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Alliance University

2026-05-08T09:55:14Z

WilfredBirmingha: stub - done

{{Short description|University in Bangalore, India}}
{{about|the Indian university|the former university in New York City|Alliance University (New York City)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2016}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2016}}
{{Infobox university
| name = Alliance University
| image = Alliance University Icon.svg
| caption = [[Coat of arms]]
| established = {{start date and age|df=yes|1995}}
| chancellor = Premanand Shetty<ref name="ReferenceA">{{Cite web|url=https://www.alliance.edu.in/about-us/university-officers|title = University Officers - Alliance University}}</ref>
| head_label = Pro-Chancellor
| head = Abhay G. Chebbi
| vice_chancellor = B. Priestly Shan <ref name="ReferenceA"/>
| campus = Urban, {{convert|55|acres|km2|1|abbr=on}}
| academic_staff = 428<ref name=nirf_stud>{{cite web |title=NIRF 2020 |url=https://www.alliance.edu.in/nirf/2020/NIRF2020.pdf |publisher=Alliance University Bangalore }}{{Dead link|date=February 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
| students = 10424<ref name=nirf_stud/>
| undergrad = 7940<ref name=nirf_stud/>
| postgrad = 2128<ref name=nirf_stud/>
| doctoral = 356<ref name=nirf_stud/>
| motto = Gyanashya Shaktihi Buddhaiya Prakasham ([[Sanskrit]])
| motto_lang = Sanskrit
| mottoeng = The Strength of Knowledge is the Light to Wisdom; is a Sanctum of Higher Learning
| campus_size = {{Convert|60|acre}}
| language = English
| former_names = Alliance Business Academy (1995)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.university.youth4work.com/aba_alliance-business-academy|title=ABA - Alliance Business Academy | Youth4work|website=youth4work.com}}</ref> Alliance Business School (2005)<ref>[https://kshec.ac.in/Acts/Alliance.pdf Alliance] kshec.ac.in {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181011214530/http://kshec.ac.in/Acts/Alliance.pdf |date=11 October 2018 }}</ref>
| colors = {{color box|#800000}}{{color box|#000080}}{{color box|#FFFFFF}} Maroon, Navy blue, White<ref name = glance>{{cite web |title=alliance at a Glance |url=http://www.alliance.edu.in/about-alliance/alliance-glance |publisher=Alliance University |access-date=May 10, 2020 }}{{Dead link|date=February 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
| type = [[Private University]]
| address = [[Anekal]]
| city = [[Bengaluru]]
| state = [[Karnataka]]
| country = India
| website = {{URL|https://alliance.edu.in/}}
| affiliation = [[University Grants Commission (India)|UGC]], [[International Accreditation Council for Business Education|IACBE]], [[Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business|AACSB]], [[All India Council for Technical Education|AICTE]], [[Bar Council of India|BCI]], [[Association of Indian Universities|AIU]], [[National Assessment and Accreditation Council|NAAC]],
}}

'''Alliance University''' is a [[private university]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.ugc.ac.in/uni_contactinfo.aspx?id=537 |title=Archived copy |access-date=12 August 2020 |archive-date=11 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181011214431/https://www.ugc.ac.in/uni_contactinfo.aspx?id=537 |url-status=dead }}</ref> in [[Karnataka]], India. The university offers undergraduate, postgraduate and doctoral programmes in [[business]], [[engineering]], [[technology]], [[liberal arts]], [[applied mathematics]], [[commerce]], and [[law]] under the aegis of its various constituent colleges.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Alliance University | Top Universities in India |url=https://www.alliance.edu.in/programmes/doctoral |website=www.alliance.edu.in}}</ref>

==History and governance==

Originally established in 1995 as Alliance Business Academy, the institution later transformed into Alliance Business School in 2005.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bengaluru: Alliance University – On journey of creating leaders |url=https://www.daijiworld.com/news/newsDisplay?newsID=973706 |access-date=2023-09-08 |website=www.daijiworld.com |language=en}}</ref> Through the enactment of the Karnataka State Act No. 34 in 2010, the school attained the status of a university and is recognized by the University Grants Commission (UGC), New Delhi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Universities - University Grants Commission |url=https://www.ugc.gov.in/centraluniversity.aspx?type=4 |access-date=2023-09-08 |website=www.ugc.gov.in |archive-date=18 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230518101708/https://www.ugc.gov.in/centraluniversity.aspx?type=4 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Alliance Business School Pvt. Ltd supports the growth and development of the university.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Partnership in India |url=https://www.theiet.org/involved/partnerships/academic-partners/academic-partnership-in-india/ |access-date=2023-09-08 |website=www.theiet.org |language=en-US}}</ref>

== Campus ==
The central campus is located on Chandapura-Anekal Main Road in Bangalore City.<ref>{{Cite web |title=BLive partners with Alliance University for electric cycles |url=https://www.autocarpro.in/news/blive-and-alliance-university-join-hands-to-deploy-electric-cycles-on-campus-under-the-green-campus-programme--116496 |access-date=2023-09-08 |website=Autocar Professional |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Bing Maps |url=https://www.bing.com/maps?mepi=0~~Unknown~Address_Link&ty=18&q=Alliance+University&ss=ypid.YN4070x14032711057427552891&ppois=12.73037052154541_77.70673370361328_Alliance+University_YN4070x14032711057427552891~&cp=12.72902~77.707209&v=2&sV=1&lvl=17.6 |access-date=2023-09-08 |website=Bing Maps |language=en}}</ref> The campus also includes sporting facilities, an administrative block, central [[library]], learning center, labs, fitness and activity center, multiple food outlets, and halls of residents for its students.

== Academics ==
The university's constituent schools offer [[Undergraduate education|undergraduate]], [[Postgraduate education|postgraduate]], executive, and doctoral degree programs and several professional certificate programs.

== Rankings, Accreditations, Accolades ==

* September 2025: Ranked 20th in Law by [[National Institutional Ranking Framework|NIRF]] and 71st in Management.
* November 2024: Accredited with A+ grade by the [[National Assessment and Accreditation Council]] (NAAC).
* August 2024: Ranked 80th in Law and 71st in Management by [[National Institutional Ranking Framework|NIRF]]
* Recognized as a Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (SIRO) by the Department of Scientific and Industrial Research (DSIR), [[Government of India]].
* July 2023: Ranked 25th in Law by [[National Institutional Ranking Framework|NIRF]] and 87th in Management.
* May 2023: Rated DIAMOND by QS I-GAUGE.
* March 2023: Shortlisted for THE Awards Asia 2023 under the category ‘International Strategy of the Year’ for the Global Leaders’ Alliance (GLA) program at Alliance School of Liberal Arts.
* January 2023: Times B-School Rankings 2023- Ranked 30th Best B-School under a [[Private university|Private University]], 3rd Best B-School in South India, 13th Best B-School in India (including IIMs and other Government-run Business Schools)
* June 2022: The [[Economic Times Awards|Economic Times]] Best Education Brands Award 2022
* June 2020: Ranked 159th among engineering institutions, including [[Indian Institutes of Technology|IITs]] and [[National Institute of Technology|NITs]] by NIRF
* May 2020: Awarded the QS IGAUGE [[E-learning (theory)|E-Learning]] Excellence for Academic Digitisation.
== Major Events ==
From March 19 to 21, 2025, Alliance University hosted the 3rd edition of Alliance ONE—an unparalleled fusion of technology, culture, and sports. This year, the festival featured six major techno-cultural events, each thoughtfully curated by the various schools of the university, aligning with the 17 [[Sustainable Development Goals]] (SDGs). The event started as a three-day fest driven by one of the most critical priorities of India's [[G20]] Presidency: Accelerating Progress in 2023.

On February 13, 14, and 15, 2025, Alliance University hosted the 4th edition of its Literary Festival. The event featured renowned speakers such as [[Anil Kumble]], [[Javed Akhtar]], [[Rajdeep Sardesai]], and [[Anju Bobby George]], along with captivating performances spanning art, history, culture, politics, management, media, music, and more. The previous editions were held in 2024 under the banner of AI Confest and earlier in 2022 November & May as the Asia Pacific Literary Festival and Alliance Literary Festival, respectively, featuring authors, translators, and performers from around the world along with cultural events.

January 21, 2023, a TEDx event themed "Beyond Boundaries" was held.
[[File:Alliance University.jpg|none|thumb|900x900px|Set across 60+ acres, Alliance University is a serene green campus where lush landscapes and thoughtful architecture create a calm, inspiring space for learning.]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
{{Commons category}}
* {{Official website}}

{{Coord|12.729394|77.7093|display=title}}
{{Universities in Karnataka}}

[[Category:Business schools in Bengaluru]]
[[Category:Private universities in India]]
[[Category:Universities and colleges established in 2010]]
[[Category:2010 establishments in Karnataka]]

Tulasi Srinivas

2026-05-07T22:32:10Z

WilfredBirmingha: New New Page Added Tags - done

{{Short description|Indian academic}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2026}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2026}}
{{Infobox academic
| image =
| image_size =
| occupation = {{flatlist|
* Religious studies scholar
* anthropologist
}}
| father = [[M. N. Srinivas]]
| awards = [[Guggenheim Fellowship]] (2025)
| alma_mater = {{ublist|
* [[Bangalore University]]
* [[University of Southern California]]
* [[Boston University]]
}}
| thesis_title = 'Divine enterprise': An ethnographic study of popular Hinduism
| thesis_url = https://www.proquest.com/openview/d6ebc4c88acb86486890902eb7e82cf2/1
| thesis_year = 2001
| doctoral_advisor = [[Peter L. Berger]]
| discipline = {{flatlist|
* Religious studies
* anthropology
}}
| workplaces = [[Emerson College]]
}}
'''Tulasi Srinivas''' is an Indian religious studies scholar and anthropologist. A 2025 [[Guggenheim Fellow]], her work includes ''Winged Faith'' (2010) and ''The Goddess in the Mirror'' (2024). She is Professor of Anthropology, Religion and Transnational Studies at the [[Emerson College]] Marlboro Institute for Interdisciplinary Studies.<ref name="emerson"/>
==Biography==
Srinivas was born to [[M. N. Srinivas]], a sociologist,<ref>{{cite news |last=Bearak |first=Barry |date=1999-12-03 |title=M. N. Srinivas Is Dead at 83; Studied India's Caste System |work=New York Times |page=C23:1 |id={{ProQuest|431324093}}}}</ref> and Rukmini Srinivas, a geography professor and cookbook writer.<ref name="Gopal 2015">{{cite news |last=Gopal |first=Sena Desai |date=2015-12-16 |title=She reconstructs the tastes of an Indian childhood |url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/444575413/ |work=The Boston Globe |page=G5}}</ref> A native of Bangalore, she obtained a BA in architecture from [[Bangalore University]] and an MA in urban studies from the [[University of Southern California]].<ref name="emerson"/> She obtained a PhD in religious studies and snthropology from [[Boston University]]'s [[University Professors Program]];<ref name="emerson"/> her doctoral dissertation ''‘Divine enterprise’: An ethnographic study of popular Hinduism'' was supervised by [[Peter L. Berger]].<ref>{{cite thesis |last=Srinivas |first=Tulasi |title=‘Divine enterprise’: An ethnographic study of popular Hinduism |publisher=Boston University |url=https://www.proquest.com/openview/d6ebc4c88acb86486890902eb7e82cf2/1 |year=2001 |OCLC=53341366}}</ref>

Srinivas originally taught at [[Wheaton College (Massachusetts)|Wheaton College]] and the [[Berkley Center for Religion, Peace, and World Affairs]], before she started working at [[Emerson College]], where she eventually became a full professor.<ref name="emerson"/> She won Emerson's 2015 Helaine and Stanley Miller Award for teaching excellence.<ref name="emerson"/>

Srinivas specializes in religious studies, with her work centering on comparative ethics, Hinduism, and the anthropology of several aesthetical aspects like beauty and wonder.<ref name="emerson"/> She has written several books, including ''Winged Faith'' (2010), ''Curried Cultures'' (2012), ''The Cow in the Elevator'' (2018), ''Wonder in South Asia'' (2023), and ''The Goddess in the Mirror'' (2024).<ref name="emerson"/> She is currently working on an upcoming book called ''The Runaway Goddess: Water and Women in a Millennial City''.<ref name="emerson"/> In addition to books, she has written a few dozen book chapters and articles.<ref name="emerson"/> In 2025, she was awarded a [[Guggenheim Fellowship]] in Religion.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Announcing the 2025 Guggenheim Fellows |url=https://www.gf.org/stories/announcing-the-2025-guggenheim-fellows |access-date=2026-05-07 |website=Guggenheim Foundation}}</ref> She is also a fellow of the [[Indian Sociological Society]] and the [[Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland]].<ref name="emerson"/>

Srinivas has written articles for ''[[The Conversation (website)|The Conversation]]''<ref>{{Cite web |date=March 28, 2019 |title=Tulasi Srinivas |url=https://theconversation.com/profiles/tulasi-srinivas-710453 |access-date=2026-05-07 |website=The Conversation}}</ref> and ''[[The Wire (India)|The Wire]]'',<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tulasi Srinivas |url=https://science.thewire.in/author/tsrinivas/ |access-date=2026-05-07 |work=The Wire Science}}</ref> and she has frequently appeared as an expert on [[NPR]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Millions Mourn Indian Guru Sathya Sai Baba {{!}} The Takeaway |url=https://www.wnycstudios.org/podcasts/takeaway/segments/126144-millions-mourn-guru-sathya-sai-baba |access-date=2026-05-07 |website=WNYC Studios}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=April 16, 2020 |title=Dr. Fauci Says No More Handshakes. Some Never Liked Them To Begin With |url=https://www.npr.org/2020/04/16/836424330/dr-fauci-says-no-more-handshakes-some-never-liked-them-to-begin-with |access-date=2026-05-07 |work=NPR}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Singh |first=Maanvi |date=March 26, 2015 |title=How Snobbery Helped Take The Spice Out Of European Cooking |url=https://www.keranews.org/2015-03-26/how-snobbery-helped-take-the-spice-out-of-european-cooking |access-date=2026-05-07 |website=KERA News}}</ref> and [[NBC News]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=June 11, 2020 |title=Bon Appétit controversy shows hypocrisy of American food culture, experts say |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/asian-america/culinary-critics-accuse-bon-app-tit-hypocrisy-undervaluing-two-south-n1229861 |access-date=2026-05-07 |website=NBC News}}</ref> In April 2011, she provided an obituary of the mystic [[Sathya Sai Baba]] to ''[[The American Magazine]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Clooney |first=Francis X. |date=2011 |title=Death of a God-man? Sai Baba Dies at 85 |url=https://www.americamagazine.org/all-things/2011/04/25/death-god-man-sai-baba-dies-85/ |access-date=2026-05-07 |website=America Magazine}}</ref> She has criticized the Michelin Guide as "Eurocentric and elitist", citing a lack of representation of African and Indian restaurants.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bilger |first=Micaiah |date=2025-06-03 |title=‘A side of racism with the boeuf bourguignon,’ professor says of Michelin restaurant guide |url=https://www.thecollegefix.com/a-side-of-racism-with-the-boeuf-bourguignon-professor-says-of-michelin-restaurant-guide/ |access-date=2026-05-07 |website=The College Fix}}</ref> She has also worked as an advisor to climate justice non-profit Bhumi and as an expert in global inequality and faith for the World Economic Forum.<ref name="emerson"/>

Srinivas lives in [[Arlington, Massachusetts]].<ref>{{cite news |last=Feeney |first=Mark |date=2025-04-16 |title=11 in Greater Boston win Guggenheim Fellowships |url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/1191233395/ |work=The Boston Globe |page=C12}}</ref> Her sister Lakshmi is a sociologist who works at UM Boston.<ref name="Gopal 2015"/>
==Works==
*''Winged Faith: Rethinking Globalization and Religious Pluralism'' (2010){{efn|Reviews of this book: <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Huffer |first=Amanda |date=2011 |title=Review of Winged Faith: Rethinking Globalization and Religious Pluralism through the Sathya Sai Movement |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/41302451 |journal=The Journal of Asian Studies |volume=70 |issue=3 |pages=894–896 |issn=0021-9118}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Lahiri |first=Smita |date=2012 |title=Review of Winged Faith: Rethinking Globalization and Religious Pluralism through the Sathya Sai Movement |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/23250853 |journal=American Ethnologist |volume=39 |issue=2 |pages=465–467 |issn=0094-0496}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Kent |first=Alexandra |date=2011 |title=Review of Winged faith: rethinking globalization and religious pluralism through the Sathya Sai movement |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/23011406 |journal=The Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute |volume=17 |issue=2 |pages=428–429 |issn=1359-0987}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Upadhyay |first=Surya Prakash |date=2013 |title=Review of Winged faith: rethinking globalization and religious pluralism through the Sathya Sai movement |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/41920146 |journal=Indian Anthropologist |volume=43 |issue=1 |pages=106–106 |issn=0970-0927}}</ref>}}
*''Curried Cultures: Food, Globalization and South Asia'' (2012)<ref name="emerson"/>
*''The Cow in the Elevator: An Anthropology of Wonder'' (2018)<ref name="emerson"/>
*''Wonder in South Asia: Politics, Aesthetics, Ethics'' (2023)<ref name="emerson"/>
*''The Goddess in the Mirror: An Anthropology of Beauty'' (2024){{efn|Reviews of this book: <ref>{{Cite web |last=Shekhawat |first=Gunjan |date=February 12, 2026 |title=The politics of beauty in the salons of Bangalore |url=https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/lsereviewofbooks/2026/02/12/book-review-the-goddess-in-the-mirror-an-anthropology-of-beauty-tulasi-srinivas/ |access-date=2026-05-07 |website=LSE Review of Books}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Hawley |first=John Stratton |date=January 12, 2026 |title=Goddess in the Parlor: A Review Essay |url=https://doi.org/10.1007/s11407-025-09427-3 |journal=International Journal of Hindu Studies |language=en |doi=10.1007/s11407-025-09427-3 |issn=1574-9282}}</ref>}}
*''The Runaway Goddess: Water and Women in a Millennial City'' (TBA)<ref name="emerson"/>
==Notes==
{{notelist}}
==References==
<references>
<ref name="emerson">{{Cite web |title=Tulasi Srinivas |url=https://emerson.edu/faculty-staff-directory/tulasi-srinivas |access-date=2026-05-07 |website=Emerson College}}</ref>
</references>
{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Srinivas, Tulasi}}

[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian anthropologists]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian women scientists]]
[[Category:Indian expatriate academics in the United States]]
[[Category:Indian religion academics]]
[[Category:Hindu studies scholars]]
[[Category:Indian women anthropologists]]
[[Category:Bangalore University alumni]]
[[Category:University of Southern California alumni]]
[[Category:Boston University alumni]]
[[Category:Emerson College faculty]]
[[Category:People from Arlington, Massachusetts]]
[[Category:Academics from Massachusetts]]

Mavelikara Assembly constituency

2026-05-05T19:55:41Z

WilfredBirmingha: Starting

{{Short description|Constituency of the Kerala legislative assembly in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2026}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Mavelikara
| type = SLA
| state = Kerala
| constituency_no = 109
| map_image = Mavelikara-Assembly-map.jpg
| map_caption =
| established = 1957
| reservation = SC
| incumbent_image =
| electors = 1,98,395 (2016)
| mp =
| mla = [[M. S. Arun Kumar]]
| party = [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]]
| alliance = {{legend2|{{party color|Left Democratic Front (Kerala)}}|'''[[Left Democratic Front (Kerala)|LDF]]'''|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
| latest_election_year = [[2021 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|2021]]
| district = [[Alappuzha district|Alappuzha]]
| loksabha_cons = Mavelikara
}}
'''[[Mavelikkara|Mavelikara]] Assembly constituency''' (No. 109) is a legislative entity in the Alappuzha district of Kerala. Rooted in the ancient history of the Onattukara principality, the constituency is a reserved seat for Scheduled Castes. It serves as a vital component of the [[Mavelikara Lok Sabha constituency]] and encompasses the historic Mavelikara Municipality along with seven surrounding rural panchayats.The current MLA is [[M. S. Arun Kumar]] from [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]].

==Local self-governed segments==
Mavelikara Assembly constituency is composed of the following local self-governed segments:<ref>{{cite web
|url = http://www.ceo.kerala.gov.in/alappuzha.html
|website = www.ceo.kerala.gov.in
|title = Local Self Governments in Assembly Constituencies of Alappuzha District
|access-date = 2021-03-13
|archive-date = 2011-03-13
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110313040130/http://www.ceo.kerala.gov.in/alappuzha.html
|url-status = dead
}}</ref>

{|class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size:95%;"
!width="30px" |Sl no.
!width="100px" |Name
!width="130px" |Status ([[Gram panchayat|grama panchayat]]/[[municipality]])
!width="100px" |[[Tehsil|Taluk]]
|-
|1
|[[Mavelikkara]]
|Municipality
|[[Mavelikkara]]
|-
|2
|[[Chunakkara]]
|Grama panchayat
|[[Mavelikkara]]
|-
|3
|[[Thekkekara, Kerala|Mavelikkara-Thekkekara]]
|Grama panchayat
|[[Mavelikkara]]
|-
|4
|[[Thamarakkulam|Mavelikara-Thamarakkulam]]
|Grama panchayat
|[[Mavelikkara]]
|-
|5
|[[Nooranad]]
|Grama panchayat
|[[Mavelikkara]]
|-
|6
|[[Palamel]]
|Grama panchayat
|[[Mavelikkara]]
|-
|7
|[[Thazhakkara]]
|Grama panchayat
|[[Mavelikkara]]
|-
|8
|[[Vallikunnam]]
|Grama panchayat
|[[Mavelikkara]]
|}

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Election
!Niyama Sabha
!Member
! colspan="2"|Party
!Tenure
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[1957 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|1957]]
| rowspan="2" |1st
| P. K. Kunjachan
| {{Full party name with color|rowspan=4|Communist Party of India}}
| rowspan="2" |1957 – 1960
|-
|K. C. George
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[1960 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|1960]]
| rowspan="2" |2nd
|Eravankara Gopala Kurup
| rowspan="2" |1960 – 1965
|-
|P. K. Kunjachan
|-
|[[1967 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|1967]]
|3rd
|rowspan="2"| [[G. Gopinathan Pillai]]
| {{Full party name with color|Samyukta Socialist Party}}
|1967 – 1970
|-
|[[1970 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|1970]]
|4th
| {{Full party name with color|Praja Socialist Party}}
|1970 – 1977
|-
|[[1977 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|1977]]
|5th
|N. Bhaskaran Nair
|{{Full party name with color|National Democratic Party (Kerala)}}
|1977 – 1980
|-
|[[1980 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|1980]]
|6th
| rowspan="3" |S. Govinda Kurup
| {{Full party name with color|rowspan=3|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}
|1980 – 1982
|-
|[[1982 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|1982]]
|7th
|1982 – 1987
|-
|[[1987 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|1987]]
|8th
|1987 – 1991
|-
|[[1991 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|1991]]
|9th
| rowspan="4"| M Murali
| {{Full party name with color|rowspan=4|Indian National Congress}}
|1991 – 1996
|-
|[[1996 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|1996]]
|10th
|1996 – 2001
|-
|[[2001 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|2001]]
|11th
|2001 – 2006
|-
|[[2006 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|2006]]
|12th
|2006 – 2011
|-
|[[2011 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|2011]]
|13th
| rowspan="2" |[[R. Rajesh]]
| {{Full party name with color|rowspan=3|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}
|2011 – 2016
|-
|[[2016 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|2016]]
|14th
|2016-21

|-
|[[2021 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|2021]]
|15th
| rowspan="1" |[[M. S. Arun Kumar]]
|[[Incumbent]]
|-
|}

== Election results ==
Percentage change (±%) denotes the change in the number of votes from the immediate previous election.

===2026===

{{Election box begin | title=[[2026 Kerala Legislative Assembly election]]: Mavelikara}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = CPI(M)
|candidate = [[M. S. Arun Kumar]]
|votes = 67,180
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Adv. Muthara Raj
|votes = 51,444
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = BJP
|candidate = Ajimon
|votes = 23,200
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Ambedkarite Party of India
|candidate = Suresh Nooranad
|votes = 278
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = None of the above
|votes = 565
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box margin of victory|
|votes =
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes =
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner =
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2021 ===
There were 2,06,012 registered voters in the constituency for the 2021 Kerala Assembly election.<ref>{{cite web|title=Kerala Niyamasabha Election Results 2021, Election Commission of India|url=https://results.eci.gov.in/Result2021/ConstituencywiseS11109.htm|website=eci.gov.in}}</ref>

{{Election box begin|title=[[2021 Kerala Legislative Assembly election]]: Mavelikara}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|party=Communist Party of India (Marxist)|candidate=[[M. S. Arun Kumar]]|votes=71,743|percentage=47.61|change={{decrease}}2.20|}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Indian National Congress|candidate=K. K. Shaju|votes=47,026|percentage=31.21|change={{increase}}2.47|}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Bharatiya Janata Party|candidate=K. Sanju|votes=30,955|percentage=20.54|change={{decrease}}0.12|}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=None of the above|candidate=None of the above|votes=519|percentage=0.34|change={{increase}}0.03|}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Ambedkarite Party of India|candidate=Suresh Nooranad|votes=165|percentage=0.11|change=|}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Socialist Unity Centre of India (Communist)|candidate=K. Sasikumar|votes=151|percentage=0.10|change=|}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Independent politician|candidate=B. Subhash|votes=131|percentage=0.09|change=|}}
{{Election box margin of victory||votes=24,717|percentage=16.40|change=}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=1,50,690|percentage=73.16|change={{decrease}}2.29|}}
{{Election box hold with party link||winner=Communist Party of India (Marxist)|loser=Indian National Congress|swing={{decrease}}2.20}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2016 ===
There were 1,98,395 registered voters in the constituency for the 2016 Kerala Assembly election.<ref>{{cite web|title=Kerala Niyamasabha Election Results 2016, Election Commission of India|url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3767-kerala-general-legislative-election-2016|website=eci.gov.in}}</ref>

{{Election box begin|title=[[2016 Kerala Legislative Assembly election]]: Mavelikara}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|party=Communist Party of India (Marxist)|candidate=R. Rajesh|votes=74,555|percentage=49.81|change={{increase}}0.51|}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Indian National Congress|candidate=Baiju Kalasala|votes=43,013|percentage=28.74|change=-|}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Bharatiya Janata Party|candidate=P. M. Velayudhan|votes=30,929|percentage=20.66|change={{increase}}16.93|}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=None of the above|candidate=None of the above|votes=523|percentage=0.35|change=-|}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Socialist Unity Centre of India (Communist)|candidate=Asha T.|votes=242|percentage=0.16|change=-|}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Bahujan Samaj Party|candidate=Kattanam Suresh|votes=213|percentage=0.14|change={{decrease}}0.50|}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Independent politician|candidate=Ajeeshkumar|votes=213|percentage=0.14|change=|}}
{{Election box margin of victory||votes=31,542|percentage=21.07|change={{increase}}17.22}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=1,49,688|percentage=75.45|change={{increase}}0.26|}}
{{Election box hold with party link||winner=Communist Party of India (Marxist)|loser=Indian National Congress|swing={{decrease}}0.51}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2011 ===
There were 1,77,789 registered voters in the constituency for the 2011 election.<ref>{{cite web|title=Kerala Niyamasabha Election Results 2011, Election Commission of India|url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3763-kerala-2011|access-date=11 March 2020|website=eci.gov.in}}</ref>

{{Election box begin|title=[[2011 Kerala Legislative Assembly election]]: Mavelikara}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Communist Party of India (Marxist)|candidate=R. Rajesh|votes=65,903|percentage=49.30|change=|}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Janathipathiya Samrakshana Samithy|candidate=K. K. Shaju|votes=60,754|percentage=45.45|change=|}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Bharatiya Janata Party|candidate=S. Girija|votes=4,984|percentage=3.73|change=|}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Independent politician|candidate=R. Rajeesh|votes=1,185|percentage=0.89|change=|}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Bahujan Samaj Party|candidate=Subhash Mankamkuzhy|votes=860|percentage=0.64|change=-|}}
{{Election box margin of victory||votes=5,149|percentage=3.85|change=}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=1,49,688|percentage=75.19|change=}}
{{Election box gain with party link|winner=Communist Party of India (Marxist)|loser=Indian National Congress|swing=}}
{{Election box end}}

===2006===
There were 1,31,267 registered voters in the constituency for the 2011 election.

{{Election box begin | title=[[2006 Kerala Legislative Assembly election]]: Mavelikara}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = M. Murali
|votes = 47,449
|percentage = 48.7
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = CPI(M)
|candidate = G. Rajamma
|votes = 44,777
|percentage = 45.9
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = BJP
|candidate = Adv. T. O. Noushad
|votes = 3,793
|percentage = 3.9
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent
|candidate = Varghese George
|votes = 561
|percentage = 0.6
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = AIADMK
|candidate = Thajudheen Alummoottil
|votes = 468
|percentage = 0.5
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent
|candidate = Prasanna Kumar
|votes = 446
|percentage = 0.5
|change =
}}
{{Election box margin of victory|
|votes = 2,672
|percentage = 2.7
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 97,505
|percentage = 74.3
|change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Indian National Congress
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2001===
There were 1,47,414 registered voters in the constituency for the 2001 election.

{{Election box begin | title=[[2001 Kerala Legislative Assembly election]]: Mavelikara}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = M. Murali
|votes = 56,402
|percentage = 53.5
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Nationalist Congress Party
|candidate = N. V. Pradeep Kumar
|votes = 45,419
|percentage = 43.0
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = BJP
|candidate = Radhamma Thankachi
|votes = 3,028
|percentage = 2.9
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent
|candidate = R. Parthasarathi Varma
|votes = 382
|percentage = 0.4
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent
|candidate = R. Sreedharan Pillai
|votes = 293
|percentage = 0.3
|change =
}}
{{Election box margin of victory|
|votes = 10,983
|percentage = 10.4
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 1,05,534
|percentage = 71.6
|change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Indian National Congress
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
* [[Mavelikara]]
* [[Alappuzha district]]
* [[List of constituencies of the Kerala Legislative Assembly]]
* [[2016 Kerala Legislative Assembly election]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Kerala Assembly Constituencies}}

{{Kerala Niyamasabha elections}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Kerala]]
[[Category:State assembly constituencies in Alappuzha district]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1957]]
[[Category:1957 establishments in Kerala]]

INS Shalki

2026-05-05T16:45:49Z

WilfredBirmingha:

{{Short description|1989 Shishumar-class submarine}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2013}}{{italic title|string=Shalki}}
{{Infobox ship
|section1={{Infobox ship/image
|image=
|image_caption=
}}

|section2={{Infobox ship/career
|hide_header=
|country=India
|flag={{shipboxflag|India|naval}}
|name= INS ''Shalki''
|namesake= [[Common dolphin]]
|ordered=
|builder= [[Mazagon Dock Limited]]
|laid_down=
|launched=30 September 1989
|acquired=
|commissioned= 7 February 1992<ref name=br-shishumar>{{cite web|url=http://www.bharat-rakshak.com/NAVY/Submarines/Active/93-Shishumar-Class.html |title=Bharat-Rakshak.com :: NAVY - Shishumar Class |access-date=19 December 2014 |url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141004055233/http://www.bharat-rakshak.com/NAVY/Submarines/Active/93-Shishumar-Class.html |archive-date=4 October 2014 }}</ref>
|decommissioned=
|in_service=
|out_of_service=
|struck=
|reinstated=
|fate=
|status={{shipactive}}
|badge = }}

|section3={{Infobox ship/characteristics
|hide_header=
|header_caption=
|class= {{sclass|Shishumar|submarine}}
|type=
|displacement=*1450 tons surfaced
*1850 tons submerged
|length= {{convert|64.4|m|ft|abbr=on}}
|beam= {{convert|6.5|m|ft|abbr=on}}
|draught= {{convert|6|m|ft|abbr=on}}
|draft=
|propulsion=*4 × {{convert|2400|hp|abbr=on}} diesel-electric motors
*1 × Siemens {{convert|4600|hp|abbr=on}} motor
*4 × {{convert|1.8|MW|abbr=on}} Siemens alternators
*1 shaft
|speed=*Surfaced {{convert|11|kn|km/h}}
*Submerged {{convert|22|kn|km/h}}
|range= Snorting {{convert|8000|nmi|km}} at {{convert|8|kn|km/h|abbr=on}}
|endurance=
|test_depth= Test depth {{convert|260|m|ft|abbr=on}}
|complement= 40 (incl 8 officers)
|sensors=
|EW=
|armament=*14 × [[SUT torpedo|AEG-SUT Mod 1]] wire-guided active/passive torpedoes
*24 × external strap-on [[Naval mine|mines]]
|notes=
}}
}}
'''INS ''Shalki'' (S46)''' ({{Lit|[[Common dolphin|Dolphin]]}}) is a {{sclass|Shishumar|submarine|0}} diesel-electric [[submarine]] of the [[Indian Navy]].<ref name=in-shishumar>{{cite web|url=http://indiannavy.nic.in/sub_shishumar.htm |title=Submarines of Indian Navy |access-date=6 August 2009 |url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090619071908/http://indiannavy.nic.in/sub_shishumar.htm |archive-date=19 June 2009 }}</ref> The submarine was the first ever submarine to be built in India.<ref name=":0" />

== Service history ==
On 2 August 2024, ''INS Shalki'' arrived at the [[Port of Colombo]], situated in [[Colombo]], [[Sri Lanka]], as part of a formal visit. Following the completion of the official engagement, the submarine is scheduled to depart from the island country on 4 August 2024. This is the third submarine to visit Sri Lanka after the visit of [[INS Vagir (S25)|INS Vagir]] and [[INS Karanj (S23)|INS Karanj]] in June 2023 and February 2024, respectively.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://news.navy.lk/eventnews/2024/08/02/202408021145/|title=Indian Naval Submarine Shalki arrives in Colombo|publisher=[[Sri Lanka Navy]]|last=|first=|date= 2 August 2024|accessdate=2 August 2024|archive-date=2 August 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240802100806/https://news.navy.lk/eventnews/2024/08/02/202408021145/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2024-08-03 |title=VISIT OF INS SHALKI TO COLOMBO |url=https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2041161 |access-date=2024-08-03 |website=Press Information Bureau}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Submarines of the Indian Navy}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Shalki (S46)}}
[[Category:Shishumar-class submarines]]
[[Category:Attack submarines]]
[[Category:Ships built in India]]
[[Category:1989 ships]]
[[Category:Submarines of India]]

{{submarine-stub}}
{{India-mil-stub}}

Shalley Chaudhary

2026-05-03T10:03:12Z

WilfredBirmingha: New First Article Initial Version

{{Short description|Indian politician (born 1981)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2025}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Shalley Chaudhary
| party = [[Indian National Congress]]
| office = Member of the [[Haryana Legislative Assembly]]
| term_start = 2019
| predecessor = [[Nayab Singh Saini]]
| constituency = [[Naraingarh Assembly constituency|Naraingarh]]
}}
'''Shalley Chaudhary''' (born 1981) is an Indian politician from [[Haryana]]. She is a two term MLA from [[Naraingarh Assembly constituency]] in [[Ambala district]]. She won the 2019 and 2024 election representing the [[Indian National Congress]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-10-24 |title=Naraingarh Election Results 2019 Live Updates (नारायणगढ़, Narayangarh): Shalley of Congress Wins |url=https://www.news18.com/news/politics/naraingarh-election-results-2019-live-updates-narayangarh-winner-loser-leading-trailing-2356353.html |access-date=2024-09-09 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref>

== Early life and education ==
Chaudhary is from [[Naraingarh]], Ambala district, Haryana. She married Ram Kishan, a former two time MLA from Naraingarh.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Naraingarh Assembly Election Results 2020 Live Updates, Naraingarh Assembly Election Latest News & Updates |url=https://news.abplive.com/haryana-election/naraingarh-assembly-election-result-2019-3.html |access-date=2024-09-09 |website=news.abplive.com |language=en}}</ref> She studied only till Class 8.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Shalley(Indian National Congress(INC)):Constituency- NARAINGARH(AMBALA) - Affidavit Information of Candidate |url=http://www.myneta.info/haryana2019/candidate.php?candidate_id=7734 |access-date=2024-09-09 |website=www.myneta.info}}</ref>

== Career ==
Chaudhary won from Naraingarh Assembly constituency representing the Indian National Congress in the 2019 Haryana Legislative Assembly election. She polled 53,470 votes and defeated her nearest rival, Surender Singh of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]], by a margin of 20,600 votes. She was re-elected in [[2024 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]], defeating her nearest rival [[Pawan Saini]] of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] by a margin of 15,094 votes.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Naraingarh Constituency Election Results 2019: Naraingarh Assembly Seat Details, MLA Candidates & Winner |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/assembly-elections/haryana/constituency-show/naraingarh |access-date=2024-09-09 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-10-23 |title=Naraingarh (Haryana) Assembly Election Results 2019 Live: Winner, Runner-up |url=https://indianexpress.com/elections/naraingarh-haryana-assembly-election-chunav-results-2019-live-winner-name-runner-up-6073623/ |access-date=2024-09-09 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Haryana Election Results 2024: Full list of constituency wise winners">{{cite news |title=Haryana Election Results 2024: Full list of constituency wise winners |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/assembly/story/haryana-election-results-2024-full-list-of-constituency-wise-winners-2613310-2024-10-08 |access-date=24 October 2024 |date=8 October 2024 |language=en}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Shalley, Chaudhary}}
[[Category:1981 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Haryana MLAs 2019–2024]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Haryana]]
[[Category:Haryana MLAs 2024–2029]]

Bharath Subramaniyam

2026-05-03T04:23:34Z

WilfredBirmingha:

{{short description|Indian chess grandmaster (born 2007)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2020}}
{{Infobox chess player
|name = Bharath Subramaniyam
|image = Bharathchesser (cropped).jpg
|caption = Bharath at a chess tournament
|country = [[India]]
|birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|2007|10|17}}
|birth_place = [[Chennai]], India
|title = [[Grandmaster (chess)|Grandmaster]] (2022)
|peakrating = 2599 (May 2026)
|FideID = 46634827
}}

'''Bharath Subramaniyam''' (born 17 October 2007) is an Indian [[chess]] [[Grandmaster (chess)|grandmaster]] (GM).

==Chess career==
Bharath learned chess at the age of five from his father, Harishankkar. Starting in 2014, he attended the Chess Gurukul school in Chennai, having GM [[Ramachandran Ramesh]] as his main teacher. In January 2020, Bharath was selected for a special training camp sponsored by Microsense Networks and conducted by former world champion GM [[Vladimir Kramnik]] and former world chess challenger GM [[Boris Gelfand]].

He completed his 3rd IM norm in June 2019 at the age of 11 years and 8 months.<ref>[https://www.chessbase.in/news/Bharath-Subramaniyam-becomes-an-IM-at-the-age-of-11-years-and-8-months Bharath Subramaniyam - IM at the age of 11 years and 8 months] on ''chessbase.india''</ref> The title was officially ratified by [[FIDE]] in September of the same year.<ref>[http://ratings.fide.com/title_applications.phtml?details=1&id=46634827&title=IM&pb=57 3rd quarter PB 2019, 7-8 September, Budapest, HUN] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240310165252/http://ratings.fide.com/title_applications.phtml?details=1&id=46634827&title=IM&pb=57 |date=10 March 2024 }}, on ''ratings.fide.com''</ref>

In January 2022, Bharath earned his third and final GM norm to become India's 73rd grandmaster at the age of 14 by scoring 7.5/9 at the Vergani Cup Open in Cattolica, Italy, and raising his live rating above 2500.<ref>{{citation|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/sports/others/bharath-subramaniyam-becomes-india-s-73rd-chess-gm-101641782965910.html|title=Bharath Subramaniyam becomes India's 73rd chess GM|publisher=[[Hindustan Times]]|date=10 January 2022|access-date=10 January 2022}}</ref><ref>{{citation|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/chess/viswanathan-anand-lauds-bharath-subramaniyam-as-teenager-becomes-indias-73rd-grandmaster/articleshow/88802115.cms|title=Viswanathan Anand lauds Bharath Subramaniyam as teenager becomes India's 73rd Grandmaster|work=[[The Times of India]]|date=10 January 2022|access-date=10 January 2022}}</ref>

==Main results==
* 2015 – in August he wins at [[Suwon]] (Korea) the Asian Youth Championship in the Under-8 section.<ref>[https://chess-results.com/tnr182643.aspx?lan=16&art=4&turdet=YES&flag=30 Asian Youth Chess Championship-2015 (Under-8)] on ''chess-results.com''</ref> In November he wins the [[World Youth Chess Championship|World Youth Championship Under-8]] at [[Porto Carras]] in Greece with 9,5/ 11;<ref>[https://chess-results.com/tnr187418.aspx?lan=16&art=4&turdet=YES&flag=30 World Youth Ch 2015 - Open under 08] on ''chess-results.com''</ref>
* 2017 – in August he places 4th in the World Youth Championship Under-10 at [[Poços de Caldas]] in Brazil.<ref>
[https://chess-results.com/tnr295098.aspx?lan=16&art=4&turdet=YES&flag=30 World Cadets Chess Championship 2017 U10] on ''chess-results.com''</ref>
* 2019 – in January he places 4th in the [[blitz chess|blitz]] section of the [[Roquetas de Mar]] Chess Festival.
* 2019 - In June he achieves his final IM norm in Goa open and becomes International master.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.chessbase.in/news/Bharath-Subramaniyam-becomes-an-IM-at-the-age-of-11-years-and-8-months|title = Bharath Subramaniyam - IM at the age of 11 years and 8 months - ChessBase India|date = 13 July 2019}}</ref>
* 2020 – in February he places 11th at the [[Aeroflot Open]] in Moscow with 5,5/ 9, ahead of 54 [[Chess Grandmaster|Grandmasters]]<ref>He won with four Grandmasters: [[Gabriel Sargissian]], [[Maksim Chigaev]], [[Zhou Jianchao]] and [[Mikhail Antipov]].</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/chess/aeroflot-open-bharath-subramaniyam-posts-creditable-win-sp-sethuraman-held-to-draw/articleshow/74254065.cms |title=Bharath Subramaniyam posts win over GM Gabriel Sargissian (Elo 2689)|publisher= [[Times of India]]|date= 20 February 2020|access-date= 15 August 2020}}</ref> and getting his first GM norm with a rating performance greater than 2700.<ref>[https://chess-results.com/tnr508930.aspx?lan=16&art=4 Final Standings of Aeroflot Open-A, 2020] on ''chess-results.com''</ref>
* 2021 – in October he is placed 4th (tied for 3rd) at the Junior Roundtable Under 21 tournament in Bulgaria with 6.5/9. He made his 2nd GM norm.<ref>[http://chess-results.com/tnr571844.aspx?lan=1&art=1&rd=9&flag=30 Final standings in Junior Under 21, Bulgaria] on ''chess-results.com''</ref>
* 2024 - in Feb won the Cannes chess open held in France.
* 2025 – in July he won the 53rd [[World Open chess tournament]] held at Philadelphia and won the first prize of $20500 becoming the youngest ever to win the tournament at 17 years.
* 2025 - In December he won the VIth Elllobregat open chess tournament held in Spain and won the first prize of 5000 Euros with a rating performance of ELO 2685. <ref>[https://s3.chess-results.com/tnr1149162.aspx?lan=1&art=1&rd=10&turdet=YES&flag=30&SNode=S0 Final standings in Group A Ellobregat open, Spain] on ''chess-results.com''</ref>
* 2025 - In December he tied for the 1st place in Wroclaw chess festival in Poland. <ref> [https://s2.chess-results.com/tnr1255357.aspx?lan=1&art=4&turdet=YES&flag=30&SNode=S0 Final standings in Open A Wroclaw chess festival, Poland] on ''chess-results.com''</ref>
* 2026 - In April he was the joint winner in the Atlantic City Chess open in USA with a rating performance of 2660. <ref> [https://chessevents.com/event/atlanticcity/2026/standings/open Final standings in Atlantic city chess open 2026] on ''chessevents.com'' </ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{fide|id=46634827}}
* {{chessgames player|160614}}
* [https://www.365chess.com/players/Subramaniyam_H_Bharath Bharath Subramaniyam] chess games at 365Chess.com
* [https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/chennai/2024/Mar/02/young-chess-star-sizzles-at-cannes Bharath wins Cannes Chess open 2024]
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nKrJBkbX-iM&t=0s Bharath Subramaniyam stuns GM Zhou Jianchao at Aeroflot Open 2020] ([[YouTube]])
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VEeoG-c3PXE This 12-year-old IM will floor you with his clarity of thinking and erudition] ([[YouTube]])
{{Indian grandmasters}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Subramaniyam, Bharath}}
[[Category:Chess Grandmasters]]
[[Category:Sportspeople from Chennai]]
[[Category:Tamil sportspeople]]
[[Category:2007 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian chess players]]
[[Category:Saint Louis University alumni]]

1992–93 Ranji Trophy

2026-05-01T11:27:42Z

WilfredBirmingha: stub - done

{{Use British English|date=December 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2026}}
{{Infobox cricket tournament
| name = 1992-93 Ranji Trophy
| image = Ranji_trophy.jpg
| imagesize = 294px
| fromdate =
| todate =
| caption = The Ranji Trophy, which the winners get.
| administrator = [[Board of Control for Cricket in India|BCCI]]
| cricket format = [[First-class cricket]]
| tournament format = League and [[Single-elimination tournament|knockout]]
| host =
| champions = [[Punjab cricket team (India)|Punjab]]
| count = 1
| participants = 26
| matches =
| attendance =
| player of the series =
| most runs = [[Santosh Jedhe]] (Maharashtra) (867)<ref>{{cite web|title=Ranji Trophy, 1992/93 / Records / Most runs |url-access=subscription |url=https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Events/1/Ranji_Trophy_1992-93/Batting_by_Runs.html|access-date=20 December 2014}}</ref>
| most wickets = [[Bharati Vij]] (Punjab) (49)<ref>{{cite web|title=Ranji Trophy, 1992/93 / Records / Most wickets |url-access=subscription |url=https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Events/1/Ranji_Trophy_1992-93/Bowling_by_Wickets.html|access-date=20 December 2014}}</ref>
| website =
| previous_year = 1991–92
| previous_tournament = 1991–92 Ranji Trophy
| next_year = 1993–94
| next_tournament = 1993–94 Ranji Trophy
}}

The '''1992–93 Ranji Trophy''' was the 59th season of the [[Ranji Trophy]]. Punjab won their first title defeating Maharashtra.

==Highlights==
*[[Santosh Jedhe]] scored 867 runs and took 37 wickets in the season

==Group stage==
{{col-begin}}
{{col-3}}

===Central Zone===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! style="width:160px"|Team
! style="width:25px"|{{abbr|Pld|Played}}
! style="width:25px"|{{abbr|W|Won}}
! style="width:25px"|{{abbr|L|Lost}}
! style="width:25px"|{{abbr|D|Draw}}
! style="width:25px"|{{abbr|T|Tied}}
! style="width:25px"|{{abbr|NR|No Result}}
! style="width:25px"|{{abbr|Pts|Points}}
! style="width:25px;"|{{Abbr|RR|Run Rate}}
|- style="background:#cfc;"
|style="text-align:left"|[[Madhya Pradesh cricket team|Madhya Pradesh]]
| 4 || 2 || 0 || 2 || 0 || 0 || '''76''' || 3.630
|- style="background:#cfc;"
|style="text-align:left"|[[Uttar Pradesh cricket team|Uttar Pradesh]]
| 4 || 2 || 1 || 1 || 0 || 0 || '''64''' || 3.601
|- style="background:#cfc;"
|style="text-align:left"|[[Railways cricket team|Railways]]
| 4 || 1 || 2 || 1 || 0 || 0 || '''56''' || 3.932
|-
|style="text-align:left"|[[Vidarbha cricket team|Vidarbha]]
| 4 || 2 || 0 || 2 || 0 || 0 || '''54''' || 3.142
|-
|style="text-align:left"|[[Rajasthan cricket team|Rajasthan]]
| 4 || 0 || 4 || 0 || 0 || 0 || '''25''' || 2.216
|}

===North Zone===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! style="width:160px"|Team
! style="width:25px"|{{abbr|Pld|Played}}
! style="width:25px"|{{abbr|W|Won}}
! style="width:25px"|{{abbr|L|Lost}}
! style="width:25px"|{{abbr|D|Draw}}
! style="width:25px"|{{abbr|T|Tied}}
! style="width:25px"|{{abbr|NR|No Result}}
! style="width:25px"|{{abbr|Pts|Points}}
! style="width:25px;"|{{Abbr|RR|Run Rate}}
|- style="background:#cfc;"
|style="text-align:left"|[[Delhi cricket team|Delhi]]
| 4 || 2 || 0 || 2 || 0 || 0 || '''70''' || 2.930
|- style="background:#cfc;"
|style="text-align:left"|[[Punjab cricket team (India)|Punjab]]
| 4 || 2 || 0 || 2 || 0 || 0 || '''68''' || 3.189
|- style="background:#cfc;"
|style="text-align:left"|[[Haryana cricket team|Haryana]]
| 4 || 2 || 0 || 2 || 0 || 0 || '''63''' || 2.928
|-
|style="text-align:left"|[[Himachal Pradesh cricket team|Himachal Pradesh]]
| 4 || 0 || 3 || 1 || 0 || 0 || '''21''' || 2.663
|-
|style="text-align:left"|[[Services cricket team|Services]]
| 4 || 0 || 3 || 1 || 0 || 0 || '''16''' || 2.915
|}

===South Zone===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! style="width:160px"|Team
! style="width:25px"|{{abbr|Pld|Played}}
! style="width:25px"|{{abbr|W|Won}}
! style="width:25px"|{{abbr|L|Lost}}
! style="width:25px"|{{abbr|D|Draw}}
! style="width:25px"|{{abbr|T|Tied}}
! style="width:25px"|{{abbr|NR|No Result}}
! style="width:25px"|{{abbr|Pts|Points}}
! style="width:25px;"|{{Abbr|RR|Run Rate}}
|- style="background:#cfc;"
|style="text-align:left"|[[Tamil Nadu cricket team|Tamil Nadu]]
| 5 || 3 || 0 || 2 || 0 || 0 || '''84''' || 3.331
|- style="background:#cfc;"
|style="text-align:left"|[[Hyderabad cricket team|Hyderabad]]
| 5 || 2 || 0 || 3 || 0 || 0 || '''80''' || 3.245
|- style="background:#cfc;"
|style="text-align:left"|[[Karnataka cricket team|Karnataka]]
| 5 || 2 || 1 || 2 || 0 || 0 || '''79''' || 3.047
|-
|style="text-align:left"|[[Andhra cricket team|Andhra]]
| 5 || 1 || 1 || 3 || 0 || 0 || '''40''' || 2.833
|-
|style="text-align:left"|[[Kerala cricket team|Kerala]]
| 5 || 1 || 2 || 2 || 0 || 0 || '''39''' || 3.107
|-
|style="text-align:left"|[[Goa cricket team|Goa]]
| 5 || 0 || 5 || 0 || 0 || 0 || '''21''' || 2.431
|}
{{col-2}}

===West Zone===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! style="width:160px"|Team
! style="width:25px"|{{abbr|Pld|Played}}
! style="width:25px"|{{abbr|W|Won}}
! style="width:25px"|{{abbr|L|Lost}}
! style="width:25px"|{{abbr|D|Draw}}
! style="width:25px"|{{abbr|T|Tied}}
! style="width:25px"|{{abbr|NR|No Result}}
! style="width:25px"|{{abbr|Pts|Points}}
! style="width:25px;"|{{Abbr|RR|Run Rate}}
|- style="background:#cfc;"
|style="text-align:left"|[[Bombay cricket team|Bombay]]
| 4 || 1 || 0 || 3 || 0 || 0 || '''68''' || 3.783
|- style="background:#cfc;"
|style="text-align:left"|[[Maharashtra cricket team|Maharashtra]]
| 4 || 2 || 0 || 2 || 0 || 0 || '''63''' || 3.569
|- style="background:#cfc;"
|style="text-align:left"|[[Baroda cricket team|Baroda]]
| 4 || 1 || 1 || 2 || 0 || 0 || '''45''' || 3.327
|-
|style="text-align:left"|[[Saurashtra cricket team|Saurashtra]]
| 4 || 0 || 0 || 4 || 0 || 0 || '''32''' || 2.762
|-
|style="text-align:left"|[[Gujarat cricket team|Gujarat]]
| 4 || 0 || 3 || 1 || 0 || 0 || '''27''' || 2.577
|}

===East Zone===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! style="width:160px"|Team
! style="width:25px"|{{abbr|Pld|Played}}
! style="width:25px"|{{abbr|W|Won}}
! style="width:25px"|{{abbr|L|Lost}}
! style="width:25px"|{{abbr|D|Draw}}
! style="width:25px"|{{abbr|T|Tied}}
! style="width:25px"|{{abbr|NR|No Result}}
! style="width:25px"|{{abbr|Pts|Points}}
! style="width:25px;"|{{Abbr|RR|Run Rate}}
|- style="background:#cfc;"
|style="text-align:left"|[[Bengal cricket team|Bengal]]
| 4 || 4 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || '''91''' || 3.805
|- style="background:#cfc;"
|style="text-align:left"|[[Assam cricket team|Assam]]
| 4 || 1 || 1 || 2 || 0 || 0 || '''54''' || 3.031
|- style="background:#cfc;"
|style="text-align:left"|[[Bihar cricket team|Bihar]]
| 4 || 1 || 1 || 2 || 0 || 0 || '''50''' || 2.744
|-
|style="text-align:left"|[[Orissa cricket team|Orissa]]
| 4 || 1 || 1 || 2 || 0 || 0 || '''40''' || 2.940
|-
|style="text-align:left"|[[Tripura cricket team|Tripura]]
| 4 || 0 || 4 || 0 || 0 || 0 || '''13''' || 2.354
|}
{{col-end}}

== Knockout stage ==
{{Round16

| seed-width = 25px
| team-width = 150px
| score-width = 100px

|5 Feb 1993 — Ludhiana|'''[[Punjab cricket team (India)|Punjab]]'''|'''196 & 318/4'''|[[Bengal cricket team|Bengal]]|209 & 327
|5 Feb 1993 — Secunderabad|'''[[Hyderabad cricket team|Hyderabad]]'''|'''416 & 320'''|[[Baroda cricket team|Baroda]]|431/9d & 254
|5 Feb 1993 — Bangalore|[[Karnataka cricket team|Karnataka]]|342 & 232|'''[[Madhya Pradesh cricket team|Madhya Pradesh]]'''|'''406 & 173'''
|||||
|5 Feb 1993 — Pune|'''[[Maharashtra cricket team|Maharashtra]] (F)'''|'''405 & 393/1d'''|[[Railways cricket team|Railways]]|399 & 124/2
|5 Feb 1993 — Madras|'''[[Tamil Nadu cricket team|Tamil Nadu]]'''|'''547'''|[[Assam cricket team|Assam]]|251 & 224
|5 Feb 1993 — Ghaziabad|'''[[Uttar Pradesh cricket team|Uttar Pradesh]] (F)'''|'''454 & 263'''|[[Haryana cricket team|Haryana]]|283 & 505/6d
|5 Feb 1993 — Bombay|'''[[Bombay cricket team|Bombay]]'''|'''458'''|[[Bihar cricket team|Bihar]]|182 & 325

|19 Feb 1993 — Ludhiana|'''[[Punjab cricket team (India)|Punjab]]'''|'''198 & 65/1'''|[[Hyderabad cricket team|Hyderabad]]|82 & 180
|19 Feb 1993 — Bhopal|'''[[Madhya Pradesh cricket team|Madhya Pradesh]] (F)'''|'''347 & 263/4'''|[[Delhi cricket team|Delhi]]|330
|19 Feb 1993 — [[Bhusawal]]|'''[[Maharashtra cricket team|Maharashtra]]'''|'''384 & 102/0'''|[[Tamil Nadu cricket team|Tamil Nadu]]|267 & 215
|19 Feb 1993 — Kanpur|[[Uttar Pradesh cricket team|Uttar Pradesh]] '''(T)'''|33/0|[[Bombay cricket team|Bombay]]|133/2d

|12 Mar 1993 — Ludhiana|'''[[Punjab cricket team (India)|Punjab]]'''|'''217 & 216'''|[[Madhya Pradesh cricket team|Madhya Pradesh]]|154 & 199
|12 Mar 1993 — Pune|'''[[Maharashtra cricket team|Maharashtra]]'''|'''378 & 317'''|[[Uttar Pradesh cricket team|Uttar Pradesh]]|314 & 282

|27 Mar 1993 — Ludhiana|'''[[Punjab cricket team (India)|Punjab]]'''|'''318 & 146'''|[[Maharashtra cricket team|Maharashtra]]|212 & 132

|skipmatch01=no|skipmatch02=no|skipmatch03=no|skipmatch04=yes|skipmatch05=no|skipmatch06=no|skipmatch07=no|skipmatch08=no
|RD1 = Pre-Quarter-finals|RD2 = Quarter-finals|RD3 = Semi-finals|RD4 = Finals
|3rdplace=no}}

'''(F)''' - Advanced to next round on First Innings Lead 
'''(T)''' - Advanced to next round on Spin of Coin

===Final===
{{Test match
| date = 27–30 March 1993
| team1 = [[Punjab cricket team (India)|Punjab]] (H)
| team2 = [[Maharashtra cricket team|Maharashtra]]
| score-team1-inns1 = '''318 (119.4 overs)'''
| runs-team1-inns1 = [[Amit Sharma (cricketer)|Amit Sharma]] 161
| wickets-team1-inns1 = [[Santosh Jedhe]] 4/111
| score-team2-inns1 = '''212 (75.2 overs)'''
| runs-team2-inns1 = [[Santosh Jedhe]] 42
| wickets-team2-inns1 = [[Bharati Vij]] 6/61
| score-team1-inns2 = '''146 (70.4 overs)'''
| runs-team1-inns2 = [[Gursharan Singh]] 44
| wickets-team1-inns2 = [[Shrikant Jadhav]] 5/55
| score-team2-inns2 = '''132 (52.4 overs)'''
| runs-team2-inns2 = [[Santosh Jedhe]] 25
| wickets-team2-inns2 = [[Bharati Vij]] 3/33
| result = Punjab won by 120 runs
| venue = [[Punjab Agricultural University Stadium]], [[Ludhiana]]
| umpires = [[A. L. Narasimhan]], [[Subroto Porel]]
| motm =
| report = [https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Scorecards/57/57097.html Scorecard]
| toss = Punjab won the toss and decided to bat
| rain =
| notes =
}}

==Scorecards and averages==
*[https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Events/1/Ranji_Trophy_1992-93.html CricketArchive]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Ranji Trophy Seasons}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:1992-93 Ranji Trophy}}
[[Category:1992 in Indian cricket]]
[[Category:1993 in Indian cricket]]
[[Category:Domestic cricket competitions in 1992–93]]
[[Category:Ranji Trophy seasons]]

{{Indian-domestic-cricket-competition-stub}}

Ee Parakkum Thalika

2026-04-28T09:44:29Z

WilfredBirmingha: adding bio

{{short description|2001 film directed by Thaha}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Ee Parakkum Thalika
| image = Ee Parakkum Thalika.jpg
| caption = Poster
| director = [[Thaha]]
| producer = M. M. Hamsa
| screenplay = [[V. R. Gopalakrishnan|VR Gopalakrishnan]]<ref name="VR">{{cite news|url=http://www.screenindia.com/old/20020301/rmala2.html|title=VR Gopalakrishnan's film|year=2001|newspaper=[[Indian Express|Indian Express Newspapers (Mumbai) Ltd.]]|access-date=2009-07-09}}{{dead link|date=November 2024|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref>
| story = Govind Padman Mahesh Mithra
| starring = [[Dileep (actor)|Dileep]] [[Harisree Ashokan]] [[Nithya Das]] [[Cochin Haneefa]] [[Salim Kumar]]
| music = [[Ouseppachan]]
| cinematography = [[Saloo George]]
| editing = [[Ranjan Abraham]]
| studio = [[Kalasangham Films]]
| released = {{Film date|2001|07|04|df=y}}
| runtime = 142 minutes
| country = India
| language = [[Malayalam]]
| budget =
| gross =
}}
'''''Ee Parakkum Thalika''''' ({{translation|This Flying Saucer}}) is a 2001 Indian [[Malayalam]]-language [[Slapstick film|slapstick]] [[comedy drama]] film directed by [[Thaha]] and starring [[Dileep (actor)|Dileep]],<ref name="superstar">{{cite web|url=http://www.hindu.com/fr/2005/07/15/stories/2005071502590100.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121105025222/http://www.hindu.com/fr/2005/07/15/stories/2005071502590100.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=5 November 2012|title=Rise of a superstar |date=15 July 2005|work=[[The Hindu]]|access-date=2009-07-09}}</ref> [[Harisree Ashokan]], [[Nithya Das]], and [[Cochin Haneefa]]. It was written by [[V. R. Gopalakrishnan]].<ref>{{cite web|date=27 August 2001|title=Thaha to direct Suresh Gopi|url=http://in.movies.yahoo.com/news-detail/32367/Thaha-direct-Suresh-Gopi.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100609202105/http://in.movies.yahoo.com/news-detail/32367/Thaha-direct-Suresh-Gopi.html|archive-date=9 June 2010|access-date=2009-07-09|publisher=[[Yahoo!]] Movies India|df=dmy}}</ref> The film also marked the debut of Nithya Das.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.my-kerala.com/n/a/arc4-2002.shtml |title=Nitya Das |date=7 May 2002 |publisher=my-kerala.com |access-date=2009-07-09 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050830085534/http://www.my-kerala.com/n/a/arc4-2002.shtml |archive-date=30 August 2005 |df=dmy }}</ref> The story follows bus owner Unnikrishnan and his assistant, Sundareshan, who live and sleep in their bus. It is considered one of the best slapstick comedy movies in [[Malayalam cinema]] and was one of the highest-grossing Malayalam movie of the year 2001.<ref>{{Cite web|last=മേനോൻ|first=ശ്രീലക്ഷ്മി|title=ജൂലെെ നാല്: മെഗാ ഹിറ്റായ നാല് ചിത്രങ്ങളും കൂട്ടുകെട്ടും, ഹരിശ്രീ അശോകൻ പറയുന്നു|url=https://www.mathrubhumi.com/movies-music/interview/harisree-ashokan-about-meesamadhavan-parakkum-thalika-cid-moosa-pandippada-and-dileep-1.4880574|url-status=live|access-date=2021-06-12|website=Mathrubhumi|date=4 July 2020 |language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200705033453/https://www.mathrubhumi.com/movies-music/interview/harisree-ashokan-about-meesamadhavan-parakkum-thalika-cid-moosa-pandippada-and-dileep-1.4880574 |archive-date=5 July 2020 }}</ref> The bus known as ''Thamarakshan Pilla,'' which is a central figure in the movie, eventually developed into a [[cult]] figure in [[Kerala]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Parakkum Thalika was a hit; But Thamarakshan Pillai is now a pain|url=https://www.manoramaonline.com/style/columns/tuesday-movie/2018/12/11/Tamarakshan-pilla-bus-in-movie-e-parakkum-thalika.html|url-status=live|access-date=2021-06-12|website=ManoramaOnline|language=ml|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181211075337/https://www.manoramaonline.com/style/columns/tuesday-movie/2018/12/11/Tamarakshan-pilla-bus-in-movie-e-parakkum-thalika.html |archive-date=11 December 2018 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=താമരാക്ഷന് പിള്ള ബസ്റന്റയെ വില എത്രയാണെന്ന് അറിയാമോ? വെളിപ്പെടുത്തി ക്യാമറമാന് സാലു ജോര്‍ജ്{{!}}ee parakum thalika{{!}}Saloo George{{!}}thamarakshan pillai bus|url=https://www.eastcoastdaily.com/movie/2019/10/26/cameraman-talks-about-thamarakshan-pillai-bus-from-ee-parakum-thalika/|access-date=2021-06-12|website=East Coast Movies & Entertainments News|date=26 October 2019 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/filmyfriday-ee-parakkum-thalika-fasten-your-seatbelts-and-get-ready-for-the-crazy-ride/articleshow/90434017.cms | title=#FilmyFriday! Ee Parakkum Thalika: Fasten your seatbelts, and get ready for the crazy ride |first1=Silpa |last1=Rajan |date=Mar 25, 2022 | website=[[The Times of India]] }}</ref>

==Plot==
Unnikrishnan (Dileep) owns and drives an old bus,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.seventymm.com/Movie/Ee_Parakkum_Thalika/17036/Profile |title=Ee Parakkum Thalika — Movie Profile |publisher=seventymm.com |access-date=2009-07-09 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716043601/http://www.seventymm.com/Movie/Ee_Parakkum_Thalika/17036/Profile |archive-date=16 July 2011 |df=dmy }}</ref> received as compensation for his father Thamarakshan Pillai's road accident, which killed Pillai, who was a [[chenda]] master. Unni faces consequences due to the pathetic condition of the bus, named after his father. He sells several valuable things to maintain the bus. His friend and distant relative, Sundareshan (Harishree Ashokan), is his only companion and the bus's cleaner. A mouse has eaten Sundareshan's passport and spoiled his chances of going abroad causing him further distress. Some part of the film's comedy involves Sundareshan running behind the mouse for revenge. A live TV show in which Unni badmouths [[Inspector|Circle Inspector]] Veerappan Kurup (Cochin Haneefa) lands him in more trouble when the former commands Unni to leave the city with the bus. Sreedhara Kaimal (Oduvil Unnikrishnan), a banker and well-wisher, tries to help Unni with a bank loan to run a mobile kitchen (''Thattukada'') from his bus.

The plot takes a turn when a girl named Basanthi (Nithya Das) enters the bus as a [[nomad]]. She is actually Gayathri, the daughter of an influential and politically powerful minister R. K. Santhanam in Puducherry. Santhanam forces Gayathri to join politics, which made her leave home. Initially, Gayathri refuses to leave the bus, despite Unni's and Sundareshan's constant efforts. The police trace her and take her back to Santhanam's custody. Santhanam is making arrangements for her marriage to someone else. Meanwhile, Unni realizes that he cannot live without Gayathri. He and Sundareshan secretly enter her house. When Unni and his friends plan to take Gayathri, Santhanam finds them inside the [[almirah]]. Santhanam's men start beating up Unni despite Gayathri's pleas to stop. A terribly wounded Unni fights back and refuses to let go of Gayathri and Santhanam realises their true love, letting his daughter go with Unni on his bus.

==Cast==
{{cast listing|
* [[Dileep (actor)|Dileep]] as Unnikrishnan T, and [[Irinjalakuda]] Thamarakshan Pillai, Unni's deceased father (photo)
* [[Harisree Ashokan]] as Sundareshan M. K. (Sundaran)
* [[Nithya Das]] as Gayathri Devi / Basanthi
** [[Sanusha]] as young Gayathri
* [[Cochin Haneefa]] as [[Circle Inspector|CI]] Veerappan Kurup, and Father of [[Circle Inspector|CI]] Veerappan Kurup (photo)
* [[Salim Kumar]] as Koshi
* [[Oduvil Unnikrishnan]] as Sreedhara Kaimal, Bank manager
* [[Babu Namboothiri]] as Krishna Pillai
* [[Machan Varghese]] as Moosa
* [[P. Vasu]] as Minister R. K. Santhanam
* [[Sabitha Anand]] as Lakshmi
* [[Bala Singh]] as Minister Muthuraman
* [[Kunchan (actor)|Kunchan]] as Avaran Aryakal
* [[Johny Antony]] as Kabuliwalla at police station
* [[Kalabhavan Haneef]] as wedding groom
* [[Geetha Salam]] as the wedding groom's father
* [[Narayanankutty]] as Police officer
* [[Kalabhavan Shajon]] as Traffic police officer
* [[Praseetha Menon]] as TV reporter
* [[Anwar Rasheed]] as Man drinking at Santhanam's house (cameo appearance)
}}

==Reception==
''Ee Parakkum Thalika'' was a major commercial success.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.onmanorama.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/2020/07/04/dileep-july-4-connection-fans-golden-day-of-dileep-on-twitter.html|title=Dileep and July 4 connection: Fans trend #GoldenDayOfDileep on Twitter|work=[[Malayala Manorama]]|date=4 July 2020}}</ref> The film was one of the few films of the year that could retrieve its cost of investment and make a profit.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://m.sify.com/movies/kerala-house-udan-vilpanakku-review-malayalam-pclv0fcifafgh.html|title=Kerala House Udan Vilpanakku|website=[[Sify]]|date=12 February 2004}}</ref> It is considered one of Dileep's first solo hits.<ref name="superstar" /> The success of the film further enhanced Dileep's stardom and established him as a [[bankable star]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite magazine |last=R. Nair |first=Unni |date=2002-01-04 |title=Let down |url=http://www.screenindia.com/20020104/rmala.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071229023821/http://www.screenindia.com/20020104/rmala.html |archive-date=2007-12-29 |magazine=[[Screen India]]}}</ref> In a year-end trade analysis by ''[[Deepika (newspaper)|Rashtra Deepika]],'' they called ''Ee Parakkum Thalika'' the biggest financial success of the year and termed it a "surprise hit"<ref name=":1">{{Citation |title=പറക്കും തളികയും ഷക്കീല തരംഗവും -Malayalam Cinema 2001 - Year End Magazine Report | date=22 April 2020 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rPFgBGJSwps&t=1027s |access-date=2023-04-20 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="webindia123">{{cite web|title=Dileep (Dileep Gopalakrishnan)|url=http://www.webindia123.com/movie/profiles/south/dileep.htm|access-date=2009-07-09|publisher=webindia123. com|archive-date=2 February 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090202063522/http://webindia123.com/movie/profiles/south/dileep.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> It was the second-longest running Malayalam film of 2001, after the Mohanlal starrer ''[[Ravanaprabhu]]''.<ref name=":1" />

== Soundtrack ==

{{ Track listing

| extra_column = Artist(s)

| all_lyrics = [[Gireesh Puthenchery]]
| all_music = [[Ouseppachan]]<ref name="superstar" />

| title1 = Arumayaam Sandhyayodu
| extra1 = [[M. G. Sreekumar]]

| title2 = Ka Kaattile
| extra2 = [[K. J. Yesudas]], [[K. S. Chithra]]

| title3 = Kudamulla Kammalaninjal
| extra3 = K. J. Yesudas

| title4 = Kudamulla
| note4 = Violin Solo
| extra4 = [[Ouseppachan]]

| title5 = Kuppivala Kaikalum
| extra5 = K. S. Chithra

| title6 = Kuppivala Kaikalum
| extra6 = M. G. Sreekumar

| title7 = Parakkum Thalika
| extra7 = M. G. Sreekumar

| title8 = Pathu Pavanil
| extra8 = M. G. Sreekumar

}}

==Remakes==

The film was remade as ''[[Aaduthu Paaduthu]]'' in Telugu,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sify.com/movies/aaduthu-paaduthu-review-telugu-pcluqvijdcdgd.html|title=Aaduthu Paaduthu|website=Sify|access-date=5 May 2022|archive-date=27 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220127034221/https://www.sify.com/movies/aaduthu-paaduthu-review-telugu-pcluqvijdcdgd.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> as ''[[Dakota Express]]'' in Kannada and as ''[[Sundara Travels]]'' in Tamil.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.chennaionline.com/Moviereviews/tammov208.asp|title=Sundhara Travels|website=Chennai Online|access-date=31 October 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040214155123/http://www.chennaionline.com/Moviereviews/tammov208.asp|archive-date=14 February 2004|first=Malini|last=Mannath}}</ref> Many scenes from the movie inspired parts of the Hindi movie ''[[Chal Chala Chal]]''.

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|0319337|Ee Parakkum Thalika}}

[[Category:2001 films]]
[[Category:2001 romantic comedy-drama films]]
[[Category:2001 Malayalam-language films]]
[[Category:Films shot in Kochi]]
[[Category:Films shot in Ernakulam]]
[[Category:Malayalam films remade in other languages]]
[[Category:Films scored by Ouseppachan]]
[[Category:Indian romantic comedy-drama films]]
[[Category:Films distributed by Kalasangham Films]]

Baharul Islam (actor)

2026-04-21T19:14:40Z

WilfredBirmingha:

{{Other|Baharul Islam (disambiguation)}}{{short description|Indian theatre/film actor & director}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2018}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Baharul Islam
| image = Baharul Islam Actor.jpg
| imagesize =
| alt =
| caption =
| birth_name =
| birth_date = 
| birth_place = [[Goalpara]], Assam, India
| death_date = 
| death_place =
| othername =
| occupation = Actor, theatre artist, director
| yearsactive =
| spouse = Bhagirathi Bai Kadam
| domesticpartner =
| website = {{url|www.baharulislam.com/}}
}}
'''Baharul Islam''' is an Indian theater actor<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Assam Tribune Online |url=http://www.assamtribune.com/scripts/mdetails.asp?id=feb0411/city06 |website=www.assamtribune.com |accessdate=2015-11-02 |url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208095137/http://www.assamtribune.com/scripts/mdetails.asp?id=feb0411%2Fcity06 |archivedate=2015-12-08 |df= }}</ref> and alumnus of the [[National School of Drama]], which he joined in 1987. He has acted in more than 80 plays and has designed and directed 30 plays for his theater troupe Seagull.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Katha Kavya Abhinaya – Baharul Islam, Guwahati – Friday 13 May 2011 |url=http://www.sangeetnatak.gov.in/rabindrapranati2011/bahurul-islam.html |website=www.sangeetnatak.gov.in |accessdate=2015-11-02 |url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151220062540/http://www.sangeetnatak.gov.in/rabindrapranati2011/bahurul-islam.html |archivedate=2015-12-20 |df= }}</ref> He works as a film actor in Assamese and [[Hindi cinema]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Baharul Islam: I feel like a second class citizen because my last name is Islam – The Times of India |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/guwahati/Baharul-Islam-I-feel-like-a-second-class-citizen-because-my-last-name-is-Islam/articleshow/17455654.cms |accessdate=2015-11-02 |website=The Times of India}}</ref>

== Personal life ==
Baharul Islam is married to Bhagirathi Bai Kadam also an alumnus of NSD. They have two daughters.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title = The Telegraph – Calcutta : Northeast|url = http://www.telegraphindia.com/1051107/asp/northeast/story_5444441.asp|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20151208164619/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1051107/asp/northeast/story_5444441.asp|url-status = dead|archive-date = 8 December 2015|website = www.telegraphindia.com|accessdate = 2015-11-03}}</ref>

== Career ==
He started his career with theater in Assam and soon rose into prominence in India and abroad. In 1992–93 joined [[Tara Arts Group|"TARA ART"]] of London as an actor for the production of the play '''''Heer Ranjha'''''.<ref>{{Cite news|title = No middle path|url = http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/no-middle-path/article655222.ece|newspaper = The Hindu|date = 2009-01-12|access-date = 2015-11-03|issn = 0971-751X|language = en}}</ref> The play rehearsed in London and thereafter extensively toured UK and Japan performing many shows.<ref>{{Cite web|title = Know Baharul Islam, Assamse Actor/Director|url = http://www.assamspider.com/resources/3369-Know-Baharul-Islam-Assamse-Actor-Director.aspx|website = AssamSpider.com|accessdate = 2015-11-03}}</ref> Baharul learnt theater music from B V Karanth and Bhaskar Chandervakar respectively.<ref name=":0" /> His first movie was a '''''Aasene Kunuba Hiyat''''' and latest was ''[[Rodor Sithi]]''.<ref>{{Cite news|title = Beyond confines|url = http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/beyond-confines/article6129797.ece|newspaper = The Hindu|date = 2014-06-19|access-date = 2015-11-03|issn = 0971-751X|language = en}}</ref>

He has directed and played in almost 80 Assamese plays and one among them is '''Jatra'''.<ref>{{Cite web|title = A festival of multiple forms|url = http://www.frontline.in/static/html/fl2004/stories/20030228002108200.htm|website = www.frontline.in|accessdate = 2015-11-03}}</ref> Also designed and directed almost 30 plays for SEAGULL- his own theater troupe. He has four years experience in commercial [[Mobile theatre in Assam|mobile theatre]] (''Bhramyaman'') in Assam as an actor. Performed almost 1200 shows with 16 plays.

He also wrote and Published 4 books.

* Akanto Monere
* Simar Sipare
* Beyond the Obvious
* Khiriki Khuliyei

All books have been published by Seagull Theatre Publication wing.

* KISU KATHA KISU NATAK -a collection of his 6 plays and its production processes (2012) has been published by Publication Board of Assam, Govt of Assam.

== Award and recognition ==
He received '''[[List of awards and honours received by Manmohan Singh|Manohar Singh Award]] 2005''' instituted by the [[National School of Drama]] approved by Ministry of Culture, Govt of India for path-breaking work in theater.

* Sanskriti Samman from Eka ebong koekjon publication, Guwahati,
* Natyaprobor Award from Sharadakanta Bordoloi smriti committee, Nowgaon in 2011.
* Bishnu Basu Smriti Samman by Bratyajon theatre, Kolkata in 2012.
* [[Badal Sircar]] Rang Ratan Award 2015 from FACT Rang Mahoul Begusarai, Bihar.
* Harishankar Parsai Rashtriya Rang Samman 2016 by Vibechana Rang Mandal, Jabbalpur, MP
* [[Habib Tanvir]] Ras Rang Samman 2016 from Ras Kala Manch ROHTAK
* Natyaratna Ugra Mena Award 2017 from Ankuran Assam
* Natasurya Phani Sharma National Award 2017 from National Performing Art Association of India.

== Bibliography ==
{{Unrs|date=June 2025}}
He has so far acted in more than fifty plays and designed and directed many plays.

=== Acting ===
'''Before joining National School of Drama in 1987'''
* Panimolar biya directed by Khirod Choudhury
* Opokendrik directed by Karuna Deka
* Ghorapaak by Karuna Deka
* Pragya by Karuna Deka
* Infra Radio scope by Karuna Deka
* Ankur by Amulya Kakati
* Arya by jayanta Kumar Das
* Morubhumi by Karuna Deka
* Mamore dhora toruwal by Dulal Roy
* Holi by Nayan Prasad
* Ulanga Roja by Abdul Majid
* Dhoraloi jidina namibo horog by Pulakesh Chetia
* Geleleo by Bipin das
* A solo Swadhin by Khirod Choudhury
* Patharughat by Debesh Sarma
* Maharaja By Sanjeev Hazarika
* Pagala phatek by Abdul Majid
* Peperar Prem by Subheswar Das

'''During National School of drama (1987–1990)'''
* Paanch choronka vesh by Jaydev Hattangadi
* The Seagull by Ram Gopal Bajaj
* The Untouchable by Cristine Landon Smith
* Sohrab Rustom by D R Ankur
* Father by Prasanna
* Chankya vishnugupta by Satyadev Dube
* Khisiyani Billi by Barry John
* Twelve night by Fritz Bennewitz
* Nal damayanti by B V Karanth
* Comred ka coat by Sanjay Upadhaya
* Nayak khalnayak vidushak Yogesh Pant
* Bhaloo by Naresh Chander Lal
* Miss Julie by Limbajee Bhiwajee
* Terekuttu

'''After NSD (1990 to 2019)'''
* Abhimonnyu (own direction)
* Guwahati Guwahati (own direction)
* Gadha Nritya by Bhagirathi Bai Kadam
* Jatra by (own direction)
* Nibaran bhattacharya (own direction)
* Agnigarh by Anup Hazarika
* Five tons of love (own direction)
* Hansini (own direction)
* Akash by (own direction)
* Swabhav by (own direction)
* Ram Shyam Jadu (own direction)
* Mechbath by Bhagirathi Bai Kadam
* Julius Caesar by Bhagirathi Bai Kadam
* Hattamelar hipare (own direction)
* Parashuram by Parag Sarma
* Court Marshal (own direction)
* Madhyabartini (own direction)
* The Green Serpent (own direction)
* Saraighat (own direction)
* Simar sipare (own direction)
* Uttaradhikar by Bhagirathi Bai Kadam
* Garh by (own direction)
* Miss Julie (own direction)

=== Play design and direction ===

* Ram Shyam Jadu playwright by Badal Sircar & translated by Nayan Prasad
* Ankur playwright by Amulya Kakati
* Urukha playwright by Karuna Deka
* Abhimanyu playwright by Karuna Deka
* Sarishrip playwright by Karuna Deka
* Saraighat playwright by Karuna Deka
* Yayati playwright by [[Girish Karnad]], translated by Naren Hazarika
* Guwahati Guwahati playwright by Mahendra Borthakur
* Holi playwright by Mahesh Elkunchwar
* Patasara playwright by Novel: Naba Kanta Baruah Dramatized by: Karuna Deka
* Anurati Maya (Hindi) playwright by Based on The Seagull, Anton Chekhov
* Who is Afraid of Virginia Wolf (Hindi) playwright by Edward Albee
* Bagia Bancharam (Hindi) playwright by Manoj Mitra
* Seagull (Kannada) playwright by Anton Chekhov
* Kit playwright by Dr. Shyama Prasad Sarma
* Baligharar Alahi playwright by Based on the play ‘ King Lear’ William Shakespeare Translated by Mahendra Borthakur
* Hey Mahanagar playwright by Mahendra Borthakur
* Pabitra Paapi (Oedipus) playwright by Sophocles Translated by Sewabrata Baruah
* Prem playwright by Mahendra Borthakur
* Gundaraj playwright by Champak Sarma
* Tajyaputra playwright by Mahesh Kalita
* Apekshya playwright by Novel: Mamani Raisom Goswami, Dramatized by Baharul Islam
* Jatra playwright by Story Imram Hussain, Dramatized by Baharul Islam
* Kashmeer Kumari playwright by Ganesh Gogoi
* Ujir Mangala (Puntila and his man Matti) playwright by Bertolt Brecth Adapted by Naren Patgiri
* Akash (Assamese/ Hindi) playwright by Dr Bhabendra Nath Saikia, Baharul Islam
* Edal Seujia Saap playwright by Dr. Dhruba Jyoti Bora, Baharul Islam
* Simar Sipare playwright by Baharul Islam
* Hatta Melar Sipare playwright by Badal Sircar, Translated by Nayan Prasad
* Seagull playwright by Anton Chekhov
* Hanseeni playwright by Novel: Naba Kanta Baruah, Dramatized by Karuna Deka
* Five tons of Love playwright by Anton Chekhov
* Patasara playwright by Novel: Naba Kanta Baruah, Dramatized by Karuna Deka
* Garh (The Rhinoceros) playwright by Eugene Ionesco Translated by Karuna Deka
* Sri Nibaran Bhattacharya playwright by Arun Sarma
* Moi Premar Pinjarat Bandi playwright by Bipulananda Choudhury
* Miss Julie playwright by Augustus Strindberg Translated by Baharul Islam
* Agni Aur Barkha playwright by Girish Karnad Translated by Amulya Kumar jointly directed by Baharul Islam & Bhagirathi
* Madhyabartini (Assamese/Hindi) playwright by Rabindranath Tagore dramatisation by Naren Patgiri/ Baharul
* Court Marshal playwright by Swaraj Deepak, Translated by Nayan Prasad
* Pana Gaoar Tupat Enisha playwright by Baharul Islam
* Labhita playwright by Jyoti Prasad Agarwala
* Buddhuram playwright by B V Karanth Translation- Bhagirathi
* Charandas Chor playwright by Habib Tanvir Translated by Anup Hazarika & Bhagirathi
* Sikari playwright by Munin Barua
* The Nature playwright by based on an article
* The Customewalla playwright by Baharul Islam
* Godzilla playwright by Baharul Islam
* Dhetteri (Bourgeois gentleman) playwright by Moliere
* Modala gitti playwright by Baharul Islam
* Swabhavjata playwright by Baharul Islam

== Filmography ==
As an actor he acted in different Indian languages.

=== Assamese language ===

* ''Suruj'' – directed by Pulak Gogoi
* ''Sangkalpa'' – directed by Hem Bora
* ''Bhai Bhai'' – directed by Biju Phukan
* ''Pita Putra'' – directed by [[Munin Baruah]]
* ''[[Nayak (2001 Assamese film)|Nayak]]'' – directed by Munin Baruah
* ''Barood'' – directed by Munin Baruah
* ''Dinobandhu'' – directed by Munin Baruah
* ''Morom Nodir Gabhoru Ghat''- directed by Pulak Gogoi
* ''Bagh Manuhor Khela'' –
* ''Ronga Modar'' – directed by Timothy Hanse
* ''[[Antaheen Jatra]]'' – directed by Munna Ahmed
* ''Raktabeez'' – directed by Biswajeet Bora
* ''Ejak Jonakir Jilmil'' – directed by Biswajeet Bora
* ''Bahniman'' – directed by Biswajeet Bora
* ''Phehujali'' – directed by Biswajeet Bora
* ''Asene Kunuba Hiyat'' – (own direction)
* ''Ajanite Mone Mone'' – directed by Upakul Bordoloi
* ''[[Kaaneen - A Secret Search|Kaaneen]]'' – directed by Monjul Baruah
* ''Goru'' – directed by Himanshu Prasad Das
* ''[[Ghost of Maaikhuli]]'' – directed by Pankaj Soram
* ''Chandu'' – directed by Asim Baishya
* ''Ulka'' – directed by Pranab Vivek
* ''Aponjon'' – directed by Gauri Barman
* ''[[The Underworld (film)|The Underworld]]'' – directed by Rajesh Jaiswal
* ''Saat Nomboror Sandhanot'' – directed by Abdul Majid
* ''Baibhab'' – directed by [[Manju Borah]]
* ''Pratyahbaan'' – directed by Nipon Dholua
* ''[[Samiran Barua Ahi Ase]]'' – directed by [[Prodyut Kumar Deka]]
* ''[[Jatinga Ityadi]]'' – directed by Sanjib Sabhapandit

=== Sadri language ===

* ''Maya''- directed by Rajesh Bhuyan and Pabitra Margherita

=== Bengali language ===

* ''Alifa'' -directed by Deep Choudhury
* ''Five Days with A Terrorist''- directed by Arijit Mukhopadhyay

=== Hindi language ===

* ''[[Kaal Sandhya]]'' – directed by [[Bhabendra Nath Saikia]]
* ''Merit Animal'' – directed by Junaid Imam
* ''[[Dil Bechara]]''- directed by [[Mukesh Chhabra]]
* ''[[Chhapaak]]'' – directed by [[Meghna Gulzar]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sentinelassam.com/entertainment/baharul-islam-making-long-strides-in-bollywood/|title=Baharul Islam Making Long Strides in Bollywood|date=2019-10-13|website=The Sentinel|language=en-US|access-date=2019-11-03}}</ref>
* ''Maidan'' – directed [[Amit Sharma (director)|Amit Sharma]]
* ''[[Pepper Chicken]]'' – directed by [[Ratan Sil Sarma]]
* ''Dhuwa se Dhuwa Taq'' (short feature) – directed by [[Biswajeet Bora]]
* ''[[83 (film)|83]]'' – directed by [[Kabir Khan (director)|Kabir Khan]]
* ''[[Bhediya (film)|Bhediya]]'' – directed by [[Amar Kaushik]]
* ''[[Pill (TV series)|Pill]]''
* ''[[Sector 36]]'' – directed by Aditya Nimbalkar

=== Kannada language ===

* ''[[Hoomale]]'' – directed by Nagathihelli Chandrashekhar
* ''Kotta'' – directed by M S Satthyu

 

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Baharul Islam}}
[[Category:National School of Drama alumni]]
[[Category:Assamese actors]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:People from Goalpara district]]
[[Category:Male actors from Assam]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian male actors]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

Dehradun Cantonment Assembly constituency

2026-04-19T19:39:41Z

WilfredBirmingha: adding a pg

{{Short description|Constituency of the Uttarakhand legislative assembly in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2017}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Dehradun Cantonment
| latest_election_year = 2022
| mla = Savita Kapoor
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| state = Uttarakhand
| district = [[Dehradun]]
| reservation = None
| electors = {{formatnum:134911}}<ref name="ceouk">{{cite web |url=https://www.ceo.uk.gov.in/files/VS-2022/VoterTurnout-2022.pdf |title=Uttarakhand State General Assembly Election - 2022 - AC wise Voter Turnout |website=ceo.uk.gov.in |date=1 March 2022 |accessdate=8 April 2022 |url-status=live |archive-date=1 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220301040631/https://www.ceo.uk.gov.in/files/VS-2022/VoterTurnout-2022.pdf}}</ref>{{update after|2027|03}}
| type = SLA
| loksabha_cons = [[Tehri Garhwal Lok Sabha constituency|Tehri Garhwal]]
| constituency_no = 21
| map_image = Dehradun Cantonment Assembly constituency map.svg
}}
'''Dehradun Cantonment''' ('''Dehradun Cantt''') is one of the seventy electoral [[Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly]] constituencies of [[Uttarakhand]] state in [[India]]. This seat is previously known as Dehradun Constituency before 2012 Delimitation.

The constituency is a part of [[Tehri Garhwal (Lok Sabha constituency)]]. It includes 15 wards of [[Dehradun Municipal Corporation]] and [[Dehradun Cantonment]] area.

==Dehradun Municipal Corporation Wards==
{{further|Dehradun Municipal Corporation}}
{{columns-list|colwidth=20em|
* Kaulagarh
* Ballupur
* Yamuna Colony
* Govindgarh
* Sridev Suman Nagar
* Vijay Park
* Vasant Vihar
* Panditwari
* Indira Nagar
* Seemadwar
* Indirapuram
* [[Kanwali]]
* Dronpuri
* Patel Nagar West
* Gandhi Gram
}}

==Members of Legislative Assembly==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Election
!Name
!Portrait
!colspan=2|Party
|-
| [[2012 Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly election|2012]]
| rowspan=2| [[Harbans Kapoor]]
| rowspan=2| [[File:Harbans Kapoor Ex Speaker Uttarakhand Assembly.jpg|80px]]
| {{Full party name with color|rowspan=3|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| [[2017 Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly election|2017]]
|-
| [[2022 Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly election|2022]]
| [[Savita Kapoor]]
|
|}

== Election results ==
===Assembly Election 2022 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2022 Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly election]]: Dehradun Cantonment<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Chief Electoral Officer, Uttarakhand|title=Uttarakhand State General Assembly Elections 2022 - AC-Wise Detailed Result (Form-20) |url=https://election.uk.gov.in/CEO-Website/VidhanSabha2022/Form20/form20_2022.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220615102703/https://election.uk.gov.in/CEO-Website/VidhanSabha2022/Form20/form20_2022.htm|archive-date=15 June 2022}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Savita Kapoor]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=45,492 |percentage=59.16% |change={{increase}}2.75 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Suryakant Dhasmana |party=Indian National Congress |votes=24,554 |percentage=31.93% |change={{decrease}}1.62 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ravinder Singh Anand |party=Aam Aadmi Party |votes=3,265 |percentage=4.25% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Dinesh Rawat |party=Independent politician |votes=1,056 |percentage=1.37% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Anirudh Kala |party=Uttarakhand Kranti Dal |votes=813 |percentage=1.06% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Nota |party=None of the above |votes=614 |percentage=0.80% |change={{decrease}}0.08 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Jaspal Singh |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=426 |percentage=0.55% |change={{decrease}}0.55 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=20,938 |percentage=27.23% |change= {{increase}}4.37 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=76,892 |percentage=56.72% |change= {{decrease}}0.42 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,35,555 |ref = |change= {{increase}}6.22 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Bharatiya Janata Party |loser=Bharatiya Janata Party |swing= {{increase}}2.75 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 2017 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2017 Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly election]]: Dehradun Cantonment<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Chief Electoral Officer, Uttarakhand|title=Uttarakhand State General Assembly Elections 2017 - AC-Wise Detailed Result (Form-20) |url=https://election.uk.gov.in/CEO-Website/VidhanSabha2017/Form_20/form20_2017.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220630093109/https://election.uk.gov.in/CEO-Website/VidhanSabha2017/Form_20/form20_2017.htm|archive-date=30 June 2022}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Harbans Kapoor]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=41,142 |percentage=56.41% |change={{increase}}9.26 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Suryakant Dhasmana |party=Indian National Congress |votes=24,472 |percentage=33.56% |change={{decrease}}5.51 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Anoop Nautiyal]] |party=Independent politician |votes=3,285 |percentage=4.50% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Naveen Bisht |party=Independent politician |votes=1,303 |percentage=1.79% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Devendra Kumar |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=802 |percentage=1.10% |change={{decrease}}1.39 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=None of the Above |party=None of the above |votes=641 |percentage=0.88% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=16,670 |percentage=22.86% |change= {{increase}}14.77 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=72,928 |percentage=57.14% |change= {{decrease}}4.40 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,27,622 |ref = |change= {{increase}}24.63 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Bharatiya Janata Party |loser=Bharatiya Janata Party |swing= {{increase}}9.26 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 2012 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2012 Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly election]]: Dehradun Cantonment<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Chief Electoral Officer, Uttarakhand|title=Uttarakhand State General Assembly Elections 2012 - AC-Wise Detailed Result (Form-20) |url=https://election.uk.gov.in/Vidhan_sabha2012/form20_2012_PDF/form20_2012.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220929115647/https://election.uk.gov.in/Vidhan_sabha2012/form20_2012_PDF/form20_2012.htm|archive-date=29 September 2022}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Harbans Kapoor]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=29,719 |percentage=47.15% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Devendra Singh Sethi |party=Indian National Congress |votes=24,624 |percentage=39.07% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Rajendra Pant |party=Uttarakhand Raksha Morcha |votes=3,391 |percentage=5.38% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Noopur Gupta |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=1,570 |percentage=2.49% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Adesh Garg |party=Independent politician |votes=1,118 |percentage=1.77% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Jyotsna |party=Independent politician |votes=567 |percentage=0.90% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Bijendar Singh Thapa |party=All India Trinamool Congress |votes=367 |percentage=0.58% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=5,095 |percentage=8.08% |change= }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=63,025 |percentage=61.55% |change= }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,02,402 |ref = |change= }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner=Bharatiya Janata Party |loser= |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
* [[Dehradun Cantonment]]
* [[Dehradun (Uttarakhand Assembly constituency)]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{cite web |title=Record of all Uttarakhand Assembly Elections |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/category/93-uttarakhand/ |website=eci.gov.in |publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date=17 January 2024}}
*http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/CurrentElections/CONSOLIDATED_ORDER%20_ECI%20.pdf. The Election Commission of India. p. 509.
*http://election.uk.gov.in/Vidhan_sabha2012/form20_2012_PDF/21-Dehradun%20Cantonment.pdf
*http://ceo.uk.gov.in/files/Election2012/RESULTS_2012_Uttarakhand_State.pdf
*https://web.archive.org/web/20090619064401/http://gov.ua.nic.in/ceouttranchal/ceo/ac_pc.aspx
*https://web.archive.org/web/20101201021552/http://gov.ua.nic.in/ceouttranchal/ceo/ac_detl.aspx

{{Assembly constituencies of Uttarakhand}}
{{coord|30.353|78.029|display=title}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Uttarakhand]]
[[Category:Politics of Dehradun]]
[[Category:2012 establishments in Uttarakhand]]
[[Category:Dehradun district]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 2012]]

Sakti Assembly constituency

2026-04-19T19:21:07Z

WilfredBirmingha: New A Details With Sources

{{short description|Legislative Assembly constituency in Chhattisgarh State, India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2021}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Sakti
| mla = [[Charan Das Mahant]]
| party = [[Indian National Congress]]
| state = [[Chhattisgarh]]
| district = [[Sakti district|Sakti]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Janjgir–Champa Lok Sabha constituency|Janjgir-Champa]]
| established = 2003
| reservation = None
| electors = {{formatnum:214392}}<ref name=election2023>{{cite web |url=https://www.eci.gov.in/chhattisgarh-legislative-election-2023-statistical-report |title=State Election, 2023 to the Legislative Assembly Of Chhattisgarh |website=Election Commission of India |date= |accessdate=25 January 2023 |url-access=limited}}</ref>{{update after|2029|1}}
| type = SLA
| latest_election_year = [[2023 Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly election|2023]]
| constituency_no = 35
| map_image= Sakti Assembly constituency map.svg
}}
'''Sakti''' is one of the 90 [[Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]] constituencies of [[Chhattisgarh]] state in [[India]].<ref name=ceoMap>{{cite web |url=https://ceochhattisgarh.nic.in/en/new-maps-assembly-constituency |title=New Maps of Assembly Constituency |website=ceochhattisgarh.nic.in |accessdate= 3 February 2021}}</ref>

It comprises [[Sakti tehsil]] and parts of [[Champa tehsil]], in [[Sakti district|Sakti]] district.<ref name=delimitation2008>{{cite web |url=https://upload.indiacode.nic.in/showfile?actid=AC_CEN_3_20_00030_200233_1517807324510&type=order&filename=Delimitation%20Order,2008.pdf |title=Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 2008 |date=26 November 2008 |access-date= 24 June 2021}}</ref>

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==

{| class="wikitable"
!Election
!Name
!colspan=2|Party
|-
! colspan=4|[[Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]
|-
|[[1952 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1952]]
| rowspan="2" |Rajbahudur Leeladhar Singh
|{{Full party name with color|Independent politician}}
|-
|[[1957 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1957]]
|{{Full party name with color|Praja Socialist Party}}
|-
|[[1962 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1962]]
|Tankrajeshwari
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
|[[1967 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1967]]
|I. Devi
|-
|[[1972 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1972]]
|Pushpendranath Singh
|{{Full party name with color|Independent politician}}
|-
|[[1977 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1977]]
| rowspan="3" |Raja Surendra Bahadur Singh
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[1980 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1980]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress (Indira)}}
|-
|[[1985 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1985]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[1990 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1990]]
|Pushpendra Bahadur Singh
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|[[1993 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1993]]
|Raja Surendra Bahadur Singh
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[1998 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1998]]<ref name=election1998>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3737-madhya-pradesh-1998/ |title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1998 to the Legislative Assembly of Madhya Pradesh |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=22 December 2021 |url-access=limited}}</ref>
|Megharam Sahu
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
! colspan=4|[[Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly]]
|-
|[[2003 Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly election|2003]]<ref name="election20032">{{cite web |title=State Election, 2003 to the Legislative Assembly Of Chhattisgarh |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3882-chhattisgarh-2003/ |accessdate=31 December 2021 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]}}</ref>
|Megharam Sahu
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|[[2008 Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly election|2008]]<ref name="election2008">{{cite web |title=State Election, 2008 to the Legislative Assembly Of Chhattisgarh |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3883-chhattisgarh-2008/ |accessdate=31 December 2021 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]}}</ref>
| Saroja Manharan Rathore
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[2013 Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly election|2013]]<ref name="election2013">{{cite web |title=State Election, 2013 to the Legislative Assembly Of Chhattisgarh |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3884-chhattisgarh-2013/ |accessdate=31 December 2021 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]}}</ref>
| Doctor Khilawan Sahu
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|[[2018 Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly election|2018]]<ref name="election2018" />
| rowspan="2" | [[Charan Das Mahant]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
|[[2023 Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly election|2023]]
|}

== Election results ==

=== 2023 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2023 Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly election|Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly Election, 2023]]: Sakti<ref name=election2018>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/9643-statistical-data-of-general-election-to-chhatisgarh-assembly/ |title=Statistical data of General Election to Chhatisgarh Assembly - 2018 |website=Election Commission of India |accessdate= 3 February 2021}}</ref>
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|candidate = [[Charan Das Mahant]]
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = 81,519
|percentage = 50.56
|change = -2.01
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Khilawan Sahu
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes = 69,124
|percentage = 42.88
|change = +10.55
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Bhaiya Jitendra Chauhan
|party = Gondwana Ganatantra Party
|votes = 3,464
|percentage = 2.15
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Anubhav Tiwari
|party = Aam Aadmi Party
|votes = 2,752
|percentage = 1.71
|change = +1.38
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = [[None of the Above]]
|party = None of the above
|votes = 909
|percentage = 0.56
|change = -0.15
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 12,395
|percentage = 7.68
|change = -12.56
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 161,218
|percentage = 75.20
|change = -0.24
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Indian National Congress
|loser = Bharatiya Janata Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2018 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2018 Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly election|Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly Election, 2018]]: Sakti<ref name=election2018>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/9643-statistical-data-of-general-election-to-chhatisgarh-assembly/ |title=Statistical data of General Election to Chhatisgarh Assembly - 2018 |website=Election Commission of India |accessdate= 3 February 2021}}</ref>
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|candidate = [[Charan Das Mahant]]
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = 78,058
|percentage = 52.57
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Medha Ram Sahu
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes = 48,012
|percentage = 32.33
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Gautam Rathore
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|votes = 13,907
|percentage = 9.37
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = [[None of the Above]]
|party = None of the above
|votes = 1,057
|percentage = 0.71
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 30,046
|percentage = 20.24
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 148,495
|percentage = 75.44
|change =
}}
{{Election box gain with party link|
|winner = Indian National Congress
|loser = Bharatiya Janata Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
* [[List of constituencies of the Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly]]
* [[Janjgir-Champa district]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Chhattisgarh}}

{{coord|22.02|82.96|display=title}}

[[Category:Janjgir-Champa district]]
[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Chhattisgarh]]
[[Category:Politics of Chhattisgarh]]
[[Category:2003 establishments in Chhattisgarh]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 2003]]

Stephy Zaviour

2026-04-17T15:32:25Z

WilfredBirmingha: New The Entry First Draft - done

{{short description|Indian costume designer}}

{{Sources exist|date=July 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2019}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Stephy Zaviour
| image =
| imagesize =
| caption = Stephy Zaviour (2019)
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1992|6|20}}
| birth_place = [[Mananthavady]], [[Kerala]], India
| yearsactive = 2015–present
| spouse =
| website =
| occupation = {{hlist|Costume designer|fashion designer|film director}}
}}

'''Stephy Zaviour''' is an Indian [[costume designer]] working predominantly in [[Malayalam film industry|Malayalam cinema]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/mollywood/160317/stephy-xavior-wayanads-pride-mollywood-towns-too.html|title=Stephy Xavior: Wayanad's pride, Mollywood Town's too|work=Deccan Chronicle|access-date=2018-07-07}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite news|url=http://fullpicture.in/interview-detail/99/the-empress-of-cloth.html|title=The Empress of Clothes: In conversation with Stephy Xavior|work=Full Picture|access-date=2018-07-07}}</ref>

==Early life==
Stephy was born to Late Zaviour Karivelil and Gracy Karivelil and brought up in [[Wayanad]], [[Kerala]]. She did her schooling at St.Joseph Higher Secondary School, [[Kallody]], and graduated with a bachelor's degree from [[K.L.E. Society's S. Nijalingappa College]], [[Bangalore]].{{citation needed|date= November 2021}}

== Career ==
She started her career as costumer designer in the industry when she was just 23. She completed over 65 films by the year 2021, including [[Lord Livingstone 7000 Kandi]], [[Guppy (film)|Guppy]] and [[Ezra (2017 film)|Ezra]].<ref name=":0" /> In 2016, Stephy worked on more than 96 films and 300 ad films. Stephy won her first Kerala State Award for Costume Designer for her work in the movie [[Guppy]].<ref name=":2">{{Cite news|url=http://onlookersmedia.in/latestnews/kerala-state-award-winner-stephy-xavier-design-costumes-queen-malayalam-movie|title=Kerala State Award winner Stephy Xavier to design costumes for Queen Malayalam Movie|work=Onlookers Media|access-date=2018-07-07}}</ref> She made her directorial debut through the film ''[[Madhura Manohara Moham]]''.<ref name=":3">{{Cite news |date=2023-05-13 |title=Award-winning Malayalam costume designer Stephy Zaviour turns director with the movie 'Madhura Manohara Moham' |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/costume-designer-of-malayalam-films-stephy-zaviour-turns-director-with-madhura-manohara-moham/article66834376.ece |access-date=2023-07-26 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

== Filmography ==
{{Expand section|date=July 2023|small=no}}
=== As costume designer===
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable"
|-
! Year
! Title
! Notes
|-
|2015
|''[[Lord Livingstone 7000 Kandi]]''
|Debut as costume designer
|-
|2016
|''[[Guppy (film)]]''
|[[Kerala State Film Award for Best Costume Designer]]<ref name=":3" />
|-
|2017
|''[[Ezra (2017 film)|Ezra]]''
|<ref name=":3" />
|-
|2017
|''[[Angamaly Diaries]]''
|<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-01-03 |title=Stephy Zaviour on her debut directorial: It is a family entertainer, laced with humour - EXCLUSIVE |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/stephy-zaviour-on-her-debut-directorial-it-is-a-family-entertainer-laced-with-humour-exclusive/articleshow/96699127.cms |access-date=2023-07-26 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
|2018
|''[[Joseph (2018 film)|Joseph]]''
|<ref name=":3" />
|-
|2019
|''[[Ishq (2019 film)|Ishq]]''
|<ref name=":3" />
|-
|2021
|[[Cold Case (film)|''Cold Case'']]
|
|-
|2022
|''[[Aaraattu (2022 film)|Aaraattu]]''
|
|-
|2022
|''[[Jana Gana Mana (2022 film)|Jana Gana Mana]]''
|
|-
|2024
|''[[Aadujeevitham (film)|Aadujeevitham]]''
|
|-
|2026
|''[[Aadu 3]]''
|
|}

=== As director===
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable"
|-
! Year
! Title
! Director
! Notes
|-
|2023
|''[[Madhura Manohara Moham]]''
| {{yes}}
|Debut film <ref>{{Cite web |title=Stephy Zaviour: I would like to do all kinds of films except women empowerment subjects |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/malayalam/interviews/2023/jul/14/stephy-zaviour-i-would-like-to-do-all-kinds-of-films-except-women-empowerment-subjects-45641.html |access-date=2023-07-25 |website=[[Cinema Express]] |date=14 July 2023 |language=en}}</ref>
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
{{IMDb name|id=8054591}}{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Zaviour, Stephy}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1992 births]]
[[Category:Costume designers of Malayalam cinema]]
[[Category:Kerala State Film Award winners]]
[[Category:Indian costume designers]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian designers]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian women artists]]
[[Category:Indian women costume designers]]

Yamuna Vihar Assembly constituency

2026-04-16T04:37:52Z

WilfredBirmingha: New New Details Basic Info - done

{{Short description|Former constituency of the Delhi legislative assembly in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2018}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Yamuna Vihar
| established = 1972
| abolished = 2008
| state = [[Delhi]]
| district =
| type= SLA
}}
'''Yamuna Vihar''' was a constituency of the [[Delhi Legislative Assembly]] in northern [[India]]. Yamuna Vihar constituency was a part of [[North East Delhi (Lok Sabha constituency)]].<ref>[http://www.mapsofindia.com/assemblypolls/delhi/yamuna-vihar.html Yamuna Vihar Election Results]</ref>

The constituency was created pursuant to "Delimitation Order, 1967". Its first election was held in 1972 and it was assigned identification number 25. The constituency ceased to exist in 2008 after the "Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 2008" was passed.<ref name="Delimitation Order, 1967">{{cite news|title=Delimitation Order, 1967|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|access-date=3 September 2016|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/eci_publications/books/deli/Delimitation%20Orders-67.pdf}}</ref><ref name="Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 2008">{{cite news|title= Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 2008 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] official website|access-date=3 September 2016|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/CurrentElections/CONSOLIDATED_ORDER%20_ECI%20.pdf}}</ref>

==Members of Legislative Assembly==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Election
!Member<ref name="Yamuna Vihar Assembly Constituency Election Result - Legislative Assembly Constituency">{{cite news |title=Yamuna Vihar Assembly Constituency Election Result - Legislative Assembly Constituency |url=https://resultuniversity.com/election/yamunavihar-delhi-assembly-constituency |access-date=10 February 2025 |work= |publisher=Result University |date=10 February 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250210155024/https://resultuniversity.com/election/yamunavihar-delhi-assembly-constituency |archive-date=10 February 2025}}</ref>
!colspan="2"|Party
|-
| [[1993 Delhi Legislative Assembly election|1993]]
| rowspan=3|[[Sahab Singh Chauhan]]
| {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=3}}
|-
| [[1998 Delhi Legislative Assembly election|1998]]
|-
| [[2003 Delhi Legislative Assembly election|2003]]
|-
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Assembly constituencies of New Delhi}}
{{coords|28.71|77.28|display=title}}

[[Category:Former assembly constituencies of Delhi]]
[[Category:North East Delhi district]]
[[Category:Politics of Delhi]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1972]]
[[Category:Constituencies disestablished in 2008]]
[[Category:1972 establishments in Delhi]]
[[Category:2008 disestablishments in India]]

Wankaner Assembly constituency

2026-04-16T04:37:51Z

WilfredBirmingha: New First Article Added Tags - done

{{short description|Legislative Assembly constituency in Gujarat State, India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2022}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Wankaner
| mla = Jitendra Kantilal Somani
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| latest_election_year = [[2022 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election|2022]]
| state = Gujarat
| district = [[Morbi district|Morbi]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Rajkot Lok Sabha constituency|Rajkot]]
| established = 1972
| reservation = None
| electors = {{formatnum:281487}}<ref name=election2022>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/14750-gujarat-general-legislative-election-2022/ |title=Gujarat General Legislative Election 2022 |publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date= 18 April 2023}}</ref>{{update after|2028|2}}
| type = SLA
| constituency_no = 67
}}

'''Wankaner''' is one of the 182 [[Gujarat Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]] constituencies of [[Gujarat]] state in [[India]].<ref name=gjceo>{{cite web |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140125011107/http://ceo.gujarat.gov.in/download/PCAC.pdf |url=http://ceo.gujarat.gov.in/download/PCAC.pdf |archive-date=25 January 2014 |title=Parliament / Assembly constituency wise PS & Electors Detail – Draft Roll – 2014 |access-date= 1 June 2021|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/delim/Final_Publications/Gujarat/gujarat.pdf |title=Gujarat: Order No. 33: Table-A: Assembly constituency and Their Extent |date=12 December 2006 |website=Election Commission of India |publisher=Delimitation Commission of India |pages=2–31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305015941/http://eci.nic.in/delim/Final_Publications/Gujarat/gujarat.pdf |archive-date=5 March 2016 |url-status=dead |access-date=12 February 2017 }}</ref> It is part of [[Morbi district|Morbi]] district and a segment of [[Rajkot Lok Sabha constituency]].

==List of segments==
This assembly seat represents the following segments<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/delim/Final_Publications/Gujarat/gujarat.pdf|title=Gujarat: Order No. 33: Table-A: Assembly constituency and Their Extent|date=12 December 2006|website=Election Commission of India|publisher=Delimitation Commission of India|pages=2–31|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305015941/http://eci.nic.in/delim/Final_Publications/Gujarat/gujarat.pdf|archive-date=5 March 2016|url-status=|access-date=12 February 2017}}</ref>

# Wankaner Taluka
# Rajkot Taluka (Part) Villages – Jaliya, Ratanpar, Khorana, [[Sanosara]], Rampara (Suliya), Vankvad, Hirasar, Satda, Jhiyana, Khijadiya, Nagalpar, Rajgadh, Gavaridad, Para Pipaliya, Hadmatiya (Bedi), Nakaravadi, Pipaliya, Ranpar, Kuchiyadad, Rampara Beti, Parevala, Saypar, Kuvadva, Dhamalpar, Sokhada, Ronki, Ghanteshvar, Vajdi Gadh, Vejagam, Maliyasan, Targhadiya, Gunda, Magharvada, Mesvada, Barvan, Chanchadiya, Jamgadh, Rafala, Kherdi, Amargadh, Thorala, Mahika, Thebachda, Gadhka, Bedla, Fadadang, Deroi, Manharpur, Bedi, Madhapar, Anandpar

== Members of Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Year
!Member
!Picture
!colspan="2"|Party
|-
|[[1972 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election|1972]]
| Abdulmutallib K Pirzada ||
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=4}}
|-
|[[2007 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election|2007]]
|rowspan=3| [[Mohammed Javed Pirzada]]<ref name=election2017/> ||rowspan=3|
|-
|[[2012 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election|2012]]
|-
|[[2017 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election|2017]]
|-
| [[2022 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election|2022]]
| [[Jitu Somani|Jitendra Kantilal Somani]]||
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|}

==Election results==
===2022===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2022 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election|Gujarat Assembly Election, 2022]]}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|candidate = [[Jitu Somani | Jitendra Kantilal Somani]]
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes = 80,677
|percentage = 39.75
|change = +0.88
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=[[Mohammed Javed Pirzada]]|party=Indian National Congress|votes=60,722|percentage=29.92|change=-9.7}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Vikram Sorani|party=Aam Aadmi Party|votes=53,485|percentage=26.35|change=''New''}}

{{Election box majority||votes=19,955|percentage=9.83|change=}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=2,02,972|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box registered electors
|reg. electors = {{formatnum:276746}}

}}

{{Election box gain with party link|
|loser = Indian National Congress
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2017===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2017 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election|Gujarat Legislative Assembly Election, 2017]]: Wankaner<ref name=election2017>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3841-gujarat-general-legislative-election-2017/ |title=Gujarat General Legislative Election 2017 |publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date= 11 July 2021}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|candidate = Mohammed Javed Pirzada
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = 72,588
|percentage = 39.62
|change = +0.88
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=[[Jitu Somani]]|party=Bharatiya Janata Party|votes=71,227|percentage=38.87|change=+3.6}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Independent politician|candidate=Gordhanbhai Saravaiya|votes=25,547|percentage=13.94|change=}}
{{Election box majority||votes=1,361|percentage=0.85|change=-2.63}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=1,83,226|percentage=74.89|change=+0.41}}
{{Election box registered electors
|reg. electors = {{formatnum:244664}}
|ref= <ref name=election2017/>
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|

|winner = Indian National Congress
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2012===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2012 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election|Gujarat Assembly Election, 2012]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://ceo.gujarat.gov.in/download/Detail_Report_AC2012.pdf |title=Gujarat Assembly Elections – 2012 |publisher=Ceo.gujarat.gov.in |accessdate=2015-03-09 |archive-date=26 November 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131126215052/http://ceo.gujarat.gov.in/download/Detail_Report_AC2012.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Mohammed Javed Pirzada|party=Indian National Congress|votes=59,038|percentage=38.74|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=[[Jitu Somani]]|party=Bharatiya Janata Party|votes=53,737|percentage=35.27|change=}}{{Election box majority||votes=7,448|percentage=3.48|change=}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=1,52,380|percentage=74.48|change=}}
{{Election box hold with party link|

|winner = Indian National Congress
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===1972===
* Abdulmutallib K Pirzada (Congress) : 19,614 votes<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.elections.in/gujarat/assembly-constituencies/1972-election-results.html/|title=Gujarat Assembly Election Results in 1972|website=Elections in India}}</ref>
* [[Keshubhai Patel]] (BJS) : 10,047

==See also==
* [[List of constituencies of the Gujarat Legislative Assembly]]
* [[Morbi district]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{cite web |title=Results of Gujarat Assembly Elections |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/category/72-gujarat/ |website=eci.gov.in |publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date=15 March 2022}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Gujarat|state=expanded}}

{{coord|22.62|70.95|display=title}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Gujarat]]
[[Category:Morbi district]]
[[Category:Year of establishment missing]]
[[Category:Politics of Gujarat]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1972]]
[[Category:1972 establishments in Gujarat]]

Karnal Assembly constituency

2026-04-15T23:47:08Z

WilfredBirmingha: Put Up A Details...

{{Short description|Constituency of the Haryana legislative assembly in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2017}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Karnal Assembly constituency
| type = SLA
| map_image = Karnal Assembly constituency map.svg
| state = [[Haryana]]
| established = 1967
| abolished =
| electors = 2,65,466
| mla = [[Jagmohan Anand]]
| incumbent_image = Jagmohan Anand BJP.jpg
| party = {{Party index link|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| alliance = {{Party index link|National Democratic Alliance}}
| constituency_no = 21
| latest_election_year = [[2024 elections in India#Haryana|2024]]
| district = [[Karnal district|Karnal]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Karnal Lok Sabha constituency|Karnal]]
| reservation = None
}}

'''Karnal Assembly Constituency''' is a part of [[Karnal district]]. It is one of the nine seats which make up [[Karnal (Lok Sabha constituency)]].<ref name=delimitation2008>{{cite web |url=https://upload.indiacode.nic.in/showfile?actid=AC_CEN_3_20_00030_200233_1517807324510&type=order&filename=Delimitation%20Order,2008.pdf |title=Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 2008 |date=26 November 2008 |access-date= 24 June 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Manohar Lal Khattar in Karnal Election Results 2019: Manohar Lal Khattar of BJP Wins |url=https://www.news18.com/news/politics/manohar-lal-khattar-in-karnal-election-results-2019-live-updates-2358993.html |access-date=4 February 2022 |work=News18 |date=24 October 2019 |language=en}}</ref>

==Members of Legislative Assembly==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!Year
!Member<ref>{{Cite web | title=Karnal Elections Results 2014, Current MLA, Candidate List of Assembly Elections in Karnal, Haryana | url=https://www.elections.in/haryana/assembly-constituencies/karnal.html | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140816170717/http://www.elections.in:80/haryana/assembly-constituencies/karnal.html | access-date=2025-11-16 | archive-date=2014-08-16}}</ref>
!colspan=2|Party
|-
|1957
|Arjun Arora
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|1962
|Sardar Madho Singh
| {{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India}}
|-
| [[1967 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|1967]]
| Ram Lal
| {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Jana Sangh}}
|-
| [[1968 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|1968]]
| Shanti Prasad
| {{party name with color|Independent politician}}
|-
| [[1972 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|1972]]
| rowspan=2 | Ram Lal
| {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Jana Sangh}}
|-
| [[1977 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|1977]]
| {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}
|-
| [[1982 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|1982]]
| Shanti Devi
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[1987 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|1987]]
| Lachhman Dass
| {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| [[1991 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|1991]]
| Jai Parkash Gupta
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[1996 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|1996]]
| Shashipal Mehta
| {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| [[2000 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|2000]]
| Jai Parkash Gupta
| {{party name with color|Independent politician}}
|-
| [[2005 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|2005]]
| rowspan=2 | Sumita Singh
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[2009 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|2009]]
|-
| [[2014 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|2014]]
| rowspan=2 | [[Manohar Lal Khattar]]
| {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=4}}
|-
| [[2019 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|2019]]
|-
| 2024^
|[[Nayab Singh Saini]]
|-
| [[2024 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|2024]]
| [[Jagmohan Anand]]
|}

==Election results==
===Assembly Election 2024===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2024 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]]: Karnal<ref>{{cite web|url=https://results.eci.gov.in/AcResultGenOct2024/statewiseS071.htm |title=State wise result |work=[[Election Commission of India]]|access-date=8 October 2024}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Jagmohan Anand]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=90,006 |percentage=59.66% |change={{decrease}}2.77 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Sumita Virk |party=Indian National Congress |votes=56,354 |percentage=37.35% |change={{increase}}2.22 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Sunil Bindal |party=Aam Aadmi Party |votes=1,723 |percentage=1.14% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Surjeet Singh |party=Indian National Lok Dal |votes=950 |percentage=0.63% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=None of the Above |party=None of the above |votes=854 |percentage=0.57% |change={{decrease}}0.17 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=33,652 |percentage=22.31% |change= {{decrease}}4.99 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=1,50,871 |percentage=56.59% |change= {{decrease}}1.31 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 2,65,466 |ref = |change= {{increase}}1.44 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Bharatiya Janata Party |loser=Bharatiya Janata Party |swing= {{decrease}}2.77 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly by-election 2024===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2024 elections in India#Haryana|2024 Haryana Legislative Assembly by-election]]: Karnal<ref>{{cite news |last1=Election Commission of India |title=2024 Bye Election Results - Karnal |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/AcResultByeJune2024/candidateswise-S0721.htm |access-date=7 August 2024 |date=4 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240807143620/https://results.eci.gov.in/AcResultByeJune2024/candidateswise-S0721.htm |archive-date=7 August 2024}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Nayab Singh Saini]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=95,004 |percentage=62.43% |change={{decrease}}1.28 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Tarlochan Singh |party=Indian National Congress |votes=53,464 |percentage=35.13% |change={{increase}}7.45 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Rajinder |party=Jannayak Janta Party |votes=1,073 |percentage=0.71% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=None of the Above |party=None of the above |votes=1,113 |percentage=0.73% |change={{decrease}}0.83 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=41,540 |percentage=27.30% |change= {{decrease}}8.73 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=1,52,172 |percentage=57.90% |change= {{increase}}5.53 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 2,62,821 |ref = |change= {{increase}}9.75 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Bharatiya Janata Party |loser=Bharatiya Janata Party |swing= {{decrease}}1.28 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 2019 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2019 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]]: Karnal<ref name=results2019>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/11697-haryana-legislative-assembly-election-2019/ |title=Haryana Legislative Assembly Election, 2019 - Haryana - Election Commission of India |website=eci.gov.in |access-date= 2 February 2021}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Manohar Lal Khattar]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=79,906 |percentage=63.72 |change={{increase}}4.97 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Tarlochan Singh |party=Indian National Congress |votes=34,718 |percentage=27.68 |change={{increase}}18.56 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Tej Bahadur |party=Jannayak Janta Party |votes=3,192 |percentage=2.55 |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Satish Balmiki |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=2,597 |percentage=2.07 |change={{decrease}}0.38 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Nota |party=None of the above |votes=1,956 |percentage=1.56 |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Mahinder Pal Rathi |party=Aam Aadmi Party |votes=1,402 |percentage=1.12 |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Satpal Sahil Hindustani |party=Independent politician |votes=858 |percentage=0.68 |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=45,188 |percentage=36.03 |change= {{decrease}}9.39 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=1,25,408 |percentage=52.37 |change= {{decrease}}15.47 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 2,39,477 |ref = |change= {{increase}}15.71 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Bharatiya Janata Party |loser=Bharatiya Janata Party |swing= {{increase}}4.97 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 2014 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2014 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]]: Karnal<ref name=results2014>{{cite web|url=http://eciresults.nic.in/PartyWiseResultS07.htm?st=S07|access-date=19 October 2014|archive-date=16 December 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141216120445/http://eciresults.nic.in/ConstituencywiseS074.htm?ac=4|url-status=dead|title=Election Commission of India, Constituencywise-All Candidates }}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Manohar Lal Khattar]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=82,485 |percentage=58.75 |change={{increase}}44.06 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Jai Parkash |party=Independent politician |votes=18,712 |percentage=13.33 |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Manoj Wadhwa |party=Indian National Lok Dal |votes=17,685 |percentage=12.60 |change={{increase}}8.71 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Surender Narwal |party=Indian National Congress |votes=12,804 |percentage=9.12 |change={{decrease}}26.31 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ranbir Singh |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=3,437 |percentage=2.45 |change={{decrease}}8.54 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Suresh Matlauda |party=Independent politician |votes=2,230 |percentage=1.59 |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Tejpal Garg |party=Haryana Janhit Congress (BL) |votes=943 |percentage=0.67 |change={{decrease}}31.08 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=63,773 |percentage=45.42 |change= {{increase}}41.74 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=1,40,405 |percentage=67.84 |change= {{increase}}4.00 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 2,06,972 |ref = |change= {{increase}}30.42 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Bharatiya Janata Party |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{increase}}23.32 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 2009 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2009 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]]: Karnal}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Sumita Singh |party=Indian National Congress |votes=35,894 |percentage=35.43 |change={{decrease}}17.57 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Jai Parkash |party=Haryana Janhit Congress (BL) |votes=32,163 |percentage=31.75 |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Chander Parkash Kathuria |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=14,883 |percentage=14.69 |change={{decrease}}0.68 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Balvinder Singh Kalra |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=11,128 |percentage=10.98 |change={{increase}}9.76 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ashok |party=Indian National Lok Dal |votes=3,932 |percentage=3.88 |change={{decrease}}2.66 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Sushil Kumar |party=Independent politician |votes=884 |percentage=0.87 |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Anand Parkash |party=Independent politician |votes=680 |percentage=0.67 |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Narender Saroha |party=Independent politician |votes=525 |percentage=0.52 |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=3,731 |percentage=3.68 |change= {{decrease}}30.13 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=1,01,307 |percentage=63.84 |change= {{increase}}0.55 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,58,695 |ref = |change= {{decrease}}0.13 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{decrease}}17.57 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 2005 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2005 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]]: Karnal<ref name=results2005>{{cite web|url=http://www.indian-elections.com/assembly-elections/haryana/partywise-candidate-list1.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091016121341/http://www.indian-elections.com/assembly-elections/haryana/partywise-candidate-list1.html#inc |archive-date=16 October 2009 |url-status=dead |title= Winning Candidate List for Haryana State Assembly Elections 2005 |publisher=Indian Elections }}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Sumita Singh |party=Indian National Congress |votes=53,300 |percentage=53.01 |change={{increase}}42.56 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Jai Parkash |party=Independent politician |votes=19,303 |percentage=19.20 |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Shashipal Mehta |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=15,455 |percentage=15.37 |change={{decrease}}17.61 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Dharam Pal Gupta |party=Indian National Lok Dal |votes=6,574 |percentage=6.54 |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Pt Kimti Lal Sharma |party=Bharatiya Republican Paksha |votes=2,971 |percentage=2.95 |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Zile Singh |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=1,229 |percentage=1.22 |change={{increase}}0.52 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ramesh Kumar |party=Independent politician |votes=646 |percentage=0.64 |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=33,997 |percentage=33.81 |change= {{increase}}29.37 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=1,00,556 |percentage=63.28 |change= {{increase}}3.63 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,58,894 |ref = |change= {{increase}}12.60 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Independent politician |swing= {{increase}}15.59 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 2000 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2000 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]]: Karnal<ref name=results2000>{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/statisticalreports/SE_2000/STAT_REPORT_HY_LA_2000.pdf|title= STATISTICAL REPORT ON GENERAL ELECTION, 2000 TO THE LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY OF HARYANA|publisher=eci.nic.in|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130127204615/https://eci.gov.in/eci_main/statisticalreports/SE_2000/STAT_REPORT_HY_LA_2000.pdf|archive-date=27 January 2013}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Jai Parkash |party=Independent politician |votes=31,495 |percentage=37.41 |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Satish Kalra |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=27,762 |percentage=32.98 |change={{decrease}}4.55 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Suresh Gupta S/O Som Datt |party=Indian National Congress |votes=8,790 |percentage=10.44 |change={{decrease}}18.19 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Suresh Gupta S/O Daya Ram |party=Independent politician |votes=8,276 |percentage=9.83 |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Nathi Ram |party=Independent politician |votes=3,177 |percentage=3.77 |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Narender Kumar |party=Independent politician |votes=825 |percentage=0.98 |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Bhagat Ram |party=Independent politician |votes=797 |percentage=0.95 |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Brij Bhushan |party=Independent politician |votes=779 |percentage=0.93 |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Suresh Kumar S/O Dharam Pal |party=Independent politician |votes=625 |percentage=0.74 |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Palvinder Singh |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=594 |percentage=0.71 |change={{decrease}}1.70 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=3,733 |percentage=4.43 |change= {{decrease}}4.46 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=84,185 |percentage=59.69 |change= {{decrease}}6.09 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,41,114 |ref = |change= {{decrease}}1.95 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Independent politician |loser=Bharatiya Janata Party |swing= {{decrease}}0.12 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 1996 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1996 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]]: Karnal}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Shashipal Mehta |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=35,511 |percentage=37.53 |change={{increase}}13.75 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Jai Parkash |party=Indian National Congress |votes=27,093 |percentage=28.63 |change={{decrease}}23.00 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Suresh Kumar |party=All India Indira Congress (Tiwari) |votes=15,936 |percentage=16.84 |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Brij Kumar |party=Samata Party |votes=7,044 |percentage=7.44 |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Suresh Kumar S/O Badlu Ram |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=2,272 |percentage=2.40 |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ishwar Singh |party=Janata Dal |votes=1,878 |percentage=1.98 |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Balwinder Singh |party=Independent politician |votes=1,567 |percentage=1.66 |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=8,418 |percentage=8.90 |change= {{decrease}}18.97 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=94,627 |percentage=67.90 |change= {{increase}}4.20 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,43,925 |ref = |change= {{increase}}25.35 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Bharatiya Janata Party |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{decrease}}14.11 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 1991 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1991 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]]: Karnal<ref>{{cite web|url= http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1991/stat_rep_HR_91.pdf |title= Statistical Report of General Election, 1991 to the Legislative Assembly of Haryana |publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date=2018-02-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180820040556/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1991/stat_rep_HR_91.pdf|archive-date=20 August 2018|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Jai Parkash |party=Indian National Congress |votes=36,485 |percentage=51.63 |change={{increase}}7.59 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Chetan Dass |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=16,798 |percentage=23.77 |change={{decrease}}28.77 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Dalbir Singh Sandhu |party=Independent politician |votes=7,690 |percentage=10.88 |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Brij Kumar |party=Janata Party |votes=4,000 |percentage=5.66 |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Darshan Lal |party=Haryana Vikas Party |votes=2,634 |percentage=3.73 |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Suraj Parkash |party=Independent politician |votes=360 |percentage=0.51 |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=19,687 |percentage=27.86 |change= {{increase}}19.36 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=70,660 |percentage=63.07 |change= {{decrease}}0.42 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,14,814 |ref = |change= {{increase}}16.24 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Bharatiya Janata Party |swing= {{decrease}}0.90 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 1987 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1987 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]]: Karnal<ref>{{cite web|url= http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/statisticalreports/SE_1987/Statistical20Report20Haryana201987.pdf |title=Statistical Report of General Election, 1987 to the Legislative Assembly of Haryana |publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date=2018-02-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120114081216/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/statisticalreports/SE_1987/Statistical20Report20Haryana201987.pdf|archive-date=14 January 2012}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Lachhman Dass |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=32,156 |percentage=52.54 |change={{increase}}19.58 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Jai Prakash |party=Indian National Congress |votes=26,955 |percentage=44.04 |change={{decrease}}12.58 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Pardeep Kumar |party=Independent politician |votes=381 |percentage=0.62 |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Kashmira Singh |party=Independent politician |votes=327 |percentage=0.53 |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=5,201 |percentage=8.50 |change= {{decrease}}15.16 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=61,205 |percentage=62.44 |change= {{decrease}}6.89 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 98,769 |ref = |change= {{increase}}27.23 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Bharatiya Janata Party |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{decrease}}4.08 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 1982 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1982 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]]: Karnal}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Shanti Devi |party=Indian National Congress |votes=30,267 |percentage=56.62 |change={{increase}}37.65 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ram Lal |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=17,618 |percentage=32.96 |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Paramjit Singh |party=Independent politician |votes=1,814 |percentage=3.39 |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Avtar Singh |party=Janata Party |votes=1,340 |percentage=2.51 |change={{decrease}}63.05 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Kallu Ram |party=Independent politician |votes=1,108 |percentage=2.07 |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Bhartu Ram |party=Independent politician |votes=418 |percentage=0.78 |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=12,649 |percentage=23.66 |change= {{decrease}}22.92 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=53,457 |percentage=69.70 |change= {{increase}}7.36 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 77,633 |ref = |change= {{increase}}24.02 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Janata Party |swing= {{decrease}}8.93 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 1977 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1977 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]]: Karnal}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Ram Lal |party=Janata Party |votes=25,236 |percentage=65.55 |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ram Sarup |party=Indian National Congress |votes=7,303 |percentage=18.97 |change={{decrease}}23.21 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ram Piara |party=Independent politician |votes=4,937 |percentage=12.82 |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Shanti Prasad |party=Independent politician |votes=885 |percentage=2.30 |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=17,933 |percentage=46.58 |change= {{increase}}44.43 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=38,497 |percentage=62.20 |change= {{decrease}}7.21 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 62,599 |ref = |change= {{increase}}7.62 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Janata Party |loser=Bharatiya Jana Sangh |swing= {{increase}}21.21 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 1972 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1972 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]]: Karnal}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Ram Lal |party=Bharatiya Jana Sangh |votes=17,719 |percentage=44.34 |change={{increase}}18.63 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Shanti Devi |party=Indian National Congress |votes=16,857 |percentage=42.18 |change={{increase}}20.06 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Balwan Singh |party=Independent politician |votes=1,602 |percentage=4.01 |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Piara Lal |party=Independent politician |votes=1,243 |percentage=3.11 |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Kali Ram |party=Independent politician |votes=1,203 |percentage=3.01 |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Kallu |party=Independent politician |votes=616 |percentage=1.54 |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Radhe Shayam |party=Independent politician |votes=542 |percentage=1.36 |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Kashmira Singh |party=Independent politician |votes=180 |percentage=0.45 |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=862 |percentage=2.16 |change= {{decrease}}5.18 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=39,962 |percentage=70.36 |change= {{increase}}7.09 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 58,165 |ref = |change= {{increase}}11.22 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Bharatiya Jana Sangh |loser=Independent politician |swing= {{increase}}11.29 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 1968 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1968 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]]: Karnal}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Shanti Prasad |party=Independent politician |votes=10,648 |percentage=33.05 |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ram Lal |party=Bharatiya Jana Sangh |votes=8,285 |percentage=25.71 |change={{decrease}}5.67 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Roshan Lal |party=Indian National Congress |votes=7,127 |percentage=22.12 |change={{decrease}}2.59 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ram Piara |party=Bharatiya Kranti Dal |votes=6,162 |percentage=19.12 |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=2,363 |percentage=7.33 |change= {{increase}}0.66 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=32,222 |percentage=63.01 |change= {{decrease}}11.31 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 52,295 |ref = |change= {{increase}}2.27 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Independent politician |loser=Bharatiya Jana Sangh |swing= {{increase}}1.67 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 1967 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1967 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]]: Karnal<ref>{{Cite web|title=Haryana Assembly Election Results in 1967|url=https://www.elections.in/haryana/assembly-constituencies/1967-election-results.html/|access-date=2021-06-20|website=Elections in India|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190228150129/https://www.elections.in/haryana/assembly-constituencies/1967-election-results.html/|archive-date=28 February 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Ram Lal |party=Bharatiya Jana Sangh |votes=11,702 |percentage=31.38 |change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=L. Ram |party=Indian National Congress |votes=9,215 |percentage=24.71 |change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=R. Piara |party=Independent politician |votes=9,080 |percentage=24.35 |change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=S. Prasad |party=Independent politician |votes=5,176 |percentage=13.88 |change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=P. Lal |party=Independent politician |votes=1,924 |percentage=5.16 |change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=S. Sunder |party=Independent politician |votes=196 |percentage=0.53 |change=}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=2,487 |percentage=6.67 |change= }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=37,293 |percentage=76.29 |change= }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 51,136 |ref = |change= }}
{{Election box gain with party link|winner=Bharatiya Jana Sangh |loser=Communist Party of India |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Haryana constituencies}}
{{coord|29.69|76.99|display=title}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Haryana]]
[[Category:Karnal district]]
[[Category:Karnal]]
[[Category:Politics of Haryana]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1967]]
[[Category:1967 establishments in Haryana]]

Anderson–Tendulkar Trophy

2026-04-14T18:29:16Z

WilfredBirmingha: new

{{short description | Test cricket series between India and England}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2025}}
{{Infobox cricket tournament main
| image =
| imagesize =
| caption = The Trophy
| country = {{cr|ENG}} {{cr|IND}}
| administrator = [[England and Wales Cricket Board|ECB]] [[Board of Control for Cricket in India|BCCI]]
| cricket format = [[Test cricket]]
| first = [[Indian cricket team in England in 2025|2025]]
| last = [[Indian cricket team in England in 2025|2025 Anderson–Tendulkar Trophy]]
| current =
| next =
| tournament format = Test match series
| participants = 2
| host = {{cr|ENG}} {{cr|IND}}
| trophyholder = {{cr|England}} & {{cr|India}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://cricket.one/match-hub/why-no-team-got-the-anderson-tendulkar-trophy-after-indias-oval-test-win/6890a8f47da7f77e4c991d38|title=Renaming Pataudi Trophy Hurts England As India Draw Series At Oval With Dramatic Win|date=4 August 2025|website=OneCricket}}</ref>
| most successful = {{cr|England}} & {{cr|India}} (1 shared)
| most runs = {{flagdeco|IND}} [[Shubman Gill]] (754)
| most wickets = {{flagdeco|IND}} [[Mohammed Siraj]] (23)
| TV = [[Sky Sports]] (England) [[Sony Pictures Networks]] (India) [[JioHotstar]] (India)
}}
The '''Anderson–Tendulkar Trophy''' is awarded to the winner of each [[Test cricket]] series between [[England cricket team|England]] and [[India national cricket team|India]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=ICC |date=2025-06-19 |title=Anderson–Tendulkar Trophy unveiled for England–India Tests {{!}} ICC World Test Championship |url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/news/anderson-tendulkar-trophy-unveiled-for-england-india-tests |access-date=2025-07-09 |website=icc |language=en}}</ref> The trophy was introduced in 2025 and is named in honour of England's former fast medium swing bowler [[James Anderson (cricketer)|James Anderson]] and India's former legendary middle-order batsman [[Sachin Tendulkar]] to replace the previous [[Pataudi Trophy]] and [[Anthony de Mello Trophy]].<ref>{{cite news |title=India, England to now play for the Anderson–Tendulkar Trophy; legends to unveil silverware |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cricket/india-england-to-now-play-for-the-tendulkar-anderson-trophy-legends-to-unveil-silverware-on-101749172971600.html |access-date=6 June 2025 |website=Hindustan Times |date=4 June 2025}}</ref><ref name="Sachin Tendulkar and James Anderson honoured with England–India trophy">{{cite news |title=Sachin Tendulkar and James Anderson honoured with England–India trophy |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/cricket/articles/cy9025x173po |access-date=21 June 2025 |publisher=BBC Sport |date=5 June 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250621124350/https://www.bbc.com/sport/cricket/articles/cy9025x173po |archive-date=21 June 2025}}</ref> The first 5-match series ended in a closely fought 2–2 draw.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.skysports.com/cricket/news/12123/13406882/england-vs-india-timewasting-tantrums-and-send-offs-during-spiky-test-series-show-how-much-the-format-matters|title=England vs India: Timewasting, tantrums and send-offs during spiky Test series show how much the format matters|website=Sky Sports}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/cricket/articles/cx279ylegeyo|title=England vs India: Tourists win one of all-time great Tests at The Oval to draw series|first=Stephan|last=Shemilt|date=4 August 2025|website=BBC Sport}}</ref>

== History ==
The series forms part of the [[ICC Future Tours Programme]], so the gap between tours varies depending on scheduling. To claim the Anderson–Tendulkar Trophy, a team must win the series; if the series is drawn, the side holding the trophy from the previous series retains it.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.espn.co.uk/cricket/story/_/id/45527989/india-series-commercially-important-ashes-says-ecb-chief-executive |title=India series as commercially important as The Ashes says ECB chief executive |publisher=ESPN |accessdate=2025-06-23}}</ref>

The Anderson–Tendulkar Trophy replaced both the [[Pataudi Trophy]] and the [[Anthony de Mello Trophy]], which were awarded for series winners hosted in England and India respectively.<ref>{{Cite web |title=New trophy to honour James Anderson and Sachin Tendulkar in England–India Test Series |url=https://www.bcci.tv/articles/2025/news/55556228/new-trophy-to-honour-james-anderson-and-sachin-tendulkar-in-england-india-test-series |access-date=2025-07-09 |website=www.bcci.tv |language=en}}</ref> To continue to honour the legacy of [[Iftikhar Ali Khan Pataudi|the Nawab of Pataudi]] and [[Mansoor Ali Khan Pataudi]], two past Indian captains, the winning captain of the trophy is presented the Pataudi medal of excellence, an idea suggested by Sachin Tendulkar to [[Board of Control for Cricket in India|BCCI]] and the ECB.<ref name="'Wanted to keep Pataudi legacy alive' - how Tendulkar helped in creating Pataudi medal">{{cite news |title='Wanted to keep Pataudi legacy alive' – how Tendulkar helped in creating Pataudi medal |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/sachin-tendulkar-helped-create-pataudi-medal-for-winning-captain-of-india-vs-england-test-series-1490913 |access-date=21 June 2025 |publisher=ESPNcricinfo |date=19 June 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250621124613/https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/sachin-tendulkar-helped-create-pataudi-medal-for-winning-captain-of-india-vs-england-test-series-1490913 |archive-date=21 June 2025 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Anderson–Tendulkar Trophy unveiled for England–India Tests">{{cite news |title=Anderson–Tendulkar Trophy unveiled for England–India Tests |url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/news/anderson-tendulkar-trophy-unveiled-for-england-india-tests |access-date=21 June 2025 |work= |publisher=ICC |date=19 June 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250621124102/https://www.icc-cricket.com/news/anderson-tendulkar-trophy-unveiled-for-england-india-tests |archive-date=21 June 2025 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="New Anderson–Tendulkar Trophy unveiled ahead of India vs England series">{{cite news |title=New Anderson–Tendulkar Trophy unveiled ahead of India vs England series |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/cricket/anderson-tendulkar-trophy-unveiled-india-vs-england-series-10076307/ |access-date=21 June 2025 |publisher=The Indian Express |date=19 June 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250621124219/https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/cricket/anderson-tendulkar-trophy-unveiled-india-vs-england-series-10076307/ |archive-date=21 June 2025 |language=en}}</ref>

Shortly after the reveal, the former Indian batsman [[Sunil Gavaskar]] criticised the naming of the trophy, stating he believed that Tendulkar's name should have come first and encouraged Indian fans to deliberately misname it when mentioning it.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/cricket/2025/06/22/sunil-gavaskar-anderson-tendulkar-trophy-england-india/ |title=India legend says names wrong way round on Anderson–Tendulkar Trophy |work=The Telegraph |url-access=subscription |date=2025-06-23 |accessdate=2025-06-23 |first=Will |last=MacPhearson}}</ref> This was despite the [[England and Wales Cricket Board]] (ECB) stating that the trophy was named solely on alphabetical order.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cricket/sunil-gavaskar-roughs-up-lame-ecb-for-putting-andersons-name-ahead-of-tendulkar-his-record-nowhere-close-to-sachin-101750587898564.html |title=Sunil Gavaskar roughs up 'lame' ECB for putting Anderson's name ahead of Tendulkar. |work=Hindustan Times |accessdate=2025-06-23 |date=2025-06-23}}</ref>

==Background==
===Test series and one-off encounters not under the trophy===
The two teams first met when the British India cricket team toured England in the 1932 season for a one-off Test and 25 first-class matches, primarily against English domestic sides.

{{Sticky header}}
{| class="wikitable sortable sticky-header" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Years
! Host
! Tests
! style="background: #FA8072;"|{{cr|England}}
! style="background:#99ccff"|{{cr|British India}}
! style="background-color:#d8d8d8;"|Drawn
! class="unsortable"|Result
|-
| [[Indian cricket team in England in 1932|1932]]
| align=left|{{flag|England}}
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| align=left style="background:#FA8072;"|{{cr|England}}
|-
| [[English cricket team in India in 1933–34|1933–34]]
| align=left|{{flag|British India|name=India}}
| 3
| 2
| 0
| 1
| align=left style="background:#FA8072;"|{{cr|England}}
|-
| [[Indian cricket team in England in 1936|1936]]
| align=left|{{flag|England}}
| 3
| 2
| 0
| 1
| align=left style="background:#FA8072;"|{{cr|England}}
|-
| [[Indian cricket team in England in 1946|1946]]
| align=left|{{flag|England}}
| 3
| 1
| 0
| 2
| align=left style="background:#FA8072;"|{{cr|England}}
|-
|
| Total
| 10
| 6
| 0
| 4
| –
|}

The first series after Indian independence was played in 1951–52 in India; shortly followed by India's tour of England in 1952. There have been regular Test series been the two nations ever since.

{{Sticky header}}
{| class="wikitable sortable sticky-header" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Years
! Host
! Tests
! style="background: #FA8072;"|{{cr|England}}
! style="background:#99ccff"|{{cr|India}}
! style="background-color:#d8d8d8;"|Drawn
! class="unsortable"|Result
! class="unsortable"|Trophy
|-
| [[English cricket team in India, Pakistan and Ceylon in 1951–52|1951–52]]
| align=left|{{flag|India}}
| 5
| 1
| 1
| 3
| align=left style="background-color:#d8d8d8;"|Drawn
| [[Anthony de Mello Trophy]]
|-
| [[Indian cricket team in England in 1952|1952]]
| align=left|{{flag|England}}
| 4
| 3
| 0
| 1
| align=left style="background:#FA8072;"|{{cr|England}}
| –
|-
| [[Indian cricket team in England in 1959|1959]]
| align=left|{{flag|England}}
| 5
| 5
| 0
| 0
| align=left style="background:#FA8072;"|{{cr|England}}
| –
|-
| [[English cricket team in India, Pakistan and Ceylon in 1961–62|1961–62]]
| align=left|{{flag|India}}
| 5
| 0
| 2
| 3
| align=left style="background:#99ccff"|{{cr|India}}
| [[Anthony de Mello Trophy]]
|-
| [[English cricket team in India in 1963–64|1963–64]]
| align=left|{{flag|India}}
| 5
| 0
| 0
| 5
| align=left style="background-color:#d8d8d8;"|Drawn
| [[Anthony de Mello Trophy]]
|-
| [[Indian cricket team in England in 1967|1967]]
| align=left|{{flag|England}}
| 3
| 3
| 0
| 0
| align=left style="background:#FA8072;"|{{cr|England}}
| –
|-
| [[Indian cricket team in England in 1971|1971]]
| align=left|{{flag|England}}
| 3
| 0
| 1
| 2
| align=left style="background:#99ccff"|{{cr|India}}
| –
|-
| [[English cricket team in India, Pakistan and Sri Lanka in 1972–73|1972–73]]
| align=left|{{flag|India}}
| 5
| 1
| 2
| 2
| align=left style="background:#99ccff"|{{cr|India}}
| [[Anthony de Mello Trophy]]
|-
| [[Indian cricket team in England in 1974|1974]]
| align=left|{{flag|England}}
| 3
| 3
| 0
| 0
| align=left style="background:#FA8072;"|{{cr|England}}
| –
|-
| [[English cricket team in India and Sri Lanka in 1976–77|1976–77]]
| align=left|{{flag|India}}
| 5
| 3
| 1
| 1
| align=left style="background:#FA8072;"|{{cr|England}}
| [[Anthony de Mello Trophy]]
|-
| [[Indian cricket team in England in 1979|1979]]
| align=left|{{flag|England}}
| 4
| 1
| 0
| 3
| align=left style="background:#FA8072;"|{{cr|England}}
| –
|-
| [[English cricket team in India in 1979–80|1979–80]]
| align=left|{{flag|India}}
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| align=left style="background:#FA8072;"|{{cr|England}}
| Golden Jubilee Test
|-
| [[English cricket team in India in 1981–82|1981–82]]
| align=left|{{flag|India}}
| 6
| 0
| 1
| 5
| align=left style="background:#99ccff"|{{cr|India}}
| [[Anthony de Mello Trophy]]
|-
| [[Indian cricket team in England in 1982|1982]]
| align=left|{{flag|England}}
| 3
| 1
| 0
| 2
| align=left style="background:#FA8072;"|{{cr|England}}
| –
|-
| [[English cricket team in India and Sri Lanka in 1984–85|1984–85]]
| align=left|{{flag|India}}
| 5
| 2
| 1
| 2
| align=left style="background:#FA8072;"|{{cr|England}}
| [[Anthony de Mello Trophy]]
|-
| [[Indian cricket team in England in 1986|1986]]
| align=left|{{flag|England}}
| 3
| 0
| 2
| 1
| align=left style="background:#99ccff"|{{cr|India}}
| –
|-
| [[Indian cricket team in England in 1990|1990]]
| align=left|{{flag|England}}
| 3
| 1
| 0
| 2
| align=left style="background:#FA8072;"|{{cr|England}}
| –
|-
| [[English cricket team in India in 1992–93|1992–93]]
| align=left|{{flag|India}}
| 3
| 0
| 3
| 0
| align=left style="background:#99ccff"|{{cr|India}}
| [[Anthony de Mello Trophy]]
|-
| [[Indian cricket team in England in 1996|1996]]
| align=left|{{flag|England}}
| 3
| 1
| 0
| 2
| align=left style="background:#FA8072;"|{{cr|England}}
| –
|-
| [[English cricket team in India in 2001–02|2001–02]]
| align=left|{{flag|India}}
| 3
| 0
| 1
| 2
| align=left style="background:#99ccff"|{{cr|India}}
| [[Anthony de Mello Trophy]]
|-
| [[Indian cricket team in England in 2002|2002]]
| align=left|{{flag|England}}
| 4
| 1
| 1
| 2
| align=left style="background-color:#d8d8d8;"|Drawn
| –
|-

| [[English cricket team in India in 2005–06|2005–06]]
| align=left|{{flag|India}}
| 3
| 1
| 1
| 1
| align=left style="background-color:#d8d8d8;"|Drawn
| [[Anthony de Mello Trophy]]
|-
| [[Indian cricket team in England in 2007|2007]]
| align=left|{{flag|England}}
| 3
| 0
| 1
| 2
| align=left style="background:#99ccff"|{{cr|India}}
| [[Pataudi Trophy]]
|-
| [[English cricket team in India in 2008–09|2008–09]]
| align=left|{{flag|India}}
| 2
| 0
| 1
| 1
| align=left style="background:#99ccff"|{{cr|India}}
| [[Anthony de Mello Trophy]]
|-
| [[Indian cricket team in England in 2011|2011]]
| align=left|{{flag|England}}
| 4
| 4
| 0
| 0
| align=left style="background:#FA8072;"|{{cr|England}}
| [[Pataudi Trophy]]
|-
| [[English cricket team in India in 2012–13|2012–13]]
| align=left|{{flag|India}}
| 4
| 2
| 1
| 1
| align=left style="background:#FA8072;"|{{cr|England}}
| [[Anthony de Mello Trophy]]
|-
| [[Indian cricket team in England in 2014|2014]]
| align=left|{{flag|England}}
| 5
| 3
| 1
| 1
| align=left style="background:#FA8072;"|{{cr|England}}
| [[Pataudi Trophy]]
|-
| [[English cricket team in India in 2016–17|2016–17]]
| align=left|{{flag|India}}
| 5
| 0
| 4
| 1
| align=left style="background:#99ccff"|{{cr|India}}
| [[Anthony de Mello Trophy]]
|-
| [[Indian cricket team in England in 2018|2018]]
| align=left|{{flag|England}}
| 5
| 4
| 1
| 0
| align=left style="background:#FA8072;"|{{cr|England}}
| [[Pataudi Trophy]]
|-
| [[English cricket team in India in 2020–21|2020–21]]
| align=left|{{flag|India}}
| 4
| 1
| 3
| 0
| align=left style="background:#99ccff"|{{cr|India}}
| [[Anthony de Mello Trophy]]
|-
| [[Indian cricket team in England in 2021|2021]]{{efn|The final test was played in 2022.}}
| align=left|{{flag|England}}
| 5
| 2
| 2
| 1
| align=left style="background-color:#d8d8d8;"|Drawn
| [[Pataudi Trophy]]
|-
| [[English cricket team in India in 2023–24|2023–24]]
| align=left|{{flag|India}}
| 5
| 1
| 4
| 0
| align=left style="background:#99ccff"|{{cr|India}}
| [[Anthony de Mello Trophy]]
|-
|
| Total
| 126
| 45
| 35
| 46
| –
|
|}

== Series results ==
===Anderson–Tendulkar Trophy results===
{| class="wikitable unsortable"
!Years
!Host
!Tests
!style="background: #FA8072;" | {{cr|England}}
!style="background:#99ccff" | {{cr|India}}
!style="background:#deb887" | Drawn
!Result
!Holder
!Player(s) of the Series
|-
| [[Indian cricket team in England in 2025|2025]]
| {{flag|England}}
| 5
| 2
| 2
| 1
| style="background:#deb887"|Drawn
| style="background-color:gold;" | Both
| {{cricon|England}} [[Harry Brook]] {{cricon|India}} [[Shubman Gill]]
|}

{| class="wikitable"
|-
!Total Series!! style="background:#FA8072" | {{cr|England}} !! style="background:#99ccff | {{cr|India}} !! style="background:#deb887;" | Drawn
|-

| align="center" | 1
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| align="center" | 1
|}

== Namesakes ==
[[James Anderson (cricketer)|James Anderson]] who played 188 Test matches for England, is the leading wicket-taker for his team, and also currently holds the record for the most wickets taken by a fast bowler in Test cricket (704 wickets). [[Sachin Tendulkar]], who played 200 Test matches for India, is the current leading run-scorer for his team and in Test cricket (15,921 runs). <ref name="England v India Test series trophy named after James Anderson and Sachin Tendulkar">{{cite news |title=England v India Test series trophy named after James Anderson and Sachin Tendulkar |url=https://www.cnbctv18.com/sports/england-v-india-test-series-trophy-named-after-james-anderson-and-sachin-tendulkar-19623658.htm |access-date=21 June 2025 |publisher=CNBCTV18 |date=19 June 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250621125137/https://www.cnbctv18.com/sports/england-v-india-test-series-trophy-named-after-james-anderson-and-sachin-tendulkar-19623658.htm |archive-date=21 June 2025 |language=en}}</ref>

==Media coverage==
'''Matches played in England:''' [[Sky Sports]], [[Sony Pictures Networks]], and JioHotStar.

==2025 series==
The 5-match series ended in a 2–2 draw between India and England. [[Shubhman Gill]] was the highest run scorer among batsmen with 754 runs. [[Mohammed Siraj]] was the highest wicket-taking bowler in the series with 23 wickets. For England, [[Joe Root]] scored the highest amount of runs with 537 runs, and [[Josh Tongue]] took 19 wickets.<ref>https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/anderson-tendulkar-trophy-2025-1448335/stats</ref> [[Harry Brook]] was the man of the series from the English side. Shubman Gill was the man of the series from the Indian side. India, who were trailing 2–1 in the series, fought back in the last test to level the series.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/sport/cricket/mohammed-siraj-prasidh-krishna-pull-off-thrilling-win-against-england-india-levels-series-2-2/article69893124.ece|title=India tour of England: England vs India fifth Test: India pulls off thrilling win at the Oval on August 4 2025|first=Shayan|last=Acharya|date=4 August 2025|via=www.thehindu.com}}</ref>

==See also==
{{Portal|Cricket}}
*[[India–Australia cricket rivalry]]
*[[Anthony de Mello Trophy]]
*[[Border–Gavaskar Trophy]]
*[[Gandhi–Mandela Trophy]]
*[[The Ashes]]
*[[World Test Championship|ICC World Test Championship]]

==Notes==
{{notelist}}
==References==
{{reflist|3}}
{{Named Test Cricket series}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Anderson-Tendulkar Trophy}}
[[Category:Cricket awards and rankings]]
[[Category:Cricket rivalries]]
[[Category:England in international cricket]]
[[Category:India in international cricket]]
[[Category:Test cricket competitions]]
[[Category:India–United Kingdom sports relations]]
[[Category:Sports rivalries in India]]
[[Category:Sports rivalries in the United Kingdom]]

Kailasha

2026-04-12T07:43:18Z

WilfredBirmingha: Put Up Info...

{{Short description|Celestial abode of Shiva in Hinduism}}
{{Redirect|Kailasa|the mountain|Mount Kailash|the claimed micronation|Kailaasa|other uses|Kailash (disambiguation)}}
[[Image:Hindukailash.JPG|thumb|An illustration depicting [[Shiva]] with his family at Kailasha]]

'''Kailasha''' or '''Kailasa''' ({{IAST3|Kailāsa}}) is the celestial abode of the [[Hinduism|Hindu]] god [[Shiva]]. It is traditionally recognized as a mountain where Shiva resides along with his consort [[Parvati]], and their children, [[Ganesha]] and [[Kartikeya]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Chandra|first1=Suresh|title=Encyclopaedia of Hindu Gods and Goddesses|date=1998|publisher=Sarup and Sons|isbn=978-81-7625-039-9|page=93|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mfTE6kpz6XEC|access-date=6 September 2023}}</ref> [[Mount Kailash]], located in the [[Transhimalaya]], in the western part of the [[Tibetan Plateau]], is considered as a geographic manifestation of Kailasha.

== Etymology ==
The name is given as "''{{transliteration|sa|IAST|Kailāsa}}''" ({{lang|sa|कैलास}}; var. ''{{transliteration|sa|IAST|Kailāśa}}'' {{lang|sa|कैलाश}}) in [[Sanskrit]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Sanskrit Dictionary|url=http://www.sanskrit-lexicon.uni-koeln.de/cgi-bin/monier/serveimg.pl?file=/scans/MWScan/MWScanjpg/mw0311-kesaragrAma.jpg|page=311|publisher=[[Monier-Williams]]|access-date=1 December 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://dsal.uchicago.edu/cgi-bin/philologic/getobject.pl?c.2:1:1523.apte|title=Entry for कैलासः|publisher=Apte Sanskrit-English Dictionary|access-date=1 December 2023|archive-date=8 July 2012|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120708062933/http://dsal.uchicago.edu/cgi-bin/philologic/getobject.pl?c.2:1:1523.apte|url-status=dead}}</ref> It could have been derived from the word "''{{transliteration|sa|IAST|kelāsa}}''" ({{lang|sa|केलास}}), which means "crystal".<ref>{{cite web|url= http://faculty.washington.edu/prem/mw/k.html|title=Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary|last= Williams|first= Monier|quote= kelāsa m. crystal W|access-date=10 October 2017|archive-date=31 August 2018|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20180831043117/http://faculty.washington.edu/prem/mw/k.html|url-status= dead}}</ref>

== Theology and mythology ==
The abode of Kailasha is said to be guarded by a set of [[Gana|ganas]] led by [[Nandi (mythology)|Nandi]], the ''[[vahana]]'' (mount) of Shiva.<ref>{{harvnb|Bansal|2005|page=59}}</ref> According to the ''[[Puranas]]'', Shiva and Parvati are often described as engaged in discussions regarding Hindu philosophies seated in Kailasha.<ref>{{harvnb|Bansal|2005|page=37}}</ref> Other gods and [[Deva (Hinduism)|devas]] are described as assembling at Kailasha to witness Shiva taking the form of [[Nataraja]] and engaging in a [[Tandava|cosmic dance]].<ref>{{harvnb|Bansal|2005|page=42}}</ref>

[[Hindus]] believe Kailasha to be the [[Mount Meru]] which is considered to be a stairway to ''[[Svarga]]'', a heaven where the devas reside.<ref>{{harvnb|Allen|1982|page=21}}</ref> Meru is considered as the center of the universe and is said to be {{cvt|139440|km|abbr=on}} high, connecting the earth with the under world and heaven with Shiva residing on top of the mountain.<ref>{{harvnb|Chamaria|1996|page=17}}</ref>

According to the ''[[Mahabharata]]'', Kailasha is located amidst the ''Himavat'' range between Malayavat and Gandhamadhana mountains. Some scriptures indicate that Shiva resides in a horn of the mountains called as ''Saivatra''.<ref>{{harvnb|Chamaria|1996|page=25}}</ref> The text further states that the mountain gleans of gold when the rays of the sun fall on it and is said to contain lovely woods, lakes, rivers adorned with fruit trees, precious stones and life saving herbs. It also describes Kailasha as the means to reach heaven and only a being without any sins would be able to scale it.<ref>{{harvnb|Chamaria|1996|page=24}}</ref> Kailasha is said to have a golden gate nearby a lake called ''Alaka'' adorned with golden lotuses and sweet tasting water from which [[Mandakini river]] arises.<ref>{{harvnb|Chamaria|1996|page=25}}</ref> As per the ''Mahabharata'', the [[Pandavas]], along with their wife [[Draupadi]], traveled towards the summit of Kailasha as a means to reach heaven, but only [[Yudhishthira]], who was accompanied by a dog, was able to make it.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://news24online.com/india/mysteries-of-kailash-what-are-these-9-foot-tall-entities-found-in-mansarovar-mkir/177672/|title=Mysteries of Kailash: What Are These 9-Foot Tall Entities Found In Mansarovar?|work=News24|date=4 October 2023|access-date=1 December 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/358356740|title=Yudhishthira body still frozen in the glacier Kailash|date=February 2022|doi=10.13140/RG.2.2.23153.15204|journal=ResearchGate|author=Manoj Nalanagula}}</ref>

The Hindu epic ''[[Ramayana]]'' describes Kailasha and [[Lake Manasarovar]] as places unlike anywhere in the world. It also uses Kailasha as a reference to describe the mountains of [[Kishkindha]].<ref>{{harvnb|Chamaria|1996|page=26}}</ref> According to the ''[[Uttara Kanda]]'' of the epic, it is said that [[Ravana]] attempted to uproot Kailasha as retaliation against Shiva, who in turn, pressed his right big toe upon the mountain, trapping Ravana in between. This representation of Shiva is also referred to as [[Ravananugraha]] (meaning "form showing favour to Ravana") while seated upon his abode at Kailasha.<ref>{{cite book|last=Dallapiccola|first=Anna L.|title=[[Dictionary of Hindu Lore and Legend]]|publisher=[[Thames & Hudson]]|year=2003|chapter=Ravananugrahamurti|isbn=978-0-500-51088-9|chapter-url=http://www.credoreference.com/entry/thhll/ravananugrahamurti}}</ref>

The ''[[Vishnu Purana]]'' states that Kailasha is a pillar of the world, located at the heart of six mountain ranges symbolizing a [[Nelumbo nucifera|lotus]]. It also states that the four faces of Mount Kailasha are made of [[crystal]], [[ruby]], [[gold]], and [[lapis lazuli]].<ref>{{harvnb|Allen|1982|page=22}}</ref> It further talks about Shiva sitting in a lotus position, engaged in deep meditation within the confines of the mountain.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Mohan|first1=T.S.|title=Kailash Yatra|journal=Hinduism Today|date=Jan–Mar 2012|volume=34|issue=1|pages=18–33|url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=70696022&site=eds-live&scope=site|issn=0896-0801|id=70696022}}</ref> The mountain is home to four lakes, whose water is shared by the gods and four rivers that originate from the [[Ganges]] and flow to the earth. The ''[[Vayu Purana]]'' describes similarly with the mountain located close to a lake consisting of clear water with lotuses and lilies decked with water birds.<ref>{{harvnb|Chamaria|1996|page=28}}</ref> The ''[[Bhagavata Purana]]'' places Kailasha as located south of Mount Meru. The ''[[Skanda Purana]]'' mentions the lake Manasarovar with Kailasha and describes the abode as located on the highest peak, perpetually covered with snow.<ref>{{harvnb|Chamaria|1996|page=29}}</ref> The ''[[Kumārasambhava]]'' and the ''[[Meghadūta]]'' by [[Kālidāsa]] also have similar descriptions of Kailasha.<ref>{{harvnb|Chamaria|1996|page=31}}</ref>

== Geographical location ==
[[File:Kailash north.JPG|thumb|[[Mount Kailash|Mount Kailasha]], located in the [[Transhimalaya]], is often considered to be a geographic manifestation of Kailasha]]
[[Mount Kailash|Mount Kailasha]], located in the [[Gangdise Shan|Kailasha Range]] (Gangdisê Mountains) of the [[Transhimalaya]] in the western part of the Tibetan Plateau, is considered to be a geographic manifestation of Kailasha and is considered sacred in Hinduism.<ref name="KI">{{cite journal|last1=Izu|first1=Kenro|title=Passage to Kailash|journal=World Literature Today|date=2013|volume=87|issue=2|pages=68|doi=10.7588/worllitetoda.87.2.0068|s2cid=163370522 }}</ref> Multiple rivers originate from these mountains including the [[Yarlung Tsangpo]] (which becomes the [[Brahmaputra]]), the [[Indus]], the [[Sutlej]] and the [[Karnali River|Karnali]], a tributary of [[Ganges]]. All these river systems originate in a {{cvt|60|km2|abbr=on}} area in the Kailasha region.<ref name="Freeman">{{cite journal|url=https://www.alpinejournal.org.uk/Contents/Contents_2003_files/AJ%202003%20103-110%20Freeman-Attwood%20Gangdise.pdf|title=Gangdise Mountains|journal=[[Alpine Journal]]|author=Freeman Attwood|year=2003|volume=4|pages=103–109}}</ref> Kailasha is located close to [[Lake Manasarovar|Manasarovar]] and [[Lake Rakshastal|Rakshastal]] lakes. Mansarovar is a high altitude fresh water lake fed by glaciers and overflows into Rakshastal, an [[Endorheic basin|endorheic]] salt water lake.<ref>{{cite book|last= Brockman|first=Norbert|date=2011|title=Encyclopedia of Sacred Places, Volume 1|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JkSk4euA-TEC&pg=PA356|publisher=ABC-CLIO|page=356|isbn=978-1-598-84654-6|access-date=4 April 2019}}</ref>

Due to its perceived sacredness, people from India, Nepal and other countries undertake a pilgrimage called ''yatra'' to the mountain.<ref name="kmy">{{cite web|title=Kailash Manasarovar Yatra|url=https://kmy.gov.in/kmy/?lang=en|publisher=Ministry of External Affairs, Government of India|access-date=30 July 2022|archive-date=17 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220617011329/https://kmy.gov.in/kmy/?lang=en|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="NYT">{{cite news|author1=Karen Swenson|title=A Sacred Circuit in Tibet|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2003/03/16/travel/a-sacred-circuit-in-tibet.html|access-date=30 July 2022|work=The New York Times|date=16 March 2003}}</ref> The pilgrimage involves trekking towards Lake Manasarovar and a circumambulation of Mount Kailasha. The path around Mount Kailasha is {{convert|53|km|mi|abbr=on}} long. [[Pilgrim]]s believe that doing a circumambulation of Mount Kailasha on foot is a spiritually beneficial practice that can bring various positive effects, such as the collection of meritorious karma, the cleansing of sins from one's consciousness, and good fortune. The circumambulation is made in a clockwise direction by the Hindus.<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Bubriski|first1=Kevin|title=Kailash Yatra: a Long Walk to Mount Kailash through Humla|last2=Pandey|first2=Abhimanyu|publisher=Penguin Random House|year=2018|location=New Delhi|page=151}}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[Akaniṣṭha]]
* [[Brahmaloka]]
* [[Goloka]]
* [[Manidvipa]]
* [[Vaikuntha]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

===Bibliography===
{{refbegin}}
* {{cite book|title=Hindu Gods and Goddesses|first=Sunita Pant|last=Bansal|year=2005|isbn=978-8-187-96772-9|publisher=Smriti Books}}
* {{cite book|title=A Mountain in Tibet|first=Charles|last=Allen|year=1982|publisher=Futura Publications|isbn=0-7088-2411-0}}
* {{cite book|title=Kailash Manasarovar on the Rugged Road to Revelation|first=Pradeep|last=Chamaria|year=1996|publisher=Abhinav Publications|isbn=978-8-170-17336-6}}
{{refend}}

[[Category:Mountains in Hinduism]]
[[Category:Places in Hindu mythology]]
[[Category:Conceptions of heaven]]

Bengali Christians

2026-04-09T20:04:11Z

WilfredBirmingha:

{{Short description|Group of Christians from the Bengal region}}
{{More citations needed|date=January 2022}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2025}}
{{Infobox religious group
| name = Bengali Christians বাঙালি খ্রিস্টান
| image = St Paul's Cathedral.jpg
| image_caption = North [[façade]] of the St. Paul's Cathedral, Calcutta
| population = 1,370,000
| region2 = {{flag|Bangladesh}}
| pop2 = 488,583
| ref2 = <ref name="autogenerated182">Luchesi, Brigitte (1999), "Bangladesh", in Fahlbusch, Erwin, Encyclopedia of Christianity 1, Grand Rapids: Wm. B. Eerdmans, pp. 182–183, {{ISBN|0802824137}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=15 November 2023 |title=Population and Housing Census 2022, National Report (Volume I) |url=https://bbs.gov.bd/site/page/47856ad0-7e1c-4aab-bd78-892733bc06eb/Population-and-Housing-Census |website=[[Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics]] |page=12}}</ref>
| region1 = {{flag|India}}
| pop1 = 730,000 (West Bengal)
| ref1 = <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://ncm.nic.in/minority_population.pdf |title=Minority Population |access-date=2015-08-01 |archive-date=2011-07-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110720175158/http://ncm.nic.in/minority_population.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>
| languages = [[Bengali language|Bengali]]
| religions = [[Christianity]] ([[Catholic Church|Catholicism]], [[Protestantism]], [[Indian Orthodox]])
}}
{{Christianity}}
{{Bengalis}}
'''Bengali Christians''' ({{langx|bn|বাঙালি খ্রিস্টান}}) are adherents of [[Christianity]] among the [[Bengalis|Bengali people]]. Christianity took root in Bengal after the arrival of Portuguese voyagers in the 16th century. It witnessed further conversions among the Bengali upper-caste elite during the 19th century [[Bengali Renaissance]].

Bengali Christians played significant role in [[Bengali culture]], education, commerce and society. Some of the most influential thinkers and advocates during the Indian independence struggle from British Raj were Bengali Christians. The region is home to venerable missionary institutions, including the [[Missionaries of Charity]] founded by [[Mother Teresa]].
[[File:Calcutta, Cathedral of the Most Holy Rosary-2.jpg|thumb|[[Archdiocese of Calcutta]]]]
[[File:Dhaka, Catholic Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception.JPG|thumb|[[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Dhaka]]]]

==History==
[[File:Patharghatta Catholic Church Chittagong.JPG|thumb|[[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Chittagong]]]]
Christianity was established in Bengal by the [[Portuguese Empire|Portuguese]] missionaries in the 16th century. [[Basilica of the Holy Rosary, Bandel]] is the first church known to have been constructed in 1599 at [[Hugli-Chuchura]] in the [[Hooghly district]] of West Bengal, India. Another is known to have been established from the historical records was in Ishwaripore, [[Jessore]] (erstwhile Chandecan) in 1600 under patronage of [[Pratapaditya]] which later was ransacked.<ref>Ray, Aniruddha (1976). "Case Study of a Revolt in Medieval Bengal: Raja Pratapaditya Guha Roy". In De, Barun (ed.). Essays in Honour of Prof. S.C. Sarkar. Delhi: People's Pub. House</ref> Chittagong (erstwhile also referred to as Diang) with significant Portuguese and trading settlements had first hermitage and churches erected around this time. The [[Portuguese settlement in Chittagong]] hosted the first [[Vicar Apostolic]] in Bengal.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.ctgdiocese.com/chronicle-snippets/ |title=Chronicle/Snippets |access-date=2015-08-01 |archive-date=2020-02-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200212172403/http://www.ctgdiocese.com/chronicle-snippets/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> The Portuguese from there moved to Arakan, where they would transport Hindu and Muslim slaves, about 42,000 in number from 1621 to 1624, and converted 28,000 of those enslaved peoples to Christianity.<ref>{{cite book |title=Christian Missions in East Bengal |last=Ahmed |first= S.M. Tanveer Ahmed}}</ref> [[Jesuit]] missionaries also established churches in [[Bandel]] and [[Dhaka]]. In 1682, there were 14,120 Roman Catholics in Bengal.<ref name="autogenerated182"/>

==Denominations==
===Roman Catholic Church===
The Catholic Church in Bangladesh is based in the [[Archdiocese of Dhaka]], with dioceses in [[Dinajpur]], [[Mymensingh]], [[Sylhet]] and [[Rajshahi]] and Archdiocese of Chittagong, with dioceses in Barisal and Khulna.<ref name="autogenerated368">World Christian Encyclopedia, Second edition, 2001 Volume 1, p. 368-371</ref>
*Province of Dhaka: [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Dhaka|Metropolitan Archdiocese of Dhaka]]
**[[Roman Catholic Diocese of Dinajpur|Diocese of Dinajpur]]
**[[Roman Catholic Diocese of Mymensingh|Diocese of Mymensingh]]
**[[Roman Catholic Diocese of Rajshahi|Diocese of Rajshahi]]
**[[Roman Catholic Diocese of Sylhet|Diocese of Sylhet]]
*Province of Chittagong: [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Chittagong|Metropolitan Archdiocese of Chittagong]]
**[[Roman Catholic Diocese of Barisal|Diocese of Barisal]]
**[[Roman Catholic Diocese of Khulna|Diocese of Khulna]]

The [[Roman Catholic Church]] in West Bengal is based in the [[Archdiocese of Calcutta]].
*Province of Calcutta: [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Calcutta|Metropolitan Archdiocese of Calcutta]]
**[[Roman Catholic Diocese of Asansol|Diocese of Asansol]]
**[[Roman Catholic Diocese of Bagdogra|Diocese of Bagdogra]]
**[[Roman Catholic Diocese of Baruipur|Diocese of Baruipur]]
**[[Roman Catholic Diocese of Darjeeling|Diocese of Darjeeling]]
**[[Roman Catholic Diocese of Jalpaiguri|Diocese of Jalpaiguri]]
**[[Roman Catholic Diocese of Krishnagar|Diocese of Krishnagar]]
**[[Roman Catholic Diocese of Raiganj|Diocese of Raiganj]]

===United Protestantism===
In the Indian subcontinent, various Protestant denominations merged to form [[United and uniting churches|United Protestant Churches]], such as the [[Church of North India]] and the [[Church of Bangladesh]].<ref name="WMC2020">{{cite web |title=Church of North India |date=9 November 2019 |url=https://worldmethodistcouncil.org/asia/name/india-church-of-north-india/ |publisher=[[World Methodist Council]] |accessdate=25 June 2020 |language=English |quote=The Church of North India is a united church which came into being as the result of a union of six churches on 29th November 1970. The six churches were: The Council of the Baptist Churches in Northern India, The Church of the Brethren in India; The Disciples of Christ; The Church of India (formerly known as the Church of India, Pakistan, Burma and Ceylon); The Methodist Church (British and Australian Conferences); The United Church of Northern India. ... The Church of North India is a full member of the World Council of Churches, the Christian Conference of Asia, the Council for World Mission, the Anglican Consultative Council, the World Methodist Council and the World Alliance of Reformed Churches.}}</ref><ref name="WCC-CNI">{{Cite web |title=Church of North India |work=World Council of Churches |date=n.d. |access-date=4 July 2019 |url= https://www.oikoumene.org/en/member-churches/church-of-north-india }}</ref><ref name="Ross2019">{{cite book |last1=Ross |first1=Kenneth R. |title=Christianity in South and Central Asia |date=14 March 2019 |publisher=Edinburgh University Press |isbn=978-1-4744-3984-8 |page=28 |language=en |quote=The Church of Bangladesh incorporates Anglican and Presbyterian traditions and plays an important role in enhancing the spiritual and socioeconomic life of Christian and non-Christian Bangladeshis.}}</ref>

[[Church of Bangladesh|Bangladesh]]:

[[St Thomas Church, Dhaka|St. Thomas Cathedral]] is the seat of the [[Church of Bangladesh Diocese of Dhaka|Metropolitan Diocese of Dhaka]] of [[Samuel Sunil Mankhin|Archbishop of Church of Bangladesh]]. There are three dioceses of the United Protestant [[Church of Bangladesh]]:

*[[Church of Bangladesh Diocese of Dhaka]]
*[[Church of Bangladesh Diocese of Kushtia]]
*[[Church of Bangladesh Diocese of Barisal]]

[[India]] ([[West Bengal]]):

[[St. Paul's Cathedral, Kolkata]] is the seat of the [[Diocese of Calcutta (Church of North India)|Diocese of Calcutta]] (1813) of the United Protestant [[Church of North India]] (CNI).

*Diocese of [[Barrackpore]]
*Diocese of [[Durgapur]]
*Diocese of [[Calcutta]]

===Other denominations===
Other denominations include:<ref name="autogenerated368"/>
*[[Assemblies of God in India]]
*[[India Pentecostal Church of God]]
*[[The Pentecostal Mission]]
*[[Armenian Apostolic Church]]
*[[Bengal Orissa Bihar Baptist Convention]]
*[[Brethren in Christ Church]]
*[[Church of God (Anderson, Indiana)|Church of God (Anderson)]]
*[[El Shaddai (movement)|El Shaddai]]
*[[New Life Fellowship Association]]
*[[Bangladesh Baptist Church Sangha (BBCS)]]
*[[Isa-e Church|Isa-e Church (Bangladesh)]]
*[[Bangladesh Evangelical Church (BEC)]]

==Demographics==
Bengali Christians are considered a [[model minority]] in [[South Asia]] and usually enjoy a high literacy rate, low male-female sex ratio and a better socio-economic status.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.medindia.net/news/indiaspecial/Indian-Christians-Treat-Their-Women-Better-Sex-Ratio-Highest-31076-1.htm|title=Indian Christians Treat Their Women Better, Sex Ratio Highest|date=25 December 2007|access-date=1 August 2015|archive-date=3 July 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170703004029/http://www.medindia.net/news/indiaspecial/Indian-Christians-Treat-Their-Women-Better-Sex-Ratio-Highest-31076-1.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> Christian missionaries operate many schools, hospitals and shelters for the poor. They receive support from the Indian and Bangladeshi governments.{{citation needed|date=April 2025}}

[[Dhaka]], [[Chittagong]], [[Barisal]], [[Khulna]] and Northern District Side have significant Christian populations.{{citation needed|date=April 2025}}

==Culture==

===Lusophone heritage===
Some Catholic Bengali Christians have Portuguese surnames. In a tradition similar to [[Bengali Muslims]] (who have Arabic and Persian names), Bengali Christians adopted Portuguese surnames due to the early influence of Portuguese missionaries in spreading Christianity. Common Catholic Bengali Christian surnames include Gomes, Rozario, D'Costa, Gonsalvez, Cruze, Dias, D'Silva and D'Souza among others.<ref>{{cite news |title=Você fala Bangla? |url=http://www.dhakatribune.com/feature/2014/jan/25/voc%25C3%25AA-fala-bangla |work=Dhaka Tribune |date=25 January 2014 |access-date=4 August 2015 |archive-date=21 June 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150621082706/http://www.dhakatribune.com/feature/2014/jan/25/voc%25C3%25AA-fala-bangla |url-status=live }}</ref>

[[Christmas]] is known as "[[Boro Din]]" (Big Day) and is a [[public holiday]] in both [[Bangladesh]] and Indian [[West Bengal]].

==Notable Bengali Christians==
{{BLP unreferenced section|date=September 2021}}

*[[Aurobindo Nath Mukherjee]]
*[[Krishna Mohan Banerjee]], Educationist, linguist and Bengali Christian missionary, First President of the Bengal Christian Association.
*[[Lal Behari Dey]], Bengali Christian Missionary, writer and journalist
*[[Ram Chandra Bose]], Educator, evangelist, and writer.
*[[Kali Charan Chatterjee]], Bengali Christian Missionary and first moderator of the Presbyterian Church in India.
*[[Kali Charan Banerjee]], Lawyer, Indian independence movement activist and founding member of the Indian National Congress.
*
*[[Brahmabandhav Upadhyay]], Bengali theologian, journalist and freedom fighter in the Indian independence movement
*[[Lolita Roy]], social reformer and suffragist in the British suffragist movement

===Religious leaders===

*Rev. [[Nirod Biswas]], first Indian Anglican Bishop of Assam
*Cardinal [[Patrick D'Rozario]]
*[[Michael Rosario]], [[Archbishop]]
*Rt. Rev [[Shourabh Pholia]], Bishop of Barishal Diocese
*[[Theotonius Amal Ganguly]], former Bishop of Dhaka

===Freedom Fighters===
*[[Kali Charan Banerjee]]

===Arts===
*[[Michael Madhusudan Dutt]], 19th century poet and playwright
*[[Toru Dutt]], poet
*[[Badal Sarkar|Badal Sircar]], noted Bengali playwright and dramatist.
*[[Samar Das]], musician
*[[Debabrata Biswas]], musician
*[[Andrew Kishore]], Bangladeshi playback singer
*[[Robin Ghosh]], Bangladeshi playback singer and film music composer
*[[Tony Dias]], Bangladeshi television actor and director
*[[Artcell|George Lincoln D'Costa]], Bangladeshi Metal Singer

===Industry===
*[[Samson Chowdhury]], founder of [[Square Pharmaceuticals]], [[Bangladesh]]
*[[Tapan Chowdhury (businessman)|Tapan Chowdhury]], [[Bangladesh]]
*[[Anjan Chowdhury]], [[Bangladesh]]

===Scholars===
*[[Chandramukhi Basu]], first female graduate of [[British India]]
*[[Radhanath Sikdar]], Indian mathematician
*[[Ashis Nandy]], Indian sociologist
*[[Sukumari Bhattacharji]], Indologist

===Educators===
*[[Mona Hensman]], née Mitter, former principal, [[Ethiraj College for Women]], [[Chennai]]
*[[Surendra Kumar Datta]], former principal, [[Forman Christian College]], [[Lahore]], [[Pakistan]].
*[[S. K. Rudra]], first [[Indian people|Indian]] principal of [[St. Stephen's College, Delhi|St. Stephen's College]], [[Delhi]]

===Politicians===

*[[Harendra Coomar Mookerjee]], first Governor of West Bengal and member of constituent assembly.
*[[Hubert Costa]], Bangladeshi-Polish Member of Parliament
*[[Promode Mankin]], first Catholic and first member of the country's among Christian community to become a government minister in Bangladesh (as a member of the [[Bangladesh Awami League]]) and formerly representing [[Mymensingh-1]] (constituency) (whom his son became his successor).
*[[Jewel Areng]], son of [[Promode Mankin]]. He is the youngest member of parliament (as a member of the [[Bangladesh Awami League]]) and the only Catholic, currently representing [[Mymensingh-1]] (constituency) (whom his father was also his predecessor).
*[[Gloria Jharna Sarker]], Bangladesh's first Christian Woman MP (2019)[http://www.asianews.it/news-en/Bangladesh’s-first-Catholic-woman-MP-dedicates-her-victory-to-all-Christians-46249.html]

===Bangladesh Army===
*[[Brigadier]] [[John Gomes (officer)|John Gomes]]

===Indian Defence Services===
*[[Lionel Protip Sen]], [[General]] in the [[Indian Army]]

===Sports===
*[[Sudhir Kumar Chatterjee]], Indian footballer
*[[Paresh Lal Roy]], Indian boxer
*[[Hemanta Vincent Biswas]], Bangladesh national team footballer

==See also==
*[[Christianity in Bangladesh]]
*[[Christianity in West Bengal]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Christianity in India by region}}
{{Churches in India}}
{{Christianity footer}}

[[Category:Bengali Christians]]
[[Category:Christian communities of India]]
[[Category:Christianity in Bangladesh]]
[[Category:Ethnoreligious groups in India]]
[[Category:Social groups of West Bengal]]
[[Category:Social groups of Bangladesh]]
[[Category:Christian ethnoreligious groups]]

Birla Vishvakarma Mahavidyalaya

2026-03-26T07:25:09Z

WilfredBirmingha: formatting fix

{{Short description|Engineering Institution in Gujarat, India}}
{{Infobox university
| name = Birla Vishvakarma Mahavidyalaya
| image_name = Birla Vishvakarma Mahavidyalaya logo.png
| motto = Work is Worship
| established = 1948
| type = Grant in Aid + Private
| principal = Indrajit Patel
| address = [[Vallabh Vidyanagar]]
| city = Anand
| state = [[Gujarat]]
| country = India
| academic_affiliation = [[Gujarat Technological University]]
| campus = 12 acres<ref name="about bvm" />
| website = {{URL|http://www.bvmengineering.ac.in}}
| chairman = Er. B. B. Patel
}}
'''Birla Vishvakarma Mahavidyalaya''' ('''BVM''') is a Grant-In Aid + Private engineering college in [[Vallabh Vidyanagar, Gujarat]], India. It is affiliated to [[Gujarat Technological University]]. Managed by Charutar Vidya Mandal,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ecvm.net/|title=Welcome to Charutar Vidyamandal|first=Charutar Vidya|last=Mandal|work=ecvm.net}}</ref> BVM offers graduate, postgraduate and doctoral programmes in engineering.

==History==
Birla Vishvakarma Mahavidyalaya Engineering College was established in 1948 from donations made by the Birla Education Trust on the behest of Sardar [[Vallabhbhai Patel]], the first Home Minister of independent India. The college was inaugurated by Lord [[Mountbatten]], the [[Governor General of India]] on 14 June 1948, and rose to prominence under the stewardship of Prof. Junnarkar and Prof. K. M. Dholakia.<ref>[https://www.gtu.ac.in/uploads/STTP_MachineLearning_Brochure_.pdf Registration Form GTU]</ref> It was one of the first few colleges in India that adopted the progressive credit system of relative grading in India. Also the college was first engineering college of state of Gujarat.The college has awarded degrees to over 20,000 graduates.<ref name="about bvm">{{citation |title=About charottar |url=https://www.bvmengineering.ac.in/comman_page1.aspx?page_id=2}}</ref>
ND Bhatt - author of books for Engineering Drawing was a faculty of this college. Dr. N C Pandya and Dr. C S Shah who have authored multiple books were Professors of Mechanical Engineering Department

==University affiliations==
* [[Bombay University]]: June 1948– May 1951
* [[Gujarat University]]: June 1951– May 1957
* [[Sardar Patel University]]: June 1957– June 2008
* [[Gujarat Technological University]]: June 2008 - June 2015
* From 2015 onwards it has been granted autonomy. Now it is an autonomous institution.<ref name="about bvm" />

==Academics==
The institution offers engineering courses approved by the [[AICTE]], for [[undergraduate]] students to [[doctoral]] scholars full- and part-time.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bvmengineering.ac.in|title=BVM Engineering College|work=bvmengineering.ac.in}}</ref>

==Centre of excellence==
The college has center of excellence setup by SLS setup.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/education/news/sls-to-set-up-coe-at-bvm-engineering-college-in-vallabh-vidyanagar/articleshow/70781076.cms |title=COE}}</ref>

==Industry collaboration==
The college is recognized for testing of materials, BIS certifications, environmental auditing, calibration of electrical and electronics instruments and gadgets, mechanical laboratories, computer and it infrastructure.

==Admissions==
In addition to providing admissions to high school graduates from the state of Gujarat, the college offers admissions to students from other states as well, via a competitive entrance examination.

==Notable alumni==
* [[A. M. Naik]], Executive Chairman, [[Larsen & Toubro Limited]], awarded [[Padma Vibhushan]], India's second highest civilian award, on 26 January 2019<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.businesstoday.in/magazine/features/a.m.-naik-on-his-larsen-and-toubro-stint-and-future/story/14365.html |title=A.M. Naik: Why is this man splitting L&T? |date=17 April 2011 |access-date=25 April 2016}}</ref>
* Bhairav Trivedi (1983 Graduate)- CEO of CAB, England
* K C Vora (1983 Graduate) - Director Baja (SAE) India and ARAI.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

{{coord|22|33|8|N|72|55|25|E|display=title}}

[[Category:Educational institutions established in 1948]]
[[Category:Engineering colleges in Gujarat]]
[[Category:1948 establishments in Bombay State]]
[[Category:Education in Anand district]]

Hellaro

2026-03-15T19:26:00Z

WilfredBirmingha:

{{short description|2019 Indian Gujarati period film}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2019}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Hellaro
| image = Hellaro film poster.jpg
| caption = Official poster
| director = [[Abhishek Shah]]
| producer = Ashish Patel Nirav Patel Aayush Patel Abhishek Shah Mit Jani Prateek Gupta
| story = Abhishek Shah
| screenplay = Abhishek Shah Prateek Gupta [[Saumya Joshi]] {{small|(Dialogues & Lyrics)}}
| starring = {{plainlist|
*[[Bhakharwadi (TV series)|Jayesh More]]
*[[Shraddha Dangar]]
*[[Kaushambi Bhatt]]
* Brinda Trivedi
*Shachi Joshi
*[[Niilam Paanchal]]
*Tejal Panchasara
*Kishan Gadhavi
}}
| music = [[Mehul Surti]]
| cinematography = Tribhuvan Babu Sadineni
| editing = Prateek Gupta
| studio = Harfanmaula Films
| runtime = 121 minutes
| country = India
| language = Gujarati
| budget = {{estimation|{{INRconvert|2.5|c}}}}
| released = {{film date|df=y|2019|11|8}}
| based_on =
| distributor =
| gross = {{INRConvert|16|c}}<ref name="OI"/>
}}
'''''Hellaro''''' ({{Translation|The Outburst}}) is a 2019 Indian [[Gujarati cinema|Gujarati]] [[period drama]] film co-written and directed by [[Abhishek Shah]] and produced by Ashish Patel, Nirav Patel, Aayush Patel, Prateek Gupta, Mit Jani and Abhishek Shah under the banner of Saarthi Productions and Harfanmaula films. The film having ensemble cast of Jayesh More, [[Shraddha Dangar]], Brinda Trivedi Nayak, Shachi Joshi, [[Niilam Paanchal]], Tejal Panchasara and Kausambi Bhatt, marks the directorial debut of Abhishek Shah. The film revolves around a group of women living in the [[Rann of Kutch]] in the 1970s.

''Hellaro'' won the [[National Film Award for Best Feature Film]] at the [[66th National Film Awards]].<ref>{{cite news |author=Scroll Staff |title=National Awards: Aditya Dhar gets best director for ‘Uri’, Gujarati movie ‘Hellaro’ wins Best Film |url=https://scroll.in/latest/933356/national-awards-aditya-dhar-gets-best-director-for-uri-gujarati-movie-hellaro-wins-best-film |access-date=9 August 2019 |work=Scroll.in |date=9 August 2019}}</ref> It was officially selected as the opening film at Indian Panorama, at [[50th International Film Festival of India]] (IFFI).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.mid-day.com/articles/gujarati-film-hellaro-to-be-iffi-goa-opening-feature/21859186|title=Gujarati film Hellaro to be IFFI Goa opening feature|date=7 October 2019|website=mid-day}}</ref> It was also nominated for the best debut feature film of a director at the film festival.<ref name=":6">{{Cite web|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ani/indian-films-hellaro-uyare-to-vie-for-best-debut-feature-award-at-iffi-119102000171_1.html|title=Indian films 'Hellaro', 'Uyare' to vie for Best Debut Feature Award at IFFI|date=20 October 2019|via=Business Standard}}</ref><ref name=":7">{{Cite web|url=https://www.aninews.in/news/national/general-news/indian-films-hellaro-uyare-to-vie-for-best-debut-feature-award-at-iffi20191020112156/|title=Indian films 'Hellaro', 'Uyare' to vie for Best Debut Feature Award at IFFI|website=www.aninews.in}}</ref> The film was released in theatres in India on 8 November 2019 to positive reviews.

==Synopsis==
In 1975, a young girl named Manjhri is married off to a small village in the middle of nowhere in the [[Rann of Kutch]]. There has been no rain in the village for many years. The villagers believe it is a curse of the goddess because of a widow rup who was an embroider and tried to earn money and escaped with another villager. As an apology the men present a Gujarati folkdance garba to impress the goddess, but the women are not allowed to play garba. Every morning the women of the village go to a distant lake to fetch water, this is the only time when they are not suppressed but free. One day they come across an unconscious drummer and help him. In return, he plays his dhol and the women play garba for the first time. Since then, every day they fetch water and play garba. After some time the women convince him to ask the mukhya of their village for shelter and play dhol for navrati. Every day he plays garba for the women at the day and for the men at night. One day the women are caught playing garba and are beaten as a punishment. On the same night the women play garba in the village and it rains.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://ahmedabadmirror.indiatimes.com/ahmedabad/others/gujs-hellaro-is-nations-best/articleshow/70612256.cms|title=Guj’s ‘Hellaro’ is nation’s best|date=2018-08-10|website=Ahmedabad Mirror|access-date=2019-08-12}}</ref>

==Cast==
{{div col|colwidth=20em}}
* [[Shraddha Dangar]] as Manjhri
* Jayesh More as Mulji, a drummer
* Tejal Panchasara as Gomti
* Shailesh Prajapati as Mukhi
* Maulik Nayak as Bhaglo
* Aarjav Trivedi as Arjan
* Brinda Trivedi as Kesar
* Tarjanee Bhadla as Gauri
* [[Niilam Paanchal]] as Leela
* [[Kaushambi Bhatt]] as Champa
* Swati Dave
* [[Denisha Ghumra]] as Radha
* Aakash Zala as Joraavar
* Rajan Thakar
* Kishan Gadhvi
* Kamlesh Parmar
* Sachi Joshi
* Riddhi Yadav as Kanchan
* Jagruti Thakore
* Dhriti Patel as Reva
* Kamini Panchal
* Ekta Bachwani
* Parva Bhatt<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ahmedabad/hellaro-1st-gujarati-film-to-win-top-national-award/articleshow/70612338.cms|title=‘Hellaro’ 1st Gujarati film to win top national award|date=2019-08-10|website=The Times of India|access-date=2019-08-12}}</ref>
{{div col end}}

==Production==
The debut director and co-writer Abhishek Shah stated that the story was inspired from folklore of the Vrajvani village in Kutch and real-life instances of [[patriarchy]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/express-sunday-eye/dance-like-a-woman-gujarati-film-garba-hellaro-abhishek-shah-national-award-for-best-feature-film-iffi-goa-6107300/|title=The importance of Garba in National Award-winning Gujarati film Hellaro|date=2019-11-10|website=The Indian Express|language=en-IN|access-date=2019-11-18}}</ref><ref name=":4" /> Prateek Gupta co-wrote screenplay, edited, and co-produced the film while also serving as the Associate Director. Playwright and poet [[Saumya Joshi]] wrote lyrics, additional screenplay, and dialogues. [[Mehul Surti]] composed the music.<ref name=":0"/> Ashish Patel, Nirav Patel, Aayush Patel, Abhishek Shah, Mit Jani, and Prateek Gupta produced the film under the banner of Saarthi Productions and Harfanmaula films. Aayush Patel and Mit Jani helmed as creative and executive producers.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Authors |first=Various |date=2020-08-09 |title=14 Reasons To Watch Regional Gujarati Movie "Hellaro" |url=https://bingewatcher.in/gujarati-movie-hellaro-review/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210112035854/https://bingewatcher.in/gujarati-movie-hellaro-review/ |url-status=usurped |archive-date=12 January 2021 |access-date=2022-11-10 |website=Binge Watcher |language=en-US}}</ref>

A set of village with fifteen Bhunga (traditional houses), a town square and a temple was created in [[Rann of Kutch]] near Kuran village where the film was shot.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india-today-insight/story/how-a-little-known-gujarati-movie-won-the-best-feature-film-award-1580593-2019-08-14|title=How a little-known Gujarati movie won the best feature film award|last=Singh|first=Suhani|date=2019-08-14|website=India Today|access-date=2019-11-19}}</ref>

==Soundtrack==
{{Infobox album
| name = Hellaro
| type = soundtrack
| artist = [[Mehul Surti]]
| cover =
| alt =
| released = {{start date|2019|10|18|df=y}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.jiosaavn.com/album/hellaro/KKkVTfOKhfQ_|title=Hellaro|publisher=[[Saavn]]|access-date=13 November 2019|archive-date=13 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191113143054/https://www.jiosaavn.com/album/hellaro/KKkVTfOKhfQ_|url-status=dead}}</ref>
| recorded = 2018
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = [[Feature film soundtrack]]
| length = 18:44
| language = [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]]
| label = Saarthi Productions LLP
| producer =
| misc = {{External media
| audio1 = {{YouTube|qcl5Cn6R0wY|Official Audio Jukebox}}}}
}}

{{track listing
| headline = Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| total_length = 18:44
| all_music = Mehul Surti
| all_lyrics = [[Saumya Joshi]]
| title1 = Asvaar
| extra1 = [[Aishwarya Majmudar]], [[Mooralala Marwada]]
| length1 = 4:03
| title2 = Haiyaa
| extra2 = [[Shruti Pathak]], [[Aditya Gadhvi]] (Backing vocals)
| length2 = 5:01
| title3 = Sapna Vinani Raat
| extra3 = [[Aditya Gadhvi]]
| length3 = 5:30
| title4 = Vaagyo Re Dhol
| extra4 = [[Bhoomi Trivedi]]
| length4 = 4:10
| all_writing =
}}

==Release==
It was released in theatres on 8 November 2019.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india-today-insight/story/how-a-little-known-gujarati-movie-won-the-best-feature-film-award-1580593-2019-08-14|title=How a little-known Gujarati movie won the best feature film award|last=Singh|first=Suhani|date=2019-08-14|website=India Today|access-date=2019-08-15}}</ref> The film was released on [[video on demand]] service, [[MX Player]] on 4 April 2020.<ref>{{cite tweet|number=1246319593628372992|user=hellarothefilm|date=4 April 2020|title=BREAKING NEWS - The wait is over. HELLARO NOW STREAMING on MX PLAYER.}}</ref>

==Reception==

=== Critical response ===
The film received universal acclaim from critics. Abhimanyu Joshi of ''[[The Times of India]]'' rated it 4 out of 5. He praised the film's direction, story, screenplay, acting, cinematography, music, and choreography, further stating that the film justly deserves the National Award it received and fulfills expectations.<ref>{{Citation|title=Hellaro Movie Review: Hellaro, a celluloid celebration of breaking free|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/gujarati/movie-reviews/hellaro/movie-review/71971460.cms|access-date=2019-11-13}}</ref> Namrata Joshi writing for ''[[The Hindu]]'' praised the story, direction, production, and cinematography. She further added that the film "questions [[patriarchy]] while celebrating the colours and culture of Gujarat".<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/hellaro-movie-review-of-song-and-dance-leading-to-flight-and-freedom/article29951712.ece|title=‘Hellaro’ movie review: Of song and dance leading to flight and freedom|last=Joshi|first=Namrata|date=2019-11-12|work=The Hindu|access-date=2019-11-13|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X}}</ref> Jigar Ganatra of Mumbai Live called it "masterpiece" and rated 4.5 out of 5.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.mumbailive.com/en/entertainment/hellaro-movie-review-gujarati-film-national-award-2019-by-abhishek-shah-on-garba-in-kutch-41607|title=Hellaro Movie Review: Hellaro is a 'masterpiece' from debutant director Abhishek Shah|website=Mumbai Live|language=en|access-date=2019-11-13}}</ref> ''Parsi Times'' rated it 3.5 out of 5.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://parsi-times.com/2019/11/film-review-hellaro/|title=Film Review: Hellaro|last=Katrak|first=Hoshang K.|date=2019-11-09|website=Parsi Times|language=en-GB|access-date=2019-11-13}}</ref> Delnaz Divecha writing for BookMyShow noted that the film's presentation of the subjects of [[patriarchy]], [[casteism]], and [[superstition]] connects the audience, and further praised the film's performances and choreography. She also pointed that "some customs may seem outdated but still happen to be the reality of many rural women".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/entertainment/movies/reviews/gujrati-reviews/hellaro-film-review-national-award/|title=[Review] Hellaro Beautifully Explores The Idea of Freedom Through Dance|last=Divecha|first=Delnaz|date=2019-11-09|website=BookMyShow|language=en-US|access-date=2019-11-13}}</ref> Jinal Bhatt of Mashable India rated it 4.5 out of 5.<ref name=":5">{{Cite web|url=https://in.mashable.com/entertainment/8612/hellaro-review-a-powerful-journey-from-suppression-to-expression-stomping-patriarchy-on-the-way|title=Hellaro Review: A Powerful Journey From Suppression To Expression, Stomping Patriarchy On The Way|last=Bhatt|first=Jinal|date=2019-11-18|website=Mashable India|access-date=2019-11-19}}</ref>

Ramesh Tanna of ''[[Kutchmitra]]'' praised the film for its direction, acting, and cinematography, calling it a "must-watch" but criticised the false subject of opposition to [[Garba (dance)|garba]] and [[Kutch Embroidery|embroidery]] work, some characterisations, and the lack of [[Kutchi language]] in a film set in Kutch. He also questioned the relevance of the film's subject in contemporary times and pointed to the inaccurate representation of Kutch's local culture and the 1970s.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web|url=https://www.facebook.com/ramesh.tanna.5/posts/10156947150392893|title=Ramesh Tanna|website=www.facebook.com|language=en|access-date=2019-11-13}}</ref>

=== Box office ===
The film had grossed over {{INRConvert|15|c}} in the box office.<ref name="OI">{{Cite web|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/film-awards-and-rewards-column-btown/1711984|title=Film awards and rewards (Column: B-Town)|date=2020-02-19|website=Outlook|access-date=2020-02-05|agency=IANS}}</ref><ref name="BMS">{{Cite web|url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/movies/box-office/hellaro-box-office-collections/EG00090151|title=Hellaro Collections|website=in.bookmyshow.com|access-date=2019-11-13}}</ref> The film had grossed over $1,41,304 ({{INR|1 crore}}) in overseas market.<ref name="numb2">{{Cite web|url=https://www.the-numbers.com/movie/Hellaro-(India)/United-Kingdom|title=Hellaro - Financial Information|website=The Numbers|access-date=2020-01-18}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/title/tt10469118/credits/?ref_=bo_tt_tab|title=Hellaro|website=Box Office Mojo|access-date=2020-01-18}}</ref>

===Controversy===
A police complaint under [[Scheduled Caste and Scheduled Tribe (Prevention of Atrocities) Act, 1989|Atrocities Act]] was filed against the film's producer, director, and writer for use of term [[Harijan]] in the film's dialogue. According to the complaint Jamnaben Vegda, the term is considered derogatory by the [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|Scheduled Caste]] people.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/fir-against-makers-of-national-award-film-hellaro/article29959036.ece|title=FIR against makers of national award film ‘Hellaro’|date=2019-11-13|work=The Hindu|access-date=2019-11-13|agency=PTI|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

==Accolades==

''Hellaro'' was selected as the opening film at the Indian Panorama during the 50th [[International Film Festival of India]] (IFFI), held in November 2019 in [[Goa]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://iffigoa.org/opening-film-indian-panorama-2019/|title=Regional Films ‘Hellaro’ & ‘Nooreh’ to open Indian Panorama at IFFI 2019|date=2019-10-06|website=IFFI Goa|language=en-US|access-date=2019-11-19|archive-date=6 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191206133244/https://iffigoa.org/opening-film-indian-panorama-2019/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=":5" /> where it won a special mention from jury for its "incredible music, colour and choreography."<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.jagranjosh.com/current-affairs/iffi-2019-full-list-of-winners-particles-best-film-lijo-jose-pellissery-best-director-award-1575006078-1|title=IFFI 2019: Full list of winners; Particles wins Best Film, Lijo Jose Pellissery wins Best Director award
|date=29 November 2019}}</ref> It is also nominated for the best debut feature film of a director at the film festival.<ref name=":6" /><ref name=":7" /> It was also screened at the 19th River-to-River Florence Indian Film Festival held in Italy in December 2019. Apart from this Hellaro premiered at numerous Film Festivals like Dhaka International Film Festive 2020, International Film Festival of Bhuvneshwar 2020, and Aurangabad International Film Festival 2020.

''Hellaro'' won the [[National Film Award for Best Feature Film]] at the [[66th National Film Awards]]. The thirteen female actresses also won the Special Jury Award for their performances. It was the first Gujarati film to win the National Film Award for Best Feature Film.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":0" />

{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Award
! Category
! Recipient(s) and nominee(s)
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Result
|-
| rowspan = 2 | [[66th National Film Awards]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/gujarati/movies/news/gujarati-film-hellaro-to-be-screened-in-delhi/articleshow/73609363.cms|title=Gujarati film 'Hellaro' to be screened in Delhi|date=2020-01-25|website=The Times of India|language=en|access-date=2020-02-05}}</ref>
| [[National Film Award for Best Feature Film|Best Feature Film]]
| Producer: Saarthi Productions LLP
Director: Abhishek Shah
| {{won}}
|-
| [[National Film Award – Special Jury Award (Feature film)|Special Jury Award]]
| [[Shraddha Dangar]], Shachi Joshi, [[Denisha Ghumra]], Neelam Paanchal, Tarjanee Bhadla, Brinda Nayak, Tejal Panchasara, [[Kaushambi Bhatt]], Ekta Bachwani, Kamini Panchal, Jagruti Thakore, Riddhi Yadav, and Prapti Mehta
| {{won}}
|-
|FIPRESCI India Grand Prix 2019
|Best Feature Film
|Hellaro
| {{Won}}
|-
| rowspan = 5 | Critics Choice Film Awards 2020<ref>{{cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/critics-choice-film-awards-2020-complete-winners-list-6336210/|title=Critics’ Choice Film Awards 2020: Complete winners list|date=28 March 2020}}</ref>
| Best Film (Gujarati)
| ''Hellaro''
| {{won}}
|-
| Best Actor (Gujarati)
| Jayesh More
| {{won}}
|-
| Best Actress (Gujarati)
| [[Shraddha Dangar]]
| {{nom}}
|-
| Best Director (Gujarati)
| Abhishek Shah
| {{won}}
|-
| Best Writing (Gujarati)
| Abhishek Shah, Prateek Gupta, Saumya Joshi
| {{won}}
|-
|IFFI Goa 2019
|Special Mention
|''Hellaro''
| {{Won}}
|-
|19th River to River Florence
Indian Film Festival, Italy
|Audience Choice Best Film
|''Hellaro''
| {{Won}}
|-
|6th Rajasthan International Film Festival (RIFF)
|Best Director
(Regional Film)
|Abhishek Shah
| {{Won}}
|}

==See also==
* [[List of Gujarati films of 2019]]
* [[List of highest-grossing Indian films#Gujarati|List of highest-grossing Gujarati films]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links==
* {{IMDb title}}

{{National Film Award Best Feature Film}}
{{IFFI Silver Peacock - Special Jury Award and Special Mention|state=collapsed}}

[[Category:2019 films]]
[[Category:Films set in Gujarat]]
[[Category:Films shot in Gujarat]]
[[Category:Best Feature Film National Film Award winners]]
[[Category:Special Jury Award (feature film) National Film Award winners]]
[[Category:Indian historical films]]
[[Category:2019 directorial debut films]]
[[Category:2010s Gujarati-language films]]
[[Category:2019 drama films]]

Ujjain

2026-03-14T09:07:38Z

WilfredBirmingha: update formatting for consistency and improved wording

{{About|the municipality in Madhya Pradesh, India|its namesake district|Ujjain District}}
{{pp-extended|small=yes}}
{{pp-move|small=yes}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2025}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Ujjain
| other_name = Ujjayini / Avantikā
| settlement_type = Metropolitan city
| image_skyline = {{Multiple image
| border = infobox
| total_width = 295
| image_style =
| perrow = 1/2
| caption_align = center
| image1 = Ram chat.JPG
| caption1 = Ram Ghat
| image2 =Mahakaleshwar Temple, Ujjain.jpg
| caption2 = [[Mahakaleshwar Temple]]
| image3 = UjjainTower.jpg
| caption3 = Tower Chowk
|image4 = Shipra River, Ujjain.jpg
| caption4 = Shipra River
|image5 = Kal Bhairav Ujjain - Deepmalika.jpg
| caption5 = Deepmalika}}
| image_caption =
| nickname =
| map_alt =
| map_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Madhya Pradesh#India
| pushpin_relief =
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in India
| coordinates = {{Coord|23.17|N|75.79|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = {{Flagicon image|Emblem of Madhya Pradesh.svg|Emblem of Madhya Pradesh}} [[Madhya Pradesh]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of regions of India|Region]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Malwa]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[Ujjain district|Ujjain]]
| subdivision_type5 = Ward
| subdivision_name5 = 54 Wards<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://localbodydata.com/municipal-corporations-ujjain-250851 | title=Ujjain Municipal Corporations | access-date=10 December 2024 | archive-date=31 January 2025 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250131031458/https://localbodydata.com/municipal-corporations-ujjain-250851 | url-status=dead }}</ref>
| established_title = Urbanised
| established_date = c. 700 BCE
| named_for =
| government_type = Municipal corporation
| governing_body = [[Ujjain Municipal Corporation]]
| leader_title = Mayor
| leader_name = Jayti Singh
| leader_party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
| leader_title1 = MP
| leader_name1 = [[Anil Firojiya]], [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
| leader_title2 = [[Municipal Commissioner (India)|Municipal Commissioner]]
| leader_name2 = Shri Ashish Singh, IAS
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes = <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://nagarnigamujjain.org/english/aboutus.html|title=Ujjain City|access-date=21 November 2020|archive-date=26 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211026084942/http://nagarnigamujjain.org/english/aboutus.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=census>{{Cite web|title=District Census Handbook - Ujjain|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/2318_PART_B_DCHB_UJJAIN.pdf|website=Census of India|access-date=6 December 2015|page=12,22|archive-date=25 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151125210741/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/2318_PART_B_DCHB_UJJAIN.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref>
| area_rank = 5th in M.P.
| area_total_km2 = 151.83
| area_metro_km2 = 745
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 494
| population_total = 515215<ref name="2011 table 2" />
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank = 5th in M.P.
| population_density_km2 =
| population_density_sq_mi = 8800
| population_metro = 885566
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi language|Hindi]]
| demographics1_title2 = Other
| demographics1_info2 = [[Malvi language|Malvi]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 456001, 456003, 456006, 456010, 456661, 456664.456668
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| area_code = 0734
| registration_plate = MP-13
| blank1_name_sec1 = [[Climate of India|Climate]]
| blank1_info_sec1 = [[Climatic regions of India|Cwa]] ([[Köppen climate classification|Köppen]])
| blank2_name_sec1 = [[Precipitation (meteorology)|Precipitation]]
| blank2_info_sec1 = {{Convert|900|mm|in}}
| blank3_name_sec1 = Avg. annual temperature
| blank3_info_sec1 = {{Convert|24.0|°C|°F}}
| blank4_name_sec1 = Avg. summer temperature
| blank4_info_sec1 = {{Convert|31|°C|°F}}
| blank5_name_sec1 = Avg. winter temperature
| blank5_info_sec1 = {{Convert|17|°C|°F}}
| website = {{URL|https://ujjain.nic.in}}
| footnotes =
| official_name =
}}

'''Ujjain''' ({{IPAc-en|u:|ˈ|dʒ|eɪ|n|}}, {{IPA|hi|ʊ̯d͡ːʑæn|audio=Ujjain.ogg}}, {{IPA|hi|əʋən̪t̪ɪkaː|}}), also known as '''Ujjayini''', is a city in [[Ujjain district]] of the [[States and territories of India|Indian state]] of [[Madhya Pradesh]]. It is the fifth-largest city in Madhya Pradesh by population and is the [[public administration|administrative]] as well as religious centre of Ujjain district and [[Ujjain division]].<ref name=census /> It is one of the Hindu pilgrimage centres of [[Sapta Puri]] famous for the ''[[Kumbh Mela]]'' [[Ujjain Simhastha|(Simhastha)]] held there every 12 years.<ref name=Simhasth>{{cite news |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-news-india/ujjain-simhastha-humbh-mela-ends-kshipra-river-2812330/ |title=Ujjain: As Kumbh draws to a close, devotees throng Kshipra for 'shahi snan' |date=21 May 2016 |publisher=Indian Express }}</ref> The ancient and world famous temple of [[Mahakaleshwar Jyotirlinga]] is located in the center of the city. The city has been one of the most prominent trade and political centres of the [[Indian subcontinent]] from the time of the ancient [[Mahajanapadas|Mahājanapadas]] until the British colonisation of India.

An ancient city situated on the eastern bank of the [[Shipra River]], then known as '''Avantika,'''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Culture & Heritage {{!}} District Ujjain, Government of Madhya Pradesh {{!}} India |url=https://ujjain.nic.in/en/culture-heritage/ |access-date=27 December 2022 |language=en-US}}</ref> it was the most prominent city on the [[Malwa]] plateau of [[central India]] for much of its history. It emerged as the political centre of central India around 600 BCE. It was the capital of the ancient [[Avanti (India)|Avanti]] kingdom, one of the sixteen Mahājanapadas. During the 18th century, the city briefly became the capital of the [[Scindia Dynasty|Scindia state]] of the [[Maratha Confederacy]], when [[Ranoji Scindia]] established his capital at Ujjain in 1731. It remained an important political, commercial, and cultural centre of [[Central India]] until the early 19th century, when the [[British Raj|British]] administrators decided to develop [[Indore]] as an alternative to it. Ujjain continues to be an important place of pilgrimage for [[Shaivism|Shaivite]]s, [[Vaishnavism|Vaishnavite]]s and [[Shaktism|Shaktas]].<ref>{{cite book |title=Pilgrimage in the Hindu Tradition: Salvific Space |first=Knut A. |last=Jacobsen |publisher=Routledge |year=2013 |isbn=978-0-41559-038-9 |page=128 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Kn6_3oBFAqIC&pg=PA128}}</ref><ref name="sahaja">[http://sahajaharidwar.tripod.com/About_Haridwar.html About Haridwar] sahajaharidwar.</ref> Bathing in the holy Shipra river of Ujjain liberates one from sins. Therefore, Ujjain is also called the 'Mokshadayini city'. The name of this river is taken among the holy rivers like [[Kaveri]], [[Narmada River|Narmada]], [[Godavari River|Godavari]] and [[Krishna River|Krishna]].

According to Puranic legend, Ujjain, along with [[Haridwar]], [[Nashik]], and [[Allahabad|Prayag]], is one of four sites where drops of ''[[amrita]]'',<ref>{{Cite web |date=4 February 2021 |title=इस पौराणिक कथा से जानिए क्यों लगता है कुंभ का मेला? – mobile |url=https://www.punjabkesari.in/dharm/news/kumbh-mela-story-related-samudra-manthan-1326800 |access-date=13 November 2021 |website=punjabkesari}}</ref> the elixir of immortality, accidentally spilled over from a ''[[kumbha]]'' (pitcher) while being carried by the celestial bird [[Garuda]] during the ''[[Samudra manthan|Samudra Manthana]]'', or the churning of the ocean of milk.

Ujjain has been selected as one of the hundred Indian cities to be developed as a [[smart city]] under Prime Minister [[Narendra Modi]]'s flagship [[Smart Cities Mission]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.firstpost.com/business/why-only-98-cities-instead-of-100-announced-all-questions-answered-about-smart-cities-project-2410576.html|title = Only 98 cities instead of 100 announced: All questions answered about the smart cities project| work=Firstpost |date = 28 August 2015}}</ref>

==History==

=== Prehistoric era ===

Excavations at [[Kaytha|Kayatha]] (around 26 km from Ujjain) have revealed [[Chalcolithic]] agricultural settlements dating to around 2000 BCE.<ref name="PKB_2012">{{cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/citycountryinear0000basa |url-access=registration |title=The City and the Country in Early India: A Study of Malwa |author=P. K. Basant |publisher=Primus |year=2012 |isbn=9789380607153 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/citycountryinear0000basa/page/78 78]–81 }}</ref> Chalcolithic sites have also been discovered at other areas around Ujjain, including [[Nagda]], but excavations at Ujjain itself have not revealed any Chalcolithic settlements. Archaeologist [[Hasmukh Dhirajlal Sankalia|H. D. Sankalia]] theorised that the Chalcolithic settlements at Ujjain were probably destroyed by the [[Iron Age]] settlers.{{sfn|Pranab Kumar Bhattacharyya|1977|pp=1-2}}

According to [[Hermann Kulke]] and [[Dietmar Rothermund]], [[Avanti (India)|Avanti]], whose capital was Ujjain, "was one of the earliest outposts in central India" and showed signs of early incipient urbanisation around 700 BCE.<ref>{{cite book |title=A History of India |first1=Hermann |last1=Kulke |first2=Dietmar |last2=Rothermund |publisher=Psychology Press |year=2004 |isbn=978-0-41532-920-0 |author-link1=Hermann Kulke |author-link2=Dietmar Rothermund |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RoW9GuFJ9GIC&pg=PA50 |pages=50–51}}</ref> Around 600 BCE, Ujjain emerged as the political, commercial, and cultural centre of [[Malwa]] plateau.<ref name="Trudy_2012">{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=voerPYsAB5wC&pg=PA835 |title=Asia and Oceania: International Dictionary of Historic Places |pages=835–837 |editor1=Trudy Ring |editor2=Noelle Watson |editor3=Paul Schellinger |publisher=Routledge |year=2012 |isbn=9781136639791 }}</ref>

The ancient walled city of Ujjain was located around the Garh Kalika hill on the bank of the river Kshipra, in the present-day suburban areas of the Ujjain city. This city covered an irregular pentagonal area of 0.875 km2. It was surrounded by a 12 m high mud [[rampart (fortification)|rampart]]. The archaeological investigations have also indicated the presence of a 45 meter wide and 6.6 m deep [[moat]] around the city.<ref name="DS_2014">{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nVeWBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA22 |title=Fortified Cities of Ancient India: A Comparative Study |author=Dieter Schlingloff |publisher=Anthem |year=2014 |isbn=9781783083497 |pages=21–22 }}</ref> According to [[Raymond Allchin|F. R. Allchin]] and George Erdosy, these city defences were constructed between the 6th and 4th centuries BCE.<ref name="FRA_GE_1995"/> Dieter Schlingloff believes that these were built before 600 BCE.<ref name="DS_2014"/> This period is characterised by structures made of stone and burnt-brick, tools and weapons made of iron, and black and red [[burnishing (metal)|burnished]] ware.<ref name="FRA_GE_1995">{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Q5kI02_zW70C&pg=PA135 |title=The Archaeology of Early Historic South Asia: The Emergence of Cities and States |author=[[Raymond Allchin|F. R. Allchin]] and George Erdosy |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=1995 |isbn=9780521376952 |pages=134–136 }}</ref>

According to the [[Puranas|Puranic texts]], a branch of the legendary [[Haihayas|Haihaya dynasty]] ruled over Ujjain.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_3O7q7cU7k0C&pg=PA90 |title=Malwa Through the Ages, from the Earliest Times to 1305 A.D |author=Kailash Chand Jain |publisher=Motilal Banarsidass |year=1972 |isbn=9788120808249 |page=90 }}</ref>

=== Ancient period ===
[[File:Mahavir Tapo Bhumi.jpg|thumb|The Mahavira ''Tapo Bhumi'']]

In the 4th century BCE, the [[Maurya Empire|Mauryan]] emperor [[Chandragupta Maurya|Chandragupta]] annexed Avanti to his empire.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Avanti-ancient-kingdom-India|title=Avanti | Gupta Dynasty, Ujjain & Malwa | Britannica|website=www.britannica.com}}</ref> [[Maurya Empire|Mauryan]] founded the City of Ujjain. The edicts of his grandson [[Ashoka]] mention four provinces of the Mauryan empire, of which Ujjain was the capital of the Western province.<ref>{{cite book |author=Abraham Eraly |title=Gem In The Lotus |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YokatCwNG90C&pg=PT494 |date=23 January 2002 |publisher=Penguin |isbn=978-93-5118-014-2 |page=494 }}</ref> During the reign of his father [[Bindusara]], Ashoka served as the [[viceroy]] of Ujjain,<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-HeJS3nE9cAC&pg=PA152 |title=The Greeks in Bactria and India |author=[[William Woodthorpe Tarn]] |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=2010 |isbn=9781108009416 |page=152 }}</ref> which highlights the importance of the town.<ref name="Trudy_2012"/> As the viceroy of Ujjain, Ashoka married Devi, the daughter of a merchant from Vedisagiri ([[Vidisha]]).<ref>{{cite book |author=Mookerji Radhakumud |title=Asoka |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uXyftdtE1ygC&pg=PA8 |year=1962 |publisher=Motilal Banarsidass |isbn=978-81-208-0582-8 |page=8 }}</ref> According to the Sinhalese Buddhist tradition, their children, [[Mahinda (Buddhist monk)|Mahendra]] and [[Sanghamitra]], who preached Buddhism in modern Sri Lanka, were born in Ujjain.<ref name="Schlichtmann2016">{{cite book |author=Klaus Schlichtmann |title=A Peace History of India: From Ashoka Maurya to Mahatma Gandhi |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1UYKDQAAQBAJ&pg=PT26 |year=2016 |publisher=Vij Books |isbn=978-93-85563-52-2 |page=26 }}</ref>

From the Mauryan period, [[Northern Black Polished Ware]], copper coins, [[terracotta]] ring wells, and ivory seals with [[Brahmi script|Brahmi]] text have been excavated at Ujjain.<ref name="FRA_GE_1995"/> Ujjain emerged as an important commercial centre, partially because it lay on the trade route connecting north India to the Deccan, starting from Mathura. It also emerged as an important center for intellectual learning among [[Jain]], Buddhist, and Hindu traditions.<ref name="Trudy_2012"/>

In the Post-Mauryan period, the [[Sungas]] and the [[Satavahanas]] ruled the city consecutively. The Satavahanas and the [[Ror]] [[Sakas]], known as [[Western Satraps]], contested for control of the city for a period. Following the end of the Satavahana dynasty, the Rors retained Ujjain from the second to the twelfth century C.E.<ref>{{cite web
|url=https://ujjain.dcourts.gov.in/about-department/history/
|title=History of Ujjain
|website=Ujjain District Court
|date=4 September 2024
|access-date=4 September 2024
|archive-date=4 September 2024
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240904093344/https://ujjain.dcourts.gov.in/about-department/history/
|url-status=dead
}}</ref>
After the Mauryans, Ujjain was controlled by a number of empires and dynasties, including local dynasties, the [[Shunga dynasty|Shungas]], the [[Western Satraps]], the [[Satavahana]]s, and the [[Gupta Empire|Guptas]].<ref name="Trudy_2012"/>

Ujjain remained as an important city of the Guptas during the 4th and the 5th centuries. [[Kalidasa]], the great Indian classical poet of the 5th century who lived in the times of the Gupta king [[Chandragupta II|Vikramaditya]] wrote his epic work ''[[Meghadūta]]'' in which he describes the richness of Ujjain and its people.<ref>{{cite journal|title=Ujjain, a brilliant sliver of heaven on earth|journal=Tattvaloka|date=September 2018|volume=XLI|issue=6|publisher=Sri Abhinava Vidyatheertha Mahaswamigal Educational Trust|location=[[Sringeri]]|issn=0970-8901|last=Subramani|first=Dr.Vijaya|pages=40–3}}</ref> In the 6th century CE the Chinese pilgrim [[Xuanzang]] visited India. He describes the ruler of Avanti as a king who was generous to the poor and presented them with gifts.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Wk4_ICH_g1EC&q=hiuen+tsang+at+prayag&pg=PA255|title=Ancient Indian History and Civilization|last=Sen|first=Sailendra Nath|date=1999|publisher=New Age International|isbn=9788122411980|language=en}}</ref>

[[File:Shri Mahakaleshwar Temple Ujjain - panoramio (4).jpg|thumb|left|The famed historical [[Mahakaleshwar Jyotirlinga]] temple is in Ujjain]]

[[Bhartṛhari]] is said to have written his great epics, Virat Katha, Neeti Sataka, the love story of Pradyot Princess Vasavadatta and Udayan in Ujjayini, as the city was called during his times. The writings of [[Bhasa]] are set in Ujjain, and he probably lived in the city.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/cambridgeguideto0000banh |url-access=registration |title=The Cambridge Guide to Theatre |author=Martin Banham |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=1995 |isbn=9780521434379 |page=[https://archive.org/details/cambridgeguideto0000banh/page/103 103] }}</ref> [[Kalidasa]] also refers to Ujjain multiple times, and it appears that he spent at least a part of his life in Ujjain.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=exDCAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA8 |title=Translations of Shakuntala: And Other Works |author=[[Arthur W. Ryder]] |publisher=The Floating Press |year=2014 |isbn=9781776535132 }}</ref> ''[[Mrichchhakatika]]'' by [[Shudraka]] is also set in Ujjain.<ref name="FPR_1993">{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OroCOEqkVg4C&pg=PA55 |title=Indian Theatre: Traditions of Performance |author=Farley P. Richmond |publisher=Motilal Banarsidass |year=1993 |isbn=9788120809819 |pages=55–57 }}</ref> Ujjain also appears in several stories as the capital of the legendary emperor [[Vikramaditya]] of the [[Paramara dynasty|Parmar dynasty]]. Somadeva's ''[[Kathasaritsagara]]'' (11th century) mentions that the city was created by [[Vishvakarman|Vishwakarma]], and describes it as invincible, prosperous and full of wonderful sights.<ref>{{cite book |chapter-url=https://archive.org/stream/oceanofstorybein09somauoft#page/n34/mode/2up |title=The ocean of story |volume=IX |editor = [[Norman Mosley Penzer|N. M. Penzer]] |translator=[[Charles Henry Tawney|C. H. Tawney]] |publisher=Chas J. Sawyer |year=1924 |chapter=Book XVIII: Vishamasila |page=2 }}</ref> Ujjain was sacked several times by the [[Arabs]] of the [[Umayyad Caliphate]] in the 8th century CE. The Arabs called the city ''Uzayn''.<ref>{{cite book |last=Jain |first=Kailash Chand |title=Malwa through the Ages, from the Earliest Times to 1305 A.D. |publisher=Motilal Banarsidas |year=1972 |isbn=9788120808249 |page=10}}</ref>

=== Medieval period ===
[[File:Vedh Shala, Ujjain 01.jpg|thumb|left|The [[Jantar Mantar]] at Ujjain was commissioned by [[Jai Singh II]] (1688-1743) of Jaipur.]]

The [[Paramara dynasty|Paramaras]] (9th-14th century CE) built the City of Ujjain and shifted the region's capital from Ujjain to [[Dhar]].<ref name="Trudy_2012"/> [[Mahmud of Ghazni]] sacked the city and forced it to pay tribute during his invasion in India. In 1235 CE, [[Iltutmish]] of the [[Delhi Sultanate]] plundered the city.<ref name="Trudy_2012"/> With the decline of the Paramara kingdom, Ujjain ultimately came under Islamic rule, like other parts of north-central India. The city continued to be an important city of central India. As late as the time of the [[Mughal Empire|Mughal]] vassal [[Jai Singh II]] (1688-1743), who constructed a [[Ved Shala|Jantar Mantar]] in the city, Ujjain was the largest city and capital of the [[Malwa Subah]]. The city continued to be developed during Muslim rule, especially under the [[Delhi Sultanate]] and the [[Mughal Empire]]. It was used as an important military headquarters.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QRA2mgZnXXMC&pg=PA212 |title=Sawai Jai Singh and His Astronomy |author=Virendra Nath Sharma |publisher=Motilal Banarsidass |year=1995 |page=212 |isbn=9788120812567 }}</ref>

=== Modern period ===
{{See also|Dewas Junior|Dewas Senior|Dhar State|Indore State|Gwalior State}}
During the 18th century, the city briefly became the capital of [[Scindia]] state of the [[Maratha Empire]], when [[Ranoji Scindia]] established his capital at Ujjain in 1731. [[Mahadji Scindia]] constructed a grand palace with a hundred rooms around which the Maratha sardars constructed their own mansions. Ruined and destroyed temples were restored and newer ones were built.<ref>Vijayaraje Scindia, Princess - The Autobiography of Dowager Maharani of Gwalior, P.73</ref> But his successors moved to [[Gwalior]], where they ruled the [[Gwalior State]] in the latter half of the 18th century. The struggle of supremacy between the [[House of Holkar|Holkar]]s of [[Indore]] and Scindias (who ruled Ujjain) led to rivalry between the merchants of the two cities.<ref name="AF_1998"/><ref>{{Cite web|title=Ujjain: राम घाट पर सिंधिया ने किया महाकाल की पालकी का पूजन, उमा भारती भी पहुंचीं|url=https://navbharattimes.indiatimes.com/state/madhya-pradesh/ujjain/ujjain-scindia-performs-baba-mahakals-palki-poojan-during-shahi-sawari-uma-bharti-also-present/videoshow/77594453.cms|access-date=18 August 2020|website=Navbharat Times|language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=उज्जैन पहुंचकर बोले सिंधिया- यह मेरा गृह नगर जैसा, कांग्रेस नेताओं ने दिखाए काले झंडे|url=https://navbharattimes.indiatimes.com/state/madhya-pradesh/ujjain/jyotiraditya-scindia-reaches-ujjain-from-indore-local-bjp-leaders-give-a-grand-welcome-congress-leaders-raise-black-flags/videoshow/77591082.cms|access-date=18 August 2020|website=Navbharat Times|language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=उज्जैन में मिले 21 नए कोरोना पॉजिटीव – AV News|url=https://avnews.in/today-ujjain-covid-heatlh-bulletin/|access-date=18 August 2020|language=en-US|archive-date=26 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230326221547/https://avnews.in/today-ujjain-covid-heatlh-bulletin/|url-status=dead}}</ref> On 18 July 1801, the Holkars defeated the Scindias at the [[Battle of Ujjain]]. On 1 September, [[Yashwantrao Holkar]] entered the city, and demanded a sum of 15 lakh rupees from the city. He received only 1/8th of this amount; the rest was pocketed by his officers. A force sent by [[Daulatrao Scindia]] later regained control of Ujjain.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=D_v3Y7hns8QC&pg=PA61 |title=History of the Marathas |author=R.S. Chaurasia |publisher=Atlantic |year=2004 |isbn=9788126903948 |page=61 }}</ref> After both Holkar and Scindias accepted the [[British Raj|British]] suzerainty, the British colonial administrators decided to develop Indore as an alternative to Ujjain, because the merchants of Ujjain had supported certain anti-British people. [[John Malcolm]], the British administrator of [[Central India]], decided to reduce the importance of Ujjain "by transferring a great part of that consequence it now enjoys to the Towns of Indore and [[Ratlam|Rutlam]] cities, which are and will continue more under our control."<ref name="AF_1998">{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pAJDrdP6sikC&pg=PA63 |title=Smuggling as Subversion: Colonialism, Indian Merchants, and the Politics of Opium, 1790-1843 |author=Amar Farooqui |publisher=Lexington |year=1998 |pages=62–63 |isbn=9780739108864 }}</ref>

After Indian independence, Ujjain was placed in [[Madhya Bharat]] state, which in turn was fused into [[Madhya Pradesh]] in 1956.<ref>{{Cite web|title=उज्जैन में महाकालेश्वर की धूमधाम से निकली शाही सवारी|url=https://www.livehindustan.com/astrology/story-mahakaleshwar-shahi-sawari-2020-held-in-ujjain-3425436.html|access-date=18 August 2020|website=Hindustan|language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=उज्जैन में बाल-बाल बचे सिंधिया, समर्थकों की धक्का-मुक्की में गिरी रेलिंग|url=https://aajtak.intoday.in/story/jyotiraditya-scindia-reaches-ujjain-to-attend-mahakal-shahi-sawari-when-railing-fall-down-1-1220577.html|access-date=18 August 2020|website=aajtak.intoday.in|date=18 August 2020 |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=18 August 2020|title=उज्जैन: महाकाल की शाही सवारी के दौरान बड़ा हादसा टला, बाल-बाल बचे Scindia|url=https://zeenews.india.com/hindi/india/states/big-accident-averted-in-ujjain-jyotiraditya-scindia-narrowly-escapes/730500|access-date=18 August 2020|website=Zee News Hindi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=18 August 2020|title=सिंधिया ने कहा: भले ही उज्जैन में उप चुनाव नहीं लेकिन उज्जैन आसपास होने वाले चुनाव का केंद्र बिंदु बना रहेगा|url=https://www.bhaskar.com/local/mp/ujjain/news/scindia-said-even-though-there-is-no-by-election-in-ujjain-but-ujjain-will-remain-the-focal-point-of-the-elections-around-127626123.html|access-date=18 August 2020|website=Dainik Bhaskar|language=hi}}</ref>

==Geography==
Ujjain is located in the [[Western India|west-central part of India]], and is north of the upper limit of the [[Vindhya]] mountain ranges. Located on the [[Malwa]] plateau, it is higher than the north Indian plains and the land rises towards the [[Vindhya Range]] to the south. Ujjain's coordinates are {{Coord|23|10|N|75|46|E|}} with an average elevation of 494 m (1620 ft).<ref name=elevation>{{Cite web|url=https://dateandtime.info/citycoordinates.php?id=1253914|title=Geographic coordinates of Ujjain. Latitude, longitude, and elevation above sea level of Ujjain, India|website=dateandtime.info}}</ref> The region is an extension of the [[Deccan Traps]], formed between 60 and 68 [[geologic timescale|million years ago]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://ksgeo.kj.yamagata-u.ac.jp/~iwata/personal/Deccan-e.htm |title= Geochronological Study of the Deccan Volcanism by the 40Ar-39Ar Method |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060225205236/http://ksgeo.kj.yamagata-u.ac.jp/~iwata/personal/Deccan-e.htm |archive-date=25 February 2006 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.mantleplumes.org/Deccan.html|title=Deccan Traps|website=www.mantleplumes.org}}</ref> at the end of the [[Cretaceous]] [[Geologic period|period]]. The city is on the bank of the river [[Shipra]] which flows into the nearby [[Chambal River|Chambal]].

===Climate===
Climate of the city features a typical version of the [[humid subtropical climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification|Köppen]] ''Cwa''). Summers usually starts by the middle of March which lasts up until late June. During which temperatures normally reaches up to 45 °C, with average maximum peaking in May with 41 °C.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Controversial UP MLA Vijay Mishra held near Ujjain for alleged extortion|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2020/aug/15/controversial-up-mla-vijay-mishra-held-near-ujjain-for-alleged-extortion-2183660.html|access-date=18 August 2020|website=The New Indian Express|date=15 August 2020 }}</ref> Monsoon starts in late June and ends in late September. These months see about 36 inches (914 mm) of precipitation, frequent thunderstorms and flooding. This season usually features wet phase of comfortable with average temperatures around 24 °C (76 °F) but this is accompanied with frequent downpours. This wet phase is followed by dry phase which results in humid weather with high temperatures. Temperatures rise again up to early November when winter starts,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Ujjain: प्रेमिका की पुल से नीचे फेंक कर दी हत्या, सीसीटीवी फुटेज से पकड़ाया, देखिए वायरल वीडियो|url=https://navbharattimes.indiatimes.com/state/madhya-pradesh/ujjain/man-kills-girlfriend-by-throwing-her-from-overbridge-at-ujjain-caught-through-cctv-footage-watch-viral-video/videoshow/77272990.cms|access-date=18 August 2020|website=Navbharat Times|language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=17 August 2020|title=Madhya Pradesh: Over 12 cows die in Mahakal Temple in Ujjain|url=https://www.zee5.com/zeekannada/madhya-pradesh-over-12-cows-die-in-mahakal-temple-in-ujjain/|access-date=18 August 2020|website=ZEE5 News|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Murder at Ujjain Hotel: 2 बार प्रेमी से शादी कर चुकी थी, तीसरी बार परिवार की मर्जी से करना चाहती थी, इसलिए मार डाला|url=https://navbharattimes.indiatimes.com/state/madhya-pradesh/ujjain/murder-at-ujjain-hotel-police-solves-tanu-parihar-murder-case-within-24-hours-accused-lover-arrested/articleshow/77554556.cms|access-date=18 August 2020|website=Navbharat Times|language=hi}}</ref> which lasts up to early March. Winters are cool, dry and sunny with occasional cold snaps during which temperature may drop to close to freezing (0° to 3 °C). Otherwise temperatures are very much comfortable, with average daily temperatures around 16 °C (61 °F).

{{Weather box
| location = Ujjain (1991–2020, extremes 1954–2012)
| metric first = yes
| single line = yes
| Jan record high C = 34.6
| Feb record high C = 39.0
| Mar record high C = 42.5
| Apr record high C = 45.2
| May record high C = 46.0
| Jun record high C = 45.5
| Jul record high C = 41.1
| Aug record high C = 37.0
| Sep record high C = 39.8
| Oct record high C = 39.8
| Nov record high C = 36.6
| Dec record high C = 34.9
| year record high C = 46.0
| Jan high C = 26.4
| Feb high C = 29.4
| Mar high C = 34.9
| Apr high C = 38.9
| May high C = 40.9
| Jun high C = 37.3
| Jul high C = 31.0
| Aug high C = 29.1
| Sep high C = 31.5
| Oct high C = 33.8
| Nov high C = 30.9
| Dec high C = 28.2
| year high C = 32.5
| Jan low C = 8.7
| Feb low C = 10.6
| Mar low C = 14.8
| Apr low C = 19.5
| May low C = 24.8
| Jun low C = 25.0
| Jul low C = 23.2
| Aug low C = 22.2
| Sep low C = 21.4
| Oct low C = 18.0
| Nov low C = 13.7
| Dec low C = 9.4
| year low C = 17.4
| Jan record low C = 0.0
| Feb record low C = 1.0
| Mar record low C = 4.6
| Apr record low C = 10.1
| May record low C = 12.0
| Jun record low C = 18.7
| Jul record low C = 18.0
| Aug record low C = 16.5
| Sep record low C = 11.8
| Oct record low C = 8.1
| Nov record low C = 2.8
| Dec record low C = 0.5
| year record low C = 0.0
| rain colour = green
| Jan rain mm = 6.6
| Feb rain mm = 2.9
| Mar rain mm = 6.7
| Apr rain mm = 2.4
| May rain mm = 7.3
| Jun rain mm = 113.5
| Jul rain mm = 331.1
| Aug rain mm = 249.7
| Sep rain mm = 163.2
| Oct rain mm = 26.8
| Nov rain mm = 14.1
| Dec rain mm = 4.6
| year rain mm = 928.9
| Jan rain days = 0.5
| Feb rain days = 0.5
| Mar rain days = 0.4
| Apr rain days = 0.4
| May rain days = 0.7
| Jun rain days = 6.3
| Jul rain days = 12.1
| Aug rain days = 10.2
| Sep rain days = 6.8
| Oct rain days = 1.6
| Nov rain days = 1.0
| Dec rain days = 0.3
| year rain days = 40.8
| time day = 17:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| Jan humidity = 40
| Feb humidity = 31
| Mar humidity = 24
| Apr humidity = 20
| May humidity = 22
| Jun humidity = 42
| Jul humidity = 68
| Aug humidity = 76
| Sep humidity = 64
| Oct humidity = 42
| Nov humidity = 40
| Dec humidity = 41
| year humidity = 42
|source 1 = [[India Meteorological Department]]<ref name=IMDnormals>
{{cite web
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200205040301/http://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/1981-2010%20CLIM%20NORMALS%20%28STATWISE%29.pdf
| archive-date = 5 February 2020
| url = https://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/1981-2010%20CLIM%20NORMALS%20%28STATWISE%29.pdf
| title = Station: Ujjain Climatological Table 1981–2010
| work = Climatological Normals 1981–2010
| publisher = India Meteorological Department
| date = January 2015
| pages = 769–770
| access-date = 28 December 2020}}</ref><ref name=IMDextremes>
{{cite web
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200205042509/http://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/EXTREMES%20OF%20TEMPERATURE%20and%20RAINFALL%20upto%202012.pdf
| archive-date = 5 February 2020
| url = https://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/EXTREMES%20OF%20TEMPERATURE%20and%20RAINFALL%20upto%202012.pdf
| title = Extremes of Temperature & Rainfall for Indian Stations (Up to 2012)
| publisher = India Meteorological Department
| date = December 2016
| page = M133
| access-date = 28 December 2020}}</ref>
}}

Ujjain has been ranked the 26th best "National Clean Air City" under Category 2 3-10L population cities in India.<ref>{{Cite web |date=7 September 2024 |title=Swachh Vayu Sarvekshan 2024 |url=https://prana.cpcb.gov.in/ncapServices/robust/fetchFilesFromDrive/Swachh_Vayu_Survekshan_2024_Result.pdf |website=Swachh Vayu Sarvekshan 2024 |access-date=24 September 2024 |archive-date=14 September 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240914164336/https://prana.cpcb.gov.in/ncapServices/robust/fetchFilesFromDrive/Swachh_Vayu_Survekshan_2024_Result.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>

==Demographics==
[[File:Elephant in Ujjain.jpg|thumb|Harsiddhi Marg in Ujjain]]

According to the 2011 census, Ujjain had a population of 515,215, comprising 265,291 males and 249,924 females, giving a sex ratio of 942 per 1000. The overall literacy rate was 85.55%, with male literacy at 91.16% and female literacy at 79.62%.<ref name="2011 table 2">{{cite web |title=Cities having population 1 lakh and above |url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/paper2/data_files/India2/Table_2_PR_Cities_1Lakh_and_Above.pdf |publisher=Census of India 2011 |access-date=17 September 2019 |archive-date=7 May 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120507135928/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/paper2/data_files/India2/Table_2_PR_Cities_1Lakh_and_Above.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>

{{bar box
|title=Religions in Ujjain City (2011)<ref name="Religion">{{cite web |title=Table C-1 Population By Religious Community: Madhya Pradesh|url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/11381/download/14494/DDW23C-01%20MDDS.XLS|website=censusindia.gov.in|publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref>
|titlebar=#Fcd116
|left1=Religion
|right1=Percent
|float=left
|bars=
{{bar percent|[[Hinduism]]|darkorange|77.51}}
{{bar percent|[[Islam]]|green|18.88}}
{{bar percent|[[Jainism]]|pink|2.44}}
{{bar percent|[[Christianity in Madhya Pradesh|Christianity]]|blue|0.51}}
{{bar percent|Other or not stated|black|0.66}}
}}

{{Pie chart
|caption = Languages of Ujjain (2011)<ref name="languages"/>
|label1 = [[Hindi]] |value1 = 84.17 |color1 = orange
|label2 = [[Urdu]] |value2 = 5.82 |color2 = green
|label3 = [[Malvi language|Malvi]] |value3 = 3.59 |color3 = deeppink
|label4 = [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]] |value4 = 1.98 |color4 = lavender
|label5 = [[Marathi language|Marathi]] |value5 = 1.93 |color5 = maroon
|label6 = [[Sindhi language|Sindhi]] |value6 = 1.46 |color6 = yellow
|label7 = Others |value7 = 1.05 |color7 = grey
}}
Hindi is the most-spoken language. Being the heartland of the Malwa region, Malvi is also widely spoken.<ref name="languages">{{Cite web |title=Table C-16 Population by Mother Tongue: Madhya Pradesh|url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/10249/download/13361/DDW-C16-TOWN-STMT-MDDS-2300.XLSX |website=www.censusindia.gov.in |publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref>

==Government and jurisdiction==

Most of the regions surrounding the city are administered by the [[Ujjain Municipal Corporation]] (UMC). The city is administered by a Divisional Commissioner and a Collectorate Office as well as the Mayor. They are responsible for the town and Country Planning Department, Forest Department, Public Health Engineering, Public Works Department and MP Electricity Board.<ref name="ujjain">{{cite web |url=http://www.ujjain.nic.in/ |title=Welcome to official website of District Administration Ujjain (M.P.) India |publisher=ujjain.nic.in |access-date=21 August 2015 |archive-date=30 June 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150630201443/http://ujjain.nic.in/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="indiatimes">{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/BJP-clean-sweeps-in-Madhya-Pradesh-civic-polls/articleshow/48501303.cms |title=BJP clean sweeps in Madhya Pradesh civic polls - The Times of India |newspaper=The Times of India |date=16 August 2015 |publisher=timesofindia.indiatimes.com|access-date=21 August 2015}}</ref>

Ujjain has been a metropolitan municipality with a mayor-council form of government. The Ujjain Municipal Corporation (UMC) was established in 1956 under the Madhya Pradesh Nagar Palika Nigam Adhiniyam. The UMC was established in 1886 as Nagar Palika, but the Municipal Corporation of Ujjain was declared on a par with the Gwalior Municipal Corporation. The UMC is responsible for public education, correctional institutions, libraries, public safety, recreational facilities, sanitation, water supply, local planning and welfare services. The mayor and councillors are elected to five-year terms.<ref name="ujjain2">{{cite web|url=http://www.ujjain.nic.in/Administration/CommissionerTenure/comm.html|title=Welcome to official website of District Administration Ujjain (M.P.) India|publisher=ujjain.nic.in|access-date=21 August 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150806164101/http://www.ujjain.nic.in/Administration/CommissionerTenure/comm.html|archive-date=6 August 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="ujjain3">{{cite web|url=http://www.ujjain.nic.in/Benificiary_List/patta/Patta-benificiary.html|title=Welcome to official website of District Administration Ujjain (M.P.) India|publisher=ujjain.nic.in|access-date=21 August 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150706114354/http://www.ujjain.nic.in/Benificiary_List/patta/Patta-benificiary.html|archive-date=6 July 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref>

The [[Ujjain Development Authority]], also known as UDA, is the urban planning agency serving Ujjain. Its headquarters are located in the Bharatpuri area of Ujjain. It was established under the Madhya Pradesh Town and Country Planning Act, 1973.<ref name=glance>{{cite web|title=Information at a glance|url=http://www.mpurban.gov.in/Pdf/CDP/Indore%20CDP_%20Final.pdf|publisher=MPurban|access-date=12 December 2015}}</ref>

[[Ujjain (Lok Sabha constituency)|Ujjain Lok Sabha constituency]] is one of the 29 [[Lok Sabha]] constituencies in [[Madhya Pradesh]] state in central India. This constituency came into existence in 1951 as one of the 9 LokSabha constituencies in the erstwhile [[Madhya Bharat]] state. It is reserved for the candidates belonging to the [[Dalit|Scheduled Castes]] since 1966. This constituency covers the entire [[Ujjain district]] and part of [[Ratlam district]]. Previously, Dr. [[Chintamani Malviya]] of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] was the member of parliament who won in the [[2014 Indian general elections]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://eciresults.nic.in/ConstituencywiseS1222.htm?ac=22 |title=Constituencywise-All Candidates |publisher=Eciresults.nic.in |access-date=17 May 2014 |archive-date=17 May 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140517180755/http://eciresults.nic.in/ConstituencywiseS1222.htm?ac=22 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

The current Member of Parliament from [[Ujjain (Lok Sabha constituency)|Ujjain]] is Anil Firojiya ([[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]) after the [[Lok Sabha]] Election of 2019.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.news18.com/news/politics/ujjain-election-results-2019-live-updates-winner-loser-leading-trailing-2154519.html|title=Ujjain Election Results 2019 Live Updates: Anil Firojiya of BJPWins|website=News18|date=23 May 2019|access-date=23 May 2019}}</ref>

== Notable sites ==
* [[Mahakaleshwar Jyotirlinga]]
* [[Chintaman Ganesh Temple, Ujjain|Chintaman Ganesh Temple]]
* Harsiddhi Temple<ref>[https://ujjain.nic.in/en/tourist-place/harsiddhi/ Harsiddhi Temple]</ref>
* [[Kal Bhairav Temple, Ujjain|Kal Bhairav Temple]]
* [[Sandipani|Sandipani Ashram]]
* [[Mangalnath Temple]]
* ISKCON Temple

==Education==


===University===
* [[Maharshi Panini Sanskrit University]]
*[[Vikram University]]
*[[Avantika University]]

===Medical colleges===
* [[Ruxmaniben Deepchand Gardi Medical College]]
* Govt. Medical College
* Amaltas Medical College

===Engineering colleges===
* [[Ujjain Engineering College]] (Govt.)
* School of Engineering Vikram University (Govt.)
* MIT Group of Institutes, Ujjain
* Shree Guru Sandipani Institute of Science and Technology
* Prashanti Institute of Technology
* Alpine Institute of Technology

===Schools===

* St. Paul's Convent H.S. School
* [[Christu Jyoti Convent School]]
* Ujjain Public School
* Lokmanya Tilak higher Secondary School, Ujjain
* [[St. Mary's Convent School, Ujjain|St. Mary's Convent School]]
* [[Nirmala Convent School, Ujjain|Nirmala Convent School]]
* Takshshila Junior College
* Kalidas Montessori Sr. Sec. School
*Carmel Convent Sr. Sec. School<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.thelearningpoint.net/home/school-listings/cbse-1/KALIDAS-MONTESSORI-SR-SEC-SCHOOL-BAMBAKHANA-UJJAIN-MADHYA-PRADESH-1030008 | title=KALIDAS MONTESSORI SR SEC SCHOOL BAMBAKHANA UJJAIN MADHYA PRADESH - the Learning Point }}</ref>


==Industry==
Major industrial areas surrounding Ujjain are [[Dewas]] Road Industrial Area, Maxi Road Industrial Area Vikram Udhogpuri, and Tajpur Industrial Area.<ref>{{Cite web|title=InvestMP - MPIDC|url=https://invest.mp.gov.in/|website=[[MPIDC]]|access-date=29 March 2021|archive-date=8 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211008133907/https://invest.mp.gov.in/|url-status=dead}}</ref>

[[Indore]] and [[Dewas]] are the cities where majority of the industries are present. Both Indore and Dewas are in close proximity to Ujjain, providing employment to people in Ujjain and nearby areas.

The [[Government of Madhya Pradesh]] has allotted 1,200 acres for the development of an industrial area on the Dewas-Ujjain Road (MP State Highway 18) near Narwar village. Originally named "Vikramaditya Knowledge City", the area was envisaged as an educational hub. Due to diminished investment prospects, it was renamed to "[[Vikram Udyog Nagari]]" ("Vikram Industrial City"). As of 2014, the government has conceptualised it as a half-industrial, half-educational area. The stakeholders in the project include the state government and the [[Delhi Mumbai Industrial Corridor]] (DMIC) Trust.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/current-affairs/ujjain-s-knowledge-city-renamed-vikram-udyog-nagari-114050500951_1.html|title=Ujjain's 'Knowledge City' renamed 'Vikram Udyog Nagari'}}</ref>

==Transportation==

===Airport===
Ujjain does not have any airport but has an [[Ujjain Airstrip|airstrip]] on Dewas road which is used for air transport purposes. In 2013, the [[Government of Madhya Pradesh]] started a Ujjain-Bhopal air services as a joint venture with [[Ventura AirConnect]]. Due to very low booking, the ambitious project was scrapped. The main reason for the failure of the plan was due to improper timing of flights. The nearest airport is the [[Devi Ahilyabai Holkar International Airport]] at [[Indore]] (57 km).

===Railway===
[[File:Ujjain_statioin.jpg|thumb|Ujjain Junction]]

[[Ujjain Junction]] is the main railway station of Ujjain, and it is directly or indirectly well-connected to all the major railway stations in India.<ref>{{cite book |author=Agam Gupta |title=Unfolding Faith: A Journey to the Kumbh |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vfkHAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA31 |date=September 2013 |publisher=Partridge Publishing |isbn=978-1-4828-1213-8 |pages=31–}}</ref> It lies on the [[Indore]]–[[Dewas]], [[Ratlam]]–[[Bhopal]], [[Indore]]–[[Nagda]] and [[Guna, India|Guna]]–[[Khandwa]] route. To the west it is connected to [[Ratlam Junction]], to the north it is connected with [[Nagda]] Junction, to the east it is connected with [[Maksi]] Junction, [[Bhopal Junction]], and to the south it is connected to [[Indore Junction BG]], [[Dewas]] Junction Harda BG.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indiarailinfo.com/station/map/ujjain-junction-ujn/10|title=Ujjain Railway Station Map/Atlas WR/Western Zone - Railway Enquiry|first=Biplob|last=Kagyung|website=indiarailinfo.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://irfca.org/docs/electrification-history.html|title = [IRFCA] Electrification History from CORE}}</ref>

There are six railway stations in the Ujjain city and its suburbs:

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! style="background:#ffd750;"| Station name
! style="background:#ffd750;"| Station code
! style="background:#ffd750;"| Railway zone
! style="background:#ffd750;"| Total platforms
|-
|{{left|[[Ujjain Junction]]}}
| UJN
| [[Western Railway Zone (India)|Western Railway]]
| 08
|-
|{{left|[[Chintaman Ganesh railway station|Chintaman Ganesh]]}}
| CNN
| [[Western Railway Zone (India)|Western Railway]]
| 03
|-
|{{left|[[Matana Buzurg railway station|Matana Buzurg]]}}
| MABG
| [[Western Railway Zone (India)|Western Railway]]
| 02
|-
|{{left|[[Pingleshwar railway station|Pingleshwar]]}}
| PLW
| [[Western Railway Zone (India)|Western Railway]]
| 02
|-
|{{left|[[Vikramnagar railway station|Vikramnagar]]}}
| VRG
| [[Western Railway Zone (India)|Western Railway]]
| 03
|-
|{{left|[[Tajpur railway station|Tajpur]]}}
| TJP
| [[Western Railway Zone (India)|Western Railway]]
| 02
|}

===Road===
[[File:Ujjain_Indore_Highway.jpg|thumb|Ujjain-Indore Highway]]

Dewas Gate Stand and [[Nana Kheda Bus Stand]] are the two bus stands in the city that provide service to destinations located in the states. A large number of state run private buses are available for [[Ahmedabad]], [[Jaipur]], [[Ajmer]], [[Khajuraho]], [[Harda]], [[Indore]], [[Bhopal]], [[Pune]], [[Mumbai]], [[Kota, Rajasthan|Kota]], [[Mandu, Madhya Pradesh|Mandu]], [[Jhalawar]] and various other locations. The city has a well connected road network including Indore Road, [[Badnagar]] Road, [[Dewas]] Road, [[Agar]] Road, [[Nagda]] Road and [[Maksi]] Road. There are three national highways; 47 connects to [[Ahmedabad]], proposed 148NG connects to [[Garoth]] and 552G connects to Indore.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://udaujjain.org/uda/?page_id=42|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208120000/http://udaujjain.org/uda/?page_id=42|url-status=dead|title=UDA|archivedate=8 December 2015}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://india.gov.in/ujjain-city-development-plan-ujjain-municipal-corporation|title = National Portal of India}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.mpurban.gov.in/Pdf/CDP/Ujjain%20CDP_Final%20.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=5 December 2015 |archive-date=8 December 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208205744/http://www.mpurban.gov.in/Pdf/CDP/Ujjain%20CDP_Final%20.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://jnnurmmis.nic.in/toolkit/CDP_Ujjain.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=5 December 2015 |archive-date=8 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160308184258/http://jnnurmmis.nic.in/toolkit/CDP_Ujjain.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>

Other regional highways passing through the city are:

* [[Indore]] – Ujjain Road via SH 27 part of NH 552G
* [[Kota, Rajasthan|Kota]] / [[Agar]] – Ujjain Road via NH 552G
* [[Bhopal]] / [[Dewas]] – Ujjain Road via SH 18 now NH 148NG
* [[Ratlam]] / [[Barnagar]] – Ujjain Road via SH 18 now NH
* [[Jaora]] / [[Nimach]] – Ujjain Road via SH 17
* [[Maksi]] – Ujjain Road (Connects to [[National Highway 3 (India)|NH 3]])
* [[Harda]] - Ujjain Road (Connects to Via National Highway 59A NH 47) and [[SH 18]]
*Ujjain - [[Garoth]] Proposed New Green Field Four Lane National Highway No NH 148NG

====Local transport====

Ujjain depends on an extensive network of auto rickshaws, city busses, private taxis and Tata Magic, that operate throughout the city, connecting one part with another. UMC has recently introduced city buses with a public private partnership project as the city was identified urban agglomerations with less than 1 million population under the [[Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission]].<ref>[http://jnnurm.nic.in/ Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120510225954/http://jnnurm.nic.in/ |date=10 May 2012 }}</ref><ref>[http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/smart-cities-under-jnnurmii-kamal-nath/1045847 Indian Express]</ref>

==Sports==

[[Cricket]] is one of the most popular sports in the city. Ujjain is also home to the [[Ujjain Divisional Cricket Association]] which is affiliated to [[Board of Control for Cricket in India|BCCI]]. The city does not have any big stadium, but hosted [[Ranji Trophy]] matches at [[Indian Iron and Steel Company Stanton Pipe Factory Ground|Pipe Factory Ground]] in 1977 and 1980.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/cricket-grounds/indian-iron-and-steel-company-stanton-pipe-factory-ground-ujjain-58508|title=Indian Iron and Steel Company Stanton Pipe Factory Ground - Cricket Ground in Ujjain, India|website=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref>

[[Kite flying]] is another popular activity in the city around [[Makar Sakranti]].<ref name="Dainik Bhaskar 2022">{{cite web | title=देश - National | website=Dainik Bhaskar | date=10 December 2022 | url=https://www.bhaskar.com/national/ | language=hi | access-date=10 December 2022}}</ref>

== Smart city ==
{{Further|Smart city}}
Ujjain city was shortlisted under the Government of India's flagship programme [[Smart Cities Mission]]. Under the mission, Ujjain Municipal Corporation (UMC)<ref>[http://nagarnigamujjain.org/ UMC]</ref> shall participate in the smart cities challenge by [[Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs|Ministry of Urban Development]]. As part of this, UMC is preparing a Smart City Proposal (SCP). The SCP will include smart city solutions based on the consultations to be held with the key stakeholders of the city. UMC invited the suggestions from citizens of Ujjain to make ‘Ujjain as a smart city’. The citizens were able to post their views pertaining to basic services such as water supply, sewerage, urban transport, social infrastructure and e-governance.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.mygov.in/group-issue/smart-city-ujjain/|title=Smart City Ujjain|date=21 September 2015|newspaper=MyGov.in|access-date=18 January 2017}}</ref>

==Notable people==
Notable people who were born or lived in Ujjain include:

* Sage [[Sandipani]]
* [[Varāhamihira]]
* [[Bhāskara II]]
* [[Brahmagupta]]
* [[Chashtana]]
* [[Kālidāsa]]
* [[Devi (wife of Ashoka)]]
* [[Shivmangal Singh Suman]]
* [[Shreeram Shankar Abhyankar]]
* [[Bhartṛhari|Bharthari]]
* [[Yashoda Devi]]
* [[Vivian Dsena]]
* [[Thawar Chand Gehlot]]
* [[Gundecha Brothers]]
* [[Satyanarayan Jatiya]]
* [[Hukam Chand Kachwai]]
* [[Sachida Nagdev]]
* [[Naman Ojha]]
* [[Paramartha]]
* [[Sartaj Singh (politician)|Sartaj Singh]]
* [[Saumya Tandon]]
* [[Vikramaditya]]
* [[Viraj Mahajan]]<ref name="Mid-Day 2023">{{cite web | title= How LinkedIn Became Sexy | website=Mid-Day | date=27 November 2022 | url=https://www.mid-day.com/sunday-mid-day/article/how-linkedin-became-sexy-23257626 | language=En | access-date=27 November 2022}}</ref>
* [[Juhi Parmar]]
* [[Goverdhan Lal Oza]]
* [[Sharma Bandhu]]
* [[V. S. Wakankar]]
* [[Sharad Joshi]]
* [[Mohan Yadav]]

== See also ==
* [[Mahakaleshwar Jyotirlinga]]
* [[Omkareshwar Temple|Omkareshwar Jyotirlinga]]
* [[Ujjainiya]]
* [[Ujjaini Mahakali Temple]]
* [[Maratha Empire]]
* [[Scindia]]
* [[Gwalior State]]
* [[Dewas Junior State]]
* [[Dewas Senior State]]
* [[Dhar State]]
* [[Indore State]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Bibliography==

* {{cite book|author1=Rahman Ali|author2=Ashok Trivedi|author3=Dhirendra Solanki|title=Buddhist remains of Ujjain region: excavations at Ṣodañga|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SwpuAAAAMAAJ|year=2004|publisher=Sharada Pub. House|isbn=978-81-88934-15-7}}
* {{cite book|title=Sacred Complex of Ujjain|author=Dipak Kumar Samanta|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vDnkAAAAMAAJ|year= 1996|publisher=D.K. Printworld|isbn=978-81-246-0078-8}}
* Hunter, Cotton, Burn, Meyer. [https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/ "The Imperial Gazetteer of India"], 2006. Oxford, [[Clarendon Press]]. 1909.
* {{cite book |title=Ujjain|first=Keshav Rao Balwant |last=Dongray |publisher= Alijar Darbar Press, Gwalior|year=1935|url=https://archive.org/stream/ujjain035489mbp#page/n5/mode/2up }}
* {{cite book |author=Pranab Kumar Bhattacharyya |title=Historical Geography of Madhya Pradesh from Early Records |publisher=[[Motilal Banarsidass]] |year=1977 |isbn=978-0-8426-9091-1 |page=275 }}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Ujjain}}
{{Wikiquote}}
{{EB1911 poster|Ujjain}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20151125123834/http://nagarnigamujjain.org/ Official website of Ujjain Municipal Corporation]
* [http://www.ujjain.nic.in/ Official website of Ujjain district] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150630201443/http://ujjain.nic.in/ |date=30 June 2015 }}
* [http://www.simhasthujjain.in/ Official website of Ujjain Kumbh Mela]{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170205051830/http://www.simhasthujjain.in/ |date=5 February 2017 }}
* {{Wikivoyage inline}}

{{City of Ujjain}}
{{Hindu inscriptions and arts|state=autocollapse}}
{{Hindu holy cities}}
{{Ujjain Division}}
{{Million-plus cities in India}}
{{Indian mathematics}}
{{Madhya Pradesh}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Ujjain| ]]
[[Category:Malwa| ]]
[[Category:Hindu holy cities]]
[[Category:Hindu pilgrimage sites in India]]
[[Category:Populated places along the Silk Road]]
[[Category:Cities in Malwa]]
[[Category:Former capitals in India]]
[[Category:Ancient Indian cities]]
[[Category:Cities in Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:Smart cities in India]]
[[Category:Holy cities]]
[[Category:Shaivism]]
[[Category:Avanti (region)]]

Jammu and Kashmir Grameen Bank

2026-03-11T13:53:57Z

WilfredBirmingha: Put Up A Page

{{Short description|Regional Rural Bank in Jammu and Kashmir, India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2025}}
{{Infobox company
| name = Jammu and Kashmir Grameen Bank
| logo = Jkgb logo.png
| logo_size = 400
| caption =
| native_name = '''जम्मू एवं कश्मीर ग्रामीण बैंक'''
| native_name_lang = hi
| image =
| type = [[Regional Rural Bank]]
| traded_as =
| predecessor = J&K Grameen Bank
Ellaquai Dehati Bank
| successor =
| foundation = {{Start date and age|2025|05|01}}
| founder =
| defunct = 
| hq_location =
| location_city = [[Jammu]], [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu And Kashmir]]
| location_country = [[India]]
| area_served = [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu And Kashmir]], [[Ladakh]]
| key_people = '''Mr. Sanjay Gupta''' (Chairman)
| industry = [[Financial]] [[Regional Rural Bank]]s
| products = {{ubl|[[Retail banking]]|[[Corporate banking]]|[[Mortgage loan]]s| [[Private banking]]|[[Insurance]] }}
| production =
| services = {{Unbulleted list|[[Financial services]]|[[Banking]]}}
| revenue =
| operating_income =
| net_income =
| aum = 
| assets =
| equity =
| owner = [[Government of India]] (50%)
[[Government of Jammu and Kashmir]] (15%)
[[Jammu & Kashmir Bank]] (35%)
| num_locations = 330 Branches
| num_employees =
| parent = [[Ministry of Finance (India)|Ministry of Finance]], [[Government of India]]
| divisions =
| subsid =
| homepage = {{ubl|{{URL|https://www.jkgrameen.bank.in/}}|{{URL|https://onlinebanking.jkgrameen.bank.in/}}}}
| footnotes =
}}

The ''' Jammu and Kashmir Grameen Bank (JKGB)''' is an Indian [[Regional Rural Bank]] (RRB) in UT of [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu And Kashmir]] and in UT of [[Ladakh]] established on 1 May 2025.<ref>Govt of India Notification CG-DL-E-07042025-262329 dated 07 April 2025 issued by the Department of Financial Services</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.business-standard.com/amp/industry/banking/govt-announces-one-state-one-rrb-implementation-from-may-1-2025-125040800039_1.html | title=Govt announces 'One State, One RRB' implementation from May 1, 2025 }}</ref> The bank was formed by the amalgamation of J&K Grameen Bank and Ellaquai Dehati Bank under The "One State, One RRB"<ref>{{cite web | title='One state-one RRB' to be effective from May 1 after govt approves consolidation of 15 regional rural banks | work=Livemint | date=8 April 2025 | url=https://www.livemint.com/economy/one-state-one-rrb-to-be-effective-from-may-1-after-govt-approves-consolidation-of-15-regional-rural-banks-11744118507326.html }}</ref> policy of government. It currently has 330 branches in UTs of [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu And Kashmir]] and [[Ladakh]].

It functions under Regional Rural Banks' Act 1976 and is sponsored by [[Jammu & Kashmir Bank]].

== History ==
=== J&K Grameen Bank ===
'''J&K Grameen Bank(JKGB)''' was an Indian [[Regional Rural Bank]] headquartered in [[Jammu]], [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]] [[India]]. It was established in 2009 as a [[Regional Rural Bank]] as per Regional Rural Banks Act of 1976. By amalgamation, on 30th June 2009, of the following 2 banks, '''Jammu Rural Bank''' and '''Kamraz Rural Bank''' both sponsored by [[Jammu & Kashmir Bank]] with its Head Office at Narwal, [[Jammu]], vide GoI notification under Sub section (i) of Section 23-A of the RRB Act 1976 (21 of 1976) and commenced its business from 01.07.2009. Bank is having share holding of 50% by Govt. of India, 35% from the Sponsor Bank (J&K Bank) & 15% from Govt. of J&K (Union Territory). The operational area of the Bank covers thirteen (13) Districts, i.e. 11 Districts in the Union Territory (UT) of Jammu & Kashmir and 2 Districts in the UT of Ladakh. The network of the Bank consists of Six Regional Offices and 216 branches i.e. 212 branches in the UT of Jammu & Kashmir and 4 branches in the UT of Ladakh. It is under the [[ownership]] of [[Ministry of Finance (India)|Ministry of Finance]], [[Government of India]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.jkgb.in/history.aspx | title=J&K Gramin Bank history}}</ref>

=== Ellaquai Dehati Bank ===
'''Ellaquai Dehati Bank''' was an Indian [[Regional Rural Bank]] headquartered in [[Shrinagar]], India. It was established on 16th july 1979 as a [[Regional Rural Bank]] as per Regional Rural Banks Act of 1976. It is sponsored by [[State Bank of India|SBI]]. Government of India, State Bank of India, and Government of Jammu & Kashmir are the joint owners of the Bank. The Bank has its presence in both the divisions of the Union Territory and has at present a network of 110 Branches and 3 extension counters spread across thirteen districts of the Union Territory (Srinagar, Budgam, Ganderbal, Anantnag, Pulwama, Shopian, Kulgam, Jammu, Udhampur, Reasi, Ramban, Doda, and Samba). It was under the [[ownership]] of [[Ministry of Finance (India)|Ministry of Finance]], [[Government of India]]. Sh. Fayaz Ahmad Wani was the chairman of the bank at the time of amalgamation.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.edb.org.in/about.php | title=Ellaquai Dehati Bank about info}}</ref>

== Logo ==
{{Unreferenced section|date=October 2025}}
[[File:RRB LOGO new.png|thumb|295x295px|RRB logo used since August 1, 2025]]
The identity boasts symmetry, stability and craftsmanship.

Key elements include

*'''''Upward Arrow''''', symbolizing Progress and Growth
*'''''Hands''''', embodying Nurturing and Care
*'''''Flame''''', symbolizing enlightentment and warmth

The Regional Rural Bank logo selection process involved a public poll conducted by [[NABARD]] in June 2025 to choose a new, common logo for the amalgamated [[Regional Rural Bank]]s in India, the initiative aimed at creating a unified brand identity for rural banking after the amalgamation of several RRBs. the poll allowed participants to vote on six logo concepts and nine design variations. The initiative was called '''''OneRRBOneLogo''''' reflecting the vision of having a single identity for the RRBs.

== Branch Network ==
{{Unreferenced section|date=October 2025}}
The network of the Bank consists of Eight Regional Offices and 330 branches i.e. 326 branches in the UT of Jammu & Kashmir and 4 branches in the UT of Ladakh.

== See also ==
{{Portal|Banks}}
* [[List of banks in India]]
* [[Regional rural bank]]
* [[Public sector banks in India]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://www.jkgrameen.bank.in/ Official site]
* [https://onlinebanking.jkgrameen.bank.in Internet Banking]

{{Banking in India}}

[[Category:Banks established in 2025]]
[[Category:Regional rural banks of India]]
[[Category:2025 establishments in Jammu and Kashmir]]
[[Category:Indian companies established in 2025]]
[[Category:Economy of Jammu and Kashmir]]

Arvind Kejriwal

2026-03-07T14:46:08Z

WilfredBirmingha: page fix

{{Short description|Chief Minister of Delhi (2013–14; 2015–2024)}}
{{pp-vandalism|small=yes}}
{{pp-move|small=yes}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2026}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2026}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| image = Arvind Kejriwal 2022 Official Portrail (AI enhanced).jpg
| imagesize = 220px
| caption = Official portrait, 2022
| office = 7th [[Chief Minister of Delhi]]
| term_start = 14 February 2015
| term_end = 21 September 2024
| deputy = [[Manish Sisodia]] {{small|(until 28 February 2023)}}
| lieutenant_governor = {{ubl|[[Vinai Kumar Saxena]]|[[Anil Baijal]]|[[Najeeb Jung]]}}
| successor = [[Atishi Marlena]]
| predecessor = ''[[President's rule]]''
| term_start1 =
| term_end1 =
| deputy1 =
| lieutenant_governor1 =
| subterm = '''Cabinet'''
| suboffice = {{hlist|[[Second Kejriwal ministry|Kejriwal II]]|[[Third Kejriwal ministry|Kejriwal III]]}}
| subterm2 = '''Cabinet'''
| suboffice2 = [[First Kejriwal ministry|Kejriwal I]]
| successor1 =
| predecessor2 = [[Sheila Dikshit]]
| term_start2 = 28 December 2013
| term_end2 = 14 February 2014
| lieutenant_governor2= Najeeb Jung
| successor2 = ''[[President's rule]]''
| office4 = [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|Member]] of [[Delhi Legislative Assembly]]
| constituency4 = [[New Delhi Assembly constituency|New Delhi]]
| preceded4 = Sheila Dikshit
| term_start4 = 28 December 2013
| term_end4 = 8 February 2025
| predecessor4 = Sheila Dikshit
| successor4 = [[Parvesh Verma]]
| office6 = [[Aam Aadmi Party#National Convener|National Convener of the Aam Aadmi Party]]
| term_start6 = 26 November 2012
| predecessor6 = ''Office established''
| successor6 =
| party = [[Aam Aadmi Party]]
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1968|08|16}}
| birth_place = [[Siwani]], Haryana, India 
| alma_mater = [[IIT Kharagpur]] ([[BTech]])
| spouse = {{marriage|Sunita Kejriwal|1995}}
| children = 2
| residence = [[New Delhi|5, Ferozeshah Road, New Delhi]]
| profession = {{Hlist|Politician|activist|bureaucrat}}
| website =
| awards = [[Ramon Magsaysay Award]]
| known_for = {{ubl|[[India Against Corruption]]|[[Jan Lokpal Bill]]}}
}}
{{Arvind Kejriwal series}}
'''Arvind Kejriwal''' ({{IPA|hi|əɾʋɪn̪d̪ keːd͡ʒɾiːʋɑːl|audio=}}; born 16 August 1968) is an Indian politician, [[Activism|activist]] and former bureaucrat, who served as the 7th [[Chief Minister of Delhi]]. He was the chief minister from 2013 to 2014 and from 2015 to 2024. He is also the national [[convener]] of the [[Aam Aadmi Party]] (AAP) since 2012. He represented the [[New Delhi Assembly constituency|New Delhi constituency]] in the [[Delhi Legislative Assembly]] from 2015 to 2025, and previously from 2013 to 2014.

In 2006, Kejriwal was awarded the [[Ramon Magsaysay Award]] for his involvement in the ''[[Parivartan]]'' movement using [[Right to Information Act, 2005|right to information]] legislation in a campaign against government corruption. The same year, after resigning from government service, he founded the [[Public Cause Research Foundation]] to campaign for transparent governance. Before entering politics, Kejriwal had worked in the [[Indian Revenue Service]]. Prior to that, he was a mechanical engineer from [[IIT Kharagpur]].

In 2012, he launched the AAP. In 2013, he assumed office as the Chief Minister of Delhi and resigned 49 days later over his inability to mobilise support for his proposed anti-corruption legislation. In the [[2015 Delhi Legislative Assembly election]]s, the AAP registered an unprecedented majority. In subsequent [[2020 Delhi Legislative Assembly election|2020 elections]], AAP re-emerged victorious and retained power in Delhi, following which, Kejriwal was sworn in as the Chief Minister of Delhi for the third time in a row. Outside Delhi, his party registered another major victory in [[2022 Punjab Legislative Assembly election]].

He was [[Arrest of Arvind Kejriwal|arrested]] on 21 March 2024 by the [[Enforcement Directorate]] on allegations of a [[Delhi liquor scam|liquor scam]] against the Aam Aadmi Party led [[Delhi Government]].<ref name="balance">{{cite news |last1=Anand |first1=Jatin |date=24 March 2024 |title=Congress's Kejriwal dilemma deepens as it balances ties with AAP – friends in Delhi, foes in Punjab |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/political-pulse/congress-arvind-kejriwal-arrest-aap-9230586/ |work=The Indian Express |access-date=24 March 2024}}</ref><ref name="double">{{cite news |title=Rahul Gandhi rolls dice on same subject in diverse ways: Smriti Irani on his "double standards" on excise policy scam |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/rahul-gandhi-rolls-dice-on-same-subject-in-diverse-ways-smriti-irani-on-his-double-standards-on-excise-policy-scam/articleshow/108721819.cms |work=The Economic Times |agency=ANI |date=23 March 2024 |access-date=23 March 2024}}</ref> He became the first ever sitting chief minister in India to be arrested.<ref name="sit">{{Cite news |title=Arvind Kejriwal is first sitting chief minister to be arrested |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/arvind-kejriwal-is-first-sitting-chief-minister-to-be-arrested-101711040873998.html |work=Hindustan Times |date=21 March 2024 |access-date=23 March 2024}}</ref> His other party leaders, [[Satyendra Jain]], [[Sanjay Singh (AAP politician)|Sanjay Singh]] and [[Manish Sisodia]] have also spent months to years in jail without bail, trial or conviction.<ref name="The Indian Express">{{cite news |last1=Srivastava |first1=Tanya |date=27 May 2023 |title=From Manish Sisodia and Satyendar Jain to Umar Khalid – guilty until proven innocent |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/columns/manish-sisodia-satyendar-jain-umar-khalid-guilty-until-proven-innocent-8632151/ |work=The Indian Express |access-date=6 April 2024}}</ref> The opposition alliance called the arrest weeks before the [[2024 Indian general election]], a case of fabrication and "[[match-fixing]]" by the BJP. [[Amnesty International]] said that financial and terrorism laws have been weaponised to go after political opponents.<ref name="Ellis-Petersen-2024">{{Cite news |last=Ellis-Petersen |first=Hannah |date=1 April 2024 |title=Delhi chief minister must stay in custody for another two weeks, court rules |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2024/apr/01/arvind-kejriwal-delhi-chief-minister-custody-another-two-weeks |access-date=4 July 2024 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> On 10 May, the [[Supreme Court of India|Supreme Court]] ordered Kejriwal's release on interim bail until 1 June 2024, on account of campaigning for the election.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Dayal |first=Sakshi |date=12 May 2024 |title=India's opposition jubilant as Modi critic Kejriwal gets bail to campaign in elections |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/india/india-top-court-grants-temporary-bail-opposition-leader-kejriwal-campaign-2024-05-10/ |access-date=12 May 2024 |work=The Reuters}}</ref><ref name="Hindustan Times-2024a">{{Cite news |title=Arvind Kejriwal hearing LIVE Updates: All eyes on Supreme Court over Delhi CM's bail plea |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/arvind-kejriwal-hearing-live-updates-supreme-court-may-10-delhi-excise-policy-aap-manish-sisodia-liquor-policy-101715301901261.html |work=Hindustan Times |date=10 May 2024 |access-date=10 May 2024}}</ref> Kejriwal surrendered at [[Tihar Jail]] after the expiry of his bail period on 2 June 2024. On 13 September 2024, he was granted bail by Supreme Court with certain conditions, the case still continues.<ref name="Sharda-2024">{{Cite magazine |last=Sharda |first=Kanu |date=13 September 2024 |title=Dos and don'ts for Arvind Kejriwal as Supreme Court grants him bail |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/supreme-court-arvind-kejriwal-bail-conditions-2599029-2024-09-13 |magazine=India Today |access-date=13 September 2024}}</ref> On 17 September 2024, he resigned as Delhi Chief Minister saying he will only become CM again if he receives a public mandate.<ref name="Bhanj-2024" />

His party suffered a heavy defeat in the [[2025 Delhi Legislative Assembly election]], with he himself losing his seat to [[Parvesh Verma]] by a margin of over 4,000 votes from the [[New Delhi Assembly constituency]] along with many other notable [[Aam Aadmi Party|AAP]] members. On 27 February 2026, he was granted a clean chit in the excise policy case, along with 22 others, inculding Manish Sisodia.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Kumar |first=Rajesh |date=February 28, 2026 |title=Kejriwal, others gets clean chit in excise policy case |url=https://dailypioneer.com/news/kejriwal-others-gets-clean-chit-in-excise-policy-case |work=The Pioneer |access-date=2026-03-07}}</ref>

==Early life and career==
Kejriwal was born in a [[Haryanvi people|Haryanvi]] [[Agrawal]]-[[Bania (caste)|Baniya]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.livemint.com/Leisure/TYwWWYXGX3L72a1psxhe3N/A-history-of-the-Agarwals.html|title=A history of the Agarwals|first=Aakar|last=Patel|date=6 February 2015|website=Mint|access-date=21 December 2019}}</ref> family in [[Siwani]] in the [[Bhiwani district]] of [[Haryana]], India on 16 August 1968, the first of the three children of Gobind Ram Kejriwal and Gita Devi. His father was an electrical engineer who graduated from the [[Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra]]. Kejriwal spent most of his childhood in north Indian towns such as [[Sonipat]], [[Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh|Ghaziabad]] and [[Hisar (city)|Hisar]]. He was educated at [[Campus School CCS HAU, Hisar|Campus School]] in Hisar<ref name="rmaf">{{cite web|title=Ramon Magsaysay Award to Activist Arvind Kejriwal|url=http://rmaward.asia/rmtli/arvind-kejriwal-a-peoples-leader/|publisher=Ramon Magsaysay Foundation|access-date=24 August 2018|archive-date=6 May 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180506173619/http://rmaward.asia/rmtli/arvind-kejriwal-a-peoples-leader/|url-status=dead}}</ref> and at Holy Child School at [[Sonipat]].<ref name=caravan>{{cite news|last=Jeelani|first=Mehboob|title=The Insurgent|url=http://www.caravanmagazine.in/reportage/insurgent|access-date=10 April 2014|newspaper=The Caravan|date=1 September 2011}}</ref> In 1985, he took the [[IIT JEE|IIT-JEE]] exam and secured All India Rank (AIR) of 563.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.deccanherald.com/content/557005/kejriwal-got-563-rank-jee.html|title=Kejriwal got 563 rank in JEE, says institute|website=Deccan Herald|access-date=26 December 2016|date=10 July 2016}}</ref> He graduated from [[Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur]], majoring in mechanical engineering.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/india/kejriwal-got-563-rank-jee-2074382|title=Kejriwal 563 rank in JEE, says institute|last=Pandey|first=Sanjay|date=10 July 2016|work=Deccan Herald}}</ref>

He joined [[Tata Steel]] in 1989 and was posted in [[Jamshedpur]], [[Bihar]] (now in [[Jharkhand]]). Kejriwal resigned in 1992, having taken leave of absence to study for the [[Civil Services Examination]].<ref name="rmaf" /> He spent some time in [[Calcutta]] (present-day Kolkata), where he met [[Mother Teresa]], and volunteered with The [[Missionaries of Charity]] and at the [[Ramakrishna Mission]] in [[North-East India]] and at [[Nehru Yuva Kendra Sangathan|Nehru Yuva Kendra]].<ref name="ashoka">{{cite web|url=http://india.ashoka.org/fellow/arvind-kejriwal |title=Arvind Kejriwal |publisher=Ashoka |year=2004 |access-date=24 September 2013 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130928232958/http://india.ashoka.org/fellow/arvind-kejriwal |archive-date=28 September 2013 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=25 December 2016|title=My Days With Mother Teresa, My Coming of Age - Arvind Kejriwal|url=https://www.news18.com/news/india/my-days-with-mother-teresa-my-coming-of-age-kejriwal-1288183.html|access-date=15 November 2020|website=News18|language=en}}</ref>

===IRS===
Arvind Kejriwal joined the [[Indian Revenue Service]] (IRS) as an Assistant Commissioner of Income Tax in 1995, after qualifying through the [[Civil Services Examination]].<ref name="IBN_2011_accepts">{{cite news|url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/govt-accepts-kejriwals-resignation/213611-37-64.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120107192828/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/govt-accepts-kejriwals-resignation/213611-37-64.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=7 January 2012|agency=Press Trust of India (PTI) |date=21 December 2011|access-date=21 December 2011|title=Federal Government accepts Kejriwal's resignation after six years in 2011|publisher=CNN-IBN}}</ref><ref>[http://delhi.gov.in/wps/portal/!ut/p/c0/04_SB8K8xLLM9MSSzPy8xBz9CP0os3hvdxMXExdTEwMDXzNzA09_YyOPEHcnAwMLQ_2CbEdFAIa72s0!/?WCM_PORTLET=PC_7_KG4D4D5400M670IO32HTGB0046_WCM&WCM_GLOBAL_CONTEXT=/wps/wcm/connect/DoIT/delhi+govt/about+cm/about+cm delhi.gov.in, ''About Our Honorable Chief Minister''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190331065546/http://delhi.gov.in/wps/portal/!ut/p/c0/04_SB8K8xLLM9MSSzPy8xBz9CP0os3hvdxMXExdTEwMDXzNzA09_YyOPEHcnAwMLQ_2CbEdFAIa72s0!/?WCM_PORTLET=PC_7_KG4D4D5400M670IO32HTGB0046_WCM&WCM_GLOBAL_CONTEXT=%2Fwps%2Fwcm%2Fconnect%2FDoIT%2Fdelhi+govt%2Fabout+cm%2Fabout+cm|date=31 March 2019}}: "A social activist, political reformer and a former Officer Income Tax department, Mr. Kejriwal is known for his commitment towards the Right to Information and struggle for the anti-corruption Lokpal."</ref><ref>Arvind Mohan Dwivedi, Rajneesh Roshan (2014), ''Magnetic Personality : Arvind Kejriwal'', Diamond Pocket Books Pvt Ltd</ref> In February 2006, he resigned from his position as Joint Commissioner of Income Tax in New Delhi.<ref name="IBN_2011_accepts"/>

In 2012, Arvind Kejriwal founded the Aam Aadmi Party ([[Aam Aadmi Party|AAP]]) to fight corruption and improve governance. The party made its mark in the [[2013 Delhi Legislative Assembly election|2013 Legislative Assembly election]], but his first government lasted only 49 days. In 2015, Kejriwal returned with a decisive victory, focusing on [[education]], [[Health care|healthcare]], and [[Welfare spending|welfare]]. He was re-elected in 2020, further cementing his leadership in Delhi. However, his defeat in 2025 in Delhi polls revealed his short comings. Since 2012, he has acted as the main national convenor of AAP.

==Activism==

===Parivartan and Kabir===
{{main|Parivartan}}

In December 1999, while still in service with the Income Tax Department, Kejriwal, [[Manish Sisodia]] and others founded a movement named [[Parivartan]] (which means "change"), in the Sundar Nagar area of Delhi. A month later, in January 2000, Kejriwal took a sabbatical from work to focus on Parivartan.<ref name="Meera2010">{{cite book |author=Meera Johri |title=Greatness of Spirit: Profiles of Indian Magsaysay Award Winners |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=j1iegDJAYakC&pg=PA199 |year=2010 |publisher=Rajpal & Sons |isbn=978-81-7028-858-9 |pages=199–}}</ref><ref name="infochange_2003">{{cite news |url=http://infochangeindia.org/right-to-information/stories-of-change/parivartan-fights-for-peoples-right-to-information.html |archive-url=https://archive.today/20150131071520/http://infochangeindia.org/right-to-information/stories-of-change/parivartan-fights-for-peoples-right-to-information.html |url-status=usurped |archive-date=31 January 2015 |title=Parivartan fights for people's right to information |year=2003 |publisher=InfoChange }}</ref>

Parivartan addressed citizens' grievances related to [[Public Distribution System]] (PDS), public works, social welfare schemes, income tax and electricity. It was not a registered [[Non-governmental organization|NGO]] - it ran on individual donations, and was characterised as a ''jan andolan'' ("people's movement") by its members.<ref name="Outlook_2012_tatters">{{cite news |title=The More They Change: Kejriwal's original experiment in Sundar Nagri lies in tatters |first=Panini |last=Anand |url=http://www.outlookindia.com/article.aspx?281825 |publisher=Outlook India |date=13 August 2012 |access-date=23 December 2013}}</ref> Later, in 2005, Kejriwal and Manish Sisodia launched Kabir, a registered NGO named after the medieval philosopher [[Kabir]]. Like Parivartan, Kabir was also focused on RTI and participatory governance. However, unlike Parivartan, it accepted institutional donations. According to Kejriwal, Kabir was mainly run by Sisodia.<ref name="Outlook_2011_clue">{{cite journal |url=http://www.outlookindia.com/article/No-Clue-Where-Donations-In-The-Past-Year-Came-From/278266 |title=No Clue Where Donations In The Past Year Came From |journal=Outlook |date=19 September 2011 |author=Saba Naqvi }}</ref>

In 2000, Parivartan filed a [[public interest litigation]] (PIL) demanding transparency in public dealings of the Income Tax department, and also organised a [[satyagraha]] outside the Chief Commissioner's office.<ref name="BT_2008_cleanup">{{cite journal |url=http://businesstoday.intoday.in/story/cleanup-crusader--arvind-kejriwal/1/1194.html |title=Arvind Kejriwal: The clean-up crusader |date=13 January 2008 |journal=Business Today |author=Kapil Bajaj }}</ref> Kejriwal and other activists also stationed themselves outside the electricity department, asking visitors not to pay bribes and offered to help them in getting work done for free.<ref name="Outlook_2006_change">{{cite web|title=Magsaysay Award: "Change Begins With Small Things"|publisher=Outlook |access-date=31 July 2006 |url=http://www.outlookindia.com/article.aspx?232016}}</ref>

In 2001, the Delhi government enacted a state-level Right To Information (RTI) Act, which allowed the citizens to access government records for a small fee. Parivartan used RTI to help people get their work done in government departments without paying a bribe. In 2002, the group obtained official reports on 68 public works projects in the area, and performed a community-led audit to expose misappropriations worth {{INR}} 7 million in 64 of the projects.<ref name="infochange_2003"/> On 14 December 2002, Parivartan organised a ''Jan sunvai'' (public hearing), in which the citizens held public officials and leaders accountable for the lack of development in their locality.<ref name="WB_2003">{{cite web |url=http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTEMPOWERMENT/Resources/Montevideo.pdf |title=Parivartan: Countering corruption in Delhi |year=2003 |publisher=World Bank }}</ref>

In 2003 (and again in 2008<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-newdelhi/one-family-many-ration-cards-and-a-major-scam/article1292093.ece |title=One family, many ration cards and a major scam |date=8 July 2008 |work=The Hindu}}</ref>), Parivartan exposed a PDS scam, in which [[ration shop]] dealers were siphoning off subsidised foodgrains in collusion with civic officials. In 2004, Parivartan used RTI applications to access communication between government agencies and the [[World Bank]], regarding a project for [[privatisation of water]] supply. Kejriwal and other activists questioned the huge expenditure on the project and argued that it would hike water tariffs ten-fold, thus effectively cutting off the water supply to the city's poor. The project was stalled as a result of Parivartan's activism. Another campaign by Parivartan led to a court order that required private schools, which had received public land at discounted prices, to admit more than 700 poor kids without a fee.<ref name="BT_2008_cleanup"/><ref name="Outlook_2006_change"/>

Along with other social activists like [[Anna Hazare]], [[Aruna Roy]] and [[National Campaign for People's Right to Information|Shekhar Singh]], Kejriwal came to be recognised as an important contributor to the campaign for a national-level [[Right to Information Act]] (enacted in 2005).<ref name="BT_2008_cleanup"/> He resigned from his job in February 2006, and later that year, he was given the Ramon Magsaysay Award for Emergent Leadership, for his involvement with Parivartan.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Arvind Kejriwal selected for Magsaysay Award - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/world/rest-of-world/arvind-kejriwal-selected-for-magsaysay-award/articleshow/1832474.cms|url-status=live|access-date=9 September 2021|website=The Times of India|date=31 July 2006|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140227055150/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com:80/world/rest-of-world/arvind-kejriwal-selected-for-magsaysay-award/articleshow/1832474.cms |archive-date=27 February 2014 }}</ref> The award recognised him for activating the RTI movement at the grassroots and empowering New Delhi's poor citizens to fight corruption.<ref name="Outlook_2006_change" />

By 2012, Parivartan was largely inactive. Sundar Nagri, where the movement was concentrated, suffered from irregular water supply, unreliable PDS system and poorly done public works.<ref name="Outlook_2012_tatters"/> Calling it "ephemeral and delusionary in nature", Kejriwal noted that Parivartan's success was limited, and the changes brought by it did not last long.<ref name="Swaraj">{{cite book |title=Swaraj |first=Arvind |last=Kejriwal |page=6 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qk6YyKRRIk0C |isbn=978-81-7223-767-7 |publisher=Harper Collins|date=10 October 2012 }}</ref>

===Public Cause Research Foundation===

In December 2006, Kejriwal established the Public Cause Research Foundation in December 2006, together with [[Manish Sisodia]] and Abhinandan Sekhri. He donated his Ramon Magsaysay Award prize money as a [[seed money|seed fund]]. Besides the three founders, [[Prashant Bhushan]] and [[Kiran Bedi]] served as the Foundation's trustees.<ref name="PCRF_aboutus">{{cite web|url=http://www.pcrf.in/aboutus.html |title=About Us |publisher=Public Cause Research Foundation |access-date=23 December 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141213111849/http://www.pcrf.in/aboutus.html |archive-date=13 December 2014 }}</ref> This new body paid the employees of Parivartan.<ref name="Outlook_2012_tatters" /> Kejriwal used the RTI Act in corruption cases in many government departments including the Income Tax Department, the [[Municipal Corporation of Delhi]], the [[Public Distribution System]] and the [[Delhi Vidyut Board|Delhi Electricity Board.]]<ref name="ashoka" />

===Jan Lokpal movement===
{{main|2011 Indian anti-corruption movement}}
In 2010, Kejriwal protested against corruption in the [[Commonwealth Games]]. He argued that the [[Central Vigilance Commission]] (CVC) did not have any powers to take any action against the guilty, while [[Central Bureau of Investigation|CBI]] was incapable of launching an unbiased investigation against the ministers who controlled it. He advocated appointment of public [[ombudsman]] - Lokpal at the Centre and Lokayuktas in states.<ref>{{cite journal |url=http://www.outlookindia.com/article/Open-Letter-To-Sonia-Gandhi/267215 |title=Open Letter To Sonia Gandhi |journal=Outlook |date=4 October 2010 |author=Arvind Kejriwal }}</ref>

In 2011, Kejriwal joined several other activists, including [[Anna Hazare]] and [[Kiran Bedi]], to form the [[India Against Corruption]] (IAC) group. The IAC demanded enactment of the [[Jan Lokpal Bill]], which would result in a strong ombudsman. The campaign evolved into the [[2011 Indian anti-corruption movement]]. In response to the campaign, the government's advisory body - the [[National Advisory Council]] - drafted a Lokpal Bill. However, the NAC's Bill was criticised by Kejriwal and other activists on the grounds that it did not have enough powers to take action against the prime minister, other corrupt officeholders, and the judiciary. The activists also criticised the procedure for the selection of Lokpal, the transparency clauses and the proposal to disallow the Lokpal from taking cognizance of public grievances.<ref>{{cite journal |url=http://www.outlookindia.com/article/The-People-Legislate/271401 |title=The People Legislate |journal=Outlook |date=25 April 2011 |author=Saikat Datta }}</ref>

Amid continuing protests, the Government constituted a committee to Draft a [[Jan Lokpal Bill]]. Kejriwal was one of the [[civil society]] representative members of this committee. However, he alleged that the IAC activists had an unequal position in the committee, and the government appointees kept ignoring their recommendations. The Government argued that the activists could not be allowed to blackmail the elected representatives through protests. Kejriwal retorted that democratically elected representatives could not be allowed to function like dictators, and asked for a public debate on the contentious issues.<ref>{{cite journal |url=http://www.outlookindia.com/article/Thus-Spake-Hammurabi/277045 |title=Thus Spake Hammurabi |journal=Outlook |date=20 June 2011 |author=Saikat Datta and Anuradha Raman}}</ref>

The IAC activists intensified their protests, and [[Anna Hazare]] organised a [[hunger strike]]. Kejriwal and other activists were arrested for defying a police directive to give a written undertaking that they will not go to JP Park. Kejriwal attacked the government on this and said there was a need for a debate over police power to detain and release people at will.<ref>{{cite news|title=Anna to stay in Tihar till venue is ready|url=http://www.timesnow.tv/Kejriwal-leaves-Tihar-jail-Anna-next/articleshow/4381598.cms|access-date=26 June 2013|work=The Times of India|date=18 August 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://archive.tehelka.com/story_main49.asp?filename=Ws090411TheTenMen.asp|title=Members of JanLokPal Draft Committee|publisher=Tehelka|location=New Delhi|access-date=6 August 2013|date=9 April 2011|first=Arpit|last=Parashar|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130908100621/http://archive.tehelka.com/story_main49.asp?filename=Ws090411TheTenMen.asp|archive-date=8 September 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref> In August 2011, a settlement was reached between the Government and the activists.<ref>{{cite journal |url=http://www.outlookindia.com/article/The-After-Math/278181 |title=The After Math |journal=Outlook |date=12 September 2011 |author=Anuradha Raman}}</ref>

Besides the government, the [[India Against Corruption|Jan Lokpal movement]] was also criticised by some citizens as 'undemocratic' on the grounds that the ombudsman had powers over elected representatives. [[Arundhati Roy]] claimed that the movement was not a people's movement; instead, it was funded by foreigners to influence policymaking in India. She pointed out that the [[Ford Foundation]] had funded the Emergent Leadership category of the Ramon Magsaysay Award, and also donated $397,000 to Kejriwal's [[Non-governmental organization|NGO]] Kabir.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/jan-lokpal-bill-regressive-arundhati-roy/article2412518.ece |title=Jan Lokpal Bill regressive: Arundhati Roy |newspaper=The Hindu |date=30 August 2011 }}</ref> Both Kejriwal and Ford Foundation termed the allegations as baseless, stating that the donations were made to support the RTI campaigns. Besides, several other Indian organisations had also received grants from the Ford Foundation.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/economy-policy/claims-that-hazare-s-movement-is-us-funded-baseless-arvind-111083100109_1.html |title=Claims that Hazare's movement is US-funded baseless: Arvind |newspaper=Business Standard |author=Sreelatha Menon |date=31 August 2011 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |url=http://www.outlookindia.com/article/Flowing-The-Way-Of-Their-Money/278264 |title=Flowing The Way Of Their Money |journal=Outlook |date=19 September 2011 |author=Lola Nayar }}</ref> Kejriwal also denied the allegations that the movement was a plot against the ruling Congress by the [[Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh|RSS]], or that it was an upper-caste conspiracy against the [[Dalit]]s.<ref name="Outlook_2011_clue"/>

By January 2012, the Government had backtracked on its promise to implement a strong Jan Lokpal, resulting in another series of protests from Kejriwal and his fellow activists. These protests attracted lower participation compared to the 2011 protests.<ref>{{cite journal |url=http://www.outlookindia.com/article/End-Of-The-Marquee/279450 |title=End Of The Marquee |journal=Outlook |date=16 January 2012 |author=Anuradha Raman }}</ref> By mid-2012, Kejriwal had replaced Anna Hazare as the face of the remaining protestors.<ref>{{cite journal |url=http://www.outlookindia.com/article/Anna-The-Maskot/281093 |title=Anna, The Maskot |journal=Outlook |date=11 June 2012 |author=Anuradha Raman }}</ref> In January 2014, Kejriwal said that he will quit from the government if Jan Lokpal Bill is not passed.<ref>{{cite news |title=Arvind Kejriwal says will quit if Jan Lokpal Bill not passed |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/political-pulse/i-can-sacrifice-the-cms-seat-a-hundred-times-to-remove-corruption-arvind-kejriwal/ |access-date=9 June 2022 |work=The Indian Express |date=10 February 2014 |language=en}}</ref> In 2015, during the second term of the AAP government in Delhi, the [[Jan Lokpal Bill]] was passed by the assembly awaiting the president's approval.<ref name="indianexpress.com">{{cite web|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/cities/delhi/delhi-assembly-passes-jan-lokpal-bill-kejriwal-calls-it-a-historic-moment/|title=Delhi Assembly passes Jan Lokpal Bill, Kejriwal calls it a 'historic moment'|date=5 December 2015|work=The Indian Express}}</ref>

== National Convener of AAP ==
[[File: Arvind Kejriwal in Bangalore.JPG|thumb|right|Kejriwal during the launch of AAP in Bangalore, in July 2013]]
One of the major criticisms directed at the Jan Lokpal activists was that they had no right to dictate terms to the elected representatives. As a result, Kejriwal and other activists decided to enter politics and contest elections.<ref>{{cite journal |url=http://www.outlookindia.com/article/A-Political-Alternative-To-Alternative-Politics/282060 |title=A Political Alternative To Alternative Politics |journal=Outlook |date=3 September 2012 |author=Prashant Bhushan }}</ref> In November 2012, they formally launched the Aam Aadmi Party; Kejriwal was elected as the party's National Convener. The party name reflects the phrase [[Aam Aadmi]], or "common man", whose interests Kejriwal proposed to represent.<ref>{{cite news|title=Arvind Kejriwal formally launches Aam Aadmi Party|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/north/story/arvind-kejriwal-aam-aadmi-party-formal-launch-jantar-mantar-122520-2012-11-25|publisher=India Today|access-date=26 November 2012}}</ref> The establishment of AAP caused a rift between Kejriwal and Hazare.<ref>{{cite news |title=Anna Hazare, Arvind Kejriwal rift widens to breaking point |date=16 December 2013 |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-anna-hazare-arvind-kejriwal-rift-widens-to-breaking-point-1935762 |publisher=DNA India |access-date=19 March 2014}}</ref>

AAP decided to contest the [[2013 Delhi Legislative Assembly election]], with Kejriwal contesting against the incumbent Chief Minister [[Sheila Dikshit]]. Kejriwal became the fifth most-mentioned Indian politician on social media channels in the run-up to the elections.<ref>{{cite web|title=Can Social media be a gamechanger in the 2014 Lok Sabha elections? |url=http://daily.bhaskar.com/article/DEL-social-media-to-be-a-game-changer-in-2014-lok-sabha-elections-for-narendra-modi--4324902-PHO.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130723021137/http://daily.bhaskar.com/article/DEL-social-media-to-be-a-game-changer-in-2014-lok-sabha-elections-for-narendra-modi--4324902-PHO.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=23 July 2013 |publisher=Daily Bhaskar |access-date=20 July 2013}}</ref>

==Chief Minister of Delhi==
===First term===
{{main|First Kejriwal ministry}}
In the 2013, Delhi Legislative Assembly elections for all 70 seats, the Bharatiya Janata Party won 31 seats, followed by Aam Aadmi Party with 28 seats.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/28-aap-mlas-choose-arvind-kejriwal-as-leader-in-delhi-assembly/438689-80-258.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131211040855/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/28-aap-mlas-choose-arvind-kejriwal-as-leader-in-delhi-assembly/438689-80-258.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=11 December 2013 |title=28 AAP MLAs choose Arvind Kejriwal as leader in Delhi Assembly |publisher=IBN |date=9 December 2013 |access-date=19 December 2013}}</ref> Kejriwal defeated incumbent Chief Minister, Sheila Dikshit of the [[Indian National Congress]] (INC), in her constituency of [[New Delhi (Delhi Assembly constituency)|New Delhi]]<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.ndtv.com/elections/article/assembly-polls/assembly-election-2013-arvind-kejriwal-sweeps-sheila-dikshit-right-out-of-her-constituency-456109?pfrom=home-elecdec13_mainstory |title=Assembly election 2013: Arvind Kejriwal sweeps Sheila Dikshit right out of her constituency |date=8 December 2013 |publisher=NDTV }}</ref> by a margin of 25,864 votes.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://eciresults.ap.nic.in/ConstituencywiseU0540.htm?ac=40|title=Election Commission of India Official Results|access-date=23 December 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131215042131/http://eciresults.ap.nic.in/ConstituencywiseU0540.htm?ac=40|archive-date=15 December 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref>

AAP formed a minority government in the [[hung parliament|hung assembly]], (claiming support for the action gauged from opinion polls) with outside support from the eight INC MLAs, one Janata Dal MLA and one independent MLA.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://zeenews.india.com/news/nation/arvind-kejriwal-to-be-delhi-s-youngest-cm-who-will-his-minister-s-be_898827.html |title=Arvind Kejriwal to be Delhi's youngest CM; who will his ministers be? |publisher=Zee News |date=23 December 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Fulfill promises, Sheila Dikshit tells Aam Aadmi Party |agency=IANS |publisher=NDTV |date=23 December 2013|url=http://www.ndtv.com/article/india/fulfill-promises-sheila-dikshit-tells-aam-aadmi-party-462091?curl=1387819909 |access-date=23 December 2013}}</ref> Kejriwal was sworn in as the second-youngest chief minister of Delhi on 28 December 2013, after [[Chaudhary Brahm Prakash]] who became chief minister at the age of 34.<ref>{{cite news |title=Arvind Kejriwal becomes Delhi's youngest Chief Minister |publisher=IBN |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/assembly-elections-2013/delhi-assembly-elections/Aam-Admi-Arvind-Kejriwal-takes-oath-as-Delhi-CM-vows-change-in-governance/articleshow/28047952.cms |date=28 December 2013 |access-date=28 December 2013}}</ref><ref name=ministry>{{cite news|title=Kejriwal sworn-in as Delhi's Chief Minister|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Delhi/kejriwal-swornin-as-delhis-chief-minister/article5511463.ece|access-date=28 December 2013|newspaper=The Hindu|date=28 December 2013}}</ref> He was in charge of Delhi's home, power, planning, finance, services and vigilance ministries.<ref>{{cite news |title=Kejriwal takes charge as Delhi CM, discusses women's security with police chief |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/north/story/arvind-kejriwal-aap-cm-delhi-ramlila-maidan-222256-2013-12-27 |publisher=India Today |date=28 December 2013 |access-date=31 October 2015}}</ref>

On 14 February 2014, he resigned as Chief Minister after failing to table the Jan Lokpal Bill in the Delhi Assembly. He recommended the dissolution of the Assembly.<ref>{{cite news|title=Arvind Kejriwal quits as Delhi CM after Jan Lokpal fiasco|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/arvind-kejriwal-quits-as-delhi-cm-after-jan-lokpal-fiasco/articleshow/30409661.cms|newspaper=Economic Times|access-date=15 February 2014|date=15 February 2014}}</ref> Kejriwal blamed the Indian National Congress and the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] for stalling the anti-corruption legislation and linked it with the government's decision to register a [[First Information Report]] (FIR) against industrialist [[Mukesh Ambani]], chairman and managing director of [[Reliance Industries]].<ref name="quit">{{cite news|title=Arvind Kejriwal quits over Jan Lokpal|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Delhi/arvind-kejriwal-quits-over-jan-lokpal/article5688528.ece|access-date=3 March 2014|newspaper=The Hindu|date=14 February 2014|last1=Ali|first1=Mohammad|last2=Kant|first2=Vishal|last3=Ashok|first3=Sowmiya}}</ref> In April 2014 he said that he had made a mistake by resigning without publicly explaining the rationale behind his decision.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20140413094924/http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/arvindkejriwalacommonmaninpolitics/resigning-as-delhi-cm-was-a-mistake-admits-kejriwal/article1-1206879.aspx "Quitting as Delhi CM was a 'mistake', admits Kejriwal"], ''Hindustan Times'', 11 April 2014.</ref>

===Second term===
{{main|Second Kejriwal ministry}}
Kejriwal led Aam Aadmi Party won 67 of the 70 constituencies in the 2015 Delhi Assembly elections, leaving the BJP with three seats and the INC with none.<ref>{{cite web|title=Partywise results, NCT of Dehli - Election Commission of India|url=http://eciresults.nic.in/PartyWiseResult.htm|access-date=10 February 2015|archive-date=15 December 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131215065208/http://eciresults.nic.in/PartyWiseResult.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> In those elections, he was again elected from the New Delhi constituency, defeating [[Nupur Sharma (politician)|Nupur Sharma]] by 31,583 votes.<ref>{{cite web|title=New Dehli results - Election Commission of India|url=http://eciresults.nic.in/ConstituencywiseU0540.htm?ac=40|access-date=10 February 2015|archive-date=28 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150928070634/http://eciresults.nic.in/ConstituencywiseU0540.htm?ac=40|url-status=dead}}</ref> He took oath on 14 February 2015 as Delhi's chief minister for a second time at [[Ramlila Maidan]].<ref>{{cite news |date=14 February 2015 |title=It's AAP ki Dilli: Arvind Kejriwal takes oath as Delhi chief minister at packed Ramlila Maidan |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/newdelhi/live-it-s-aap-ki-dilli-arvind-kejriwal-takes-oath-as-delhi-chief-minister-at-ramlila-maidan/article1-1316659.aspx |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150214094653/http://www.hindustantimes.com/newdelhi/live-it-s-aap-ki-dilli-arvind-kejriwal-takes-oath-as-delhi-chief-minister-at-ramlila-maidan/article1-1316659.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-date=14 February 2015 |publisher=Hindustan Times |access-date=14 February 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Arvind Kejriwal takes oath as Delhi CM|website=[[The Times of India]]|date=14 February 2015 |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/Kejriwal-takes-oath-as-Delhi-CM/liveblog/46240399.cms|access-date=14 February 2015}}</ref> Since then his party has passed the Jan Lokpal Bill though with some differences.<ref name="indianexpress.com"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/explained/janlokpal-the-difference-between-2014-and-2015-bill/|title=The difference between 2014 and 2015 Janlokpal Bills, and AAP's counters|date=1 December 2015|work=The Indian Express}}</ref>

There has been a long-running dispute between Kejriwal's office and that of the [[Lieutenant Governor of Delhi|Lieutenant-Governor of Delhi]] during Kejriwal's second term as Chief Minister. Various issues have been involved, relating which office has ultimate responsibility for various aspects of government, including some significant public appointments. Manish Sisodia characterised it as "a battle between the selected and the elected" and indicated after a legal setback that the government was prepared to take the issues to the [[Supreme Court of India]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Delhi is Lt Governor territory, Kejriwal govt's orders illegal: High Court |first=Aneesha |last=Mathur |date=5 August 2016 |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-news-india/setback-for-aap-arvind-kejriwal-govt-delhi-hc-says-l-g-najeeb-jung-is-administrative-head-of-national-capital-territory-2952944 |work=Indian Express |access-date=13 July 2016}}/</ref>

[[Mohalla Clinics]] that are [[Primary Health Centre (India)|primary health centres]] in Delhi was first set up by the Aam Aadmi Party government in 2015, and as of 2018, 187<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/delhi-news/aap-completes-3-years-in-delhi-a-look-at-kejriwal-govt-s-achievements-failures/story-bDy16KdOYHbg17lkyGwOqK.html|title=AAP completes 3 years in Delhi: A look at Kejriwal govt's achievements, failures|date=14 February 2018|work=hindustantimes.com|last=Goswami|first=Sweta|access-date=12 May 2018|language=en}}</ref> such clinics have been set up across the state and served more than 2 million residents.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/cities/delhi/unbelievable-to-reality-cm-arvind-kejriwal-opens-citys-first-mohalla-clinic/|title='Unbelievable' to reality: CM Arvind Kejriwal opens city's first 'mohalla clinic'|date=20 July 2015|work=The Indian Express|last=Chatterjee|first=Pritha|access-date=11 May 2017|language=en-US}}</ref> The Government has kept a target of setting up 1000 such clinics in the city before 2020 Delhi Legislative Assembly Elections. Mohalla Clinics offer a basic package of essential [[Health care|health services]] including medicines, diagnostics, and consultation free of cost.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Sharma|first=Dinesh C|date=10 December 2016|title=Delhi looks to expand community clinic initiative|url=http://thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(16)32513-2/fulltext|journal=The Lancet|language=en|volume=388|issue=10062|pages=2855|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(16)32513-2|pmid=27979396|s2cid=5464357|issn=0140-6736|url-access=subscription}}</ref> These clinics serve as the first point of contact for the population, offer timely services, and reduce the load of referrals to secondary and [[Tertiary referral hospital|tertiary health facilities]] in the state.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.livemint.com/Politics/2eLDiYGimiqEViOCR5d4FN/Mohalla-clinic-AAP-offers-affordable-healthcare-model-at-do.html|title=Mohalla clinic: AAP offers affordable healthcare model at doorstep|last=Khanna|first=Pretika|date=30 August 2016|work=livemint.com/|access-date=11 May 2017}}</ref> Beginning in October 2019, New Delhi began rolling out free bus transit for women on the [[Delhi Transport Corporation]], with women travelling for free when using pink tickets carrying a message from Kejriwal.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.voanews.com/a/south-central-asia_delhi-hands-out-pink-tickets-rolls-out-free-bus-travel-women/6178459.html |publisher=[[Voice of America]] |title=Delhi Hands Out Pink Tickets, Rolls Out Free Bus Travel for Women |author=Agence France-Presse |date=29 October 2019|author-link=Agence France-Presse }}</ref> He has been criticised for his controversial remarks over [[Biharis]] and "outsiders".<ref name="The Hindu-2019">{{Cite news|agency=[[Press Trust of India]]|date=19 October 2019|title=Complaint lodged against Kejriwal in Bihar court|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Delhi/complaint-lodged-against-delhi-cm-arvind-kejriwal-in-bihar-court/article29744247.ece|access-date=25 June 2020|issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Hatred towards Purvanchalis not justified: Manoj Tiwari slams Delhi CM Arvind Kejriwal|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/hatred-towards-purvanchalis-not-justified-manoj-tiwari-slams-delhi-cm-arvind-kejriwal-1604798-2019-09-30|access-date=25 June 2020|website=India Today|date=30 September 2019 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=27 February 2020|title=Arvind Kejriwal blames 'outsiders', 'politics of hate' for violence; visits riot-hit localities|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/delhi-news/arvind-kejriwal-blames-outsiders-politics-of-hate-for-violence-visits-riot-hit-localities/story-OF0jcl3LiMlM438LMHihDN.html|access-date=25 June 2020|website=Hindustan Times|language=en}}</ref>

[[Shunglu Committee]] submitted a report to LG of Delhi raising questions over decisions of Government of Delhi.<ref>{{citation |title=Shunglu panel: Aam Aadmi Party usurped power of top bureaucrats |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/cities/delhi/aap-usurped-power-of-top-bureaucrats-shunglu-panel-4601370/ |work=[[The Indian Express]] |date=6 April 2017 }}</ref>

===Third term===
{{main|Third Kejriwal ministry}}
AAP won 62 seats out of 70 in the [[2020 Delhi Legislative Assembly election]]. He took oath on 16 February 2020 as Delhi's chief minister for a third time at Ramlila Maidan, equalling the record of [[Sheila Dikshit]].<ref name="Oath 2020">{{cite news |title=Arvind Kejriwal sworn in as Delhi chief minister at Ramlila Maidan |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/india/arvind-kejriwal-sworn-in-as-delhi-chief-minister-at-ramlila-maidan/cid/1745742 |date= 16 February 2020 |access-date=28 May 2022 |work=[[The Telegraph (India)|The Telegraph]]}}</ref> On 21 March 2024, he became the first ever sitting chief minister in India to be arrested and imprisoned.<ref name="sit" /><ref>{{Cite news |last=Pathak |first=Vikas |date=22 March 2024 |title=As Kejriwal becomes first sitting CM to be held, a look at ex-CMs' arrests: Soren to Jayalalithaa to Lalu |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/political-pulse/arvind-kejriwal-ed-arrest-cm-soren-jayalalitha-lalu-9227786/ |work=The Indian Express |access-date=15 September 2024}}</ref> After being released on bail by the Supreme Court, he vowed to resign from the post of chief minister on 15 September 2024 to campaign for the upcoming Delhi assembly elections.<ref name="Bhanj-2024">{{Cite news |last=Bhanj |first=Jaideep Deo |date=15 September 2024 |title=Arvind Kejriwal to resign as Delhi CM, vows to return only with people's support |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/arvind-kejriwal-to-resign-as-delhi-chief-minister/article68644815.ece |work=The Hindu |issn=0971-751X |access-date=15 September 2024}}</ref> He resigned formally on 17 September 2024<ref>{{Cite news |title=Arvind Kejriwal Resignation Live Updates: 'Kejriwal will be back', says Atishi after staking claim; BJP questions CM-designate's 'background' |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/delhi/arvind-kejriwal-resignation-live-updates-delhi-aap-cm-manish-sisodia-atishi-marlena-governer-lg-saxena/liveblog/113409200.cms |work=The Times of India |date=18 September 2024 |access-date=18 September 2024}}</ref> and AAP named education minister [[Atishi Marlena Singh|Atishi Marlena]] as his replacement.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Atishi to be new chief minister of India's capital territory Delhi |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/9/17/atishi-to-be-new-chief-minister-of-indias-capital-territory-delhi |work=Al Jazeera |date=17 September 2024 |access-date=17 September 2024}}</ref>

==== COVID-19 Mismanagement ====
During the COVID-19 pandemic in India in April 2021, Congress accused the Kejriwal government of spending significant amounts on publicity campaigns while failing to augment oxygen storage capacity and set up new oxygen plants in the National Capital Territory over the preceding year.<ref>{{cite news |date=24 April 2021 |title=Rs 822 crore for advertisement but nothing to augment oxygen supply: Congress slams Arvind Kejriwal |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/rs-822-crore-for-advertisement-but-nothing-to-augment-oxygen-supply-congress-slams-arvind-kejriwal/2239551/ |access-date=24 March 2024 |work=Financialexpress |agency=PTI}}</ref> A Central government-appointed committee criticised the Aam Aadmi Party (AAP)-led Delhi government for using state funds for advertisements that promoted Chief Minister Arvind Kejriwal and his party, allegedly violating Supreme Court guidelines.<ref>{{cite news |date=16 September 2016 |title='Kejriwal govt misused public funds on advertisements, must reimburse exchequer' |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/kejriwal-govt-misused-public-funds-on-advertisements-must-reimburse-exchequer/story-QQBY42gJXn16ne89vmJqyJ.html |access-date=24 March 2024 |work=Hindustan Times |agency=PTI}}</ref>

In a reply to a [[Right to Information|Right to Information (RTI)]] query, it was revealed that funds were allocated in December 2020 to establish eight oxygen plants in Delhi, but only one plant was completed. The remaining funds were reportedly diverted to advertising expenditures. During the oxygen crisis in 2021, the central government increased oxygen allocations for Delhi, prompting Kejriwal to publicly thank the central government for providing 730 tons of oxygen.<ref>{{cite news |date=6 May 2021 |title=After Delhi gets 730 MT oxygen, CM Kejriwal thanks Centre, courts |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/india/after-delhi-gets-730-mt-oxygen-cm-kejriwal-thanks-centre-courts-983113.html |access-date=24 March 2024 |work=Deccan Herald}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=25 April 2021 |title=Arvind Kejriwal was given funds to set up oxygen plants, he gave ads instead: BJP alleges citing RTI reply |url=https://www.indiablooms.com/news-details/N/71413/arvind-kejriwal-was-given-funds-to-set-up-oxygen-plants-he-gave-ads-instead-bjp-alleges-citing-rti-reply.html |access-date=24 March 2024 |work=Indiablooms.com}}</ref> Critics accused Kejriwal of being "criminally liable" for the deaths of several patients in two Delhi hospitals due to oxygen shortages.<ref>{{cite news |date=14 May 2021 |title=Arvind Kejriwal govt 'failed' in oxygen storage & distribution, has 'criminal liability' for deaths: BJP |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/arvind-kejriwal-govt-failed-in-oxygen-storage-distribution-has-criminal-liability-for-deaths-bjp/articleshow/82630673.cms |access-date=24 March 2024 |work=The Economic Times |agency=PTI}}</ref>

In July 2022, a Supreme Court-appointed audit panel concluded that the Delhi government had exaggerated its oxygen requirements by four times during the [[COVID-19 pandemic in India#2021: Second wave|second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic]].<ref>{{Cite news |title=Delhi govt 'exaggerated' oxygen needs by 4 times during second wave peak: report |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/delhi-govt-exaggerated-oxygen-needs-by-4-times-during-second-wave-peak-report/article34962693.ece |work=The Hindu |issn=0971-751X |date=25 June 2021 |access-date=11 January 2025}}</ref>

==== Attack by BJP members ====
{{Main|Attack on Delhi Chief Minister's house}}
On 30 March 2022, the official residence of Delhi Chief Minister Arvind Kejriwal was attacked by a group of BJP supporters during a protest. Deputy Chief Minister Manish Sisodia alleged that the incident was part of a conspiracy to murder Kejriwal.<ref name="Tribune News Bhagwant 30 March 2022">{{cite news |date=30 March 2022 |title=Bhagwant Mann condemns attack on Arvind Kejriwal's house |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/punjab/punjab-cm-bhagwant-mann-condemns-the-attack-on-the-residence-of-delhi-cm-arvind-kejriwal-382118 |access-date=30 March 2022 |work=Tribuneindia News Service |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Tribune News 30 March 2022">{{cite news |date=30 March 2022 |title=Conspiracy to murder Kejriwal after poll defeat in Punjab: Delhi CM Sisodia's sensational claim |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/nation/byjm-activists-damaged-cctv-cameras-barriers-at-kejriwal-residence-during-protest-sisodia-382119 |work=Tribuneindia News Service |language=en}}</ref>

Following the incident, AAP MLA [[Saurabh Bhardwaj]] filed a petition in the [[Delhi High Court]] seeking the constitution of a [[Special Investigation Team (India)|Special Investigation Team]] (SIT) to investigate the attack. The petition claimed that the attack appeared to have been carried out with the "tacit complicity" of the Delhi Police.<ref name="Delhi High Court Hindu 1 April 2022">{{cite news |title=Delhi High Court seeks status report on attack outside CM Kejriwal's residence |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Delhi/delhi-high-court-seeks-status-report-on-attack-outside-cm-kejriwals-residence/article65280832.ece |access-date=2 April 2022 |work=The Hindu |date=1 April 2022 |language=en-IN}}</ref> It alleged that the attackers breached the security cordon, damaged property including CCTV cameras, and vandalised the residence while police personnel failed to intervene.<ref name="Delhi High Court Hindu 1 April 2022" />

On 31 March 2022, eight individuals involved in the attack were arrested. Charges under provisions related to obstructing public servants and damaging public property were filed. The Delhi High Court observed that the security arrangements at the Chief Minister's residence were inadequate to control the crowd and sought a status report from the Delhi Police on their investigation into the incident.<ref name="Eight Arrested">{{cite news |author=Staff Reporter |date=31 March 2022 |title=Kejriwal house vandalism: eight persons arrested by Delhi police |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Delhi/kejriwal-house-vandalism-eight-persons-arrested-by-delhi-police/article65276941.ece |access-date=2 April 2022 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN}}</ref><ref name="Delhi High Court Hindu 1 April 2022" />

==== 2024 arrest ====
{{Main|Arrest of Arvind Kejriwal}}
After skipping nine summons from the [[Enforcement Directorate]] (ED), Delhi Chief Minister Arvind Kejriwal was arrested on 21 March 2024 by the ED after the [[Delhi High Court]] rejected his anticipatory bail in connection with the [[Delhi liquor scam|Delhi liquor policy money laundering case]].<ref name="Arvind Kejriwal arrested by Enforcement Directorate in Delhi Excise policy case">{{cite news |work=The Hindu |date=21 March 2024 |title=Arvind Kejriwal arrested by Enforcement Directorate in Delhi Excise policy case |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/arvind-kejriwal-arrested-by-enforcement-directorate-in-delhi-excise-policy-case/article67976688.ece |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240321170521/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/arvind-kejriwal-arrested-by-enforcement-directorate-in-delhi-excise-policy-case/article67976688.ece |archive-date=21 March 2024 |access-date=21 March 2024}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=21 March 2024 |title=Delhi CM Arvind Kejriwal arrested by ED in excise policy case |url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/india/delhi-cm-arvind-kejriwal-arrested-by-enforcement-directorate-in-excise-policy-case-12504621.html |access-date=21 March 2024 |website=Moneycontrol |language=en}}</ref> This made him the first sitting chief minister of India to be arrested (all others arrested before him had resigned from their post before being arrested).<ref>{{Cite news |title=Arvind Kejriwal News {{!}} Arvind Kejriwal Arrest live updates: ED arrests Delhi CM Arvind Kejriwal after 2 hours of questioning |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/excise-policy-case-ed-officials-at-kejriwals-residence/liveblog/108683922.cms |work=The Times of India |date=21 March 2024 |access-date=21 March 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Jayalalithaa only other sitting CM to be arrested |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/jayalalithaa-only-other-sitting-cm-to-be-arrested/articleshow/108692428.cms |work=The Times of India |date=22 March 2024 |access-date=2 April 2024}}</ref> The opposition alliance called it a fabricated case and "[[match-fixing]]" before the [[2024 Indian general election|2024 general elections]] by the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] led union government.<ref name="Ellis-Petersen-2024" /> The [[Delhi High Court]] dismissed Kejriwal's petition against his arrest and all his bail requests. The Supreme Court ultimately granted him interim bail from 10 May 2024 to 1 June 2024 on account of campaigning for the elections.<ref name="Hindustan Times-2024a" /><ref>{{cite news |last1=Rajagopal |first1=Krishnadas |date=10 May 2024 |title=Arvind Kejriwal bail: Grant of interim bail is based on individual facts of each case, Supreme Court notes |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/grant-of-interim-bail-is-based-on-the-individual-facts-of-each-case-sc-notes/article68161716.ece |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240510185113/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/grant-of-interim-bail-is-based-on-the-individual-facts-of-each-case-sc-notes/article68161716.ece |archive-date=10 May 2024 |work=The Hindu |access-date=10 May 2024}}</ref><ref name="LiveMint-2024">{{Cite news |date=2 June 2024 |title=Arvind Kejriwal surrenders at Tihar jail after interim bail ends, says don't know when will I return |url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/arvind-kejriwal-surrender-live-updates-delhi-cm-rajghat-supreme-court-tihar-jail-excise-policy-case-11717322097569.html |work=LiveMint}}</ref>

Following the end of his interim bail and failure to extend it on medical grounds, Kejriwal surrendered at Tihar Jail on 2 June.<ref name="LiveMint-2024" /> He was then sent to judicial custody until 5 June 2024.<ref name="LiveMint-2024" /><ref>{{Cite web |date=2 June 2024 |title=After Surrender, Delhi Court Sends Arvind Kejriwal To Judicial Custody Till June 5 In Excise Policy Case |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/india/after-surrender-delhi-courts-sends-arvind-kejriwal-to-judicial-custody-till-june-5-in-excise-policy-case-article-110641267 |access-date=2 June 2024 |website=Times Now |language=en}}</ref> A Delhi court denied the plea filed by Kejriwal seeking a seven-day interim bail and extended judicial custody until 19 June and subsequently till 3 July 2024.<ref>{{cite news |date=6 June 2024 |title=Court denies bail to Arvind Kejriwal, says he's fine |url=https://tribuneindia.com/news/india/court-denies-bail-to-kejriwal-says-hes-fine-628404 |access-date=8 June 2024 |work=The Tribune}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=19 June 2024 |title=Delhi excise policy case: Arvind Kejriwal's judicial custody extended till July 3 |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Delhi/arvind-kejriwals-judicial-custody-extended-till-july-3-in-delhi-excise-policy-case/article68307306.ece |access-date=19 June 2024 |work=The Hindu |issn=0971-751X |agency=PTI}}</ref> On 20 June 2024 Kejriwal was granted bail by the trial court on a bail bond of 100,000 INR. However, his bail was put on hold before his release as ED appealed against it in the Delhi Hight Court.<ref name="Hindustan Times-2024b">{{cite news |date=20 June 2024 |title=Delhi CM Arvind Kejriwal granted bail in excise policy case |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/delhi-cm-arvind-kejriwal-granted-bail-in-excise-policy-case-101718893671406.html |access-date=20 June 2024 |work=Hindustan Times}}</ref> Kejriwal was then questioned for 3 days by the [[Central Bureau of Investigation|Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI)]] and arrested on 26 June 2024 from Tihar Jail in the same case. Subsequently, he was sent to judicial custody till 12 July.<ref name="CNBCTV18-2024">{{Cite news |date=26 June 2024 |title=Delhi Chief Minister Arvind Kejriwal arrested by CBI from Tihar jail |url=https://www.cnbctv18.com/india/politics/delhi-chief-minister-arvind-kejriwal-arrested-by-cbi-from-tihar-jail-19433670.htm |access-date=30 June 2024 |work=CNBCTV18}}</ref><ref name="The Times of India-2024a">{{Cite news |date=29 June 2024 |title=Excise policy case: Arvind Kejriwal sent to 14-day judicial custody of CBI |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/excise-policy-case-arvind-kejriwal-sent-to-14-day-judicial-custody-of-cbi/articleshow/111363827.cms |access-date=30 June 2024 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

On 12 July 2024, the Supreme Court granted interim bail to Kejriwal in money laundering case related to the alleged excise policy scam. However, he remained in jail due to the CBI arrest made in the previous month.<ref>{{Cite news |date=12 July 2024 |title=SC grants interim bail to Arvind Kejriwal, refers plea challenging ED arrest to larger Bench |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/arvind-kejriwal-supreme-court-verdict-live-updates-july-12-2024/article68395555.ece |access-date=12 July 2024 |work=The Hindu |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref name="The Times of India-2024b">{{Cite news |date=12 July 2024 |title=Arvind Kejriwal Supreme Court Verdict Live Updates: SC grants interim bail, but Delhi chief minister Arvind Kejriwal to remain in Tihar jail |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/delhi/arvind-kejriwal-supreme-court-verdict-live-updates-delhi-cm-excise-policy-case-ed-arrest-liquor-policy-case/liveblog/111676775.cms |access-date=12 July 2024 |work=The Times of India}}</ref> On 5 September 2024, the Supreme court reserved an order on his bail in the CBI case.<ref name="The Economic Times-2024">{{Cite news |date=5 September 2024 |title=SC reserves order in Arvind Kejriwal's bail plea; Delhi CM claims CBI made 'insurance arrest' after bail in ED case |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/india/arvind-kejriwal-bail-plea-in-sc-delhi-cm-claims-cbi-made-insurance-arrest-after-bail-in-ed-case/articleshow/113080973.cms |access-date=5 September 2024 |work=The Economic Times |issn=0013-0389}}</ref> The reserved order was pronounced by the SC on 13 September 2024, granting him bail and ultimately leading to his release from [[Tihar Prisons|Tihar Jail]] after five months.<ref name="Sharda-2024" /> However he served in prison for more than 5 months.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Farooquee |first=Neyaz |date=13 September 2024 |title=Arvind Kejriwal: Bail for Delhi chief minister after five months in jail |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c8dpnj3en99o |work=BBC |access-date=22 September 2024}}</ref>

==Electoral history ==
{{Main|Electoral history of Arvind Kejriwal}}

=== Lok Sabha elections ===
{| class="sortable wikitable"
! |Year
! |Constituency
! colspan = "2" |Party
! Votes
! %
! colspan = "3" |Opponent
! |Result
! |Margin
|-
|[[2014 Indian general election in Uttar Pradesh|2014]]
|[[Varanasi Lok Sabha constituency|Varanasi]]
|{{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|209,238
|20.30
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|[[Narendra Modi]]
|{{no2|Lost}}
|{{no2|371,784}}
|-
|}

=== Delhi Legislative Assembly elections ===
{| class="sortable wikitable"
! |Year
! |Constituency
! colspan="2" |Party
! Votes
! %
! colspan = "3" |Opponent
! |Result
! |Margin
|-
|[[2013 Delhi Legislative Assembly election|2013]]
|rowspan=4|[[New Delhi Assembly constituency|New Delhi]]
|{{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party|rowspan=4}}
| 44,269
| 53.46
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
| [[Sheila Dikshit]]
|{{yes2|Won}}
|{{yes2|25,864}}
|-
|[[2015 Delhi Legislative Assembly election|2015]]
| 57,213
| 64.34
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=3}}
|[[Nupur Sharma]]
|{{yes2|Won}}
|{{yes2|31,583}}
|-
|[[2020 Delhi Legislative Assembly election|2020]]
| 46,758
| 61.10
|Sunil Kumar Yadav
|{{yes2|Won}}
|{{yes2|21,697}}
|-
|[[2025 Delhi Legislative Assembly election|2025]]
| 25,999
| 42.18
|[[Parvesh Verma]]
|{{no2|Lost}}
|{{no2|4,089}}
|}

===Views===
Kejriwal discussed his views on [[corruption]] and the state of the Indian [[democracy]] in his book [[Swaraj (book)|''Swaraj'']]. He advocates for a [[decentralisation]] of government and the involvement of the [[Local self-government in India|panchayat]] in local decisions and budgets. He claims that foreign [[multinational corporation]]s have too much power in the decision-making process of the central government and that the politicians at the centre are not being held accountable for their actions and inaction after their election.<ref name="Swaraj" />

==Personal life==
In 1995, Kejriwal married Sunita, a 1993-batch IRS officer. She took voluntary retirement in 2016 as Commissioner of Income Tax in the [[Income Tax Appellate Tribunal]].{{cn|date=February 2026}}

The couple have a daughter and a son. Kejriwal follows [[Hinduism]].<ref>{{cite news |title=I'm a devout Hindu, not what BJP is portraying: Kejriwal |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/i-m-a-devout-hindu-not-what-bjp-is-portraying-kejriwal/story-egWUR9yTWCYTREzAWAmqoM.html |access-date=16 November 2020 |work=Hindustan Times |date=3 February 2020 |language=en}}</ref> Kejriwal is a vegetarian and has been practising the [[Vipassanā]] meditation technique for many years.<ref name="rmaf" /> He is [[diabetic]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/delhi/All-you-want-to-know-about-Arvind-Kejriwal/articleshow/27835465.cms|title=All you want to know about Arvind Kejriwal - Times of India|work=The Times of India|access-date=28 July 2017}}</ref> In 2016, he underwent a surgery for his persistent cough problem.<ref>{{cite news |title=Arvind Kejriwal undergoes surgery for cough problem |url=https://www.livemint.com/Politics/XEVGAtAhPntnv5zK762ACK/Arvind-Kejriwal-undergoes-surgery-for-cough-problem.html |access-date=18 December 2019 |work=[[Mint (newspaper)|Mint]]|date=14 September 2016 |language=en}}</ref>

Kejriwal considers himself an [[Ambedkarite]] and calls himself a 'devotee' of [[B. R. Ambedkar]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=26 February 2022 |title='An inspiring lesson': Kejriwal opens play on Ambedkar's life |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/delhi-news/an-inspiring-lesson-kejriwal-opens-play-on-ambedkar-s-life-101645838181047.html |access-date=28 February 2022 |work=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=25 January 2022 |title=Delhi govt offices to have photos of only Ambedkar, Bhagat Singh, no other leader: Arvind Kejriwal |work=The Economic Times |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/delhi-govt-offices-to-have-photos-of-only-ambedkar-bhagat-singh-no-other-leader-arvind-kejriwal/articleshow/89116180.cms |access-date=28 February 2022}}</ref>

==Controversies==
{{POV|date=May 2024}}

=== COVID-19 ===
In May 2021, Kejriwal called for the Indian central government to immediately stop air travel between India and Singapore, and develop "vaccine alternatives for children", due to "a new variant of coronavirus found in Singapore" which "is being said to be very dangerous for children".<ref name="PTI1">{{cite news |title=Singapore rejects Kejriwal's tweet on 'very dangerous' COVID-19 strain in the country |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/world/singapore-rejects-kejriwals-tweet-on-very-dangerous-covid-19-strain-in-the-country-7320946/ |access-date=19 May 2021 |work=[[The Indian Express]] |agency=[[Press Trust of India]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=MFA expresses 'concerns' to India High Commissioner over Delhi chief minister's comment on 'Singapore' COVID-19 variant |url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/singapore/india-high-commissioner-delhi-chief-minister-covid-19-variant-1379281 |access-date=21 May 2023 |website=CNA |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Assertions on Social Media about new COVID-19 Variant in Singapore |url=http://www.mfa.gov.sg/Newsroom/Press-Statements-Transcripts-and-Photos/2021/05/20210519-Assertions-on-SG-COVID-19-Variant |access-date=21 May 2023 |website=Ministry of Foreign Affairs Singapore|language=en}}</ref> However, the Singapore Health Ministry stated that there was no known Singaporean variant of COVID-19; a recent report discussing the threat of COVID-19 to Singaporean children was discussing a variant of COVID-19 first detected in India: [[B.1.617]].<ref name="PTI1" /> Many of the recent COVID-19 cases in Singapore were of B.1.617. Further, it said “There is no truth whatsoever in the assertions found within the reports”.<ref name="Reuters1">{{cite news |title=Singapore, India chide Indian opposition leader for fanning COVID scare |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/india/singapore-india-chide-indian-opposition-leader-fanning-covid-scare-2021-05-19/ |access-date=19 May 2021 |work=[[Reuters]] |date=19 May 2021}}</ref> The foreign minister of India, [[Subrahmanyam Jaishankar]], and the foreign minister of Singapore, [[Vivian Balakrishnan]], criticised Kejriwal's comment as "irresponsible" and counter-factual respectively.<ref>{{Cite web |date=20 May 2021 |title=Singapore invokes fake news law over Delhi minister's misleading Covid tweet |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/asia/southeast-asia/covid-indian-variant-kejriwal-singapore-b1850763.html |access-date=21 May 2023 |website=The Independent |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |agency=Reuters |date=20 May 2021 |title='There is no Singapore variant,' say politicians after Indian opposition leader makes false Covid claims |url=https://www.cnn.com/2021/05/19/asia/singapore-india-covid-variant-intl-hnk/index.html |access-date=21 May 2023 |website=CNN |language=en}}</ref>

In 2022, the Kejriwal government was accused by a central government panel of inflating the reported oxygen need of Delhi during the second wave of COVID-19 infections.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kejriwal Government Inflated Oxygen Demand 4 times- Supreme Court Panel |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/delhi/kejriwal-govt-inflated-oxygen-demand-4-times-during-peak-supreme-court-panel-273919 |website=Tribune India}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=25 June 2021 |title=Delhi govt 'exaggerated' oxygen needs by 4 times during second wave peak: report |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/delhi-govt-exaggerated-oxygen-needs-by-4-times-during-second-wave-peak-report/article34962693.ece |access-date=21 May 2023 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=did aap inflate Delhi's oxygen needs amid covid-19 second wave? |url=https://www.outlookindia.com/website/story/india-news-did-aap-inflate-delhis-oxygen-needs-amid-covid-19-second-wave-heres-all-we-know/386149/amp |website=Outlook India}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Delhi: BJP accuses Arvind Kejriwal of 'criminal negligence' over 'inflated' oxygen requirement |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/delhi-bjp-accuses-arvind-kejriwal-of-criminal-negligence-over-inflated-oxygen-requirement/articleshow/83835051.cms |access-date=3 May 2023 |website=[[The Economic Times]]|date=25 June 2021 }}</ref>

===Lawsuits===

Several defamation cases were filed against Arvind Kejriwal by his political opponents. In January 2014, Kejriwal released a list of most corrupt politicians that included several leaders across the political spectrum.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rediff.com/news/report/slide-show-1-kejriwal-lists-indias-24-most-corrupt-politicians/20140131.htm|title=Kejriwal lists 'India's most corrupt' politicians - Rediff.com News|website=www.rediff.com|access-date=19 March 2019}}</ref> Of the several on the list, [[Nitin Gadkari]] immediately filed a defamation suit against Kejriwal. Subsequently, Kejriwal apologised to union minister Nitin Gadkari for his unverified allegations and also sought apology from former minister Kapil Sibal.<ref>{{cite news |title=Defamation Case: After Majithia, Arvind Kejriwal now apologizes to Nitin Gadkari, Kapil Sibal |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/defamation-case-after-majithia-arvind-kejriwal-now-apologises-to-nitin-gadkari/articleshow/63364854.cms |access-date=4 September 2019 |work=Economic Times |date=19 March 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=19 March 2018 |title=Kejriwal Apologises To Gadkari, Amit Sibal In Defamation Cases |url=https://www.bqprime.com/politics/kejriwal-apologises-to-gadkari-amit-sibal-in-defamation-cases |access-date=21 May 2023 |website=BQ Prime |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=1 February 2014 |title=Kejriwal's 'corrupt' list angers Karnataka State leaders |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/karnataka/kejriwals-corrupt-list-angers-karnataka-state-leaders/article5642220.ece |access-date=21 May 2023 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

In 2016, Kejriwal made allegations against Bikram Majithia, the then revenue minister of Punjab of involvement in drug trade for which Majithia filed a defamation case against him and two others from Aam Aadmi party.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/majithia-files-defamation-case-against-arvind-kejriwal-2-aap-leaders/articleshow/52366110.cms|title=Majithia files defamation case against Arvind Kejriwal, 2 AAP leaders|date=20 May 2016|work=The Economic Times|access-date=19 March 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=20 May 2016 |title=Majithia files defamation suit against Kejriwal, two others |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/punjab/bikran-singh-majithia-files-defamation-suit-against-arvind-kejriwal-aap-drug-abuse-punjab-sanjay-singh/story-Ph2a2pptL51xJZ6nNl1diJ.html |access-date=21 May 2023 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref> Kejriwal apologised to Majithia a couple of years later in March 2018.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Nibber |first1=Gurpreet Singh |title=Why did Arvind Kejriwal apologize to Bikram Singh Majithia now? |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/why-did-kejriwal-apologise-to-majithia-now/story-2MCy6VW4TE6KvsvOnlV1xO.html |access-date=4 September 2019 |date=17 March 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=16 March 2018 |title=Arvind Kejriwal apologises to Bikram Singh Majithia: Will Delhi CM now say 'sorry' to Arun Jaitley, Nitin Gadkari and Amit Sibal next? |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/arvind-kejriwal-apologises-to-bikram-singh-majithia-will-delhi-cm-now-say-sorry-to-arun-jaitley-nitin-gadkari-and-amit-sibal-next/1100649/ |access-date=21 May 2023 |website=Financialexpress |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Kejriwal: Apologies for my unfounded allegations against you. Majithia: It's OK |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/arvind-kejriwal-apologies-for-my-unfounded-allegations-against-you-majithia-it-s-ok-1190313-2018-03-15 |access-date=21 May 2023 |website=India Today |date=15 March 2018 |language=en}}</ref>

Kejriwal made allegations against finance minister [[Arun Jaitley]] for irregularities in [[Delhi & District Cricket Association|DDCA]]. Arun Jaitley filed a 10-crore defamation suit against Kejriwal. On 2 March 2016, Delhi High Court asked Chief Minister Arvind Kejriwal and suspended BJP MP [[Kirti Azad]] to file their written statements in a civil defamation suit of Rs 5 crores filed by DDCA for their alleged remarks against the cricket body regarding its functioning and finances.<ref>{{cite news |title=DDCA defamation suit: Delhi High Court asks Arvind Kejriwal, Kirti Azad to file written replies|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/ddca-defamation-suit-delhi-high-court-asks-arvind-kejriwal-kirti-azad-to-file-written-replies/articleshow/51222106.cms|access-date=2 March 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=12 January 2016 |title=Allegations against Jaitley based on facts, Kejriwal tells court |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Delhi/Allegations-against-Jaitley-based-on-facts-Kejriwal-tells-court/article13995939.ece |access-date=21 May 2023 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Arun Jaitley To Sue Arvind Kejriwal For Cricket Corruption Allegations |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/arun-jaitley-to-sue-arvind-kejriwal-over-corruption-charges-in-delhi-cricket-body-1257088 |access-date=21 May 2023 |website=NDTV.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=25 March 2017 |title=Arun Jaitley defamation case: Arvind Kejriwal put on trial |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/defamation-case-arvind-kejriwal-put-on-trial/articleshow/57827121.cms |access-date=21 May 2023 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> Following this, in April 2018 Arvind Kejriwal and three others from his party including [[Sanjay Singh (Uttar Pradesh politician)|Sanjay Singh]], Raghav Chaddha and Ashutosh apologised to Arun Jaitley in a joint letter.<ref>{{cite news |title=Now, Arvind Kejriwal, 3 of his AAP colleagues apologise to BJP's Arun Jaitley |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/now-arvind-kejriwal-2-of-his-aap-colleagues-apologise-to-bjps-arun-jaitley/articleshow/63578246.cms |access-date=11 September 2023 |work=The Times of India |date=2 April 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Kejriwal withdraws appeal in high court against summons in defamation case |url=https://www.wionews.com/india-news/kejriwal-withdraws-appeal-in-high-court-against-summons-in-defamation-case-133274 |access-date=21 May 2023 |work=WION |date=27 April 2018}}</ref>

In his affidavit to Election Directorate before the second term elections in 2015 Kejriwal had declared that he has 10 criminal charges and 47 total charges against him.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/cities/delhi/10-criminal-cases-against-arvind-kejriwal-adr/|title=10 criminal cases against Arvind Kejriwal: ADR|date=30 January 2015|work=The Indian Express}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=In 2015, Arvind Kejriwal had 10 criminal cases against him — and 4 of them were serious charges |url=https://www.businessinsider.in/politics/elections/news/in-2015-arvind-kejriwal-had-10-criminal-cases-against-him-and-4-of-them-were-serious-charges/articleshow/73583810.cms |access-date=21 May 2023 |website=Business Insider}}</ref>

In 2021, a Delhi court dismissed an assault case filed by a Delhi bureaucrat against Kejriwal and ten AAP MLAs and discharged them of all charges. The court noted that "no [[prima facie]] case" was made against them.<ref name="assault case">{{cite news |last1=Ohri |first1=Raghav |title=Court throws out assault case against Arvind Kejriwal and 10 Others |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/india/court-throws-out-assault-case-against-ak-and-10-others/articleshow/85254526.cms |access-date=15 March 2022 |work=The Economic Times |date=12 August 2021}}</ref>

In February 2024, Kejriwal was involved in a defamation lawsuit and issued an apology to the [[Supreme Court of India]] for retweeting YouTuber [[Dhruv Rathee]]'s 2018 video on [[BJP IT Cell]]. The Delhi high court, in its earlier ruling had stated that sharing "purportedly libelous" content would fall under defamation laws.<ref name="ET_AK">{{cite news |title=Arvind Kejriwal apologises in SC for retweeting Dhruv Rathee's YouTube video, says 'I made a mistake' |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/made-mistake-by-retweeting-video-delhi-cm-kejriwal-tells-sc-in-defamation-case/articleshow/108006749.cms |work=Economic Times |date=26 February 2024 |access-date=2 March 2024}}</ref><ref name="DecHer">{{cite news |last1=Tripathi |first1=Ashish |date=26 February 2024 |title=Made mistake by retweeting: Kejriwal tells SC in defamation case for sharing Dhruv Rathee's video on BJP IT cell |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/india/delhi/made-mistake-by-retweeting-kejriwal-tells-sc-in-defamation-case-for-sharing-dhruv-rathees-video-on-bjp-it-cell-2910202 |work=Deccan Herald |access-date=2 March 2024}}</ref> On 11 March 2025, a Delhi court ordered an FIR against Arvind Kejriwal for allegedly misusing public money on large hoardings<ref>{{Cite news |title=Delhi court orders FIR against Arvind Kejriwal for 'misusing' public money |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/india/delhi/delhi-court-orders-fir-against-arvind-kejriwal-for-misusing-public-money-3441864 |work=Deccan Herald |agency=PTI |date=11 March 2025 |access-date=11 March 2025}}</ref>

===Official residence renovations===
In late April 2023, BJP made allegations that Kejriwal had misappropriated public funds for renovations of his residence in Delhi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Renovation controversy: BJP dharna in front of Kejriwal's house |url=https://www.theweek.in/news/india/2023/05/01/renovation-controversy-bjp-dharna-in-front-of-kejriwals-house.html |access-date=3 May 2023 |website=The Week |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Lahiri |first=Ishadrita |date=27 April 2023 |title=As Congress slams Kejriwal's 'Rs 45 cr home renovation', party's Delhi unit in 'dharam sankat' |url=https://theprint.in/politics/as-congress-slams-kejriwals-rs-45-cr-home-renovation-partys-delhi-unit-in-dharam-sankat/1542102/ |access-date=3 May 2023 |website=ThePrint |language=en-US}}</ref> An investigation was announced on 29 April 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Delhi L-G orders probe into 'irregularities' in renovating Kejriwal's home, seeks report in 15 days |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/kejriwal-official-residence-irregularities-delhi-l-g-controversy-2366218-2023-04-29 |access-date=3 May 2023 |website=India Today |date=29 April 2023 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=29 April 2023 |title=L-G Saxena seeks report in connection with Arvind Kejriwal's residence renovation irregularity row |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Delhi/l-g-saxena-seeks-report-in-connection-with-delhi-cms-residence-renovation-irregularity-row/article66792375.ece |access-date=21 May 2023 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=29 April 2023 |title=Trouble Mounts For Arvind Kejriwal, Delhi L-G Seeks 'Factual Report' Over Bungalow Renovation Row |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/india/trouble-mounts-for-arvind-kejriwal-delhi-l-g-seeks-factual-report-over-bungalow-renovation-row-article-99864468 |access-date=3 May 2023 |website=TimesNow |language=en}}</ref> CBI said that they started investigating money spent on renovating Chief Minister Arvind Kejriwal’s house complex. Its Vigilance Department said it was pursuing misappropriation of funds and financial irregularities.<ref>{{Cite news |date=28 September 2023 |title=Explainer: Why Delhi CM Arvind Kejriwal's bungalow is under CBI lens |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/explainer-why-delhi-cm-arvind-kejriwals-bungalow-is-under-cbi-lens/articleshow/104004906.cms |access-date=18 February 2024 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Malpani |first=Jaideep Deo Bhanj & Mehul |date=25 May 2023 |title=₹52.71 crore spent on Chief Minister Arvind Kejriwal's house complex, Vigilance Department report finds |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Delhi/5271-crore-spent-on-cm-house-complex-vigilance-department-report-finds/article66894363.ece |access-date=18 February 2024 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=27 September 2023 |title=CBI initiates inquiry into 'irregularities' in renovation of Delhi CM Kejriwal's house |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Delhi/cbi-initiates-inquiry-into-irregularities-in-renovation-of-delhi-chief-ministers-house/article67353907.ece |access-date=18 February 2024 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Row over 'renovation' of Kejriwal's residence: Where did previous Delhi CMs stay? |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/arvind-kejriwal-residence-renovation-row-previous-delhi-cms-bungalow-2365571-2023-04-27 |access-date=18 February 2024 |website=India Today |date=27 April 2023 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=27 September 2023 |title=Kejriwal bungalow controversy: CBI registers Preliminary Enquiry |url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/cbi-registers-preliminary-enquiry-to-probe-alleged-irregularities-renovation-of-new-residence-for-arvind-kejriwal-11695819980254.html |access-date=18 February 2024 |website=mint |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=27 June 2023 |title=Arvind Kejriwal residence renovation: CAG begins 'special audit' of expenditure by Delhi CM |url=https://www.businesstoday.in/latest/story/arvind-kejriwal-residence-renovation-cag-begins-special-audit-of-expenditure-by-delhi-cm-387257-2023-06-27 |access-date=18 February 2024 |website=Business Today |language=en}}</ref>

=== Media fixing ===
In March 2014, in a leaked video of an interview with journalist [[Punya Prasun Bajpai]], Kejriwal was seen giving instructions to Bajpai on promoting his interview by comparing his resignation to the sacrifice of [[Bhagat Singh]] and dropping a certain portion of interview on privatisation of industries which would portray him anti-middle class. Later, when the interview was telecasted it was found that Punya Prasun Bajpai had actually complied to the instructions and raised questions on his journalistic integrity and ethics. This controversy was called "media fixing" at that time.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Parker |first=Rati |date=15 March 2014 |title=A Case Of Media "Fixing"? |url=https://www.newslaundry.com/2014/03/15/a-case-of-media-fixing |work=Newslaundry |access-date=25 August 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Roushan |first=Rahul |date=10 March 2014 |title=Media fixing: Why 'leaked' video of Kejriwal, journalist is a big deal |url=https://www.firstpost.com/politics/media-fixing-why-leaked-video-of-kejriwal-journalist-is-a-big-deal-1427201.html |work=Firstpost |access-date=25 August 2023}}</ref>

=== Delhi liquor scam ===
{{Main|2022 Delhi liquor scam|Arrest of Arvind Kejriwal}}
He was arrested on 21 March 2024 by the [[Enforcement Directorate]] on allegations of a [[Delhi liquor scam]] against Aam Aadmi Party's [[Delhi Government]].<ref name="balance"/><ref name="double"/> He became the first ever incumbent chief minister in India to be arrested while still holding the post.<ref name="sit"/> The ED also accused him of spying on their officials.<ref name="snoop">{{cite magazine |last1=Pandey |first1=Munish Chandra |date=22 March 2024 |title=Arvind Kejriwal may have been snooping on ED officials, shows document: Sources |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/arvind-kejriwal-was-spying-on-ed-officials-proof-found-sources-2518050-2024-03-22 |magazine=India Today |access-date=24 March 2024}}</ref><ref name="policy1">{{cite news |title=Delhi excise policy: ED issues 9th summons to CM Arvind Kejriwal |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/delhi-excise-policy-ed-issues-9th-summons-to-arvind-kejriwal-101710647199168.html |work=Hindustan Times |date=17 March 2024 |access-date=24 March 2024}}</ref> He had skipped nine summons by the Enforcement Directorate as well, before that.<ref name="summ">{{cite news |last1=Kakkar |first1=Shruti |date=20 March 2024 |title="Why don't you appear on receiving ED summons": Delhi HC asks Arvind Kejriwal |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/delhi-news/why-don-t-you-appear-on-receiving-ed-summons-delhi-hc-asks-arvind-kejriwal-101710918644418.html |work=Hindustan Times |access-date=24 March 2024}}</ref> The [[Delhi High Court]] dismissed Chief Minister Arvind Kejriwal's petition against his arrest.{{refn|<ref>{{Cite web |last=Jaiswal |first=Arushi |date=1 April 2024 |title=CM Arvind Kejriwal will not resign, to run government from jail: AAP |url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/delhi/arvind-kejriwal-tihar-jail-atishi-saurabh-bharadwaj-excise-policy-case-court-delhi-government-aap-enforcement-directorate-ed-vijay-nair-latest-updates-2024-04-01-924141 |access-date=1 April 2024 |website=[[India TV]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=28 March 2024 |title=Can Arvind Kejriwal run govt from jail? Experts have different opinions |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/delhi/can-kejriwal-run-govt-from-jail-experts-have-different-opinions/articleshow/108831018.cms |access-date=1 April 2024 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title="Judges Not Bound By Politics": High Court Dismisses Arvind Kejriwal's Petition |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/judges-not-bound-by-politics-delhi-high-court-dismisses-arvind-kejriwal-petition-against-arrest-in-delhi-liquor-policy-case-5406028 |access-date=9 April 2024 |website=NDTV.com}}</ref><ref name="Anand 2024 k739">{{cite web | last=Anand | first=Akriti | title='Arvind Kejriwal's arrest in liquor case valid': Delhi HC rejects CM's plea | website=mint | date=9 April 2024 | url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/delhi-hc-pronounce-verdict-arvind-kejriwals-plea-against-ed-arrest-and-remand-11712656449317.html | access-date=11 April 2024}}</ref><ref name="Ojha 2024 y826">{{cite web | last=Ojha | first=Srishti | title=Arvind Kejriwal's plea against arrest dismissed, court says he 'conspired' | website=India Today | date=9 April 2024 | url=https://www.indiatoday.in/law/story/arvind-kejriwal-delhi-high-court-liquor-policy-arrest-plea-conspired-ed-probe-agency-2525138-2024-04-09 | access-date=11 April 2024}}</ref>}} He was granted bail by the [[Delhi High Court]] on 20 June 2024.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Achom |first1=Debanish |date=20 June 2024 |title=Delhi Chief Minister Arvind Kejriwal Gets Bail In Liquor Policy Case |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/delhi-chief-minister-arvind-kejriwal-gets-bail-in-liquor-policy-case-5932626 |work=NDTV |access-date=20 June 2024}}</ref> His ministers, [[Satyendra Jain]] and [[Manish Sisodia]] have also been in jail without bail, trial or conviction with the exception of a bail to the former once for treatment. Satyendra Jain spent more than two years in jail.<ref name="The Indian Express"/> Manish Sisodia was granted bail by the [[Supreme Court of India|Supreme Court]] on 9 August 2024.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Manish Sisodia granted bail by Supreme Court, walks out of Tihar jail after 17 months |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/manish-sisodia-walks-out-of-tihar-jail-after-spending-17-months-behind-bars/article68506001.ece |work=The Hindu |issn=0971-751X |date=9 August 2024 |access-date=10 August 2024}}</ref> The opposition alliance called the arrest weeks before the [[2024 Indian general election]] a case of fabrication and "[[match-fixing]]" by the BJP. [[Amnesty International]] said that financial and terrorism laws have been weaponised to go after political opponents while the BJP has denied that it had any political agenda to go after Kejriwal.<ref name="Ellis-Petersen-2024"/> On 20 June 2024, Kejriwal was released on bail after paying bail bond of one [[lakh]] [[Indian Rupee]]s.<ref name="Hindustan Times-2024b" /> His bail was put on hold before release as ED appealed against Kejriwal's bail.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Delhi High Court stays trial court order granting bail to Arvind Kejriwal in Excise policy case |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Delhi/delhi-high-court-stays-arvind-kejriwals-bail-in-excise-policy-case/article68331227.ece |work=The Hindu |issn=0971-751X |date=25 June 2024 |access-date=25 June 2024}}</ref> On 20 June, he was granted bail but his release was delayed due to an ED appeal.<ref name="Hindustan Times-2024b" /> The CBI arrested him on 26 June, extending his custody to 12 July.<ref name="CNBCTV18-2024" /><ref name="The Times of India-2024a" /> On 12 July, the Supreme Court granted him interim bail for alleged [[Delhi liquor scam|Delhi liquor policy money laundering case]], but he remains in jail in CBI case related to alleged Liquor policy scam.<ref name="The Times of India-2024b" /> On 5 September 2024, the Supreme court upheld Delhi High Court's order of not granting bail to Kejriwal.<ref name="The Economic Times-2024" /> On 13 September 2024, Kejriwal was granted bail by Supreme Court while imposing certain restrictions to his office of the Chief Minister.<ref name="Sharda-2024" /> He was discharged by the [[Rouse Avenue Court]] in the case on 27 February 2026. CBI stated that crucial aspects of the case have not been considered by the court and is considering to move to [[Delhi High Court]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Mishra |first1=Soni |date=28 February 2026 |title=Kejriwal Discharged in Excise Case: What Next? |url=https://frontline.thehindu.com/politics/kejriwal-excise-case-discharge-delhi-political-comeback/article70688041.ece |magazine=Frontline |access-date=4 March 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Delhi excise case: CBI terms Kejriwal discharge illegal |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/india/spl-court-order-discharging-kejriwal-and-others-in-excise-case-illegal-disregards-material-showing-culpability-cbi-3917502 |work=Deccan Herald |agency=PTI |date=2 March 2026 |access-date=4 March 2026}}</ref>

==In the media==
''[[An Insignificant Man]]'' is a 2017 Hindi/English Indian socio-political documentary co-produced and directed by Khushboo Ranka and [[Vinay Shukla (documentary filmmaker)|Vinay Shukla]] and also co-produced by filmmaker [[Anand Gandhi]].<ref name="BS 2">{{cite news|title='Ship of Theseus' team's next is 'Proposition for a Revolution'|url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ians/ship-of-theseus-team-s-next-is-proposition-for-a-revolution-114033100286_1.html|access-date=2 July 2014|publisher=[[Business Standard]]|date=31 March 2014|author1-link=Indo-Asian News Service}}</ref><ref name="FP 1">{{cite news|title=After Ship Of Theseus, Recyclewala Labs to make Proposition for a Revolution|url=http://www.firstpost.com/politics/after-ship-of-theseus-recyclewala-labs-to-make-proposition-for-a-revolution-1458995.html|access-date=2 July 2014|publisher=[[Firstpost|First Post]]|date=31 March 2014|author1-link=Indo-Asian News Service}}</ref> The documentary is about the rise of [[2011 Indian anti-corruption movement|anti-corruption]] protests in India and the formation and rise to power of the Aam Aadmi Party and Arvind Kejriwal.<ref name="The Hindu 1">{{cite news|last1=Bhattacharya|first1=Budhaditya|title=Talking about a revolution|url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/talking-about-a-revolution/article5931052.ece|access-date=2 July 2014|work=[[The Hindu]]|date=20 April 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Get permission from Narendra Modi, censor board tells makers of a film on Arvind Kejriwal |url=https://scroll.in/latest/838786/get-permission-from-narendra-modi-censor-board-tells-makers-of-a-film-on-arvind-kejriwal |access-date=12 April 2020 |work=Scroll.in |date=26 May 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=CBFC Clears Documentary Based On Arvind Kejriwal, Says NOC From PM Modi 'Not Required' |url=https://www.huffingtonpost.in/2017/08/21/cbfc-clears-documentary-based-on-arvind-kejriwal-says-noc-from-pm-modi-not-required_a_23155478/?guccounter=1&guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAAQsAmAIut7M_jca4UB_6Py6xU0tpFrQc7CEG-c9jzJ0rFTMBGTFQ5yAnolsRW5utbDiASEeIL5f_FfPqyuF_emsUmByvvO_yUux3-8bNbtaSpYOzSH7plds3ffQMJfG5WhXVULECJvutFcGw-5jtvfhav5xj8a0DF9xOEd-FZ2_ |access-date=12 April 2020 |work=HuffPost India |date=21 August 2017 |language=en}}</ref>

Kejriwal has appeared on the talk-shows and interviews of News channels. He spoofed himself on the third episode of the first season of [[The Viral Fever]]'s ''Barely Speaking With Arnub'', where actor [[Jitendra Kumar]] [[cosplay]]ed as Kejriwal while sitting next to him in the latter half of the interview.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Saxena |first=Aditi |date=12 February 2015 |title=Arvind Kejriwal meets fake Kejriwal |work=The Economic Times |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/magazines/panache/arvind-kejriwal-meets-fake-kejriwal/articleshow/46211153.cms |access-date=9 March 2023 |issn=0013-0389}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=28 October 2016 |title=Meet Jitendra Kumar, the actor who faced off with Kejriwal, dressed as Kejriwal |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/art-and-culture/all-about-jeetendra-kumar-the-actor-who-faced-off-with-arvind-kejriwal-dressed-as-arvind-kejriwal/story-5HVLuhqf9JZIQ4ElAdwZAK.html |access-date=9 March 2023 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref> He also appeared in stand-up comedian [[Kunal Kamra]]'s [[YouTube]] interview series ''Shut Up Ya Kunal''.<ref>{{cite web |title=Arvind Kejriwal in Aap Ki Adalat |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QeyEnxXxVtQ |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211219/QeyEnxXxVtQ |archive-date=19 December 2021 |url-status=live|publisher=India TV |date=1 February 2020}}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Shut Up Ya Kunal - Episode 13 : Arvind Kejriwal |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sPtxYO65ZIU |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211219/sPtxYO65ZIU |archive-date=19 December 2021 |url-status=live|publisher=Kunal Kamra |date=9 May 2019}}{{cbignore}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[Fifth Legislative Assembly of Delhi]]
* [[2017 Punjab Legislative Assembly election]]

==References==
===Notes===
{{Notelist}}

===Citations===
{{Reflist|30em}}

==External links==
*{{cite book |title=Swaraj |year=2012 |publisher=HarperCollins India |isbn=978-93-5029-937-1 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qk6YyKRRIk0C}} (co-author)
*{{cite book |title=Arvind Kejriwal & the Aam Aadmi Party: An Inside Look |year=2016 |publisher=Bloomsbury India |isbn= 978-93-85936-98-2 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bGUdDAAAQBAJ}} by [[Pran Kurup]]<ref>{{cite news|title=When a 'Gabbar Singh' in Kharagpur came to head AAP (Book Review)|url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ians/when-a-gabbar-singh-in-kharagpur-came-to-head-aap-book-review-116051800138_1.html|newspaper=Business Standard India|access-date=5 September 2016|date=18 May 2016}}</ref>
*[https://www.mahakhabar.in/kejriwal-launches-green-delhi-app-to-end-pollution/ प्रदूषण खत्म करने के लिए केजरीवाल ने लॉन्च किया Green Delhi App]. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210716122750/https://www.mahakhabar.in/kejriwal-launches-green-delhi-app-to-end-pollution/ |date=16 July 2021 }} (''Maha Khabar'').
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20160824075158/http://delhi.gov.in/wps/wcm/connect/doit/Delhi+Govt/About+Cm/About+CM Arvind Kejriwal – profile] (archived)
* {{IMDb name|6683397}}

{{Subject bar
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|commons-search = Category:Arvind Kejriwal
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|portal1 = Biography
|portal2 = India
|portal3 = Politics
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{{s-start}}
{{s-off}}
{{s-bef|before = [[Sheila Dikshit]]}}
{{s-ttl|title = [[Chief Minister of Delhi]]|years = 28 December 2013 – 14 February 2014}}
{{s-vac|reason = [[President's rule]]|next = Arvind Kejriwal}}
{{s-break}}
{{s-vac|reason = [[President's rule]]|last= Arvind Kejriwal}}
{{s-ttl|title = [[Chief Minister of Delhi]]|years = 14 February 2015–17 September 2024}}
{{s-aft|after= [[Atishi Marlena Singh]]}}
{{S-ppo-aap}}
{{s-new | party}}
{{s-ttl | title = [[Aam Aadmi Party|National Convener of AAP]] | years = 2012 – }}
{{s-inc}}
{{s-new | party}}
{{s-ttl | title = Member of Political Affairs Committee of [[Aam Aadmi Party|AAP]] | years = ? – present}}
{{s-inc}}
{{s-new | party}}
{{s-ttl | title = Member of National Executive Committee of [[Aam Aadmi Party|AAP]] | years = ? – present}}
{{s-inc}}
{{s-par|in-la}}
{{IN Assembly succession box
| state= Delhi
| constituency= New Delhi
| before= [[Sheila Dikshit]]
| after= [[Parvesh Verma]]
| years= [[2013 Delhi Legislative Assembly election|2013]]–[[2025 Delhi Legislative Assembly election|2025]]}}
{{s-end}}

{{Chief Ministers of Delhi |state=collapsed}}

{{Ramon Magsaysay Award Winners}}
{{Aam Aadmi Party}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kejriwal, Arvind}}
[[Category:1968 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian social entrepreneurs]]
[[Category:Indian Revenue Service officers]]
[[Category:Indian freedom of information activists]]
[[Category:Ramon Magsaysay Award winners]]
[[Category:IIT Kharagpur alumni]]
[[Category:Indian civil rights activists]]
[[Category:Campus School, CCS HAU alumni]]
[[Category:Chief ministers of Delhi]]
[[Category:Indian political party founders]]
[[Category:Aam Aadmi Party candidates in the 2014 Indian general election]]
[[Category:Indian anti-corruption activists]]
[[Category:Delhi MLAs 2013–2015]]
[[Category:Delhi MLAs 2015–2020]]
[[Category:Delhi MLAs 2020–2025]]
[[Category:Politicians from Ghaziabad]]
[[Category:Chief ministers from Aam Aadmi Party]]
[[Category:Aam Aadmi Party politicians]]
[[Category:Kejriwal government]]
[[Category:Aam Aadmi Party MLAs from Delhi]]
[[Category:Arvind Kejriwal| ]]
[[Category:Indian mechanical engineers]]
[[Category:Indian prisoners and detainees]]
[[Category:Inmates of Tihar Jail]]
[[Category:Tata Steel people]]

Ashta Pradhan

2026-03-06T06:25:09Z

WilfredBirmingha: further adjust content after review additionally and fixed typos based on references

{{Short description|Council of ministers in the Maratha empire}}
{{more citations needed|date=April 2020}}
[[File:Thomas_Daniell,_Sir_Charles_Warre_Malet,_Concluding_a_Treaty_in_1790_in_Durbar_with_the_Peshwa_of_the_Maratha_Empire.jpg|right|thumb|270x270px|Durbar of Peshwa [[Madhavrao II]] in [[Pune]] by [[Thomas Daniell]] c. 1790]]
'''Ashta Pradhan''' ([[Literal translation|literally]], 'Council of Eight') was the [[Cabinet (government)|cabinet]] of the [[Maratha Confederacy]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Ashta-Pradhan|title = Ashta Pradhan | Marathi council}}</ref> The council is credited with having implemented [[good governance]] practices in the [[Maratha]] heartland, as well as for the success of the military campaigns against the [[Mughal Empire]].

== Constitution ==
{{unreferenced section|date=August 2020}}

The coronation of Shivaji was held in 1674, at the fort of [[Raigad fort|Raigad]] in present-day [[India]]n state of [[Maharashtra]]. On that occasion, Shivaji formalized the institution of a council of eight ministers to guide the administration of his nascent state. This council came to be known as the ''Ashta Pradhan''. Each of the ministers was placed in charge of an administrative department; thus, the council heralded the birth of a bureaucracy.

The formalization of an administrative mechanism was of a piece with other measures, indicative of the formalization of a sovereign state, which were implemented on the occasion of Shivaji's coronation: coinage bearing his insignia (the copper ''Shivrai'' and the gold ''hon'') were issued, and a new era, the ''Rajyabhishek era,'' was proclaimed on the occasion.

== Composition ==
The ''Ashta Pradhan'' was designed to encompass all the primary administrative functions of the state, with each minister being given charge of one role in the administration. Ministerial designations were drawn from the [[Sanskrit]] language; the eight ministerial roles were as follows<ref name="Britannica"/>:

*''Pantpradhan'' or ''Peshwa'' - [[Prime Minister]], general administration of the Empire. [[Moropant Trimbak Pingle]] was the first ''Peshwa'' appointed by Shivaji.
*''Amatya'' or ''Mujumdar'' - [[Finance Minister]], managing accounts of the Empire.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.kkhsou.in/main/history/marathas.html|title = KKHSOU}}</ref> In 1662 Nilo Sondeo was appointed as Mujumdar. In 1674, at the Coronation ceremony, the post Mujumdar was renamed as Amatya and the title was solely bestowed [[Ramchandra Pant Amatya]].
*''Shurunavis/Sacheev'' - [[Secretary]], preparing royal edicts. In 1662 [[Annaji Datto Sacheev|Annaji Datto]] was appointed as Shurnavis/Sacheev.
*''Waqia-Navis'' - [[Interior Minister]], managing internal affairs especially intelligence and espionage.
*''Sar-i-Naubat or Senapati'' - [[Commander-in-Chief]], managing the forces and defence of the Empire. Netaji Palkar was appointed as the first Senapati. Most famous [[Senapati]] in that era was [[Hambirrao Mohite]].
*''Sumant/Dabir'' - [[Foreign Minister]], to manage relationships with other sovereigns. First Dubeer was Sonopant Vishwanath Dubeer who was sent by Shahaji to help Shivaji I and Jijabai in Pune region. After Sonopant, his son Traymbak Sono Dubeer was appointed as Dubeer and after him, his son Ramchandra Tyambak Dubeer was appointed as Dubeer in Maharaj's Asth Pradhan Mandal. When Shivaji donated the gold equal to his mother Jijabai's weight, he also donated the gold equal to Sonopant Dubeer's weight at Mahabaleshawar. Sonopant Vishwanath Dubeer is the only member to have control over two departments i.e., Dubeer and Shurunavis, once upon a time.
*''Nyayadhish'' - [[Chief Justice]], dispensing justice on civil and criminal matters. The post of Nyayadish or Chief Justice was bestowed on Niraji Ravaji, father of [[Pralhad Niraji]].
*''Panditrao'' - [[High Priest]], managing internal religious matters. The duties of the Panditrao were to promote learning and in the Ashta Pradhan, known as Senapat or Sarnobat, he was to watch over the interests of his officers. Raghunath Panditrao was given the post ''Panditrao''.

Continued conflict with the [[Mughal Empire]] meant that military matters remained exceedingly important to the affairs of the nascent state. Hence, with the notable exception of the priestly ''Panditrao'' and the judicial ''Nyayadisha'', the other ''pradhans'' held full-time military commands, and their deputies performed their civil duties in their stead. In the later era of the Maratha Empire, these deputies and their staff constituted the core of the [[Peshwa]]'s bureaucracy.

==During Shivaji rule==
[[File:The Coronation Durbar with over 100 characters depicted in attendance.jpg|thumb|Coronation of [[Shivaji]] by [[M. V. Dhurandhar]]]]
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Designation/Title
! Office Holder
! Appointment
! Successor
! Notes
|-
|Pantpradhan / Peshwa ([[Prime Minister]])
|[[Moropant Trimbak Pingle]]
|1674
|[[Moreshvar Pingale]]
|
|-
|Amatya / Mujumdar ([[Finance Minister]])
| Nilo Sondeo
|1662
|[[Ramchandra Pant Amatya]]
|
|-
|Shurunavis/Sacheev ([[Secretary]])
|[[Annaji Datto Sacheev]]
|1662
|Ragho Annaji
|
|-
|Waqia-Navis ([[Interior Minister]])
|Dattoji pant
|
|
|
|-
|Sar-i-Naubat / Senapati ([[Commander-in-Chief]])
|[[Hambirao Mohite]]
|1674
|[[Mhaloji Ghorpade]]
|
|-
|Sumant / Dabir - ([[Foreign Minister]])
|Sonopant Trimbakpant Dabir
|
|Trimbakpant Dabir
|
|-
|Nyayadhish ([[Chief Justice]])
|Niraji Ravaji
|
|[[Pralhad Niraji]]
|
|-
|Panditrao ([[High priest|High Priest]])
|[[Raghunath Pandit|Raghunathrao Panditrao]]
|
|Moreshvar Raghunath
|
|}

== After Shivaji ==
Shivaji son [[Sambhaji]], (ruled 1680–89) reduced the powers of the council. Over time, council positions became hereditary, ceremonial positions at court with nominal powers, if any. Beginning 1714 AD, a prime minister appointed by Shivaji's grandson [[Shahu I|Shahu]] gradually arrogated power. Within a short period, ''de facto'' control of the Maratha state passed to his family. This family of hereditary prime ministers retained the title of ''Peshwa.'' However, the ''Ashta Pradhan'' council was never revived to fill the functions it discharged for the last decade of Shivaji reign.<ref name="Britannica">{{cite encyclopedia |title=Ashta Pradhan |encyclopedia=Encyclopaedia Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Ashta-Pradhan |access-date=2026-03-05}}</ref>

==Positions Equal to the Ashtapradhan==
{{unreferenced section|date=August 2020}}
*[[Chitnis]]
Also See: [[Khando Ballal|Khando Ballal Chitnis]]
*Guptahere
Also see: [[Bahirji Naik]]
*[[Phadnavis]]
* Also see: [[Nana Fadnavis]]
== Miscellany ==
{{unreferenced section|date=August 2020}}
* The Ashta Pradhan is somewhat similar to the court arrangements of other famous emperors such as the [[Navaratnas]] of the courts of both [[Vikramaditya]] and [[Akbar]], as also of the [[Astadiggajas]] of [[Krishna Deva Raya]]'s court.
*[[Lakshman Sen]] the ruler of the [[Sena Empire]] had ''Pancharatnas'' .
* The Ashta Pradhan can be construed as an initiative to develop a second line of leadership in the state akin to the [[Khalsa]] by [[Guru Gobind Singh]].{{cn|date=November 2023}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}
* [https://archive.today/20070312030241/http://cache.britannica.com/eb/article-9009847 Ashta Pradhan. (2006).] In Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved June 18, 2006, from Encyclopædia Britannica Premium Service: [https://archive.today/20070312030241/http://cache.britannica.com/eb/article-9009847]

[[Category:Maratha Empire]]
[[Category:1674 establishments in India]]

Agni (1989 film)

2026-03-03T22:00:04Z

WilfredBirmingha: cleanup

{{Use Indian English|date=January 2016}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2016}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Agni
| image = Agni_(1989_film).jpg
| caption = Audio Cover
| writer = Marudhuri Raja {{small|(dialogues)}}
| story = Satya Murthy
| screenplay = K. Raghavendra Rao
| producer = K. S. Prakash
| director = [[K. Raghavendra Rao]]
| starring = [[Nagarjuna (actor)|Nagarjuna]] [[Shantipriya (actress)|Shantipriya]]
| music = [[Hamsalekha]]
| cinematography = K. S. Prakash
| editing = [[Kotagiri Venkateswara Rao]]
| studio = Sowbhagya Lakshmi Films<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0257373/|title=Agni (1989) (Overview)|work=IMDb}}</ref>
| released = {{Film date|df=y|1989|8|9}}
| runtime = 145 mins
| country = India
| language = Telugu
| budget =
| gross =
}}

''''' Agni ''''' ({{translation|Fire}}) is a 1989 [[Telugu language|Telugu]]-language [[action film]], produced by K. S. Prakash under the Sowbhagya Lakshmi Films banner and directed by [[K. Raghavendra Rao]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nthwall.com/te/movie/Agni-1989/8291800485 |title=Agni (1989) (Review) |work=Nth Wall |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150614213814/http://www.nthwall.com/te/movie/Agni-1989/8291800485 |archivedate=14 June 2015 }}</ref> It stars [[Nagarjuna (actor)|Nagarjuna]], [[Shantipriya (actress)|Shantipriya]] and music composed by [[Hamsalekha]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gomolo.com/agni-movie-cast-crew/17859|title=Agni (1989) (Star Cast)|work=gomolo|access-date=5 January 2016|archive-date=17 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180917071515/http://www.gomolo.com/agni-movie-cast-crew/17859|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Cast==
{{colbegin}}
*[[Nagarjuna (actor)|Nagarjuna]] as Pawan Kumar
*[[Shantipriya (actress)|Shantipriya]] as Rekha / Chinnari
*[[Rao Gopal Rao]] as K. D. K. Das
*[[Kaikala Satyanarayana|Satyanarayana]] as Ramachandraiah
*[[Vanisri]] as Seeta Mahalakshmi
*[[Mohan Babu]] as Video Babu
*[[Allu Rama Lingaiah|Allu Ramalingaiyah]]
*[[Rallapalli (actor)|Rallapalli]] as M. P. Joginadham
*[[Brahmanandam]] as Sahayam
*[[Narra Venkateswara Rao]] as S. I. Babu Rao
*[[Babu Antony]]
*[[P. J. Sarma]]
*Balaji as Kondababu
*Jagga Rao
*Chidatala Appa Rao as Ice Ice
*Telephone Satyanarayana
*[[Silk Smitha]]
*Priyanka
*Satyapriya as Usharani
*[[Kalpana Rai]]
*[[Raasi (actress)|Baby Raasi]]
{{colend}}

==Soundtrack==
{{Infobox album
| name = Agni
| type = film
| artist = [[Hamsalekha]]
| cover =
| alt =
| released = 1989
| recorded =
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = Soundtrack
| length = 25:17
| label = LEO Audio
| producer = [[Hamsalekha]]
| prev_title = Aarthanadham
| prev_year = 1989
| next_title = Muthyamantha Muddu
| next_year = 1989
}}

Music composed by [[Hamsalekha]]. Music released on LEO Music Company.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cineradham.com/newsongs/song.php?movieid=1501|title=Agni (1989) (Music)|work=Cineradham|access-date=5 January 2016|archive-date=4 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304084012/http://www.cineradham.com/newsongs/song.php?movieid=1501|url-status=dead}}</ref>
{{Track listing
| collapsed =
| headline =
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| total_length = 25:17
| all_writing =
| all_lyrics =
| all_music =
| title1 = Andala Kotalona
| lyrics1 = [[Veturi]]
| extra1 = [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
| length1 = 4:15

| title2 = Ennalla Daka
| lyrics2 = [[Jonnavithhula Ramalingeswara Rao|Jonnavithhula]]
| extra2 = S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, [[S. Janaki]]
| length2 = 4:10

| title3 = Jabilli Edallo
| lyrics3 = Veturi
| extra3 = S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, S. Janaki
| length3 = 4:46

| title4 = Madanudugaru Inka
| lyrics4 = Veturi
| extra4 = S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, S. Janaki
| length4 = 4:03

| title5 = O Preyasi Oorvasi
| lyrics5 = Jonnavithhula
| extra5 = S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, S. Janaki
| length5 = 4:06

| title6 = Premanagaru Preyasiki
| lyrics6 = Veturi
| extra6 = S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, S. Janaki
| length6 = 3:57
}}

==References==
{{reflist}}
== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|0257373}}

{{K. Raghavendra Rao}}

[[Category:Films directed by K. Raghavendra Rao]]
[[Category:Films scored by Hamsalekha]]
[[Category:1989 Telugu-language films]]
[[Category:1989 Indian films]]
{{1980s-Telugu-film-stub}}

Ye Maaya Chesave

2026-03-03T17:57:57Z

WilfredBirmingha: New First Post Basic Info - done

{{Short description|2010 Indian Telugu-language film by Gautham Vasudev Menon}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2022}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2014}}
{{Infobox film
| image = Ye Maaya Chesave.jpg
| alt =
| caption =
| director = [[Gautham Vasudev Menon]]
| producer = [[Manjula Ghattamaneni]] Sanjay Swaroop
| screenplay = Gautham Vasudev Menon
{{Infobox | decat = yes | child = yes
| label1= Dialogues by
| data1 = [[Umarji Anuradha|Anuradha]]
}}
| story =
| based_on =
| starring = [[Naga Chaitanya]] [[Samantha Ruth Prabhu|Samantha]]
| narrator =
| music = [[A. R. Rahman]]
| cinematography = [[Manoj Paramahamsa]]
| editing = [[Anthony (film editor)|Anthony]]
| studio = [[Indira Productions]]
| distributor =
| released = {{Film date|df=y|2010|2|26}}
| runtime = 162 minutes
| country = India
| language = Telugu
| budget = {{INR}}10 [[crore]]<ref name="SI">{{Cite web |title=An Average Fare |url=http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/an-average-fare/645827/4 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180327044018/http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/an-average-fare/645827/4 |archive-date=27 March 2018 |access-date=26 September 2011 |publisher=Indian Express}}</ref>
| gross = {{Estimation}} {{INR}}30 [[crore]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Top Ten Telugu Films of the year |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/Top-Ten-Telugu-Films-of-the-year-imagegallery-tollywood-kmvrrBcdbgb.html?html=5 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120108065040/http://www.sify.com/movies/Top-Ten-Telugu-Films-of-the-year-imagegallery-tollywood-kmvrrBcdbgb.html?html=5 |archive-date=8 January 2012 |access-date=26 September 2011 |website=[[Sify]]}}</ref><ref name="SI" />
}}

'''''Ye Maaya Chesave''''' ({{translation|What magic have you done?}}) is a 2010 Indian [[Telugu language|Telugu]]-language [[romantic drama]] film written and directed by [[Gautham Vasudev Menon]]. The film stars [[Naga Chaitanya]] and [[Samantha Ruth Prabhu|Samantha]] in her debut as lead.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Samantha Akkineni remembers her first shot for Ye Maaya Chesave as she completes 10 years in the industry |url=https://www.zoomtventertainment.com/telugu-cinema/article/samantha-akkineni-remembers-her-first-shot-for-ye-maaya-chesave-as-she-completes-10-years-in-the-industry/552784 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230527120308/https://www.zoomtventertainment.com/telugu-cinema/article/samantha-akkineni-remembers-her-first-shot-for-ye-maaya-chesave-as-she-completes-10-years-in-the-industry/552784 |archive-date=27 May 2023 |access-date=2022-04-04 |website=www.zoomtventertainment.com |date=13 February 2020 |language=en}}</ref> It was produced by [[Manjula Ghattamaneni]] under the banner [[Indira Productions]] with the soundtrack composed by [[A. R. Rahman]]. The film featured cinematography by [[Manoj Paramahamsa]], editing by [[Anthony (film editor)|Anthony]], and dialogue by [[Umarji Anuradha]].

The film was simultaneously shot in [[Tamil language|Tamil]] as ''[[Vinnaithaandi Varuvaayaa]]'' starring [[Silambarasan|Simbu]] and [[Trisha (actress)|Trisha]]. The film received positive reviews from critics and was successful at the box office.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-02-26 |title=9 Years of Ye Maaya Chesave: Fans of this cult love story relive the romance between Naga Chaitanya and Samantha Akkineni |url=https://www.bollywoodlife.com/south-gossip/9-years-of-ye-maaya-chesave-fans-of-this-cult-love-story-relive-the-romance-between-naga-chaitanya-and-samantha-akkineni-1371429/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201017211415/https://www.bollywoodlife.com/south-gossip/9-years-of-ye-maaya-chesave-fans-of-this-cult-love-story-relive-the-romance-between-naga-chaitanya-and-samantha-akkineni-1371429/ |archive-date=17 October 2020 |access-date=2020-10-17 |website=Bollywood Life |language=en}}</ref> It was remade in [[Bollywood|Hindi]] as ''[[Ekk Deewana Tha]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |date=30 January 2024 |title=Amy Jackson gets engaged to her boy friend! |url=https://www.ntvenglish.com/movie-news/amy-jackson-gets-engaged-to-her-boy-friend.html |website=NTV ENGLISH}}</ref> ''[[Film Companion]]'' has listed it among the "25 Greatest Telugu Films of The Decade".<ref>{{Cite web |title=25 Greatest Telugu Films Of The Decade {{!}} Film Companion |url=https://www.filmcompanion.in/fc-decades/pages/telugu.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191017163531/https://www.filmcompanion.in/fc-decades/pages/telugu.html |archive-date=17 October 2019 |access-date=2021-06-26 |website=www.filmcompanion.in |language=en}}</ref>

==Plot==
Karthik ([[Naga Chaitanya]]), a mechanical engineering graduate aspiring to become a filmmaker, lives with his family on the ground floor of a two-storey house in Hyderabad. The upper portion is occupied by a traditional Syrian Catholic family, whose daughter Jessie ([[Samantha Ruth Prabhu]]) immediately attracts Karthik’s attention. Although Jessie is older than him and raised under strict supervision, Karthik falls in love with her at first sight. When he confesses his feelings, Jessie rebuffs him, uncomfortable with pursuing any relationship due to her father’s conservative nature.

Jessie later travels to Alappuzha to visit her relatives. Upon learning this, Karthik follows her with his friend Krishna and introduces himself to her family as her classmate. The two decide to remain friends, but during the return train journey, Karthik impulsively kisses Jessie. She reacts angrily yet continues to meet him, gradually acknowledging her affection. However, she remains conflicted, aware that her father will not approve of her marrying outside their faith.

Their relationship is eventually discovered by Jessie’s brother Jerry ([[Sudheer Babu]]), leading to a confrontation in which Karthik, who also trains as a boxer, defeats Jerry and his friends. The incident prompts Jessie’s parents to fix her marriage with Roy Thomas (Surya). On the wedding day, Jessie refuses the match, causing further strain within her family. Although she and Karthik continue their relationship in secret, pressures escalate when her father insists on another arranged alliance. Jessie reaches out to Karthik for help, but he is occupied with a film shoot in Goa and fails to respond in time. Feeling hurt and unsupported, Jessie decides to end the relationship.

Karthik later learns that Jessie has moved abroad after getting married. Two years pass, during which he meets Nandini, who develops feelings for him, but he turns her down as he is unable to forget Jessie. He eventually channels his experiences into writing his first film, a romantic drama based on his own life, titled ''Jessie'', starring Silambarasan and Trisha.

Three years later, Karthik meets Jessie again in the United States and assumes she is married. Jessie reveals that she had rejected every proposal after their breakup because her parents had refused to accept Karthik, leading to her estrangement from them. The two reconcile and ultimately marry, performing ceremonies in both a Hindu temple and a church. The film concludes with the couple watching Karthik’s film ''Jessie'' in a theatre.

== Cast ==
{{Cast listing|
* [[Naga Chaitanya]] as Karthik Naidu
* [[Samantha Ruth Prabhu|Samantha]] as Jessie Thekekuthu (Voice dubbed by [[Chinmayi Sripada|Chinmayi]])
*[[Krishnudu]] as a fictional role of [[Krishnudu|himself]], Karthik's friend
* Sanjay Swarup as Raghava Rao, Karthik's father
* Surekha Vani as Mrs. Raghava Rao, Karthik's mother
* Trisha Alex as Anupama, Karthik's sister
* [[Devan (actor)|Devan]] as Joseph Thekekuthu, Jessie's father
* [[Lakshmi Ramakrishnan]] as Teresa Thekekuthu, Jessie's mother
* [[Sudheer Babu]] as Jerry Thekekuthu, Jessie's brother (uncredited)
* [[Puri Jagannadh|Puri Jagannath]] as himself
* [[Silambarasan|Simbu]] as himself (cameo appearance)
* [[Trisha Krishnan|Trisha]] as herself (cameo appearance)
* [[Sapan Saran]] as Nandini
* Sudhir as Regie
* Surya as Roy Thomas
* [[Subbalakshmi|Subbulakshmi]] as Jessie's grandmother
* [[Pradeep Kottayam|Pradeep]] as George, Jessie's uncle
* Ritu as Jessie's sister<ref>{{Cite web |last=Chowdhary |first=Y. Sunitha |date=16 May 2011 |title=New innings |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/new-innings/article2023504.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230105220605/https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/new-innings/article2023504.ece |archive-date=5 January 2023 |access-date=5 January 2023 |website=The Hindu}}</ref>
* [[Gautham Vasudev Menon]] as an actor (guest appearance)
}}

==Production==
After the announcement of Gautham Menon's Tamil project with the working title, ''[[Vinnaithaandi Varuvaayaa|Jessy]]'', [[Manjula Ghattamaneni]] (Mahesh Babu's sister) approached Gautham Menon to do a Telugu version of the same, with Mahesh Babu in the lead. Gautham, who was initially hesitant to do another version, later agreed to Manjula's proposal and forwarded the script to Mahesh Babu although he felt that it "is not Mahesh kind of film".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Pradeep |title="Kaakka Kaakka got me a call from Kamal sir" |url=https://www.behindwoods.com/features/Interviews/interview-5/director/gautham-menon-2.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231127030435/https://www.behindwoods.com/features/Interviews/interview-5/director/gautham-menon-2.html |archive-date=27 November 2023 |access-date=5 January 2023 |website=Behindwoods}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Director Gautham Vasudev Menon – Interview – Behindwoods.com – Vaaranam Aayiram Kakka Kakka Pachaikili Muthucharam Minnale Suriya Kamal Haasan Kamal Hassan images tamil picture gallery images |url=http://www.behindwoods.com/features/Interviews/interview-5/director/gautham-menon-2.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150917082039/http://www.behindwoods.com/features/Interviews/interview-5/director/gautham-menon-2.html |archive-date=17 September 2015 |access-date=19 September 2018 |website=behindwoods.com}}</ref> Mahesh Babu could not allocate dates for the film and was later replaced by [[Naga Chaitanya]].<ref name="mahesh">{{Cite web |year=2009 |title=Gautham Menon's calculation upsets Simbu |url=http://www.chennaionline.com/film/news/july09/72gautham-menons-calculation-upsets-simbu.aspx |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090709131339/http://chennaionline.com/film/news/july09/72gautham-menons-calculation-upsets-simbu.aspx |archive-date=9 July 2009 |access-date=7 July 2009 |publisher=ChennaiOnline.com}}</ref><ref name="Rediff">{{Cite web |date=23 February 2010 |title=Naga Chaitanya's love story |url=http://movies.rediff.com/slide-show/2010/feb/23/slide-show-1-south-naga-chaitanya-on-ye-maya-chesaave.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150426164532/http://movies.rediff.com/slide-show/2010/feb/23/slide-show-1-south-naga-chaitanya-on-ye-maya-chesaave.htm |archive-date=26 April 2015 |access-date=5 January 2023 |website=Rediff.com}}</ref> Newcomer [[Samantha Ruth Prabhu|Samantha]], who had starred in three unreleased Tamil films, makes her debut with this film.<ref name="Rediff" /> Menon scheduled the shoots of many portions simultaneously.<ref name="Rediff" /> The Tamil version had a different cast and ending.<ref name="Rediff" /> Menon started writing the film as a simple love story which slowly became an intense love story, as the scripting phase progressed. Stating that the film would narrate the romantic tale of two people called Karthik and Jessie over a period of almost three years, he revealed that the film would be "conversation driven" and hoped "everybody will identify with the lead pair".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Welcome to Sify.com |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/tamil/interview.php?cid=2408&id=14932884 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100228154933/http://sify.com/movies/tamil/interview.php?id=14932884&cid=2408 |archive-date=28 February 2010 |access-date=19 September 2018 |website=[[Sify]]}}</ref>

The film was shot in [[Chennai]], [[Alappuzha]], [[Goa]] and [[Hyderabad]].<ref name="Rediff" /> The climax was shot at [[Central Park]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Chowdhary |first=Y. Sunitha |date=1 March 2010 |title=Poised on the edge |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/Poised-on-the-edge/article16462424.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230105220606/https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/Poised-on-the-edge/article16462424.ece |archive-date=5 January 2023 |access-date=5 January 2023 |website=The Hindu}}</ref> Shooting continued through the latter part of 2009, with the film garnering significant media interest, with schedules in the United States, with [[Princeton University]] being used as a backdrop for song picturisation.<ref name="princeton">{{Cite web |last=Chen, Cerena |year=2009 |title=Indian film crew shoots scenes on campus |url=http://www.dailyprincetonian.com/2009/11/09/24349/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091113082859/https://www.dailyprincetonian.com/2009/11/09/24349/ |archive-date=13 November 2009 |access-date=7 November 2009 |publisher=[[The Daily Princetonian]]}}</ref>

[[Trisha (actress)|Trisha]] and [[Silambarasan]] made a cameo in this version, and Telugu director [[Puri Jagannadh]] appears as himself in a guest role.<ref name="idlebrain">{{Cite web |last=Jeevi |date=26 February 2010 |title=Telugu Movie review - Ye Maya Chesave |url=https://www.idlebrain.com/movie/archive/mr-yemayachesave.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230105210106/https://www.idlebrain.com/movie/archive/mr-yemayachesave.html |archive-date=5 January 2023 |access-date=5 January 2023 |website=Idlebrain.com}}</ref>

==Soundtrack==
{{main|Ye Maaya Chesave (soundtrack)}}
[[A. R. Rahman]] composed the soundtrack and background score of the film. ''Ye Maaya Chesave'' / ''Vinnaithaandi Varuvaaya'', marked the beginning of a collaboration between Rahman and Gautham Menon. The album consists of seven tracks, with Telugu lyrics penned by [[Anantha Sreeram]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=26 February 2020 |title=10 Years for Ye Maaya Chesave: Four definitive reasons why Naga Chaitanya and Samantha's film is the best romantic entertainer of all time |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/10-years-for-ye-maaya-chesave-four-definitive-reasons-why-naga-chaitanya-and-samanthas-film-is-the-best-romantic-entertainer-of-all-time/photostory/74317773.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230105214911/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/10-years-for-ye-maaya-chesave-four-definitive-reasons-why-naga-chaitanya-and-samanthas-film-is-the-best-romantic-entertainer-of-all-time/photostory/74317773.cms |archive-date=5 January 2023 |access-date=5 January 2023 |website=The Times of India}}</ref> Rahman's compositions for the [[Tamil language|Tamil]] version were retained, without any change, in the Telugu version.<ref name="mahesh" />

Rahman won his first [[Filmfare Award for Best Music Director - Telugu|Filmfare Award]] in Telugu for this album.<ref>{{Cite news |title=FILMFARE AWARDS 2011 TELUGU WINNERS |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/movie-awards/filmfare-awards-winners/telugu/2011/102 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230105214910/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/movie-awards/filmfare-awards-winners/telugu/2011/102 |archive-date=5 January 2023 |access-date=5 January 2023 |work=The Times of India}}</ref> Rahman reused the same tunes for the Hindi remake of the film (''[[Ekk Deewana Tha]]''), also directed by Gautham Menon.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ek Deewana Tha | Musicperk - Trending news, analysis, reviews, ratings and exclusive content for music |url=http://www.musicperk.com/ek-deewana-tha/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120210232357/http://www.musicperk.com/ek-deewana-tha/ |archive-date=10 February 2012 |access-date=16 February 2012}}</ref>

== Reception ==
A critic from ''[[Rediff.com]]'' wrote that "this feel-good film is a must watch especially for those fond of love stories".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rajamani |first=Radhika |date=26 February 2010 |title=Ye Maya Chesave is a beautiful love story |url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/review/south-telugu-movie-review-ye-maya-chesave/20100226.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230105212607/https://www.rediff.com/movies/review/south-telugu-movie-review-ye-maya-chesave/20100226.htm |archive-date=5 January 2023 |access-date=5 January 2023 |website=Rediff}}</ref> A critic from ''[[The Times of India]]'' wrote that "More than the familiar plot of boy-meets-the-girl, director Gautam Menon tactfully works around the initial hiccups, scepticism and charming trepidation of first love".<ref>{{Cite news |title=Ye Maya Chesave Movie Review {3/5}: Critic Review of Ye Maya Chesave by Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movie-reviews/ye-maya-chesave/movie-review/5624615.cms |access-date=2020-10-17 |work=The Times of India}}</ref> Jeevi of ''[[Idlebrain.com]]'' wrote that "This film has all the ingredients for a movie to remain as a timeless classic".<ref name="idlebrain" />

== Awards and nominations ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Date of ceremony
!Award
!Category
!Recipient(s) and nominee(s)
!Result
!Ref.
|-
| rowspan="10"| 20 June 2011
| rowspan="10"| [[CineMAA Awards]]
| Best Film
| ''Ye Maaya Chesave''
| {{nom}}
| rowspan="10"| <ref>{{Cite web |date=20 June 2011 |title=Lux Cinemaa awards 2011 |url=http://www.idlebrain.com/news/functions/cinemaa-awards2011.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121108180153/http://www.idlebrain.com/news/functions/cinemaa-awards2011.html |archive-date=8 November 2012 |access-date=6 April 2020 |website=[[Idlebrain.com]]}}</ref>
|-
| Best Director
| [[Gautham Vasudev Menon]]
| {{won}}
|-
| Best Actor
| [[Naga Chaitanya]]
| {{nom}}
|-
| Best Actress
| rowspan="2"| [[Samantha Ruth Prabhu|Samantha]]
| {{nom}}
|-
| Best Female Debut
| {{won}}
|-
| Best Music Director
| [[A. R. Rahman]]
| {{won}}
|-
| Best Lyricist
| [[Ananta Sriram]] ("Vintunnaava")
| {{nom}}
|-
| Best Male Playback Singer
| [[Vijay Prakash]] ("[[Hosanna (A. R. Rahman song)|Ee Hrudayam (Hosanna)]]")
| {{nom}}
|-
| Best Female Playback Singer
| [[Shreya Ghoshal]] ("Vintunnaava")
| {{nom}}
|-
| Best Cinematographer
| [[Manoj Paramahamsa]]
| {{won}}
|-
| rowspan="9"| [[58th Filmfare Awards South|2 July 2011]]
| rowspan="9"| [[Filmfare Awards South]]
| [[Filmfare Award for Best Film – Telugu|Best Film]]
| ''Ye Maaya Chesave''
| {{nom}}
| rowspan="9"| <ref>{{Cite news |date=4 July 2011 |title=The 58th Filmfare Award (South) winners |url=https://www.news18.com/news/india/allu-arjun-mamooty-win-at-south-filmfare-awards-381403.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200915131628/https://www.news18.com/news/india/allu-arjun-mamooty-win-at-south-filmfare-awards-381403.html |archive-date=15 September 2020 |access-date=6 April 2020 |work=News18}}</ref>
|-
| [[Filmfare Award for Best Director – Telugu|Best Director]]
| Gautham Menon
| {{nom}}
|-
| [[Filmfare Award for Best Actor – Telugu|Best Actor]]
| Naga Chaitanya
| {{nom}}
|-
| [[Filmfare Award for Best Actress – Telugu|Best Actress]]
| rowspan="2"| Samantha
| {{nom}}
|-
| [[Filmfare Award for Best Female Debut – South|Best Female Debut]]
| {{won}}
|-
| [[Filmfare Award for Best Music Director – Telugu|Best Music Director]]
| A. R. Rahman
| {{won}}
|-
| [[Filmfare Award for Best Lyricist – Telugu|Best Lyricist]]
| Ananta Sriram ("Vintunnaava")
| {{nom}}
|-
| [[Filmfare Award for Best Male Playback Singer – Telugu|Best Male Playback Singer]]
| Vijay Prakash ("[[Hosanna (A. R. Rahman song)|Ee Hrudayam (Hosanna)]]")
| {{nom}}
|-
| [[Filmfare Award for Best Cinematographer – South|Best Cinematographer]]
| Manoj Paramahamsa
| {{won}}
|-
| rowspan="3"| [[Nandi Awards of 2010|5 August 2011]]
| rowspan="3"| [[Nandi Awards]]
| [[Nandi Award for Best Screenplay Writer|Best Screenplay Writer]]
| Gautham Menon
| {{won}}
| rowspan="3"| <ref>{{Cite web |date=5 August 2011 |title=Nandi awards 2010 announced |url=http://www.idlebrain.com/news/2000march20/nandiawards2010.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200807004447/http://idlebrain.com/news/2000march20/nandiawards2010.html |archive-date=7 August 2020 |access-date=6 April 2020 |website=[[Idlebrain.com]]}}</ref>
|-
| [[Nandi Award for Best Female Dubbing Artist|Best Female Dubbing Artist]]
| [[Chinmayi Sripada|Chinmayi]] (for Samantha)
| {{won}}
|-
| [[Nandi Special Jury Award|Special Jury Award]]
| Samantha
| {{won}}
|}

== Legacy ==
The scene where Jessie addresses Karthik as her brother is parodied in the film ''[[Sudigadu]]'' (2012).<ref>{{Cite web |last=Chowdhary |first=Y. Sunitha |date=19 May 2012 |title=Itsy-Bitsy |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/itsybitsy/article3436365.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230105220609/https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/itsybitsy/article3436365.ece |archive-date=5 January 2023 |access-date=5 January 2023 |website=The Hindu}}</ref> The title of the film inspired a similarly named film ''[[Ye Mantram Vesave]]'' (2018) starring [[Vijay Deverakonda]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Dundoo |first=Sangeetha Devi |date=9 March 2018 |title='Ye Mantram Vesave' review: Backlog best forgotten - The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/ye-mantram-vesave-backlog-best-forgotten/article23000492.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210227042502/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/ye-mantram-vesave-backlog-best-forgotten/article23000492.ece |archive-date=27 February 2021 |access-date=20 May 2021 |work=The Hindu}}</ref> A film titled ''[[Kundanapu Bomma]]'', based on the song from this film, released in 2016.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2016-06-24 |title=Kundanapu Bomma: Stale and silly |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/cinema-reviews/Kundanapu-Bomma-Stale-and-silly/article14399284.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230105214910/https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/cinema-reviews/Kundanapu-Bomma-Stale-and-silly/article14399284.ece |archive-date=5 January 2023 |access-date=2019-12-04 |work=The Hindu}}</ref> The sequence when Karthik (Naga Chaitanya) leans on the gate when he is in love with Jessie in the song "Ee Hridayam" is parodied by [[Viva Harsha]] in ''[[Nenorakam]]'' (2017).<ref>{{Cite AV media |title=Nenorakam |date=December 14, 2012 |last=Salendra (director) |first=Sudershan |type=Motion picture}}</ref>

==References==
<references/>

==External links==
*{{IMDb title|1602585}}

{{Gautham Menon|state=expanded}}
{{A. R. Rahman}}

[[Category:2010 films]]
[[Category:2010 Telugu-language films]]
[[Category:2010 romantic drama films]]
[[Category:Films directed by Gautham Vasudev Menon]]
[[Category:Films scored by A. R. Rahman]]
[[Category:Indian multilingual films]]
[[Category:Films shot in Kerala]]
[[Category:Films shot in Alappuzha]]
[[Category:Indian romantic drama films]]
[[Category:Indian interfaith romance films]]
[[Category:Films shot in New York City]]
[[Category:Films shot in New Jersey]]
[[Category:2010 multilingual films]]
[[Category:Telugu films remade in other languages]]

Schirkoa

2026-02-23T00:13:28Z

WilfredBirmingha: New First Stub Added Tags

{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2018}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Schirkoa
| image = Schirkoa.jpg
| caption = Film poster
| director = {{plainlist|
* Ishan Shukla
}}
| producer = Sharad Varma
| writer = {{plainlist|
* Ishan Shukla
}}
| starring = {{plainlist|
* [[Kira Buckland]]
}}
| narrator =
| music = Nicolas Titeux
| cinematography =
| editing =
| studio =
| distributor =
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2016|09|08}}
| runtime = 14 minutes
| country = India
| language = English
| budget =
}}
'''''Schirkoa''''' ({{IPAc-en|'|ʃ|3:r|k|oʊ|a:|}}) is an Indian 14-minute animated short film written, directed, and animated by Ishan Shukla.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://screenanarchy.com/2016/07/bag-heads-revolt-in-dystopian-schirkoa.html|title=Screen Anarchy|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161116202229/http://screenanarchy.com/2016/07/bag-heads-revolt-in-dystopian-schirkoa.html|archive-date=2016-11-16|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://www.awn.com/news/watch-gorgeous-trailer-ishan-shukla-s-dystopian-short-schirkoa|title=Animation World Network Feature|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161218195015/http://www.awn.com/news/watch-gorgeous-trailer-ishan-shukla-s-dystopian-short-schirkoa|archive-date=2016-12-18|url-status=live}}</ref> On its premiere, the short film qualified for [[Academy Awards|The Academy Award]] after winning the 'Best Animated Short' award at [[LA Shorts Fest]].<ref name=":1" /> It's the first Indian Animated short to ever qualify for the Oscars.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://in.news.yahoo.com/ishan-shukla-creates-history-schirkoa-133157818.html|title=Yahoo|accessdate=2016-12-19|url-status=bot: unknown|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161219181825/https://in.news.yahoo.com/ishan-shukla-creates-history-schirkoa-133157818.html|archivedate=2016-12-19}}</ref> It also won the 'Best in Show' award at [[SIGGRAPH|SIGGRAPH Asia]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.awn.com/news/siggraph-asia-announces-2016-computer-animation-festival-winners|title=Siggraph Asia 2016 Winners|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161125034359/http://www.awn.com/news/siggraph-asia-announces-2016-computer-animation-festival-winners|archive-date=2016-11-25|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Premise==
In the city of Bag-heads, a politician is torn between his career, brothels and his love for a shadowy woman.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://schirkoa.com/|title=Schirkoa Official Website|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161103143258/https://schirkoa.com/|archive-date=2016-11-03|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Production==
First conceived as a graphic novel in 2012, Shukla worked on it on and off along with a day job for four years. The short was created using [[Autodesk Maya]], [[Adobe Creative Cloud]] and Redshift. Schirkoa was funded through personal savings. Shukla's wife Sharad Varma served as the producer of the film.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/news/sunday-special/perspective/an-animated-dystopia-earns-oscar-nomination/347330.html|title=Tribune India|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170108135626/http://www.tribuneindia.com/news/sunday-special/perspective/an-animated-dystopia-earns-oscar-nomination/347330.html|archive-date=2017-01-08|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://epaper.indianexpress.com/1071629/Chandigarh/January-15,-2017#page/25/2|title=Indian Express|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170119210534/http://epaper.indianexpress.com/1071629/Chandigarh/January-15,-2017#page/25/2|archive-date=2017-01-19|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":0" /> Although the film is made in 3D, it has a stylized 2D look that's been achieved through a number of techniques.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.cartoonbrew.com/shorts/indian-filmmaker-ishan-shukla-shares-path-making-short-schirkoa-145975.html|title=Cartoonbrew Article|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170106153546/http://www.cartoonbrew.com/shorts/indian-filmmaker-ishan-shukla-shares-path-making-short-schirkoa-145975.html|archive-date=2017-01-06|url-status=live}}</ref>

== Accolades ==
''Schirkoa'' has been screened in over 50 film festivals all over the world. It will continue its festival run till mid 2018.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://schirkoa.com/awards/|title=Schirkoa Screenings|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171123183021/https://schirkoa.com/awards/|archive-date=2017-11-23|url-status=live}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
|+List of Awards and Nominations
!Year
!Award
!Category
!Result
|-
|2017
|American Movie Awards
|Best Animated Short
|{{won}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://americanmovieawards.com/past-winners/2017|title=American Movie Awards 2017 Winners|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170423061945/https://americanmovieawards.com/past-winners/2017|archive-date=2017-04-23|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|2017
|ARFF International
|Best of the Best
|{{nom}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://acudkino.de/Archiv/ARFF_-_Around_International_Film_Festival_Berlin_-_Amsterdam/8461|title=ARFF Berlin Screenings|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171123183021/https://acudkino.de/Archiv/ARFF_-_Around_International_Film_Festival_Berlin_-_Amsterdam/8461|archive-date=2017-11-23|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|2017
|Athens Animfest
|Special Mention
|{{won}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://athensanimfest.eu/2017/en/awards/|title=Athens Animfest Winners|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170116212651/http://athensanimfest.eu/2017/en/awards/|archive-date=2017-01-16|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|2016
|Tapiales International Film Festival
|Best Animated Short
|{{won}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://leedor.com/2016/12/08/comienza-el-13o-tafic-festival-internacional-de-cine-de-tapiales/|title=Leedor Tafic Winners 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161209105529/http://leedor.com/2016/12/08/comienza-el-13o-tafic-festival-internacional-de-cine-de-tapiales/|archive-date=2016-12-09|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|2016
|[[SIGGRAPH]] Asia
|Best in Show
|{{won}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://sa2016.siggraph.org/cn/attendees/award-winners|title=Siggraph Asia 2016 Winners|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170721182544/http://sa2016.siggraph.org/cn/attendees/award-winners|archive-date=2017-07-21|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|2016
|The Great Indian Film and Literature Festival
|Best Animated Short
|{{won}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/stalwarts-come-together-to-gurgaon-s-film-and-literature-festival/story-HBVzbZkbzw3gfgF65P3S4I.html|title=Hindustan Times Coverage|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170421030909/http://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/stalwarts-come-together-to-gurgaon-s-film-and-literature-festival/story-HBVzbZkbzw3gfgF65P3S4I.html|archive-date=2017-04-21|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|2016
|[[Oaxaca FilmFest|Oaxaca Film Festiva]]<nowiki/>l
|Best Animated Short
|{{won}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://rollingstone.com.mx/g_r_cine/conoce-a-los-ganadores-de-oaxaca-filmfest-2016/|title=Rolling Stone Mexico|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161027031325/http://rollingstone.com.mx/g_r_cine/conoce-a-los-ganadores-de-oaxaca-filmfest-2016/|archive-date=27 October 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
|2016
|Venice Film Week
|Best Animated Short
|{{won}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.venicefilmweek.com/post03.html|title=Venice Film Week 2016 Winners|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170706175123/http://venicefilmweek.com/post03.html|archive-date=2017-07-06|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|2016
|[[LA Shorts Fest]]
|Best Animated Short
| {{won}}<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=http://lashortsfest.com/content.asp?PageID=79|title=LA Shorts 2016 Winners|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170520162357/http://lashortsfest.com/content.asp?PageID=79|archive-date=2017-05-20|url-status=live}}</ref>
|}

== Reception ==
''Schirkoa'' has been listed in the Zippy Frames Annual list of Top animated shorts of the 2016.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.zippyframes.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=2658:blind-vaysha-nighthawk-top-2016-animation-shorts&catid=144:shorts&Itemid=100094|title=Zippy Frames|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170102012519/http://www.zippyframes.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=2658:blind-vaysha-nighthawk-top-2016-animation-shorts&catid=144:shorts&Itemid=100094|archive-date=2017-01-02|url-status=live}}</ref> Jeroen Van Rossem of Kortfilm calls it "frequently reminiscent of ''Blade Runner'', ''Brazil'', ''Children of Men'' and ''1984''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.kortfilm.be/recensie/schirkoa|title=Kortfilm Review|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171123183020/http://www.kortfilm.be/recensie/schirkoa|archive-date=2017-11-23|url-status=live}}</ref> Cult Critic Magazine praises the mature theme of the animated film, calling it "a prototype for a much longer feature or series".<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://hlc-cultcritic.com/reviews-february-2017/|title=Cult Critic Magazine|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170201012230/http://hlc-cultcritic.com/reviews-february-2017/|archive-date=2017-02-01|url-status=live}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
*[https://schirkoa.com/ Official Website]
*[https://www.nicolastiteux.com/ Sound design & composer]
*[https://www.imdb.com/title/tt5823554/?ref_=rvi_tt Schirkoa at the Internet Movie Database]

[[Category:2016 short films]]
[[Category:Indian short films]]
[[Category:2016 English-language films]]
[[Category:English-language short films]]
[[Category:2016 films]]

Gulab Singh (Uttarakhand politician)

2026-02-17T00:27:21Z

WilfredBirmingha: minor cleanup

{{short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2021}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2021}}
'''Gulab Singh''' (1930-2000) was an Indian politician. He was a member of [[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly]] for eight terms. He served as a minister during the congressional government.

Singh represented [[Chakrata (Uttarakhand Assembly constituency)]] and was a member of the [[Indian National Congress]]. His son Pritam Singh served as the president of the Uttarakhand Congress Party and was a four-term member of the Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly (2002-2007 and 2012–2017).<ref name="auto">{{Cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Uttar%20Pradesh%201967%20.pdf|title=Page No 527}}</ref>

== Positions held ==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Year
! Description
|-
| 1957 - 1962
| Elected to [[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly|2nd Uttar Pradesh Assembly]] from [[Mussoorie Assembly constituency|Mussoorie Assembly]]
|-
| 1962 - 1967
| Elected to [[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly|3rd Uttar Pradesh Assembly]] from [[Mussoorie Assembly constituency|Mussoorie Assembly]] (2nd term)
|-
| 1967 - 1969
| Elected to [[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly|4th Uttar Pradesh Assembly]] from [[Mussoorie Assembly constituency|Mussoorie Assembly]] (3rd term)
|-
| 1969 - 1974
| Elected to [[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly|5th Uttar Pradesh Assembly]] from [[Mussoorie Assembly constituency|Mussoorie Assembly]] (4th term)
* Deputy Minister, Govt of Uttar Pradesh {{small|(1970 - 1973)}}
|-
| 1974 - 1977
| Elected to [[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly|6th Uttar Pradesh Assembly]] from [[Chakrata Assembly constituency|Chakrata Assembly]] (5th term)
|-
| 1980 - 1985
| Elected to [[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly|8th Uttar Pradesh Assembly]] from [[Chakrata Assembly constituency|Chakrata Assembly]] (6th term)
* Minister of State, Govt of Uttar Pradesh {{small|(1980 - 1982)}}
* Minister of State, Govt of Uttar Pradesh {{small|(1983 - 1985)}}
|-
| 1985 - 1989
| Elected to [[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly|9th Uttar Pradesh Assembly]] from [[Chakrata Assembly constituency|Chakrata Assembly]] (7th term)
* Minister of State for Hill Development {{small|(26 April 1985 - 24 Sept 1985)}}
|-
| 1989 - 1991
| Elected to [[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly|10th Uttar Pradesh Assembly]] from [[Chakrata Assembly constituency|Chakrata Assembly]] (8th term)
|-
|}

==Elections==

{|class="sortable wikitable"
|-
!width=75|Year
!width=100|Constituency
!width=70|Result
!width=70|Vote percentage
!width=175|Opposition Candidate
!width=70|Opposition Party
!width=70|Opposition vote percentage
!width=25|Ref
|-
|[[1951 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1951]]|| Chakrata Cum Western Doon ||{{Lost}}|| 35.14% || Shanti Parpan Sharma || [[Indian National Congress|INC]] || 43.72% || <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1951/StatRep_51_UP.pdf|title=Page No 365}}</ref>
|-
|[[1957 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1957]]|| [[Mussoorie (Uttarakhand Assembly constituency)|Mussoorie]] ||{{Won}}|| 48.47% || Surat Singh || [[Indian National Congress|INC]] || 40.34% || <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1957/StatRep_UP_1957.pdf|title=Page No 362}}</ref>
|-
|[[1962 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1962]]|| [[Mussoorie (Uttarakhand Assembly constituency)|Mussoorie]] ||{{Won}}|| 53.97% || Baru Datt || [[Praja Socialist Party|PSP]] || 25.42% || <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_UP_1962.pdf|title=Page No 534}}</ref>
|-
|[[1967 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1967]]|| [[Mussoorie (Uttarakhand Assembly constituency)|Mussoorie]] ||{{Won}}|| 43.24% || D. Datta ||[[Praja Socialist Party|PSP]]|| 25.73% || <ref name="auto"/>
|-
|[[1969 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1969]]|| [[Mussoorie (Uttarakhand Assembly constituency)|Mussoorie]] ||{{Won}}|| 45.45% || Brahm Datt || [[Samyukta Socialist Party|SSP]] || 24.22% || <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1969/Statistical%20Report%201969%20Uttar%20Pradesh.pdf|title=Page No 525}}</ref>
|-
|[[1974 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1974]]|| [[Chakrata (Uttarakhand Assembly constituency)|Chakrata]] ||{{Won}}|| 50.96% || Shoorvir Singh ||[[Independent politician|IND]]|| 45.97% || <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1974/Statistical%20Report%20Uttar%20Pradesh%201974.pdf|title=Page No 549}}</ref>
|-
|[[1977 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1977]]|| [[Chakrata (Uttarakhand Assembly constituency)|Chakrata]] ||{{Lost}}|| 46.95% || Shoorvir Singh || [[Janata Party|JNP]] || 53.05% || <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1977/Statistical%20Report%20Uttar%20Pradesh%201977.pdf|title=Page No 529}}</ref>
|-
|[[1980 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1980]]|| [[Chakrata (Uttarakhand Assembly constituency)|Chakrata]] ||{{Won}}|| 55.37% || Shoor Bir Singh ||[[Janata Party|JNP(SC)]]|| 43.04% || <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1980/Statistical%20Report%20Uttar%20Pradesh%201980.pdf|title=Page No 562}}</ref>
|-
|[[1985 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1985]]|| [[Chakrata (Uttarakhand Assembly constituency)|Chakrata]] ||{{Won}}|| Unopposed || - || - ||- || <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1985/Statistical%20Report%20Uttar%20Pradesh%201985.pdf|title=Page No 592}}</ref>
|-
|[[1989 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1989]]|| [[Chakrata (Uttarakhand Assembly constituency)|Chakrata]] ||{{Won}}|| 38.24% || Shoor Bir Singh ||[[Janata Dal|JD]]|| 33.01% || <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1989/Statistical%20Report_%20UP_1989.pdf|title=Page No 598}}</ref>
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://uplegisassembly.gov.in/ENGLISH/Assemblywise_members.aspx?AssNo=4 1967 Election S No 122]
* [http://uplegisassembly.gov.in/ENGLISH/Assemblywise_members.aspx?AssNo=5 1969 Election S No 108]
* [http://uplegisassembly.gov.in/ENGLISH/Assemblywise_members.aspx?AssNo=6 1974 Election S No 121]
* [http://uplegisassembly.gov.in/ENGLISH/Assemblywise_members.aspx?AssNo=8 1980 Election S No 115]
* [http://uplegisassembly.gov.in/ENGLISH/Assemblywise_members.aspx?AssNo=9 1985 Election S No 113]
* [http://uplegisassembly.gov.in/ENGLISH/Assemblywise_members.aspx?AssNo=10 1989 Election S No 113]
* [https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/dehradun/pritam-singh-named-new-chief-of-uttarakhand-congress/articleshow/58519287.cms Pritam Singh: Pritam Singh named new chief of Uttarakhand Congress | Dehradun News - Times of India]
* [http://www.dailypioneer.com/story.php?section_url_key=state-editions&url_key=pritam-singh-to-head-pcc The Pioneer]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Singh, Gulab}}
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Uttar Pradesh MLAs 1957–1962]]
[[Category:Uttar Pradesh MLAs 1962–1967]]
[[Category:Uttar Pradesh MLAs 1967–1969]]
[[Category:Uttar Pradesh MLAs 1969–1974]]
[[Category:Uttar Pradesh MLAs 1974–1977]]
[[Category:Uttar Pradesh MLAs 1980–1985]]
[[Category:Uttar Pradesh MLAs 1985–1989]]
[[Category:Uttar Pradesh MLAs 1989–1991]]
[[Category:1926 births]]
[[Category:2000 deaths]]

Rādhikā-sāntvanam

2026-02-08T20:05:46Z

WilfredBirmingha: new page - done

{{Italic title}}
[[File:Brooklyn Museum - Krishna and Radha Seated on a Terrace.jpg|thumb|Brooklyn Museum - Krishna and Radha Seated on a Terrace]]
The '''''Rādhikā-sāntvanam''''' ('Appeasing Radhka') is a poem composed by the [[Telugu language|Telugu-language]] poet and ''[[devadasi]]'' [[Muddupalani]] (1739–90) concerning the marital relationship of the deity [[Krishna]], his new wife [[Ila (Hinduism)|Ila]], and her aunt [[Radha]] and the appeasement of the jealousy of Radha.

==Date==

According to Dru Bhattacharya,

<blockquote>The precise date of composition is unknown, but we can infer that Muddupalani was at least a young woman when she wrote the work (e.g. 18-24 years of age or circa 1757-1763) and that it was crafted while Maharaja Singh was still presiding over the royal court (ie. 1730-63), we can reasonably assume that the work was mostly likely written sometime between 1757 and 1763.<ref>Dru Bhattacharya, ''Global Health Disputes and Disparities: A Critical Appraisal of International Law and Population Health'' (London: Routledge, 2013), p. 66.</ref></blockquote>

==Content==
[[File:01CholasDynastyRuledThanjavurRoyalPlace&DurbarHall&CenterCourtView.jpg|thumb|Tanjore Royal Palace]]
The work comprises four sections, between them consisting of five hundred and eighty-four poems, and belonged to the genre of ''śṛṅgāra-kāvya'' or ''śṛṅgāra-prabandham'',<ref>Davesh Soneji, ''Performing Satyabhimi: Text, Context, Memory and Mimesis in Telugu-Speaking South India'' (unpublished PhD thesis, McGill University 2004), p. 58.</ref> 'a genre associated in the history of [[Telugu literature]] with the Thanjavur era' whose poems were mostly inventive retellings of the story of Radha and Krishna, evoking the ''[[Rasa (theology)|rāsa]]'' of ''[[Sringara]]''.<ref>''Women Writing in India: 600 B. C. to the Present'', ed. by Susie Tharu and K. Lalita, 2 vols (London: Pandora, 1991), I 7.</ref> It was probably influenced by the ''padam''s composed by the seventeenth-century poet [[Kshetrayya|Kṣetrayya]] and may have been influenced by the seventeenth-century ''[[Satyabhāma Sāntvanamu]]'' ('Appeasing Satyabhāmā') by [[Liṅganamakhi Śrīkāmeśvara Kavi]].<ref>Davesh Soneji, ''Performing Satyabhimi: Text, Context, Memory and Mimesis in Telugu-Speaking South India'' (unpublished PhD thesis, McGill University 2004), pp. 58, 61 fn 39.</ref>

The poetry is detailed like an erotic manual where Radha teaches Krishna's new wife Ila how to sexually satisfy him.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Pattanaik |first=Devdutt |date=2025-12-21 |title=Decolonising India’s erotic heritage |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/magazine/2025/Dec/21/decolonising-indias-erotic-heritage |access-date=2025-12-24 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>

The poem is framed as a dialogue between two legendary wise men: [[Vyasa|Vyasa's]] son [[Maharishi Suka]] (or Suka Muni) and the philosopher-king [[Janaka]].<ref>Muddupalani. (2011). ''Radhika Santwanam—The Appeasement of Radhika''. Trans. Sandhya Mulchandani. New Delhi: Penguin, pp. xiv-xv.</ref>

<blockquote>It tells the tale of [[Radha]], [[Krishna|Krishna's]] aunt, a woman in her prime who brings up Ila Devi from childhood and then gives her in marriage to Krishna. The poem describes in detail Ila Devi's puberty and the consummation of her marriage to Krishna. Radha advises the young bride on how she should respond to Krishna's lovemaking, and Krishna on handling his young bride tenderly. But the poem also captures at the same time the pain of a woman in her prime who must give up her own desire and yearning. At one point, unable to bear the grief of her own separation from Krishna, whom she desires herself, Radha breaks down and rages against Krishna for having abandoned her. Krishna gently appeases her and she is comforted by his loving embrace. It is from this section that the poem takes its title.<ref>''Women Writing in India: 600 B. C. to the Present'', ed. by Susie Tharu and K. Lalita, 2 vols (London: Pandora, 1991), I 117.</ref></blockquote>

The poem is unique in Telugu literature for portraying a woman (Radha) taking in initiative in trying to have sex with a man.<ref>''Women Writing in India: 600 B. C. to the Present'', ed. by Susie Tharu and K. Lalita, 2 vols (London: Pandora, 1991), I 117.</ref> This passage, spoken by Krishna, provides a convenient example of the poem's style and content:

::If I ask her not to kiss me,
:::stroking on my cheeks
:::she presses my lips hard against hers.

::If I ask her not to touch me,
:::stabbing me with her firm breasts
:::she hugs me.

::If I ask her not to get too close
::for it is not decorous,
:::she swears at me loudly.

::If I tell her of my vow not
::to have a woman in my bed,
:::she hops on
:::and begins the game of love.

::Appreciative,
::she lets me drink from her lips,
::fondles me, talks on,
::making love again and again.
:::How could I stay away
:::from her company?<ref>B. V. L. Narayanarow (trans.), 'From RADHIKA SANTWANAM (Appeasing Radhika) [If I ask her not to kiss me]', in ''Women Writing in India: 600 B. C. to the Present'', ed. by Susie Tharu and K. Lalita, 2 vols (London: Pandora, 1991), I 120.</ref>

==Reception==

The work was at the time 'considered a gem of Telugu literature', but never gained wider attention beyond [[Andhra Pradesh]].<ref>Muddupalani. (2011). ''Radhika Santwanam—The Appeasement of Radhika''. Trans. Sandhya Mulchandani. New Delhi: Penguin, p. xv.</ref> However, it was later the subject of controversy. The ''Rādhikā-sāntvanam'' was first edited for print publication by [[Charles Phillip Brown]], and annotated, bowdlerised, and seen through the presses by [[Paidipati Venkatanarasu]] in 1887, with a second edition in 1907. It was then re-edited in 1910 by the courtesan [[Bangalore Nagarathnamma]] to include the full text. In 1911 the British colonial authorities banned this and eight other titles by the same publisher (albeit without great success); the order was not rescinded until 1947.<ref>''Women Writing in India: 600 B. C. to the Present'', ed. by Susie Tharu and K. Lalita, 2 vols (London: Pandora, 1991), I 1-6.</ref>

==Editions and translations==

* Muddupalani (1910). ''Radhika Santwanam''. Ed. Bangalore Nagaratnamma. Madras: Vavilla Ramaswami Sastrulu and Sons. (reprinted 1952)
* Muddupalani (1972). ''Radhikasantvanam''. Madras: EMESCO Books.
* Muddupalani. (2011). ''Radhika Santwanam—The Appeasement of Radhika''. Trans. Sandhya Mulchandani. New Delhi: Penguin.

==References==

{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Radhika-santvanam}}
[[Category:Hindu texts]]
[[Category:Telugu poetry]]

Farhaan Faasil

2026-02-07T19:03:43Z

WilfredBirmingha: adding a article

{{short description|Indian actor}}
{{Indian patronymic|Farhaan|Fazil}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2021}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2016}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Farhaan Faasil
| image =
| birth_name = Ismail Fazil
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1990|05|26}}
| birth_place = [[Alappuzha district|Alappuzha]], [[Kerala]], India
| other_names =
| occupation = Actor
| years_active = 2014 {{endash}} present
| spouse =
| parents = {{Unbulleted_list|[[Fazil (director)|Fazil]]<ref>[http://mathrubhuminews.in/ee/Programs/Episode/4711/one-more-star-from-fazil-family-farhan-fazil.-show-guru-episode-51/E One more star from Fazil family;Farhaan Fazil]</ref>|Rozina}}
| relatives = {{Unbulleted_list|[[Fahadh Faasil]] (brother)|[[Nazriya Nazim]] (sister-in-law)}}
}}

'''Ismail Fazil''' (born 26 May 1990), better known by his stage name '''Farhaan Faasil''', is an Indian actor working in [[Malayalam cinema]]. He debuted in 2014 with ''[[Njan Steve Lopez]]'' directed by [[Rajeev Ravi]]. He is the younger son of filmmaker [[Fazil (director)|Fazil]] and brother of actor [[Fahadh Faasil]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://english.manoramaonline.com/entertainment/interview/2017/07/21/farhaan-faasil-on-basheerinte-premalekhanam-malayalam-movies.html|title=Farhaan Faasil, a die-hard 'Lalettan' fan|work=OnManorama|access-date=2018-03-18}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/it-might-be-easier-for-me-to-play-a-carefree-character-but-i-like-thrillers-best/articleshow/57039711.cms|title=It might be easier for me to play a carefree character but I like thrillers best - Times of India|work=The Times of India|access-date=2018-03-18}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/Im-scared-of-being-compared-to-Fahadh-says-Farhaan-Faasil/articleshow/28952644.cms|title=I'm scared of being compared to Fahadh : says Farhaan Faasil - Times of India|work=The Times of India|access-date=2018-03-18}}</ref>

==Early life ==

His elder brother Fahadh Faasil is also an actor in Malayalam cinema. [[Nazriya Nazim]] is his sister-in-law.<ref>[https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news-and-interviews/Im-scared-of-being-compared-to-Fahadh-says-Farhaan-Faasil/articleshow/28952644.cms I'm scared of being compared to Fahadh says Farhaan]</ref>

==Film career==

Farhaan Faasil played the lead role in [[Rajeev Ravi]]'s second directorial venture ''[[Njan Steve Lopez]]'' which was released in 2014.<ref>[https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news-and-interviews/Ahaana-is-Farhaan-Fazils-heroine/articleshow/28505616.cms Ahaana is Farhaan Fazil's heroine]</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.filmibeat.com/malayalam/news/2014/fahad-fazil-brother-farhaan-fazil-romance-ahaana-untitled-movie-129003.html |title=Fahad fazil's brother Farhaan Fazil to Romance Ahaana |access-date=19 March 2014 |archive-date=9 January 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140109222806/http://entertainment.oneindia.in/malayalam/news/2014/fahad-fazil-brother-farhaan-fazil-romance-ahaana-untitled-movie-129003.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/malayalam/2017/jan/17/post-steve-lopez-i-wanted--to-do-something-light-1560234.html|title=Post Steve Lopez, I wanted to do something light|work=The New Indian Express|access-date=2018-03-18}}</ref> His next release was 2017 romantic-comedy film ''[[Basheerinte Premalekhanam]]'' directed by [[Aneesh Anwar]].<ref>{{Citation|title=Basheerinte Premalekhanam Review {2.5/5}: The movie doesn't have the heart-warming quality of a love story|newspaper=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movie-reviews/basheerinte-premalekhanam/movie-review/59697368.cms|access-date=2019-07-12|last1=Soman |first1=Deepa }}</ref>

==Filmography==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Year !! Film !! Role !! Notes !! {{abbr|Ref.|References}}
|-
| 2014|| ''[[Njan Steve Lopez]]'' || Steve Lopez ||[[4th South Indian International Movie Awards|SIIMA Award for Best Debut Actor]] || <ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/on-location-i-am-steve-lopez/article5609039.ece|title= On location I am steve lopez|access-date=31 December 2021 |work=The Hindu}}</ref>
|-
| 2017|| ''[[Basheerinte Premalekhanam]]'' || Basheer || ||<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/farhaan-faasil-goes-retro-in-basheerinte-premalekhanam/articleshow/53239956.cms|title=Farhaan Faasil goes retro in Basheerinte Premalekhanam |date=16 July 2016 |access-date=31 December 2021 |work=The Times Of India}}</ref>
|-
|2019 || ''[[Under World]]'' || Majeed || ||<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/mollywood/030818/asif-ali-and-farhaan-faasil-in-underworld.html|title=Asif Ali and Farhaan Faasil in Underworld |date=3 August 2018 |access-date=31 December 2021 |work=Deccan Chronicle}}</ref>
|-
|2022 || ''[[Bheeshma Parvam]]'' || Paul Anjoottikkaran || || <ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/web-stories/sneak-peek-into-the-gripping-character-posters-for-mammoottys-bheeshma-parvam/photostory/88523964.cms|title=A sneak peek into the gripping character posters for Mammotty's Bheeshma Parvam |date=27 December 2021 |access-date=31 December 2021 |work=The Times Of India}}</ref>
|-
|2025 || ''[[Thudarum]]'' || Sudheesh || ||
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{Twitter}}
* {{Facebook|reachfarhaan|Farhaan Faasil}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Farhaan Faasil}}
[[Category:Indian male film actors]]
[[Category:Indian Muslims]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1995 births]]
[[Category:Actors from Alappuzha district]]
[[Category:Male actors in Malayalam cinema]]
[[Category:Kerala Film Critics Awards winners]]

2025 Pune Challenger

2026-01-31T15:37:59Z

WilfredBirmingha: put up

{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2025}}
{{Infobox tennis event|2025|Pune Challenger|
| date= 17 – 23 February
| edition=9th
| surface=[[Hardcourt|Hard]]
| location=[[Shree Shiv Chhatrapati Sports Complex]], [[Pune]], India
| champs={{flagicon|CZE}} [[Dalibor Svrčina]]
| champd={{flagicon|IND}} [[Jeevan Nedunchezhiyan]] / {{flagicon|IND}} [[Vijay Sundar Prashanth]]
}}

The '''2025 [[Pune Challenger]]''', known as the '''PMRDA Powered Maha Open''', was a professional tennis tournament played on [[hardcourt]]s. It was the ninth edition of the tournament which was part of the [[2025 ATP Challenger Tour]]. It took place in [[Pune]], India from 17 to 23 February 2025.

==Singles main-draw entrants==
===Seeds===
{|class="sortable wikitable"
|-
! width="70"| Country
! width="175"| Player
! Rank1
! Seed
|-
|{{flag|GBR}}
|[[Billy Harris (tennis)|Billy Harris]]
|116
|1
|-
|<s>{{flag|CZE}}</s>
|<s>[[Vít Kopřiva]]</s>
|<s>127</s>
|<s>2</s>
|-
|{{flag|AUS}}
|[[Tristan Schoolkate]]
|140
|3
|-
|{{flag|DEN}}
|[[Elmer Møller]]
|152
|4
|-
|{{flag|FRA}}
|[[Ugo Blanchet]]
|165
|5
|-
|{{flag|USA}}
|[[Brandon Holt]]
|166
|6
|-
|{{flag|JPN}}
|[[Shintaro Mochizuki]]
|171
|7
|-
|{{flag|CAN}}
|[[Alexis Galarneau]]
|178
|8
|}
* 1 Rankings are as of 10 February 2025.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.atptour.com/en/rankings/singles|title=Rankings | Singles | ATP Tour | Tennis|website=ATP Tour}}</ref>

===Other entrants===
The following players received wildcards into the singles main draw:
* {{flagicon|IND}} [[Manas Dhamne]]<ref> {{cite web|url=https://indiantennisdaily.com/2025/02/13/wildcards-for-manas-dhamne-aryan-shah-karan-singh-at-pmrda-powered-maha-open-atp-challenger-100-mens-championships/|title=Wildcards for Manas Dhamne, Aryan Shah, Karan Singh at PMRDA Powered Maha Open ATP Challenger 100 Men’s Championships|date=13 February 2025}} </ref>
* {{flagicon|IND}} Aryan Shah
* {{flagicon|IND}} [[Karan Singh (tennis)|Karan Singh]]

The following players received entry into the singles main draw as alternates:
* {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Jay Clarke (tennis)|Jay Clarke]]
* {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Enrico Dalla Valle]]
* {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Kyrian Jacquet]]

The following players received entry from the qualifying draw:
* {{flagicon|}} [[Petr Bar Biryukov]]
* {{flagicon|BEL}} [[Kimmer Coppejans]]
* {{flagicon|BEL}} [[Michael Geerts]]
* {{flagicon|JPN}} [[Masamichi Imamura]]
* {{flagicon|JPN}} [[Hiroki Moriya]]
* {{flagicon|}} [[Ilia Simakin]]

The following player received entry as a lucky loser:
* {{flagicon|AUS}} [[Blake Ellis (tennis)|Blake Ellis]]

==Champions==

===Singles===
{{main|2025 Pune Challenger – Singles}}
* {{flagicon|CZE}} '''[[Dalibor Svrčina]]''' def. {{flagicon|USA}} [[Brandon Holt]] 7–6(7–3), 6–1.<ref> {{cite web|url=https://indiantennisdaily.com/2025/02/24/dalibor-svrcina-wins-pmrda-powered-maha-open-atp-challenger-100-mens-championship/|title= Dalibor Svrcina Wins PMRDA Powered Maha Open ATP Challenger 100 Men’s Championship|date=24 February 2025}}</ref>

===Doubles===
{{main|2025 Pune Challenger – Doubles}}
* {{flagicon|IND}} '''[[Jeevan Nedunchezhiyan]]''' / {{flagicon|IND}} '''[[Vijay Sundar Prashanth]]''' def. {{flagicon|AUS}} [[Blake Bayldon]] / {{flagicon|AUS}} [[Matthew Romios]] 3–6, 6–3, [10–0].

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{2025 ATP Challenger Tour}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Pune Challenger, 2025}}
[[Category:2025 ATP Challenger Tour]]
[[Category:KPIT MSLTA Challenger|2025]]
[[Category:February 2025 sports events in India]]
[[Category:2025 in Indian sport]]

Chambal Fertilisers

2026-01-29T19:39:11Z

WilfredBirmingha: adding stub

{{Short description|Fertilzer manufacturer in India}}
{{COI|date=October 2012}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2018}}
{{Infobox company
| name = Chambal Fertilisers
| logo = Chambal Fertilisers logo.svg
| logo_size = 100px
| type = [[Public company|Public]]
| traded_as = {{ubl|{{BSE|500085}}|{{NSE|CHAMBLFERT}}}}
| industry = {{ubl|[[Agrichemicals]]}}
| founded = {{Start date and age|df=yes|1985}}
| founder = 
| hq_location =
| hq_location_city = [[Kota, Rajasthan|Kota]], [[Rajasthan]]
| hq_location_country = India
| num_locations =
| num_locations_year = 
| area_served =
| key_people = {{ubl|Saroj Poddar (Chairman)<ref>{{cite news |title=GenNext takes charge of KK Birla group |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/gennext-takes-charge-of-kk-birla-group-108091201020_1.html |access-date=9 December 2021 |work=Business Standard India |date=12 September 2008}}</ref>|Shyam Sunder Bhartia (Co Chairman)}}
| products = {{ubl|Fertilisers|Pesticides<ref>{{cite news |title=Rating Rationale - Chambal Fertilisers and Chemicals Limited |url=https://www.crisil.com/mnt/winshare/Ratings/RatingList/RatingDocs/Chambal_Fertilisers_and_Chemicals_Limited_June_18_2019_RR.html |access-date=9 December 2021 |work=www.crisil.com}}</ref>}}
| brands =
| production =
| production_year = 
| services =
| revenue = {{up}} {{INRConvert|27940|c}} (FY23)<ref name="fy23"/>
| profit = {{down}} {{INRConvert|1034|c}} (FY23)<ref name="fy23">{{cite news |title=Chambal Fertilisers and Chemicals Limited Q4 FY2023 consolidated PAT declines to Rs. 94.10 crores |url=https://www.equitybulls.com/category.php?id=333217 |access-date=26 June 2023 |work=EquityBulls |date=27 May 2023}}</ref>
| owner = 
| num_employees =
| num_employees_year =
| parent = Adventz Group
| divisions =
| subsid =
| module = 
| website = {{URL|http://chambalfertilisers.com/}}
| footnotes =
}}
'''Chambal Fertilisers and Chemicals Ltd''' (CFCL) is an Indian [[agrochemical]]s manufacturing company based in [[Kota, Rajasthan|Kota]] in [[Rajasthan]]. Established in the year 1985 by [[K. K. Birla|KK Birla Group]], Chambal Fertilisers is the largest manufacturer of [[Urea]] in the private sector with an installed capacity of 1.5 million tonnes per annum. The fertiliser plant is located at Gadepan, [[Kota district]], Rajasthan.<ref>{{cite news |title=Chambal Fert seeks policy to boost supply |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/business/chambal-fert-seeks-policy-to-boost-supply/story-eGz7Y211vXgCTzY7xU27kI.html |access-date=9 December 2021 |work=Hindustan Times |date=20 August 2009 |language=en}}</ref>

==Operations==
The main activity of CFCL is the manufacture of nitrogenous fertiliser viz. production of Urea. CFCL is also involved in trading of many agricultural inputs. The company has also entered into the software, spinning and miniature potato seeds businesses.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.expressindia.com/fe/daily/20000826/fco26013.html |title=
Chambal Fert enters into software development |date=26 August 2000 |author=M P Jain |newspaper=Indian Express |accessdate=16 July 2012}}</ref>

The company exited its textiles business in 2015<ref>{{cite news |title=Chambal Fertilisers to sell Birla Textile Mills to Sutlej |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/cons-products/garments-/-textiles/chambal-fertilisers-to-sell-birla-textile-mills-to-sutlej/articleshow/47885762.cms |access-date=9 December 2021 |work=The Economic Times}}</ref> and shipping business in 2017.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Hemphill |first1=Andy |title=India's Chambal Fertilisers closes shipping business |url=https://www.icis.com/explore/resources/news/2017/09/11/10141697/india-s-chambal-fertilisers-closes-shipping-business/ |access-date=9 December 2021 |work=ICIS Explore |date=11 September 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Chambal Fertilisers to sell entire shipping business |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/transportation/shipping-/-transport/chambal-fertilisers-to-sell-entire-shipping-business/articleshow/50286941.cms |access-date=9 December 2021 |work=The Economic Times}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
*[http://www.chambalfertilisers.com/ Official website]

[[Category:Fertiliser companies of India]]
[[Category:Kota district]]
[[Category:Companies based in Rajasthan]]
[[Category:Indian companies established in 1985]]
[[Category:Companies listed on the Bombay Stock Exchange]]
[[Category:1985 establishments in Rajasthan]]
[[Category:Manufacturing companies established in 1985]]

{{India-company-stub}}

Abdul Bari Firangi Mahali

2025-12-19T22:36:10Z

WilfredBirmingha: content fix

{{Short description|Indian Muslim scholar (1878–1926)}}

{{Use Indian English|date=May 2016}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2016}}
{{Infobox religious biography
|religion = [[Islam]]
|name = Abdul Bari Firangi Mahli
|birth_date = 1878
|birth_place =
|death_date = 1926
|death_place =
}}
'''Abdul Bari Firangi Mahali ''' (1878–1926) was an Indian Muslim scholar and writer from the [[Firangi Mahal]] palace in [[Lucknow]].<ref name="DT">{{cite web|url=http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=story_8-1-2003_pg3_6|work= Daily Times (newspaper)|title= Cam Diary: Lucknow's Farangi Mahal|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070422221400/http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=story_8-1-2003_pg3_6|archive-date=22 April 2007|access-date=22 August 2019}}</ref> He authored 111 books.<ref name="DT" />

==History==
His ancestors moved from Sihali, [[Barabanki district|Barabanki]] to the Firangi Mahal around 1692.<ref name="DT"/> In 1915, he was residing in Lucknow.

==Politics==

During the [[First World War]] he asked the Sultan of Turkey to support Britain or remain out of the war.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=HUo4AAAAIAAJ&dq=Abdul+Bari+Nadvi&pg=PA140 Gandhi's Rise to Power: Indian Politics 1915–1922 By Judith M. Brown]</ref>

On 26 January 1919 he presided over a protest meeting in Lucknow against the British attitude against Muslims.<ref>[https://www.jafariyanews.com/articles/2k4/21nov_baqihistory.htm Jafariya News, 21 November 2004] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100406053120/https://www.jafariyanews.com/articles/2k4/21nov_baqihistory.htm |date=6 April 2010 }}</ref><ref>[http://www.tnfj.org.pk/historicpersp.htm The historic perspective of Inhidaam-e-Jannatul Baqee & Jannatul Mualla] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100412023847/http://www.tnfj.org.pk/historicpersp.htm |date=12 April 2010 }}</ref>

He was highly active in the [[Khilafat movement]].<ref name="DT"/>

He preached [[Hindu]]-[[Muslim]] unity, especially during the Khilafat agitation, and was an associate of [[Mahatma Gandhi]]. On other occasions, he urged Muslims not to sacrifice cows in respect of the Hindus.<ref>September 1923. Francis Robinson, Separatism Among Indian Muslims, Delhi, 1975, p. 339.</ref>

==Institutions==

* In his opposition to [[secular education|Western education]], he founded ''Madarssa-i-Nizamia'' in [[Lucknow]].
* He set up ''Anjuman-i-Khuddam-i-Kabba'' (1914) to prevent desecration of Muslim Holy places by the British.
* He was the founder member of ''Darul Mussannefin'' [[Shibli Academy]], (1915–1916).<ref name="SA">[https://www.shibliacademy.org/founding_people Darul Musannefin Shibli Academy] Retrieved 22 August 2019</ref>
* He was the founder member of [[Jamia Millia Islamia]] in [[United Provinces of Agra and Oudh|United Province]]s, India (1920).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.jmi.nic.in/HistoryofJamia.htm |title=Jamia Millia Islamia, A Historical Note|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070630204759/http://www.jmi.nic.in/HistoryofJamia.htm|archive-date=30 June 2007|access-date=22 August 2019}}</ref>

==See also==
*[[Ansari (nesbat)]]
*[[Islam in India]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://books.google.com/books?id=czKYZPyoyx0C Pan-Islam in British Indian politics: a study of the Khilafat Movement, 1918 By M. Naeem Qureshi]

{{Authority control}}

{{Hanafi scholars}}
{{Maturidi}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bari, Maulana Abdul}}
[[Category:1878 births]]
[[Category:1926 deaths]]
[[Category:Scholars from Lucknow]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian Muslims]]
[[Category:Muslim writers]]
[[Category:Founders of Indian schools and colleges]]
[[Category:Hanafis]]
[[Category:Maturidis]]
[[Category:Indian independence activists from Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian scholars]]
[[Category:Founders of Jamiat Ulama-e-Hind]]
[[Category:Founders of Jamia Millia Islamia]]

Akdoni Khurd

2025-12-02T11:56:00Z

WilfredBirmingha: adjust lead also and fixed typos

{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2022}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Akdoni Khurd
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Census Town
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Jharkhand#India
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Jharkhand, India
| coordinates = {{coord|24.1704|N|86.2792|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Jharkhand]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Giridih district|Giridih]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 = 4.58
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 6321
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages (*For language details see [[Giridih block#Language and religion]])
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi language|Hindi]], [[Urdu language|Urdu]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 815312
| area_code_type = Telephone/ STD code
| area_code = 06532
| registration_plate =
| blank1_name_sec1 = [[Lok Sabha]] constituency
| blank1_info_sec1 = [[Giridih (Lok Sabha constituency)|Giridih]]
| blank2_name_sec1 = [[Vidhan Sabha]] constituency
| blank2_info_sec1 = [[Giridih (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Giridih]]
| website = {{URL|giridih.nic.in/}}
| footnotes =
}}
'''Akdoni Khurd''' is a [[census town]] in the [[Giridih block|Giridih]] [[Community development blocks in India|CD block]] in the [[Giridih Sadar subdivision]] of the [[Giridih district]] in the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[Jharkhand]].

==Geography==
{{OSM Location map
| width=310| height=480| zoom=9
| coord={{coord|24|19|0|N|86|10|0|E}}| float=left|caption='''Cities, towns and locations in the Giridih district in North Chotanagpur Division''' M: municipality, CT: census town, R: rural/ urban centre, H: historical/ religious/ tourist centre Owing to space constraints in the small map, the actual locations in a larger map may vary slightly
|mark-coord1={{coord|24|6|36|N|86|28|51|E}} | label-pos1=bottom|label1= Ahilyapur | numbered1=R| mark-title1=[[Ahilyapur]] (R)|label-color1=#800000 |label-size1=11| mark-size1=12|shape1=l-circle|shape-color1= #C40000|shape-outline1=white|label-offset-x1=2
|mark-coord2={{coord|23|55|24|N|86|2|38|E}} | label-pos2=left|label2= Nimiaghat| numbered2=R| mark-title2=[[Asurbandh]] (R)
|mark-coord3={{coord|24|5|30|N|85|49|50|E}} | label-pos3=right|label3= Bagodar| numbered3=R| mark-title3=[[Bagodar]] (R)
|mark-coord4={{coord|24|18|6|N|86|21|39|E}} | label-pos4=left|label4= Bengabad| numbered4=R| mark-title4=[[Bengabad]] (R)
|mark-coord5={{coord|24|35|39|N|86|13|28|E}} | label-pos5=top|label5= Bhelwaghati| numbered5=R| mark-title5=[[Bhelwaghati]] (R)
|mark-coord6={{coord|24|16|28|N|85|55|31|E}} | label-pos6=left|label6= Birni| numbered6=R| mark-title6=[[Birni, Giridih]] (R)
|mark-coord7={{coord|24|30|51|N|86|11|40|E}} | label-pos7=top|label7= Deori| numbered7=R| mark-title7=[[Deori, Giridih]] (R)
|mark-coord8={{coord|23|59|20|N|85|59|30|E}} | label-pos8=left|label8= Dumri| numbered8=R| mark-title8=[[Dumri, Giridih]] (R)
|mark-coord9={{coord|24|11|30|N|86|26|20|E}} | label-pos9=right|label9= Gandey| numbered9=R| mark-title9=[[Gandey]] (R)
|mark-coord10={{coord|24|37|16|N|85|56|47|E}} | label-pos10=left|label10= Gawan| numbered10=R| mark-title10=[[Gawan, Giridih]] (R)
|mark-coord11={{coord|24|3|50|N|85|52|48|E}} | label-pos11=right|label11= Hesla| numbered11=R| mark-title11=[[Hesla]] (R)
|mark-coord12={{coord|24|22|13|N|86|8|51|E}} | label-pos12=bottom|label12= Jamua| numbered12=R| mark-title12=[[Jamua]] (R)
|mark-coord13={{coord|24|27|49|N|86|0|15|E}} | label-pos13=top|label13= Khori Mahua| numbered13=R| mark-title13=[[Khori Mahua]] (R)
|mark-coord14={{coord|24|0|26|N|86|13|24|E}} | label-pos14=right|label14= Khukhra| numbered14=R| mark-title14=[[Khukhra]] (R)
|mark-coord15={{coord|24|27|10|N|86|2|51|E}} | label-pos15=right|label15= Hirodih| numbered15=R| mark-title15=[[Pandedih]] (R)
|mark-coord16={{coord|24|4|0|N|86|9|47|E}} | label-pos16=left|label16= Pirtand| numbered16=R| mark-title16=[[Pirtand]] (R)
|mark-coord17={{coord|24|11|13|N|85|53|29|E}} | label-pos17=left|label17= Suriya| numbered17=R| mark-title17=[[Suriya, Giridih]] (R)
|mark-coord18={{coord|24|3|4|N|86|26|0|E}} | label-pos18=left|label18= Taratanr| numbered18=R| mark-title18=[[Taratanr]] (R)
|mark-coord19={{coord|24|34|28|N|86|3|32|E}} | label-pos19=right|label19= Tisri| numbered19=R| mark-title19=[[Tisri, Giridih]] (R)
|mark-coord20={{coord|24|12|30|N|86|18|20|E}} | label-pos20=right|label20=Giridih| numbered20=M| mark-title20= [[Giridih]] (M) |label-size21=13 |label-color20=#800000
|mark-coord21={{coord|23|57|40|N|86|8|13|E}} | label-pos21=left|label21= Shikharji| numbered21=H| mark-title21=[[Shikharji]] (H) | shape-color21=#AA6666
|mark-coord22={{coord|23|57|0|N|86|10|0|E}} | label-pos22=right|label22= Pareshath Hill| numbered22=H| mark-title22=[[Pareshnath Hill]] (H) | shape-color22=#AA6666
|mark-coord23={{coord|24|0|25|N|86|8|46|E}} | label-pos23=top|label23= Madhuban| numbered23=H| mark-title23=[[Madhuban, Giridih]] (H) | shape-color23=#AA6666
|mark-coord24={{coord|24|25|24|N|86|9|57|E}} | label-pos24=right|label24= Kharagdiha| numbered24=H| mark-title24=[[Kharagdiha]] (H) | shape-color24=#AA6666
|mark-coord25={{coord|24|5|47|N|86|22|14|E}} | label-pos25=left|label25= Usri Falls| numbered25=H| mark-title25=[[Usri Falls]] (H) | shape-color25=#AA6666
|mark-coord26={{coord|24|8|20|N|86|16|30|E}} | label-pos26=left|label26=Giridih coalfield |numbered26=0 | mark-title26=[[Giridih Coalfield]] | label-size26=12| shape-color26=#AA6666
|mark-coord27={{coord|24|10|13|N|86|16|15|E}}| label-pos27=left|label27=Akdoni Khurd| numbered27=CT| mark-title27= Akdoni Khurd (CT) |shape-color27=black| label-size27=13|label-color27=black 
|mark-coord28={{coord|24|9|50|N|85|53|25|E}}| label-pos28=bottom|label28=Barki Saraiya| numbered28=CT| mark-title28= [[Barki Saraiya]] (CT) |shape-color28= #A40000
|mark-coord29={{coord|24|8|50|N|86|18|28|E}}| label-pos29=right|label29=Dandidih| numbered29=CT| mark-title29= [[Dandidih]] (CT) |shape-color29= #A40000
|mark-coord30={{coord|24|25|12|N|85|58|48|E}}| label-pos30=left|label30=Dhanwar| numbered30=CT| mark-title30= [[Dhanwar, Giridih]] (CT) |shape-color30= #A40000
|mark-coord31={{coord|23|59|14|N|86|1|48|E}}| label-pos31=right|label31=Isri| numbered31=CT| mark-title31= [[Isri]] (CT) |shape-color31= #A40000
|mark-coord32={{coord|24|0|50|N|86|0|52|E}}| label-pos32=left|label32=Jamtara| numbered32=CT| mark-title32= [[Jamtara, Giridih]] (CT) |shape-color32= #A40000
|mark-coord33={{coord|24|14|0|N|86|24|18|E}}| label-pos33=top|label33=Maheshmunda| numbered33=CT| mark-title33= [[Maheshmunda]] (CT) |shape-color33= #A40000
|mark-coord34={{coord|24|10|0|N|86|18|27|E}}| label-pos34=right|label34=Paratdih| numbered34=CT| mark-title34= [[Paratdih]] (CT) |shape-color34= #A40000
|mark-coord35={{coord|24|7|30|N|86|19|10|E}}| label-pos35=right|label35=Pertodih| numbered35=CT| mark-title35= [[Pertodih]] (CT) |shape-color35= #A40000
|mark-coord36={{coord|24|14|0|N|86|17|35|E}}| label-pos36=left|label36=Sirsia| numbered36=CT| mark-title36= [[Sirsia]] (CT) |shape-color36= #A40000
|mark-coord37={{coord|24|12|15|N|86|15|27|E}}| label-pos37=left|label37=Telodih| numbered37=CT| mark-title37= [[Telodih]] (CT) |shape-color37= #A40000
|mark-coord38={{coord|24|8|30|N|86|0|0|E}} |label38= Barakar|labela38= River |label-color38 = #77A1CB| label-angle38= -10| label-pos38=top| label-size38=10| mark-size38=0| mark-title38 =none
|mark-coord39={{coord|24|0|0|N|85|49|20|E}} |label39= Jamunia|labela39= River|label-color39 = #77A1CB| label-angle39= -50| label-pos39=top| label-size39=10| mark-size39=0| mark-title39 =none
|mark-coord40={{coord|24|33|0|N|86|0|0|E}} |label40= Sakri River|label-color40 = #77A1CB| label-angle40= 20| label-pos40=top| label-size40=10| mark-size40=0| mark-title40 =none
|mark-coord41={{coord|24|39|19|N|86|0|17|E}} | label-pos41=left|label41= Lokainayanpur| numbered41=R| mark-title41=[[Lokainayanpur]] (R)
|mark-coord42={{coord|24|23|25|N|86|10|24|E}} | label-pos42=right|label42= Mirzaganj| numbered42=R| mark-title42=[[Mirzaganj]] (R)
|mark-coord43={{coord|24|20|28|N|86|1|4|E}} | label-pos43=left|label43= Jharkhand|labela43= Dham| numbered43=H| mark-title43=[[Jharkhand Dham]] (H) | shape-color43=#AA6666
|arc-coordA={{coord|24|48|0|N|85|50|0|E}}|arc-textA= BIHAR| arc-text-colorA=hard grey| arc-angleA=-35| arc-gapA=15.0| arc-radiusA=0.35}}

===Location===
Akdoni Khurd is located at {{coord|24.1704|N|86.2792|E|display=inline}}.

===Area overview===
Giridih district is a part of the [[Chota Nagpur Plateau]], with rocky soil and extensive forests. Most of the rivers in the district flow from the west to east, except in the northern portion where the rivers flow north and north west. The [[Pareshnath Hill]] rises to a height of {{convert|4479|ft}}. The district has coal and mica mines. It is an overwhelmingly rural district with small pockets of urbanisation.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/20/2004_PART_A_DCHB_GIRIDIH.pdf | title = District Census Handbook 2011 Giridih, Series 21, Part XII A| work = Natural Divisions, Forests: pages 8 and 9 | publisher = Directorate of Census Operations, Jharkhand | accessdate = 15 December 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/pca/cdb_pca_census/Houselisting-housing-JK.html |title = 2011 Census C.D. Block Wise Primary Census Abstract Data(PCA) | work= Jharkhand – District-wise CD Blocks|publisher= Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India | accessdate = 23 September 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = http://desjharkhand.nic.in/publications.html | title = District Statistical Handbook, Giridih | work = Tables 2.1, 2.4, 2.6 | publisher = Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Department of Planning and Development, Jharkhand | accessdate = 23 September 2017 }}</ref>

Note: The map alongside presents some of the notable locations in the district. All places marked in the map are linked in the larger full screen map.

==Demographics==
According to the [[2011 Census of India]], Akdoni Khurd had a total population of 6,321, of which 3,296 (52%) were males and 3,025 (48%) were females. Population in the age range 0–6 years was 1,020. The total number of literate persons in Akdoni Khurd was 3,703 (69.85% of the population over 6 years).<ref name=census2011>{{cite web| url = https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/2004_PART_B_DCHB_GIRIDIH.pdf| title = District Census Handbook, Giridih, Series 21, Part XII B| work= Page 292: District Primary Census Abstract, 2011 census |publisher= Directorate of Census Operations Jharkhand | accessdate = 8 December 2020}}</ref>

==Infrastructure==
According to the ''District Census Handbook 2011, Giridih'', Akdoni Khurd covered an area of 4.58 km2. Among the civic amenities, it had 8 km roads with open drains, the protected water supply involved tap water from treated sources, hand pump, overhead tank. It had 1,017 domestic electric connections, 2 road light points. Among the educational facilities it had 5 primary school, 2 middle school, 1 secondary school, the nearest senior secondary school at Giridih 7 km away. It had the branch offices of 1 nationalised bank, 1 private commercial bank, 1 agricultural credit society.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/20/2004_PART_A_DCHB_GIRIDIH.pdf | title = District Census Handbook Giridih, Census of India 2011, Series 20, Part XII A | work= Pages 1309-1317| publisher = Directorate of census Operations, Jharkhand |accessdate = 7 December 2020}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Giridih District}}

[[Category:Cities and towns in Giridih district]]

List of Odia films of 2002

2025-11-29T10:43:32Z

WilfredBirmingha: New

{{Short description|None}}
{{Ollywood films}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2022}}
This is a list of films produced by the [[Ollywood]] film industry based in [[Bhubaneshwar]] and [[Cuttack]] in 2002:

==A-Z==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Title !! Director !! Cast !! Genre !! Notes
|-
| {{Year header}} | '''[[2002 in film|2002]]'''
|-
|''[[Dharma Sahile Hela]]''<ref>{{Citation|title=Dharma Sahile Hela|url=http://www.imdb.com/title/tt1435488/|access-date=2019-02-07}}</ref>||[[Mohmadd Mohsin]] ||[[Siddhanta Mahapatra]], [[Rachana Banerjee]] || ||
|-
|''Dharini''||[[Susant Mishra]]||[[Kirti Kulhari]], Rachna Shah||Drama||
|-
|''[[Ghare Sindura Dhare Luha]]''<ref>{{Citation|title=Gare Sindura Dhare Luha|url=http://www.imdb.com/title/tt1435504/|access-date=2019-02-07}}</ref>||[[Gobind Tej]] ||[[Siddhanta Mahapatra]] [[Anu Chowdhury]] || ||
|-
|''[[Gopare Badhuchu Kala Kanhei]]''||[[Asit Pati]] ||[[Siddhanta Mahapatra]], [[Mihir Das]] || ||
|-
|''[[Maa kande puate pain]]''<ref>{{Citation|title=Maa Kande Aaji Puate Pain|url=http://www.imdb.com/title/tt1737213/|access-date=2019-02-07}}</ref>||[[Asit Pati]] ||[[Siddhanta Mahapatra]], [[Jairam Samal]] || ||
|-
|''Maa O Mamata''|| ||[[Anu Chowdhury]], [[Mihir Das]] || ||
|-
| ''[[Mana Rahigala Tumari Thare]]''<ref>{{Citation|title=Mana Rahigala Tumari Thare|url=http://www.imdb.com/title/tt1456876/|access-date=2019-02-07}}</ref>||[[Sanjay Nayak]] ||[[Siddhanta Mahapatra]], [[Anu Chowdhury]], [[Jyoti Misra]] || ||
|-
|''[[Muhurta (film)|Muhurta]]''<ref>{{Citation|title=Muhurta|url=http://www.imdb.com/title/tt1459939/|access-date=2019-02-07}}</ref>||[[Man Mohan Mahapatra]] || || ||
|-
|''[[Pua Mora Jagata Jita]]''<ref>{{Citation|title=Pua Mora Jagata Jita|url=http://www.imdb.com/title/tt1449840/|access-date=2019-02-07}}</ref>|| [[Sanak Devata]] ||[[Siddhanta Mahapatra]] [[Anu Chowdhury]], [[Bijay Mohanty]] || ||
|-
|''[[Rahichi Rahibi Tohri Pain]]''<ref>{{Citation|title=Rahichi Rahibi Tori Paain|url=http://www.imdb.com/title/tt1461269/|access-date=2019-02-07}}</ref>||[[Sanjay Nayak]] ||[[Siddhanta Mahapatra]] || ||Best music director Pravanshu Samantaray and Malay Mishra
|-
|''[[Samay Chaka Re Sansaar Ratha]]''<ref>{{Citation|title=Samaya Chakare Sansara Ratha|url=http://www.imdb.com/title/tt1469376/|access-date=2019-02-07}}</ref>||[[Jitendra Mohapatra]] ||[[Bijay Mohanty]], [[Mihir Das]], Aparajita Mohanty, [[Siddhanta Mahapatra]] || ||
|-
|''[[Sei Jhiati]]''<ref>{{Citation|title=Sei Jhiati|url=http://www.imdb.com/title/tt1431312/|access-date=2019-02-07}}</ref>|| [[Sanjay Pathak (director)|Sanjay Pathak]]||[[Siddhanta Mahapatra]], [[Rachana Banerjee]] || ||
|-
|''Sindura Nuhein Khela Ghara''<ref>{{Citation|title=Sindura Nuhein Khela Ghara|url=http://www.imdb.com/title/tt1435590/|access-date=2019-02-06}}</ref>||[[Rabi Kinagi]]||[[Siddhanta Mahapatra]], [[Rachana Banerjee]] || ||
|-
|''[[Wrong Number (2002 film)|Wrong Number]]''<ref>{{Citation|title=Wrong Number|url=http://www.imdb.com/title/tt1407316/|access-date=2019-02-07}}</ref>||[[Bobby Islam]] || [[Jyoti Misra]], [[Pradyumna Lenka]], [[Pintu Nanda]]|| ||
|-
|''[[Jiddi]]''|| ||[[Siddhanta Mahapatra]], [[Bijay Mohanty]] || ||
|-
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Indian film list}}
{{2002 films}}

[[Category:Lists of Odia films by year|2002]]
[[Category:Lists of 2002 films by language|Ollywood]]
[[Category:2000s in Orissa]]
[[Category:2002 in Indian cinema]]

Bharat Bangladesh Film Awards

2025-11-17T13:56:54Z

WilfredBirmingha: done - done

{{Short description|South Asian film awards program}}
{{Infobox film or theatre festival
|name=Bharat Bangladesh Film Awards
|image=
|caption=
|location=[[India]] and [[Bangladesh]]
|awards=
|founded=2019
|number=
|last=2019
|website={{url|https://bbdfa.in/}}

}}

'''Bharat Bangladesh Film Awards''' is a platform to recognize cinematic excellence from India and Bangladesh.<ref>{{cite web|title=Welcome to the Official Website of BBFA - Bharat Bangladesh Film Award|url=https://bbdfa.in/|access-date=2022-12-28|website=bbdfa.in|archive-date=2022-12-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221228075635/https://bbdfa.in/|url-status=dead}}</ref>

== 1st Bharat Bangladesh Film Awards ==
The Bharat Bangladesh Film Awards were held on 21 October 2019 at [[Bashundhara Residential Area|Bashundhara]], [[Dhaka]], Bangladesh. Jointly organized by the [[Film Federation of India]] (FFI), [[Bashundhara Group]], and the production company [[TM Films]]. Hosted by actor [[Shahriar Nazim Joy]] and comedian [[Mir Afsar Ali]].<ref name=":0">{{cite news|date=2019-10-23|language=en|title=Bharat-Bangladesh Film Awards held in Dhaka|url=https://www.thedailystar.net/arts-entertainment/news/bharat-bangladesh-film-awards-held-dhaka-1817290|access-date=2022-12-28|work=[[The Daily Star (Bangladesh)|The Daily Star]]}}</ref>

{| class="sortable wikitable" style="text-align: center"
|-
!Category
!'''Country'''
!'''Name / Film'''
!'''Reference'''
|-
| rowspan="2" |Lifetime Achievement
|India
|[[Ranjit Mallick]]
| rowspan="16" |<ref>{{cite news|title=Bharat-Bangladesh Film Award ceremony tomorrow|url=https://m.theindependentbd.com/printversion/details/220194|access-date=2022-12-28|work=The Independent|location=Dhaka}}</ref><ref name=":0" /><ref>{{cite news|date=2019-10-22|language=en|title=1st Bharat Bangladesh Film Awards: Here's a list of all the winners|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movies/news/1st-bharat-bangladesh-film-awards-heres-a-list-of-all-the-winners/photostory/71705598.cms|access-date=2022-12-28|work=The Times of India}}</ref>
|-
|Bangladesh
|[[Anwara Begum]]
|-
| rowspan="2" |Best Film
|India
|[[Nagarkirtan]]
|-
|Bangladesh
|[[Debi (2018 film)|Debi]]
|-
| rowspan="2" |Best Director
|India
|[[Srijit Mukherji]]
|-
|Bangladesh
|[[Nasiruddin Yousuff]]
|-
| rowspan="2" |Popular Film of the Year
|India
|[[Byomkesh Gotro]]
|-
|Bangladesh
|[[Password (2019 Bangladeshi film)|Password]]
|-
| rowspan="2" |Popular Actor of the Year
|India
|[[Jeet (actor)|Jeet]]
|-
|Bangladesh
|[[Shakib Khan]]
|-
| rowspan="2" |Popular Actress of the Year
|India
|[[Rituparna Sengupta]]
|-
|Bangladesh
|[[Jaya Ahsan]]
|-
| rowspan="2" |Best Actor
|India
|[[Prosenjit Chatterjee]]
|-
|Bangladesh
|[[Siam Ahmed]]
|-
| rowspan="2" |Best Actress
|India
|[[Paoli Dam]]
|-
|Bangladesh
|[[Jaya Ahsan]]
|-
| rowspan="2" |Best Supporting Actor
|India
|[[Arjun Chakrabarty]]
|
|-
|Bangladesh
|[[Mamnun Hasan Emon|Emon]]
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |Best Supporting Actress
|India
|[[Sudipta Chakraborty]]
|
|-
|Bangladesh
|[[Zakia Bari Mamo]]
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |Best Music Director
|India
|[[Bickram Ghosh]]
|
|-
|Bangladesh
|[[Hridoy Khan]]
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |Best Male Playback Singer
|India
|[[Anirban Bhattacharya]]
|
|-
|Bangladesh
|[[Imran Mahmudul]]
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |Best Female Playback Singer
|India
|[[Nikita Nandi]]
|
|-
|Bangladesh
|[[Somnur Monir Konal]] & [[Oyshee]]
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |Best Screenwriter
|India
|[[Parambrata Chatterjee]]
|
|-
|Bangladesh
|[[Ferahari Farhad]]
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |Best Cinematographer
|India
|[[Srijit Mukherji]]
|
|-
|Bangladesh
|[[Kamrul Hasan Khosru]]
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |Best Film Editor
|India
|[[Sanglap Bhowmik]]
|
|-
|Bangladesh
|[[Touhid Hossain Chowdhury]]
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |Special Jury Award
|India
|[[Yash Dasgupta]] & [[Damini Beni Basu]]
| rowspan="2" |<ref>{{cite news|script-title=bn:ভারত-বাংলাদেশ ফিল্ম অ্যাওয়ার্ডস: মনোনয়ন পেয়েছেন যারা|trans-title=India-Bangladesh Film Awards: List of Nominees|url=https://barta24.com/details/entertainment/59075/who-has-been-nominated-for-the-india-bangladesh-film-award|access-date=2022-12-28|work=Barta24|language=bn}}</ref>
|-
|Bangladesh
|[[Taskeen Rahman]] & [[Bidya Sinha Saha Mim]]
|}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{Official|https://bbdfa.in/}}
* [https://www.zee5.com/global/tv-shows/details/bharat-bangla-film-awards-2019/0-6-2243 1st Bharat Bangladesh Film Awards on ZEE5]

[[Category:Film festivals in India]]
[[Category:Film festivals in Bangladesh]]
[[Category:Film festivals established in 2019]]
[[Category:Film festivals held in multiple countries]]
[[Category:Bangladesh–India cultural relations]]

Sarathi Socio Cultural Trust

2025-11-15T10:52:56Z

WilfredBirmingha: New A Post Initial Version - done

{{short description|Indian nonprofit organization}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2018}}
[[File:Sarathi Logo.png|thumb|150x150px|Sarathi Socio Cultural Trust]]
'''Sarathi Socio Cultural Trust''' is a non profit organization in [[Bangalore]], founded in 2003. The organization is involved in organizing socio-cultural events in [[Koramangala]], the highlight being the grand "[[Durga Puja]]",<ref name=":7">{{Cite web|url = http://www.telegraphindia.com/1080726/jsp/nation/story_9603278.jsp|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080731212448/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1080726/jsp/nation/story_9603278.jsp|url-status = dead|archive-date = 31 July 2008|title = A trip down bomb-planted pavements|date = 26 July 2008|accessdate = 27 September 2014|website = |publisher = The Telegraph|last = Datta|first = Shantanu}}</ref> which sees at least 150,000 to 200,000 visitors every year,<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url = http://www.telegraphindia.com/1090927/jsp/nation/story_11547193.jsp|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090930090251/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1090927/jsp/nation/story_11547193.jsp|url-status = dead|archive-date = 30 September 2009|title = Lakshmi smile on Durga Puja - Hint of revival from crisis in bangalore festivities|date = 27 September 2009|accessdate = 27 September 2014|website = |publisher = The Telegraph|last = Sukumaran|first = Ajay}}</ref> and which got the "Senco Sharod Samman" award for the best ambiance and crowd management in 2018.<ref name=":9">{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bengaluru/barsha-hsr-layout-bags-best-durga-puja-pandal-award-in-bengaluru/articleshow/66319835.cms|title=Barsha-HSR Layout bags best Durga Puja pandal award in Bengaluru - Times of India|work=The Times of India|access-date=2018-10-22}}</ref><ref name=":10">{{Cite news|url=https://m.dailyhunt.in/news/india/english/ibg+news-epaper-ibgnws/maitree+bandhaan+organized+senco+sharod+samman+award+2018+in+bangalore-newsid-99910099|title=Maitree Bandhaan organized Senco Sharod Samman Award 2018 in Bangalore - IBG News {{!}} DailyHunt|work=DailyHunt|access-date=2018-10-30|language=en}}</ref> In 2020, Sarathi used its funds to help many people, like the idol-makers and others, whose livelihoods were badly impacted due to the pandemic.<ref name=":15">{{Cite news|last=Sudevan|first=Praveen|date=2020-10-20|title=Festivities go online in low-key Durga puja|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/bangalore/festivities-go-online-in-low-key-durga-puja/article32902539.ece|access-date=2020-12-03|issn=0971-751X}}</ref>
[[File:Kohal Team.jpg|thumb|378x378px|Sammad 2010]]
Transcending the boundaries of provincialism, ethnicity and languages, Sarathi encourages people from all communities to participate<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url = http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bangalore/Durga-Puja-2012-Bangalores-4-lakh-Bengalis-all-set-for-the-festivity/articleshow/16857987.cms|title = Durga Puja 2012: Bangalore's 4 lakh Bengalis all set for the festivity|date = 18 October 2012|accessdate = 27 September 2014|website = |publisher = Times of India|last = Mukherjee|first = Saswati B}}</ref><ref name=":11">{{Cite web|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/city/bengaluru-politics/mp-tejasvi-surya-to-inaugurate-durga-puja-2019-765881.html|title=MP Tejasvi Surya to inaugurate Durga Puja 2019|date=2019-10-03|website=Deccan Herald|language=en|access-date=2019-10-13}}</ref> in its cultural fiesta, branded as Sammad - "an Indian cultural extravaganza",<ref name=":5">{{Cite web|title = How Navratri celebrations are bringing different communities together in Bengaluru - The Economic Times|url = http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/how-navratri-celebrations-are-bringing-different-communities-together-in-bengaluru/articleshow/49447880.cms|website = The Economic Times|publisher = Economic Times|accessdate = 2015-10-25}}</ref> which was inaugurated by the likes of [[Tejasvi Surya]] (2019),<ref name=":12">{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/society/history-and-culture/a-goddess-for-all/article29567205.ece|title=A goddess for all|last=Datta|first=Sravasti|date=2019-10-01|work=The Hindu|access-date=2019-10-13|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref name=":11" /> [[Santhosh Hegde|Justice Santhosh Hegde]], [[G. R. Gopinath|Captain Gopinath]] and Ashok Soota over the years.<ref>{{Cite web|url = http://sarathionline.org/|title = Sarathi Home Page|date = |accessdate = 27 September 2014|website = |publisher = Sarathi Socio Cultural Trust|last = |first = }}</ref> "One of the oldest"<ref name=":6">{{Cite web|url = http://www.deccanherald.com/content/194299/many-facets-fest.html|title = Many facets of a fest|date = |accessdate = 27 September 2014|website = |publisher = Deccan Herald|last = Lasrado|first = Svetlana}}</ref> in the city, it's "more contemporary in terms of crowd"<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url = http://www.deccanherald.com/content/362538/soak-up-ambience.html|title = Soak up the ambience|date = 11 October 2013|accessdate = 27 September 2014|website = |publisher = Deccan Herald|last = Satyanarayan|first = Shwetha}}</ref> among the various [[Durga Puja]] celebrations in Bangalore.

Seen as "a meeting ground for young people, many from the IT, banking and other sectors, who form the cream of Bangalore", major corporate brands like [[UB Group|UB]], [[HSBC]], [[Reliance Retail|Reliance Jewels]] and others were involved with Sammad over the years.<ref name=":3" /><ref>{{Cite web|url = http://sarathionline.org/html/corporaterelations.php|title = Sarathi: Corporate|date = |accessdate = 27 September 2014|website = |publisher = |last = |first = }}</ref>

Important cultural icons, the likes of [[Ash King]], [[Rupankar Bagchi|Rupankar]], [[Kavita Krishnamoorthy]], [[Anupam Roy]], [[Srijit Mukherji]], [[Parambrata Chatterjee]], [[Srikanto Acharya]], [[Lopamudra Mitra|Lopamudra]], [[Somlata Acharyya Chowdhury|Somlata]], [[June Banerjee]], [[Neel Dutt]], [[Bhoomi (band)|Bhoomi]], [[Cactus (American band)|Cactus]], [[Paras pathar|Paras Pathar]] and others, have performed at Sammad.

== Background ==
Being the hub of IT in the nineties, Koramangala has been a focus of many [[Bengalis]] for whom the nearest Durga Puja was [[Ulsoor]]. This prompted a group of people staying in and around Koramangala, who "pined for home at that time of the year when the ''dhaaks'' beat out their insistent rhythm and the smell of egg rolls is redolent in the air",<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|url = http://www.telegraphindia.com/1081005/jsp/graphiti/story_9927223.jsp|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20081011002404/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1081005/jsp/graphiti/story_9927223.jsp|url-status = dead|archive-date = 11 October 2008|title = The Bangalore connection|date = 5 October 2008|accessdate = 27 September 2014|website = |publisher = The Telegraph|last = Bagchi|first = Shrabonti}}</ref> to start one in Koramangala.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web|url = http://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/bangalore/article1337049.ece?service=print|archive-url = https://archive.today/20140927041143/http://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/bangalore/article1337049.ece?service=print|url-status = dead|archive-date = 27 September 2014|title = Chant 'Ma Kali' this Diwali|date = 12 November 2012|accessdate = 27 Sep 2014|website = |publisher = The New Indian Express|last = Dutta Roy|first = Anindita}}</ref>
[[File:Censer Dance - Sarathi Socio Cultural Trust.jpg|thumb|400x400px|[[Dhunachi|Dhunuchi]] Naach]]
Though over the years its USP has been a "new age feel", with events like fashion show<ref name=":13">{{Cite web|url=https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/bangalore/others/feel-at-home/articleshow/71429665.cms|title=Feel at home|date=October 4, 2019|website=Bangalore Mirror|language=en|access-date=2019-10-13}}</ref> and "rock competition [Bandemonium] for college students during the five days of celebrations",<ref>{{Cite web|url = http://sarathionline.org/html/sarathinews.php|title = Sarathi: In News|date = |accessdate = 27 September 2014|website = |publisher = Sarathi Socio Cultural Trust|last = |first = }}</ref> it's also rooted in tradition and culture through the unique programs based on fusion of contemporary and classical dance forms, ''[[Ululation|Ulu]] dhwani and'' S''ankha'' (conch) blowing competition, [[Dhunachi|Dhunuchi]] (censer) Dance competition, as well as ''dhaaki'' (traditional Bengali drum players) competition.<ref name=":12" /><ref name=":14">{{Cite web|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/metrolife/metrolife-your-bond-with-bengaluru/green-durga-puja-celebrations-in-city-766027.html|title=Green Durga Puja celebrations in city|date=2019-10-03|website=Deccan Herald|language=en|access-date=2019-10-13}}</ref>

Their general theme has been always "'Bibidher Majhe Milan', that is "Unity in Diversity". [Their] various cultural programmes [] celebrate the essence of India, rather than just Bengali culture."<ref name=":5" />

Author and musician [[Sudipto Das]] is currently the General Secretary of Sarathi Socio Cultural Trust.<ref name=":8" />

== Awards ==

# Maitree Bandhaan organized "Senco Sharod Samman Award 2018" for the best ambiance and crowd management.<ref name=":9" /><ref name=":10" />

== Media ==

=== 2020 ===

# The trust [...] will use its festival funds to help people, like idol-makers, whose livelihoods have been affected due to the restrictions on celebrations.<ref name=":15" /> - [[The Hindu]], 20 October 2020

=== 2019 ===

# This [...] will be inaugurated by Tejasvi Surya, member of Parliament, on October 3 at 7pm - [[The Hindu]], 1 October 2019.<ref name=":12" />
# The celebration has transcended the boundaries of provincialism, ethnicity and languages - [[Deccan Herald]], 3 October 2019.<ref name=":11" />
# The grand food court will offer a variety of modern and traditional dishes from across the country - [[Deccan Herald]], 3 October 2019.<ref name=":14" />
# Koramangala might be ridden with potholes and broken roads but making a trip to this pandal, set up by Sarathi Socio-Cultural Trust, is worth it - [[Bangalore Mirror]], 4 October 2019.<ref name=":13" />
#We're here at Koramangala's popular Sarathi Cultural Durga Puja - [Video] BoldskyTamil.<ref>{{Citation|title=வங்காளிகள் துர்கா பூஜையை எப்படி கொண்டாடுவர்? {{!}} Bengali's Durga Puja 2019 Celebration|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L8SmMxnpym8|language=en|access-date=2019-10-13}}</ref>

=== 2018 ===

# The best ambience and crowd management award went to Sarathi Socio Cultural Trust - [[Times of India]], 22 October 2018.<ref name=":9" />
# This year’s puja will be a musical extravaganza - [[The Hindu]], 15 October 2018.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/welcoming-the-goddess/article25223774.ece|title=Welcoming the goddess|last=Datta|first=Sravasti|date=2018-10-15|work=The Hindu|access-date=2018-10-22|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X}}</ref>
# Sarathi socio-cultural trust likes to open its Durga puja party, featuring a classic Kumartuli idol, with a bang. - [[Bangalore Mirror]], 14 October 2018<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/bangalore/others/couldnt-go-home-for-durga-puja-dont-worry-heres-a-list-of-pandals-you-can-check-out/articleshow/66198969.cms|title=Couldn't go home for Durga Puja? Don't worry. Here's a list of pandals you can check out|work=Bangalore Mirror|access-date=2018-10-22}}</ref>

=== 2016 ===
# ''[[Sudipto Das]], general secretary of Sarathi Socio Cultural Trust says: “This is the 14th year of the Pujo. The cultural programme is spread across five days from October 6 to 10 known as Sammad''..." - [[The Hindu]], 30 September 2016.<ref name=":8">{{Cite web|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/welcoming-the-goddess/article9164696.ece|title=Welcoming the Goddess|last=Dutta|first=Sravasti|date=30 September 2016|website=Welcoming the Goddess|publisher=The Hindu|access-date=6 October 2016}}</ref>

=== 2015 ===
# As [[Sudipto Das]], cultural secretary, Sarathi Socio Cultural Trust, Kormangala, put it: "Our theme is 'Bibidher Majhe Milan', that is 'Unity in Diversity'.The various cultural programmes will celebrate the essence of India, rather than just Bengali culture. We are calling it an Indian cultural extravaganza." - [[The Economic Times]], 19 October 2015<ref name=":5" />
# "We want to be inclusive and celebrate Durga Puja as an Indian festival..." - ''[[The Hindu]]'', 20 October 2015.<ref>{{Cite news|title = Hues of festivity|url = http://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/hues-of-festivity/article7784471.ece|newspaper = The Hindu|date = 2015-10-20|access-date = 2015-10-25|issn = 0971-751X|language = en}}</ref>
# "This association is known for its vibrant celebrations" - ''[[The Hindu]]'', 13 October 2015.<ref>{{Cite news|title = A taste of Bengal|url = http://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/a-taste-of-bengal/article7757454.ece|newspaper = The Hindu|date = 2015-10-13|access-date = 2015-10-25|issn = 0971-751X|language = en}}</ref>

=== 2013 ===
# ''In Koramangala, the pandal by Sarathi Cultural Association is more contemporary in terms of the crowd and the stalls''. - [[Deccan Herald]],<ref name=":2" /> 11 October 2013

=== 2012 ===
# ''"We encourage all people, irrespective of community, to participate in the Puja," said [[Sudipto Das]], a member of Sarathi.'' - [[Times of India]]<ref name=":1" />
# ''Nowadays, even the non-bengalis have joined in this celebration''. - [[The New Indian Express]]<ref name=":4" />
# ''There are various fun-filled activities lined up, some of which include performances by Bengali pop artistes and bands along with a homemade food fiesta''. - [[The Hindu]]<ref>{{Cite web|url = http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/karnataka/bengalis-get-ready-for-durga-puja/article4003256.ece|title = Bengalis get ready for Durga Puja|date = 17 October 2012|accessdate = 27 September 2014|website = |publisher = The Hindu|last = |first = }}</ref>
# ''"We have been distributing free bhog everyday...,” says Alok Basu, the chairman of the Sarathi Socio-Cultural Trust''. - [[Deccan Herald]]<ref>{{Cite web|url = http://www.deccanherald.com/content/105024/F|title = A melange of festivities|last = Sher|first = Sonal|date =|website =|publisher = Deccan Herald|accessdate = 27 September 2014}}</ref>

=== 2011 ===
# ''One of the oldest celebrations in the City happens in Koramangala and is conducted by Sarathi Socio-Cultural Trust. Says [[Sudipto Das]], the secretary of the trust''... - Deccan Herald<ref name=":6" />

=== 2009 ===
# ''“If (the) IT (sector) as such doesn’t pick up, it’s very tough for events to happen in Bangalore,” said [[Sudipto Das]], who handles cultural events at the Sarathi Socio-Cultural Trust''. - [[The Telegraph (Calcutta)|The Telegraph]]<ref name=":0" />

=== 2008 ===
# ''“These Pujas are a meeting ground for young people, many from the IT, banking and other sectors, who form the cream of Bangalore. That’s why UB gets involved in a major way,” says [Aloke] Basu''. - [[The Telegraph (Calcutta)|The Telegraph]]<ref name=":3" />
# ''[[Sudipto Das|Sudipto]] [Das], member of Sarathi Socio Cultural Trust, Koramangala, said..., for one more time, the evening was again filled with dance and music shows and a gala dinner''. - [[The Times of India|Times of India]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bengaluru/Farewell-to-Goddess-Durga/articleshow/3578776.cms?null|title=Farewell to Goddess Durga|last=|first=|date=10 October 2008|website=Farewell to Goddess Durga|publisher=Times of India|access-date=17 August 2016}}</ref>
#''Sarathi Socio Cultural Trust in Koramangala too had an unexpected crowd of almost 10,000 persons at Mangal Kalyan Mantapa''.- [[The Times of India|Times of India]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bengaluru/Fervour-marks-Maha-Shasthi/articleshow/3564335.cms?null|title=Fervour marks Maha Shasthi|last=|first=|date=6 October 2008|website=Fervour marks Maha Shasthi|publisher=Times of India|access-date=17 August 2016}}</ref>
#''The Koramangala Sarathi puja will have rock bands... Boogie Boogie, a dance competition and fashion show, will be held on Tuesday''... - [[The Times of India|Times of India]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bengaluru/Navaratri-traditions-of-many-communities-on-show/articleshow/3561454.cms?null|title=Navaratri traditions of many communities on show|last=|first=|date=5 October 2008|website=Navaratri traditions of many communities on show|publisher=Times of India|access-date=17 August 2016}}</ref>
#''It’s also where a grand Durga puja is celebrated every year'' - [[The Telegraph (Calcutta)|The Telegraph]]<ref name=":7" />

== References ==
{{ Reflist }}

== External links ==
*Home page: http://www.sarathionline.org

[[Category:2003 establishments in Karnataka]]
[[Category:Non-profit organisations based in India]]
[[Category:Organisations based in Bengaluru]]

Qila Nau

2025-11-07T16:17:46Z

WilfredBirmingha: new info - done

{{Short description|Village in Faridkot, Punjab, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2025}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Qila Nau
| other_name = ਕਿਲਾ ਨੌ
| settlement_type = Village
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| nickname = Nawan Qila
| pushpin_map = 
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Punjab, India
| pushpin_label_position = right
| coordinates = {{Coord|30.653546|74.704692|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Punjab]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Faridkot district|Faridkot]]
| subdivision_name3 = Households - 853
| government_type = Sarpanch
| governing_body = Gram panchayat
| unit_pref = Metric
| population_total = 4472
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_footnotes =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code = 151213
| registration_plate = PB04
| blank1_name_sec1 = Nearest city
| blank1_info_sec1 = Faridkot
| website =
| demographics1_info1 = [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]]
| blank2_info_sec1 = [[Gram panchayat]]
}}
'''Qila Nau''' ([[Punjabi language|Punjabi]]: ਕਿਲਾ ਨੌ) is a village located in [[Faridkot district]] of [[Punjab]] State.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Qila Nau · Punjab 151203, India |url=https://www.google.com/maps/place/Qila+Nau,+Punjab+151203/@30.6547144,74.692381,15.17z/data=!4m6!3m5!1s0x3917593bc6c1f021:0x421c5142d285090d!8m2!3d30.6539849!4d74.7015158!16s/g/1tjdpqq2!5m1!1e1?entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI1MDYwNC4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw== |access-date=2025-06-08 |website=Qila Nau · Punjab 151203, India |language=en}}</ref>

== Demographics ==
The Village has a population of 4472 of which 2340 are males while 2132 are females as per the population census of 2011.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Census of India 2011 (Punjab) |url=https://cdn.s3waas.gov.in/s3ca9c267dad0305d1a6308d2a0cf1c39c/uploads/2016/09/2018052293.pdf |archive-url= |access-date=8 June 2025 |website=cdn.s3waas.gov.in |page=50}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Qila Nau Village Population - Faridkot - Faridkot, Punjab |url=https://www.census2011.co.in/data/village/35487-qila-nau-punjab.html |access-date=2025-06-08 |website=www.census2011.co.in}}</ref> The postal code of the village is 151213.<ref>{{Cite web |author=|title=Quila Nau Pin Code {{!}} Postal Code (Zip Code) of Quila Nau, Faridkot, Punjab, India |url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/pincode/punjab/faridkot/quila-nau |access-date=2025-06-08 |website=India TV News |language=en}}</ref> The total geographical area of the village is about 1,948 hectares.<ref name=":02">{{Cite web |title=Census of India 2011 (Punjab) |url=https://cdn.s3waas.gov.in/s3ca9c267dad0305d1a6308d2a0cf1c39c/uploads/2016/09/2018052293.pdf |archive-url= |access-date=8 June 2025 |website=cdn.s3waas.gov.in |page=50}}</ref>

== References ==
<references />{{PunjabIN-geo-stub}}

[[Category:Villages in Faridkot district]]

Sayla taluka

2025-10-06T05:49:52Z

WilfredBirmingha: New A Entry With Sources

{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Sayla Taluka
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Sub-District
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Gujarat#India
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Gujarat, India
| coordinates = {{coord|22|33|N|71|29|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Gujarat]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_type3 = Headquarters
| subdivision_name2 = [[Surendranagar district|Surendranagar]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[Sayla city]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body = [[Surendranagar Dudhrej]]
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total =
| population_as_of = 2010
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 =
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics_type2 =
| demographics1_info1 = [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]], [[Hindi language|Hindi]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 363430
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| area_code = 91 2752
| registration_plate = [[List of RTO districts in India#GJ.E2.80.94Gujarat|GJ]]-13
| blank1_name_sec1 = Nearest city
| blank1_info_sec1 = Wadhwan City
| blank2_name_sec1 = [[Human sex ratio|Sex ratio]]
| blank2_info_sec1 = 932:1000 [[female|♀]]/[[male|♂]]
| blank3_name_sec1 = Literacy
| blank3_info_sec1 = 73.12%%
| blank4_name_sec1 = [[Lok Sabha]] constituency
| blank4_info_sec1 = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| blank5_name_sec1 = [[Vidhan Sabha]] constituency
| blank5_info_sec1 =
| blank6_name_sec1 = Civic agency
| blank6_info_sec1 = [[Surendranagar Dudhrej]]
| blank1_name_sec2 = [[Climate of India|Climate]]
| blank1_info_sec2 =
| website = {{URL|gujaratindia.com}}
| footnotes =
}}

'''Sayla''' is a [[Subdistrict|sub-district]] of [[Surendranagar district]], [[Gujarat]], [[India]].

== Villages in Sayla ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Village code
!Village name
!Short name
|-
|512418
|Chitralank
|CL
|-
|512419
|Ishvariya
|IS
|-
|512420
|Chorvira (Than)
|CT
|-
|512421
|Sitagadh
|SG
|-
|512422
|Kansala
|KN
|-
|512423
|Kanpur
|KP
|-
|512424
|Bhaduka
|BH
|-
|512425
|Kashipara
|KS
|-
|512426
|[[Sayla city|Sayla]]
|SL
|-
|512427
|Nava Sudamda
|NS
|-
|512428
|Vakhatpar
|VP
|-
|512429
|Doliya
|DL
|-
|512430
|Aya
|AY
|-
|512431
|Sorimbhda
|SB
|-
|512432
|Hadala
|HD
|-
|512433
|Dharadungri
|DD
|-
|512434
|Brahmapuri (Vanki)
|BR
|-
|512435
|Shapar
|SR
|-
|512436
|Dhedhuki
|DK
|-
|512437
|Samatpar
|SM
|-
|512438
|Kesarpar
|KR
|-
|512439
|Gosal
|GL
|-
|512440
|Madargadh
|MG
|-
|512441
|[[Juna Jashapar]]
|JJ
|-
|512442
|Nava Jashapar
|NJ
|-
|512443
|Thoriyali
|TH
|-
|512444
|Mota Kerala
|MK
|-
|512445
|Vadiya
|VD
|-
|512446
|Nathupara
|NP
|-
|512447
|[[Sudamda-Dhandalpur|Sudamda]]
|SD
|-
|512448
|chhadiyali
|CH
|-
|512449
|Sejakpar
|SJ
|-
|512450
|Mota Sakhpar
|MS
|-
|512451
|Dhankaniya
|DN
|-
|512452
|Mangalkui
|MN
|-
|512453
|Sonpari
|SN
|-
|512454
|Ratanpar
|RP
|-
|512455
|Morsal
|ML
|-
|512456
|Ratadki
|RT
|-
|512457
|Titoda
|TT
|-
|512458
|Dhamrasala
|DS
|-
|512459
|Ovangadh
|OG
|-
|512460
|Vanta Vachh
|VV
|-
|512461
|Shirvaniya
|SV
|-
|512462
|Gadhshirvaniya
|GS
|-
|512463
|Sangoi
|SI
|-
|512464
|Nagadka
|NG
|-
|512465
|Loya
|LY
|-
|512466
|Chorvira (D)
|CD
|-
|512467
|Mota Bhadla
|MB
|-
|512468
|Noli
|NL
|-
|512469
|Lakhavad
|LK
|-
|512470
|Khintla
|KH
|-
|512471
|Gundiyavada
|GD
|-
|512472
|Dhandhalpur
|DP
|-
|512473
|Sokhada
|SK
|-
|512474
|Adala
|AD
|-
|512475
|Navagam
|NV
|-
|512476
|Karadi
|KD
|-
|512477
|Dhajala
|DJ
|-
|512478
|Limbala
|LM
|-
|512479
|Nadala (Devgadh)
|ND
|-
|512480
|Garambhadi
|GB
|-
|512481
|Dhinkwali
|DW
|-
|512482
|Kotda
|KT
|-
|512483
|Pipaliya
|PP
|-
|512484
|Nana Haraniya
|NH
|-
|512485
|Ori
|OR
|-
|512486
|Shekhdod
|SH
|-
|512487
|Ninama
|NN
|-
|512488
|Nana Matra
|NM
|-
|512489
|Kaswali
|KW
|-
|512490
|Gangajal
|GN
|-

|}
 

== See also ==
* [[Sayla city]]
* [[Juna Jashapar]]
* [[Chotila]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}
* http://www.census2011.co.in/data/village/512426-sayla-gujarat.html

[[Category:Villages in Surendranagar district]]
[[Category:Surendranagar]]
[[Category:Talukas of Surendranagar]]

Pawan Kumar Goenka

2025-09-14T16:31:38Z

WilfredBirmingha: new a biography

{{short description|Indian businessman}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2020}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2020}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Pawan Kumar Goenka
| image = Dr. Pawan Kumar Goenka.jpg
| birth_place = [[Harpalpur|Harpalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India]]
| occupation = {{Unbulleted list| Managing director, [[Mahindra & Mahindra]]
| [[Chairman]], [[SsangYong Motor|SsangYong Motor Company]]
}}
| spouse = Mamta Goenka
| alma_mater = [[IIT Kanpur]] ([[BTech]]) [[Cornell University]] ([[PhD]])
}}

'''Pawan Kumar Goenka''' is an Indian businessman, and the retired Managing Director<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/company/corporate-trends/mahindra-and-mahindra-elevates-pawan-goenka-as-md-mahindra-redesignated/articleshow/55374204.cms|title=Mahindra and Mahindra elevates Pawan Goenka as MD; Mahindra redesignated - The Economic Times|newspaper=The Economic Times|access-date=2016-11-21}}</ref> of [[Mahindra & Mahindra]], an Indian multinational automobile manufacturing corporation headquartered in [[Mumbai]], and the chairman of [[SsangYong Motor Company]] in Korea. He is currently the Chairman of INSPACE, a part of India's Space Program.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2014-01-09/news/46030290_1_pawan-goenka-bharat-doshi-general-motors |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140110224735/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2014-01-09/news/46030290_1_pawan-goenka-bharat-doshi-general-motors |url-status=dead |archive-date=10 January 2014 |title=Pawan Goenka is Anand Mahindra's go-to man in Mahindra & Mahindra |publisher=Economic Times |date=27 November 2012 |accessdate=2014-05-13}}</ref> He is also the present Chairman of the Board of Governors of [[IIT Madras]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.iitm.ac.in/the-institute/administration/governing-board |title=Governing Board of IIT Madras |publisher=IIT Madras |date=3 November 2022 |accessdate=2023-11-02}}</ref>

In January 2025, Goenka was honored with the [[Padma Shri]], India's fourth-highest civilian award, by the [[Government of India]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Padma Award Winners 2025 Full List: Padma Vibhushan, Padma Bhushan, Padma Shri |url=https://www.brutimes.com/news/social/padma-awards-2025-arijit-singh-ajith-kumar-shekhar-kapur-and-late-pankaj-udhas-honored-for-excellence |website=Bru Times News |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Padma Awards 2025 announced |url=https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2096285 |website=pib.gov.in}}</ref>

==Early life and education==
Goenka did his schooling in [[Shree Jain Vidyalaya|Shree jain Vidyalaya]], [[Kolkata]], and then earned his BTech in mechanical engineering from [[IIT Kanpur]] and PhD from [[Cornell University]]. He attended a six-week Advanced Management Program at [[Harvard Business School]]. He worked at [[General Motors]] R&D Centre in Detroit, U.S., from 1979 to 1993. Thereafter he joined Mahindra & Mahindra Ltd., as general manager (R&D).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://forbesindia.com/article/boardroom/how-mahindra-mahindra-came-to-dominate-the-indian-automotive-industry/39141/0 |title=How Mahindra & Mahindra came to dominate the Indian automotive industry |work=Forbes India |date=23 April 2014 |accessdate=2014-05-13}}</ref>

==Career==
Goenka joined Mahindra in October 1993 as the general manager, R&D. He was appointed as the [[chief operating officer]] for the automotive sector in April 2003. In September 2005, he became the president of the automotive sector and by April 2010 he was the president of the automotive and farm equipment sectors. "He was appointed to the post of Executive Director of [[Mahindra & Mahindra]] in 2013 and in April 2014, he took over the additional responsibility of the two wheeler business. In Nov 2016 Dr Pawan Kumar Goenka was elevated to the post of Managing Director of M&M."<ref name = leadership>{{cite web |url=http://www.mahindra.com/Who-We-Are/Our-Leadership/Group-Executive-Board/Pawan-Goenka |title=Mahindra Rise - Who We Are: Leadership |publisher=Mahindra.com |date=2014 |accessdate=2015-04-10 |archive-date=21 January 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150121125311/http://www.mahindra.com/Who-We-Are/Our-Leadership/Group-Executive-Board/Pawan-Goenka |url-status=dead }}</ref>

Goenka is the past president of SIAM, Society of Automotive Engineers India, and [[Automotive Research Association of India|ARAI]] Governing Council, and was a board member of National Skills Development Corporation (NSDC) from August 2013 to August 2014. He is also a national council member of [[Confederation of Indian Industry|CII]], and chairman of board of governors of [[Indian Institute of Technology Madras|IIT Madras]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thehindu.com/business/Industry/every-industry-has-to-innovate-disruptions-pawan-goenka/article6158306.ece |title=Every industry has to innovate disruptions: Pawan Goenka |work=The Hindu |date=23 April 2014 |accessdate=2014-05-13}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.gaadi.com/blog/mahindras-pawan-goenka-appointed-as-chairman-of-board-at-iit-madras |title=Mahindra's Pawan Goenka appointed as Chairman of Board at IIT Madras |publisher=Gaadi.com |date=23 April 2014 |accessdate=2014-05-13 |archive-date=14 June 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140614010205/http://www.gaadi.com/blog/mahindras-pawan-goenka-appointed-as-chairman-of-board-at-iit-madras |url-status=dead }}</ref> In September 2021, Goenka was selected by the [[Appointments Committee of the Cabinet|ACC]] as the chairperson of [[INSPACe]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Mishra|first=Sanjeev|date=September 12, 2021|title=Ex-M&M MD Pawan Goenka named chairperson of space regulator IN-SPACe|url=https://www.businesstoday.in/latest/corporate/story/ex-mm-md-pawan-goenka-named-chairperson-of-space-regulator-in-space-306488-2021-09-12|website=Business Today}}</ref>

==Awards and honors==
* 2025: [[Padma Shri]]<ref name="Mamata Shankar, Pt Tejendra Narayan among 9 Padma awardees from Bengal">{{cite news |title=Mamata Shankar, Pt Tejendra Narayan among 9 Padma awardees from Bengal |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/mamata-shankar-pt-tejendra-narayan-among-9-padma-awardees-from-bengal/articleshow/117559588.cms |access-date=26 January 2025 |publisher=The Times of India |date=25 January 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250126060556/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/mamata-shankar-pt-tejendra-narayan-among-9-padma-awardees-from-bengal/articleshow/117559588.cms |archive-date=26 January 2025}}</ref>
* 2022 [[Asian Scientist 100]], ''[[Asian Scientist]]''<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.asianscientist.com/as100/ |title=The Asian Scientist 100 |author=  |date= |website= |publisher= [[Asian Scientist]] |access-date= 13 March 2025 |quote= |language= }}</ref>
* Engineering Excellence Award 2012 from SAE India Foundation <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/research/stocks/people/person.asp?personId=24550184&ticker=MAHMF |title=mahindra & mahindra-spon gdr |publisher=Bloomberg Business |date=23 April 2014 |accessdate=2014-05-13}}</ref>
* CV Man of the Year 2012 by Apollo CV Awards <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mahindra.com/News/Press-Releases/1336042515 |title=Dr Pawan Goenka receives CV Man of the Year award |publisher=Mahindra Rise |date=23 April 2014 |accessdate=2014-05-13 |archive-date=2 April 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402181642/http://www.mahindra.com/News/Press-Releases/1336042515 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* Man of the Year 2007 and 2011 by Autocar Professional <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.indiasgreatest.com/pawan_goenka.html |title=Auto-Motive to Success |publisher=India's Greatest |date=23 April 2014 |accessdate=2014-05-13 |archive-date=29 March 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150329010525/http://www.indiasgreatest.com/pawan_goenka.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.autocarpro.in/features/2011-pawan-goenka-3446 |title=Man of the Year 2011: Pawan Goenka |publisher=Autocar Professional |date=23 April 2014 |accessdate=2014-05-13}}</ref>
* Fellow of SAE International in 2004 <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.sae.org/news/releases/fellow-goenka.htm |title=Dr. Pawan K. Goenka Named SAE Fellow |publisher=SAE International |date=23 April 2014 |accessdate=2014-05-13 |archive-date=30 March 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150330093110/http://www.sae.org/news/releases/fellow-goenka.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* Fellow of INAE (Indian National Academy of Engineers) in 2004
* Distinguished Alumni Award from I.I.T. Kanpur in 2004 <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.iitk.ac.in/dora/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=256:pawan-kumar-goenka&catid=249&Itemid=336 |title=Pawan Kumar Goenka |publisher=IIT Kanpur |date=23 April 2014 |accessdate=2014-05-13}}</ref>
* Outstanding International Advisor Award by SAE in 1997<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sae.org/events/cve/indiapanel.htm |title=Spotlight on India Panel: Providing Engineering Solutions for the Commercial Vehicle Industry |publisher=SAE INternational |date=23 April 2014 |accessdate=2014-05-13}}</ref>
* Charles L. McCuen Achievement Award for the years 1985 & 1991
* Extraordinary Accomplishment Award from General Motors in 1986

==Personal life==
Goenka is married to Mamta Goenka who "volunteers her time to counsel cancer patients and help them receive proper treatment and post-operative care".<ref name=leadership/>

==References==
{{Reflist|2}}

==External links==
* [http://www.mahindra.com/ Mahindra & Mahindra ]
{{Padma Shri Award Recipients in Trade & Industry|state=collapsed}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Goenka, Pawan Kumar}}
[[Category:1954 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Cornell University alumni]]
[[Category:Indian chief operating officers]]
[[Category:IIT Kanpur alumni]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Shri in trade and industry]]

Ravan

2025-09-10T15:22:46Z

WilfredBirmingha: Put up a data basic info

{{wikt|Ravana}}
'''Ravan''', '''Raavan''' or '''Ravanan''', may refer to:
{{TOC right}}

==Religion==
* [[Ravana]], Ravan or Ravanan, the prime antagonist in the ancient Hindu epic ''Ramayana''

==Film and TV==
* [[Raavan (1984 film)|''Raavan'' (1984 film)]], an Indian Hindi-language film
* [[Ravanan (1994 film)|''Ravanan'' (1994 film)]], a 1994 Indian Tamil-language film starring Mansoor Ali Khan
* [[Ravanan (2006 film)|''Ravanan'' (2006 film)]], a 2006 Indian Malayalam-language film starring Kalabhavan Mani
* ''[[Ra.One]]'' or ''Raavan'', a 2011 Indian Hindi-language science fiction film
** Ra.One, the main antagonist of the film played by [[Arjun Rampal]], modelled after the character in the ''Ramayana''
* [[Raavan (2022 film)|''Raavan'' (2022 film)]], Indian Bengali-language action thriller film
* Two Indian films simultaneously directed and produced by Mani Ratnam:
** [[Raavan (2010 film)|''Raavan'' (2010 film)]], the Hindi-language version starring Abhishek Bachchan and Aishwarya Rai
*** [[Raavan (soundtrack)|''Raavan'' (soundtrack)]], by A. R. Rahman
** [[Raavanan (2010 film)|''Raavanan'' (2010 film)]], the Tamil-language version starring Vikram and Aishwarya Rai
*** [[Raavanan (soundtrack)|''Raavanan'' (soundtrack)]], by A. R. Rahman
* [[Raavan (TV series)|''Raavan'' (TV series)]], a 2006-2008 Indian mythological drama television series

==Places==
* [[Ravan, Busovača]], a village in Bosnia and Herzegovina
* [[Ravan, Brod-Posavina County]], a village near [[Sibinj]], Croatia
* {{ill|Ravan (island)|hr|Ravan (otok)}}, an islet near Žirje, Croatia
* [[Ravan, Hamadan]], a village in Iran
* [[Ravan, Kermanshah]], a village in Iran
* [[Ravan (river)]], in Russia

==Other uses==
* [[Ravan (comics)]], a DC Comics character
* ''[[Raavan: Enemy of Aryavarta]]'', a novel by Amish Tripathi
* [[Eliezer ben Nathan]], or Ra'avan, 10th century halakist and liturgical poet
* [[Ravan Press]], a South African anti-apartheid publishing house
* [[OFK Ravan]], a Bosnian football club
* [[Ravana (gastropod)|''Ravana'' (gastropod)]], a genus of gastropods in the family Ariophantidae

==See also==
{{srt}}
* [[Ravenna (disambiguation)]]
* [[Rawan (disambiguation)]]
* [[Raban (disambiguation)]]
* ''[[Ravanasura (film)|Ravan Asura]]'', a 2023 Indian film
* ''[[Aaj Ka Ravan]]'' ({{lit|Today's Ravana}}), a 2000 Indian film

{{Disambig|geo}}

Paramount Airways

2025-09-03T06:20:47Z

WilfredBirmingha: update intro additionally and corrected details

{{for|the defunct 1980s British airline|Paramount Airways Limited}}{{Short description|Defunct airline}}
{{Hatnote|Not to be confused with the [[Sierra Leone]] helicopter airline [[Paramount Airlines]] that ceased operations in 2007, or the U.S. [[supplemental air carrier]] [[Paramount Airlines (1961–1962)]] that operated in the 1960s}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2023}}
{{Infobox Airline
|airline=Paramount Airways
|logo=ParamountAirwaysLogo.png
|logo_size=150
|IATA=I7
|ICAO=PMW
|callsign=PARAWAY
|parent=Paramount Group
|founded = October 2005
|ceased = August 2010
|key_people= M. Thiagarajan, [[Managing Director|MD]]
|headquarters=[[Chennai]]
|hubs=
<div>
*[[Chennai International Airport]]
</div>
| secondary_hubs =
|focus_cities=
|frequent_flyer= Paramount Royale
|lounge=
|alliance=
|fleet_size=0
|destinations=0
|website= {{URL|http://www.paramountairways.com}}
}}

'''Paramount Airways''' was an [[airline]] based in [[Chennai]], [[India]]. It operated scheduled services, mainly targeting business travellers until it ceased operations in 2010. Its hub was [[Chennai International Airport]]<ref name="FI">{{cite news | title= Directory: World Airlines | work= [[Flight International]] | page= 61 | date= 2007-04-10}}</ref> and was the first airline in India to launch the New Generation [[Embraer E-Jets|Embraer 170/190 Family]] series aircraft.<ref>[http://www.paramountairways.com/aboutus.html First Indian Airline to operate Embraer aircraft]</ref> The airline started operations in October 2005 with the company headquartered in [[Madurai]]. It operated to regional destinations in south and eastern India until early 2010.

== Decline==
The airline ceased operations when legal issues arose between Paramount Airways and the lessors of their Embraer aircraft. These events caused a gradual termination of all services as the fleet was grounded and seized by the leasing companies.<ref>[http://www.livemint.com/2010/04/07232335/The-Paramount-Airways-journey.html The Paramount Airways journey in India - Corporate News - livemint.com]</ref>

In November 2010, it was announced that Paramount Airways had won their legal battle and were set to resume services with a fleet of [[Airbus]] and [[Bombardier Aerospace|Bombardier]] aircraft. Normalisation of the route network was scheduled for December 2010, but did not materialise.<ref name="relaunch">[http://www.deccanherald.com/content/111696/paramount-airways-take-skies-again.html Paramount Airways to take to the skies again]</ref> A British court awarded the airline Rs 1,650 crore as compensation in a lawsuit with [[GECAS]] in November 2012.<ref>{{cite news|title= Paramount Airways might be revived with lawsuit money|url=http://www.business-standard.com/india/news/paramount-airways-might-be-revivedlawsuit-money/496569/ |publisher=[[Business Standard]] |date= 24 December 2012 | access-date= 2 February 2013}}</ref> Paramount renewed its operating licence from the [[Directorate General of Civil Aviation (India)|DGCA]] in the same month and planned to start afresh, initially concentrating on its earlier stronghold of the southern Indian states and also Mysore, Tuticorin and Puducherry.<ref name = "HINDU"/> However, its lenders including [[Bank of India]], [[State Bank of India]], [[Central Bank of India]], [[Andhra Bank]], [[Indian Bank]] and [[IDBI Bank]] to whom Paramount owed around Rs. 550 Crore, wrote to the DGCA in February 2013, asking the regulator to prevent the airline from restarting operations before it settled its dues.<ref name ="CBI">{{cite news|title= CBI registers case against Paramount Airways|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/cbi-registers-case-against-paramount-airways/article8560576.ece|work=[[The Hindu]] |date= 6 May 2016| access-date= 6 May 2016}}</ref>

The airline planned to restart operations by May 2013 with six ATR-72-600 aircraft,<ref name = "HINDU">{{cite news|title= Paramount Airways plans to restart by May |url=http://www.thehindu.com/business/companies/paramount-airways-plans-to-restart-by-may/article4365837.ece |work=[[The Hindu]] |date= 1 February 2013 | access-date= 1 February 2013}}</ref> however, six banks that had extended loans to the airline wrote to the [[Directorate General of Civil Aviation (India)|Directorate General of Civil Aviation]] asking the regulator to prevent the airline from restarting operations before it settled its dues.<ref name ="NIE">{{cite news|title= Paramount Airways yet to take off|url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/business/news/Paramount-Airways-yet-to-take-off/2013/05/23/article1601715.ece|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140814175546/http://www.newindianexpress.com/business/news/Paramount-Airways-yet-to-take-off/2013/05/23/article1601715.ece|url-status=dead|archive-date=14 August 2014|publisher=[[The New Indian Express]] |date= 24 May 2013 | access-date= 9 August 2014}}</ref>

On 6 May 2016, The CBI has registered a case against promoters of Paramount Airways on allegations of defrauding, diverting loan amount, and cheating public sector banks. Searches were being carried out at seven locations at Chennai and Madurai, including residential and office premises of its promoter Thyagrajan and the company functionaries.<ref name ="cbiraide">{{cite news|title= CBI registers case against Paramount Airways|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/cbi-registers-case-against-paramount-airways/article8560576.ece|work=[[The Hindu]] |date= 6 May 2016 | access-date= 6 May 2016}}</ref>

==Destinations==
Paramount Airways mainly provided services to cities in South India. In 2009. it extended services into eastern India, serving the cities of [[Kolkata]], [[Guwahati]], and [[Agartala]].{{fact|date=January 2023}}

==Fleet==
[[File:Paramountairways.jpg|thumb|250px|[[Embraer E-Jets|Embraer E170]] leased to Paramount Airways, at [[Chennai Airport]]]]
The Paramount Airways fleet consisted of [[Embraer E-Jets|Embraer E170s]], and was the first airline in India to operate this aircraft.
On 20 June 2009, Paramount Airways signed a [[MoU]] to buy ten [[Airbus A321-200]] aircraft with an option for an additional ten. The agreement was concluded at the 48th [[Paris Air Show]] and was to be funded by the [[European Central Bank]]. It also ordered six [[Bombardier Dash 8#Q400|Bombardier Dash 8 Q400]]s.<ref>[http://www.airbus.com/events/bourget2009/news/news-single/browse/1/back/10/article/paramount-airways-commits-to-10-airbus-a321-aircraft.html Paramount Airways commits to 10 Airbus A321 aircraft]</ref> However, the deals did not materialise.

==Awards and recognition==
*Paramount Airways won the "Arch of Europe" Award in the year 2007 in Frankfurt.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://citypatriots.com/asia/india/tamil-nadu/chennai|title=Paramount Airways|access-date=2015-07-20|archive-date=2015-07-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150722213705/http://citypatriots.com/asia/india/tamil-nadu/chennai|url-status=usurped}}</ref>
*Paramount Airways was awarded the "Award of Excellence" conferred by the Institute of Economic Studies<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.privateequityfund.kotak.com/portfolio/paramount-quality-award.html|title=Paramount Airways receives International Quality Award|access-date=2009-05-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110713165332/http://www.privateequityfund.kotak.com/portfolio/paramount-quality-award.html|archive-date=2011-07-13|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://www.paramountairways.com/ Official website]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20080417052028/http://www.ch-aviation.ch/aircraft.php?search=set&airline=PMO&al_op=1 Paramount Airways fleet]
*[http://www.airliners.net/photo/1656406/L/ Paramount Embraer 175 at Bangalore]

{{Portalbar|India|Companies|Aviation}}
{{Airlines of India}}

[[Category:Defunct airlines of India]]
[[Category:Airlines established in 2005]]
[[Category:Airlines disestablished in 2010]]
[[Category:Indian companies disestablished in 2010]]
[[Category:Indian companies established in 2005]]
[[Category:Companies based in Chennai]]
[[Category:2005 establishments in Tamil Nadu]]

Abe Waddington

2025-09-03T03:26:38Z

WilfredBirmingha: small changes

{{Short description|English cricketer}}
{{featured article}}
{{Use British English|date=February 2013}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2018}}
{{Infobox cricketer
| name = Abe Waddington
| fullname = Abraham Waddington
| image = Abe Waddington card c1920.jpg
| alt = A headshot of a cricketer in a cap
| caption = Abe Waddington c. 1920
| country = England
| birth_date = {{birth date|1893|2|4|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Clayton, West Yorkshire|Clayton]], Bradford, Yorkshire, England
| death_date = {{death date and age|1959|10|28|1893|2|4|df=y}}
| death_place = [[Scarborough, North Yorkshire|Scarborough]], Yorkshire, England
| batting = Right-handed
| bowling = Left-arm fast-medium
| role = [[Bowler (cricket)|Bowler]]
| international = true
| internationalspan = 1920–1921
| testdebutdate = 17 December
| testdebutyear = 1920
| testdebutagainst = Australia
| testcap = 184
| lasttestdate = 11 February
| lasttestyear = 1921
| lasttestagainst = Australia
| club1 = [[Yorkshire County Cricket Club|Yorkshire]]
| year1 = 1919–1927
| columns = 2
| column1 = [[Test cricket|Test]]
| matches1 = 2
| runs1 = 16
| bat avg1 = 4.00
| 100s/50s1 = 0/0
| top score1 = 7
| deliveries1 = 276
| wickets1 = 1
| bowl avg1 = 119.00
| fivefor1 = 0
| tenfor1 = 0
| best bowling1 = 1/35
| catches/stumpings1= 1/–
| column2 = [[First-class cricket|First-class]]
| matches2 = 266
| runs2 = 2,527
| bat avg2 = 12.89
| 100s/50s2 = 1/4
| top score2 = 114
| deliveries2 = 39,842
| wickets2 = 852
| bowl avg2 = 19.75
| fivefor2 = 51
| tenfor2 = 10
| best bowling2 = 8/34
| catches/stumpings2= 232/–
| source = http://www.espncricinfo.com/england/content/player/22251.html ESPNCricinfo
| date = 12 September
| year = 2010
}}

'''Abraham''' "'''Abe'''" '''Waddington''', sometimes known as '''Abram Waddington''' (4 February 1893 – 28 October 1959), was a professional [[cricket]]er for [[Yorkshire County Cricket Club|Yorkshire]], who played in two [[Test cricket|Test matches]] for [[England cricket team|England]], both against [[Australian cricket team|Australia]] in 1920–21. Between 1919 and 1927 Waddington made 255 appearances for Yorkshire, and in all [[first-class cricket]] played 266 matches. In these games, he took a total of 852 [[Wicket#Dismissing a batsman|wickets]] with his left arm [[Fast bowling|fast-medium]] bowling. Capable of making the ball [[Swing bowling|swing]], Waddington was admired for the aesthetic quality of his [[bowling action]]. He was a hostile bowler who sometimes [[Sledging (cricket)|sledged]] opposing batsmen and questioned umpires' decisions, behaviour which was unusual during his playing days.

Waddington first played for Yorkshire after the First World War, when the team had been weakened by injuries and retirements. He made an immediate impression in 1919, his first season; he took 100 wickets and was largely responsible for Yorkshire's victory in the [[County Championship]] that year. After a similarly successful season in 1920, he was selected for the 1920–21 [[Marylebone Cricket Club]] (MCC) tour of Australia, during which he appeared in two of the five Tests. However, the England team were outclassed; used in an unfamiliar tactical role, Waddington took just one wicket and never played for England again. He continued to be effective for Yorkshire, particularly against the weaker counties, but was often inconsistent. His reputation as an uncompromising opponent was cemented when he was found guilty of dissent and inciting the crowd in a game against [[Middlesex County Cricket Club|Middlesex]]. A succession of injuries reduced his effectiveness and he retired from first-class cricket in 1927. He continued to play league cricket and worked for the family business, a fat-refining firm, but maintained his connection with Yorkshire cricket.

In the early 1920s, Waddington played several football matches for [[Halifax Town A.F.C.|Halifax Town]] as a goalkeeper, and after his retirement from cricket enjoyed some success as an amateur golfer. He was in trouble with the police on more than one occasion and after the Second World War was charged with defrauding his wartime employers, the [[Minister of Food (United Kingdom)|Ministry of Food]]; he was found not guilty. He died in 1959 at the age of 66.

==Early life==
Abraham Waddington{{refn|Waddington's first name is variously given as Abraham or Abram. ''Wisden'' and CricketArchive give Abraham.<ref name=cricinfo/>|group=notes}} was born in [[Clayton, West Yorkshire|Clayton]], [[Bradford]], on 4 February 1893, the eldest of three brothers.<ref name=H72/> His family owned a fat-refining business managed by his father, Sam.<ref name=H72/><ref name=family/> When he left school, Waddington joined the family firm as a lorry driver, occasionally working in the refinery. He began playing cricket for Crossley Hall in the West Bradford League at the age of 11; as a teenager he played in the [[Bradford League]] for Lidget Green and then Laisterdyke, gaining a local reputation as a [[Fast bowling|fast-medium bowler]]. He helped Laisterdyke win the League championship in 1913,<ref name=H72>Howe, p. 72.</ref> before moving to Wakefield for the 1914 season, where he took 98 wickets at an average of 12.00.<ref name=W303>Woodhouse, p. 303.</ref> He played for Yorkshire Second XI in August 1914, alongside future First XI teammates [[Herbert Sutcliffe]] and [[Cec Tyson]], but the outbreak of the First World War prevented him making any further appearances for the county.<ref name=H72/><ref name=figures>{{Cite web| url = https://cricketarchive.com/cgi-bin/player_oracle_reveals_results2.cgi?playernumber=383&opponentmatch=exact&playername=&resulttype=All&matchtype=All&teammatch=exact&startwicket=&homeawaytype=All&opponent=&endwicket=&wicketkeeper=&searchtype=InningsList&endscore=&playermatch=contains&branding=cricketarchive&captain=&endseason=&startscore=&team=&startseason=| title = Player Oracle (A Waddington)| publisher = CricketArchive| access-date = 27 August 2010}}</ref>

When war was declared, Waddington volunteered for [[Kitchener's Army|Lord Kitchener's New Army]], joining the Bradford [[Pals battalion]] of the [[West Yorkshire Regiment]].<ref name=W303/><ref name=H73/> On 1 July 1916, during the [[First day on the Somme|first day]] of the [[Battle of the Somme]], Waddington was wounded by shrapnel at [[Serre-lès-Puisieux|Serre]], and took shelter in a crater in [[No man's land#World War I|no man's land]] with other wounded soldiers.<ref name=W303/><ref name=H73/> One of these was the [[Yorkshire County Cricket Club|Yorkshire]] cricketer [[Major Booth]], who was mortally wounded. Waddington comforted Booth while the cricketer died in his arms, an experience which haunted Waddington for the rest of his life.<ref name=H73>Howe, p. 73.</ref> After recovering, Waddington transferred to the [[Royal Flying Corps]].<ref name=W303/><ref name="MIC">{{Cite web |url=http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/documentsonline/details-result.asp?Edoc_Id=5893917 |title=Medal card of Waddington, Abraham |website=DocumentsOnline |publisher=[[The National Archives (United Kingdom)|The National Archives]] |format=fee usually required to download pdf image of original medal card |archive-url=https://archive.today/20121223194043/http://discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk/SearchUI/Details?uri=D5690482 |archive-date=23 December 2012 |url-status=dead |access-date=13 September 2010 |df=dmy-all }}</ref>

==First-class cricketer==

===County debut===
Yorkshire's bowling attack was severely depleted when cricket resumed in 1919 owing to a combination of retirements and deaths in the war. Additionally, [[George Hirst]] was past his best, meaning that Yorkshire needed to recruit new [[fast bowlers]].<ref name=H73/><ref>{{cite book|last = Rogerson|first = Sidney|title = Wilfred Rhodes|publisher = Hollis and Carter|year = 1960|location= London|pages= 120–21}}</ref> In May and June, the team struggled to dismiss opposing sides on hard pitches; their results were poor and when two important matches were lost in June, ''[[Wisden Cricketers' Almanack]]'' suggested that "things looked very black".<ref name=Wis20>{{Cite book| editor-last = Pardon | editor-first = Sydney H| title = Wisden Cricketers' Almanack| year = 1920| publisher = John Wisden & Co | volume = Part II |chapter = Yorkshire| location = London| pages = 32–34}}</ref>

At this point in the season the Yorkshire cricketers [[Roy Kilner]] and [[Arthur Dolphin]], who like Waddington had also been wounded at the Somme, recommended him to the Yorkshire committee, probably after seeing him take part in cricket matches in the army.<ref name=H73/> Having returned to play for Laisterdyke in the Bradford League,<ref name=W303/> Waddington was called into the Yorkshire side at the beginning of July for the [[County Championship]] match against [[Derbyshire County Cricket Club|Derbyshire]]. On his first-class debut, he took four for 26 (four wickets for 26 runs) in 26 overs, and after missing the next match, he followed up with nine wickets against [[Essex County Cricket Club|Essex]] in his second game, taking his first [[five-wicket haul]] in the second innings of that match.<ref name=W303/><ref name=figures/> From Waddington's debut, Yorkshire's results improved and the team won the Championship. ''Wisden'' judged that Waddington's contribution was crucial: "Without him Yorkshire would certainly not have won the Championship".<ref name=Wis20/> He and [[Wilfred Rhodes]] formed an effective bowling partnership and, according to ''Wisden'', "Rhodes and Waddington, with [[Rockley Wilson|E. R. Wilson]], for a few weeks, and [[Emmott Robinson|[Emmott] Robinson]] to help them, carried the eleven from success to success".<ref name=Wis20/> It described Waddington as bowling "left-hand, medium pace inclining to fast", with a "delivery that seems part of himself—free from any suggestion of labour or undue effort"; it noted that he always bowled a [[Good length ball|good length]] and made the ball bounce sharply after pitching. The writer judged Waddington's first season had been one of "exceptional promise" and predicted that Waddington would go on to "great things".<ref name=Wis20/> In the official history of Yorkshire County Cricket Club, Derek Hodgson suggests that Waddington's versatility brought him success, as did the line which he bowled to the batsmen.<ref name=Hodgson>Hodgson, p. 106.</ref> He finished with 100 wickets at an [[Bowling average|average]] of 18.74, with eight five-wicket returns.<ref name=fcbowling>{{Cite web| url = https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Players/0/383/f_Bowling_by_Season.html | title = First-class Bowling in Each Season by Abe Waddington| publisher = CricketArchive| access-date = 29 August 2010}}</ref> Waddington was only the sixth bowler in first-class cricket history to reach 100 wickets in his debut year.<ref>{{Cite book| editor-last= Frindall|editor-first= Bill |title = The Wisden Book of Cricket Records | publisher = MacDonald Queen Anne Press| location = London | year = 1986 | pages = 290–91 | isbn = 0-356-10736-1}}</ref>

Yorkshire fell to fourth in the Championship in 1920;<ref name=ccposn/> most of the bowling responsibility fell once more on Waddington and Rhodes, and the other bowlers provided little support.<ref name=Wis21>{{Cite book| editor-last = Pardon | editor-first = Sydney H| title = Wisden Cricketers' Almanack| year = 1921| publisher = John Wisden & Co | volume = Part II |chapter = Yorkshire| location = London| page = 95}}</ref> Despite a good start to the season, the team faded in the latter part of the year.<ref>Hodgson, p. 107.</ref> ''Wisden'' suggested that "in the circumstances [Rhodes and Waddington] did wonders, Waddington having some irresistible days against the weaker counties."<ref name=Wis21/> He took 141 wickets in the season at an average of 16.79.<ref name=fcbowling/> His best figures came in the two matches against [[Northamptonshire County Cricket Club|Northamptonshire]]: in the first game he took 11 wickets, and in the second took 13 wickets for 48 runs, including seven for 18 in the first innings, and a [[Hat-trick (cricket)|hat-trick]].{{refn|The hat-trick came in a spell of four wickets in five deliveries.<ref name=obit/>|group=notes}}<ref name=figures/><ref name=obit/> Waddington's season concluded with his selection for the professional "Players" teams in the prestigious [[Gentlemen v Players]] match at the [[Scarborough Festival]]. He was one of four players from Yorkshire chosen to [[English cricket team in Australia in 1920–21|tour Australia that winter]] with the MCC.{{refn|At the time, the MCC organised and administered English cricket. Official English touring teams always played under the name of MCC and were only styled "England" during Test matches.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.lords.org/history/mcc-history/| title = MCC History| publisher = Marylebone Cricket Club| access-date = 16 January 2014| archive-date = 4 September 2013| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130904174735/http://www.lords.org/history/mcc-history/| url-status = dead}}</ref>|group=notes}}<ref>Woodhouse, p. 310.</ref> Hodgson suggests that he was chosen as "the discovery of the first post-war period".<ref name=Hodgson/>

===Test selection and leading bowler===
[[File:Rhodes and Waddington.tiff|thumb|Waddington (right) and [[Wilfred Rhodes]] on tour in Australia in 1920|alt=Two cricketers on a field]]
The 1920–21 MCC tour to Australia was unsuccessful for the tourists. Captained by [[Johnny Douglas|J. W. H. T. Douglas]], the team was overwhelmed by Australia, losing all five Test matches.<ref name="wisden pp 596–98">{{Cite book| editor-last = Pardon | editor-first = Sydney H| title = Wisden Cricketers' Almanack| year = 1922| publisher = John Wisden & Co | volume = Part II |chapter = M.C.C. Team in Australia| location = London| pages = 596–98}}</ref> ''Wisden'' stated that the "chief cause of failure was the bowling".<ref name="wisden pp 596–98"/> The MCC had been reluctant to tour so soon after the war, and critics had predicted the bowling would be weak in Australian conditions, where the pitches were generally hard and good for batting.<ref name="wisden pp 596–98"/>

At the beginning of November, before the first-class matches began, Waddington was operated on for abscesses,<ref>{{Cite news | title = Illness of Waddington | newspaper = The Times | location = London | page = 6 | date = 11 November 1920}}</ref> and missed the first five games.<ref name=wisden>{{Cite book| editor-last = Pardon | editor-first = Sydney H| title = Wisden Cricketers' Almanack| year = 1922| publisher = John Wisden & Co | volume = Part II |chapter = M.C.C. Team in Australia| location = London| pages = 601–06}}</ref> He played only one first-class match before the first Test, but took wickets in several minor matches.<ref name=figures/> Selected for the first Test, he took the first wicket to fall in the game, that of [[Charlie Macartney]], but failed to take another wicket in the match while conceding 88 runs, hampered by a leg injury in the later stages.<ref>{{Cite web| url = https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Scorecards/9/9993.html| title = Australia v England in 1920/21 (first Test) | publisher = CricketArchive | access-date = 30 August 2010}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news | title = The First Test Match | newspaper = The Times | location = London | page = 5 | date = 22 December 1920}}</ref> He did not play another Test until the fourth, where he bowled five overs for 31 runs.<ref name=figures/> Waddington ended the tour with seven wickets at an average of 46.71; his single Test wicket was at a cost of 119 runs.<ref name=figures/><ref name=fcbowling/> The tour was a frustrating experience for Waddington, who found the heat difficult to deal with; he was also unhappy that most of his appearances came in the non-first-class country matches, many against opponents fielding more than eleven players to make a more even fight. Throughout the tour, the press criticised Douglas for the way he used bowlers. Although Yorkshire used Waddington in short bursts with the objective of taking wickets, Douglas used him to bowl long defensive spells with the prime objective of run-saving, a task to which Waddington was unsuited.<ref name=Hodgson/><ref name=H74>Howe, p. 74.</ref> Considered a failure<ref name=Hodgson/>—''Wisden'' later described his tour as "a sad disappointment"<ref name=wis23>{{Cite book| editor-last = Pardon | editor-first = Sydney H| title = Wisden Cricketers' Almanack| year = 1923| publisher = John Wisden & Co| volume = Part II |chapter = Yorkshire| location = London| pages = 36–37}}</ref>—Waddington did not play for England again and was never seriously considered for a recall.<ref name=H74/> He did have one batting success on the tour, scoring his maiden first-class fifty against an "Australian XI".<ref name=figures/>

In the 1921 season, Waddington took 105 wickets at an average of 18.94.<ref name=fcbowling/> The introduction of the pace bowler [[George Macaulay]] into the team gave him more support,<ref name=H74/> but according to a later edition of ''Wisden'', Waddington's form was poor that year.<ref name=wis23/> The almanack's review of the 1921 season suggested that, when at full strength, Yorkshire had the best bowling attack in the championship,<ref name=Wis22>{{Cite book| editor-last = Pardon | editor-first = Sydney H| title = Wisden Cricketers' Almanack| year = 1922| publisher = John Wisden & Co| volume = Part II |chapter = Yorkshire| location = London| page = 131}}</ref> but the team finished third.<ref name=ccposn>{{Cite book| editor-last = Berry | editor-first = Scyld |title = Wisden Cricketers' Almanack| edition = 2010| publisher = John Wisden & Co| location = London | chapter = LV County Championship: County Championship Final Positions 1890–2010| date = May 2010 | isbn = 978-1-4081-2466-6|page = 575}}</ref> Both Waddington and Yorkshire were more successful the following year:<ref name=wis23/> the county won the first of four successive championships,<ref name=ccposn/> and Waddington took 133 wickets at an average of 16.08.<ref name=fcbowling/> He was often effective in the most important matches. ''Wisden'' suggested that "Yorkshire were very good at every point, but their main strength lay in the excellence and variety of their bowling ... [Waddington] was, on occasions, more successful against strong sides than he had ever been before. He had days of astonishing success and once, at least, bowled with a bewildering swerve [i. e. [[swing bowling]]] that recalled George Hirst at his best."<ref name=wis23/> Among his best performances were figures of eight for 34 against Northamptonshire (the best of his career), seven wickets for six runs in a [[Sussex County Cricket Club|Sussex]] total of 20 and eight for 35 against [[Hampshire County Cricket Club|Hampshire]]. His season ended with festival games at [[Eastbourne]], where he represented the North against the South and played for a team of ex-[[Royal Air Force]] servicemen.<ref name=figures/>

===Injury and controversy===
Waddington was less effective in 1923, and despite a good bowling average, he was inconsistent.<ref name=wis24>{{Cite book| editor-last = Pardon | editor-first = Sydney H| title = Wisden Cricketers' Almanack| year = 1924| publisher = John Wisden & Co| volume = Part II |chapter = Yorkshire| location = London| page = 36}}</ref> In July, he slipped on wet grass when he was about to bowl against Leicestershire at [[Fartown Ground#Cricket|Fartown Ground]], [[Huddersfield]]; the subsequent shoulder injury effectively ended his season,<ref name=Hodgson/><ref>{{Cite news | title = Yorkshire win| newspaper = The Times | location = London | page = 6 | date = 21 July 1923}}</ref> apart from one match against [[Lancashire County Cricket Club|Lancashire]] in which he bowled just six overs.<ref name=figures/> In September, the injury required an operation to repair a torn [[ligament]].<ref>{{Cite news | title = Saving Abe Waddington| newspaper = Yorkshire Evening Post | location = Leeds | page = 8 | date = 18 September 1923}}</ref> The injury affected the remainder of his career and his bowling was never as effective.<ref name=W303/><ref name=H76>Howe, p. 76.</ref> In total, before his injury, he took 65 wickets at 18.23 in 1923.<ref name=fcbowling/> That season, he recorded his best figures with the bat; after never having a first-class [[Batting average (cricket)|batting average]] better than 12 in an English season, he scored 317 runs at 24.38, including his first fifty in England.<ref name=fcbatting>{{cite web|title=First-class Batting and Fielding in Each Season by Abe Waddington |url-access=subscription |url=https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Players/0/383/f_Batting_by_Season.html|publisher=CricketArchive|access-date=9 January 2014}}</ref>

On his return in 1924, Waddington bowled little in his first matches,<ref name=figures/> but was used more in Yorkshire's defeat by [[Middlesex County Cricket Club|Middlesex]] at [[Lord's]] where he bowled 42 overs to take three for 116. Several Yorkshire players were absent, playing representative matches,{{refn|A representative match in cricket is one in which one or both teams are composed of those regarded as representing the best players in a region or group (such as professional cricketers), or one involving national sides.|group=notes}} but the game had consequences later in the season.<ref>Woodhouse, p. 327.</ref><ref name=H75>Howe, p. 75.</ref> In the return match at [[Bramall Lane#Cricket at the Lane|Sheffield]] in July, the Yorkshire players seemed determined to have revenge but could only secure a draw. Critics thought that the Yorkshire bowlers [[Appeal (cricket)|appealed]] excessively to the [[Umpire (cricket)|umpires]], and the Middlesex players were barracked by the crowd. The journalist [[Alfred Pullin]] described the match as "a sorry exhibition of ill feeling and bad manners."<ref name=H75/>

The umpires reported Waddington to the cricket committee of the MCC for inciting the crowd through his appeals and gestures of displeasure when batsmen were not given out. Waddington maintained his innocence but the MCC supported the umpires, finding him guilty of dissent,<ref name=H75/><ref>{{Cite news | title = The Waddington Inquiry | newspaper = The Times | location = London | page = 5 | date = 28 July 1924}}</ref> and the Yorkshire president [[Martin Hawke, 7th Baron Hawke|Lord Hawke]] persuaded him to write a letter of apology to the MCC secretary.<ref name=H75/> After the game, Middlesex threatened to cancel their future matches against Yorkshire;{{refn|After the intervention of the former Yorkshire player [[Rockley Wilson]], Middlesex withdrew the threat, and the Yorkshire–Middlesex match at Leeds the following season raised a record amount for Roy Kilner's [[Benefit (sports)|benefit]].<ref name=H76/>|group=notes}} rumours circulated that the Yorkshire captain [[Geoffrey Wilson (cricketer)|Geoffrey Wilson]] had offered to resign and that Waddington would be dropped.<ref name=H76/> Later in 1924, Yorkshire had another controversial match, this time against [[Surrey County Cricket Club|Surrey]], where there were disputes on the field, but no official complaint was made.<ref name=Hodgson/> The editor of ''Wisden'' suggested that a handful of players were the root cause of Yorkshire's problem;<ref name=Macaulay/> Geoffrey Wilson resigned at the end of the season,<ref>Woodhouse, p. 332.</ref> and these events probably cost Macaulay a place in the England Test team.<ref name=Macaulay>{{Cite web| last = Pardon| first = Sydney | url = http://www.cricinfo.com/wisdenalmanack/content/story/68222.html| title = Notes by the Editor| work = Wisden Cricketers' Almanack| year = 1925| publisher = John Wisden & Co. | access-date = 4 September 2010}}</ref> The Yorkshire cricketer and journalist [[Bill Bowes]] later recalled a story in circulation that Waddington had deliberately tripped and injured the Middlesex player [[J. W. Hearne]] around this period, although he did not specify if it was during the 1924 Sheffield match.<ref>Marshall, p. 16.</ref> Waddington ended the season with 69 wickets at an average of 21.55, but appeared less effective than before his injury.<ref name=fcbowling/><ref>Woodhouse, p. 333</ref>

===Decline===
Waddington took more than 100 wickets in a season for the final time in 1925. Although his form was mixed, he achieved some good performances.<ref>Woodhouse, p. 338.</ref> ''Wisden'' attributed Yorkshire's championship victory to their bowlers and suggested that "Waddington enjoyed a well-merited success".<ref name=wis26>{{Cite book| editor-last = Stewart Caine | editor-first = C| title = Wisden Cricketers' Almanack| year = 1926| publisher = John Wisden & Co| volume = Part II |chapter = Yorkshire| location = London| page = 44}}</ref> In total, he took 109 wickets at an average of 20.24.<ref name=fcbowling/> In 1926 both he and the other bowlers were less successful as Yorkshire slipped to second.<ref name=ccposn/><ref name=wis27/> ''Wisden'' noticed a decline in his bowling, but expected him to recover his form.<ref name=wis27>{{Cite book| editor-last = Stewart Caine | editor-first = C| title = Wisden Cricketers' Almanack| year = 1927| publisher = John Wisden & Co| volume = Part II |chapter = Yorkshire| location = London| page = 124}}</ref> He took 78 wickets at an average of 23.30,<ref name=fcbowling/> and scored his highest aggregate with the bat in a season, making 525 runs with two fifties.<ref name=fcbatting/> In the English winter of 1926–27, he travelled to India and worked as a cricket coach.<ref name=H76/>

Waddington's bowling declined further in 1927, to the point where ''Wisden'' suggested his record was poor and his "work was only occasionally worthy of his reputation".<ref name="wis27 page 89">{{Cite book| editor-last = Stewart Caine | editor-first = C| title = Wisden Cricketers' Almanack| year = 1927| publisher = John Wisden & Co| volume = Part II |chapter = Yorkshire| location = London| page = 89}}</ref> The effectiveness of the other bowlers was similarly reduced, and combined with a cautious, safety-first approach, Yorkshire had a mixed season and finished third.<ref name=ccposn/><ref>Hodgson, pp. 119–20.</ref> Waddington took 45 wickets at 32.02,<ref name=fcbowling/> and conceded a high number of runs on many occasions.<ref>Woodhouse, p. 345.</ref> However, in what was his last season, he scored his only first-class century, an innings of 114 against [[Worcestershire County Cricket Club|Worcestershire]].<ref name=H76/> His final first-class appearance was for the North against the South at the Folkestone Festival, where he bowled 16 overs without taking a wicket.<ref>{{Cite web| url = https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Scorecards/12/12524.html| title = South v North in 1927 | publisher = CricketArchive| access-date = 7 September 2010}}</ref> At the end of the season, Waddington was offered a new contract despite his decline in bowling and continuing problems from his injured shoulder. He turned it down, ending his county cricket career.<ref name=H76/> In all first-class matches, Waddington took 852 wickets at an average of 19.75 and scored 2,527 runs at an average of 12.89 with four fifties as well as the century.<ref name=cricinfo>{{Cite web| url = http://www.espncricinfo.com/england/content/player/22251.html| title = Abe Waddington Player Profile| publisher = ESPNCricinfo| access-date = 7 September 2010}}</ref> The following season, Yorkshire awarded him a [[Testimonial match|testimonial]] of £1,000.<ref>{{Cite news | title = The Yorkshire Club| newspaper = The Times | location = London | page = 6 | date = 16 January 1929}}</ref>

==Style and personality==
Waddington bowled with control, maintaining a good length while his [[Bowling action|action]] made the ball swing away from the batsman. For variation, he delivered an [[off cutter|off-cutter]] and when he bowled, the ball seemed to increase its speed after bouncing.<ref name=obit>{{Cite web| url = http://www.cricinfo.com/wisdenalmanack/content/story/234491.html| title = Abe Waddington obituary | work = Wisden Cricketers' Almanack| year = 1960 |publisher = John Wisden & Co. | access-date = 7 September 2010}}</ref><ref>Cardus, p. 31.</ref> He often bowled [[Glossary of cricket terms#around the wicket|around the wicket]]. His curved [[Run-up (cricket)|run-up]] began from the [[Leg side|on side]] of the wicket, and he ran behind the umpire. He then released the ball from the corner of the [[Crease (cricket)#Bowling crease|bowling crease]], creating a sharp angle for the batsman to face, sometimes using [[Bouncer (cricket)|short deliveries]] with a [[Leg theory|ring of leg side fielders]].<ref name=Hodgson/><ref name=Cardus73>Cardus, p. 73.</ref> Waddington modelled his bowling on that of George Hirst, a fellow left-arm paceman who also acted as a coach and mentor to him in his early career,<ref name=timesobit>{{Cite news | last = Whitfield | first = B. G. | title = Mr A Waddington (Obituary) | newspaper = The Times | location = London | page = 15 | date = 30 October 1959}}</ref> but Derek Hodgson notes that the two men were very different in personality: Waddington was far more quick-tempered than Hirst.<ref name=Hodgson/> Waddington's bowling action was noted for its excellence and perfection.<ref name=W303/> [[Neville Cardus]], the journalist and cricket writer, described it as "gloriously rhythmical",<ref>Cardus, p. 54.</ref> and "so lovely that one simply cannot deny he is a good bowler."<ref name=Cardus73/> But too often, Cardus suggested, he was "ever raising hopes that real greatness will come from him, only to disappoint again and again".<ref name=Cardus73/>

Although Waddington scored a first-class century in his final season, he did not live up to his batting potential despite a good style.<ref name=H74/> A [[Batting order (cricket)#Lower order or tail|lower-order batsman]],<ref>Marshall, p. 38.</ref> he was inclined to be dismissed through playing irresponsible shots.<ref name=Hodgson/> Herbert Sutcliffe believed that, had he not been a bowler, Waddington may have developed into a leading batsman; he wrote that Waddington "had as delightful a batting style as he had a bowling style."<ref name=Sutcliffe>Sutcliffe, p. 138.</ref> But Sutcliffe suggested that Waddington did not possess the required patience: "He used to hit up a brilliant 30 or 40 before making a perfectly silly shot".<ref name=Sutcliffe/>

Waddington resented the class divisions in English cricket, his feelings fuelled by experiences of officers in the war and possibly his tour to Australia in 1920–21. He fully embraced Yorkshire's hard-edged competitiveness in the early 1920s: he questioned the decisions of umpires and [[Sledging (cricket)|sledged]] opposing batsmen, both of which were unusual at the time.<ref name=H74/> His ''Times'' obituary noted that some disagreements came because Waddington played to win and was an enthusiastic appealer, although he was unlikely to win many appeals for [[leg before wicket]] because of the angle at which he bowled.<ref name=timesobit/> Anthony Woodhouse, the cricket historian, describes Waddington as a "wild and irresponsible ... quick-tempered individual".<ref name=W303/> But there was another side to his personality; he was a good talker and liked to wear smart clothes, including monogrammed silk shirts. Sutcliffe, a close friend and teammate of Waddington,<ref>Howe, pp. 72, 76.</ref> called him "a genial fellow in the dressing room; a man with a rare personality, proof of which is shown by the fact that whenever there was a discussion of any kind in the dressing room, Abe generally ruled it, to all intents and purposes, the chairman."<ref>Sutcliffe, p. 137.</ref> The cricket writer [[Jim Kilburn]] wrote that "at his best, [Waddington] was a magnificently hostile bowler with one of the most beautiful actions ever seen in cricket, and his pace and break-back were a problem for the greatest of batsmen".<ref name=H77>Howe, p. 77.</ref> The historian Leslie Duckworth summed him up: "Yes, a man of temper, Waddington, but a fine cricketer."<ref name=Hodgson/>

==Later life==
When Waddington retired from first-class cricket, he took over the family business.<ref name=H76/> He played as a professional for West Bromwich Dartmouth CC in the [[Birmingham and District Premier League|Birmingham League]] in 1928,<ref>{{Cite news | title = Waddington in form | newspaper = Daily Mirror | location = London | page = 29 | date = 31 May 1928}}</ref> and for [[Accrington]] in 1929 and 1930. He maintained friendships with several members of the Yorkshire team and was a pallbearer at Kilner's funeral in 1928. In 1954–55, the Yorkshire player and England captain [[Len Hutton]] invited Waddington to accompany the members of the MCC team to Australia. En route by sea, the team visited the grave of [[Hedley Verity]], the Yorkshire bowler who was killed in Italy in the Second World War and buried there.<ref name=H76/><ref name=Hill>{{Cite book |last = Hill |first = Alan |title = Hedley Verity. Portrait of a Cricketer |publisher = Mainstream Publishing |year = 2000 |location= Edinburgh and London |isbn = 1-84018-302-0 | page = 153}}</ref> Including his visit as a player, Waddington made five trips to Australia.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article18446107 |title=Social News And Gossip. |newspaper=The Sydney Morning Herald |location=Sydney, New South Wales |date=20 October 1954 |access-date=14 January 2014 |page=15 |publisher=National Library of Australia}}</ref>

Waddington had success in other sports, especially as an amateur [[Association football|football]] goalkeeper. He was with [[Bradford City A.F.C.|Bradford City]] in the 1920–21 football season, but did not play a match for them. For the 1921–22 season, he played for [[Halifax Town A.F.C.|Halifax Town]], making seven appearances in [[the Football League]].<ref name=H72/><ref name=W303/><ref>{{Cite book |title=Football League Players' Records 1888 to 1939 |first=Michael |last=Joyce |publisher=Soccerdata |location=Nottingham| year=2004 |isbn=1-899468-67-6| page= 267 }}</ref> He was a good enough golfer to represent Yorkshire, to partner [[Henry Cotton (golfer)|Henry Cotton]],<ref name=H72/><ref name=W303/> and to play in the qualifying rounds of [[the Open Championship]] in 1935 and 1939.<ref>{{Cite news | title = Golf: Open Championship| newspaper = The Times | location = London | page = 7 | date = 26 June 1935}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news | title = Golf: Open Championship| newspaper = The Times | location = London | page = 7 | date = 4 July 1939}}</ref> Sutcliffe wrote that leading golfers told him that had Waddington not been a cricketer, he had the talent to have succeeded as a golfer, although he was prone to carelessness in his play.<ref name=Sutcliffe/> One Bradford golf club banned him after he poured a glass of beer over the captain, who Waddington believed had used inappropriate language in front of a woman.<ref name=H72/> A motorcycling enthusiast, he regularly attended the [[Isle of Man TT]], although his love of fast cars brought him trouble from the police at times.<ref name=H72/><ref name=W303/> After one incident in 1938, he was fined £5 for assaulting a policeman and using obscene language after being asked to dip his headlights.{{refn|According to the proceedings in court, the policeman asked Waddington to turn off his headlights when his car was parked by the side of a road in the early hours of the morning. Waddington only dipped them and when the policeman told him he would be reported, Waddington struck him in the chest. The policeman claimed that Waddington had to be restrained by a passenger in his car but broke free and pursued him; he then was more friendly, but the policeman claimed that he tried to kiss him before striking him again. Waddington admitted being aggressive but denied trying to hit or kiss the policeman.<ref name=assault/>|group=notes}}<ref name=assault>{{Cite news | title = Abe Waddington and Constable| newspaper = The Yorkshire Post | location = Leeds | page = 4 | date = 9 March 1938}}</ref> In 1950, he was fined and banned from driving for a year after being found drunk while attempting to start up his car. In mitigation, his lawyer claimed he was suffering from "overwork, worry and insomnia."<ref>{{Cite news | title = Abe Waddington "Fortunate"| newspaper = The Yorkshire Post and Leeds Intelligencer | location = Leeds | page = 5 | date = 24 January 1950}}</ref>

At the start of the Second World War, Waddington was appointed chairman of the North Eastern Division Advisory Committee for the Control of Oils and Fats and became an agent of the [[Minister of Food (United Kingdom)|Ministry of Food]].<ref name=trial>{{Cite news | title = Former Cricketer for Trial: Alleged Conspiracy to Defraud| newspaper = The Yorkshire Post and Leeds Mercury | location = Leeds | page = 1 | date = 24 January 1946}}</ref> His responsibilities included arranging for the storage of fats.<ref name=Evidence>{{Cite news | title = Accused's Memorandum in the Fats Storage Case: "The £901 I Received was for Services to the Firm"| newspaper = The Yorkshire Post and Leeds Mercury | location = Leeds | page = 1 | date = 29 March 1946}}</ref> When the war concluded, he was charged with conspiracy to defraud the Ministry of Food when it was discovered that a letter detailing amounts of money had been altered.<ref name=trial/> The prosecution alleged that between 1943 and 1944, Waddington and the manager of another fat storage firm shared £1,600 between them which should have gone to the latter's company when the price paid by the Ministry for storage increased.<ref name=Evidence/> Waddington denied all knowledge; his brother Priestley, another director at the family firm, said that he made the arrangements to pay a portion of the increased fees to Waddington's co-defendant without the knowledge of Waddington.<ref>{{Cite news | title = Arrangement to Share Money Denied: Waddington's Defence in Fats Storage Fraud Charge | newspaper = The Yorkshire Post and Leeds Mercury | location = Leeds | page = 1 | date = 30 March 1946}}</ref> Waddington was acquitted when a judge ruled that there was no way that it could be proven that he had known of the alteration to the letter, or that he was in any way responsible.<ref>{{Cite news | title = Waddington Not Guilty: An Acquittal in the Fats Case| newspaper = The Yorkshire Post and Leeds Mercury | location = Leeds | page = 1 | date = 1 April 1946}}</ref>

Waddington was married twice. In 1925, he married Mabel Fawell; none of his Yorkshire teammates were aware that he was getting married.<ref name=family>{{Cite news | title = Social Record| newspaper = Hull Daily Mail | location = Hull | page = 4 | date = 27 March 1925}}</ref> In 1952, he married Doris Garforth; on this occasion, many of his former cricketing colleagues attended.<ref>{{Cite news | title = Mr A. Waddington Marries| newspaper = The Yorkshire Post and Leeds Mercury | location = Leeds | page = 1 | date = 5 March 1952}}</ref> After a long illness, Waddington died in a [[Scarborough, North Yorkshire|Scarborough]] nursing home on 28 October 1959 aged 66. He was cremated in Bradford.<ref name=H77/><ref>Woodhouse, p. 304.</ref>

==Notes==
{{Reflist|group=notes}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Bibliography==
{{Commons category|Abe Waddington}}
* {{Cite book |last = Cardus |first = Neville |title = The Roses Matches 1919–1939 |publisher = Souvenir Press |year = 1982
|location= London |isbn = 0-285-62520-9}}
* {{Cite book |last = Hodgson |first = Derek |title = The Official History of Yorkshire County Cricket Club |publisher = The Crowood Press |year = 1989 |location= Ramsbury, Marlborough, Wiltshire |isbn = 1-85223-274-9}}
* {{Cite book| last = Howe | first = Martin | title = The Yorkshire County Cricket Club Yearbook| edition = 2010| publisher = Great Northern Books| location = Ilkley | chapter = True Man of Action in Cricket and War | date = March 2010 |isbn = 978-1-905080-75-5 | pages = 72–79}}
* {{Cite book |last = Marshall |first = Michael |title = Gentlemen and Players. Conversations with Cricketers |publisher = Grafton Books |year = 1987 |location = London |isbn = 0-246-11874-1 |url-access = registration |url = https://archive.org/details/gentlemenplayers0000unse }}
* {{Cite book |last = Sutcliffe |first = Herbert |title = For England and Yorkshire |publisher = Edward Arnold |year = 1935 |location= London |oclc = 15335201}}
* {{Cite book |last = Woodhouse |first = Anthony |title = The History of Yorkshire County Cricket Club |publisher = Christopher Helm |year = 1989
|location= London |isbn = 0-7470-3408-7}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Waddington, Abe}}
[[Category:1893 births]]
[[Category:1959 deaths]]
[[Category:People from Clayton, West Yorkshire]]
[[Category:Sportspeople from the City of Bradford]]
[[Category:Cricketers from West Yorkshire]]
[[Category:England Test cricketers]]
[[Category:English cricketers]]
[[Category:Yorkshire cricketers]]
[[Category:Royal Air Force cricketers]]
[[Category:Players cricketers]]
[[Category:English men's footballers]]
[[Category:Men's association football goalkeepers]]
[[Category:Bradford City A.F.C. players]]
[[Category:Halifax Town A.F.C. players]]
[[Category:English Football League players]]
[[Category:Cricketers from Bradford]]
[[Category:Marylebone Cricket Club cricketers]]
[[Category:North v South cricketers]]
[[Category:English cricketers of 1919 to 1945]]
[[Category:20th-century English sportsmen]]
[[Category:People acquitted of fraud]]
[[Category:Military personnel from West Yorkshire]]
[[Category:British Army personnel of World War I]]
[[Category:West Yorkshire Regiment soldiers]]
[[Category:Royal Flying Corps soldiers]]

Love Matters (program)

2025-05-31T10:25:58Z

WilfredBirmingha: Details

{{Short description|Company in Netherlands}}
{{Infobox company
| name = Love Matters
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'''Love Matters''' is a global program providing information on [[Intimate relationship|relationship]]s, sex and love. The idea was first developed in the [[Netherlands]] by the independent media producer by Michele Ernsting and Michelle Chakkalackal at [[Radio Netherlands Worldwide|RNW Media]]. It has been referred to as a [[freedom of speech]] program. Its current target countries are [[Kenya]], [[Uganda]], [[China]], [[Egypt]], [[Mexico]], [[Venezuela]] and [[India]].

==Purpose==
Love Matters works mainly online via its own websites and social media channels. In each region, it provides the same delivery method, but the content and language are tailored to each target market. It seeks to bridge the gap in sexual reproductive health information between young people, sexual health experts, educators and services. The concept has been honored by the [[World Association for Sexual Health]] and is also mentioned in the [[United Nations]] manifesto on reproductive health.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hills |first=James |date=2023-06-01 |title=Spark Your Marriage: Simple Actions For More Love |url=https://coupleplaces.com/relationship-advice/spark-your-marriage-simple-actions-for-more-love.html |access-date=2023-07-21 |website=coupleplaces.com |language=en-GB}}</ref>

==History==
The first Love Matters platform was launched in November 2010 in Netherlands, and then subsequently launched in India in 2011. This was following the banning of sexual education in a number of regions in [[India]] in the years prior to this.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Chadha|first1=Monica|title=Indian state bans sex education|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/south_asia/6523371.stm|publisher=[[BBC]]|date=April 3, 2007}}</ref> The platform expanded rapidly to [[Latin America]], [[Africa]], the [[Middle East]] and China.

[[Radio Netherlands Worldwide|RNW Media]] launched the idea after seeing problems globally with [[sex education]]. The coverage in [[India]] gave them a platform to launch the idea, with them launching Love Matters India in late 2011. The idea came following decades of work by [[Radio Netherlands Worldwide|RNW Media]], using shortwave radio. The [[Netherlands|Dutch]] media group partnered with a number of local institutions, including the [[Indira Gandhi National Open University]] for Love Matters.<ref name=hindustan>{{cite web|title=An online guidebook on safe sex|publisher=[[Hindustan Times]]|date=January 23, 2012}}</ref>

The exact strategy for the launch was created following a survey they carried out with young [[India]]n citizens in [[Delhi]] and [[Mumbai]]. Originally the platform was launched as a website, with the focus shifting to mobile [[CSS]]-styled websites after the survey's results clearly stated that their target market of young people wanted to access the information predominantly on their [[mobile phone]]s.<ref name=hindustan />

Love Matters second launch was in [[South America]] in 2011, with “Hablemos de Amor”, which translates as ''Let’s talk about Love''. The region and name were later redefined, with the [[Latin America]]n version of the platform focusing on three areas, [[Venezuela]], [[Mexico]] and [[Cuba]]. The title was also changed to ''Hablemos de Sexo y Amor'', to include sex in the title, a bid to make the platform more popular amongst men. The next step for the platform was to move to [[Kenya]], where it went live in 2012. As part of the launch, Kenyan newspaper [[The Star (Kenya)|The Star]], launched a weekly feature and an advice column, talking about common relationship issues.<ref name=thestar>{{cite web|title=Love Matters by The Star|url=http://www.the-star.co.ke/sections/love-matters|publisher=[[The Star (Kenya)]]|access-date=2015-11-23|archive-date=2015-11-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151108123152/http://www.the-star.co.ke/sections/love-matters|url-status=dead}}</ref>

In 2013, Love Matters took the decision to expand to [[China]], where it is commonly taboo for people to openly talk about sex and sexual problems. This has contributed to the increase in [[teenage pregnancy]] in the country.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Gao|first1=Y.|last2=Lu|first2=Z.|last3=Shi|first3=R.|last4=Sun|first4=X.|last5=Cai|first5=Y.|title=AIDS and sex education for young people in China|journal=Reproduction, Fertility and Development|date=2001|volume=13|issue=7–8|pages=729–37|doi=10.1071/RD01082|pmid=11999327}}</ref> When Love Matters and their partners in [[China]] carried out a survey in [[Beijing]], it found that 47% of the young people had never received formal [[sex education]]. Of the 47%, nearly two thirds of them wanted to have access to more information.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Zhang|first1=L.|last2=Li|first2=X.|last3=Shah|first3=I. H.|title=Where do Chinese adolescents obtain knowledge of sex? Implications for sex education in China|journal=Health Education|date=2007|volume=107|issue=4|pages=351–363|doi=10.1108/09654280710759269}}</ref>

After the success of the platform in various regions, it was expanded to the [[Middle East]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Wereldomroep verzorgt seksles in het Arabisch|url=http://www.telegraaf.nl/binnenland/22351621/__Seksles_in_het_Arabisch__.html|publisher=[[De Telegraaf]]|date=March 4, 2014}}</ref> The platform aims to tackle many taboos within Middle Eastern culture, which in general doesn't offer [[sex education]] within schools. Al Hubb Thaqafa, which can be translated to ''love is culture'', is predominantly managed and run by Middle Eastern women.<ref>{{cite web|title=Egipto: hablemos de amor y de sexo|url=https://edition.cnn.com/videos/spanish/2014/03/24/cnnee-balderas-egypt-love-matters.cnn|publisher=[[CNN]]|date=2014}}</ref> While Love Matters approach goes against many traditional views in countries such as [[Iran]], [[Pakistan]] and [[Egypt]], it has been accepted by many as a social tool for [[sex education]], especially for females in the region.<ref>{{cite web|last1=El Feki|first1=Shereen|title=An Arab spring of love matters – Al Hubb Thaqafa defies sexual taboos|url=https://www.theguardian.com/global-development-professionals-network/2015/feb/20/love-matters-al-hubb-thaqafa-sex-education-defies-sexual-taboos|work=[[The Guardian]]|date=February 20, 2015}}</ref>

==Content==
Love Matters India works locally with many institutions to help promote the platform to local people. It is a sex-positive platform, meaning it refuses to be censored by [[religion]] or taboos. On that particular platform, visitors post [[blog]]s and queries, which are answered by the fictitious person ''Auntyji.'' The figure is aimed to provide a motherly figure for younger individuals, based on the relationship between elders and young adults in [[Indian culture]]. The framework of the site is to answer many general questions that Indians may have, while also providing tools such as an encyclopaedia of sex terms to promote self-learning.<ref name=hindu>{{cite web|title=Information matters|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Delhi/information-matters/article4062111.ece|work=[[The Hindu]]|date=November 5, 2012}}</ref>

Other information and medical coverage is also displayed on many of the platforms, including information on [[HIV]] and [[AIDS]].<ref name=hindu /> In regions such as [[Kenya]], Love Matters has also distributed content using the existing media channels. From 2012 onwards, the platform partnered with [[The Star (Kenya)|The Star]] in [[Kenya]], to write on a weekly basis about common relationship problems.<ref name=thestar />

==Locations==
Love Matters operates regionally, creating targeted content, dependent on what is required for that given target region. The earliest launch was in [[India]], with other locations such as [[Kenya]] soon following. Other major regional platforms have included [[Latin America]], [[China]] and the [[Middle East]].

==Coverage==
The Love Matters concept received recognition in 2013 from the [[World Association for Sexual Health]], following its expansion to various locations globally. After receiving the award, a member of the awarding panel stated in an interview that he believed Love Matter carried out “innovative work in reaching a large number of young people in challenging settings.”<ref>{{cite news|last1=Fridman|first1=Cristina Tania|title=The 2013 WAS Gold Medal winners|publisher=[[World Association for Sexual Health]]|date=December 2013}}</ref>

In recent times, Love Matters was mentioned by the [[United Nations]] as part of their advice [[manifesto]] for their guidelines on reproductive health.<ref>{{cite news|title=UN Population Division, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, with support from the UN Population Fund (UNFPA) - Guidelines on Reproductive Health|publisher=[[United Nations]]|date=2015}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Relationship education]]
[[Category:Sex education]]
[[Category:2009 establishments in India]]

Sinivasan Pandiyan

2025-05-06T10:04:20Z

WilfredBirmingha: corrected lead and added references

{{short description|Indian footballer}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2019}}
{{Infobox football biography
| name = Sinivasan Pandiyan
| image =
| image_size =
| caption =
| fullname = Sinivasan Pandiyan
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1995|12|6|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Thanjavur]], [[Tamil Nadu]], India
| height = 
| currentclub = [[Gokulam Kerala FC|Gokulam Kerala]]
| clubnumber =
| position = [[Midfielder (association football)|Central midfielder]]
| youthyears1 =
| youthclubs1 = Noble Football Academy
| years1 = 2015–2016
| clubs1 = [[Indian Bank Recreational Club|Indian Bank RC]]
| caps1 =
| goals1 =
| years2 = 2016–2017
| clubs2 = [[Viva Chennai FC|Viva Chennai]]
| caps2 =
| goals2 =
| years3 = 2017–2018
| clubs3 = [[Chennai City F.C.|Chennai City]]
| caps3 = 17
| goals3 = 0
| years4 = 2018
| clubs4 = [[Chennaiyin FC|Chennaiyin]]
| caps4 = 0
| goals4 = 0
| years5 = 2019–2020
| clubs5 = [[Chennaiyin F.C.|Chennaiyin]]
| caps5 = 1
| goals5 = 0
| nationalyears1 =
| nationalteam1 =
| nationalcaps1 =
| nationalgoals1 =
| club-update = 12:08, 4 January 2019 (UTC)
| ntupdate =
| years6 = 2021–
| clubs6 = [[Gokulam Kerala FC|Gokulam Kerala]]
| caps6 = 0
| goals6 = 0
}}
'''Sinivasan Pandiyan''' (born 6 December 1995) is an Indian professional [[association football|footballer]] who plays as a [[Midfielder (association football)|central midfielder]] for [[Gokulam Kerala FC|Gokulam Kerala]] in [[I-League]].

==Career==
Born in [[Thanjavur]], [[Tamil Nadu]], Pandiyan began his career with the Noble Football Academy in [[Karaikudi]].<ref name="CCFC">{{cite news |last1=Muralidharan |first1=Ashwin |title=Chennai City FC's midfield dynamo Sinivasan Pandiyan looking to make it big in Indian football |url=http://www.goal.com/en/news/chennai-city-fc-sinivasan-pandiyan-isl-indian-football/pvvu487rprc716cqj1ly7pkel |accessdate=6 April 2018 |work=Goal.com |date=23 March 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180408011551/http://www.goal.com/en/news/chennai-city-fc-sinivasan-pandiyan-isl-indian-football/pvvu487rprc716cqj1ly7pkel |archive-date=8 April 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref> While with the academy, he was coached by former [[India national football team|India international]] [[Raman Vijayan]].<ref name="Hindu">{{cite news |last1=Ragav |first1=S. Dipak |last2=Ramakrishnan |first2=Amrit |title=A proud moment for Vijayan |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-sports/a-proud-moment-for-vijayan/article19836367.ece |accessdate=6 April 2018 |work=The Hindu |date=11 October 2017}}</ref> Pandiyan stayed at the academy until after high school. He moved back to Chennai to play for Indian Bank in the CFA Senior Division before also playing for [[Viva Chennai FC|Viva Chennai]].<ref name="CCFC"/>

===Chennai City===
In June 2017, it was announced that Pandiyan was signed by [[Chennai City F.C.|Chennai City]] for the [[I-League]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Chennai City FC signs three players for ISL 2017-'18 |url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/chennai-city-fc-signs-three-players-for-isl-2017-18-117072400782_1.html |accessdate=6 April 2018 |work=Business Standard |date=24 July 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180408010239/http://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/chennai-city-fc-signs-three-players-for-isl-2017-18-117072400782_1.html |archive-date=8 April 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref> He made his professional debut for the club on 4 December 2017 in Chennai City's second match of the [[2017–18 I-League|2017–18 season]] against [[Gokulam Kerala F.C.|Gokulam Kerala]]. Pandiyan started and played the whole match as Chennai City drew 1–1.<ref>{{cite web |title=Gokulam Kerala 1-1 Chennai City |url=https://us.soccerway.com/matches/2017/12/04/india/i-league/gokulam/chennai-city/2683970/ |website=Soccerway |access-date=7 April 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180619064858/https://us.soccerway.com/matches/2017/12/04/india/i-league/gokulam/chennai-city/2683970/ |archive-date=19 June 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref> By the end of the season, Pandiyan had played in 17 matches for Chennai City, starting 16, while playing a pivotal role for the club from midfield and forming a partnership with [[Michael Soosairaj]].<ref name="CCFC"/>

According to Pandiyan, he initially struggled to adapt to playing in the I-League before becoming comfortable. "It was difficult at first because it was a new level altogether. I couldn’t play that well but I started to improve my game as the season went by. I adjusted to the I-League level soon and I’m very happy that I could play at such a level," he said at the end of the season.<ref name="CCFC"/>

===Chennaiyin===
After his breakout season with [[Chennai City F.C.|Chennai City]], Pandiyan signed a three-year contract with local [[Indian Super League]] side [[Chennaiyin FC|Chennaiyin]] on 13 April 2018.<ref>{{cite web |title=Sinivasan Pandiyan signs for Chennaiyin |url=https://twitter.com/ChennaiyinFC/status/984664741716086784 |website=Chennaiyin FC (Twitter)}}</ref><ref name="Chennaiyin FC">{{cite news |title=Chennaiyin FC sign 22-year-old Tamil Nadu midfielder Sinivasan Pandiyan |url=http://www.chennaiyinfc.com/chennaiyin-fc-sign-22-year-old-tamil-nadu-midfielder-sinivasan-pandiyan |accessdate=17 April 2018 |work=Chennaiyin FC |date=13 April 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180418031928/http://www.chennaiyinfc.com/chennaiyin-fc-sign-22-year-old-tamil-nadu-midfielder-sinivasan-pandiyan |archive-date=18 April 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Career statistics==
{{updated|31 January 2021}}<ref>{{soccerway|sinivasan-pandiyan/524944}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|-
!rowspan="2"|Club
!rowspan="2"|Season
!colspan="3"|League
!colspan="2"|Cup
!colspan="2"|Continental
!colspan="2"|Total
|-
!Division!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals
|-
|rowspan="2"|[[Chennai City F.C.|Chennai City]]
|[[2017–18 I-League|2017–18]]
|rowspan="2"|[[I-League]]||17||0||1||0||—||—||18||0
|-
|[[2018–19 I-League|2018–19]]
||6||0||0||0||0||0||6||0
|-
!colspan="3"|Career total
!23!!0!!1!!0!!0!!0!!24!!0
|}

==Honours==
'''Chennai City'''<ref>{{cite news |title=Chennai City FC win I-League 2018-19 title, East Bengal finish second |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/sports/football/story/chennai-city-fc-i-league-2018-19-champions-manzi-east-bengal-gokulam-kerala-1474250-2019-03-09 |access-date=9 March 2019 |work=Indiatoday.in |date=9 March 2019}}</ref>
*[[I-League]]: [[2018–19 I-League|2018–19]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Pandiyan, Sinivasan}}
[[Category:1997 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:People from Thanjavur]]
[[Category:Indian men's footballers]]
[[Category:Chennai City FC players]]
[[Category:Chennaiyin FC players]]
[[Category:Men's association football midfielders]]
[[Category:Footballers from Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:I-League players]]
[[Category:Indian Super League players]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian sportsmen]]
[[Category:Gokulam Kerala FC players]]

Raghav Goyal

2025-04-04T00:42:21Z

WilfredBirmingha: new new article - done

{{Short description|Indian cricketer (born 2001)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2024}}
{{Infobox cricketer
| name = Raghav Goyal
| full_name = Raghav Goyal
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|2001|01|26|df=yes}}
| batting = Left-handed
| bowling = [[Left-arm unorthodox spin]]
| role = [[Bowling (cricket)|Bowler]]

| club1 = [[Mumbai Indians]]
| year1 = 2023

| source = https://www.espncricinfo.com/cricketers/raghav-goyal-1350770 ESPNcricinfo
| date = 3 January
| year = 2024
}}
'''Raghav Goyal''' (born 26 January 2001) is an Indian cricketer, who bats left-handed and bowls [[left-arm unorthodox spin]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Profile: Raghav Goyal |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/cricketers/raghav-goyal-1350770 |access-date=2024-01-03 |website=ESPNcricinfo |language=en}}</ref> He started learning to play cricket at the age of 11.<ref>{{Cite web |title=राघव गोयल का IPL डेब्यू:राघव गोयल ने 11 की उम्र में क्रिकेट खेलना शुरू किया, 21 में IPL डेब्यू |url=https://www.bhaskar.com/local/haryana/panipat/news/raghav-goyal-started-playing-cricket-at-the-age-of-11-ipl-debut-at-21-131253594.html |access-date=2024-01-03 |website=Dainik Bhaskar |language=Hindi}}</ref> He hails from [[Panipat]], a city in [[Haryana]], although he received training from [[Vijay Yadav (cricketer)|Vijay Yadav]] Cricket Academy in [[Faridabad]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=फरीदाबाद के ये 4 खिलाड़ी आईपीएल 2023 में जलवा दिखाने को तैयार, 3 एक ही एकेडमी के |url=https://www.etvbharat.com/hindi/haryana/state/faridabad/faridabad-players-in-ipl-2023-from-vijay-yadav-cricket-academy-faridabad/haryana20230331110517071071327 |access-date=2024-01-03 |website=ETV Bharat News |language=hi}}</ref> He is known for his economical spin bowling and his ability to play big shots.<ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=CSK vs MI: कौन हैं मिस्ट्री स्पिनर राघव गोयल? मुंबई इंडियंस ने चेन्नई के खिलाफ चुना, अबतक फर्स्ट क्लास डेब्यू नहीं हुआ |url=https://hindi.news18.com/news/sports/cricket-who-is-raghav-goyal-player-to-make-ipl-debut-for-mumbai-indians-against-chennai-super-kings-ipl-2023-49th-match-6110511.html |access-date=2024-01-03 |website=News18 हिंदी |language=hi}}</ref>

He took five wickets at an [[economy rate]] of 6.90 in the 2023 DY Patil T20 Cup.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |last2= |first2= |date= |title=CSK vs MI: Who is Raghav Goyal? Player to make IPL debut in Chennai Super Kings vs Mumbai Indians game |url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/sports/cricket/csk-vs-mi-who-is-raghav-goyal-player-to-make-ipl-debut-in-chennai-super-kings-vs-mumbai-indians-game-rohit-sharma-ms-dhoni-2023-05-06-869185 |access-date=2024-01-03 |website=India TV |language=en}}</ref> Consequently, he was bought by the [[Mumbai Indians]] at a price of ₹20 [[lakh]], to play for them in the [[Indian Premier League]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=2023 IPL auction: The list of sold and unsold players |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/2023-ipl-auction-list-of-sold-unsold-players-1350272 |access-date=2024-01-03 |website=ESPNcricinfo |language=en}}</ref> With this, he also became the first player from Panipat to get an IPL call-up.<ref>{{Cite web |title=पानीपत के राघव का IPL में सिलेक्शन:पिता ने कहा- हाथ में बॉल पकड़कर सोता था, शेन वॉर्न-राशिद खान आइडल |url=https://www.bhaskar.com/local/haryana/panipat/news/ipl-cricket-2023-panipat-cricketer-raghav-goyal-selection-in-mumbai-indians-team-130717680.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230520203034/https://www.bhaskar.com/local/haryana/panipat/news/ipl-cricket-2023-panipat-cricketer-raghav-goyal-selection-in-mumbai-indians-team-130717680.html |archive-date=2023-05-20 |access-date=2024-01-03 |website=Dainik Bhaskar}}</ref> He made his [[Twenty20]] debut for the Mumbai Indians on 6 May 2023, against the [[Chennai Super Kings]] in the [[2023 Indian Premier League]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=CSK vs MI, Indian Premier League 2023, 49th Match at Chennai, May 06, 2023 - Full Scorecard |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/indian-premier-league-2023-1345038/chennai-super-kings-vs-mumbai-indians-49th-match-1359523/full-scorecard |access-date=2024-01-03 |website=ESPNcricinfo |language=en}}</ref> He was called in by MI skipper, Rohit Sharma to bowl in defence of MI's 139 score.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Malik |first=Varun |last2=News |first2=India TV |date=2023-05-06 |title=CSK vs MI: Who is Raghav Goyal? Player to make IPL debut in Chennai Super Kings vs Mumbai Indians game |url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/sports/cricket/csk-vs-mi-who-is-raghav-goyal-player-to-make-ipl-debut-in-chennai-super-kings-vs-mumbai-indians-game-rohit-sharma-ms-dhoni-2023-05-06-869185 |access-date=2024-10-07 |website=www.indiatvnews.com |language=en}}</ref> Prior to being bought by MI, he had never played any professional cricket match at senior level.<ref>{{Cite news |date= |title=IPL 2023: Left-arm wrist spinners Kartikeya, Goyal impress Mumbai Indians spin consultant Brad Hogg |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/cricket/ipl/top-stories/ipl-2023-left-arm-wrist-spinners-kartikeya-goyal-impress-mumbai-indians-spin-consultant-brad-hogg/articleshow/99290550.cms |access-date=2024-01-03 |issn=}}</ref>

Before joining the Mumbia Indians, he was a cricket player at Reliance 1 and Sukhna Zone in India.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Raghav Goyal Profile - Cricket Player, India {{!}} News, Photos, Stats, Ranking, Records - NDTV Sports |url=https://sports.ndtv.com/cricket/players/117317-raghav-goyal-playerprofile |access-date=2024-10-07 |website=NDTVSports.com |language=en}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}
== External links ==
* {{cricinfo|id=1350770}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Goyal, Raghav}}
[[Category:2001 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian cricketers]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian sportsmen]]
[[Category:Mumbai Indians cricketers]]
[[Category:Cricketers from Haryana]]

Selvaraj (politician)

2024-10-01T11:37:31Z

WilfredBirmingha: New The Post W/ Infobox - done

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{about|the DMK MLA for Kolathur, Tamil Nadu|the DMK MLA and minister from Samayanallur|S. Selvaraj|other uses|Selvaraj (disambiguation) }}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2021}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2021}}

'''Selvaraj''', also known as '''Kavithapithan''', was elected to the [[Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly]] from the [[Kolathur (State Assembly Constituency)|Kolathur constituency]] in the [[1996 Tamil Nadu state assembly election|1996 elections]]. The constituency was reserved for candidates from the [[Scheduled Castes]]. He was a candidate of the [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]] (DMK) party.<ref>{{cite web |publisher=Election Commission of India |page=9 |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1996/StatisticalReport-TN96.pdf |title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1996 |accessdate=2017-05-06}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Tamil Nadu MLAs 1996–2001]]
[[Category:Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam politicians]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing]]
[[Category:Possibly living people]]

{{DMK-politician-stub}}

Azad Kashmir Plebiscite Front

2024-09-22T15:52:31Z

WilfredBirmingha: page

{{about|a political organisation in Pakistan-administered Kashmir|the political party in Indian-administered Kashmir|All Jammu and Kashmir Plebiscite Front}}
{{EngvarB|date=August 2016}}
{{use dmy dates|date=August 2016}}
{{Infobox political party
| name = Plebiscite Front
| native_name = ''Mahaz-i-Raishumari''
| native_name_lang = ur
| logo = Jammu Kashmir Liberation Front flag.svg
| caption =
| colorcode = 
| abbreviation = 
| leader = [[Amanullah Khan (Kashmir)|Amanullah Khan]]
| president = Abdul Khaliq Ansari
| chairperson = 
| general_secretary =
| first_secretary =
| secretary_general =
| presidium =
| secretary =
| spokesperson =
| founder =
| leader1_title =
| leader1_name =
| slogan =
| founded = {{start date|df=yes|1965|4|}}
| dissolved =
| merged =
| successor = [[Jammu and Kashmir Liberation Front]]
| headquarters =
| membership_year =
| membership =
| ideology =
| position = Called for a [[plebiscite]] on whether Kashmir should join [[India]] or [[Pakistan]] or become independent.
| colors = 
| anthem =
| symbol =
| flag =
| website =
| state = Azad Kashmir
| footnotes =
}}

The '''Plebiscite Front''' in [[Azad Kashmir]],{{sfn|Snedden, Kashmir: The Unwritten History|2013|p=194}}<ref name=Rehman>
{{citation |first=Shams |last=Rehman |title=Remembering Amanullah Khan |newspaper=The Kashmir Walla |date=7 May 2016 |url=http://thekashmirwalla.com/2016/05/remembering-amanullah-khan/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220209151327/https://thekashmirwalla.com/remembering-amanullah-khan/ |archive-date=9 February 2022}}
</ref> also called '''''Mahaz-i-Raishumari''''',<ref name=Ansari>
[http://www.greaterkashmir.com/news/news/abdul-khaliq-ansari-passes-away/149015.html Abdul Khaliq Ansari passes away], Greater Kashmir, 17 June 2013.
</ref> was founded by [[Amanullah Khan (Kashmir)|Amanullah Khan]] in collaboration with Abdul Khaliq Ansari
and [[Maqbool Bhat]] in 1965. The organisation had an unofficial armed wing called '''National Liberation Front''', which carried out sabotage activities in [[Jammu and Kashmir (state)|Jammu and Kashmir]] as well as the [[1971 Indian Airlines hijacking|hijacking of Ganga]]. Amanullah Khan later moved to England, where he revived the National Liberation Front under the new name [[Jammu Kashmir Liberation Front]] (JKLF).{{sfn|Schofield, Kashmir in Conflict|2003|pp=114-116}}

==History==
The Plebiscite Front was the initiative of [[Gilgit Agency|Gilgit]]-born [[Amanullah Khan (JKLF)|Amanullah Khan]], who after graduating with a law degree in Karachi, set up a ''Kashmir Independence Committee'' advocating the ideology of independence for the entire princely state of [[Jammu and Kashmir (princely state)|Jammu and Kashmir]].<ref name=Rehman/>

In April 1965, the Kashmir Independence Committee merged into the newly launched Plebiscite Front in [[Muzaffarabad]]. [[Abdul Khaliq Ansari]] was its president, Amanullah Khan the general secretary and [[Maqbool Bhat]] the publicity secretary.<ref name=Rehman/><ref name=Ansari/> Journalist Arif Jamal states that, the participants drove to an unguarded location of the Kashmir [[Line of Control]] near [[Suchetgarh, Jammu and Kashmir|Suchetgarh]], brought back soil from the Indian-administered [[Jammu and Kashmir (state)|Jammu and Kashmir]], took an oath that they would work exclusively for the liberation of the former princely state.{{sfn|Jamal, Shadow War|2009|pp=87-88}}

==National Liberation Front==
Amanullah Khan and Maqbool Bhat also wanted to set up an armed wing for the Plebiscite Front, but the proposal did not get the majority support in the Plebiscite Front. Undeterred, they established an underground group called '''National Liberation Front''' (NLF), obtaining some support for it in August 1965. The group was fashioned after the Algerian ''[[National Liberation Front (Algeria)|Front de Libération Nationale]]''. Major Amanullah, a former soldier in the Azad Kashmir forces, was in charge of the armed wing while Amanullah Khan and Mir Abdul Qayoom took charge of the political and financial wings. Maqbool Bhat was made responsible for the overall coordination. All the members swore in blood that they would be ready to sacrifice their lives for the objective of the NLF, ''viz''., to create conditions in Jammu and Kashmir that enable its people to demand self-determination. The organisation was successful in recruiting members from Azad Kashmir, and obtained backing from the bureaucracy of the state.<ref name=Rehman/>{{sfn|Swami, India, Pakistan and the Secret Jihad|2007|p=104, 107}}{{sfn|Jamal, Shadow War|2009|pp=88-89}}

The NLF recruited and trained a cadre of militants in the use of explosives and small arms. Crossing into Indian-controlled Kashmir on 10 June 1966, they trained local workers in sabotage activities in the forests of [[Kupwara district|Kupwara]] and set up secret cells. However, in September 1966, Bhat's group was compromised, possibly via Ghulam Muhammad Dar, who acted as a double agent. The group kidnapped a police inspector and, when he tried to escape, shot and killed him. The Indian army zeroed in on them, leading to an exchange of fire in the Kunial village near [[Handwara]]. A member of Bhat's group, Kala Khan, was killed in the action. Bhat and a colleague named Mir Ahmad were captured and tried for sabotage and murder, receiving death sentences from a [[Srinagar]] court in September 1968. Major Amanullah's wing waiting to receive the volunteers at the Line of Control retreated, but it was arrested by the Pakistan Army.{{sfn|Swami, India, Pakistan and the Secret Jihad|2007|p=104}}{{sfn|Schofield, Kashmir in Conflict|2003|pp=114-115}}{{sfn|Jamal, Shadow War|2009|pp=88-89}}

Maqbool Bhat's arrest brought the group's activities into the open, and sharply divided the Plebiscite Front. Nevertheless, they declared it an unconstitutional body and "banned" it. Meanwhile, Maqbool Bhat and Mir Ahmad escaped from the Indian prison in December 1968, along with another inmate Ghulam Yasin, tunneling their way out of the prison complex. They returned to Azad Kashmir in January 1969, creating a sensation in the militant circles. Their standing increased within the community, forcing the Plebiscite Front to abandon its opposition. However, the NLF's failed operations in Jammu and Kashmir put at risk all its sympathisers in the state, many of whom were arrested.{{sfn|Schofield, Kashmir in Conflict|2003|p=115}}{{sfn|Swami, India, Pakistan and the Secret Jihad|2007|pp=107-108}}{{sfn|Jamal, Shadow War|2009|pp=90-91}}

The militants' escape from an Indian prison was viewed with suspicion by Pakistan. Bhat and his colleagues were detained and brutally interrogated for several months.<ref name="Ansari 1971">
[http://jkdlp.org/?p=271 Statement of Advocate Abdul Khaliq Ansari before ‘Azad Kashmir” High Court in 1971], Jammu Kashmir Democratic Liberation Party, 8 June 2015.
</ref> Long after their release, Bhat was still suspected of being a double agent. Pakistan extended little support to the other Indian youth that crossed over into Azad Kashmir for arms and training. [[Praveen Swami]] suggests that, as Pakistan was waging a covert war through its own network in Jammu and Kashmir, it did not want those official operations jeopardised by the amateur operators of the NLF.{{sfn|Swami, India, Pakistan and the Secret Jihad|2007|pp=108-109}}

The NLF continued its activities, sponsoring bomb explosions in the [[Jammu Division|Jammu province]]. It targeted public places, such as railway stations and bus stations, and military installations in and around the cities of [[Jammu]] and [[Poonch (town)|Poonch]]. However, the international attention it was hoping to galvanise through the bombing campaign did not materialise.{{sfn|Jamal, Shadow War|2009|p=91}}

==Ganga hijacking==
{{main|1971 Indian Airlines hijacking}}
[[Hashim Qureshi]], a [[Srinagar]] resident who went to [[Peshawar]] on family business in 1969, met Maqbool Bhat and got inducted into the NLF. He was given an ideological education and lessons in guerrilla tactics in [[Rawalpindi]]. In order to draw the world's attention to the Kashmiri independence movement, the group planned an airline hijacking fashioned after the [[Dawson's Field hijackings]] by the [[Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine|Palestinian militants]]. Hashim Qureshi, along with his cousin Ashraf Qureshi, was ordered to execute one. A former Pakistani air force pilot Jamshed Manto trained him for the task. However, Qureshi was arrested by the Indian [[Border Security Force]] when he tried to reenter Indian-held Kashmir with arms and equipment. He negotiated his way out by claiming to help find other conspirators that were allegedly in the Indian territory, sought an appointment in the Border Security Force to provide such help. Maqbool Bhat sent Qureshi replacement equipment for the hijacking, but it fell into the hands of a double agent, who then turned it over to the Indian authorities. Undeterred, the Qureshis made look-alike explosives out of wood and hijacked an [[Indian Airlines]] plane called Ganga on 30 January 1971.{{sfn|Swami, India, Pakistan and the Secret Jihad|2007|pp=112-113}}{{sfn|Jamal, Shadow War|2009|p=92-93}}

The hijackers landed the plane at [[Lahore]] and demanded the release of 36 NLF prisoners lodged in Indian jails. However, they succumbed to pressure from the airport authorities and ended up releasing all the passengers and the crew. Years later, Ashraf Qureshi admitted that they were naive and didn't realise that "the passengers were more important than the actual plane." Pakistan's Prime Minister [[Zulfikar Bhutto]] showed up at the airport and paid a handsome tribute to the hijackers. Indian Government then refused to carry out the demands. The plane lay on the tarmac for eighty hours, during which the Pakistani security personnel thoroughly searched the air plane and removed papers and postal bags they found in it. Eventually, upon the advice of the authorities, Hashim Qureshi burnt the plane down.{{sfn|Swami, India, Pakistan and the Secret Jihad|2007|pp=112-113}}{{sfn|Jamal, Shadow War|2009|p=94-95}}

For some time, the Qureshis were lauded as heroes. After India reacted by banning overflight of Pakistani planes over India, the Pakistani authorities claimed that the hijack was staged by India, and arrested the hijackers and all their collaborators. A one-man investigation committee headed by Justice Noorul Arifeen declared the hijacking to be an Indian conspiracy, citing Qureshi's appointment in the Border Security Force. In addition to the hijackers, Maqbool Bhat and 150 other NLF fighters were arrested. Seven people were eventually brought to trial (the rest being held without charges). The High Court acquitted them of treason charges. Hashim Qureshi alone was sentenced to seven years in prison. Ironically, Ashraf Qureshi was released even though he was an equal participant in the hijacking. This is said to have been a deal made by Zulikar Bhutto, by now the President of Pakistan, who declared that he would convict one hijacker but release the other.{{sfn|Swami, India, Pakistan and the Secret Jihad|2007|pp=112-113}}{{sfn|Jamal, Shadow War|2009|p=96-97}}

Amanullah Khan was also imprisoned for 15 months in a Gilgit prison during 1970–72, accused of being an Indian agent. He was released after protests broke out in Gilgit. Thirteen of his colleagues were sentenced to 14 years in prison, but released after a year.<ref name=Catch>
[http://www.catchnews.com/politics-news/in-amanullah-khan-s-death-kashmiri-separatism-lost-its-champion-1461747721.html In Amanullah Khan's death Kashmiri separatism lost its champion], Catch News, 27 April 2016.
</ref> According to Hashim Qureshi, 400 activists of the Plebiscite Front and NLF were arrested in Pakistan after the Ganga hijacking.<ref name=Ansari/> Abdul Khaliq Ansari, who was arrested and tortured, testified in the [[High Court of Azad Kashmir|High Court]] that the Ganga hijacking had emboldened the people to question the corrupt practices of the Azad Kashmir leaders and, in reaction, the government arrested them and forced them to confess to being Indian agents.<ref name="Ansari 1971"/>

== Post-hijack operations ==
Further attempts by the NLF to infiltrate into Indian-controlled Kashmir also met with failure. [[Praveen Swami]] states that the organisation did not have enough funds and infrastructure, or support from other sources, to make an impact inside India.{{sfn|Swami, India, Pakistan and the Secret Jihad|2007|pp=108-109}} Paul Staniland adds that "State repression" in the Indian-controlled Kashmir also played a key role.{{sfn|Staniland, Networks of Rebellion|2014|pp=68-69}}

In May 1976, Maqbool Bhat reentered the Indian-controlled Kashmir again. He was encouraged by the student protests against the [[1974 Indira-Sheikh accord]], by which [[Sheikh Abdullah]] agreed to return to constitutional politics. Bhat attempted to rob a bank in [[Kupwara]]. A bank employee was killed in the course of the robbery. Bhat was rearrested and received a second death sentence.{{sfn|Swami, India, Pakistan and the Secret Jihad|2007|p=129}}

Bhat's arrest effectively broke the back of the NLF in Azad Kashmir. Amanullah Khan moved to England, where he received the enthusiastic support of the [[British Mirpuri]] community. The UK chapter of the Plebiscite Front was converted into the [[Jammu and Kashmir Liberation Front]] (JKLF) in May 1977 and formed an armed wing called the `National Liberation Army'. Amanullah Khan took charge as the General Secretary of JKLF the following February.{{sfn|Swami, India, Pakistan and the Secret Jihad|2007|pp=129-130}}

==References==
{{reflist|30em}}

==Bibliography==
* {{citation |last=Jamal |first=Arif |title=Shadow War: The Untold Story of Jihad in Kashmir |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TNO5MAAACAAJ |year=2009 |publisher=Melville House |isbn=978-1-933633-59-6 |ref={{sfnref|Jamal, Shadow War|2009}}}}
* {{citation |first=Victoria |last=Schofield |authorlink=Victoria Schofield |title=Kashmir in Conflict |publisher=I. B. Taurus & Co |location=London and New York |year=2003 |orig-year=First published in 2000 |isbn=1860648983 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rkTetMfI6QkC |ref={{sfnref|Schofield, Kashmir in Conflict|2003}}}}
* {{citation |first=Christopher |last=Snedden |authorlink=Christopher Snedden |title=Kashmir: The Unwritten History |publisher=HarperCollins India |year=2013 |isbn=978-9350298985 |orig-year=first published as ''The Untold Story of the People of Azad Kashmir'', 2012 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0cPjAAAAQBAJ |ref={{sfnref|Snedden, Kashmir: The Unwritten History|2013}}}}
* {{citation |last=Staniland |first=Paul |title=Networks of Rebellion: Explaining Insurgent Cohesion and Collapse |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=E75fAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA68 |date=2014 |publisher=Cornell University Press |isbn=978-0-8014-7102-5 |pages=68– |ref={{sfnref|Staniland, Networks of Rebellion|2014}}}}
* {{citation |last=Swami |first=Praveen |authorlink=Praveen Swami |title=India, Pakistan and the Secret Jihad: The covert war in Kashmir, 1947-2004 |series=Asian Security Studies |publisher=Routledge |year=2007 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Vrl8AgAAQBAJ |isbn=978-0-415-40459-4 |ref={{sfnref|Swami, India, Pakistan and the Secret Jihad|2007}}}}

[[Category:Defunct political parties in Pakistan]]
[[Category:Political parties established in 1965]]
[[Category:Kashmir separatist movement]]
[[Category:Politics of Azad Kashmir]]

Talavali Tarf Satkor

2024-07-08T12:46:56Z

WilfredBirmingha: New Some Biography Basic Info

{{short description|Village in Maharashtra}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2017}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Talavali Tarf Satkor
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| settlement_type = village
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| etymology =
| pushpin_map = India Maharashtra#India
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Maharashtra, India
| coordinates = {{coord|19.794492|N|72.9844401|E|display=inline,title}}
| coordinates_footnotes =
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = [[India]]
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Maharashtra]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Palghar district|Palghar]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[Taluka]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[Vikramgad]]
| established_title =
| established_date =
| founder =
| seat_type = [[Panchayat]]
| seat =
| leader_party =
| leader_title =
| leader_name =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_m = 51
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_total = 2222
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = 
| postal_code =
| area_code_type = 
| area_code =
| blank_name_sec1 = [[2011 Census of India|2011 census]] code
| blank_info_sec1 = 551779
| footnotes =
}}
'''Talavali Tarf Satkor''' is a village in the [[Palghar district]] of [[Maharashtra]], [[India]]. It is located in the [[Vikramgad]] [[taluka]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://dolr.nic.in/dolr/mpr/revenuevillagedirectorypdf/Maharashtra.pdf |title=Maharashtra villages |publisher=Land Records Information Systems Division, NIC |accessdate=2015-08-17 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304095320/http://dolr.nic.in/dolr/mpr/revenuevillagedirectorypdf/Maharashtra.pdf |archivedate=4 March 2016 |df=dmy-all }}</ref>

== Demographics ==

According to the [[2011 census of India]], Talavali Tarf Satkor has 379 households. The effective literacy rate (i.e. the literacy rate of population excluding children aged 6 and below) is 73.21%.<ref name="census_2011"/>

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ Demographics (2011 Census)<ref name="census_2011">{{cite web |url=http://censusindia.gov.in/pca/cdb_pca_census/PCA%20CDB-2721-F-Census.xlsx |title=District census data |work=[[2011 Census of India]] |publisher=Directorate of Census Operations |accessdate=2015-08-17 }}</ref>
! !! Total !! Male !! Female
|-
| Population || 2222 || 1107 || 1115
|-
| Children aged below 6 years || 277 || 143 || 134
|-
| [[Scheduled caste]] || 0 || 0 || 0
|-
| [[Scheduled tribe]] || 2208 || 1098 || 1110
|-
| Literates || 1424 || 785 || 639
|-
| Workers (all) || 1025 || 535 || 490
|-
| Main workers (total) || 493 || 236 || 257
|-
| Main workers: Cultivators || 396 || 184 || 212
|-
| Main workers: Agricultural labourers || 44 || 16 || 28
|-
| Main workers: Household industry workers || 3 || 2 || 1
|-
| Main workers: Other || 50 || 34 || 16
|-
| Marginal workers (total) || 532 || 299 || 233
|-
| Marginal workers: Cultivators || 467 || 256 || 211
|-
| Marginal workers: Agricultural labourers || 42 || 31 || 11
|-
| Marginal workers: Household industry workers || 3 || 2 || 1
|-
| Marginal workers: Others || 20 || 10 || 10
|-
| Non-workers || 1197 || 572 || 625
|}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Vikramgad taluka}}

[[Category:Villages in Vikramgad taluka]]

Sharad Kumar

2024-03-31T10:13:22Z

WilfredBirmingha: New Initial Biography W/ Infobox - done

'''Sharad Kumar''' may refer to

*[[Sharad Kumar (athlete)]], Indian para high jumper
*[[Sharad Kumar (bureaucrat)]], chief of National Investigation Agency
*[[Sharad Chauhan]], also known as ''Sharad Kumar'', member of Legislative Assembly of Delhi
*[[Sharad Kumar Dixit]], American plastic surgeon, Padma Shri awardee

{{hndis|Kumar, Sharad}}