]
| rite =
| district = [[Bareilly district]]
| province = [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| country = [[India]] {{flagicon|India}}
| consecration_year =
| status = [[Shrine]]
| leadership = [[Asjad Raza Khan]] ([[Sajjada nashin | Sajjada Nashin]])
| ownership = [[Individual]]
| website =
| architect = [[Sunni Islam|Sunni]]-Al-Jamaat
| architecture_type = [[Mosque]], [[Dargah|Sufi mausoleum]]
| architecture_style = [[Modern architecture|Modern]]
| established = 2018
| year_completed = 2021
| construction_cost =
| facade_direction = West
| capacity =
| length =
| width =
| width_nave =
| height_max =
| dome_quantity =
| dome_height_outer =
| dome_height_inner =
| dome_dia_outer =
| dome_dia_inner =
| minaret_quantity =
| minaret_height =
| spire_quantity =
| spire_height =
| shrine_quantity = 1
| materials =
| image_size =
| year_construction begins =
}}

'''Khanqah-e-Tajush Shariah''' or '''Dargah Tajush Shariah''' is a [[Shrine]] of [[Akhtar Raza Khan|Akhtar Raza Khan Azhari]] which is a monument located near [[Bareilly Sharif Dargah]] in [[Bareilly]] city of [[Uttar Pradesh]] state, India.<ref>{{Cite web |title=UP: ताजुश्शरीया के नमाजे जनाजे में उमड़ा अकीदतमंद का सैलाब |url=https://www.livehindustan.com/uttar-pradesh/bareily/story-tajushariya-mufti-akhtar-raza-khan-funeral-2083446.html |access-date=2022-04-21 |website=Hindustan |language=hindi}}</ref> He had millions of followers around the world.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Wpnews18: Tajushshariya {{!}} ताजुश्शरिया उर्फ अज़हरी मियां की Biography in hindi bareilly |url=https://www.wpnews18.com/2020/08/tajushshariya-biography-in-hindi.html |access-date=2022-04-21 |archive-date=15 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221115183007/https://www.wpnews18.com/2020/08/tajushshariya-biography-in-hindi.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-07-22 |title=علامہ مفتی اختررضا خاں قادری بریلوی لاکھوں سوگواروں کی موجودگی میں بریلی شریف میں سپرد خاک |url=https://urdu.news18.com/news/nation/north-india-akhtar-raza-khan-qadri-barelwi-namaz-janazah-performed-in-bareli-246050.html |access-date=2022-04-21 |website=News18 Urdu}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=21 July 2018 |first=Priyangi |last=Agarwal |title=bareilly: Noted Barelvi cleric Azhari Miyan dies {{!}} Bareilly News - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bareilly/noted-barelvi-cleric-azhari-miyan-dies/articleshow/65075272.cms |access-date=2022-04-21 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref>

According to the Islamic Research Center study report, Azhari was "the only cleric in India to receive the title of '''Tajush Shariah''<nowiki/>'<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hayate Tajushshariya Biography book pdf download - wpnews18 |url=https://www.wpnews18.com/2019/04/hayate-tajushshariya.html |access-date=2022-04-21 |archive-date=2 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211002134810/https://www.wpnews18.com/2019/04/hayate-tajushshariya.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> and one of the few prominent figures from around the world who were allowed inside the [[Kaaba]] in [[Mecca]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2018-07-21 |title=Noted Barelvi cleric Azhari Miyan dies |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bareilly/noted-barelvi-cleric-azhari-miyan-dies/articleshow/65075272.cms |access-date=2024-02-02 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

In 2014 edition of the [[Royal Islamic Strategic Studies Centre]] he was ranked 22nd in the list of [[The 500 Most Influential Muslims|500 most influential Muslims]] in the world by the Center of Studies.<ref>{{Cite web |title=सुन्नी बरेलवी मजहबी रहनुमा नहीं रहे, दुनिया के 500 प्रभावशाली मुस्लिमों में थे शामिल - Latest News & Updates in Hindi at India.com Hindi |url=https://www.india.com/hindi-news/uttar-pradesh/bareilly-tajushariah-mufti-akhtar-raza-is-no-more-he-is-the-500-most-influential-muslims-in-world-3178974/ |access-date=2022-04-21 |website=www.india.com |language=hi}}</ref><ref name=":0" />

==Events==
Urs-e-Tajush Shariah was celebrated with great simplicity due to [[Coronavirus|Corona virus]],<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-06-16 |title=बरेली: परचम कुशाई से उर्स-ए-अजहरी का आगाज, सादगी से निकला जुलूस |url=https://amritvichar.com/urs-e-azhari-begins-from-parcham-kushai-procession-with-simplicity/ |access-date=2022-04-21 |website=Amrit Vichar |language=en-US}}</ref> under the banner of [[All India Tanzeem Ulama-e-Islam]] organized by [[Shahabuddin Razvi|Maulana Shahabuddin Razvi]] has been celebrated in different states and cities of the country Haji Shakil Qureshi released Rasayle Tajushshariyah book.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Wpnews18:- ताजुश्शरीय़ह की लिखी हुई 20 कितबो का सेट "रसायले ताजुश्शरीय़ह" का विमोचन किया हाजी शकिल कुरेशी ने{{!}} |url=https://www.wpnews18.com/2020/06/bareilly-Second-urs-tajushahriya.html |access-date=2022-04-21 |archive-date=7 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220407084620/https://www.wpnews18.com/2020/06/bareilly-Second-urs-tajushahriya.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=बरेली में दरगाह पर महफिल के साथ होगा उर्स-ए-ताजुश्शरिया का आगाज |url=https://www.jagran.com/uttar-pradesh/bareilly-city-urs-e-tajjushariya-will-begin-on-16th-june-in-bareilly-21726585.html |access-date=2022-04-21 |website=m.jagran.com |language=hi}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[Bareilly Sharif Dargah]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Ahmed Raza Khan Barelvi}}
{{Hanafi scholars}}
{{Islamic theology}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Tajush Shariah, Dargah}}

[[Category:Dargahs in Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:2018 establishments in Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Dargahs in Bareilly district]]

Narayani Devi Verma

2026-03-24T06:28:30Z

WilheminaJanzen: created some bio first draft

{{Short description|Indian freedom fighter (?-1977)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2023}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Narayani Devi Verma
| death_date = {{Death date|1977|03|12|df=y}}
| nationality =
| known_for = [[Bijolia movement]] [[Women's education]] [[Indian independence movement]]
| spouse = [[Manikya Lal Verma]]
}}

'''Narayani Devi Verma''' (? – 12 March 1977) was a freedom fighter from [[Rajasthan]] in the [[Indian independence movement]]. She was the wife of fellow freedom fighter [[Manikya Lal Verma]] and together they fought with colonial, imperialist as well as feudal oppression in the erstwhile princely state of [[Mewar]]. She had played a key role in the [[Bijolia movement]] and also took many steps to promote women's education. While she was very active in the [[All India States Peoples' Conference|Praja Mandal Movement]], her commitment to Gandhian ideals resulted in her active efforts towards tribal welfare and [[Dalit]] upliftment.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Womens Struggle in Rajasthan |url=https://rgbooks.net/shop/raj-history-culture/womens-struggle-in-rajasthan/ |access-date=2023-04-12 |website=Rajasthani Granthagar |language=en-US}}</ref> Even after independence, she remained active in both politics and social service. She was a [[Rajya Sabha]] member from 1970 to 1976. She died on 12 March 1977.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mahotsav |first=Amrit |title=नारायणी देवी वर्मा |url=https://amritmahotsav.nic.in/unsung-heroes-detail.htm?7588 |access-date=2023-04-12 |website=Azadi Ka Amrit Mahotsav, Ministry of Culture, Government of India |language=English}}</ref>

== Early life ==
Narayani Devi was the daughter of Ramsahay Bhatnagar of [[Singoli]] village of [[Madhya Pradesh]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=admin |date=2022-02-12 |title=नारायणी देवी वर्मा की जीवनी {{!}} Biography of Narayani Devi Verma In Hindi |url=https://hihindi.com/biography-of-narayani-devi-verma-in-hindi/ |access-date=2023-04-12 |website=hihindi.com |language=en-US}}</ref> She was married to Manikya Lal Verma at the age of 12. The atrocities of the rulers and [[jagir]]dars on the peasants and the common people was found unbearable by Manikya Lal. He thus took a lifelong pledge to serve the peasants, dalits, and tribals and decided to oppose the ruling powers and state forces. Narayani Devi became his ally in this endeavour and contributed in both proactive and supporting roles. After Manikya Lal went to jail, Narayani Devi took up the responsibility of nurturing the family as well as teaching people. She also undertook many initiatives to prepare women to stand against the exploitation by the state.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Jain, Pratibha |first=Sharma, Sangeeta |title=Women's Struggles in Rajasthan - Crossing Barriers, Claiming Space |publisher=Centre for Rajasthan studies, University of Rajasthan |year=2018 |isbn=9789387297333 |edition=1st |location=Jaipur |pages=233–240}}</ref>

== Freedom movement and social reforms ==
Verma had mobilised many women to work for the cause of nationalism and social awakening. Along with her team, she used to spread this message from house to house and inspired people to raise their voice against forced labour, drug addiction, child marriage and work unitedly.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Studio |first=Rajasthan |date=2021-11-23 |title=Salute to the Patriots of Rajasthan! |url=https://rajasthanstudio.com/salute-to-the-patriots-of-rajasthan/ |access-date=2023-04-12 |website=Rajasthan Studio |language=en-US}}</ref>

=== Bijolia Movement and mobilisation of women ===
Verma mobilised several women leaders and participants for the Bijolia peasant movement in the Mewar region. For the first time in Rajasthan, women came out in public space and played an effective role.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Sharma |first=Sangeeta |date=2023 |title=Women in the Bijoliyan Peasant Movement: Invisible Images |journal=Jijnasa - A Journal of History of Ideas and Culture |volume=XXX |pages=31–42}}</ref> She was joined by Anjana Devi in her efforts to mobilise women. They used to organise separate meetings for women peasants regularly.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Srivastava |first=Anisha |date=2022–23 |title=Many Shades of Resistance in the Kife of Anjana devi Chaudhary |journal=Jijnasa - A History of Ideas and Culture |volume=XXX |pages=99}}</ref> During these meetings they would be facing the guns of state forces in a vain effort to scare them.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2022-08-14 |title='Not even a nose ring': Rajputana women played stellar roles in freedom struggle |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/jaipur/not-even-a-nose-ring-rajputana-women-played-stellar-roles-in-freedom-struggle/articleshow/93549848.cms |access-date=2023-04-12 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> Verma inspired peasant women by example and even worked in the fields with the peasants. The women, despite all challenges, rose to the occasion and courageously took active part in the Bijolia movement.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Chaturvedi |first=Neekee |date=2009 |title=Retrieving Women's History - Mobilisation against British Imperialism in Rajasthan |journal=Proceedings of Rajasthan History Congress |volume=XXV |pages=167–170}}</ref>

=== Social reforms ===
Verma also integrated her zeal for social reforms with the political movement. Both Manikya Lal and Narayani Devi were committed to work for education of children of peasants. The latter also took a stand against the use of alcohol and created awareness against ill effects in the society. She again lived by example by giving up the practice of purdah (veil), a difficult task as it was a deeply entrenched practice in the region. Thus, she encouraged women to get rid of their shackles not just politically but also socially.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Womens Struggle in Rajasthan |url=https://rgbooks.net/shop/raj-history-culture/womens-struggle-in-rajasthan/ |access-date=2023-04-12 |website=Rajasthani Granthagar |language=en-US}}</ref>

=== Prajamandal Movement ===
Verma displayed leadership initiative during the Praja Mandal movement as well. In the first session, she planned to welcome the national leaders and was also able to organise a separate women's conference, even though in erstwhile Rajputana women did not usually come out in public. In 1939, during the [[Quit India Movement]], when her husband Manikya Lal was arrested, she took over the leadership role and did not allow the movement in Mewar to weaken in his absence. In 1939 and then in 1942, she was herself arrested.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Gaur |first=Meena |date=2022–23 |title=Bharatiya Swatnatrata andolan aur Rajasthan ki Mahilayein |journal=JIjnasa - A Journal of History and Ideas |volume=XXX |pages=1–12}}</ref>

=== Popularising Khadi ===
Her efforts for political mobilization also included popularizing use of [[Charkha (spinning wheel)|charkha]] and [[khadi]]. The two had become symbols of Indian nationalism under the leadership of [[Mahatma Gandhi]]. They became popular in political mobilisation of women in the Indian independence movement.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Thapar-Bjorkert |first=Suruchi |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=C_P6VetxLLwC |title=Women in the Indian National Movement: Unseen Faces and Unheard Voices, 1930-42 |date=2006-03-09 |publisher=SAGE Publications |isbn=978-0-7619-3407-3 |language=en}}</ref> She taught the peasant women howto ply charkha. She herself always wore khadi.

== Dalit upliftment and tribal welfare ==
Verma took many steps to bring Dalits and tribals bring into the mainstream. In 1934, Manikyalal Verma and Shobha Lal Gupta had set up ''Sevashram'' for [[Dalit|Harijan]] welfare in Nareli, near [[Ajmer]]. She played an active role in mobilizing Dalits through involving them in constructive activities.

Narayani Devi with Manikyalal Verma established ''Khadlai Ashram'' in tribal areas of Bagad region in [[Banswara]] and [[Dungarpur]] where she lived with her children. As the tribal welfare activities widened, ''Bagad Seva Mandir'' was set up by Manikya Lal. Narayani Devi did not shy away from the difficult life in this inhospitable region in view of being in close proximity with the tribal population. Her three-year-old son succumbed to an illness due to lack of medical facilities in the region.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Jain, Pratibha |first=and Sharma, Sangeeta |title=Women's struggles in Rajasthan |publisher=Centre for Rajasthan studies, University of Rajasthan |year=2018 |location=Jaipur |pages=238}}</ref>

== Women’s education ==
During the Bijolia movement, Verma organized night school for peasant women. At the same time, she also assisted Manikyalal in a school, started by him, for children of the peasants. In 1944, she established ''Mahila Ashram''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mahila Ashram Group Of Institutions – Working for women education since 1944 |url=https://www.mahilaashram.edu.in/ |access-date=2023-04-12 |website=www.mahilaashram.edu.in}}</ref> in [[Bhilwara]] for the education of tribal women, which eventually attracted a large number of students. Due to her efforts, a girls school, ''Bhil Kanyashala'' was opened in [[Udaipur]] in 1944 where [[Bhil]] tribal girls registered a significant presence.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Jain, Pratibha |first=and Sharma, Sangeeta |title=Women's struggles in Rajasthan |publisher=Centre for Rajasthan studies, University of Rajasthan |year=2018 |location=Jaipur |pages=237}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Verma, Narayani Devi}}
[[Category:Women Indian independence activists]]
[[Category:Women from Rajasthan]]
[[Category:1977 deaths]]

Dowry death

2026-03-19T14:37:54Z

WilheminaJanzen: added details and cleaned formatting

{{Short description|Femicide to extort more dowry}}
{{context|date=June 2018}}
{{Violence against women}}
{{Masculism sidebar}}
'''Dowry deaths''' are deaths of married women who are [[murder]]ed or driven to [[suicide]] over disputes about [[dowry]]. Dowry are the material exchange that the brides give the groom's side in the course of a wedding.<ref name="UNBangladeshDowry" /><ref name="iranpbs">[https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/tehranbureau/2010/08/selected-headlines-202.html Isfahan man kills daughter over inability to pay dowry] Public Broadcasting Service, Washington DC (August 16, 2010)</ref><ref name="Kiani 2014">Kiani et al. (2014), A Survey on Spousal Abuse of 500 Victims in Iran, American Journal of Forensic Medicine and Pathology, 35(1):50–54, March 2014</ref> Dowry deaths are found predominantly in India,<ref name=india/> Pakistan,<ref>[http://www.humanrights.asia/news/ahrc-news/AHRC-ART-003-2014 PAKISTAN: The social injustice behind the practice of dowry-when greed dictates society] Asian Human Rights Commission (2014)</ref> Bangladesh, and Iran.

India reports the highest total number of dowry deaths worldwide annually. In 2023, over 6,100 dowry-related deaths in India were reported and over 15,000 cases were recorded.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Dowry Cases Rise By 14% In 2023, Over 6,100 Women Killed: Data |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/dowry-cases-rise-by-14-in-2023-over-6-100-women-killed-data-9377909 |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20251005235141/https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/dowry-cases-rise-by-14-in-2023-over-6-100-women-killed-data-9377909 |archive-date=2025-10-05 |access-date=2026-03-19 |work=www.ndtv.com |language=en}}</ref> From 1999 to 2016, Female dowry deaths account for 40 to 50 percent of all female homicides recorded annually in India, representing a stable trend.<ref>{{cite web |title=Dowry Deaths Make Significant Share Of Female Killings In India: Report |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/dowry-deaths-make-significant-share-of-female-killings-in-india-report-1954056 |website=NDTV |access-date=8 March 2019}}</ref> Pakistan is predicted to have nearly 2000 dowry deaths occur every year.<ref>Subhani, D., Imtiaz, M., & Afza, S. (2009), To estimate an equation explaining the determinants of Dowry, MePRC Journal, University of Munich, Germany</ref><ref>Anderson, Siwan (2000), "The economics of dowry payments in Pakistan", ''Mimeo'', Tilburg University Press, Center for Economic Research</ref>

==India==
{{Further|Dowry system in India}}Dowry deaths relate to a bride's suicide or killing committed by her husband and his family soon after the marriage because of their dissatisfaction with the dowry. It is typically the culmination of a series of prior domestic abuses by the husband's family.<ref>Jane Rudd, "Dowry-murder: An example of violence against women." ''Women's studies international forum'' 24#5 (2001).</ref><ref>Meghana Shah, "Rights under fire: The inadequacy of international human rights instruments in combating dowry murder in India." ''Connecticut Journal of International Law'' 19 (2003): 209+.</ref> Most dowry deaths occur when the young woman, unable to bear the harassment and torture, dies by suicide. Most of these suicides are by hanging, poisoning or by fire. Sometimes the woman is killed by being set on fire by her husband or inlaws; this is known as "[[bride burning]]", and is sometimes disguised as suicide or accident. Death by burning of Indian women has been more frequently attributed to dowry conflicts.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Kumar|first=Virendra|title=Burnt wives|journal=Burns|date=Feb 2003|volume=29|issue=1|pages=31–36|doi=10.1016/s0305-4179(02)00235-8|pmid=12543042}}</ref> In dowry deaths, the groom's family is the perpetrator of murder or suicide.<ref>Oldenburg, V. T. (2002). Dowry murder: The imperial origins of a cultural crime. Oxford University Press.</ref>

India has by far the highest number of dowry-related deaths in the world according to Indian National Crime Record Bureau. In 2012, 8,233 dowry death cases were reported across India.<ref name=india>{{cite web
|url=http://ncrb.nic.in/CD-CII2012/Statistics2012.pdf
|title=National Crime Statistics (page 196)
|publisher=National Crime Records Bureau, India
|date=2013-01-16
|access-date=2015-01-02
|url-status=dead
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140620023952/http://ncrb.nic.in/CD-CII2012/Statistics2012.pdf
|archive-date=2014-06-20
}}</ref> Dowry issues cause 1.4 deaths per year per 100,000 women in India.<ref>[http://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/censusinfodashboard/index.html Provisional 2011 Census Data], Government of India (2011)</ref><ref name=crimeindia2011>[http://ncrb.nic.in/CD-CII2011/Statistics2011.pdf Crime statistics in India] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130129164006/http://ncrb.nic.in/CD-CII2011/Statistics2011.pdf |date=January 29, 2013 }}, Government of India (2011)</ref><ref>http://ncrb.nic.in/CD-CII2011/Statistics2011.pdf Crime statistics in India {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130129164006/http://ncrb.nic.in/CD-CII2011/Statistics2011.pdf |date=January 29, 2013 }}, Government of India (2011)</ref>

According to a 1996 report by the [[Indian Police Service]], every year it receives over 2,500 reports of bride-burning.<ref>[http://www.cnn.com/WORLD/9608/18/bride.burn/ Bride-burning claims hundreds in India: Practice sometimes disguised as suicide or accident] ''[[CNN]]'', August 18, 1996.</ref> The Indian National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB) reports that there were 8,331 dowry death cases registered in India in 2011.<ref name=india/> Incidents of dowry deaths during the year 2008 (8,172) have increased by 14.4 per cent over the 1998 level (7,146),<ref>[http://ncrb.nic.in/cii2008/Statistics2008.pdf&Page=17 Point No.17, Dowry Deaths] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110628215223/http://ncrb.nic.in/cii2008/Statistics2008.pdf |date=2011-06-28 }}</ref> while India's population grew at 17.6% over the 10-year period.<ref>[http://censusindia.gov.in/PopulationFinder/Population_Finder.aspx Decadal Growth Rates in India] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131005084213/http://censusindia.gov.in/PopulationFinder/Population_Finder.aspx |date=2013-10-05 }} Census of India, Government of India, New Delhi (2012)</ref> The accuracy of these figures have received a great deal of scrutiny from critics who believe dowry deaths are consistently under-reported.<ref>{{cite web|last=Caleekal|first=Anuppa|title=Dowry Death|url=http://digitalism.org/artdoc/ddeath.html|access-date=2012-01-05}}</ref>

Dowry deaths in India are not limited to any specific religion.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/special-report/story/19880630-dowry-related-deaths-break-religious-caste-geographical-barriers-797424-1988-06-30|title=Dowry-related deaths break religious, caste and geographical barriers|date=June 30, 1988|first=David|last=Devadas|website=India Today|language=en|access-date=2019-02-12}}</ref>

===Prohibition===
The ''[[Dowry Prohibition Act]]'' of 1961 prohibits the request, payment or acceptance of a dowry, "as consideration for the marriage", where "dowry" is defined as a gift demanded or given as a precondition for a marriage. Gifts given without a precondition are not considered dowry, and are legal. Asking or giving of dowry can be punished by an imprisonment of up to six months, or a fine of up to {{INRConvert|5000|to=USD GBP AUD}}. It replaced several pieces of anti-dowry legislation that had been enacted by various Indian states.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://indiacode.nic.in/rsPaging.asp?tfnm=196128&Page=1|title=Section 1-4, Dowry Act|website=indiacode.nic.in|access-date=10 April 2018}}</ref> Murder and suicide under compulsion are addressed by India's criminal penal code.

Indian women's rights activists campaigned for more than 40 years for laws to contain dowry deaths, such as the ''Dowry Prohibition Act'' 1961 and the more stringent [[Dowry law in India#IPC Section 498A|Section 498a of Indian Penal Code]] (enacted in 1983). Under the ''[[Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act 2005]]'' (PWDVA), a woman can put a stop to the dowry harassment by approaching a domestic violence protection officer. After conducting field research, [[Shalu Nigam]] questioned the effectiveness of these laws, writing, "courts frequently ended up offering them compulsory counseling, which entails undesired results and narrow options," and noting "Laws could neither address the immediate needs of victims nor could offer practical remedies in terms of medical aid, short-stay homes, creche facilities, psychological support, shelter homes or economic or material assistance to the women which they need the most."<ref name="Nigam 2020">{{cite book |last1=Nigam |first1=Shalu |title=Women and Domestic Violence Law in India: A Quest for Justice |date=2020 |publisher=Routledge |location=London |isbn=978-1-138-36614-5 |pages=1–2 |url=https://www.academia.edu/49357692 |access-date=30 July 2021}}</ref>

Although Indian laws against dowries have been in effect for decades, they have been largely criticised as being ineffective.<ref>{{Cite journal|title = Practical Steps towards Eliminating Dowry and Bride-Burning in India|last = Manchandia|first = Purna|journal = Tul. J. Int'l & Comp. L. |volume=13 |pages=305–319 |year=2005}}</ref> The practice of dowry deaths and murders continues to take place unchecked in many parts of India and this has further added to the concerns of enforcement.<ref>{{Cite journal|title = A "Lesser" Crime: A Comparative Study of Legal Defenses for Men Who Kill Their Wives|last = Spatz|first = Melissa|journal = Colum. J. L. & Soc. Probs. |volume=24 |pages=597, 612 |date=1991 }}</ref>

==Pakistan==
In Pakistan, the giving and expectation of a dowry (called ''Jahez'') is part of the culture, with over 95% of marriages in every region of Pakistan involving transfer of a dowry from the bride's family to a groom's family.<ref>[http://www.popcouncil.org/pdfs/ayp0102.pdf Zeba Sathar, Cynthia Lloyd, et al. (2001–2002) "Adolescents and Youth in Pakistan"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140312003405/http://www.popcouncil.org/pdfs/ayp0102.pdf |date=2014-03-12 }} pp.92–116, Population Council (with support from UNICEF)</ref>

Dowry deaths have been rising in Pakistan for decades.<ref>Yasmeen, S. (1999) "Islamisation and democratisation in Pakistan: Implications for women and religious minorities", ''South Asia Journal of South Asian Studies'' 22(s1), pages 183–195 {{doi|10.1080/00856408708723381}}</ref><ref>[http://pide.org.pk/pdr/index.php/pdr/article/viewFile/1235/1208 Ibraz, T. S., Fatima, A., & Aziz, N. (1993) "Uneducated and Unhealthy: The Plight of Women in Pakistan"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141107213644/http://pide.org.pk/pdr/index.php/pdr/article/viewFile/1235/1208 |date=2014-11-07 }} [with Comments], ''The Pakistan Development Review'' Vol.32 No.4 pp.905–915</ref><ref>{{cite journal | pmc = 1414670 | pmid=16633458 | volume=3 | issue=1 | title=Women's mental health in Pakistan | journal=World Psychiatry | pages=60–2 | last1 = Niaz | first1 = U| year=2004 }}</ref> Dowry-related violence and deaths have been widespread since Pakistan became an independent nation in 1947.<ref>[http://ro.uow.edu.au/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1042&context=hbspapers Hussain, R. (1999) "Community perceptions of reasons for preference for consanguineous marriages in Pakistan"], ''Journal of Biosocial Science'' Vol.31 No.4 pp.449–461</ref><ref>{{cite journal | url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/347333 | jstor=347333 | doi=10.2307/347333 | title=Attitudes of Pakistani Students toward Family Life | last1=Shah | first1=Khalida | journal=Marriage and Family Living | date=1960 | volume=22 | issue=2 | pages=156–161 | url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/41601392 | jstor=41601392 | title=Age and Social State at Marriage, Karachi, Pakistan 1961-64 and 1980: A Comparative Study | last1=Korson | first1=J. Henry | last2=Sabzwari | first2=M. A. | journal=Journal of Comparative Family Studies | date=1984 | volume=15 | issue=2 | pages=257–279 | doi=10.3138/jcfs.15.2.257 | url-access=subscription }}</ref> Pakistan is predicted to have nearly 2,000 dowry-related deaths per year.<ref>[http://www.refworld.org/pdfid/4e4213da2.pdf Operational Note: Pakistan] Refworld, A United Nations initiative (August 2011), see pages 16–21</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/21365/|title=To estimate an equation explaining the determinants of Dowry|first1=Subhani, Muhammad|last1=Imtiaz|first2=Afza|last2=Sarwat|date=10 April 2018|website=mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de|access-date=10 April 2018}}</ref>

There is some controversy on the dowry death rates in Pakistan. Some publications suggest Pakistan officials do not record dowry deaths, and that the death rates are culturally under-reported and may be significantly higher.{{Cn|date=October 2024}} For example, Nasrullah reports total average annual stove burn rates of 33 per 100,000 women in Pakistan, of which 49% were intentional, or an average annual rate of about 16 per 100,000 women.<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Nasrullah | last2 = Muazzam | year = 2010 | title = Newspaper reports: a source of surveillance for burns among women in Pakistan | journal = Journal of Public Health | volume = 32 | issue = 2| pages = 245–249 | doi = 10.1093/pubmed/fdp102| pmid = 19892782| doi-access = free }}</ref><ref>[http://womensenews.org/story/domestic-violence/021027/pakistans-fiery-shame-women-die-stove-deaths Juliette Terzieff (October 27, 2002) "Pakistan's Fiery Shame: Women Die in Stove Deaths"] ''[[WeNews]]'', New York</ref><ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Miller | first1 = B. D. | year = 1984 | title = Daughter neglect, women's work, and marriage: Pakistan and Bangladesh compared"] | journal = Medical Anthropology | volume = 8 | issue = 2| pages = 109–126 | doi = 10.1080/01459740.1984.9965895 | pmid = 6536850 }}</ref>

Pakistan's ''Dowry and Marriage Gifts (Restriction) Bill'', 2008, restricts dowry to PKR 30,000 (~US$300) while the total value of bridal gifts is limited to PKR 50,000.<ref>[https://www.nation.com.pk/09-Jun-2013/done-to-a-daughter-over-dowry Ashraf Javed (June 9, 2013) "Done to a daughter over dowry"], ''The Nation'' (Pakistan)</ref> The law made demands for a dowry by the groom's family illegal, as well as public display of dowry before or during the wedding. However, this and similar anti-dowry laws of 1967, 1976 and 1998, as well as ''Family Court Act'' of 1964 have proven to be unenforceable. Activists such as SACHET, Pakistan claim the police refuse to register and prosecute allegations of dowry-related domestic violence and fatal injuries.<ref name="sachet">[http://www.sachet.org.pk/web/page.asp?id=293 (2006) Fight Against Dowry] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141108002609/http://www.sachet.org.pk/web/page.asp?id=293|date=November 8, 2014}}, SACHET (Pakistan); also see Dr. A.Q. Khan's July 2003 foreword on widespread Dowry problems to the Prime Minister of Pakistan</ref>

==Bangladesh==

In Bangladesh, dowry is called ''joutuk'' (Bengali: যৌতুক), and a significant cause of deaths as well. Between 0.6 and 2.8 brides per year per 100,000 women are reported to die because of dowry-related violence in recent years.<ref>Shahnaz Huda (2006), [http://sar.sagepub.com/content/26/3/249.short Dowry in Bangladesh: Compromizing Women's Rights] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150426235719/http://sar.sagepub.com/content/26/3/249.short |date=2015-04-26 }}, South Asia Research, November vol. 26 no. 3, pages 249–268</ref><ref>[http://www.dhakacourier.com.bd/?p=4592 Women's Safety: Ghosts on the Prowl] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141109202405/http://www.dhakacourier.com.bd/?p=4592 |date=November 9, 2014 }} Mahfuzur Rahman, Dhaka Courier, January 26, 2012</ref> The methods of death include suicides, fire and other forms of domestic violence. In 2013, Bangladesh reported 4,470 women were victims of dowry-related violence over a 10-month period, or dowry violence victimized about 7.2 brides per year per 100,000 women in Bangladesh.<ref name=UNBangladeshDowry>UN Women, [http://www.unwomen.org/~/media/Headquarters/Attachments/Sections/CSW/59/National_reviews/Bangladesh_review_Beijing20.pdf Bangladesh Report 2014 – Annexes]{{Dead link|date=March 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} United Nations (May 2014), Table 6 page xiii</ref>

==Iran==
Dowry is an ancient custom of Persia, and locally called ''jahâz'' (sometimes spelled ''jahiziyeh'').<ref>[http://dsalsrv02.uchicago.edu/cgi-bin/philologic/contextualize.pl?p.2.steingass.125920 Steingass Persian-English] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170324105426/http://dsalsrv02.uchicago.edu/cgi-bin/philologic/contextualize.pl?p.2.steingass.125920 |date=2017-03-24 }}, University of Chicago, See explanation for Jahiz</ref><ref>[http://www.aryanpour.com/ Persian English Dictionary] see Dowry</ref> Dowry-related violence and deaths in Iran are reported in Iranian newspapers, some of which appear in English media.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20141109181720/http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/tehranbureau/2010/08/selected-headlines-202.html Isfahan man kills daughter over inability to pay dowry] Public Broadcasting Service, Washington DC (August 16, 2010)</ref> Kiani et al., in a 2014 study, report dowry deaths in Iran.<ref name="Kiani 2014"/> Iranian director [[Maryam Zahirimehr]]'s 2018 film "Endless?" addresses trauma related to a dowry death in Iran.<ref>{{cite web|last=King|first=Loren|title=Boston Globe Summiting Provincetown to address sexual harassment, racism, and pay disparity in the entertainment industry|website=[[The Boston Globe]] |url=https://www.bostonglobe.com/arts/movies/2018/03/29/summiting-provincetown-address-sexual-harassment-racism-and-pay-disparity-entertainment-industry/PmMebW1XQFZKrsmrpifmsL/story.html|access-date=21 January 2019|date=29 March 2018}}</ref>

==International efforts at eradication==
Reports of incidents of dowry deaths have attracted public interest and sparked a global activist movement seeking to end the practice. Of this activist community, the [[United Nations]] (UN) has played a pivotal role in combating violence against women, including dowry deaths.

===United Nations===
The United Nations has been an advocate for women's rights since its inception in 1945, explicitly stating so in its Charter's Preamble,<ref>{{cite web|title=Charter of the United Nations: Preamble |url=https://www.un.org/en/documents/charter/preamble.shtml |publisher=United Nations |access-date=2012-09-04 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121005192604/http://www.un.org/en/documents/charter/preamble.shtml |archive-date=2012-10-05 }}</ref> the [[Universal Declaration of Human Rights]]<ref>{{cite web|title=The Universal Declaration of Human Rights|url=https://www.un.org/en/documents/udhr|publisher=United Nations|access-date=2012-09-04}}</ref> (adopted in 1948), the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights<ref>{{cite web|title=International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights|url=http://www2.ohchr.org/english/law/ccpr.html|publisher=Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights|access-date=2012-09-04}}{{dead link|date=September 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> (adopted in 1966), the [[International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights]]<ref>{{cite web|title=International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights |url=http://www2.ohchr.org/english/law/cescr.htm |publisher=Office of the United Nations High Commissioner on Human Rights |access-date=2012-09-04 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120303114220/http://www2.ohchr.org/english/law/cescr.htm |archive-date=2012-03-03 }}</ref> (also adopted in 1966) (these three documents are known collectively as the [[International Bill of Rights]]<ref>{{cite web|title=International Law|url=http://www2.ohchr.org/english/law|publisher=Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights|access-date=2012-09-04}}</ref>) and the [[Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women]] (CEDAW)<ref>{{cite web|title=Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women|url=https://www.un.org/womenwatch/daw/cedaw/text/econvention.htm|publisher=United Nations|access-date=2012-09-04}}</ref> (2012).

The [[United Nations Children's Fund]] (UNICEF), though predominately focused on improving the quality of education available to children globally, has also taken a proactive stance against dowry death. On March 9 ([[International Women's Day]]), 2009, at a press conference in Washington D.C., UNICEF's Executive Director, Ann M. Veneman, publicly condemned dowry deaths and the legislative systems which allow the culprits to go unpunished.<ref>{{cite web|title=Statement of UNICEF Executive Director Ann M. Veneman on International Women's Day|url=http://www.unicef.org/media/media_35134.html|publisher=UNICEF|access-date=2012-09-04|archive-date=2012-05-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120510065353/http://www.unicef.org/media/media_35134.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> In 2009, UNICEF launched its first Strategic Priority Action Plan for Gender Equality, which was followed by a second Action Plan in 2010. The aim of these plans has been to make gender equality a higher priority within all international UNICEF programs and functions.<ref>{{cite web|title=UNICEF Strategic Priority Action Plan for Gender Equality: 2010–2012|publisher=UNICEF|url=https://www.unicef.org/gender/files/Strategic_Priority_Action_Plan_for_Gender_Equality_2010-2012.pdf|access-date=2019-03-09|archive-date=2015-09-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150910041659/http://www.unicef.org/gender/files/Strategic_Priority_Action_Plan_for_Gender_Equality_2010-2012.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref>

===Private organizations===
[[Amnesty International]], in an effort to educate the public, has cited dowry deaths as a major contributor to global violence against women.<ref>{{cite web|title=Violence Against Women Information|url=http://www.amnestyusa.org/our-work/issues/women-s-rights/violence-against-women/violence-against-women-information|publisher=Amnesty International|access-date=2012-09-04}}</ref> Also, in their annual human rights evaluations, Amnesty International criticizes India for the occurrences of dowry deaths as well as the impunity provided to its perpetrators.<ref>{{cite web|title=India|url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/region/india|publisher=Amnesty International|access-date=2012-09-04|archive-date=2012-09-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120910222438/https://www.amnesty.org/en/region/india|url-status=dead}}</ref>

[[Human Rights Watch]] has also criticized the Indian government for its inability to make any progress towards eliminating dowry deaths and its lackluster performance for bringing its perpetrators to justice in 2011.<ref>{{cite web|title=India: Disappointing Year for Human Rights|url=https://www.hrw.org/news/2012/01/23/india-disappoint-year-human-rights|work=2012-09-04|publisher=Human Rights Watch|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141108100328/http://www.hrw.org/news/2012/01/23/india-disappoint-year-human-rights|archive-date=2014-11-08}}</ref> In 2004, the Global Fund for Women launched its "Now or Never" funding project. This campaign hopes to raise funds domestically and consequently finance the efforts of feminist organizations across the globe – including Indian women's rights activists. {{as of|2007}} the Now or Never fund has raised and distributed about $7 million.<ref>{{cite web|title=Her Majesty Queen Noor and Nancy Pelosi Join GFW to Announce Endowment for the World's Women|url=http://www.globalfundforwomen.org/impact/media-center/news-releases/45/157|publisher=Global Fund For Women|access-date=2012-09-04|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141108092436/http://www.globalfundforwomen.org/impact/media-center/news-releases/45/157|archive-date=2014-11-08}}</ref>

A relatively smaller organization, V-Day, has dedicated itself to ending violence against women. By arranging events such as plays, art shows, and workshops in communities and college campuses across the United States, V-Day raises funds and educates the public on topics of gender-based violence including dowry death.<ref>{{cite web|title=Dowry Deaths & Bride Burning|url=http://www.vday.org/bride+death|publisher=V-Day|access-date=2012-09-04|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130603074440/http://www.vday.org/bride+death|archive-date=2013-06-03}}</ref> Full-length plays on dowry deaths include 'The Bride Who Would Not Burn'.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=urRejbq8dbs|title=YouTube|website=www.youtube.com|access-date=10 April 2018}}{{cbignore}}{{Dead YouTube link|date=February 2022}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[Bride burning]]
* [[Domestic violence in India]]
* [[Dowry system in India]]
* [[Kerala snakebite murder]]

==References==
{{reflist|3}}

==Further reading==
* ''Dowry Murder: The Imperial Origins of a Cultural Crime'', by Veena Talwar Oldenburg. Published by Oxford University Press, 2002.
* ''Dowry and Protection to Married Women'', by Paras Diwan, Peeyushi Diwan. Published by Deep & Deep Publications, 1987.
* ''Crime in Marriages, a Broad Spectrum'', by Poornima Advani. Published by Gopushi Publishers, 1994.
* ''Encyclopaedia of violence against women and dowry death in India'', by Kalpana Roy. Published by Anmol Publications PVT. LTD., 1999. {{ISBN|81-261-0343-4}}.
* ''Dowry Death in India'', by Geetanjali Mukherjee. Published by Indian Publishers Distributors, 1999. {{ISBN|81-7341-091-7}}.
* ''Dowry Death'', by Kamakshya Prasad, Jawaid Ahmad Khan, Hari Nath Upadhyaya. Published by Modern Law Publications, 2000. {{ISBN|81-87629-04-5}}.
* ''Women in South Asia: Dowry Death and Human Rights Violations'', by Pramod Kumar Mishra. Published by Authorspress, 2000. {{ISBN|81-7273-039-X}}.
* ''Dowry murder: the imperial origins of a cultural crime'', by Veena Talwar Oldenburg. Published by Oxford University Press US, 2002. {{ISBN|0-19-515071-6}}.
* ''Death by Fire: Sati, Dowry, Death, and Female Infanticide in Modern India'', by Mala Sen. Published by Rutgers University Press, 2002. {{ISBN|0-8135-3102-0}}.

==External links==
* [https://www.un.org/womenwatch/daw/egm/vaw-gp-2005/docs/experts/kishwar.dowry.pdf Article by women's activist Madhu Kishwar]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20071006005130/http://ncrb.nic.in/crime2005/cii-2005/CHAP3.pdf Indian National Crime Bureau Data on Dowry Deaths]
* [http://www.indiatime.com/category/dowry/ Indian newspaper articles on Dowry Deaths]
* [http://ncw.nic.in – National Commission for Women, (NCW) India]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20121018060558/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2007-08-31/nagpur/27979449_1_dowry-jewellery-shop-girl Death of two women due to dowry demands]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20080706182022/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/asia/article2163488.ece Leaders of community call for an end to lavish wedding celebrations]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20061201110803/http://www.weeklystandard.com/Content/Public/Articles/000/000/013/015sjlle.asp Dowry Disgrace and Suicides]
* [http://www.tribuneindia.com/2007/20070528/main4.htm Most dowry victims in State of Punjab(India) are poisoned]

{{Social issues in India}}
{{Violence against women/end}}
{{Masculinism}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Dowry Death}}
[[Category:Domestic violence]]
[[Category:Femicide]]
[[Category:Violence against women in India]]
[[Category:Women's rights in India]]
[[Category:Marriage in India]]
[[Category:Causes of death]]

56th International Film Festival of India

2026-03-12T17:27:21Z

WilheminaJanzen: Made a info v1

{{short description|2025 Indian film festival}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2025}}
{{Infobox Film festival
| name = 56th International Film Festival of India
| image = 56th International Film Festival of India.png
| caption = Official poster
| opening = ''[[The Blue Trail]]'' by [[Gabriel Mascaro]]
| closing = ''[[A Useful Ghost]]''
| location = Dr. Shyama Prasad Mukherjee Indoor Stadium at [[Panaji]], [[Goa]], India
| founded = 1952
| awards = {{Plainlist|
*'''[[IFFI Best Film Award|Golden Peacock]]:''' ''Skin of Youth''
*'''Silver Peacock:'''
* '''[[IFFI Best Director Award|Best Director]]:''' Santosh Davakhar
* '''[[IFFI Best Actor Award (Male)|Best Actor]]:''' Ubeimar Ríos
* '''[[IFFI Best Actor Award (Female)|Best Actress]]:''' Jara Sofija Ostan
* '''[[IFFI Best Debut Director Award|Best Debut Film of a Director]]:''' Hesam Farahmand and Tõnis Pill
*'''[[IFFI Satyajit Ray Lifetime Achievement Award|Satyajit Ray Lifetime Achievement Award]]:'''
** [[Rajinikanth]]
*'''[[IFFI Indian Film Personality of the Year Award|Special Recognition for Contribution to Bharatiya Cinema Award]]:'''
** [[Nandamuri Balakrishna]]
}}
| host = {{Plainlist|
* [[Government of Goa]]
* [[Directorate of Film Festivals]]}}
| number = 240
| date = Opening: {{Start date|df=y|2025|11|20}} Closing: {{End date|df=y|2025|11|28}}
| website = {{URL|https://iffigoa.org/}}
| previous = [[55th International Film Festival of India|55th]]
| main = [[International Film Festival of India]]
| next = [[57th International Film Festival of India|57th]]
}}

The '''56th [[International Film Festival of India]]''' took place from 20 to 28 November 2025 at [[Panaji]], [[Goa]].<ref name="lead:pib">{{Cite news|url=https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2186678|title=IFFI 2025 Media Accreditation: Deadline Extended to 10th November|date=5 November 2025|access-date=7 November 2025|publisher=PIB |via=press release}}</ref> In place of its customary indoor stadium launch, the opening ceremony was presented this year as a carnival parade. The festival opened with the screening of 2025 dystopian drama film ''[[The Blue Trail]]'' by [[Gabriel Mascaro]].<ref name="ocp:variety">{{Cite news|url=https://variety.com/2025/film/markets-festivals/telugu-film-industry-international-film-festival-india-goan-carnival-1236586688/ |title=Telugu Film Industry Celebrated as International Film Festival of India Gets Off to Goan Carnival Start |author= Naman Ramachandran|work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |date= 20 November 2025 |access-date=20 November 2025 |language=en}}</ref> Indian film director and screenwriter [[Rakeysh Omprakash Mehra]] served as the chairperson of the International Jury. The festival presented more than 240 films from 81 countries, including 13 world premieres, 5 international premieres and 44 Asian premieres.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/iffi-to-showcase-over-240-films-from-81-nations-japan-as-focus-country-1915475 |title=IFFI to Showcase Over 240 Films from 81 Nations, Japan as Focus Country |date=7 November 2025|access-date=7 November 2025|website= [[Deccan Herald]] |language=en}}</ref>

Japan was designated as the 'Country of Focus' at the festival, and it will present six curated titles. In addition Spain will be the Partner Country, with Australia as the Spotlight Country.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/japan-country-of-focus-at-56th-international-film-festival-of-indi/cid/2131796 |title=Japan country of focus at 56th International Film Festival of India |date=7 November 2025|access-date=7 November 2025|website= [[The Telegraph (India)|Telegraph India]] |language=en}}</ref> The festival also celebrated centenaries and honoured cinematic legends such as [[Guru Dutt]], [[Raj Khosla]], [[Ritwik Ghatak]], [[P. Bhanumathi]], [[Bhupen Hazarika]], and [[Salil Chowdhury]] with special retrospectives of their works.

The closing ceremony on 28 November featured a felicitation of actor [[Rajinikanth]], recognizing his contributions to cinema over the past five decades. The festival concluded with the announcement of various awards. [[Golden Peacock]] for the best feature film was won by the Vietnamese transgender sex romance film ''Skin of Youth'' by Ash Mayfair.<ref name="awards56:variety"/> ''[[A Useful Ghost]]'', a Thai supernatural black comedy-drama by Ratchapoom Boonbunchachoke was screened as the closing film of the festival.<ref name="lead1:pib">{{Cite news|url=https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleaseIframePage.aspx?PRID=2187436 |title=IFFI 2025 to Embody Innovation and Inclusivity, Celebrate Women Filmmakers, New Talent and Creative Excellence in Cinema: Union Minister of State Dr. L. Murugan|date=7 November 2025|access-date=7 November 2025|publisher=PIB |via=press release}}</ref>

==Overview==
The 56th edition of the festival showcased 15 curated and competitive sections, including International Competition, Best Debut Feature Film, and the ICFT UNESCO Gandhi Medal. Special categories included featured categories viz: Macabre Dreams, Docu-Montage, Experimental cinema, UNICEF-supported films, and Restored classics. The Gala Premieres section included 18 films, featuring 13 world premieres and two Asia premieres. The Indian Panorama presented 25 feature films, 20 non-feature films, and five debut features. More than 50 films by women directors and over 50 debut works were shown in the international lineup. The festival also hosted 21 masterclasses.<ref name="ov:variety">{{Cite news|url=https://variety.com/2025/film/festivals/berlin-winner-the-blue-trail-india-iffi-1236573046/ |title=Berlin Winner ‘The Blue Trail’ to Open India’s IFFI; Fest to Feature Japan Focus, Aamir Khan Masterclass|author= Naman Ramachandran |work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|date= 8 November 2025 |access-date=9 November 2025 |language=en}}</ref>

==Opening and closing ceremonies==
===Opening ceremony===
For the first time in its history, the festival, departing from the tradition of hosting opening ceremony in enclosed venue. commenced with a carnival 26-float parade on 20 November 2025. It featured floats from production houses, state representatives, cultural groups, cinematic heritage and the world of animation. The parade proceeded through the lanes and alleyways of Panaji, Goa, reminiscent of its [[Carnival in Goa|carnival]]. Indian actor, film producer [[Nandamuri Balakrishna]] was felicitated at the parade for his outstanding contribution to Indian cinema.<ref name="ocp:pib">{{Cite news|url=https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2192289 |title=IFFI Steps onto the Streets: A Historic Parade Opens the 56th Edition|date=20 November 2025|access-date=21 November 2025|publisher=PIB |via=press release}}</ref>

===Closing ceremony===
The festival ended with a vibrant display of India’s cultural diversity, featuring folk traditions, classical dances from different regions, and performances by divyang artists. It concluded with the announcement of the awards and the screening of the Thai film ''[[A Useful Ghost]]'', directed by Ratchapoom Boonbunchachoke.<ref name="cc56:pib">{{Cite news|url=https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2196146&reg=3&lang=2 |title=56th IFFI comes to a close, but the magic of cinema will last forever!|date=28 November 2025|access-date=29 November 2025|publisher=PIB |via=press release}}</ref>

==Jury==
===International Jury===
[[File:Divya Dutta, Rakesh Omprakash Mehra at 49th IFFI.jpg|thumb|200px|[[Rakeysh Omprakash Mehra]], Chairman of jury]]
* [[Rakeysh Omprakash Mehra]], Indian film director, occasional actor and screenwriter, Chairperson
* [[Graeme Clifford]], Australian film director
* [[Remi Adefarasin]], English cinematographer
* [[Katharina Schüttler]], German television and film actress
* [[Chandran Rutnam]], Sri Lankan filmmaker and entrepreneur

===ICFT UNESCO Gandhi Medal jury===

* [[Ahmed Bedjaoui]], artistic director of the International Film Festival of Algiers, chairperson
* Xueyan Hun, Platform for Creativity and Innovation, CICT-ICFT youth branch
* Serge Michel, vice president of UNICA;
* Tobias Biancone, former director-general of the International Theatre Institute
* [[Georges Dupont]], director-general of ICFT and former senior international civil servant at UNESCO

===Feature film jury===

* [[Raja Bundela]], Indian actor, producer, politician and civil activist, chairperson
* Malay Ray, Cinematographer
* Subhash Sehgal, film editor
* Jadumani Dutta, filmmaker
* Krishna Hebbal, actor
* Kamlesh K Mishra, filmmaker
* [[Arun Bakshi]], actor, singer
* Asim Sinha, actor
* Ashok Sharan, producer
* Sukumar Jatania, cinematographer
* B S Basavaraju, cinematographer

===Non-feature film jury===
* Dharam Gulati, Cinematographer, chairperson
*Anjali Panjabi, Filmmaker & Producer
* [[Bobby Sarma Baruah]], Filmmaker
*Rekha Gupta, Film Critic and Film Curator
*Ashok Cashyap, Film Producer, Filmmaker and Cinematographer
*A. Karthik Raaja, Cinematographer
* Jyotsana Garg, Filmmaker

===Web Series jury===

* [[Bharat Bala|Bharatbala Ganapathy]], Indian film filmmaker-producer – Chairperson
* R Mahendran, Producer
* Munjal Shroff, Director and Producer
* [[Rajeshwari Sachdev]], Actor
* Sekhar Kumar Das, Writer and Director

==Screening venues==

The following venues will host the festival screenings.

* Inox Panjim,
* Maquinez Palace
* Inox Porvorim
* Z-Square Samrat Ashok
* Ravindra Bhavan Madgaon
* Open-air screenings
** Miramar Beach
** [[Ravindra Bhavan, Margao]]
** Vagator Beach (Helipad)

==Official selection==

===Opening midfest and closing films===
The opening and closing films of the festival are:<ref name="open:sd">{{cite web |url=https://www.screendaily.com/news/international-film-festival-of-india-announces-opening-film-main-selection-and-masterclasses/5210736.article |title=International Film Festival of India announces opening film, main selection and masterclasses |author= Patrick Frater|date=7 November 2025 |access-date=10 November 2025 |website=[[ScreenDaily]] |language=en}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%; margin-bottom:2px"
|-
! English title
! Original title
! Director(s)
! Production countrie(s)
|-
! colspan="5" style="background:#91A3B0"|Opening film
|-
| ''[[The Blue Trail]]''
| ''O Último Azul''
| [[Gabriel Mascaro]]
| Brazil, Mexico, Chile, Netherlands
|-
! colspan="5" style="background:#91A3B0"|Midfest film
|-
| colspan="2" | ''[[Sirāt]]''|| [[Oliver Laxe]]||Spain, France
|-
! colspan="4" style="background:#91A3B0"|Closing film
|-
| ''[[A Useful Ghost]]''||ผีใช้ได้ค่ะ|| Ratchapoom Boonbunchachoke||Thailand, France, Singapore, Germany
|-
|}

===International competition ===

15 feature films will compete for the [[Golden Peacock]] award.<ref name="ic:variety">{{Cite news|url=https://variety.com/2025/film/festivals/miike-takashi-sham-golden-peacock-india-iffi-1236573068/ |title=Miike Takashi’s ‘Sham,’ Rajkumar Periasamy’s ‘Amaran’ to Compete for Golden Peacock at India’s IFFI|author= Naman Ramachandran |work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|date= 8 November 2025 |access-date=9 November 2025 |language=en}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%; margin-bottom:4px"
|-
!scope="col" | English title
!scope="col" | Original title
!scope="col" | Director(s)
!scope="col" | Production countrie(s)
|-
| ''[[Amaran (2024 film)|Amaran]]''
| Tamil
| Rajkumar Periasamy
| [[Raaj Kamal Films International]]
|-
| colspan="2" | ''[[Amrum (film)|Amrum]]''|| [[Fatih Akin]]||Germany
|-
| ''[[C'est Si Bon!]]'' ||Moi qui t'aimais
| [[Diane Kurys]]
| France
|-
|''[[Gondhal]]''
| गोंधळ
| Santosh Davakhar
| India
|-
| ''[[Little Trouble Girls]]''
| ''Kaj ti je deklica''
| Urška Djukić
| Slovenia, Italy, Croatia, Serbia
|-
| ''[[Mosquitoes (film)|Mosquitoes]]''
| ''Le Bambine''
| Valentina Bertani and Nicole Bertani
| Italy, Switzerland, France
|-
| colspan="2" | ''[[Mother's Baby]]''
| Johanna Moder
| Austria, Switzerland, Germany
|-
| colspan="2" | ''[[My Father's Shadow]]'' || [[Akinola Davies Jr.]]||United Kingdom, Ireland, Nigeria
|-
|''[[A Poet (film)|A Poet]]''
|{{lang|es|Un Poeta}}
|[[Simón Mesa Soto]]
|Colombia, Germany, Sweden
|-
| ''[[Renoir (2025 film)|Renoir]]''
|{{lang|ja|ルノワール}}|| [[Chie Hayakawa]]||Japan, Australia, France, Singapore, Philippines, Indonesia
|-
| colspan="2" |''[[Sarkeet]]''
| Thamar KV
| India
|-
| colspan="2" |''Sham''
| [[Takashi Miike]]
| Japan
|-style="background:#eedd82"
| ''Skin of Youth''
| Ồn Ào Tuổi Trẻ
| Ash Mayfair
| Vietnam, Singapore, Japan
|-
| colspan="2" |''Songs of Adam''
| [[Oday Rasheed]]
| Iraq
|-
| colspan="2" |''The Visual Feminist Manifesto''
| Farida Baqi
| Syria, Lebanon, Germany
|-
|}

===Best Debut Feature Film of a Director===

This section will feature seven first-time filmmakers from the world of cinema.<ref name="bdf:variety">{{Cite news|url=https://variety.com/2025/film/festivals/shape-of-momo-fury-iffi-debut-film-prize-1236573028/ |title=‘Shape of Momo,’ ‘Fury’ Among Contenders for IFFI Goa’s Best Debut Feature Prize|author= Naman Ramachandran |work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|date= 8 November 2025 |access-date=9 November 2025 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="dd:pib">{{Cite news|url=https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2188117|title=IFFI 2025 Showcases Seven Debut Masterpieces from India and Around the World|date=9 November 2025|access-date=9 November 2025|publisher=PIB |via=press release}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%; margin-bottom:4px"
|-
!scope="col" | English title
!scope="col" | Original title
!scope="col" | Director(s)
!scope="col" | Production countrie(s)
|-
|''[[Ata Thambaycha Naay!]]''
|आता थांबायचं नाय!
| Shivraj Waichal
| India
|-
| ''[[The Devil Smokes (and Saves the Burnt Matches in the Same Box)]]''
|''El diablo fuma (y guarda las cabezas de los cerillos quemados en la misma caja)''
| Ernesto Martínez Bucio
| Mexico
|-
| ''[[Fury (2025 film)|Fury]]''
| La furia
|Gemma Blasco
|Spain
|-
| colspan=2|''Fränk''
| Tõnis Pill
| Estonia
|-
| colspan=2|''[[Karla (2025 film)|Karla]]''
| Christina Tournatzés
| Germany
|-
| ''[[Raha (film)|My Daughter’s Hair]]''
| رها
| Hesam Farahmand
| Iran
|-
| colspan=2|''[[Shape of Momo]]''
| Tribeny Rai
| India
|-
|}

=== ICFT UNESCO Gandhi Medal===
10 films are competing for the [[IFFI ICFT UNESCO Gandhi Medal]]:<ref name="icft:variety">{{Cite news|url=https://variety.com/2025/film/festivals/cannes-winner-presidents-cake-gandhi-medal-iffi-goa-1236572997/ |title=Cannes Winner ‘The President’s Cake’ Among 10 Films Competing for ICFT-UNESCO Gandhi Medal at India’s IFFI Goa Festival |author= Naman Ramachandran |work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|date= 7 November 2025 |access-date=8 November 2025 |language=en}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%; margin-bottom:4px"
|-
!scope="col" | English title
!scope="col" | Original title
!scope="col" | Director(s)
!scope="col" | Production countrie(s)
|-
| colspan="2" scope="row" |''[[Brides (2025 film)|Brides]]''
|[[Nadia Fall]]
|United Kingdom
|-
| colspan=2|''Hana''
| Ujkan Hysaj
| Kosovo
|-
| ''[[In Search of the Sky]]'' || ''Vimukt'' || Jitank Singh Gurjar || India
|-
| colspan=2|''K Poper''
| Ebrahim Amini
| Iran
|-
| ''[[The President's Cake]]''
| {{lang|ar|مملكة القصب}}
| Hasan Hadi
| Iraq, Qatar, United States
|-style="background:#eedd82"
| colspan=2|''Safe House''
| Eirik Svensson
| Norway
|-
| colspan=2|''[[Tanvi the Great]]''
| [[Anupam Kher]]
| India
|-
| ''[[The Wave (2025 film)|The Wave]]'' || {{lang|es|La ola}}|| [[Sebastián Lelio]]||Chile, United States
|-
| colspan=2|''White Snow''
| [[Praveen Morchhale]]
| India
|-
|''[[Yakushima's Illusion]]''
|''L'Illusion de Yakushima''
| [[Naomi Kawase]]
| France, Japan, Belgium, Luxembourg
|-
|}

===From The Festivals - 2025===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%; margin-bottom:4px"
|-
!scope="col" | English title
!scope="col" | Original title
!scope="col" | Director(s)
!scope="col" | Production countrie(s)
|-
| colspan=2| ''[[Black Rabbit, White Rabbit]]''
| [[Shahram Mokri]]
| Tajikistan, United Arab Emirates
|-
| ''[[The Blue Trail]]''
| ''O Último Azul''
| [[Gabriel Mascaro]]
| Brazil, Mexico, Chile, Netherlands
|-
| ''[[Dreams (Sex Love)]]''
| ''Drømmer''
| [[Dag Johan Haugerud]]
| Norway
|-
| colspan="2" |''[[Father Mother Sister Brother]]''
| [[Jim Jarmusch]]
| United States, Ireland, France
|-
| ''[[Fiume o morte!]]''
| ''Rijeka''
| Igor Bezinović
| Croatia, Italy, Slovenia
|-
| ''[[Gloaming in Luomu]]''
| 罗目的黄昏
| [[Zhang Lü]]
| China
|-
| ''[[It Was Just an Accident]]'' || {{lang|fa|یک تصادف ساده}}|| [[Jafar Panahi]]||Iran, France, Luxembourg
|-
| ''Katanga: The Dance of the Scorpions''
| Katanga - La danse des scorpions
| [[Dani Kouyaté]]
| Burkina Faso
|-
| colspan="2" | ''[[Kontinental '25]]''
| [[Radu Jude]]
| Romania, Brazil, Switzerland, United Kingdom, Luxembourg
|-
|''[[Magellan (film)|Magellan]]''
|{{lang|pt|Magalhães}}
|[[Lav Diaz]]
|Portugal, Spain, Philippines, France
|-
| colspan="2" | ''[[The Mastermind (2025 film)|The Mastermind]]''|| [[Kelly Reichardt]]||United States, United Kingdom
|-
| ''[[The Message (2025 film)|The Message]]''
| ''El mensaje''
| [[Iván Fund]]
| Argentina, Spain
|-
| colspan="2"|''[[Miroirs No. 3]]''
| [[Christian Petzold (director)|Christian Petzold]]
| Germany
|-
| ''[[No Other Choice]]'' || 어쩔수가없다 || [[Park Chan-wook]] || South Korea
|-
| ''[[Sentimental Value]]''|| {{lang|no|Affeksjonsverdi}} || [[Joachim Trier]]||Norway, France, Germany, Denmark, Sweden, United Kingdom
|-
| colspan="2" | ''[[Sirāt]]''|| [[Oliver Laxe]]||Spain, France
|-
|''[[Sound of Falling]]''
|{{lang|de|In die Sonne schauen}} ||[[Mascha Schilinski]] ||Germany
|-
| colspan="2" |''[[White Snail]]''
| Elsa Kremser and Levin Peter
| Austria, Germany
|-
| ''[[Woman and Child]]''
|زن و بچه || [[Saeed Roustayi]]||Iran, France, Germany
|-
|}

=== Indian Panorama ===
In Indian Panorama feature and non-feature films of cinematic, thematic, and aesthetic excellence are selected for the promotion of film art through the non-profit screening of these films under different categories.<ref name="ip:variety">{{Cite news|url=https://variety.com/2025/film/festivals/sivakarthikeyan-amaran-indian-panorama-iffi-1236573075/ |title=Sivakarthikeyan Starrer ‘Amaran’ to Open Indian Panorama at IFFI|author= Naman Ramachandran |work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|date= 8 November 2025 |access-date=9 November 2025 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="ipano:pib">{{Cite news|url=https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2187868|title=Indian Panorama-2025 Official Selection and nomination for Best Web-Series (OTT) Award -2025 for 56th IFFI, 2025|date=8 November 2025|access-date=10 November 2025|publisher=PIB |via=press release}}</ref>

==== Feature films ====
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%; margin-bottom:4px"
|-
!scope="col" | Title of the Film
!scope="col" | Language
!scope="col" | Director(s)
!scope="col" | Producer(s)
|-
| ''[[Amaran (2024 film)|Amaran]]'' ({{small|Opening film}})
| Tamil
| Rajkumar Periasamy
| [[Raaj Kamal Films International]]
|-
|''[[Gondhal]]''
| गोंधळ
| Santosh Davakhar
| India
|-
| ''[[Sarkeet]]''
| Malayalam
| Thamar KV
| Ajith Vinayaka Films
|-
| ''[[In Search of the Sky|Vimukt]]''
| Braj-language
| Jitank Singh Gurjar
| Canvas Creation
|-
| ''[[The Bengal Files]]''
| Hindi
| Vivek Ranjan Agnihotri
| Abhishek Agarwal Arts
|-
| ''Oitharei''
| Manipuri
| Dinesh Naorem
| Gibanlata Thokchom
|-
| ''Maliput Melodies ''
| Odia
| Vishal Patnaik
| Kaustav Dreamworks Studios
|-
|}

==== Mainstream Cinema Section ====

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%; margin-bottom:4px"
|-
!scope="col" | Title of the Film
!scope="col" | Language
!scope="col" | Director(s)
!scope="col" | Producer(s)
|-
| ''[[Ata Thambaycha Naay!]]''
| Marathi
| Shivraj Waichal
| Chalk and Cheese Films
|-
| ''[[Chhaava]]''
| Hindi
| [[Laxman Utekar]]
| [[Maddock Films]]
|-
| ''Sikaar''
| Assamese
| Debangkar Borgohain
| Unicorn Motion Pictures
|-
| ''[[Sankranthiki Vasthunam]]''
| Telugu
| [[Anil Ravipudi]]
| Sri Venkateswara Creations
|-
| ''[[Thudarum]]''
| Malayalam
| [[Tharun Moorthy]]
| Rejaputhra Visual Media
|-
|}

==== Non-feature Films ====
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%; margin-bottom:4px"
|-
!scope="col" | Title of the Film
!scope="col" | Language
!scope="col" | Director(s)
|-
| ''Aanirai''
| Tamil
| E. V. Ganesh Babu
|-
| ''Battlefield''
| Manipuri
| Borun Thokchom
|-
| ''Chambal''
| Hindi
| Anhad Mishra
|-
| ''Kakori'' ({{small|Opening film}})
| Hindi
| Kamlesh K. Mishra
|-
| ''[[Nilgiris - A Shared Wilderness]]''
| English, Tamil
| [[Sandesh Kadur]]
|-
| ''Ummathat''
| Kodava
| [[Prakash Kariappa]]
|-
|}

====Best Debut Director====

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%; margin-bottom:4px"
|-
!scope="col" | English title
!scope="col" | Original title
!scope="col" | Director(s)
!scope="col" | Production countrie(s)
|-
|-
| colspan=2|''A.R.M''
| Jithin Lal
| India
|-
| colspan=2|''Committee Kurrollu''
| Yadhu Vamsee
| India
|-
| colspan=2|''[[Shape of Momo]]''
| Tribeny Rai
| India
|-
| ''[[Binodiini (film)|Binodiini]]''
| Binodiini: Ekti Natir Upakhyan
| [[Ram Kamal Mukherjee]]
| India
|-
|}

===Best Web Series OTT===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%; margin-bottom:4px"
|-
!scope="col" | English title
!scope="col" | Original title
!scope="col" | Director(s)
!scope="col" | Network
|-
| colspan=2|''[[Bandish Bandits]]'' (Season 2)
| [[Anand Tiwari]]
| [[Prime Video]]
|-
| colspan=2|''[[Black Warrant (TV series)|Black Warrant]]''
| [[Vikramaditya Motwane]]
| [[Netflix]]
|-
| colspan=2|''[[Paatal Lok]]'' (Season 2)
| [[Avinash Arun]]
| [[Prime Video]]
|-
| colspan=2|''[[Suzhal: The Vortex]]'' (Season 2)
| [[Bramma G.]]
| [[Prime Video]]
|-
|}

===Docu–Montage===

This section comprises documentaries & docu-drama.

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%; margin-bottom:4px"
|-
!scope="col" | English title
!scope="col" | Original title
!scope="col" | Director(s)
!scope="col" | Production countrie(s)
|-
| colspan=2|''And There Was Evening And There Was Morning. The First Day''
|[[Youhanna Nagy]]
| Egypt
|-
|''[[Below the Clouds]]''
|''Sotto le nuvole''
|[[Gianfranco Rosi]]
| Italy
|-
| colspan=2|''Croma''
| Manuel Abramovich
| Argentina, Germany, Austria
|-
| colspan=2|''Forensics''
|Federico Atehortúa Arteaga
| Columbia
|-
| colspan=2|''Gods of Stone''
| Iván Castiñeiras Gallego
| Spain, France, Portugal
|-
| colspan=2|''Ku Handza''
| André Guiomar
| Portugal
|-
| colspan=2|''Lullaby for the Mountains''
| Hayk Matevosyan
| Armenia, United States
|-
| colspan=2|''Morichales''
| Chris Gude
| United States, Colombia
|-
|}

===Experimental Films – 2025===

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%; margin-bottom:4px"
|-
!scope="col" | English title
!scope="col" | Original title
!scope="col" | Director(s)
!scope="col" | Production countrie(s)
|-
| colspan=2|''Dreaming Is Not Sleeping''
| [[Rouzbeh Rashidi]]
| Ireland, Germany, Poland, and Denmark
|-
| colspan="2" |''[[Mare's Nest]]''
| [[Ben Rivers]]
| United Kingdom, France, Canada
|-
|}

===Rising Stars===

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%; margin-bottom:4px"
|-
!scope="col" | English title
!scope="col" | Original title
!scope="col" | Director(s)
!scope="col" | Production countrie(s)
|-
|colspan=2| ''[[Blue Heron (film)|Blue Heron]]'' || [[Sophy Romvari]] || Canada, Hungary
|-
| ''[[Living the Land]]''
| 生息之地
| Huo Meng
| China
|-
| ''[[Sand City (2025 film)|Sand City]]''
|
| [[Mahde Hasan]]
| Bangladesh
|-
|''[[Sweetheart (2025 film)|Sweetheart]]'' || ''Gioia mia'' || [[Margherita Spampinato]] || Italy
|-
|}

===Cinema of the World===
The following films were selected in this section:<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.iffigoa.org/international-cinema/2025/cinema-world |title=Cinema of the World - 2025 |date=7 November 2025|access-date=7 November 2025|website= [[International Film Festival of India]] |language=en}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%; margin-bottom:4px"
|-
!scope="col" | English title
!scope="col" | Original title
!scope="col" | Director(s)
!scope="col" | Production countrie(s)
|-
| ''[[Amoeba (2025 film)|Amoeba]]'' || 核 || Siyou Tan || Singapore, Netherlands, France, Spain, South Korea
|-
| ''Becoming''
| Vosten
| Zhannat Alshanova
| Kazakhstan
|-
| colspan="2"|''[[Calle Málaga]]''
| [[Maryam Touzani]]
| Morocco, France, Spain, Germany, Belgium
|-
| colspan="2"|''[[Calorie (film)|Calorie]]''
| [[Eisha Marjara]]
| Canada
|-
| colspan="2" | ''[[The Chronology of Water]]'' || [[Kristen Stewart]]||France, Latvia, United Kingdom, United States
|-
| colspan="2" |''[[DJ Ahmet]]''
|[[Georgi M. Unkovski]]
|North Macedonia, Czech Republic, Serbia, Croatia
|-
| colspan="2" |''[[Enzo (film)|Enzo]]''
| [[Robin Campillo]]
| France, Italy, Belgium
|-
| ''[[Girl (2025 film)|Girl]]''
| 女孩
| [[Shu Qi]]
| Taiwan, China
|-
| ''[[Girls on Wire]]''
| 想飞的女孩
| [[Vivian Qu]]
| China
|-
| ''[[In Pursuit of Spring]]''
| Bahorni quvib
| [[Ayub Shahobiddinov]]
| Uzbekistan
|-
| ''The Janitor''
| ''El Conserje''
| [[Mauro Mueller]] & David Figueroa García
| Mexico, Switzerland
|-
|''[[The Ivy (film)|The Ivy]]''
|''Hiedra''
|[[Ana Cristina Barragán]]
|Ecuador, Mexico, France, Spain
|-
|''[[The Last Viking (2025 film)|The Last Viking]]''
|''Den Sidste Viking''
|[[Anders Thomas Jensen]]
|Denmark, Sweden
|-
| ''[[Late Shift (film)|Late Shift]]''
| ''Heldin''
| [[Petra Volpe]]
| Switzerland, Germany
|-
| ''[[The Little Sister (2025 film)|The Little Sister]]''|| {{lang|fr|La Petite Dernière}} || [[Hafsia Herzi]]||France, Germany
|-
| colspan="2"|''[[Lucky Lu]]''
| [[Lloyd Lee Choi]]
| United States, Canada
|-
| colspan="2"|''Memory of Princess Mumbi''
| Damien Hauser
| Kenya, Switzerland
|-
| ''[[Phantoms of July]]''
| ''Sehnsucht in Sangerhausen''
| Julian Radlmaier
| Germany
|-
|''[[Rains Over Babel]]''
| ''Llueve sobre Babel''
|[[Gala del Sol]]
|Colombia, United States, Spain
|-
| colspan="2" |''[[Solomamma]]''
| [[Janicke Askevold]]
| Norway, Latvia, Lithuania, Denmark, Finland
|-
|}

===Gala Premiere===

The following films were selected in this section:<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://iffigoa.org/gala-premier/4th-edition |title=56th IFFI Gala Premiere |date=7 November 2025|access-date=9 November 2025|website= [[International Film Festival of India]] |language=en}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%; margin-bottom:4px"
|-
!scope="col" | English title
!scope="col" | Original title
!scope="col" | Director(s)
!scope="col" | Production countrie(s)
|-
| colspan="2"|''[[The Family Man (Indian TV series)|The Family Man]]'' (Season 3) || [[Raj & DK]] || India
|-
| colspan="2"|''Asambhav'' || [[Sachit Patil]], [[Pushkar Shrotri]] || India
|-
| colspan="2"|''[[Bindusagar (film)|Bindusagar]]'' || Abhishek Swain || India
|-
|colspan=2| ''[[1942: A Love Story]]'' (1994) || [[Vidhu Vinod Chopra]] || India
|-
|colspan=2| ''[[Sholay]]'' (1975) || [[Ramesh Sippy]] || India
|-
|colspan=2| ''[[120 Bahadur]]'' || Razneesh Ghai || India
|-
| colspan="2"|''[[Gustaakh Ishq]]'' || [[Vibhu Puri]] || India
|-
| colspan="2"|''Hanti Hanti Pa Pa'' || Arnab Middya || India
|-
| colspan=2|''[[Spying Stars]]''
| [[Vimukthi Jayasundara]]
| Sri Lanka, France, India
|-
| colspan=2|''[[Papa Buka]]''
| [[Dr. Biju]]
| Papua New Guinea, India
|-
| colspan=2|''[[Andhra King Taluka]]''
| Mahesh Babu Pachigolla
| India
|-
| colspan=2|''[[This Tempting Madness]]''
| Jennifer E. Montgomery
| United States
|-
| colspan=2|''[[Tere Ishk Mein]]''
| [[Aanand L. Rai]]
| India
|-
| colspan="2"|''Vadh 2'' || [[Jaspal Singh Sandhu]] || India
|-
|}

===Mission Life===

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%; margin-bottom:4px"
|-
!scope="col" | English title
!scope="col" | Original title
!scope="col" | Director(s)
!scope="col" | Production countrie(s)
|-
| ''[[Better Go Mad in the Wild]]'' ||''Raději zešílet v divočině''|| Miro Remo || Czech Republic, Slovakia
|-
| ''The Botanist''
| ''植物学家''
| Jing Yi
| China
|-
|''[[Hair, Paper, Water...]]'' || ''Tóc, Giấy và Nước'' || Nicolas Graux and [[Minh Quý Trương]]|| 'Belgium, France, Vietnam
|-
| ''[[Hen (film)|Hen]]'' || ''Kota'' || [[György Pálfi]] || Germany, Greece, Hungary
|-
| ''[[The Memory of Butterflies]]''
| ''La memoria de las mariposas''
| Tatiana Fuentes Sadowski
| Peru, Portugal
|-
| ''[[Silent Friend]]'' || ''Stille Freundin'' || [[Ildikó Enyedi]] || Germany, France, Hungary
|-
|}

===Macabre Dreams===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%; margin-bottom:4px"
|-
!scope="col" | English title
!scope="col" | Original title
!scope="col" | Director(s)
!scope="col" | Production countrie(s)
|-
| colspan="2"|''[[Alpha (2025 film)|Alpha]]''
| [[Julia Ducournau]]
| France, Belgium
|-
| ''The Book of Sijjin & Illiyyin''
| Kitab Sijjin & Illiyyin
| Hadrah Daeng Ratu
| Indonesia
|-
| ''Gorgonà''
|
| Evi Kalogiropoulou
| Greece, France
|-
| ''The Invisible Half''
|
| Masaki Nishiyama
| Japan
|-
| ''New Group''
|
| Yûta Shimotsu
| Japan
|-
| ''[[Reflection in a Dead Diamond]]''
| ''Reflet dans un diamant mort''
| Kateryna Gornostai |[[Hélène Cattet and Bruno Forzani]]
| Belgium, Luxembourg, Italy, France
|-
|}

===UNICEF @ IFFI===

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%; margin-bottom:4px"
|-
!scope="col" | English title
!scope="col" | Original title
!scope="col" | Director(s)
!scope="col" | Production countrie(s)
|-
| ''The Beetle Project''
|
| Jin Kwang-kyo
| South Korea
|-
| ''[[Happy Birthday (2025 film)|Happy Birthday]]''
| هابي بيرث داي
| Sarah Goher
| Egypt
|-
| ''The Odyssey of Joy''
| Odiseja e Gëzimit
| Zgjim Terziqi
| Kosovo, France
|-
|}

===Restored classics===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%; margin-bottom:4px"
|-
!scope="col" | Year
!scope="col" | English title
!scope="col" | Original title
!scope="col" | Director(s)
!scope="col" | Production countrie(s)
|-
| 1994
| colspan=2|''[[Muriel's Wedding]]''
| [[P. J. Hogan]]
| Australia
|-
| 1994
| colspan=2|''[[Pulp Fiction]]''
| [[Quentin Tarantino]]
| United States
|-
| 2000
|''[[Yi Yi]]''
|''Yī Yī''
|[[Edward Yang]]
|Taiwan, Japan
|-
|}

===Special Presentation===

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%; margin-bottom:4px"
|-
!scope="col" | Year
!scope="col" | English title
!scope="col" | Original title
!scope="col" | Director(s)
!scope="col" | Production countrie(s)
|-
| 1936
| colspan=2|''[[Achhut Kannya]]''
| [[Franz Osten]]
| India
|-
| 1956
| colspan=2|''[[C.I.D. (1956 film)|C.I.D.]]''
| [[Raj Khosla]]
| India
|-
| 1946
| colspan=2|''[[Dr. Kotnis Ki Amar Kahani]]''
| [[V. Shantaram]]
| India
|-
| 1990
| colspan=2|''[[Ek Doctor Ki Maut]]''
| [[Tapan Sinha]]
| India
|-
| 1992
| colspan=2|''[[Ek Hota Vidushak]]''
| [[Jabbar Patel]]
| India
|-
| 1978
| colspan=2|''[[Gaman]]''
| [[Muzaffar Ali]]
| India
|-
| 1989
| colspan=2|''[[Kireedam (1989 film)|Kireedam]]''
| [[Sibi Malayil]]
| India
|-
| 1957
| colspan=2|''[[Musafir (1957 film)|Musafir]]''
| [[Hrishikesh Mukherjee]]
| India
|-
| 1957
| colspan=2|''[[Pyaasa]]''
| [[Guru Dutt]]
| India
|-
|}

== Country of focus ==
[[Japan]] is nominated as the "Country of Focus" for the festival.

{|class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!scope="col" | English title
!scope="col" | Original title
!scope="col" | Director(s)
!scope="col" | Production countrie(s)
|-
|''[[A Pale View of Hills (film)|A Pale View of Hills]]''
|{{lang|ja|遠い山なみの光}}
|Kei Ishikawa
|Japan, United Kingdom, Poland
|-
| ''[[Dear Stranger]]''
|
| [[Tetsuya Mariko]]
|Japan, United States, Taiwan
|-
|''Catching the Stars of This Summer''
|{{lang|ja|この夏の星を見る}}
|Tsujimura Mizuki
| Japan
|-
| ''[[Seaside Serendipity]]''
| 海辺へ行く道
| Satoko Yokohama
| Japan
|-
| ''[[Tiger (2025 film)|Tiger]]''
| Taiga
| [[Anshul Chauhan]]
| Japan
|-
| ''[[Two Seasons, Two Strangers]]''
| ''旅と日々''
| Sho Miyake
| Japan
|-
|}

== Partner Country (Spain) - 2025 ==
Spain is partner Country of the festival

{|class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!scope="col" | English title
!scope="col" | Original title
!scope="col" | Director(s)
!scope="col" | Production countrie(s)
|-
| ''[[Fury (2025 film)|Fury]]''
| La furia
|Gemma Blasco
|Spain
|-
|''Gods of Stone''
|{{lang|es|Deuses de Pedra}}
|Iván Castiñeiras
| Spain
|-
| colspan="2" | ''[[Sirāt]]''|| [[Oliver Laxe]]||Spain, France
|-
|''[[Sleepless City]]''
|{{lang|es|Ciudad sin sueño}}
|Guillermo Galoe
|Spain, France
|-
|}
==Awards and winners==
[[File:Rajinikanth_Felicitates_Writer_Kalaignanam.jpg|thumb|150px|[[Rajinikanth]], recipient of Satyajit Ray Lifetime Achievement Award]]

The festival concluded with awards ceremony honouring the following awardees:<ref name="noa:awards">{{Cite web |url=https://www.newsonair.gov.in/56th-iffi-concludes-in-goa-vietnamese-film-wins-golden-peacock/|title=56th IFFI Concludes in Goa, Vietnamese Film Wins Golden Peacock|date=28 November 2025|access-date=28 November 2025 |website=News On Air}}</ref><ref name="awards56:variety">{{Cite news|url=https://variety.com/2025/film/festivals/transgender-vietnamese-drama-skin-of-youth-iffi-top-prize-1236594980/ |title= Transgender Vietnamese Drama ‘Skin of Youth’ Wins Top Prize at International Film Festival of India |author= Naman Ramachandran, Udita Jhunjhunwala |work= [[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |date= 28 November 2025 |access-date=29 November 2025 |language=en}}</ref>

* '''[[IFFI Best Film Award|Golden Peacock (Best Film)]]''': ''Skin of Youth'' by Ash Mayfair, Vietnam, Singapore, Japan
* '''[[IFFI Best Director Award|Best Director]]:''' Santosh Davakhar for ''[[Gondhal]]'', India
* '''[[IFFI Best Actor Award (Male)|Best Actor]]:''' Ubeimar Rios for ''[[A Poet (film)|A Poet]]''
* '''[[IFFI Best Actor Award (Female)|Best Actress]]:''' Jara Sofija Ostan for ''[[Little Trouble Girls]]''
* '''[[IFFI Best Debut Director Award|Best Debut Film of a Director]]:'''
** Hesam Farahmand for ''[[Raha (film)|My Daughter’s Hair]]''
** Tõnis Pill for ''Fränk''
* '''[[IFFI Best Debut Director Award|Best Debut Director of Indian Feature Film]]:''' [[Karan Singh Tyagi]] for ''[[Kesari Chapter 2]]''
* '''[[IFFI Special Jury Award and Special Mention|Special Jury Award]]:''' ''[[My Father's Shadow]]'' by [[Akinola Davies Jr.]], United Kingdom, Ireland, Nigeria
* '''[[IFFI ICFT UNESCO Gandhi Medal|ICFT UNESCO Gandhi Medal]]:''' ''Safe House'' by Eirik Svensson, Norway
* '''[[IFFI Best Web Series (OTT) Award|Best Web Series Award]]:''' ''[[Bandish Bandits]]'' (Season 2) by [[Anand Tiwari]]
* '''[[IFFI Satyajit Ray Lifetime Achievement Award|Satyajit Ray Lifetime Achievement Award]]''': [[Rajinikanth]]
* '''[[IFFI Indian Film Personality of the Year Award|Special Recognition for Contribution to Bharatiya Cinema Award]]''': [[Nandamuri Balakrishna]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{Official website|https://iffigoa.org/}}

{{International Film Festival of India}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:International Film Festival of India, 55th}}
[[Category:2025 film festivals]]
[[Category:2025 festivals in Asia]]
[[Category:International Film Festival of India|56]]
[[Category:2025 in Indian cinema]]

Savithri (1979 film)

2026-03-05T18:25:32Z

WilheminaJanzen: creating new post

{{short description|Indian drama film}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2025}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Savithri
| image =
| alt =
| caption =
| native_name = 
| director = T. S. Ranga
| writer =
| screenplay = T. S. Ranga
| story = Ram. Sha. Lokapura
| based_on = 
| producer =
| starring = [[H. G. Somashekar Rao]]
| narrator =
| cinematography = [[Barun Mukherji (cinematographer)|Barun Mukherji]]
| editing = J. Stanley
| music = Gunasingh
| studio = Hamzu Films
| distributor =
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|1979||}}
| runtime =
| country = India
| language = Kannada
| budget =
| gross =
}}
'''''Savithri''''' ({{audio|Kn-ಸಾವಿತ್ರಿ.ogg|pronunciation}} {{translation|The Wife}}) is a 1979 Indian [[Kannada]]-language [[Drama (film and television)|drama film]] directed by T. S. Ranga starring [[H. G. Somashekar Rao]], Anil Thakker, Vasant Kumar and Ashwini.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.mysoorunews.com/actor-somashekar-rao-of-mithileya-seetheyaru-fame-dies-at-86/|title=Actor Somashekar Rao of 'Mithileya Seetheyaru' fame dies at 86|date=3 November 2020|work=Mysooru News|access-date=18 December 2024|archive-date=3 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201103121522/https://www.mysoorunews.com/actor-somashekar-rao-of-mithileya-seetheyaru-fame-dies-at-86/|url-status=live}}</ref> The film is based on a novel by Ram. Sha. Lokapura. The film won the [[Karnataka State Film Award for Second Best Film]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/a-silent-voice-exits/article23683304.ece |title=A silent voice exits|date=26 April 2018|website=[[The Hindu]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231031162725/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/a-silent-voice-exits/article23683304.ece|archive-date=31 October 2023|url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Indian Cinema '79/'80|url=http://dff.nic.in/2011/indian_cinema_1980.pdf|publisher=[[Directorate of Film Festivals]]|page=129|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130130014125/http://dff.nic.in/2011/indian_cinema_1980.pdf|archive-date=30 January 2013}}</ref>

==Cast==
*[[H. G. Somashekar Rao]]
*Anil Thakker
*Vasant Kumar
*Ashwini

== Reception ==
Film director Kenneth George Godwin reviewing the film at the 5th [[Hong Kong International Film Festival]], wrote that "T.S. Ranga’s ''SAVITHRI – THE WIFE'' is an interesting film with some parallels to Phutane’s film [''Sarvasakshi''], but without the supernatural overtones and perhaps a bit more difficult for a non-Indian to identify with".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cageyfilms.com/2024/11/the-5th-hong-kong-international-film-festival-part-three/|title=The 5th Hong Kong International Film Festival, part three|work=Cagey Films|first=Kenneth George|last=Godwin|date=2 November 2024}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{IMDb title|0261274}}

[[Category:Indian drama films]]
[[Category:1979 Kannada-language films]]

Cannabis and Sikhism

2026-03-04T23:12:05Z

WilheminaJanzen: corrected details additionally and improved wording for consistency

{{Short description|none}}
[[File:Process of making bhang in Punjab, India.jpg|thumb|Process of making Shaheedi degh in a Sikh village in [[Punjab, India]]. On the [[Sikhs|Sikh]] army training day called [[Hola Mohalla|Hola Moholla]] it is a customary tradition.<ref>{{cite journal | last=Ayyagari | first=Shalini | name-list-style = vanc | title="Hori Hai": A Festival of Colours!! (review) | journal=Asian Music | publisher=Johns Hopkins University Press | volume=38 | issue=2 | year=2007 | pages=151–153 | doi=10.1353/amu.2007.0029 | s2cid=192201145 }}</ref>]]
In [[Sikhism]], some Sikhs particularly of the [[Nihang]] community use [[Cannabis edible|edible]] [[cannabis]] in a religious context. They make use of [[cannabis]] by ingestion. It is used to make a drink called ''[[Shaheedi Degh]]'' which is meant to help Nihang Singhs become highly present in the moment. [citation needed] [[Nihang]] Singhs used marijuana in the early times of Sikh history during times of battle, when it is believed to have helped them become more fierce warriors. [citation needed]

==Prohibition==
The first Sikh guru, [[Guru Nanak]], stated that using any mind altering substance (without medical purposes) is a distraction from God. Guru Nanak was offered ''[[bhang]]'' by the Mughal emperor [[Babur]]; Nanak however declined, and recited this [[shabda|shabad]]:

{{blockquote|''Fear of Thee, o Lord, is my bhang, and my mind the pouch in which I carry it. Intoxicated with this bhang I have abandoned all interest in worldly concerns''.<ref name="McLeod, 2004">{{cite book|author=McLeod|title=Sikhs and Sikhism: Comprising Guru Nanak and the Sikh Religion, Early Sikh Tradition, The Evolution of the Sikh Community, Who is a Sikh?|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QhV5AAAAMAAJ|date=4 March 2004|publisher=OUP India|isbn=978-0-19-566892-6|pages=74–75}}</ref>}}The [[Shiromani Gurdwara Parbandhak Committee|SGPC]] has also added a section in their [[Sikh Rehat Maryada|rehait maryada]] (Sikh codes of conduct) that bans the Cannabis, opium and liquor for all Sikhs that follow its rehit maryada. The following is a translated quote from the [[Sikh Rehat Maryada|rehait maryada]]. ''"A Sikh must not take hemp (cannabis), opium, liquor, tobacco, in short, any intoxicant. His only routine intake should be food."''<ref>{{Cite web |title=SikhiToTheMax |url=https://www.sikhitothemax.org/rehat-maryadha |access-date=2022-11-05 |website=www.sikhitothemax.org |language=en |archive-date=2022-11-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221105104150/https://www.sikhitothemax.org/rehat-maryadha |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Usage==
''[[Bhang]]'' (hemp) was a wild-growth plant found in the jungles of Punjab and along river-banks.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Gupta |first=Hari Ram |title=History of the Sikhs |publisher=Munshiram Manoharlal |year=1978 |volume=IV: The Sikh Commonwealth or Rise and Fall of Sikh Misls |pages=205}}</ref> An intoxicating drink can be produced by pounding the plant in a mortar and sifting it.<ref name=":0" />[[File:Gouache by an Amritsar artist depicting the preparation and consumption of Indian hemp (bhang).jpg|thumb|Gouache by an Amritsar artist depicting the preparation and consumption of Indian hemp (bhang), circa 1870.]]
The Sikhs inherited the tradition of drinking originates from the sixth Sikh guru, [[Guru Hargobind|Guru Hargobind Sahib]] who started it to give sikhs Bir Ras (warrior spirit) and to get them energized, as Sikhs used to get up early for [[Amrit Velā|''amrit vela'']] and not go back to sleep till after the evening prayers of Sohila Sahib.

ਬਿਦਿਹ ਸਾਕੀਯਾ ਸਾਗ਼ਰੇ ਸਬਜ਼ ਗੂੰ ॥

‘Oh! Saki Give me the cup full of green (liquid)

ਕਿ ਮਾਰਾ ਬਕਾਰਸਤ ਜੰਗ ਅੰਦਰੂੰ ॥੨੦॥

‘Which I need at the time of struggle(20)

ਲਬਾਲਬ ਬਕੁਨ ਦਮ ਬਦਮ ਨੋਸ਼ ਕੁਨ ॥

‘Fill it up to the brim so that I can drink it with every breath

ਗ਼ਮੇ ਹਰ ਦੁ ਆਲਮ ਫ਼ਰਾਮੋਸ਼ ਕੁਨ ॥੨੧॥੧੨॥

‘And forget the afflictions of both the worlds(21)(12)

(Dasam Guru Granth Sahib, Ang 1428)

The [[Bhangi Misl]] of the [[Sikh Confederacy]] in the 18th century derived its name from ''[[bhang]]''. The ''misl'' received its name "Bhangi" because Chhajja Singh and his soldiers frequently used the herbal intoxicant [[bhang]] (drink made from [[cannabis sativa]]).<ref>Singh, Bhagata (1993). ''A History of The Sikh Misals'', p. 89. Publication Bureau, Punjabi University, Patiala, 1993.</ref><ref>Seetal, Sohan Singh (1981). ''The Sikh Misals and the Punjab States'', p.11. India: Lahore Book Shop, Ludhiana, 1981.</ref>

===Nihang Sikhs===
[[File:Mural of two Nihang Sikhs making Bhang or Sukh Nidhan.jpg|thumb|Mural of two Nihang Sikhs making Bhang or Sukh Nidhan.]]
In the modern day, cannabis consumption (but not smoking) is commonly associated with the [[Nihang]] Singhs, a sect who continue the orthodox Sikh warrior tradition, who consume drinks as ''sukha'' or ''sukhnidhaan,'' or more commonly ''shaheedi degha''.<ref name="SinghFenech2014">{{cite book|author1=Pashaura Singh|author2=Louis E. Fenech|title=The Oxford Handbook of Sikh Studies|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8I0NAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA378|date=March 2014|publisher=OUP Oxford|isbn=978-0-19-969930-8|pages=378–}}</ref><ref name="SinghHawley2012">{{cite book|author1=Pashaura Singh|author2=Michael Hawley|title=Re-imagining South Asian Religions: Essays in Honour of Professors Harold G. Coward and Ronald W. Neufeldt|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4SLhLakpsNsC&pg=PA34|date=7 December 2012|publisher=BRILL|isbn=978-90-04-24236-4|pages=34–}}</ref> S''haheedi degh'' is mostly used in Panjab on the Sikh holidays of [[Holla Mohalla]] and [[Vaisakhi]]. At many Sikh temples, including Takht Sachkhand Sri [[Hazur Sahib]] Ji, the ''shaheedi degh'' is offered as a holy food.<ref name="amritworld.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.amritworld.com/main/?p=82#sthash.agD98t5F.dpbs|title=The 'Sukhnidhaan' or 'Bhang' (cannabis)|work=Amrit World|date=28 February 2008|access-date=19 November 2015|archive-date=20 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151120075451/http://www.amritworld.com/main/?p=82#sthash.agD98t5F.dpbs|url-status=live}}</ref>

In 2001, [[Jathedar Santa Singh|Baba Santa Singh]], the jathedar of [[Budha Dal]], along with 20 Nihang [[Jathedar|jathadars]] (leaders), refused to accept the ban on the consumption of bhang by the [[Shiromani Gurdwara Parbandhak Committee|SGPC]].<ref>[http://www.tribuneindia.com/2001/20010326/punjab1.htm#3 Nihangs ‘not to accept’ ban on bhang] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303215114/http://www.tribuneindia.com/2001/20010326/punjab1.htm#3 |date=2016-03-03 }}. [[The Tribune (Chandigarh)|The Tribune]]. March 26, 2001.</ref> Baba Santa Singh was excommunicated for a different issue, and replaced with Balbir Singh, who agreed to shun the consumption of bhang.<ref>[http://www.tribuneindia.com/2001/20010310/main7.htm#2 No ‘bhang’ at Hola Mohalla] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208130304/http://www.tribuneindia.com/2001/20010310/main7.htm#2 |date=2015-12-08 }}. [[The Tribune (Chandigarh)|The Tribune]]. March 10, 2001.</ref>

Some Nihang groups consume cannabis or shaheedi degh (ਭੰਗ), purportedly to help in meditation. Sukhaa-parsaad (ਸੁੱਖਾਪ੍ਰਰਸਾਦ), "dry-sweet", is the term Nihang use to refer to it. It was traditionally crushed and taken as a liquid, especially during festivals like Hola Mohalla.

== See also ==

* {{annotated link|Rehat}}
* {{annotated link|Diet in Sikhism}}
* {{annotated link|Jhatka}}
* {{annotated link|Meat consumption among Sikhs}}
* {{annotated link|Prohibitions in Sikhism}}
* {{annotated link|Bhangi Misl}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Cannabis and religion}}
{{Sikhism}}

[[Category:Cannabis and Sikhism]]
[[Category:Cannabis culture]]
[[Category:Cannabis in India]]

Khooni Murda

2026-03-03T23:49:01Z

WilheminaJanzen: basic cleaned up citations and added references per standard format

{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2015}}

{{Infobox film
| name = Khooni Murda
| image =

| caption =
| director = [[Mohan Bhakri]]
| producer =
| writer = Mohan Bhakri, Anil Pandit
| narrator =
| starring = {{ubl|[[Deepak Parashar]]|[[Shagufta Ali]]|[[Kiran Kumar]]}}
| music = [[Bappi Lahiri]]<ref>{{cite book | title=Encyclopedia of Indian Cinema | last1=Rajadhyaksha | first1=Ashish | last2=Willemen | first2=Paul | page=136 | date=2012 | chapter=Dictionary | publisher=Routledge | isbn=9781135943189 | chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SLkABAAAQBAJ&pg=PA136}}</ref>
| cinematography =
| editing =
| distributor =
| released = {{Film date|df=y|1989|02|23}}
| runtime = 127 minutes
| country = [[India]]
| language = [[Hindi language|Hindi]]
| budget = 
| gross = 
}}

''''' Khooni Murda ''''' is a 1989 Bollywood [[horror film]] directed and produced by [[Mohan Bhakri]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Khooni Murda (1989) Complete Cast & Crew - BollywoodMDB|url=https://www.bollywoodmdb.com/movies/cast-crew/khooni-murda/2419|access-date=2021-11-23|website=www.bollywoodmdb.com|archive-date=23 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211123153441/https://www.bollywoodmdb.com/movies/cast-crew/khooni-murda/2419|url-status=dead}}</ref> and starring [[Deepak Parashar]], [[Javed Khan (actor)|Javed Khan]] and Sriprada.<ref>{{Cite web|title=KHOONI MURDAA (1990)|url=https://www2.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b7d93f02c|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210125205708/https://www2.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b7d93f02c|url-status=dead|archive-date=25 January 2021|access-date=2021-11-23|website=BFI}}</ref> The movie is a low budget Indian version of ''[[A Nightmare on Elm Street]]'' (1984).<ref>{{Cite web|title=Khooni Murda (1989)|url=https://indiancine.ma/ADWA|access-date=2021-11-23|website=Indiancine.ma}}</ref> Movie was graded adult (A) certificate because of nude scenes of lead actress [[Shagufta Ali]].{{citation needed|date=December 2022}} There was no body double used and Shagufta Ali has to shoot fully nude for one scene from behind.{{citation needed|date=December 2022}} It was labelled B Grade [[Horror film|horror movie]]. The movie was an average grosser of the year 1989. The music of the film is composed by [[Bappi Lahiri]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Khooni Murda Movie Review {{!}} Khooni Murda Movie Cast|url=https://www.indianfilmhistory.com/movie-details/khooni-murda|access-date=2021-11-23|website=www.indianfilmhistory.com}}</ref>

==Plot==
This is the revenge story of Ranjit and his girl friend Rekha who were killed by a group of college students. the dead man's soul revives as a vengeful spirit and begins to kill the college students one by one.

== Cast ==
* [[Deepak Parashar]] as Police Inspector Rakesh
* [[Javed Khan (actor)|Javed Khan]] as Dev
* Shriprada as Prabha
* [[Puneet Issar]] as Johnny
* [[Rajesh Vivek]] as Tantric
* [[Kiran Kumar]] as Ranjeet
* [[Shagufta Ali]] as Rekha
* Meethee as Anuradha
* Kamna as Kamna
* Amrit Raj as Sandhu
* Madhu Malhotra as Professor Malhotra
* [[Jagdeep]] as Khairati Lal Patthar Dil

==Music==
#"Chaska Chaska" - [[Kavita Krishnamurthy]]
#"Main Kurate Ka Butto Banke" - Jagdeep, [[Shagufta Ali]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|0363740}}

[[Category:1989 films]]
[[Category:1989 Hindi-language films]]
[[Category:1989 Indian films]]
[[Category:1989 horror films]]
[[Category:A Nightmare on Elm Street (franchise)]]
[[Category:Films scored by Bappi Lahiri]]
[[Category:Indian slasher films]]
[[Category:Indian horror films]]
[[Category:Indian horror film remakes]]
[[Category:Indian remakes of American films]]
[[Category:1980s slasher films]]
[[Category:Hindi-language horror films]]

{{1980s-Hindi-film-stub}}

Saravarsham

2026-03-03T21:11:11Z

WilheminaJanzen: further cleanup references to improve readability additionally and fixed typos

{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Saravarsham
| image =
| alt = 
| caption =
| director = [[Baby (director)|Baby]]
| producer = V. D. Padmarajan
| story = Sunil Kumar
| screenplay = [[Baby (director)|Baby]]
| starring = [[Sukumaran]] [[Zarina Wahab]] [[Mammootty]] [[Sathyakala]]
| music = [[Shyam (composer)|Shyam]]
| cinematography = [[Anandakuttan]]
| editing = K. Shankunni
| studio = Padmarajan Films
| distributor = Central Pictures
| released = {{Film date|1982|7|23|df=y}}
| runtime =
| country = India
| language = Malayalam
| budget =
| gross =
}}

'''''Saravarsham''''' is a 1982 [[Malayalam]] [[drama film]] starring [[Sukumaran]], [[Zarina Wahab]], [[Mammootty]] and [[Sathyakala]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.malayalachalachithram.com/movie.php?i=1339|title=Saravarsham|accessdate=2014-10-16|publisher=www.malayalachalachithram.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://malayalasangeetham.info/m.php?2171|title=Saravarsham|accessdate=2014-10-16|publisher=malayalasangeetham.info}}</ref>

==Plot==
Sumesh is the only child of his parents. He is living in constant depression after knowing that he is impotent and cannot have children. Adding to his depression, his wife is an alcoholic and leads a troubled life. One day Sumesh learns that his father has a daughter in an illegitimate relationship. His half-sister Savitha happens to be his friend's wife and Sumesh becomes so close to her family considering that her son would be his only legal heir. But Savitha's husband Rajashekharan starts suspecting his wife about the relationship with Sumesh. He discovers the truth only after it is too late.

==Cast==
* [[Sukumaran]] as Dr. K. Sumesh
* [[Zarina Wahab]] as Savitha
* [[Mammootty]] as Rajashekharan
* [[Sathyakala]] as Sumathi
* [[Bahadoor|Bahadur]] as Ravunni Nair
* [[Jagannatha Varma]] as Meleppattu Ramakrishnan Nair
* [[Kailas Nath]] as Dr. Varma
* [[Santhakumari (Malayalam actress)|Santhakumari]] as Lakshmi Amma
* [[Jose Prakash]] as Sumathi's father
*[[Prathapachandran]] as Savitha's father
* [[T. R. Omana]] as Devakiyamma
* [[Meena (Malayalam actress)|Meena]] as Savitha's mother

==Soundtrack==
The music was composed by [[Shyam (composer)|Shyam]] and the lyrics were written by [[Poovachal Khader]].
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;"
! No. !! Song !! Singers !! Lyrics !! Length (m:ss)
|-
| 1 || "Ee Jwaalayil" || [[K. J. Yesudas]] || [[Poovachal Khader]] ||
|-
| 2 || "Moha Sindhuvil" || Chorus, [[Lathika]] || Poovachal Khader ||
|-
| 3 || "Oru Raaga Nimishathin" || [[Vani Jairam]] || Poovachal Khader ||
|-
| 4 || "Sharavarsham Sharavarsham" || K. J. Yesudas || Poovachal Khader ||
|-
| 5 || "Then Pookkalil" || [[S. Janaki]], [[Unni Menon]], [[Kausalya]] || Poovachal Khader ||
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|0267907}}

==view the film==
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xtb724LLhvM saravarsham]

[[Category:1982 Malayalam-language films]]
[[Category:1982 drama films]]
[[Category:1982 films]]
[[Category:Films directed by Baby (director)]]

{{1980s-Malayalam-film-stub}}

Once Upon a Time in Kochi

2026-03-03T09:37:10Z

WilheminaJanzen: new stub - done

{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2024}}
{{Infobox film
| image = Once Upon a Time in Kochi.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[Nadirshah]]
| writer = [[Rafi-Mecartin|Rafi]]
| producer = Kalandoor
| starring = [[Arjun Ashokan]] [[Devika Sanjay]] Mubin Rafi [[Shine Tom Chacko]]
| cinematography = [[Shaji Kumar]]
| editing = [[Shameer Muhammed]]
| music = '''Songs:''' [[Nadirsha]] [[Hesham Abdul Wahab]] '''Background Score:''' Hesham Abdul Wahab
| studio = Kalandoor Entertainments
| released = {{film date|df=y|2024|5|31}}
| runtime = 141 minutes<ref name=":HR" />
| country = India
| language = Malayalam
}}

'''''Once Upon a Time in Kochi''''' is a 2024 Indian [[Malayalam cinema|Malayalam]] language comedy film written by Raffi<ref name="release"/> and directed by [[Nadirshah]]<ref>{{Cite news |title='Once Upon A Time In Kochi' trailer: How far would one go for love? |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/once-upon-a-time-in-kochi-trailer-a-heroic-journey-of-love-and-action/articleshow/107760334.cms |access-date=2024-02-27 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=18 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240418012813/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/once-upon-a-time-in-kochi-trailer-a-heroic-journey-of-love-and-action/articleshow/107760334.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> featuring [[Arjun Ashokan]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=Once Upon A Time In Kochi - Theatrical release of this Nadirshah directorial to be delayed |url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/once-upon-a-time-in-kochi-theatrical-release-of-this-nadirshah-directorial-to-be-delayed/379de9b071672 |access-date=2024-02-27 |website=www.ottplay.com |archive-date=27 February 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240227145418/https://www.ottplay.com/amp/news/once-upon-a-time-in-kochi-theatrical-release-of-this-nadirshah-directorial-to-be-delayed/379de9b071672 |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Devika Sanjay]], Mubin Rafi, [[Shine Tom Chacko]], [[Johny Antony]] and [[Baiju Santhosh]] as the lead characters. The film was released on 31 May 2024.<ref name="release">{{Cite web |last=|first= |date=2024-05-26 |title=Once Upon A Time In Kochi Teaser: Arjun Ashokan in an urban police procedural |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/malayalam/videos/2024/May/26/once-upon-a-time-in-kochi-teaser-arjun-ashokan-in-an-urban-police-procedural |access-date=2024-06-08 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}</ref>

==Premise==
The film focuses on people who come out at night and get involved in wrongdoing.

==Cast==
*Mubin Rafi as Habibi
*[[Arjun Ashokan]] as [[Sub-inspector|SI]] Anand Das
*[[Devika Sanjay]] as Janaki Jayan
*[[Shine Tom Chacko]] as Ram Kumar
*[[Shivajith]] as Vinod
*[[Jaffar Idukki]] as Chandrappan
*[[Baiju Santhosh]] as [[Deputy superintendent of police|DYSP]] Cylex Abraham
*[[Johny Antony]] as Jayan, Janaki's father
*[[Raffi]] as Ustad

== Soundtrack ==
{{Infobox album
| name = Once Upon a Time in Kochi
| type = Soundtrack
| artist = [[Hesham Abdul Wahab]], [[Nadirshah]]
| cover =
| alt =
| released = 2024
| recorded =
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = [[Feature film soundtrack]]
| length = 12:43
| language = Malayalam
| label = Millennium Audios
| producer =
| chronology =
| prev_title =
| prev_year =
| next_title =
| next_year =
| misc = {{external media
| audio1 = {{YouTube|i6wPWwwWIn0|Once Upon a Time in Kochi – Jukebox}}}}
}}

The songs were composed by [[Hesham Abdul Wahab]], and [[Nadirshah]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Kande Njaan Aakashathoru (From "Once Upon A Time In Kochi") |url=https://gaana.com/album/kande-njaan-aakashathoru-from-once-upon-a-time-in-kochi |website=[[Gaana (music streaming service)|Gaana]] |access-date=29 January 2025 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Pande Pande (From "Once Upon a Time in Kochi") |url=https://gaana.com/album/pande-pande-from-once-upon-a-time-in-kochi |website=Gaana |access-date=29 January 2025 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Thooval Nilaa (From "Once Upon A Time In Kochi") |url=https://gaana.com/album/thooval-nilaa-from-once-upon-a-time-in-kochi |website=Gaana |access-date=29 January 2025 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=ZINDA SONG (From "Once Upon A Time In Kochi") |url=https://gaana.com/album/zinda-song-from-once-upon-a-time-in-kochi |website=Gaana |access-date=29 January 2025 |language=en}}</ref>

{{track listing
| headline = Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| title1 = Kande Njan Akashathoru
| length1 = 4:35
| lyrics1 = [[Suhail Koya]]
| extra1 = Hesham Abdul Wahab
| music1 = [[Hesham Abdul Wahab]]
| title2 = Pande Pande
| length2 = 2:27
| lyrics2 = [[B. K. Harinarayanan]]
| extra2 = [[Sithara Krishnakumar]] [[Vidhu Prathap]]
| music2 = Hesham Abdul Wahab
| title3 = Thooval Nilaa
| length3 = 2:34
| lyrics3 = B. K. Harinarayanan
| extra3 = Harisankar, Dana Razik
| music3 = [[Nadirshah]]
| title4 = Zinda Song (Halloween Song)
| length4 = 3:07
| lyrics4 = Kunwar Juneja
| extra4 = Samad
| music4 = Hesham Abdul Wahab
| total_length = 12:43
}}

== Reception ==
Rohit Panikker of ''[[Times Now]]'' rated the film three out of five stars and wrote, "''Once Upon A Time In Kochi'' is an attempt at trying to tell something new using extremely outdated narrative tropes. It starts out interesting, but tapers out into something usual and predictable. Some performances that could have stood out are let down by poor writing."<ref>{{cite news |title=Once Upon A Time In Kochi Review: A Used And Overused Plot That Offers Nothing New! |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/reviews/malayalam/once-upon-a-time-in-kochi-review-a-used-and-overused-plot-that-offers-nothing-new-review-110588890 |work=Times Now |date=31 May 2024 |language=en |archive-date=1 June 2024 |access-date=29 January 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240601004147/https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/reviews/malayalam/once-upon-a-time-in-kochi-review-a-used-and-overused-plot-that-offers-nothing-new-review-110588890 |url-status=live }}</ref> Arjun Ramachandran of ''The South First'' gave it two-and-a-half out of five stars and noted that "Director Nadirshah's latest outing lacks the soul and elements needed for commercial cinema and offers nothing new."<ref>{{cite news |last1=Ramachandran |first1=Arjun |title=Once Upon A Time in Kochi review: Arjun Ashokan shines in this poorly-written film |url=https://thesouthfirst.com/entertainment/once-upon-a-time-in-kochi-malayalam-movie-review/ |work=The South First |date=31 May 2024 |language=en |archive-date=17 August 2024 |access-date=29 January 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240817095355/https://thesouthfirst.com/entertainment/once-upon-a-time-in-kochi-malayalam-movie-review/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

Vignesh Madhu of ''[[The New Indian Express]]'' gave it one out of five stars and wrote, "First things first, it seems like the makers were unsure of how to treat the film. ''Once Upon a Time In Kochi'' is neither a comedy nor a thriller. The film being unintentionally funny throughout, it would have been more effective as a full-fledged dark comedy."<ref>{{cite news |last1=Madhu |first1=Vignesh |title='Once Upon a Time In Kochi' movie review: Drug tale that drags its way to a dead end |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/review/2024/Jun/01/once-upon-a-time-in-kochi-movie-review-drug-tale-that-drags-its-way-to-a-dead-end |work=The New Indian Express |date=1 June 2024 |language=en |archive-date=3 September 2024 |access-date=29 January 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240903132657/https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/review/2024/Jun/01/once-upon-a-time-in-kochi-movie-review-drug-tale-that-drags-its-way-to-a-dead-end |url-status=live }}</ref> S. R. Praveen of ''[[The Hindu]]'' wrote, "''Once Upon a Time in Kochi'' is a rather forgettable attempt at creating a ‘comedy thriller’ given how none of its attempts at being funny or thrilling manage to work."<ref name=":HR">{{cite news |last1=Praveen |first1=S. R. |title='Once Upon a Time in Kochi' movie review: A forgettable 'comedy thriller' that is neither funny nor thrilling |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/once-upon-a-time-in-kochi-movie-review-a-forgettable-comedy-thriller-that-is-neither-funny-nor-thrilling/article68235870.ece |work=The Hindu |date=31 May 2024 |language=en-IN |archive-date=12 September 2024 |access-date=29 January 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240912082609/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/once-upon-a-time-in-kochi-movie-review-a-forgettable-comedy-thriller-that-is-neither-funny-nor-thrilling/article68235870.ece |url-status=live }}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|27579921}}

[[Category:2024 Indian films]]
[[Category:2024 Malayalam-language films]]
[[Category:Indian comedy films]]
[[Category:2024 films]]

Kyaa Super Kool Hain Hum

2026-03-02T09:29:42Z

WilheminaJanzen: Improved wording and formatting

{{short description|2012 film by Sachin Yardi}}
{{use Indian English|date=May 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2014}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Kyaa Super Kool Hain Hum
| image = Kya super kool hai hum.jpg
| alt =
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[Sachin Yardi]]
| producer = [[Ekta Kapoor]] [[Shobha Kapoor]]
| writer = Sachin Yardi
| screenplay = Sachin Yardi
| story = Sachin Yardi
| starring = [[Riteish Deshmukh]] [[Tusshar Kapoor]] [[Neha Sharma]] [[Sarah Jane Dias]] [[Anupam Kher]]
| music = '''Songs:''' [[Meet Bros Anjjan]]
 [[Shankar–Ehsaan–Loy]] [[Sachin–Jigar]] '''Background Score:''' [[Sanjoy Chowdhury]]
| cinematography = [[Anil Mehta]]
| editing = Aarif Sheikh
| studio = [[Balaji Motion Pictures]] ALT Entertainment
| distributor = [[Balaji Motion Pictures]]
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2012|07|27}}
| runtime = 137 minutes
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| budget = {{INR|19 [[crore]]}}<ref name="boi" />
| gross = {{INR|60.77 crore}}<ref name="boi">{{cite news|title=Kyaa Super Kool Hain Hum - Movie - Box Office India|url=https://boxofficeindia.com/movie.php?movieid=290|work=Box Office India|access-date=1 April 2020|archive-date=16 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200616222826/https://www.boxofficeindia.com/movie.php?movieid=290|url-status=live}}</ref>
}}
'''''Kyaa Super Kool Hain Hum''''' ({{translation|How super cool we are}}) is a 2012 Indian [[Hindi-language]] [[adult comedy film]] written and directed by [[Sachin Yardi]]. Produced by [[Ekta Kapoor]], it is the second in [[Kyaa Kool Hain Hum (film series)|''Kyaa Kool Hain Hum'' series]] and again stars [[Riteish Deshmukh]] and [[Tusshar Kapoor]]. The film was a surprise box office success like its [[Kyaa Kool Hai Hum|predecessor]], grossing {{INR}}60.87 crore worldwide.<ref>{{cite web|title=Gangs Of Wasseypur 2 Dull ljJism 2 Average|url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/boxdetail.php?page=shownews&articleid=4772&nCat=|publisher=boxofficeindia|access-date=11 August 2012|archive-date=14 August 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120814154307/http://www.boxofficeindia.com/boxdetail.php?page=shownews&articleid=4772&nCat=|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Plot==
The story revolves around Siddharth "Sid" and Aditya "Adi", who are roommates and good friends. Adi is a struggling actor, while Sid is a struggling DJ who admires his own dog Sakkru more than himself. Adi and Sid manage to meet ends by offering Sakkru for mating in dog breeding centres where Sakkru mates with female dogs of his breed on a specific music played by Sid. Adi falls in love with Simran Singhania, who works at a call center. Adi proposes Simran for marriage, but she refuses and lies to him of being a lesbian, while Sid falls for Anuradha “Anu” Marlo, whom he meets at a fashion show. Then Anu and Simran go to [[Goa]] to meet Anu's father, Francis Marlo, who has gone mad ever since the death of his mother. In Goa, Baba 3G, a conman posing as a priest tells Marlo that his dead mother, Rosemary Marlo, has been reincarnated into a female dog. When Adi and Sid, along with Sakkru, follow the girls to Goa, Sid meets Marlo, where Sakkru copulates with the female dog, Rosemary.

Marlo then believes that the dog is not his mother, as her mother was so pure. However, Baba 3G, who is skeptical to lose his business, tells Marlo that his father, Michael Marlo, has been reincarnated too as Sakkru, and then Sakkru is kidnapped by Marlo. Sid comes to rescue Sakkru, where Marlo offers Sid to host the New Year's Eve Party as the DJ and takes Sakkru. Adi mistakes Anu for being the partner of Simran and tells Sid about it. Both get heartbroken and decide to leave Goa with Sakkru. Later, Marlo decides to get Rosemary and Sakkru married. Adi receives a message from Simran that she has a confession to make and wishes to meet him. When Adi and Sid reach Marlo's mansion, they misunderstand the message passed by the security and assume that Simran and Anu are getting married forcefully by Marlo. They both reach the venue of marriage, where Simran tells Adi that she is not a lesbian and loves him, resulting in both reuniting. Sid, with intent to take Sakkru back, plays the music on which Sakkru runs on a mating spree in the function. A police inspector at the venue recognizes Baba 3G as a criminal and arrests him. The film ends with the marriage of Adi with Simran, Sid's with Anu, and Sakkru's with Rosemary.

==Cast==
* [[Riteish Deshmukh]] as Siddharth "Sid", Adi's Roommate; Anu's Love Interest
* [[Tusshar Kapoor]] as Aditya "Adi" / John (for an advertisement scene), Sid's Roommate; Simran's Love Interest
* [[Sarah-Jane Dias]] as Anuradha “Anu” Marlo, Sid's Love Interest; Simran's Best Friend; Francis's Daughter
* [[Neha Sharma]] as Simran Singhania, Adi's Love Interest; Anu's Best Friend
* [[Anupam Kher]] as Francis Marlo, Anu's Father
* [[Razak Khan]] as Popat, The laundrywaala
* Shireesh Sharma as Mr. Singhania, Simran's Father
* [[Chunky Pandey]] as Baba 3G
* [[Delnaaz Irani]] as Mrs. Dev Paul; Sid and Adi's Neighbour
* Howard Rosemeyer as Adam, Owner of Adam and Steve, The Gay Club; Anu's Friend
* [[Rohit Shetty]] as Himself (Cameo)
* [[Bikramjeet Kanwarpal]] as Church Father for the Marriage of Rosemary and Sakkru (Cameo)
* [[Nalneesh Neel]] as Dog Thief
* [[Kavin Dave]] as Trippy Grewal
* Yusuf Hussain as Catholic Priest

==Reception==

===Critical reception===
[[Taran Adarsh]] of Bollywood Hungama gave the movie 3.5/5 stars, and finds the film one big joyride from commencement to conclusion. He says, "This one is for the masses, for youngsters, for those who loved part one and enjoyed its crazy hilarity." He concludes "''KYAA SUPER KOOL HAIN HUM'' offers entertainment, entertainment and only entertainment in large doses!"<ref name="Review 1"/> Sonia Chopra of Sify gave the movie 3/5 stars, concluding that "Director Sachin Yardi tells the story in his usual, unapologetic style. One would call the film clumsy, had it not been funny. But humorous it is, even if in parts. Worth a watch, if you're not very high-brow or prudish when it comes to humour."<ref name="Review 2" /> Madhureeta Mukherjee of ''Times of India'' gave the movie 3/5 stars, stating that "If you were sex (comedy) starved after Kyaa Kool Hai Hum, this sequel force-feeds you a double dose. This one's for teens who get a 'boner' out of bad jokes, but it may get a rise out of some adults too. Watch at your own 'risque'."<ref name="Review 3"/>

Vinayak Chakravorthy of India Today gave the movie 2.5/5 stars, stating that "Director Sachin Yardi almost deliberately plays dumb with his narrative. His effort is a randy, satirical punch on almost every trick that defines Bollywood's 100-crore club. The film makes you snigger, and then you snigger at yourself for doing as much at something so obviously silly and raunchy. You realise there is reason behind the mindless mayhem that just unfolded before your eyes as the end credits roll. It's called box-office moolah, and this film is going to make lots of it."<ref name="Review 4" /> Kunal Guha of Yahoo! gave the movie 2/5 stars, commenting that "'Kyaa Super Kool Hain Hum' is surely a school of sickeningly dirty jokes that will shock, disgust and scandalize but ensure that you have a good time. So don't leave your brains (or any other organs) at home, you will need it to dig out the implied meaning in every line."<ref name="Review 5" /> Aniruddha Guha of DNA India gave the movie 2/5 stars, saying that "Kyaa Super Kool Hain Hum amuses you intermittently but largely leaves your brains in a tangle, and the mind gasping for breath. In other words, dimaag ki macho deta hai."<ref name="Review 6" /> Shomini Sen of Zee News gave the movie 2/5 stars, stating that "KSKHH is an assault to your brain to say the least. But we know you will watch it nevertheless. After all don't we go to the movies to get entertained and not take on more stress? Go on, watch it but do carry a bottle of painkillers with you. Might come in handy later."<ref name="Review 7" />

Anupama Chopra of ''Hindustan Times'' gave 1.5/5 stars, commenting that "Writer-director Sachin Yardi is too lazy to create a plot, so the film is just a series of gags that allow him to bung in as many puerile sexual innuendos as possible. Kyaa Super Kool Hain Hum becomes a drag within the first twenty minutes and then continues for another two hours or so."<ref name="Review 8" /> Rajeev Masand of CNN-IBN gave it 1.5/5 stars, saying that "I'm going with one-and-a-half out of five for 'Kyaa Super Kool Hain Hum'. It's not that the humor's adult that is the issue here, it's that it doesn't make you laugh!"<ref name="Review 9" /> Mayank Shekhar of Daily Bhaskar gave the movie 1.5/5 stars, stating that "All the humour is in the lines. The dialogue writer of this film is a decent chutkula writer, suited best for stand-up comedies or hasya kavitas. You know at some point the jokes will dry up. They'll start exhausting you with their only meaning; let alone the double meaning. The film will lose energy too, given there wasn't much of a plot to keep it going for this long."<ref name="Review 10" /> Raja Sen of Rediff gave the movie 1.5/5 stars, stating that "Sachin Yardi's Kyaa Super Kool Hain Hum is, an A-rated film that feels the need to shy away from swearwords and put big, forbidding 'Adults' stickers onto even copulating canines. The film wants to be racy, but has television-friendliness forced onto its very being: which explains actors dropping their jaws at the (suggested) mention of genitalia and constantly hiding behind clumsy innuendo."<ref name="Review 11" /> Blessy Chettiar of DNA India gave the movie 1/5 stars, commenting that "Tawdry innuendos, racial slurs, repugnant gibes at the gay community and overall cheap humour define the 'kool' of KSKHH. Sorry boss, we define our own cool, and KSKHH figures nowhere close."<ref name="Review 12" /> [[Karan Anshuman]] of Mumbai Mirror gave 1/5 stars, saying that "There are sex comedies. Then there are bad sex comedies. Then there is just bad. And then finally – right at the bottom of this pile – there is KSKHH. It has innuendos so obvious, swearing so uninhibited, and gestures so lewd, that you can only imagine what must be going on in the writers' minds to distill this from their imaginations."<ref name="Review 13" /> Saibal Chatterjee of NDTV gave the movie 1/5 stars, concluding that "Kyaa Super Kool Hain Hum strives very hard indeed to be a worthy adult comedy, a poor Indian country cousin of American Pie, but all it manages to be is a juvenile and clunky ride through unending yards of the kind of laboured gags that went out of vogue with Dada Kondke. The film is ostensibly targeted at the teen segment and it might even find some takers there. But it barely passes muster as a sex comedy. It's crude, crass and completely clueless."<ref name="Review 14" /> Janhavi Samant of Mid-Day gave the movie 0.5/5 stars, stating that "The whole film is pretty much avoidable. Neither vulgar enough to denounce, nor gross enough to outrage, nor absurd enough to be funny, just plain indifferent and insipid."<ref name="Review 15" />

==Soundtrack==
{{Infobox album
| name = Kyaa Super Kool Hain Hum
| type = Soundtrack
| artist = {{unbulleted list|[[Meet Bros]]|[[Shankar–Ehsaan–Loy]]|[[Sachin-Jigar]]}}
| cover =
| alt =
| released = 29 June 2012
| recorded =
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = [[Film soundtrack]]
| length =
| label = [[Super Cassettes Industries T-Series|T-Series]]
| producer = [[Ekta Kapoor]]
| prev_title =
| prev_year =
| next_title = [[Chittagong (film)|Chittagong]]
| next_year = 2012
| misc = {{Extra chronology
| artist = [[Sachin–Jigar]]
| type = Soundtrack
| prev_title = [[Tere Naal Love Ho Gaya]]
| prev_year = 2012
| title = Kyaa Super Kool Hain Hum
| year = 2012
| next_title = [[ABCD: Any Body Can Dance]]
| next_year = 2013
}}
}}
"Dil Garden Garden Ho Gaya" was composed by [[Sachin–Jigar]] and written by [[Mayur Puri]], while the rest of all songs are by [[Meet Bros Anjjan]]. The song “Hum Toh Hain Cappucino” is the remake version of “Main Aai Hoon Up Bihar Lotne” by [[Sapna Awasthi]] with slightly different lyrics from the 1999 film [[Shool]], composed by [[Shankar–Ehsaan–Loy]] and written by [[Sameer Anjaan|Sameer]].

===Track listings===
{{track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| title1 = Dil Garden Garden Ho Gaya
| extra1 = [[Vishal Dadlani]]
| music1 = [[Sachin–Jigar]]
| lyrics1 = [[Mayur Puri]]
| length1 = 3:18
| title2 = Shirt Da Button
| extra2 = [[Sonu Nigam]], [[Meet Bros Anjjan]], Asad Abbas
| music2 = Meet Bros Anjjan
| lyrics2 = [[Kumaar]]
| length2 = 6:48
| title3 = Hum Toh Hain Cappucino
| extra3 = [[Daler Mehndi]], [[Sukhwinder Singh]], [[Riteish Deshmukh]]
| music3 = [[Shankar–Ehsaan–Loy]], Meet Bros Anjjan
| lyrics3 = [[Sameer Anjaan|Sameer]], Kumaar
| length3 = 5:30
| title4 = Volume High Karle
| extra4 = [[Neeraj Shridhar]]
| music4 = Meet Bros Anjjan
| lyrics4 = Kumaar
| length4 = 5:30
| title5 = Shirt Da Button
| note5 = Version 2
| extra5 = [[Kailash Kher]], Meet Bros Anjjan
| music5 = Meet Bros Anjjan
| lyrics5 = Kumaar
| length5 = 6:38
| title6 = Dil Garden Garden Ho Gaya
| extra6 = Vishal Dadlani
| music6 = Sachin–Jigar
| lyrics6 = Mayur Puri
| note6 = Remix
| length6 = 3:42
| title7 = Volume High Karle
| extra7 = Neeraj Shridhar
| music7 = Meet Bros Anjjan
| lyrics7 = Kumaar
| note7 = Remix
| length7 = 3:42
}}

==Box office==

===Domestic===

''Kyaa Super Kool Hain Hum'' opened very well at multiplexes with collections around the 60-70% mark. The single screen opening was a bit lower.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://boxofficeindia.com/boxnewsdetail.php?page=shownews&articleid=4724&nCat=|title=Kyaa Super Kool Hain Hum Opens Very Well|publisher=boxofficeindia|date=27 July 2012|access-date=28 July 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120730052148/http://www.boxofficeindia.com/boxnewsdetail.php?page=shownews&articleid=4724&nCat=|archive-date=30 July 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref> ''Kyaa Super Kool Hain Hum'' had a good first day of around {{INRConvert|65.0|m}} nett.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://boxofficeindia.com/boxnewsdetail.php?page=shownews&articleid=4728&nCat=|title=Kyaa Super Kool Hain Has Very Good First Day|publisher=boxofficeindia|date=27 July 2012|access-date=28 July 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120730201907/http://www.boxofficeindia.com/boxnewsdetail.php?page=shownews&articleid=4728&nCat=|archive-date=30 July 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref> ''Kyaa Super Kool Hain Hum'' did very well over its first weekend. The film grossed around {{INRConvert|215|m}} over the weekend.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://boxofficeindia.com/boxnewsdetail.php?page=shownews&articleid=4735&nCat=|title=Kyaa Super Kool Hain Hum Scores Very Well In Its First Weekend|publisher=boxofficeindia|date=30 July 2012|access-date=30 July 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120801194246/http://www.boxofficeindia.com/boxnewsdetail.php?page=shownews&articleid=4735&nCat=|archive-date=1 August 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref> The film has collected {{INRConvert|345|m}} in week one which is a very good total for a low-budget film.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://boxofficeindia.com/boxnewsdetail.php?page=shownews&articleid=4756&nCat=|title=Kyaa Super Kool Hain Hum Week One Territorial Breakdown|publisher=boxofficeindia|access-date=6 August 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130825225354/http://www.boxofficeindia.com/boxnewsdetail.php?page=shownews&articleid=4756&nCat=|archive-date=25 August 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref> ''Kyaa Super Kool Hain Hum'' had a decent second weekend of around {{INRConvert|55.0|m}} nett.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://boxofficeindia.com/boxnewsdetail.php?page=shownews&articleid=4757&nCat=|title=Kyaa Super Kool Hain Hum Has Decent Second Weekend|publisher=boxofficeindia|date=6 August 2012|access-date=6 August 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120809031348/http://www.boxofficeindia.com/boxnewsdetail.php?page=shownews&articleid=4757&nCat=|archive-date=9 August 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref> The film did fairly well in week two, grossing around {{INRConvert|73.0|m}} net and taking its two-week total to around {{INRConvert|421|m}} crore nett.<ref>{{cite web|title=Kyaa Super Kool Hain Hum Week Two Territorial Breakdown|url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/boxnewsdetail.php?page=shownews&articleid=4782&nCat=|publisher=boxofficeindia|access-date=14 August 2011}}</ref>

===Overseas===

''Kyaa Super Kool Hain Hum'' had collected a gross of $550,000 from overseas markets.<ref name="boi" />

==Controversies==
A complaint was registered by an Indian citizen claiming the film offends religious sentiments. According to the FIR, the complainant said that ''Kyaa Super Kool Hain Hum'' uses the name Rosemary Maarlo, which translates from the Hindi, रोज़ मेरी मार लो to "screw me every day please", which was considered offensive slang against Christian names.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/police-complaint-filed-against-kya-super-kool-hain-hum-112817-2012-08-09 |title=Police complaint filed against Kya Super Kool Hain Hum for hurting religious sentiments : Bollywood, News - India Today |access-date=10 August 2012 |archive-date=10 August 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120810050645/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/police-complaint-filed-against-kya-super-kool-hain-hum/1/212459.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/mumbai/report_christians-not-so-kool-with-kyaa-super-kool-hain-hum_1724002 |title=Christians not so Kool with Kyaa Super Kool Hain Hum – Mumbai – DNA |access-date=10 August 2012 |archive-date=7 August 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120807203755/http://www.dnaindia.com/mumbai/report_christians-not-so-kool-with-kyaa-super-kool-hain-hum_1724002 |url-status=live }}</ref> The same name is given to a character played by [[Sharman Joshi]] in a girl hostel to con a girl student in [[Style (2001 film)]].

The film was banned in [[Muscat, Oman|Muscat]], Kuwait and Pakistan due to its sexual comedy.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://movies.ndtv.com/movie_story.aspx?Section=Movies&ID=ENTEN20120211701&subcatg=MOVIESINDIA&keyword=bollywood&nid=252204 |title=Kyaa Super Kool Hain Hum banned in Muscat and Kuwait |website=movies.ndtv.com |access-date=2 February 2022 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130129201645/http://movies.ndtv.com/movie_story.aspx?Section=Movies&ID=ENTEN20120211701&subcatg=MOVIESINDIA&keyword=bollywood&nid=252204 |archive-date=29 January 2013 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Sequel==
A sequel named [[Kyaa Kool Hain Hum 3]] was released on 22 January 2016.

==References==
<references>
<ref name="Review 1">{{cite web|title=Kyaa Super Kool Hain Hum (2012) Hindi Movie Critic Review by Taran Adarsh - Bollywood Hungama|url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/criticreview/id/545587|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120407190834/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/criticreview/id/545587|url-status=dead|archive-date=7 April 2012|website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]|author=Taran Adarsh}}{{Rating|3.5|5}}</ref>
<ref name="Review 2">{{cite web|title=Kya Super Kool Hain Hum review: Risqué but not crass|url=http://www.sify.com/movies/kya-super-kool-hain-hum-review-risqu-but-not-crass-review-bollywood-15003860.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131130100923/http://www.sify.com/movies/kya-super-kool-hain-hum-review-risqu-but-not-crass-review-bollywood-15003860.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=2013-11-30|website=[[Sify]]|author=Sonia Chopra}}{{Rating|3|5}}</ref>
<ref name="Review 3">{{cite news|title=Kyaa Super Kool Hain Hum Movie Review : Times Of India|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/movie-reviews/hindi/Kyaa-Super-Kool-Hai-Hum/movie-review/15161766.cms|work=Times of India|author=Madhureeta Mukherjee|access-date=8 August 2012|archive-date=7 November 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121107095224/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/movie-reviews/hindi/Kyaa-Super-Kool-Hai-Hum/movie-review/15161766.cms|url-status=live}}{{Rating|3|5}}</ref>
<ref name="Review 4">{{cite web|title=Movie Review : Kyaa Super Kool Hain Hum - India Today|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/reviews/story/movie-review-kyaa-super-kool-hain-hum-111404-2012-07-27|publisher=India Today|author=Vinayak Chakravorty|access-date=8 August 2012|archive-date=4 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304083101/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/movie-review-kyaa-super-kool-hain-hum/1/210638.html|url-status=live}}{{Rating|2.5|5}}</ref>
<ref name="Review 5">{{cite web|title=Kyaa Super Kool Hain Hum Review - Yahoo! Movies India|url=http://in.movies.yahoo.com/blogs/movie-reviews/kyaa-superkool-hain-hum-review-141340283.html|publisher=Yahoo!|author=Kunal Guha|access-date=30 July 2012|archive-date=13 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160313083340/https://in.movies.yahoo.com/blogs/movie-reviews/kyaa-superkool-hain-hum-review-141340283.html|url-status=live}}{{Rating|2|5}}</ref>
<ref name="Review 6">{{cite web|title=Aniruddha Guha reviews: Kyaa Super Kool Hain Hum ne dimaag ka macho diya|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/review_aniruddha-guha-reviews-kya-super-kool-hai-hum-ne-dimaag-ka-macho-diya_1720398|publisher=DNA India|author=Aniruddha Guha|access-date=27 July 2012|archive-date=29 July 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120729183009/http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/review_aniruddha-guha-reviews-kya-super-kool-hai-hum-ne-dimaag-ka-macho-diya_1720398|url-status=live}}{{Rating|2|5}}</ref>
<ref name="Review 7">{{cite web|title='Kyaa Super Kool Hain Hum' Review: Sheer absence of entertainment!|url=http://zeenews.india.com/entertainment/movies/kya-super-kool-hai-hum-review-no-brainer-this-one_116119.htm|publisher=Zee News|author=Shomini Sen|access-date=8 August 2012|archive-date=25 May 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130525012013/http://zeenews.india.com/entertainment/movies/kya-super-kool-hai-hum-review-no-brainer-this-one_116119.htm|url-status=live}}{{Rating|2|5}}</ref>
<ref name="Review 8">{{cite web|title=Anupama Chopra's review: Kyaa Super Kool Hain Hum|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/Entertainment/Reviews/Anupama-Chopra-s-review-Kyaa-Super-Kool-Hain-Hum/Article1-902912.aspx|work=Hindustan Times|author=Anupama Chopra|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120728050247/https://www.hindustantimes.com/Entertainment/Reviews/Anupama-Chopra-s-review-Kyaa-Super-Kool-Hain-Hum/Article1-902912.aspx|archive-date=28 July 2012|url-status=dead}}{{Rating|1.5|5}}</ref>
<ref name="Review 9">{{cite web|title=Masand: 'Kyaa Super Kool Hain Hum' is a cringe fest|url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/masand-kyaa-super-kool-hain-hum-is-a-cringe-fest/275433-47-84.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120729232520/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/masand-kyaa-super-kool-hain-hum-is-a-cringe-fest/275433-47-84.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=2012-07-29|publisher=CNN-IBN|author=Rajeev Masand}}{{Rating|1.5|5}}</ref>
<ref name="Review 10">{{cite web|title=Movie Review : Kyaa Super Kool Hain Hum - Daily Bhaskar|url=http://daily.bhaskar.com/article/ENT-movie-review-kyaa-super-kool-hain-hum-3578896.html|publisher=Daily Bhaskar|author=Mayank Shekhar|access-date=30 July 2012|archive-date=30 July 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120730090146/http://daily.bhaskar.com/article/ENT-movie-review-kyaa-super-kool-hain-hum-3578896.html|url-status=dead}}{{Rating|1.5|5}}</ref>
<ref name="Review 11">{{cite web|title=Review: Kyaa Super Kool Hain Hum isn't a cunning stunt|url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/review/review-kyaa-super-kool-hain-hum/20120727.htm|publisher=Rediff|author=Raja Sen|access-date=30 July 2012|archive-date=10 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210510061427/https://www.rediff.com/movies/review/review-kyaa-super-kool-hain-hum/20120727.htm|url-status=live}}{{Rating|1.5|5}}</ref>
<ref name="Review 12">{{cite web|title=Review: Kyaa Super Kool Hain Hum not cool at all|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/review_review-kya-super-kool-hai-hum-not-that-cool_1720514|publisher=DNA India|author=Blessy Chettiar|access-date=30 July 2012|archive-date=29 July 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120729183014/http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/review_review-kya-super-kool-hai-hum-not-that-cool_1720514|url-status=live}}{{Rating|1|5}}</ref>
<ref name="Review 13">{{cite web|title=Kyaa Super Kool Hain Hum Review - Mumbai Mirror|url=http://karananshuman.com/film/kya-super-kool-hain-hum/|work=Mumbai Mirror|author=Karan Anshuman|access-date=30 July 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130729024205/http://karananshuman.com/film/kya-super-kool-hain-hum/|archive-date=29 July 2013|url-status=dead}}{{Rating|1|5}}</ref>
<ref name="Review 14">{{cite web|title=Review: Kyaa Super Kool Hain Hum - NDTV Movies|url=http://movies.ndtv.com/movie_Review.aspx?id=731|publisher=NDTV|author=Saibal Chatterjee|access-date=27 July 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120730050532/http://movies.ndtv.com/movie_Review.aspx?id=731|archive-date=30 July 2012|url-status=dead}}{{Rating|1|5}}</ref>
<ref name="Review 15">{{cite web|title=Movie Review: Kya Super Kool Hain Hum - Mid-Day|url=http://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/2012/jul/270712-movie-review-kya-super-kool-hain-hum.htm|publisher=Mid-Day|author=Janhavi Samant|access-date=8 August 2012|archive-date=7 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230307012634/http://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/2012/jul/270712-movie-review-kya-super-kool-hain-hum.htm|url-status=live}}{{Rating|0.5|5}}</ref>
</references>

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|2027138}}

{{Kyaa Kool Hain Hum series}}
{{Balaji Telefilms}}

[[Category:2012 films]]
[[Category:2012 Hindi-language films]]
[[Category:2010s buddy comedy films]]
[[Category:2010s sex comedy films]]
[[Category:Indian buddy comedy films]]
[[Category:Indian sequel films]]
[[Category:Indian sex comedy films]]
[[Category:Balaji Motion Pictures films]]
[[Category:Films directed by Sachin Yardi]]
[[Category:2012 comedy films]]
[[Category:Films distributed by Eros International]]

Alif (2016 film)

2026-03-02T04:50:56Z

WilheminaJanzen: updated details

{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2017}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Alif
| image = Alif Hindi.jpg
| caption = Ladna nahi padna jaroori
| director = [[Zaigham Imam]]
| writer = Zaigham Imam
| producer = [[Pawan Tiwari]] 
Zaigham Imam
| starring = [[Neelima Azeem]] Danish Hussain Saud Mansuri [[Bhavna Pani]] Pawan Tiwari [[Aditya Om]]
| cinematography = Dipak Nayak
| editing = Prakash Jha
| music = [[Aman Pant]]
| studio = AB Infosoft JALSA Pictures
| distributor = Shiladitya Bora
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2016|11||Queensland|2017|02|03|}}
| country = India
| language = Hindi
}}

'''''Alif''''' is an Indian [[Hindi film]] jointly produced by [[Pawan Tiwari]]<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Pawan-Tiwari-gears-up-for-his-next-production/articleshow/55689373.cms|title=Pawan Tiwari gears up for his next production|website=[[The Times of India]]|date=29 November 2016 |access-date=2017-01-16}}</ref> and [[Zaigham Imam]]. Alif is written and directed by [[Zaigham Imam]]. The trailer of the film was launched by [[Uttar Pradesh]] Chief Minister [[Akhilesh Yadav]] and [[Jaya Bachchan]] on 27 December 2016.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://mumbaimirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/up-chief-minister-launches-alif-trailer/articleshow/56229025.cms|title= Mumbai Mirror|work=Centist|accessdate=10 December 2016}}</ref><ref>. The cermemony was attended by the likes of [[Abhishek Bachchan]], [[Jaya Bachchan]] and [[Anurag Kashyap]] {{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/amitabh-bachchan-attends-chief-minister-akhilesh-yadavs-film-alifs-trailer-launch/articleshow/56221328.cms|title=Amitabh Bachchan attends Chief Minister Akhilesh Yadav's film Alif's trailer launch|work=The Times of India|accessdate=10 December 2016}}</ref> It stars [[Neelima Azeem]], [[Bhavna Pani]], [[Pawan Tiwari]], Danish Hussain, Aditya Om, Saud Mansuri, Shimala Prasad<ref>{{cite web|url=https://m.bhaskar.com/news/c-8-ips-officer-simala-prasad-acts-in-bollywood-movie-alif-indore-news-NOR.html?referrer_url=http://www.google.co.in|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170131184631/https://m.bhaskar.com/news/c-8-ips-officer-simala-prasad-acts-in-bollywood-movie-alif-indore-news-NOR.html?referrer_url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.co.in|url-status=dead|archive-date=31 January 2017|title=IPS Officer Simala Prasad acts in Bollywood movie Alif}}</ref> as the lead characters.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-neelima-azim-opens-up-about-younger-son-ishan-khattar-s-bollywood-debut-2222943|title= Neelima Azeem Interview|work=Centist|accessdate=10 December 2016}}</ref>

Alif deals with the importance of modern education.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://english.jagran.com/lifestyle-entertainment-zaigham-imams-alif-is-an-eye-opener-85050|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170110162313/http://english.jagran.com/lifestyle-entertainment-zaigham-imams-alif-is-an-eye-opener-85050|url-status=dead|archive-date=10 January 2017|title= Zaigham Imam's Alif Is An Eye Opener|work=Centist|accessdate=10 December 2016}}</ref> The narrator of the film is veteran actress [[Jaya Bachchan]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://m.navbharattimes.indiatimes.com/movie-masti/news-from-bollywood/this-political-connection-made-jaya-bachchan-host-of-movie-alif/articleshow/56477418.cms|title=This political connection made Jaya Bachchan host of movie Alif}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.tellychakkar.com/movie/movie-news/producer-actor-pawan-tiwari-thrilled-receive-jaya-bachchan-s-support-his-movie|title=Producer-Actor Pawan Tiwari 'thrilled' to receive Jaya Bachchan's support for his movie}}</ref>

== Plot ==
A Tamil Muslim boy tries to adapt to the convent school culture. The tale is about the ordeals and hostilities that he faces.

== Cast ==
* [[Neelima Azeem]] as Zeher Raza
* [[Danish Husain]] as Mohammad Raza
* [[Bhavna Pani]]
* [[Pawan Tiwari]]
* [[Aditya Om]] as Jamal
* [[Mohammed Saud Mansuri]] as Ali Raza
* Shimala Prasad
* Gauri Shanker
* Ishaan

==Festivals==
''Alif'' premièred in the Indian International Film Festival of Queensland, Australia in November 2016. It also won the Best Screenplay and Best Child Artist award at the Bioscope Global Film Festival.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/Tale-of-dreams/article16967710.ece|title= Alif - Tale of dreams|work=Centist|accessdate=10 December 2016}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|6189880}}
* {{Facebook|AlifTheFilm}}

[[Category:Indian drama films]]
[[Category:2016 drama films]]
[[Category:2016 films]]
[[Category:2016 Hindi-language films]]
[[Category:2016 Indian films]]
[[Category:Hindi-language drama films]]
[[Category:Films about the education system in India]]
[[Category:Films about Islam]]

{{2010s-Hindi-film-stub}}
{{islam-film-stub}}

History of Kodagu

2026-02-28T06:23:25Z

WilheminaJanzen: minor edit

{{Use Indian English|date=July 2017}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2023}}

[[File:Kodagu in Karnataka (India).svg|right|thumb|200px|Kodagu: home of the Kodavas shown above in the map of Karnataka, India (in orange)]]
The district of [[Kodagu]] in present-day [[Karnataka]] comprises the area of the former princely state of the same name.

==Early history==
[[File:CromlechCoorg.jpg|thumb|left|200px|A [[Megalithic]] burial or "[[cromlech]]" near Virarajendrepet, Joshika in 1868]]
[[File:Portico of the Coorg Rajah's Palace at Somwaspett (May 1853, X, p.48) - Copy.jpg|thumb|left|200px|Portico of the Coorg Rajah's Palace at Somwaspett (May 1853, X, p.48)<ref name="Juvenile1853">{{cite journal|title=Portico of the Coorg Rajah's Palace at Somwaspett|journal=The Wesleyan Juvenile Offering: A Miscellany of Missionary Information for Young Persons|date=May 1853|volume=X|page=48|url=https://archive.org/details/wesleyanjuvenil19socigoog|accessdate=29 February 2016|publisher=Wesleyan Missionary Society}}</ref>]]

The earliest mention about Coorg can be seen in the works those date back to [[Sangam period]] (300 BCE – 300 CE). The [[Ezhimala]] dynasty had jurisdiction over two ''Nadu''s – The coastal ''[[Puzhinadu|Poozhinadu]]'' and the hilly eastern ''Karkanadu''.<ref>A Shreedhara Menon, A Survey of Kerala history</ref> According to the works of [[Sangam literature]], ''Poozhinadu'' consisted much of the coastal belt between [[Mangalore]] and [[Kozhikode]].<ref name="Census_Handbook">{{Cite book|title=District Census Handbook, Kasaragod (2011)|publisher=Directorate of Census Operation, Kerala|location=Thiruvananthapuram|pages=9|url=https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/3201_PART_B_KASARAGOD.pdf}}</ref> ''Karkanadu'' consisted of [[Wayanad]]-[[Gudalur, Nilgiris|Gudalur]] hilly region with parts of [[Kodagu]] (Coorg).<ref name="wnd">{{cite book
| author = Government of India | year=2014–15
| title= District Census Handbook – Wayanad (Part-B) 2011 | publisher=Directorate of Census Operations, Kerala
| url= https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/3203_PART_B_WAYANAD.pdf
}}</ref> [[Kannada]] inscriptions speak of ''Kudagu nad'' (parts of Kodagu, Western Mysore and Kerala) as well. Both the name of the natives and of the region are synonymous (Kodava-Kodavu; Kodaga-Kodagu; Coorgs-Coorg).<ref name="Kamath 1993 160">{{cite book|last=Kamath|first=Dr. S. U.|title=Karnataka State Gazetteer: Kodagu District|year=1993|publisher=Government Press|location=Bangalore|page=160}}</ref>

==The Haleri dynasty==
{{See also|Haleri Kingdom|Captivity of Kodavas at Seringapatam}}

===Early Haleri===
The [[Haleri Kingdom|Haleri dynasty]] was an offshoot of [[Nayakas of Keladi|Keladi Nayakas]] also called Ikkeri Arasu dynasty. Kodagu was independent of Mysore, which was hard pressed by enemies, and a prince of the [[Nayakas of Keladi|Ikkeri]] or [[Nayakas of Keladi|Bednur]] family (perhaps related to the Changalvas) succeeded in bringing the whole country under his sway, his descendants continuing to be [[Haleri Kingdom|Rajas of Kodagu]] till 1834. The capital was removed in 1681 by Muddu Raja to [[Madikeri]] (Mercara).

===Mysore Sultan===
[[File:Dungeon dwelling of Seringapatam.jpg|thumb|left|A [[dungeon]] at [[Seringapatam]]. Prisoners of war were imprisoned into such dungeons.]]
[[File:Edward Nash - Portrait of Mooda Maji of Coorg.jpg|right|thumb|A daughter of [[Dodda Vira Rajendra]]]]
[[File:The temple tank of Omkareshwara Temple of Madikeri.jpg|right|thumb|Omkareshwara Temple built by Linga Raja in Madikeri]]
In the late 1760s, Hyder Ali tried to invade Kodagu thrice and was defeated by the then general of Kodagu [[Kannanda Doddayya]]. In 1770 a disputed succession led to the intervention of [[Hyder Ali]] of Mysore in favour of Linga Raja, who had fled to him for justice, and whom he placed on the throne benevolently. As a gesture of his gratitude, the Raja ceded certain territories and offered to pay tribute. On Linga Rajas death in 1780 Hyder Ali interned his sons, who were minors, in a fort in Mysore, and installed a governor as their guardian at Mercara with a Mysore garrison. In 1782, however, the [[Kodava people|Kodava]] rose in rebellion and drove out the Mysore troops.

[[Tipu Sultan]] first negotiated with the Coorgs, worked an amicable settlement and made them feel secure. But then a surprise attack was launched upon the Kodavas following which 500 were killed and over 40,000 Kodavas fled to the woods and concealed themselves in the mountains. The Coorgs were defeated and a large number of them (including women and children) were taken captive. The territories seized were held down by garrisons in four forts. The captured Coorgis were subjected to forcible conversions to Islam. The prisoners were converted into Muslim Ahmadees. The young men were all forcibly circumcised and incorporated into the Ahmadee Corps. They were trained and made to form 8 Assad Ilahi (Asadulai) and Ahmadi Risalas (or regiments).

In 1788, however, [[Dodda Vira Rajendra|Dodda Vira Raja]] (or Vira Rajendra Wodeyar), with his wife and his brothers Linga Raja and Appaji, succeeded in escaping from his captivity, at Periapatam and, placing himself at the head of a [[Kodava people|Kodava]] rebellion, aligned with the British and succeeded in driving the forces of Tipu (who had aligned with the French) out of the country.<ref name="Coorg Memoirs">{{cite book |last1=Mögling |first1=Herrmann |title=Coorg Memoirs |date=1855 |page=222 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=k5ABAAAAQAAJ |access-date=28 June 2018}}</ref> On the spot where he had first met the British commander, General Abercromby, the Kodagu Raja founded the city of Virarajendrapet (this is now usually called [[Virajpet]]).<ref>{{cite web|title=A melting pot of cultures|url=http://www.deccanherald.com/content/212863/a-melting-pot-cultures.html|work=Deccan Herald|access-date=17 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170224150529/http://www.deccanherald.com/content/212863/a-melting-pot-cultures.html|archive-date=24 February 2017|date=19 December 2011}}</ref>

===Later Haleri===
[[File:Kheddah.jpg|thumb|right|200px]]

Dodda Vira Raja, who, in consequence of his mind becoming unhinged, was guilty towards the end of his reign of hideous atrocities, died in 1809 without male heirs, leaving his favourite daughter Devammji as Rani. His brother Linga Raja, however, after acting as regent for his niece, announced in 1811, his own assumption of the government. He died in 1820 and was succeeded by his son [[Chikka Virarajendra|Chikka Veera Raja]], a youth of twenty. He had members of the families of his predecessors, including Devammaji put to death.The last few Rajas and their family members married members of the Mukkatira and Palanganda Kodava families. At last, in 1833, overnight production of evidence of treasonable designs on the Raja's part led to inquiries on the spot by the British resident at Mysore, as the result of which, and of the Raja's refusal to amend his ways, a British force marched into Kodagu in 1834 after a medium-sized war, when the Raja surrendered. It was a short but bloody campaign that occurred in which a number of British men and officers were killed. Near Somwarpet, where the Coorgs were led by '''Mathanda Appachu''' the resistance had been most furious, by the Kodava warriors. But this [[Coorg War|Coorg campaign]] came to a quick end when the Rajah had to surrender to the British.<ref name="Kamath 1993 160"/><ref name="Muthanna 1953">{{cite book|last=Muthanna|first=I. M. |title=A Tiny Model State of South India|year= 1953 |publisher=Tiny Spot|location=Kodagu|page=99}}</ref><ref name="Ponnappa 1953">{{cite book|last=Ponnappa|first=Lt. Col. K. C. |title=A Study of the Origins of Coorgs|year= 1999 |publisher=Kodagu|location=Kodagu|page=23}}</ref>

==British rule==
[[File:Madras Prov 1859.gif|left|thumb|Coorg in 1859]]
[[File:Madras map 1913.jpg|thumb|Coorg province in British India in 1913]]
[[File:Nalknad Palace by Shashidhara Halady.jpg|thumb|Nalknad Palace]]
{{See also|Coorg War}}

On 11 April 1834, the raja was deposed by Colonel Fraser, the political agent with the force, and on 7 May the state was formally annexed to the [[East India Company]]'s territory, as Coorg. In 1852 the Raja, who had been deported to Vellore, obtained leave to visit England with his favourite daughter Gauramma, to whom he wished to give a European education. On 30 June she was baptised, [[Queen Victoria]] being one of her godmothers; she afterwards married a British officer who, after her death in 1864, mysteriously disappeared together with their child. Vira Raja himself died in 1863 and was buried in [[Kensal Green Cemetery]].<ref>[http://www.coorgnews.in/history/ Coorg History: CoorgNews.In website]</ref>

The Amara Sulya Movement of 1837 began when the British bifurcated Amara Sulya from Kodagu Samsthaana and demanded agricultural tax to be paid in the form of money by Sulya residents. The British had also deposed the Raja. The freedom movement to reinstate tradition over English Hegemony was led Sri Kedambadi Ramè Gowda, Coorgs, Koojugodu Mallayya Gowda and Chetty Kudiya among others.<ref name="Newspaper Report">{{cite web|author=Staff Correspondent|title=Appaiah Gowda's feats to be remembered|url=http://www.hindu.com/2004/10/31/stories/2004103102280300.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041116010812/http://www.hindu.com/2004/10/31/stories/2004103102280300.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=16 November 2004|work=[[The Hindu]]|date=2004-10-31|accessdate=23 October 2013}}</ref>{{Contradictory inline|article=History of Kodagu|section=British rule|reason=Some names in the source have been replaced here|date=December 2022}} After the rebellion the British presented Coorg chiefs who had remained loyal with gifts including horses, while a special [[Coorg Medal]] was awarded to chiefs, local leaders and those Kodavas who had supported the British during the conflict.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Mayo|first1=John Horsley|title= Medals and Decorations of the British Army and Navy, Volume II|date=1897|publisher= A. Constable & Co|page=[https://archive.org/details/medalsdecoration02mayouoft/page/531 531]-534|url=https://archive.org/details/medalsdecoration02mayouoft|accessdate=8 May 2019}}</ref>{{Contradictory inline|article=History of Kodagu|section=British rule|reason=The Kodava caste of the recipients are not mentioned in the source|date=December 2022}}

Coorg (Kodagu) was the smallest province in India, with an area of only 1,582 square miles (4,100 km2). As a [[British India|province of British India]], it was administered by a commissioner, subordinate to the [[Governor-General of India]] through the resident of Mysore, who was also officially chief commissioner of Coorg. Later freedom fighters from Kodagu supported the National Independence Movement. One of them, [[Pandyanda Belliappa]] was known as Kodagu's Gandhi.<ref name="News">{{cite news|last=Correspondent|first=C M Ramachandra|title=Coorg and the Reorganisation of States|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/karnataka/coorg-and-the-reorganisation-of-states/article5253820.ece|work=The Hindu|date=20 October 2013|accessdate=15 August 2017}}</ref><ref name="Kamath 1993 160"/>

==Independent India==
[[File: South Indian territories.svg|right|thumb|Map of South Indian states prior to the States Reorganisation Act,1956. Kodagu (then called Coorg) is in dark green.]]
{{See also|Coorg State}}

After India's independence in 1947, Coorg became a province, and in 1950 a state by name of [[Coorg State]] of Republic of India. In [[1952 Coorg Legislative Assembly election|1952 elections to the Coorg Legislative Assembly]] were held. In 1956, when India's state boundaries were reorganized along linguistic lines, it became a district of the then [[Mysore state]].

The Chief commissioners of Coorg were;
: 1947 – 1949 Dewan Bahadur Ketolira Chengappa
: 1949 – 1950 C.T. Mudaliar
: 1950 – 1956 Kanwar Daya Singh Bedi

The Chief minister 1952-1956 was [[C.M. Poonacha]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://rulers.org/indstat3.html|title = Indian states after 1947 A-L}}</ref>

Mysore state later became the modern state of [[Karnataka]], and the formal name of the district returned to the original, Kodagu.<ref name="britannica.com">{{cite encyclopedia|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/136442/Coorg |title=Coorg (district, India) |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica Encyclopedia|accessdate=2012-06-01}}</ref>

Many Coorgs joined the Indian army, the Indian hockey team and other sports. Prominent among them were [[K. M. Cariappa|Field Marshal K. M.Cariappa]], [[Kodandera Subayya Thimayya|General K.S.Thimayya]], Lt. Gen. Iyappa (BEL chairman Aiyappa), Sqdn Leader [[Ajjamada B. Devaiah]] (war martyr), hockey captain M P Ganesh, tennis player [[Rohan Bopanna]], CAG [[C. G. Somiah]], etc., [[Kodagu district#Notable people]]

==See also==
*[[Haleri Kingdom]]
*[[Kodagu]]
*[[Kodava people|Kodava]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Further reading==
{{Refbegin|colwidth=60em}}
* {{cite book |last=Richter |first=G |year=1870 |title=Manual of Coorg- A Gazetteer of the natural features of the country and the social and political condition of its inhabitants |url=https://archive.org/details/manualcoorgagaz00richgoog/page/n6/mode/2up |location=Mangalore |publisher=C Stolz, Basel Mission Book Depository |isbn=9781333863098}}
* {{Citation
| author = Government of Coorg | year=1953
| title= Handbook of Coorg Census-1951 | publisher=Assistant Commissioner and District Census Officer, Coorg
| url= http://lsi.gov.in:8081/jspui/bitstream/123456789/6036/1/42086_1951_COO.pdf
}}
{{Refend}}

==External links==
*[http://kushalmucon.blogspot.in/ Kodagu (Coorg) History]
*[http://www.coorg.com/district-profile/ COORG /Kodagu Information]

{{Karnataka topics}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kodagu}}
[[Category:History of Karnataka by district]]
[[Category:History of India by region]]
[[Category:History of Coorg]]

Achut Bibi's Mosque

2026-02-24T16:56:24Z

WilheminaJanzen: cleanup

{{Short description|Mosque and tomb in Gujarat, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2019}}
{{Infobox religious building
| building_name = Achut Bibi's Mosque
| infobox_width =
| image = Achyut Bibis Masjid and Tomb Ahmedabad 1855 (cropped).jpg
| caption = Achut Bibi's Mosque, 1862
| image_upright = 1.4
| alt =
| map_type = India Ahmedabad
| map_size = 250
| map_relief = 1
| map_caption = Location of the mosque and dargah in [[Ahmedabad]]
| location = Dudheshwar, [[Ahmedabad]], [[Gujarat]]
| country = [[India]]
| coordinates = {{coord|23.055606|72.582533|region:IN-GR|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
| religious_affiliation = [[Sunni Islam]]
| sect = [[Sufism]]
| festivals =
| consecration_year =
| status = [[Mosque]] and [[dargah]]
| functional_status = Active{{clarify|date=January 2025|reason=Is the mosque open for worship, or an historic site?}}
| heritage_designation =
| leadership =
| website =
| architect =
| architecture_type = {{nowrap|[[Mosque architecture]]}}
| architecture_style = [[Indo-Islamic architecture|Indo-Islamic]]
| founded_by =
| funded_by = Imad ul Mulk
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| year_completed = 1469
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| module = {{Infobox historic site
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| designation1 = MANI | designation1_offname = Achut Bibi's Mosque | designation1_type = | designation1_criteria = | designation1_date = | delisted1_date = | designation1_partof = | designation1_number = N-GJ-24 | designation1_free1name = | designation1_free1value = | designation1_free2name = | designation1_free2value = | designation1_free3name = | designation1_free3value = }}
}}
The '''Achut Bibi's Mosque''', also known as the '''Achut Bibi's Mosque and Tomb''', and locally as the '''Shahi Masjid''', is a [[Sufism|Sufi]] [[mosque]] and [[dargah]] complex, located on the bank of [[Sabarmati River]] in Dudheshwar, [[Ahmedabad]], in the state of [[Gujarat]], [[India]]. The mosque structure is a [[Monuments of National Importance (India)|Monument of National Importance]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://asi.nic.in/asi_monu_alphalist_gujarat.asp|title=List of Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Sites and Remains of Gujarat |work=[[Archaeological Survey of India]] |date= |access-date=2016-11-18}}</ref>

== History ==
Achut [Achhut] Bibi's mosque was built in 1469 by Haji Malik Bahauddin, entitled Imad ul-Mulk, one of [[Mahmud Begada]]'s (1459-1511) ministers, for his wife Bibi Achut Kuki whose tomb is close by. Very little is known about Bibi Achut Kuki. Possibly she was an important member of royal [[harem]].<ref name=gg>{{cite book|title=Gazetteer of the Bombay Presidency: Ahmedabad|year = 1879|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EL4IAAAAQAAJ&q=dastur+khan+mosque&pg=PA284|publisher=Government Central Press|page=284}} {{PD-notice}}</ref><ref name="The Hindu1">{{cite news|title=Adhesives injected to protect monuments|date=2001-02-19|url=http://www.thehindu.com/2001/02/19/stories/0219000h.htm|archive-url=https://archive.today/20141211185431/http://www.thehindu.com/2001/02/19/stories/0219000h.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=2014-12-11|work=[[The Hindu]]|access-date=2014-12-11}}</ref>

== Architecture ==
The mosque and tomb are enclosed in stone walls. The entrance has two arches and two [[minaret]]s. completed in the [[Indo-Islamic architecture|Indo-Islamic]] style. Its large enclosure was once adorned by seven minarets, three at the outer and two at the inner entrance, and two on the mosque itself. Except the lower parts of the mosque minarets, all seven were thrown down and destroyed in the [[1819 Rann of Kutch earthquake]].<ref name=gg/><ref name="The Hindu1"/>

The tomb complex of Bibi Achut Kuki is located on the south end of the mosque. It is an open canopy with thirty two pillars and eight domes under which several unmarked tombs are located. The exact tomb of Bibi is not identifiable as flagstones are missing.<ref name=gg/><ref name="The Hindu1"/> The tomb and mosque was damaged in the [[2001 Gujarat earthquake]] and was restored by [[Archaeological Survey of India]]. The structures are also threatened by encroachments.<ref name="The Hindu1"/><ref name="toi2011">{{cite news|title=PEARLS OF PAST: Need Some Elbow Room |work=[[The Times of India]] |date=25 November 2011 |url=http://epaper.timesofindia.com/Default/Layout/Includes/pastissues2/ArtWin.asp?From=Archive&Source=Page&Skin=pastissues2&BaseHref=TOIA%2F2011%2F11%2F25&ViewMode=HTML&PageLabel=2&EntityId=Ar00202&AppName=2 |access-date=7 December 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141213193323/http://epaper.timesofindia.com/Default/Layout/Includes/pastissues2/ArtWin.asp?From=Archive&Source=Page&Skin=pastissues2&BaseHref=TOIA%2F2011%2F11%2F25&ViewMode=HTML&PageLabel=2&EntityId=Ar00202&AppName=2 |archive-date=13 December 2014 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

== See also ==
{{stack|{{portal|India|Islam}}}}
* [[Islam in India]]
* [[List of mosques in India]]
* [[List of Monuments of National Importance in Gujarat]]

==References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
{{commons category-inline}}

{{Mosques in India}}
{{Ahmedabad topics|status=collapsed}}

[[Category:15th-century mosques in India]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures completed in 1469]]
[[Category:Dargahs in Gujarat]]
[[Category:Gujarat Sultanate mosques]]
[[Category:Monuments of National Importance in Gujarat]]
[[Category:Mosque buildings with domes in India]]
[[Category:Mosques completed in the 1460s]]
[[Category:Mosques in Ahmedabad]]
[[Category:Sufi mosques in India]]
[[Category:Sufism in Ahmedabad]]

Aralam Butterfly Sanctuary

2026-02-22T04:17:32Z

WilheminaJanzen: started new data

{{Short description|Nature reserve in Kerala, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2019}}
{{Infobox protected area
| name = Aralam Butterfly Sanctuary
| alt_name =
| iucn_category = IV
| image = ആറളം വന്യജീവി സംരക്ഷണകേന്ദ്രം-കവാടം.jpg
| image_alt =
| image_caption = Entrance of Butterfly
| image_size =
| map = India Kerala#India
| map_alt =
| map_caption = Map of [[Kerala]], [[India]]
| map_width =
| relief = 1
| mapframe = Yes
| location = [[Kerala]], southwest [[India]]
| nearest_city =
| coordinates = {{coords|11.87878|75.88864|region:IN-KL|notes=<ref>{{Cite web |url= http://protectedplanet.net/sites/Aralam_Sanctuary |title= Aralam Sanctuary |work=protectedplanet.net}}</ref>|display=inline, title}}
| area = {{Convert|55|km2|abbr=on}}
| established = 1984
| visitation_num =
| visitation_year =
| governing_body =
| url = {{URL|http://www.aralam.org/}}
| child =
| module =
}}
[[File:Mud-puddling-Aralam-2016-10-29-001.jpg|thumb|250px|[[Mud-puddling]] several butterflies (''[[Hebomoia glaucippe]]'', ''[[Graphium teredon]]'', ''[[Prioneris sita]]'', ''[[Cepora nadina]]'', ''[[Appias albina]]'' and ''[[Eurema hecabe]]'') from the dry [[stream bed]] at Aralam Wildlife Sanctuary.]]
'''Aralam Butterfly Sanctuary''' is the northernmost [[List of wildlife sanctuaries of India|wildlife sanctuary]] of [[Kerala]], southwest [[India]]. It is {{Convert|55|km2|abbr=on}} in area and located on the western slope of [[Western Ghats|the Western Ghats]]. It was established in 1984 with its headquarters near [[Iritty]] with the name Aralam Wildlife Sanctuary. In July 2025, it was renamed to Aralam Butterfly Sanctuary.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2025-07-03 |title=India gets its first butterfly sanctuary in Kerala's Aralam Forest - CNBC TV18 |url=https://www.cnbctv18.com/india/environment/india-gets-its-first-butterfly-sanctuary-in-kerala-aralam-forest-19631123.htm |access-date=2025-07-05 |website=CNBCTV18 |language=en}}</ref> Aralam Butterfly Sanctuary is situated in the southeast part of Kannur District. It is home to over 266 species of Butterflies, including a number of endangered species.<ref name=":0" />

== Description ==
It lies between 11° 54′ and 11° 59′ north latitude and 75° 47′ and 75° 57′ east longitude.

The sanctuary area falls in Aralam, Kelakam and Kottiyoor revenue villages and is located in the northwest slopes of Western Ghats contiguous with the forests of [[Kodagu district|Kodagu (Coorg) district]] of [[Karnataka]] state.

The PA (protected area) consists of Aralam Range, the only range of Aralam wildlife division, which is part of Northern Wildlife Circle (Northern Region) Palakkad. The extent of the sanctuary is {{convert|55|km2}}. The sanctuary was constituted in 1984 as per GO (P) 300/84/AD dated 15 October 1984.

It was formed by carving out areas from the Odanthode Malavaram of Thalassery special division which was an erstwhile private forest, subsequently taken over by Govt. as per the provisions of the Kerala Private Forests (vesting and assignment) Act 1971 and from the Kottiyoor RF of Wayanad Forest Division.

The vested forest portion of the sanctuary is {{convert|32.64|km2}} and the 22.36 km2 is part of Kottiyoor RF (Reserved Forest).

Till 30.6.98 this sanctuary was a range in Wayanad Wildlife Division. It started functioning as an independent wildlife division since 1.7.98 as per GO (MS) 36/98 dated 27.5.98.

In the First Management Plan the entire area was divided into two zones viz: the Core Zone and the Buffer Zone. Climatic factors include rainfall, temperature, humidity, frost and so on.

* Average rainfall: 4000 mm
* Temperature: 11.0°C to 40.0°C
* Humidity: 60 to 100 %
* Wind: Regular wind during Southwest monsoon
* Water source: Aralam River, Cheenkannipuzha River.

==Conditions==

===Rainfall===
Rainfall data available in the Central State Farm, Aralam, which is just adjoining to the sanctuary area has been analysed.
The major source of moisture in the tract is in the form of rainfall. The total annual rainfall seldom falls below 4000 mm.
The maximum annual value for the nine years data available is 5052.60 mm and the minimum is 3745.50 mm.
In specialised localities, in the higher reaches (where there are no rain gauges), the rainfall goes as high as over 6000 mm.
Most (more than 70%) of the rainfall is obtained during the southwest monsoon in June, July and August months.

The retreating monsoon though less pronounced, is an important source of moisture in October, November and December, which constitutes 14% of the total. Summer rains vary widely and is not dependable.

In the Peninsular India the vegetation type and growing period are determined by the extent of dry period rather than by the amount of rainfall.

The spread of rainy days across time (around the year) is a crucial determining factor in the plant growth. The dry period in the area varies between three and four months when the monthly rainfall is below 50 mm, and the number of rainy days varies from 100 to 120. Variation is observed in the quantity of rainfall as the altitude changes to higher levels.

===Temperature===
The temperature at the foothills varies from 11.0°C to 40.0°C. The diurnal variations are moderate. As the altitude increases the variation is comparatively small, between 8.0°C and 25.0°C. The hottest months are April and May. December to February is relatively cool.

===Humidity===
At the foothills the humidity varies from 60% to 100%.

===Winds===
Regular winds lash the area during the southwest monsoon period. Strong winds of dry nature blow from September to April, causing dryness in the locality with the result there is a fire hazard, especially in the deciduous forests.

===Microclimate===
Locations where very high rainfall and peculiar soil conditions in the folds of the hills bring in specialised microclimatic situations leading to a peculiar habitat, which supports relatively specialised vegetation. Such portions are found here and there on the higher reaches.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.aralam.org/ |title=www.aralam.org |access-date=2009-09-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090901052138/http://www.aralam.org/ |archive-date=2009-09-01 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

==References==
{{Commons category|Aralam Wildlife Sanctuary}}
{{reflist}}

{{Protected areas of Kerala}}
{{Tourism in Kerala}}

[[Category:South Western Ghats montane rain forests]]
[[Category:Wildlife sanctuaries of the Western Ghats]]
[[Category:Important Bird Areas of India]]
[[Category:Wildlife sanctuaries in Kerala]]
[[Category:Protected areas of Kerala]]
[[Category:1984 establishments in Kerala]]
[[Category:Protected areas established in 1984]]
[[Category:Geography of Kannur district]]
[[Category:Geography of Palakkad district]]
[[Category:Tourist attractions in Palakkad district]]
[[Category:Tourist attractions in Kannur district]]

[https://web.archive.org/web/20151102062510/http://holidaysinkeralam.com/7539-2-top-wild-life-sanctuaries-in-kerala/ Holidays in keralam]

Hindu art

2026-02-16T05:28:55Z

WilheminaJanzen: Article updated with improved flow

{{Short description|Art associated with Hindus}}
{{cleanup lang|date=December 2022}}
{{multiple image
| perrow = 2
| total_width = 335
| caption_align = center
| align = right
| direction = horizontal
| header = Hindu art
| image1 = Matsya Avatar, ca 1870.jpg
| caption1 =
| image2 = Ganesha Kangra miniature 18th century Dubost p51.jpg
| image3 = Vishnu Avatars.jpg
| image4 = Nepal, varahi, xiv secolo.jpg
| image5 = Shiva as the Lord of Dance LACMA edit.jpg
| image6 = Ganesha in Bronze Vijayanagar Empire 13th century II.jpg
| footer = Hindu artworks and artifacts from different periods.
}}
{{Hinduism}}

'''Hindu art''' encompasses the artistic traditions and styles culturally connected to [[Hinduism]] and have a long history of religious association with Hindu scriptures, rituals and worship.

== Background ==
[[Hinduism]], with its [[Hinduism by country|1.2 billion followers]], is the religion of about 15-16 % of the world's population<ref>{{cite web|title=The Global Religious Landscape – Hinduism|url=http://www.pewforum.org/global-religious-landscape-hindu.aspx|work=A Report on the Size and Distribution of the World’s Major Religious Groups as of 2010|publisher=The pew foundation|access-date=31 March 2013|archive-date=6 May 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130506104814/http://www.pewforum.org/global-religious-landscape-hindu.aspx|url-status=dead}}</ref> and as such the culture that ensues it is full of different aspects of life that are effected by art. There are 64 traditional arts that are followed that start with the classics of music and range all the way to the application and adornment of jewellery.<ref>"Heart of Hinduism: Sanskrit and Sanskriti (Culture)." 2004, 30 Mar 2009. < http://hinduism.iskcon.com/lifestyle/801.htm {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100729214629/http://hinduism.iskcon.com/lifestyle/801.htm |date=2010-07-29 }}>.</ref> Since religion and culture are inseparable with Hinduism recurring symbols such as the gods and their reincarnations, the [[Padma (attribute)|lotus]] flower, extra limbs, and even the traditional arts make their appearances in many sculptures, paintings, music, and dance.

== History ==
=== Earliest depictions of Hindu deities (3rd-2nd centuries BCE) ===
{{multiple image
| perrow = 3
| total_width = 400
| caption_align = center
| align = right
| direction = horizontal
| header = Early depictions of Hindu deities
| image1 = MauryanBalaramaCoin3rd-2ndCenturyCE.jpg
| caption1 = [[Balarama]] (lower right) on a [[Mauryan empire]] [[punch-marked coin|coin]], 3rd BCE.<ref name="OB" />
| image2 = Lakshmi on Pantaleon coin.jpg
| caption2 = [[Lakshmi]] on a coin of [[Pantaleon]], circa 180 BCE<ref name="JN" />
| image3 = Coin of the Bactrian King Agathokles.jpg
| caption3 = Coins of [[Agathocles of Bactria|Agathocles]] with [[Hindu]] deities [[Balarama]]-[[Samkarshana]] and [[Vasudeva-Krishna]], with Greek and [[Brahmi]] script, circa 180 BCE.<ref name="JN" />
| footer =
}}

It is thought that before the adoption of stone sculpture, there was an older tradition of using clay or wood to represent Indian deities, which, because of their inherent fragility, have not survived.<ref>"The folk art typifies an older plastic tradition in clay and wood which was now put in stone, as seen in the massive Yaksha statuary which are also of exceptional value as models of subsequent divine images and human figures." in {{cite book |last1=Agrawala |first1=Vasudeva Sharana |title=Indian Art: A history of Indian art from the earliest times up to the third century A. D |date=1965 |publisher=Prithivi Prakashan |page=84 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dfrpAAAAMAAJ |language=en}}</ref>

There are no remains of such representations, but an indirect testimony appears in the some punch-marked coins of the [[Mauryan Empire]], as well as the coinage of the [[Indo-Greek]] king [[Agathocles of Bactria|Agathocles]], who issued coins with the image of Indian deities, together with legends in the Brami script, circa 180-190 BCE.<ref name="JN">{{cite book |last1=Neelis |first1=Jason |title=Early Buddhist Transmission and Trade Networks: Mobility and Exchange Within and Beyond the Northwestern Borderlands of South Asia |date=2010 |publisher=BRILL |isbn=978-90-04-18159-5 |pages=102–103 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GB-JV2eOr2UC&pg=PA102 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="OB">{{cite book |last1=Bopearachchi |first1=Osmund |title=Achaemenids and Mauryans: Emergence of Coins and Plastic Arts in India |url=https://www.academia.edu/32725727 |language=en}}</ref> The deity illustrated in some of the [[punch-marked coins]] of the 3rd century BCE is now generally thought to be [[Balarama]], with his attributes: a plough in his raised left hand and pestle in his raised right hand.<ref>"Various attempts were made by numismatists to identify the human figures holding various attributes, appearing on the Imperial series of the punch-marked coins dated to the 3rd century BCE. The recent article by Wilfried Pieper has proposed a comprehensive survey of these coins with Vaiṣṇava divinities. The god most probably holding a plough in his raised left hand and pestle in his raised right hand is no doubt Balarāma." in {{cite book |last1=Bopearachchi |first1=Osmund |title=Achaemenids and Mauryans: Emergence of Coins and Plastic Arts in India |url=https://www.academia.edu/32725727 |language=en}}</ref> Some of the first known illustrations of proto-Hindu deities appearing on Hellenistic coinage, as witnessed by the Indo-Greeks in the northwest of the Indian subcontinent, are generally identified as [[Balarama]]-[[Samkarshana]] and [[Vasudeva-Krishna]], together with their attributes, especially the [[Gada (mace)|Gada]] mace and the [[plow]] for the former, and the [[Vishnu]] attributes of the [[Shankha]] (a pear-shaped case or conch) and the [[Sudarshana Chakra]] wheel for the latter.<ref name="JN" /><ref name="Bopearachchi">[[Osmund Bopearachchi]], 2016, [https://www.academia.edu/25807197/Emergence_of_Vi%E1%B9%A3%E1%B9%87u_and_%C5%9Aiva_Images_in_India_Numismatic_and_Sculptural_Evidence Emergence of Viṣṇu and Śiva Images in India: Numismatic and Sculptural Evidence]</ref> According to Bopearachchi, the headdress is actually a misrepresentation of a shaft with a half-moon parasol on top ([[chattra]]), as seen in later statues of [[bodhisattva]]s in [[Mathura]]. It is therefore thought that images predating the coins (but now lost) served as models to the engravers.<ref name="Bopearachchi" />

{{multiple image|perrow=2|total_width=300|caption_align=center
| align = right
| direction =vertical
| header=Early Hindu reliefs
| image1 = Katra architrave, Mathura 100 BCE.jpg
| caption1 =The Katra architrave, possibly representing [[Brahmin]]s and the cult of the [[Shiva]] [[Linga]], Mathura, circa 100 BCE<ref name="BRILL">{{cite book |last1=Quintanilla |first1=Sonya Rhie |title=History of Early Stone Sculpture at Mathura: Ca. 150 BCE – 100 CE |date=2007 |publisher=BRILL |isbn=9789004155374 |pages=47–49, Fig. 29 and 30 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=X7Cb8IkZVSMC&pg=PA47 |language=en}}</ref>
| image2 = Worship of Shiva Linga by Gandharvas - Shunga Period - Bhuteshwar - ACCN 3625 - Government Museum - Mathura 2013-02-24 6098.JPG
| caption2 = Worship of Shiva Linga by Gandharvas, 2nd-1st century BCE
}}
The dancing girls on some of the coins of Agathocles and [[Pantaleon]] are also sometimes considered as representations of [[Lakshmi]], the consort of Vishnu, [[Subhadra]], the sister of [[Krishna]] and [[Balarama]], and also [[Vasudhara]], a goddess of abundance and fortune for Buddhists.<ref name="Bopearachchi" />

=== Early reliefs (1st century BCE) ===
By 100 BCE in the [[art of Mathura]], reliefs start to represent more complex scenes, defining, according to Sonya Rhie Quintanilla, an age of "iconic diversification and narrative maturation." Some reliefs, such as the "Katra architrave," may represent [[Brahmin]]s and the cult of the [[Shiva]] [[Linga]]. These reliefs from [[Mathura]] are dated to circa 100 BCE.<ref name="BRILL">{{cite book |last1=Quintanilla |first1=Sonya Rhie |title=History of Early Stone Sculpture at Mathura: Ca. 150 BCE – 100 CE |date=2007 |publisher=BRILL |isbn=9789004155374 |pages=47–49, Fig. 29 and 30 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=X7Cb8IkZVSMC&pg=PA47 |language=en}}</ref> Although few remain, some are considered as refined and intricate as the Buddhist narrative reliefs of [[Bharhut]], [[Sanchi]] or [[Amaravati]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Quintanilla |first1=Sonya Rhie |title=History of Early Stone Sculpture at Mathura, ca. 150 BCE – 100 CE |date=2007 |publisher=BRILL |isbn=9789047419303 |page=42 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rtqvCQAAQBAJ&pg=PA19 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="EIAA">{{cite book |last1=Kumar |first1=Raj |title=Essays on Indian Art and Architecture |date=2003 |publisher=Discovery Publishing House |isbn=9788171417155 |pages=50–51 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BT77yuqxGj4C&pg=PA50 |language=en}}</ref>

=== Hindu art under the Kushans (2nd-3rd century CE) ===
[[File:Chaturvuyha Sankarshan Vasudeva 2nd century CE, Mathura Museum.jpg|thumb|The ''[[Caturvyūha Viṣṇu]]'': [[Vāsudeva]] and other members of the [[Vrishni clan]].<ref name="CV">{{cite journal |last1=Paul |first1=Pran Gopal |last2=Paul |first2=Debjani |title=Brahmanical Imagery in the Kuṣāṇa Art of Mathurā: Tradition and Innovations |journal=East and West |date=1989 |volume=39 |issue=1/4 |pages=132–136, for the photograph p.138 |issn=0012-8376|jstor=29756891 }}</ref> Vāsudeva (avatar of [[Vishnu]]) is fittingly in the center with his heavy decorated mace on the side and holding a conch, his elder brother [[Balarama]] to his right under a serpent hood, his son [[Pradyumna]] to his left (lost), and his grandson [[Aniruddha]] on top.<ref name="CV" /><ref name="DS39" /> 2nd century CE, Mathura Museum.]]
What we call "Hindu art" started to develop fully from the 1st to the 2nd century CE, and there are only very few examples of artistic representation before that time.<ref name="PPG125">{{cite journal |last1=Paul |first1=Pran Gopal |last2=Paul |first2=Debjani |title=Brahmanical Imagery in the Kuṣāṇa Art of Mathurā: Tradition and Innovations |journal=East and West |date=1989 |volume=39 |issue=1/4 |page=125 |issn=0012-8376|jstor=29756891 }}</ref> Hindu art was inspired by the earlier Buddhist art of Mathura. The three Vedic gods [[Indra]], [[Brahma]] and [[Surya]] were first depicted in Buddhist sculpture as attendants in scenes commemorating the life of the Buddha, such as his birth, his [[Trāyastriṃśa|descent from the Trāyastriṃśa Heaven]], or his retreat in the [[Indrasala Cave]].<ref name="PPG125" /> During the time of the Kushans, Hindu art progressively incorporated a profusion of original Hindu stylistic and symbolic elements, in contrast with the general balance and simplicity of Buddhist art. The differences appear in iconography rather than in style.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Honour |first1=Hugh |last2=Fleming |first2=John |title=A World History of Art |date=2005 |publisher=Laurence King Publishing |isbn=978-1-85669-451-3 |page=244 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qGb4pyoseH4C&pg=PP244 |language=en}}</ref> It is generally considered that it is in Mathura, during the time of the Kushans, that the Brahmanical deities were given their standard form:
{{quote|"To a great extent it is in the visual rendering of the various gods and goddesses of theistic Brahmanism that the Mathura artist displayed his ingenuity and inventiveness at their best. Along with almost all the major cult icons Visnu, Siva, Surya, Sakti and Ganapati, a number of subsidiary deities of the faith were given tangible form in Indian art here for the first time in an organized manner. In view of this and for the variety and multiplicity of devotional images then made, the history of Mathura during the first three centuries of the Christian era, which coincided with the rule of the Kusanas, can very well be called revolutionary in the development of Brahmanical sculpture."|Pran Gopal Paul and Debjani Paul, in ''Brahmanical Imagery in the Kuṣāṇa Art of Mathurā: Tradition and Innovations''<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Paul |first1=Pran Gopal |last2=Paul |first2=Debjani |title=Brahmanical Imagery in the Kuṣāṇa Art of Mathurā: Tradition and Innovations |journal=East and West |date=1989 |volume=39 |issue=1/4 |pages=111–143 |issn=0012-8376|jstor=29756891 }}</ref>}}

Some sculptures during this period suggest that the concept of the [[avatar]] was starting to emerge, as images of ''"[[Vyuha|Chatur-vyuha]]"'' (the four emanations of [[Vishnu]]) are appearing.<ref name="US439">{{cite book |last1=Singh |first1=Upinder |title=A History of Ancient and Early Medieval India: From the Stone Age to the 12th Century |date=2008 |publisher=Pearson Education India |isbn=978-81-317-1677-9 |page=439 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Pq2iCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA439 |language=en}}</ref> The famous "Caturvyūha Viṣṇu" statue in Mathura Museum is an attempt to show in one composition [[Vāsudeva]] (as an avatar of Vishnu) together with the other members of the [[Vrishni clan]] of the [[Pancharatra]] system: [[Samkarsana]], [[Pradyumna]] and [[Aniruddha]], with [[Samba (Krishna's son)|Samba]] missing, Vāsudeva being the central deity from whom the others emanate.<ref name="CV" /><ref name="DS39">{{cite journal |last1=Srinivasan |first1=Doris |title=Early Vaiṣṇava Imagery: Caturvyūha and Variant Forms |journal=Archives of Asian Art |date=1979 |volume=32 |pages=39–40 |issn=0066-6637|jstor=20111096 }}</ref> The back of the relief is carved with the branches of a [[Kadamba tree]], symbolically showing the relationship being the different deities.<ref name="CV" /> The depiction of Vishnu was stylistically derived from the type of the ornate Bodhisattvas, with rich jewelry and ornate headdress.<ref name="CBP2013">{{cite journal |last1=Bautze-Picron |first1=Claudine |title=A neglected Aspect of the Iconography of Viṣṇu and other Gods and Goddesses |journal=Journal of the Indian Society of Oriental Arts |date=2013 |volume=XXVIII-XXIX |pages=81–92 |url=https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00753613v2/document}}</ref>

<gallery>
File:Surya - Kushan Period - Kankali Mound - ACCN 12-269 - Government Museum - Mathura 2013-02-23 5839.JPG|Sun God [[Surya]], also revered in Buddhism, Kushan Period
Shiva Linga worshipped by Kushan devotees Mathura circa 2nd century CE.jpg|[[Shiva]] [[Linga]] worshipped by Indo-Scythian,<ref name="PPG128">{{cite journal|last1=Paul|first1=Pran Gopal|last2=Paul|first2=Debjani|title=Brahmanical Imagery in the Kuṣāṇa Art of Mathurā: Tradition and Innovations|journal=East and West|date=1989|volume=39|issue=1/4|page=128|issn=0012-8376|jstor=29756891 }}</ref> or Kushan devotees, 2nd century CE
File:Karttikeya and Agni - Circa 1st Century CE - Katra Keshav Dev - ACCN 40-2883 - Government Museum - Mathura 2013-02-23 5717.JPG|War God [[Karttikeya]] and Fire God [[Agni]], Kushan Period, 1st century CE
File:The Hindu God Shiva LACMA M.69.15.1 (3 of 3).jpg|The Hindu God Shiva, 3rd century CE. Mathura or Ahichchhatra
File:Standing Goddess Sashti Between Two Warriors Skanda and Visakha - Circa 2nd Century CE - ACCN 00-F-13 - Government Museum - Mathura 2013-02-23 5789.JPG|Kushan-era image of [[Shashthi]] between [[Kartikeya|Skanda]] and [[Vishakha]], c. 2nd century CE
File:CoinOfHuvishkaWithOisho.JPG|Three-faced [[Oesho]], often identified with [[Shiva]], on a coin of [[Huvishka]]<ref name="JMR93">{{cite book|last1=Rosenfield|first1=John M.|title=The Dynastic Arts of the Kushans|date=1967|publisher=University of California Press|page=93|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=udnBkQhzHH4C&pg=PA93|language=en}}</ref>
</gallery>

=== Hindu art under the Guptas (4th-6th century CE) ===
{{multiple image|perrow=2|total_width=250|caption_align=center
| align = right
| direction =vertical
| header=Iconography of Vishnu (5th century CE)
| image1 = MET DP323567.jpg
| caption1 = A terracotta statue of Vishnu ''Caturanana'' ("Four-Armed"), using the attributes of [[Vāsudeva-Krishna]], with the addition of an [[aureole]] around the head (5th century CE). [[Uttar Pradesh]].<ref name="CS" />
| image2 = Visnu Visvarupa, 5th century CE, Mathura.jpg
| caption2 = ''[[Vishvarupa|Visnu Visvarupa]]'': Vishnu as three-headed cosmic creator, showing Vishnu with a human head, flanked by his avatars (the head of a lion for [[Narasimha]], the muzzle of a boar for [[Varaha]]) with a multitude of beings on his aureole, symbol of the emanations resulting from his creative power. 5th century CE, Mathura.<ref name="CS" />
}}
The first known creation of the Guptas related to Hindu art at Mathura is [[:File:Inscribed Pillar - Recording Installation of Two Shiva Lingas by Udita Acharya in the Reign of Chandragupta Vikramaditya - 380 CE - Rangeshwar Temple - ACCN 29-1931 - Government Museum - Mathura 2013-02-23 5503.JPG|an inscribed pillar]] recording the installation of two [[Shiva]] [[Linga]]s in 380 CE under [[Chandragupta II]], Samudragupta's successor.<ref name="vmis.in">{{cite web |title=Collections-Virtual Museum of Images and Sounds |url=https://vmis.in/ArchiveCategories/collection_gallery_zoom?id=1335&search=1&index=161816&searchstring=year%2061 |website=vmis.in |publisher=American Institute of Indian Studies}}</ref>

==== Development of the iconography of Vishnu ====
Until the 4th century CE, the worship of [[Vāsudeva-Krishna]] seems to have been much more important than that of Vishnu.<ref name="CS" /> During the Gupta period, statues focusing on the worship of [[Vishnu]] start to appear, replacing earlier statues now attributed to [[Vāsudeva-Krishna]].<ref name="CS" /> Many of the statues of Vishnu appearing from the 4th century CE, such as the ''Vishnu Caturanana'' ("Four-Armed"), use the attributes and the iconography of Vāsudeva-Krishna, but add an [[aureole]] starting at the shoulders.<ref name="CS" />

Other statues of Vishnu show him as three-headed (with an implied fourth head in the back): the ''[[Vaikuntha Chaturmurti|Visnu Vaikuntha Chaturmurti]]'' or ''Chaturvyuha'' ("Four-Emanations") type, where Vishnu has a human head, flanked by the muzzle of a boar (his avatar [[Varaha]]) and the head of a lion (his avatar [[Narasimha]]), two of his most important and ancient avatars, laid out upon his aureole.<ref name="CS" /> Recent scholarship considers that these "Vishnu" statues still show the emanation Vāsudeva Krishna as the central human-shaped deity, rather than the Supreme God Vishnu himself.<ref>"Because they date to a period when the Pancharatra sect was most influential, these two images are probably best identified as Chaturvyuha (or Four-Vyuha) Vishnu. The central face is that of Vishnu’s most supreme, most transcendent vyuha, or emanation, known as Vasudeva. The subsequent, less abstract vyuhas, in the form of a lion and a boar, appear at either side, with another vyuha implied at the back. The positions of the lion and boar heads differ in these two pieces, indicating that there was some disagreement about the way the viewer should read such an icon." {{cite web |title=Brooklyn Museum |url=https://www.brooklynmuseum.org/opencollection/objects/106164 |website=www.brooklynmuseum.org}}</ref><ref name="CS" />

A further variation is Vishnu as three-headed cosmic creator, the ''[[Vishvarupa|Visnu Visvarupa]]'', showing Vishnu with a human head, again flanked by the muzzle of a boar the head of a lion, but with a multitude of beings on his aureole, symbol of the numerous creations and emanations resulting from his creative power.<ref name="CS">For English summary, see page 80 {{cite book |last1=Schmid |first1=Charlotte |title=Les Vaikuṇṭha gupta de Mathura : Viṣṇu ou Kṛṣṇa? |date=1997 |pages=60–88 |url=https://www.persee.fr/doc/arasi_0004-3958_1997_num_52_1_1401}}</ref> These sculptures can be dated to the 5th century CE.<ref name="CS" />

==== Incorporation of Lakshmi ====
In the 3rd-4th century CE, [[Lakshmi]], which had been an independent Goddess of prosperity and luck, was incorporated in the [[Vaishnava]] pantheon as the consort of [[Vishnu]].<ref>"By about the 3rd/4th century CE, Shri Lakshmi was absorbed into the Vaishnava pantheon as the consort of Vishnu" in {{cite book |last1=Singh |first1=Upinder |title=A History of Ancient and Early Medieval India: From the Stone Age to the 12th Century |date=2008 |publisher=Pearson Education India |isbn=978-81-317-1677-9 |page=438 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Pq2iCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA438 |language=en}}</ref> She thus became the [[Hindu goddess]] of wealth, good fortune, prosperity and beauty.<ref>{{cite book|author=James G. Lochtefeld|title=The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Hinduism: A-M|url=https://archive.org/details/illustratedencyc0000loch|url-access=registration|year=2002|publisher=The Rosen Publishing Group|isbn=978-0-8239-3179-8|pages=[https://archive.org/details/illustratedencyc0000loch/page/n397 385]–386|access-date=15 October 2016|df=dmy-all}}; Quote: "[Goddess] Lakshmi is associated with wealth, good fortune, and prosperity, and is considered the embodiment of all these things."</ref>

<gallery>
File:Inscribed Pillar - Recording Installation of Two Shiva Lingas by Udita Acharya in the Reign of Chandragupta Vikramaditya - 380 CE - Rangeshwar Temple - ACCN 29-1931 - Government Museum - Mathura 2013-02-23 5503.JPG|Pillar recording the installation of [[Shiva]] [[Lingam|Lingas]] in the "year 61" (380 CE) during the rule of [[Chandragupta II]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Agrawal |first1=Ashvini |title=Rise and Fall of the Imperial Guptas |date=1989 |publisher=Motilal Banarsidass Publ. |isbn=978-81-208-0592-7 |pages=98 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hRjC5IaJ2zcC&pg=PA99 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="vmis.in" />
File:WLA brooklynmuseum Vishnu Caturanana Four Armed red sandstone.jpg|Four-faced Vishnu ''Chaturvyuha'' ("Four-Emanations"), 4th-5th century, Mathura
File:Vishnu of Mathura, 5th century.jpg|[[Vishnu]] ''Caturanana'' ("Four-Armed"), 5th century, Mathura
File:Vishnu sculpture.jpg|Vishnu statue, 5th century, Mathura.
File:Bust of Brahma - Circa 6th Century CE - Mathura - Uttar Pradesh - Indian Museum - Kolkata 2013-04-10 7756.JPG|Bust of [[Brahma]], Circa 6th Century CE
File:Ganesha - Gupta Period - ACCN 15-758 - Government Museum - Mathura 2013-02-23 5418.JPG|Ganesha, Gupta Period, Mathura
</gallery>

=== Medieval period (8th-16th century) ===
Hindu art became largely prevalent from the [[Medieval India|Medieval period]] onward. It was accompanied by the [[decline of Buddhism in the Indian subcontinent]].
<gallery>
File:Balarama - Early Mediaeval Period - Maholi - ACCN 18-1515 - Government Museum - Mathura 2013-02-23 5791.JPG|[[Balarama]] from Mathura, [[Medieval India|Early Medieval period]] (8th-13th century CE).
File:Sarvatobhadra Shiva Linga Representing Brahma Vishnu Maheshwar and Surya - Circa 9th Century CE - ACCN TAN-2008 - Government Museum - Mathura 2013-02-23 5307.JPG|Sarvatobhadra Shiva Linga representing Brahma, Vishnu, Maheshwar and Surya, circa 9th century CE
File:Architectural Fragment with Divine Figures - Circa 10th Century CE - ACCN 74-10 - Government Museum - Mathura 2013-02-23 5000.JPG|Architectural fragment with divine figures, circa 10th century CE
File:Yaksi.JPG|A ''yakshin,'' 10th century, [[Mathura, Uttar Pradesh|Mathura]], [[India]]. [[Guimet Museum]].
File:Decorative Door Jamb - Medieval Period - ACCN 00-R-1 - Government Museum - Mathura 2013-02-23 5030.JPG|Decorative door jamb – Medieval period
File:Durga - Mediaeval Period - Manasi Ganga - ACCN 87-4 - Government Museum - Mathura 2013-02-23 5088.JPG|[[Durga]], Medieval period
File:Fire God - Medieval Period - Radhakund - ACCN 00-D-24 - Government Museum - Mathura 2013-02-23 5297.JPG|Fire God, possibly Agni, Medieval period
File:Four-armed Seated Vishnu in Meditation - Mediaeval Period - Pannapur - ACCN 14-379 - Government Museum - Mathura 2013-02-23 5275.JPG|Four-armed Seated [[Vishnu]] in meditation, Medieval period
File:Jain Tirthankara Neminath - Circa 12th Century CE - ACCN 00-B-77 - Government Museum - Mathura 2013-02-22 4699.JPG|Jain Tirthankara Neminath, circa 12th century CE
File:Standing Surya - Mediaeval Period - ACCN 84-60 - Government Museum - Mathura 2013-02-23 5137.JPG|Standing Surya, Medieval period
File:Standing Twin Vishnu - Circa 10th Century CE - Gokul Barrage - ACCN 93-31 - Government Museum - Mathura 2013-02-23 5272.JPG|Standing Twin Vishnu, circa 10th century CE
File:Ten-armed Ganesha - Mediaeval Period - Rataul - ACCN 88-12 - Government Museum - Mathura 2013-02-23 5285.JPG|Ten-armed Ganesha, Medieval period
</gallery>

=== Early modern period (16th-19th century) ===
<gallery>
File:Balarama - Circa 18th Century CE - ACCN 80-6 - Government Museum - Mathura 2013-02-23 5347.JPG|[[Balarama]], circa 18th century CE
File:Krishna Lifting Govardhan Mound - Circa 19th Century CE - ACCN 88-147 - Government Museum - Mathura 2013-02-23 5351.JPG|[[Krishna]] lifting Mount Govardhan, circa 19th century CE
File:Lakshmi Narayan Seated on Garuda - Bronze - Circa 18th Century CE - ACCN 47-3345 - Government Museum - Mathura 2013-02-24 6611.JPG|[[Lakshmi Narayana|Lakshmi Narayan]] seated on Garuda – bronze – circa 18th Century CE
</gallery>

=== Modern period ===
<gallery>
File:Traditional_Indian_Print_by_Artist_Raja_Ravi_Varma.jpg|Oleograph by Raja Ravi Varma depicting a Shiva-centric [[Panchayatana puja|Panchayatana]]
File:Raja_Ravi_Varma_-_Sankaracharya.jpg|Oleograph by Raja Ravi Varma depicting Adi Shankara with disciples.
File:Narak_Vas_No_2_-_Early_Lithograph_by_Ravi_Varma_Press.jpeg|Karṇī-bharṇī lithograph by Ravi Varma Press depicting sins and punishments
</gallery>"God posters", also known as framing pictures or calendar art, have emerged as a popular religious art genre and typically take the form of polychrome [[Lithography|lithographs]]. God posters are typically sold at local retailer's shops who in turn acquire them from wholesalers and publishing firms. God posters feature either "supernaturals" i.e. deities, saints, or sacred sites. The god posters evoke various devotional responses: those who most value god posters have developed a popular new "omnipraxy" to worship the posters. In domestic settings, god posters are vested and embellished by devotees who pass them down in their families. God posters are often placed next to other sacred images in forms of religious associations. Some god posters also reflect syncretism in which various cults have been amalgamated in modern times. Hindu saints, ancient or modern, who are the recipients of personality cults often have "personality posters" dedicated to them. Posters of sacred sites are sometimes depicted as maps or diagrams, which act as [[Yantra|yantras]] in which a pilgrim-devotee can act or reenact the pilgrimage or journey mentally without the requisite physical movement.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Smith |first=H. Daniel |title=Media and the Transformation of Religion in South Asia |year=1995 |editor-last=Babb |editor-first=Lawrence A. |chapter=Impact of "God Posters" on Hindus and Their Devotional Traditions |editor-last2=Wadley |editor-first2=Susan S.}}</ref>

== Popular dance and music art forms ==
{{Hindu Classical Arts}}
[[Natya Shastra]] and centuries of Hindu cultural traditions have given rise to several art forms. Some of which are:
*[[Bharatanatyam]]
*[[Kuchipudi]]
*[[Manipuri dance|Manipuri]]
*[[Mohiniyattam]]
*[[Odissi]]
*[[Sattriya]]
*[[Bhagavata Mela]]
*[[Yakshagana]]
*[[Carnatic Music]]

[[File:Flower garland sellers outside Banke Bihari Temple, Vrindavan.jpg|thumbnail|floral decoration]]
[[File:Guru Sanchita Bhattacharya performing as DURGA.jpg|thumb|A Hindu dance depicting the goddess Durga]]

== 64 traditional arts ==
[[File:BHANUSINGAR PADAVALI DANCE BALLET DSC 3649.JPG|thumb|Hindu dances as part of ritual]]
*Singing
*Instrumental music
**Learning music in [[Hindu culture]] was a difficult task before the 20th century because of a necessary birth into a [[gharana]]. After the early 1920s, integration of anyone wanting to learn classical Hindustani music could occur. An average ensemble normally includes a [[Pump organ|harmonium]] (which was brought to India by French missionaries), [[Bansuri|flute]], [[veena]], [[sitar]], [[Swarmandal|swaramandala]], and a [[tabla]]. Many of the songs have strong themes that are related to theology such as a God's favorite pastimes, praise of any God whether they be in their original form in the [[Trimurti]] or the God's reincarnation, even stories of the creation of earth. Since instrumental music is a performance art it must follow strict guidelines that come from the treatise [[Natya Shastra]].<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2007-10-01 |title=The Magic of Hindu Music |url=https://www.hinduismtoday.com/magazine/october-november-december-2007/2007-10-the-magic-of-hindu-music/ |access-date=2024-10-24 |website=Hinduism Today |language=en-US}}</ref>
*Dancing
*Painting
**Indian variety – the different types of folk paintings are proud for Indian culture which reflects beauty, tradition and heritage of India. There are many types of traditional paintings like [[Madhubani art|Madhubani]], Rajsthani, [[Batik]]-Art, Patachitra, Gond, Mandala, [[Warli|Tribal Art Warli]], [[Pithora (painting)|Pithora]], Bengali, Nirmal, [[Mysore painting|Mysore]], [[Tanjore]] paintings etc. which are the expressions of love, almighty, beauty, truth, tradition and art of each and every region of the India.
*Forehead adornments
*[[Rangoli]]: Making decorative floral and grain designs on the floor
*Home and temple flower arranging
*Personal grooming
*Mosaic tiling
*Bedroom arrangements
*Creating music with water
*Splashing and squirting with water
*Secret mantras
*Making flower garlands
*Head adornments
*Dressing
**Drapery- The art of drapery has progressed over time. At one point both men and women wore dhotis but around the 14th century that changed and women's fashion became more intricate thus creating the sari. The drapery involved distinguishes the wearer's taste, occupation, and social status. The fabrics chosen range from cotton and synthetic fabrics all the way to silk. The fabric chosen depends on what occasion the wearer is going to use the item of clothing for. The draping of the sari comes in four different families: [[Marwari People|Marwari]], [[Dravidian peoples|Dravidian]], Tribal, and Nivi. The family that the wearer chooses depends on the wearer's personal taste. The way an item of clothing is draped tells a lot about the wearer such as expression of creativity, progression of fashion, and where the user comes from.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=1998-06-01 |title=That's a Wrap! |url=https://www.hinduismtoday.com/magazine/june-1998/1998-06-that-s-a-wrap/ |access-date=2024-10-24 |website=Hinduism Today |language=en-US}}</ref>
*Costume decorations
*Perfumery
*Jewelry making
*Magic and illusions
*Ointments for charm and virility
*Manual dexterity
*Skills of cooking, eating and drinking
*Beverage and dessert preparation
*Sewing (making and mending garments)
*Embroidery
*Playing Vina and drum
*Riddles and rhymes
*Poetry games
*Tongue twisters and difficult recitation
*Literary recitation
*Drama and story telling
**Drama in its early essence was performed mainly by male troupes and was often integrated with many of the other traditional art forms such as poetry, music, and story telling. Since drama is a performance art it also follows the [[Natya Shastra]] guidelines.<ref>"Dance and Drama." Heart of Hinduism. 2004, 12 Mar 2009. < http://hinduism.iskcon.com/lifestyle/803.htm {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101206012218/http://hinduism.iskcon.com/lifestyle/803.htm |date=2010-12-06 }}></ref>
*Verse composition games
*Furniture caning
*Erotic devices and knowledge of sexual arts
*Crafting wooden furniture
*Architecture and house construction
*Distinguishing between ordinary and precious stones and metals
*Metal-working
*Gems and mining
*Gardening and horticulture
*Games of wager involving animals
*Training parrots and mynas to speak
*Hairdressing
*Coding messages
*Speaking in code
*Knowledge of foreign languages and dialects
*Making flower carriages
*Spells, charms and omens
*Making simple mechanical devices
*Memory training
*Game of reciting verses from hearing
*Decoding messages
*The meanings of words
*Dictionary studies
*Prosody and rhetoric
*Impersonation
*Artful dressing
*Games of dice
*The game of akarsha (a dice game played on a board)
*Making dolls and toys for children
*Personal etiquette and animal training
*Knowledge of dharmic warfare and victory
*Physical culture

=== Numerical list ===
#gita — art of singing.
#vadya — art of playing on musical instruments.
#nritya — art of dancing.
#natya — art of theatricals.
#alekhya — art of painting.
#viseshakacchedya — art of painting the face and body with colored unguents and cosmetics.
#tandula-kusuma-bali-vikara — art of preparing offerings from rice and flowers.
#pushpastarana — art of making a covering of flowers for a bed.
#dasana-vasananga-raga — art of applying preparations for cleansing the teeth, clothes, and painting the body.
#mani-bhumika-karma — art of making the jewel garlands.
#sayya-racana — art of covering the bed.
#udaka-vadya — art of playing on music in water.
#udaka-ghata — art of splashing water on ground.
#citra-yoga — art of practically applying an admixture of colors.
#malya-grathana-vikalpa — art of designing a preparation of wreaths or garlands.
#sekharapida-yojana — art of practically setting the coronet on the head.
#nepathya-yoga — art of practically dressing
#karnapatra-bhanga — art of decorating the tragus of the ear.
#sugandha-yukti — art of practical application of aromatics.
#bhushana-yojana — art of applying or setting ornaments.
#aindra-jala — art of jugglery.
#kaucumara — a kind of art.
#hasta-laghava — art of sleight of hand.
#citra-sakapupa-bhakshya-vikara-kriya — art of preparing varieties of foods – curries, soups, sweetmeats
#panaka-rasa-ragasava-yojana — art of preparing palatable drinks and fruit juices
#suci-vaya-karma — art of needleworks and weaving.
#sutra-krida — art of playing with thread.
#vina-damuraka-vadya — art of playing on lute and small x-shaped drum.
#prahelika — art of making and solving riddles.
##pratimala — art of caping or reciting verse for verse as a trial for memory or skill.
#durvacaka-yoga — art of practicing language difficult to be answered by others.
#pustaka-vacana — art of reciting books.
#natikakhyayika-darsana — art of enacting short plays and anecdotes.
#kavya-samasya-purana — art of solving enigmatic verses.
#pattika-vetra-bana-vikalpa — art of designing preparation of shield, cane and arrows.
#tarku-karma — art of spinning by spindle.
#takshana — art of carpentry.
#vastu-vidya — art of engineering.
#raupya-ratna-pariksha — art of testing silver and jewels.
#dhatu-vada — art of metallurgy.
#mani-raga jnana — art of judging jewels.
#akara jnana — art of mineralogy.
#vrikshayur-veda-yoga — art of practicing medicine or medical treatment, by herbs.
#mesha-kukkuta-lavaka-yuddha-vidhi — art of knowing the mode of fighting of lambs, cocks and birds.
#suka-sarika-prapalana (pralapana)? — art of maintaining or knowing conversation between male and female cockatoos.
#utsadana — art of healing or cleaning a person with perfumes.
#kesa-marjana-kausala — art of combing hair.
#akshara-mushtika-kathana — art of talking with fingers.
#mlecchita-kutarka-vikalpa — art of fabricating barbarous or foreign sophistry.
#desa-bhasha-jnana — art of knowing provincial dialects.
#pushpa-sakatika-nirmiti-jnana — art of knowing prediction by heavenly voice or knowing preparation of toy carts by flowers.
#yantra-matrika — art of mechanics.
#dharana-matrika — art of the use of amulets.
#samvacya — art of conversation.
#manasi kavya-kriya — art of composing verse mentally.
#kriya-vikalpa — art of designing a literary work or a medical remedy.
#chalitaka-yoga — art of practicing as a builder of shrines
#abhidhana-kosha-cchando-jnana — art of the use of lexicography and meters.
#vastra-gopana — art of concealment of cloths.
#dyuta-visesha — art of knowing specific gambling.
#akarsha-krida — art of playing with dice or magnet.
#balaka-kridanaka — art of using children's toys.
#vainayiki vidya — art of enforcing discipline.
#vaijayiki vidya — art of gaining victory.
#vaitaliki vidya — art of awakening master with music at dawn
#aaaah vidya — art of awakening sound from Mani.

== Historic texts on art practices ==

*Natya Shastra
**The Natya Shastra is the leading guide to the Hindu performing arts. It is based on the Natya Veda, which no longer exists, and is roughly 37 chapters long with 6,000 [[slokas]].<ref>"Natya Shastra: Encyclopedia II." 29 Apr 2009. < http://www.experiencefestival.com/a/Natya_Shastra_-_Text_and_title/id/1793036></ref>

== Cities dedicated to the production of art ==

*[[Raghurajpur]]
**This city is solely dedicated to the production of artwork that is driven by the divine forces of Hinduism and these artworks are produced in a traditional fashion. The city is located in Eastern India (Orissa) and at one point this city was at risk of being completely destroyed due to British rule{{citation needed|date=November 2018}}. During this time religion and the power of the kings were being overthrown and as such there was no reason for a city to exist whose main purpose is to supply traditional art. After this crisis occurred the city began to exclusively base itself on agriculture until a man named Jacnnath Mopatra led a training center for chitrakars. This revolution began production of the traditional art works once again in the 1950s and since the work being produced is known internationally.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2007-07-01 |title=Living, Painting, Worshiping Art |url=https://www.hinduismtoday.com/magazine/july-august-september-2007/2007-07-living-painting-worshiping-art/ |access-date=2024-10-24 |website=Hinduism Today |language=en-US}}</ref>

== Common symbols ==

*Extra Limbs-Extra limbs are seen on many of the Hindu deities in paintings and sculptures. The extra limbs show how much power the god is capable of because of their ability to perform many tasks at once. Such as the goddess [[Sarasvati]] always has a minimum of four arms. Two of the arms will be playing a vina, representing the tuning of her knowledge, prayer beads in another hand and a scripture in another, both of these items are used to represent her devotion to her spirituality. Since she is the goddess of learning and art we see that she is very capable and very powerful in her area of expertise.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sarasvati, Goddess of Learning |url=http://www.stephen-knapp.com/sarasvati_goddess_of_learning.htm |access-date=2024-10-24 |website=www.stephen-knapp.com}}</ref>
*Lotus Flower-The lotus flower is another common item seen constantly throughout the arts. The lotus flower represents purity, beauty, prosperity, fertility, and transcendence.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=1999-07-01 |title=God's Favorite Flower |url=https://www.hinduismtoday.com/magazine/july-1999/1999-07-god-s-favorite-flower/ |access-date=2024-10-24 |website=Hinduism Today |language=en-US}}</ref> The reason the flower shows these attributes is due to the process in which the lotus flower goes through in order to blossom. The flower grows out of mud and rests atop the water in which it grows showing the hardship it must endure in order to achieve maximum beauty. Many deities have their name based on the Sanskrit word for lotus such as Lakshimi.<ref>"Lotus-Hindu Symbols" Religion Facts. 2007. 15 Apr 2009. < http://www.religionfacts.com/hinduism/symbols/lotus.htm>.</ref>

== See also ==
{{Hinduism}}
*[[Kalā]]
*[[Alpana]]
*[[Balinese art]]
*[[Art of Champa]]
*[[Jnana Vigraham]]
*[[Madhubani art]]
*[[Rangoli]]
*[[Tanjore painting]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Hindudharma}}

{{Authority control}}
[[Category:Hindu art| ]]
[[Category:Visual arts by religion]]
[[Category:History of art]]
[[Category:Asian art]]

Jagannath Majumdar

2026-02-14T15:30:06Z

WilheminaJanzen:

{{Short description|Indian freedom fighter and politician (1911–1999)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2023}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Jagannath Majumdar
| image = Jagannath Majumdar.jpg
| office = [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|Member]] of the [[West Bengal Legislative Assembly]]
| constituency = [[Nakashipara Assembly constituency|Nakashipara]]
| predecessor = New Constituency
| successor = Mahananda Haldar
| 1namedata = [[Bidhan Chandra Roy]]
| 1blankname = [[List of chief ministers of West Bengal|Chief Minister]]
| governor = [[Harendra Coomar Mookerjee]]
| term_start = 1951
| term_end = 1957
| office1 =
| constituency1 = [[Krishnanagar Uttar Assembly constituency|Krishnanagar]]
| predecessor1 = Bijoy Lal Chattopadhyay
| successor1 = Kashi Kanta Maitra
| 1namedata1 = [[Bidhan Chandra Roy]]
| 1blankname1 = [[List of chief ministers of West Bengal|Chief Minister]]
| governor1 = [[Padmaja Naidu]]
| term_start1 = 1957
| term_end1 = 1962
| office2 =
| constituency2 = [[Chapra, West Bengal Assembly constituency|Chapra]]
| predecessor2 = Mohananda Haldar
| successor2 = Salil Behari Hundle
| 1namedata2 = [[Ajoy Mukherjee]]
| 1blankname2 = [[List of chief ministers of West Bengal|Chief Minister]]
| 2namedata2 = [[Jyoti Basu]]
| 2blankname2 = [[List of deputy chief ministers of West Bengal|Deputy Chief Minister]]
| governor2 = [[Dharma Vira]]
| term_start2 = 1967
| term_end2 = 1969
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1911|10|9|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Krishnanagar, Nadia|Krishnanagar]], [[Nadia]], [[Bengal Presidency]], [[British India]]
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1999|06|6|1911|10|9|df=y}}
| death_place = [[Kolkata]], [[India]]
| profession = {{hlist|Freedom fighter|politician|lawyer}}
| party = {{ubl|[[Indian National Congress]]|[[Bangla Congress]]}}
| alma_mater = [[Calcutta University]]
}}

'''Jagannath Majumdar''' (9 October 1911 – 6 June 1999) was a Bengali revolutionary, freedom fighter in [[British India]] and a political leader after Indian Independence from [[Nadia district|Nadia]], [[West Bengal]]. He was a part of the [[Indian National Congress]] and was a 3 term member of the [[West Bengal Legislative Assembly]].

==Early life==

Majumdar was born in 1911 in [[Jadubayra|Yadu-Boira]] village of Kushtia district in present-day East Bengal. His mother, Shailabala Devi, was one of the earliest organizers of Mahila Samitis in Nadia.<ref>{{Cite web| title=Women’s organizations in pre-independence India | url=https://www.allresearchjournal.com/archives/2019/vol5issue1/PartC/4-12-91-194.pdf | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191122181020/http://www.allresearchjournal.com/archives/2019/vol5issue1/PartC/4-12-91-194.pdf | archive-date=2019-11-22}}</ref> His entire family, including his brothers and sister; Gopinath Majumdar, Kashinath Majumdar and Supreeti Sanyal (née Majumdar) actively participated in the freedom struggle.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://amritmahotsav.nic.in/district-reopsitory-detail.htm?21991 | title=Gopinath Majumder | work=Azadi Ka Amrit Mahotsav, Ministry of Culture, Government of India | last1=Mahotsav | first1=Amrit }}</ref>

Jagannath's journey in the independence movement began during his school days at [[Krishnagar Collegiate School]], when he met and was influenced by revolutionaries like [[Anantahari Mitra]] and literary figures like Bijoy Lal Chattopadhyay. Anantahari Mitra affectionately referred to him as 'damal kishore', meaning 'indomitable youth'.<ref name="auto">{{cite web | url=https://amritmahotsav.nic.in/district-reopsitory-detail.htm?22925 | title=Jagannath Majumdar | work=Azadi Ka Amrit Mahotsav, Ministry of Culture, Government of India | last1=Mahotsav | first1=Amrit }}</ref>

==Indian Independence Movement==

Majumdar was a member of [[Jugantar]] and also became actively associated with the [[West Bengal Pradesh Congress Committee|Bengal Provincial Congress]] under the leadership of Tarakdas Bandopadhyay since 1926.<ref>{{Cite web | title=Tarakdas Bandopadhyay and his contribution to the freedom struggle {{!}} INDIAN CULTURE | url=https://indianculture.gov.in/node/2832049 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230717112634/https://indianculture.gov.in/node/2832049 | access-date=2025-12-28 | archive-date=2023-07-17}}</ref> In 1928, he played a vital role as an organizer at the Basirhat conference of the Bengal Provincial Congress.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://archive.org/stream/in.ernet.dli.2015.98273/2015.98273.Bengal-Provincial-Conference-1928_djvu.txt | title=Bengal Provincial Conference 1928 | date=1979 }}</ref> By 1930, Jagannath was a well-known freedom fighter and student leader, planning his operations from Sadhana Library, founded by Ananta Hari Mitra and later named by [[Chittaranjan Das]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://krishnanagarmunicipality.com/history | title=Krishnagar Municipality }}</ref> Later that year, Jagannath was arrested for his active participation in the [[Civil Disobedience Movement]] and spent 3 years in jail without trial. He was imprisoned at the [[Buxa Fort]], near the Bhutan-Alipurduar border. After his release, he faced home internment in various locations within Bengal. With several intermittent prison terms, he completed his Bachelor of Laws from [[Calcutta University]] in 1936 and received his degree while in jail in 1938.

Majumdar actively mobilized people in Bengal during the [[Quit India Movement]] in 1942. He joined forces with [[Haripada Chattopadhyay]] to disrupt British administration by damaging infrastructure and government buildings. After eight months on the run, he was arrested in Kolkata's Ballygunge area.<ref name="auto"/>

Majumdar faced imprisonment as an undertrial in various jails, including [[Alipore Jail|Alipore Central Jail]], Krishnanagar Jail and finally [[Tihar Jail|Delhi Central Jail]], where he underwent several mock trials that failed to implicate him. He was released in September 1945, after having spent a total of 12 years in British custody.<ref name="auto"/>

==Post Independence==

After 1947, Majumdar became the President of Nadia District Congress and served as a member of the [[All India Congress Committee]] and the [[West Bengal Legislative Assembly]].

In the [[1952 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1952 elections]] he won from [[Nakashipara Assembly constituency|Nakashipara]] and was a part of the [[Bidhan Chandra Roy]] government.<ref>https://eci.gov.in/files/file/3181-west-bengal-general-legislative-election-1951/{{Dead link | date=December 2025 | fix-attempted=yes}}</ref> He was a member of the 2nd West Bengal Legislative Assembly winning from [[Krishnanagar Uttar Assembly constituency|Krishnanagar]] in 1957.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://eci.gov.in/files/file/3182-west-bengal-1957/ | title=West Bengal 1957 }}</ref> In the [[1962 elections|1962 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]] he lost the Krishnanagar constituency to [[Praja Socialist Party]] candidate Kashi Kanta Maitra.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://eci.gov.in/files/file/3183-west-bengal-1962/ | title=West Bengal 1962 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.anandabazar.com/west-bengal/former-west-bengal-minister-lawyer-kashi-kanta-maitra-passed-away-1.1196137|title=বর্ণময় জীবনে দাঁড়ি, প্রয়াত কাশীকান্ত মৈত্র|first=নিজস্ব|last=সংবাদদাতা|website=www.anandabazar.com|language=bn}}</ref>

==Formation of Bangla Congress==

In 1966 the left leaning wing of the [[West Bengal Pradesh Congress Committee|West Bengal Pradesh Congress]], represented by [[Ajoy Mukherjee]], [[Pranab Mukherjee]], [[Siddhartha Shankar Ray]], [[A. B. A. Ghani Khan Choudhury]], [[Abha Maiti]] revolted against the leadership of the old conservative elites of "the syndicate" like [[Prafulla Chandra Sen]] and [[Atulya Ghosh]] owing to the policies of the Prafulla Sen government during the Food Movement. As a result, the [[Bangla Congress]] was formed through a split in the Indian National Congress in West Bengal in May, 1966.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/national/defeating-congress-in-1967-west-bengal-polls-pranab-mukherjee-had-an-idea-it-worked-880567.html|title=Defeating Congress in 1967 West Bengal polls: Pranab Mukherjee had an idea, it worked!|date=August 31, 2020|website=Deccan Herald}}</ref> Among a few other places, the Party had a strong base in [[Nadia district|Nadia]] and [[Murshidabad]]. Going into the 1967 elections, there were two fronts opposing the Indian National Congress, the [[United Left Front (1967)|United Left Front]] led by the [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]] and the [[People's United Left Front]] comprising Bangla Congress, [[Communist Party of India]] and the [[All India Forward Bloc]].

Majumdar fought the 1967 elections as a Bangla Congress candidate for the [[People's United Left Front]] and won from [[Chapra, West Bengal Assembly constituency|Chapra]].<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://eci.gov.in/files/file/3184-west-bengal-1967/ | title=West Bengal 1967 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211019134319/https://eci.gov.in/files/file/3184-west-bengal-1967/ | archive-date=2021-10-19}}</ref> Shortly after the elections, the 2 fronts came together to form the [[United Front (West Bengal)|United Front]] and dislodge the Indian National Congress for the first time in West Bengal since independence. The United Front formed government on an 18-Point Programme with Ajoy Mukherjee as the Chief Minister and [[Jyoti Basu]] as the Deputy Chief Minister in March 1967.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/2010/01/18/stories/2010011852100300.htm|title=The Hindu Business Line : A unique political figure|date=March 30, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100330122651/http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/2010/01/18/stories/2010011852100300.htm |archive-date=2010-03-30 }}</ref>

==Legacy==

In 1972, marking the 25th year of Indian Independence, Majumdar was awarded the Tamra Patra for outstanding contribution to the freedom movement by Prime Minister [[Indira Gandhi]].<ref>{{Cite web| title=Report 1972-73 | url=https://www.mha.gov.in/sites/default/files/REPORT_1972_73_12022021.pdf | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220129213712/https://www.mha.gov.in/sites/default/files/REPORT_1972_73_12022021.pdf | archive-date=2022-01-29}}</ref> He is the father of Jay Prakash Majumdar, State Vice President of [[Trinamool Congress|All India Trinamool Congress]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://myneta.info/westbengal2016/candidate.php?candidate_id=2196|title=Jay Prakash Majumdar(Bharatiya Janata Party(BJP)):Constituency- KARIMPUR : BYE ELECTION ON 25-11-2019(NADIA) - Affidavit Information of Candidate|website=myneta.info}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.millenniumpost.in/kolkata/jay-prakash-majumdar-joins-tmc-made-partys-v-p-470640|title=Jay Prakash Majumdar joins TMC, made party's V-P|first=Team|last=MP|date=March 9, 2022|website=www.millenniumpost.in}}</ref>

== References ==

{{reflist}}

[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from West Bengal]]
[[Category:1911 births]]
[[Category:1998 deaths]]
[[Category:Indian independence activists from Bengal]]
[[Category:Politicians from Nadia district]]
[[Category:West Bengal MLAs 1951–1957]]
[[Category:West Bengal MLAs 1957–1962]]
[[Category:West Bengal MLAs 1967–1969]]
[[Category:People from Jadubayra]]
[[Category:Politicians from Kushtia District]]
[[Category:Activists from Kushtia District]]
[[Category:Lawyers from Kushtia District]]
[[Category:University of Calcutta alumni]]

Dublin's Last Supper

2026-02-12T06:54:18Z

WilheminaJanzen: content update

{{Short description|2004 photographic mural by John Byrne}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2023}}
{{Infobox artwork
| title = Dublin's Last Supper
| image = Dublin's Last Supper by John Byrne.jpg
| caption = ''Dublin's Last Supper'' in 2011
| artist = [[John Byrne (Irish artist)|John Byrne]]
| year = 2004
| medium = [[Vitreous enamel]] on steel
| height_metric = 220
| width_metric = 930
| width_imperial = 366 
| metric_unit = cm
| museum = Bloom Lane
| city = Dublin
| coordinates = {{coord|53|20|48|N|6|15|54|W|type:landmark_region:IE-D|display=inline,title}}
}}
'''''Dublin's Last Supper''''' is a photographic mural by Irish artist [[John Byrne (Irish artist)|John Byrne]] that was installed in [[Dublin]]'s [[Italian Quarter, Dublin|Italian Quarter]] in 2004. The work features contemporary Dubliners as [[Jesus]] and the [[Apostles in the New Testament|Twelve Apostles]], reenacting ''[[The Last Supper (Leonardo)|The Last Supper]]'' by [[Leonardo da Vinci]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |last=St. Martin |first=Marina |date=7 April 2012 |title=The Supper Club |work=The Gold Coast Bulletin |url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bwh&AN=20120407Q023378743&lang=en-gb&site=eds-live&scope=site |access-date=2023-08-27 |via=[[EBSCOHost]]}}</ref> Measuring {{convert|220|by|930|cm}}, ''Dublin's Last Supper'' is printed on [[vitreous enamel]] covering nine steel panels installed along Bloom Lane, part of the Millennium Walkway.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=McNally |first=Frank |title=111 places in Dublin that you shouldn't miss |publisher=Emons Verlag GmbH |year=2015 |isbn=978-3-95451-649-0 |location=Germany |pages=72 |chapter=32 – Dublin's Last Supper – An Irish twist on an Italian classic}}</ref><ref name=":3" />

== Background ==
In 2003, Byrne was approached by curator Clíodhna Shaffrey to submit a proposal for the project, which was commissioned by developer [[Mick Wallace]] of M&J Wallace, as a centrepiece for the [[Italian Quarter, Dublin|Italian Quarter in Dublin]].<ref name=":2">{{Cite news |last=Thomas |first=Cónal |date=10 February 2016 |title=Brushing up: that mural on Millennium Walk |work=Dublin InQuirer |url=https://dublininquirer.com/2016/02/10/brushing-up-that-mural-on-millennium-walk/ |access-date=2023-08-27}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=Dublin's Last Supper |url=https://publicart.ie/main/directory/directory/view/dublins-last-supper/e793abe5734565de4ef3ce199861dac5/ |access-date=2023-08-27 |website=Publicart.ie}}</ref>

In February 2004, Byrne started recruiting local models on the streets of Dublin, based on their resemblance to the figures in Leonardo's work.<ref name=":2" /><ref>{{Cite news |last=Buckley |first=Donal |date=1 April 2022 |title=Units in Wallace's 'Italian Quarter' sold off at discount: PROPERTY |work=[[Irish Independent]] |url=https://www.proquest.com/docview/2645746294 |access-date=2023-08-27 |id={{ProQuest|2645746294}} }}</ref> He approached a total of 150 potential candidates, who were narrowed down to 13 following rehearsals and screen tests.<ref name=":1" /> The models were Dubliners from a wide range of social, ethnic, and religious backgrounds, and included three women.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":4" /> Jesus was portrayed by Kulpreet Singh, an Indian Sikh PhD student at [[Trinity College Dublin]].<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":1" /> The apostles were portrayed by Dubliners from a variety of professions, including a tattoo artist, a librarian, an actor, a travel centre employee, an ecologist, a building worker, a network analyst, and various other students.<ref name=":3" />

The models' costumes were created by Irish vintage fashion designer Jean Cronin.<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":4" /> In July 2004, the 13 models were photographed in the Church of St Michael and St John at [[Temple Bar, Dublin|Temple Bar]], in seven separate groups of one to three people at a time.<ref name=":4">{{Cite news |last=Powers |first=Jane |date=3 July 2004 |title=Guess Who's Coming To Dinner; Jane Powers watches a team at work on a photographic re-enactment of Leonardo da Vinci's Last Supper |work=[[Irish Times]] |url=https://www.proquest.com/docview/309742452 |access-date=2023-09-02 |id={{ProQuest|309742452}} }}</ref><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /> The photographs were scanned in high resolution and sent to Belgium, where they were transposed onto nine panels of vitreous enamel.<ref name=":2" /> Byrne oversaw the installation in Dublin later that month.<ref name=":2" />

== Description ==
[[File:Dublin's Last Supper, 2004, Ireland.jpg|center|thumb|600x600px|''Dublin's Last Supper'', photographed in 2021]]

The Twelve Apostles dining with Jesus are dressed in contemporary clothing in a medieval style, evoking Leonardo's original work.<ref name=":2" /> The exception is [[Judas Iscariot|Judas]], who is dressed in a business suit and appears to be a banker or businessman.<ref name=":2" /> The table itself is laid with [[Soda bread|Irish soda bread]] and a red teapot, in addition to wine and fruit.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":4" /> Other elements include a [[Juventus FC|Juventus]] jersey draped over a chair in the corner, which is an homage to Mick Wallace, an [[Italophilia|Italophile]] and avid football fan.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /> The background is a cross-section of the ruined [[St. Luke's Church, Dublin|St Luke's Church]] on [[The Coombe, Dublin|the Coombe]] in Dublin, with the dome of the [[Four Courts]] in the distance.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":3" />

== Reception ==
''Dublin's Last Supper'' has been called "witty"<ref>{{Cite news |last=Godley |first=Gerry |date=2 August 2006 |title=Out on the town |work=[[Irish Times]] |url=https://www.proquest.com/docview/308862822 |access-date=2023-09-02 |id={{ProQuest|308862822}} }}</ref> and "irreverent".<ref name=":22">{{Cite news |last1=O'Toole |first1=Shane |last2=McDonald |first2=Frank |date=3 March 2018 |title=Dublin's north quays: Then and now in photographs |newspaper=[[The Irish Times]] |url=https://www.irishtimes.com/culture/art-and-design/dublin-s-north-quays-then-and-now-in-photographs-1.3411527 |access-date=2023-09-02}}</ref> Although the work has been regarded by some as "blasphemous",<ref name=":2" /> according to journalist Frank McNally, "''The Last Supper'' has survived to become one of the city's better-loved public works of art."<ref name=":1" />

Artist Catherine Marshall wrote in ''[[The Irish Times]]'' that ''Dublin's Last Supper'' "subtly suggests that the [[Renaissance]] has finally come to Ireland in the form of cafe culture, while at the same time pointing to growing pluralism in Ireland, and the new religion of [[consumerism]]."<ref>{{Cite news |last=Marshall |first=Catherine |date=22 November 2008 |title=Writing up Irish art – Catherine Marshall on John Byrne |work=[[Irish Times]] |url=https://www.proquest.com/docview/309095464 |access-date=2023-08-27 |id={{ProQuest|309095464}} }}</ref>

In 2008, an article in ''The Irish Times'' observed that the mural had remained "miraculously unvandalised, except for the occasional graffiti".<ref>{{Cite news |date=29 October 2008 |title=An Irishman's Diary |work=[[Irish Times]] |url=https://www.proquest.com/docview/309095210 |access-date=2023-09-02 |id={{ProQuest|309095210}} }}</ref>

==See also==
* [[List of public art in Dublin]]
* [[The Last Supper (photograph)|''The Last Supper'' (photograph)]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Last Supper in art}}

[[Category:Public art in Ireland]]
[[Category:Last Supper in art]]
[[Category:2000s murals]]
[[Category:2004 works]]
[[Category:2000s in Dublin (city)]]
[[Category:2004 in Ireland]]
[[Category:2004 establishments in Ireland]]

Andhra Pradesh Sampark Kranti Express

2026-02-10T06:17:18Z

WilheminaJanzen:

{{short description|Train in India}}
{{No footnotes|date=April 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2016}}
{{italic title}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2016}}
{{Infobox rail service
| name = ''Andhra Pradesh Sampark Kranti Express''
| logo = Andhra Pradesh Sampark Kranti Express.jpg
| image = Ap sampark kranti.jpg
| caption = Andhra Pradesh Sampark Kranti Express Arriving At [[Itarsi Junction railway station]]
| type = [[Sampark Kranti Express]]
| locale = [[Andhra Pradesh]], [[Telangana]], [[Maharashtra]], [[Madhya Pradesh]], [[Rajasthan]], [[Uttar Pradesh]] & [[Delhi]]
| first = {{start date and age|df=yes|2005|03|21}}
| last =
| operator = [[South Central Railways]]
| ridership =
| start = {{stnlnk|Tirupati}} (TPTY)
| stops = 18
| end = {{stnlnk|Hazrat Nizamuddin}} (NZM)
| distance = {{convert|2304|km|0|abbr=on}}
| journeytime = 36 hours 15 minutes
| frequency = Tri-weekly
| class = AC 2 Tier, AC 3 Tier, Sleeper, Pantry
| seating = Yes
| sleeping = Yes
| autorack =
| catering = Available
| observation =
| entertainment =
| baggage =
| otherfacilities = Below the seats
| stock = [[LHB coach]]
| gauge = {{track gauge|1676mm|lk=on}}
| el =
| trainnumber = 12707 / 12708
| speed = {{convert|63.55|km/h|0|abbr=on}} average speed with halts
| map = [[File:Andhra Pradesh Samparkkranti Express (NZM - TPTY) Route map.jpg|300px]]
| map_state =
}}

The 12707 / 12708 '''''Andhra Pradesh Sampark Kranti Express''''' is a [[South Central Railway]] train running from [[New Delhi]] to [[Tirupati]]. It is part of the [[Sampark Kranti Express]] series of trains, which link the Indian national capital, [[New Delhi]], with the rest of the state capitals, with only a limited number of stops on each service.

== Service ==
The [[Andhra Pradesh]] Sampark Kranti Express commenced operations between [[Secunderabad Junction railway station|Secunderabad]] and [[Nizamuddin railway station|Hazrat Nizamuddin]] near [[New Delhi]]. On 6 July 2005, Shri [[Anjan Kumar Yadav]], [[Member of Parliament|MP]], and [[Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh|Hyderabad]] mayor, Teegala Krishna Reddy, flagged off the train from [[Secunderabad]] station when the service was extended to [[Tirupati]] via [[Kurnool]], [[Dhone]] and [[Kadapa]].

The Andhra Pradesh Sampark Kranti Express operates as a three times a week train service between Secunderabad, Hazrat Nizamuddin and Tirupati.

Before the Andhra Pradesh Sampark Kranti Express was introduced, the (12625/12626) [[Kerala Express]] between [[New Delhi]] and [[Trivandrum]] was the only daily train connecting the Tirupati and New Delhi.

== Coach composition ==

Present coach composition comprises 2-SLR coaches, 2-II/General coaches, 4- AC 3 Tier Coaches, 1-AC 2 Tier Coach, 1-Pantry, 1- 1st AC Coach and 9-Sleeper coaches. During the summer extra coaches are provided based on need. An additional 3 tier AC coach was added in September 2012.

==Route & halts==

The schedule is given below:-
{| class="wikitable" width="65%" style="text-align: center;"
! colspan="5" align="center" style="background:BLUE;" |''Andhra Pradesh Sampark Kranti Express''
|+
! colspan="2" |12707
! rowspan="2" |Stations
! colspan="2" |12708
|-
|'''Arrival'''
|'''Departure'''
|'''Arrival'''
|'''Departure'''
|-
|'''----'''
|'''05:30'''
| '''{{stnlnk|Tirupati}}'''
|'''20:50'''
|'''----'''
|-
|05:45
|05:50
|{{stnlnk|Renigunta}}
|19:58
|20:00
|-
|07:28
|07:30
|{{stnlnk|Kadapa}}
|18:03
|18:05
|-
|07:59
|08:00
|{{stnlnk|Yerraguntla Junction}}
|17:24
|17:25
|-
|08:59
|09:00
|[[Tadipatri]]
|16:24
|16:25
|-
|11:00
|11:05
|{{stnlnk|Dhone Junction}}
|14:55
|15:00
|-
|12:03
|12:05
|{{stnlnk|Kurnool City}}
|13:28
|13:30
|-
|'''16:30'''
|'''16:40'''
|'''{{stnlnk|Kacheguda}}'''
|'''08:50'''
|'''09:00'''
|-
|18:58
|19:00
|{{stnlnk|Kazipet}}
|05:08
|05:10
|-
|20:29
|20:30
|{{stnlnk|Ramagundam}}
|03:39
|03:40
|-
|20:44
|20:45
|{{stnlnk|Mancherial}}
|NIL
|NIL
|-
|21:04
|21:05
|{{stnlnk|Bellampalli}}
|NIL
|NIL
|-
|21:34
|21:35
|{{stnlnk|Sirpur Kaghaznagar}}
|02:44
|02:45
|-
|'''22:55'''
|'''23:00'''
|'''{{stnlnk|Balharshah}}'''
|'''01:50'''
|'''01:55'''
|-
|01:55
|02:00
|{{stnlnk|Nagpur}}
|22:20
|22:25
|-
|08:15
|08:25
|{{stnlnk|Bhopal Junction}}
|16:00
|16:05
|-
|12:05
|12:13
|{{stnlnk|Jhansi Junction}}
|11:30
|11:40
|-
|13:20
|13:22
|[[Gwalior Junction railway station|Gwalior Junction]]
|09:56
|09:58
|-
|'''18:35'''
|'''----'''
|'''{{stnlnk|Hazrat Nizamuddin}}'''
|'''----'''
|'''05:20'''
|-
|}

==Locomotive==

A [[Lallaguda]] locomotive shed [[WAP-7]] hauls the train from [[Tirupati]] to [[Hazrat Nizamuddin Railway Station]] in delhi and vice versa

== See also ==

* [[Andhra Pradesh Express]]
* [[Hussainsagar Express]]
* [[Goa Sampark Kranti Express]]
* [[Madhya Pradesh Sampark Kranti Express]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{Official website|http://www.indianrail.gov.in/|Indian Railway}}
* [https://www.getpnr.com/train-schedule/12707 12707 Time Table]
* [https://www.getpnr.com/train-schedule/12708 12708 Time Table]

{{South Central Railway zone}}
{{Sampark Kranti Express}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Andhra Pradesh Sampark Kranti Express}}
[[Category:Transport in Tirupati]]
[[Category:Transport in Delhi]]
[[Category:Sampark Kranti Express trains]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Telangana]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Delhi]]
[[Category:Railway services introduced in 2005]]

Rasipuram

2026-02-09T13:51:33Z

WilheminaJanzen: new new data - done

{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2018}}
{{for|other places with same/similar name|Rasipuram (disambiguation)}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Rasipuram
| native_name = 
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| nickname = Rajakkalpuram
| settlement_type = [[Municipality]]
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Salem#India Tamil Nadu#India
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Salem, India
| coordinates = {{coord|11.4618|N|78.1909|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = [[India]]
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Tamil Nadu]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Namakkal district|Namakkal 637408]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type = Selection Grade Municipality
| governing_body = Rasipuram Municipality
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 246
| population_total = 88,584
| population_as_of = 2015
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Tamil language|Tamil]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = 
| postal_code =
| registration_plate = TN-28,88
| website =
| footnotes =
}}

'''Rasipuram''' is a [[Municipality]] in the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[Tamil Nadu]] and suburb of city of [[Salem, Tamil Nadu|Salem]] located in [[Namakkal district|Namakkal District]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://tamilnadu.com/villages/rasipuram.html |title=Rasipuram Tamilnadu|publisher= Tamilnadu.com|date=30 November 2012}}</ref> It is the headquarters for the [[Rasipuram taluk]]. As of 2015, the town had a population of 88,584 and an area of {{convert|24|km2|abbr=on}}. It has 27 wards and steps have been taken to increase the wards to 33.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.namakkal.tn.nic.in/delimition.html#mun |url-status=unfit |archive-date=Jan 7, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180107070428/https://www.namakkal.tn.nic.in/delimition.html#mun |title=Municipalities |language=en |access-date=17 August 2023}}</ref> Rasipuram is known for [[ghee]] and tapioca [[sago]].

==History==
Rasipuram dates to the 1st century AD. The town's name is derived from 'Rajapuram' which literally means '[[King's Town]]'.{{cn|date=November 2023}}

The county (''Nagaratchi'') of Rasipuram was formerly under the jurisdiction of the Salem District (''Managaratchi'') and was later governed by the Namakkal District range.

Rasipuram is also known for its [[Lord Shiva]] temple, said to have been constructed by King [[Valvil Ori]]<ref>{{Cite web | title=Visit Temples : Best Website for Visiting Temples in India | url=https://www.visittemples.com/hindu/arulmigukailasanathartemplerasipuramnamakkaldistricttamilnadu | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250222235535/https://www.visittemples.com/hindu/arulmigukailasanathartemplerasipuramnamakkaldistricttamilnadu | access-date=2025-08-08 | archive-date=2025-02-22}}</ref> in the 1st or 2nd century.<ref>{{Cite web | title=Visit Temples : Best Website for Visiting Temples in India | url=https://www.visittemples.com/hindu/arulmigukailasanathartemplerasipuramnamakkaldistricttamilnadu | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250222235535/https://www.visittemples.com/hindu/arulmigukailasanathartemplerasipuramnamakkaldistricttamilnadu | access-date=2025-08-08 | archive-date=2025-02-22}}</ref>

==Demographics==
{{bar box|title=Religious census|titlebar=#ddd|left1=Religion|right1=Percent(%)|float=right|bars={{bar percent|[[Hinduism|Hindu]]|Orange|92.13}}{{bar percent|[[Islam|Muslim]]|Green|6.02}}{{bar percent|[[Christianity|Christian]]|purple|1.79}}{{bar percent|[[Sikhism|Sikh]]|yellow|0.01}}{{bar percent|[[Buddhism|Buddhist]]|Gold|0.01}}{{bar percent|[[Jainism|Jain]]|Blue|0.0}}{{bar percent|Other|grey|0.04}}{{bar percent|[[Irreligion|No religion]]|violet|0.0}}}}

According to the [[2011 census of India|2011 census]], Rasipuram had a population of 50,244 across a total of 13,104 households.

The city had a higher ratio of females to males than the national average (1,077 females to every 1,000 males, national average 929)<ref name="dashboard">{{cite web|title=Census Info 2011 Final population totals|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/censusinfodashboard/index.html|publisher=Office of The Registrar General and Census Commissioner, Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India|year=2013|access-date=26 January 2014}}</ref> and higher literacy than the national average (77.71% in Rasipuram compared to national average of 72.99%<ref name="dashboard" />).

4,168 people (12.05%) were under the age of six (2,183 male, 1,985 female) at the time of survey and [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes]] accounted for 12.3% and .53% of the population, respectively.

There were a total of 20,138 workers, comprising 334 cultivators, 722 main agricultural labourers, 2,019 in household industries, 16,120 other workers, 943 marginal workers, 17 marginal cultivators, 31 marginal agricultural labourers, 84 marginal workers in household industries and 811 other marginal workers.<ref name="2011census">{{cite web|title=Census Info 2011 Final population totals - Rasipuram|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/pca/SearchDetails.aspx?Id=687991|publisher=Office of The Registrar General and Census Commissioner, Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India|year=2013|access-date=26 January 2014}}</ref>

As per the religious census of 2011, Rasipuram had 92.13% [[Hindus]], 6.02% [[Muslims]], 1.79% [[Christians]], 0.01% [[Sikhs]], 0.01% [[Buddhists]], 0.0% [[Jainism|Jains]], 0.04% following other religions and 0.0% following no religion or did not indicate any religious preference.<ref name="religion2011">{{cite web|title=Population By Religious Community - Tamil Nadu|year=2011|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-01.html|format=XLS|publisher=Office of The Registrar General and Census Commissioner, Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India|access-date=13 September 2015}}</ref>

==Geography==
[[File:KolliHills Valley.JPG|thumb|230px|Kollihills Valley]]
Rasipuram is located at {{Coord|11.47|N|78.17|E|}}.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fallingrain.com/world/IN/25/Rasipuram.html |title=Falling Rain Genomics, Inc - Rasipuram |publisher=Fallingrain.com |access-date=2011-11-09}}</ref> It has an average elevation of 246 metres (807 feet). [[Kolli Hills]] is located exactly {{convert|54|km}} from Rasipuram. A lot of medicinal plants and fruit varieties like jackfruit, pineapple and banana are available.

==Culture==
A festival named after the legendary king [[Valvil Ori]] is celebrated to highlight the indigenous traditions, culture and values of the tribal people living in the hills. Nithya sumagali Mariamman temple festival which is celebrated in the Tamil month of Aippasi.{{cn|date=November 2023}}

Also 63 Nayanmars festival is celebrated grandly every year.

A mini town called R.Puduppati is located inside Rasipuram Taluk. Where the Thulukka [[Sudamanpur|sudamani]]<nowiki/>amman temple is present. Every year, last Wednesday of panguni month is celebrated as a Thear Thiruvizha on this temple.

==Politics==
[[Rasipuram Assembly constituency|Rasipuram]] is a state assembly constituency. Dr. Madhivendhan serves as MLA of [[Rasipuram Assembly constituency|Rasipuram Constituency. Rasipuram Constituency]] is removed from the latest alignments and joined with [[Namakkal Lok Sabha constituency|Namakkal Lok sabha Constituency.]]<ref>{{cite web
|url = http://archive.eci.gov.in/se2001/background/S22/TN_ACPC.pdf
|title = List of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies
|access-date = 2008-10-09
|work = Tamil Nadu
|publisher = Election Commission of India
|url-status = dead
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20060504185928/http://archive.eci.gov.in/se2001/background/S22/TN_ACPC.pdf
|archive-date = 2006-05-04
}}</ref>

It is a part of the [[Rasipuram (Lok Sabha constituency)]].

==Economy==
The town is known for weaving silk sarees (Rasipuram silks). These iconic woven silk sarees and ''dhotis'' are traded and exported.

The second popular thing in this town is the pure home made ghee.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Nainar |first1=Nahla |title=An aroma of nostalgia: on ghee from Rasipuram |url=https://www.thehindu.com/life-and-style/food/the-legend-of-the-ghee-from-rasipuram/article21207025.ece |access-date=28 August 2021 |work=The Hindu |date=30 November 2017 |language=en-IN}}</ref>

==Transportation==
===Road===
Rasipuram is located on highway NH7 which connects [[Salem, Tamil Nadu|Salem]] and [[Namakkal]]. Rasipuram town has two bus stands (i.e. old and new bus stand). New bus stand serves buses to [[Vennandur]], [[Coimbatore]], [[Namakkal]], [[Salem, Tamil Nadu|Salem]], [[Attur]], [[Kallakurichi]], [[Karur]], [[Erode]], [[Tiruchengode]], [[Chennai]], [[Bangalore]], [[Mettur]], [[Palani]], [[Bhavani]], [[Sankari]], [[Trichy]], [[Edappadi]], [[Komarapalayam]], [[Paramathi Velur (Namakkal district)|Paramathi Velur]], and [[Senthamangalam]].{{cn|date=November 2023}}

Andagalur gate, located on NH 7, is a stop for all Mofussil buses which skip Rasipuram town.

SH79 (Attur–Mallikkarai–Rasipuram–Tiruchengode–Erode Road) and SH95 (Mohanur–Namakkal–Sendamangalam–Rasipuram Road) are the two state highways which connect to the town.{{cn|date=November 2023}}

===Railway===
[[File:Rasipuram Railway station.jpg|thumb|200px|Rasipuram Railway station]]
The town is located on a new broad-gauge line,<ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.hindu.com/2011/03/31/stories/2011033161881000.htm | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110403035950/http://www.hindu.com/2011/03/31/stories/2011033161881000.htm | url-status=dead | archive-date=3 April 2011 | location=Chennai, India | work=[[The Hindu]] | title=At last, train engine enters Namakkal | date=31 March 2011}}</ref> opened in May 2013, which connects Salem and [[Karur]]. The [[Rasipuram Railway Station]] (RASP) is connected to major cities in South India, with daily express trains from [[Chennai Central]], [[Bangalore]], [[Salem, Tamil Nadu|Salem]], [[Madurai]], [[Nagercoil]], [[Tirunelveli]] and [[Palani]] and weekly express trains from [[Hyderabad]] and [[Jabalpur]].{{cn|date=November 2023}}

===Airport===
The nearest airport is [[Salem Airport (India)|Salem Airport]] which is {{convert|37|km}} north of the town.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20080615051803/http://municipality.tn.gov.in/Rasipuram/index.html Rasipuram municipality website]

{{Municipalities of Tamil Nadu}}

[[Category:Cities and towns in Namakkal district]]

Shuja-ud-Daula

2026-02-08T00:54:26Z

WilheminaJanzen:

{{Short description|Nawab of Awadh from 1754 to 1775}}
{{hatnote|Not to be confused with Shuja-ud-Daula, son of an Afghan nawab and assassin of [[Shah Shujah Durrani]], or the Bangladeshi politician [[Md. Suzauddaulah|Mohammad Shujauddaulah]].}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2017}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2017}}
{{Infobox royalty
| name = Shuja-ud-Daula
| title = [[Nawab]] of [[Oudh State|Oudh]] Khan Bahadur Asad Jang Arsh Manzil
| image = Shuja-ud-daula, Nawab of Oudh.tif
| succession = 3rd [[Nawab of Awadh]]
| reign = 5 October 1754 – 26 January 1775
| birth_date = 19 January 1732
| birth_place = Mansion of Dara Shikoh, [[Delhi]], [[Delhi Subah]], [[Mughal Empire]]
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1775|01|26|1732|01|19|df=y}}
| death_place = [[Faizabad]], [[Kingdom of Awadh]] (present-day [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[India]])
| predecessor = [[Safdar Jang]]
| successor = [[Asaf-ud-Daulah]]
| full name = Jalal-ud-din Haider Abul Mansur Khan Shuja-ud-Daula
| burial_place = [[Gulab Bari]], [[Faizabad]], [[Awadh]]
| spouse = Nawab Begum Ummat-uz-Zahra Bano "Bahu Begum" Saheba
| mother = Nawab Begum Sadar Jahan Ara Begum Saheba
| father = [[Safdar Jang]]
| issue = [[Asaf-ud-Daulah]]
[[Saadat Ali Khan II]]
| royal house = Nishapuri Branch of the [[Kara Koyunlu]]
}}
'''Shuja-ud-Daula''' (19 January 1732 – 26 January 1775) was the third [[Nawab of Awadh|Nawab of Oudh]]<ref>{{cite book |last1=Bhatia |first1=O. P. Singh |title=History of India, from 1707 to 1856 |date=1968 |publisher=Surjeet Book Depot |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=smdXAAAAMAAJ&q=%22Shuja-ud-Daula%22+-Bharatpedia |language=en}}</ref> and the Vizier of Delhi from 5 October 1754 until his death 26 January 1775.<ref>[http://www.worldstatesmen.org/India_princes_A-J.html#Awadh Princely States of India]</ref>

He was a key 18th-century [[Mughal Empire|Mughal]] ally who despised the [[Maratha Confederacy|Maratha]]-backed grand vizier of the [[Mughal Empire]] [[Imad-ul-Mulk]]. He supported [[Shah Alam II|Prince Ali Gauhar]] (later Shah Alam II) against Mughal usurpers and became [[Mughal Grand Vizier|Grand Vizier]]. His army, backed by influential clans and Shi'a migrants from [[Kashmir]], was a major force in North India. Shuja joined [[Ahmad Shah Durrani]] in the [[Third Battle of Panipat]], helping defeat the Marathas by cutting their supply lines. Later, he allied with Shah Alam II and [[Mir Qasim]] to fight the British in the [[Battle of Buxar]] but was defeated. In 1765, he signed the [[Treaty of Allahabad]], ceding territory and financial control to the [[East India Company]]. Though strategic, this marked the start of increasing British dominance in India.

==Early life==
Shuja-ud-Daula was the son of the [[Mughal Empire|Mughal]] [[Grand Vizier]] [[Safdarjung]], who was chosen by Emperor [[Ahmad Shah Bahadur]]. Unlike his father Shuja-ud-Daula was known from an early age for his abilities to synthesize his subordinates;{{Clarification needed|date=September 2024}} this skill would eventually cause him to emerge as the chosen Grand Vizier of [[Shah Alam II]].[[File:Tilly Kettle painting a portrait of Shuja ud-Daula and his ten sons.jpg|Painting a portrait of Shuja ud-Daula and his ten sons|thumb|left]]Shuja-ud-Daula is also known to have assisted [[Alivardi Khan]], [[Nawab of Bengal]], on various occasions when the territories of the latter were being ravaged by [[Raghoji I Bhonsle]] and his [[Maratha Empire|Marathas]]. Thus, Shuja-ud-Daula is known to have been a very respected figure among the servicemen of Alivardi Khan.

==Nawab of Awadh==
After the death of his father in the year 1753, Shuja-ud-Daula was recognized as the next [[Nawab]] by Ahmad Shah Bahadur.

Shuja-ud-Daula despised [[Imad-ul-Mulk]], an ally of the Marathas whose regime emerged after the Battle of Sikandarabad with the support of the [[Sadashivrao Bhau]]. Imad-ul-Mulk blinded Ahmad Shah Bahadur and placed [[Alamgir II]] on the Mughal throne. Alamgir II and his son Prince Ali Gauhar were often persecuted by Imad-ul-Mulk because they refused to abandon their peaceful terms with [[Ahmad Shah Durrani]]; they also demanded the resignation of Imad-ul-Mulk, mainly due to his relations with the Marathas.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Srivastava |first1=Ashirbadi Lal |title=Shuja-ud-daulah |date=1945 |publisher=S.N. Sarkar |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aT8NAQAAIAAJ&q=%22Shuja-ud-Daula%22+-Bharatpedia |access-date=2 August 2020 |language=en}}</ref>

Shuja-ud-Daulah's household cavalry was composed of the Sheikhzadi,<ref>{{cite book |author=Barua |first=Pradeep P. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FIIQhuAOGaIC&dq=sheikzadi&pg=PA73 |title=The State at War in South Asia |date=2005 |publisher=University of Nebraska Press |isbn=0803213441 |location=Lincoln |page=73}}</ref> much of whom belonged to the [[Kidwai|Qidwai]] clan, who claimed descent from the [[Israelites|Bani Israil]].<ref>{{cite book |author=Misra |first=Amaresh |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CG0wAQAAIAAJ&q=They+belonged+to+the+Qidwai+clan+whose+1700+warriors+preferred+to+lay+down+their+lives+at+Buxur+rather+than+retreat+and |title=Lucknow, Fire of Grace: The Story of Its Revolution, Renaissance and the Aftermath |date=1998 |publisher=HarperCollins Publishers India |isbn=9788172232887}}</ref> Clan-groups such as the Sayyids of [[Bilgram]], [[Kara-Manikpur]], Sheikhs of [[Kakori]], and the [[Sadaat-e-Bara|Sayyids of Barha]] served as court officers and soldiers.<ref>{{cite book |author=Bayly |first=C. A. |author-link=Christopher Bayly |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PIAyDwAAQBAJ&dq=sayyids+jansath+kakori&pg=PT257 |title=Rulers, Townsmen and Bazaars: North Indian Society in the Age of British Expansion: 1770–1870 |date=2012 |publisher=OUP India |edition=3rd |location=Delhi|isbn=978-0-19-908873-7 }}</ref> The troops of Naval Rai, the most vigilant of Shuja-ud-Daulah's commanders, were a contingent of his Barah Sayyids, while the Bilgramis were of the same stock.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/journalofasiat4811879asia/page/62/mode/2up?q=barah |title=Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal |publisher=Asiatic Society (Calcutta, India); Asiatic Society (Calcutta, India)|date= 1832 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=wXbiAAAAMAAJ&q=attacked+Bilgram+,+but+the+determined+attitude+of+the+Sayyids+of+that+town+,+of+the+same+stock+as+the+Sayyids+of+Barha |title=The Cambridge History of IndiaVolume 4 |author=Henry Dodwell, Sir Richard Burn, Sir Wolseley Haig|publisher=Pennsylvania State University|date=1957 }}</ref> These clans had not taken any profession other than soldiery.<ref>{{cite book |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=R8As_JziO2kC&dq=sheikhs+kakori+awadh&pg=PA9 |title= Surya Narain Singh |date=2003 |publisher=Mittal Publications|page=9 |isbn= 978-81-7099-908-9 }}</ref> Shuja-ud-Daulah's father had maintained a contingent of 20,000 "Mughal" cavalry, who were mainly Hindustanis, many of whom were chiefly from the Jadibal district in [[Kashmir]] and who imitated the [[Qizilbash]] in dress and spoke the Persian language.<ref>{{cite book |author=Sarkar |first=Jadunath |url= |title=Fall of the Mughal Empire |date=1964 |publisher=Orient Longman |edition=3rd |volume=1 |location=Bombay |page=254 |orig-date=1st ed. 1932}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.49871/page/n267/mode/2up |title= textsThe First Two Nawabs Of Oudh (a Critical Study Based On Original Sources) Approved For The Degree Of Ph. D. In The University Fo Lucknow In 1932 |author= Srivastava, Ashirbadi Lal |date= 1933 }}</ref> The state also saw a large migration of Kashmiri Shi'as to the Shi'a kingdom of Awadh, both to escape persecution and to secure courtly patronage.<ref>{{cite book |author=Hamdani |first=Hakim Sameer |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4OGXEAAAQBAJ&dq=kashmiri+shiis+awadh&pg=PT52 |title=Shi'ism in Kashmir:A History of Sunni-Shia Rivalry and Reconciliation |date=2022|publisher=Bloomsbury |isbn=978-0-7556-4396-7 }}</ref> This was especially the case with men from the district of Jadibal in Kashmir, who were all Shias, who looked to the state as the sword-arm of the Shi'as in India.

==Grand Vizier of the Mughal Empire==
[[File:The royal procession of Shah Alam II proceeding to Delhi along the banks of the channels of the river Jumna and crossing a bridge of boats.jpg|thumb|Escort of [[Shah Alam II]] returning from the Treaty of Allahabad|left]]Prince Ali Gauhar fled from [[Delhi]] when he realized a conspiracy that would eventually lead to the murder of the Mughal emperor [[Alamgir II]]. Shuja-ud-Daula welcomed and protected Prince Ali Gauhar, who then declared himself [[Shah Alam II]] and officially recognized Shuja-ud-Daula as the [[Grand Vizier]] of the [[Mughal Empire]]. Together they challenged the usurper [[Shah Jahan III]], who was placed on the Mughal imperial throne by [[Sadashivrao Bhau]] and his forces, which plundered much of the [[Mughal Empire]].

[[Shah Alam II]] was then advised to lead an expedition that would attempt to retake the eastern regions of the [[Mughal Empire]] from [[Mir Jafar]] who was supported by the [[British East India Company]]. While Shuja-ud-Daula, [[Najib ad-Dawlah|Najib-ud-Daula]] and [[Mirza Jawan Bakht (born 1749)|Mirza Jawan Bakht]] allied themselves with [[Ahmad Shah Durrani]] and assisted his forces during the [[Second Battle of Sikandarabad]] in the year 1760 and later led a [[Mughal Army]] of 43,000 during the [[Third Battle of Panipat]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Mohan |first1=Surendra |title=Awadh Under the Nawabs: Politics, Culture, and Communal Relations, 1722-1856 |date=1997 |publisher=Manohar Publishers & Distributors |isbn=978-81-7304-203-4 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=B29uAAAAMAAJ&q=%22Shuja-ud-Daula%22+-Bharatpedia |language=en}}</ref>

===Third Battle of Panipat===

After escaping from Delhi due to the murder of his father the Mughal Emperor [[Alamgir II]], the young Prince Ali Gauhar was well received by Shuja-ud-Daula. The [[Nawab of Awadh]] and the newly appointed [[Mughal Empire|Mughal]] [[Grand Vizier]] Shuja-ud-Daula assured Prince Ali Gauhar that he and [[Najib ad-Dawlah|Najib-ud-Daula]] would initiate a struggle that would overthrow the [[Maratha Empire]] if Prince Ali Gauhar would lead what remained of the [[Mughal Army]] against the expanding [[British East India Company]] in [[Bengal]].<ref>{{cite book | url=https://archive.org/details/imperialgazettee24grea | quote=Shah Alam ii an shuja-ud-daula. |title = Imperial Gazetteer of India: Provincial Series| publisher=Superintendent of Government Printing |last1 = Cotton|first1 = James Sutherland|last2 = Burn|first2 = Sir Richard|last3 = Meyer|first3 = Sir William Stevenson|year = 1908}}</ref>

Shuja's decision about whom to join as an ally in the [[Third Battle of Panipat]] was one of the decisive factors that determined the outcome of the war as lack of food due to the [[Pashtun people|Afghans]] cutting the supply lines of Marathas was one of the reasons that the Marathas could not sustain the day-long battle. Their forces were weak due to starvation and were also fighting facing the sun.{{citation needed|date=August 2020}}[[File:Shuja army.png|Shuja-ud-Daulah's camp, meeting with Colonel [[John Carnac]] who would go on to defeat the former in 1761<ref name="odnb">{{cite ODNB|id=4711|first=D. L.|last=Prior|title=Carnac, John|date=23 September 2004}}</ref>|thumb]]Shuja was not very sure about whose side should he take before the Third Battle of Panipat. The Marathas were still further south then and it would have taken them considerable time to reach Shuja's province. In spite of this, his mother was of the opinion that he should join the Marathas as they had helped his father previously on numerous occasions. However, in the end, Shuja decided to join [[Ahmad Shah Durrani]].

As the chosen [[Grand Vizier]] of the [[Mughal Empire]], Shuja-ud-Daula commanded a sizeable army of Mughal [[Sepoy]], who cut off the supplies of the [[Maratha]]s and even defeated them in pitched confrontations during the [[Third Battle of Panipat]] and dispatched the Maratha leader [[Sadashivrao Bhau]].{{citation needed|date=August 2020}}

Abdali wrote to Shuja-ud-Daulah:
<blockquote>
"It is now incontestably known that the addressee is a native of those parts, but that forsaking the conversation and manners of his native land, he has incorporated himself with the inhabitants of Hindustan. Whatever has come to pass, is altogether right. Whatever has been has been; the future will, by the favour of God, be fortunate.<ref>{{cite book |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=PeslAQAAIAAJ&dq=northern+race+incorporated+inhabitants+hindustan&pg=PA73 |title=Calendar of Persian Correspondence: Being Letters, Referring Mainly to Affairs in Bengal, which Passed Between Some of the Company's Servants and Indian Rulers and Notables |publisher=By India. Imperial Record Department|date=1914 }}</ref>
</blockquote>

===Battle of Buxar===
Shuja is also known for his role in the [[Battle of Buxar]], a battle that was no less definite in Indian history. He along with the forces of Mughal emperor [[Shah Alam II]] & [[Mir Qasim]] ruler of Bengal were defeated by the British forces in one of the key battles in the history of British East India company.

=== Allahabad Treaty ===
He again fought the British with the help of Marathas at Kara Jahanabad and was defeated. On 16 August 1765 AD he signed the Treaty of Allahabad, which said that Kora and Allahabad district would go to Company and the Company would get 5 million rupees from Awadh.<ref>[[s:Treaty of Allahabad|Wikisource: Text of Allahabad Treaty]]</ref> The British would be allowed free trade in Awadh and would help each other in case of war with other powers, which was a very shrewd political move by the Company.<ref name="HoA">[https://web.archive.org/web/20010901224326/http://www.indiancoins.8m.com/awadh/AwadhHist.html#Shujauddaula HISTORY OF AWADH (Oudh) a princely State of India by Hameed Akhtar Siddiqui]</ref>

To pay for the protection of British forces and assistance in war, Awadh gave up first the fort of [[Chunar]], then districts of [[Benaras]], [[Ghazipur]] and finally [[Allahabad]].<ref name="nic">[https://web.archive.org/web/20020323000341/http://lucknow.nic.in/Shuja.htm Shuja-ud-daula (1754–1775)]</ref>

==Death and burial==
[[File:Gulab Bari.jpg|thumb|right|[[Gulab Bari]], the tomb of Shuja-ud-Daula, in [[Faizabad]]]]

Shuja-ud-Daula died on 26 January 1775 in [[Faizabad]], the then capital of [[Awadh]], and was buried in the same city. His burial place is a tomb and known as [[Gulab Bari]] (Rose Garden).

==Personal life==
[[File:Shuja ud-Daulah.jpg|thumb|A portrait of Shuja ud-Daulah]]According to historians, Shuja-ud-Daulah was nearly seven feet tall, with oiled moustaches that projected from his face like a pair of outstretched eagle’s wings, he was a man of immense physical strength. By 1763, he was past his prime, but still reputedly strong enough to cut off the head of a buffalo with a single swing of his sword, or lift up two of his officers, one in each hand. This was something that immediately struck the 18th-century, historian [[Ghulam Hussain Khan]] who regarded him as a slight liability, every bit as foolish as he was bold. Shuja, he wrote, ‘was equally proud and ignorant’.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Dalrymple |first=William |title=The Anarchy |date=10 September 2019 |publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing |isbn=978-1526618504 |publication-date=10 September 2019 |pages=16}}</ref>

==In popular culture==
* In the 1994 [[Hindi]] TV series ''[[The Great Maratha]]'', Shuja's character was portrayed by [[Benjamin Gilani]].
* In the 2019 Bollywood film ''[[Panipat (film)|Panipat]]'', Shuja-ud-Daula is portrayed by [[Kunal Kapoor (actor, born 1959)|Kunal Kapoor]].

== Gallery ==
<gallery>
File:Mahout Shuja-ud-Daulah.png|Mahout of Shuja-ud-Daulah, 1772
File:Muharram Procession, Faizabad, 1772.png|Muharram Procession, Faizabad, 1722
File:Palace of Nawaub Suja Dowla at Lucnow - British Library X432 3 16 951 (complete).jpg|Palace of [[Nawab of Awadh|Nawab]] Shuja-ud-Daula at [[Lucknow]]
</gallery>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Further reading==
*''Shuja-ud-Daulah'' – Vol. I, II (1754–1765) by Ashirbadi Lal Srivastava
{{s-start}}
{{succession box
|before= [[Safdarjung|Abu´l Mansur Mohammad Moqim Khan]]
|title=[[Nawab of Oudh|Subadar Nawab of Oudh]]
|years=1754–1762
|after= post abolished
}}
{{succession box
|before=new creation
|title=[[Nawab of Oudh|Nawab Wazir al-Mamalik of Oudh]]
|years=1762–1775
|after=[[Asaf-Ud-Dowlah|Asaf ad-Dowla Amani]]
}}
{{s-end}}

{{Authority control}}

{{Indian Independence Movement}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Shuja-Ud-Daula}}
[[Category:1732 births]]
[[Category:People from Lucknow]]
[[Category:Nawabs of Oudh State]]
[[Category:1775 deaths]]
[[Category:Indian Shia Muslims]]
[[Category:Indian people of Iranian descent]]
[[Category:18th-century Iranian people]]
[[Category:18th-century Indian royalty]]

Keerti Nagpure

2026-02-07T23:32:05Z

WilheminaJanzen: New basic post with sources

{{short description|Indian television actress}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2018}}
{{infobox person
| name = Keerti Nagpure
| image =
| image_caption =
| birth_name =
| birth_place = [[Pune]], [[Maharashtra]], [[India]]
| occupation = Actress
| known_for = {{ubl|''[[Parichay – Nayee Zindagi Kay Sapno Ka]]''|''[[Desh Ki Beti Nandini]]''|''[[Ek Veer Ki Ardaas...Veera]]''|''Kuldeepak''|''Mil Gayi Manzil Mujhe''|''[[Pyar Ka Pehla Naam: Radha Mohan]]''}}
| years_active = 2010–present
| relatives = {{ubl|''Aniket Nagpure'' (brother)|''Sujata Nagpure'' (sister)}}
| height = {{height|ft=5|in=2}}
| spouse =
| children =
}}

'''Keerti Nagpure''' is an Indian actress who primarily works in [[Television in India|Hindi]] television. She made her acting debut in 2010 with ''Olakh'' portraying Vibhavari Talwarkar. Nagpure is best known for her portrayal of Siddhi Malik Chopra in ''[[Parichay – Nayee Zindagi Kay Sapno Ka]]'' and Nandini Pandey Raghuvanshi in ''[[Desh Ki Beti Nandini]]''.<ref>{{Cite web|title='Parichay' fame Keerti Nagpure's Interview: Acting happened to me accidentally|work=Navbharat Times|access-date=24 August 2020|url=https://navbharattimes.indiatimes.com/movie-masti/interviews/kirti-nagpure-wants-to-work-in-reality-show/articleshow/15628323.cms}}</ref>

From May 2022 to January 2024, Nagpure portrayed Tulsi Mohan Trivedi and from January 2024 to March 2024 Nagpure portrayed Damini Bharadwaj in ''[[Pyar Ka Pehla Naam: Radha Mohan]]''.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Every character has a different journey, their motives are different: Keerti Nagpure|work=Times Of India|access-date=22 May 2022|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/every-character-has-a-different-journey-their-motives-are-different-keerti-nagpure/articleshow/91719892.cms}}</ref>

==Career==
===Debut, breakthrough and success (2010-2016)===
Nagpure started her career with ''[[Star Pravah|Star Pravah Talent Hunt Competition]]''. She made her acting debut with the Marathi serial ''Olakh'' portraying Vibhavari "Vibha" Talwarkar from 2010 to 2011.

She made her Hindi television debut with ''[[Parichay (TV series)|Parichay]]'' portraying Siddhi Malik Chopra opposite [[Samir Soni]] from 2011 to 2013.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Watch All Episodes Of Colors's Parichay — Nayee Zindagi Kay Sapno Ka|work=Voot|access-date=10 May 2015|url=https://www.voot.com/shows/parichay/100474}}</ref> It proved as a major turning point in her career.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/Entertainment/Hindi/Top-10/articlelist/entertainment/Top-ten-young-mothers-on-small-screen/videols/16411382.cms|title=Special: Top ten young mothers on the small screen|work=The Times of India|access-date=15 November 2019}}</ref> She received nominations and recognition for her performance.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Parichay to go off air?|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Parichay-to-go-off-air/articleshow/17982916.cms|website=The Times of India|access-date=11 January 2013|date=11 January 2013}}</ref>

Nagpure made her film debut in 2012 with the [[Marathi cinema|Marathi]] film ''Zalay Dimag Kharab'' portraying the lead.<ref>{{citation|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Keerti-Nagpure-and-Ravi-Dubey-join-the-cast-of-Desh-Ki-Beti-Nandini-to-be-aired-on-Sony-Entertainment-Television-/articleshow/22224396.cms|title=Keerti Nagpure roped in for titular role in Sony TV's new Show Desh Ki Beri Nandini|work=Times of India}}</ref> From 2013 to 2014, she portrayed Nandini Pandey Raghuvanshi in ''[[Desh Ki Beti Nandini]]'' opposite [[Rafi Malik]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Mehendi sequence for Nandini and Rajveer in Desh Ki Beti Nandini|work=Times Of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/desh-ki-beti-nandini/articleshow/27242909.cms|access-date=12 December 2013}}</ref>

She then portrayed Priyanka Gobhandarkari<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/keerti-nagpure-back-on-tv/articleshow/21529798.cms|title=Keerti Nagpure back on TV with Big Magic's Beta Hi Chahiye|work=Times of India|access-date=2 August 2013}}</ref> in ''[[Beta Hi Chahiye]]'' in 2013, Geet Singh in ''[[Ek Veer Ki Ardaas...Veera]]''<ref>{{cite web|url=https://m.tribuneindia.com/news/archive/features/back-on-tv-positively-77142|title=Back on TV, positively: Keerti Nagpure in Ek Veer Ki Ardaas...Veera|work=Tribune India|access-date=7 May 2015}}</ref> in 2015 and Pranali in ''[[Naagarjuna – Ek Yoddha]]'' in 2016.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/I-wanted-to-experiment-with-a-new-genre-Keerti-Nagpure/articleshow/52314260.cms|title=I wanted to experiment with a new genre: Keerti Nagpure on 'Naagarjuna' |work=Times of India|access-date=19 May 2016}}</ref>

===Further career and recent work (2017-present)===
In 2017, she portrayed Vidya Purohit in ''Kuldeepak'' opposite [[Shardul Thakur]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Kuldeepak: A socio-thriller about a mother's struggle to transform her child born with evil powers|work=Tribune India|access-date=28 March 2018|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/archive/features/socio-thriller-on-the-cards-383141}}</ref> The same year, she made her web debut with [[Sony LIV]]'s ''Shaurya'' portraying Vineeta Ashok Kamte opposite [[Raqesh Bapat]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.india.com/news/agencies/shaurya-director-didnt-want-to-show-fantasy-stories-2455507/|title=Shreyas Talpade, Gaurav Ghatnekar and Raqesh Bapat to play Army Officers in Sony LIV's Shaurya|work=India.com|access-date=8 September 2017}}</ref>

From 2018 to 2019, she portrayed Drishti opposite [[Rahil Azam]],<ref>{{Cite web|title=WATCH! Laal Ishq Episode 28: Blind Love Starring Rahil Azam And Keerti Nagpure|access-date=23 September 2018|work=ZEE5|url=https://www.zee5.com/tv-shows/details/laal-ishq/0-6-tvshow_1306724328/laal-ishq/0-1-tvshow_1306724328-season_1403040319-episode_815845100}}</ref> Meena opposite [[Hasan Zaidi]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=WATCH! Laal Ishq Episode 134: Girgit, a chameleon's revenge on ZEE5|access-date=28 September 2019|work=ZEE5|url=https://www.zee5.com/tv-shows/details/laal-ishq/0-6-tvshow_1306724328/laal-ishq/0-1-272663}}</ref> and Radha opposite [[Ankit Gupta]] in three different episodes of ''[[Laal Ishq (Indian TV series)|Laal Ishq]]''.<ref>{{Cite web|title=WATCH! Laal Ishq Episode 180: Rooh Pishachni, a murderous doll on ZEE5|access-date=22 December 2019|work=ZEE5|url=https://www.zee5.com/tv-shows/details/laal-ishq/0-6-tvshow_1306724328/laal-ishq/0-1-manual_5h5ml4nko8f0}}</ref> In 2021, she portrayed Tanu Prajapati in ''Mil Gayi Manzil Mujhe''.<ref>{{Cite web|title=DD Kisan's 'Mil Gayi Manzil Mujhe' stars Keerti Nagpure as the lead|work=DD Kisan-Youtube|access-date=12 August 2021|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WSlWmCyx0SQ}}</ref>

Since May 2022, she is seen portraying Tulsi Mohan Trivedi in ''[[Pyar Ka Pehla Naam: Radha Mohan]]''.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Prateek Sharma holds a special screening of 'Pyaar Ka Pehla Naam Radha Mohan'|access-date=9 May 2022|url=https://m.tribuneindia.com/news/entertainment/prateek-sharma-holds-a-screening-of-pyaar-ka-pehla-naam-radha-mohan-393241|work=Tribune Indua}}</ref>

== Television ==
{| class= "wikitable sortable"
! Year
! Serial
! Role
! Notes
! Ref.
|-
| 2010–2011
| ''Olakh''
| Vibhavari "Vibha" Talwarkar
| [[Marathi language|Marathi]] show
|
|-
| 2011–2013
| ''[[Parichay – Nayee Zindagi Kay Sapno Ka]]''
| Siddhi Malik Chopra
| rowspan = "2" | Lead Role
| <ref>{{cite web|title=Siddhi & Kunal's honeymoon plans stalled in Parichay!|work=Times Of India|access-date=12 May 2012|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/siddhi-kunals-honeymoon-plans-stalled/articleshow/13096223.cms}}</ref>
|-
| 2013–2014
| ''[[Desh Ki Beti Nandini]]''
| Nandini Pandey Raghuvanshi
| <ref>{{citation|url=http://zeenews.india.com/entertainment/idiotbox/kirti-nagpure-to-flaunt-rs75-lakh-wedding-outfit-in-desh-ki-beti-nandini_148152.html|title=Kirti Nagpure to flaunt Rs.75 lakh wedding outfit in Nandini|work=Zee News|accessdate=22 December 2013}}</ref>
|-
| 2015
| ''[[Ek Veer Ki Ardaas...Veera]]''
| Geet Singh
| Negative Role
|
|-
| 2017
| ''Kuldeepak''
| Vidya Purohit
| Lead Role
| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/tv/news-gossip/colors-dil-se-dil-tak-and-tvs-kuldeepak-go-air-382057%3famp|title=Colors' Dil Se Dil Tak and & TV's Kuldeepak to go off air?|work=Pinkvilla|accessdate=30 July 2017}}{{Dead link|date=April 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
|-
| rowspan = "3" | 2018–2019
| rowspan = "3" | ''[[Laal Ishq (Indian TV series)|Laal Ishq]]''
| Drishti
| Episode #28: "Blind Love"
|
|-
| Meena
|Episode #134: "Girgit"
|
|-
| Radha
|Episode #180: "Rooh Pishachni"
|
|-
| 2021
| ''Mil Gayi Manzil Mujhe''
| Tanu Prajapati
| Lead Role
|
|-
| 2022–2024
| rowspan = "2" | ''[[Pyar Ka Pehla Naam: Radha Mohan]]''
| Tulsi Mohan Trivedi
| Supporting Role
| rowspan = "2" | <ref>{{cite web|title=Actress Keerti Nagpure meets with an accident - TOI|work=Times Of India|access-date=8 May 2019|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/keerti-nagpure-meets-with-an-accident/articleshow/17940351.cms}}</ref>
|-
| 2024
| Damini Bharadwaj
| Negative Role
|-
|}

=== Special appearances ===
{| class= "wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year
! Title
! Role
! Ref.
|-
| rowspan="2"|2012
| ''[[Na Bole Tum Na Maine Kuch Kaha]]''
|Siddhi Malik Chopra
|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/nine-cameos-in-na-bole-tum-na-maine-kuch-kaha/articleshow/15017306.cms|title=Exclusive! Nine cameos in Na Bole Tum Na Maine Kuch Kaha|work=Times of India|access-date=18 July 2012}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Jay Hind!|The Late Night Show - Jitna Rangeen Utna Sangeen]]''
|Herself
|
|-
| 2013
| ''[[Beta Hi Chahiye]]''
| Priyanka Gobhandarkari
|
|-
| 2016
| ''[[Naagarjuna – Ek Yoddha]]''
| Pranali
|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/I-look-like-a-dwarf-with-Nikitin-Keerti-Nagpure/articleshow/52309094.cms|title=I look like a dwarf with Nikitin: Keerti Nagpure|work=Times of India|access-date=17 May 2016}}</ref>
|}

===Films===
{| class= "wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year
! Title
! Role
! Notes
! Ref.
|-
| 2012
| ''Zalay Dimag Kharab''
| {{Unknown}}
|[[Marathi cinema|Marathi]] film
|
|}

===Web series===
{| class= "wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year
! Title
! Role
! Notes
! Ref.
|-
|2017
|''Shaurya''
| Vineeta Ashok Kamte
|
| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ians/shaurya-director-didn-t-want-to-show-fantasy-stories-117090700650_1.html|title='Shaurya' director didn't want to show fantasy stories|work=Business Statndard|access-date=3 December 2018}}</ref>
|}

==Awards and nominations==
{|class="wikitable"
|-
! Year
! Awards
! Category
! Work
! Results
! Ref.
|-
| 2011
| [[Colors TV|Golden Petal Awards]]
| Most Lokpriya Jodi (with [[Samir Soni]])
| rowspan="4"| ''[[Parichay (TV series)|Parichay]]''
| {{won}}
|
|-
|rowspan="3"|2012
| rowspan="2"|[[Indian Telly Awards]]
| [[Indian Telly Award for Fresh New Face - Female|Fresh New Face - Female]]
|{{nom}}
|rowspan="2"|<ref>{{cite news|title=Indian Telly Awards 2012 Popular Awards Complete Winners List|url=http://tellyawards.indiantelevision.com/y2k11/poll/winners.php |url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120702115232/http://tellyawards.indiantelevision.com/y2k11/poll/winners.php |archive-date=July 2, 2012 }}</ref>
|-
|Best Onscreen Couple (with [[Samir Soni]])
|{{nom}}
|-
|[[Gold Awards]]
|[[Gold Award for Debut in a Lead Role (Female)|Debut in a Lead Role (Female)]]
|{{nom}}
|
|}

==See also==
* [[List of Indian television actresses]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb name|6184530}}
*{{Instagram|keerti.nagpure.71}}

{{Portal bar|India|Television}}
{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Nagpure, Kirti}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Place of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Indian television actresses]]
[[Category:1987 births]]
[[Category:Actresses from Pune]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian actresses]]
[[Category:Actresses in Hindi television]]

Deivamagal

2026-02-03T09:07:28Z

WilheminaJanzen: refine citations

{{Short description|Indian Tamil-language soap opera}}
{{Long plot|date=August 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2015}}
{{Infobox television
| image = Deivamagal_TV_series.jpg
| caption =
| native_name =
| genre = [[Soap opera and crime thriller]]
| creator =
| based_on =
| screenplay = V. K. Amirtharaj C. U. Muthuselvan Dialogues: Ezhil Varadhan Vasu Bharathi Nandhan Sridharan
| director = S. Kumaran
| creative_director = Radhika Srinivasan
| starring = [[Vani Bhojan]] [[Krishna (TV actor)|Krishna]] Rekha Krishnappa
| theme_music_composer = Kiran
| opentheme = "Kaalai Ezhunthathum"
| country = India
| language = Tamil
| num_episodes = 1,466
| list_episodes =
| producer = B. Srinivasan
| cinematography = S.T. Martz
| editor = S. Nielstein
| camera = [[Multi-camera]]
| runtime = 22 minutes
| company = [[Vikatan Televistas Pvt Ltd]]
| network = [[Sun TV (India)|Sun TV]]
| first_aired = {{start date|df=y|2013|3|25}}
| last_aired = {{end date|df=y|2018|2|17}}
| num_seasons =
}}

'''''Deivamagal''''' ({{translation|God's daughter}}) is an Indian [[Tamil language]] soap opera starring [[Vani Bhojan]], [[Krishna (TV actor)|Krishna]] and Rekha Krishnappa in the lead roles. It was broadcast on [[Sun TV (India)|Sun TV]] initially from Monday to Friday and later extended to Saturday from 25 March 2013 to 17 February 2018 for 1,466 episodes. The show replaced S. Kumaran's soap, ''[[Thirumathi Selvam]]'' and was replaced by [[Nayagi (TV series)|''Nayagi'']].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://cinema.dinakaran.com/cine-news-details.aspx?id=9224&id1=6|title=New serial Deivamagal at 8:00 pm(Tamil source)|publisher=cinema.dinakaran.com|access-date=6 April 2015|archive-date=12 April 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150412164732/http://cinema.dinakaran.com/cine-news-details.aspx?id=9224&id1=6|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/deivamagal-comes-to-an-end/articleshow/63080540.cms|title=Deivamagal comes to an end|website=The Times of India|date=26 February 2018 }}</ref>

The show is produced by [[Vikatan Televistas Pvt Ltd]] and director by S. Kumaran. This serial was shot in Pollachi, Chennai, Chengalpet, Hyderabad, Kerala, Puducherry, Cuddalore and Climax scene shot in One Island. This is the first TV serial shot in the Bay of Bengal.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-tamilnadu/world-cup-commentary-in-tamil-pays-off-at-last/article7044538.ece?css=print|title= Megaserial Milestone|date=29 March 2015| newspaper=The Hindu|access-date=16 February 2018}}</ref>.The show started The show was re-telecastied from January 19, 2026, to May 30, 2026, at 10:30AM ([[Indian Standard Time]]) in [[Sun TV (India)|Sun TV]].

==Plot==
The story mainly revolves around Prakash and his wife Sathyapriya fighting against his eldest sister-in-law Gayathri and her conspiracies against their families to acquire Prakash's ancestral property Jai Hind Vilas.

Sathyapriya grows up in rich family in the village of Poongodi. Her parents Sundaram and Sampoornam were loving. She has two younger siblings, Dharani and Anjali. Sundharam arranges marriage for Sathya with Karthik, a businessman. Unfortunately, Karthik and Sathya's wedding is halted. Due to this, Sundharam dies of a heart attack. After her father's death, Sathya and her family moved to her uncle Devaraj's house in Chennai. There, Sathya and her family suffer much because of Devaraj's greedy wife Saroja. Saroja starts to take revenge on Sathya's family as Sundaram had rejected her son, Suresh's, marriage proposal with Sathya. Saroja determines to chase Sathya and her family from her house.

Then there is Jaihind Vilas family where Chidambaram is head of the family and proud fan of Mahatma. Chidambaram and his wife, Janaki, have four children. The elder Kumar is married to Gayathri, and they have a daughter Monisha. The second son Raju is lazy and sleeps at home all day. He has a wife Thilaga, who stays with her mother. They have their only daughter, and the youngest, Ragini, who goes to college. Their third son, Prakash, is short-tempered. Prakash's attempts to pass exams and get a government job are spoiled by Gayathri. Gayathri rules the family. The family is forced to do all the work for her except Prakash. Gayathri wants to take the Jai Hind Vilas property all for herself. Prakash is aware of this and obstructs her attempts to get the property. Gayathri, works as a GM in star hotel where Sathya joins to work to support her family.

Devaraj and Sampoornam want Sathya and Suresh to get married, but Saroja disapproves of it and arranges a marriage alliance with another girl. Meanwhile, Sathya gets introduced to Prakash's parents and Prakash himself. Her meeting with Prakash and subsequent sessions does not go well. Nevertheless, they become good friends, after Sathya saves Prakash even though he wanted to abuse her. Prakash protects Sathya's sister Dharani from some youths with evil intentions. This leads to him to fall for her innocence, and he decides to marry her. Dharani, who is in love with her cousin Suresh, does not like it. In the meantime, Prakash arranges house for Sathya's family after Saroja chases them out. Sathya meets Karthik and works at his office, unaware that Karthik is the MD. Karthik's mother, Annapoorani realizes her mistake for stopping Sathya's marriage to her son and decides to get Sathya married to Karthik, as Karthik still loves her, despite Sathya resenting Annapoorani and her family for what they did. Saroja lures Annapoorani with false promises that she will get Sathya married to Karthik, taking [[Indian Rupee|INR]] 10 lakh and some jewelry and safekeeps them for Suresh's marriage.

On the wedding day of Prakash and Dharani, Gayathri provokes Dharani to elope with Suresh. When she does, Gayathri humiliates Prakash by saying that not even a single girl wants to marry him. Prakash gets angry and forces Sathya to marry him, to win over Gayathri. Sathya accepts as Sampoornam begs her, marrying Prakash for her mother's wishes, while Prakash is happy to think that he has defeated Gayathri in the challenge. Later, Prakash takes his wife Sathya with him to his house Jai Hind Vilas. At the temple, Suresh marries Dharani and brings her to Devaraj's home, but Saroja chases them out. Later Karthik learns about Sathya's marriage with Prakash, leaving him heartbroken. Annapoorani too learns about this and confronts Saroja, who denies the claims made by the former and calls her crazy. Sathya learns about her workplace and confronts Karthik, who admits that he wanted to marry her, but ditched his intentions upon learning what happened

Sathya, Sampoornam and Anjali disown Dharani. Devaraj accepts Suresh and Dharani. Saroja wants to separate Dharani from her son but Dharani outwits her. A further argument between Prakash and Suresh leads to a rocky relationship between the two families. Meanwhile, Sathya and Prakash understand and fall in love with each other. Prakash gets into a quarrel with Sathya's mother and prevents her from meeting her mother. Unable to go against Prakash, Sathya agrees. Sathya gets pregnant, and meanwhile, Saroja plans to separate Dharani from Suresh. She puts poison in her own drink and accuses Dharani of mixing it. Suresh chases Dharani from their house and she attempts suicide.

A lady saves Tharani from killing herself. But she is revealed to be an evil woman who plans to sell Dharani. Prakash saves Dharani from the lady. Dharani does not understand them and stays adamant with them. Annapoorani, wanting revenge, gets Devaraj's approval to get Sujatha married to Karthik, much to Saroja's fury, who vows to stop the alliance. Due to several things, Sathya has a miscarriage, and hides it from Prakash. No one knows the truth apart from Sathya's mother, sister and Prakash's sister-in-law, Thilaga. When Sampoornam accidentally blurts out the truth, Prakash is infuriated and chases Sathya out. He refuses to talk to her. When finally, after accepting fate, he changes his mind and goes to propose to her, but he is stabbed by some goons who messed with Sathya and Prakash in the past but survived. Meanwhile, Saroja frames Sujatha as a kleptomaniac and stops the alliance, triggering a rocky relation between Devaraj and Annapoorani's families. Sathya and Prakash start to care more for each other. Meanwhile, Suresh still suspects Dharani of poisoning his mother. Later, when Saroja' conspiracies are exposed, Devaraj, Suresh and Sujatha disown Saroja and expel her, Vijaya and Ganesan from their house. Suresh later accepts Dharani and her innocence, and Sujatha and Karthik get married.

Prakash and Sathya join the government and become officers besides the troubles given by Gayathri. Later, Prakash shows the true colors of Gayathri in front of Jai Hind Vilas family and then, Kumar beats and expels her from Jaihind Vilas. Now, Gayathri joins her hands with Nambi, a businessman who loves Gayathri. Gayathri again troubles Prakash and Jaihind Vilas with help of Nambi but Prakash and Sathya stand against her and manage her evil plans to save his property from her. Kumar then marries Akila, a widow, and has a son, while Gayathri creates many obstacles in their life but Prakash protects the family. Sathya becomes pregnant again. Gayathri was losing everything and was defeated by Prakash. Further, frustrated Gayathri kidnapped Nambi. Then, Sathya was arrested during pregnancy. Later, Prakash found all of Gayathri's evil acts and saved Nambi from her and had Sathya released, but Gayatri shot Nambi from a distance and escaped.

During the mean time, Gayathri is abscond and an IPS officer Mantra (look alike of Gayathri) is appointed to find Gayathri. Gayathri killed Mantra and went to her place to disguise as Mantra. Sathya and Prakash found Mantra is killed and applied the case in court. Court appoints a new officer ACP Samuel Raja to find the truth behind Mantra and Gayathri. After a few struggles, Gayathri is arrested, but escapes from police with a pistol and shoots Akila in front of Kumar and Prakash and kidnaps Moni. The next day she had kidnapped Maha and decides to kill her to win Prakash. Prakash and Sathya search for the two kids along with the ACP Samuel Raja. First they rescued Moni but While rescuing Maha, Prakash shoots Gayathri as a self-defense and sentenced to prison for six years. After that, Prakash and Sathya lived happily with their children in the Jaihind Vilas.

==Cast==
===Main===
* [[Vani Bhojan]] as Sathyapriya "Sathya" Prakash; Main Protagonist (1-1466)
*[[Krishna (TV actor)|Krishna Raghunandan]] as "Prakash" Chidambaram; Main Protagonist (42-1466)
* Rekha Krishnappa in dual roles:
** as Gayathri Kumar alias "Anniyar"; Main Antagonist (42-1466)
** as Mantra Devi IPS, Gayatri's look alike, killed by Gayathri (1267-1417)

===Recurring===
* [[Rajyalakshmi]] / [[Surekha (actress)|Surekha]] as Sampoornam: Sathyapriya, Dharani and Anjali's mother (1-1466)
* Shabnam as Dharani: Suresh's wife. Sathya's first younger sister (1-1306)
* Usha Sai as Anjali: Gunasekaran's wife. Sathya and Dharani's younger sister. (1-1466)
* [[Sabitha Anand]] as Saroja: Devaraj's wife, Suresh and Sujatha's mother, Dharani's mother-in-law, Sathyapriya, Anjali's aunt (1-1336)
* Auditor Sridhar as Devaraj: Saroja husband, Suresh and Sujatha's father, Sampoornam's elder brother, Dharani's father-in-law. Sathyapriya, Anjali's uncle (1-1466)
* SVS Kumar as "Chidambaram": Prakash, Kumar, Raju and Ragini's father, a Gandhian (42-1466)
* [[Vennira Aadai Nirmala]] as "Janaki": Chidambaram's wife, Kumar, Raju, Ragini and Prakash's mother (42-1466)
* Prakash Rajan as Kumar Chidambaram, Prakash's eldest brother (42-1466)
* Arvind Khathare as Raju Chidambaram, Prakash's second eldest brother (42-1466)
* Anitha Venkat / [[Sindhu Shyam]] as Thilagavathy "Thilaga": Raju's wife, Prakash's second sister-in-law (42-1466)
* [[Nisha Krishnan]] / Vanitha Hariharan as Ragini: Vasanth's wife, Prakash's younger sister. (42-1466)
* Siddhanth Venkatesh as "Suresh": Devaraj's son, Dharani's husband, Sathyapriya, Anjali's cousin (2-1040)
*Sunitha Srinivasan as Sujatha: Devaraj and Saroja's daughter. Karthik's wife and Sathyapriya, Dharani, Anjali's cousin. (2-1336)
* [[Subramanian Gopalakrishnan]] / Yesakkiappan as Karthikeyan "Karthik": Annapoorani's son, Sathya's ex-fiancé, Sujatha's husband. (1-1336)
* [[Anuradha (actress)|Anuradha]] as Annapoorani: Karthik's mother, Sujatha's mother-in-law. (1-1466)
* Suhasini as Vinodhini: Gayatri's younger sister, Moorthy's ex-wife, who commits suicide. (42-1429)
* Ganesh as "Moorthy": Vinodhini's ex-husband, Sathyakala's husband (42-1466)
* Suchitra as Akila: Kumar's second wife, who was killed by Gayathri (925-1435)
* Revathee Shankar as Usha Rani (380-1466)
* Sivalingam Babu as Shankar: Usha Rani's husband (380-1466)
* VJ Sam / Raghul Kanagaraj as Vasanthakumar "Vasanth" Shankar: Usha Rani's son, Ragini's husband (375-1466)
* R. Radha as Sathyakala: Sathyapriya's ex-rival; Moorthy's second wife (1-40, 1074–1466)
* Udumalai Ravi as Ekambaram: Prakash's friend and the councilor of his area (375-1418)
* Ashok Kumar as Ashok, Prakash's friend (42-1466)
*Manush Manhmohan as Arivudai Nambi, killed by Gayatri (700-1085)
* Suresh Joshua as Gunasekaran Dharmalingam, Anjali's husband (1152-1466)
* Sreeja as Monisha Kumar, Kumar and Gayathri's daughter. (42-1466)
* Sanjana Sree as Mahalakshmi Prakash: Prakash and Sathya's daughter. (1282-1466)
* Krithika as Mahalakshmi Raju: Raju and Thilagavathi's daughter (500-1466)
* Sribala as "Ravi": Akhila's brother-in-law (931-1466)
* Meesai Rajendran as Dharmalingam "Lingam" (1123-1465)
* Ravi as "Ganesh", Saroja's tenant and sidekick, Moorthy's best friend who goes to jail for being involved in Gayathri's plan to kill Sathya by kidnapping and confining her in the boot of his car while she was pregnant. (25-1229)
* Gracey as Vijaya Ganesh, Saroja's tenant and sidekick (25-1330)
* Anbalaya Prabhakaran as Sundaramoorthy "Sundaram", Sampoornam's late husband, Sathya, Dharani and Anjali's father. (1-43)
* Raju Sathish as Sathish, Prakash's friend
* Saravanan as Saravanan, Prakash's friend
* Sai Vairam as Senthil, Prakash's friend
* Karthick Chandra as Assistant Commissioner of ACP Samuel Raja
* Aravish as Sathishkumar "Sathish" Prabhakaran (707-927)
* Nivisha as Sangeetha Sathish Prabhakaran, Moorthy's niece (650-927)
* Sekar Muthu Raja as Aravindkrishnan "Aravind", Minister Nallathambi's relative (853-921)
* Sasikala Shree as Vasanthi
* Ameya Nair as Anamika, Prakash's ex-girlfriend, who was killed in a bomb blast (1290-1365)
* Balaji as Amar, IPS Mantra Gayatri Devi's husband
* Mercy as Malarvizhi Venkatesh, Nambi's sister
* Bhavani as Sathyakala's mother
* Durai Mani as Velliangiri, Sathyakala's ex-husband, who is killed by Gayathri
* Deepa as Mangamma, a supporter of Gayathri in the climax (1450-1464)

== Adaptations ==
{| class="wikitable" style="margin-right: 0;"
|- style="color:black"
! style="background:#7b0c0c;color:white"| Language
! style="background:#7b0c0c;color:white"| Title
! style="background:#7b0c0c;color:white"| Original release
! style="background:#7b0c0c;color:white"| Network(s)
! style="background:#7b0c0c;color:white"| Last aired
! style="background:#7b0c0c;color:white"| Notes
|-
| [[Tamil language|Tamil]]
| ''Deivamagal'' தெய்வமகள்
| 25 March 2013
| [[Sun TV (India)|Sun TV]]
| 17 February 2018
| Original
|-
| [[Marathi language|Marathi]]
| ''[[Thoda Tuza Ani Thoda Maza]]'' थोडं तुझं आणि थोडं माझं
| 17 June 2024
| [[Star Pravah]]
| 12 September 2025
| rowspan="2"| Remake
|-
| [[Hindi]]
| ''[[Ram Bhavan]]'' राम भवन
| 29 January 2025
| [[Colors TV]]
| 11 July 2025
|}

==Awards and nominations==
{{Infobox actor awards
| name = Deivamagal
| caption =
| wins = 24
| nominations = 9
| award1 = [[Vikatan Awards]]
| award1W = 4
| award1N =
| award2 = [[Sun Kudumbam Awards]]
| award2W = 16
| award2N = 9
| award3 = [[Tamil Nadu State Television Awards]]
| award3W = 4
| award3N =
}}

{{more citations needed|section|date=February 2021}}
{| class="wikitable"
! Year !! Award !! Category !! Recipient !! Role !! Result
|-
| rowspan="4" | 2013
| rowspan="4" | [[Tamil Nadu State Television Awards]]<ref>{{cite web | url=https://cinema.dinamalar.com/tamil-tv-serials/61100/Chinna-thirai-Television-News/Tamilnadu-government-announced-tv-awards.htm| title=Chinna thirai Television News/Tamilnadu Government Announced TV Awards| publisher=[[Dinamalar]]| date=16 July 2017 | access-date=15 December 2014}}</ref>
| Best Serial
| Deivamagal
|
| {{Won}}
|-
| Best Negative Role Female
| Rekha Krishnappa
| Gayathri
| {{Won}}
|-
| Best Dubbing Artist-Male
| [[Sabari for Krishna]]
| Prakash
| {{Won}}
|-
| Best Dubbing Artist-Female
| [[Renuka Kathir for Vani Bhojan]]
| Sathya Priya
| {{won}}
|-
| rowspan="16" |2014
| rowspan="16" |[[Sun Kudumbam Awards]]<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.sunnetwork.in/sunkudumbam/index.html|title=Sun Kudumbam Viruthugal 2014|website=www.sunnetwork.in|access-date=16 February 2018|archive-date=17 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181017220003/http://www.sunnetwork.in/sunkudumbam/index.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>
| Best Serial
| Deivamagal
|
| {{Won}}
|-
| Best Mamanaar
| [[S. V. S. Kumar]]
| Chidambaram
| {{Won}}
|-
| Best Screenplay
| Ve. Ki. Amirtharaj
|
| {{Won}}
|-
| Best Director
| S. Kumaran
|
| {{Won}}
|-
| Best Negative Role Female
| Rekha Krishnappa
| Gayathri
| {{Won}}
|-
| Devathaigal
| [[Vani Bhojan]]
| Sathyapriya
| {{Won}}
|-
| Best Actor Male Lead
| [[Krishna (TV actor)|Krishna]]
| Prakash
| {{Nom}}
|-
| [[Sun Kudumbam Best Actress Award|Best Actress Female Lead]]
| [[Vani Bhojan]]
| Sathyapriya
|{{nom}}
|-
| Best Mamiyaar
| [[Vennira Aadai Nirmala]]
| Janaki
| {{Nom}}
|-
| Best Supporting Actor Male
| Auditor Sridhar
| Devaraj
| {{Nom}}
|-
| Best Supporting Actor Female
| [[Sindhu Shyam]]
| Thilaga Raju
| {{Nom}}
|-
| Best Sister Award
| Shabnam
| Dharani
| {{Nom}}
|-
| Best Comedian Male
| [[Ganesh]]
| Moorthy
| {{Nom}}
|-
| Best Dialogue Writer
| Vasu Bharathi
|
|{{Nom}}
|-
| Best Dubbing Artist-Male
| [[Krishna]]
| Prakash
| {{Nom}}
|-
| Best Dubbing Artist-Female
| [[Vani Bhojan]]
| Sathyapriya
| {{won}}
|-
|2015
|rowspan="4" |Vikatan Awards<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.vikatan.com/anandavikatan/2016-jan-13/interviews---exclusive-articles/114473-ananda-vikatan-awards-2015.html|title=சிறந்த நெடுந்தொடர் - தெய்வமகள், சன் டி.வி|date=7 January 2016 |publisher=www.vikatan.com|access-date=13 January 2016|language=en}}</ref>
| rowspan="4" |Best Serial
| rowspan="4" |Deivamagal
| rowspan="4" |
| {{Won}}
|-
|2016
| {{Won}}
|-
|2017
| {{Won}}
|-
| rowspan="6" |2018
| {{Won}}
|-
| rowspan="5" |[[Sun Kudumbam Viruthugal]]
| Best Actress
| [[Vani Bhojan]]
| Sathyapriya
| {{Won}}
|-
| Best Actor
| [[Krishna (TV actor)|Krishna]]
| Prakash
| {{Won}}
|-
| Best Villain
| Rekha Krishnappa
| Gayathri
| {{Won}}
|-
| Best Director
| S.Kumaran
|
| {{Won}}
|-
| Best Serial
| Deivamagal
|
| {{Won}}
|}

==Reception==
In the first eight weeks of 2017, the series was the highest-rated primetime Tamil television series.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Large Networks lead regional channels, program ratings in weeks 1 to 8 of 2017|url=https://www.indiantelevision.com/television/tv-channels/viewership/large-networks-lead-regional-channels-programme-ratings-in-weeks-1-to-8-of-2017-170314|website=Indian Television|date=14 March 2017 }}</ref> In weeks 42 and 43 of 2017, it was at second position.<ref>{{Cite web|title=BARC Tamil shows TRP week 42: Television premiere of Vijay Theri leads the list of top five programmes|url=https://english.newsnationtv.com/photos/entertainment/barc-tamil-shows-trp-week-42-television-premiere-of-vijay-theri-leads-the-list-of-top-five-programmes-2617|website=[[News Nation]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=BARC Tamil Shows TRP week 43 Pichaikkaran Deiva Magal Nandini top five programmes|url=https://english.newsnationtv.com/photos/entertainment/barc-tamil-shows-trp-week-43-pichaikkaran-deiva-magal-nandini-top-five-programmes-2636|website=[[News Nation]]}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{IMDb title|12126032}}
{{Deivamagal}}
{{Sun TV shows}}
{{Works by Vikatan Televistas}}
{{authority control}}

[[Category:Sun TV original programming]]
[[Category:Tamil-language television shows]]
[[Category:Tamil-language romance television series]]
[[Category:Television series by Vikatan Televistas]]
[[Category:2013 Tamil-language television series debuts]]
[[Category:2018 Tamil-language television series endings]]
[[Category:2013 Indian television series debuts]]
[[Category:2018 Indian television series endings]]

Colesworthey Grant

2026-01-29T19:09:26Z

WilheminaJanzen: new new info

{{short description|English artist, writer and animal-rights activist in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2017}}
{{Use British English|date=August 2017}}
[[File:Colesworthey_Grant.jpg|thumb|Portrait from the frontispiece of the biography by [[Peary Chand Mitra]] (1881)]]
'''Colesworthey Grant''' (sometimes spelt '''Colesworthy'''; 25 October 1813 – 31 May 1880{{sfn|Mittra|1881|p=80}}) was an English artist, writer and pioneer [[Animal welfare|activist against cruelty to animals]] in [[India]]. Teaching himself art and sketching, he produced numerous portraits of many early East India Company servants of influence in Calcutta which were published in the local periodicals of the time. He later became a professor of drawing. He founded the "Calcutta Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals" in 1861 after seeing the sorry conditions especially of draught animals on the streets of Calcutta.

==Biography==
[[File:Colesworthey piller.jpg|thumb|upright|Memorial obelisk in Calcutta. The watering trough at the base and the lantern holders are now missing.]]
Grant was born in London to a Scottish father who manufactured mathematical instruments and a mother of Welsh ancestry. He arrived in India at the age of nineteen and joined his brother George who was a clock and watch-maker in Calcutta. Colesworthey was injured in the spine from a fall during one of his exercise sessions and could not walk straight after that. He took an interest in sketching and began to contribute to the ''India Review'' from 1838 through [[Frederick Corbyn|Fred Corbyn]] and later to the ''Calcutta Monthly Journal''. These early works included portrait sketches of many eminent persons who lived in Calcutta. He later became a professor of drawing at [[Presidency College, Calcutta|Presidency College]].{{sfn|Mittra|1881|p=80}} Grant also illustrated [[Frederic J. Mouat]]'s ''Atlas of Anatomy''.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Young |first=Tom |date=2022 |title=Colesworthy Grant's Portraits of Colonial Society in India: Lithography, Liberalism, and the Global Making of Middle‐Class Culture, c . 1833–57 |url=https://academic.oup.com/arthistory/article/45/4/712-743/7275153 |journal=Art History |language=en |volume=45 |issue=4 |pages=712–743 |doi=10.1111/1467-8365.12682 |issn=0141-6790|doi-access=free }}</ref>{{sfn|Mittra|1881|p=15}}

Colesworthey Grant was chosen by [[Lord Dalhousie]] to accompany the Ava mission to [[Amarapura]] in 1855 along with [[Arthur Purves Phayre|Arthur Phayre]]. Paid 500 rupees a month, he was to document the places for the report and was also instructed to attempt the use of photography. The use of photography however was finally done by [[Linnaeus Tripe]] who also joined the mission.<ref>{{cite book|author=Hall, D.G.E| year=1932|title=The Dalhousie-Phayre Correspondence 1852-1856| publisher=Oxford University Press| place=London|pages=332|url=https://archive.org/stream/in.ernet.dli.2015.81537/2015.81537.The-Dalhousie-phayre-Correspondence-1852-1856#page/n411/mode/2up/ }}</ref>

Grant was moved by the injuries and mutilations he saw to street animals, particularly draught cattle and horses, inflicted mostly by their owners and keepers.{{sfn|Chakrabarti|2010}} The founding meeting for the Society met on 4 October 1861 and was chaired by [[John Pratt (Archdeacon of Calcutta)|Archdeacon Pratt]]. The other twenty attendees included [[Alexander Duff (missionary)|Alexander Duff]], Mouat, Major C. Herbert, and several others including an Armenian (later the first non-European sheriff of Calcutta for 1866) Seth Arratoon [[Apcar family|Apcar]]; Indians [[Peary Chand Mitra|Peary Chand Mittra]], S. P. Sagrande, M. Rustomjee, Rajali Pertaup Chunder Sing Bahadoor and Moulvie Abdool Lotiff.{{sfn|Mittra|1881|p=20}} The aim of the society was to "prevent the cruel and improper treatment of animals, and the amelioration of their condition generally throughout India" by among others establishing paid European officers to enforce those who were guilty of ill-treating animals and educating the public. [[Victor Bruce, 9th Earl of Elgin|Lord Elgin]] later became a Patron of the society.{{sfn|Mittra|1881|p=22}} Grant published a text for children on animal cruelty that was to be used in Sunday schools. One of the major causes of injury to draught animals was overloaded carts. The Municipal Commissioners of Calcutta were forced to use improved carts with a single bullock having leather collars while the Indian Carrying Company began to use four-wheeled carts that took the load out of the animals. Around 1877 two more societies were established at Madras and Bangalore.{{sfn|Mittra|1881|p=63}} Towards the end of his life Grant received an Honorary Diploma from the [[Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals]]. A memorial obelisk was erected near [[Writers' Building]] in Calcutta with a watering trough at its base for animals. His position as secretary was succeeded by [[Peary Chand Mitra|Peary Chand Mittra]] who also wrote a biography of Grant.{{sfn|Mittra|1881|p=83}}

==Works==
* {{cite book|last1=Speede|first1=G. T. Frederic S. Barlow|last2=Grant|first2=Colesworthey|title=Indian Handbook of Gardening ... With illustrations ... To which is added, an Hindoostanee and English Vocabulary of horticultural and agricultural terms|date=1840|publisher=Calcutta|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4nTAnQEACAAJ|language=en|display-authors=1}} (Illustrator)
* {{cite book|last1=Grant|first1=Colesworthey|last2=Collection|first2=Southeast Asia Special|title=Rough Pencillings of a Rough Trip to Rangoon in 1846|date=1853|publisher=Creative Media Partners, LLC |isbn=9781297904301|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PZQ8jgEACAAJ|language=en|display-authors=0}}
* {{cite book|last1=Grant|first1=Colesworthey|title=Rural Life in Bengal: Illustrative of Anglo-Indian Suburban Life : More Particularly in Connection with the Planter and Peasantry, the Varied Produce of the Soil and Seasons; with Copious Details of the Culture and Manufacture of Indigo: Letters from an Artist in India to His Sisters in England|date=1860|publisher=W. Thacker & Company|url=https://archive.org/details/in.gov.ignca.9351|language=en|display-authors=0}}
* {{cite book|last1=Grant|first1=Colesworthey|title=Anglo-Indian Domestic Life: A Letter from an Artist in India to His Mother in England|date=1862|publisher=Subarnarekha|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ukoOAAAAQAAJ|language=en|display-authors=0}}
* {{cite book|last1=Grant|first1=Colesworthey|title=Portrait sketches of the public characters of Calcutta, published in the "India Review", "India Medical"... from 1838 to 1850|publisher=s.n.|date=1863|url=https://archive.org/details/b30469302|language=en|display-authors=0}}
* {{cite book|last1=Grant|first1=Colesworthey|title=To the children of Calcutta. On cruelty, by the hon. secretary, Calcutta society for the prevention of cruelty to animals|date=1872|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BJkDAAAAQAAJ|language=en|display-authors=0}}

==Gallery==
<gallery>
File:Sir Jang Bahadur Kunwar Rana (1850).jpg|A portrait of the future Maharaja [[Jung Bahadur Rana]] of [[Nepal]], 1850
File:Raja Sher Singh Attariwala (1853).jpg|A portrait of [[Sher Singh Attariwalla]], 1850
File:Portrait of Mir Nasir Khan Talpur.jpg|A portrait of [[Mir Nasir Khan Talpur]] of [[Sind State|Sind]], 1851
File:8th Bengal Irregular Cavalry Officer (1855).jpg|A [[jemadar]] of the 8th Bengal Irregular Cavalry, 1855
File:Manipuri horseman.jpg|A watercolour of a [[Manipur]]i cavalryman in [[Burma]], 1855
File:Monastery near British Residency.jpg|Watercolour with pen and ink of a [[kyaung]] (Buddhist monastery) at [[Amarapura]], Burma, 1855
File:Amarapura Palace.jpg|A watercolour of the king's palace in Amarapura, Burma, 1855
</gallery>

==Notes==
{{reflist|3}}

==References==
* {{cite journal|doi=10.1177/007327531004800201 |pmid=20582325 |pmc=2997667 |title=Beasts of Burden: Animals and Laboratory Research in Colonial India |journal=History of Science |volume=48 |issue=2 |pages=125–152 |year=2010 |last1=Chakrabarti |first1=Pratik}}
* {{cite book|title=Life of Colesworthy Grant| last=Mittra|first= Peary Chand|author-link=Peary Chand Mitra| year= 1881|url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.55468/2015.55468.Life-Of-Colesworthy-Grant|publisher=I.C. Bose and Company|place= Calcutta}}

==External links==
{{commonscat|Colesworthey Grant}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20081017061617/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1080914/jsp/calcutta/story_9806560.jsp Monument in Calcutta]
* [https://archive.org/details/angloindiandome00grangoog Anglo-Indian domestic life : a letter from an artist in India to his mother in England (1862)]
* [https://archive.org/stream/roughpencillings00granrich Rough pencillings of a rough trip to Rangoon in 1846 (1853)]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20170529050853/http://www.calcuttaspca.org/ Calcutta Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals]
* [https://search.fibis.org/frontis/bin/aps_browse_sources.php?mode=browse_components&id=1063 Index to portraits]

{{People in animal welfare}}
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Grant, Colesworthey}}

[[Category:1813 births]]
[[Category:1880 deaths]]
[[Category:19th-century English artists]]
[[Category:19th-century English writers]]
[[Category:Animal welfare and rights in India]]
[[Category:English animal welfare workers]]
[[Category:British people in British India]]
[[Category:English people of Scottish descent]]
[[Category:English people of Welsh descent]]
[[Category:English horticulturists]]
[[Category:Gardening in India]]
[[Category:Horticulture in India]]
[[Category:Writers about India]]

Jakath Rakshaka Perumal temple

2026-01-24T03:37:03Z

WilheminaJanzen: New a location initial version

{{Short description|Perumal temple in Thanjavur district, Tamil Nadu, India}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2020}}
{{Infobox Hindu temple
| name = Jagad Rakshaka Perumal Temple
| image = Aduthurai perumal1.jpg
| alt =
| caption =
| map_type = India Tamil Nadu
| map_caption = Location in [[Tamil Nadu]]
| coordinates = {{coord|10|55|31|N|79|12|12|E|type:landmark_region:IN|display=inline,title}}
| native_name = Thirukkodaloor
| country = [[India]]
| state = [[Tamil Nadu]]
| district = [[Thanjavur]]
| location = [[Vadakurangaduthurai]], Kumbakonam
| elevation_m =
| deity = {{Plainlist|
* Jagad Rakshaka Perumal ([[Vishnu]])
* Pushpavalli Thayar ([[Lakshmi]])
}}
| facade_direction =
| tower = Suddha Satwa Vimanam
| festivals=
| architecture = [[Dravidian architecture]]
| temple_quantity =
| monument_quantity=
| inscriptions =
| year_completed =
| creator =
| website =
}}

The '''Jagad Rakshaka Perumal Temple''' or '''Thirukoodalur''' (locally called '''Aduthurai Perumal Temple''') in Vadakurangaduthurai, a village in the outskirts of [[Kumbakonam]] in the South Indian state of [[Tamil Nadu]], is dedicated to the Hindu god [[Vishnu]]. Constructed in the [[Dravidian architecture|Dravidian style of architecture]], the temple is glorified in the ''[[Divya Prabandha|Nalayira Divya Prabandham]]'', the early medieval [[Tamil literature|Tamil]] canon of the [[Alvars|Alvar]] saints from the 6th–9th centuries CE. It is one of the 108 ''[[Divyadesam|Divya Desams]]'' dedicated to Vishnu, who is worshipped as Jakath Rakshaka and his consort [[Lakshmi]] as Pushpavalli.

The temple is believed to have been built by the [[Medieval Cholas]] of the late 8th century CE, with later contributions from [[Vijayanagar Empire|Vijayanagara kings]] and [[Madurai Nayaks]]. A brick wall surrounds the temple, enclosing all its shrines and bodies of water.

Jakath Rakshaka is believed to have appeared to sage Nandaka and King [[Ambarisha]]. Six daily rituals and three yearly festivals are held at the temple, of which the Brahmostvam, celebrated during the [[Tamil calendar|Tamil]] month of ''Vaikasi'' (May–June), is the most prominent. The temple is maintained and administered by the Hindu Religious and Endowment Board of the [[Government of Tamil Nadu]].

==Etymology==
As per Hindu mythology, the [[asura]] [[Hiranyaksha]] abducted [[Bhumi (goddess)|Bhumi]], the goddess of the earth, and travelled to the netherworld, called ''[[Patala]]''. Vishnu assumed the incarnation of [[Varaha]], an [[avatar]] in the form of a boar to travel to Patala. He split the earth into two parts, and according to the region's [[sthala purana]], brought the two back at [[Srimushnam]]. [[Thirumangai]] [[Alvars|Alvar]] quotes the incident and calls the village as Pugunthaan Oor, meaning the place where Vishnu went inside the earth. Since Vishnu protected the world here, he is called Jagad Rakshaka Perumal (in Tamil as Vaiyam Katha Perumal). The gap seen in the sanctum close to the image of Jagad Rakshaka is believed to be the centre point of earth and all [[Deva (Hinduism)|devas]] came together to worship him. Since it brought all of them together, an act referred in [[Tamil language|Tamil]] as ''koodal'', the village is called Thirukoodalur.<ref name="dinamalar"/>

==Legend==
[[File:Thirukoodalur3.jpg|Temple ''[[Sthala Vriksham]]''(Temple tree)|200x200px|left|thumb]]
As per Hindu legend, King [[Ambarisha]] who immersed himself in the worship of Vishnu, failed to strengthen his army and lost his kingdom. While doing worship, he also did not observe the sage [[Durvasa]] who went along his way. The sage got irritated and cursed the king. The king went to Vishnu for rescue, who sent his discus to chase the sage. The sage surrendered to Vishnu and begged pardon. The king Ambarishan is believed to have built the temple and hence the presiding deity is also called Ambarisha Varadhar at this place.<ref name=R>[[#R.|R. 1997]], p. 481-2</ref>

As per another legend, all rivers come to river [[Kaveri]] for cleansing themselves. Kaveri wanted to cleanse herself and approached Hindu god [[Brahma]]. She is believed to have worshipped Vishnu at this place and got relieved. A parrot which was devoted to Vishnu was shot down in the nearby forest. Vishnu rescued the parrot and appeased him of his previous birth. Thus it is believed that Vishnu descends here for all forms of life. Vishnu is also believed to have appeared for sage Nandaka.<ref name="dinamalar">{{cite web|title=Sri Jakath Rakshaka Perumal temple|publisher=Dinamalar|url=https://temple.dinamalar.com/en/new_en.php?id=383|access-date=2013-09-09}}</ref><ref name=Ayyar>[[#Ayyar|Ayyar 1982]], p. 533</ref> Since all sages came here and prayed to Vishnu, the place is called Koodalaur (''Koodal'' means group).<ref name=R/> The temple is called Vaiyam Katha Perumal as the presiding deity is believed to have saved the world.<ref name=Ayyar/>

==Architecture==
[[File:Aduthurai perumal2.jpg|200px|thumb|Image of Alvars and shrines]]
The temple is located four miles away from [[Ayyampettai, Thanjavur|Ayyampet]] and is located on Kumbakonam - Tiruvayyaru Road.<ref>{{cite book|title=Sri Vaishnava Divya Desams (108 Tiruppathis Sung by Azhwars): Along with a Selected List of Some Abhimana Sthalams in India|first=Lakshmipuram V. |last=Gopalan|publisher=Sri Visishtadvaitha Pracharini Sabha|year=1972}}</ref> The temple is believed to have been built by the [[Medieval Cholas]] of the late 8th century CE, with later contributions from [[Vijayanagar Empire|Vijayanagara kings]] and [[Madurai Nayaks]]. A brick wall surrounds the temple, enclosing all its shrines and bodies of water. The central shrine has the image of Jakath Rakshaka Perumal in standing posture. The shrine of the Pushpavalli faces South. The temple has a 3-tiered ''[[gopuram|rajagopuram]]'' (gateway tower). There are separate shrines for [[Ramanuja]], [[Azhwars|Alvars]], [[Andal]] and [[Garuda]]. The [[vimana (shrine)|vimana]], the tower above the sanctum, is called Suddha Satwa Vimana.<ref name="dinamalar"/> A chariot called Ambarisha Ratha, renovated by [[Rani Mangammal]], was in use until the 1940s, after which it was not used. There is a statue of the queen in the temple.<ref name=R/>

==Religious significance==
Jagad Rakshaka is considered the saviour deity and he is believed to descend for all forms of life in the planet. The temple is revered in ''[[Nalayira Divya Prabandham]]'', the 7th–9th century Vaishnava canon, by [[Thirumangai Azhwar|Thirumangai Alvar]] in one hymn. The temple is classified as a ''[[Divyadesam|Divya Desam]]'',<ref>{{cite news|title=An NGO does its bit for god - and humanity|url=https://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P3-1262149051.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180414091637/https://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P3-1262149051.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=14 April 2018|url-access=|publisher=Hindustan Times|location=New Delhi, India|date=29 April 2007|access-date=13 April 2018}}</ref> one of the 108 Vishnu temples that are mentioned in the book. The temple is associated with [[Ketu (mythology)|Ketu]], one of the [[Navagrahas]], the nine planet deities of Hinduism. While Vishnu sent his [[Sudarshana Chakra|discus]] to chase the sage [[Durvasa]], the other symbol of him, the conch, got prominence. The conch is believed to have appeared in the jack fruit tree behind the sanctum. Devotees worship the [[Shankha|conch]] in the tree in the temple and during festive occasions, perform special rituals.<ref name="dinamalar"/>

==Festival and religious practices==
[[File:Thirukoodalur2.jpg|''[[Vahana]]'', sacred vehicles in which deity is taken around during festivals|200px|right|thumb]]
The temple priests perform the ''[[puja (Hinduism)|pooja]]'' (rituals) during festivals and on a daily basis. As at other Vishnu temples of Tamil Nadu, the priests belong to the [[Vaishnavism|Vaishnavaite]] community, from the [[Brahmin]] [[Varna (Hinduism)|varna]]. The temple rituals are performed six times a day: ''Ushathkalam'' at 7 a.m., ''Kalasanthi'' at 8:00 a.m., ''Uchikalam'' at 12:00 p.m., ''Sayarakshai'' at 5:00 p.m., ''Irandamkalam'' at 6:00 p.m. and ''Ardha Jamam'' at 7:30 p.m. Each ritual has three steps: ''alangaram'' (decoration), ''neivethanam'' (food offering) and ''deepa aradanai'' (waving of lamps) for both Jakath Rakshaka and Pushpavalli. During the last step of worship, ''[[nagaswaram]]'' (pipe instrument) and ''[[tavil]]'' (percussion instrument) are played, religious instructions in the ''[[Vedas]]'' (sacred text) are recited by priests, and worshippers prostrate themselves in front of the [[Iconography of Shiva temples in Tamil Nadu#Dvajasthamba and Pali Peedam|temple mast]]. There are weekly, monthly and fortnightly rituals performed in the temple. The Brahmotsavam festival celebrated in the [[Tamil calendar|Tamil month]] of ''Vaikasi'' (May–June) and [[Vaikunta Ekadasi|Vaikuntha Ekadashi]] celebrated during the Tamil month of ''Margali'' (December–January) are the major festivals celebrated in the temple. Srisukta Homam, a religious practice, is performed in the temple with 108 lotus leaves on full moon days.<ref name="dinamalar"/>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{refbegin|2}}
* {{cite book|title=South Indian Shrines: Illustrated|publisher=Asian Educational Services|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NLSGFW1uZboC&q=govindaraja+perumal+temple&pg=PA242|last=Ayyar|first=P. V. Jagadisa|isbn=9788120601512|location=New Delhi|year=1982|ref=Ayyar}}
* {{cite book|title=An introduction to religion and Philosophy - Tévarám and Tivviyappirapantam|url=https://archive.org/details/dli.jZY9lup2kZl6TuXGlZQdjZY2lZpy.TVA_BOK_0006115|last=R.|first=Dr. Vijayalakshmy|publisher=International Institute of Tamil Studies| location=Chennai|year=2001|edition=1st|ref=R.}}
{{refend}}

==Gallery==
<gallery class="center">
File:Vayyamkatthaperumaltemple1.jpg|Rajagopura
File:Vayyamkatthaperumaltemple2.jpg|Vimana of the presiding deity
File:Vayyamkatthaperumaltemple3.jpg|Right prakara
File:Vayyamkatthaperumaltemple4.jpg|Left prakara
File:Vayyamkatthaperumaltemple5.jpg|Shrine of the goddess
File:Vayyamkatthaperumaltemple6.jpg|Shrine of Andal
File:Vayyamkatthaperumaltemple7.jpg|Outer wall of the temple
</gallery>

{{Famous Vishnu temples}}

[[Category:Divya Desams| ]]
[[Category:Hindu temples in Thanjavur district]]

History of Jamshedpur

2026-01-23T14:51:29Z

WilheminaJanzen:

{{Short description|History of a city in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2025}}
{{AI-generated|date=January 2026|reason=since the 2024 content expansions like [[Special:Diff/1237966073|this]] and others by user, note [[WP:AISIGNS]] in promotional tone, vocab distribution typical of 2024 LLMs etc}}
[[File:Singhbum-Sairakela-Kharsawan.jpg|thumb|[[Singhbhum district|Singhbum]]-[[Saraikela State|Sairakela]]-[[Kharsawan State|Kharsawan]] map section. Imperial Gazetteer of India (1909)]]
[[File:Ichagarh Rajbari.jpg|thumb|A palace in [[Ichagarh]], outskirts of Jamshedpur]][[Jamshedpur]] is a major industrial city in [[Jharkhand]], [[India]]. It has gained historical significance, as it was an important commercial and industrial center for the [[Middle East]] and the [[North Africa]] during the first and second world war.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-06-19 |title=Story of Jamshedpur: Romance and Valour |url=https://avenuemail.in/story-of-jamshedpur-romance-and-valour/ |access-date=2024-06-15 |website=The Avenue Mail |language=en-US}}</ref> During the middle ages, region surrounding Jamshedpur was ruled by Muslim rulers and kingdoms. The city is part of historic region [[Singhbhum district|Singhbhum]], which is part of wider Manbhum region extending over today's modern cities of [[Dhanbad]] and [[Asansol]].<ref name="jagran-5"/>

The region came in prominence during industrial development of Jamshedpur in 1919, whose foundation was laid by Jamshedji Tata. After independence, the city experienced deadly communal riots in 1964 and 1979 and horrific increase of political crimes, which included assassinations of well-known political figures of the city. Jamshedpur was also a stronghold for Jharkhand statehood movement. On 15 November 2000, Jamshedpur became part of Jharkhand.

== Historical period ==
Ichagarh served as capital of Patkum State. The town is location of Chaturmukhi Shiva Temple, an ancient Shiva temple, home to some of the unique shivalingas.<ref>{{Cite web |title=कई रहस्य समेटे है झारखंड के ईचागढ़ का ऐतिहासिक चतुर्मुखी शिव मंदिर, ऐसी है मान्यता - The historical Chaturmukhi Shiva temple of Ichagarh in Jharkhand has many secrets |url=https://www.jagran.com/jharkhand/jamshedpur-the-historical-chaturmukhi-shiva-temple-of-ichagarh-in-jharkhand-has-many-secrets-19629927.html |access-date=2024-08-01 |website=Jagran |language=hi}}</ref>

During the 12th century, the region of Dhalbhum gained significance.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rathore |first=Abhinay |date=1765 |title=Dhalbhum & Jamboni (Zamindari) |url=https://www.indianrajputs.com/view/dhalbhum_jamboni |access-date=2024-08-01 |website=Rajput Provinces of India |language=en}}</ref>

In the year 1620, Kumar Bikram Singh I, the third Maharaja Jagannath Singh, established the Seraikela state.<ref>{{Cite web |title=History {{!}} District Seraikela Kharsawan, Government of Jharkhand {{!}} India |url=https://seraikela.nic.in/history/ |access-date=2024-08-01 |language=en-US}}</ref>

The region was noted in [[Chuar Rebellion]]

== British colonization: 1857–1947 ==

=== Foundation ===
[[File:JNTata.jpg|thumb|[[Jamsetji Tata|Jamsetji Nusserwanji Tata]] (1839 – 1904)|left]]
Tata Iron and Steel Company, established on 27 August 1907 with a capital of Rs 2 crore, began construction work of the factory and the city on 27 February 1908.<ref name="jagran-1907-1924">{{Cite web |title=वर्ष 1907 से 1924 के बीच क्या-क्या हुआ जमशेदपुर में - |url=https://www.jagran.com/jharkhand/jamshedpur-1907-to-1924-history-jamshedpur-18426356.html |access-date=2024-06-15 |website=Jagran |language=hi}}</ref> By the year 1910, the population of Jamshedpur was only six thousand.<ref name="jagran-1907-1924" /> It was during this time that the dam and water distribution on Swarnarekha were initiated.<ref name="jagran-1907-1924" /> A significant milestone in TISCO was achieved in 1911 when pig iron was produced for the first time.<ref name="jagran-1907-1924" /> The outbreak of the First World War in 1914 provided the company with a better opportunity for growth.<ref name="jagran-1907-1924" /> Subsequently, in 1915, employees at TISCO started receiving free medical services.<ref name="jagran-1907-1924" /> In 1916, the city saw the establishment of Mrs. KMP's School and the operation of two buses by Tata Company from Kalimati station to Bistupur.<ref name="jagran-1907-1924" />

The following year, in 1919, Sakchi was renamed "Jamshedpur", and Kalimati station was renamed "[[Tatanagar Junction railway station|Tatanagar Junction]]", after the end of World War I and as a tribute to the company for its contribution.<ref name="jagran-1907-1924" /> The year 1920 marked the establishment of the Shri Sanatan Dharma Gaurakshini Sabha, now known as Shri Tatanagar Gaushala.<ref name="jagran-1907-1924" /> Jamshedpur Technical Institute was founded in 1921, followed by a strike by TISCO employees in 1922.<ref name="jagran-1907-1924" /> In 1923, production commenced at the [[Tata Tinplate|Tinplate Company of India]] in Jamshedpur.<ref name="jagran-1907-1924" /> Finally, the present TISCO Dairy Farm, known as the Model Dairy Farm, was established in 1924 by former Police Inspector [[Jenő Landler|JH Noland]].<ref name="jagran-1907-1924" />

Hotel Kennelite, located near Jama Masjid of Sakchi, has an intriguing history.<ref name="jagran-5" /> Originally, there existed an inn in this area, known as Sakchi inn, before it transformed into a hotel.<ref name="jagran-5" /> According to local residents, this region was once a part of the Dhalbhumgarh princely state.<ref name="jagran-5" /> Not only did the kings of Dhalbhumgarh frequent this place, but also the rulers of Saraikela, Rajkharsawan, and Mayurbhanj princely states would stay here during their travels.<ref name="jagran-5" /> In its early years, the inn remained in good condition until the 1960s and 1970s, after which it gradually became a refuge for the abandoned.<ref name="jagran-5" /> However, after a considerable period of time, the Jharkhand Tourism Development Corporation acquired the inn.<ref name="jagran-5" /> Subsequently, in 2016, under the supervision of the Tourism Corporation, Hotel Kennelite was constructed. Interestingly, historical records indicate that on 2 January 1919, [[Frederic Thesiger, 1st Viscount Chelmsford|Lord Chelmsford]], the [[Governor of Bengal]], renamed Sakchi as Jamshedpur.<ref name="jagran-5" /> This renaming event added another layer of significance to the area where Hotel Kennelite now stands, further enriching its cultural and historical context.<ref name="jagran-5">{{Cite web |title=बालू से निकलता था सोना,पहाड़ बन गया मैदान, जानिए क्या है कहानी - know history of important places of jamshedpur jagran special |url=https://www.jagran.com/jharkhand/jamshedpur-know-history-of-important-places-of-jamshedpur-jagran-special-18675953.html |access-date=2024-06-15 |website=Jagran |language=hi}}</ref>

=== First and Second World wars: 1914–1945 ===
{{See also|Egyptian campaign|Mesopotamian campaign}}
The first world war began in August 1914 and it rapidly escalated to West Asia centering around the [[Suez Canal]] of [[Egypt]] and from there to the region of [[Mesopotamia]], now called [[Iraq]].<ref name="times-now-2022">{{Cite web |date=2022-04-17 |title=[Throwback]: How Jamshedpur got its name and its Tata connection |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/business-economy/companies/throwback-how-jamshedpur-got-its-name-and-its-tata-connection-article-90888745 |access-date=2024-06-15 |website=Times Now |language=en}}</ref> It extended to [[East Africa]], [[Palestine]] and rest of the [[Middle East]].<ref name="times-now-2022" /> That time all these countries were soon to be under the control of the British and the French, as the war would [[Dissolution of the Ottoman Empire|overthrow]] the [[Ottoman Empire]], which had control over these countries.<ref name="times-now-2022" /> The escalated war increased demand of steel by military of these countries.<ref name="times-now-2022" /> The steel plant already started commencing operations, as it was Asia's first steel plant and made itself the only source of steel to those countries.<ref name="times-now-2022" /> Nearly 1,500 miles of rail and 3,00,000 tonnes of steel produced in Jamshedpur were used in military campaigns across Mesopotamia, Egypt, [[Salonica Campaign|Salonica]] and East Africa.<ref name="mallick-2015">{{Cite web |last=Mallick |first=Priya Ganapathy, Anurag |date=2015-05-28 |title=Real steel: Jamshedpur's little-known war history |url=https://www.cntraveller.in/story/real-steel-jamshedpur-s-little-known-war-history/ |access-date=2024-06-15 |website=Condé Nast Traveller India |language=en-IN}}</ref> After the war, a British parliamentary report affirmed, "It would have been impossible to carry on the campaign without the iron and steel of India".<ref name="mallick-2015" />
[[File:The aftermath of a bomb unloading accident at Chakulia,India, on January 14,1945.jpg|left|thumb|The aftermath of a bomb unloading accident at Chakulia in 1945]]
World War II was started in 1945 in the European countries and extended to the Middle East and rest of Asia. The city was high-valued target by Japan during the war. The British government sough to protect the city from attacks.<ref name="pal-2016">{{Cite web |last=Pal |first=Sanchari |date=2016-12-12 |title=The Little Known Story of How Jamshedpur Played an Active Role in Both the World Wars |url=https://www.thebetterindia.com/77957/jamshedpur-tatanagar-tata-steel-world-wars/ |access-date=2024-06-15 |website=The Better India |language=en-US}}</ref> From Calcutta signals were sent to alert about Japanese army's air-raids.<ref name="pal-2016" /> Several bomb shelters were set up across the city, while anti-aircraft guns were placed on the outskirts.<ref name="pal-2016" /> The company also put efforts to be protect itself from the escalating attacks.<ref name="pal-2016" /> To prevent its damage from Japanese fighter planes from diving down to bomb the factory, steel ropes were tied to gas balloons and sent up to the sky.<ref name="pal-2016" /> Additionally, tar boilers were set up across the steel factory to create smokescreens.<ref name="pal-2016" /> Bartholomew D'Costa, an enterprising Anglo-Indian contractor played a crucial role from the side of Jamshedpur in the war.<ref name="pal-2016" />
[[File:40bg-42-6310takeoff-from-Chakulia-6-1944.jpg|left|thumb|40th [[B-29 Flying Fortress|Bombardment Group B-29 42-6310]] taking off from Chakulia]]
The British and American troops were brought in Jamshedpur.<ref name="pal-2016" /> At that time, no any proper functioning hotel was in the city.<ref name="pal-2016" /> D'Costa built "Boulevard Hotel", which became the first hotel in the city.<ref name="pal-2016" /> The British and American troops used to stay at the hotel and furniture of that time is still in use.<ref name="pal-2016" /> Additional airfields were built at Chakulia and Kalaikunda, surrounded by several underground bunkers.<ref name="pal-2016" /> After Independence, the Indian Air Force used it for training during the 1971 Indo-Pakistan war.<ref name="pal-2016" /> Those times, the control of the [[China Seas|China Sea]] by the Japanese had severed seaborne supply routes.<ref name="pal-2016" /> Consequently, pilots were compelled to undertake treacherous flights spanning 500 kilometers from India to [[China]], traversing the formidable [[Himalayan mountain range]].<ref name="pal-2016" /> This perilous air route, aptly named 'the Hump', earned the reputation of being the most hazardous overland journey across the globe during that era.<ref name="pal-2016" /> The unforgiving terrain, obscured peaks shrouded in mist, and abrupt weather changes made the Hump an exceptionally challenging and dangerous passage for pilots to navigate.<ref name="pal-2016" />

During the war, when Britain faced a shortage in meeting the demand for Armoured Fighting Vehicles (AFVs), they reached out to Commonwealth countries for assistance in production.<ref name="pal-2016" /> India, in response, embarked on the development of a series of Wheeled Armoured Carriers, known as the 'Tatanagar', to contribute to the war effort.<ref name="pal-2016" /> To construct these vehicles, Ford truck chassis imported from Canada were utilized, while Tata Steel played a crucial role in manufacturing the armour-plated hulls.<ref name="pal-2016" /> The collaborative effort resulted in the creation of the Indian Pattern Wheeled Armoured Carriers, famously known as the 'Tatanagar'.<ref name="pal-2016" /> Between the years 1940 and 1944, a remarkable total of 4,655 Tatanagar units were produced at the Railway workshop in Jamshedpur.<ref name="pal-2016" /> Interestingly, it was Tata Engineering & Locomotive Company (now known as Tata Motors) that completed the final order in 1945 when it took over the railway workshop.<ref name="pal-2016" /> This historical context reveals that the first vehicle to roll out of Tata Motors was not a truck, but a tank, highlighting the company's significant contribution to the production of AFVs during that time.<ref name="pal-2016" />

=== Independence movement and influences ===
In 1925, notable figures like [[Mahatma Gandhi]], [[Chittaranjan Das]], and [[CF Andrews]] visited Jamshedpur to address the labor problem.<ref name="jagran-2018">{{Cite web |title=यहां 1951 में एक रुपये में मिलता था आठ पीस लंगड़ा आम - |url=https://www.jagran.com/jharkhand/jamshedpur-history-about-jamshedpur-18454029.html |access-date=2024-06-15 |website=Jagran |language=hi}}</ref> They engaged in discussions with R.D. Tata, seeking resolution and understanding.<ref name="jagran-2018" /> During the same year, the inauguration of the large post office in Jamshedpur took place, which still stands in the present-day Bistupur building.<ref name="jagran-2018" /> The year 1927 witnessed a devastating flood in Jamshedpur, causing significant disruptions to daily life and the city's functioning.<ref name="jagran-2018" /> In 1928-29, a strike spanning over three months occurred at TISCO.<ref name="jagran-2018" /> Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose arrived in Jamshedpur and played a crucial role in facilitating a settlement between the involved parties.<ref name="jagran-2018" />

The tradition of celebrating Founder's Day on 3 March was initiated in 1932, commemorating the founding of the city.<ref name="jagran-2018" /> In 1938, Jugsalai Electric Supply obtained the license for electricity distribution in Jugsalai, contributing to the development and modernization of the area.<ref name="jagran-2018" /> A concrete bridge was constructed across the [[Swarnarekha River]], which flows through the city, in 1942, improving connectivity and transportation within Jamshedpur.<ref name="jagran-2018" /> To address the water supply needs of the growing city, the [[Dimna Nala Reservoir]] was constructed in 1945, ensuring a sufficient water source for the residents.<ref name="jagran-2018" /> In 1946, a group of 12 students and honorary teachers collectively established Jamshedpur Tutorial College, an educational institution that would contribute to the academic growth of the community.<ref name="jagran-2018" />

== Independent India: 1947—present ==
On 15 August 1947 India declared its independence and Jamshedpur became part of Bihar.<ref name="jagran-4">{{Cite web |title=जानिए वर्ष 1952 से 1980 के बीच के जमशेदपुर का सफर - |url=https://www.jagran.com/jharkhand/jamshedpur-know-about-1952-to-1980-history-of-jamshedpur-18477580.html | trans-title=Know the journey of Jamshedpur between 1952 and 1980 |access-date=2024-06-17 |website=Jagran |language=hi}}</ref> The old Singhbhum district was turned into an Indian-held district.<ref name="jagran-4" /> In 1952, a significant development took place in Jamshedpur as the JBS buses were nationalized, marking a milestone in the city's transportation system.<ref name="jagran-4" /> Around the same time, the Ardesir Dalal TB Hospital was established, catering to the healthcare needs of the community.<ref name="jagran-4" /> Two years later, in 1954, an important achievement occurred when the first vehicle produced by Telco in collaboration with [[Daimler Benz]] rolled out of the factory, showcasing the fruitful partnership between the two companies.<ref name="jagran-4" />

In 1955, TISCO entered into an agreement with [[Kaiser Engineering Building|Kaiser Engineers]] from the USA for a two million tonne expansion program, highlighting the company's commitment to growth and progress.<ref name="jagran-4" /> Concurrently, construction work commenced on the Kadma-Sonari Link Road, along with the construction of bungalows for engineers who arrived from America, on Sonari Road.<ref name="jagran-4" /> The year 1958 brought grand celebrations as TISCO commemorated its Golden Jubilee.<ref name="jagran-4" /> On 1 March, Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru, the Prime Minister of India, inaugurated the Jubilee Park in the city, adding another iconic landmark to the landscape.<ref name="jagran-4" /> However, the same year witnessed another large-scale strike by TISCO employees, reflecting the complex dynamics of industrial relations.<ref name="jagran-4" />

In 1962, a concrete bridge was constructed over the [[Kharkai River]], enhancing connectivity and transportation within the city.<ref name="jagran-4" /> Additionally, [[TRF Limited|Tata Robins Fraser]] was established during the same year, further contributing to the industrial landscape of Jamshedpur.<ref name="jagran-4" /> Tragedy struck in 1973 when a severe flood wreaked havoc in the region.<ref name="jagran-4" /> Areas such as Shastrinagar, Ramdasbhatta, Bistupur, Jugsalai, Maango, and others were inundated with floodwaters, reaching heights of eight to ten feet, causing significant damage and disruption.<ref name="jagran-4" /> Between 1979 and 1980, Telco's Jamshedpur plant showcased its manufacturing prowess by producing an impressive 27,000 trucks in a single year, highlighting the company's industrial productivity and contribution to the automotive sector.<ref name="jagran-4" />

=== Communal violence: 1964–1979 ===
{{Main|1964 Calcutta riots|Ram Navami riots}}
In 1964, a wave of violence swept across several cities in eastern India, triggered by the influx of Hindu refugees from East Pakistan who sought shelter in India to escape the anti-Hindu violence in their home country.<ref name="c-info-2009" /> The Indian government organized special trains to facilitate the settlement of these refugees.<ref name="c-info-2009" /> However, the tales of horror from East Pakistan fueled tensions and resulted in episodes of anti-Muslim violence along the route of these special trains, particularly in cities such as Calcutta, Jamshedpur, Rourkela, and Raigarh.<ref name="c-info-2009" /> Tragically, thousands of people, predominantly Muslims, lost their lives during these violent incidents. This eruption of communal violence seemed to resonate with the lingering aftermath of the traumatic Partition of India. Some argue that these events were driven by political motives, as evidenced by subsequent electoral gains by the [[Bharatiya Jan Sangh]] (BJS).<ref name="c-info-2009" /> While there is truth to these explanations, it is important to acknowledge another dimension at play.<ref name="c-info-2009" />

Local economic factors also contributed to the violence in March 1964.<ref name="c-info-2009" /> The rapid industrialization of the 1960s had created new economic opportunities, enabling upward mobility for Muslims. The outbreak of violence was an attempt to disrupt this progress. There are accounts of some Muslims returning to their villages and towns and not resuming their jobs due to the hostile environment.<ref name="c-info-2009" /> The violence in 1964 proved advantageous for the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS) and its affiliated organizations, which were able to establish a foothold in Jamshedpur at the expense of the Muslim community.<ref name="c-info-2009" /> In subsequent elections held in Jamshedpur after 1964, the BJS made its presence felt, securing around 10% of the votes in 1967.<ref name="c-info-2009" /> The targeted violence resulted in the loss of lives among Muslims residing in company quarters, leading to the formation of Azad Nagar, an area with a Muslim majority, on the outskirts of the city.<ref name="c-info-2009" />

Azadnagar came into existence on land sold by the tribals (indigenous people), with the active involvement of the Jamaat-e-Islami in securing the land for Muslims.<ref name="c-info-2009" /> The RSS tried to disrupt the Muslim community's plans by attempting to establish temporary temples on acquired land, leading to legal battles fought by the Jamaat-e-Islami.<ref name="c-info-2009" /> Thus, the 1964 violence, which claimed an estimated 2,000 lives in [[Jamshedpur]], [[Rourkela]], and [[Calcutta]], predominantly among Muslims, further entrenched Hindu and Muslim communal organizations as advocates for the rights of their respective communities.<ref name="c-info-2009" /> [[Dinanath Pandey|Dina Nath Pandey]], who would later play a significant role in the 1979 Jamshedpur riots, emerged on the electoral scene as a candidate of the BJS in the [[1972 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1972 Bihar assembly elections]].<ref name="c-info-2009" /> He secured 10% of the votes and rose to the third position for the [[Jamshedpur East Assembly constituency|Jamshedpur East assembly]] seat. In the 1977 elections, he won this seat as a nominee of the Janata Party.<ref name="c-info-2009" />
In April 1979, Jamshedpur experienced Hindu-Muslim violence influenced by the presence of Hindu and Muslim communal forces.<ref name="c-info-2009">{{Cite web |last=C-info |date=2009-05-29 |title=Jamshedpur communal riots of 1964 and 1979 |url=https://communalism.blogspot.com/2009/05/jamshedpur-communal-riots-of-1964-and.html |access-date=2024-06-16 |website=Communalism Watch}}</ref> The Sangh Parivar aimed to connect with tribals by introducing Hindu deities gradually, while the Jamaat-e-Islami supported Muslims' relocation outside the city.<ref name="c-info-2009" /> Conflict arose when a Ramnavmi procession was planned to pass through the Muslim area of Sabirnagar.<ref name="c-info-2009" /> Despite efforts to find an alternate route, the procession took its original path, leading to tension and a standoff.<ref name="c-info-2009" />

RSS chief Balasaheb Deoras was held responsible for creating the climate that led to the violence.<ref name="c-info-2009" /> A pamphlet circulated detailing the upcoming violence, and on 11 April, the procession passed through Sabirnagar.<ref name="c-info-2009" /> However, it deliberately slowed down and eventually stopped in front of a mosque.<ref name="c-info-2009" /> Clashes broke out, resulting in the loss of lives and looting of houses over the next few days.<ref name="c-info-2009" /> The district administration's efforts to prevent violence were praised, but junior-level policemen were blamed for their inaction.<ref name="c-info-2009" />

One tragic incident involved the burning of an ambulance carrying women and children.<ref name="c-info-2009" /> Zaki Anwar, an advocate of secularism, was killed during the violence.<ref name="c-info-2009" /> Despite the blow to secularism and communal harmony, full-fledged communal riots did not recur in Jamshedpur.<ref name="c-info-2009" /> The sacrifice of Zaki Anwar possibly played a role in preventing future outbreaks of violence.<ref name="c-info-2009" /> Around 108 people were killed in the riot.<ref name="c-info-2009" />

=== Jharkhand: 2000—present ===
On 15 November 2000, Jamshedpur became part of new state called Jharkhand. There are wide roads, shady trees on the roadside, [[Dimna Lake|Dimna Dam]] for drinking water supply near the city, 24-hour uninterrupted electricity supply.<ref name="jagran-2021">{{Cite news |title=Jamshedpur History : जमशेदपुर ने पूरे किए नामकरण के 102 वर्ष, यही रखी गई थी भारत में औद्योगिक क्रांति की नींव - Jamshedpur completes 102 years of its naming Industrial Revolution in India started here |url=https://www.jagran.com/jharkhand/jamshedpur-jamshedpur-completes-102-years-of-its-naming-21228986.html |date= 2 January 2021 |trans-title=Jamshedpur History: Jamshedpur completes 102 years of its naming, this is where the foundation of industrial revolution was laid in India|access-date=2024-06-15 |website=Jagran |language=hi}}</ref> Apart from this, many national level institutes like [[Shavak Nanavati Technical Institute]], [[National Institute of Technology]], [[National Metallurgy Laboratory]], [[MGM Medical College]], [[Al Kabir Polytechnic|Al Kabir Polytechnic College]] are operating here.<ref name="jagran-2021" /> At present, Tata Steel is the country's largest private steel production company producing 11 million tons of steel.<ref name="jagran-2021" /> Jamshedpur is the only city in the country whose basic facilities are taken care of by a private company.<ref name="jagran-2021" />

== References ==

{{reflist}}
[[Category:Histories of cities in India]]
[[Category:History of Jharkhand]]
[[Category:Jamshedpur]]

Vishal Prashant

2026-01-21T03:43:10Z

WilheminaJanzen: creating new stub

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2025}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| office = Member of [[Bihar Legislative Assembly]]
| constituency = [[Tarari Assembly constituency|Tarari]]
| term_start = 23 November 2024
| term_end =
| profession = Politician
| predecessor = [[Sudama Prasad]]
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|parents = [[Sunil Pandey]]
}}

'''Vishal Prashant'''<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-11-23 |title=UP, Rajasthan, Bihar Bye-Election Results 2024 Live Updates: Adityanath hails BJP’s victory as party secures 6 seats in UP, 5 in Rajasthan, and triumphs all 4 in Bihar |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/by-election-results-2024-live-updates-uttar-pradesh-rajasthan-bihar-bjp-congress-9684106/ |access-date=2024-11-24 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> is an Indian politician from Bihar. He is a [[Bihar Legislative Assembly|member of the Bihar Legislative Assembly]] since 2024, representing [[Tarari Assembly constituency]] as a member of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]].<ref name=":N18">{{cite news |title=Tarari Bypoll Election Result 2024 LIVE: Vishal Prashanth of BJP Wins |url=https://www.news18.com/elections/tarari-bypoll-election-result-2024-live-leading-winner-mla-9130402.html |access-date=23 November 2024 |work=News18 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Bihar Election Result: तरारी विधानसभा की हॉट सीट भाकपा-माले से BJP ने छीन ली, विशाल प्रशांत इतने वोटों से जीते |url=https://www.amarujala.com/bihar/bihar-news-tarari-vidhan-sabha-result-2024-in-favour-of-bjp-party-vishal-prashant-bihar-upchunav-result-2024-11-23 |website=Amar Ujala |access-date=23 November 2024 |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=तरारी विधानसभा उपचुनाव रिजल्ट:माले के गढ़ में भाजपा ने लहराया परचम, विशाल प्रशांत की जीत की आधिकारिक घोषणा बाकी; समर्थकों ने मनाया जश्न |url=https://www.bhaskar.com/local/bihar/bhojpur/news/counting-of-votes-for-tarari-by-election-will-start-shortly-134005166.html |website=bhaskar.com |access-date=23 November 2024}}</ref><ref name="Bihar bypolls: NDA wins all four seats, PK's Jan Suraaj Party fails to open its account">{{cite news |last1=The New Indian Express |date=23 November 2024 |title=Bihar bypolls: NDA wins all four seats, PK's Jan Suraaj Party fails to open its account |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2024/Nov/23/bihar-bypolls-nda-wins-all-four-seats-pks-jan-suraaj-party-fails-to-open-its-account |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20241125180221/https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2024/Nov/23/bihar-bypolls-nda-wins-all-four-seats-pks-jan-suraaj-party-fails-to-open-its-account |archivedate=25 November 2024 |accessdate=25 November 2024 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="NDA wins all four seats in Bihar bypolls; Prashant Kishor’s party fails to make a mark in debut">{{cite news |last1=The Hindu |first1= |date=23 November 2024 |title=NDA wins all four seats in Bihar bypolls; Prashant Kishor’s party fails to make a mark in debut |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/bihar/nda-wins-all-four-seats-in-bihar-bypolls-prashant-kishors-party-fails-to-make-a-mark-in-debut/article68902409.ece |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20241125175558/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/bihar/nda-wins-all-four-seats-in-bihar-bypolls-prashant-kishors-party-fails-to-make-a-mark-in-debut/article68902409.ece |archivedate=25 November 2024 |accessdate=25 November 2024 |language=en-IN}}</ref><ref name="Bypoll Election Full Winners List 2024: Check state-wise winners">{{cite news |last1=CNBCTV18 |date=23 November 2024 |title=Bypoll Election Full Winners List 2024: Check state-wise winners |url=https://www.cnbctv18.com/india/politics/bypoll-election-full-winners-list-2024-check-state-wise-winners-19513567.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241125160816/https://www.cnbctv18.com/india/politics/bypoll-election-full-winners-list-2024-check-state-wise-winners-19513567.htm |archive-date=25 November 2024 |access-date=25 November 2024 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="2025 Bihar Legislative Assembly Election Results: Tarari">{{cite news |date=14 November 2025 |title=2025 Bihar Legislative Assembly Election Results: Tarari |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenNov2025/candidateswise-S04196.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251208045855/https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenNov2025/candidateswise-S04196.htm |archive-date=8 December 2025 |access-date=8 December 2025 |publisher=Election Commission of India |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Tarari Constituency Election Results 2015 - 2025">{{cite news |date=14 November 2025 |title=Tarari Constituency Election Results 2015 - 2025 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/assembly-elections/bihar/constituency-show/tarari |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20251208045150/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/assembly-elections/bihar/constituency-show/tarari |archivedate=8 December 2025 |accessdate=8 December 2025 |work= |publisher=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[List of chief ministers of Bihar]]
* [[Bihar Legislative Assembly]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Prashant, Vishal}}

[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Bihar]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Bihar MLAs 2020–2025]]
[[Category:Bihar MLAs 2025–2030]]

{{Bihar-BJP-politician-stub}}

Brainware University

2025-12-22T14:19:13Z

WilheminaJanzen: refine formatting also and cleaned formatting

{{short description|Private university in Kolkata, West Bengal, India}}
{{Multiple issues|
{{more citations needed|date=May 2018}}
{{Promotional|date=March 2023}}
{{cleanup rewrite|date=October 2024}}
}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2018}}
{{Infobox university
| name = Brainware University
| native_name =
| image_name = Brainware-university.jpg
| image_alt =
| caption =
| latin_name =
| motto = ''We Make Careers''
| mottoeng =
| established = {{Start date and age|2016}}
| closed =
| type = [[Private university]]
| endowment =
| officer_in_charge =
| chancellor = Phalguni Mookhopadhayay
| president =
| vice_chancellor = Prof. (Dr.) Sankar Gangopadhyay
| superintendent =
| provost =
| rector =
| dean =
| director =
| head_label =
| head =
| academic_staff = 376 ({{small|2023}})<ref name=nirf_stud>{{cite web |title=NIRF 2023 |url=https://www.brainwareuniversity.ac.in/download/bwu-nirf-report-2023.pdf|publisher=Brainware University}}</ref>
| other =
| city = [[Barasat]]
| state = [[West Bengal]]
| province =
| country = India
| campus = [[Urban area|Urban]] {{Small|{{convert|9|acre|ha}}}}
| free_label =
| free =
| coor = {{Coord|22.7320243|N|88.4998499|E|format=dms|region:IN-WB_type:edu|display=inline,title}}
| colours = Blue and Red {{color box|blue}} {{color box|red}}
| athletics =
| sports =
| nickname =
| mascot =
| academic_affiliations = {{hlist|[[University Grants Commission (India)|UGC]]|[[Association of Indian Universities|AIU]]|[[Pharmacy Council of India|PCI]]|[[Bar Council of India|BCI]]|[[Indian Nursing Council|INC]]}}
| website = {{Official URL}}
| logo = Brainware University.svg
| footnotes = |
}}

'''Brainware University''' is a [[List of private universities in India|private university]] located in [[Barasat, Kolkata, West Bengal]], [[India]]. It was established on 25 February 2016. Brainware University,<ref name="UGC Approved">{{cite web | url=https://www.ugc.gov.in/uni_contactinfo.aspx?id=CvegguymienIM0jQ93kIwA== | title=Approval of Brainwareware University By UGC (India) | access-date=21 March 2023 | archive-date=21 March 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230321084207/https://www.ugc.gov.in/uni_contactinfo.aspx?id=CvegguymienIM0jQ93kIwA== | url-status=live }}</ref> recognized by the [[University Grants Commission (India)|University Grants Commission]] (UGC)<ref name="UGC">{{cite web |title=Private University West Bengal |url=http://www.ugc.ac.in/privateuniversitylist.aspx?id=35&Unitype=3 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150401150838/http://www.ugc.ac.in/privateuniversitylist.aspx?id=35&Unitype=3 |archive-date=1 April 2015 |access-date=18 July 2016 |publisher=[[University Grants Commission (India)|University Grants Commission]]}}</ref> is a state unitary university with the right to confer degrees as per Section 22(1) of the UGC Act, 1956.

==History==
Brainware university offers on-campus [[Undergraduate education|Undergraduate]], [[Postgraduate education|Postgraduate]], [[Doctoral]] and [[Diploma]] programs. Brainware began as a private engineering college in West Bengal and became an IT education university. Eventually emerging as a [[Private university|private]] university on 25 February 2016 under the West Bengal Act XXXI of 2015 (more commonly referred to as Brainware University Act of 2015) passed by the [[West Bengal Legislature]]. It is part of the Brainware Group of Institutions.<ref name="UGC" /><ref>{{cite web |date=15 December 2015 |title=Brainware University Bill, 2015 passed in West Bengal Assembly |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/education/brainware-university-bill-2015-passed-in-west-bengal-assembly/ |access-date=18 July 2016 |publisher=[[Indian Express]] |archive-date=22 August 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160822113018/http://indianexpress.com/article/education/brainware-university-bill-2015-passed-in-west-bengal-assembly/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=7 December 2015 |title=Ensure attendance during discussion of bills: West Bengal Speaker Biman Banerjee |url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2015-12-07/news/68835812_1_winter-session-new-bills-assembly-speaker |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160822195009/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2015-12-07/news/68835812_1_winter-session-new-bills-assembly-speaker |url-status=dead |archive-date=22 August 2016 |access-date=18 July 2016 |publisher=[[The Economic Times]]}}</ref>

==Approvals and recognitions==
[[University Grants Commission (India)|University Grants Commission]],
[[Association of Indian Universities]],
[[Ministry of Education]], [[Indian Nursing Council]], West Bengal Nursing Council, Department of Scientific & Industrial Research or the [[DSIR]], [[Pharmacy Council of India]], [[Ministry of MSME]], [[Bar Council of India]], [[Computer Society of India]], [[Unnat Bharat Abhiyan]], Institution Innovation Council.

==Campus, infrastructure & amenities==
Brainware University is built on a {{convert|9|acre|adj=on}} Barasat campus, located at Barasat Kazipara (Near Jagadighata Market).

The 9-acre campus is home to over 10000 students from across India.

Besides on-campus [[hostels]], multisport arenas, clinics for [[mental healthcare]], general healthcare, and [[physical fitness]] along with on-campus allied healthcare labs are available to the Brainware students.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Shiksha |first=Portal |title=shiksha.com/university/brainware-university-kolkata-48760 |url=https://www.shiksha.com/university/brainware-university-kolkata-48760 |website=Shiksha}}</ref>

==Governance==
*Mr. Phalguni Mookhopadhayay is the [[Organizational founder|Founder]] [[Chancellor (education)|Chancellor]]
*Prof. Sankar Gangopadhyay holds the office of [[Vice Chancellor]]

==Academic programs==
Currently, the university offers over 55 [[undergraduate]], [[post-graduate|postgraduate]] degrees along with [[diploma]] and [[doctoral]] programs<ref>{{Cite web |title=Brainware University, Kolkata Ranking 2024 In India And World |url=https://collegedunia.com/university/57217-brainware-university-kolkata/ranking |access-date=2024-10-17 |website=collegedunia.com |language=en}}</ref> in the field of [[Management]], [[Engineering]], [[Computer Science]], Media Science, [[Multimedia]],<ref>{{Cite web |last=Services |first=Indian Educational |title=Brainware University: Ranking and Accreditation and Recognitation |url=https://www.iesonline.co.in/brainware-university-kolkata/ranking |access-date=2024-10-17 |website=www.iesonline.co.in |language=en}}</ref> [[Law]], [[Commerce]], [[Pharmacy]], [[Biotechnology]], [[Agriscience]], [[Nutrition Science]], [[Nursing]], [[Allied Health Sciences]], and [[Skill]] Development are taught through ten different schools.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Brainware University, Kolkata: Admission, Fees, Courses, Placements, Cutoff, Ranking |url=https://www.careers360.com/university/brainware-university-kolkata |access-date=2024-10-17 |website=@careers360 |language=en |archive-date=8 December 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241208042029/https://www.careers360.com/university/brainware-university-kolkata |url-status=live }}</ref>

*Brainware University Schools of Learning
*School of Engineering
*School of Biotechnology & Bioscience
*School of Agriculture
*School of Management
*School of Law<ref>{{Cite web |title=Brainware University Kolkata: Fees, Courses & Placement 2024 |url=https://propelld.com/site/college/brainware-university |access-date=2024-10-17 |website=propelld.com |language=en |archive-date=8 September 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240908074453/https://propelld.com/site/college/brainware-university |url-status=live }}</ref>
*School of Medical & Allied Health Science
*School of Communication, Multimedia & Film Studies
*School of Humanities & Social Sciences
*School of Skill Development<ref>{{Cite web |title=Brainware University : Courses, Admission 2024, Placements, Ranking & Scholarships |url=https://www.collegedekho.com/colleges/brainware-university |access-date=2024-10-17 |website=CollegeDekho |language=en}}</ref>

==Campus life==
*'''Anandadhara''' is the annual fest of the university.
*'''Creative Communion''' is an intercollege mega-event hosted in the campus.
*'''Texibition''' is the annual techfest for [[prototype]] model-building [[competitions]], [[video gaming]] and [[computer programming|coding]] competitions.
*Talent Clubs include [[Photography]], [[Communication]], [[Cinematography]], [[Technology]].

==Research==
Brainware University has produced 418 [[Academic paper|research papers]], published in [[peer-reviewed journals]]. 113 [[book chapters]] have been published. The university currently has 59 [[patents]] to its name. '''Brainwave: A Multidisciplinary Journal''' ({{ISSN|2582-659X}}) is the [[quarterly]] [[e-journal]]. It is a peer-reviewed [[open-access]] e-Journal.

== Rankings ==
Brainware University, located in West Bengal, India, has received recognition across multiple ranking platforms for its academic standards and research impact. According to UniRank,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Brainware University Ranking & Overview 2024 |url=https://www.unirank.org/in/uni/brainware-university/ |access-date=2024-10-17 |website=www.unirank.org |language=en |archive-date=26 November 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241126205518/https://www.4icu.org/reviews/17886.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> the university ranks among the notable institutions in India and is known for its focus on innovation and student support. In the Times Higher Education World University Rankings,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-11-11 |title=Brainware University |url=https://www.timeshighereducation.com/world-university-rankings/brainware-university |access-date=2024-10-17 |website=Times Higher Education (THE) |language=en}}</ref> Brainware University is acknowledged for its performance in research, teaching, and global outlook. The Ad Scientific Index<ref>{{Cite web |title=Brainware University Ranking and Analysis |url=https://www.adscientificindex.com/university/Brainware+University/ |access-date=2024-10-17 |website=www.adscientificindex.com |archive-date=27 November 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241127023804/https://www.adscientificindex.com/university/Brainware+University/ |url-status=live }}</ref> provides a specialized evaluation, highlighting the university's H-Index and citation influence in various research fields.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Brainware University Ranking 2024: NIRF, The Week, Outlook, India Today, QS Ranking |url=https://www.getmyuni.com/college/brainware-university-kolkata-ranking |access-date=2024-10-17 |website=Getmyuni |language=en |archive-date=21 January 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250121045130/https://www.getmyuni.com/college/brainware-university-kolkata-ranking |url-status=live }}</ref> In the 2024 EPSI Ranking,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Saini |first=Babita |date=2024-06-22 |title=EPSI Ranking 2024: Top Business Schools & Universities in India (Govt. & Pvt.) |url=https://firstreport.news/education/epsi-ranking-in-india/ |access-date=2024-10-17 |website=First Report News |language=en-US}}</ref> Brainware University holds the 70th position within India's CLUB-100 category for multi-disciplinary universities. Edurank<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-11-21 |title=Brainware University [Ranking 2024 + Acceptance Rate] |url=https://edurank.org/uni/brainware-university/ |access-date=2024-10-17 |website=EduRank.org - Discover university rankings by location |language=en |archive-date=19 January 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250119085531/https://edurank.org/uni/brainware-university/ |url-status=live }}</ref> also lists the university favorably, affirming its commitment to education quality and academic growth within India.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Brainware University: Admission 2024, Courses, Fees, Placement, Ranking, Scholarship |url=https://collegedunia.com/university/57217-brainware-university-kolkata |access-date=2024-10-17 |website=collegedunia.com |language=en |archive-date=21 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210121190358/https://collegedunia.com/university/57217-brainware-university-kolkata |url-status=live }}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Universities in West Bengal}}
{{authority control}}

[[Category:Private universities in India]]
[[Category:Universities in Kolkata]]
[[Category:Universities and colleges established in 2016]]
[[Category:2016 establishments in West Bengal]]
[[Category:Private engineering colleges in India]]
[[Category:Engineering colleges in West Bengal]]

List of India Twenty20 International wicket-keepers

2025-12-17T14:59:03Z

WilheminaJanzen:

[{{Short description|none}}
{{Use Indian English|date = April 2021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2021}}
This is a chronological list of [[wicket-keeper]]s who have played for [[India national cricket team|India]] in [[Twenty20 International]] (T20I) matches since the team's first match on 1 December 2006, against [[South Africa national cricket team|South Africa]].<ref>{{cite web|title=ICC World Twenty20, 2007/08–Scorecard |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/netherlands/engine/match/287879.html |work=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=2 January 2012}}</ref> The wicket-keeper in that match was [[MS Dhoni]], who holds the record for most dismissals, stumpings and catches in T20Is as a wicket-keeper.<ref>{{cite news |title=T20I Records – Most wicket-keeper dismissals |url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/283793.html |work=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=9 August 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/283364.html|title=T20I Records – Most wicket-keeper catches|work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/283338.html|title=T20I Records – Most wicket-keeper stumpings|work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref>

==List==
This list only includes players who have played as the designated keeper for a match.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/stats/index.html?class=3;filter=advanced;keeper=1;orderby=start;size=200;team=6;template=results;type=fielding |title=Wicketkeepers who played for India in Twenty20 format |work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref> On occasions, another player may have stepped in to relieve the primary wicket-keeper due to injury or the keeper bowling.

{| class="wikitable"
! Cap || Pyear || Year || Matches || Innings || Catches || Stumpings || Total || Ref
|-
| 2 || [[MS Dhoni]] || 2006–2019 || 98 || 98 || 47 || 19 || '''66''' || <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cricinfo.com/india/content/player/28081.html|title=MS Dhoni|work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref>
|-
| 32 || [[Naman Ojha]] || 2010 || 2 || 2 || 0 || 0 || '''0''' || <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/india/content/player/32102.html|title=Naman Ojha|work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref>
|-
| 37 || [[Parthiv Patel]] || 2011 || 2 || 1 || 1 || 0 || '''1''' || <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/india/content/player/32242.html|title=Parthiv Patel|work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref>
|-
| 14 || [[Robin Uthappa]] || 2007–2015 || 13 || 2 ||1|| 0 || '''1''' || <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/india/content/player/35582.html|title=Robin Uthappa|work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref>
|-
| 4 || [[Dinesh Karthik]] || 2006–2022 || 31 || 9 || 6 || 3 || '''9''' || <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/india/content/player/30045.html|title=Dinesh Karthik|work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref>
|-
| 68 || [[Rishabh Pant]] || 2017–2022 || 33 || 21 || 7 || 5 || '''12''' || <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/india/content/player/931581.html|title=Rishabh Pant|work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref>
|-
| 55 || [[Sanju Samson]] || 2015–2022 || 10 || 3 || 0 || 2 || '''2''' || <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/india/content/player/425943.html|title=Sanju Samson|work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref>
|-
| 63 || [[KL Rahul]] || 2016–2022 || 49 || 8 || 4 || 1 || '''5''' || <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/india/content/player/422108.html|title=KL Rahul|work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref>
|-
| 84 || [[Ishan Kishan]] || 2021–2022 || 3 || 1 || 0 || 1 || '''1'''||<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/player/720471.html|title=Ishan Kishan|work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref>
|-
| 68 || [[Jitesh Sharma]] || 2017–2022 || 33 || 21 || 7 || 5 || '''12''' || <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/india/content/player/931581.html|title=Rishabh Pant|work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref>
|-
| 68 || [[Dhruv Jurel]] || 2024–2024 || 33 || 21 || 7 || 5 || '''12''' || <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/india/content/player/931581.html|title=Rishabh Pant|work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref>
|-
|}

==See also==
* [[List of India Test wicket-keepers]]
* [[List of India One Day International wicket-keepers]]
* [[List of India Twenty20 International cricketers]]
* [[List of India Twenty20 International cricket records]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/stats/index.html?class=3;filter=advanced;keeper=1;orderby=start;size=200;team=6;template=results;type=fielding List of India Twenty-20 wicketkeepers]

{{Cricket in India}}
{{International cricketers}}
{{Wicket-keepers in Twenty20 International cricket}}

[[Category:India Twenty20 International cricketers|*]]
[[Category:Lists of Twenty20 International cricketers|India]]
[[Category:Lists of wicket-keepers|Indian]]
[[Category:Lists of Indian international cricketers|T20 wicket-keepers]]
[[Category:India in international cricket|National]]

Shola

2025-12-07T22:34:35Z

WilheminaJanzen: creating a data

{{Short description|Patch of stunted tropical montane forest in South India}}
{{Other uses}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2022}}
[[File:Shola.jpg|thumb|Sholas in southern [[Western Ghats]].]]
[[File:Shola forest and grassland.jpg|thumb|Shola forest and grassland]]

A '''shola''' is the local name for a patch of stunted [[Montane grasslands and shrublands|tropical montane forest]] found in valleys amid rolling grassland in the higher montane regions of [[South India]], largely in [[Kerala]], [[Karnataka]] and [[Tamilnadu]]. These patches of shola forest are found mainly in the valleys and are usually separated from one another by undulating [[montane grassland]]. The shola and grassland together form the shola-grassland complex or mosaic. Not all such high-elevation grasslands have sholas in their valleys, especially if they are isolated from other such meadows, such as the meadows found in the Idamalayar Reserve Forest in [[Ernakulam district]] of [[Kerala]]. The word 'Shola' is probably derived from the [[Tamil language]] word cōlai (சோலை) meaning [[Grove (nature)|grove]].<ref name="grove">{{citation |url=https://dsal.uchicago.edu/cgi-bin/romadict.pl?query=சோலை&searchhws=yes&table=fabricius |title= J. P. Fabricius's Tamil and English dictionary |edition=4th |author=Fabricius, Johann Philipp|publisher=Evangelical Lutheran Mission Pub. House |year=1972 |page=457 }}</ref>

The shola-forest and grassland complex has been described as a climatic [[climax vegetation]] with forest regeneration and expansion restricted by climatic conditions such as frost or soil characteristics while others have suggested that it may have anthropogenic origins in the burning and removal of forests by early herders and shifting agriculturists.<ref>{{cite journal|title=Phytogeography of the South Indian Hill Stations| author=Meher-Homji VM| journal= Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club| volume=94| issue=4| year=1997| pages= 230–242| doi=10.2307/2483901| jstor=2483901}}</ref>

==Distribution and origin==
[[File:Brahmagirishola.jpg|thumb|300x300px|Shola forest interspersed in valleys among high elevation grasslands on the [[Brahmagiri (hill)|Brahmagiri Hills]]]]

Shola forests are found in the higher elevation hill regions of the [[Nilgiris]], [[Anaimalai]], around [[Anamudi]], [[Palni hills]], [[Meghamalai]], [[Agasthyamalai]] to the south and the [[Malnad]] and associated ranges in parts of [[Wayanad]], [[Coorg]], [[Baba Budangiri]], [[Kudremukh]] up the north, to [[Goa]], [[Satara district]] and [[Sindhudurg district]] in the states of [[Karnataka]], [[Kerala]], [[Goa]], [[Maharashtra]] and [[Tamil Nadu]]. Although generally said to occur above 2000 meters above sea level, shola forests can be found at 1600 meters elevation in many hill ranges (e.g. [[Biligiriranga Hills]]).

The origin of the shola forest and grassland complex has been the subject of scientific debate. Some early researchers suggested that the floristic composition represents a stable final state or climax vegetation. This stability is maintained by climatic conditions such as frost which allow the grass to grow but kill off any forest seedlings.<ref>{{cite journal|author=Ranganathan, C. R. |year= 1938| title= Studies in the ecology of the shola grass-land vegetation of the Nilgiri Plateau| journal= Indian Forester |volume= 64|pages=523–541}}</ref> Others have suggested that the grassland may have been created and maintained by early pastoralists and point out that fire has a major role in the maintenance of the grassland.<ref>{{cite journal|author= Bor, N. L. |year=1938|title= The vegetation of the Nilgiris| journal= Indian Forester
|volume=64|pages=600–609}}</ref> There is evidence for both and several features of the forest trees and the grasslands that have been considered and debated. Pollen analysis from bogs in the Nilgiris suggest that the complex of grassland and forest existed 35,000 years ago, long before human impact began.<ref>{{cite journal| journal= Géographie Physique et Quaternaire| year= 1997| volume= 51| issue= 3|pages=415–426| title=Etude palynologique d'un nouveau sondage dans les marai de Sandynallah (Massif des Nilgiri, Sud-ouest de L'Inde)|author1=Sutra, J-P |author2=R Bonnefille |author3=M. Fontugne |name-list-style=amp | url=http://www.erudit.org/revue/gpq/1997/v51/n3/033140ar.pdf| doi=10.7202/033140ar| doi-access=free}}</ref> Long-term studies on the dynamic processes of vegetation change continue.<ref>{{cite journal| title=The montane grasslands of the Western Ghats, India: Community ecology and conservation| author1=Thomas, S. M. Thomas| author2=M. W. Palmer| name-list-style=amp| journal=Community Ecology| volume=8| issue=1| pages=67–73| year=2007| doi=10.1556/ComEc.8.2007.1.9| bibcode=2007ComEc...8...67T| url=http://botany.okstate.edu/people_research/Palmer/Articles/Ghats.pdf| url-status=dead| archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110720020622/http://botany.okstate.edu/people_research/Palmer/Articles/Ghats.pdf | archivedate=20 July 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | title= Structural, floristic and edaphic attributes of the grassland-shola forests of Eravikulam in peninsular India| journal= Forest Ecology and Management| volume=65| issue=2&3|pages=279–291 |year=1994| doi= 10.1016/0378-1127(94)90176-7| last1= Jose| first1= Shibu| last2= Sreepathy| first2= A.| last3= Mohan Kumar| first3= B.| last4= Venugopal| first4= V.K.| bibcode= 1994ForEM..65..279J}}</ref><ref>{{cite book| chapter= Andisols of the Nilgiri highlands: new insight into their classification, age and genesis|author1=Caner, L |author2=Bourgeon G |name-list-style=amp |title=Sahyadri : The Great Escarpment of the Indian Subcontinent (Patterns of Landscape Development in the Western Ghats)|editor1=Y. Gunnell |editor2=B.P. Radhakrishna |location=Bangalore |series=No. 47|year=2001|publisher=Geological Society of India|pages=905–918|chapter-url=http://hal.cirad.fr/docs/00/25/94/35/PDF/Caner_Memoir-Geological-Society-India_2001.pdf}}</ref>

==Fauna==
Due to their isolation, elevation, and evergreen character, shola forests are home to many [[threatened]] and [[endemic (ecology)|endemic]] [[species]].{{Citation needed|date=February 2011}} Some of the species found here have close relatives only in the distant evergreen forests of [[Northeast India]], the [[Himalayas]] and [[Southeast Asia]]. Some others are found nowhere else in the world.

The [[Western Ghats]] are one of the globally recognized [[biodiversity hotspot]]s. ''[[Colias nilagiriensis]]'' is a species of butterfly endemic to shola grasslands above 2000m, sometimes being considered a subspecies of ''[[Colias erate]]''. Like most other species in the genus [[Colias]], it is found at high elevations and subtropical climate. However, this is the only one found in South India. Among the many larger animals inhabiting a shola-grassland mosaic are [[tiger]]s, [[leopard]]s, [[Asian elephant|elephant]]s and [[gaur]]. The endangered [[Nilgiri tahr]] (of the family [[Bovidae]], which includes gazelles, antelopes, and wild buffaloes) is endemic to the shola-grassland, and its range is now restricted to a 400-km stretch of shola-grassland mosaic, from the [[Nilgiri Hills]] to the [[Agasthyamalai Hills]]. [[Laughingthrush]]es, [[Nilgiri woodpigeon]]s, [[Shortwing (bird)|shortwing]]s, and some of the endemic flycatchers ([[black-and-orange flycatcher]] and [[Nilgiri flycatcher]]) are some of the 300+ species of birds that inhabit this area. The area shows high endemicity and is rivaled only by the forests in northeast India; 35 percent of the plants, 42 percent of the [[fish]], 48 percent of the [[reptile]]s, and 75 percent of the [[amphibian]]s, and about 13 percent of the [[insect]]s, about 25 percent not being found east of [[Bangalore]], that live in these forests are endemic species.{{Citation needed|date=February 2011}}

== Flora ==
[[File:Strobilanthes kunthianus in Kurunji. ..jpg|thumb|A hillside with mass [[Strobilanthes kunthiana|Kurinji]] flowering in 2018]]
[[File:Shola flower.jpg|thumb|''[[Exacum tetragonum]]'', a shola grassland plant]]
At least 25 types of trees are present in the major sholas of the [[Nilgiri Hills]].<ref name="Premalatha S. 2009">{{cite journal|author1=Premalatha S.|author2= Sanil R. |author3= Franklin Charles Jose|year= 2009|title= Shola trees in the upper Nilgiris of Western Ghats|journal=Journal of Basic & Applied Biology|volume= 3|issue=3–4|pages=97–102}}</ref> The dominant trees in this type of forest are ''[[Magnolia nilagirica]]'', ''[[Bischofia javanica]]'' (bishop wood), ''[[Calophyllum tomentosum]]'', ''[[Toona ciliata]]'' (Indian mahogany), ''[[Eugenia]]'' (myrtle) spp., ''[[Ficus glomerata]]'' (atti or cluster fig tree or gular fig tree) and ''[[Mallotus (plant)|Mallotus]]'' spp. Shola forests have an upper storey of small trees, generally ''[[Prunus ceylanica]]'', ''[[Heptapleurum racemosum]]'', ''[[Chionanthus ramiflorus]]'', ''[[Syzygium]]'' spp., [[Rhododendron arboreum|''Rhododendron arboreum'' subsp. ''nilagiricum'']], ''[[Berberis napaulensis]]'', ''[[Elaeocarpus recurvatus]]'', ''[[Ilex denticulata]]'', ''[[Magnolia nilagirica]]'', ''[[Actinodaphne bourdillonii]]'', and ''[[Litsea wightiana]]''. Below the upper story is a low under story and a dense [[shrub]] layer. ''[[Strobilanthes kunthiana]]'', known as '''Kurinji''' or '''Neelakurinji''' in [[Tamil language|Tamil]], is a well known shrub endemic to Western Ghats that blossoms only once in 12 years.<ref>{{cite book |editor-last1= Burley |editor-last2= Styles | date= 1976 |isbn= 978-0121451509| title= Tropical Trees | location= London | publisher= Academic Press | pages= 138–139 }}</ref> There is a thick concentration of mosses growing on the under story and many ferns in the sunlit narrow transition to grassland.
Shola forests are interspersed with [[montane grassland]]s, characterized by frost- and fire-resistant [[grass]] species like ''[[Chrysopogon nodulibarbis]]'', ''[[Cymbopogon flexuosus]]'', ''[[Arundinella ciliata]]'', ''[[Arundinella mesophylla]]'', ''[[Arundinella tuberculata]]'', ''[[Themeda tremula]]'', and ''[[Sehima nervosa]]''.

==Threats==
Invasive [[introduced species]] are a serious threat to this high elevation ecosystem. Some, like ''[[Acacia mearnsii]]'' and'' [[Eucalyptus globulus]]'' are the consequence of commercial plantation and afforestation drives, especially in the [[Nilgiri Mountains]]. Other threatening invasive species include'' [[Lantana camara]]'' and ''[[Ageratina adenophora]]''.<ref>
{{cite journal|url=http://www.akademiai.com/content/w7613053k523056r/fulltext.pdf|title= The montane grasslands of the Western Ghats, India: Community ecology and conservation
|journal=Community Ecology|volume=8|issue=1
|author1=Thomas, S. M. |author2=Palmer, M. W. |year=2007
|pages=67–73|doi= 10.1556/ComEc.8.2007.1.9
|bibcode= 2007ComEc...8...67T
}}</ref>

==Conservation==
Periodic fires have been considered to help maintain the grassland, however, excessive burning has led to a shrinkage of forest patches and the growth of [[invasive species]].<ref>{{cite journal|author1=Rawat, G.S|author2= Karunakaran, P.V. |author3=Uniyal, V.K |year=2003|title= Shola grasslands of the Western Ghats: conservation status and management needs|journal=ENVIS Bulletin on Grassland Ecosystems and Agroforestry|volume= 1|issue=1|pages=57–64|url=http://envis.iifm.ac.in/EB/Sholagrass.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050302152745/http://envis.iifm.ac.in/EB/Sholagrass.pdf |archive-date=2 March 2005 }}</ref>

The shola biome has a high water retention capacity and exists as the primary source of the water for the high elevation organisms is the origin of many streams and rivers in the Western Ghats.<ref name="Premalatha S. 2009"/>

==Gallery==
<div align=center>
<gallery widths="140px" heights="140px" mode="packed" style="text-align:left">
File:Shola Grasslands and forests in the Kudremukh National Park, Western Ghats, Karnataka.jpg|Shola-Grasslands complex in the [[Kudremukh National Park]]
File:Shola-grass-mountain-Grass HillsNP.JPG|Shola, grass and mountain en route to Grass Hills, [[Indira Gandhi National Park]]
File:Shola Tadiandamol 1.jpg|Shola forest & grasslands on way to the Tadiandamol peak
File:Shola forests.jpg
</gallery>
</div>

== See also ==
* [[Meadow]]
* [[Grassland]]
* [[Bugyals]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{commons category|Shola}}

[[Category:Ecoregions of India]]
[[Category:Flora of the Indomalayan realm]]
[[Category:Montane forests]]
[[Category:Montane grasslands and shrublands]]
[[Category:North Western Ghats montane rain forests]]
[[Category:South Western Ghats montane rain forests]]
[[Category:Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests]]

Chandra Naresh Bauri

2025-12-03T15:57:54Z

WilheminaJanzen:

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2025}}

'''Chandra Naresh Bauri''' (born 9 March 1967)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Naresh Chandra Bauri, AITC MLA from Dubrajpur - Our Neta |url=https://ourneta.com/neta/naresh-chandra-bauri/ |access-date=2025-05-07 |language=en}}</ref> is an Indian politician from [[West Bengal]]. He is a former one time member of the [[West Bengal Legislative Assembly]] from [[Dubrajpur Assembly constituency]], which is reserved for the Scheduled Caste community, in [[Birbhum district]]. He was elected in the [[2016 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]] representing the [[All India Trinamool Congress]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-03-18 |title=West Bengal elections: Here is TMC’s full list of candidates |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/west-bengal-elections-mamata-banerjee-tmc-candidate-list/ |access-date=2025-05-07 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>

== Early life and education ==
Bauri is from [[Dubrajpur]], Birbhum district, West Bengal. He is the son of late Tinu Bauri. He completed his MA in geography at [[Visva-Bharati University|Visva Bharati University]] in 1991. Earlier, he did his Bed. He worked as a teacher at the Bolpur Nichupaty Nirod Baroni High School, Bolpur, Birbhum.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2016 |title=Naresh Chandra Bauri (All India Trinamool Congress (AITC)):Constituency- Dubrajpur (SC) (Birbhum) - Affidavit Information of Candidate |url=https://www.myneta.info/westbengal2016/candidate.php?candidate_id=574 |access-date=2025-05-07 |website=www.myneta.info}}</ref>

== Career ==
Bauri was first elected as an MLA winning the 2016 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election representing the All India Trinamool Congress for Dubrajpur Assembly constituency. He polled 94,309 votes and defeated his nearest rival, Bijoy Bagdi of the [[All India Forward Bloc]], by a margin of 39,894 votes.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Live |first=A. B. P. |title=Dubrajpur Election Results 2021 LIVE, Vote Counting, Leading, Trailing , Winners West bengal Dubrajpur Constituency Election News LIVE |url=https://news.abplive.com/elections/west-bengal-election-results-2021/wb-dubrajpur-constituency-284.html |access-date=2025-05-07 |website=news.abplive.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Dubrajpur Election Result 2021 Live Updates: Anup Kumar Saha Of BJP Wins. |url=https://www.news18.com/news/politics/dubrajpur-election-result-2021-live-updates-dubrajpur-winner-loser-leading-trailing-mla-margin-3696611.html |access-date=2025-05-07 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bauri, Naresh Chandra}}
[[Category:1967 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Trinamool Congress politicians from West Bengal]]
[[Category:People from Birbhum district]]
[[Category:West Bengal MLAs 2016–2021]]
[[Category:Visva-Bharati University alumni]]

Wahiduddin Malik

2025-10-27T04:04:29Z

WilheminaJanzen: creating new biography

{{Short description|Indian academic}}
'''Wahiduddin Malik'''{{efn|also spelled '''Wahid Uddin Malik''' and '''Wahid-ud-Din Malik'''}} was an Indian academic who served as the [[List of vice chancellors of the University of Kashmir|10th]] [[vice-chancellor]] of [[University of Kashmir]] from 1981 to 1984<ref name="b646">{{cite web | title=University of Kashmir | website=University of Kashmir | url=https://kashmiruniversity.net/formerVCs.aspx | access-date=2025-08-17}}</ref> and the [[List of vice-chancellors of the University of Allahabad|33rd]] vice-chancellor of [[Allahabad University]] from 1987 to 1990.<ref name="c771">{{cite web | title=University of Allahabad | website=University of Allahabad | date=2021-03-02 | url=https://www.allduniv.ac.in/administration/former-vice-chancellors?utm_source=chatgpt.com | access-date=2025-08-17}}</ref> He was a former professor of [[Chemistry]] at [[Roorkee University]], and served as vice-chancellor of [[Bundelkhand University]].<ref name="i181">{{cite web | title=Best ACN College Of Engineering & Management Aligarh | website=acncems.edu.in | date=2016-09-05 | url=https://www.acncems.edu.in/about-us/ | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250428152011/https://www.acncems.edu.in/about-us/ | archive-date=2025-04-28 | url-status=dead | access-date=2025-08-17}}</ref> At Kashmir University, he established the Department of Geography & Regional Development in 1979 during his tenure as the vice-chancellor.<ref name="s585">{{cite web | url=https://geogrd.uok.edu.in/Files/080dbf8a-06f0-4747-9a74-d08ca769ee97/Menu/Departmental_Profile_f57ea27a-5d04-41f4-99a9-ea3471146dcf.pdf |title= About Us, University of Kashmir| access-date=2025-08-17}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}
{{notelist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Malik, Wahiduddin}}

[[Category:Year of birth unknown]]
[[Category:Year of death unknown]]
[[Category:Vice-chancellors of the University of Kashmir]]
[[Category:Academic staff of the University of Allahabad]]
[[Category:Academic staff of IIT Roorkee]]
[[Category:Indian academics]]

{{India-academic-bio-stub}}

Tulip Telecom

2025-09-08T01:22:50Z

WilheminaJanzen: small refine citations as per guidelines and corrected details

{{Short description|Indian telecommunications company}}
{{more citations needed|date=October 2018}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2018}}
{{Infobox company
| name = Tulip Telecom Limited
| logo = Tulip Telecom logo.png
| type = [[Public company|Public]]
| traded_as = {{ubl|{{BSE was|532691}}|{{NSE was|TULIP}}}}
| foundation = 2 July 1992
| founder = Lt. Col. H. S. Bedi
| key_people = Mr. Santosh Choudary
| location = [[New Delhi]], India
| website = {{URL|http://www.tulip.net/}}
}}

'''Tulip Telecom Limited''', was an IT Services Ltd.Indian [[telecommunications]] services provider.

== History ==
The company was started by Lt Col Hardeep Singh Bedi an ex-army man. After serving the Indian army for 22 years, Lt Col HS Bedi took voluntary retirement and founded his company Tulip IT Services, then Tulip Software Pvt Ltd, in 1994 and today it is known as Tulip Telecom Ltd.

Tulip Telecom Ltd has three main line of business, data connectivity, Managed Services and data centres. Realizing the very wide spread of the country and the inability of copper to be used as a medium for connectivity, Tulip focussed on using wireless for the last mile.

The company leases Inter-city Fibre from most telcos in India and uses wireless and fibre for the last mile. Today Tulip covers over 3000 cities / towns on its network. Its fibre network reaches almost every major building in the metros.

Frost and Sullivan has recognized it as being the largest player in the MPLS VPN market with a share of almost 34%. It provides Internet, VPN and international data connectivity.

==Business strategy==
Tulip focuses on the three needs of its enterprise customers, Data Connectivity, managed services and data centres.

== Data centre ==
The company has set up the world's third largest data centre in Whitefield, Bengaluru. Built to LEED Gold standards, it is designed to be a true Tier 4 Data centre. It is recognized as being one of the best data centers globally and achieves a very low PUE.

The company's customers includes AT&T, Orange Business Services, IBM, HP and UIDAI.

This is Tulip's fifth data centre in the country, which will increases the combined space under its data centres to approximately 10 [[lakh]] square feet. Tulip already has one data centre each in Delhi and Bengaluru and two in [[Mumbai]].

== FCCBs ==

Tulip had in 2012 Bonds of FCCB due with a face value of $100 m for 150m due, along with premium. It had arranged fresh bonds and debt but due to a freak trade and circumstances beyond its control, the bonds could not be redeemed in time and the company went into default. A Provisional liquidator was appointed by the [[Delhi High Court]]. The Winding up has been stayed by the Honourable Division bench of Delhi High Court on the grounds that this is a core infrastructure company.

The Banks appointed top global auditors and the assets of the company were valued by them at Rs 3000 Cr.

The company is now in the process of restructuring its debt and business.

==References==
{{Reflist}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20130724030212/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-04-29/infrastructure/29486859_1_tulip-telecom-schnabel-ibm IBM to set up data centre for Tulip Telecom]

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
*{{Official website|http://tulip.net//}}

[[Category:Companies based in New Delhi]]
[[Category:Telecommunications companies of India]]
[[Category:Companies formerly listed on the Bombay Stock Exchange]]
[[Category:Companies formerly listed on the National Stock Exchange of India]]

Shyam Saran

2025-09-07T21:44:11Z

WilheminaJanzen: quick update

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{EngvarB|date=September 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2014}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Shyam Saran
| office = 26th [[Foreign Secretary (India)|Foreign Secretary of India]]
| term_start = 31 July 2004
| term_end = 1 September 2006
| predecessor = [[Shashank (diplomat)|Shashank]]
| successor = [[Shivshankar Menon]]
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1946|9|4}}
| image = The President, Smt. Pratibha Devisingh Patil presenting the Padma Bhushan Award to Shri Shyam Saran, at an Investiture Ceremony II, at Rashtrapati Bhavan, in New Delhi on April 01, 2011 (cropped).jpg
| caption = Shyam Sharan receiving the [[Padma Bhushan]]
}}

'''Shyam Saran''' (born 4 September 1946) is an Indian career diplomat. He joined the [[Indian Foreign Service]] in 1970 and rose to become the [[Foreign Secretary (India)|Foreign Secretary]] to the [[Government of India]] from 2004 to 2006. Prior to his appointment as the Foreign Secretary he served as India's ambassador to [[Burma|Myanmar]], [[Indonesia]] and [[Nepal]] and as its High Commissioner to [[Mauritius]]. Upon retiring as the Foreign Secretary, he was appointed the Prime Minister's Special Envoy for Indo-US Civil Nuclear Issues and later as Special Envoy and Chief Negotiator on Climate Change.

Until 2015, Shyam Saran was the Chairman of the National Security Advisory Board under the [[National Security Council (India)|National Security Council]]. He also served as the Chairman of [[Research and Information System for Developing Countries]] — an autonomous think tank specializing in studies on economic and trade related issues.<ref>{{cite web|title=Ambassador Shyam Saran, Chairman, Research and Information Systems|url=http://www.ris.org.in/about-ris/chairman.html|access-date=28 September 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140728230642/http://www.ris.org.in/about-ris/chairman.html|archive-date=28 July 2014|df=dmy-all}}</ref> He regularly comments and speaks on politics and foreign policy issues and is a contributor to multiple magazines and newspapers.

In 2011, in recognition of his contribution to the civil service, he was awarded the [[Padma Bhushan]] - third highest civilian honor in India.<ref>{{cite web|title=Padma Vibhushan for Montek Ahluwalia, Azim Premji|url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2011-01-26/news/28423981_1_padma-shri-padma-bhushans-theatre-personality|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121015080045/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2011-01-26/news/28423981_1_padma-shri-padma-bhushans-theatre-personality|url-status=dead|archive-date=15 October 2012|publisher=Economic Times|access-date=28 September 2014}}</ref>

==Early career==
He joined the Indian Foreign Service in 1970 and subsequently served in different capacities in the Indian diplomatic missions in several capitals of the world including Beijing, Tokyo and Geneva. Prior to his appointment as the Foreign Secretary, he was India's Ambassador to [[Burma|Myanmar]], [[Indonesia]] and [[Nepal]] and High Commissioner to [[Mauritius]]. In the [[Ministry of External Affairs (India)|Ministry of External Affairs]], New Delhi, he headed the Economic Division and the Multilateral Economic Division and also headed the East Asia Division which handles relations with China and Japan. As a Joint Secretary in the Prime Minister's Office in 1991/92, he advised the Prime Minister on foreign policy, nuclear and defense related issues. As foreign secretary and later as the special envoy on nuclear issues, he made a significant contribution to the Indo-US nuclear deal.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Sreenivasan|first1=T. P.|title=Shyam Saran: A glorious innings come to an end|url=http://www.rediff.com/news/column/shyam-saran-a-glorious-innings-come-to-an-end/20100222.htm|website=Rediff.com|access-date=28 September 2014}}</ref>

==Foreign Secretary==

===China===
As foreign secretary, he visited [[China]] in March 2005 for the 15th meeting of the India-China Joint Working Group on the boundary issue.
[[File:The Foreign Secretary, Shri Shyam Saran and the Secretary Ministry of Cultural Affairs of Bangladesh, Mr. Shamim Ahsan signing the Cultural Exchange Programme (CEP) for 2005-2008, in Dhaka on August 6, 2005.jpg|thumb|Shyam Saran and the Secretary Ministry of Cultural Affairs of Bangladesh, Shamim Ahsan signing the Cultural Exchange Programme (CEP) for 2005–2008 in Dhaka]]

===Stance on nuclear weapons===
In April 2006, he said that India has no obligation to define its minimum credible nuclear-deterrent after [[United States Assistant Secretary of State]] [[Richard Boucher]] suggested that India "further define" its minimum deterrent. During his tenure, Saran helped negotiate the [[U.S.–India Civil Nuclear Agreement]]. In December 2012, he wrote a research article in which, he pointed out that Pakistan's nuclear arsenal expansion has been extended, this time, not to deter India but to deter possible American attack on Pakistan.<ref name="Daily News, India">{{cite news|last=Daily News|title=Pakistan 'expanding nuclear arsenal to deter US attack'|url=http://india.nydailynews.com/newsarticle/b749661854b09cc8d1ff03a5afdbe27c/pakistan-expanding-nuclear-arsenal-to-deter-us-attack|access-date=15 January 2013|newspaper=Daily News, India|date=7 December 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130510025046/http://india.nydailynews.com/newsarticle/b749661854b09cc8d1ff03a5afdbe27c/pakistan-expanding-nuclear-arsenal-to-deter-us-attack|archive-date=10 May 2013|df=dmy-all}}</ref>

==Later career==
Even though the [[Prime Minister's Office (India)|Prime Minister's Office]] was willing to extend his tenure as foreign secretary when he was set to retire in September 2006, Amb. Saran did retire. He was an advisor to the Prime Minister specializing in nuclear issues, as well as the Indian envoy on climate change. He quit office on 19 February 2010. He was the Chairman of the ''[[Research and Information System for Developing Countries]]'' (RIS) thinktank and a Senior Fellow at the ''[[Centre for Policy Research]]'' in New Delhi.
He is also on the advisory board of World Development Forum, an upcoming forum that aims to bring together citizens' groups, development organizations, businesses and governments, to a common platform to produce, evidence-based politically actionable guidance and unlock greater value, through human enterprise.<ref>[http://www.worlddevelopmentforum.org/Advisory_Board.php Shyam Saran, World Development Forum]</ref> Additionally, Saran is a Member of the Board of Advisors of the [http://globalpanel.org Global Panel Foundation], a respected NGO that works behind the scenes in crisis areas around the world.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://globalpanel.org/boards |title=Global Panel Foundation | Meeting the World in Person |access-date=2016-06-18 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120920100036/http://www.globalpanel.org/boards |archive-date=20 September 2012 |df=dmy-all }}</ref>

==Bibliography==
{{Incomplete list|date=May 2015}}

===Essays and reporting===
*{{cite journal |last=Saran |first=Shyam |date=6 October 2014 |title=Crucible of convergence |journal=[[India Today]] |volume=39 |issue=40 |pages=26–28 }}

===Books===
*How India Sees The World: Kautilya To The 21st Century.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.livemint.com/Opinion/io9GDZ7UtNP3PDEQjnZ6XJ/The-hardearned-wisdom-of-a-good-diplomat.html|title = The hard-earned wisdom of a good diplomat|date = 27 September 2017}}</ref>

==See also==
*[[Navtej Sarna]]
*[[Vikas Swarup]]
*[[Taranjit Singh Sandhu]]
*[[Harsh Vardhan Shringla]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
* [http://meaindia.nic.in/onmouse/fs1.htm Profile] on website of Ministry of External Affairs of India

{{s-start}}
{{s-dip}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Shashank (diplomat)|Shashank]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Foreign Secretary (India)|Foreign Secretary of India]]|years=2004 - 2006}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Shivshankar Menon]]}}
{{s-end}}

{{PadmaBhushanAwardRecipients 2010–19}}
{{Indian civil servants}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Saran, Shyam}}
[[Category:Indian civil servants]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Ambassadors of India to Nepal]]
[[Category:Ambassadors of India to Myanmar|1997]]
[[Category:Ambassadors of India to Indonesia]]
[[Category:Foreign secretaries of India]]
[[Category:1946 births]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Bhushan in civil service]]
[[Category:High commissioners of India to Mauritius]]
[[Category:Indian Foreign Service officers]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian politicians]]

Zara Chowdhary

2025-08-24T22:07:27Z

WilheminaJanzen: creating new page

{{Short description|Indian author and winner of Shakti Bhatt prize}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2025}}
{{Infobox writer
| name = Zara Chowdhary
| image =
| caption =
| birth_date =
| birth_place = [[Chennai]], [[India]]
| occupation = Writer, producer, educator
| nationality = Indian
| education = [[University of Leeds]] (MA) [[Iowa State University]] (MFA)
| genre = [[Memoir]], [[creative nonfiction]]
| notableworks = ''[[The Lucky Ones (memoir)|The Lucky Ones]]''
| awards = [[Shakti Bhatt Prize]] (2025)
| website = {{URL|https://www.zarachowdhary.com/}}
}}

'''Zara Chowdhary''' is an Indian writer, producer, and educator. Her debut memoir, ''[[The Lucky Ones (memoir)|The Lucky Ones]]'', was published in 2024 and received critical acclaim. She is the winner of the 2025 [[Shakti Bhatt Prize]].

== Early life and education ==
Chowdhary was born in [[Chennai]], India. She earned a Master of Arts in Writing for Performance from the [[University of Leeds]] and a Master of Fine Arts in Creative Writing and Environment from [[Iowa State University]].<ref name="Zaracom">{{cite web |title=About Zara - Zara Chowdhary |url=https://www.zarachowdhary.com/about-zara |access-date=2024-09-29 |website=zarachowdhary.com}}</ref>

== Career ==
Before becoming a full-time writer and educator, Chowdhary worked in film, advertising, and media production for over a decade. Her work has been featured on [[Channel V]], [[National Geographic (Indian TV channel)|National Geographic India]], and [[Turner Classic Movies]].<ref name="Zaracom" />

Chowdhary is currently a lecturer at the [[University of Wisconsin–Madison]], where she teaches courses in Hindi, South Asian cultures, protest poetry, and creative nonfiction.<ref name="Zaracom" /><ref name="Lycoming">{{cite web |title=Widely acclaimed author Zara Chowdhary to read from debut memoir at Lycoming College |url=https://www.lycoming.edu/news/stories/2025/03/zara-chowdhary-humanities-research-conference.aspx |access-date=2024-09-29 |website=Lycoming College}}</ref> Her writing has been published in various anthologies and journals, including ''New Moons'' edited by [[Kazim Ali]], ''Flyway Journal'', and ''Cotton Xenomorph''.<ref name="Zaracom" />

=== ''The Lucky Ones'' ===
{{Main|The Lucky Ones (memoir)}}
Chowdhary's debut memoir, ''The Lucky Ones'', was published by [[Crown Publishing Group]] in 2024.<ref name="Kirkus">{{cite web |title=THE LUCKY ONES |url=https://www.kirkusreviews.com/book-reviews/zara-chowdhary/the-lucky-ones-5/ |access-date=2024-09-29 |website=Kirkus Reviews |language=en}}</ref> The book is a personal account of her experience as a sixteen-year-old during the [[2002 Gujarat riots]].<ref name="TheHindu2025">{{cite web |date=2025-06-27 |title=Zara Chowdhary wins 2025 Shakti Bhatt award for debut memoir |url=https://www.thehindu.com/books/zara-chowdhary-wins-2025-shakti-bhatt-award-for-debut-memoir/article69744658.ece |access-date=2024-09-29 |website=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X |archive-date=2025-06-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250627144043/https://www.thehindu.com/books/zara-chowdhary-wins-2025-shakti-bhatt-award-for-debut-memoir/article69744658.ece |url-status=live }}</ref> The memoir explores themes of trauma, family, and the rise of [[Hindutva]] in India.<ref name="Madison365">{{cite web |date=2024-09-09 |title=Q&A with Zara Chowdhary, author of “The Lucky Ones” |url=https://madison365.com/qa-with-zara-chowdhary-author-of-the-lucky-ones/ |access-date=2024-09-29 |website=Madison365}}</ref>

''The Lucky Ones'' received widespread critical acclaim.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Tiwary |first=Varsha |date=2025-01-14 |title=Book Review: In Her Memoir ‘The Lucky Ones’, Zara Chowdhary Refuses to Let Trauma Define Her Identity |url=https://frontline.thehindu.com/books/the-lucky-ones-zara-chowdhary-memoir-2002-gujarat-riots/article69060672.ece |access-date=2025-06-27 |website=Frontline |language=en |archive-date=2025-06-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250627172808/https://frontline.thehindu.com/books/the-lucky-ones-zara-chowdhary-memoir-2002-gujarat-riots/article69060672.ece |url-status=live }}</ref> It was named one of the ten best nonfiction books of 2024 by ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'' magazine,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Gutterman |first=Annabel |date=2024-12-10 |title=The 10 Best Nonfiction Books of 2024 |url=https://time.com/7200389/best-nonfiction-books-2024/ |access-date=2025-06-27 |website=TIME |language=en |archive-date=2025-06-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250627152314/https://time.com/7200389/best-nonfiction-books-2024/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Berkeley">{{cite web |title=Zara Chowdhary, The Lucky Ones: A Memoir (Book Talk & Review) |url=https://events.berkeley.edu/csas/event/294816-zara-chowdhary-the-lucky-ones-a-memoir-book-talk |access-date=2024-09-29 |website=events.berkeley.edu}}</ref> and was included in best-of-the-year lists by [[NPR]], ''[[Esquire (magazine)|Esquire]]'', and ''[[Ms. (magazine)|Ms.]]''<ref name="Berkeley" /><ref name="AnjaliSingh">{{cite web |title=Zara Chowdhary — The Anjali Singh Agency |url=https://www.anjalisinghagency.com/about-zara-chowdhary |access-date=2024-09-29 |website=www.anjalisinghagency.com}}</ref> The book received starred reviews from ''[[Kirkus Reviews]]'' and ''[[Publishers Weekly]]''.<ref name="Kirkus" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=The Lucky Ones: A Memoir by Zara Chowdhary |url=https://www.publishersweekly.com/9780593727430 |access-date=2025-06-27 |website=www.publishersweekly.com |archive-date=2025-06-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250627152314/https://www.publishersweekly.com/9780593727430 |url-status=live }}</ref>

In 2025, Chowdhary was awarded the final iteration of [[Shakti Bhatt Prize]] for ''The Lucky Ones''.<ref name="TheHindu2025" />

== Personal life ==
Chowdhary resides in [[Madison, Wisconsin]], with her family.<ref name="Lycoming" />

== Works ==

* {{cite book |last=Chowdhary |first=Zara |title=The Lucky Ones |publisher=Crown Publishing Group |year=2024 |isbn=978-0593727430}}
{{Portal|Books
}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian writers]]
[[Category:Indian women writers]]
[[Category:Writers from Chennai]]
[[Category:Alumni of the University of Leeds]]
[[Category:Iowa State University alumni]]
[[Category:University of Wisconsin–Madison faculty]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian women writers]]
[[Category:Indian memoirists]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Shakti Bhatt Prize]]

K. Konngam Konyak

2025-08-12T11:03:48Z

WilheminaJanzen:

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2024}}

'''K. Konngam Konyak''' (born 1956)<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=K Konngam Konyak(Bharatiya Janata Party(BJP)):Constituency- PHOMCHING (ST)(MON) - Affidavit Information of Candidate: |url=https://www.myneta.info/Nagaland2023/candidate.php?candidate_id=6847 |access-date=2024-11-09 |website=www.myneta.info}}</ref> is an Indian politician from [[Nagaland]]. He is an [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|MLA]] from [[Phomching Assembly constituency]], which is reserved for [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|Scheduled Tribes]], in [[Mon district|Mon District]]. He won the [[2023 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election]], representing Bharatiya Janata Party.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-03-02 |title=Nagaland Assembly Election results 2023: Check full list of winners |url=https://indianexpress.com/elections/nagaland-assembly-election-results-2023-winners-8473973/ |access-date=2024-11-09 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Bureau |first=ABP News |date=2023-03-02 |title=Nagaland Elections Result 2023 Winners List Live: Check The Full List Of Winners |url=https://news.abplive.com/elections/nagaland-election-results-2023-winners-live-updates-nagaland-results-complete-winners-name-list-bjp-npf-jd-npp-ndpp-1585557 |access-date=2024-11-09 |website=news.abplive.com |language=en}}</ref>

== Early life and education ==
Konyak is from [[Phomching Assembly constituency|Phomching]], Mon District, Nagaland. He is the son of late Konwang Konyak. He studied Class 8 at Government High School, [[Jotsoma]], and passed the [[Nagaland Board of School Education]] examinations in 1979.<ref name=":0" />

== Career ==
Konyak won from Phomching Assembly constituency, representing [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] in the 2023 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election.<ref>{{Cite web |title=You are being redirected... |url=https://nagalandpost.com/index.php/2023/03/03/voters-of-nagaland-mlaya-tripura-vote-for-status-quo/ |access-date=2024-11-09 |website=nagalandpost.com}}</ref> He polled 9,803 votes and defeated his nearest rival and sitting MLA, Pohwang Konyak of the [[Nationalist Congress Party]], by 2,877 votes.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-03-02 |title=Nagaland Election Results 2023: Check full list of constituency-wise winners |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/story/nagaland-assembly-election-results-2023-check-full-list-of-constituency-wise-winners-2341587-2023-03-02 |access-date=2024-11-09 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref> Earlier, he lost the [[2018 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election]] on NPF ticket to Konyak by 632 votes.<ref>{{Cite web |title=K Konngam Konyak in Nagaland Assembly Elections 2023 |url=https://www.news18.com/assembly-elections-2023/nagaland/k-konngam-konyak-phomching-candidate-s17a044c003/ |access-date=2024-11-09 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Nagaland Election: Phomching Assembly constituency result 2023 |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/elections/acno44-acno44.html |access-date=2024-11-09 |website=Deccan Herald |language=en}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Konyak, K. Konngam}}
[[Category:1956 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Nagaland]]
[[Category:Nagaland MLAs 2023–2028]]
[[Category:People from Mon district]]

2nd King Edward VII's Own Gurkha Rifles (The Sirmoor Rifles)

2025-07-21T05:31:04Z

WilheminaJanzen: Improved article clarity and structure

{{EngvarB|date=February 2017}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2017}}
{{Infobox military unit
| unit_name = 2nd King Edward VII's Own Gurkha Rifles
| image = Sirmoor2GR.jpg
| caption = Cap badge
| dates = 1815–1994
| country = {{flagcountry|British India}} {{flag|United Kingdom}}
| type = Infantry
| role = [[Light Infantry]]
| command_structure =
| size =
| garrison = [[British Hong Kong]]
| current_commander =
| colonel_of_the_regiment =
| nickname = The Sirmoor Rifles, Second (2nd) GR
| motto =
| colors = Green; faced and piped red, 1888 scarlet
| march = [http://www.krrcassociation.com/music/lutzows_wild_hunt.mp3 Lützow's Wild Chase]-''Quick March''
| mascot =
| battles =
| decorations =
| ceremonial_chief = [[Charles III|Charles, Prince of Wales]]
| ceremonial_chief_label = Colonel in Chief
| notable_commanders = Lieutenant-Colonel Begbie [[Donald Macintyre (VC)|Major General D Macintyre VC]] [[Herbert MacPherson|Colonel H T Macpherson VC]] Subadar-Major Santbir Gurung Lieutenant-Colonel Frederick William Nicolay
| anniversaries =
| identification_symbol = [[Image:Gurkha TRF.PNG|75px]]
| identification_symbol_label = Shoulder Flash
| identification_symbol_2 = '''2 GR'''
| identification_symbol_2_label = Abbreviation
}}
The '''2nd King Edward VII's Own Gurkha Rifles (The Sirmoor Rifles)''' was a [[rifle regiment]] of the [[British Indian Army]] before being transferred to the [[British Army]] on India's independence in 1947. The 4th Battalion joined the Indian Army as the 5th Battalion, [[8th Gorkha Rifles]] (Sirmoor Rifles), where it exists to this day. As part of the British Army, the regiment served in Malaya, Hong Kong and Brunei until 1994 when it was amalgamated with the other three British Army Gurkha infantry regiments to form the [[Royal Gurkha Rifles]]. It is the only Gurkha regiment which did not have a [[khukuri]] on its cap badge.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20100704052614/http://www.lawranceordnance.com/khaki_and_green/badges_british_gurkha/index.php Lawrance Ordnance – Gurkha (British Army) Regiment Badges]</ref>

== History ==

===Formation and early service===
The regiment was first raised in 1815 as The Sirmoor Battalion.<ref>Parker 2005, p. 46.</ref> This was the first [[Gurkha]] unit in the service of the East India Company to see action, during the [[3rd Mahratta War]] in 1817. The regiment, by now named the 8th (Sirmoor) Local Battalion, gained its first [[battle honour]] at [[Bhurtpore]] in 1825.<ref name=Chappell15/> During the [[First Anglo-Sikh war|First Sikh War]], the regiment fought at Bhudaiwal and [[Battle of Sobraon|Sobraon]], as well as the [[Battle of Aliwal]]. Personnel carried [[colours and guidons|colours]] at the time, and the flagpole was broken by cannon fire. The colour itself was seized by the [[Sikhs]] but reclaimed by a small party of Gurkhas led by a [[Havildar]] who chopped their way into the densely packed enemy lines.<ref name=Chappell13>Chappell 1993, p. 13.</ref>

[[Image:AfghanWarIllustration1878.jpg|thumb|left|Kabul expeditionary force on the march: Quarter Guard of the [[3 Gorkha Rifles]]. 30 November 1878.]]

During the [[Indian Mutiny]], the Sirmoor Battalion was one of the Indian regiments that remained loyal to Britain. It was during this that the regiment took part in the defence of [[Raja Hindu Rao|Hindu Rao]]'s House, near [[Delhi]].<ref name=Chappell13/> For their part in the action, the Sirmoor Battalion was presented with the [[Queen's Truncheon]], which became a replacement for the colours that they relinquished when the regiment became a rifle regiment in 1858.<ref group="nb">Rifle regiments by tradition did not possess Colours.</ref><ref name=Chappell13/> With the decision to number the Gurkha regiments in 1861, the Sirmoor Rifles became the 2nd Gurkha Regiment. In 1876, the battalion acquired a royal patron in the then [[Edward VII of the United Kingdom|Prince of Wales]], becoming the 2nd (Prince of Wales's Own) Gurkha Regiment (The Sirmoor Rifles).<ref>Chappell 1993, p. 14.</ref>

===First World War===
During the [[First World War]], the 2nd Gurkhas (by now named the 2nd King Edward's Own Gurkha Rifles), along with the other regiments of the Gurkha Brigade, served initially in [[Flanders]]. In 1915, the 2nd Battalion moved to [[Egypt]], before returning to India in 1916. The 1st Battalion went to [[Iran|Persia]] and [[Mesopotamian Campaign|Mesopotamia]] in 1916, assisting in the [[Fall of Baghdad (1917)|fall of Baghdad]].<ref>Chappell 1993, pp. 14–15.</ref> In 1919 it was assigned to the [[Norperforce]] in Iran.<ref>{{Citation
|publisher = Brill Academic Publishers
|author = Cecil John Edmonds
|title = East and West of Zagros
|date = 2009
|oclc = 593346009
|ol = 25432016M
}}</ref>

===Second World War===
The [[Second World War]] saw the 2nd Gurkhas serving in many different theatres; the 1st Battalion was initially in [[Cyprus]] before moving to North Africa as part of [[7th Indian Infantry Brigade]], [[4th Indian Division]], where it fought at [[El Alamein]]. Following this it took part in the [[Allied invasion of Italy|invasion of Italy]], taking part in the [[Battle of Monte Cassino|battle for Monte Cassino]]. The 2nd Battalion meanwhile spent much of the war as prisoners of the Japanese after being captured in [[British Malaya|Malaya]]. The 3rd Battalion (raised during the war) took part in the [[Chindit]] operations in [[Burma Campaign|Burma]] in 1943.<ref name=Chappell15/>

===Indian independence===
In 1947, as part of India's independence, it was agreed that the Gurkha regiments would be split between the British and Indian armies—the British Army would take on four regiments (the 2nd, 6th, 7th and 10th), while the Indian Army would retain the rest.<ref>Parker 2005, p. 224.</ref>

While the 2nd Gurkhas became one of the four Gurkha regiments to transfer to the British Army, the regiment's 4th Battalion was transferred to the Indian Army as 5th Battalion, [[8th Gorkha Rifles|8th Gurkha Rifles]] (Sirmoor Rifles) where it exists to this day. The first Indian commanding officer of this battalion, Lieutenant Colonel (later Brigadier) Nisi Kanta Chatterji, requested Army Headquarters, to let the battalion keep the title 'Sirmoor Rifles', which was accepted. This battalion saw action in the [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1965|1965 Indo-Pakistan War]] (as part of the 3rd (Independent) Armoured Brigade, 28 and 191 Infantry Brigades) where it stopped the advance of the Pakistani armour to Akhnur in the Battle of the Fatwal Ridge. In the [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1971|1971 war against Pakistan]], the battalion now as part of the 68th Mountain Brigade, the corps reserves, once again saw fierce action in the defence of Chamb-Akhnur. It launched five successful counterattacks and recaptured the bridge over the Tawi river.<ref>Regimental History of the 8th Gorkha Rifles 1947–1991 by Colonel (Retd) R.D. Palsokar</ref>

It also fought in the Indian North east against the Naga insurgents and in the Doda district of Jammu and Kashmir. Here it distinguished itself by killing the Supreme Commander of the Hizbul Mujahideen, the leading Kashmiri insurgent group. It was awarded the Northern Army Commanders Citation in 1998. It was deployed in Sierra Leone as part of UNAMSIL and distinguished itself in Operation ''Khukri'' in which the Revolutionary United Front rebels were decisively defeated.<ref>{{Cite web | url=http://usiofindia.org/Article/?ano=609%20&pubno=550%20&pub=Journal | title=Article 35A and the basic structure }}</ref>

===Post Indian independence===
Following this, the 2nd Gurkhas spent several years in the Far East, initially during the [[Malayan Emergency]] from 1948 to 1960. Following this, the regiment's two battalions alternated between [[Federation of Malaya|Malaya]], [[Borneo]], [[Brunei]] and Hong Kong, before receiving a regimental depot at [[Church Crookham]] in Hampshire. In 1992, while serving in Hong Kong, the 1st and 2nd Battalions amalgamated to form a single 1st Battalion. This was followed in 1994 by the regiment being amalgamated with the [[6th Queen Elizabeth's Own Gurkha Rifles]] to form the 1st Battalion, [[Royal Gurkha Rifles]].<ref>Parker 2005, p. 302.</ref>

==Battle honours==
The regiment was awarded the following [[battle honour]]s:
*[[Battle of Bharatpur|Bhurtpore]], [[Battle of Aliwal|Aliwal]], [[Battle of Sobraon|Sobraon]], [[Delhi 1857]], [[Kabul 1879]], [[Battle of Kandahar (1880)|Kandahar 1880]], [[Second Anglo-Afghan War|Afghanistan 1878–80]], [[Khai Kam#Chin Hills Expedition (1888-1889)|Chin-Lushai Expedition 1889-90]], [[Tirah Campaign|Tirah]], [[Battle of Gujrat|Punjab Frontier]]
*First World War: [[Race to the Sea|La Bassée 1914]], Festubert 1914 [[Battle of Festubert|'15]], [[Givenchy 1914]], [[Battle of Neuve Chapelle|Neuve Chapelle]], [[Battle of Aubers Ridge|Aubers]], [[Battle of Loos|Loos]], [[Western Front (World War I)|France and Flanders 1914–15]], [[First Suez Offensive|Egypt 1915]], [[Battle of Wadi (1916)|Tigris 1916]], [[Kut al Amara 1917]], [[Fall of Baghdad (1917)|Baghdad]], [[Mesopotamian Campaign|Mesopotamia 1916–18]], [[Persian campaign (World War I)|Persia 1918]], [[World War I#Southern theatres|Baluchistan 1918]]
*[[Third Afghan War|Afghanistan 1919]]
*The Second World War: [[Second Battle of El Alamein|El Alamein]], [[Mareth Line|Mareth]], [[Battle of Wadi Akarit|Akarit]], Djebel el Meida, Enfidaville, [[Tunisia Campaign|Tunis]], [[North African Campaign|North Africa 1942–43]], [[Battle of Monte Cassino|Cassino I]], [[Battle of Monte Cassino|Monastery Hill]], Pian di Maggio, Gothic Line, Coriano, Poggio San Giovanni, Monte Reggiano, [[Italian Campaign (World War II)|Italy 1944–45]], Greece 1944–45, [[Battle of Malaya|North Malaya]], [[Battle of Jitra|Jitra]], [[Battle of Malaya|Central Malaya]], [[Battle of Kampar|Kampar]], [[Battle of Slim River|Slim River]], [[Battle of Muar|Johore]], [[Fall of Singapore|Singapore Island]], [[Battle of Malaya|Malaya 1941–42]], North Arakan, Irrawaddy, Magwe, Sittang 1945, Point 1433, Arakan Beaches, Myebon, Tanbingon, [[Tamandu]], [[Chindits|Chindits 1943]], [[Burma Campaign|Burma 1943–45]].<ref name=Chappell15>Chappell 1993, p. 15.</ref><ref>Parker 2005, pp. 385–386.</ref>

==Victoria Crosses==
* Major [[Donald Macintyre (VC)|Donald MacIntyre]] (Bengal Staff Corps attached to the regiment) – 4 January 1872, Lalgnoora, India.
* Subedar [[Lalbahadur Thapa]] – 6 April 1943, Tunisia.
* Rifleman [[Bhanbhagta Gurung]] – 5 March 1945, Burma.<ref>Parker 2005, pp. 391–393.</ref>

==Colonels-in-Chief==
*1904–1910: [[King Edward VII]]
*1910–1936: [[King George V]]
*1977–1994: [[King Charles III|Charles, Prince of Wales]]

==Regimental Colonels==
Colonels of the Regiment were:<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.regiments.org/regiments/southasia/gurkha/02GR.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051229185523/http://www.regiments.org/regiments/southasia/gurkha/02GR.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=29 December 2005|title=2nd King Edward VII's Own Gurkha Rifles (The Sirmoor Rifles)|publisher= regiments.org|access-date= 14 February 2017}}</ref>
*1946–1956: Lt-Gen. Sir [[Francis Tuker|Francis Ivan Simms Tuker]], KCIE, CB, DSO, OBE, FRGS, FRSA
*1956–1969: Maj-Gen. [[Lewis Pugh (British Army officer)|Lewis Henry Owain Pugh]], CB, CBE, DSO
*1969–1976: Brig. Simon Patrick Martin Kent, CBE
*1976–1986: F.M. [[Edwin Bramall|Edwin Noel Westby Bramall, The Baron Bramall]], KG, GCB, OBE, MC, KStJ
*1986–1994: F.M. Sir [[John Chapple (British Army officer)|John Lyon Chapple]], KCB, CBE
*''1994: Regiment amalgamated with [[6th Queen Elizabeth's Own Gurkha Rifles]], [[7th Duke of Edinburgh's Own Gurkha Rifles]] and [[10th Princess Mary's Own Gurkha Rifles]] to form [[The Royal Gurkha Rifles]]''

==Uniforms==
After a brief period of wearing their own indigenous clothing, the Sirmoor battalion adopted green jackets with red [[facings]]. These were worn with loose fitting blue trousers and a bonnet like headdress. By 1828 black facings, black leather equipment, white trousers and sandals had been issued. A variety of changes followed but the round Kilmarnock cap with red and black dicing had appeared by 1848.<ref>W. Y. Carman, page 189 "Indian Army Uniforms Under the British From the 18th Century to 1947: Artillery, Engineers and Infantry", Morgsn-Grampian: London 1969</ref>

While the Kilmarnock was to become common to all Gurkha regiments, the red trim was to remain a distinctive feature of the 2nd Gurkha Rifles. In 1858 links forged during the [[Siege of Delhi]] led to the authorization of the Gurkha regiment to adopt the red piping and facings of the British [[60th Rifles]]. Formally recognized as a rifle regiment since 1850 the 2nd Gurkha Regiment underwent various changes of title as recorded above. Throughout it wore the standard Gurkha parade and cold weather uniform of [[rifle green]] with leggings and then puttees, silver insignia and black metal buttons. A red [[toorie]] (bobble) on the cap was to remain a distinction of the 2nd Gurkha Rifles. In 1883 [[khaki]] (initially blue/grey) hot weather dress was adopted. The broad brimmed hat was worn with khaki drill service dress from 1902 and was retained as normal uniform between the two world wars. After World War I the historic rifle green was limited to a few limited dress orders such as officers' [[mess uniform]]s and full dress for mess orderlies. During World War II red and black patches were worn on the jungle [[slouch hat]]s.<ref>W. Y. Carman, pages 202–202 "Indian Army Uniforms Under the British From the 18th Century to 1947: Artillery, Engineers and Infantry", Morgsn-Grampian: London 1969</ref>

==See also==
* [[List of Brigade of Gurkhas recipients of the Victoria Cross]]

==Notes==

===Footnotes===
<references group="nb" />

===Citations===
{{reflist|2}}

==References==
*{{cite book|last=Chappell|first=Mike|title=The Gurkhas|year=1993|publisher=Osprey Publishing|location=Oxford|isbn=978-1-85532-357-5}}
*{{cite book|last=Parker|first=John|title=The Gurkhas: The Inside Story of the World's Most Feared Soldiers|publisher=Headline Book Publishing|location=London|year=2005|isbn=978-0-7553-1415-7}}

==External links==
*{{cite web|url=http://regiments.org/regiments/southasia/gurkha/02GR.htm |title=2nd King Edward VII's Own Gurkha Rifles (The Sirmoor Rifles) at regiments.org by T.F.Mills |access-date=30 July 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070715140005/http://regiments.org/regiments/southasia/gurkha/02GR.htm |archive-date=15 July 2007 }}

[[Category:Brigade of Gurkhas|02]]
[[Category:Infantry regiments of the British Army|Gurkha 002 2nd Gurkha Rifles]]
[[Category:Rifle regiments]]
[[Category:Rifle regiments of the British Army]]
[[Category:British Indian Army infantry regiments]]
[[Category:Royal Gurkha Rifles]]
[[Category:Military units and formations established in 1815]]
[[Category:Military units and formations disestablished in 1994]]
[[Category:Border guards]]
[[Category:Bengal Presidency]]
[[Category:1815 establishments in India]]
[[Category:Military units and formations in Burma in World War II|R]]
[[Category:Military units and formations in British Malaya in World War II|R]]

Sitajakhala Dugdha Utpadak Samabai Samiti

2025-06-10T01:16:51Z

WilheminaJanzen: creating a details

{{Short description|Co-operative society}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2025}}
{{Infobox company
| name = Sitajakhala Dugdha Utpadak Samabai Samiti
| native_name =
| trading_name = Sitajakhala
| logo =
| logo_size =
| logo_alt =
| type = Cooperative Society
| founded = 1958
| founder =
| location = [[Sitajakhala]], [[Jagiroad]], [[Morigaon district]], [[Assam]], 782413
| key_people = Ranjib Sharma (Chairman)
| products = Pasteurized Milk, Dairy Products
| members =
| area_served = Middle Assam
| website = https://sitajakhala.com
| footnotes =
}}

'''Sitajakhala Dugdha Utpadak Samabai Samiti (SDUSS)''', also known under '''Sitajakhala''' brand name is a cooperative milk producers' society based in [[Sitajakhala]], [[Jagiroad]], in the [[Morigaon district]] of [[Assam]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Digital |first=Sentinel |date=2021-05-24 |title=Union Minister Rameswar Teli assures help to milk cooperative society |url=https://www.sentinelassam.com/north-east-india-news/assam-news/union-minister-rameswar-teli-assures-help-to-milk-cooperative-society-539783 |access-date=2024-08-23 |website=Sentinel Assam |language=en}}</ref> Established in 1958, it is the only milk producers' cooperative society in [[central Assam]].<ref>{{Cite book |title=Agricultural Situation in India |publisher=Publication Division, Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Ministry of Agriculture. Government of India |year=2000 |edition=Volume 57, Issues 7-12}}</ref>

Today, SDUSSL produces 15,000 liters of milk daily, with most of it being sold in the nearest towns and cities like [[Jagiroad]], [[Morigaon]], [[Nagaon]] and the capital [[Guwahati]].<ref name=":0" />

==History==
The cooperative society is in an area where Gorkha or Nepali-origin people have been raising cattle since before Independence. After Independence, as the demand for milk increased, the community organized and collaborated to meet the market needs of nearby areas.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |last=Hassan |first=Ali Fauz |title=New cow milk brand in town |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/north-east/new-cow-milk-brand-in-town/cid/1423822 |url-status=dead |access-date=24 August 2024 |work=Telegraph India |archive-date=23 August 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240823233505/https://www.telegraphindia.com/north-east/new-cow-milk-brand-in-town/cid/1423822 }}</ref>

The society was formally established in 1958 by 17 members, including key figures like Nandalal Upadhaya and Sabilal Sharma,<ref>{{Cite book |title=Indian Nepalis: issues and perspectives |date=2009 |publisher=Concept Publishing Company |isbn=978-81-8069-446-2 |editor-last=Subba |editor-first=Tanka Bahadur |edition=1st |location=New Delhi |pages=}}</ref> with the goal of eliminating middlemen from the milk trade and to create an organized marketing system for local milk producers, the society ensures that they receive fair prices for their products.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3UJPyfptAj0C |title=Agricultural Situation in India |date=2000 |publisher=Publication Division, Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Ministry of Agriculture. Government of India. |language=en}}</ref> They began with just 27 liters of milk from local cows. Nandalal Upadhaya faced significant resistance, including life threats from middlemen, as he worked to unite farmers.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Goswami |first=Jayanta K. |date=2019-07-31 |title=Sitajakhala: Assam's white revolution |url=https://www.eastmojo.com/news/2019/07/31/sitajakhala-assams-white-revolution/ |access-date=2024-09-08 |website=EastMojo |language=en-US}}</ref>

In 1962, during the Chinese aggression, the society supplied milk to the Indian Army through the Central Dairy. Jersey cows were introduced in 1972 to boost production. On 14 November 2018, the society began distributing processed milk.<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite book |last=Vajjhala |first=Narasimha Rao |title=Opportunities and Strategic Use of Agribusiness Information Systems |publisher=IGI Global |year=2020 |isbn=9781799848509 |pages=138}}</ref>

==Products==
Sitajakhala produces various dairy products, including pasteurized milk, curd, ghee, paneer, butter, buttermilk, and lassi. These products not only meet local dietary needs but also support the economic sustainability of the cooperative.<ref name=":1" />

The society launched milk products under the Gonand brand in 2015.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Karmakar |first=Rahul |date=2018-05-22 |title=A sweet break on Asian Highway 1 |url=https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/op-ed/a-sweet-break-on-asian-highway-1/article23962215.ece |access-date=2024-09-08 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> However, it later discontinued this brand and began producing under the Sitajakhala brand.{{fact|date=June 2025}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Jagiroad]]
[[Category:Morigaon district]]
[[Category:Dairy cooperatives in India]]
[[Category:Indian brands]]
[[Category:Dairy products companies of India]]
[[Category:Brand name dairy products]]
[[Category:Dairy farming in India]]
[[Category:Agricultural cooperatives in India]]
[[Category:Indian companies established in 1958]]

Geoffrey Bull (cricketer)

2025-03-01T11:08:26Z

WilheminaJanzen: added references

{{short description|English cricketer}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2016}}
{{Infobox cricketer
| name = Geoffrey Bull
| image =
| country =
| fullname =
| birth_date = {{birth date|1912|8|1|df=yes}}
| birth_place =
| death_date = {{death date and age|1997|1|20|1912|8|1|df=yes}}
| death_place = [[Ipswich]], England
| nickname =
| batting =
| bowling =
| role =

| club1 =
| year1 =
| clubnumber1 =
| club2 =
| year2 =
| clubnumber2 =

| date = 7 April 2016
| source = http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/player/27081.html ESPNcricinfo
}}
'''Geoffrey Bull''' (1 August 1912 – 20 January 1997) was an English [[cricket]]er. He played [[first-class cricket]] for [[Delhi cricket team|Delhi]] and [[Northern India cricket team|Northern India]] between 1935 and 1942.<ref name="Bio">{{Cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/player/27081.html |title=Geoffrey Bull |access-date=7 April 2016 |work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[List of Delhi cricketers]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{cricinfo|ref=ci/content/player/27081.html}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bull, Geoffrey}}
[[Category:1912 births]]
[[Category:1997 deaths]]
[[Category:English cricketers]]
[[Category:Delhi cricketers]]
[[Category:Northern India cricketers]]
[[Category:Place of birth missing]]
[[Category:20th-century English sportsmen]]

{{England-cricket-bio-1910s-stub}}