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The Jungle Book (1989 TV series)

2026-05-25T16:50:01Z

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{{Short description|Italian-Japanese anime television series}}
{{More citations needed|date=October 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2023}}
{{Infobox television
| image = Jungle-Book-Opening.jpg
| native_name = ジャングルブック少年モーグリ
| based_on = {{Based on|''[[The Jungle Book]]''|[[Rudyard Kipling]]}}
| genre = 
| director = [[Fumio Kurokawa]]
| producer = Shinsuke Kurabayashi Shunichi Kozo
| executive_producer = Koichi Motohashi
| writer = [[Kimio Yabuki]]
| music = Hideo Shimazu
| company = {{ubl|[[TV Tokyo]]|[[Nippon Animation]]}}
| network = [[TX Network|TXN]] (TV Tokyo)
| first_aired = {{Start date|1989|10|02|df=yes}}
| last_aired = {{End date|1990|10|29|df=yes}}
| num_episodes = 52
| country = Japan
| language = Japanese
}}

{{Nihongo|'''''The Jungle Book'''''|ジャングルブック　少年モーグリ|Janguru Bukku Shōnen Mōguri}} is an [[anime]] adaptation of [[Rudyard Kipling]]'s original collection of stories, ''[[The Jungle Book]]'' produced by Japanese studio [[Nippon Animation]]. It aired in 1989, and consists of a total of 52 episodes.

The series was translated into various languages for global distribution and received international acclaim. It was especially popular in [[India]], where it was dubbed into [[Hindi]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-in-school/a-romp-through-the-jungle-book/article4236715.ece |title=A romp through The Jungle Book - IN SCHOOL |work=The Hindu |date=2012-12-25 |access-date=2015-10-21}}</ref> The Indian version featured an original Hindi opening song, "Jungle Jungle Baat Chali Hai", with lyrics by [[Gulzar]], which was later re-recorded for the Indian release of Disney's ''[[The Jungle Book (2016 film)|The Jungle Book]]'' (2016).<ref>{{cite news|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/jungle-jungle-baat-chali-hai-reworked-version-gulzar-for-the-jungle-book/|title=Reworked version of Gulzar's Jungle, Jungle Baat Chali Hai for 'The Jungle Book' film|date=March 22, 2016|access-date=June 23, 2018}}</ref> It was released in the United States as '''''The Jungle Book: Adventures of Mowgli'''''.

==Plot==
Mowgli is a "man-cub" (human child) who was raised by Akela's pack. He grows up in the jungle with Baloo, Kaa and Bagheera while ending up having to deal with the plots of Shere Khan, Grizzle and Tabaqui. Many of the story arcs and some characters are original, but the series is also interspersed with fairly faithful adaptations of Kipling's Mowgli stories.

==Characters==
===Main characters===
* '''[[Mowgli]]''' - the series protagonist and a young boy lost in the forest of [[Seoni (Madhya Pradesh)|Seeonee]] in [[British India]]. He lost his biological parents when they went out searching for him and fell to their deaths from a cliff, and into a river, after a panther named Bagheera unintentionally frightens them. Alexander adopts him as his son and raises him as a wolf. Mowgli appears to be somewhere between the ages of 6 and 10 during the course of the show, though the first episode shows him as a toddler. He's an adventurous, fun-loving, outgoing boy, but he also goes through a sort of identity crisis, struggling to figure out just what he really is and where he really belongs. He is never without his trusty [[boomerang]], which he fashioned from a treebranch.
* '''[[Baloo]]''' - a bluish-gray [[sloth bear]] and Mowgli's best friend. He also serves as one of Mowgli's teachers, though he is more enthusiastic and has a gentler approach in some of his lessons. Despite this, he is also a very brave and selfless crusader, fighting to defend Mowgli from a hungry [[mugger crocodile]]. Though he was thought to have been slain, he was revealed to be alive and well shortly afterward. He has a strong fondness for honey.
* '''[[Bagheera]]''' - a [[black panther]], Mowgli's main teacher of the Laws of the Jungle, and his closest friend. He is seen as a ''[[de facto]]'' member of Mowgli's wolf pack. Bagheera spent part of his childhood in the care of an English family, though later escaped when his young caretaker was shot by her father. At the end of the series, Bagheera chooses to leave the jungle and live amongst humans with Mowgli.
* '''[[Kaa]]''' - one of Mowgli's friends, a very wise yet short-tempered [[Python molurus|rock python]]. He also serves as a teacher to Mowgli on a few occasions, teaching him about animals who flee from drought and showing him how to defeat the invading dholes by luring them over Bee Rocks. He is feared by a large militia of monkeys due to his short temper, as seen in episode 28.
* '''Kichi''' - Mowgli's [[red panda]] friend. His parents are killed by humans. After Mowgli accuses Kichi of causing trouble (which he unintentionally does) and being a nuisance, he has a harder time fitting in with the new crowd due to already being an outsider and decides to get on the wrong foot, but his friendship with Mowgli would be put to the test when they're prompted to work together. Later in the series, he lives together with Mowgli in his hut. In the English version, Kichi is referred to as a male. In the German version, Kichi is called Kiki. The confusion is due to the fact that the character was voiced by a woman in the Japanese version, a common practice in animation voice work for younger or cute characters.

===Supporting characters===
[[File:Jungle Book Shonen Family Tree.jpg|300px|thumb|The family of the Seeonee wolf pack]]
* '''Seeonee Wolf Pack''' - the [[Indian wolf]] pack that adopted Mowgli.
** '''[[Akela (The Jungle Book)|Akela]]''' - the leader of the pack, notably when Mowgli is first adopted into the pack and during most of Mowgli's younger days. His coat is mostly a dark, bluish-grey hue, with a lighter shade of those colors for his eyebrows and the thicker fur on his upper body. He is very old but very knowledgeable, and is forced out of his retirement after Alexander died. Later, he serves as Luri's consultant or advisor when she takes over as pack leader. Near the series' finale, Akela would pass away by the wounds sustained from hyenas.
** '''[[List of The Jungle Book characters#Rama|Alexander]]''' - Mowgli's wolf father, Luri's mate, and the biological father of Akru and Sura. He is blue/black furred. He becomes leader of the wolf pack when Akela chooses to retire. He has a fight with Vermillion, despite being unwilling to do so, to determine the successor to Akela's leadership, in accordance with the Law of the Jungle. During a fire that grazes the forest, Alexander dies defending his pack from Shere Khan.
** '''[[Raksha (The Jungle Book)|Luri]]''' - Alexander's widow, Mowgli's wolf mother and the biological mother of Akru and Sura. Beige furred. She later becomes the official new leader of the pack and the first female leader of the pack when Akela steps down from his position once again, after originally asking Mowgli to convince Vermillion if he'd accept the request of leading. She came up with the plan of getting an ex-member of the pack named Grizzle exiled from it again, this time along with his gang, without having to battle. She is stern and protective, but also wise and kind, demonstrating great leadership skills.
** '''Akru and Sura''' - the sons of Alexander and Luri and Mowgli's wolf brothers. Akru has brown fur, as well as some of his mother's beige fur, while Sura's is blue and black, like his father. They are only cubs when Mowgli is first adopted by the wolf couple but are fully grown in subsequent episodes. They are both very close to Mowgli and stay that way throughout the series, even after they leave home and find mates. Akru is loving and protective but has a tendency to not always look before he leaps, whereas Sura tends to be calmer and more collective. In the French version of the show, Akru was actually female and Mowgli's wolf sister; this later became a problem when the character becomes mates with Maki, and due to his voice actor being a woman, many mistook Sura as female in the English version initially. Sura's efforts to court Lala are, at first, incorrect, but in episode 24, he proves his worthiness to her by keeping a trio of crocodiles away from her long enough for Baloo to finish them. In the ninth episode, Akru was briefly exiled from the pack, but re-welcomed after Mowgli conjures a remedy to ease his injuries. Sura becomes a father of two cubs, making Akru and Mowgli uncles.
** '''Vermillion''' - Lala's father and Alexander's great friend. He competes with Alexander to be the next leader of the pack, when his father, Akela, chooses to step down. He acquires a scar on his left eye afterwards. His fur is red in color. It is later revealed that they had also fought previously to decide which one would marry Luri. He later moves away, apparently leaving his daughter behind, and becomes the leader of a pack of wolves in a rocky desert area.
** '''Bacchus''' - a fat wolf who can never hunt properly. He is more fitted to babysitting the wolf cubs. He appears more often in the first half of the series, and is occasionally used for comic relief. He is mentioned later on however, when everyone was discussing the topic of a new leader (one of the wolves said Bacchus should lead the pack, much to some of the other wolves' dismay), though no further mention of him occurs after that.
** '''Fargas''' - an old wolf who was saved by Alexander from a pack of [[dhole]]s. His fur is pale blue (or fully white). He steals food from the pack's storage in his first few appearances due to apparently being brainwashed by demons; he soon leaves on a journey after being purified by Bagheera, and has not returned since.
** '''[[List of The Jungle Book characters#Leela|Lala]]''' - Vermillion's daughter and Akela's granddaughter. She has orange fur, though slightly lighter than her father's. She acts like a tomboy early in the series, and refuses to accept Mowgli as a member of the pack. Later in the series, she matures and becomes more fond of Mowgli, even developing a crush on him, as seen in the episode "Mowgli Has a Sweetheart". She soon switches to Sura when he keeps a trio of crocodiles away from her. By the end of the series, she and Sura are the parents of two cubs, one of whom is given the name Rusty in the English dub.
** '''Sandah/Thunder''' - a young male wolf from Vermillion's pack. He is navy blue in colour. Sandah hates the humans after they killed his sister, Dulia and resents Mowgli for being a human. He eventually comes to terms with him, and even though he leaves with Vermillion and his pack, he and Mowgli appear to share a close camaraderie. Sandah seems to be a lieutenant, or beta wolf, to Vermillion. Certain translations portray him as female.
** '''Maki''' - a golden-yellow and cream, female wolf and Akru's love interest. Maki is a great singer and, at one point, she's seen giving singing lessons to Akru. She is a minor character and appears very late in the series. In the German version she was actually male, due to the fact that Akru was female in that version of the show. She still retained her feminine looks though.
* '''[[Rikki-Tikki-Tavi]]''' - based on the character from the ''Jungle Book'' story of the same name, Rikki-Tikki is the pet [[Indian mongoose]] of Jumeirah and her family. He exhibits a similar protection towards her and her family as he did to the English family in the original short story, and extends this protective behavior to Mowgli. Rikki-Tikki kills Buldeo's pet [[Indian cobra]] after it tries to attack Mowgli in the middle of the night and later alerts Mowgli that Jumeirah and her family have been holed up by the villagers.
* '''[[Hathi]]''' - the great [[Indian elephant]] who serves as the ruler of the whole forest of Seeonee. He is usually seen accompanied by his two sons. Hathi first appeared in the series proclaiming the Water Truce at the Peace Rock during a drought and told the animals the story of [[The Second Jungle Book#Contents of The Second Jungle Book|How Fear Came]]. Hathi shows up occasionally afterwards, appearing once to help drive Grizzle away, another time to help raze the village, again to show Mowgli the Elephant Dance, and one final time in the series finale when the animals bid Mowgli farewell.
* '''Chil''' - a [[Brahminy kite]] who served as the messenger for Akela's pack and Hathi.
* '''Linda''' - a benevolent English girl (although in the American dub, neither her nor her dad speak with English accents) who adopts Bagheera as a cub and keeps as a pet. Bagheera tells Mowgli a story about her and we meet her through flashback sequences. She has a love for not just any animal, but him especially it seems. She also seems to have a grand understanding of animals through some connection. When her father attempts to whip Bagheera while Linda gives the cat milk, she defends him by shielding him and is slightly injured when he accidentally whips her instead, when she gets in the way. When her father confronts her and Bagheera again and tries shooting him, Linda makes another attempt to protect him by letting him out of his cage and setting him free. As he escapes to safety, she leaps in front of her father and takes the bullets; her exact fate is unknown, as Bagheera never found out if she survived or not.
* '''Bougi/Rahhar''' - Meshua/Jumeirah's maternal grandfather and Mari's father who Mowgli meets before meeting his granddaughter, daughter and son-in-law. He meets Mowgli when he comes across a trap/hole in which Mowgli fell. Mowgli isn't sure whether he can trust him at first because of all the stories and reputation about humans, and their history with animals, but comes to accepting Bougi's offer to help when he heals him and gives him food. He turns out to be genuinely kind-hearted. Bougi is later slashed in the back by Shere Khan, defending Mowgli and Meshua from the tiger but eventually recovers and survives. Bougi's name in the English adaptation is Rahhar.
* '''Mari/Meshua''' - Meshua/Jumeirah's mother, Bougi/Rahhar's daughter and Nil/ Sanjay's wife. When the family first meet Mowgli, Mari mistakes Mowgli for her son Keshnu, but despite the fact that it's not really him, she still treats him as if he were one of her own and he grows on her instantly. She comes to love Mowgli so much so that she desperately wishes and prefers that he not take on Shere Khan. Mari's name is changed to Meshua (Jumeirah's original name in the Japanese variant) for the English dub.
* '''Nil/Sanjay''' - Meshua/Jumeirah's father, Mari/Meshua's husband and Bougi/Anwar's son-in-law. Like the other family members, he eats up Mowgli right away. When the family is kidnapped and held captive, Mowgli rescues them and helps them escape, one way of which is by saving them from the other villagers and he has his animal friends guide them to another town when the animals destroy the residents' homes. Later, in the middle of their trek, Nil succumbs to pneumonia. Nil is renamed Sanjay in the English translation.
* '''Meshua/Jumeirah''' - a girl to whom Mowgli takes a liking late in the series. Her grandfather originally found Mowgli when the boy was on his own from his wolf pack, saying the boy reminded him of his grandson. Though Mowgli chooses to remain in the jungle at this time, he does meet his human friend later, along with Meshua. Meshua's family later adopt Mowgli into their family as their new son, since their other son had died. Her name is Jumeirah in the English version.

===Villains===
* '''[[Shere Khan]]''' - a [[Bengal tiger]] who is the main [[antagonist]] of the series. Cruel and cunning, rebellious and menacing, he violates many Laws of the Jungle including eating humans, eating the human's cattle, and over-hunting. He's also fearless of most things except that he's a pyrophobe (or one who fears fire), he's frightened by guns and he withdraws when it comes to Hathi taking action. His loathing for humans is part of a history that goes back to his first ancestor's encounter with one. The injury on his right hind leg is dealt by Alexander in a fight. Later, other injuries he'd receive include a piercing being made in his forehead after Mowgli attacks him with a long, narrow, sharp-edged rock; the wound over his left eye being made, again by Mowgli, slashing it with a blade in requital for slashing Mowgli's left thigh and harming one of his new human friends/future family members, leaving the tiger disfigured. In the last showdown, Mowgli defeats and slays Shere Khan.
* '''[[List of The Jungle Book characters#Tabaqui|Tabaqui]]''' - Shere Khan's sidekick. Unlike the other versions of ''Jungle Book'', he is a bungling [[striped hyena]] (yet he is still referred to as a [[Golden jackal|jackal]] as he was in the original story) who never seems to get anything right. He's also notorious for being idle, greedy, incompetent, conniving, dimwitted, dastardly and chatty. Later, he and another hyena meet their defeat when Mowgli and Shere Khan go against each other once more and both hyenas are gored by water buffaloes. It is unknown if they died from being gored or merely fainted and later fled the scene.
* '''Louis/Alba''' - a [[bonnet macaque]] largely covered with white fur (except for his face, hands and feet), the leader of the other monkeys (who are mostly covered with apricot or peach-colored fur) and the principal lackey/tipster to Shere Khan. They also work for the tiger. Louis and the other monkeys constantly wreak havoc in the jungle and heckle the denizens. They are based on the [[Bandar-log]] from the stories. After Louis convinces and lures Mowgli away by telling him that he knows of a place where he can take him to learn more about the boy's kind, he and the other monkeys formed links or chains and carried Mowgli across the jungle to a temple (also known as "The Cold Lair"), where the boy learns about it having once been occupied by humans and how they showed their negative side, and qualities, when it came to greed for treasure, as they searched for it in the edifice. Some also tricked Kichi into playing with them as an attempt to draw her/him into Shere Khan's clutches, and the monkeys also bother Mowgli again when the wolves act coldly towards him, and later destroy his hut. He, along with several, other monkeys, harass Mowgli and demolish his hut under the order of Grizzle the wolf. He is eventually caught and confronted by Mowgli, Bagheera, Baloo and Kaa, who warns him to put an end to that and turn down any other instructions Shere Khan may give him. Following this encounter, the monkeys in league with Shere Khan flee whenever they see Mowgli, and they (or a similar band of monkeys) make their final appearance kidnapping Jumeirah, dropping her and fleeing when Mowgli comes to her rescue. Louis is known as Alba in the English dub.
* '''Grizzle/Bunto''' - a wolf with beige (or grey, as he appears in some scenes) fur and a dark brown blotch around his left eye, a follower of Shere Khan and former member of Akela's pack. He has the distinction of being the only wolf in the series with any markings on his face and is also missing a large portion of his left ear. He was once a good wolf who had gone bad and got kicked out years ago for not abiding by the law of the jungle, which has since made him bitter as a result, and turned to the dark side after meeting Shere Khan, who put him up to getting revenge for his banishment. Grizzle was the leader of a gang and accompanied by two other lupines, who were also his henchmen. Later, after a battle with Mowgli's friends and some of the other wolves, Grizzle is slain by Mowgli, who stabs him in the jugular with a stone-knife. Bunto is Grizzle's name in the Japanese and German versions.
** '''Kim/Dusty & Sargah/Jocko''' - two wolves whom end up in league with Grizzle and his cronies. The two decide to overthrow Akela so Jocko himself can become leader of the pack. They are father and son, Jocko being the parent, who has a dark blue/light blue hue, and Dusty is his offspring, who is dark grey/beige. Being wide-eyed (literally and figuratively), both are also credulous. Jocko isn't very courageous, being rather skittish and nebbish (Dusty also seems to get his usual deportment from him apparently). In the Japanese version, their names were originally Kim & Sargah.
* '''[[Dhole]]s''' - marauding red dogs who live in the jungle. Mowgli first encounters a few when they enter Rahhar's campsite where he is. They drive them off by making noise via banging on pots and pans. Later, Mowgli gets rid of a larger number of them driven into the jungle by drought by luring them to a beehive and they're chased off by the swarm of bees. To escape them, they jump into a river, then when they swim their way out of it, they're mauled to death by the wolves.
* '''Linda's Father''' - a selfish, malevolent and commercially minded game hunter who is only out for his own personal gain, determined to claim Bagheera as his prize and constantly stops at nothing to get him. He always mistreats the feline sadistically if and when disobedient, like when Bagheera wouldn't eat the meat that was presented to him. But after several attempts, they're always thwarted by his daughter, who incessantly interferes with his goal, until she sacrifices herself and is hit by the gunshots.
* '''Buldeo''' - an old hunter from the village who always tells tall tales about his supposed encounters with the jungle animals. After one story involving the tiger Shere Khan that he tells the other villagers, Mowgli begs to differ and refutes it when he sets out, and attempts to have the final showdown with Shere Khan. After Mowgli slays Shere Khan and returns to the village with the tiger skin, Buldeo, whom was foiled in his attempt to take the pelt for himself, convinces the other villagers that Mowgli is a sorcerer. Especially after Buldeo, some other men, and boys observe his ability to call his animal friends seemingly through the will of magic and they turn against Mowgli (except for his newfound, adoptive, human family). He thereafter organizes against Mowgli's adoptive family, trying to frame them as sorcerers and witches through their association with Mowgli, using it as a cover-up to get their land and wealth, even attempting to hunt Mowgli with Riswan. Their attempts to do both are foiled, however, by Mowgli and his animal friends, who leave them stranded in fear far from the village and free Jumeirah and her family. Later, when the village is attacked by the animals, Buldeo tries to shoot Bagheera, Sura and Akru. Mowgli then grabs Buldeo's rifle as the hunter pleads for the boy to not harm him as Mowgli then breaks the rifle, scaring Buldeo away. After that, Buldeo is not seen again, but is mentioned by several villagers as well as Riswan, leaving his fate ultimately unknown.
* '''Ganshum''' - Buldeo's grandson, who along with several other boys, pick on Mowgli for being the new kid in the village and spreads rumors about the jungle boy being under some kind of spell. He gets his malevolence from his granddad and joins him and other men, and boys, in searching for the village's missing buffalo herd, as well as partaking in the kidnapping of Rahhar, Sanjay, Meshua, and Jumeirah. Ganshum is not seen again after Mowgli helps Jumeirah and her family escape, but it can be presumed that he fled with the other villagers following the animal attack on the village. His name in the English version is Ganshum, but it's unknown if this is his name in the original Japanese version or in other dubs of the series.
* '''Abdullah''' - the village headman who bands with Buldeo, Riswan and several others to frame Jumeirah and her family for witchcraft and steal their possessions. Abdullah was last seen fleeing from the village with a water buffalo in pursuit when the animals came and destroyed the villagers' homes.
* '''Riswan/Gallo''' - Buldeo's friend and another man from the village who'd later cross paths with Mowgli the second time. He convinces Mowgli to let bygones be bygones for what he tried to pull on him earlier and invite him to have some food and a drink, without any need to heed cautious suspicion, but it turns out to be a trick, as Riswan laced Mowgli's drink with a sedative, and two other men plan to sell Mowgli to a circus. He is one of the few villains in the series to succeed with his goal, as he manages to get away with selling Mowgli to the circus. His name is Gallo in the German version, but it's uncertain whether it's the same in the Japanese version as well.
* '''John J. Hargreaves''' - the white, English owner of the [[Bombay]] circus to whom Riswan sells Mowgli. He is initially skeptical of Riswan's story of Mowgli, and ponders putting him to work instead of using him as an act. Mowgli hatches his plan for escape, and he outwits Hargreaves and his two hounds, battling them on his way to freedom, showing Hargreaves that Riswan was indeed right about Mowgli's capabilities as the boy escapes.

==Episodes==
{{main|List of Jungle Book Shōnen Mowgli episodes}}

<onlyinclude>
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align: center;"
|-
! scope="col" style="padding:0 8px;" rowspan="2" colspan="2"| Season
! scope="col" style="padding:0 8px;" rowspan="2"| Episodes
! scope="col" style="padding:0 80px;" colspan="2"| Originally aired
|-
! scope="col" | First aired
! scope="col" | Last aired
|-
| scope="row" style="background:#FFFFFF; color:#100;"|
| [[<includeonly>List of Jungle Book Shōnen Mowgli episodes</includeonly>#Season 1 (1989–90)|1]]
| 52
| {{Start date|1989|10|02|df=yes}}
| {{End date|1990|10|29|df=yes}}
|}
</onlyinclude>

==Voice cast==
===Japanese voice actors===
* [[Urara Takano]] - Mowgli
* [[Banjou Ginga]] - Baloo
* [[Hiroya Ishimaru]] - Bagheera
* [[Issei Futamata]] - Tabaqui
* [[Mari Yokoo]] - Luri
* [[Masaru Ikeda]] - Alexander
* [[Miki Itou]] - Kichi
* [[Shigezou Sasaoka]] - Shere Khan
* [[Yōko Matsuoka]] - Akru
* [[Yuusaku Yara]] - Vermillion
* [[Yuzuru Fujimoto]] - Akela
* [[Ai Orikasa]] - Lala
* [[Akiko Yajima]] - Meshua (a.k.a. Jumeirah)
* [[Akio Ohtsuka]] - Sandah
* Asami Mukaidono - Baloo's mother
* [[Bin Shimada]] - Nil (a.k.a. Sanjay)
* [[Daisuke Gouri]] - Hathi
* [[Eken Mine]] - Boggy
* [[Hideyuki Umezu]] - Dusty
* [[Ikuya Sawaki]] - Chill/Linda's Father
* [[Kazue Ikura]] - Kichi's mother
* [[Keaton Yamada]] - Kaa
* [[Kenichi Ogata (voice actor)|Kenichi Ogata]] - Buldeo
* [[Masahiro Anzai]] - Bacchus
* [[Masashi Hirose]] - Tha
* [[Michihiro Ikemizu]] - Mowgli's father
* [[Naoko Watanabe (voice actress)|Naoko Watanabe]] - Linda
* Norio Iwanoto - Bunto (a.k.a. Grizzle)
* [[Ryuuji Saikachi]] - Fargas
* [[Shigeru Nakahara]] - Sura
* Tomoko Numakata - Mowgli's mother
* [[You Yoshimura]] - Log
* Yuko Sasaki - Sally

===English voice actors===
* [[Julian Bailey (actor)|Julian Bailey]] - Mowgli
* A.J. Henderson - Baloo
* [[Arthur Grosser]] - Bagheera
* [[Pauline Little]] - Lala
* Sonja Ball - Sura
* [[Susan Glover|Suzanne Glover]] - Kichi
* [[Terrence Scammell (Canadian actor)|Terrence Scammell]] - Kaa, Tabaqui
* [[Walter Massey (actor)|Walter Massey]] - Akela, Alexander
* Jean Fontaine - Shere Khan
* [[Rick Jones (voice actor)|Rick Jones]] - Jocko, Dusty<ref name="behindthevoiceactors1">{{cite web|url=http://www.behindthevoiceactors.com/tv-shows/Jungle-Book-Shonen-Mowgli/side-by-side/ |title=Jungle Book Shonen Mowgli |publisher=Behind The Voice Actors |access-date=2015-10-21}}</ref>
* [[Kathleen Fee]] - Luri<ref name="behindthevoiceactors1"/>
* [[Vlasta Vrana]] - Grizzle

==Music==
The Japanese opening and closing themes, ''"Get UP ~Aio Shinjite~ (Get UP ~I Believe in Love~)"'' and ''"Chikyuu No Ko (地球の子 lit. "Child of the Earth")'' are sung by the Japanese vocalists Toshiya Igarashi and Shiori Hashimoto respectively. Music from the Japanese version of ''[[Grimm's Fairy Tale Classics]]'' was recycled for the anime.

The French version features similar opening and closing themes. The English opening and closing themes, ''"Wake Up"'' and ''"A Child is learning"'', are both sung by the American vocalist Suzi Marsh.

A song ''Jungle Jungle Baat Chali Hai'' (जंगल जंगल बात चली है) was created for Hindi dubbed version with original music by [[Vishal Bhardwaj]], lyrics by [[Gulzar]] and sung by Amol Sahdev.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Mishra |first1=Ambarish |last2=Devidaya |first2=Namita |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Gulzar-Man-Of-many-seasons/articleshow/4179967.cms |title=Gulzar: Man Of many seasons |publisher=Times of India |date=2009-02-24 |access-date=2017-07-11}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/mp/2002/07/16/stories/2002071600290400.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020928061306/http://thehindu.com/thehindu/mp/2002/07/16/stories/2002071600290400.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=2002-09-28 |title=On a new track |date=2002-07-16 |work=[[The Hindu]] |access-date=2017-07-11}}</ref>

==Home media==
In 1990, Strand VCI Entertainment released only the first seventeen episodes separately on [[VHS]] under the title of ''The Jungle Book''. Distributed by Nippon Video, they are now [[out-of-print]], but under its original title, the show has been released as a couple of [[DVD]] box sets of the entire series in Japan, and as select individual episodes on four DVDs (two episodes per DVD) in Australia.

In India, the entire series has been released as an eight-volume DVD box set in English and Hindi separately by Eagle Home Entertainment. An Italian dub was released in 1991<ref>{{Cite web |last=Genna |first=Antonio |title=AntonioGenna.net presenta: IL MONDO DEI DOPPIATORI - ZONA ANIMAZIONE: "Il libro della giungla" (1989) |url=https://www.antoniogenna.net/doppiaggio/anim/illibrodellagiungla.htm |access-date=2026-03-30 |website=www.antoniogenna.net |language=it}}</ref>. These are the few international nations (probably as far as they are known to date) in which the series has been brought to DVD.

In [[Philippines]], An early VCDs and DVDs box set, the logo has used "Nippon Animation" seen on Epiphany Video and Heartshaper Video Philippines (Lighthouse Educational Corp) released in 2007 and 2010. (An unusual Christian film)

A couple releases in the [[United States]] by [[Shout! Factory]], one a single disc under the title ''The Jungle Book: Adventures of Mowgli – The Beginning'' and the other a six-disc collection of the whole series titled ''The Jungle Book: Adventures of Mowgli – Complete Collection'' were released on June 18, 2013. They feature high-quality recordings of the English dub. As of 2021, both DVDs are out-of-print.

==VHS collections==
The titles of volumes which collected multiple episodes of some of the 52 episodes on VHS tapes include but are not limited to
#"Mowgli Begins Life in the Jungle" (75 minutes) aka "Volume 1"
#"Laws of the Jungle" (75 minutes) aka "Volume 2"

*"A Girlfriend for Mowgli" (89 minutes)<ref>https://www.amazon.com/Jungle-Book-Girlfriend-Mowgli/dp/B09KFMM92P</ref><ref>https://apps.microsoft.com/detail/xm8d6kgwxzsfdt?hl=en-US&gl=US</ref>
*"A New Friend"
*"A Trip of Adventure" (over 69 minutes)
*"Alexander's Son"
*"An Old Wolf's Visit"
*"Big Time Video" (96 minutes)
*"Chilly Woods"
*"Mowgli Comes to the Jungle"
*"Sorry, Baloo!"
*"Video Funpack" (25 minutes)

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|0283750}}
* {{anime News Network|anime|1722}}

{{The Jungle Book}}
{{Nippon Animation}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Jungle Book (1989 TV series), The}}
[[Category:Television shows based on The Jungle Book]]
[[Category:1989 anime television series debuts]]
[[Category:Action anime and manga]]
[[Category:Adventure anime and manga]]
[[Category:Drama anime and manga]]
[[Category:Anime and manga set in India]]
[[Category:Animated television series about orphans]]
[[Category:Animated television series about bears]]
[[Category:Animated television series about cats]]
[[Category:Japanese children's animated action television series]]
[[Category:Japanese children's animated adventure television series]]
[[Category:Italian children's animated action television series]]
[[Category:Italian children's animated adventure television series]]
[[Category:Television series about snakes]]
[[Category:Animated television series about wolves]]
[[Category:Television series about tigers]]
[[Category:Television shows about death]]
[[Category:Television shows set in jungles]]
[[Category:Animated television series set in India]]
[[Category:Television shows set in the British Raj]]
[[Category:TV Tokyo original programming]]
[[Category:Nippon Animation]]
[[Category:Rete 4 original programming]]

Azhaganantham

2026-05-07T09:32:28Z

WernerStoate3: created a info needs work

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2026}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Azhaganantham
| office = Member of the [[Puducherry Legislative Assembly]]
| constituency = [[Kadirkamam Assembly constituency|Kadirkamam]]
| predecessor = N. S. J. Jayabal
| term_start = 2026
| party = Independent
| profession = Politician
}}
'''Azhaganantham''' is an Indian politician serving as a Member of the [[Puducherry Legislative Assembly]] from the [[Kadirkamam Assembly constituency|Kadirkamam]] constituency. He was elected as an independent candidate in the [[2026 Puducherry Legislative Assembly election]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Azhagu Alias Azhaganantham(Independent(IND)):Constituency- KADIRGAMAM(PUDUCHERRY) - Affidavit Information of Candidate: |url=https://www.myneta.info/Puducherry2026/candidate.php?candidate_id=256 |access-date=2026-05-06 |website=www.myneta.info}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=S. AZHAGANANTHAM |url=https://pyinfo.in/candidates/s-azhaganantham/ |access-date=2026-05-06 |website=Pondicherry Information Bulletin |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2026-05-04 |title=Kadirgamam election results 2026: Independent candidate Azhaganantham wins defeats AINRC’s S Ramesh by 7,004 votes |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/kadirgamam-election-results-2026/articleshow/130576896.cms |access-date=2026-05-06 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Azhaganantham}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Independent politicians in India]]
[[Category:Members of the Puducherry Legislative Assembly]]
[[Category:Pondicherry MLAs 2026–2031]]

Tibetan fox

2026-05-06T03:25:52Z

WernerStoate3: new info

{{Short description|Species of true fox}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2020}}
{{Speciesbox
| name = Tibetan fox
| image = Vulpes ferrilata.jpg
| status = LC
| status_system = IUCN3.1
| status_ref = <ref name=iucn>{{cite iucn |author=Harris, R. |date=2014 |title=''Vulpes ferrilata'' |volume=2014 |article-number=e.T23061A46179412 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2014-3.RLTS.T23061A46179412.en |access-date=19 November 2021}}</ref>
| genus = Vulpes
| species = ferrilata<ref name=msw3>{{MSW3 Wozencraft |id=14000872 |heading=Species ''Vulpes ferrilata''}}</ref>
| authority = [[Brian Houghton Hodgson|Hodgson]], 1842<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Hodgson|first1=B. H. |title=Notice of the Mammals of Tibet, with Descriptions and Plates of some new Species |journal=Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal |date=1842 |volume=11 |issue=124 |pages=278–279 |url=https://archive.org/details/journalofasiatic111asia/page/278}}</ref>
| range_map = Tibetan Fox area.png
| range_map_caption = Tibetan fox range
| synonyms = * ''Vulpes ferrilatus''
* ''Vulpes ekloni'' (Przewalski, 1883)
* ''Canis ferrilatus''
* ''Canis ekloni''
* ''Neocyon ferrilatus''
* ''Neocyon ekloni''
}}

The '''Tibetan fox''' ('''''Vulpes ferrilata'''''), also known as the '''Tibetan sand fox''', is a [[species]] of [[Vulpes|true fox]] [[endemic]] to the high [[Tibetan Plateau]] and [[Bhutan]], [[China]], [[India]] and [[Nepal]] up to elevations of about {{cvt|5300|m}}. It is listed as [[Least Concern]] in the [[IUCN Red List]], on account of its widespread range in the Tibetan Plateau's steppes and semi-deserts.<ref name=iucn/>

== Characteristics ==
[[File:Vulpes ferrilata 367800858 (cropped).jpg|thumb|Tibetan fox with prey in China]]
The Tibetan fox has a soft and dense [[rufous]] coloured coat from the crown, neck, back to the lower legs. Its muzzle is narrow, its cheeks, flanks, upper legs and rumps are grey, and its bushy tail has white tips. The short ears are tan to greyish tan on the back, while the insides and undersides are white.<ref name=Sillero-Zubiri2004/> Adult Tibetan foxes are {{cvt|60|to|70|cm}}, not including tail, and have tail lengths of {{cvt|29|to|40|cm}}. Weights of adults are usually {{cvt|4|to|5.5|kg}}.<ref name=Harris>{{cite journal |author=Harris, R. B. |author2=Wang, Z. H. |author3=Zhou, J. K. |author4=Liu, Q. X. |name-list-style=amp |year=2008 |title=Notes on biology of the Tibetan fox (''Vulpes ferrilata'') |journal=Canid News |volume=11 |pages=1–7 |url=http://www.canids.org/canidnews/11/Biology_of_Tibetan_fox.pdf}}</ref>
[[File:Side_view_of_a_Tibetan_Fox_skull.jpg|thumb|Side view of a Tibetan fox skull ]]
[[File:Top_view_of_a_Tibetan_Fox_skull.jpg|thumb|Top view of a Tibetan Fox skull ]]
[[File:Front_view_of_a_Tibetan_Fox_skull.jpg|thumb|Front view of a Tibetan fox skull]]
Among the true foxes, its skull is the most specialised in the direction of carnivory;<ref name=Heptner>{{Cite book |last1=Heptner|first1=V. G. |last2=Naumov|first2=N. P. |title=Mammals of the Soviet Union |volume=II Part 1a, Sirenia and Carnivora (Sea cows; Wolves and Bears) |publisher=Smithsonian Institution Libraries and The National Science Foundation |location=Washington, D.C. |orig-date=1967 |year=1998 |chapter=Genus ''Vulpes'' Oken, 1816 |pages=385–570 |chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/mammalsofsov211998gept/page/388}}</ref> it is longer in the condylobasal length, and in [[mandible]] and cheek tooth length, than those of hill foxes. Its cranial region is shorter than that of hill foxes, and the [[zygomatic arch]]es narrower. Its jaws are also much narrower, and the forehead concave. Its [[canine teeth]] are also much longer than those of hill foxes.<ref name=Pocock1941>{{Cite book|last=Pocock|first=R. I.|title=Fauna of British India: Mammals|publisher=Taylor and Francis |year=1941 |volume=2 |location=London |pages=140–146 |chapter=''Vulpes ferrilata'' Hodgson. The Tibetan Sand Fox |chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/PocockMammalia2/page/n157}}</ref>

== Distribution and habitat ==
The Tibetan fox is restricted to the [[Tibetan Plateau]] in western China and the [[Ladakh]] plateau and [[Sikkim]] in India. It occurs north of the [[Himalayas]] in the northernmost border regions of Nepal and India, across [[Tibet]], and in parts of the Chinese provinces of [[Qinghai]], [[Gansu]], [[Xinjiang]], [[Yunnan]] and [[Sichuan]].<ref name=iucn/> It primarily inhabits semi-arid to arid grasslands, well away from humans or from heavy vegetation cover. It lives in upland plains and hills from {{cvt|3500|to|5200|m}} elevation, and has occasionally been sighted at elevations of around {{cvt|2500|m}}.<ref name=Clark2008>{{cite journal |author1=Clark, H. O. |author2=Newman, D. P. |author3=Murdoch, J. D. |author4=Tseng, J. |author5=Wang, Z. H. |author6=Harris, R. B. |name-list-style=amp |year=2008 |title=''Vulpes ferrilata'' (Carnivora: Canidae) |journal=Mammalian Species |pages=1–6 |issue=821 |doi=10.1644/821.1 |doi-access=free}}</ref>

Due to the generalized nature of the Tibetan fox, its distribution has been greatly affected by [[climate change]]. Due to the rising temperatures of the Tibetan Plateau, its suitable habitat has shifted towards higher elevations on the plateau. This has caused its range to further overlap with the [[red fox]] (''Vulpes vulpes'') and increased the competition between the two species.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Zhang |first=J. |last2=Jiang |first2=F. |last3=Gao |first3=H. |last4=Gu |first4=H. |last5=Song |first5=P. |last6=Zhang |first6=T. |date=2025 |title=Dynamics of suitable habitats for typical predators and prey on the Qinghai‐Tibet Plateau driven by climate change: A case study of Tibetan Fox, Red Fox, and Plateau Pika |journal=Ecology and Evolution |volume=15 |issue=4 |page=e71295 |doi=10.1002/ece3.71295 |pmc=12008021 |pmid=40256266}}</ref>

== Behaviour and ecology ==
The Tibetan fox primarily preys on [[plateau pika]]s, followed by [[rodent]]s, [[marmot]]s, [[woolly hare]]s, [[rabbit]]s, small ground [[bird]]s and [[lizard]]s.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Vulpes_ferrilata/|title=Vulpes ferrilata (Tibetan fox)|first=Melissa|last=Borgwat|website=Animal Diversity Web|access-date=6 April 2023}}</ref> It also scavenges on the carcasses of [[Tibetan antelope]]s, [[musk deer]], [[blue sheep]] and livestock. Tibetan foxes are mostly solitary, daytime hunters as their main prey, pikas, are diurnal.<ref name=Sillero-Zubiri2004>{{Cite book |last1=Sillero-Zubiri|first1=C. |last2=Hoffman|first2=M. |last3=MacDonald|first3=D. W. |title=Canids: Foxes, Wolves, Jackals and Dogs - 2004 Status Survey and Conservation Action Plan |chapter=Tibetan Fox |chapter-url=http://www.canids.org/species/Tibetan_fox.pdf |publisher=IUCN/SSC Canid Specialist Group |year=2004 |isbn=2-8317-0786-2|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060708071516/http://canids.org/species/Tibetan_fox.pdf|archive-date=2006-07-08}}</ref> Tibetan foxes may form [[Commensalism|commensal]] relationships with [[brown bear]]s during hunts for pikas. The bears dig out the pikas, and the foxes grab them when they escape the bears.<ref name="Harris"/>

Mated pairs remain together and may also hunt together.<ref name=Liu>{{cite journal | author = Liu, Q.X. | author2 = R. B. Harris | author3 = X.M. Wang | author4 = Z.H. Wang | name-list-style = amp | year = 2007 | title = Home range size and overlap of Tibetan foxes (''Vulpes ferrilata'') in Dulan County, Qinghai Province | journal = Acta Theriologica Sinica | volume = 27 | pages = 370–75|language=zh}}</ref> After a [[gestation period]] of about 50 to 60 days, two to four young are born in a [[Burrow|den]], and stay with the parents until they are eight to ten months old.<ref name=Clark2008/> Their burrows are made at the base of boulders, at old beach lines and low slopes. Dens may have four entrances, with entrances being {{convert|25|–|35|cm|abbr=on}} in diameter.<ref name=Sillero-Zubiri2004/>

=== Diseases and parasites ===
Tibetan foxes in the [[Sêrxü County]] of China's [[Sichuan]] province are heavily infected with ''[[Echinococcus]]'', while foxes in western Sichuan are definitive hosts of [[alveolar hydatid disease]].<ref name=Sillero-Zubiri2004/>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
{{commons category|Vulpes ferrilata}}

{{Carnivora|Ca.}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q319070}}

[[Category:Vulpes|Tibetan fox]]
[[Category:Mammals of Tibet]]
[[Category:Mammals of Nepal]]
[[Category:Mammals of India]]
[[Category:Mammals of Bhutan]]
[[Category:Fauna of Ladakh]]
[[Category:Fauna of Sikkim]]
[[Category:Mammals described in 1842|Tibetan fox]]
[[Category:Taxa named by Brian Houghton Hodgson]]

Anoop Kumar Mittal

2026-05-01T06:51:01Z

WernerStoate3: created initial biography w/ refs.

{{resume-like|date=May 2022}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2022}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Dr. Anoop Kumar Mittal
| image = Anoop Kumar Mittal (cropped to square).jpg
| caption =
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1960|01|05|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Rajasthan]], [[India]]
| alma_mater = BE (Civil), [[Thapar University]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Education |url=http://nbccindia.gov.in/nbccindia/public/jsp_pub/board_diretor.jsp |publisher=NBCC Ltd. |accessdate=17 January 2015 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150122061542/http://nbccindia.gov.in/nbccindia/public/jsp_pub/board_diretor.jsp |archivedate=22 January 2015 }}</ref>
| occupation = Former Chairman-cum-Managing Director, [[National Buildings Construction Corporation Limited]]
}}

'''Anoop Kumar Mittal''' was the Former Chairman and Managing Director (CMD) of [[NBCC (India) Limited|NBCC]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.businesstoday.in/top-story/nbcc-chair-anoop-mittal-relinquishes-post-after-government-denies-extension/story/334568.html|title=NBCC' Chair Anoop Mittal relinquishes post after government denies extension|date=5 April 2019}}</ref><ref name="Profile">{{Cite web|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/research/stocks/people/person.asp?personId=144068253&privcapId=9663761|title=NBCC Executive Profile|last=|first=|date=|work=Bloomberg|access-date=}}</ref> responsible for overseeing policy and strategic decision making of the company. His career at NBCC spans over 30 years. Prior to his appointment as the CMD in 2013, Mittal was Director of Projects division in NBCC.

In 1978, he attended Thapar Institute of Engineering & Technology, Punjab, to pursue Bachelor's degree in Civil Engineering.<ref name="Interview">{{Cite web|url=https://www.thestatesman.com/opinion/we-are-trying-to-transplant-trees-1502674519.html|title=The Statesman Interview|last=|first=|date=17 August 2018|work=The Statesman|access-date=}}</ref> In recognition of his work in civil and construction engineering, he was conferred with the title of Doctor of Philosophy (Honoris Causa) by the Chancellor, [[Singhania University]], Rajasthan in 2013.

Under Mittal's leadership, NBCC has adopted innovation in construction processes while developing sustainable residential, commercial, institutional and office projects while also nearly doubling its turnover to Rs 7,096 crore.

== Career ==
Mittal began his career in 1982 with M/s [[Shapoorji Pallonji Group|Shapoorji Pallonji & Co. Ltd]], a civil engineering organization in the construction sector.

He joined NBCC in 1985 and by 1999, as Deputy General Manager, he led the construction of first [[Delhi Metro Rail Corporation|DMRC]] Metro Station in [[Seelampur metro station|Seelampur]]. He rose quickly through the ranks, becoming the Head of the Strategic Business Group in 2006. He spearheaded projects across the country, including solid waste management projects, environmental projects under AMRUT and defence housing projects in 12 cantonments. In 2010 as the Executive Director (Engg.) and Head of Business Development, his initiative secured INR 7,000 crore worth of new works to NBCC – an all-time high in the company by a single incumbent.

He also supervised projects in the Republic of Maldives being funded by Ministry of External Affairs, Govt. of India. Upon assuming office of Director (Projects) in 2011, he became responsible for the execution and implementation of projects both at home and overseas. Mittal was appointed CMD on 1 April 2013. Under his leadership, NBCC achieved 'Navratna' Central Public Sector Enterprise status and nearly doubled its turnover from Rs 3,348 crore in 2012-13 to Rs 7,096 crore in 2017-18. The profit after tax stands at Rs 372.14 crore as on 31 March 2018.

The order pipeline stands at almost Rs 80,000 crore as on 31 March 2018. His innovative business strategies to ensure operational efficiency and faster growth led NBCC to set up subsidiaries such as NBCC Services Ltd, NBCC International Ltd, NBCC Engineering and Consultancy Ltd and NBCC Environment Engineering Ltd. Mittal has steered functional, structural and policy reforms for NBCC’s overall growth and aligned the organization with national flagship schemes like Smart Cities Mission, Housing for All, Skill India Mission, Swachh Bharat Abhiyan, and Namami Gange.

After retiring from NBCC, Anoop Kumar Mittal became involved with the trust responsible for designing and constructing the Shree Ram Temple in Ayodhya. The trust sought his help<ref>{{Cite news |title=Trust seeks private help to design Ram temple |work=The Economic Times |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/trust-seeks-private-help-to-design-ram-temple/articleshow/74432785.cms}}</ref>

== Controversy ==
Anoop Kumar Mittal was mentioned in a complaint filed by the [[Central Bureau of Investigation]] (CBI) regarding the [[Pragati Maidan]] redevelopment project worth around Rs 2,100 crore.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Standard |first=Business |date=2018-08-09 |title=NBCC anti-graft chief gets extension after clean chit to his PSU boss |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/current-affairs/nbcc-anti-graft-chief-gets-extension-after-clean-chit-to-his-psu-boss-118080901693_1.html |access-date=2023-06-07 |website=www.business-standard.com |language=en-US}}</ref> However, it is worth noting that during a meeting on March 8, NBCC's vigilance department informed its Board that the CBI chargesheet did not find any [[evidence]] against Mittal.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-03-26 |title=NBCC chief AK Mittal under CBI scanner gets his vigilance dept's clean chit, additional post |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/nbcc-chief-under-cbi-scanner-gets-his-vigilance-depts-clean-chit-additional-post-5111346/ |access-date=2023-06-07 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> This news brings some relief to Mittal, as it suggests that the allegations against him could not be substantiated. Mittal, an accomplished professional, continues to lead [[NBCC (India) Limited|NBCC]] with dedication and focus, ensuring the smooth progress of its important projects.

== Making NBCC a Green Builder ==

Mittal has driven NBCC’s efforts to be a sustainable builder that uses the latest available technology to reduce its impact on the environment. A few initiatives are:

*'''Redevelopment Model''': To meet the needs of adequate government housing infrastructure in urban areas by establishing a unique, self-sustainable redevelopment model that entails no financial burden on the exchequer. A few examples of this model are redevelopment of New Moti Bagh GPRA and ongoing projects at Delhi's East Kidwai Nagar and Nauroji Nagar.
*'''Induction Of Zero-Waste Concepts Including C&D Waste Management''': All solid municipal wastes are treated in environment friendly process at project site and converted into useful products without requiring disposal into landfills.
*A first-of-its-kind 'Plastic Waste to Fuel Treatment Plant' was installed at the New Moti Bagh GPRA Complex in New Delhi. The technology can treat all [[plastic waste]], including laminated plastics, plastic carry-bags, wafers and chips packets, chocolate wraps, and thermocol.
*'''Research Partnerships''': To meet the future challenges of the sector, NBCC has signed MoUs with [[IIT Roorkee|IIT-Roorkee]] to encourage research and development in building technologies. Additionally, Mittal has encouraged the adoption of new technologies such as dry and green construction in collaboration with leading foreign companies.

== Individual awards ==
In recognition of his work, Mittal has won several awards,<ref name="Awards">{{Cite web|url=https://enterpriseasia.org/apea/india/awards/in-2017/dr-anoop-kumar-mittal/|title=Enterprise Asia awards|last=|first=|date=|work=Enterprise Asia|access-date=}}</ref><ref name="Anoop Kumar Mittal Awards">{{Cite web|url=http://www.nbccindia.com/nbccindia/nroot/njsp/Awards.jsp|title=NBCC Awards|last=|first=|date=|work=NBCC India|access-date=}}</ref> including the SCOPE Leadership Excellence Award (individual leadership category – Maharatna and Navratna) 2014-15 and the Asia Pacific Entrepreneurship Award 2017 under construction industry segment (individual category).

The full list of awards includes:

*'''CEO of the Year 2018''': at its ‘Fore-Top Rankers Excellence Awards 2018’
*'''Asia Pacific Entrepreneurship Award 2017''': Construction Industry segment (Individual Category)
*'''SCOPE Excellence Award 2017''': (Individual Leadership Category - Maharatna/Navranta)
*'''Glimpses of Engineering Personalities 2016''': The Institution of Engineers (India)
*'''News Ink Legend PSU Shining Awards 2016''': Legend CMD Of The Year
*'''IGBC Green Champion 2016''': Indian Green Building Council
*'''The Bizz Award 2016''': World Confederation of Businesses, Texas (US)
*'''Pride of India Award 2016''': Institute of Economic Studies (IES)
*'''Life Time Achievement Award 2016''': Construction Times Magazine
*'''PSE Excellence Award''': Indian Chamber of Commerce CEO of The Year 2015
*'''CEO of the Year Award 2015''': World CSR Congress
*'''International Project Management Association Honorary Fellowship Award 2014 for excellence as a management professional'''

== Professional memberships ==
*'''Chairman''' : BRICS Chamber of Commerce and Industry (Term 2017-2020)
*'''Chairman''' : ASSOCHAM National Council on Public Sector Enterprises (March 2016 –till date)
*'''Chairman''' : CII Public Sector Enterprises Council (Term 2018-19)
*'''Life Member & Ex-President''': Delhi Management Association (DMA) (Term 2016-18)
*'''President''' : Indian Buildings Congress (IBC) (Term- 2018- 2019)
*'''Fellow & Chartered Engineer for Life''': The Institutions of Engineers (India)
*'''Member''' : Governing Council of Thapar Institute of Engineering & Technology
*'''Governing Council Member''' : Standing Conference of Public Enterprises (SCOPE)
*'''Governing Council Member''': International Road Federation (IFR) – India Chapter
*'''Governing Council Member''': Construction Skill Development Council (CSDC)
*'''National Executive Committee Member''': Federation of Indian Commerce and Industry (FICCI)
*'''Executive Committee Member''': Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS)
*'''Life Institutional Member''': All India Management Association (AIMA)
*'''Sr. Professional Engineer''': Engineering Council of India (ECI)
*'''Life Member''': Delhi Productivity Council (DPC)

== Personal life ==
Born at [[Bharatpur, Rajasthan]], Mittal is the elder of two sons. He enjoyed a strong relationship with his parents and was especially close to his mother, who died in 2012.

Mittal currently lives in [[Noida]] with his wife Asha and two children.

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* [http://www.nbccindia.com/nbccindia/nroot/njsp/BoardofDirectors.jsp Profile] at [[NBCC (India) Limited]]
* [http://www.bricscci.com/member-detail?url=dr-anoop-kumar-mittal Profile] at BRICS CCI
* [https://www.forbesindia.com/article/boardroom/nbcc-building-india-with-solid-and-timely-execution-of-projects/48445/1 News Coverage] at [[Forbes]]
* [https://www.business-standard.com/search?type=news&q=anoop+kumar+mittal Collective News and Coverage] at [[Business Standard]]
* [https://www.fortuneindia.com/topic/anoop-kumar-mittal Collective News and Coverage] at [[Fortune (magazine)]]
* [https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/topic/Anoop-Kumar-Mittal Collective News and Coverage] at [[The Economic Times]]

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Mittal, Anoop Kumar}}
[[Category:Indian civil engineers]]
[[Category:1960 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Engineers from Rajasthan]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian businesspeople]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian businesspeople]]

Mohammad Nubairshah Shaikh

2026-04-28T22:50:27Z

WernerStoate3: put up a data nd citations!

{{Short description|Indian chess player (born 1998)}}
{{Infobox chess player
|name=Mohammad Nubairshah Shaikh
|image=
|image_size=
|caption=
|country={{IND}}
|birth_date=1 January 1998
|birth_place=[[Beed]], [[Maharashtra]], India
|death_date=
|death_place=
|title=[[International Master]] (2016)
|rating=2391 (January 2026)
|peakrating=2461 (September 2022)
|FideID=5053196
}}

'''Mohammad Nubairshah Shaikh''' '''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mohammad Nubairshah Shaikh {{!}} Top Chess Players |url=https://www.chess.com/players/mohammad-nubairshah-shaikh |access-date=2023-01-05 |website=Chess.com |language=en-US}}</ref>''' (born 1 January 1998) is an Indian chess player who holds the title of [[International Master]] (IM) awarded by [[FIDE]] in 2016.<ref name=":5">{{Cite web |date=2016-09-02 |title=Aryan Chopra scores his final GM norm; Nubair & Viani become IMs - ChessBase India |url=https://www.chessbase.in/news/aryan-chopra-scores-his-final-norm |access-date=2023-01-05 |website=www.chessbase.in}}</ref><ref name=":0" /> He won the inaugural 1st [[SAARC]] Chess Championship (Open) in 2019,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-12-21 |title=IM Nubairshah Shaikh is the winner of 1st SAARC Chess Championship 2019 - ChessBase India |url=https://www.chessbase.in/news/IM-Nubairshah-Shaikh-is-the-winner-of-1st-SAARC-Chess-Championship-2019 |access-date=2023-01-05 |website=www.chessbase.in}}</ref> held in Bangladesh and successfully defended the title in 2023.<ref name=":1" />

In 2018, he received the [[Shiv Chhatrapati Award|Shiv Chhatrapati Sports State Award]] '''<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-02-18 |title=19 players from Maharashtra feted with the Shiv Chhatrapati Award - ChessBase India |url=https://www.chessbase.in/news/Shiv_Chhatrapati_awards_for_19_chess_players |access-date=2023-01-05 |website=www.chessbase.in}}</ref>''' from the [[Government of Maharashtra]], the highest state-level honor for sports personality in the state.

== Early life and education ==
Nubairshah Shaikh was born in [[Beed]], [[Maharashtra]], India<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XRUjn4yQ5XY |title=20 people from the village of Beed came to witness him winning the award! :) |date=2018-02-17 |last=ChessBase India |access-date=2025-09-26 |via=YouTube}}</ref> and completed his graduation in civil engineering from [[University of Mumbai|Mumbai University]] in 2019.<ref>{{Cite web |title=M.H. Saboo Siddik College Of Engineering |url=https://www.mhssce.ac.in/Distinguished%20Alumni.php# |access-date=2023-01-05 |website=www.mhssce.ac.in}}</ref>

Shaikh showed outstanding promise as a chess prodigy from a young age. In January 2011, he gained national attention at the 3rd Chennai International Open,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Shaikh's Performance at Chennai Open GM Chess Tournament 2011 |url=https://s3.chess-results.com/tnr43319.aspx?lan=1&art=9&fed=IND&snr=125&SNode=S0 |access-date=2026-01-08 |website=s3.chess-results.com}}</ref> where, at the age of 13, he earned his first [[Norm (chess)|International Master norm]],<ref>{{Cite web |last=NewIndian Express |first=online archive |date=2012-05-16 |title=Greenfeld, Nabaty take joint lead & Shaikh, Roy Scores Maiden IM Norms. |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/sport/2011/Jan/25/greenfeld-nabaty-take-joint-lead-221870.html |access-date=2026-01-08 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> becoming the youngest player from Maharashtra<ref>{{Cite news |date=2011-01-28 |title=Chess ace youngest player from state to win International Masters title in Chennai |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/thane/chess-ace-youngest-player-from-state-to-win-international-masters-title-in-chennai/articleshow/7381609.cms |access-date=2026-01-08 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> at the time to achieve an IM norm, remaining unbeaten against five [[Grandmaster (chess)|Grandmasters]] and defeating GM S.P. [[S. P. Sethuraman|Sethuraman]] during the event.<ref>{{Cite web |last=GM Kidambi |first=Sundararajan |date=2011-04-09 |title=Chennai Intl Open 2011 - Amazing Games report |url=https://www.chess.com/article/view/chennai-intl-op-2011 |access-date=2026-01-08 |website=Chess.com |language=en-US}}</ref> This early achievement laid the foundation for his progress toward the [[International Master]] title, which he was officially awarded by [[FIDE]] in 2016.<ref name=":5" />

== Chess career ==
He later completed his second IM norm at the [[Qatar Masters Open]] 2015,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-01-05 |title=Indians rock at the Qatar Masters 2015! - ChessBase India |url=https://www.chessbase.in/news/qatar-masters-2015-final |access-date=2026-01-08 |website=www.chessbase.in}}</ref> one of World's strongest open events, and secured his third and final IM norm at the Abu Dhabi Masters 2016,<ref>{{Cite news |date=2016-09-14 |title=Thane teen becomes international master in chess |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/thane/thane-teen-becomes-international-master-in-chess/articleshow/54317007.cms#:~:text=This%20story%20is%20from%20September,the%20start%20of%20the%20event. |access-date=2026-01-08 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> following which the title was officially approved by FIDE.

After becoming International Master, In 2017 Shaikh claimed the title of Commonwealth Junior Champion.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Chess-Results Server Chess-results.com - Commonwealth Chess Championships 2017 Under-20 (OPEN) |url=http://chess-results.com/tnr290127.aspx?lan=1&art=1 |access-date=2023-01-05 |website=chess-results.com}}</ref>
In 2018 Shaikh won the Gold Medal in the Western Asia Junior Blitz Championship in Uzbekistan.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |date=2018-12-03 |title=India shines at the Western Asia Junior Championship 2018 - ChessBase India |url=https://www.chessbase.in/news/Western-Asian-Chess-Junior-Championship-2018 |access-date=2025-02-13 |website=www.chessbase.in}}</ref>

Before the COVID-19 pandemic, Shaikh achieved two [[norm (chess)|grandmaster norms]]. Nubairshah earned his first norm at the Delhi GM Open 2018, where his performance rating was 2647,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Delhi GM Open Rd. 09: Akash Iyer and Nubairshah Shaikh complete GM Norms – All India Chess Federation |url=https://aicf.in/delhi-gm-open-rd-09-akash-iyer-and-nubairshah-shaikh-complete-gm-norms/ |access-date=2025-02-13 |website=aicf.in}}</ref> and a second norm the [[Cappelle-la-Grande Open|Capelle La Grande]] 2020 tournament in France.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-03-01 |title=Test your chess with the Civil Engineer! - ChessBase India |url=https://www.chessbase.in/news/Test-your-chess-with-Nubairshah-Shaikh |access-date=2025-02-13 |website=www.chessbase.in}}</ref>

The pandemic paused his tournament play in 2021.

In 2022, he won the Silver Lake Open'''<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-06-27 |title=IM Nubairshah Shaikh wins the Silver Lake Open - ChessBase India |url=https://www.chessbase.in/news/IM-Nubairshah-Shaikh-wins-the-Silver-Lake-Open |access-date=2023-01-05 |website=www.chessbase.in}}</ref>''' in Serbia, narrowly missing his final Grandmaster norm. Shaikh achieved his final Grandmaster norm & Elect GM Title at the Bangladesh Premier League 2024, where he played for [[Titas Gas|Titas Club]],<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-02-18 |title=Bangladesh Police regains Bangabandhu Premier League 2024 - ChessBase India |url=https://www.chessbase.in/news/Bangladesh-Police-regains-Bangabandhu-Premier-League-2024 |access-date=2025-02-13 |website=www.chessbase.in}}</ref> winning the Board Prize with a score of 8/10.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Instagram |url=https://www.instagram.com/chessbaseindia/p/C3PIRHnhBIY/?img_index=1 |access-date=2025-02-13 |website=www.instagram.com}}</ref>

In 2023, Shaikh successfully defended his title at the South Asian Chess Championship (SACC) held in Lalitpur, Nepal,<ref name=":1">{{Cite news |date=2023-06-22 |title=Defending champ from India wins gold at South Asian Chess Tourney |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/navi-mumbai/defending-champ-from-india-wins-gold-at-south-asian-chess-tourney/articleshow/101176730.cms |access-date=2025-02-13 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>[https://asianchess.com/news/indian-im-mohammad-nubairshah-shaikh-defends-the-sacc-chess-championship-title-and-wim-sakshi-chitlange-became-the-womens-champion/ SAARC Chess Championship]:</ref> becoming the first player to win the SAARC Championship multiple times. Shaikh won the [[Jaffna]] International Chess Championship 2024 in Sri Lanka with a score of 9/10.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-12-22 |title=Nubairshah Shaikh wins 2nd Jaffna Open 2024, Prajwal P Shet third - ChessBase India |url=https://www.chessbase.in/news/Nubairshah-Shaikh-wins-2nd-Jaffna-Open-2024-Prajwal-P-Shet-third#:~:text=Nubairshah%20Shaikh%20wins%202nd%20Jaffna,P%20Shet%20third%20-%20ChessBase%20India |access-date=2025-02-27 |website=www.chessbase.in}}</ref>

Shaikh won the 16th Vaujany International Festival 2025 with an unbeaten 7/9 score, defeating defending champion IM Thibault Dudognon in the final round.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-08-13 |title=Nubairshah prevails at 16th Vaujany International Festival 2025, Anuj second and Ameya third - ChessBase India |url=https://www.chessbase.in/news/Nubairshah-Shaikh-prevails-at-16th-Vaujany-International-Festival-2025-Anuj-Shrivatri-second-and-Ameya-Audi-third |access-date=2025-09-23 |website=www.chessbase.in}}</ref>
Shaikh also won the 29th Creon IM Round-Robin Closed 2025 in France with an unbeaten 6.5/9 score, finishing half a point ahead of IM Simon Lamaze and FM Ewen Pichon.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-09-01 |title=Nubairshah Shaikh clear first at 29th Creon IM Round-Robin Closed 2025 - ChessBase India |url=https://www.chessbase.in/news/Nubairshah-Shaikh-clear-first-at-29th-Creon-IM-Round-Robin-Closed-2025 |access-date=2025-09-23 |website=www.chessbase.in}}</ref>
Shaikh scored 9/10 to win the Silver Jubilee Queenstar Rating Open 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-09-15 |title=Nubairshah wins Silver Jubilee Queenstar Rating Open 2025, Indrajeet second and P Karthikeyan third - ChessBase India |url=https://www.chessbase.in/news/Nubairshah-Shaikh-wins-Silver-Jubilee-Queenstar-Rating-Open-2025-Indrajeet-Mahindrakar-second-and-P-Karthikeyan-third |access-date=2025-09-23 |website=www.chessbase.in}}</ref>

=== Recent successes at [[Fast chess|speed chess]] ===
In late 2025, Shaikh recorded successes on the Indian rapid circuit, winning both The Grandeur 8.0 Rapid Rating Open<ref>{{Cite web|title=Nubairshah Shaikh wins The Grandeur 8.0 Rapid Rating Open 2025 - ChessBase India|url=https://www.chessbase.in/news/Nubairshah-Shaikh-wins-The-Grandeur-8-0-Rapid-Rating-Open-2025|website=www.chessbase.in|date=2025-10-27|access-date=2025-11-27}}</ref> and the Satish Anna Rapid Rating Open 2025.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Nubairshah Shaikh wins Satish Anna Rapid Rating Open 2025 - ChessBase India|url=https://www.chessbase.in/news/Nubairshah-Shaikh-wins-Satish-Anna-Rapid-Rating-Open-2025|website=www.chessbase.in|date=2025-11-16|access-date=2025-11-27}}</ref> He scored 8/9 in each event, securing first place with 7 wins and 2 draws and reaffirming his status as one of the most consistent rapid performers in the country.

In January 2026, Shaikh continued his strong form by winning the 4th KTBS Rapid Rating Open<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-02-02 |title=Top Seed Nubairshah Shaikh Wins 4th KTBS Rapid Rating 2026 - ChessBase India |url=https://www.chessbase.in/news/top-seed-nubairshah-shaikh-wins-4th-ktbs-rapid-rating-2026 |access-date=2026-03-07 |website=www.chessbase.in}}</ref> with a score of 8.5/9, defeating three International Masters during the tournament.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Chess-Results Server Chess-results.com - 4th KTBS Rapid FIDE Rating Chess Tournament 2026 |url=https://s1.chess-results.com/tnr1312406.aspx?lan=1&art=9&fed=IND&turdet=YES&flag=30&snr=1&SNode=S0 |access-date=2026-03-07 |website=s1.chess-results.com}}</ref>

=== Recognition and titles ===

Shaikh was awarded the title of International Master (IM) in 2016,<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Mohammad Nubairshah Shaikh FIDE Chess Profile |url=https://ratings.fide.com/profile/5053196 |access-date=2025-02-27 |website=ratings.fide.com}}</ref>
and in 2018 received the Shiv Chhatrapati Sports State Award by the Government of Maharashtra for his significant contributions to chess in India.<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XRUjn4yQ5XY |title=20 people from the village of Beed came to witness him winning the award! :) |date=2018-02-17 |last=ChessBase India |access-date=2025-02-27 |via=YouTube}}</ref> In 2025, he was awarded the FIDE Trainer (FT) title<ref name=":0" /> by the [[FIDE|International Chess Federation]] for his contributions to chess coaching and training.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Results of the FIDE TRAINERS' SEMINAR –Pune, Maharashtra, 19-21 September 2025 – FIDE Trainers' Commission|url=https://trainers.fide.com/2025/10/21/results-of-the-fide-trainers-seminar-pune-maharashtra-19-21-september-2025/|date=2025-10-21|access-date=2025-12-01|language=en-US}}</ref>

=== Notable tournament results ===
{| class="wikitable"
!Year
!Tournament
!Result
|-
|2007
|Asian School Championship 2007 (Boys U-9)
|Gold Medal<ref>{{Cite web |title=Chess-Results Server Chess-results.com - Asian School Championship 2007 |url=https://s3.chess-results.com/tnr9648.aspx?lan=1&art=1&flag=30&turdet=YES&SNode=S0 |access-date=2026-01-08 |website=s3.chess-results.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JjQEGNRnhmw |title=Nubairshah Shaikh News On Zee 24 Taas - First Asian Gold |date=2015-04-24 |last=Nubairshah Shaikh |access-date=2026-01-08 |via=YouTube}}</ref>
|-
|2008
|4th World Schools Chess Championships 2008 (Open U-11)
|Silver Medal<ref>{{Cite web |title=Chess-Results Server Chess-results.com - 4th World Schools Chess Championships 2008 - Open U11 |url=https://s3.chess-results.com/tnr13672.aspx?lan=1&art=1&turdet=YES&flag=30&SNode=S0 |access-date=2026-01-08 |website=s3.chess-results.com}}</ref>
|-
|2010
|FIDE World Amateur Chess Championship 2010
|Bronze Medal<ref>{{Cite web |date=2010-03-28 |title=Winners of the 2010 World Amateur Chess Championship – Chessdom |url=https://www.chessdom.com/news-2010/world-amateur-chess-championship |access-date=2026-01-08 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=2010 World Amateur Chess Championship |url=https://www.il-chess.org/news/201-2010-world-amateur-chess-championship |access-date=2026-01-08 |website=www.il-chess.org}}</ref>
|-
|2014
|Asian Youth Chess Championship 2014 (Open U-16 Rapid)
|Gold Medal<ref>{{Cite news |date=2014-11-08 |title=India bag 13 medals in Rapid event in Asian Youth Chess |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/chess/india-bag-13-medals-in-rapid-event-in-asian-youth-chess/articleshow/45080635.cms |access-date=2026-01-08 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Chess-Results Server Chess-results.com - Asian Youth Chess Championship-2014 Under 16 Open_Rapid |url=https://s2.chess-results.com/tnr150566.aspx?lan=1&art=1&flag=30&turdet=YES&SNode=S0 |access-date=2026-01-08 |website=s2.chess-results.com}}</ref>
|-
|2017
|Commonwealth Junior Championship 2017
|Gold Medal<ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-07-11 |title=Abhijeet Gupta and Swati Ghate are Commonwealth Champions 2017 - ChessBase India |url=https://www.chessbase.in/news/commonwealth-championship-2017-r09 |access-date=2025-09-16 |website=www.chessbase.in}}</ref>
|-
|2018
|Western Asia Junior Blitz Championship 2018
|Gold Medal<ref name=":4" />
|-
|2019
|1st SAARC Open Chess Championship 2019
|Gold Medal<ref name="saarc2019">{{cite web |date=20 December 2019 |title=IM Nubairshah Shaikh is the winner of 1st SAARC Chess Championship 2019 |url=https://www.chessbase.in/news/IM-Nubairshah-Shaikh-is-the-winner-of-1st-SAARC-Chess-Championship-2019 |access-date=16 September 2025 |publisher=ChessBase India}}</ref>
|-
|2022
|Silver Lake Open 2022
|1st place<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-06-27 |title=IM Nubairshah Shaikh wins the Silver Lake Open - ChessBase India |url=https://www.chessbase.in/news/IM-Nubairshah-Shaikh-wins-the-Silver-Lake-Open |access-date=2025-09-16 |website=www.chessbase.in}}</ref>
|-
|2023
|South Asian Chess Championship 2023 (SACC)
|Gold Medal<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-06-20 |title=Nubairshah Shaikh and Sakshi Chitlange dominate SACC Open and Women Championships 2023, Sayantan second - ChessBase India |url=https://www.chessbase.in/news/Nubairshah-Shaikh-and-Sakshi-Chitlange-dominate-SACC-Open-and-Women-Championships-2023-Sayantan-Das-second |access-date=2025-09-16 |website=www.chessbase.in}}</ref>
|-
|2024
|2nd Jaffna International Chess Championship
|1st place<ref name="jaffna2024">{{cite web |date=21 December 2024 |title=Nubairshah Shaikh wins 2nd Jaffna Open 2024 |url=https://www.chessbase.in/news/Nubairshah-Shaikh-wins-2nd-Jaffna-Open-2024-Prajwal-P-Shet-third |access-date=16 September 2025 |publisher=ChessBase India}}</ref>
|-
|2025
|16th Vaujany International Festival
|1st place<ref name="vaujany2025">{{cite web |date=12 August 2025 |title=Nubairshah prevails at 16th Vaujany International Festival 2025 |url=https://www.chessbase.in/news/Nubairshah-Shaikh-prevails-at-16th-Vaujany-International-Festival-2025-Anuj-Shrivatri-second-and-Ameya-Audi-third |access-date=16 September 2025 |publisher=ChessBase India}}</ref>
|-
|2025
|29th Creon IM Round-Robin Closed
|1st place<ref name="creon2025">{{cite web |date=31 August 2025 |title=Nubairshah Shaikh clear first at 29th Creon IM Round-Robin Closed 2025 |url=https://www.chessbase.in/news/Nubairshah-Shaikh-clear-first-at-29th-Creon-IM-Round-Robin-Closed-2025 |access-date=16 September 2025 |publisher=ChessBase India}}</ref>
|-
|2025
|Silver Jubilee Queenstar Rating Open
|1st place<ref name="queenstar2025">{{cite web |date=14 September 2025 |title=Nubairshah wins Silver Jubilee Queenstar Rating Open 2025 |url=https://www.chessbase.in/news/Nubairshah-Shaikh-wins-Silver-Jubilee-Queenstar-Rating-Open-2025-Indrajeet-Mahindrakar-second-and-P-Karthikeyan-third |access-date=16 September 2025 |publisher=ChessBase India}}</ref>
|}

== Personal life ==
Outside of chess, Shaikh works as a civil engineer with the Maharashtra government's Public Works Department.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-09-01 |title=Nubairshah Shaikh clear first at 29th Creon IM Round-Robin Closed 2025 - ChessBase India |url=https://www.chessbase.in/news/Nubairshah-Shaikh-clear-first-at-29th-Creon-IM-Round-Robin-Closed-2025 |access-date=2025-09-23 |website=www.chessbase.in}}</ref> He has balanced his professional engineering career with chess, a combination that has drawn attention in chess circles.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-03-01 |title=Test your chess with the Civil Engineer! - ChessBase India |url=https://www.chessbase.in/news/Test-your-chess-with-Nubairshah-Shaikh |access-date=2025-09-23 |website=www.chessbase.in}}</ref>

== Notable games ==
* Nubairshah Shaikh vs [[Gukesh D]], Qatar Masters 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mohammad Nubairshah Shaikh vs Gukesh D - Qatar Masters 2023 |url=https://www.chess.com/events/2023-qatar-masters/01/Mohammad_Nubairshah_Shaikh-Gukesh_D |access-date=2025-02-13 |website=Chess.com |language=en-US}}</ref> Shaikh drew against Gukesh D. the India No. 1,<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7Qd3rQHdbGw |title=I didn't expect to draw against both India and South Korea no.1 - IM Nubairshah {{!}} Qatar Masters 2023 |date=2023-10-14 |last=ChessBase India |access-date=2025-02-13 |via=YouTube}}</ref> who would go on to become the [[World Chess Championship 2024|18th World Chess Champion]] in 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-12-13 |title=The Coronation of the 18th World Chess Champion - D Gukesh - ChessBase India |url=https://www.chessbase.in/news/The-Coronation-of-the-18th-World-Chess-Champion-D-Gukesh |access-date=2025-02-13 |website=www.chessbase.in}}</ref>
* Nubairshah Shaikh vs [[Hikaru Nakamura]] – [[Titled Tuesday]], January 2020.<ref name=":2">{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GkGJCUzJ5Ow |title=जब भारत के Nubairshah नें अमेरिका के Nakamura को दी मात ! |date=2020-06-03 |last=Hindi ChessBase India |access-date=2025-02-13 |via=YouTube}}</ref> Shaikh defeated Hikaru Nakamura, the World No. 3<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nakamura, Hikaru |url=https://ratings.fide.com/profile/2016192 |access-date=2025-02-13 |website=ratings.fide.com}}</ref>
* Nubairshah Shaikh vs [[Arjun Erigaisi]], ChessKid Cup 2023.<ref name=":3">{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H4QmIJH7XtQ |title=IM Nubairshah Defeats Arjun in a Beautiful Match {{!}} ChessKid Cup 2023 {{!}} Nubairshah vs Arjun |date=2023-05-03 |last=MoreToChess |access-date=2025-02-13 |via=YouTube}}</ref> Shaikh won against Erigaisi, another rising star in Indian chess.<ref name=":3" />

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{fide|5053196}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Nubairshah Shaikh, Mohammad}}
[[Category:1998 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian chess players]]
[[Category:Chess International Masters]]
[[Category:People from Beed]]
[[Category:University of Mumbai alumni]]

Rangiya Junction railway station

2026-04-23T11:15:32Z

WernerStoate3: starting a details

{{Short description|Railway station in Assam, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2015}}
{{Infobox station
| name = [[File:Indian_Railways_Suburban_Railway_Logo.svg|50px]] {{font color|blue|RANGIYA Jn.}}
| type = [[Indian Railways]] [[junction station]]
| style = Indian Railways
| image = Rangiya Junction railway station in Asam, India 10.jpg
| image_size =
| image_caption = Rangiya Junction Station
| address = Station Road, [[Rangiya]]-781354, Assam
| country = {{flagu|India}}
| coordinates = {{Coord|26.4472|N|91.6056|E|type:railwaystation_region:IN|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
| elevation = {{convert|53|m|ft}}
| line = *[[New Bongaigaon–Guwahati section]]
*[[Rangiya–Murkongselek section]]
| other =
| structure = Standard on ground
| platform = 5
| tracks = 9
| parking = {{rint|park}} Available
| bicycle = {{rint|bicycle}} Available
| connections = Bus, Auto-rickshaw, E-rickshaw
| opened = {{start date and age|1909}}
| closed =
| rebuilt =
| electrified = [[File:Electric.svg|40px]] Yes (2021)
| accessible = {{Access icon|20px}} Yes
| code = {{Indian railway code
| code = '''RNY'''
| zone = Northeast Frontier Railway
| division = {{rwd|Rangiya}}
}}
| owned = [[Indian Railways]]
| operator = [[Northeast Frontier Railway zone|Northeast Frontier Railway]]
| status = Functioning
| services = [[File:Waiting_Room_-_The_Noun_Project.svg|20px|Waiting Room]] [[File:AB-Autobahnkiosk.svg|20px|Food & Drink]] [[File:BSicon_REST.svg|20px|Food Plaza]] [[File:Elevator_(AIGA_based).svg|15px|Lifts]] [[File:Surveillance_camera.svg|40px|CCTV]] [[File:Aiga_escalator_down_mirror.svg|20px|Escalators]] [[File:Wifiservice.svg|20px|Railwire Free Wifi]] [[File:Font_Awesome_5_solid_bed.svg|20px|Retiring Rooms]]
| former = [[Assam Bengal Railway]]
| passengers = '''40K/Day'''
| pass_year =
| pass_percent =
| pass_system = {{increase}} {{color|#fc5|high}}
| map_type = India Assam
| map_dot_label = '''Rangiya Junction''' railway station
| map_caption = Location in Assam##Location in India
| mapframe = Yes
| Logo_of_station =
}}
'''Rangiya Junction railway station''' is a [[junction station]] on the [[New Bongaigaon–Guwahati section]] of [[Barauni–Guwahati line]], and Rangia–Tezpur line of [[Rangiya–Murkongselek section]]. It is located in [[Kamrup district]] in the Indian state of [[Assam]]. It serves [[Rangiya]] and the surrounding areas. . Rangiya Junction is the 4th largest railway station in [[Northeast India]].

==History==
In 1883–84 the {{track gauge|1000mm}}-wide [[metre-gauge]] line of Assam Behar State Railway met the [[Eastern Bengal Railway]]'s {{Track gauge|5ft6in|lk=on}} [[broad gauge]] line at {{stnlnk|Parbatipur Junction}}. It reached {{stnlnk|Katihar Junction}} in 1888–89 and in 1909 it reached Amingaon on the banks of the [[Brahmaputra River|Brahmaputra]], which could be crossed by ferry to reach Guwahati.<ref>{{cite book| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=TPB5RTODBJAC&q=Amingaon+railway+opened&pg=PA175 |title = India's Railway History: A Research Handbook |page=175, table 6-3|last= John Hurd and Ian J.Kerr|date = 3 August 2012 |publisher= Koninklijke Brill NV, Leien, The Netherlands|isbn = 978-90-04-23003-3 |accessdate = 12 May 2013}}</ref>

The new broad-gauge track from New Bongaigaon to Guwahati was commissioned in 1984.<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.irfca.org/faq/faq-history5.html |title =IR History: Part V (1970–1995)|publisher= IRFCA|accessdate = 12 May 2013}}</ref>

[[Saraighat Bridge]] opened in 1962, initially carried metre-gauge tracks, which was later replaced by broad-gauge tracks.<ref>{{cite web| url = https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/guwahati/50-years-of-Saraighat-bridge/articleshow/17121361.cms | archive-url = https://archive.today/20130103140000/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-11-07/guwahati/34971728_1_bridge-stretches-assam-governor-brahmaputra | url-status = live | archive-date = 3 January 2013 |title = 50 years of Saraighat bridge|date=7 November 2012| work = [[The Times of India]] | access-date = 12 May 2013}}</ref>

The {{convert|450|km|mi|0|abbr=on}}-long Rangia–Murkongselek line is being converted from {{track gauge|1000mm}}-wide metre gauge to {{Track gauge|5ft6in|lk=on}} [[broad gauge]]. {{As of|2013}}, the work is expected to be completed soon.<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/industry-and-economy/logistics/arunachal-pradesh-soon-on-rail-map/article2945661.ece?css=print |title =Arunachal Pradesh soon on railway map |work=The Hindu Business Line|date=29 February 2012|accessdate = 12 May 2013}}</ref>

==Infrastructure and amenities==

Indian Railways, has carried out several development works to improve the condition of the platforms and station.<ref name="Rangiya Reference">{{cite news |last1=Devanjana |first1=Nag |title=Beautiful! Indian Railways’ Rangiya Junction station in Assam gets a ravishing makeover; see pics here |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/infrastructure/railways/beautiful-indian-railways-rangiya-junction-station-in-assam-gets-a-ravishing-makeover-see-pics-here/1689312/ |access-date=13 February 2021 |work=The Financial Express |publisher=Financial Express |date=28 August 2019}}</ref> An amount of Rs10-15 crores has been incurred on providing new facilities and beautifying the station with local art painting.<ref name="Rangiya Reference" />

Following are some of the important salient features of the renovation done at the station:<ref name="Rangiya Reference" />

1. Station facade got a facelift by ACP cladding with colours of blue and silver.

2. Circulating area had been upgraded and for smooth movement of traffic the station's parking area had been rearranged by construction of pathways.

3. First class waiting room had been renovated with texture paint and renovation done to second class waiting hall with good quality tiles, granite, and a false ceiling.

4. New mosaic tiles had been laid at the broken surface flooring of platforms and station.

5. Refreshment room at the station had been renovated by covering with false ceiling and good quality floor and wall tiles.

6. Renovation had also been made to the kitchen portion of the building.

7. Work is in progress for the construction of new foot over bridge and installation of new lifts and escalators.

8. A new pay and use toilet had been set up at the station for the convenience of passengers.

==Electrification==
Electrification of the Barauni–Katihar–Guwahati line was sanctioned in 2008.<ref>{{cite web| url =http://www.projectstoday.com/News/CCEA-approves-Rs506-crore-for-Barauni-Katihar-Guwahati-section|title = CCEA approves Rs. 506 crores for Barauni–Katihar–Guwahati section |work= Projects Today|accessdate = 12 May 2013}}</ref> In the document on Vision 2020 – A Blue Print for Railway Electrification Programme, in the list of ongoing projects the entire route km (836) is shown as balance work as on 1 April 2010.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.indianrailways.gov.in/railwayboard/uploads/directorate/planning/downloads/vision_2020_blue_050411.pdf |title = Vision 2020 – A Blue Print for Railway Electrification Programme |publisher= Ministry of Railways, Government of India|accessdate = 12 May 2013}}</ref>

==Track doubling==
Doubling of the track between New Bongaigaon and Kamakhya via Rangia has been approved in the railway budget for 2013–14.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.firstpost.com/economy/rail-budget-2013-wait-for-electric-trains-in-indias-north-east-gets-longer-640672.html |title =Rail budget 2013: Wait for electric trains in India's North-East gets longer |publisher=First Post economy |accessdate = 12 May 2013}}</ref>

==References ==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IndiaRailInfo|548}}
{{Wikivoyage inline|Rangia}}
{{Adjacent stations|noclear=y
|system=Indian Railways
|line=Northeast Frontier Railway zone|left=Ghoghrapar|right=Kendukana|type=[[New Bongaigaon–Guwahati section]]
|line2=Northeast Frontier Railway zone|left2=|right2=Khandikar|type2=[[Rangiya–Murkongselek section]]}}

{{Railway stations in Assam}}

[[Category:Railway stations in India opened in 1909]]
[[Category:Railway junction stations in Assam]]
[[Category:Railway stations in Kamrup Metropolitan district]]
[[Category:Rangiya railway division]]

Ministry of Horticulture (Maharashtra)

2026-04-23T08:52:15Z

WernerStoate3: put up basic entry w/ sources!

{{Short description|Maharashtra government ministry responsible for Horticulture}}
{{More citations needed|date=April 2026}}
{{Infobox government agency
| native_name_a = '''मंत्रालय फलोत्पादन विभाग, महाराष्ट्र शासन'''
| type = ministry
| name = Ministry of Horticulture [[Government of Maharashtra]]
| native_name =
| seal = File:Seal of Maharashtra.svg
| seal_width = 200
| seal_caption = [[Emblem of Maharashtra|Seal of the state of Maharashtra]]
| logo =
| logo_width =
| logo_caption =
| picture = Mantralay of Mumbai, Administrative Headquarters 03.jpg
| picture_caption = Building of Administrative Headquarters of Mumbai
| picture_width =
| jurisdiction = {{flagicon|India}} [[Maharashtra]]
| headquarters = [[Mantralaya, Mumbai|Mantralay]], [[Mumbai]]
| minister1_name = '''[[Bharatshet Gogawale]]'''
| minister1_pfo = [[Government of Maharashtra|Cabinet Minister]]
| deputyminister1_name = '''Vacant, TBD'''
since 29 June 2022
| deputyminister1_pfo = [[Government of Maharashtra|Minister of State]]
| child1_agency =
| child2_agency =
| website =
| formed =
| employees =
| budget =
| chief1_name = ([[Indian Administrative Service|IAS]])
| chief1_position =
| chief2_name =
| chief2_position =
| parent_department = [[Government of Maharashtra]]
}}

The '''Ministry of Horticulture is a Ministry of the [[Government of Maharashtra]]'''.<ref>{{Cite web |date=18 February 2026 |title=Punjab to Adopt Maharashtra Horticulture Model |url=https://money.rediff.com/news/market/punjab-to-adopt-maharashtra-horticulture-model/42277520260218 |access-date=2026-04-23 |website=Rediff Money |language=en}}</ref>

The Ministry is headed by a [[Cabinet (government)|cabinet level]] Minister. '''[[Bharatshet Gogawale]]''' is Current Minister of Horticulture [[Government of Maharashtra]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=26.03.2025: Minister of Employment Guarantee Scheme, Horticulture, Salt Pan Land Development Bharatsheth Gogawale meets Governor {{!}} Lok Bhavan Maharashtra {{!}} India |url=https://rajbhavan-maharashtra.gov.in/en/gallery/26-03-2025-minister-of-employment-guarantee-scheme-horticulture-salt-pan-land-development-bharatsheth-gogawale-meets-governor/ |access-date=2026-04-23 |language=en}}</ref>

==Head office==
{{Infobox political post
| insignia = Seal of Maharashtra (1).svg
| insigniasize = 150px
| insigniacaption = [[Emblem of India]]
| department = '''Ministry of Horticulture (Maharashtra)'''
| style = [[The Honourable]]
| post = {{big|Minister of Horticulture}} '''मंत्री फलोत्पादन विभाग'''
|image=[[File:Bharat-gogavale.jpg|100px]]
| incumbent = [[Bharatshet Gogawale]]
| incumbentsince = 21 December 2024
| member_of = State Cabinet
| reports_to = '''[[Chief Minister of Maharashtra|Chief Minister]]''', 
'''[[Maharashtra Legislature]]'''
| seat = [[Mantralaya, Mumbai]]
| appointer = '''[[Governor of Maharashtra|Governor]]''' on the advice of the '''[[Chief Minister of Maharashtra|Chief Minister]]'''
| termlength = 5 years
| inaugural =
*'''M. D. Choudhary'''
(1960-1962)
| precursor =
* '''[[Devendra Fadnavis]]'''
(2024- 2024)
| deputy =
* '''Vacant, TBD'''
since 29 June 2022
| formation = 1 May 1960
| body =
| flag = Flag of India.svg
| flagsize = 110px
| flagcaption = [[Flag of India]]
| flagborder = yes
| website =
| abbreviation = Cabinet Minister
}}

==Cabinet Ministers==
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! rowspan="2" |No.
! rowspan="2" colspan="2" |Portrait
! rowspan="2" style="width:16em" |Minister {{small|(Constituency)}}
! colspan="3" |Term of office
! rowspan="2" style="width:8em" |Political party
! rowspan="2"| Ministry
! rowspan="2" style="width:9em" |Chief Minister
|-
!style="width:6em"| From
!style="width:6em"| To
!Period
|-
!colspan="10"| Minister of Horticulture
|-
|01
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|
|'''[[P. K. Sawant|Parashuram Krishnaji Sawant]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Chiplun Assembly constituency|Chiplun Constituency No. 265]]- [[Ratnagiri District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|01 May}} 1960
|{{small|07 March}} 1962
!{{ayd|1960|05|01|1962|03|07}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|bgcolor="#87CEEB"| [[First Yashwantrao Chavan ministry (Maharashtra)|'''Yashwantrao I''']]
|rowspan="2" |[[File:Yashwantrao Chavan 2010 stamp of India.jpg|75px]] [[Yashwantrao Chavan]]
|-
|02
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|
|'''Madhukar Dhanaji Chaudhari''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Raver Assembly constituency|Raver Constituency No. 11]]- [[Jalgaon District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|08 March}} 1962
|{{small|19 November}} 1962
!{{ayd|1962|03|08|1962|11|19}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|bgcolor="#87CEEB"| [[Second Yashwantrao Chavan ministry|'''Yashwantrao II''']]
|-
|03
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|
|'''[[Balasaheb Desai]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Patan, Maharashtra Assembly constituency|Patan Constituency No. 261]]- [[Satara District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|20 November}} 1962
|{{small|24 November}} 1963
!{{ayd|1962|11|20|1963|11|24}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|bgcolor="#87CEEB"| [[Kannamwar ministry|'''Kannamwar l''']]
|[[Marotrao Kannamwar]]
|-
|04
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|
|'''[[P. K. Sawant|Parashuram Krishnaji Sawant]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Chiplun Assembly constituency|Chiplun Constituency No. 265]]- [[Ratnagiri District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}} (Interim Chief Minister)
|{{small|25 November}} 1962
|{{small|04 December}} 1963
!{{ayd|1962|11|25|1962|12|04}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|bgcolor="#87CEEB"| [[P. K. Sawant ministry|'''Sawant''']]
|[[P. K. Sawant|Parashuram Krishnaji Sawant]]
|-
|05
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|
|'''[[Gopalrao Bajirao Khedkar]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Akot Assembly constituency|Akot Constituency No. 28]]- [[Akola District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|05 December}} 1963
|{{small|01 March}} 1967
!{{ayd|1963|12|05|1967|03|01}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|bgcolor="#87CEEB"| [[First Vasantrao Naik ministry|'''Vasantrao I''']]
|rowspan="6" |[[File:Vasantrao Naik portrait.jpg|75px]] [[Vasantrao Naik]]
|-
|06
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|[[File:Vasantrao Naik portrait.jpg|75px]]
|'''[[Vasantrao Naik]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Pusad Assembly constituency|Pusad Constituency No. 81]]- [[Yavatmal District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}} (Chief Minister)
|{{small|01 March}} 1967
|{{small|27 October}} 1969
!{{ayd|1967|03|01|1969|10|27}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|rowspan="2" bgcolor="#87CEEB"| [[Second Vasantrao Naik ministry|'''Vasantrao II''']]
|-
|07
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|
|'''[[Shantilal Shah]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Vile Parle Assembly constituency|Vile Parle Constituency No. 177]]- [[Mumbai Suburban District]] '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|27 October}} 1969
|{{small|13 March}} 1972
!{{ayd|1969|10|27|1972|03|13}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|08
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|[[File:Vasantrao Naik portrait.jpg|75px]]
|'''[[Vasantrao Naik]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Pusad Assembly constituency|Pusad Constituency No. 81]]- [[Yavatmal District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}} (Chief Minister)
|{{small|13 March}} 1972
|{{small|04 April}} 1973
!{{ayd|1972|03|13|1973|04|14}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|rowspan="3" bgcolor="#87CEEB"| [[Third Vasantrao Naik ministry|'''Vasantrao III''']]
|-
|09
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|[[File:Vasantdada Patil (1977).jpg|75px]]
|'''[[Vasantrao Patil]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Council|MLC]] for Elected by MLAs Constituency No. 20 - [[Sangli District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Council|Legislative Council]])'''''}}
|{{small|04 April}} 1973
|{{small|17 Match}} 1974
!{{ayd|1973|04|04|1974|03|17}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|10
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|[[File:The President of India, Smt. Pratibha Patil.jpg|75px]]
|'''[[Pratibha Patil]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Jalgaon City Assembly constituency|Jalgaon City Constituency No. 13]]- [[Jalgaon District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|17 Match}} 1974
|{{small|21 February}} 1975
!{{ayd|1974|03|17|1975|02|21}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|11
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|[[File:Shankarrao Chavan 2007 stamp of India.jpg|75px]]
|'''[[Shankarrao Chavan]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Bhokar Assembly constituency|Bhokar Constituency No. 85]]- [[Nanded District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}} (Chief Minister)
|{{small|21 February}} 1975
|{{small|16 April}} 1977
!{{ayd|1975|02|21|1977|04|16}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|rowspan="1" bgcolor="#87CEEB"| [[First Shankarrao Chavan ministry|'''Shankarrao I''']]
|rowspan="1"| [[File:Shankarrao Chavan 2007 stamp of India.jpg|75px]] [[Shankarrao Chavan]]
|-
|12
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|[[File:Sharad Govindrao Pawar.jpg|75px]]
|'''[[Sharad Pawar]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Baramati Assembly constituency|Baramati Constituency No. 201]]- [[Pune District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|17 April }} 1977
|{{small|07 March}} 1978
!{{ayd|1977|04|17|1979|03|07}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|rowspan="1" bgcolor="#88CEEB"|[[First Vasantdada Patil ministry|'''Vasantdada I''']]
|rowspan="2" |[[File:Vasantdada Patil (1977).jpg|75px]] [[Vasantdada Patil]]
|-
|13
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress (Indira)}}"|
|[[File:Prabha Rau.jpg|80px]]
|'''[[Prabha Rau]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Pulgaon Assembly constituency|Pulgaon Constituency No. 41]]- [[Wardha District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|07 March}} 1978
|{{small|18 July}} 1978
!{{ayd|1978|03|07|1978|07|18}}
|[[Indian National Congress (Indira)]]
| rowspan="1" bgcolor="#A3A3FF"|[[Second Vasantdada Patil ministry|'''Vasantdada II''']]
|-
|14
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Peasants and Workers Party of India}}"|
|
|'''[[Ganpatrao Deshmukh]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Sangola Assembly constituency|Sangola Constituency No. 235]]- [[Solapur District]] '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|18 July}} 1978
|{{small|18 February}} 1980
!{{ayd|1978|07|18|1980|02|18}}
|[[Peasants and Workers Party of India]]
|rowspan="1" bgcolor="#66FF66"| [[First Pawar ministry|'''Pawar I''']]
|rowspan="1" |[[File:The Union Minister for Agriculture and Food Processing Industries, Shri Sharad Pawar addressing at the launch of the Sahana Group’s New Marathi Channel “Jai Maharashtra”, in Mumbai on April 27, 2013 (cropped).jpg|75px]] [[Sharad Pawar]]
|-
|15
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|[[File:Babasaheb Bhosale.png|80px]]
|'''[[Babasaheb Bhosale]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Nehrunagar Assembly constituency|Nehrunagar Constituency No. 172]]- [[Mumbai Suburban District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|09 June}} 1980
|{{small|21 January}} 1982
!{{ayd|1980|06|09|1982|01|21}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|rowspan="1" bgcolor="#87CEEB"| [[Antulay ministry|'''Antulay''']]
|rowspan="1" |[[File:A. R. Antulay with Shivraj Patil (cropped).jpg|75px]] [[A. R. Antulay|Abdul Rahman Antulay]]
|-
|16
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|
|'''Baliram Waman Hiray''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Malegaon Outer Assembly constituency|Dabhadi Constituency No. 74]]- [[Nashik District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|21 January}} 1982
|{{small|02 February}} 1983
!{{ayd|1982|01|21|1983|02|02}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|rowspan="1" bgcolor="#87CEEB"| [[Bhosale ministry|'''Bhosale''']]
|rowspan="1" |[[File:Babasaheb Bhosale.png|75px]] [[Babasaheb Bhosale]]
|-
|17
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|
|'''Nanabhau Yambadwar''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Council|MLC]] for Bhandara - Gondia Local Authorities Constituency No. 14 - [[Gondia District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Council|Legislative Council]])'''''}}
|{{small|07 February}} 1983
|{{small|05 March}} 1985
!{{ayd|1983|02|07|1985|03|05}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|rowspan="1" bgcolor="#87CEEB"| [[Third Vasantdada Patil ministry|'''Vasantdada III''']]
|rowspan="2" |[[File:Vasantdada Patil (1977).jpg|75px]] [[Vasantdada Patil]]
|-
|18
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|[[File:Jawaharlal Darda 2022 stamp of India cr.jpg|75px]]
|'''[[Jawaharlal Darda]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Council|MLC]] for Elected by MLAs Constituency No. 19 - [[Yavatmal District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Council|Legislative Council]])'''''}}
|{{small|12 March}} 1985
|{{small|03 June}} 1985
!{{ayd|1985|03|12|1985|06|03}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|rowspan="1" bgcolor="#87CEEB"| [[Fourth Vasantdada Patil ministry|'''Vasantdada IV''']]
|-
|19
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|
|'''[[Sudhakarrao Naik]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Pusad Assembly constituency|Pusad Constituency No. 81]]- [[Yavatmal District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|03 June}} 1985
|{{small|12 March}} 1986
!{{ayd|1985|06|03|1986|03|12}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|rowspan="1" bgcolor="#87CEEB"| [[Nilangekar ministry|'''Nilangekar''']]
|rowspan="1"|[[Shivajirao Patil Nilangekar]]
|-
|20
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|
|'''Bhagwantrao Gaikwad''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Dindori, Maharashtra Assembly constituency|Dindori Constituency No. 122]]- [[Nashik District]] '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|12 March}} 1986
|{{small|26 June}} 1988
!{{ayd|1986|03|12|1988|06|26}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|rowspan="1"bgcolor="#87CEEB"| [[Second Shankarrao Chavan ministry|'''Shankarrao II''']]
|rowspan="1" |[[File:Shankarrao Chavan 2007 stamp of India (cropped).jpg|75px]] [[Shankarrao Chavan]]
|-
|21
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|[[File:Vilasrao_Deshmukh_at_Innovation_Partnerships_Event_May_8,_2012.jpg|75px]]
|'''[[Vilasrao Deshmukh]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Latur City Assembly constituency|Latur City Constituency No. 235]]- [[Latur District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|26 June}} 1988
|{{small|03 March}} 1990
!{{ayd|1988|06|26|1990|03|03}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|rowspan="1" bgcolor="#87CEEB"| [[Second Pawar ministry|'''Pawar II''']]
|rowspan="2" |[[File:Sharad Govindrao Pawar.jpg|75px]] [[Sharad Pawar]]
|-
|22
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|[[File:SHRI SHIVAJIRAO BAPUSAHEB DESHMUKH.jpg|80px]]
|'''[[Shivajirao Deshmukh]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Council|MLC]] for Elected by MLAs Constituency No. 18 - [[Sangli District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Council|Legislative Council]])'''''}}
|{{small|03 March}} 1990
|{{small|25 June}} 1991
!{{ayd|1990|03|03|1991|06|25}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|rowspan="1" bgcolor="#87CEEB"| [[Third Pawar ministry|'''Pawar III''']]
|-
|23
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|
|'''Rohidas Patil''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Dhule Constituency No. 07]]- [[Dhule District]] '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|25 June}} 1991
|{{small|22 February}} 1993
!{{ayd|1991|06|25|1993|02|22}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|rowspan="1" bgcolor="#87CEEB"| [[Sudhakarrao Naik ministry|'''Sudhakarrao''']]
|rowspan="1" | [[Sudhakarrao Naik]]
|-
|24
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|
|'''Prabhakar Dharkar''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Council|MLC]] for Elected by MLAs Constituency No. 16 - [[Pune District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Council|Legislative Council]])'''''}}
|{{small|06 March}} 1993
|{{small|18 November}} 1994
!{{ayd|1993|03|06|1994|11|18}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|rowspan="1" bgcolor="#87CEEB"| [[Fourth Pawar ministry|'''Pawar IV''']]
|rowspan="1" |[[File:Sharad Govindrao Pawar.jpg|75px]] [[Sharad Pawar]]
|-
|25
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Shiv Sena}}"|
|
|'''[[Shashikant Sutar]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Shivajinagar, Maharashtra Assembly constituency|Shivajinagar Constituency No. 209]]- [[Pune District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|14 March}} 1995
|{{small|01 February}} 1999
!{{ayd|1995|03|14|1999|02|01}}
|[[Shiv Sena]]
|rowspan="1" bgcolor="{{party color|Shiv Sena}}"| [[Manohar Joshi ministry|'''Joshi''']]
|rowspan="1" | [[File:Manohar Joshi cropped.jpg|75px]] [[Manohar Joshi]]
|-
|26
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"|
|
|'''[[Anna Dange]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Council|MLC]] for Elected by MLAs Constituency No. 05 - [[Sangli District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Council|Legislative Council]])'''''}}
|{{small|01 February}} 1999
|{{small|11 May}} 1999
!{{ayd|1999|02|01|1999|05|11}}
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|rowspan="2" bgcolor="{{party color|Shiv Sena}}"| [[Narayan Rane ministry|'''Rane''']]
|rowspan="2" |[[File:Narayan Rane (cropped).jpg|75px]] [[Narayan Rane]]
|-
|27
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Shiv Sena}}"|
|
|'''[[Sureshdada Jain]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Jalgaon City Assembly constituency|Jalgaon City Constituency No. 13]]- [[Jalgaon District]] '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|11 May}} 1999
|{{small|17 October}} 1999
!{{ayd|1999|05|11|1999|10|17}}
|[[Shiv Sena]]
|-
|28
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Nationalist Congress Party}}"|
|[[File:Ajit Pawar.jpg|70px]]
| '''[[Ajit Pawar]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Baramati Assembly constituency|Baramati Constituency No. 201]]- [[Pune District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|19 October}} 1999
|{{small|16 January}} 2003
!{{ayd|1999|10|19|2003|01|16}}
|[[Nationalist Congress Party]]
|rowspan="1" bgcolor="#87CEEB"| [[First Deshmukh ministry|'''Deshmukh I''']]
|rowspan="1" |[[File:Vilasrao_Deshmukh_at_Innovation_Partnerships_Event_May_8,_2012.jpg|75px]] [[Vilasrao Deshmukh]]
|-
|29
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Nationalist Congress Party}}"|
|[[File:Ajit Pawar.jpg|70px]]
| '''[[Ajit Pawar]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Baramati Assembly constituency|Baramati Constituency No. 201]]- [[Pune District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|18 January}} 2003
|{{small|01 November}} 2004
!{{ayd|2003|01|11|2004|11|01}}
|[[Nationalist Congress Party]]
|rowspan="1" bgcolor="#87CEEB"| [[Sushilkumar Shinde ministry|'''Sushilkumar''']]
|rowspan="1" |[[File:Shri Sushilkumar Shinde, in New Delhi on August 06, 2009 (cropped).jpg|75px]] [[Sushilkumar Shinde]]
|-
|30
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Nationalist Congress Party}}"|
|[[File:R. R. Patil.jpg|80px]]
| '''[[R. R. Patil]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Tasgaon-Kavathe Mahankal Assembly constituency|Tasgaon-Kavathe Mahankal Constituency No. 287]]- [[Sangli District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}} (Deputy Chief Minister)
|{{small|01 November}} 2004
|{{small|09 November}} 2004
!{{ayd|2004|11|01|2004|11|09}}
|[[Nationalist Congress Party]]
|rowspan="2" bgcolor="#87CEEB"| [[Second Deshmukh ministry|'''Deshmukh II''']]
|rowspan="2" |[[File:Vilasrao_Deshmukh_at_Innovation_Partnerships_Event_May_8,_2012.jpg|75px]] [[Vilasrao Deshmukh]]
|-
|31
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Jan Surajya Shakti}}"|
|
| '''Vinay Kore''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Shahuwadi Assembly constituency|Shahuwadi Constituency No. 277]]- [[Kolhapur District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|09 November}} 2004
|{{small|01 December}} 2008
!{{ayd|2004|11|09|2008|12|01}}
|Jan Surajya Shakti
|-
|32
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Jan Surajya Shakti}}"|
|
| '''Vinay Kore''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Shahuwadi Assembly constituency|Shahuwadi Constituency No. 277]]- [[Kolhapur District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|08 December}} 2008
|{{small|06 November}} 2009
!{{ayd|2008|12|08|2009|11|06}}
|Jan Surajya Shakti
|rowspan="1" bgcolor="#87CEEB"| [[First Ashok Chavan ministry|'''Ashok I''']]
|rowspan="2"|[[File:Ashok Chavan With Coat.jpeg|80px]] [[Ashok Chavan]]
|-
|33
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Nationalist Congress Party}}"|
|
| '''[[Vijaykumar Krishnarao Gavit]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Nandurbar Assembly constituency|Nandurbar Constituency No. 03]]- [[Nandurbar District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|07 November}} 2009
|{{small|10 November}} 2010
!{{ayd|2009|11|07|2010|11|10}}
|[[Nationalist Congress Party]]
|rowspan="1"bgcolor="#87CEEB"| [[Second Ashok Chavan ministry|'''Ashok II''']]
|-
|34
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Nationalist Congress Party}}"|
|
| '''[[Vijaykumar Krishnarao Gavit]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Nandurbar Assembly constituency|Nandurbar Constituency No. 03]]- [[Nandurbar District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|11 November}} 2010
|{{small|19 March}} 2014
!{{ayd|2010|11|11|2014|03|19}}
|[[Nationalist Congress Party]]
|rowspan="3" bgcolor="#87CEEB"| [[Prithviraj Chavan ministry|'''Prithviraj''']]
|rowspan="3"| [[File:Prithviraj Chavan - India Economic Summit 2011.jpg|80px]] [[Prithviraj Chavan]]
|-
|35
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|[[File:Prithviraj Chavan - India Economic Summit 2011.jpg|75px]]
| '''[[Prithviraj Chavan]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Council|MLC]] for Elected by MLAs Constituency No. 19 - [[Satara District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Council|Legislative Council]])'''''}} (Chief Minister) Additional Charge
|{{small|19 March}} 2014
|{{small|29 May}} 2014
!{{ayd|2014|03|19|2014|05|29}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|36
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Nationalist Congress Party}}"|
|
| '''[[Jitendra Awhad]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Council|MLC]] for Elected by MLAs Constituency No. 15 - [[Thane District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Council|Legislative Council]])'''''}}
|{{small|29 May}} 2014
|{{small|26 September}} 2014
!{{ayd|2014|05|29|2014|09|26}}
|[[Nationalist Congress Party]]
|-
|37
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"|
|
|'''[[Eknath Khadse]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Muktainagar Assembly constituency|Muktainagar Constituency No. 20]]- [[Jalgaon District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|31 October}} 2014
|{{small|04 June}} 2016
!{{ayd|2014|10|31|2016|06|04}}
|rowspan="1"|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|rowspan="5" bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"| [[First Fadnavis ministry|'''Fadnavis I''']]
|rowspan="6" |[[File:Eknath Shinde and Devendra Fadnavis with PM Narendra Modi Cropped(2).jpg|75px]] [[Devendra Fadnavis]]
|-
|38
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"|
|[[File:Devendra Fadnavis @Vidhan Sabha 04-03-2021.jpg|75px]]
|'''[[Devendra Fadnavis]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Nagpur South West Assembly constituency|Nagpur South West Constituency No. 52]]- [[Nagpur District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}} (Chief Minister) Additional Charge
|{{small|04 June}} 2016
|{{small|08 July}} 2016
!{{ayd|2016|06|04|2016|07|08}}
|rowspan="1"|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
|39
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"|
|
|'''[[Pandurang Fundkar]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Council|MLC]] for Elected by MLAs Constituency No. 26 - [[Buldhana District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Council|Legislative Council]])'''''}}
|{{small|08 July}} 2016
|{{small|31 May}} 2018
!{{ayd|2016|07|08|2018|05|31}}
|rowspan="1"|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
|40
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"|
|[[File:Devendra Fadnavis @Vidhan Sabha 04-03-2021.jpg|75px]]
|'''[[Devendra Fadnavis]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Nagpur South West Assembly constituency|Nagpur South West Constituency No. 52]]- [[Nagpur District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}} (Chief Minister) Additional Charge
|{{small|31 May}} 2018
|{{small|16 June}} 2019
!{{ayd|2018|05|31|2019|06|16}}
|rowspan="1"|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
|41
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Shiv Sena}}"|
|
|'''[[Jaydattaji Kshirsagar]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Beed Assembly constituency|Beed Constituency No. 230]]- [[Beed District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|16 June}} 2019
|{{small|12 November}} 2019
!{{ayd|2019|06|16|2019|11|12}}
|rowspan="1"|[[Shiv Sena]]
|-
|42
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"|
| [[File:Devendra Fadnavis @Vidhan Sabha 04-03-2021.jpg|75px]]
|'''[[Devendra Fadnavis]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Nagpur South West Assembly constituency|Nagpur South West Constituency No. 52]]- [[Nagpur District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}} (Chief_Minister) ''In Charge''
|{{small|23 November}} 2019
|{{small|28 November}} 2019
!{{ayd|2019|11|23|2019|11|28}}
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|rowspan="1" bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"| [[Second Fadnavis ministry|'''Fadnavis II''']]
|-
|43
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Shiv Sena}}"|
|[[File:Subhash Desai.jpg|80px]]
|'''[[Subhash Desai]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Council|MLC]] for Elected by MLAs Constituency No. 09 - [[Mumbai Suburban District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Council|Legislative Council]])'''''}}
|{{small|28 November}} 2019
|{{small|30 December}} 2019
!{{ayd|2019|11|28|2019|12|30}}
|[[Shiv Sena]]
|rowspan="3" bgcolor="{{party color|Shiv Sena}}"| [[Thackeray ministry|'''Thackeray''']]
|rowspan="3" |[[File:The Chief Minister of Maharashtra, Shri Uddhav Thackeray calling on the Prime Minister, Shri Narendra Modi, in New Delhi on February 21, 2020 (Uddhav Thackeray) (cropped).jpg|75px]] [[Uddhav Thackeray]]
|-
|44
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Shiv Sena}}"|
|
| '''[[Sandipanrao Bhumre]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Paithan Assembly constituency|Paithan Constituency No. 110]]- [[Aurangabad district, Maharashtra|Chhatrapati Sambhaji Nagar District]] Also Previously Known [[Aurangabad district, Maharashtra|Aurangabad District]] '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|30 December}} 2019
|{{small|27 June}} 2022
!{{ayd|2019|12|30|2022|06|27}}
|[[Shiv Sena]]
|-
|45
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Shiv Sena}}"|
|
| '''[[Shankarrao Gadakh]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Nevasa Assembly constituency|Nevasa Constituency No. 221]]- [[Ahmednagar District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}} Additional Charge
|{{small|27 June}} 2022
|{{small|29 June}} 2022
!{{ayd|2022|06|27|2022|06|29}}
|[[Shiv Sena]]
|-
|46
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}}"|
| [[File:Eknath Shinde with PM Narendra Modi Cropped.jpg|75px]]
|'''[[Eknath Shinde]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Kopri-Pachpakhadi Assembly constituency|Kopri-Pachpakhadi Constituency No. 147]]- [[Thane District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}} (Chief Minister) ''In Charge''
|{{small|30 June}} 2022
|{{small|14 August}} 2022
!{{ayd|2022|06|30|2022|08|14}}
|[[Shiv Sena (2022–present)]]
|rowspan="4" bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"| [[Eknath Shinde ministry|'''Eknath''']]
|rowspan="4" |[[File:Eknath Shinde with PM Narendra Modi Cropped.jpg|75px]] [[Eknath Shinde]]
|-
|47
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}}"|
|
|'''[[Sandipanrao Bhumre]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Paithan Assembly constituency|Paithan Constituency No. 110]]- [[Aurangabad district, Maharashtra|Chhatrapati Sambhaji Nagar District]] Also Previously Known [[Aurangabad district, Maharashtra|Aurangabad District]] '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|14 August}} 2022
|{{small|04 June}} 2024
!{{ayd|2022|07|14|2024|06|04}}
|[[Shiv Sena (2022–present)]]
|-
|48
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}}"|
|| [[File:Eknath Shinde with PM Narendra Modi Cropped.jpg|75px]]
|'''[[Eknath Shinde]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Kopri-Pachpakhadi Assembly constituency|Kopri-Pachpakhadi Constituency No. 147]]- [[Thane District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}} (Chief Minister) Additional Charge
|{{small|04 June}} 2024
|{{small|16 August}} 2024
!{{ayd|2024|06|04|2024|08|16}}
|[[Shiv Sena (2022–present)]]
|-
|49
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}}"|
|
|'''[[Dadaji Bhuse]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Malegaon Outer Assembly constituency|Malegaon Outer Constituency No. 81]]- [[Nashik District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|16 August}} 2024
|{{small|26 November}} 2024
!{{ayd|2024|08|16|2024|11|26}}
|[[Shiv Sena (2022–present)]]
|-
|50
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"|
|[[File:Devendra Fadnavis @Vidhan Sabha 04-03-2021.jpg|75px]]
|'''[[Devendra Fadnavis]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Nagpur South West Assembly constituency|Nagpur South West Constituency No. 52]]- [[Nagpur District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}} (Chief_Minister) ''In Charge''
|{{small|05 December}} 2024
|{{small|21 December}} 2024
!{{ayd|2024|12|05|2024|12|21}}
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|rowspan="2" bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"| [[Third Fadnavis ministry|'''Fadnavis III''']]
|rowspan="2" |[[File:Eknath Shinde and Devendra Fadnavis with PM Narendra Modi Cropped(2).jpg|75px]] [[Devendra Fadnavis]]
|-
|51
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}}"|
|[[File:Bharat-gogavale.jpg|75px]]
|'''[[Bharatshet Gogawale]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Mahad Assembly constituency|Mahad Constituency No. 194]]- [[Raigad District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|21 December}} 2024
|''Incumbent''
!{{ayd|2024|12|21}}
|[[Shiv Sena (2022–present)]]
|-
|}

==Ministers of State ==

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! rowspan="2" |No.
! rowspan="2" colspan="2" |Portrait
! rowspan="2" style="width:16em" |Deputy Minister {{small|(Constituency)}}
! colspan="3" |Term of office
! rowspan="2" style="width:8em" |Political party
! rowspan="2"| Ministry
! rowspan="2" style="width:9em" |Minister
! rowspan="2" style="width:9em" |Chief Minister
|-
!style="width:6em"| From
!style="width:6em"| To
!Period
|-
!colspan="11"| Deputy Minister of Horticulture
|-
!colspan="04"| '''''Vacant'''''
|{{small|23 November}} 2019
|{{small|28 November}} 2019
!{{ayd|2019|11|23|2019|11|28}}
|NA
|rowspan="1" bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"| [[Second Fadnavis ministry|'''Fadnavis II''']]
|[[Devendra Fadnavis]]
|rowspan="1" |[[File:Eknath Shinde and Devendra Fadnavis with PM Narendra Modi Cropped(2).jpg|75px]] [[Devendra Fadnavis]]
|-
|01
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Nationalist Congress Party}}"|
|
|'''[[Aditi Tatkare]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Shrivardhan Assembly constituency|Shrivardhan Constituency No. 193]]- [[Raigad District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|30 December}} 2019
|{{small|29 June}} 2022
!{{ayd|2019|12|30|2022|06|29}}
|[[Nationalist Congress Party]]
|rowspan="1" bgcolor="{{party color|Shiv Sena}}"| [[Thackeray ministry|'''Thackeray''']]
|
*[[Sandipanrao Bhumre]] (2019 - 2022)
*[[Shankarrao Gadakh]] (2022 - 2022)
|rowspan="1" |[[File:The Chief Minister of Maharashtra, Shri Uddhav Thackeray calling on the Prime Minister, Shri Narendra Modi, in New Delhi on February 21, 2020 (Uddhav Thackeray) (cropped).jpg|75px]] [[Uddhav Thackeray]]
|-
!colspan="04"| '''''Vacant '''''
|{{small|30 June}} 2022
|{{small|26 November}} 2024
!{{ayd|2022|06|30|2024|11|26}}
|NA
|rowspan="1" bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"| [[Eknath Shinde ministry|'''Eknath''']]
|
*[[Eknath Shinde]] (2022 - 2022)
*[[Sandipanrao Bhumre]] (2022 - 2024)
*[[Eknath Shinde]] Additional Charge (2024 - 2024)
*[[Dadaji Bhuse]] (2024 –2024)
|rowspan="1" |[[File:Eknath Shinde with PM Narendra Modi Cropped.jpg|75px]] [[Eknath Shinde]]
|-
!colspan="04"| ''''' Vacant'''''
|{{small|21 December}} 2024
|''incumbent''
!{{ayd|2024|12|21}}
|NA
|rowspan="1" bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"| [[Third Fadnavis ministry|'''Fadnavis III''']]
| rowspan="1"|[[Bharatshet Gogawale]] (2024 – Present)
|rowspan="1" |[[File:Eknath Shinde and Devendra Fadnavis with PM Narendra Modi Cropped(2).jpg|75px]] [[Devendra Fadnavis]]
|-

|}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{State agencies of Maharashtra}}

[[Category:Government of Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Government ministries of Maharashtra]]

Saanjher Baati

2026-04-20T23:33:59Z

WernerStoate3: starting article

{{Short description|Indian television series}}
{{Distinguish|Sanjhbati}}
{{Long plot|date=July 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2023}}
{{Infobox television
| alt_name = Saanjher Baati - Notun Prithibi
| image = Sanjher Baati 3.webp
| genre = [[Drama (film and television)|Drama]] [[Romance film|Romance]] [[Thriller film|Thriller]]
| creator = [[Acropoliis Entertainment]]
| based_on =
| developer = [[Acropoliis Entertainment]]
| writer =
| screenplay = Jyoti Hazra & Payel Chakraborty '''Dialogues''' Baitanik Mukherjee
| story = Acropoliis Creative Team
| director = Sajal Bose
| creative_director = Proshen (Acropoliis)
| starring = Debchandrima Singha Roy Rezwan Rabbani Sheikh
| open_theme = ''"Saanjher Bati"''
| end_theme =
| theme_music_composer = Shantajit Ronit
| composer =
| country = India
| language = Bengali
| executive_producer = Arnab & Abir (Acropoliis) Samajita, Saptara & Shruti (Star Jalsha)
| producer = Snigdha Basu Sani Ghosh Ray
| editor = Nilanjan Deepak
| cinematography = Suman Mallick
| camera = Multi-camera
| runtime = 22 minutes
| company = ''[[Acropoliis Entertainment]]''
| channel = [[Star Jalsha]]
| num_seasons =
| num_episodes = 806
| list_episodes =
| first_aired = {{Start date|2019|07|01|df=yes}}
| last_aired = {{End date|2021|12|12|df=yes}}
| image_alt =
}}

'''''Saanjher Baati''''' ({{translation|''Evening Light''}}) is a 2019 Indian [[Bengali language|Bengali]] [[romantic drama]] [[Thriller film|thriller]] television series that premiered on 1 July 2019 on [[Star Jalsha]]. The show is produced by [[Acropolis Entertainment Pvt. Ltd.]] The show aired its last episode on 12 December 2021, leaving the story incomplete.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-12-05|title=তলানিতে টিআরপি! শ্রীকৃষ্ণভক্ত মীরার পর শেষে হচ্ছে স্টার জলসার আরও এক ধারাবাহিক|url=https://bangla.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/sanjher-baati-team-emotional-bids-adieu-after-completing-800-episodes-star-jalsha-s-another-show-ends-31638674031235.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211205035904/https://bangla.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/sanjher-baati-team-emotional-bids-adieu-after-completing-800-episodes-star-jalsha-s-another-show-ends-31638674031235.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=5 December 2021|access-date=|website=Hindustan Times|language=bn}}</ref> It starred Debchandrima Singha Roy<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/bengali/tv-serial-sanjher-bati-to-launch-next-month/articleshow/69840213.cms|title=TV Serial Sanjher Bati to launch next month|date=10 June 2019|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=24 August 2019}}</ref> and Rezwan Rabbani Sheikh.

== Synopsis ==
Saanjher Baati showcases a sweet and beautiful love story filled with emotions, conflicts, and heartwarming moments. The show traces the lives of Charu and Arjoman and their journey of rising above norms that define relationships. At the core of the story is the relationship between the protagonists and how they strive to fulfill each other's dreams and complement each other in pursuing their passion. Initially the story focused on the love story of Charu, a simple village girl and a sweet maker, and Arjo, a blind businessman. However, they met their tragic death due to Surjasekhar and Mishmi and their souls get reincarnated into Chitrangada, a rich girl and a photographer, and Arjun, a mechanic, and the story focused on Arjun and Chitrangada's romance.

== Plot ==
Charu, a simple, attractive village girl and a dedicated sweet-maker of the village Madhabpur (which is famous for sweets), becomes an object of envy for her stepmother, Jhumpa, and stepsister Chumki. While Chumki many times express her envy and hatred, Jhumpa always tries to be sweet to Charu while Charu lovingly calls her Maa(which apparently jhumpa doesn't deserve). With kindness and courage as her biggest strengths, she endures all hardships inflicted by them with a smile. Charu harbors a dream to fulfill her passion for making sweets. She yearns to open her sweet shop, but due to circumstances, fails to do so. Fate intervenes when she marries Arjoman (a blind man), son of [[North Kolkata]]'s Mullick family, the well-known sweet-makers of the city, and begins a love story and Jhumpa gets Chumki married to Arjo's younger brother Angshu as a deal with Arjo's mother Mollika.

Jhumpa tried lots of tricks like manipulating and sending Charu to thrash person Fatik so that Fatik can marry her. Charu escapes by injuring him. After Arjo and Charu's marriage, Jhumpa, Chumki, and Sohini(Arjo's paternal aunt) plot to separate them, but they stay united after overcoming obstacles. Jhumpa and Fatik tries to get Charu framed in Fatik's fake murder and Chumki supports them. However they gets exposed. Fatik is arrested while Jhumpa is thrown out of the house but after a fake suicide attempt she comes back to stay with Charu's father Bhanu. Charu and Mollika becomes strict towards Chumki to make her a good person leaving Chumki more engraged. Also Angshu is angry at her for her greedy nature and pathological lies. However, one day, Arjo is pushed from the stairs by Chumki so that she can foil Charu and Arjo's honeymoon. Charu decides to get an injured Arjo operated and Arjo gets his eyes back. Arjo is excited to see the world and specially his Charu while the Mullicks praise Charu. But the happiness is short lived as Madan(Jhumpa's ex-husband) brutally injures Arjo according to Jhumpa's plan. Charu is blamed for everything by a devastated Mollika and thus, Mollika expels her from the house. Charu decides to donate her eyes to Arjo to regain his consciousness. However Charu gets fatally hit by Madan's car as per Madan and Jhumpa's plan. Dejected by Charu's demise, the Mullicks, according to Sohini's request, introduces Mishmi as Charu to Arjo after he regains his sight, to hide the truth. Somewhere in her heart Chumki is genuinely devastated by Charu's death. However she hates Mishmi. Charu is fortunately alive and after regaining consciousness, Charu refuses to return to the Mullicks and continues to stay with Dr. Banerjee and his sister Amrita (Angshu's love interest), and his daughter Chini (actually it was Angshu and Amrita's daughter). One day, Arjo meets real Charu, unaware that she is his wife, and Charu too hides her identity and adopts a new name, Chandrima. Charu joins a blind school and Arjo cooperates with her. Meanwhile, Arjo and Charu grow closer, which makes Mishmi realize that Chandrima is the real Charu, and so she decides to kill her, with the help of her father Surjasekhar, who was Mullick's closest enemy and a named criminal. Jhumpa and Madan tries to kill Bhanu but Charu and Arjo saves him. Arjo later identifies Charu and joins Charu's plan. Mishmi and Surjasekhar plots to destroy the Mulicks, and Charu, along with Amrita, disguise themselves to ruin their plan. Surjoshekhar kills Bhanu and attempts to kill Charu, but she is rescued by Arjo and thus after her brain surgery and eyes donated by Bhanu, she regains eyesight. Sohini and her son Ronit, who were also involved in Surjasekhar's plan to unsurp Mullick property, reform their ways and regrets their misdeeds. Mishmi tries to kill Chumki as Chumki always double crossed them. After Charu saves her Chumki decides to reform and get Surjoshekhar and Mishmi exposed. The Mullicks unitedly expose Surjasekhar and Mishmi to the police. However, Surjasekhar escapes from the jail, and Mishmi is released due to Ronit's request. Chumki regrets her deeds and apologies to everyone. Chumki divorces Angshu, and he marries Amrita and adopts Chini. Mollika and Charu asks Chumki to stay with them. Jhumpa comes back with a fake sympathy story and hence she is allowed to stay in the house. Mishmi starts plotting against Charu and Arjo and she bribes the doctor and proves to Arjo that he cannot become a father. This leads Arjo to misunderstand Charu's pregnancy, and so Charu leaves the house again. Arjo reforms his ways and brings her back after his requests.

Mishmi with the help of Jhumpa misleads Charu's mother, Sheuli, who was alive, to kill Charu, and adds poison to the sweets in her factory and frames Arjo for the same. After this Surjasekhar kidnaps Chini, Arjo spots him and while trying to escape, he fakes his death in an accident. Jhumpa and Mishmi plans to kill Charu and her unborn baby but they fails and Mishmi is exposed by Charu while Jhumpa escapes. Later, Sheuli identifies Charu and confesses her crimes. Jhumpa with her accomplish Fatik tries to kill Sheuli and Charu to run away with Sheuli's jewellery. However Charu saves herself and Jhumpa gets injured. Meanwhile, Surjasekhar returns to kill Charu and he throws a bomb inside Charu's car, which blasts, causing her death. Devastated and agitated, Arjo shoots Surjasekhar and thus gets arrested. Meanwhile, Jhumpa hits Charu, who actually had survived the blast and was lying half-dead on the ground, and snatches her jewellery. Mishmi, her brother Mohit, and Jhumpa plan to impersonate Mishmi's daughter as Charu's daughter to the Mullicks. Arjo mourns and laments Charu's death and decides to kill Mishmi and Mohit, after he gets released. On the other hand, Charu is rescued by a stranger named Deepjoy.

===18 years later===
Arjo is released from jail after serving 14 years and now he lives with a dual identity, as a photographer and a secret agent, Captain Azad. Charu loses her memory and now she adopts a new name, Anushree, and lives happily with Deepjoy and her blind daughter, Bhumi. Also on the other hand, the Mullicks raise Srimon, unaware that it is Mishmi and Ronit's daughter. At North-Bengal, Arjo arrives for a secret mission and he meets Bhumi on the way, unaware that it is his daughter. Bhumi, after meeting him, wishes to pursue photography and become a famous photographer just like him, but she is unaware that he is her biological father. At the past, it is shown that Deepjoy admitted Charu to the hospital, where he requests doctor to save both, mother and baby, unaware of Charu's identity. Then Charu gave birth to a baby girl and names her Bhumi.

Bhumi arrives at Kolkata along with Arjo to study at a prestigious college, which makes Srimon jealous. However, he meets Charu but is later surprised to learn that Charu is Anushree, Deepjoy's wife and Charu's lookalike. Also, the Mullick family is shocked to see Anushree resembling Charu and they decides to testify her and so, they befriends Anushree and Bhumi. Meanwhile, Arjo learns about their new threat in their city, a terrorist operation conducted by a woman named 'Bari Amma' and Deepjoy was also a major part in that operation. Deepjoy uses Anushree (aka Charu) as his trump card to conduct the operations.

Arjo leaves Kolkata for some days for his mission and he allows Anushree and Bhumi to stay at his house. During their stay, Anushree's actions starts reminding her of Charu, suddenly. Also, Bhumi and Srimon meets their new instructor named Ayush, with whom she falls in love, but he likes Bhumi and rejects Srimon. Meanwhile, Deepjoy falls for Anushree and decides to give up his evil ways, much against Bari Amma and Mohit's will. At the past, it is shown that Deepjoy was instructed by Bari Amma and Mohit to pose as Charu's husband and Bhumi's father, since she is suffering from amnesia.

After returning to Kolkata, Arjo starts his mission to catch the terrorists and Bari Amma uses Anushree to conduct her operation. But suddenly, Anushree and Arjo come closer accidentally. And they goes hiding at Charu's hut in Madhabpur, after Arjo gets shot by Deepjoy. After some days, Anushree regains her memories and realises that she is the real Charu, and thus, reconciles with Arjo. Also Arjo learns that Bhumi is his daughter. Also Deepjoy learns from Bari Amma that Anushree is Charu Mallick. Furious, Deepjoy question Bari Amma about the reason behind hiding her identity, to which she replies that she wanted to exact revenge from the Mullick family. Further, he is instructed by Bari Amma to instigate Bhumi against Arjo.

Also, Bari Amma reveals to Mohit that Surjasekhar is alive and brings him back. Later Surjasekhar reveals to Ayesha (aka Bari Amma) that Deepjoy is actually Mollika's eldest son who was separated from her by Surjasekhar, since birth as he replaced Mollika's baby with a dead one and handed him over to Bari Amma. Surjasekhar instigates Deepjoy against the Mullicks and instructs him to kill Swami Radhemohan, who was actually Sohini's husband and Ronit's father. Bhumi requests Arjo to stay away from her mother. Also Bhumi and Charu return to the Mullick mansion and the family goes for a trip as per Bhumi's request, as a part of a plan by Deepjoy. Deepjoy tries to kill Arjo, but is shocked when Surjasekhar proves him that Anushree had regained her memories. Further, Surjasekhar confesses the truth to Deepjoy that he is Mollika's eldest son, but weaves a false story and instigates him against Mollika.

Arjo and Charu escapes, but suddenly Mishmi arrives in disguise and pretends to help them, as part of her plan. Charu reveals to Bhumi that Arjo is her father, which shocks the latter, and Arjo also reveals to the family that Anushree is actually Charu. Arjo and Charu enters Deepjoy's lair and searches for proofs, but is shocked to see that all illegal documents contains Charu's signature. On the other hand, Surjasekhar reveals Deepjoy's truth to Mollika and the latter threatens to harm Arjo. Also Deepjoy's henchmen tries to kill Swami Radhemohan, but is saved by Charu and Chumki. In a bid to save Arjo's life, Mollika agrees to Surjasekhar's conditions. Arjo and Charu confronts Dipjoy for his intentions, to which the latter replies that Mollika is responsible for Deepjoy's transformation to a terrorist. Arjo requests Deepjoy not to do anything wrong. At home, Chumki curses Jhumpa and decides to throw her out of the house, but the family stops her. Next day, Arjo and Charu prepares for Bhumi and Srimon's eighteenth birthday. But suddenly Arjo falls prey to Mishmi's trap and he is taken hostage by her. Deepjoy has a change of heart after Swami Radhemohan (Ronit's father) reveals the truth about him. Surjasekhar disguises himself as Arjo and enters the mansion. At the evening, they take the family as hostage. Deepjoy, on the other hand, rescues Arjo, but suddenly is shot by Bari Amma and Deepjoy also shoots her in return. Then he drops Arjo to his house. But suddenly an explosion kills the family trapped inside the ablazed room and at the next instant, Surjasekhar shoots Charu. Meanwhile, Arjo reaches the spot and tries to rescue Charu, but is shot by Mishmi, as he attempts to shoot Surjasekhar. Dejected by seeing Arjo and Charu's corpse laid beside each other, a heartbroken Mollika curses Surjasekhar and tells him that Charu and Arjo will return again and they will severely punish them for their crimes.

===25 years later===
Mollika and Sohini are the only survivors of the war waged by Surjasekhar and Mishmi, where Arjo, Charu and the rest of the family met a tragic death. Mollika spent her all of the time at a temple praying for Arjo and Charu's reincarnation in order to punish Surjasekhar, and at last, her wishes came true. Charu is reborn as Chitrangada Dostidaar aka Chiku, daughter of a famous NRI businessman Niloy Dostidaar, whereas Arjo is reborn as Arjun, a mechanic.

Mishmi plans to sell the Mullick's mansion to Niloy thus defying Surjasekhar. Also Mollika observes Arjun at a temple and assumes him to be Arjo. Sohini tries to convince her that Arjo is no more, but Mollika refuses to believe it. Mishmi receives a cheque of INR 30 lakhs, but Amrita's spirit tears it off. Also Chiku brings her car to Arjun's garage and the two engage in a fight with each other. Chiku enters the Mullick mansion, but is shocked when Amrita's spirit calls her by the name Charu. At midnight, Amrita's spirit decorates the house since she is elated by Charu's return.

Chiku decides to avenge Arjun for his behaviour towards her, and thus, she ends up being the client for his vintage car. Initially Arjun refuses her job, but later when his family faces shortage of money, he accepts it. Also, Chiku shares a sweet relationship with Arjun's family from the first day she arrived at Arjun's house. But her father and aunt object to this, as his family belongs to a lower-middle-class family. Meanwhile, Chiku starts having an interest for Arjun, but Arjun decides to avoid her, since she belongs to a higher class. One day, her father finalises her wedding with Garry, an NRI boy, who was her aunt's brother's son. Chiku rejects Garry, as he is foolish, ugly and overspoken, and recommends an honest man as her husband. But her cunning aunt, Kaushambhi schemes to bring Garry and Chiku closer. She lies to Arjun and invites her for dinner, while she herself goes out along with family and Garry for dinner, leaving Chiku alone. Then she frames Chiku for having an affair with Arjun and as a result, Niloy, hastily arranges Chiku's marriage with Garry. But with the help of Amrita's spirit, she escapes from the house and arrives at Arjun's garage.

At garage, Chiku requests Arjun to marry her and fake their marriage in order to save herself from her forced marriage with Garry. Initially Arjun refuses, but after she threatens to end her life, he agrees. Also, it was the night when Charu and Arjo were married, and to her surprise, Mollika meets Arjun and Chitrangada for the first time at the temple. Chiku and Arjun ties the knot and they get married, which angers Niloy and he disowns Chiku at that instant. Arjun tries to console a dejected Chiku, but she replies that her father will never return. Chiku receives a warm welcome from Arjun's family, as she enters his house. On the other hand, an enraged Niloy decides to cut Chiku's ties with rest of the family. Kaushambhi takes advantage of this and plans a conspiracy against him.

Chiku takes a stand for Arjun when the neighbours insult him for marrying a rich girl. Prajukta, Poulomi, and Leo goes out to meet Chiku but Niloy, Kaushambhi and Garry catches them and forcefully takes them to their house whereas Chiku tries to meet them but failed. Kaushambhi gets to know Niloy's hidden feelings from him but Kaushambhi tries to instigate him against Chicku, Arjun and rest of the Roy family. One day, Arjun's father invites the Dostidars to attend Chiku's and Arjun's reception but instead Niloy insults them and asks them to leave the house. On the other hand, Chiku warns Arjun about Niloy not accepting him as his son-in-law. Slowly, Chicku realises that she has started falling in love with Arjun before leaving his house in order to return to the Dostidars.

After a couple of days, the police visits the Roys and arrests Kaustab because of Niloy falsely charging him for the money which was stolen from his bank account. Chiku and Arjun decides to save Kaustab by proving him innocent. After all the circumstances, Nupur and her mother blames Chiku. Meanwhile, Prajukta visits the Roys. But after all the insults, Chiku leaves the house along with her mother, leaving Arjun and rest of the Roy family heartbroken. After coming back to her house, Chiku realises that it was Kaushambhi and Garry's plan to conspire against Kaustab. She decides to punish them by exposing their deeds to the rest of the family. One day, after proving Kaustab innocent and after his marriage, Chiku gets a shock seeing her and Arjun's old photographs together in other attire. She decides to confront Mollika about the same. Mollika and Sohini reveals her story and also about Surjasekhar and Mishmi's evil deeds. Hearing all these, the duo decides to help them get justice. They shelter them into her house, recovers the property papers and returns it to them. Also during Durga Puja, the couple stages a drama in order to prove Surjasekhar and Mishmi guilty. But Arjo and Charu's spirit appears in front of them and kills them. Overwhelmed by Chiku and Arjun's loyalty and honesty, Mallika renames her property in Arjun and Chiku's name. And also requests them to donate the Mullick mansion to Charu's blind school.

===5 years later===
Arjun, Chiku and the family moves to a new house. But Garry and Kaushambhi execute her evil plan and effect Chiku's arrest on the charge of stealing money. Also they try to kill Niloy, but Chiku escapes the police and saves him. A remorseful Niloy proves Garry guilty for his fraud case, and also apologizes to Arjun and his family for his evil deeds. Garry escapes the country upon Kaushambhi's instruction. Then suddenly Yuvraj Mukherjee, another friend of Chiku, returns to India and meets Chiku in order to end her relationship with Arjun, upon Kaushambhi's plan. Also Yuvi had sheltered Chiku's estranged sister, Aradhya, into his house. Chiku meets Aradhya, who was suffering from cancer, and her son, Gogol, and she learns of her story, that her lover left her, since her father disowns her, since he was poor. Chiku also discovers that Kaustab is her lover and that Yuvi had been posing as Gogol's father. Upon learning about Aradhya's illness, Chiku decides to get her custody, but Yuvi tactfully makes her his wife and Gogol's real mother. Also Kaushambhi poisons Arjun's mind against Chiku.

On Chiku and Arjun's marriage day, Arjun gets the biggest shock by learning that Chiku is Gogol's mother and Yuvi is her husband. Angered, he decides to break the marriage. Also on the other hand, Chiku, who was disturbed by Aradhya's death (although she was alive as per Kaushambhi's plan), decides to call off the wedding. Upon returning home, Arjun accuses her of cheating him and his family, which angers Chiku and she confesses all her lies. She also decides to break the marriage and leave the house, and also promises to wait for him until he realizes his mistake. The story ends with Arjun and Chiku getting emotional after getting separated from each other.

== Cast ==
=== Main ===
* Debchandrima Singha Roy as
** Charu Ghosh Mallick/Anushree Choudhary – Shenuli and Bhanu's daughter; Jhumpa's step-daughter; Chumki's stepsister; Arjo's wife; Deepjoy's estranged husband; Bhoomi's mother (2019–2021)
** Chitrangada "Chiku" Dostidaar Roy – Reborn Charu; A rich photographer; Niloy and Prajukta's younger daughter; Aradhya's sister; Poulomi and Leo's cousin; Arjun's wife (2021)
* Rezwan Rabbani Sheikh as
** Arjoman "Arjo" Mallick – A blind businessman and photographer; Mallika and Arun's second son; Deepjoy, Angshu and Mouli's brother; Ronit and Bony's cousin; Charu's husband; Bhoomi's father (2019–2021)
** Arjun Roy – Reborn Arjo; A mechanic and automobile engineer; Sunanda and Biplab's younger son; Labanya and Kaustab's brother; Tupur's cousin; Chiku's husband (2021)

=== Recurring ===
* Soumodip Singha Roy as Angshuman "Angshu" Mallick – Mallika and Arun's youngest son; Deepjoy, Arjo and Mouli's brother; Ronit and Bony's cousin brother; Chumki's ex-husband; Amrita's husband; Chini's father (2019–2021)
* Ritisha Ganguly / Piyali Sasmal as Amrita Banerjee Mallick – Dr. Banerjee's sister; Angshu's wife; Chini's mother (2019–2021)
* Dipanwita Rakshit as Chumki Ghosh Mukherjee – Jhumpa and Madan's daughter; Bhanu's step-daughter; Charu's step-sister; Angshu's ex-wife; Anubhav's wife (2019–2021)
* Rahul Dev Bose as Anubhav Mukherjee – A bank manager; Chumki's second husband (2021)
* [[Kanchana Moitra]] as Jhumpa Ghosh – Madan's ex-wife; Bhanu's wife; Chumki's mother; Charu's step-mother (2019–2021)
* Ratan Sarkhel as Bhanu Ghosh – Shenuli's widower; Jhumpa's husband; Charu's father; Chumki's step-father (2019–2020)
* Minakshi Ghosh as Sheuli Ghosh – Bhanu's first wife; Charu's mother (2021)
* Shaktipada Dey as Madan – Jhumpa's ex-husband; Chumki's father (2020)
* [[June Malia]] as Mallika Mallick – Arun's wife; Deepjoy, Arjo, Angshu and Mouli's mother; Bhoomi and Chini's grandmother; Srimon's adoptive grandmother (2019–2021)
* Anirban Guha as Arun Mallick – Anuradha and Daduvai's elder son; Sohini and Binoy's brother; Mallika's husband; Deepjoy, Arjo, Angshu and Mouli's father; Bhoomi and Chini's grandfather; Srimon's adoptive grandfather (2019–2020)
* Priyanka Chakraborty as Mouli Mallick – Mallika and Arun's daughter; Deepjoy, Arjo and Angshu's sister; Ronit and Bony's cousin (2019–2020)
* Indrajit Mazumdar as Deepjoy Mallick – Former terrorist / businessman; Mallika and Arun's lost eldest son; Arjo, Angshu and Mouli's brother (2021)
* Sawan Dey as Bani Mallick – Binoy's wife; Bony's mother (2019–2021)
* Avijit Sengupta as Binoy Mallick – Anuradha and Daduvai's younger son; Arun and Sohini's brother; Bani's husband; Bony's father (2019–2021)
* Swarnava Sanyal as Bony Mallick – Bani and Binoy's son; Deepjoy, Arjo, Angshu, Mouli and Ronit's cousin (2019–2020)
* [[Anuradha Roy (actress)|Anuradha Roy]] as Anuradha Mallik – Daduvai's wife; Arun, Sohini and Binoy's mother; Deepjoy, Arjo, Angshu, Mouli, Ronit and Bony's grandmother (2019–2021)
* Unknown as Daduvai – Anuradha's husband; Arun, Sohini and Binoy's father; Deepjoy, Arjo, Angshu, Mouli, Ronit and Bony's grandfather (2019–2020)
* Sohini Sanyal as Sohini Mallick Sengupta – Anuradha and Daduvai's daughter; Arun and Binoy's sister; Shramik's wife; Ronit's mother; Srimon's grandmother (2019–2021)
* Anindya Banerjee as Ronit Sengupta – Sohini and Shramik's son; Deepjoy, Arjo, Angshu, Mouli and Bony's cousin; Mishmee's husband; Srimon's father (2020–2021)
* Priya Mondal as Mishmee Das Sengupta – Surjoshekar and Tanuja's daughter; Mohit's sister; Arjo's fake wife; Ronit's wife; Srimon's mother; Arjo's murderer (2020–2021)
* Priyantika Karmakar as Bhoomi Mallick – Charu and Arjo's daughter; Srimon's cousin; Ayush's love interest (2021)
* Shirsha Guha Thakurta as Srimon Sengupta – Ronit and Mishmi's daughter; Bhoomi's cousin; Ayush's former love interest (2021)
* Debraj Mukherjee as Surjoshekhar Das – A terrorist; Tanuja's husband; Mishmee and Mohit's father; Srimon's grandfather; Charu's murderer (2020–2021)
* Poushmita Goswami as Tanuja Das – Surjoshekar's wife; Mishmi and Mohit's mother; Srimon's grandmother (2020)
* Priyam as Mohit Das – Surjoshekhar and Tanuja's son; Mishmi's brother (2021)
* Gora Dhar as Mr. Kundu – Mallick's sweets manager (2019–2020)
* Nilankur Mukhopadhyay as Dr. Banerjee – Amrita's brother (2020)
* Sreetama Roy Chowdhury as Raima – Charu's competitor and friend in Asian food competition (2020)
* Sayantani Sengupta as Ayesha aka Bari Amma – Leader of the terrorist group (2021)
* Omkar Bhattacharyya as Ayush – Bhoomi and Srimon's instructor; Bhoomi's love interest (2021)
* Himanshu De as Alok – An investigation officer; Arjo's boss who appointed him as captain Azad (2021)
* [[Kaushik Chakraborty]] as Niloy Dostidaar – A famous NRI businessman; Bonolata's elder son; Proloy's brother; Prajukta's husband; Aradhya and Chiku's father; Gogol's grandfather (2021)
* Sanjuktaa Roy Chowdhury as Prajukta Dostidaar – Niloy's wife; Aradhya and Chiku's mother; Gogol's grandmother (2021)
* Sanghita Ghosh as Aradhya Dostidar – Niloy and Prajukta's lost elder daughter; Chiku's sister; Poulomi and Leo's cousin; Kaustab's former lover; Gogol's mother (2021)
* Samir Biswas as Mr. Dostidaar – Bonolata's husband; Niloy and Proloy's father; Aradhya, Chiku, Poulomi and Leo's grandfather (2021)
* [[Tanima Sen]] as Bonolata Dostidaar – Niloy and Proloy's mother; Aradhya, Chiku, Poulomi and Leo's grandmother (2021)
* [[Rii Sen]] as Kaushambhi Dostidaar – Proloy's wife; Poulomi and Leo's mother (2021)
* Ashmita Chakraborty as Poulomi Dostidaar – Proloy and Kaushambhi's daughter; Leo's sister; Aradhya and Chiku's cousin (2021)
* Vicky Nandy as Diesel – A mechanic; Arjun's friend and assistant (2021)
* Debdut Ghosh as Biplab Roy – Uttam's brother; Sunanda's husband; Labanya, Kaustab and Arjun's father; Gogol's grandfather (2021)
* Jayati Chakraborty as Sunanda Roy – Biplab's wife; Labanya, Kaustab and Arjun's mother; Gogol's grandmother (2021)
* Kheyali Ghosh Dostidar as Mrs. Roy – Biplab and Uttam's mother; Labanya, Kaustab, Arjun and Tupur's grandmother (2021)
* Anindya Banerjee as Uttam Roy – Biplab's brother; Shampa's husband; Tupur's father (2021)
* Ivana Dutta as Shampa Roy – Uttam's wife; Tupur's mother (2021)
* Sreejita Biswas as Tupur Roy – Uttam and Shampa's daughter; Labanya, Kaustab and Arjun's cousin (2021)
* [[Dwaipayan Das]] as Kaustab Roy – A bank manager; Biplab and Sunanda's elder son; Labanya and Arjun's brother; Aradhya's former lover; Nupur's husband; Gogol's father (2021)
* Jagriti Goswami Ghatak as Nupur Roy – Jhinuk's sister; Kaustab's wife (2021)
* Payel Dutta as Labanya Roy – Biplab and Sunanda's daughter; Kaustab and Arjun's sister (2021)
* Rupsha Mondal / Samata Chatterjee Lahiri as Jhinuk – Nupur's sister (2021)
* Poonam Basak as Jhimli – Chiku's house maid (2021)
* [[Sayak Chakraborty]] as Gaur aka Garry – Chiku's ex-fiancée; Kaushambhi's nephew (2021)<ref>{{Cite web|title=Sayak Chakraborty joins the cast of Sanjher Bati Notun Prithibi - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/bengali/sayak-chakraborty-joins-the-cast-of-sanjher-bari-notun-prithibi/articleshow/84406097.cms|access-date=2021-07-14|website=[[The Times of India]]|date=14 July 2021 |language=en}}</ref>
* Biswabasu Biswas as Yuvraj Mukherjee – Chiku's former friend (2021)

=== Guest appearance ===
* [[Monami Ghosh]] as Iraboti/ Anushree ([[cameo appearance]] from ''[[Irabotir Chupkotha]]'')
* Syed Arefin as Akash Chatterjee (cameo appearance from ''[[Irabotir Chupkotha]]'')
* Gourav Ghosal as a competitor in Asian Food Competition
* Indrajeet Bose as himself, a celebrity to promote the poush-parbon mela
* [[Usha Uthup]]
* [[Nachiketa Chakraborty]]
* [[Rupankar Bagchi]]
* Singer Jojo

== Reception ==
=== Ratings ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! rowspan="2" | Week
! rowspan="2" | Year
! colspan="2" | [[Broadcast Audience Research Council|BARC]] Viewership
! rowspan="2" | Ref.
|-
! [[Target Rating Point|TRP]]
! Rank
|-
|Week 37
|2020
|6.4
|2
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=WEEK 37 - DATA: Saturday, 12th September 2020 To Friday, 18th September 2020|url=https://www.barcindia.co.in/data-insights|url-status=live|website=BARC India|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200930221425/https://www.barcindia.co.in/data-insights|archive-date=30 September 2020}}</ref>
|-
|Week 38
|2020
|6.4
|1
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=WEEK 38 - DATA: Saturday, 19th September 2020 To Friday, 25th September 2020|url=https://www.barcindia.co.in/data-insights|url-status=live|website=BARC India|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201006082648/https://www.barcindia.co.in/data-insights|archive-date=6 October 2020}}</ref>
|-
|Week 39
|2020
|6.5
|2
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=WEEK 39 - DATA: Saturday, 26th September 2020 To Friday, 2nd October 2020|url=https://www.barcindia.co.in/data-insights|url-status=live|website=BARC India|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201012161743/https://www.barcindia.co.in/data-insights|archive-date=12 October 2020}}</ref>
|-
|Week 40
|2020
|6.4
|2
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=WEEK 40 - DATA: Saturday, 3rd October 2020 To Friday, 9th October 2020|url=https://www.barcindia.co.in/data-insights|url-status=live|website=BARC India|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201020222315/https://www.barcindia.co.in/data-insights|archive-date=20 October 2020}}</ref>
|-
|Week 42
|2020
|5.4
|2
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=WEEK 42 - DATA: Saturday, 17th October 2020 To Friday, 23rd October 2020|url=https://www.barcindia.co.in/data-insights|url-status=live|website=BARC India|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201030073503/https://www.barcindia.co.in/data-insights|archive-date=30 October 2020}}</ref>
|-
|Week 43
|2020
|5.1
|2
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=WEEK 43 - DATA: Saturday, 24th October 2020 To Friday, 30th October 2020|url=https://www.barcindia.co.in/data-insights|url-status=live|website=BARC India|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201107084103/https://www.barcindia.co.in/data-insights|archive-date=7 November 2020}}</ref>
|-
|Week 44
|2020
|5.5
|2
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=WEEK 44 - DATA: Saturday, 31st October 2020 To Friday, 6th November 2020|url=https://www.barcindia.co.in/data-insights|url-status=live|website=BARC India|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201113205617/https://www.barcindia.co.in/data-insights|archive-date=13 November 2020}}</ref>
|-
|Week 45
|2020
|5.9
|2
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=WEEK 45 - DATA: Saturday, 7th November 2020 To Friday, 13th November 2020 |url=https://www.barcindia.co.in/data-insights|url-status=live|website=BARC India|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201123214117/https://www.barcindia.co.in/data-insights|archive-date=23 November 2020}}</ref>
|-
|Week 46
|2020
|5.4
|2
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=WEEK 46 - DATA: Saturday, 14th November 2020 To Friday, 20th November 2020|url=https://www.barcindia.co.in/data-insights|url-status=live|website=BARC India|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201140746/https://www.barcindia.co.in/data-insights#currencydata|archive-date=1 December 2020}}</ref>
|-
|Week 47
|2020
|5.9
|3
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/bengali/khorkuto-gives-a-stiff-competition-to-other-tv-shows-bags-second-spot-on-trp-charts/articleshow/78827837.cms|title='Khorkuto' gives a stiff competition to other TV shows; bags second spot on TRP charts|website=[[The Times of India]]|date=23 October 2020 }}</ref>
|-
|Week 48
|2020
|5.8
|2
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=WEEK 48 - DATA: Saturday, 28th November 2020 To Friday, 4th December 2020|url=https://www.barcindia.co.in/data-insights|url-status=live|website=BARC India|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201216171146/https://www.barcindia.co.in/data-insights|archive-date=16 December 2020}}</ref>
|-
|Week 50
|2020
|4.8
|4
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=WEEK 50 - DATA: Saturday, 12th December 2020 To Friday, 18th December 2020|url=https://www.barcindia.co.in/data-insights|url-status=live|website=BARC India|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201231053446/https://www.barcindia.co.in/data-insights|archive-date=31 December 2020}}</ref>
|-
|Week 4
|2021
|4.9
|5
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=WEEK 4 - DATA: Saturday, 23rd January 2021 To Friday, 29th January 2021|url=https://www.barcindia.co.in/data-insights|archive-url=https://archive.today/20210210163703/https://www.barcindia.co.in/data-insights|archive-date=2021-02-10|url-status=live|website=BARC India}}</ref>
|-
|Week 5
|2021
|4.8
|5
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=WEEK 5 - DATA: Saturday, 6th February 2021 To Friday, 12th February 2021|url=https://www.barcindia.co.in/data-insights|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210325044546/https://www.barcindia.co.in/data-insights|archive-date=2021-03-25|url-status=live|website=BARC India}}</ref>
|-
|Week 7
|2021
|4.5
|4
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=WEEK 7 - DATA: Saturday, 13th February 2021 To Friday, 19th February 2021|url=https://barcindia.co.in/data-insights|url-status=bot: unknown|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210721175240/https://www.barcindia.co.in/data-insights#currencydata|archive-date=21 July 2021|website=BARC India|access-date=21 July 2021}}</ref>
|}

== Adaptations ==
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
!style="background:LightSteelBlue;" | Language
!style="background:LightSteelBlue;" | Title
!style="background:LightSteelBlue;" | Premiere date
!style="background:LightSteelBlue;" | Network(s)
!style="background:LightSteelBlue;" | Last aired
!style="background:LightSteelBlue;" | Notes
|-
|[[Hindi]]
|''[[Aapki Nazron Ne Samjha]]'' आपकी नज़रो ने समझा
|2 March 2021
|[[StarPlus]]
|9 October 2021
|rowspan="4"|Remake
|-
|[[Tamil language|Tamil]]
|''[[Raja Paarvai (TV series)|Raja Paarvai]]'' ராஜ பார்வை
|22 March 2021
|[[Star Vijay]]
|18 December 2021
|-
|[[Kannada]]
|''Akashadeepa'' ಆಕಾಶದೀಪ<ref>{{Cite web|title=Rezwan Rabbani Sheikh-Debchandrima Singha Roy starrer 'Sanjher Baati' to be remade in Kannada - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/bengali/rezwan-rabbani-sheikh-debchandrima-singha-roy-starrer-sanjher-baati-to-be-remade-in-kannada/articleshow/80209609.cms|access-date=2021-01-29|website=[[The Times of India]]|date=11 January 2021 }}</ref>
|21 June 2021
|[[Star Suvarna]]
|30 January 2022
|-
|[[Telugu language|Telugu]]
|''Krishnamma Kalipindhi Iddarini'' కృష్ణమ్మ కలిపింది ఇద్దరినీ<ref>{{Cite web|title='Sanjher Baati' set to have a Telugu remake - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/bengali/sanjher-baati-set-to-have-a-telugu-remake/articleshow/99316557.cms|access-date=2023-05-02|website=[[The Times of India]]|date=7 April 2023 }}</ref>
|9 May 2023
|[[Star Maa]]
|23 September 2023
|}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Acropolis Entertainment Pvt. Ltd.}}

[[Category:Bengali-language television programming in India]]
[[Category:2019 Indian television series debuts]]
[[Category:Star Jalsha original programming]]
[[Category:2021 Indian television series endings]]
[[Category:Acropoliis films]]

Jeakson Singh Thounaojam

2026-04-18T00:32:06Z

WernerStoate3: starting a bio

{{short description|Indian footballer (born 2001)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2018}}
{{Western name order|Thounaojam Jeakson Singh}}
{{Meitei name|Thounaojam|Jeakson|Singh}}
{{Infobox football biography
| name = Jeakson Singh
| image = Jeakson (cropped).jpg
| image_size =
| caption = Jeakson with [[Kerala Blasters FC]] in 2021
| fullname = Jeakson Singh Thounaojam
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|2001|6|21|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Thoubal]], Manipur
| height = 1.87 m
| currentclub = [[East Bengal FC|East Bengal]]
| clubnumber = 25
| position = [[Defensive midfielder]]
| youthyears1 = 2012–2016
| youthclubs1 = Chandigarh Football Academy
| youthclubs2 = [[RoundGlass Punjab FC|Minerva Punjab]]
| youthyears2 = 2016–2017
| years1 = 2017–2018
| clubs1 = [[RoundGlass Punjab FC|Minerva Punjab]]
| caps1 = 0
| goals1 = 0
| years2 = 2017–2018
| clubs2 = → [[Indian Arrows]] (loan)
| caps2 = 8
| goals2 = 0
| years3 = 2018–2019
| clubs3 = [[Kerala Blasters FC Reserves and Academy|Kerala Blasters B]]
| caps3 = 5
| goals3 = 0
| years4 = 2018–2019
| clubs4 = → [[Indian Arrows]] (loan)
| caps4 = 1
| goals4 = 0
| years5 = 2019–2024
| clubs5 = [[Kerala Blasters FC|Kerala Blasters]]
| caps5 = 71
| goals5 = 2
| years6 = 2024–
| clubs6 = [[East Bengal FC|East Bengal]]
| caps6 = 30
| goals6 = 3
| nationalyears1 = 2017–2018
| nationalteam1 = [[India national under-17 football team|India U17]]
| nationalcaps1 = 5
| nationalgoals1 = 1
| nationalyears2 = 2018–2020
| nationalteam2 = [[India national under-20 football team|India U20]]
| nationalcaps2 = 15
| nationalgoals2 = 0
| nationalyears3 = 2019–
| nationalteam3 = [[India national under-23 football team|India U23]]
| nationalcaps3 = 2
| nationalgoals3 = 0
| nationalyears4 = 2021–
| nationalteam4 = [[India national football team|India]]
| nationalcaps4 = 29
| nationalgoals4 = 0
| club-update = 13:30, 8 October 2023 (UTC)
| nationalteam-update = 15:30, 31 March 2026 (UTC)
| medaltemplates = {{MedalSport|Men's [[Association football|football]]}} {{Medal|Country|{{fb|IND}}}}
{{MedalCompetition|[[SAFF Championship]]}}
{{Medal|W| [[2021 SAFF Championship|2021 Maldives]]|}}
{{Medal|W| [[2023 SAFF Championship|2023 India]]|}}
{{Medal|Competition|[[CAFA Nations Cup]]}}
{{Medal|3rd|[[2025 CAFA Nations Cup|2025 Tajikistan–Uzbekistan]]|[[2025 CAFA Nations Cup squads#India|Team]]}}

}}

'''Jeakson Singh Thounaojam''' (born 21 June 2001) is an Indian professional [[association football|footballer]] who plays as a [[defensive midfielder]] for [[Indian Super League]] club [[East Bengal FC|East Bengal]] and the [[India national football team|India national team]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Jeakson Singh joins East Bengal: A major boost for the upcoming ISL season |url=https://www.transfermarkt.co.in/jeakson-singh-joins-east-bengal-a-major-boost-for-the-upcoming-isl-season/view/news/440923 |access-date=2024-07-26 |website=www.transfermarkt.co.in |language=en}}</ref>

==Club career==
===Youth and early career: 2012–2018===
Born in [[Manipur]], to a family that loved football, Jeakson's early introduction to the sport came from his father, who was a coach.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Jackson Singh - India U17 team's Manipuri midfield destroyer who croons in Punjabi|url=https://www.goal.com/en/news/jeakson-singh-india-u17-world-cup-team-destroyer-midfield/y6s83ggg6iik1tpaf5twly2gf|website=www.goal.com|access-date=22 May 2020|archive-date=6 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171006113734/http://www.goal.com/en/news/jeakson-singh-india-u17-world-cup-team-destroyer-midfield/y6s83ggg6iik1tpaf5twly2gf|url-status=live}}</ref> He was eleven years old when he left his hometown in Thoubal district to travel all the way to Chandigarh to join the Chandigarh football academy known as CFA.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Who is Jeakson Singh - India's first-ever goalscorer in a World Cup |url=https://www.goal.com/en-in/news/who-is-jeakson-singh-indias-first-ever-goalscorer-in-a-world/1vpvkkjksm1za1csiw5mmpcsm8|website=www.goal.com|language=en|access-date=22 May 2020|archive-date=27 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200627070949/https://www.goal.com/en-in/news/who-is-jeakson-singh-indias-first-ever-goalscorer-in-a-world/1vpvkkjksm1za1csiw5mmpcsm8|url-status=live}}</ref> After around five years at CFA, he later joined [[Minerva Punjab FC|Minerva Punjab]] academy where he was the part of their youth team. He formed a crucial part of the club's academy team which would go on to win the AIFF U-15 & U-16 Youth League titles two consecutive years. After the [[FIFA U-17 World Cup]], Jeakson was selected to play for the [[Indian Arrows]], an [[All India Football Federation]]-owned team that would consist of [[India national under-20 football team|India under-20]] players to give them playing time, on loan from Minerva Punjab.<ref name="U17">{{cite news|title=Matos Names 25-member Indian Arrows Squad for Hero I-league 2017-18|url=https://www.the-aiff.com/news-center-details.htm?id=8674|access-date=29 November 2017|work=The All India Football Federation|date=29 November 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180617024057/https://www.the-aiff.com/news-center-details.htm?id=8674|archive-date=17 June 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Minerva Punjab loaned players|url=https://twitter.com/Minerva_AFC/status/935784717382586369|website=Minerva Punjab (Twitter)|access-date=30 November 2017|archive-date=10 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210710150903/https://twitter.com/minervapunjabfc/status/935784717382586369|url-status=live}}</ref> He made his first-ever professional debut for the side in the Arrows' first match of the season against [[Chennai City F.C.|Chennai City]]. He started and played 90 minutes as Indian Arrows won 3–0.<ref>{{cite web|title=Indian Arrows 3-0 Chennai City|url=https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2017/11/29/india/i-league/aiff-xi/chennai-city/2683965/?ICID=PL_MS_04|website=Soccerway|access-date=21 February 2018|archive-date=17 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180617044323/https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2017/11/29/india/i-league/aiff-xi/chennai-city/2683965/?ICID=PL_MS_04|url-status=live}}</ref>

===Kerala Blasters===
====Kerala Blasters Reserves: 2018–2019 season====
In October 2018 [[Kerala Blasters]] announced the signing of Jeakson.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Kerala Blasters sign India's FIFA U-17 hero Jeakson Singh|url=https://www.onmanorama.com/in-depth/indian-super-league-2018/2018/10/03/kerala-blasters-sign-fifa-u-17-hero-jeakson-singh.html|access-date=2020-09-22|website=OnManorama|language=en|archive-date=1 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201001234439/https://www.onmanorama.com/in-depth/indian-super-league-2018/2018/10/03/kerala-blasters-sign-fifa-u-17-hero-jeakson-singh.html|url-status=live}}</ref> He was put on to the reserve side and made 5 appearances for the side in the [[I-League 2|I-League 2nd Division]]. After the season he was once again loaned to Indian Arrows to get some playing time.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Rajiv |first=Pranay |date=2023-10-08 |title=Jeakson Singh, the heart of Kerala Blasters' midfield, looks to return the love of Manjappada with an ISL title |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/sport/football/jeakson-singh-the-heart-of-kerala-blasters-midfield-looks-to-return-the-love-of-manjappada-with-an-isl-title/article67397500.ece |access-date=2023-10-20 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

==== Kerala Blasters: 2019–2020 season ====
He was promoted to the senior team by newly appointed Blasters coach [[Eelco Schattorie]] for the [[2019–20 Indian Super League]]. He started in the opening game itself against [[ATK (football club)|ATK]] on 20 October 2019<ref>{{Cite web|title=Young Jeakson Singh is taking his chances at Kerala Blasters|url=https://www.goal.com/en-in/news/kerala-blasters-jeakson-singh-taking-his-chances/1swyen30ms1j11lfgi7l72vxbw|access-date=2020-09-22|website=www.goal.com|archive-date=10 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210710150739/https://www.goal.com/en-in/news/kerala-blasters-jeakson-singh-taking-his-chances/1swyen30ms1j11lfgi7l72vxbw|url-status=live}}</ref> becoming the second-youngest player for the Blasters, behind [[Dheeraj Singh Moirangthem|Dheeraj Singh]]. He played 82 minutes in the defensive midfield position before being substituted by [[Sahal Samad|Sahal Abdul Samad]], as Kerala Blasters beat [[ATK (football club)|ATK]] 2–1 at home. He was later awarded the Emerging Player of the Match award. Despite the fact that the Blasters had a poor season, he was one of their bright spots and ended up featuring in 13 games in his debut season for the senior side, playing mostly in his natural defensive midfielder position.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-07-24|title=Nishu Kumar: Jeakson Singh is my favourite player at Kerala Blasters|url=https://khelnow.com/football/isl-kerala-blasters-ishfaq-ahmed-nishu-kumar-instagram-live/|access-date=2020-09-22|website=Khel Now|language=en-US|archive-date=20 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200920011538/https://khelnow.com/football/isl-kerala-blasters-ishfaq-ahmed-nishu-kumar-instagram-live|url-status=live}}</ref>

==== 2020–2021 season ====
On 12 December 2020, the Blasters announced that they have extended Jeakson's contract till the end of 2023 season.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-12-12|title=Jeakson Singh signs new multi-year contract extension at Kerala Blasters|url=https://khelnow.com/football/isl-2020-21-kerala-blasters-jeakson-singh-contract-extension|access-date=12 December 2020|website=khelnow.com|language=en|archive-date=12 December 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201212154606/https://khelnow.com/football/isl-2020-21-kerala-blasters-jeakson-singh-contract-extension|url-status=live}}</ref> On 20 December, he scored his first goal in the Indian Super League as well as for the Blasters by coming in as a substitute for [[Rohit Kumar (footballer)|Rohit Kumar]] in the 46th minute against [[SC East Bengal|East Bengal]] during the stoppage time, taking the game to a 1–1 draw.<ref>{{Cite web|date=20 December 2020|title=Jeakson Singh heads in late equaliser for Kerala Blasters to secure a point against East Bengal|url=https://www.indiansuperleague.com/news/jeakson-singh-heads-in-late-equaliser-for-kerala-blasters-to-secure-a-point-against-sc-east-bengal|access-date=20 December 2020|website=www.indiansuperleague.com|archive-date=20 December 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201220170727/https://www.indiansuperleague.com/news/jeakson-singh-heads-in-late-equaliser-for-kerala-blasters-to-secure-a-point-against-sc-east-bengal|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=20 December 2020|title=Kerala Blasters FC vs SC East Bengal Live Score Update, Commentary, Scorecard, Minute by minute updates|url=https://www.indiansuperleague.com/matchcentre/36506-kerala-blasters-fc-vs-sc-east-bengal|website=www.indiansuperleague.com|access-date=20 December 2020|archive-date=21 December 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201221042040/https://www.indiansuperleague.com/matchcentre/36506-kerala-blasters-fc-vs-sc-east-bengal|url-status=live}}</ref> On 27 December 2020, he had a good performance against [[Hyderabad FC|Hyderabad]], as Blasters registered their first win of the season by 2–0, where Jeakson won the Man of the Match award.<ref>{{Cite web|date=27 December 2020|title=Kerala Blasters FC vs Hyderabad FC Live Score Update, Commentary, Scorecard, Minute by minute updates|url=https://www.indiansuperleague.com/matchcentre/36511-kerala-blasters-fc-vs-hyderabad-fc|access-date=28 December 2020|website=www.indiansuperleague.com|archive-date=27 December 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201227130506/https://www.indiansuperleague.com/matchcentre/36511-kerala-blasters-fc-vs-hyderabad-fc|url-status=live}}</ref> In the Southern Derby against [[Bengaluru FC|Bengaluru]] on 20 January 2021, Jeakson was deployed as a [[Defender (association football)|center-back]] for the first time in his career.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kundu |first=Abhishek |date=21 January 2021 |title=Three points against Bengaluru FC was very important for us: Kerala Blasters coach Kibu Vicuna |url=https://www.sportskeeda.com/indian-football/news-three-points-bengaluru-fc-important-us-says-kerala-blasters-coach-kibu-vicuna |access-date=23 January 2021 |website=www.sportskeeda.com |language=en-us |archive-date=10 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210710150739/https://www.sportskeeda.com/indian-football/news-three-points-bengaluru-fc-important-us-says-kerala-blasters-coach-kibu-vicuna |url-status=live }}</ref>

==== 2021–2022 season ====
Jeakson was included in the Blasters squad for the [[2021 Durand Cup]], where he played all three matches for the club in the tournament.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Durand Cup 2021: Kerala Blasters FC announces squad|url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/football/indian-football/durand-cup-2021-kerala-blasters-fc-announces-squad-fixtures-ivan-vukomanovic-jeakson-singh/article36254591.ece|access-date=2021-11-22|website=Sportstar|date=2 September 2021 |language=en|archive-date=2 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210902164536/https://sportstar.thehindu.com/football/indian-football/durand-cup-2021-kerala-blasters-fc-announces-squad-fixtures-ivan-vukomanovic-jeakson-singh/article36254591.ece|url-status=live}}</ref> He played his first league match of the 2021–22 season on 19 November 2021 in the season opener against [[ATK Mohun Bagan FC|ATK Mohun Bagan]], which they lost 4–2.<ref>{{Cite web|title=ISL 2021-22 Highlights ATK Mohun Bagan vs Kerala Blasters: ATKMB opens campaign with 4-2 win; Boumous scores brace on debut|url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/football/isl/2021-2022/news/isl-2021-22-atk-mohun-bagan-vs-kerala-blasters-live-score-streaming-roy-krishna-boumous-sahal-vazquez-atkmb-kbfc/article37577667.ece|access-date=2021-11-22|website=Sportstar|date=19 November 2021 |language=en|archive-date=19 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211119192201/https://sportstar.thehindu.com/football/isl/2021-2022/news/isl-2021-22-atk-mohun-bagan-vs-kerala-blasters-live-score-streaming-roy-krishna-boumous-sahal-vazquez-atkmb-kbfc/article37577667.ece|url-status=live}}</ref> On 19 December, he provided an assist to [[Álvaro Vázquez]] who scored the second goal in a 3–0 victory against [[Mumbai City FC]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=ISL 2021-22: 10-man Mumbai City FC stunned by Kerala Blasters FC 3-0|url=https://www.wionews.com/sports/isl-2021-22-10-man-mumbai-city-fc-stunned-by-kerala-blasters-fc-3-0-438216|access-date=2021-12-19|website=WION|language=en|archive-date=19 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211219224442/https://www.wionews.com/sports/isl-2021-22-10-man-mumbai-city-fc-stunned-by-kerala-blasters-fc-3-0-438216|url-status=live}}</ref> Jeakson scored his first goal of the season against FC Goa on 2 January 2022, which ended in a dramatic 2–2 draw.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-01-02|title=FC Goa and Kerala Blasters play out 2-2 draw in a humdinger|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/football/fc-goa-and-kerala-blasters-play-out-2-2-draw-in-a-humdinger-7702700/|access-date=2022-01-03|website=The Indian Express|language=en|archive-date=3 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220103035856/https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/football/fc-goa-and-kerala-blasters-play-out-2-2-draw-in-a-humdinger-7702700/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=ISL 2021-22: FC Goa, Kerala Blasters play out 2-2 draw|url=https://olympics.com/en/news/isl-2021-22-kerala-blasters-vs-fc-goa-match-result-score|access-date=2022-01-03|website=Olympics.com|archive-date=3 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220103035854/https://olympics.com/en/news/isl-2021-22-kerala-blasters-vs-fc-goa-match-result-score|url-status=live}}</ref> He formed a solid partnership with [[Lalthathanga Khawlhring|Puitea]] in the midfield and helped the Blasters to reach the finals, which they lost to [[Hyderabad FC|Hyderabad]] on penalties.<ref>{{Cite web |date=March 21, 2022 |first=Adwaidh |last=Rajan |title=The strengths of ISL runners-up Kerala Blasters |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/indian-super-league/top-stories/the-strengths-of-isl-runners-up-kerala-blasters/articleshow/90359061.cms |access-date=2022-05-23 |website=The Times of India |language=en |archive-date=21 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220321183506/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/indian-super-league/top-stories/the-strengths-of-isl-runners-up-kerala-blasters/articleshow/90359061.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>

==== 2022–2023 season ====
On 25 April 2022, Jeakson signed a three-year contract extension that will keep him at the club till 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Jeakson Singh to stay with Kerala Blasters till 2025 |url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/football/isl/2021-2022/jeakson-singh-to-stay-with-kerala-blasters-till-2025/article38479736.ece |access-date=2022-04-27 |website=Sportstar |date=25 April 2022 |language=en |archive-date=27 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220427051428/https://sportstar.thehindu.com/football/isl/2021-2022/jeakson-singh-to-stay-with-kerala-blasters-till-2025/article38479736.ece |url-status=live }}</ref> He played his first match of the [[2022–23 Indian Super League]] season against East Bengal in the opening match of the season on 7 October, which they won 3–1.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sportstar |first=Team |date=2022-10-07 |title=Kerala Blasters 3-1 East Bengal highlights, ISL 2022-23: Ivan's brace on debut gives KBFC the win against EBFC |url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/football/isl/isl-kerala-blasters-vs-east-bengal-live-score-indian-super-league-2022-23-kbfc-vs-eb-updates/article65980552.ece |access-date=2023-04-11 |website=sportstar.thehindu.com |language=en |archive-date=29 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221129101738/https://sportstar.thehindu.com/football/isl/isl-kerala-blasters-vs-east-bengal-live-score-indian-super-league-2022-23-kbfc-vs-eb-updates/article65980552.ece |url-status=live }}</ref> He was also included in the Blasters' squad for the [[2023 Indian Super Cup]] season after the exit in the infamous ISL knockout stage match,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sportstar |first=Team |date=2023-04-03 |title=Super Cup 2023: Kerala Blasters announces 29-men squad |url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/football/kerala-blasters-announces-super-cup-2023-squad-kbfc-players-schedule/article66694929.ece |access-date=2023-04-11 |website=sportstar.thehindu.com |language=en |archive-date=8 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230408170347/https://sportstar.thehindu.com/football/kerala-blasters-announces-super-cup-2023-squad-kbfc-players-schedule/article66694929.ece |url-status=live }}</ref> and started as a substitute for [[Danish Farooq Bhat|Danish Farooq]] in the first group stage match against [[RoundGlass Punjab FC]] on 8 April 2023 in the 81st minute,<ref name="auto">{{Cite web |last=Sportstar |first=Team |date=2023-04-08 |title=Kerala Blasters vs RoundGlass Punjab FC HIGHLIGHTS, Super Cup 2023: Diamantakos, Nishu and Rahul score to give Kerala 3-1 win |url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/football/kerala-blasters-vs-roundglass-punjab-live-score-super-cup-2023-streaming-india-telecast-highlights-lineups/article66713945.ece |access-date=2023-04-11 |website=sportstar.thehindu.com |language=en |archive-date=8 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230408170347/https://sportstar.thehindu.com/football/kerala-blasters-vs-roundglass-punjab-live-score-super-cup-2023-streaming-india-telecast-highlights-lineups/article66713945.ece |url-status=live }}</ref> as the Blasters won the match 3–1 at full-time.<ref name="auto"/>

==== 2023–2024 season ====
In July 2023, after the departure of [[Sahal Abdul Samad]], Jeakson became the longest serving player in the Blasters squad. He played his first match of the season against [[Gokulam Kerala FC]] in the [[2023 Durand Cup]] tournament on 13 August 2023, which they lost 3–4.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-08-13 |title=Kerala Blasters 3-4 Gokulam Kerala Highlights: GKFC beats KBFC to win Kerala Derby in Durand Cup 2023 |url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/football/indian-football/kerala-blasters-vs-gokulam-kerala-live-score-kbfc-v-gkfc-updates-kerala-derby-streaming-goals-durand-cup-2023-highlights/article67190233.ece |access-date=2023-08-16 |website=Sportstar |language=en}}</ref> In the first away league game of the season against [[Mumbai City FC|Mumbai City]] on 8 October, Jeakson was substituted in the beginning of second half after suffering a shoulder injury following a challenge on [[Greg Stewart (footballer)|Greg Stewart]]. On 20 October, the Blasters' assistant coach [[Frank Dauwen]], during the pre-match press conference said that Jeakson needs surgery and will be out of action for two to three months.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Santhosh |first=Aswathy |date=2023-10-20 |title=Jeakson Singh faces extended sideline due to injury |url=https://thebridge.in/football/jeakson-singh-injury-kerala-blasters-44454 |access-date=2023-10-20 |website=thebridge.in |language=en}}</ref> On 3 November, the club confirmed that Jeakson has successfully undergone his shoulder surgery.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sportstar |first=Team |date=2023-11-03 |title=Jeakson Singh undergoes successful surgery but will miss FIFA World Cup 2026 qualifiers |url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/football/indian-football/jeakson-singh-kerala-blasters-india-midfielder-successful-shoulder-surgery-kbfc-isl-indian-football-injury-update/article67493326.ece |access-date=2023-11-04 |website=Sportstar |language=en}}</ref>

=== East Bengal ===
On July 19, 2024, it was announced that Jeakson had signed with [[East Bengal FC|East Bengal]]. He signed a 4 year deal with them for a record transfer-fee of ₹3.2 Crore, which was the highest in the Indian football's history.<ref>{{Cite web |title=East Bengal to pay record-breaking Rs 3.2+ crores transfer fee for Jeakson Singh |url=https://khelnow.com/football/indian-football-isl-2024-25-jeakson-singh-east-bengal-details-202407 |access-date=2024-07-26 |website=Khel Now |language=en-us}}</ref>

==International career==
===Youth===
Jeakson represented the [[India national under-17 football team|India under-17]] side which participated in the [[2017 FIFA U-17 World Cup]] which was hosted in India.<ref name="U17"/> In India's second match of the tournament, on 9 October 2017 against [[Colombia national under-17 football team|Colombia]], he scored India's first-ever goal in a [[FIFA]] World Cup tournament. His 82nd-minute header from a corner was the equaliser for India but the team conceded again a minute later, and went on to be defeated 2–1.<ref>{{cite web|title=India U17 1-2 Colombia U17|url=https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2017/10/09/world/u17-world-cup/india-india-under-17/colombia-under-17/2501199/|website=Soccerway|access-date=21 February 2018|archive-date=17 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171217204924/http://int.soccerway.com/matches/2017/10/09/world/u17-world-cup/india-india-under-17/colombia-under-17/2501199/|url-status=live}}</ref> Jeakson later played for the [[India national under-20 football team|India under-20 team]] and the [[India national under-23 football team|India under-23 team]].

===Senior===
After a breakthrough season with Kerala Blasters in the 2019–2021 season, he was named in the list of probables for [[India national football team|India]]'s World Cup Qualifier against [[Qatar]], but didn't make it to the final squad.

In March 2021, Jeakson was included in the final squad for India's friendlies against [[Oman national football team|Oman]] and [[UAE national football team|UAE]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Indian Football Team To Leave For Dubai On Monday For International Friendlies|url=https://sports.ndtv.com/football/indian-football-team-to-leave-for-dubai-on-monday-for-international-friendlies-2390509|access-date=2021-03-14|website=NDTVSports.com|language=en|archive-date=14 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210314100714/https://sports.ndtv.com/football/indian-football-team-to-leave-for-dubai-on-monday-for-international-friendlies-2390509|url-status=live}}</ref> He made his debut in a 1–1 draw against [[Oman national football team|Oman]] on 25 March 2021.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-03-25|title=India vs Oman, Match Highlights: Manvir Singh's equaliser sees India grind out draw under immense pressure |url=https://www.firstpost.com/sports/india-vs-oman-match-highlights-manvir-singhs-equaliser-sees-india-grind-out-draw-under-immense-pressure-9463261.html|access-date=2021-03-25|website=Firstpost|archive-date=25 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210325162108/https://www.firstpost.com/sports/india-vs-oman-match-highlights-manvir-singhs-equaliser-sees-india-grind-out-draw-under-immense-pressure-9463261.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

Jeakson was named in the 23-men [[2021 SAFF Championship squads#India|Indian squad]] for the [[2021 SAFF Championship]] in [[Maldives]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Stimac names list of 23 for the SAFF Championship|url=https://www.the-aiff.com/article/stimac-names-list-of-23-for-the-saff-championship|url-status=live|access-date=2021-10-16|website=All India Football Federation|archive-date=26 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210926081018/https://www.the-aiff.com/article/stimac-names-list-of-23-for-the-saff-championship}}</ref> He made his only appearance in the tournament by coming as a substitute in the [[2021 SAFF Championship#Final|final]] against [[Nepal national football team|Nepal]], where India won the match 3–0.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-10-16|title=India vs Nepal, SAFF Championship 2021 final highlights: India become champions after 3-0 victory|url=https://www.firstpost.com/sports/india-vs-nepal-saff-championship-2021-final-highlights-india-become-champions-after-3-0-victory-10059191.html|access-date=2021-10-16|website=Firstpost|language=en|archive-date=16 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211016201747/https://www.firstpost.com/sports/india-vs-nepal-saff-championship-2021-final-highlights-india-become-champions-after-3-0-victory-10059191.html|url-status=live}}</ref> In March 2022, he was again included in the national squad by coach [[Igor Štimac]] ahead of [[India national football team|India]]'s two friendly matches against [[Bahrain national football team|Bahrain]] and [[Belarus national football team|Belarus]].<ref>{{cite news|title=7 new faces as Stimac names final list of 25 for friendlies in Bahrain|url=https://www.the-aiff.com/article/7-new-faces-as-stimac-names-final-list-of-25-for-friendlies-in-bahrain|access-date=21 March 2022|website=the-aiff.com|publisher=[[All India Football Federation]]|date=21 March 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220323072947/https://www.the-aiff.com/article/7-new-faces-as-stimac-names-final-list-of-25-for-friendlies-in-bahrain|archive-date=23 March 2022}}</ref> On 14 June, Jeakson provided an assist for [[Sunil Chhetri]]'s second goal against [[Hong Kong national football team|Hong Kong]] in the [[2023 AFC Asian Cup qualification]], which India won 4–0.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sportstar |first=Team |title=India 4-0 Hong Kong Highlights: AFC Asian Cup qualifier, India beats Hong Kong after 29 years |url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/football/indian-football/india-vs-hong-kong-live-ind-vs-hk-afc-asian-cup-qualifiers-live-score/article38502936.ece |access-date=2022-06-14 |website=Sportstar |date=14 June 2022 |language=en |archive-date=14 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220614170408/https://sportstar.thehindu.com/football/indian-football/india-vs-hong-kong-live-ind-vs-hk-afc-asian-cup-qualifiers-live-score/article38502936.ece |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Personal life==
His cousin, [[Amarjit Singh Kiyam]], is also a footballer. Both of them represented the [[India national football team|Indian under-17 national team]] in the [[FIFA U-17 World Cup|2017 FIFA U-17 World Cup India]] where Amarjit captained the side.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Under 17 World Cup: Amarjit Singh and Jeakson Singh - brothers in arms - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/2017-u-17-world-cup/news/under-17-world-cup-amarjit-singh-and-jeakson-singh-brothers-in-arms/articleshow/60919654.cms|website=The Times of India|date=3 October 2017 |access-date=23 May 2020|archive-date=5 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190805223316/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/2017-u-17-world-cup/news/under-17-world-cup-amarjit-singh-and-jeakson-singh-brothers-in-arms/articleshow/60919654.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> Amarjit currently plays for [[FC Goa|Goa]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiansuperleague.com/players/midfielder-33993-amarjit-singh-kiyam-profile|title=Amarjit Singh Kiyam|publisher=Indian Super League|access-date=17 June 2020|archive-date=17 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200617145451/https://www.indiansuperleague.com/players/midfielder-33993-amarjit-singh-kiyam-profile|url-status=live}}</ref> His younger sister, Kritina Devi Thounaojam, also a footballer, represented India in youth teams.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Manipuri cousins hope family tradition continues at India 2021 |url=https://www.the-afc.com/competitions/fifa-u-17-womens-world-cup/latest/news/manipuri-cousins-hope-family-tradition-continues-at-india-2021|access-date=2021-02-27|website=the-AFC|language=en-GB|archive-date=22 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201022073054/https://www.the-afc.com/competitions/fifa-u-17-womens-world-cup/latest/news/manipuri-cousins-hope-family-tradition-continues-at-india-2021|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Career statistics==
===Club===
{{updated|matches played till 8 October 2023}}<ref name="soccerway">{{Soccerway|jeakson-singh-thaunaojam/513923}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|-
!rowspan="2"|Club
!rowspan="2"|Season
!colspan="3"|League
!colspan="2"|Cup{{efn|Includes [[Super Cup (India)|Super Cup]]}}
!colspan="2"|Continental
!colspan="2"|Other
!colspan="2"|Total
|-
!Division!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals
!Apps
!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals
|-
|[[Punjab FC|Minerva Punjab]]
|[[2017–18 Minerva Punjab FC season|2017–18]]
|[[I-League]]
|0||0||0||0||colspan="2"|– ||colspan="2"|–||0||0
|-
|[[Indian Arrows]] (loan)
|[[2017–18 I-League|2017–18]]
|I-League
|8||0||1||0||colspan="2"|–|| colspan="2"|–||9||0
|-
|[[Kerala Blasters FC Reserves and Academy|Kerala Blasters B]]
|[[2018–19 2nd Division League|2018–19]]
|[[I-League 2|I-League 2nd Division]]||5||0||0||0||colspan="2"|–||colspan="2"|–||5||0
|-
|Indian Arrows (loan)
|[[2018–19 I-League|2018–19]]
|I-League
|1||0||0||0||colspan="2"|–||colspan="2"|–||1||0
|-
| rowspan="6" |[[Kerala Blasters FC|Kerala Blasters]]
|{{nowrap|[[2019–20 Kerala Blasters FC season|2019–20]]}}
|[[Indian Super League]]
|13||0||0||0||colspan="2"|–||colspan="2"|–||13||0
|-
|[[2020–21 Kerala Blasters FC season|2020–21]]
|Indian Super League
|16||1||0||0||colspan="2"|–||colspan="2"|–||16||1
|-
|[[2021–22 Kerala Blasters FC season|2021–22]]
|Indian Super League
|19||1||0||0||colspan="2"|–||3{{efn|name=DurandCup|Appearance(s) in [[Durand Cup]]}}||0||22||1
|-
|[[2022–23 Kerala Blasters FC season|2022–23]]
|Indian Super League
|20||0||3||0||colspan="2"|–||colspan="2"|–||23||0
|-
|[[2023–24 Kerala Blasters FC season|2023–24]]
|Indian Super League
|3||0||0||0||colspan="2" |–||2{{efn|name=DurandCup}}||0||5||0
|-
! colspan="2" |Total
!71!!2!!3!!0!!colspan="2" |–!!5!!0!!79!!2
|-
! colspan="3" |Career total
!85!!2!!4!!0!!colspan="2"|–!!5!!0!!94!!2
|}
{{notelist}}

=== International ===
{{updated|31 March 2026}}<ref name="NFTprofile">{{NFT|82018}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
!National team!!Year!!Apps!!Goals
|-
| rowspan="8" |[[India national football team|India]]
|2021||2||0
|-
|2022||4||0
|-
|2023||13||0
|-
|2023||6||0
|-
|2023||3||0
|-
|2024||0||0
|-
|2025||0||0
|-
|2026||1||0
|-
! colspan="2" |Total!!29!!0
|}

== Honours ==

'''Kerala Blasters'''

* [[Indian Super League]] runner up: [[2021–22 Indian Super League|2021–22]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-03-21 |title=ISL final: Hyderabad give Kerala the blues |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/football/isl-final-hyderabad-gives-kerala-the-blues-7828652/ |access-date=2022-03-21 |website=The Indian Express |language=en |archive-date=20 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220320220013/https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/football/isl-final-hyderabad-gives-kerala-the-blues-7828652/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

'''India'''
* [[SAFF Championship]]: [[2021 SAFF Championship|2021]], [[2023 SAFF Championship|2023]]
* [[Tri-Nation Series (India)|Tri-Nation Series]]: [[2023 Tri-Nation Series (India)|2023]]
* [[Intercontinental Cup (India)|Intercontinental Cup]]: [[2023 Intercontinental Cup (India)|2023]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Further reading==
*{{cite web|url=https://halfwayfootball.com/minerva-academy-new-residential-program-at-bengaluru-sai-facility/|title=Minerva Academy Revolutionizes Indian Football with New Residential Program at Bengaluru SAI Facility|date=17 June 2023|access-date=17 June 2023|first=Anson|last=Jaison|website=halfwayfootball.com|publisher=Halfway Football India|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230617104035/https://halfwayfootball.com/minerva-academy-new-residential-program-at-bengaluru-sai-facility/|archive-date=17 June 2023}}

==External links==
*{{Soccerway|jeakson-singh-thaunaojam/513923}}
*{{GSA player|jeakson-singh/213384}}

{{Kerala Blasters FC squad}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Singh, Jeakson}}
[[Category:2001 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian men's footballers]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian sportsmen]]
[[Category:People from Thoubal district]]
[[Category:Footballers from Manipur]]
[[Category:Minerva Academy FC players]]
[[Category:Indian Arrows players]]
[[Category:Men's association football midfielders]]
[[Category:I-League players]]
[[Category:India men's youth international footballers]]
[[Category:Kerala Blasters FC players]]
[[Category:India men's international footballers]]
[[Category:I-League 2 players]]
[[Category:Indian Super League players]]
[[Category:Kerala Blasters FC Reserves and Academy players]]
[[Category:East Bengal Club players]]

Kinnaur Assembly constituency

2026-04-15T23:47:20Z

WernerStoate3: starting a pg...

{{short description|Legislative Assembly constituency in Himachal Pradesh State, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2017}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Kinnaur
| type = SLA
| constituency_no = 68
| map_image = 68-Kinnaur constituency.svg
| state = [[Himachal Pradesh]]
| district = [[Kinnaur district|Kinnaur]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Mandi Lok Sabha constituency|Mandi]]
| established = 1967
| reservation = ST
| mla = [[Jagat Singh Negi]]
| party = [[Indian National Congress]]
| latest_election_year = [[2022 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2022]]
| electors = {{formatnum:60289}}<ref name=election2022>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/14751-himachal-pradesh-general-legislative-election-2022/ |title=Himachal Pradesh General Legislative Election 2022 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=22 April 2023}}</ref>{{update after|2028|1}}
}}
'''Kinnaur''' is one of the 68 assembly constituencies of [[Himachal Pradesh]] a northern Indian state. [[Kinnaur]] is also part of [[Mandi Lok Sabha constituency]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ceohimachal.nic.in/Bkground/rpt_PCWISEELECTORS.pdf |title=Assembly Constituency wise Electors as on 15-09-2010 |publisher=Chief Electoral Officer, Himachal Pradesh website |accessdate=25 April 2011 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120314170045/http://ceohimachal.nic.in/Bkground/rpt_PCWISEELECTORS.pdf |archivedate=14 March 2012 }}</ref><ref name="eci1">{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/CurrentElections/CONSOLIDATED_ORDER%20_ECI%20.pdf|title=Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 2008|publisher=The Election Commission of India|pages=6, 158–164}}</ref><ref>[http://www.elections.in/himachal-pradesh/assembly-constituencies/kinnaur.html Sitting and previous MLAs from Kinnaur Assembly constituency]</ref>

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Year
!Member
!Picture
!colspan="2"|Party
|-
| [[1967 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1967]]
| rowspan="4" | [[Thakur Sen Negi]] ||rowspan=4 |
|{{Full party name with color|Independent (politician)}}
|-
| [[1972 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1972]]
|{{Full party name with color|Lok Raj Party}}
|-
| [[1977 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1977]]
|{{Full party name with color|Independent (politician)|rowspan=2}}
|-
| 1982
|-
|[[1985 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1985]]
| Dev Raj Negi ||
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[1990 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1990]]
| [[Thakur Sen Negi]] ||
| {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|[[1993 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1993]]
| Dev Raj Negi ||
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
|1995{{efn|by-election}}
| [[Jagat Singh Negi]] ||[[File:Jagat Singh Himachal.jpg|50px]]
|-
| [[1998 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1998]]
| [[Chet Ram Negi]] ||
| {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|[[2003 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2003]]
| [[Jagat Singh Negi]] ||[[File:Jagat Singh Himachal.jpg|50px]]
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[2007 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2007]]
| [[Tejwant Singh|Tejwant Singh Negi]] ||
| {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|[[2012 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2012]]
|rowspan="3" | [[Jagat Singh Negi]]<ref name=election2017/><ref>{{Cite web|title=Active Members HP Vidhan Sabha|url=http://hpvidhansabha.nic.in/ContactDirectory/MenuContactDirec|website=hpvidhansabha.nic.in|access-date=15 September 2018}}</ref>
|rowspan="3"|[[File:Jagat Singh Himachal.jpg|50px]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=3}}
|-
|[[2017 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2017]]
|-
|[[2022 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2022]]
|-
|}
{{noteslist}}

== Election results ==
===Assembly Election 2022 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2022 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Kinnaur}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Jagat Singh Negi]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=20,696 |percentage=46.95% |change={{decrease}}0.42 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Surat Negi |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=13,732 |percentage=31.15% |change={{decrease}}15.94 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Tejwant Singh]] |party=Independent politician |votes=8,574 |percentage=19.45% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Tersem Singh |party=Aam Aadmi Party |votes=580 |percentage=1.32% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Anil Kapoor |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=280 |percentage=0.64% |change={{decrease}}0.32 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Nota |party=None of the above |votes=223 |percentage=0.51% |change={{decrease}}0.08 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=6,964 |percentage=15.80% |change= {{increase}}15.51 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=44,085 |percentage=73.12% |change= {{decrease}}3.21 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 60,289 |ref = |change= {{increase}}8.84 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{decrease}}0.42 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 2017 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2017 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Kinnaur<ref name=election2017>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3815-himachal-pradesh-general-legislative-election-2017/ |title=Himachal Pradesh General Legislative Election 2017 |author=Election Commission of India |access-date=8 July 2021}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Jagat Singh Negi]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=20,029 |percentage=47.37% |change={{decrease}}6.52 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Tejwant Singh Negi |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=19,909 |percentage=47.09% |change={{increase}}9.55 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Jeevan Singh |party=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |votes=913 |percentage=2.16% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Kailash Chand |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=404 |percentage=0.96% |change={{decrease}}0.34 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Rajeev Kumar Negi |party=Rashtravadi Pratap Sena |votes=321 |percentage=0.76% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=None of the Above |party=None of the above |votes=249 |percentage=0.59% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=120 |percentage=0.28% |change= {{decrease}}16.07 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=42,282 |percentage=76.34% |change= {{increase}}2.18 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 55,390 |ref = |change= {{increase}}6.83 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{decrease}}6.52 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 2012 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2012 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Kinnaur}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Jagat Singh Negi]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=20,722 |percentage=53.89% |change={{increase}}9.78 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Tejwant Singh Negi |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=14,434 |percentage=37.54% |change={{decrease}}13.71 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Chet Ram Negi]] |party=Himachal Lokhit Party |votes=2,240 |percentage=5.83% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Kailash Chand |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=499 |percentage=1.30% |change={{decrease}}1.60 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Sunder Dev Negi |party=Nationalist Congress Party |votes=418 |percentage=1.09% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=6,288 |percentage=16.35% |change= {{increase}}9.22 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=38,450 |percentage=74.16% |change= {{increase}}3.16 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 51,850 |ref = |change= {{increase}}5.55 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Bharatiya Janata Party |swing= {{increase}}2.64 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 2007 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2007 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Kinnaur}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Tejwant Singh |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=17,873 |percentage=51.25% |change={{increase}}18.04 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Jagat Singh Negi]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=15,384 |percentage=44.11% |change={{decrease}}10.22 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Susheel Sagar |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=1,009 |percentage=2.89% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Bhagat Singh |party=Lok Jan Shakti Party |votes=465 |percentage=1.33% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=2,489 |percentage=7.14% |change= {{decrease}}13.98 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=34,875 |percentage=70.99% |change= {{decrease}}1.29 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 49,125 |ref = |change= {{increase}}1.26 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Bharatiya Janata Party |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{decrease}}3.09 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 2003 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2003 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Kinnaur<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1998 to the Legislative Assembly of Himachal Pradesh |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1998/StatisticalReport-HP98.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120111191922/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1998/StatisticalReport-HP98.pdf|archive-date=11 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Jagat Singh Negi]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=19,052 |percentage=54.33% |change={{increase}}14.63 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Tejwant Singh |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=11,646 |percentage=33.21% |change={{decrease}}16.36 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Sambub Chhosfale Negi |party=Himachal Vikas Congress |votes=2,728 |percentage=7.78% |change={{increase}}0.42 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Sukh Dev |party=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |votes=1,638 |percentage=4.67% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=7,406 |percentage=21.12% |change= {{increase}}11.25 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=35,064 |percentage=72.38% |change= {{increase}}1.15 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 48,513 |ref = |change= {{increase}}2.64 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Bharatiya Janata Party |swing= {{increase}}4.76 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1998 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1998 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Kinnaur<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1998 to the Legislative Assembly of Himachal Pradesh |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1998/StatisticalReport-HP98.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120111191922/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1998/StatisticalReport-HP98.pdf|archive-date=11 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Chet Ram Negi]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=16,667 |percentage=49.58% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Jagat Singh Negi]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=13,347 |percentage=39.70% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Sambub Chhosfale Negi |party=Himachal Vikas Congress |votes=2,473 |percentage=7.36% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Rattan Manjari |party=Independent politician |votes=1,132 |percentage=3.37% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=3,320 |percentage=9.88% |change= }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=33,619 |percentage=72.43% |change= }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 47,263 |ref = |change= }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Bharatiya Janata Party |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly By-election 1995 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1995 elections in India#Himachal Pradesh|1995 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly by-election]]: Kinnaur}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Jagat Singh Negi]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=17,056 |percentage= |change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Chet Ram Negi]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=14,563 |percentage= |change=}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=2,493 |percentage= |change= }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1993 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1993 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Kinnaur<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1993 to the Legislative Assembly of Himachal Pradesh |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1993/Statistical%20Report%201993%20Himachal%20Pradesh.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120111133700/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1993/Statistical%20Report%201993%20Himachal%20Pradesh.pdf|archive-date=11 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Dev Raj Negi |party=Indian National Congress |votes=13,746 |percentage=51.03% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Thakur Sen Negi]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=12,864 |percentage=47.75% |change={{decrease}}11.66 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Akal Jeet Negi |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=225 |percentage=0.84% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=882 |percentage=3.27% |change= {{decrease}}18.49 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=26,938 |percentage=66.83% |change= {{decrease}}6.63 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 40,923 |ref = |change= {{decrease}}0.21 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Bharatiya Janata Party |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1990 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1990 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Kinnaur<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1990 to the Legislative Assembly of Himachal Pradesh |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1990/Statisticall%20Report%20Himachal%20Pradesh%201990.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120114181905/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1990/Statisticall%20Report%20Himachal%20Pradesh%201990.pdf|archive-date=14 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Thakur Sen Negi]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=17,653 |percentage=59.41% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Gopi Chand |party=Independent politician |votes=11,187 |percentage=37.65% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Harish Chandra Negi |party=Independent politician |votes=633 |percentage=2.13% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Mangal Singh Negi |party=Independent politician |votes=239 |percentage=0.80% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=6,466 |percentage=21.76% |change= {{increase}}13.26 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=29,712 |percentage=73.58% |change= {{decrease}}1.43 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 41,008 |ref = |change= {{increase}}27.84 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Bharatiya Janata Party |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{increase}}5.16 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1985 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1985 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Kinnaur<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1985 to the Legislative Assembly of Himachal Pradesh |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1985/StatisticalReport%201985%20Himachal%20Pradesh.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120114090530/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1985/StatisticalReport%201985%20Himachal%20Pradesh.pdf|archive-date=14 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Dev Raj Negi |party=Indian National Congress |votes=12,859 |percentage=54.25% |change={{increase}}12.02 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Thakur Sen Negi]] |party=Independent politician |votes=10,843 |percentage=45.75% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=2,016 |percentage=8.51% |change= {{decrease}}7.03 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=23,702 |percentage=76.49% |change= {{increase}}3.00 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 32,078 |ref = |change= {{increase}}4.42 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Independent politician |swing= {{decrease}}3.51 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1982 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1982 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Kinnaur<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1982 to the Legislative Assembly of Himachal Pradesh|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/statisticalreports/SE_1982/Statistical%20Report%201982%20Himachal%20Pradesh.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120117041754/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/statisticalreports/SE_1982/Statistical%20Report%201982%20Himachal%20Pradesh.pdf|archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf|access-date=10 January 2024|url-status=live}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Thakur Sen Negi]] |party=Independent politician |votes=12,580 |percentage=57.77% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Gopi Chand |party=Indian National Congress |votes=9,197 |percentage=42.23% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=3,383 |percentage=15.53% |change= {{decrease}}32.95 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=21,777 |percentage=72.64% |change= {{increase}}12.11 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 30,721 |ref = |change= {{increase}}15.11 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Independent politician |loser=Independent politician |swing= {{decrease}}9.44 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1977 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1977 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Kinnaur<ref>{{cite web|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1977 to the Legislative Assembly of Himachal Pradesh |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/statisticalreports/SE_1977/Statistical%20Report%201977%20Himachal%20Pradesh.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160319174923/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/statisticalreports/SE_1977/Statistical%20Report%201977%20Himachal%20Pradesh.pdf|archive-date=19 March 2016|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Thakur Sen Negi]] |party=Independent politician |votes=10,543 |percentage=67.21% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Gyan Singh |party=Independent politician |votes=2,937 |percentage=18.72% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Balwant Singh |party=Janata Party |votes=2,207 |percentage=14.07% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=7,606 |percentage=48.49% |change= {{increase}}5.65 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=15,687 |percentage=62.20% |change= {{decrease}}11.77 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 26,689 |ref = |change= {{increase}}4.27 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Independent politician |loser=Lok Raj Party Himachal Pradesh |swing= {{decrease}}4.21 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1972 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1972 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Kinnaur<ref>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3802-himachal-pradesh-1972/ |title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1972 to the Legislative Assembly of Himachal Pradesh |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=10 February 2022}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Thakur Sen Negi]] |party=Lok Raj Party Himachal Pradesh |votes=12,896 |percentage=71.42% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Gyan Singh |party=Indian National Congress |votes=5,161 |percentage=28.58% |change={{increase}}16.88 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=7,735 |percentage=42.84% |change= {{decrease}}33.76 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=18,057 |percentage=70.61% |change= {{increase}}3.66 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 25,595 |ref = |change= {{increase}}11.49 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Lok Raj Party Himachal Pradesh |loser=Independent politician |swing= {{decrease}}16.88 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1967 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1967 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Kinnaur<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1967 to the Legislative Assembly of Himachal Pradesh |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Himachal%20Pradesh%201967.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120117081612/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Himachal%20Pradesh%201967.pdf|archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Thakur Sen Negi]] |party=Independent politician |votes=13,559 |percentage=88.30% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Gyan Singh |party=Indian National Congress |votes=1,797 |percentage=11.70% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=11,762 |percentage=76.60% |change= }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=15,356 |percentage=66.91% |change= }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 22,957 |ref = |change= }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner=Independent politician |loser= |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
* [[List of constituencies of the Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]
* [[Kinnaur district]]
* [[Kinnaur]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{cite web |title=Results of Himachal Pradesh Assembly Elections |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/category/74-himachal-pradesh/ |website=eci.gov.in |publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date=15 March 2022}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Himachal Pradesh|state=expanded}}
{{Himachal Pradesh elections|state=collapsed}}

{{coord|31.56|78.45|display=title}}

[[Category:Kinnaur district]]
[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Himachal Pradesh]]
[[Category:Politics of Himachal Pradesh]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1967]]
[[Category:1967 establishments in Himachal Pradesh]]

Ecuador–India relations

2026-04-15T14:37:15Z

WernerStoate3: creating initial entry basic info

{{Infobox bilateral relations|Ecuador–India|Ecuador|India}}

'''Ecuador–India relations''' are the international relations that exist between [[Ecuador]] and [[India]]. Ecuador has an embassy in [[New Delhi]]. India has an embassy in [[Quito]].

==History==
Ecuador and India established diplomatic relations in 1969.<ref name="MEA2016"/> Ecuador first opened its embassy in [[New Delhi]] in 1973, but closed it in 1977. The embassy operated again between 1984 and 1985, before opening again in February 2005, and a consulate general in [[Mumbai]] in 2013. The repeated opening and closure of the embassy was because of the expense incurred by Ecuador to maintain an embassy.<ref>{{cite web|title=Ecuador looks to India for better trade and investments|url=http://thebluemoon2008.com/what-ambassdors-say/ecuador-looks-to-india-for-better-trade-and-investments/|website=thebluemoon2008.com|access-date=29 March 2017|archive-date=30 March 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170330013202/http://thebluemoon2008.com/what-ambassdors-say/ecuador-looks-to-india-for-better-trade-and-investments/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=February 2012 |title=India - Ecuador Relations |url=http://icwa.in/pdfs/Equador_new.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130912055329/http://icwa.in/pdfs/Equador_new.pdf |archive-date=12 September 2013 |access-date=29 March 2017 |website=[[Indian Council of World Affairs]]}}</ref> India's embassy in [[Quito]] opened in 2025.<ref name="MEA2016">{{cite web |date=December 2016 |title=Brief on India - Ecuador Bilateral Relations |url=https://www.mea.gov.in/Portal/ForeignRelation/ECUADOR_Dec2016.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170908215749/https://www.mea.gov.in/Portal/ForeignRelation/ECUADOR_Dec2016.pdf |archive-date=8 September 2017 |access-date=29 March 2017 |website=Ministry of External Affairs, Government of India |publisher=Embassy of India, Bogotá}}</ref>

The two countries signed an MoU on holding regular foreign consultations in 2000. The first Foreign Consultation was held in 2005, followed by 2008, 2011 and 2014. Several ministerial level visits between the two countries have taken place. Several Ecuadorean Foreign Ministers and other dignitaries have visited India. From India, the highest level visits to Ecuador have been at the level of minister of state.<ref name="MEA2016"/>

The two countries have signed several bilateral agreements on co-operation in the fields of education (2006), agriculture (2008), and economic co-operation (2013).<ref name="MEA2016"/> India and Ecuador signed a Protocol on Joint Economic and Trade Committee (JETCO) in October 2015 in New Delhi.<ref>{{cite news |date=13 October 2015 |title=Eye on stronger ties, Ecuador seals trade pact with India |url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/economy/foreign-trade/eye-on-stronger-ties-ecuador-seals-trade-pact-with-india/articleshow/49340515.cms |access-date=29 March 2017 |newspaper=The Economic Times |agency=PTI}}</ref>

==Trade==
Bilateral trade between Ecuador and India rose from US$98.9 million in 2009 to $1.29 billion in 2014–15.<ref name = "Gateway House"/><ref name="MEA2016"/> Bilateral trade declined to $553.14 million in 2015–16.<ref name="MEA2016"/> India exported $415.45 million worth of goods to Ecuador, and imported $137.69 million in 2015–16.<ref name="MEA2016"/> The main commodities exported by Ecuador to India are mineral fuels/oils, wood and wood articles, cocoa and cocoa preparations, aluminum and related articles, machinery and mechanical appliances, lead, copper, zinc and articles thereof, and miscellaneous manufactured articles. The major commodities imported by Ecuador from India are mineral fuels/oils, iron and steel, pharmaceutical products, vehicles, organic chemicals, plastics and related articles, machinery and mechanical appliances, electrical machinery and equipment, rubber and articles.<ref name="MEA2016"/>

On 16 November 2008, the Foreign Minister of Ecuador [[Maria Isabel Salvador]] met her counterpart, [[Pranab Mukherjee]], and discussed co-operation in oil and defence. The new government in [[Ecuador]] reversed the earlier revenue-sharing arrangements with western oil companies and was keen to start a new partnership with state-owned [[ONGC]] Videsh.<ref name = "TheHindu1"/>

An MoU was signed between two state-owned oil companies ONGC Videsh and [[Petroecuador]], and another between the [[Confederation of Indian Industries]] (CII) and the Export and Investment Promotion Council of Ecuador (CORPEI) in 2006.<ref name="MEA2016"/>

==Defence==
Ecuador was the first country to purchase [[HAL Dhruv|Dhruv]] helicopters, of which one was for use by its president.<ref name = "TheHindu1">{{cite news|title=India to boost oil, defence ties with Ecuador|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/India-to-boost-oil-defence-ties-with-Ecuador/article15344639.ece|newspaper=The Hindu|date=18 November 2008|access-date=4 April 2017|language=en}}</ref> The [[Government of Ecuador]] signed an agreement with HAL to purchase 7 Dhruv helicopters at a total cost of $45.2 million in November 2008. [[Hindustan Aeronautics Limited|HAL]] delivered the 7 helicopters to Ecuador between 2009 and 2012. On 11 October 2015, Ecuador stated that it was grounding the fleet, after four of the seven helicopter crashed in separate incidents. The Ecuador Government stated that two helicopters crashed due to pilot error, while the other two were the result of mechanical failures. The Government also accused HAL of failing to ship some spare parts for the helicopters. HAL defended its helicopters stating that over 200 Dhruv helicopters were in service with the Indian military and operating without incident. The company blamed Ecuador's operation of the helicopters for the crashes, and also added that the 24-month warranty period of after-sales service support for the helicopters had already expired.<ref>{{cite web|title=Ecuador grounds made-in-India Dhruv chopper, terminates contract|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/india/ecuador-grounds-made-in-india-dhruv-chopper-terminates-contract/story-f6vT6lwzTxliJUS4nM1SFL.html|website=hindustantimes.com|access-date=29 March 2017|language=en|date=16 October 2015}}</ref><ref name="Gateway House">{{cite web |last=Seshasayee |first=Hari |date=26 November 2015 |title=India-Ecuador: growing past defence |url=http://www.gatewayhouse.in/india-ecuador-growing-past-defence/ |access-date=29 March 2017 |website=Gateway House}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=India blames Ecuador for Dhruv losses {{!}} IHS Jane's 360|url=http://www.janes.com/article/66017/india-blames-ecuador-for-dhruv-losses|website=www.janes.com|access-date=29 March 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170330001116/http://www.janes.com/article/66017/india-blames-ecuador-for-dhruv-losses|archive-date=30 March 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref> HAL also offered to send a team to Ecuador to resolve any outstanding issues.<ref>{{cite web|title=HAL team to visit Ecuador to resolve Dhruv copter crisis|url=http://www.financialexpress.com/industry/hal-team-to-visit-ecuador-to-resolve-dhruv-copter-crisis/160355/|website=The Financial Express|access-date=29 March 2017|date=3 November 2015}}</ref> Ecuador put its three remaining helicopters up for sale in 2016.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Peri|first1=Dinakar|title=India eyes Dhruv's foreign market|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/india-eyes-dhruvs-foreign-market/article17668821.ece|newspaper=The Hindu|date=27 March 2017|access-date=29 March 2017|language=en}}</ref>

Ecuadorian Vice Chief, General [[Rodrigo Bohorquez]], attended [[Aero India]] in February 2007 and Brigadier General [[Raúl Banderas Dueñas]] attended the Defence Expo in February 2010. Ecuador and India signed an MoU on defence co-operation in 2011.<ref name="MEA2016"/>

The Government of Ecuador maintains a [[Defence Attaché]] in its embassy in New Delhi. The Defence Attaché at the Embassy of India in [[Santiago]], [[Chile]] is jointly accredited to Ecuador.<ref name="MEA2016"/>

==Cultural relations==
Ecuador and India signed an MoU on cultural co-operation in 2006, and a cultural exchange programme between the two countries was held from 2009 to 2011.<ref name="MEA2016"/>

As of December 2016, about 350 Indian nationals reside in Ecuador, the majority of whom are employed in the service sector and in small businesses.<ref name="MEA2016"/>

==Foreign aid==
India and Ecuador agreed to set up a Centre for Excellence in Information Technology in August 2009. The centre, located at Northern Technical University (UTN) in [[Ibarra, Ecuador|Ibarra]], was opened in 2015. India donated medicines worth $1 million in 2008 and 2010 at the request of Ecuador. India donated 15 tons of medicines to Ecuador in the aftermath of an earthquake on 16 April 2016.<ref name="MEA2016"/>

Citizens of Ecuador are eligible for scholarships under the [[Indian Technical and Economic Cooperation Programme]] and the [[Indian Council for Cultural Relations]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Bilateral Relations India-Ecuador|url=http://www.embajadaindia.org/en/bilateral-relations/india-ecuador-en|website=Embassy of India, Colombia-Ecuador|access-date=29 March 2017|language=en-gb|date=7 April 2016|archive-date=22 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170922065924/http://www.embajadaindia.org/en/bilateral-relations/india-ecuador-en|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist|30em}}

{{Foreign relations of Ecuador}}
{{Foreign relations of India}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ecuador-India relations}}
[[Category:Bilateral relations of Ecuador|India]]
[[Category:Bilateral relations of India]]

Sethu Express

2026-04-05T10:32:13Z

WernerStoate3:

{{Italic title}}{{Short description|Train in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2016}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2016}}
{{Infobox rail service
| name = Sethu Superfast Express
| image = SETHU SF EXP LARGE NAME BOARD.jpg
| image_width = 300px
| caption = Sethu Superfast Express at Chennai Egmore.
| type = [[Superfast Express trains in India|Superfast]]
| locale = [[Tamil Nadu]]
| first =
| last =
| operator = [[Southern Railway zone|Southern Railway]]
| ridership =
| start = {{rws|Chennai Egmore}} (MS)
| stops = 15
| end = {{rws|Rameswaram}} (RMM)
| distance = {{convert|603|km|0|abbr=on}}
| journeytime = 9 hrs 30 mins
| frequency = Daily
| class = AC First, AC 2 Tier, AC 3 Tier, Sleeper Class, General Unreserved
| seating = Yes
| sleeping = Yes
| autorack =
| catering = E-Catering, On-board catering
| observation = Large windows
| entertainment =
| baggage = No
| otherfacilities = Below the seats
| stock = [[ICF coach]]
| gauge = {{RailGauge|1676mm}} [[Broad Gauge]]
| el =
| trainnumber = 22661 / 22662
| speed = {{convert|62|km/h|abbr=on}} average including halts.
| trainlength =
| sharing = 16751/16752 [[Boat Mail Express]]
| routenumber =
| maintenance = {{rws|Rameswaram}}
| map = [[File:Sethu Express (MS-RMM) Route map.jpg|250px]]
| map_state =
}}
The 22661 / 22662 '''Sethu Superfast Express''' is a [[Superfast Express trains in India|Superfast]] train of the Southern Railway zone of the Indian Railways and runs between [[Chennai Egmore]] and [[Rameswaram]] via [[Chord Line, Tamil Nadu|Chord line]] and [[Tiruchchirappalli Junction railway station|Tiruchirapalli]] - [[Karaikkudi Junction railway station|Karaikudi]] - [[Manamadurai Junction railway station|Manamadurai]] Branch line. It is a standard train consisting of 23 coaches. The train covers a distance of {{cvt|603|km}} with an average speed of {{cvt|69|km/h}}.

==Etymology==

The King of Ramanathapuram Samasthanam (Princely State) in [[Tamil Nadu]] bore the title Sethupathy. So the train running through this princely territory is named as Sethu express

The other reason being it connects the peninsular sub continental India with the Island city of Rameshwaram using the '''[[Pamban Bridge|Pamban bridge]]'''.

[[File:Sethu SF Express ( Chennai to Rameshwaram ).jpg|thumb|Sethu Express halted in Chennai Egmore]]

[[File:SETHU SF EXPRESS MS RMM.jpg|300px|thumb|right]]

== Traction ==
it was hauled by [[WAP-4]] or Tondiarpet-based [[WDM-3A]] and so was Golden Rock-based [[WDG-3A]]

== Coach composition ==
[[File:Sethu Express (2).JPG|thumb|Sethu Express passing near Chengalpattu Jn]]

Total number of coaches: 23

{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders unsortable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! rowspan="1" scope="col" style="background:#12ad2b;" | Loco
! rowspan="1" scope="col" style="background:#804a00;" | 1
! rowspan="1" scope="col" style="background:#ffd801;" | 2
! rowspan="1" scope="col" style="background:#ffd801;" | 3
! rowspan="1" scope="col" style="background:#ff00ff;" | 4
! rowspan="1" scope="col" style="background:#ff00ff;" | 5
! rowspan="1" scope="col" style="background:#ff00ff;" | 6
! rowspan="1" scope="col" style="background:#ff00ff;" | 7
! rowspan="1" scope="col" style="background:#ff00ff;" | 8
! rowspan="1" scope="col" style="background:#ff00ff;" | 9
! rowspan="1" scope="col" style="background:#ff00ff;" | 10
! rowspan="1" scope="col" style="background:#ff00ff;" | 11
! rowspan="1" scope="col" style="background:#ff00ff;" | 12
! rowspan="1" scope="col" style="background:#ff00ff;" | 13
! rowspan="1" scope="col" style="background:#ff00ff;" | 14
! rowspan="1" scope="col" style="background:#ff00ff;" | 15
! rowspan="1" scope="col" style="background:#00bfff;" | 16
! rowspan="1" scope="col" style="background:#00bfff" | 17
! rowspan="1" scope="col" style="background:#00bfff" | 18
! rowspan="1" scope="col" style="background:#0909ff;" | 19
! rowspan="1" scope="col" style="background:#ff007f;" | 20
! rowspan="1" scope="col" style="background:#ffd801;" | 21
! rowspan="1" scope="col" style="background:#ffd801;" | 22
! rowspan="1" scope="col" style="background:#804a00;" | 23
|-
|'''[[File:BSicon LDER.svg|25px]]'''
||SLR||GS||GS||S1||S2||S3||S4||S5||S6||S7||S8||S9||S10||S11||S12||B3||B2||B1||A1||HA1||GS||GS||SLR
|}

[[File:Sethu Express Small Name Board.jpg|300px|thumb|right]]

== See also ==
*[[Cholan Superfast Express]]
*[[Pallavan Superfast Express]]
*[[Pandian Superfast Express]]
*[[Vaigai Superfast Express]]
*[[Boatmail Express]]
*[[Rockfort Superfast Express]]
*[[Silambu Express]]
*[[Ananthapuri Express]]
*[[Pothigai Superfast Express]]
*[[Pearl City (Muthunagar) Superfast Express]]
*[[Chennai Egmore-Puducherry Express]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{commons category}}
* [http://indiarailinfo.com/train/chennai-egmore-rameswaram-sethu-express-16713-tpj-to-rmm/1365/787/1507 Indiarailinfo]

{{Railways in Southern India}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sethu Superfast Express}}
[[Category:Express trains in India]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Transport in Chennai]]
[[Category:Transport in Rameswaram]]
[[Category:Named passenger trains of India]]

{{India-express-train-stub}}

Leith's softshell turtle

2026-04-03T05:37:45Z

WernerStoate3: put up initial stub from scratch!

{{short description|Species of reptile}}
{{Speciesbox
| image = Leith's softshell turtle Nilssonia leithii 1.jpg
| status = CR
| status_system = IUCN3.1
| status_ref = <ref name="iucn status 19 November 2021">{{cite iucn |author=Praschag, P. |author-link=species:Peter Praschag |author2=Das, I. |author2-link=species:Indraneil Das |author3=Choudhury, B.C. |author3-link=species:Binod Chandra Choudhury |author4=Singh, S. |date=2021 |title=''Nilssonia leithii '' |volume=2021 |article-number=e.T2174A2778380 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T2174A2778380.en |access-date=19 November 2021}}</ref>
| status2 = CITES_A1
| status2_system = CITES
| status2_ref = <ref name="CITES">{{Cite web|title=Appendices {{!}} CITES|url=https://cites.org/eng/app/appendices.php|access-date=2022-01-14|website=cites.org}}</ref>
| genus = Nilssonia
| species = leithii
| authority = ([[John Edward Gray|Gray]], 1872)<ref name="iucn status 19 November 2021" />
| synonyms = *''Trionyx javanicus'' {{small|— Gray, 1831}} (part)
*''Testudo gotaghol'' {{small|[[Francis Buchanan-Hamilton|Buchanan-Hamilton]], 1831}} ''([[nomen nudum]])''
*''Aspilus gataghol'' {{small|— Gray, 1872}}
*''Trionyx leithii'' {{small|Gray, 1872}}
*''Isola leithii'' {{small|— Gray, 1873}}
*''Aspideretes leithii'' {{small|— [[Oliver Perry Hay|O.P. Hay]], 1904}}
*''Trionyx sulcifrons'' {{small|[[Nelson Annandale|Annandale]], 1915}}
*''Trionyx leithi'' {{small|[[Malcolm Arthur Smith|M.A. Smith]], 1931}} ''([[ex errore]])''
*''Amyda leithi'' {{small|— [[Robert Mertens|Mertens]], [[Lorenz Müller|L. Müller]] & [[species:Hans-Theodor Rust|Rust]], 1934}}
*''Aspideretes leithi'' {{small|— [[species:Binod Chandra Choudhury|Choudhury]] & [[Subramanian Bhupathy|Bhupathy]], 1993}}
*''Trionys leithii'' {{small|— [[species:Fritz Jürgen Obst|Obst]], 1996}}
*''Trionix leithi'' {{small|— [[species:Enrique Richard|Richard]], 1999}}
| synonyms_ref = <ref name="Fritz07">{{Harnvb|Fritz|2007|pp=310-311}}</ref>
| range_map =
| range_map_caption =
}}

'''Leith's softshell turtle''' ('''''Nilssonia leithii''')'' is a [[species]] of [[turtle]] in the [[Family (biology)|family]] [[Trionychidae]]. The species is found in peninsular [[India]]n rivers including the [[Tungabhadra River|Thungabhadra]], [[Ghataprabha River|Ghataprabha]], [[Bhavani River|Bhavani]], [[Godavari River|Godavari]], [[Kaveri]] and [[Moyar River|Moyar]] Rivers.<ref name=":0">Das, I.; Sirsi, S.; [[species:Karthikeyan Vasudevan|Vasudevan, K.]]; [[species:B.H.C.K. Murthy|Murthy, B.H.C.K]] (2014). "''Nilssonia leithii'' (Gray 1872) – Leith's Softshell Turtle". '''''In'':''' [[species:Anders Gunnar Johannes Rhodin|Rhodin, A.G.J.]]; [[Peter Pritchard|Pritchard, P.C.H.]]; [[species:Peter Paul van Dijk|van Dijk, P.P.]]; [[species:Raymond A. Saumure|Saumure, R.A.]]; [[species:Kurt A. Buhlmann|Buhlmann, K.A.]]; [[species:John B. Iverson|Iverson, J.B.]]; [[Russell Mittermeier|Mittermeier, R.A.]] (editors) (2014). ''Conservation Biology of Freshwater Turtles and Tortoises: A Compilation Project of the IUCN/SSC Tortoise and Freshwater Turtle Specialist Group. Chelonian Research Monographs No. 5''. pp. 075.1–5, {{doi|10.3854/crm.5.075.leithii.v1.2014}}, <nowiki>http://www.iucn-tftsg.org/cbftt/</nowiki>.</ref> The type locality is [[Pune]] in India.<ref>[[John Edward Gray|Gray, J.E.]] (1872). "Notes on the mud-turtles of India (''Trionyx'', [[Étienne Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire|Geoffroy]])". ''Annals and Magazines of Natural History, Fourth Series'' '''10''': 326–340.</ref>

==Etymology==
The [[Specific name (zoology)|specific name]], ''leithii'', is in honor of Andrew H. Leith, a physician with the Bombay Sanitary Commission.<ref>[[species:Bo Beolens|Beolens, Bo]]; [[species:Michael Watkins|Watkins, Michael]]; [[species:Michael Grayson|Grayson, Michael]] (2011). ''The Eponym Dictionary of Reptiles''. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. xiii + 296 pp. {{ISBN|978-1-4214-0135-5}}. (''Nilssonia leithii'', p. 155).</ref>

==Description==
''N. leithii'' is intermediate between ''[[Nilssonia gangetica|N. gangetica]]'' and ''[[Nilssonia hurum|N. hurum]]''. It is like the former in the width of the interorbital space, the comparatively short mandibular symphysis, and the markings of the head. It is like the latter in the longer and more pointed snout, the absence of a strong ridge on the inner alveolar surface of the mandible, and in the presence, in the young, of four or more dorsal ocelli, which are, however, smaller than in ''N. hurum''.<ref>[[George Albert Boulenger|Boulenger GA]] (1890). ''The Fauna of British India, Including Ceylon and Burma. Reptilia and Batrachia''. London: Secretary of State for India in Council. (Taylor and Francis, printers). xviii + 541 pp. (''Trionyx leithii'', p. 12).</ref>

Adults may attain a straight [[Turtle shell#Carapace|carapace]] length of {{convert|64|cm|in|abbr=on}}.<ref name=Das2002>Das I (2002). ''Snakes and other Reptiles of India''. Sanibel Island, Florida: Ralph Curtis Books. 144 pp. {{ISBN|0-88359-056-5}}. (''Aspideretes leithii'', p. 138).</ref>

==Diet==
''N. leithii'' [[Predation|preys]] on mosquito larvae, crabs, freshwater molluscs, and fish.<ref name=":0" /> It also sometimes feeds on small aquatic vegetation.<ref name=Das2002/>

==Reproduction==
The adult female ''N. leithii'' lays eggs in June. The eggs are spherical, and the diameter of each egg is 30 to 31 mm (1.2 in).<ref name=Das2002/>

[[File:1 Leith's Softshell Turtle (Nilssonia leithii) hatchling.jpg|thumb|Leith's softshell turtle (''Nilssonia leithii)'' hatchling found in [[Bhor]], Maharashtra]]

==Threats==
The species ''N. leithii'' is locally exploited throughout peninsular India.<ref>[[species:Appukuttannair Biju Kumar|Biju Kumar, A.]] (2004). "Records of Leith's softshell turtle, ''Aspideretes leithi'' (Gray, 1872) and Asian giant soft shell turtle, ''Pelochelys cantorii'' (Gray, 1864) in Bharathapuzha River, Kerala". ''Zoos' Print Journal'' '''19''' (4): 1445.</ref> Other major threats are riverine development projects, aquatic pollution, sand mining, construction of hydroelectric projects, poaching, and exploitation of eggs.<ref>{{cite web |last=Dharwadkar |first=Sneha |date=2020 |title=''Nilssonia leithii'' (Gray, 1872) |url=https://indiabiodiversity.org/species/show/238648 |access-date=2023-02-23 |website=India Biodiversity Portal}}</ref><ref name=":0" />

== Geographic range ==
Leith's softshell turtle is [[Endemism|endemic]] to [[South India|peninsular India]]<ref>[[species:Muhamed Jafer Palot|Palot, Muhamed Jafer]] (2013). "''Nilssonia leithii'' ".  '''''In'':''' Venkataraman, K.; Chattopadhyay, A.; [[species:Kumarapuram Apadodharanan Subramanian|Subramanian, K.A.]] (editors). (2013). ''Endemic Animals of India (Vertebrates)''. Kolkata: Zoological Survey of India. 235 pp., 26 plates.</ref> in the Indian states of [[Andhra Pradesh]], [[Karnataka]], [[Kerala]], [[Madhya Pradesh]], [[Maharashtra]], [[Tamil Nadu]]<ref name="iucn status 19 November 2021" /> and [[Odisha]]<ref name="iucn status 19 November 2021" />

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Further reading==
*[[John Edward Gray|Gray JE]] (1872). "Notes on the Mud-Tortoises of India (''Trionyx'', [[Étienne Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire|Geoffroy]])". ''Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Fourth Series'' '''10''': 326–340. (''Trionyx leithii'', new species, pp. 334–335).

==External links==
*{{Anchor|CITEREFFritz2007}}{{cite journal|journal=Vertebrate Zoology|title=Checklist of Chelonians of the World|year=2007|first=Uwe|last=Fritz|author-link=species:Uwe Fritz|author2=Havaš, Peter|author2-link=species:Peter Havaš |volume=57|issue=2|pages=149–368 |doi=10.3897/vz.57.e30895 |s2cid=87809001 |doi-access=free }}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Nilssonia leithii}}
*{{NRDB species|genus=Nilssonia |species=leithii }}

{{Trionychidae}}

{{Taxonbar|from=Q304147}}

[[Category:Nilssonia (turtle)]]
[[Category:Endemic reptiles of India]]
[[Category:Reptiles described in 1872]]
[[Category:Taxa named by John Edward Gray]]

Thirupathi (2006 Tamil film)

2026-04-01T05:51:05Z

WernerStoate3: new new page

{{Use Indian English|date=April 2024}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2024}}
{{Infobox film
| image = Thirupathi (2006 Tamil film).jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[Perarasu]]
| writer = Perarasu
| producer = {{ubl|[[M. Saravanan (producer)|M. Saravanan]]|[[M. S. Guhan]]}}
| starring = {{ubl|[[Ajith Kumar]]|[[Sadha]]|[[Arun Pandian]]}}
| cinematography = [[S. Saravanan]]
| editing = [[Anthony (film editor)|Anthony]]
| music = [[Bharadwaj (composer)|Bharadwaj]]
| studio = [[AVM Productions]]
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2006|4|14|ref1=}}
| runtime = 153 minutes
| country = India
| language = Tamil
| budget = 
| gross = 
}}

'''''Thirupathi''''' is a 2006 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[masala film|vigilante masala film]] written and directed by [[Perarasu]] and produced by [[AVM Productions]]. The film stars [[Ajith Kumar]] and [[Sadha]] in the lead roles, while [[Arun Pandian]], [[Riyaz Khan]], [[Sampath Raj]] in supporting roles.

''Thirupathi'' was released on 14 April 2006. The film was not well received by critics,<ref>{{Cite web |date=10 May 2006 |title=Thiruttu Payale succeeds |url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/2006/may/10spice.htm |access-date=7 August 2024 |website=[[Rediff.com]] |quote="While Tirupathi was torn to pieces by critics, they were unanimous about Thiruttu Payale" |archive-date=25 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230325085422/https://www.rediff.com/movies/2006/may/10spice.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> but Perarasu won the [[Tamil Nadu State Film Award for Best Story Writer]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tamil Nadu State Film Awards 2006 |url=https://www.webindia123.com/movie/awards/state/tamil/2006/index.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241007091413/https://www.webindia123.com/movie/awards/state/tamil/2006/index.htm |archive-date=7 October 2024 |access-date=17 October 2024 |website=Webindia123}}</ref>

== Plot ==
{{more plot|date=April 2024}}
Thirupathi's pregnant sister dies due to negligence by a corrupt doctor, who turns out to be Thirupathi's best friend Soori's brother. Soori decides to protect his brother from Thirupathi, who sets out to nab Soori's brother to avenge his sister's death.

== Cast ==
{{cast listing|
* [[Ajith Kumar]] as Thirupathi
* [[Sadha]] as Priya
* [[Arun Pandian]] as ACP Murali (Guest Appearance)
* [[Riyaz Khan]] as Soori
* [[Sampath Raj]] as Varadharajan, Soori's brother
* [[Pyramid Natarajan]] as Minister Mayavaran
* [[J. Livingston|Livingston]] as Chanakkiyan
* [[R. Sundarrajan]] as Thirupathi's father
* [[Rajalakshmi (actress)|Rajalakshmi]] as Thirupathi's mother
* [[Harish Raghavendra]] as Thirupathi's brother
* Deepu as Thirupathi's sister
* [[Sathyan (Tamil actor)|Sathyan]] as Thirupathi's friend
* [[Ganja Karuppu]] as Muthu, Thirupathi's friend
* [[M. S. Baskar]] as P. A. Brahma
* [[Anu Mohan (Tamil actor)|Anu Mohan]] as Temple Priest
* [[Aarthi (actress)|Aarthi]] as Priya's friend
* [[Vidharth]] as Henchman
* [[Manobala]] as Police Inspector
* [[Rajesh (Tamil actor)|Rajesh]] as Chief Minister (Guest Appearance)
* [[Bala Singh]]
* [[Suvarna Mathew]]
* [[Thalapathy Dinesh]] as Local Rowdy
* [[Benjamin (actor)|Benjamin]] as Thirupathi's friend
* [[Perarasu]] in a cameo appearance
* [[Laila (actress)|Laila]] as a dancer in Song (''"Keerai Vedhaippom"'')
}}

== Production ==
During the making of ''[[Sivakasi (film)|Sivakasi]]'', [[AVM Productions]] approached [[Perarasu]] to make a film with [[Ajith Kumar]] in the lead role.<ref>{{Cite news |date=6 August 2005 |title=AVM ropes in Ajith |url=http://ajithkumar.free.fr/news/news_172.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120326191632/http://ajithkumar.free.fr/news/news_172.htm |archive-date=26 March 2012 |access-date=17 September 2011 |work=[[The Hindu]] |via=ajithkumar.free.fr}}</ref> The director immediately accepted the offer and told the film's story to the producer during the meeting. The film was announced publicly two days later.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Warrier |first=Shobha |author-link=Shobha Warrier |date=7 December 2005 |title=Perarasu on Tirupathi |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/2005/dec/07per.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121102113922/http://www.rediff.com/movies/2005/dec/07per.htm |archive-date=2 November 2012 |access-date=17 September 2011 |website=[[Rediff.com]]}}</ref> The film was launched officially on 15 September 2005 with [[Vijay (actor)|Vijay]] attending the opening ceremony.<ref>{{Cite web |date=15 September 2005 |title=Ajith-Vijay sensational meeting at 'Thirupati' pooja – with pics |url=http://www.cinesouth.com/masala/hotnews/new/15092005-4.shtml |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100117172303/http://www.cinesouth.com/masala/hotnews/new/15092005-4.shtml |archive-date=17 January 2010 |access-date=17 September 2011 |website=Cinesouth}}</ref> This was AVM's 167th film as producer.<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=சரவணன் |first=ஏவி.எம். |author-link=M. Saravanan (producer) |date=28 August 2005 |title=ஏவி.எம் – 167! |url=https://archive.org/download/kalki2005-08-28/kalki2005-08-28.pdf |access-date=25 April 2024 |magazine=[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]] |pages=44–47 |language=Ta |via=[[Internet Archive]]}}</ref>

== Soundtrack ==
The music was composed by [[Bharadwaj (composer)|Bharadwaj]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Tirupathi |url=https://www.jiosaavn.com/album/tirupathi/hNOcDUfonWs_ |access-date=19 April 2025 |website=[[JioSaavn]] |archive-date=8 April 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250408183637/https://www.jiosaavn.com/album/tirupathi/hNOcDUfonWs_ |url-status=live }}</ref> The audio was launched on 14 March 2006 at AVM Studios.<ref>{{cite web |date=20 March 2006 |title=AVM studio: 60 years and counting |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/2006/mar/20avm.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070223080425/http://www.rediff.com/movies/2006/mar/20avm.htm |archive-date=23 February 2007 |access-date=19 April 2025 |website=[[Rediff.com]]}}</ref>

{{track listing|
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| headline = Track listing
| total_length = 29:19
| all_lyrics = [[Perarasu]]
| title1 = Aathadi Aathadi
| extra1 = [[KK (singer)|KK]], [[Mathangi Jagdish]]
| length1 = 5:01
| title2 = Thirupathi Vantha
| extra2 = [[Shankar Mahadevan]]
| length2 = 4:46
| title3 = Keerai Vedhaippom
| extra3 = [[Pushpavanam Kuppusamy]], Reshmi
| length3 = 5:13
| title4 = Yenaiye Yenaku
| extra4 = [[Vijay Yesudas]]
| length4 = 3:55
| title5 = Sollavum Mudiyala
| extra5 = [[Harish Raghavendra]], [[Swarnalatha]]
| length5 = 5:20
| title6 = Pudhu Veedu
| extra6 = [[Anuradha Sriram]], [[Tippu (singer)|Tippu]]
| length6 = 5:04
}}

== Release and reception ==
The satellite rights of the film were sold to [[Kalaignar TV]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Govardan |first=D |date=14 June 2007 |title=Karunanidhi family owns New TV channel Kalaignar |url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2007-06-14/news/28419240_1_raj-tv-raj-television-network-gemini-tv |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130629124355/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2007-06-14/news/28419240_1_raj-tv-raj-television-network-gemini-tv |archive-date=29 June 2013 |access-date=9 October 2015 |website=[[The Economic Times]]}}</ref> ''[[Sify]]'' wrote, "Perarasu and his ''Tirupati'' brings nothing new to the table, as even the dialogues, song picturisation and presentation is a continuation of his earlier two films. Sadly, we expected more from his combination with Ajit but the director seems to be obsessed with his do-gooder, larger-than-life hero with a heart of gold who tries to reform the society in his own unique way!".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tirupati |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/tirupati-review-tamil-14184669.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140531114938/http://www.sify.com/movies/tirupati-review-tamil-14184669.html |archive-date=31 May 2014 |access-date=25 June 2013 |website=[[Sify]]}}</ref> Malini Mannath of ''Chennai Online'' wrote "It's yet again about the sister, the mother and a few more sentiments added to it. The audience may get fed up of this repeated scenario being flogged to death. But the director's fascination for his dream subject seems not to allow him to look elsewhere for different material!".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mannath |first=Malini |date=21 April 2006 |title=Tirupathi |url=http://www.chennaionline.com/film/Moviereviews/2006/04tirupathi.asp |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061014121201/http://www.chennaionline.com/film/Moviereviews/2006/04tirupathi.asp |archive-date=14 October 2006 |access-date=17 March 2024 |website=Chennai Online}}</ref> Lajjavathi of ''[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]]'' wrote the film has influence of ''Sivakasi'' may have been avoided. In any case, one thing is true ''Thirupathi'' will be a turn for Ajith.<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=லஜ்ஜாவதி |date=30 April 2006 |title=திருப்பதி |url=https://archive.org/details/kalki2006-04-30/page/n1/mode/2up |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20240317151739/https://archive.org/details/kalki2006-04-30/page/n1/mode/2up |archive-date=17 March 2024 |access-date=17 March 2024 |magazine=[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]] |page=1 |language=ta |via=[[Internet Archive]]}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title}}
* {{Rotten Tomatoes}}
{{AVM Productions}}
{{Perarasu}}
[[Category:2000s masala films]]
[[Category:2006 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:2006 action films]]
[[Category:2006 films]]
[[Category:2006 Indian films]]
[[Category:Films about corruption in India]]
[[Category:Films directed by Perarasu]]
[[Category:Films scored by Bharadwaj (composer)]]
[[Category:Films set in Chennai]]
[[Category:Indian action films]]
[[Category:Medical-themed films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language action films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]
[[Category:AVM Productions films]]

Archaeology of Ayodhya

2026-03-26T18:31:09Z

WernerStoate3: created initial post needs work.

{{Short description|Research in Uttar Pradesh, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2020}}
The '''archaeology of Ayodhya''' concerns the excavations and findings in the Indian city of [[Ayodhya]] in the state of [[Uttar Pradesh]], much of which surrounds the [[Babri Mosque]] location.
{{Ayodhya debate}}

== British-era studies ==

In 1862–63, [[Alexander Cunningham]], the founder of [[Archaeological Survey of India]] (ASI), conducted a survey of Ayodhya.<ref name="IT_depths_2003">{{cite magazine |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/nation/story/20030324-ayodhya-dispute-digging-history-is-surgical-painstaking-and-frustrating-793228-2003-03-23 |title=Depths of Ayodhya |magazine=India Today |author=Ashok Malik |date=24 March 2003 |access-date=3 August 2015 |archive-date=16 January 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160116055004/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/ayodhya-dispute-digging-history-is-surgical-painstaking-and-frustrating/1/206830.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Cunnigham identified Ayodhya with ''Sha-chi'' mentioned in [[Fa-Hien]]'s writings, Visakha mentioned in [[Xuanzang]]'s writings and [[Saketa]] mentioned in Buddhist legends. According to him, [[Gautama Buddha]] spent six years at this place. Although Ayodhya is mentioned in several ancient Hindu texts, Cunningham found no ancient structures in the city. According to him, the existing temples at Ayodhya were of relatively modern origin. Referring to legends, he wrote that the old city of Ayodhya must have been deserted after the death of [[Brihadbala]] "in the great war" around 1426 BCE. When King [[Vikramāditya]] of [[Ujjain]] visited the city around first century CE, he constructed new temples at the spots mentioned in Ramayana. Cunningham believed that by the time Xuanzang visited the city in 7th century, Vikramaditya's temples had "already disappeared"; the city was a Buddhist centre, and had several Buddhist monuments.<ref name="AC_1871">{{cite book |author=Sir Alexander Cunningham |title=Four Reports Made During the Years, 1862-63-64-65 |url=https://archive.org/details/fourreportsmade01cunngoog |year=1871 |publisher=Government Central Press |pages=[https://archive.org/details/fourreportsmade01cunngoog/page/n477 317]–327 }}</ref> Cunningham's main objective in surveying Ayodhya was to discover these Buddhist monuments.<ref name="Peter_1994">{{cite book |author=Peter van der Veer |title=Religious Nationalism: Hindus and Muslims in India |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=p29ArJ7j6zgC&pg=PA159 |year=1994 |publisher=University of California Press |isbn=978-0-520-08256-4 |pages=159 |access-date=17 October 2016 |archive-date=29 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231229044157/https://books.google.com/books?id=p29ArJ7j6zgC&pg=PA159#v=onepage&q&f=false |url-status=live }}</ref>

In 1889–91, an ASI team led by [[Alois Anton Führer]] conducted another survey of Ayodhya.<ref name="IT_depths_2003"/> Führer did not find any ancient statues, sculptures or pillars that marked the sites of other ancient cities. He found "a low irregular mass of rubbish heaps", from which material had been used for building the neighbouring Muslim city of Faizabad. The only ancient structures found by him were three earthen mounds to the south of the city: ''Maniparbat'', ''Kuberparbat'' and ''Sugribparbat''. Cunningham identified these mounds with the sites of the monasteries described in Xuanzang's writings. Like Cunningham, Führer also mentioned the legend of the Ramayana-era city being destroyed after death of Brihadbala, and its rebuilding by Vikramaditya. He wrote that the existing Hindu and Jain temples in the city were modern, although they occupied the sites of the ancient temples that had been destroyed by Muslims. The five [[Digambara]] Jain temples had been built in 1781 CE to mark the birth places of five [[tirthankara]]s, who are said to have been born at Ayodhya. A [[Śvetāmbara]] Jain temple dedicated to [[Ajitanatha]] was built in 1881. Based on local folk narratives, Führer wrote that Ayodhya had three Hindu temples at the time of Muslim conquest: ''Janmasthanam'' (where Rama was born), ''Svargadvaram'' (where Rama was cremated) and ''Treta-ke-Thakur'' (where Rama performed a sacrifice). According to Führer, Mir Khan built the Babri mosque at the place of ''Janmasthanam'' temple in 930 [[Hijra (Islam)|AH]] (1523 CE). He stated that many columns of the old temple had been utilized by the Muslims for the construction of Babri mosque: these pillars were of black stone, called ''kasauti'' by the natives. Führer also wrote that Aurangzeb had built now-ruined mosques at the sites of ''Svargadvaram'' and ''Treta-ke-Thakur'' temples. A fragmentary inscription of [[Jaichand of Kannauj|Jayachandra of Kannauj]], dated to 1241 [[Vikram Samvat|Samvat]] (1185 CE), and a record of a Vishnu temple's construction were recovered from Aurangazeb's ''Treta-ke-Thakur'' mosque, and kept in Faizabad museum.<ref name="AF_1891">{{cite book |author=Alois Anton Führer|title=The monumental antiquities and inscriptions: in the North-Western Provinces and Oudh|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tGVBAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA297|year=1891|publisher=Printed and pub. by the superintendent, Government press, N.-W.P. and Oudh|pages=295–300|access-date=17 October 2016|archive-date=29 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231229044259/https://books.google.com/books?id=tGVBAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA295#v=onepage&q&f=false|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Excavation of 1969-1970==
[[File:Ayodhya-jain-teracotta.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Terracotta figure of [[Jainism|Jain]] ascetic found in B. B. Lal's excavation]]

[[Awadh Kishore Narain]] of [[Banaras Hindu University]] led an excavation in Ayodhya during 1969–70. He dated establishment of Ayodhya to early 17th century BCE, and also observed that there was evidence of strong Jain presence in the area.<ref name="TH_Sushil_2003">{{cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/the-asi-report-a-review/article797088.ece |title=The ASI Report – a review |author=Sushil Srivastava |author-link=Sushil Srivastava |work=The Hindu |date=25 October 2003 |access-date=24 December 2014 |archive-date=20 December 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131220182615/http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/the-asi-report-a-review/article797088.ece |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Ramayana sites (1975-1985)==

===Excavations===
Professor [[B. B. Lal (archaeologist)|B. B. Lal]] led a more detailed [[Archaeological Survey of India|ASI]] study of the area in 1975–76.<ref name="TH_Sushil_2003"/> The team of archaeologists of the ASI, led by former Director-General ASI (1968–1972), B. B. Lal in 1975–76, worked on a project titled "Archaeology of Ramayana Sites", which excavated five [[Ramayana]]-related sites of [[Ayodhya]], Bharadwaj Ashram, Nandigram, [[Chitrakoot Dham (Karwi)|Chitrakoot]] and Shringaverapura.<ref name=exp/>

Though the results of this study were not published in that period,<ref name=exp/> between 1975 and 1985 an archaeological project was carried out in [[Ayodhya]] to examine certain sites referenced to in the [[Ramayana]] or that belong to its tradition. Ascribed to the 14th century AD, it is the oldest image found in Ayodhya. The Babri Mosque site was one of the fourteen sites examined during this project. B. B. Lal conducted excavations in Ayodhya and found a terracotta image showing a [[Jainism|Jain]] ascetic.<ref name="Long ago, by the Sarayu">{{Cite web|title=Long ago, by the Sarayu|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/express-sunday-eye/ayodhya-ramayana-buddha-mahavira-babri-masjid-buddhism-jainism-6085556/|date=2019-10-27|website=The Indian Express|access-date=2020-05-27|archive-date=11 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201011075557/https://indianexpress.com/article/express-sunday-eye/ayodhya-ramayana-buddha-mahavira-babri-masjid-buddhism-jainism-6085556/|url-status=live}}</ref>

=== Jain claims ===
Jain Samata Vahini, a social organisation of the Jains stated that the excavation conducted at Hanuman Garhi by Prof B. B. Lal in 1976 threw up a grey terracotta figurine that was dated back to the fourth century AD,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Digging doubts-II: Jain figurines found, but no Ram {{!}} India News|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Digging-doubts-II-Jain-figurines-found-but-no-Ram/articleshow/153359.cms|date=29 August 2003|first=Royden|last=D'Souza|website=The Times of India|access-date=2020-05-27|archive-date=17 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200917071716/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Digging-doubts-II-Jain-figurines-found-but-no-Ram/articleshow/153359.cms|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Jain body claims disputed site in Ayodhya {{!}} India News|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Jain-body-claims-disputed-site-in-Ayodhya/articleshow/39766315.cms|date=9 March 2003|website=The Times of India|access-date=2020-05-27|archive-date=19 December 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201219055742/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Jain-body-claims-disputed-site-in-Ayodhya/articleshow/39766315.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> and Prof B. B. Lal, former director-general of the Archaeological Survey of India also acknowledge the same.<ref name="Long ago, by the Sarayu"/>

==Lal's pillars (1990)==
Lal took a controversial{{sfn|Coningham|Young|2015|p=84}}<ref name="Bernbeck_Pollock"/>{{sfn|Hole|2016}}{{sfn|Romey|2006|p=105-106}} stance in the Ayodhya dispute. Writing in 1977, Lal stated in the official ASI-journal that finds were "devoid of any special interest."{{sfn|Romey|2006|p=105}}

In 1990, after his retirement, he wrote in a [[Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh|RSS]] magazine{{Efn|Manthan, a journal of the Deendayal Research Institute, a front organization of the RSS.}} that he had found the remains of a columned temple under the mosque,<ref name="Bernbeck_Pollock">Reinhard Bernbeck, Susan Pollock (1996), ''Ayodhya, Archaeology, and Identity''. Current Anthropology, Volume37, Supplement, February 1996, p.S139</ref>{{sfn|Bhan|1997|p=11}}{{sfn|Romey|2006|p=105}} and "embarked on a spree of lectures all over the country propagating th[is] evidence from Ayodhya."{{sfn|Bhan|1997|p=11}} In Lal's 2008 book, ''Rāma, His Historicity, Mandir and Setu: Evidence of Literature, Archaeology and Other Sciences'', he writes (that):<ref>{{cite web| title = Ayodhya: High Court relies on ASI's 2003 report| publisher = Economic Times| url = http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2010-10-01/news/27573745_1_hindu-temple-b-b-lal-asi| date = Oct 1, 2010| access-date = 9 August 2013| archive-date = 7 January 2014| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140107164024/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2010-10-01/news/27573745_1_hindu-temple-b-b-lal-asi| url-status = dead}}</ref>
{{blockquote|Attached to the piers of the Babri Masjid, there were twelve stone pillars, which carried not only typical Hindu motifs and mouldings, but also figures of Hindu deities. It was self-evident that these pillars were not an integral part of the Masjid, but were foreign to it.}}

[[Ram Sharan Sharma|R.S. Sharma]] and [[Suraj Bhan (archaeologist)|Suraj Bhan]] both concluded the ruins were 'an ordinary structure of reused bricks, which was neither religious nor monumental'. [[K. V. Soundararajan]], who was Co-Director (with B.B. Lal) of the first phase of the Ramayana Project, endorses this view. He recalls that 'The [pillar bases] are not arranged in any kind of harmony reflecting a common origin.'<ref name=":0" />

In a 2003 statement to the [[Allahabad High Court]], Lal stated that he submitted a seven-page preliminary report to the Archaeological Survey of India in 1989, mentioning the discovery of "pillar bases", immediately south of the [[Babri mosque]] structure in Ayodhya. Subsequently, all technical facilities were withdrawn and the project wasn't revived for another 10–12 years, despite his repeated request. Thus the final report was never submitted, the preliminary report was only published in 1989, and in [[Indian Council of Historical Research]] (ICHR) volume on historicity of Ramayana and Mahabharat.<ref name="exp">{{cite news|title=I found pillar bases back in mid-seventies: Prof Lal|url=http://www.indianexpress.com/oldStory/19644/|newspaper=The Indian Express|date=6 March 2003|access-date=2013-08-09|archive-date=9 August 2013|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130809070630/http://www.indianexpress.com/oldStory/19644/|url-status=live}}</ref> Subsequently, in his 2008 book, ''Rama: His Historicity Mandir and Setu'', he wrote, "Attached to the piers of the Babri Masjid, there were twelve stone pillars, which carried not only typical Hindu motifs and mouldings, but also figures of Hindu deities. It was self-evident that these pillars were not an integral part of the Masjid, but were foreign to it."<ref name="eco">{{cite news| title = Ayodhya: High Court relies on ASI's 2003 report| newspaper = The Economic Times| url = http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2010-10-01/news/27573745_1_hindu-temple-b-b-lal-asi| date = 1 October 2010| access-date = 2013-08-09| archive-date = 7 January 2014| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140107164024/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2010-10-01/news/27573745_1_hindu-temple-b-b-lal-asi| url-status = dead}}</ref>

Lal's stance gave an enormous boost to the Ram Temple cause, but his conclusions have been contested by multiple scholars, questioning both the stratigraphic information, and the kind of structure envisioned by Lal.<ref name="Bernbeck_Pollock"/>{{sfn|Romey|2006|p=105}} According to Hole,{{sfn|Hole|2016}}
{{blockquote|Later independent analysis of photographs of the trench in which Lal claimed to have found the pillar bases found that they were actually the remains of various walls of different, non-centemporaneous structural phases, and could not have been load-bearing structures (Mandal 2003) [...] other than one photograph, Lal has never made the notebooks and sketches of his excavations available to other scholars so that his interpretation could be tested.}}
Hole concludes that "the structural elements he had previously thought insignificant suddenly became temple foundations only in order to manufacture support for the nationalists' cause."{{sfn|Hole|2016}}

B. B. Lal's team also had [[K. K. Muhammed]], who in his autobiography claimed that a Hindu temple was found in the excavation, and said that left historians are misleading the Muslim communities by aligning with fundamentalists.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.firstpost.com/india/left-historians-connived-with-extremists-mislead-muslims-on-babri-issue-says-archaeologist-in-new-book-2592188.html|title=Left historians prevented resolution of Babri Masjid dispute, says KK Mohammed, former ASI regional head|website=Firstpost|date=21 January 2016|access-date=2019-11-21|archive-date=3 November 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231103031506/https://www.firstpost.com/india/left-historians-connived-with-extremists-mislead-muslims-on-babri-issue-says-archaeologist-in-new-book-2592188.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.asianage.com/metros/mumbai/110517/muslims-misled-over-ayodhya-says-k-k-mohammed.html|title=Muslims misled over Ayodhya, says KK Mohammed|last=Singh|first=Varun|date=2017-05-11|website=The Asian Age|access-date=2019-11-21|archive-date=30 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200530004844/https://www.asianage.com/metros/mumbai/110517/muslims-misled-over-ayodhya-says-k-k-mohammed.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

==June to July 1992==
In July 1992, eight eminent archaeologists (among them former ASI directors, Dr. Y.D. Sharma and Dr. K.M. Srivastava) went to the Ramkot hill to evaluate and examine the findings. These findings included religious sculptures and a statue of [[Vishnu]]. They said that the inner boundary of the disputed structure rests, at least on one side, on an earlier existing structure, which "may have belonged to an earlier temple".<ref>{{cite book |last1=Elst |first1=Koenraad |author1-link=Koenraad Elst |editor1-last=Pollet |editor1-first=Ag |title=Indian Epic Values: Rāmāyaṇa and Its Impact: Proceedings of the 8th International Rāmāyaṇa Conference, Leuven, 6-8 July 1991 |date=1995 |publisher=Peeters Publishers |isbn=978-90-6831-701-5 |pages=21–42 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EVnK3q48dL0C |language=en |chapter=The Ayodha Debate |id=Elst quoting''The Indian Express'' of 4 July 1992 (p.41): "... may have belonged to an earlier temple" |access-date=20 March 2023 |archive-date=29 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231229044311/https://books.google.com/books?id=EVnK3q48dL0C |url-status=live }}</ref> The objects examined by them also included [[terracotta]] Hindu images of the [[Kushan Empire|Kushan]] period (100–300 AD) and carved buff [[sandstone]] objects that showed images of Vaishnav deities and of [[Shiva]]-[[Parvati]]. They concluded that these fragments belonged to a temple of the [[Nagara architecture|Nagara]] style (900–1200 AD).{{Citation needed|date=January 2024}}

==1992 - Vishnu-Hari inscription==
{{see also|Vishnu-Hari inscription}}

During the demolition of the Babri mosque in December 1992, three inscriptions on stone were found. The most important one is the [[Vishnu]]-[[Hari]] inscription inscribed on a 1.10 x .56-metre slab with 20 lines that was provisionally dated to ca. 1140. The inscription mentioned that the temple was dedicated to "[[Vishnu]], slayer of [[Vali (Ramayana)|Bali]] and of the ten-headed one".{{efn|[[Rama]] is an incarnation of Vishnu who is said to have defeated Bali and Ravana.}}<ref name="Puratattva pp. 35">(''[[Puratattva]]'', No. 23 (1992–3), pp. 35 ff.)</ref> The inscription is written in the [[Nāgarī script]], a [[Sanskrit]] script (or {{lang|sa|[[Lipi (script)|lipi]]}}) of the 11th and 12th century.<ref name="Puratattva pp. 35" /> It was examined by world class epigraphists and Sanskrit scholars (among them Prof. [[Ajay Mitra Shastri]]).<ref name="Puratattva pp. 35" />

Ajay Mitra Shastri, Chairman of the Epigraphical Society of India and a specialist in [[epigraphy]] and [[numismatics]], examined the Vishnu-Hari inscription and stated:<ref name="Puratattva pp. 35" />
{{blockquote|The inscription is composed in high-flown Sanskrit verse, except for a small portion in prose, and is engraved in the chaste and classical Nagari script of the eleventh-twelfth century AD. It was evidently put up on the wall of the temple, the construction of which is recorded in the text inscribed on it. Line 15 of this inscription, for example, clearly tells us that a beautiful temple of Vishnu-Hari, built with heaps of stone (''sila-samhati-grahais'') and beautified with a golden [[spire]] (''hiranya-kalasa-srisundaram'') unparalleled by any other temple built by earlier kings (''purvvair-apy-akrtam krtam nrpatibhir'') was constructed. This wonderful temple (''aty-adbhutam'') was built in the temple-city (''vibudh-alaayni'') of Ayodhya situated in the ''Saketamandala'' (district, line 17) (...). Line 19 describes god Vishnu as destroying king ''Bali'' (apparently in the [[Vamana]] manifestation) and the ten-headed personage (''Dasanana'', i.e., [[Ravana]]).}}

Following allegations that the [[Vishnu Hari inscription]] corresponded to an inscription dedicated to Vishnu that was supposedly missing in the [[Lucknow]] State Museum since the 1980s, the museum director Jitendra Kumar stated that the inscription had never been missing from the museum, although it was not on display. He showed the inscription held by his museum at a press conference for all to see. It was different in shape, colour and textual content from the Vishnu-Hari inscription.<ref>(Hindustan Times, 8 May 2003)</ref>{{full citation needed|date=January 2022}}<ref>{{cite news |editor=TNN |date=8 May 2003|title=New twist to the inscription row|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/lucknow/new-twist-to-the-inscription-row/articleshow/45702902.cms|work= Times of India|access-date=3 February 2024}}</ref>

==2003 excavations==

Claude Robillard, the chief [[geophysicist]] stated the following:<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.rediff.com/news/2003/mar/18up.htm |title=Structure below demolished Masjid: Canadian expert |date=19 March 2003 |author=Ajit Jain |work=Rediff.com |access-date=6 January 2016 |archive-date=4 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304061839/http://www.rediff.com/news/2003/mar/18up.htm |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.rediff.com/news/2003/mar/10josy.htm |title=Rediff Online News, March 19, 2003 |work=Rediff.com |access-date=2012-06-11 |archive-date=10 September 2005 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050910194755/http://www.rediff.com/news/2003/mar/10josy.htm |url-status=live }}</ref>
{{blockquote|There are some anomalies found underneath the site relating to some archaeological features. You might associate them [the anomalies] with pillars, or floors, or concrete floors, wall foundation or something. These anomalies could be associated with archaeological features but until we dig, I can't say for sure what the construction is under the mosque.}}

The [[Archaeological Survey of India]] (ASI) excavated the Ram Janambhoomi–Babri Mosque site at the direction of the [[Lucknow]] Bench of the [[Allahabad High Court]] in [[Uttar Pradesh]] in 2003. The archaeologists also reported indications of a large structure that pre-dated the Babri Masjid. A team of 131 labourers was engaged in the excavations. On 11 June 2003 the ASI issued an interim report that only listed the findings of the period between 22 May and 6 June 2003. In August 2003 the ASI handed a 574-page report to the Lucknow Bench of the Allahabad High Court.

The [[Archaeological Survey of India]] (ASI), who examined the site, issued a report of the findings of the period between 22 May and 6 June 2003. This report stated:<ref>Sandipan Deb in ''Outlook India,'' (23 June 2003)</ref>
{{blockquote|Among the structures listed in the report are several brick walls 'in east–west orientation', several 'in north–south orientation', 'decorated coloured floor', several 'pillar bases', and a '1.64-metre high decorated black stone pillar (broken) with figurines on four corners' as well as inscription of holy verses on stone in Arabic language.}}

===Finds===
====Archaeological layers====
ASI mentioned in its report that they have found ruins of other eras also. These ruins could be the ruins of a Jain temples.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Ayodhya: Archaeologists yet to examine artefacts found at mandir site|url=https://www.theweek.in/news/india/2020/05/22/ayodhya-archaeologists-yet-to-examine-artefacts-found-at-mandir-site.html|website=The Week|access-date=2020-05-27|archive-date=27 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200527175705/https://www.theweek.in/news/india/2020/05/22/ayodhya-archaeologists-yet-to-examine-artefacts-found-at-mandir-site.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

* 1000BCE to 300BCE: the findings suggest that a [[Northern Black Polished Ware]] (NBPW) culture existed at the mosque site between 1000 BCE and 300 BCE. A round signet with a legend in [[Ashoka]]n [[Brahmi]], [[terracotta]] figurines of female deities with archaic features, beads of terracotta and [[glass]], wheels and fragments of votive tanks have been found.<ref name="pioneer">(Pioneer, 9 September 2003. Ayodhya: lost and found By Sandhya Jain)</ref>
* Shunga Period. 200 BC: Typical terracotta mother goddess, human and animal figurines, [[bead]]s, hairpins, [[pottery]] (includes black slipped, red and grey wares), and stone and brick structures of the [[Shunga Empire|Shunga]] period have been found.<ref name="pioneer" />
* [[Kushan Empire|Kushan]] period. 100–300 CE: terracotta human and animal figurines, fragments of votive tanks, beads, bangle fragments, ceramics with red ware and large-sized structures running into twenty-two courses have been found from this level.<ref name="pioneer" />
* Gupta era (320–600 CE) and post-Gupta era: typical terracotta figurines, a copper coin with the legend Sri [[Chandragupta II|Chandra]] (Gupta), and illustrative potsherds of the [[Gupta Empire|Gupta]] period have been found. A circular brick shrine with an entrance from the east and a provision for a water-chute on the northern wall have also been found.<ref name="pioneer" />
* 11th to 12th century CE: a huge structure of almost fifty metres in north–south orientation have been found on this level. Only four of the fifty pillar bases belong to this level. Above this lay a structure with at least three structural phases which had a huge pillared hall.<ref name="pioneer" />

====Animal remains====
Earlier excavations had unearthed animal bones and even human remains. Historians like Irfan Habib have stated that there was Muslim habitation in the area during this period. Earlier excavations had unearthed animal bones and even human remains which could not have been there if the place was indeed a temple. Presence of animal bones, they had been arguing, meant that it was a residential area (and not a shrine) inhabited by a non-vegetarian community. And that it was in that Muslim habitat that a mosque was raised in 1528 or thereafter. The ASI report mentions the bones, but does not explain how they came to be there.<ref>{{cite news |title=Layers of truth |newspaper=The Week |date=7 September 2003 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050323101829/http://www.the-week.com/23sep07/events1.htm |archive-date=2005-03-23
|url=http://www.the-week.com/23sep07/events1.htm}}</ref>

====Muslim graves====
Two Muslim graves were also recovered in the excavation, as reported in the [[Outlook (Indian magazine)|Outlook]] weekly."The graves are below the mosque floor. The ASI officials, in their conservative estimates, have dated them only at 150 years old. It would be much earlier than that. Coupled with the other evidence in the area—the Lakhauri bricks used as construction material (pre-Mughal era), lime mortar as cementing material, bones with cut marks and glazed ware belonging to the early medieval era (9th to 14th century AD)—one can say there's evidence of a Muslim settlement in the area before Babar's time. The ASI should send the samples from the graves for carbon-dating so that we can be sure," says Dr S.Z.A. Jaffri of Delhi University, appointed by the court as observer at the excavation site.
<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/magazine/story/more-secrets-from-the-grave/219999|title=More Secrets From The Grave|magazine=Outlook India|date=5 May 2003|access-date=11 November 2019|archive-date=11 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191111132927/https://www.outlookindia.com/magazine/story/more-secrets-from-the-grave/219999|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Noorani |first=A.G. |title=The Babri Masjid Question, 1528-2003: 'A Matter of National Honour' |publisher=[[Tulika Books]] |isbn=9789382381457 |volume=1 |pages=71}}</ref> While the ASI videographed and photographed the graves on 22 April, it did not perform a detailed analysis of them. The skeletons found at the site were not sent for carbon-dating, neither were the graves measured.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.countercurrents.org/comm-joshi30403.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071012054112/http://www.countercurrents.org/comm-joshi30403.htm |archive-date=12 October 2007 |title="Countercurrents", ''Outlook'' |date=12 October 2007 |access-date=2012-06-11}}</ref>

Anirudha Srivastava, a former ASI archaeologist, said that in some trenches, some graves, terracotta and lime mortar and [[surkhi]] were discovered which also indicated Muslim habitation. It was surmised, also, that some mosque existed on the site and that Babri was built on the site of another mosque.<ref>[http://www.deccanherald.com/deccanherald/sep08/top.asp Deccan Herald September 8, 2003] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060519183415/http://www.deccanherald.com/deccanherald/sep08/top.asp |date=19 May 2006 }}</ref>

===Criticism of the 2003 excavation===

The ASI findings were disputed by several archaeologists.{{sfn|Srivastava|2003}}

According to archaeologist Supriya Verma and Jaya Menon, who observed the excavations on behalf of the Sunni Waqf Board, "the [[Archaeological Survey of India|ASI]] was operating with a preconceived notion of discovering the remains of a temple beneath the demolished mosque, even selectively altering the evidence to suit its hypothesis." this allegation particularly focused on the "pillar bases" central to the claim of a temple, which Verma and Menon alleged were irregularly shaped, irregularly spaced and largely the result of selective excavation, rather than representing genuine evidence of pillars.<ref>Supriya Verma, Menon Shiv Sunni (2010), [https://www.epw.in/journal/2010/50/verdict-ayodhya-special-issues/was-there-temple-under-babri-masjid-reading "Was There a Temple under the Babri Masjid? Reading the Archaeological 'Evidence'"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126215531/https://www.epw.in/journal/2010/50/verdict-ayodhya-special-issues/was-there-temple-under-babri-masjid-reading |date=26 January 2021 }}, ''Economic & Political Weekly''</ref>

===Political reaction===
The leaders of Babri Masjid Action–Reo create more complications, conflict and controversy."struction expressed reservations on the credibility of the ASI in carrying out the assignment impartially, owing to political pressure. ASI comes under the Ministry of Human Resource Development, which was headed by Murli Manohar Joshi, himself an accused in the Babri Masjid demolition case.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.hinduonnet.com/fline/fl2007/stories/20030411004102700.htm | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070810065327/http://www.hinduonnet.com/fline/fl2007/stories/20030411004102700.htm | archive-date=10 August 2007|work=Frontline|title=The Ayodhya dig|first=Purnima| url-status=usurped |last=Tripathi}}</ref>

The Muslim side expressed doubts on the final ASI report, claiming that the notes and other draft items were supposedly destroyed by the ASI, within 24 hours following the submission of the final report.<ref>{{cite news |author=Rizvi Syed Haider Abbas |date=1–15 November 2004 |url=http://www.milligazette.com/Archives/2004/01-15Nov04-Print-Edition/011511200450.htm |title=Curtains drawn on ASI report |newspaper=The Milli Gazette |access-date=2012-06-11 |archive-date=6 May 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060506081339/http://www.milligazette.com/Archives/2004/01-15Nov04-Print-Edition/011511200450.htm |url-status=live }}</ref>

There were also attempts by Babri Masjid supporters to prohibit all archaeological excavations at the disputed site. Naved Yar Khan's petition at the Supreme Court to prohibit all archaeological excavations at the Mosque site was rejected.<ref>(The Hindu, 10 June 2003)</ref>{{full citation needed|date=January 2022}} Similarly, there were questions raised as to what level the archaeological digging should reach – should they stop when evidence of a Hindu temple was found? Both Buddhists and Jains asked for the digging to continue much further to learn whether they, too, could lay claim to the site.<ref>{{cite news |author=Seema Chishti |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/2848393.stm |title=14 March 2003 |work=BBC News |date=14 March 2003 |access-date=2012-06-11 |archive-date=25 March 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140325192812/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/2848393.stm |url-status=live }}</ref>

Along the same lines as [[Irfan Habib|Habib]], Muslim Personal Law Board secretary Mohammed Abdul Rahim Quraishi "said a team of well-known archaeologists including Prof. [[Suraj Bhan (archaeologist)|Suraj Bhan]] had visited the site and inspected the excavated pits and was of [the] opinion that there was evidence of an earlier mosque beneath the structure of the Babri Masjid".<ref>("ASI 'finds' temple, Muslim front says no", Hinduonnet.com, 25 August. 2003)</ref>

The two agree on a pre-Babri Muslim presence, but Quraishi's "interpretation" of the findings is already starkly at variance with Habib's: the latter saw no mosque underneath, while Quraishi's employee Bhan did.

Noted lawyer Rajeev Dhawan said the Ramjanmabhoomi-Babri Masjid case had taken a wrong turn and the ASI report had no historical or moral significance and the conclusions were based on political considerations. However, Mr. Dhawan said, "The legal case did not relate to the question of whether a temple existed on the site or not".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://sify.com/news/othernews/fullstory.php?id=13237310 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930220813/http://sify.com/news/othernews/fullstory.php?id=13237310 |archive-date=30 September 2007 |title=Historians find flaws in ASI report | website=[[Sify]] |access-date=2012-06-11}}</ref>

===Buddhist claims===
The Buddhists have also claimed the Ayodhya site. According to [[Udit Raj]]'s Buddha Education Foundation, the structure excavated by ASI in 2003 was a Buddhist ''[[stupa]]'' destroyed during and after the Muslim invasion of India. Besides the 2003 ASI report, Raj has also based his claim on the 1870 report of the British archaeologist Patrick Carnegie. According to Carnegie, the Kasauti pillars at the Ayodhya site strongly resemble the ones at Buddhist ''[[viharas]]'' in Sarnath and Varanasi.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.sunday-guardian.com/investigation/buddhist-body-lays-claim-to-disputed-ayodhya-site |title=Buddhist body lays claim to the disputed Ayodhya site |date=16 January 2011 |newspaper=Sunday Guardian |author=Nitish K Singh |access-date=3 August 2015 |archive-date=5 February 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170205020218/http://www.sunday-guardian.com/investigation/buddhist-body-lays-claim-to-disputed-ayodhya-site |url-status=dead }}</ref>

==Court verdict after analysis of the 2003 ASI report==
In October 2010, after sifting through all the evidence placed before it, the Allahabad High Court, in an order that ran into over 8,000 pages, said that the portion below the central dome under which the idols of Lord Ram and other Gods are placed in a makeshift temple, belongs to Hindus. All three judges agreed that the portion under the central dome should be allotted to Hindus.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/ayodhya-verdict-allahabad-high-court-says-divide-land-in-3-ways-433808|title=Ayodhya verdict: Allahabad High Court says divide land in 3 ways|access-date=13 March 2019|archive-date=1 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190401105225/https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/ayodhya-verdict-allahabad-high-court-says-divide-land-in-3-ways-433808|url-status=live}}</ref>

The [[2019 Supreme Court verdict on Ayodhya dispute]] states that the entire disputed land of area of 2.77 acres be handed over to a trust to build a Hindu temple. It also ordered the government to give an alternative 5 acre land to the [[Central Wakf Council|Sunni Waqf Board]].<ref name=":12">{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/ayodhya-babri-masjid-ram-mandir-case-verdict-highlights-supreme-court-declared-verdict-on-ram-janmabhoomi-case/articleshow/71978918.cms|title=Ram Mandir verdict: Supreme Court verdict on Ram Janmabhoomi-Babri Masjid case|date=2019-11-09|website=The Times of India|access-date=2019-11-09|archive-date=9 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191109143026/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/ayodhya-babri-masjid-ram-mandir-case-verdict-highlights-supreme-court-declared-verdict-on-ram-janmabhoomi-case/articleshow/71978918.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[Ayodhya dispute]]
* [[Ram Rath Yatra]]
* [[Demolition of the Babri Masjid]]

==Notes==
{{notelist}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Sources==
;Printed sources
{{refbegin}}

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*Thakur Prasad Verma, S.P. Gupta, (2001), ''Ayodhya ka itihasa evam puratattva- Rgveda kala se aba taka''. Delhi: D.K. Printworld (in Hindi)

* {{cite journal |last=Witzel |first=Michael E. J. |author-link=Michael E. J. Witzel |title=Autochthonous Aryans? The Evidence from Old Indian and Iranian Texts |journal=Electronic Journal of Vedic Studies |volume=7 |issue=3 |pages=1–115 |date=2001 |url=http://www.people.fas.harvard.edu/~witzel/EJVS-7-3.pdf |access-date=31 January 2021 |archive-date=13 November 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211113065811/https://www.people.fas.harvard.edu/~witzel/EJVS-7-3.pdf |url-status=live }}
* {{Citation | last =Witzel | first =Michael | year =2006 | chapter = Rama's realm. Indocentric rewritings of early South Asian archaeology and history | editor-last =Fagan | editor-first =Garrett G| title =Archaeological Fantasies: How Pseudoarchaeology Misrepresents the Past and Misleads the Public | publisher =Routledge}}
{{refend}}

;Web-sources
{{reflist|group=web}}

==External links==
* [https://www.huffingtonpost.in/2018/12/04/there-is-no-evidence-of-a-temple-under-the-babri-masjid-asi-lied-to-the-country-say-archeologists_a_23604990/ There Is No Evidence Of A Temple Under The Babri Masjid, Just Older Mosques, Says Archeologist]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20110801013858/http://www.ayodhya.com/ Ayodhya the spiritual abode. Complete details of Ayodhya, proofs and documents.]
* [http://www.rediff.com/news/2003/aug/25ayo1.htm Hindu Temple lays beneath – dailypioneer.com – August 26, 2003]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20061021153232/http://www.flonnet.com/fl1514/15141100.htm The "Ram temple" drama – Frontline]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20120203042327/http://www.yatra2yatra.com/hinduism/mokshadaayi-puris/ayodhya Ayodhya History]
* {{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20050803075538/http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/thscrip/print.pl?file=20031107005801300.htm&date=fl2022%2F&prd=fline& ASI Report Critical Study – The Hindu (newspaper)]}}
* {{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20031125183519/http://www.hinduonnet.com/2003/06/11/stories/2003061105160100.htm ASI fabricating evidence – The Hindu (newspaper)]}}
* [https://archive.today/20130628041158/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2003-10-07/india/27185327_1_asi-team-massive-structure-babri-mosque Times of India news on ASI excavations] Times of India
* [http://www.the-week.com/23sep07/events1.htm Layers of truth] From The Week – shows artist's impression of ASI underlying temple – [https://web.archive.org/web/20050323101829/http://www.the-week.com/23sep07/events1.htm archived here]
* [http://www.stephen-knapp.com/ayodhya_and_the_research_on_the_temple_of_Lord_Rama.htm Ayodhya and the Research on the Temple of Lord Rama]
* [http://www.rediff.com/news/2003/aug/25ayo1.htm Proof of temple found at Ayodhya: ASI report]

{{Faizabad division topics}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ayodhya}}
[[Category:Archaeological sites in Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Ayodhya dispute]]

Kabir Singh

2026-03-24T07:30:48Z

WernerStoate3: adjusted layout additionally and updated info

{{short description|2019 Indian Hindi film by Sandeep Reddy Vanga}}
{{for|the actor|Kabir Duhan Singh}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2023}}
{{Infobox film
| image = Kabir Singh.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[Sandeep Reddy Vanga]]
| producer = [[Murad Khetani]] Ashwin Varde [[Bhushan Kumar]] [[Krishan Kumar (actor)|Krishan Kumar]]
| writer =
| screenplay = Sandeep Reddy Vanga {{infobox | decat = yes | child = yes | label1= Dialogues by
| data1 = [[Siddharth–Garima]]}}
| based_on = {{based on|''[[Arjun Reddy]]''|Sandeep Reddy Vanga}}
| starring = {{plainlist|
* [[Shahid Kapoor]]
* [[Kiara Advani]]
}}
| music = '''Score:''' [[Harshavardhan Rameshwar]] '''Songs:''' [[Mithoon]] [[Amaal Mallik]] [[Vishal Mishra (composer)|Vishal Mishra]] [[Sachet–Parampara]] [[Akhil Sachdeva]]
| cinematography = [[Santhana Krishnan Ravichandran]]
| editing = Aarif Sheikh Sandeep Reddy Vanga
| studio = [[T-Series Films]] Cine1 Studios
| runtime = 172 minutes<ref name="BBFC">{{Cite web |title=Kabir Singh |url=https://www.bbfc.co.uk/release/kabir-singh-q29sbgvjdglvbjpwwc00mde4mjc |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190618120536/https://bbfc.co.uk/releases/kabir-singh-film |archive-date=18 June 2019 |access-date=18 June 2019 |website=[[British Board of Film Classification]]}}</ref>
| distributor = [[AA Films]]
| released = {{Film date|2019|06|21|df=y}}
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| budget = {{INR}}60 crore<ref>{{Cite news |date=26 June 2019 |title=Despite online backlash, 'Kabir Singh' becomes Shahid Kapoor's first Rs 100 crore film as solo lead |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/bollywood/report-despite-online-backlash-kabir-singh-becomes-shahid-kapoor-s-first-rs-100-crore-film-as-solo-lead-2765145 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190627142048/https://www.dnaindia.com/bollywood/report-despite-online-backlash-kabir-singh-becomes-shahid-kapoor-s-first-rs-100-crore-film-as-solo-lead-2765145 |archive-date=27 June 2019 |access-date=30 June 2019 |work=[[Daily News and Analysis]]}}</ref>
| gross = {{INR}}379 crore<ref name="bo total" />
}}

'''''Kabir Singh''''' is a 2019 Indian [[Hindi]]-language [[romantic drama film]]<ref name="BBFC" /> co-written, co-edited and directed by [[Sandeep Reddy Vanga]] in his [[Hindi cinema]] debut, and jointly produced by [[Bhushan Kumar]] and [[Krishan Kumar (actor)|Krishan Kumar]] under [[T-Series (company)|T-Series Films]] and [[Murad Khetani]] and Ashwin Varde under Cine1 Studios. A remake of Vanga's own [[Telugu language|Telugu]] film ''[[Arjun Reddy]]'' (2017), it stars [[Shahid Kapoor]] as the titular protagonist, a surgeon, who spirals into self-destruction when his girlfriend, played by [[Kiara Advani]], is forced to marry someone else.

[[Principal photography]] for ''Kabir Singh'' began in October 2018 and ended in March 2019. The film was theatrically released on 21 June 2019 and received mixed reviews. Criticism was directed at the film for its themes of self destruction and substance abuse, while Kapoor's performance and the soundtrack received praise. Grossing over {{INR}}379 [[crore]], it became the second [[List of Bollywood films of 2019#Box office collection|highest-grossing Hindi film of 2019]],<ref name="bwww" /> and Kapoor's highest grossing solo-lead release.

== Plot ==
Kabir Rajdheer Singh is the youngest son of a business tycoon Rajdheer Singh and studies at the Delhi Institute of Medical Sciences. He has a rebellious personality with anger issues that gained him the title of a bully. After having a brawl with the members of the opposing team in an inter-college football match, the dean asks him to either apologize or leave the college, Kabir chooses to leave but he stays back after meeting with first year student, Preeti Sikka.

Kabir and his friends announce to the student body that Kabir has exclusively claimed Preeti. Initially timid, she adjusts to his overbearing attitude and eventually reciprocates his feelings, developing a romantic and physical relationship with him. Kabir graduates with an [[Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery|MBBS]] degree and moves to [[Mussoorie]] for further education. Despite the distance, their relationship strengthens over the next few years. After Preeti graduates, she introduces Kabir to her conservative parents, but her father Harpal catches them kissing and throws Kabir out.

Harpal continues to oppose their relationship, despite Kabir's attempts to explain their love. Enraged, Kabir demands Preeti to choose between him and her family within the next six hours, or he will end their relationship. Preeti is later unable to reach him in time; feeling abandoned, Kabir injects himself with excessive [[morphine]] and remains unconscious for the next two days. Upon gaining consciousness, he learns that Preeti is being forced into an [[Arranged marriage in the Indian subcontinent|arranged marriage]] and gatecrashes the wedding party; Harpal has him beaten and arrested. After Kabir is released, Rajdheer ostracises him from the family for his antics.

With his friend Shiva's help, Kabir finds a rented flat and joins a private hospital as a surgeon. To cope with his emotions, he abuses drugs and alcohol and names his new pet dog Preeti. Within months, he becomes a successful surgeon and a [[high-functioning alcoholic]] both respected and feared by the hospital staff. His self-destructive behaviour and obsession worry his friends.

While hungover on a day off, Kabir is called in to perform an emergency surgery for which he unwillingly agrees. During the procedure, he collapses from dehydration. Suspicious, the hospital staff takes his blood samples, which contain traces of alcohol and cocaine. A case is filed against him and during an in-house hearing, a broken Kabir admits to alcoholism and violation of medical ethics. As a result, his medical licence is suspended for five years and he is evicted from his flat. The next morning, he learns of his grandmother’s death; at the funeral, he and his father reconcile. Kabir also resolves to quit his habits.

Some days later, Kabir spots a pregnant but dejected Preeti sitting in a park. He approaches and offers to raise the child with her if she is unhappy in her marriage. Initially silent, she bursts into angry tears, berates him for discarding her, and orders him to leave. Shiva then describes Kabir's obsession and self-destructive habits, which she was unaware of. Shocked, she confesses that she left her husband three days after the marriage and has been working in a clinic to support herself. Overcome with anger, especially after hearing about his casual affairs, she had refused to contact him. She reveals that her marriage was never consummated and that the child is Kabir's. They marry and reunite with their families, with Harpal apologising to them and the families coming together. The film ends showing Kabir and Preeti on a beach with their baby.

== Cast ==
{{cast listing|
* [[Shahid Kapoor]] as Dr. Kabir Rajdheer Singh
* [[Kiara Advani]] as Dr. Preeti Sikka
* [[Suresh Oberoi]] as Rajdheer Singh
* [[Arjan Bajwa]] as Karan Rajdheer Singh
* Soham Majumdar as Shiva Majumdar
* [[Nikita Dutta]] as Jiah Sharma<ref>{{Cite web |last=Darade |first=Pooja |date=19 June 2019 |title=Exclusive: Nikita Dutta on her experience of working with Shahid Kapoor in Kabir Singh & portraying Jia Sharma |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/exclusives/exclusive-nikita-dutta-her-experience-working-shahid-kapoor-kabir-singh-portraying-jia-sharma-456650 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20190619084220/https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/exclusives/exclusive-nikita-dutta-her-experience-working-shahid-kapoor-kabir-singh-portraying-jia-sharma-456650 |archive-date=19 June 2019 |access-date=19 June 2019 |website=[[Pinkvilla]]}}</ref>
* [[Kamini Kaushal]] as Sadhna Kaur, Dr. Kabir‘s grandmother
* [[Adil Hussain]] as the medical college dean
* Kunal Thakur as Kamal
* Anusha Sampath as Keerti
* [[Vanita Kharat]] as Maid
* Swati Seth as Vidya
* Sanat Sawant as Ayush
* Anurag Arora as Harpal Sikka
* Vinay Sharma as Tomar "Sir"
* Amit Sharma as Amit
* Geetika Mehandru as Preeti's friend<ref>{{Cite web |date=11 April 2022 |title=Jersey's Geetika Mehandru: 'On sets of Kabir Singh, I believed Shahid Kapoor was an arrogant man' |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/jerseys-geetika-mehandru-on-sets-of-kabir-singh-i-believed-shahid-kapoor-was-an-arrogant-man-101649591293876.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221030125308/https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/jerseys-geetika-mehandru-on-sets-of-kabir-singh-i-believed-shahid-kapoor-was-an-arrogant-man-101649591293876.html |archive-date=30 October 2022 |access-date=30 October 2022 |website=[[Hindustan Times]]}}</ref>
* [[Suparna Marwah]] as Vishaka Sikka
* [[Dolly Minhas]] as Mrs. Rajdheer Singh
* [[Harssh A. Singh]] as Kabir's lawyer
* Vipul Deshpande as Hospital Director }}

== Production ==
=== Development ===
After the success of his debut, the 2017 [[Telugu language|Telugu]] film ''[[Arjun Reddy]]'', writer and director [[Sandeep Reddy Vanga]] wanted to remake it in [[Hindi]] with [[Ranveer Singh]]. When it did not work out, he approached [[Shahid Kapoor]]. However, producers Murad Khetani and Ashwin Varde of Cine1 Studios, who acquired the remake rights for Hindi, wanted [[Arjun Kapoor]] to play the male lead. Disappointed, Vanga said, "I've come to know that the remake rights of ''Arjun Reddy'' have been sold and it would star Arjun Kapoor. I am caught in a dilemma, as I've already locked Shahid for the role. It's a very embarrassing situation for me. I don't know how I'll face Shahid."<ref>{{Cite news |last=Jha |first=Subhash K. |author-link=Subhash K. Jha |date=25 January 2018 |title=Wanted Ranveer, approached Shahid, unsure about directing Arjun: Arjun Reddy director |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/bollywood/250118/wont-redirect-arjun-reddy-with-arjun-kapoor.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180513154033/https://deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/bollywood/250118/wont-redirect-arjun-reddy-with-arjun-kapoor.html |archive-date=13 May 2018 |access-date=30 October 2018 |work=[[Deccan Chronicle]]}}</ref> In April 2018, however, it was officially announced that Shahid Kapoor would star, with Vanga returning as director.<ref name="ShahidConfirmed" />

[[Bhushan Kumar|Bhushan]] and [[Krishan Kumar (actor)|Krishan Kumar]] of [[T-Series (company)|T-Series]] also produced the film.<ref>{{Cite web |date=20 October 2018 |title=Shahid Kapoor to kick off Arjun Reddy on October 21 |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/shahid-kapoor-kick-off-arjun-reddy-october-21/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181020125537/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/shahid-kapoor-kick-off-arjun-reddy-october-21/ |archive-date=20 October 2018 |access-date=30 October 2018 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]}}</ref> The dialogue was written by Siddharth–Garima. [[Santhana Krishnan Ravichandran]] was selected as the cinematographer and Aarif Sheikh as editor.<ref name="bollywoodhungama" /> Vanga was confident that the remake would be even more hard-hitting than the original: "When I made ''Arjun Reddy'', I wasn't sure where to draw the line in terms of representation of certain things. I don't think I'd have to restrict myself when it comes to the Hindi version. I believe I'll have more freedom in Bollywood."<ref name="ShahidConfirmed" /> The film's title ''Kabir Singh'' was announced on 25 October 2018.<ref name="TitleRevealed" />

=== Writing ===
Like the Telugu original, ''Kabir Singh'' too begins with a voiceover from the hero's paternal grandmother, but this time she is reciting a Kabir Doha. There are also geographical changes; the remake is set primarily in Delhi and Mumbai. Instead of caste conflict as in ''Arjun Reddy'', the heroine's father takes offence to Kabir's smoking and not being a [[turban]]-wearing [[Sikhs|Sikh]]. For the remake, Vanga said he deployed less English than the original. "I've also tried to retain the colloquial quality in the Hindi dialogue." About the name Kabir Singh, he said, "There's a lot of melancholy in the name Kabir and a poetic side too."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Singh |first=Suhani |date=7 June 2019 |title=Crazy in love |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/leisure/story/20190617-crazy-in-love-1543900-2019-06-07 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190607162330/https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/leisure/story/20190617-crazy-in-love-1543900-2019-06-07 |archive-date=7 June 2019 |access-date=7 June 2019 |website=[[India Today]]}}</ref> Vanga explained his reasons for choosing this as the film's title: "When we started work on the Hindi script, it was a very exciting journey. Kabir Singh, as the protagonist's name, came naturally, considering the character's graph. Kabir Singh has the same punch and madness of Arjun Reddy."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Goyal |first=Divya |date=26 October 2018 |title=Shahid Kapoor's Kabir Singh Is Basically Bollywood's Arjun Reddy |url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/shahid-kapoors-kabir-singh-is-basically-bollywoods-arjun-reddy-1938068 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181117230130/https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/shahid-kapoors-kabir-singh-is-basically-bollywoods-arjun-reddy-1938068 |archive-date=17 November 2018 |access-date=21 November 2018 |website=[[NDTV]]}}</ref>

=== Casting ===
[[File:Shahid Kapoor and Kiara Advani.jpg|thumb|upright=1|alt=Shahid Kapoor and Kiara Advani are posing for the camera|[[Shahid Kapoor]] with his co-star [[Kiara Advani]] at a promotional event for the film in 2019]]
Shahid Kapoor portrays the title character, Kabir Rajdheer Singh.<ref>{{Cite news |date=11 June 2019 |title=Shahid Kapoor shares 'Falling Apart' dialogue promo from 'Kabir Singh' |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ani/shahid-kapoor-shares-falling-apart-dialogue-promo-from-kabir-singh-119061101376_1.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190615120004/https://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ani/shahid-kapoor-shares-falling-apart-dialogue-promo-from-kabir-singh-119061101376_1.html |archive-date=15 June 2019 |access-date=15 June 2019 |work=[[Business Standard]] |agency=[[Asian News International]]}}</ref> Although [[Kiara Advani]] was Vanga's first choice for the female lead character Preeti, things failed to materialise.<ref>{{Cite web |date=10 June 2019 |title=What Kabir Singh Director Told Kiara Advani About Replacing Tara Sutaria in Film |url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/what-kabir-singh-director-told-kiara-advani-about-replacing-tara-sutaria-in-film-2050975 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20190610131141/https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/what-kabir-singh-director-told-kiara-advani-about-replacing-tara-sutaria-in-film-2050975 |archive-date=10 June 2019 |access-date=10 June 2019 |website=[[NDTV]]}}</ref> [[Tara Sutaria]] was then announced,<ref>{{Cite news |last=Adivi |first=Sashidhar |date=23 May 2018 |title=Arjun Reddy director Sandeep Vanga reveals why Tara was signed opposite Shahid |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/bollywood/230518/shahid-kapoor-tara-sutaria-will-share-screen-of-romance-in-arjun-redd.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180617054123/https://deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/bollywood/230518/shahid-kapoor-tara-sutaria-will-share-screen-of-romance-in-arjun-redd.html |archive-date=17 June 2018 |access-date=30 October 2018 |work=[[Deccan Chronicle]]}}</ref> but left when a delay in the production of her debut film ''[[Student of the Year 2]]'' (2019) caused scheduling conflicts.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Coutinho |first=Natasha |date=7 September 2018 |title=Tara Sutaria quits Shahid Kapoor's Arjun Reddy remake |url=https://mumbaimirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/tara-sutaria-quits-shahid-kapoors-arjun-reddy-remake/articleshow/65713073.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20181030092341/https://mumbaimirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/tara-sutaria-quits-shahid-kapoors-arjun-reddy-remake/articleshow/65713073.cms |archive-date=30 October 2018 |access-date=30 October 2018 |work=[[Mumbai Mirror]]}}</ref> The makers then went back to Advani to play the role of Preeti,<ref>{{Cite news |date=25 September 2018 |title=Shahid Kapoor finds his leading lady in Kiara Advani for Arjun Reddy remake |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/shahid-kapoor-finds-his-leading-lady-in-kiara-advani-for-arjun-reddy-remake/story-Zdufj1UGfjp1VVkme66mMJ.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180926001654/https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/shahid-kapoor-finds-his-leading-lady-in-kiara-advani-for-arjun-reddy-remake/story-Zdufj1UGfjp1VVkme66mMJ.html |archive-date=26 September 2018 |access-date=30 October 2018 |work=[[Hindustan Times]] |agency=[[Press Trust of India]]}}</ref> Vanga cited her performance in ''[[M.S. Dhoni: The Untold Story]]'' (2016) as one of the reasons.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Sabharwal |first=Mehak |date=30 October 2018 |title=EXCLUSIVE {{!}} Kiara Advani on Shahid Kapoor starrer Kabir Singh: I think the film chose me, it was in my destiny |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment/news/bollywood-news/article/exclusive-i-kiara-advani-on-shahid-kapoor-starrer-kabir-singh-i-think-the-film-chose-me-it-was-in-my-destiny/306772 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181102082401/https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment/news/bollywood-news/article/exclusive-i-kiara-advani-on-shahid-kapoor-starrer-kabir-singh-i-think-the-film-chose-me-it-was-in-my-destiny/306772 |archive-date=2 November 2018 |access-date=2 November 2018 |work=[[Times Now]]}}</ref> According to Vanga, "Kiara epitomises the female character in the film to the T. She has the perfect combination of innocence (in terms of looks) and maturity (in terms of performance) that's so important for the character".<ref>{{Cite news |date=25 September 2018 |title=Arjun Reddy remake: Kiara Advani to share screen space with Shahid Kapoor |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/kiara-advani-shahid-kapoor-arjun-reddy-remake-5373119/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181020021143/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/kiara-advani-shahid-kapoor-arjun-reddy-remake-5373119/ |archive-date=20 October 2018 |access-date=30 October 2018 |work=[[The Indian Express]] |agency=[[Press Trust of India]]}}</ref> [[Arjan Bajwa]] was initially uninterested in playing Kabir's elder brother Karan Singh,<ref>{{Cite news |last=Jain |first=Arushi |date=18 June 2019 |title=Kabir Singh has no melodramatic moment: Arjan Bajwa |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/kabir-singh-arjan-bajwa-shahid-kapoor-elder-brother-5786742/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190618152955/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/kabir-singh-arjan-bajwa-shahid-kapoor-elder-brother-5786742/ |archive-date=18 June 2019 |access-date=18 June 2019 |work=[[The Indian Express]]}}</ref> but accepted at the insistence of Vanga, for whom he was the only choice to play the character.<ref>{{Cite news |date=17 May 2019 |title=What made Arjan Bajwa take on 'Kabir Singh'? |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/what-made-arjan-bajwa-take-on-kabir-singh/articleshow/69379628.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20190518060152/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/what-made-arjan-bajwa-take-on-kabir-singh/articleshow/69379628.cms |archive-date=18 May 2019 |access-date=18 May 2019 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> Amit Sharma, who appeared as Amit in the Telugu original, was chosen to reprise his role.<ref name="bollywoodhungama" /><ref>{{Cite news |last=Saumya |first=Kota |date=2 June 2019 |title=Tete-a-tete with Amit Sharma |url=https://telanganatoday.com/tete-a-tete-with-amit-sharma |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190621041626/https://telanganatoday.com/tete-a-tete-with-amit-sharma |archive-date=21 June 2019 |access-date=21 June 2019 |work=[[Telangana Today]]}}</ref>

=== Filming ===
The makers considered beginning the shoot in August, but it was delayed to September as Vanga wanted Kapoor to grow his beard more for the role.<ref>{{Cite web |date=19 August 2018 |title=At the moment, I am growing a beard: Shahid Kapoor opens about his next film Arjun Reddy |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment/news/bollywood-news/article/at-the-moment-i-am-growing-a-beard-shahid-kapoor-opens-about-his-next-film-arjun-reddy/271981 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20181030093346/https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment/news/bollywood-news/article/at-the-moment-i-am-growing-a-beard-shahid-kapoor-opens-about-his-next-film-arjun-reddy/271981 |archive-date=30 October 2018 |access-date=30 October 2018 |website=[[Times Now]] |agency=[[Press Trust of India]]}}</ref> [[Principal photography]] eventually began on 21 October 2018 at Mumbai,<ref>{{Cite news |date=22 October 2018 |title='Arjun Reddy' remake goes on floors; an excited Kiara Advani wishes Shahid Kapoor and team luck |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/bollywood/report-arjun-reddy-remake-goes-on-floors-an-excited-kiara-advani-wishes-shahid-kapoor-and-team-luck-2677846 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181030094038/https://www.dnaindia.com/bollywood/report-arjun-reddy-remake-goes-on-floors-an-excited-kiara-advani-wishes-shahid-kapoor-and-team-luck-2677846 |archive-date=30 October 2018 |access-date=30 October 2018 |work=[[Daily News and Analysis]]}}</ref> four days before the announcement of the title.<ref name="TitleRevealed" /> Filming also took place at Delhi and Mussoorie.<ref name="bollywoodhungama" /> Kapoor dons three different looks for the film. Regarding this he said, "There's a certain mind space and the present which the character is in and there's also the past which he has been part of. Along with this, there's the culmination. So, there are three distinct energies that the film needs."<ref>{{Cite web |date=20 February 2019 |title=Shahid Kapoor to don three different looks in 'Kabir Singh' |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/bollywood/photo-gallery-scoops-salman-khan-katrina-kaif-s-o-o-jaane-jaana-shoot-postponed-three-looks-for-shahid-kapoor-2721874/shahid-kapoor-to-don-three-different-looks-in-kabir-singh-2721878 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190220032131/https://www.dnaindia.com/bollywood/photo-gallery-scoops-salman-khan-katrina-kaif-s-o-o-jaane-jaana-shoot-postponed-three-looks-for-shahid-kapoor-2721874 |archive-date=20 February 2019 |access-date=20 February 2019 |website=[[Daily News and Analysis]]}}</ref> He went through substantial workouts to portray Kabir in two time periods; to achieve the character's "college boy" look, he shed 14 kilos of weight, and for the "puffy, groggy alcoholic" look, he worked out in a way that he would look "bigger but not muscular".<ref>{{Cite web |date=9 April 2019 |title=Shahid Kapoor sheds over 14 kilos for Kabir Singh |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/shahid-kapoor-sheds-14-kilos-kabir-singh/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20190409075534/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/shahid-kapoor-sheds-14-kilos-kabir-singh/ |archive-date=9 April 2019 |access-date=9 April 2019 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]}}</ref> Principal photography [[Wrap (filmmaking)|wrapped]] on 29 March 2019.<ref>{{Cite news |date=29 March 2019 |title=Shahid Kapoor and Kiara Advani wrap up Kabir Singh |url=https://www.easterneye.biz/shahid-kapoor-and-kiara-advani-wrap-up-kabir-singh/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190408125931/https://www.easterneye.biz/shahid-kapoor-and-kiara-advani-wrap-up-kabir-singh/ |archive-date=8 April 2019 |access-date=30 March 2019 |work=[[Eastern Eye]]}}</ref>

== Soundtrack ==
{{Main|Kabir Singh (soundtrack)}}
The soundtrack is composed by [[Mithoon]], [[Amaal Mallik]], [[Vishal Mishra (composer)|Vishal Mishra]], [[Sachet–Parampara]] (a duo consisting of Sachet Tandon and Parampara Thakur) and [[Akhil Sachdeva]] with lyrics written by [[Irshad Kamil]], [[Manoj Muntashir]], [[Kumaar]] and Mithoon.<ref>{{Cite web |date=7 June 2019 |title=Kabir Singh |url=https://www.jiosaavn.com/album/kabir-singh/kLG-OKbVmvM |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190630135344/https://www.jiosaavn.com/album/kabir-singh/kLG-OKbVmvM |archive-date=30 June 2019 |access-date=14 June 2019 |website=[[JioSaavn]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=19 June 2019 |title=Kabir Singh music review: A typical angst-laden soundtrack diluted by similar sounding songs |url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/kabir-singh-music-review-a-typical-angst-laden-soundtrack-diluted-by-similar-sounding-songs-6836741.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190905104507/https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/kabir-singh-music-review-a-typical-angst-laden-soundtrack-diluted-by-similar-sounding-songs-6836741.html |archive-date=5 September 2019 |access-date=12 December 2019 |work=Firstpost |language=en}}</ref> [[Harshavardhan Rameshwar]] composed the score.<ref>{{Cite web |last=T-Series |author-link=T-Series (company) |date=13 May 2019 |title=Kabir Singh – Official Trailer {{!}} Shahid Kapoor, Kiara Advani {{!}} Sandeep Reddy Vanga {{!}} 21 June 2019 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RiANSSgCuJk |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190513074445/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RiANSSgCuJk&gl=US&hl=en |archive-date=13 May 2019 |access-date=13 May 2019 |website=YouTube}}</ref> The song "Bekhayali" was popular even before its release, with several [[cover version]]s available on YouTube.<ref>{{Cite news |date=21 May 2019 |title='Bekhayali' song from Shahid Kapoor starrer 'Kabir Singh' is already a chartbuster even before its release |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/music/news/bekhayali-song-from-shahid-kapoor-starrer-kabir-singh-is-already-a-chartbuster-even-before-its-release/articleshow/69425628.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20190522071315/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/music/news/bekhayali-song-from-shahid-kapoor-starrer-kabir-singh-is-already-a-chartbuster-even-before-its-release/articleshow/69425628.cms |archive-date=22 May 2019 |access-date=22 May 2019 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> The soundtrack was also physically released on [[phonograph record|vinyl record]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kabir Singh - LP Record (Book Fold, Colored Vinyl) |url=https://www.amazon.in/Kabir-Singh-Record-Colored-Vinyl/dp/B0CHQRQCNM |website=[[Amazon (company)|Amazon.in]]}}</ref>

== Marketing ==
In a first-of-its-kind marketing deal, ''Kabir Singh'' became the first Bollywood film to have its very own theatre. As many as 15 [[PVR Cinemas|PVR]] theatres in 15 cities across India would be renamed as "Kabir Singh Ka Theatre", with auditoriums reflecting the characteristics of the title character played by Kapoor.<ref>{{Cite news |date=10 May 2019 |title=PVR Cinema screens to turn 'Kabir Singh ka theatre' for Shahid Kapoor starrer |url=https://www.thestatesman.com/entertainment/pvr-cinema-screens-to-turn-kabir-singh-ka-theatre-for-shahid-kapoor-starrer-1502753744.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20190511050519/https://www.thestatesman.com/entertainment/pvr-cinema-screens-to-turn-kabir-singh-ka-theatre-for-shahid-kapoor-starrer-1502753744.html |archive-date=11 May 2019 |access-date=11 May 2019 |work=[[The Statesman (India)|The Statesman]]}}</ref>

== Release ==
''Kabir Singh'' was released on 21 June 2019, worldwide on 3616 screens including 3123 screens in India.<ref>{{Cite tweet |number=1141956322650292224 |user=taran_adarsh |title=#KabirSingh screen count... India: 3123 Overseas: 493 Worldwide total: 3616 screens Starts with a bang... Not just urban centres, even mass-dominated areas witness excellent occupancy in morning/pre-noon shows... Big *Day 1* biz on the cards. India biz. |author=Taran Adarsh |author-link=Taran Adarsh |date=20 June 2019}}</ref> It is distributed by [[AA Films]] within India. [[AA Films|Cinestaan AA Distributors]] is distributed through [[Smita Thackeray|Magic Cloud Media & Entertainment]] in overseas. White Hill Studios is also distributed in North America.<ref>{{Cite tweet |number=1140106539530739712 |user=rameshlaus |title=Here is the #Chennai theater list of @shahidkapoor – @Advani_Kiara's #KabirSingh Expecting it to take a good opening here.. June 21st release.. |author=Ramesh Bala |date=16 June 2019}}</ref> Khetani chose not to release the film in Pakistan, following the [[2019 Pulwama attack]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=22 February 2019 |title=Notebook, Kabir Singh will not release in Pakistan |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/pulwama-attack-notebook-kabir-singh-will-not-release-in-pakistan-5596161/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190223032848/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/pulwama-attack-notebook-kabir-singh-will-not-release-in-pakistan-5596161/ |archive-date=23 February 2019 |access-date=23 February 2019 |work=[[The Indian Express]] |agency=[[Press Trust of India]]}}</ref> The film received an [[A certificate|'A' (adults only) certificate]] from the [[Central Board of Film Certification]] (CBFC) with the CBFC asking the makers to modify a scene where a character is seen snorting drugs, and also asked for insertion of static warning messages against drug abuse in all such scenes.<ref>{{Cite web |date=19 June 2019 |title=CBFC Gives 'A' Rating to Shahid Kapoor's Kabir Singh, Asks to Modify Drug Snorting Scene |url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/cbfc-gives-a-rating-to-shahid-kapoors-kabir-singh-asks-to-modify-drug-snorting-scene-2194221.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20190620113918/https://www.news18.com/news/movies/cbfc-gives-a-rating-to-shahid-kapoors-kabir-singh-asks-to-modify-drug-snorting-scene-2194221.html |archive-date=20 June 2019 |access-date=20 June 2019 |website=[[News18]]}}</ref>

== Reception ==
=== Critical response ===
The film received mixed reviews, with criticism directed at it for allegedly glamorising [[misogyny]] and [[toxic masculinity]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=24 June 2019 |title=Kabir Singh box office collection Day 3: Shahid Kapoor-Kiara Advani starrer rakes in around Rs 67.92 crore |url=https://www.businesstoday.in/latest/trends/kabir-singh-box-office-collection-day-3-shahid-kapoor-kiara-advani-movie-earnings-bollywood/story/358471.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190624054621/https://www.businesstoday.in/latest/trends/kabir-singh-box-office-collection-day-3-shahid-kapoor-kiara-advani-movie-earnings-bollywood/story/358471.html |archive-date=24 June 2019 |access-date=24 June 2019 |work=[[Business Today (India)|Business Today]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Kaushal |first=Sweta |date=23 June 2019 |title=Kabir Singh glorifies toxic behaviour: More flaws in Shahid Kapoor film beyond misogyny |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/kabir-singh-glorifies-toxic-behaviour-more-flaws-in-shahid-kapoor-film-beyond-misogyny/story-i4ALOLBWA5WYKX7V8XFPeI.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190623200549/https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/kabir-singh-glorifies-toxic-behaviour-more-flaws-in-shahid-kapoor-film-beyond-misogyny/story-i4ALOLBWA5WYKX7V8XFPeI.html |archive-date=23 June 2019 |access-date=24 June 2019 |work=[[Hindustan Times]]}}</ref> Ronak Kotecha of ''[[The Times of India]]'' rated the film 3.5 out of 5 stars, saying, "While ''Kabir Singh'' is a welcome change from stereotypical love stories, this kind of love affair needs some getting used to. Through his protagonist, Sandeep bets all his cards on his leading man, making sure you either love him or hate him, but you can't ignore him."<ref>{{Cite news |last=Kotecha |first=Ronak |date=20 June 2019 |title=Kabir Singh Movie Review |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/movie-reviews/kabir-singh/movie-review/69879261.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20190620170404/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/movie-reviews/kabir-singh/movie-review/69879261.cms |archive-date=20 June 2019 |access-date=20 June 2019 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> Trade analyst and critic [[Taran Adarsh]] concurred with Kotecha on the film being an unconventional story and rated it three and half stars out of five. Declaring it "powerful", he praised Vanga's storytelling and Kapoor's performance. He felt that the film was a newfangled romantic tale.<ref>{{Cite tweet |number=1141792995534151681 |user=taran_adarsh |title=#OneWordReview... #KabirSingh: POWERFUL. Not the typical romantic saga. Unconventional, but powerful. Shahid is outstanding, career-best act. Kiara is lovely. Director Sandeep is an incredible storyteller. Overstretched runtime is a deterrent. #KabirSinghReview |author=Taran Adarsh |author-link=Taran Adarsh |date=21 June 2019}}</ref>

[[Anna M. M. Vetticad]] of ''[[Firstpost]]'' found the film "insidious" in its writing of the protagonist and wrote, "''Kabir Singh'' and its Telugu forebear ''[[Arjun Reddy]]'' must rank among the most disturbing examples of the obsessive stalker hero being glamourised by Indian cinema." Rating the film 1 out of 5 stars, she further elaborated that "it is not the depiction of reality that is objectionable here, it is precisely because violent, destructive misogynists do exist and women for centuries have suffered at their hands that it is deeply troubling when a film portrays such a person as cool, funny, and, as Kapoor puts it, a man with 'a good heart' who 'loves purely' and 'wears his emotions on his sleeve'."<ref name=":vetticad-review">{{Cite web |last=Vetticad |first=Anna MM |author-link=Anna M. M. Vetticad |date=25 October 2022 |title=Kabir Singh movie review: Shahid Kapoor's intensity is mined for a horrific, harrowing ode to misogyny |url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/kabir-singh-movie-review-shahid-kapoors-intensity-is-mined-for-a-horrific-harrowing-ode-to-misogyny-6857351.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220523183940/https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/kabir-singh-movie-review-shahid-kapoors-intensity-is-mined-for-a-horrific-harrowing-ode-to-misogyny-6857351.html |archive-date=23 May 2022 |access-date=1 June 2022 |website=[[Firstpost]] |language=en}}</ref> [[Rajeev Masand]] gave the film 2 out of 5 stars and said, "Kabir Singh is an unmistakably misogynistic film, but the sad part is that it's exactly these troubling portions that the filmmakers peddle as intense love."<ref>{{Cite news |last=Masand |first=Rajeev |author-link=Rajeev Masand |date=23 June 2019 |title=Kabir Singh Movie Review: Arjun Reddy Remake is Unapologetic Celebration of Toxic Masculinity |url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/kabir-singh-movie-review-arjun-reddy-remake-is-an-unapologetic-celebration-of-toxic-masculinity-2198859.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220603071259/https://www.news18.com/news/movies/kabir-singh-movie-review-arjun-reddy-remake-is-an-unapologetic-celebration-of-toxic-masculinity-2198859.html |archive-date=3 June 2022 |access-date=1 June 2022 |work=[[News18]]}}</ref> Priyanka Sinha Jha of [[News18]], praising Kapoor's performance, Vanga's story and direction, rated the film with three and a half stars out of five. She found editing and soulful music of the film appealing. She felt that the film was a rare story of star-crossed lovers which moves the audience. In the end, She says, "Reddy despite a brooding despairing protagonist takes things many notches higher and makes it one helluva trippy ride."<ref>{{Cite news |last=Sinha Jha |first=Priyanka |date=21 June 2019 |title=Kabir Singh Movie Review: What a Fantastic Actor Shahid Kapoor has Turned Out to Be |url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/kabir-singh-movie-review-what-a-fantastic-actor-shahid-kapoor-has-turned-out-to-be-2197987.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190621175404/https://www.news18.com/news/movies/kabir-singh-movie-review-what-a-fantastic-actor-shahid-kapoor-has-turned-out-to-be-2197987.html |archive-date=21 June 2019 |access-date=21 June 2019 |work=[[News18]]}}</ref> Devesh Sharma of ''[[Filmfare]]'' said, "At 172 minutes, the film is too long by modern standards. Thankfully, Vanga has gone for a non-linear mode of storytelling and going back and forth in the timeline does keep the viewer engrossed."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sharma |first=Devesh |date=21 June 2019 |title=Movie Review: Kabir Singh |url=https://www.filmfare.com/reviews/bollywood-movies/movie-review-kabir-singh-34451.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20190621035908/https://www.filmfare.com/reviews/bollywood-movies/movie-review-kabir-singh-34451.html |archive-date=21 June 2019 |access-date=21 June 2019 |website=[[Filmfare]]}}</ref>

[[Shubhra Gupta]] of ''[[The Indian Express]]'' giving the film one-and-a-half stars out of five, opined, "Kabir Singh (protagonist) is all flourish, mostly surface. You see him going through the motions, but you never really feel for him. And that, right there, is the problem: not enough pay off for three hours of pain.".<ref>{{Cite news |last=Gupta |first=Shubhra |date=21 June 2019 |title=Kabir Singh movie review: This Shahid Kapoor-starrer is all flourish |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/kabir-singh-movie-review-rating-shahid-kapoor-5791976/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190621175401/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/kabir-singh-movie-review-rating-shahid-kapoor-5791976/ |archive-date=21 June 2019 |access-date=21 June 2019 |work=[[The Indian Express]]}}</ref> Raja Sen of ''[[Hindustan Times]]'', agreeing with Gupta, gave one-and-a-half stars out of five and felt that it was the most misogynistic Indian film that had come in a long time. He praised the cinematography of Santhana Krishnan Ravichandran but criticised the other aspects of the film. He said, "''Kabir Singh'' actually applauds its pathetic protagonist, and ends up an obnoxious celebration of toxic masculinity."<ref>{{Cite news |last=Sen |first=Raja |date=21 June 2019 |title=Kabir Singh movie review: Shahid Kapoor plays the fool in this toxic, troubling film |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/kabir-singh-movie-review-shahid-kapoor-plays-the-fool-in-this-toxic-troubling-film/story-rBQXfpOZmcFDqRSHIlVrXM.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190621055050/https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/kabir-singh-movie-review-shahid-kapoor-plays-the-fool-in-this-toxic-troubling-film/story-rBQXfpOZmcFDqRSHIlVrXM.html |archive-date=21 June 2019 |access-date=21 June 2019 |work=[[Hindustan Times]]}}</ref> Kunal Guha of ''[[Mumbai Mirror]]'' rated the film two-and-a-half stars out of five, feeling that trimming the script by forty minutes would have helped.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Guha |first=Kunal |date=21 June 2019 |title=Kabir Singh Movie Review: This Shahid Kapoor, Kiara Advani adaptation of Arjun Reddy could have been 40 minutes shorter |url=https://mumbaimirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/movie-review/kabir-singh-movie-review-this-shahid-kapoor-kiara-advani-adaptation-of-arjun-reddy-could-have-been-40-minutes-shorter/articleshow/69884489.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190621210659/https://mumbaimirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/movie-review/kabir-singh-movie-review-this-shahid-kapoor-kiara-advani-adaptation-of-arjun-reddy-could-have-been-40-minutes-shorter/articleshow/69884489.cms |archive-date=21 June 2019 |access-date=22 June 2019 |work=[[Mumbai Mirror]]}}</ref>

Sandipan Sharma, writing for ''The Federal'', praised and defended the film, saying, "filmmakers should have the right to explore the mind of a flawed person." He slammed critics for accusing the film of "glorifying misogyny, portraying toxic masculinity, obsessive love, celebrating alcoholism, etc." He further added "If Kabir Singh were to inspire Indian men to turn into alcoholics, raging maniacs, would it be safe to assume that in a few years we'd see a full generation of youngsters inspired by biopics and our prime minister? [...] his tragi-comic story is so entertaining. Somewhere deep down it also reminds us of our own struggles, failures and flaws."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sharma |first=Sandipan |date=22 June 2019 |title=In defence of Kabir Singh, a man flawed like many around us |url=https://thefederal.com/opinion/in-defence-of-kabir-singh-a-man-flawed-like-many-around-us/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200702081705/https://thefederal.com/opinion/in-defence-of-kabir-singh-a-man-flawed-like-many-around-us/ |archive-date=2 July 2020 |access-date=3 July 2019}}</ref> Arnab Banerjee of ''Deccan Chronicle'' also rated the film 1.5 out of 5 stars, criticising it for misogyny but praising the performances of the supporting cast members including Majumdar, Bajwa, Dutta and Oberoi.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Banerjee |first=Arnab |date=22 June 2019 |title=Kabir Singh movie review: A loser bully gets glorified! |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/movie-reviews/220619/kabir-singh-movie-review-a-loser-bully-gets-glorified.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190622062803/https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/movie-reviews/220619/kabir-singh-movie-review-a-loser-bully-gets-glorified.html |archive-date=22 June 2019 |access-date=22 June 2019 |website=[[Deccan Chronicle]]}}</ref>

In response to criticism that ''Kabir Singh'' glorifies its eponymous hero's misogyny, Kapoor defended the character, saying, "There are all kinds of people in real life, including alpha-males who feel territorial entitlement, and I have played this character truthfully".<ref>{{Cite news |last=Arya |first=Divya |date=25 June 2019 |title=Why Bollywood's misogyny problem is not new |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-48754412 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20190626042547/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-48754412 |archive-date=26 June 2019 |access-date=25 June 2019 |work=[[BBC]]}}</ref> Actor [[Manoj Bajpayee]] also defended the film, stressing on the futility of shutting down such films and indicating that censoring one film could lead to a trend of [[Moral police|moral policing]] across various segments and potentially limit artistic expression.<ref>{{Cite news |date=3 December 2023 |title=Manoj Bajpayee's controversial take on 'Kabir Singh': Films don't change society, films change hairstyles |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/manoj-bajpayees-controversial-take-on-kabir-singh-films-dont-change-society-films-change-hairstyles/articleshow/105703168.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231203120717/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/manoj-bajpayees-controversial-take-on-kabir-singh-films-dont-change-society-films-change-hairstyles/articleshow/105703168.cms |archive-date=3 December 2023 |access-date=24 February 2024 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> Filmmaker [[Anurag Kashyap]] defended the film, feeling it represented more than 70 to 80% of urban India, and that [[political correctness]] does not work all the time, particularly in cinema where making films with positive messages and love stories with happy endings has led to nowhere.<ref>{{Cite news |date=13 December 2019 |title=Anurag Kashyap defends Kabir Singh, says it represents 70% of urban India |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/kabir-singh-represents-70-of-urban-india-anurag-kashyap-defends-shahid-kapoor-s-film/story-z805CiDVfN1ccRyt8IdFKI.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240224145738/https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/kabir-singh-represents-70-of-urban-india-anurag-kashyap-defends-shahid-kapoor-s-film/story-z805CiDVfN1ccRyt8IdFKI.html |archive-date=24 February 2024 |access-date=24 February 2024 |work=[[Hindustan Times]] |agency=[[Press Trust of India|PTI]]}}</ref>

=== Box office ===
''Kabir Singh''{{'}}s opening day domestic collection was {{INR}}20.21 crore. This is the highest opening day collection for a Shahid Kapoor film. On the second day, the film collected {{INR}}22.71 crore.<ref>{{Cite news |date=23 June 2019 |title=Kabir Singh box office collection Day 2: Shahid Kapoor and Kiara Advani film is unstoppable |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/kabir-singh-box-office-collection-day-2-shahid-kapoor-and-kiara-advani-film-is-unstoppable-1554409-2019-06-23 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190623060512/https://www.indiatoday.in/amp/movies/bollywood/story/kabir-singh-box-office-collection-day-2-shahid-kapoor-and-kiara-advani-film-is-unstoppable-1554409-2019-06-23 |archive-date=23 June 2019 |access-date=23 June 2019 |work=[[India Today]]}}</ref> On the third day, the film collected {{INR}}27.91 crore.<ref>{{Cite news |date=24 June 2019 |title=Kabir Singh box office collection Day 3: Shahid Kapoor starrer is the biggest non-holiday opener of 2019 |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/box-office-collection/kabir-singh-collection-day-3-shahid-kapoor-5795798/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190624062206/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/box-office-collection/kabir-singh-collection-day-3-shahid-kapoor-5795798/ |archive-date=24 June 2019 |access-date=24 June 2019 |work=[[The Indian Express]]}}</ref>

{{As of|2019|10|10}}, with a gross of {{INR}}331.24 crore in India and {{INR}}47.78 crore overseas, the film has a worldwide gross collection of {{INR}}379.2 crore.<ref name="bo total" />

''Kabir Singh'' was the third [[List of Bollywood films of 2019#Box office collection|highest grossing Bollywood]] film of 2019.<ref name="bwww" /> Going by domestic net collection, the film is the 9th [[List of highest domestic net collection of Hindi films#Domestic net figures|list of Hindi films with highest domestic net collection]]. It also became the first A-certified Indian film to gross over {{INR}} 200 crore in India.<ref>{{Cite web |date=4 July 2019 |title=Kabir Singh enters 200 crore club, first A-rated film to achieve the feat |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/stories/news/2019/jul/04/kabir-singh-enters-200-crore-club-first-a-rated-film-to-achieve-the-feat-12747.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190705045731/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/stories/news/2019/jul/04/kabir-singh-enters-200-crore-club-first-a-rated-film-to-achieve-the-feat-12747.html |archive-date=5 July 2019 |access-date=5 July 2019 |website=[[Cinema Express]]}}</ref>

== Home media ==
The film was available for streaming on [[Netflix]] from 19 September 2019<ref>{{Cite web |last=Singh |first=Vrutika |date=5 September 2019 |title=All the new movies streaming on Netflix, Amazon Prime Video, Hotstar, Zee5 & Vodafone Play in September 2019 |url=https://www.gqindia.com/entertainment/content/list-of-all-the-new-hollywood-bollywood-movies-releasing-on-netflix-amazon-prime-video-hotstar-premium-zee5-and-vodafone-play-in-september-2019 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230206061426/https://www.gqindia.com/entertainment/content/list-of-all-the-new-hollywood-bollywood-movies-releasing-on-netflix-amazon-prime-video-hotstar-premium-zee5-and-vodafone-play-in-september-2019 |archive-date=6 February 2023 |access-date=25 September 2023 |website=[[GQ (Indian edition)|GQ]]}}</ref> to 18 September 2025.

== Accolades ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Date of ceremony
! Award
! Category
! Recipient(s) and nominee(s)
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Result
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | {{abbr|Ref.|Reference(s)}}
|-
| rowspan="8"| [[26th Screen Awards|8 December 2019]]
| rowspan="8"| [[Screen Awards]]
| [[Screen Award for Best Film|Best Film]]
| ''Kabir Singh''
| {{nom}}
| rowspan="8"|<ref>{{Cite news |date=9 December 2019 |title=Screen Awards 2019 full winners list |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/screen-awards-2019-full-winners-list-ranveer-alia-ayushmann-bag-big-trophies-1626610-2019-12-09 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191225175239/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/screen-awards-2019-full-winners-list-ranveer-alia-ayushmann-bag-big-trophies-1626610-2019-12-09 |archive-date=25 December 2019 |access-date=21 February 2020 |work=India Today}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=9 December 2019 |title=Winners of Star Screen Awards 2019 |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/winners-star-screen-awards-2019/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200320124008/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/winners-star-screen-awards-2019/ |archive-date=20 March 2020 |access-date=21 February 2020 |website=Bollywood Hungama}}</ref>
|-
| [[Screen Award for Best Director|Best Director]]
| [[Sandeep Reddy Vanga]]
| {{nom}}
|-
| [[Screen Award for Best Actor|Best Actor]]
| rowspan="2"| [[Shahid Kapoor]]
| {{nom}}
|-
| Entertainer of the Year (Shared with [[Ranveer Singh]] – [[Gully Boy]])
| {{won}}
|-
| [[Screen Award for Best Supporting Actor|Best Supporting Actor]]
| Soham Majumdar
| {{nom}}
|-
| [[Screen Award for Best Supporting Actress|Best Supporting Actress]]
| [[Kamini Kaushal]]
| {{won}}
|-
| [[Screen Award for Best Music Director|Best Music Director]] (Shared with Gully Boy)
| [[Akhil Sachdeva]] [[Amaal Mallik]] [[Mithoon]] [[Vishal Mishra (composer)|Vishal Mishra]] [[Sachet–Parampara]]
| {{won}}
|-
| [[Screen Award for Best Male Playback|Best Male Playback Singer]]
| [[Sachet–Parampara|Sachet Tandon]] ("Bekhayali")
| {{won}}
|-
| rowspan="8"| [[65th Filmfare Awards|15 February 2020]]
| rowspan="8"| [[Filmfare Awards]]
| [[Filmfare Award for Best Actor|Best Actor]]
| Shahid Kapoor
| {{nom}}
| rowspan="8"|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nominations For 65th Amazon Filmfare Awards 2020 |url=https://www.filmfare.com/awards/filmfare-awards-2020/nominations |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200203105210/https://www.filmfare.com/awards/filmfare-awards-2020/nominations |archive-date=3 February 2020 |access-date=18 February 2020 |website=Filmfare}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Winners Of The 65th Amazon Filmfare Awards 2020 |url=https://www.filmfare.com/awards/filmfare-awards-2020/winners |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200301151334/https://www.filmfare.com/awards/filmfare-awards-2020/winners |archive-date=1 March 2020 |access-date=18 February 2020 |website=Filmfare}}</ref>
|-
| [[Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actress|Best Supporting Actress]]
| Kamini Kaushal
| {{nom}}
|-
| [[Filmfare Award for Best Music Director|Best Music Director]] (Shared with Gully Boy)
| Akhil Sachdeva Amaal Mallik Mithoon Vishal Mishra Sachet–Parampara
| {{won}}
|-
| rowspan="2"| [[Filmfare Award for Best Lyricist|Best Lyricist]]
| [[Irshad Kamil]] ("[[Bekhayali]]")
| {{nom}}
|-
| Mithoon ("[[Tujhe Kitna Chahne Lage]]")
| {{nom}}
|-
| [[Filmfare Award for Best Male Playback Singer|Best Male Playback Singer]]
| Sachet Tandon ("Bekhayali")
| {{nom}}
|-
| rowspan="2"| [[Filmfare Award for Best Female Playback Singer|Best Female Playback Singer]]
| [[Shreya Ghoshal]] ("Ye Aaina")
| {{nom}}
|-
| [[Sachet–Parampara|Parampara Thakur]] ("Mere Sohneya")
| {{nom}}
|-
| rowspan="9"| 19 February 2020
| rowspan="9"| [[Mirchi Music Awards]]
| [[Mirchi Music Award for Song of The Year|Song of The Year]]
| "Tujhe Kitna Chahne Lage"
| {{nom}}
| rowspan="9"|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nominations for the 12th Smule Mirchi Music Awards 2020 |url=http://www.mirchimusicawards.com/hindi-2020/nominations-hindi-2020/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200228040630/http://www.mirchimusicawards.com/hindi-2020/nominations-hindi-2020/ |archive-date=28 February 2020 |access-date=20 February 2020 |website=Mirchi Music Awards}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news |date=20 February 2020 |title=12th Smule Mirchi Music Awards 2020: Complete list of winners |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/music/news/12th-smule-mirchi-music-awards-2020-complete-list-of-winners/articleshow/74213682.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200219184812/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/music/news/12th-smule-mirchi-music-awards-2020-complete-list-of-winners/articleshow/74213682.cms |archive-date=19 February 2020 |access-date=20 February 2020 |work=The Times of India}}</ref>
|-
| [[Mirchi Music Award for Album of The Year|Album of The Year]]
| rowspan="2"| ''Kabir Singh''
| {{nom}}
|-
| Listeners' Choice Album of the Year
| {{nom}}
|-
| Listeners' Choice Song of the Year
| "Bekhayali"
| {{won}}
|-
| [[Mirchi Music Award for Male Vocalist of The Year|Male Vocalist of The Year]]
| Arijit Singh ("Tujhe Kitna Chahne Lage")
| {{nom}}
|-
| [[Mirchi Music Award for Female Vocalist of The Year|Female Vocalist of The Year]]
| Parampara Thakur ("Mere Sohneya")
| {{nom}}
|-
| rowspan="2"| [[Mirchi Music Award for Music Composer of The Year|Music Composer of The Year]]
| Mithoon ("Tujhe Kitna Chahne Lage")
| {{nom}}
|-
| Sachet–Parampara ("Bekhayali")
| {{nom}}
|-
| [[Mirchi Music Award for Lyricist of The Year|Lyricist of The Year]]
| Irshad Kamil ("Bekhayali")
| {{nom}}
|-
| 13 March 2020
| [[Zee Cine Awards]]
| [[Zee Cine Award for Best Music Director|Best Music Director]]
| Akhil Sachdeva Amaal Mallik Mithoon Vishal Mishra Sachet–Parampara
| {{won}}
|<ref>{{Cite news |date=14 March 2020 |title=Zee Cine Awards 2020 Winners List |url=https://news.abplive.com/entertainment/movies/zee-cine-awards-2020-winners-list-ranveer-singh-taapsee-pannu-ayushmann-khurrana-walk-away-with-trophies-1175146 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200315152606/https://news.abplive.com/entertainment/movies/zee-cine-awards-2020-winners-list-ranveer-singh-taapsee-pannu-ayushmann-khurrana-walk-away-with-trophies-1175146 |archive-date=15 March 2020 |access-date=16 March 2020 |work=ABP News}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="8"| [[21st IIFA Awards|24 November 2021]]
| rowspan="8"| [[International Indian Film Academy Awards]]
| [[IIFA Award for Best Film|Best Film]]
| ''Kabir Singh''
| {{won}}
| rowspan="8"|<ref>{{Cite web |title=IIFA Awards 2020: Here are the nominations! |url=https://www.iifa.com/blog/Xl-zhxEAACIAaNIf/iifa-awards-2020-here-are-the-nominations |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200505143844/https://www.iifa.com/blog/Xl-zhxEAACIAaNIf/iifa-awards-2020-here-are-the-nominations |archive-date=5 May 2020 |access-date=16 March 2020 |website=International Indian Film Academy Awards}}</ref>
|-
| [[IIFA Award for Best Director|Best Director]]
| Sandeep Reddy Vanga
| {{nom}}
|-
| [[IIFA Award for Best Actor|Best Actor]]
| Shahid Kapoor
| {{won}}
|-
| [[IIFA Award for Best Music Director|Best Music Director]]
| Akhil Sachdeva Amaal Mallik Mithoon Vishal Mishra Sachet–Parampara
| {{won}}
|-
| [[IIFA Award for Best Male Playback Singer|Best Male Playback Singer]]
| Sachet Tandon ("Bekhayali")
| {{nom}}
|-
| [[IIFA Award for Best Female Playback Singer|Best Female Playback Singer]]
| Shreya Ghoshal ("Ye Aaina")
| {{won}}
|-
| rowspan="2"| [[IIFA Award for Best Lyricist|Best Lyricist]]
| Irshad Kamil ("Bekhayali")
| {{nom}}
|-
| [[Kumaar]] ("Tera Ban Jaunga")
| {{nom}}
|-
|}

== References ==
<references>
<ref name="TitleRevealed">{{Cite news |last=Lohana |first=Avinash |date=26 October 2018 |title=Shahid Kapoor's Hindi remake of Arjun Reddy titled Kabir Singh |url=https://mumbaimirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/shahid-kapoors-hindi-remake-of-arjun-reddy-titled-kabir-singh/articleshow/66371505.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20181026035858/https://mumbaimirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/shahid-kapoors-hindi-remake-of-arjun-reddy-titled-kabir-singh/articleshow/66371505.cms |archive-date=26 October 2018 |access-date=26 October 2018 |work=[[Mumbai Mirror]]}}</ref>
<ref name="ShahidConfirmed">{{Cite web |last=Pudipeddi |first=Haricharan |date=26 April 2018 |title=Shahid Kapoor confirmed for Hindi remake of Arjun Reddy; film's director says 'there's more freedom in Bollywood' |url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/shahid-kapoor-confirmed-for-hindi-remake-of-arjun-reddy-films-director-says-theres-more-freedom-in-bollywood-4446395.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20181030093521/https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/shahid-kapoor-confirmed-for-hindi-remake-of-arjun-reddy-films-director-says-theres-more-freedom-in-bollywood-4446395.html |archive-date=30 October 2018 |access-date=30 October 2018 |website=[[Firstpost]]}}</ref>
<ref name="bollywoodhungama">{{Cite web |date=21 June 2019 |title=Kabir Singh Cast & Crew |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/kabir-singh/cast/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20190625133753/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/kabir-singh/cast/ |archive-date=25 June 2019 |access-date=25 June 2019 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]}}</ref>
<ref name="bo total">{{Cite web |date=21 June 2019 |title=Kabir Singh Box Office Collection |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/kabir-singh/box-office/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190626180542/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/kabir-singh/box-office/ |archive-date=26 June 2019 |access-date=11 October 2019 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]}}</ref>
<ref name="bwww">{{Cite web |title=Bollywood Top Grossers Worldwide |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/box-office-collections/worldwide/2019/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191118064625/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/box-office-collections/worldwide/2019/ |archive-date=18 November 2019 |access-date=18 November 2019 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]}}</ref>
</references>

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title}}
* {{Bollywood Hungama movie}}

{{Sandeep Reddy Vanga}}
{{IIFA Award for Best Movie}}
{{Portal bar|India|Film|Bollywood}}

[[Category:2019 Hindi-language films]]
[[Category:2019 Indian films]]
[[Category:2010s psychological drama films]]
[[Category:2019 films]]
[[Category:2019 romantic drama films]]
[[Category:Films about alcoholism]]
[[Category:Films about depression]]
[[Category:Films about surgeons]]
[[Category:Films directed by Sandeep Reddy Vanga]]
[[Category:Films scored by Harshavardhan Rameshwar]]
[[Category:Films set in Delhi]]
[[Category:Films set in Mumbai]]
[[Category:Films set in universities and colleges]]
[[Category:Films shot in Mumbai]]
[[Category:Hindi remakes of Telugu films]]
[[Category:Hindi-language romantic drama films]]
[[Category:Indian nonlinear narrative films]]
[[Category:Indian psychological drama films]]
[[Category:Indian romantic drama films]]
[[Category:Medical-themed films]]
[[Category:T-Series (company) films]]
[[Category:Films distributed by AA Films]]

Ohangam

2026-03-23T19:50:54Z

WernerStoate3: starting post

{{Short description|Village in Jammu and Kashmir}}
{{use dmy dates|date=August 2021}}
{{use Indian English|date=August 2021}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Ohangam/Wuhangam
| blank1_info_sec1 =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total =
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| blank1_name_sec1 = Sex Ratio
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| area_footnotes =
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Kashmiri language|Kashmiri]], [[Urdu]], [[Hindi]], [[Dogri language|Dogri]], [[English language|English]]<ref name="OfficialLang">{{cite web |url=http://egazette.nic.in/WriteReadData/2020/222037.pdf |title=The Jammu and Kashmir Official Languages Act, 2020 |publisher=The Gazette of India|date=27 September 2020 |access-date=27 September 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | title=Parliament passes JK Official Languages Bill, 2020 | work=Rising Kashmir | date=23 September 2020 | url=http://risingkashmir.com/news/parliament-passes-jk-official-languages-bill-2020 | access-date=30 May 2021 | archive-date=24 September 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200924141909/http://risingkashmir.com/news/parliament-passes-jk-official-languages-bill-2020 | url-status=dead }}</ref>
| demographics1_title2 =
| demographics1_info2 =
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 193401
| registration_plate = JK04
| website =
| area_rank =
| unit_pref = Metric
| subdivision_type = Country
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Village
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Jammu and Kashmir#India
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Jammu and Kashmir, India
| coordinates = {{coord|34|02|25|N|74|35|42|E|type:city_region:IN|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_name = [[India]]
| governing_body =
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|Union territory]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of Jammu and Kashmir|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Budgam district|Budgam]]
| subdivision_type3 = Tehsil
| subdivision_name3 = Beerwah
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder = not known.
| named_for =
| government_type = Panchayat
| footnotes =
}}

'''Ohangam'''<ref>{{Cite web|title=Census of India: Search Details|url=https://censusindia.gov.in/pca/SearchDetails.aspx?Id=547|access-date=2021-08-03|website=censusindia.gov.in}}</ref> is a village in tehsil [[Beerwah, Jammu and Kashmir|Beerwah]] of district [[Budgam district|Budgam]] of the [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir.]]<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Registrar|first1=India Office of the|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MTlAAAAAMAAJ&q=narawarah|title=Census of India, 1971: Series 8: Jammu & Kashmir|last2=General|first2=India Office of the Registrar|date=1972|publisher=Manager of Publications|language=en}}</ref> its population is about 3500. The famous Kashmiri poet and author of Kashmiri folktale ''[[Himal and Nagaray|Heemal Nagrai]]'', [[Waliullah Mattu]] is from the same village. The shrine of famous Sufi saint Baba Hanief Ud Din Reshi is lacated in the North East of Ohangam.

== See also ==
* [[Chewdara]]
* [[Rathsoon]]
* [[Aripanthan]]
* [[Sonapah]]
* [[Wanihama]]
* [[Meerpora]]
* [[Beerwah, Jammu and Kashmir|Beerwah]]
* [[Arwah]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==

{{Jammu and Kashmir}}
{{Budgam district}}

[[Category:Villages in Budgam district]]

{{JammuKashmir-geo-stub}}

Ram Van Gaman Path

2026-03-21T16:52:41Z

WernerStoate3: starting stub

{{Short description|Religious tourism circuit}}
{{Cleanup rewrite|date=October 2024}}
{{Hinduism}}
'''Ram Van Gaman Path'''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ram Van Gaman Path |url=https://ramvangamanpath.com/ |access-date=2022-07-21 |website=ramvangamanpath |language=en-US |archive-date=2022-05-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220509083955/https://ramvangamanpath.com/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> is the path that [[Rama|Lord Rama]], [[Sita]] and [[Lakshmana]] took during their 'vanvaas' or exile years. It starts from [[Ayodhya]] and ends at [[Sri Lanka]]. This path is much revered in the [[Hindu Religion|Hindu religion]] as various key incidents of Lord Rama's life have taken place on this path.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-01-05 |title=Gadkari promises Ram Van Gaman Marg from Ayodhya to Rameswaram |url=https://theprint.in/india/gadkari-promises-ram-van-gaman-marg-from-ayodhya-to-rameswaram/796379/ |access-date=2022-06-21 |website=ThePrint |language=en-US}}</ref>

As per [[Ramayana]], Lord Rama through his wandering years traveled from [[India]] to Sri Lanka.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Pande |first=Vikrant |title=In The Footsteps Of Rama : Travels with the Ramayana |date=2021 |others=Neelesh Kulkarni |isbn=978-93-5422-677-9 |oclc=1324544385}}</ref> During his ‘vanvaas’ or exile, he was not allowed to stay in any village or town and live his life in a forest. Owing to this, after taking his leave from Ayodhya, Lord Rama wandered through the forests of [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[Jharkhand]], [[Chhattisgarh]], [[Madhya Pradesh]], [[Odisha]], [[Karnataka]], [[Telangana]], [[Maharashtra]] and [[Tamil Nadu]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=October 2021 |title=ऐसे संवरेगा 'राम वन गमन' पथ:जिन रास्तों से गुजरकर प्रभु राम लंका पहुंचे थे, उसका अधिकांश हिस्सा मध्यप्रदेश-छत्तीसगढ़ में; यहां अब बदल रही है तस्वीर |url=https://www.bhaskar.com/local/chhattisgarh/news/diwali-special-ram-van-gaman-marg-latest-updates-lord-shri-ram-reached-sri-lanka-via-mp-cg-129089420.html |access-date=2022-06-21 |website=bhaskar.com}}</ref>

== Background ==
The [[Ram Janmabhoomi|Ram Janmbhoomi Andolan]] was a decisive point for the Ram Van Gaman Path. In 1991 the frenzy of this movement influenced the government to take an initiative to chalk out and trace the life and movement of Lord Rama. A total of 248 places have been identified across India with the objective to develop them into places of interest for the travelling populace.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ram Van Gaman Path Explainer: क्या है राम वन गमन पथ जहां पड़े श्री राम के पग, जानिए सबकुछ |url=https://navbharattimes.indiatimes.com/state/uttar-pradesh/allahabad/the-path-through-which-shri-ram-passed-what-is-ram-van-gaman-path-latest-news/articleshow/88714261.cms |access-date=2022-06-21 |website=Navbharat Times |language=hi}}</ref>

== Locations ==
{{expand section|date=June 2023}}

A total of 248 places have been identified within the nations of India and Sri Lanka that lie on the course of the Ram Van Gaman Path. There is a plan to develop these spots and showcase them as part of the socio-cultural and religious tourism circuit. Below mentioned are some of the most prominent ones.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-01-04 |title=Ram Van Gaman Project: Gadkari to lay foundation stone of Ganga bridge Jan 5 |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/others/ram-van-gaman-project-gadkari-to-lay-foundation-stone-of-ganga-bridge-jan-5-101641236372176.html |access-date=2022-06-21 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=शिव'राज' में होगा राम वन गमन पथ का विकास, चित्रकूट से अमरकंटक तक बनेगा पथ |url=https://zeenews.india.com/hindi/india/madhya-pradesh-chhattisgarh/madhya-pradesh-shivraj-will-made-kamal-nath-ram-van-gaman-path/729660 |access-date=2022-06-21 |website=Zee News |language=hi}}</ref>

=== Uttar Pradesh ===
A 177 km section of road has been in development in Uttar Pradesh as Ram Van Gaman Marg.<ref>{{Cite web |last=BBIS |date=2022-03-24 |title=Land acquisition started for Ram Van Gaman Path, 177 km road will be built from Ayodhya to Chitrakoot |url=https://www.theindiaprint.com/up-news-english/land-acquisition-started-for-ram-van-gaman-path-177-km-road-will-be-built-from-ayodhya-to-chitrakoot-207719 |access-date=2022-06-21 |website=THE INDIA PRINT |language=en }}{{Dead link|date=July 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Prayagraj News: राम वन गमन पथ के किनारे के मंदिर-तीर्थ संवरेंगे, अयोध्या से चित्रकूट तक सर्वे शुरू |url=https://www.amarujala.com/uttar-pradesh/allahabad/temple-shrines-along-the-banks-of-the-ram-van-gaman-path-will-decorate |access-date=2022-06-21 |website=Amar Ujala |language=hi}}</ref>

The most prominent places being developed are:
* [[Ayodhya]]
* [[Sultanpur, Uttar Pradesh|Sultanpur]]
* [[Pratapgarh district, Uttar Pradesh|Pratapgrah]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-01-04 |title=Ram Van Gaman Project: Gadkari to lay foundation stone of Ganga bridge Jan 5 |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/others/ram-van-gaman-project-gadkari-to-lay-foundation-stone-of-ganga-bridge-jan-5-101641236372176.html |access-date=2022-06-22 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Prayagraj]]
* [[Chitrakoot district|Chitrakoot]]

=== Chhattisgarh ===
Nine places in this region have been selected for inclusion in the first phase of development and restoration.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Sharma |first=Sandeep Ravidutt |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZgtMEAAAQBAJ |title=ProjectX India: 1st October 2021 - Tracking Multisector Projects from India |date=2021-10-01 |publisher=Sandeep Ravidutt Sharma |language=en}}</ref>

They are:

* [[Sitamarhi Harchowka]] ([[Koriya district|Koriya]])
* Ramgarh ([[Surguja district|Surguja]])
* [[Shivrinarayan]] ([[Janjgir–Champa district|Janjgir-Champa]])
* Turturia ([[Baloda Bazar district|Balodabazar]])
* Chandkhuri ([[Raipur district|Raipur]])
* [[Rajim]] ([[Gariaband district|Gariaband]])
* [[Sihava Saptarishi Ashram]] ([[Dhamtari district|Dhamtari]])
* [[Jagdalpur]] ([[Bastar district|Bastar]])
* Ramaram ([[Sukma district|Sukma]]).

=== Madhya Pradesh ===
The state government of Madhya Pradesh also plans to develop the Ram Van Gaman Path in 3 phases.<ref>{{Cite web |title=शिव'राज' में होगा राम वन गमन पथ का विकास, चित्रकूट से अमरकंटक तक बनेगा पथ |url=https://zeenews.india.com/hindi/india/madhya-pradesh-chhattisgarh/madhya-pradesh-shivraj-will-made-kamal-nath-ram-van-gaman-path/729660 |access-date=2022-06-21 |website=Zee News |language=hi}}</ref>

The following places in Madhya Pradesh are included in this project:
* [[Chitrakoot, Madhya Pradesh|Chitrakoot]]
* [[Amarkantak]] ([[Shahdol district|Shahdol]])
* [[Satna]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-01-04 |title=Ram Van Gaman Project: Gadkari to lay foundation stone of Ganga bridge Jan 5 |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/others/ram-van-gaman-project-gadkari-to-lay-foundation-stone-of-ganga-bridge-jan-5-101641236372176.html |access-date=2022-06-22 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref>

=== Maharashtra ===

* [[Ramtek]]
* [[Nashik|Nasik]]
* [[Tuljapur]]
* [[Naldurg]]

=== Karnataka ===

* [[Hampi]]
* [[Ramagiri, Bangalore district|Ramagiri]]
* [[Halu Rameshwara]]
* Sureban(near Belgaum) where Rama met Shabari

=== Andhra Pradesh/Telangana ===
* [[Bhadrachalam]]
* [[Lepakshi]]
* [[Parnasala]]
* [[Ramagundam]]
* [[Kaleshwaram|Kaleswaram]]
* [[Keesaragutta Temple|Keesaragutta]](near Hyderabad)

=== Tamilnadu ===
* [[Thirunangur]]
* [[Rameshwaram]]
* [[Dhanushkodi]]
* [[Ram Setu]]

=== Sri Lanka ===
* [[Ram Setu]]

== Cultural and religious significance ==
In Hinduism, Rama (or Ramachandra) is the seventh avatar of the Hindu god [[Vishnu]] and one of the most sacred deities. Ramayana is one of the most prolific literatures in Hinduism. The earliest scripture of Ramayana was found to be written approximately between the 7th to 4th centuries BCE.<ref>{{Cite book |author=Vālmīki |title=The Rāmāyaṇa of Vālmīki : an epic of ancient India |date=2007 |publisher=Motilal Banarsidass Publishers Private Ltd |author2=Robert P. Goldman |author3=Sheldon I. Pollock |author4=Sally J. Sutherland Goldman |author5=Rosalind Lefeber |isbn=978-81-208-3089-9 |edition=1st |location=Delhi, India |oclc=192096476}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |author=Devdutt Pattanaik |date=Aug 6, 2020 |title=Was Ram born in Ayodhya? |url=https://mumbaimirror.indiatimes.com/news/india/was-ram-born-in-ayodhya/articleshow/77380259.cms |access-date=2022-06-22 |website=Mumbai Mirror}}</ref> Lord Rama's story is also seen as a key part of Hindu mythology, and is often used to teach moral lessons to masses.

The Ram Van Gaman Path is a step towards development of a tourism circuit by leveraging public sentiment and devotion, with major development works spread across the states of Uttar Pradesh, Chhattisgarh and Madhya Pradesh. According to Chhattisgarh's Chief Minister [[Bhupesh Baghel]], "The ambitious project of 'Ram Van Gaman Tourism Circuit' aims to preserve memories linked to Lord Ram’s stay in Chhattisgarh during his exile from Ayodhya".<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-04-10 |title='Ram Van Gaman Tourism Circuit' aims to preserve memories linked to Lord Ram's stay in Chhattisgarh: CM Baghel |url=https://theprint.in/india/ram-van-gaman-tourism-circuit-aims-to-preserve-memories-linked-to-lord-rams-stay-in-chhattisgarh-cm-baghel/910829/ |access-date=2022-06-22 |website=ThePrint |language=en-US}}</ref>

By developing this tourism circuit the Government aims to boost economy, infrastructure, investment and jobs in selected regions.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Shri Nitin Gadkari inaugurates and lays foundation stone for 821 km of National Highways worth Rs 26778 crore in Uttar Pradesh |url=https://pib.gov.in/pib.gov.in/Pressreleaseshare.aspx?PRID=1787715 |access-date=2022-06-22 |website=pib.gov.in}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[Parikrama]]
* [[Yatra]]
* [[Ramayana circuit]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*[https://ramvangamanpath.com/ Official site] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220509083955/https://ramvangamanpath.com/ |date=2022-05-09 }}

[[Category:Hinduism]]
[[Category:Hinduism and government]]
[[Category:Tourism in India]]
[[Category:Ramayana]]
[[Category:Chief ministership of Bhupesh Baghel]]

Sathriyan (2017 film)

2026-03-21T13:16:33Z

WernerStoate3:

{{Short description|2017 Tamil action drama film by S. R. Prabhakaran}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2017}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Sathriyan
| image = Sathriyan 2017 poster.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[S. R. Prabhakaran]]
| producer = {{plainlist|
*T. T. G. Thyagasaravanan
*Selvi Thiyagarajan
}}
| writer = S. R. Prabhakaran
| starring = {{plainlist|
*[[Vikram Prabhu]]
*[[Manjima Mohan]]
*[[Kavin (actor)|Kavin]]
*[[Aishwarya Dutta]]
*[[Rio Raj]]
}}
| music = [[Yuvan Shankar Raja]]
| cinematography = [[Sivakumar Vijayan]]
| editing = M. Venkat
| studio = [[Sathya Jyothi Films]]
| distributor = Saattai Karthik
| released = {{Film date|2017|06|09|df=yes}}
| runtime =
| country = India
| language = Tamil
| budget =
| gross =

}}
'''''Sathriyan''''' ({{translation|''Warrior''}}) is a 2017 Indian Tamil-language [[action drama film]] written and directed by [[S. R. Prabhakaran]] and produced by Sathya Jyothi Films. The film features [[Vikram Prabhu]] and [[Manjima Mohan]], while [[Kavin (actor)|Kavin]], [[Aishwarya Dutta]] and [[Rio Raj]] play supporting roles. The film was shot in [[Tiruchirappalli]]. The music was composed by [[Yuvan Shankar Raja]] with cinematography by [[Sivakumar Vijayan]] and editing by M. Venkat. The film released on 9 June 2017.<ref>{{Cite tweet |number=866568347260829696 |user=iamVikramPrabhu |title=#Sathriyan from June 9th 🙏👍😊 |author=Vikram Prabhu |date=22 May 2017}}</ref>

== Plot ==
Niranjana is the daughter of Samuthiram, Tiruchirapalli's biggest rowdy, who works for the minister as his minion. The minister calls Samuthiram and tells him to come to one of his factories to handle a personal matter. Upon arriving, Samuthiram becomes suspicious as no one is present. He calls Ravi, his second-in-command, and asks for one of their boys to check on him. Meanwhile, the minister's goon Shankar and his gang arrive and kill Samuthiram for meeting with the opposing party's minister. Guna, having been sent by Ravi, arrives and finds Samuthiram dead. The gang holds a funeral with Samuthiram's family, and Ravi swears loyalty to them. Guna kills Vetri, a goon from Shankar's gang, for becoming an approver.

Meanwhile, some guys have been harassing Niranjana at her college bus stop for weeks. Her mother asks Ravi to send someone to take care of it. Ravi sends Guna, who slashes the guy's arm. Later, that guy's friends threaten to throw acid on Niranjana if he does not recover, and Guna is tasked with following and keeping Niranjana safe until she finishes college. She slowly falls in love with him and proposes to Guna, but he refuses, saying that love will not work for him and that the townspeople respect and fear him. She asks him to spend a day without any weapons. He does this, but learns that Shankar's men are following him on that very day.

The next day, Niranjana asks Guna if he was scared even for a minute because he had no weapons with him. She tells him that he was not fearing the enemy but their weapons; similarly, the town's people are afraid of his weapons and not him. She tells him to come out of this delusion and seriously consider starting a life and family for himself. She also says she will wait for him until then. Guna then starts reciprocating her feelings. He tells Ravi about his love for Niranjana, but Ravi tells Guna to forget her, as it is inappropriate.

Meanwhile, Shankar's gang follows Guna to kill him, and he gets stabbed but survives with the help of Dr. Chandran. Niranjana's family learns about Guna's relationship with her and refuses to accept it. Guna gets into a scuffle with Niranjana's brother. Shankar and his gang try to kill Guna again, and Guna ends up killing Shankar and eloping with Niranjana to Thondi while Ravi and the police continue to search for him. Guna asks Chandran to fetch {{INR}}7 lakhs, his passport, and his mother's wedding chain from his home, and Chandran goes to Guna's house. One of Ravi's men informs Ravi about someone's presence in the house. Ravi and three of his men wait outside to stab the man, as they think it is Guna. They stab the man, who turns out to be Chandran. Ravi asks where Guna is, but Chandran refuses to tell. Ravi tells him to tell Guna that he will find them and bring Niranjana home by killing Guna, and lets Chandran go.

Guna is furious that Ravi, whom he thought of as his own brother, tried to kill him. He goes to Trichy, where a chase and fight ensue between Guna, Ravi, and his gang, with Guna gaining the upper hand and slashing Ravi multiple times. Ravi asks Guna to kill him, but Guna cannot bring himself to do so. He asks Ravi to leave everything and takes him to the hospital. Guna also convinces his friend from Shankar's gang to leave the violent life behind and join him. The film ends with Guna, Niranjana, Chandran, and his girlfriend having married; Ravi, his wife, and his children coming to Niranjana's home; and her mother taking an aarti to everyone.

==Cast==
{{colbegin}}
* [[Vikram Prabhu]] as Gunasekaran "Guna"
* [[Manjima Mohan]] as Niranjana<ref>{{Cite web |last=Subramanian |first=Anupama |date=4 February 2017 |title=Sathriyan is a realistic gangster movie: Director SR Prabhakaran |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/kollywood/040217/sathriyan-is-a-realistic-gangster-movie-director-sr-prabhakaran.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200323122421/https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/kollywood/040217/sathriyan-is-a-realistic-gangster-movie-director-sr-prabhakaran.html |archive-date=23 March 2020 |access-date=23 March 2020 |website=Deccan Chronicle}}</ref>
* [[Kavin (actor)|Kavin]] as Dr. Chandran
* [[Aishwarya Dutta]] as Dr. Chandran's love interest (girlfriend)
* [[Rio Raj]] as Guna's friend
* [[Sharath Lohitashwa]] as Samuthiram, Niranjana's father
* [[Aadukalam Naren]] as Vijayan
* [[Poster Nandakumar]] as Minister
* [[Aruldoss]] as Shankar
* R. K. Vijay Murugan as Ravi
* [[Tara (Kannada actress)|Tara]] as Niranjana's mother
* [[Soundararaja]] as Niranjan
* [[Nitish Veera]] as Vetri
* [[Yogi Babu]] as Samudhram's nephew
* [[Florent Pereira]] as Police Commissioner
* Veluthu Kattu Kathir as Kani
* Sundari Divya as Kavi
* Vishnu Priya as Niranjana's friend
* [[Supergood Subramani]] as Manikandan
{{colend}}

==Production==

Sathya Jyothi Films signed on director [[S. R. Prabhakaran]] to direct a film for their production house during the middle of 2015, with [[Vikram Prabhu]] joining the team in September 2015 to portray the leading role.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Saravanan |first=T. |date=7 August 2015 |title=Playing on home ground |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/director-srprabhakaran-on-his-choice-of-stories/article7512326.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200323122420/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/director-srprabhakaran-on-his-choice-of-stories/article7512326.ece |archive-date=23 March 2020 |access-date=23 March 2020 |work=The Hindu |via=www.thehindu.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=22 September 2015 |title=Dhanush - Prabhu Solomon's film is 60% complete |url=http://behindwoods.com/tamil-movies-cinema-news-15/dhanush-prabhu-solomons-film-is-60-complete.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304062423/http://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movies-cinema-news-15/dhanush-prabhu-solomons-film-is-60-complete.html |archive-date=4 March 2016 |access-date=26 June 2016}}</ref> The film, featuring music by [[Yuvan Shankar Raja]] and cinematography by [[Sivakumar Vijayan]], was initially set to be launched in early December 2015, but the [[2015 South Indian floods]] meant that the event was delayed by a month.<ref>{{Cite web |date=4 November 2015 |title=Vikram Prabhu - SR Prabhakaran project to start from 7th December |url=http://behindwoods.com/tamil-movies-cinema-news-15/vikram-prabhu-sr-prabhakaran-project-to-start-from-7th-december.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160325184836/http://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movies-cinema-news-15/vikram-prabhu-sr-prabhakaran-project-to-start-from-7th-december.html |archive-date=25 March 2016 |access-date=26 June 2016}}</ref> In December 2015, [[Manjima Mohan]] was signed on to portray the leading role before the release of her first Tamil venture, the [[Gautham Vasudev Menon|GVM]]-directional ''[[Achcham Yenbadhu Madamaiyada]]'' (2016), opposite [[Silambarasan]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=16 January 2017 |title=Manjima Mohan cast opposite Vikram Prabhu |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/Manjima-Mohan-cast-opposite-Vikram-Prabhu/articleshow/50167381.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200221031748/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/Manjima-Mohan-cast-opposite-Vikram-Prabhu/articleshow/50167381.cms |archive-date=21 February 2020 |access-date=23 March 2020 |work=The Times of India}}</ref>

The film's title of ''Mudi Sooda Mannan'' was announced in June 2016, before the title was changed to ''Sathriyan''.<ref>{{Cite web |date=7 June 2016 |title=Vikram Prabhu- Manjima Mohan new movie title is here - Tamil News |url=https://www.indiaglitz.com/hot-actress-manjima-mohan-aishwarya-dutta-with-vikram-prabhu-in-mudi-sooda-mannan-tamil-news-160490.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200323122421/https://www.indiaglitz.com/hot-actress-manjima-mohan-aishwarya-dutta-with-vikram-prabhu-in-mudi-sooda-mannan-tamil-news-160490.html |archive-date=23 March 2020 |access-date=23 March 2020 |website=IndiaGlitz.com}}</ref>

==Soundtrack==
{{Infobox album
| name = Sathriyan (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack)
| type = Soundtrack
| artist = [[Yuvan Shankar Raja]]
| cover =
| alt =
| released = 30 January 2017
| recorded =
| venue = [[Chennai]]
| studio = [[U1 Records]]
| genre = [[Film soundtrack|Feature film soundtrack]]
| length = 12:49
| language = [[Tamil language|Tamil]]
| label = [[U1 Records]]
| producer = [[Yuvan Shankar Raja]]
| prev_title = [[Taramani (film)|Taramani]]
| prev_year = 2016
| next_title = [[Kadamban]]
| next_year = 2017
}}

The soundtrack was composed by [[Yuvan Shankar Raja]], and the audio was released on 30 January 2017. ''Behindwoods'' stated, "A short album that has the stamp of Yuvan Shankar Raja! Very specific and to the point composing by YSR for Sathriyan".<ref>{{Cite web |date=31 January 2017 |title=Sathriyan (aka) Mudisooda Mannan songs review |url=http://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movies/sathriyan/sathriyan-songs-review.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170413234700/http://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movies/sathriyan/sathriyan-songs-review.html |archive-date=13 April 2017 |access-date=24 April 2017}}</ref> the songs "Paarai Mele" and "Sathriyan In Action (Theme)" were well received.

{{track listing
| headline = Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| total_length = 12:49
| title1 = Sooda Oru Sooriyan
| lyrics1 = [[Vivek (lyricist)|Vivek]]
| extra1 = [[Deepak]]
| length1 = 3:36
| title2 = Paarai Mele
| lyrics2 = [[Snehan]]
| extra2 = [[Yuvan Shankar Raja]]
| length2 = 3:36
| title3 = Maina Rendu
| lyrics3 = [[Vairamuthu]]
| extra3 = [[Vijay Yesudas]]
| length3 = 3:40
| title4 = Sathriyan In Action (Theme)
| lyrics4 =
| extra4 =
| length4 = 1:57
}}

==Reception==
Baradwaj Rangan of Film Companion wrote "The biggest problem is the running time, over two-and-a-half hours"<ref>{{Cite web |date=10 June 2017 |title=Sathriyan Movie Review – Film Companion |url=https://www.filmcompanion.in/reviews/sathriyan-movie-review |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230128012512/https://www.filmcompanion.in/reviews/sathriyan-movie-review |archive-date=28 January 2023 |access-date=2 September 2023}}</ref>

== Home media ==
The satellite rights of the film were sold to [[Sun TV (India)|Sun TV]] And Sun NXT.{{Citation needed|date=March 2022}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|id=6735094}}

{{S. R. Prabhakaran}}
{{Sathya Jyothi Films}}

[[Category:2017 films]]
[[Category:Indian action drama films]]
[[Category:2017 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:2017 Indian films]]
[[Category:Films shot in Tiruchirappalli]]
[[Category:Films set in Tiruchirappalli]]
[[Category:Indian gangster films]]
[[Category:Films scored by Yuvan Shankar Raja]]
[[Category:2017 action drama films]]
[[Category:Films directed by S. R. Prabhakaran]]
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]

Arunjit Borah

2026-03-20T23:19:55Z

WernerStoate3: created the stub more to come.

{{AI-generated|date=December 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2026}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2026}}
'''Arunjit Borah''' is an Indian filmmaker known for his work in Assamese and Hindi cinema. He is recognised for directing films such as ''Goodbye Guruji'', ''Taxii'', ''Letters from Deuta'', ''Midnight Song'', ''Zibah'' and ''Mini''.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-02-05 |title=Mini: Arunjit Borah narrates unheard stories of Assam tea tribes |url=https://www.indiatodayne.in/entertainment/story/mini-arunjit-borah-narrates-unheard-stories-of-assam-tea-tribes-507814-2023-02-05 |access-date=2025-11-28 |website=India Today NE |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Gani |first=Abdul |date=2023-02-08 |title=Arunjit's 'Mini' portraits sordid saga of tea workers in Assam |url=https://assamtribune.com/assam/arunjits-mini-portraits-sordid-saga-of-tea-workers-in-assam-1461536 |access-date=2025-11-28 |website=assamtribune.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=NewsDesk |first=T. N. M. |date=2021-01-26 |title=Arunjit Borah's 'Midnight Song' all set to hit theatres |url=https://thenewsmill.com/2021/01/arunjit-borahs-midnight-song-to-hit-theatres/,%20https://thenewsmill.com/2021/01/arunjit-borahs-midnight-song-to-hit-theatres/ |access-date=2025-11-28 |website=thenewsmill.com |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Trailer of Assamese film Mini gives a peak into some unheard stories of tea plantation workers|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/trailer-of-assamese-film-mini-gives-a-peak-into-some-unheard-stories-of-tea-plantation-workers/articleshow/97601162.cms|work=The Times of India|date=2023-02-04|access-date=2025-11-28|issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

== Early life and education ==
Borah was born and raised in [[Dibrugarh]], Assam, India. He completed his schooling in Dibrugarh before pursuing an Executive MBA from Vinayak Mission University. After a stint in the corporate sector, he shifted his focus to filmmaking.<ref>{{Cite web|title=US-based Stage 32 ropes in Assam filmmaker as brand ambassador|url=https://thenewsmill.com/2021/02/us-based-stage-32-ropes-in-assam-filmmaker/,%20https://thenewsmill.com/2021/02/us-based-stage-32-ropes-in-assam-filmmaker/|website=thenewsmill.com|date=2021-02-23|access-date=2025-11-28|language=en-US|first=T. N. M.|last=NewsDesk}}</ref>

== Career ==
Borah began his film career as a first assistant director in the Hindi feature film ''Project Marathwada''. He later gained critical attention for his short film ''Taxii'', which was screened at several film festivals in India and abroad. The soundtrack for the film featured a collaboration with Los Angeles-based composer Brandi Thomas.<ref>{{Cite web |last=NewsDesk |first=T. N. M. |date=2018-10-06 |title=Opera meets Oinitom in Arunjit Borah's directorial debut Midnight Song |url=https://thenewsmill.com/2018/10/opera-meets-oinitom-in-arunjit-borahs-directorial-debut-midnight-song/,%20https://thenewsmill.com/2018/10/opera-meets-oinitom-in-arunjit-borahs-directorial-debut-midnight-song/ |access-date=2025-11-28 |website=thenewsmill.com |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Short film Taxii release tomorrow|url=https://assamtribune.com/short-film-taxii-release-tomorrow|website=assamtribune.com|date=2010-09-15|access-date=2025-11-28|language=en|first=Staff|last=Reporter}}</ref>

Following ''Taxii'', Borah directed his second short film ''Letters from Deuta''. His work also includes the [[Jammu]] Tourism television commercial ''Discover Jammu'', showcasing the region's tourism potential.

In 2021, he released ''Midnight Song'', his first Assamese-language feature film. Borah later directed the Hindi short film ''Zibah'', centred on the subject of female genital mutilation. The film was screened at international festivals and received multiple awards.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Digital Desk |first=Northeast Live |date=2023-04-17 |title=Assam director Arunjit Borah's short film 'Zibah' selected for Indian Film Festival of Melbourne |url=https://northeastlivetv.com/topnews/assam-director-arunjit-borahs-short-film-zibah-selected-for-indian-film-festival-of-melbourne/ |access-date=2025-11-28 |website=Northeast Live |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Ramachandran |first=Naman |date=2022-04-07 |title=Helly Shah, Indian TV Star, Sets Film Debut With 'Kaya Palat' |url=https://variety.com/2022/film/news/helly-shah-film-debut-kaya-palat-1235222657/ |access-date=2025-11-28 |website=Variety |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Assamese films to look out for in 2019|url=https://thenewsmill.com/2019/01/assamese-films-to-look-out-for-in-2019/,%20https://thenewsmill.com/2019/01/assamese-films-to-look-out-for-in-2019/|website=thenewsmill.com|date=2019-01-26|access-date=2025-11-28|language=en-US|first=Kalpa Jyoti|last=Bhuyan}}</ref>

In 2025, Borah's film ''Goodbye Guruji'' was selected for Festival Gange Sur Seine in [[Paris]], France, where it had its global premiere in October. Borah is credited as both writer and director of the film. The cast includes Partha Pratim Hazarika and Aimee Barua in lead roles. The story follows Prayash Saikia, nicknamed Guruji, a young teacher who introduces creative and unconventional learning methods to revive student engagement at Kinkinia Primary School.<ref>{{Cite news | date=2025-09-05 |title=Assamese film Goodbye Guruji selected for Paris festival |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/assam/assamese-film-goodbye-guruji-selected-for-paris-festival/article70015968.ece |access-date=2025-11-28 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

== Filmography (selected) ==

* ''Taxii'' – short film
* ''Letters from Deuta'' – short film
* ''Discover Jammu'' – television commercial
* ''Midnight Song'' – feature film <ref>{{Cite AV media|title=Midnight Song Movie: Showtimes, Review, Songs, Trailer, Posters, News & Videos {{!}} eTimes|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/assamese/movie-details/midnight-song/movieshow/80424165.cms|access-date=2025-11-28|via=timesofindia.indiatimes.com}}</ref>
* ''Zibah'' – short film
* ''Mini'' – feature film <ref>{{Cite AV media|title=Mini Movie: Showtimes, Review, Songs, Trailer, Posters, News & Videos {{!}} eTimes|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/regional/movie-details/mini/movieshow/107915607.cms|access-date=2025-11-28|via=timesofindia.indiatimes.com}}</ref>
* ''Goodbye Guruji'' – feature film

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Borah, Arunjit}}
[[Category:Indian filmmakers]]
[[Category:Film directors from Assam]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

Hanuman Vyayam Prasarak Mandal

2026-03-20T11:48:41Z

WernerStoate3:

{{more citations needed|date=March 2016}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2018}}
{{Infobox school
| name = Hanuman Vyam Prasarak Mandal
| native_name =
| latin_name = {{Location map | Maharashtra
| alt = HVPM is adjacent to Ekvira Devi Temple.
| position = right
| mark = Green pog.svg 
| label = HVPM
| lat_deg = 20.9266935
| lon_deg = 77.740833
}}
| image =
| image_size =
| caption =
| location = Amravati
| address = H.V.P. Mandal
| region = [[Vidharbha]]
| city = Amravati
| state = Maharashtra
| province =
| county = India
| postal_code = 444 605
| country = India
| coordinates = {{coord|20|55|36.0966|N|77|44|26.9988|E|type:edu_region:IN|display=inline,title}}
| school_number =
| school_board =
| district = Amravati
| authority =
| religious_affiliation = Hindu
| denomination =
| oversight =
| affiliation = [[Sant Gadge Baba Amravati University]]
| superintendent =
| trustee = Dr. S.H. Deshpande
| founder = Anant Krishnarao Vaidya Ambadaspant Vaidya
| specialist = Degree College in Physical Education
| president = Adv. K. H. Deshpande <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hvpm.org/|title=Home Page - H.V.P.Mandal|website=www.hvpm.org}}</ref>
| head_of_school = Commandant
| head_teacher =
| head_label =
| head =
| chairperson =
| principal =
| viceprincipal =
| dean =
| administrator =
| rector =
| chaplain =
| director =
| custodian =
| staff =
| USNWR_ranking =
| faculty =
| type =
| system =
| fees =
| tuition =
| revenue =
| endowment =
| classrooms =
| campus =
| campus_size = {{convert|12|acre|km2}}
| campus_type = Residential
| athletics =
| athletic_conference =
| slogan = आगे बढ़ो सबसे आगे बढ़ो !
| song = NATIONAL ANTHEM OF INDIA
| fight_song =
| motto =
| accreditation = [[Sant Gadge Baba Amravati University]]
| rival =
| mascot =
| mascot image =
| sports = Hockey, shooting, boxing, Football, Basketball, Volleyball, Horse Riding, Swimming, Handball etc.
| patron =
| team_name =
| nickname =
| colours =
| yearbook =
| publication = Jotirmay (Annual magazine) Jyot (Weekly news paper) Sanstha Samachar (Annual report) <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hvpm.org/About/Publication.htm|title=Publications - H.V.P.Mandal|website=www.hvpm.org}}</ref>
| newspaper =
| opened =
| established = 1914
| founded =
| status = Registered under Bombay Public Trust Act 1950 and Societies Registration Act 1860
| closed =
| enrollment =
| footnotes =
| picture =
| website = http://www.hvpm.org/
}}

Popularly known as '''HVPM''', this is a premier institute in [[India]] for physical training. It was set up by Mr Anant Vaidya and Mr Ambadas Vaidya around 1914. Earlier it was referred as Hanuman Akhada. Many political leaders and freedom fighters have visited HVPM. It is said that [[Shivaram Rajguru]] studied at HVPM.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://subscribe.manoramaonline.com/cgi-bin/MMOnline.dll/portal/ep/home.dothisPage=%2Fep%2Ftheweek%2Fcontent%2FprintArticle.jsp%3FBV_ID%3D%2540%2540%2540%26com.broadvision.session.new%3DYes%26articleTitle%3DTHE%2BMEMORY%2BPROJECT%26language%3Denglish%26contentOID%3D17354215 | title= THE MEMORY PROJECT - By Rekha Dixit}}</ref> During his hideout [[Chandrashekhar Azad]] also stayed here for few days. The HVPM [[Indian sports at the 1936 Summer Olympics|demonstrated]] traditional Indian sports at the [[1936 Olympics]].<ref name="Nag 2021">{{cite web |last=Nag |first=Utathya |date=2021-04-21 |title=Was kabaddi in Olympics? Here's the truth |url=https://olympics.com/en/news/kabaddi-in-olympics-berlin-1936-exhibition-sport |access-date=2024-01-28 |website=Olympics.com}}</ref><ref name="Standard 2018">{{cite web |date=2018-12-02 |title=When a kabaddi team from India left Hitler, Mahatma in awe at 1936 Olympics |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/beyond-business/when-a-kabaddi-team-from-india-left-hitler-mahatma-in-awe-at-1936-olympics-118120200233_1.html |access-date=2024-01-28 |website=Business Standard}}</ref> The institution also has an engineering college in its campus run under the same management committee.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Physical education in India]]
[[Category:Universities and colleges in Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Education in Amravati]]

Faisal Rahman

2026-03-16T17:08:24Z

WernerStoate3: fix references per sources

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{distinguish|Faisal Rehman}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2025}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Faisal Rahman
| image = Faisal Rahman.jpg
| caption =
| birth_place = Sapahi, Dhaka subdivision, East Champaran, Bihar, India
| office1 = Member of the [[Bihar Legislative Assembly]]
| term_start1 = 14 Nov 2025
| term_end1 =
| predecessor1 = [[Pawan Jaiswal|Pawan Kumar Jaiswal]]
| party = [[Rashtriya Janata Dal]]
| term_start2 = 2015
| term_end2 = 2020
| predecessor2 = Pawan Kumar Jaiswal
| successor2 = Pawan Kumar Jaiswal
| constituency2 = [[Dhaka (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Dhaka]]
| occupation = Agriculturist, social worker
| alma_mater = Schooling up to 10th grade<ref name="myneta2015">{{Cite web|title=Faisal Rahman – RJD Candidate Affidavit, Bihar 2015|url=https://myneta.info/bihar2015/candidate.php?candidate_id=2677|website=MyNeta.info|access-date=24 May 2025}}</ref>
| children = 3
| footnotes = <ref name="ECI2025">{{Cite web|title=General Election to Assembly Constituencies: Trends & Results November-2025 - ECI Result|url=https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenNov2025/candidateswise-S0421.htm|website=Election Commission of India|access-date=18 November 2025}}</ref>
}}

'''Faisal Rahman''' is an Indian politician from the [[Rashtriya Janata Dal]] (RJD). He served as a Member of the [[Bihar Legislative Assembly]] representing the [[Dhaka (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Dhaka]] constituency in [[East Champaran district]] from 2015 to 2020.

==Early life and education==
Faisal Rahman was born in Sapahi town of the Dhaka subdivision, East Champaran district, Bihar. According to his 2015 election affidavit, he completed schooling up to the 10th grade and lists his profession as agriculture and social service.<ref name="myneta2015" />

==Political career==
===2010 election===
Rahman made his first electoral bid in the 2010 Bihar Legislative Assembly election from Dhaka on a Janata Dal (United) ticket but was defeated by independent candidate Pawan Kumar Jaiswal.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Faisal Rahman – JD(U) Candidate Affidavit, Bihar 2010|url=https://myneta.info/bih2010/candidate.php?candidate_id=706|website=MyNeta.info|access-date=24 May 2025}}</ref>

===2015 election and tenure===
In the 2015 election, standing for RJD, he defeated BJP’s Pawan Kumar Jaiswal by a margin of 19,197 votes, securing 47.07% of the vote to Jaiswal’s 37.48%.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Bihar Assembly Election Results 2015: Dhaka|url=https://www.elections.in/bihar/assembly-constituencies/2015-election-results.html|website=Elections.in|access-date=24 May 2025}}</ref> He served in the Sixteenth Legislative Assembly from November 2015 to August 2020.

During his tenure, Rahman was involved in various initiatives aimed at rural development and agricultural welfare in his constituency.

===2020 election===
Rahman sought re-election in 2020 but lost to Pawan Kumar Jaiswal (BJP) by a margin of 10,114 votes, polling 43.15% to Jaiswal’s 48.01%.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Dhaka Assembly Election Results 2020|url=https://www.oneindia.com/dhaka-assembly-elections-br-21/|website=OneIndia|access-date=24 May 2025}}</ref>

==Personal life==
He is married and has three children. As per his 2020 election affidavit, his declared assets were ₹1.68 crore, with no criminal cases pending.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Faisal Rahman (RJD) – Dhaka (East Champaran), 2020 affidavit|url=https://myneta.info/Bihar2020/candidate.php?candidate_id=13409|website=MyNeta.info|access-date=24 May 2025}}</ref>

==Constituency context==
The Dhaka Assembly constituency (No. 21) covers Dhaka and Ghorasahan blocks in East Champaran district and is part of the Sheohar Lok Sabha seat. It is notable as the site of Gandhi’s 1917 [[Champaran Satyagraha]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Dhaka Assembly constituency profile|url=https://electionpandit.com/state/bihar/ac/21/dhaka|website=ElectionPandit|access-date=24 May 2025}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Rahman, Faisal}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Rashtriya Janata Dal politicians]]
[[Category:Bihar MLAs 2015–2020]]
[[Category:Janata Dal (United) politicians]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Bihar MLAs 2025–2030]]
[[Category:People from East Champaran district]]

Tamil Nadu State Transport Corporation

2026-03-13T15:29:08Z

WernerStoate3:

{{Short description|Public bus operator}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2016}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2016}}
{{Infobox company
| name = Tamil Nadu State Transport Corporation Ltd.
| native_name = தமிழ்நாடு அரசுப் போக்குவரத்துக் கழகம் (த.அ.போ.க)
| native_name_lang = ta
| romanized_name = Tamiḻnādu Arasu Pōkkuvarattuk Kazhakam
| type = State-owned enterprise
| foundation = {{Start date and age|1972}}
| industry = Public Transport
| location_city = [[Chennai]], [[Tamil Nadu]]
| location_country = India
| area_served = *[[Tamil Nadu]]
*[[Karnataka]]
*[[Kerala]]
*[[Andhra Pradesh]]
*[[Puducherry (union territory)|Puducherry]]
| revenue = {{increase}} {{INRConvert|288800000|}} per day
| num_employees = 1,23,317<ref>https://www.tnstc.in/innerHtmls/pdf/Tamil%20Nadu%20STUs-pages.pdf page 8</ref>
| owner = [[Government of Tamil Nadu]]
| parent = [[Department of Transport (Tamil Nadu)]]
| subsid = <div>
*[[Metropolitan Transport Corporation (Chennai) Ltd.]]
*[[State Express Transport Corporation (Tamil Nadu) Ltd.]]

</div>
| products = [[Bus transport]] and cargo transport services
| homepage = [http://www.tnstc.in TNSTC]
| footnotes =
}}
'''Tamil Nadu State Transport Corporation Ltd. - (TNSTC)''' is a government owned [[public transport]] bus operator in [[Tamil Nadu]], India.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tn.gov.in/transport/cbedivone.htm|title=About TNSTC|access-date=20 December 2015}}</ref> It operates [[Intercity bus service]]s to cities within Tamil Nadu, and from Tamil Nadu to its neighbouring states. It also operates town busses from major cities and towns of Tamil Nadu to its neighbourhoods, with the exception of [[Chennai]], where the public bus service is operated by [[Metropolitan Transport Corporation (Chennai)|MTC]], a subsidiary of TNSTC. It is a bus operator with over 20258 buses and 17 million daily ridership.

==Services==
Cd by the [[Government of Tamil Nadu]]. TNSTC has started online booking facilities to book bus tickets between major cities served by TNSTC.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Our Services {{!}} Arasu Bus |url=https://www.arasubus.tn.gov.in/services.php |access-date=2023-08-26 |website=www.arasubus.tn.gov.in}}</ref> It caters to all the districts within Tamil Nadu and also operates services to neighbouring states of [[Andhra Pradesh]], [[Karnataka]], [[Kerala]] and union territory of [[Puducherry (union territory)|Puducherry]]. Until 1997, the transport corporation was divided into 21 divisions which were later merged to form 8 divisions. TNSTC along with its subsidiaries, owns 321 depots and five workshops with a combined fleet strength of 21,678 buses. TNSTC also offers contract and tourist services. Every bus owned by the corporation displays a portrait of Tamil poet [[Thiruvalluvar]] along with a two-line verse from [[Thirukkural]] inside the bus.

==History==

The [[Planning Commission (India)|planning commission]], in consultation with this ministry, has advised the state government to set up a road transport corporation under the Transport Corporations Act and the matter is under the consideration of the state government. Operation of nationalized transport services through a corporation is favoured so as to achieve railroad coordination, and to ensure operation on business lines. The general policy of the government is to establish corporations and the planning commission have advised that if the state governments want to nationalise the road services, they should form corporations and they should not be run as far as possible through government departments. It has also been suggested by the planning commission that the railways should participate or contribute to the state governments for running all the nationalised road services only when they decide to set up a corporation.<ref>https://eparlib.nic.in/bitstream/123456789/56057/1/lsd_01_14_23-11-1956.pdf page 9</ref>

{| class="sortable wikitable"
!Current names
!Former names (till 1996)
!Former names named after
|-
! rowspan="3" |Tamil Nadu State Transport Corporation - [[Coimbatore|Kovai]] தமிழ்நாடு அரசு போக்குவரத்து கழகம் - கோவை Tamiḻnāṭu Aracu Pōkkuvarattu Kaḻakam - Kōvai
|Cheran Transport Corporation (CTC) - [[Coimbatore|Kovai]] சேரன் போக்குவரத்து கழகம் - கோவை Cēraṉ Pōkkuvarattu Kaḻakam - Kōvai
|[[Chera dynasty|Chera Dynasty]] சேர வம்சம் Cēra Vamcam
|-
|Jeeva Transport Corporation (JTC) - [[Erode]] ஜீவா போக்குவரத்து கழகம் - ஈரோடு Jīvā Pōkkuvarattu Kaḻakam - Īrōṭu
|[[P. Jeevanandham]] பி. ஜீவானந்தம் Pi.Jīvāṉantam
|-
|Mahakavi Bharathiyar Transport Corporation (MBTC) - [[Ooty|Udagai]] மகாகவி பாரதியார் போக்குவரத்து கழகம் - உதகை Makākavi Pāratiyār Pōkkuvarattu Kaḻakam - Utakai
|[[Subramania Bharati|Mahakavi C. Subramania Bharati]] மகாகவி சி.சுப்பிரமணிய பாரதி Makākavi Ci.Cuppiramaṇiya Pārati
|-
! rowspan="4" |Tamil Nadu State Transport Corporation - [[Kumbakonam]] தமிழ்நாடு அரசு போக்குவரத்து கழகம் - கும்பகோணம் Tamiḻnāṭu Aracu Pōkkuvarattu Kaḻakam - Kumpakōṇam
|Cholan Roadways Corporation (CRC) - [[Kumbakonam]] சோழன் போக்குவரத்து கழகம் - கும்பகோணம் Cōḻaṉ Pōkkuvarattu Kaḻakam - Kumpakōṇam
|[[Chola dynasty|Chola Dynasty]] சோழ வம்சம் Cōḻa Vamcam
|-
|Dheeran Chinnamalai Transport Corporation (DCTC) - [[Tiruchirappalli|Trichy]] தீரன் சின்னமலை போக்குவரத்து கழகம் - திருச்சி Tīraṉ Ciṉṉamalai Pōkkuvarattu Kaḻakam - Tirucci
|[[Dheeran Chinnamalai]] தீரன் சின்னமலை Tīraṉ Ciṉṉamalai
|-
|Veeran Azhagumuthukon Transport Corporation (VATC) - [[Pudukkottai]] வீரன் அழகுமுத்துக்கோன் போக்குவரத்து கழகம் - புதுக்கோட்டை Vīraṉ Aḻakumuttukkōṉ Pōkkuvarattu Kaḻakam - Putukkōṭṭai
|[[Maveeran Alagumuthu Kone]] மாவீரன் அழகுமுத்து கோன் Māvīraṉ Aḻakumuttu Kōṉ
|-
|Maruthu Pandiyar Transport Corporation (MPTC) - [[Karaikudi|Karaikkudi]] மருது பாண்டியர் போக்குவரத்து கழகம் - காரைக்குடி Marutu Pāṇṭiyar Pōkkuvarattu Kaḻakam - Kāraikkuṭi
|[[Maruthu Pandiyar]] மருது பாண்டியர் Marutu Pāṇṭiyar
|-
! rowspan="3" |Tamil Nadu State Transport Corporation - [[Madurai]] தமிழ்நாடு அரசு போக்குவரத்து கழகம் - மதுரை Tamiḻnāṭu Aracu Pōkkuvarattu Kaḻakam - Maturai
|Pandiyan Roadways Corporation (PRC) - [[Madurai]] பாண்டியன் போக்குவரத்து கழகம் - மதுரை Pāṇṭiyaṉ Pōkkuvarattu Kaḻakam - Maturai
|[[Pandya dynasty|Pandiya Dynasty]] பாண்டிய வம்சம் Pāṇṭiya Vamcam
|-
|Rani Mangammal Transport Corporation (RMTC) - [[Dindigul]] ராணி மங்கம்மாள் போக்குவரத்து கழகம் - திண்டுக்கல் Rāṇi Maṅkam'māḷ Pōkkuvarattu Kaḻakam - Tiṇṭukkal
|[[Mangammal|Rani Mangammal]] ராணி மங்கம்மாள் Rāṇi Maṅkam'māḷ
|-
|Veeran Sundaralingam Transport Corporation (VSTC) - [[Virudhunagar]] வீரன் சுந்தரலிங்கம் போக்குவரத்து கழகம் - விருதுநகர் Vīraṉ Cuntaraliṅkam Pōkkuvarattu Kaḻakam - Virutunakar
|[[Veeran Sundaralingam|Veeran Sundaralingam Kudumbanar]] வீரன் சுந்தரலிங்கம் குடும்பனார் Vīraṉ Cuntaraliṅkam Kuṭumpaṉār
|-
! rowspan="2" |Tamil Nadu State Transport Corporation - [[Salem, Tamil Nadu|Salem]] தமிழ்நாடு அரசு போக்குவரத்து கழகம் - சேலம் Tamiḻnāṭu Aracu Pōkkuvarattu Kaḻakam - Cēlam
|Anna Transport Corporation (ATC) - [[Salem, Tamil Nadu|Salem]] அண்ணா போக்குவரத்து கழகம் - சேலம் Aṇṇā Pōkkuvarattu Kaḻakam - Cēlam
|[[C. N. Annadurai|Perarignar Conjeevaram Natarajan Annadurai]] பேரறிஞர் காஞ்சீவரம் நடராஜன் அண்ணாதுரை Pēraṟiñar Kāñcīvaram Naṭarājaṉ Aṇṇāturai
|-
|Annai Sathya Transport Corporation (ASTC) - [[Dharmapuri]] அன்னை சத்யா போக்குவரத்து கழகம் - தர்மபுரி Aṉṉai Catyā Pōkkuvarattu Kaḻakam - Tarmapuri
|Annai Dr Sathyavani Muthu அன்னை டாக்டர் சத்தியவாணி முத்து Aṉṉai Tākṭar Cattiyavāṇi Muttu
|-
! rowspan="2" |Tamil Nadu State Transport Corporation - [[Tirunelveli]] தமிழ்நாடு அரசு போக்குவரத்து கழகம் - திருநெல்வேலி Tamiḻnāṭu Aracu Pōkkuvarattu Kaḻakam - Tirunelvēli
|Kattabomman Transport Corporation (KTC) - [[Tirunelveli]] கட்டபொம்மன் போக்குவரத்து கழகம் - திருநெல்வேலி Kaṭṭapom'maṉ Pōkkuvarattu Kaḻakam - Tirunelvēli
|[[Veerapandiya Kattabomman]] வீரபாண்டிய கட்டபொம்மன் Vīrapāṇṭiya Kaṭṭapom'maṉ
|-
|Nesamony Transport Corporation (NTC) - [[Nagercoil]] நேசமணி போக்குவரத்து கழகம் - நாகர்கோவில் Nēcamaṇi Pōkkuvarattu Kaḻakam - Nākarkōvil
|[[A. Nesamony|Marshal A. Nesamony]] மார்ஷல் ஏ. நேசமோனி Mārṣal Ē. Nēcamōṉi
|-
! rowspan="3" |Tamil Nadu State Transport Corporation - [[Viluppuram|Villupuram]] தமிழ்நாடு அரசு போக்குவரத்து கழகம் - விழுப்புரம் Tamiḻnāṭu Aracu Pōkkuvarattu Kaḻakam - Viḻuppuram
|Thanthai Periyar Transport Corporation (TPTC) - [[Viluppuram|Villupuram]] தந்தை பெரியார் போக்குவரத்து கழகம் - விழுப்புரம் Tantai Periyār Pōkkuvarattu Kaḻakam - Viḻuppuram
|[[Periyar|Thanthai Periyar Erode Venkatappa Ramasamy Naicker]] தந்தை பெரியார் ஈரோடு வெங்கடப்ப ராமசாமி நாயக்கர் Tantai Periyār Īrōṭu Veṅkaṭappa Rāmacāmi Nāyakkar
|-
|Pattukottai Alagiri Transport Corporation (PATC) - [[Vellore]] பட்டுக்கோட்டை அழகிரி போக்குவரத்து கழகம் - வேலூர் Paṭṭukkōṭṭai Aḻakiri Pōkkuvarattu Kaḻakam - Vēlūr
|[[Pattukkottai Alagiri|Pattukottai Alagiriswamy]] பட்டுக்கோட்டை அழகிரிசுவாமி Paṭṭukkōṭṭai Aḻakiricuvāmi
|-
|Puratchi Thalaivar MGR Transport Corporation (MGRTC) - [[Kanchipuram]] புரட்சி தலைவர் எம்ஜிஆர் போக்குவரத்து கழகம் - காஞ்சிபுரம் Puraṭci Talaivar Emji'ār Pōkkuvarattu Kaḻakam - Kāñcipuram
|[[M. G. Ramachandran|Bharat Ratna Puratchi Thalaivar Dr Maruthur Gopalan Menon Ramachandran]] பாரத ரத்னா புரட்சி தலைவர் டாக்டர் மருதூர் கோபாலன் மேனன் ராமச்சந்திரன் Pārata Ratṉā Puraṭci Talaivar Ṭākṭar Marutūr Kōpālaṉ Mēṉaṉ Rāmaccantiraṉ
|-
! rowspan="2" |[[State Express Transport Corporation|State Express Transport Corporation - Tamil Nadu]] அரசு விரைவு போக்குவரத்து கழகம் - தமிழ்நாடு Aracu Viraivu Pōkkuvarattu Kaḻakam - Tamiḻnāṭu
|Thiruvalluvar Transport Corporation (TTC) - [[Intrastate Express Service]] திருவள்ளுவர் போக்குவரத்து கழகம் (TTC) - மாநிலத்திற்குள்ளான விரைவு சேவை Tiruvaḷḷuvar Pōkkuvarattu Kaḻakam - Mānilattiṟkuḷḷāṉa Viraivu Cēvai
|[[Thiruvalluvar]] திருவள்ளுவர் Tiruvaḷḷuvar
|-
|Rajiv Gandhi Transport Corporation (RGTC) (1996) - [[Interstate (disambiguation)|Interstate Express Service]] ராஜீவ் காந்தி போக்குவரத்து கழகம் (1996) - மாநிலங்களுக்கு இடையேயான விரைவு சேவை Rājīv Kānti Pōkkuvarattu Kaḻakam (1996) - Kānilaṅkaḷukku Iṭaiyēyāṉa Viraivu Cēvai
* ''Puratchi Thalaivi Dr J. Jayalalithaa Transport Corporation (JJTC) (1994-1996)'' ''புரட்சி தலைவி டாக்டர் ஜெ. ஜெயலலிதா போக்குவரத்து கழகம்'' ''Puraṭci Talaivi Ṭākṭar Je. Jeyalalitā Pōkkuvarattu Kaḻakam''
|[[Rajiv Gandhi|Rajivaratna Gandhi]] ராஜீவரத்ன காந்தி Rājīvaratṉa Kānti
* [[J. Jayalalithaa|''Puratchi Thalaivi Dr Jayaram Jayalalithaa'']] ''புரட்சி தலைவி டாக்டர் ஜெயராம் ஜெயலலிதா'' ''Puraṭci Talaivi Ṭākṭar Jeyarām Jeyalalitā''
|-
! rowspan="2" |[[Metropolitan Transport Corporation (Chennai)|Metropolitan Transport Corporation - Chennai]] மகாநகர போக்குவரத்து கழகம் - சென்னை Makānakara Pōkkuvarattu Kaḻakam - Ceṉṉai
|Pallavan Transport Corporation (PTC) - [[South Chennai]] பல்லவன் போக்குவரத்து கழகம் - தென் சென்னை Pallavaṉ Pōkkuvarattu Kaḻakam - Teṉ Ceṉṉai
|[[Pallava dynasty|Pallava Dynasty]] பல்லவ வம்சம் Pallava Vamcam
|-
|Dr Ambedkar Transport Corporation (DATC) - [[North Chennai]] டாக்டர் அம்பேத்கர் போக்குவரத்து கழகம் - வட சென்னை Ṭākṭar Ampētkar Pōkkuvarattu Kaḻakam - Vaṭa Ceṉṉai
|[[B. R. Ambedkar|Babasaheb Dr Bhimrao Ramji Ambedkar]] பாபாசாகேப் டாக்டர் பீம்ராவ் ராம்ஜி அம்பேத்கர் Pāpācākēp Ṭākṭar Pīmrāv Rāmji Ampētkar
|}
All the road transport corporations named after a popular or historical figure were changed to the current names after caste violence erupted between the caste groups of [[Devendrakula Velalar|Devendrakula Velalars]] and [[Maravars]] in [[Virudhunagar district|Virudhunagar district (then Kamarajar district)]], after the formation of Veeran Sundaralingam Transport Corporation (VSTC) by the bifurcation of Pandiyan Roadways Corporation (PRC). The Maravars opposed the naming of the new corporation on [[Veeran Sundaralingam]], who is supposedly believed from the [[Devendrakula Velalar]] community.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rediff On The NeT: Fear, hatred haunts violence-hit southern districts of TN |url=https://m.rediff.com/news/jun/30caste.htm |access-date=2023-07-12 |website=m.rediff.com}}</ref>

==Structure==
TNSTC is composed of eight state transport undertaking divisions across the state.<ref>https://www.tnstc.in/inner_pages_2024/pdf/Tamil%20Nadu%20STUs-pages.pdf<nowiki/>page12</ref>
{| class="sortable wikitable"
!Divisions
!Regions
!Regional Transport Office (RTO) Registration Number
!Regional Transport Office (RTO) Name
!Divisional Code
!Covering Districts and Locale
|-
! rowspan="4" |Tamil Nadu State Transport Corporation - [[Coimbatore]]
! rowspan="2" |[[Coimbatore]]
|TN 38
|Coimbatore North
| rowspan="4" |CBE
| rowspan="4" |
* [[Coimbatore district]]
* [[Nilgiris district]]
* [[Erode district]]
* [[Tiruppur district]]
|-
|TN 43
|Udagai
|-
![[Erode]]
|TN 33
|Erode East
|-
![[Tiruppur]]
|TN 39
|Tiruppur North
|-
! rowspan="7" |Tamil Nadu State Transport Corporation - [[Kumbakonam]]
! rowspan="2" |[[Kumbakonam]]
|TN 68
|Kumbakonam
| rowspan="7" |KUM
| rowspan="7" |
* [[Thanjavur district]]
* [[Nagapattinam district]]
* [[Mayiladuthurai district]]
* [[Thiruvarur District]]
* [[Tiruchirappalli district]]
* [[Perambalur district]]
* [[Ariyalur district]]
* [[Karur district]]
* [[Ramanathapuram district]]
* [[Sivaganga district]] ''(Some)''
* [[Pudukkottai district]]
* [[Karaikal district]] ''(Puducherry UT)''
|-
|TN 49
|Thanjavur
|-
![[Nagapattinam]]
|TN 51
|Nagapattinam
|-
![[Tiruchirappalli]]
|TN 45
|Trichy West
|-
![[Karur]]
|TN 45
|Trichy West
|-
![[Pudukkottai]]
|TN 55
|Pudukkottai
|-
![[Karaikudi|Karaikkudi]]
|TN 63
|Sivaganga
|-
! rowspan="4" |Tamil Nadu State Transport Corporation - [[Madurai]]
! rowspan="2" |[[Madurai]]
|TN 58
|Madurai South
| rowspan="4" |MDU
| rowspan="4" |
* [[Madurai district]]
* [[Dindigul district]]
* [[Theni district]]
* [[Virudhunagar district]]
* [[Sivaganga district]] ''(Some)''
|-
|TN 59
|Madurai North
|-
![[Dindigul]]
|TN 57
|Dindigul
|-
![[Virudhunagar]]
|TN 67
|Virudhunagar
|-
! rowspan="2" |Tamil Nadu State Transport Corporation - [[Salem, Tamil Nadu|Salem]]
![[Salem, Tamil Nadu|Salem]]
|TN 30
|Salem West
| rowspan="2" |SLM
| rowspan="2" |
* [[Salem district]]
* [[Namakkal district]]
* [[Dharmapuri district]]
* [[Krishnagiri district]]
* [[Tirupathur district]] ''(Some)''
|-
![[Dharmapuri]]
|TN 29
|Dharmapuri
|-
! rowspan="3" |Tamil Nadu State Transport Corporation - [[Tirunelveli]]
![[Tirunelveli]]
|TN 72
|Tirunelveli
| rowspan="3" |TNV
| rowspan="3" |
* [[Tirunelveli district]]
* [[Tenkasi district]]
* [[Thoothukudi district]]
* [[Kanyakumari district]]
|-
![[Thoothukudi]]
|TN 69
|Tirunelveli
|-
![[Nagercoil]]
|TN 74
|Nagercoil
|-
! rowspan="6" |Tamil Nadu State Transport Corporation - [[Viluppuram|Villupuram]]
![[Viluppuram|Villupuram]]
|TN 32
|Villupuram
| rowspan="6" |VPM
| rowspan="6" |
* [[Viluppuram district|Villuppuram district]]
* [[Kallakurichi district]]
* [[Cuddalore district]]
* [[Vellore district]]
* [[Tirupathur district]] ''(Some)''
* [[Ranipet district]]
* [[Kanchipuram district]]
* [[Chengalpattu district]]
* [[Tiruvannamalai district]]
* [[Tiruvallur district]]
* [[Puducherry district]] (''Puducherry UT)''
|-
![[Cuddalore]]
|TN 31
|Cuddalore
|-
![[Kanchipuram]]
|TN 21
|Kanchipuram
|-
![[Tiruvallur]]
|TN 21
|Kanchipuram
|-
![[Vellore]]
|TN 23
|Vellore
|-
![[Tiruvannamalai]]
|TN 25
|Tiruvannamalai
|-
! rowspan="7" |[[Metropolitan Transport Corporation (Chennai)|Metropolitan Transport Corporation - Chennai]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Metropolitan Transport Corporation (Chennai) Ltd |url=https://mtcbus.tn.gov.in/Home/fleet_scheduled_services |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20250421164041/https://mtcbus.tn.gov.in/Home/fleet_scheduled_services |archive-date=2025-04-21 |access-date=2026-02-08 |website=mtcbus.tn.gov.in}}</ref>
![[Adyar, Chennai|Adyar]]
| rowspan="7" |TN 01
| rowspan="7" |Chennai Central
| rowspan="7" |MTC
| rowspan="7" |
* [[Chennai metropolitan area|Chennai Metropolitan Area]]
|-
![[Anna Nagar]]
|-
![[Ayanavaram]]
|-
![[Chromepet]]
|-
![[T. Nagar|T.Nagar]]
|-
![[Tondiarpet]]
|-
![[Vadapalani]]
|-
![[State Express Transport Corporation|State Express Transport Corporation - Tamil Nadu]]
!''Not Applicable''
|TN 01
|Chennai Central
|''Not Applicable''
|
* Entirety of the state of [[Tamil Nadu]]
* Parts of the neighboring states of [[Andhra Pradesh]], [[Karnataka]], [[Kerala]] and the union territory of [[Puducherry (union territory)|Puducherry]]
|}
[[File:TNSTC Divisions.png|thumb|This image shows the Tamil Nadu State Transport Corporation (TNSTC) map.]]

==Services==
* '''Economy Service''': It is a non-AC bus service with 3+2 non-reclining seater seats built on single-axle [[Ashok Leyland]] or [[Tata motors|Tata]] chassis with an old green-cream livery or a new blue-grey livery.
* '''Superfast Service (SFS)''': It is a non-AC bus service with 3+2 non-reclining seater seats built on single-axle [[Ashok Leyland]] or [[Tata motors|Tata]] chassis with select few stops and a new blue-grey livery.
* '''Superfast Service AC (SFS AC)''': It is an AC bus service with 3+2 non-reclining seater seats built on single-axle [[Ashok Leyland]] or [[Tata motors|Tata]] chassis with select few stops and a new dark blue livery.
* '''Point-to-Point Service (PP)''': It is a non-AC bus service with 3+2 non-reclining seater seats built on single-axle [[Ashok Leyland]] or [[Tata motors|Tata]] chassis with no stops in between and a new blue-grey livery.
* '''Point-to-Point AC (PP AC)''': It is an AC bus service with 3+2 non-reclining seater seats built on single-axle [[Ashok Leyland]] or [[Tata motors|Tata]] chassis with no stops in between and a new dark blue livery.
* '''Ordinary Pink City or Pink Local Service''': It is a non-AC bus service with 2+2 bench type non-reclining seater seats built on single-axle [[Ashok Leyland]] or [[Tata Motors|Tata]] chassis with a brown-cream livery with front and back sides in pink. Female passengers can travel for free on these buses.
* '''Ordinary City or Local Service''': It is a non-AC bus service with 2+2 bench type non-reclining seater seats built on single-axle [[Ashok Leyland]] or [[Tata Motors|Tata]] chassis with a brown-cream livery.
* '''Mini Bus Service''': It is a non-AC mini bus service with 2+2 bench type non-reclining seater seats built on single-axle [[Ashok Leyland]] chassis with a grey livery. It was launched to connect remote places, suburbs and also act as a feeder service.
* '''Deluxe City Service''': It is a non-AC bus service with 2+2 non-reclining seater seats built on single-axle [[Ashok Leyland]] or [[Tata motors|Tata]] chassis with lesser stops and a red livery.
* '''Deluxe City AC Service''': It is an AC bus service with 2+2 non-reclining seater seats built on single-axle [[Ashok Leyland]] or [[Tata motors|Tata]] chassis with lesser stops and a new red-grey livery.
* '''Ultra Deluxe''': It is a non-AC bus service with 2+2 reclining seater seats built on single-axle [[Ashok Leyland]] chassis with a white(new) or Gr(old) livery.
* '''Classic''': It is a non-AC bus service with 2+2 reclining seater seats and a toilet facility built on single-axle [[Ashok Leyland]] chassis with a green livery.
* '''Non-AC Sleeper''': It is a non-AC bus service with 2+1 lower and upper berth sleeper seats built on single-axle [[Ashok Leyland]] chassis with a white livery.
* '''Non-AC Steater Cum Sleeper''': It is a non-AC bus service with 2+1 reclining seater seats and 2+1 upper berth sleeper seats built on single-axle [[Ashok Leyland]] chassis with a white livery.
* '''AC Seater''': It is an AC bus service with 2+2 reclining seater seats built on single-axle [[Ashok Leyland]] chassis with a white or green livery.
* '''AC Sleeper''': It is an AC bus service with 2+1 lower and upper berth sleeper seats built on single-axle [[Ashok Leyland]] or MG Leera chassis with a white livery.
* '''AC Seater cum Sleeper''': It is an AC bus service with 2+1 reclining seater seats and 2+1 upper berth sleeper seats built on single-axle MG Leera chassis with a white livery.

[[File:Tnstc jadan.jpg|thumb|A TNSTC - Villupuram Bus (Route No. 477 Tiruvannamalai to Bengaluru)on [[Electronic City Elevated Expressway|Hosur Road's Bengaluru Elevated Tollway (Electronic City Elevated Expressway)]] in the neighbouring state of [[Karnataka|Karnataka's]] capital [[Bangalore|Bengaluru]].]]

==Other ventures==
In 1984, Tamil Nadu State Transport Corporation Limited established the [[Institute of Road and Transport Technology]] in [[Erode]] as the automobile research oriented institute with the vast area of 396 acres. It is a government institution listed as a category 1 college by the [[Directorate of Technical Education, Tamil Nadu.]]

In 1992, TNSTC established [[Government Erode Medical College|IRT Perundurai Medical College]] in [[Erode district|Erode.]] It was established along the Perundurai Sanatorium which was running from 1930. The college has 600 beds and started functioning in 1992. In 2004, doctors' quarters were added. In 2008, a school of nursing has been started in the RTS Hospital premises. And in 2017, the strength of the Medical College was increased from 60 to 100 students intake.

In 1992-1993 TNSTC established IRT Polytechnic colleges (now undertaken by Government of Tamilnadu) in Thirunelveli and Bargur.

TNSTC also established In 2013, Tamil Nadu State Transport Corporation Limited established [[Amma Kudineer]] (Amma packaged drinking water) which is involved in the production and packaging of mineral water in one-litre [[plastic bottle]]s, and selling them in long-distance running state-owned buses and in bus stations. The price has been fixed at ₹10 per bottle, and the production plant is set up in [[Gummidipoondi]] in [[Thiruvallur]] district. This venture is closed.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sales stopped, fate of Amma water in limbo - The New Indian Express |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/chennai/2021/Nov/17/sales-stopped-fate-of-amma-water-in-limbo-2384541.html |access-date=2022-08-31 |website=www.newindianexpress.com|date=12 November 2021 }}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{commons category}}
* [http://www.tn.gov.in/transport/stu.htm State Transport Undertakings]
* [https://www.yatra.com/bus-operators-india/tnstc TNSTC]

{{State owned road transport companies in India}}
{{State Agencies of Tamil Nadu}}
{{Transport in Tamil Nadu}}

{{authority control}}

[[Category:Bus companies of India]]
[[Category:Transport in Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:State road transport corporations of India]]
[[Category:Government agencies established in 1972]]
[[Category:Government-owned companies of Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:1972 establishments in Tamil Nadu]]

Mary Anne Mohanraj

2026-03-08T05:26:12Z

WernerStoate3: put up basic info more to come!

{{Short description|American writer (born 1971)}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Mary Anne Mohanraj
| image = Mary_Anne_Mohanraj%2C_July_2012.jpg
| alt =
| caption =
| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1971|07|26}}
| birth_place = [[Colombo]], [[Dominion of Ceylon|Ceylon]]
| death_date = 
| death_place =
| education = [[University of Chicago]] ([[Bachelor of Arts|BA]]) [[Mills College]] ([[Master of Fine Arts|MFA]]), [[University of Utah]] ([[Doctor of Philosophy|PhD]])
| other_names =
| known_for =
| occupation = {{flatlist|
* [[Writer]]
* editor
* academic
}}
}}
'''Mary Anne Amirthi Mohanraj''' (born July 26, 1971) is an American writer, editor, and academic of [[Sri Lanka]]n birth.

== Background ==
Mohanraj was born in [[Colombo]], Sri Lanka, but moved to the United States at the age of two and grew up in [[New Britain, Connecticut]].<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.locusmag.com/2006/Issues/10Mohanraj.html |title=Mary Anne Mohanraj: Breaking Down Barriers |work=Locus Magazine |date=October 2006 |accessdate=2013-05-06}}</ref>

Her parents, who had originally intended to return to Sri Lanka after a few years and were still considering the possibility for the future, planned in 1983 to send 12-year-old Mary Anne to live with her grandparents for a summer "to reconnect" with her homeland. Just before she was to go, her father received a telegram. "Don't send her. There's trouble coming." He cancelled the trip. As she later wrote,<blockquote>
It's called [[Black July]] in Sri Lanka. Riots erupted in Colombo, the capital city, killing thousands of Tamils, the ethnic minority group, the group to which I belong. Brutal chaos ensued – friends of mine who were there tell horrifying stories. They saw tires put around men's necks, saw them lit on fire. They saw women and children dragged from their homes, pulled from cars to be raped and killed in the street.

I saw none of this, but the stories haunt my fiction. Whether I'm writing mainstream lit or fantasy or science fiction, I keep coming back to the [[Sri Lankan civil war|war in Sri Lanka]]. I keep thinking about the life I would have had, if my parents had made different choices. If we had stayed there, and been killed in the riots. If I had gotten on that plane. If we had fled, as so many of my aunts and uncles did, and ended up as refugees in Canada or elsewhere.<ref>[http://whatever.scalzi.com/2013/11/21/the-big-idea-mary-anne-mohanraj/ "The Big Idea: Mary Anne Mohanraj" November 21, 2013 ''Whatever: The Big Idea'' John Scalzi]</ref></blockquote>

Instead, Mohanraj attended [[Miss Porter's School]] and the [[University of Chicago]] and graduated with a degree in [[English Literature]] in 1993. She holds an [[Master of Fine Arts|MFA]] from [[Mills College]] (1998) and a [[PhD]] in [[English Literature]] from the [[University of Utah]] (2005). She also attended the [[Clarion Workshop|Clarion West Writing Workshop]] in 1997.

== Academic career ==
Mohanraj has taught at [[Salt Lake Community College]], the [[University of Utah]], and [[Vermont College]]. From September 2005 to June 2007, she was a visiting professor in the MFA Program at [[Roosevelt University]]. From 2007 to 2008, she was a visiting professor at [[Northwestern University]], in the Center for the Writing Arts. She taught at the [[Clarion Workshop]] in July 2008.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://clarion.ucsd.edu/faculty.html |title=2008 Clarion Instructors |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20080117003534/http://clarion.ucsd.edu/faculty.html |archivedate = 2008-01-17}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.adventuresinscifipublishing.com/2008/07/aisfp-56/|title=AISFP 56 - Mary Anne Mohanraj|work=Adventures in Sci-Fi Publishing}}</ref> Since 2008, she has worked as in the English Department at the [[University of Illinois at Chicago]] (UIC), first as Clinical Assistant Professor, and currently as Clinical Associate Professor.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://2018.penguicon.org/2018/02/13/mary-anne-mohanraj-2018-penguicon-guest-of-honor/|title = Mary Anne Mohanraj, 2018 Penguicon Guest of Honor|date = 13 February 2018}}</ref> She was Associate Coordinator of [[Asian Studies|Asian]] and [[Asian American Studies]] at UIC from 2009 to 2014.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://asam.uic.edu/asam/faculty-and-staff/mary-anne-mohanraj |title=UIC Faculty and Staff - Mary Anne Mohanraj |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20150426143109/http://asam.uic.edu/asam/faculty-and-staff/mary-anne-mohanraj |archivedate = 2015-04-26}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.browngirlmagazine.com/2014/10/top-10-quotes-kriti-festival-2014-celebration-south-asian-literature-arts/|title=Top 10 Quotes From the Kriti Festival 2014 – A Celebration of South Asian Literature and Arts|date=6 October 2014|access-date=26 April 2015|archive-date=23 March 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220323144315/https://browngirlmagazine.com/2014/10/top-10-quotes-kriti-festival-2014-celebration-south-asian-literature-arts/|url-status=dead}}</ref>

== Writing ==
Her novel-in-stories, ''Bodies in Motion'', received an honorable mention from the 2007 [[Asian American Literary Awards]] and was named a ''[[USA Today]]'' notable book.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.usatoday.com/life/books/news/2005-05-25-summerbooks-calendar_x.htm |title=Upcoming titles |newspaper=[[USA Today]] |date=May 25, 2005 }}</ref> In 2006, Mohanraj received an [[Illinois Arts Council]] Fellowship in Prose. She was the co-founder and editor-in-chief for ''[[Clean Sheets]]'', an online magazine of [[erotica]], from 1998 to 2000. In 2000 she helped found ''[[Strange Horizons]]'', where she was the editor-in-chief through 2003.<ref name="sh">{{Cite web|url=http://www.strangehorizons.com/2003/20030922/editorial.shtml |title=Changing of the Guard |accessdate=9 September 2015 |last=Mohanraj |first=Mary Anne |date=22 September 2003 |work=Strange Horizons |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150908085106/http://www.strangehorizons.com/2003/20030922/editorial.shtml |archivedate=8 September 2015 }}</ref> In 2004 she founded the [[Speculative Literature Foundation]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.speculativeliterature.org/About/|title=The Speculative Literature Foundation|accessdate=18 January 2010}}</ref> which she still directs, and is a founding member and Executive Director of [[Desilit]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.desilit.org/staff.php|title=DesiLit: Staff|accessdate=18 January 2010|url-status=usurped|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100221014748/http://www.desilit.org/staff.php|archivedate=21 February 2010}}</ref> an organization designed to support [[South Asian]] and [[diaspora]] writers. Mohanraj founded and is Executive Director of the biennial Kriti Festival,<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.desilit.org/kriti.php#staff|title=Kriti (creation)|accessdate=18 January 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090614180055/http://www.desilit.org/kriti.php#staff|archive-date=14 June 2009|url-status=usurped}}</ref> a celebration of South Asian and diaspora literature and arts, founded in 2005. As of 2013, she is Editor-in-Chief of ''Jaggery'', "A DesiLit Arts and Literature Journal".<ref name="jaggery">{{Cite web|url=http://jaggerylit.com/about/masthead/|title=Masthead|accessdate=9 September 2015|work=Jaggery}}</ref> Mohanraj was a host for season 12 of the [[Writing Excuses]] podcast.<ref>{{cite web|title=Mary Anne Mohanraj|url=http://www.writingexcuses.com/about-2/mary-anne-mohanraj/|website=Writing Excuses|date=2 January 2017|accessdate=19 February 2018|archive-date=20 February 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180220033425/http://www.writingexcuses.com/about-2/mary-anne-mohanraj/|url-status=dead}}</ref>

Mohanraj's writing frequently explores issues of [[cultural identity]]. She has noted in interviews that she feels the complexity of such issues in her own life: "When people ask me what my identity is, I could say I'm Sri Lankan-American ... I could say I was raised Catholic but now I'm agnostic. I could say I've been called a queer, because although I've been with a man the past 17 years, I'm bisexual."<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://media.www.dailynorthwestern.com/media/storage/paper853/news/2008/11/19/Campus/Author.Tackles.Sexuality.Identity-3551523.shtml |title=Author tackles sexuality, identity |accessdate=4 January 2009 |last=Allen |first=Jessica |date=19 November 2008 |work=The Daily Northwestern |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081205202700/http://media.www.dailynorthwestern.com/media/storage/paper853/news/2008/11/19/Campus/Author.Tackles.Sexuality.Identity-3551523.shtml |archivedate=5 December 2008 }}</ref> She is also something of a sexuality activist; she founded and moderates the [[Internet Erotica Writers' Workshop]], and was a former moderator for [[soc.sexuality.general]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/2005-08-11/entertainment/17384059_1_sri-lankan-tamil-civil-war-immigrant/2|title=ASIAN POP Sexing Sri Lanka / How a Tamil immigrant girl grew up to become an erotica queen and new voice in South Asian literature (page 2 of 5)|access-date=18 January 2010|last=Roy|first=Sandip|date=11 August 2005|work=SF Gate|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110726043334/http://articles.sfgate.com/2005-08-11/entertainment/17384059_1_sri-lankan-tamil-civil-war-immigrant/2|archive-date=26 July 2011}}</ref>

Mohanraj has had stories published in the [[List of Wild Cards books and short stories|''Wild Cards'']] science fiction [[shared universe]] edited by [[George R. R. Martin]].,<ref>[http://us.macmillan.com/series/wildcards ''Wild Cards'' series website] at [[Macmillan Publishers]], parent company of [[Tor Books]]</ref> and has announced that she will have further stories in forthcoming ''Wild Cards'' anthologies ''Fort Freak'', ''Lowball'', ''Low Chicago'', ''Joker Moon'', and ''Three Kings''.<ref>[https://www.facebook.com/mary.a.mohanraj/posts/10159264069669616 Mohanraj's Facebook page; March 15, 2019]</ref>

== Personal life ==

On February 12, 2015, she announced in her blog that she had been diagnosed with [[breast cancer]].<ref>{{cite web|last1=Mohanraj|first1=Mary Anne|title=Diagnosis The first ...|url=http://maryannemohanraj.com/2015/02/12/diagnosisthe-first/|website=An Ongoing, Erratic Diary|date=12 February 2015|accessdate=9 April 2016|archive-date=12 May 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170512195022/http://maryannemohanraj.com/2015/02/12/diagnosisthe-first/|url-status=dead}}</ref> She has been documenting the treatment (including [[chemotherapy]] and a [[lumpectomy]]) in a "Cancer Log" on her website.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Mohanraj|first1=Mary Anne|title=Category Archives: Cancer Log|url=http://maryannemohanraj.com/category/cancer-log/|website=An Ongoing, Erratic Diary|accessdate=9 April 2016}}{{Dead link|date=March 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot }}</ref> On February 24, 2015, she married Kevin Whyte, with whom she had had a [[domestic partnership]] for 23 years.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Mohanraj|first1=Mary Anne|title=Kevin and I got married ...|url=http://maryannemohanraj.com/2015/02/25/kevin-and-i-got-married/|website=An Ongoing, Erratic Diary|date=25 February 2015|accessdate=9 April 2016|archive-date=12 May 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170512195018/http://maryannemohanraj.com/2015/02/25/kevin-and-i-got-married/|url-status=dead}}</ref>

In 2017, Mohanraj ran for the Oak Park library board.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.oakpark.com/News/Articles/3-10-2017/Election-2017:-Oak-Park-Library-Board/|publisher=OakPark.com|title=Election 2017: Oak Park Library Board|date=10 March 2017|accessdate=31 March 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Mary Anne Mohanraj: From prolific author to local politician|url=https://medium.com/crowdpac/mary-anne-mohanraj-from-prolific-author-to-local-politician-c0217c1ba0b2|publisher=Crowdpac|date=29 March 2017|accessdate=31 March 2017}}</ref> [[Democracy for America]] endorsed her candidacy.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.democracyforamerica.com/our_candidates|title=Democracy for America : Our Candidates|publisher=DemocracyForAmerica.com|accessdate=31 March 2017}}</ref> She was elected on April 4, 2017.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://file770.com/?p=34204 |title=Mohanraj Wins Seat As Library Trustee |website=[[File 770]] |first=Mike |last=Glyer |date=April 5, 2017 |accessdate=April 9, 2017}}</ref> In April 2021, she was elected to the D200 [[school board]],<ref>[https://www.oprfhs.org/about "About Us" Oak Park and River Forest High School website]</ref> which governs [[Oak Park and River Forest High School]].<ref>[https://www.oakpark.com/2021/04/06/d97-and-d200-school-boards-get-new-members/ Romain, Michael. "D97 and D200 school boards get new members: Duffy, Johnson and Dribin win seats on D97 board while Arkin, Mohanraj, Henry and Cofsky win seats on D200 board" ''Journal of Oak Park and River Forest'' April 6, 2021]</ref>

==Awards and honors==
* 2018 Imadjinn Award for Best Non-Fiction Book (''Invisible 3: Essays and Poems on Representation in SF/F'', with co-editor [[Jim C. Hines]]), winner<ref>{{cite web |title=2018 Imadjinn Awards Winners |url=https://locusmag.com/2018/10/2018-imadjinn-awards-winners/ |website=Locus Online |date=10 October 2018 |access-date=10 March 2022}}</ref>
* 2019 [[Locus Award|Locus Special Award]] for Community Outreach & Development, winner<ref>{{cite web |title=Locus Awards Weekend Report |url=https://locusmag.com/2019/08/locus-awards-weekend-report/ |website=Locus Online |date=2 August 2019 |access-date=10 March 2022}}</ref>

==Bibliography==
===Fiction===
* ''Kathryn in the City: A Choose-Your-Own-Erotic-Adventure'' ([[Melcher Media]], 2003) ({{ISBN|1-59240-030-2}})
* ''The Classics Professor: A Choose-Your-Own-Erotic-Adventure'' ([[Melcher Media]], 2003) ({{ISBN|1-59240-031-0}})
* ''Bodies in Motion: Stories'' ([[HarperCollins]], 2005) ({{ISBN|0-06-078118-1}})
* ''The Stars Change'' ([[Circlet Press]], 2013) ({{ISBN|978-1-61390-084-0}})
* ''Perennial: A Garden Romance'' ([[Lethe Press]], 2018) ({{ISBN|978-1-59021-640-8}})

===Mixed-genre collections===
* ''Torn Shapes of Desire'' (IAM [Intangible Assets Manufacturing], 1997) ({{ISBN|1-885876-03-3}})
* ''Silence and the Word'' ([[Lethe Press]], 2004) ({{ISBN|1-59021-014-X}})
* ''Without a Map'' [with [[Nnedi Okorafor]]] ([[Aqueduct Press]], 2010) ({{ISBN|978-1-93350-041-6}})

===Nonfiction===
* ''A Taste of Serendib: A Sri Lankan Cookbook'' ([[Lethe Press]], 2003) ({{ISBN|1-59021-100-6}})
* ''A Feast of Serendib: Recipes from Sri Lanka'' (2020) ({{ISBN|978-1-64543-275-3}})<ref>{{citation|url=https://www.publishersweekly.com/9781645432753|title=Lifestyle Book Review: A Feast of Serendib: Recipes From Sri Lanka by Mary Anne Mohanraj|work=[[Publishers Weekly]]|accessdate=2020-01-15}}</ref>
* ''Vegan Serendib: Recipes from Sri Lanka'' (Serendib Press, 2022) {{ISBN|978-1-73304093-8}} {{WorldCat|oclc=1365622195}}
* ''Tornado: A Breast Cancer Log'' ([[Riverdale Avenue Books]], 2023) {{ISBN|978-1-62601647-7}}

===Children's literature===
* ''The Poet's Journey'' ([[Serendib Press]], 2008) ({{ISBN|978-0-615-18889-8}}) [as "Amirthi Mohanraj"]

===Edited books===
* ''Aqua Erotica'' ([[Three Rivers Press]], 2000) ({{ISBN|0-609-80656-4}})
* ''Wet: More Aqua Erotica'' ([[Three Rivers Press]], 2002) ({{ISBN|0-609-80897-4}})
* ''The Best of Strange Horizons: Year One'' ([[Lethe Press]], 2003) ({{ISBN|1-59021-036-0}})
* ''The WisCon Chronicles, Vol. 9: Intersections and Alliances'' ([[Aqueduct Press]], 2015) ({{ISBN|978-1-61976-087-5}})
* ''Invisible 3: Essays and Poems on Representation in SF/F'' [with [[Jim C. Hines]]] (2017) ({{ISBN|978-1-37070-456-9}})
* ''Survivor'' [with [[JJ Pionke]]] ([[Lethe Press]], 2018) ({{ISBN|978-1-59021-174-8}})

===Edited online magazines/journals===
* ''Clean Sheets'' (founder and editor-in-chief, 1998–2000)<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.cleansheets.com/masthead/bios.html#maryanne |title=Staff Bios |accessdate=9 September 2015 |date=4 August 2002 |work=Clean Sheets |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20020804081022/http://www.cleansheets.com/masthead/bios.html#maryanne |archivedate=August 4, 2002 }}</ref>
* ''[[Strange Horizons]]'' (founder and editor-in-chief, 2000–2003)<ref name="sh" />
* ''Jaggery'' (founder; editor-in-chief, 2013–17)<ref name="jaggery" />

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{official website}} Contains links to her [https://web.archive.org/web/20080621041908/http://www.mamohanraj.com/biog.html biography], bibliography, journal, and other areas of interest.
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070825203129/http://www.indiacurrents.com/news/view_article.html?article_id=b76891dd7561a9c67fff9f49c77f41c3 Uniting Desi Writers and Readers] Interview in ''India Currents'' Magazine by Ranjit Souri
* [https://saichicago.org/dialogues/sai-dialogue-with-mary-anne-mohanraj Mary Anne Mohanraj] Interview on ''South Asia Institute'' website. Retrieved 07 March 2026
*{{ISFDB name|id=80741|name=Mary Anne Mohanraj }}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Mohanraj, Mary Anne}}
[[Category:1971 births]]
[[Category:20th-century American novelists]]
[[Category:21st-century American novelists]]
[[Category:20th-century American women novelists]]
[[Category:21st-century American women novelists]]
[[Category:20th-century American LGBTQ people]]
[[Category:21st-century American LGBTQ people]]
[[Category:20th-century Sri Lankan LGBTQ people]]
[[Category:21st-century Sri Lankan LGBTQ people]]
[[Category:American bloggers]]
[[Category:American erotica writers]]
[[Category:Sri Lankan emigrants to the United States]]
[[Category:American people of Sri Lankan Tamil descent]]
[[Category:American science fiction writers]]
[[Category:Bisexual women writers]]
[[Category:Bisexual novelists]]
[[Category:Sri Lankan LGBTQ novelists]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:American science fiction editors]]
[[Category:University of Chicago alumni]]
[[Category:University of Utah alumni]]
[[Category:American women science fiction and fantasy writers]]
[[Category:American novelists of Asian descent]]
[[Category:American writers of Sri Lankan descent]]
[[Category:Writers from Chicago]]
[[Category:American LGBTQ novelists]]
[[Category:Miss Porter's School alumni]]
[[Category:American women bloggers]]
[[Category:American women erotica writers]]
[[Category:Novelists from Illinois]]
[[Category:Bisexual academics]]
[[Category:LGBTQ people from Connecticut]]
[[Category:American LGBTQ people of Asian descent]]
[[Category:School board members in Illinois]]
[[Category:Polyamorous people]]
[[Category:American bisexual writers]]
[[Category:Sri Lankan bisexual people]]
[[Category:American LGBTQ women writers]]

Okol language

2026-03-05T20:40:21Z

WernerStoate3: starting post

{{Short description|Extinct Great Andamanese language of India}}
{{Infobox language
| name = Kol
| nativename = {{lang|aky|O-Kol}}
| states = [[India]]
| region = [[Andaman Islands]]; southeast Middle Andaman island.
| extinct = by 1921
| ref = e25
| familycolor = Andamanese
| fam1 = [[Great Andamanese languages|Great Andamanese]]
| fam2 = Central Andamanese
| fam3 = Opucikwar–Okol
| iso3 = aky
| linglist = aky.html
| glotto = akak1253
| glottorefname = Akakol
| ethnicity = Kol
| map2 = Lang Status 01-EX.svg
| map = Languages_and_dialects_of_the_Andaman_Islands_at_British_contact.png
| mapcaption = {{legend|#ff50af|Okol}}
}}

The '''Kol language''', '''''O-Kol''''', is an extinct [[Great Andamanese languages|Great Andamanese]] language, of the Central group. It was spoken in the southeast section of [[Middle Andaman]].

==History==
{{Off topic|date=March 2026}}
The Kol were one of the [[indigenous peoples]] of the [[Andaman Islands]], one of the ten or so [[Great Andamanese]] tribes identified by [[British Empire|British]] colonials in the 1860s. Their language was closely related to the other [[Great Andamanese languages]]. They were extinct as a distinct people by 1921.<ref name="vanDriem2001">{{Citation | title=Languages of the Himalayas: An Ethnolinguistic Handbook of the Greater Himalayan Region : Containing an Introduction to the Symbiotic Theory of Language | author=George van Driem | date=2001 | publisher=BRILL | isbn=90-04-12062-9 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fiavPYCz4dYC | quote=''The Aka-Kol tribe of Middle Andaman became extinct by 1921.''}}</ref>

==Grammar==
The Great Andamanese languages are [[agglutinative]] languages, with an extensive prefix and suffix system.<ref name=Templ>Temple, Richard C. (1902). ''A Grammar of the Andamanese Languages, being Chapter IV of Part I of the Census Report on the Andaman and Nicobar Islands''. Superintendent's Printing Press: Port Blair.</ref> They have a distinctive [[noun class]] system based largely on body parts, in which every [[noun]] and [[adjective]] may take a [[Prefix (linguistics)|prefix]] according to which body part it is associated with (on the basis of shape, or functional association). Thus, for instance, the *aka- at the beginning of the language names is a prefix for objects related to the [[tongue]].<ref name="Templ"/>

The prefixes are,

{| class=wikitable
! !!Kol
|-
!head/heart
|ôto-
|-
!hand/foot
|ôn-
|-
!mouth/tongue
|o-
|-
!torso (shoulder to shins)
|o-
|-
!eye/face/arm/breast
|er-
|-
!back/leg/butt
|a-
|-
!waist
|}

Body parts are [[Inalienable possession|inalienably possessed]], requiring a [[possessive adjective]] [[Prefix (linguistics)|prefix]] to complete them, so one cannot say "head" alone, but only "my, or his, or your, etc. head".

The basic pronouns are almost identical throughout the Great Andamanese languages.

'This' and 'that' are distinguished as ''k-'' and ''t-''.

Judging from the available sources, the Andamanese languages have only two [[cardinal number (linguistics)|cardinal number]]s — [[1 (number)|one]] and [[2 (number)|two]] — and their entire numerical lexicon is one, two, one more, some more, and all.<ref name="Templ"/>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Andamanese languages}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Andamanese, Aka-Kol, Language}}
[[Category:Agglutinative languages]]
[[Category:Great Andamanese languages]]
[[Category:Extinct languages of Asia]]
[[Category:Languages of India]]
[[Category:Languages extinct in the 20th century]]

{{lang-stub}}

Jeevanadhi

2026-03-03T22:04:28Z

WernerStoate3: slightly improve citations as per guidelines further and cleaned formatting for clarity

{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2021}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Jeevanadi
| image =
| caption =
| director = [[D. Rajendra Babu]]
| screenplay = D. Rajendra Babu
| writer = Sainath (dialogues)
| starring = [[Vishnuvardhan (actor)|Vishnuvardhan]] [[Kushboo (actress)|Kushboo]] [[Ananth Nag]] [[Urvashi (actress)|Urvashi]]
| producer = P. Dhanraj
| music = [[Koti (composer)|Koti]] '''Background score''': [[Sadhu Kokila]]
| cinematography = Prasad Babu
| editing = Shyam
| studio = Sri Dhanalakshmi Creations
| released = {{Film date|1996|09|10|df=y}}
| runtime = 148 minutes
| language = Kannada
| country = India
| budget =
}}

'''''Jeevanadi''''' is a 1996 Indian [[Kannada]]-language [[drama (genre)|drama]] film directed by [[D. Rajendra Babu]] and produced by P. Dhanraj. The film stars [[Vishnuvardhan (actor)|Vishnuvardhan]], [[Ananth Nag|Anant Nag]] and [[Kushboo (actress)|Kushboo]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.filmibeat.com/kannada/movies/jeevanadhi.html |title=movie cast & crew |access-date=22 March 2014 |archive-date=22 March 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140322122004/http://entertainment.oneindia.in/kannada/movies/jeevanadhi.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The film was widely popular for its title song composed by [[Koti (composer)|Koti]] upon release. The film was a remake of 1967 Tamil film ''[[Pesum Deivam]]''.

== Plot ==
This movie indirectly depicts how River Kaveri originates from one place and is served, loved and accepted by another place.

== Cast ==
* [[Vishnuvardhan (actor)|Vishnuvardhan]] as Sagar
* [[Ananth Nag|Anant Nag]] as Dr. Harshavardhan
* [[Kushboo (actress)|Kushboo]] as Kaveri
* [[Urvashi (actress)|Urvashi]] as Dr. Priyadarshini
* [[Tara (Kannada actress)|Tara]]
* [[Umashree]] as Santhanamma
* [[Srinivasa Murthy]] as Subhramanya
* [[R. N. Jayagopal]]
* [[Doddanna]] as Ravi Shankar Shastri
* [[Shivaram]] as Dr. Shivaram
* [[Bank Janardhan]]
* [[Kishori Ballal]] as Annapurna

==Soundtrack==
{{Infobox album
| name = Jeevanadhi
| type = Soundtrack
| artist = [[Koti (composer)|Koti]]
| cover = Jeevanadhi album cover.jpg
| border = yes
| alt =
| caption = Soundtrack cover
| released =
| recorded =
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = [[Film soundtrack|Feature film soundtrack]]
| length = 40:14
| label = Jhankar Music
| producer =
| prev_title =
| prev_year =
| next_title =
| next_year =
}}

The music of the film was composed by [[Koti (composer)|Koti]] and lyrics written by [[R. N. Jayagopal]].<ref>[http://gaana.com/album/jeevanadhi Songs at Gaana]</ref> The album consists of eight soundtracks.<ref>{{cite web|title= Jeevanadhi (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack)|url=https://music.apple.com/in/album/jeevanadhi-original-motion/667263196 |publisher=iTunes|access-date=25 August 2014}}</ref> The song "Kannada Naadina Jeevanadhi" was received extremely well and became very popular. Another track "Yello Yaaro Hego" from the film was [[Sonu Nigam]]'s first song in Kannada as a playback singer.<ref>{{cite web|title=Biography of Sonu Nigam |url=http://incredible-people.com/biographies/sonu-nigam/ |publisher=incredible-people.com |accessdate=25 August 2014 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140826161320/http://incredible-people.com/biographies/sonu-nigam/ |archivedate=26 August 2014 }}</ref>

{{track listing
| headline = Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| total_length = 40:14
| title1 = Daivada Karuneyo
| extra1 = [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]], [[Manjula Gururaj]]
| length1 = 5:22
| title2 = Ee Andada Chendada
| extra2 = Rajesh Krishnan
| length2 = 4:19
| title3 = Ee Andada
| extra3 = S. P. Balasubrahmanyam
| length3 = 4:19
| title4 = Kannada Nadina Jeevanadi
| extra4 = S. P. Balasubrahmanyam
| length4 = 5:50
| title5 = Kannada Nadina Jeevanadi - Duet
| extra5 = S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, [[Anuradha Paudwal]]
| length5 = 5:49
| title6 = Navamasa Ninnanu Horalilla
| extra6 = Anuradha Paudwal, Rajesh Krishnan
| length6 = 4:55
| title7 = Sheshadrivasa Sri Tirumale
sha
| extra7 = Rajesh Krishnan, Manjula Gururaj
| length7 = 4:45
| title8 = Eello Yaaro Hego
| extra8 = [[Sonu Nigam]]
| length8 = 4:55
}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20150924181600/http://www.indiaglitz.com/no-song-of-jeevanadhi-at-centenary-kannada-news-97671 No Song of 'Jeevanadhi' at Centenary]

{{D. Rajendra Babu}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Jeevanadhi}}
[[Category:1996 films]]
[[Category:1996 Kannada-language films]]
[[Category:1996 Indian films]]
[[Category:Indian drama films]]
[[Category:Films scored by Koti (composer)]]
[[Category:Films directed by D. Rajendra Babu]]
[[Category:1996 drama films]]
[[Category:Kannada remakes of Tamil films]]

{{1990s-Kannada-film-stub}}

Samudram (1977 film)

2026-03-03T21:10:04Z

WernerStoate3: quick refine citations per standard format also and updated info per standard format

{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Samudram
| image =
| caption =
| director = K. Sukumaran Nair
| producer =
| writer = K. Sukumaran Nair M. R. Joseph (dialogues)
| screenplay = M. R. Joseph
| starring = [[Prem Nazir]] [[Sheela]] [[Jayabharathi]] [[Adoor Bhasi]]
| music = [[G. Devarajan]]
| cinematography = M. C. Sekhar
| editing = M. S. Mani
| studio = Suvarna Arts
| distributor = Suvarna Arts
| released = {{Film date|1977|11|10|df=y}}
| country = India
| language = Malayalam
}}

'''''Samudram''''' ({{Translation|Ocean}}) is a 1977 Indian [[Malayalam]]-language film directed by K. Sukumaran Nair.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.m3db.com/film/1774|title=Samudram|accessdate=2014-10-08|publisher=m3db.com}}</ref> The film stars [[Prem Nazir]], [[Sheela]], [[Jayabharathi]] and [[Adoor Bhasi]]. The film has musical score by [[G. Devarajan]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.malayalachalachithram.com/movie.php?i=795|title=Samudram|accessdate=2014-10-08|publisher=www.malayalachalachithram.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://malayalasangeetham.info/m.php?4632|title=Samudram|accessdate=2014-10-08|publisher=malayalasangeetham.info}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://spicyonion.com/title/samudram-malayalam-movie/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141014015136/http://spicyonion.com/title/samudram-malayalam-movie/|url-status=usurped|archive-date=14 October 2014|title=Samudram|accessdate=2014-10-08|publisher=spicyonion.com}}</ref>

==Cast==
{{colbegin}}
*[[Prem Nazir]] as Rajashekharan
*[[Sheela]] as Omana
*[[Jayabharathi]] as Shobhana
*[[Adoor Bhasi]] as Eswara Pillai
*[[Thikkurissy Sukumaran Nair]] as principal
*[[Jose (actor)|Jose]] as Ravi
*[[Sreelatha Namboothiri]] as Vilasini
*[[T. R. Omana]]
*[[Sumathi (actress)|Baby Sumathi]]
*[[Bahadoor]] as Shekhar Das
*[[Prathapachandran]] as Omana's father
*[[Ravikumar (actor)|Ravikumar]] as Mohan
*[[T. P. Madhavan]] as police officer
*[[Vanchiyoor Radha]]
* [[Master Sekhar]]
*[[Baby Indira]]
{{colend}}

==Soundtrack==
The music was composed by [[G. Devarajan]] and the lyrics were written by [[Yusufali Kechery]].
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;"
! No. !! Song !! Singers !! Lyrics !! Length (m:ss)
|-
| 1 || "Aayiram Kannukal" || [[K. J. Yesudas]] || [[Yusufali Kechery]] ||
|-
| 2 || "Ding Dong" || || ||
|-
| 3 || "Ezhu Swarangal" || [[P. Jayachandran]], [[P. Madhuri]], Chorus, [[Jolly Abraham]] || Yusufali Kechery ||
|-
| 4 || "Kalyaanaraathriyil" || P. Madhuri, B. Vasantha, [[Latha Raju]] || Yusufali Kechery ||
|-
| 5 || "Sangeetha Devathe" || P. Madhuri || Yusufali Kechery ||
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|0281164|Samudram}}

[[Category:1977 films]]
[[Category:1977 Malayalam-language films]]
[[Category:1977 Indian films]]
{{1970s-Malayalam-film-stub}}

Vidyapati (2025 film)

2026-03-03T12:14:24Z

WernerStoate3: new new info

{{Short description|2025 Indian comedy drama film}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2025}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Vidyapati
| image = Vidyapati (2025 film).jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = {{Ubl| Haseen Khan
| Esham Khan}}
| producer = [[Dhananjaya (actor)|Dhananjaya]]
| writer = {{Ubl| Haseen Khan
| Esham Khan}}
| starring = {{plainlist|* [[Nagabhushana]]
* Malaika T. Vasupal
}}
| music = Dossmode
| cinematography = Lavith
| editing = {{Ubl| Haseen Khan
| Esham Khan}}
| studio = Daali Pictures
| distributor =
| released = {{film date|2025|4|10|df=yes}}
| runtime = 126 minutes<ref name="THR" />
| country = India
| language = Kannada
| budget = 
| gross =
}}
'''''Vidyapati''''' ({{Translation|Vidya's husband}}) is a 2025 Indian [[Kannada]]-language [[comedy drama film]] written, directed and edited by Haseen Khan and Esham Khan. The film stars [[Nagabhushana]] and Malaika T. Vasupal.<ref>{{cite news |title='Vidyapati': Nagabhushan's comedy drama, produced by Dhananjaya, gets a release date |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/vidyapati-nagabhushans-comedy-drama-produced-by-dhananjaya-gets-a-release-date/article69098761.ece/ |work=The Hindu |date=14 January 2025 |language=en-IN |archive-date=7 February 2025 |access-date=20 April 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250207173134/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/vidyapati-nagabhushans-comedy-drama-produced-by-dhananjaya-gets-a-release-date/article69098761.ece |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Plot ==
{{No plot |date=April 2025}}

== Cast ==
''Source''<ref name="BMR" />
* [[Nagabhushana]] as Siddu aka Vidyapati
* Malaika Vasupal as Vidaya
* Karthik Rao
* [[Ramachandra Raju]] as Jaggu
* Srivatsa Shyam as Kumara
* [[Rangayana Raghu]] (Cameo appearance)
* [[Dhananjaya (actor)|Dhananjaya]] as Anaconda (Cameo appearance)

== Production ==
In January 2024, it was reported that [[Nagabhushana]] would collaborate with director duo Haseen Khan and Esham Khan on their second collaboration, ''Vidyapati'',<ref>{{cite news |title=Nagabhushana to team up with Ikkat filmmakers again |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/nagabhushana-to-team-up-with-ikkat-filmmakers-again/articleshow/106980199.cms |work=The Times of India |date=19 January 2024}}</ref> after ''[[Ikkat (film)|Ikkat]]''.<ref>{{cite news |last1=A. |first1=Sharadhaa |title=Nagabushan takes centre stage as 'Vidyapati' |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/kannada/2024/Jan/16/nagabushan-takes-centre-stage-as-vidyapati |work=The New Indian Express |date=10 January 2024 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Karate chops - Bangalore Mirror |url=https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/south-masala/karate-chops/articleshow/106967750.cms |work=[[Bangalore Mirror]] |date=19 January 2024}}</ref> Malaika T. Vasupal was announced to play the female lead in the film in February 2024.<ref>{{cite news |title=Upadhyaksha actor Malaika Vasupal bags next project Vidyapati |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/kannada/news/2024/Feb/28/upadhyaksha-actor-malaika-vasupal-bags-next-project-vidyapati-52455.html |work=Cinema Express |date=10 February 2024 |language=en}}</ref> In March 2024, it was reported that [[Rangayana Raghu]] would be part of the film, playing a Kung-fu master character.<ref>{{cite news |title=Actor Rangayana Raghu To Play Kung Fu Master In Vidyapati? What We know |url=https://www.news18.com/movies/actor-rangayana-raghu-to-play-kung-fu-master-in-vidyapati-what-we-know-8824930.html |work=News18 |date=22 March 2024 |language=en}}</ref> The film was produced by [[Dhananjaya (actor)|Dhananjaya]] under his banner Daali Pictures.<ref>{{cite news |title=Nagabhushana's next is 'Vidyapati' with 'Ikkat' filmmakers |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/nagabhushanas-next-is-vidyapati-with-ikkat-filmmakers/article67748309.ece/ |work=The Hindu |date=17 January 2024 |language=en-IN |archive-date=3 March 2024 |access-date=20 April 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240303135504/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/nagabhushanas-next-is-vidyapati-with-ikkat-filmmakers/article67748309.ece/amp/ |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Ramachandra Raju]] was chosen to portray the antagonist role after the duo Haseen Khan and Esham Khan received a suggestion from Dhananjaya to cast him as the antagonist.<ref>{{cite news |last1=A. |first1=Sharadhaa |title=Haseen Khan: Nagabhushan channels a young Anant Nag in his comic timing |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/kannada/2025/Apr/08/haseen-khan-nagabhushan-channels-a-young-anant-nag-in-his-comic-timing |work=The New Indian Express |date=10 April 2025 |language=en}}</ref>

== Soundtrack ==
The soundtrack was composed by Dossmode.<ref>{{cite web |title=Madanaari (From "Vidyapati") (Full Song) |url=https://www.jiosaavn.com/song/madanaari-from-vidyapati/QzgqBxFXBUQ |website=[[JioSaavn]] |date=3 March 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Ayyo Vidhiye (From "Vidyapati") (Full Song) |url=https://www.jiosaavn.com/song/ayyo-vidhiye-from-vidyapati/OhouVEFUBX8 |website=JioSaavn |date=7 November 2024}}</ref>
{{track listing
| headline = Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| title1 = Madanaari
| length1 = 2:49
| lyrics1 = Sujith Venkataramaiah
| extra1 = [[Vasuki Vaibhav]], [[Supriyaa Ram]]
| title2 = Ayyo Vidhiye
| length2 = 4:13
| lyrics2 = Sujith Venkataramaiah
| extra2 = [[Jaggesh]]
| total_length = 7:02
}}

== Release ==
''Vidyapati'' was released theatrically on 10 April 2025.<ref>{{cite news |title=Comedic Actor Nagabhushana's Next As Hero, Vidyapati, Gets A Release Date |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/kannada/comedic-actor-nagabhushana-s-next-as-hero-vidyapati-gets-a-release-date-article-117310270/ |work=Times Now |date=16 January 2025 |language=en |archive-date=23 January 2025 |access-date=20 April 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250123162835/https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/kannada/comedic-actor-nagabhushana-s-next-as-hero-vidyapati-gets-a-release-date-article-117310270 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title='Vidyapati' trailer: Nagabhushana's comedy drama promises a quirky David vs Goliath story |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/vidyapati-trailer-nagabhushanas-comedy-drama-promises-a-quirky-david-vs-goliath-story/article69349357.ece/ |work=The Hindu |date=19 March 2025 |language=en-IN |archive-date=6 April 2025 |access-date=20 April 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250406092526/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/vidyapati-trailer-nagabhushanas-comedy-drama-promises-a-quirky-david-vs-goliath-story/article69349357.ece |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Reception ==
Sridevi S. of ''[[The Times of India]]'' rated the film three out of five stars and wrote, "The film is an entertainment package filled with little fun and lot of drama. If you like clean comedy, and family dramas that doesn’t really tug the heart’s strings but still impacts emotionally, Vidyapati delivers it."<ref>{{cite news |title=Vidyapati Movie Review : This slapstick comedy works better as an emotional family drama |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movie-reviews/vidyapati/movie-review/120194640.cms |work=The Times of India |date=11 April 2025}}</ref> Y. Maheswara Reddy of ''[[Bangalore Mirror]]'' wrote, "''Vidyapati'' is the second movie for Esham and Hasheen after the film ''Ikkat''. Though they made Nagabhushana to play the lead in this movie, it was the incongruous script that failed to connect with the audiences."<ref name="BMR">{{cite news |title=Kannada Movie Review–Vidyapati (Kannada): It's all on Nagabhushana's shoulders - Bangalore Mirror |url=https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/reviews/kannada-movie-reviewvidyapati-kannada-its-all-on-nagabhushanas-shoulders/articleshow/120173558.cms |work=[[Bangalore Mirror]] |date=11 April 2025 |archive-date=11 April 2025 |access-date=20 April 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250411091729/https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/reviews/kannada-movie-reviewvidyapati-kannada-its-all-on-nagabhushanas-shoulders/amp_articleshow/120173558.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>

Pranati A. S. of ''[[Deccan Herald]]'' gave the film three out of five stars and wrote, "''Vidyapati'' is an enjoyable film despite its shortcomings–it picks broadstroke storytelling over manipulative storytelling."<ref>{{cite news |title=Vidyapati Movie Review: A Martial Arts Drama with a Heartfelt Message Under Dhananjaya's Banner |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/entertainment/vidyapati-movie-review-enjoyable-martial-arts-drama-under-dhananjayas-banner-3488582 |work=Deccan Herald |date=10 April 2025 |language=en |archive-date=11 April 2025 |access-date=20 April 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250411072646/https://www.deccanherald.com/entertainment/vidyapati-movie-review-enjoyable-martial-arts-drama-under-dhananjayas-banner-3488582 |url-status=live }}</ref> Prathibha Joy of ''[[OTTplay]]'' gave it three out of five stars and wrote, "Nagabhushana is firmly in the spotlight and the actor holds it together well, with a good blend of humour, emotions and some action too."<ref>{{cite news |title=Vidyapati review: Dhananjaya has fun as Miyagi to Nagabhushana's Karate Kid |url=https://www.ottplay.com/review/vidyapati-movie-review-daali-dhananjaya-has-fun-as-mr-miyagi-to-nagabhushanas-karate-kid/554c0bfbc5612 |work=OTTPlay |date=10 April 2025 |language=en |archive-date=10 April 2025 |access-date=20 April 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250410045353/https://www.ottplay.com/review/vidyapati-movie-review-daali-dhananjaya-has-fun-as-mr-miyagi-to-nagabhushanas-karate-kid/554c0bfbc5612 |url-status=live }}</ref> Vivek M. V. of ''[[The Hindu]]'' wrote, "''Vidyapati'' offers something for everyone without being an overdose of themes."<ref name="THR">{{cite news |last1=M. V. |first1=Vivek |title='Vidyapati' movie review: Nagabhushana gives his all in this simple underdog tale of resilience and self-discovery |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/vidyapati-movie-review-nagabhushana-dhananjaya-daali-pictures-esham-haseen-khan/article69438720.ece/ |work=The Hindu |date=11 April 2025 |language=en-IN |archive-date=12 April 2025 |access-date=20 April 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250412015258/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/vidyapati-movie-review-nagabhushana-dhananjaya-daali-pictures-esham-haseen-khan/article69438720.ece |url-status=live }}</ref>

Sanjay Ponnappa of ''[[India Today]]'' gave it two-and-a-half out of five stars and wrote, "The writer-director duo Esham and Haseen seem to have developed an entire screenplay based on an interesting one-liner but chose the most orthodox pattern to pen their proceedings. There is a lack of innovation in the presentation, which acts as a major drawback."<ref>{{cite news |title=Vidyapati review: Nagabhushana carries a shaky screenplay banking on emotions |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/reviews/story/vidyapati-movie-review-nagabhushana-carries-a-shaky-screenplay-banking-on-emotions-2706688-2025-04-10 |work=India Today |date=10 April 2025 |language=en |archive-date=2025-04-10 |access-date=2025-04-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250410223155/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/reviews/story/vidyapati-movie-review-nagabhushana-carries-a-shaky-screenplay-banking-on-emotions-2706688-2025-04-10 |url-status=live }}</ref> A. Sharadhaa of ''[[The New Indian Express]]'' wrote, "''Vidyapati'' offers quirky misadventures and light-hearted fun—with just enough bite to keep things meaningful. However, it is messy in parts, melodramatic, and sometimes bizarre—but that’s its charm."<ref>{{cite news |last1=A. |first1=Sharadhaa |title=Vidyapati movie review: A bizarre, biting rom-com with a beating heart |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/story/entertainment/kannada/2025/Apr/12/vidyapati-movie-review-a-bizarre-biting-rom-com-with-a-beating-heart |work=The New Indian Express |date=6 April 2025 |language=en}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title}}

[[Category:2025 Indian films]]
[[Category:2025 Kannada-language films]]
[[Category:2025 comedy-drama films]]
[[Category:2025 films]]
[[Category:Indian action comedy-drama films]]

Mal Adarsha Bidya Bhaban

2026-02-21T07:10:20Z

WernerStoate3: put up first info added tags

{{Unreliable sources|date=June 2016}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2017}}
{{Infobox school
| name = Mal Adarsha Bidya Bhaban
| native_name = মাল আদর্শ বিদ্যাভবন
| image =
| alt =
| caption =
| motto = শ্রদ্ধাবান লভ্যতে জ্ঞানম
| motto_translation = The persevering seeker secures wisdom
| address = NH31
| city = Mal Bazar
| state = [[West Bengal]]
| postal_code = 735221
| country = India
| coordinates = {{Coord|26.869005|N|88.7458288|E|region:IN-WB_type:edu|display=inline,title}}
| other_name = MABB
| former_name = 
| type = HIGHER SECONDARY CO EDUCATIONAL GOVT. SPONSORED SCHOOL
| religious_affiliation =
| established = {{Start date|1948}}
| founder =
| closed =
| school_board = WBBSE WBCHSE
| oversight =
| principal =
| staff =
| faculty =
| grades = 11-12
| gender =
| age_range =
| enrolment =
| language = Bengali
| campus_size =
| campus_type =
| colours =
| teams = 
| accreditation = 
| publication =
| newspaper =
| yearbook =
| affiliation =  GOVERNMENT OF WEST BENGAL SCHOOL EDUCATION DEPT.
| website =
| footnotes =
}}

'''Mal Adarsha Bidya Bhaban''' is a [[co-education]]al higher secondary school at [[Malbazar subdivision]], in [[Jalpaiguri district]], [[West Bengal]], [[India]].

==History==
Mal Adarsha Bidya Bhaban, established in 1948, is one of the oldest schools in Malbazar subdivision of Jalpaiguri district, situated in the Indian state of West Bengal. It is a co educational government sponsored higher secondary school. The school was established on 23 January 1948 at the present location with limited resources. Initially the sergeants quarters of British rulers were used as school premises.

==Campus==
It is situated beside NH 31C, [[Malbazar]], district Jalpaiguri.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.google.com/maps/place/Mal+Adarsha+Bidya+Bhaban/@26.869005,88.7441873,17z/data=!4m5!3m4!1s0x39e40bcc68a6a4f3:0x8f25e4ad4102fd9b!8m2!3d26.869005!4d88.746376?hl=en_uk |title=Google Maps |website=Google.com |date= |accessdate=2016-06-14}}</ref>

==Academics==
The school offers education from class V to class XII. It is a multipurpose school with three streams : [[Science]], [[Humanities]] and [[Commerce]].<ref name=findthebest>{{cite web|author=Mal Adarsha |url=http://schools.findthebest.in/l/99434/Mal-AdarshA-Bidya-bhaban-in-Jalpaiguri-West-Bengal |title=Mal AdarshA. Bidya bhaban School in Jalpaiguri, West Bengal |website=Schools.findthebest.in |date= |accessdate=2016-06-14}}</ref>

It is the only school in Western Dooars with Science, Humanities and Commerce stream together. The co-ed school about 1600 enrolled. The faculty membership is about 40. The student teacher ratio is about 40 : 1. There are 40 classrooms and 7 laboratories in the school campus.<ref name=findthebest/>

The school is affiliated to the [[West Bengal Board of Secondary Education]] and the [[West Bengal Council of Higher Secondary Education]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.wbsed.gov.in/wbsed/default.html |title=Welcome to the Home Page of Department of School Education, Govt of West Bengal |website=Wbsed.gov.in |date= |accessdate=2016-06-14 |archive-date=8 June 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170608103405/http://www.wbsed.gov.in/wbsed/default.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>

==Co curricular activities==
The school regularly represents in various sporting events at zonal, district and state levels.

==See also==
*[[Education in India]]
*[[List of schools in India]]
*[[Education in West Bengal]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==

{{Portal bar|School|Education}}

[[Category:Co-educational schools in India]]
[[Category:Schools in Jalpaiguri district]]
[[Category:1948 establishments in West Bengal]]
[[Category:Educational institutions established in 1948]]

Sepfüzou Ward

2026-01-23T06:18:43Z

WernerStoate3: new new details

{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2023}}
{{Infobox settlement

| name = Sepfüzou Ward
| other_name =
| settlement_type = [[Ward (electoral subdivision)|Ward]] under [[Kohima]]
| established_title = Incorporated
| established_date =
| image_skyline =
| imagesize =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| image_map =
| mapsize =
| map_alt =
| map_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Nagaland
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Nagaland, India
| coordinates = {{coord|25.681551|N|94.102405|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Nagaland]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of urban centres in Nagaland|City]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Kohima]]
| parts_type =
| parts_style = para
| p1 =
| government_type =
| leader_title = Chairman
| leader_name =
| area_footnotes =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_footnotes =
| population_total =
| population_as_of =
| population_density_km2 =
| blank_name_sec1 =
| blank_info_sec1 =
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| footnotes =
}}

'''Sepfüzou Ward''' is a ward located under [[Nagaland]]'s capital city, [[Kohima]]. The ward falls under the designated Ward No. 2 of the [[Kohima Municipal Council]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://kmc.nagaland.gov.in/map.html|title=Map of Kohima/ wards and colonies|publisher=[[Kohima Municipal Council]]|access-date=1 December 2021|archive-date=28 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210728210828/https://kmc.nagaland.gov.in/map.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Education==
'''Educational Institutions in Sepfüzou Ward:'''<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://study4sure.com/institutes/schools/nagaland/kohima/school.php?place=Ward%202%20-%20Bayavu%20Colony%20Ward|title=Schools in Ward 2|date=10 May 2018|website=Study 4 Sure|access-date=2 December 2021}}</ref>

=== Colleges ===
* [[Alder College]]

=== Schools ===
* Sepfüzou Government Primary School

==See also==
* [[Municipal Wards of Kohima]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://kmc.nagaland.gov.in/map2.html Map of Kohima Ward No. 2]

[[Category:Kohima]]
[[Category:Wards of Kohima]]

{{India-geo-stub}}

Lohara, Nalanda

2026-01-21T09:30:33Z

WernerStoate3: adjusted formatting per standard format and fixed typos

{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2019}}
'''Lohara''' is a [[panchayat village]]<ref>2011 Census Village Panchayat Code = 5586, {{Cite web|title=Reports of National Panchayat Directory: Village Panchayat Names of Harnaut, Nalanda, Bihar|publisher=Ministry of Panchayati Raj, Government of India|url=http://panchayatdirectory.gov.in/adminreps/viewpansumSQL.asp?selstate=1901&parenttype=B&ptype=V|access-date=2 May 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130502072019/http://panchayatdirectory.gov.in/adminreps/viewpansumSQL.asp?selstate=1901&parenttype=B&ptype=V|archive-date=2 May 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref> in [[Harnaut Tehsil]], [[Nalanda District]], in the state of [[Bihar]], India.<ref>2001 Census Village Code for Lohara, Nalanda = 2839000, {{Cite web|title=List of Villages by Alphabetical: Bijar: L|page=38|publisher=Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India|url=http://censusindia.gov.in/Census_Data_2001/Village_Directory/List_of_Villages/List_of_Villages_Alphabetical.aspx?cki=&State_Code=10&SearchKey=L}}</ref> Lohara is located 6.5 km by road east of [[Harnaut]], the tehsil headquarters, and 28 km by road north of [[Bihar Sharif]].

There are four villages in the Lohara [[gram panchayat]]: '''Lohara''', Kichni, Patasia, and Phalhanwan.<ref>2011 Census Village Code for Lohara = 244198, {{Cite web|title=Reports of National Panchayat Directory: List of Census Villages mapped for: Lohara Gram Panchayat, Harnaut, Nalanda, Bihar|publisher=Ministry of Panchayati Raj, Government of India|url=http://panchayatdirectory.gov.in/adminreps/viewGPmapcvills.asp?gpcode=95586&rlbtype=V|access-date=2 May 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130502072032/http://panchayatdirectory.gov.in/adminreps/viewGPmapcvills.asp?gpcode=95586&rlbtype=V|archive-date=2 May 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Demographics==
In the 2001 India census, the village of Lohara had a population of 3,425 with 1,801 males (52.6%) and 1,624 females (47.4%), for a gender ratio of 902 females per thousand males.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Census 2001 Population Finder: Bihar: Nalanda: Harnaut: Lohara|publisher=Office of The Registrar General & Census Commissioner, Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India|url=http://censusindia.gov.in/PopulationFinder/Population_Finder.aspx|access-date=2 May 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131005084213/http://censusindia.gov.in/PopulationFinder/Population_Finder.aspx|archive-date=5 October 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Notes==
{{Reflist}}
{{-}}

{{Coord|25|21|16|N|85|34|18|E|display=title}}
{{Nalanda district}}

[[Category:Villages in Nalanda district]]

{{Nalanda-geo-stub}}

Gurua (community development block)

2026-01-20T22:09:51Z

WernerStoate3: starting new data

{{Short description|Community development block in Gaya district, Bihar, India}}
{{More citations needed|date=September 2016}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2018}}

{{Infobox settlement
| name = Gurua
| other_name = 
| settlement_type = Community
| image_skyline = Gurua surya mandir..jpg
| image_alt =
| image_caption = Gurua surya mandir
| pushpin_map = India Bihar
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Bihar, India
| coordinates = {{coord|24.668643|N|84.772342|E|display=inline,title}}<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.fallingrain.com/world/IN/38/gaya.html |title=Gaya, India Page |publisher=fallingrain.com |accessdate=23 December 2015 }}{{Dead link|date=January 2020 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Bihar]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[districts of Bihar|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Gaya district|Gaya]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[Community development block in India|CD block]]
| subdivision_name3 = Gurua
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder = mvicky chandra
| named_for =
| government_type = Bihar Govt.
| governing_body = Legislative Assembly of Bihar
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 = 236.24
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 184286
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| leader_title = [[Member of Legislative Assembly (India)|MLA]]
| leader_name = [[vinay yadav]]
| leader_party = [[Rashtriya Janata Dal|RJD]]
| leader_name1 =
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 824205(Gurua)
| area_code_type = Telephone/STD code
| area_code = +91631
| registration_plate = BR 02
| blank1_name_sec1 = [[Lok Sabha]] constituency
| blank1_info_sec1 = [[Aurangabad, Bihar|Aurangabad]]
| blank2_name_sec1 = [[Vidhan Sabha]] constituency
| blank2_info_sec1 = Gurua
| website = {{URL|gaya.nic.in/}} {{URL|www.facebook.com/guruacity/}}
| official_name = Gurua
}}

'''Gurua''' is a [[Community development block in India|community development block]] that forms an administrative division in [[Gaya district]], [[Bihar]] [[States and territories of India|state]], [[India]]. Situated in rural/urban area of Bihar, it is one of the 24 blocks of Gaya district. The block (#486) has 175 villages and 29,938{{when|date=November 2023}} families. As per 2011 census, Gurua's population is 184,286, 94,987 are which males and 892,99 of which are females. This block has 34,095 children (17,388 boys and 16,707 girls) under age 6. Gurua's literacy rate is 52%, with males (60%) having a higher rate of literacy than females (43%).{{citation needed|date=November 2023}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Community development blocks in Gaya district]]

{{Gaya-geo-stub}}

Sundar Raj

2026-01-13T04:28:49Z

WernerStoate3: new new article

{{Short description|Indian actor}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2020}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Sundar Raj
| image = Sundar Raj 01.jpg
| caption = Sundar Raj in 2022
| birth_date =
| occupation = Actor
| imagesize =
| birth_place =[[Srirangam]], [[Tamil Nadu]], India
| othername =
| spouse = [[Pramila Joshai]]
| children = [[Meghana Raj]]
| years_active=1967–present
}}

'''Sundar Raj''' is an Indian actor who works predominantly in the [[Kannada film industry]], apart from a few [[Tamil films]]. Some of his notable films include ''Tabbaliyu Neenade Magane'', ''Ondanondu Kaladalli'', ''Chandanada Gombe'', ''[[Kurigalu Saar Kurigalu]]'' (2001), ''[[Mathadana]]'' (2001), and ''[[Aakasmika]]'' (1993).

== Early life ==
Originally from [[Srirangam]], [[Tamil Nadu]], Sundar Raj moved with his family to [[Bangalore]] when he was three years old.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/entertainment/sundar-raj-my-passion-for-acting-keeps-me-going-889625.html|title=Sundar Raj: My passion for acting keeps me going|first=Vivek M.|last=V|website=Deccan Herald}}</ref>

==Career==
Raj had his first acting role in 1967 in ''[[Immadi Pulikeshi (film)|Immadi Pulikeshi]]'',<ref name=book>{{cite web | title=Sundar Raj | website=BookMyShow | date=27 May 2025 | url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/person/sundar-raj/3932 | access-date=27 May 2025}}</ref> going on to act in many films, mainly in [[Kannada]].<ref>{{cite web |title= Director Nagabharana's Films are of Universal Character : Actor Sundar Raj |url= http://www.bangalorefirst.in/?p=14490 |website= bangalorefirst.in |url-status= live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20180225064923/http://www.bangalorefirst.in/?p=14490 |archive-date= 2018-02-25 }}</ref>

He has also served as the Secretary of the Kannada Film Artist Association.<ref>{{cite web |title= Payment blues in Sandalwood |url= http://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/bangalore/others/payment-blues-in-sandalwood/articleshow/22349790.cms |publisher= [[Times of India]] |url-status= live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20180224234146/http://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/bangalore/others/payment-blues-in-sandalwood/articleshow/22349790.cms |archive-date= 2018-02-24 |df= }}</ref>

==Personal life==
Sundar Raj is married to actress [[Pramila Joshai]]. Their daughter [[Meghana Raj]] is also an actress,<ref>{{cite web |title= Kannada actors Chiranjeevi Sarja and Meghana Raj to get engaged? |url= https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/celebrities/story/actors-chiranjeevi-sarja-and-meghana-raj-to-get-engaged-1062520-2017-10-11 |website= indiatoday.in |date= 11 October 2017 |url-status= live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20180224173551/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/celebrities/story/actors-chiranjeevi-sarja-and-meghana-raj-to-get-engaged-1062520-2017-10-11 |archive-date= 24 February 2018 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title= Chiranjeevi Sarja, Meghana Raj to formalize their decade-old relationship |url= https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/chiranjeevi-sarja-meghana-raj-to-formalize-their-decade-old-relationship/articleshow/61020207.cms |newspaper= timesofindia.indiatimes.com |date= 11 October 2017 |url-status= live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20180224232643/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/chiranjeevi-sarja-meghana-raj-to-formalize-their-decade-old-relationship/articleshow/61020207.cms |archive-date= 24 February 2018 }}</ref> who has worked mostly in [[Malayalam cinema|Malayalam]] films.<ref>{{cite news |title= I would love to marry someone from the industry: Meghana Raj |url= https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/I-would-love-to-marry-someone-from-the-industry-Meghana-Raj/articleshow/21334067.cms |newspaper= [[Times of India]]|date= 26 July 2013 |url-status= live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170803182908/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/I-would-love-to-marry-someone-from-the-industry-Meghana-Raj/articleshow/21334067.cms |archive-date= 3 August 2017 }}</ref>

==Selected filmography==
===Kannada===
{{div col|colwidth=22em}}
* ''[[Kaadu (1973 Kannada film)|Kaadu]]'' (1973)...Kencha
* ''[[Chomana Dudi]]'' (1975)...Gurava
* ''[[Tabbaliyu Neenade Magane]]'' (1977)...Yengta
* ''[[Thappu Thalangal]]'' (1978)...Soma
* ''[[Ondanondu Kaladalli]]'' (1979)
* ''[[Chandanada Gombe]]'' (1979)...Raghavendra
* ''[[Bangarada Jinke]]'' (1980)...Peter
* ''[[Nanna Devaru]]'' (1982)
* ''[[Benkiyalli Aralida Hoovu]]'' (1983)...Chandrashekhar
* ''Premave Balina Belaku'' (1983)...Sundar
* ''[[Banker Margayya]]'' (1983)...Balu
* ''[[Onde Raktha]]'' (1984)
* ''[[Kalinga Sarpa]]'' (1984)...Rajesh
* ''[[Savira Sullu]]'' (1985)
* ''Trishula'' (1985)...Inspector Purushotham
* ''[[List of Kannada films of 1986|Samsarada Guttu]]'' (1986)
* ''[[Ondu Muttina Kathe]]'' (1987)...Dhooma
* ''[[List of Kannada films of 1987|Bhadrakali]]'' (1987)
* ''[[Digvijaya (film)|Digvijaya]]'' (1987)...Vijay
* ''[[Kindari Jogi]]'' (1989)...Deva
* ''[[Gagana (film)|Gagana]]'' (1989)
* ''Udbhava'' (1990)...Nanjunda
* ''Mana Gedda Maga'' (1992)
* ''Bhagavan Sri Saibaba'' (1993)...Dasaganu
* ''[[List of Kannada films of 1994|Vijaya Kranthi]]'' (1993)
* ''[[List of Kannada films of 1994|Nyayakkagi Saval]]'' (1994)
* ''[[Kotreshi Kanasu]]'' (1994)
* ''[[Diggajaru]]'' (2001)...Lekkachara
* ''[[Kurigalu Saar Kurigalu]]'' (2001)...Sundar
* ''[[Pakka Chukka]]'' (2003)...Sundru
* ''[[List of Kannada films of 2005#July – December|Samarasimha Nayka]]'' (2005)
* ''[[Ravana (film)|Ravana]]'' (2009)
* ''[[Krishna Nee Late Aagi Baaro]]'' (2010)...Mukunda Iyengar
* ''[[Aatagara]]'' (2015)
* ''[[Rocket (film)|Rocket]]'' (2015)...Dr. Sundar
* ''[[Style King]]'' (2016)...Sundar
* ''[[College Kumar (2017 film)|College Kumar]]'' (2017)<ref name=book/>
* ''[[Lucky Man (2022 film)|Lucky Man]]'' (2022)...Arjun's father
* ''[[Selfie Mummy Googl Daddy]]'' (2022)
* ''[[Case of Kondana]]'' (2024)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/entertainment/gripping-thriller-with-intense-performances-2866825|title=Case of Kondana review: Gripping thriller with intense performances|first=Sujay B.|last=M|website=Deccan Herald}}</ref>
* ''[[Laughing Buddha (film)|Laughing Buddha]]'' (2024)<ref>{{cite news |title=Pramod Shetty’s Laughing Buddha gets a new release date |url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/pramod-shettys-laughing-buddha-gets-a-new-release-date/36badc83fb696 |access-date=25 August 2024 |work=www.ottplay.com}}</ref>
* ''[[Amruthamathi]]'' (2025).....Yashouga{{div col end}}
===Tamil===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year
! Title
! Role
! Notes
|-
| 1978 || ''[[Thappu Thalangal]]'' || Soma || rowspan="2" | credited as Sundar
|-
| 1979 || ''[[Uthiripookkal]]'' || Prakash
|-
| rowspan="2"|1980 || ''[[Kaali (1980 film)|Kaali]]'' || Rajaram's son ||
|-
| ''[[Gramathu Athiyayam]]'' || || rowspan="3" | credited as Sundar
|-
| 1981 || ''[[Karaiyellam Shenbagapoo]]'' || Marathamuthu
|-
| 1987 || ''[[Vanna Kanavugal]]'' ||
|-
| 2003 || ''[[Jay Jay]]'' || Politician ||
|-
| 2023 || ''[[Maruthi Nagar Police Station]]'' || ||
|}

===Telugu===
* ''[[Kaali (1980 film)|Kaali]]'' (1980)

==See also==
{{Portal|India|Bollywood}}
*[[List of people from Karnataka]]
*[[Kannada cinema|Cinema of Karnataka]]
*[[List of Indian film actors]]
*[[Cinema of India]]
{{Clear}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{IMDb name|1127629|Sundar Raj}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Raj, Sundar}}
[[Category:Male actors in Kannada cinema]]
[[Category:Indian male film actors]]
[[Category:Male actors from Karnataka]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian male actors]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian male actors]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Tamil people]]
[[Category:Male actors in Tamil cinema]]

Biswa Bangla Sarani

2026-01-11T17:37:24Z

WernerStoate3: expanded formatting to improve readability for consistency

{{short description|Major arterial road in Kolkata, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2018}}
{{More citations needed|date=January 2026}}
{{Primary sources|date=January 2026}}
{{Infobox road
| country = IND
| type = [[National Highway (India)|National Highway]]
| route =
| image = Major Arterial Road - Rajarhat 7499.JPG
| map = {{Maplink|frame=yes|plain=yes|type=line|stroke-width=3|id=|title=National Highway 12 - Biswa Bangla Sarani}}
| map_custom = yes
| map_notes = NH12 highlighted in red
| length_mi =
| length_km = 33
| length_round =
| length_ref =
| established =
| direction_a = North
| terminus_a = [[Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose International Airport| NSCBI Airport]]
| junction = [[Kolkata Airport]]-[[Kaikhali]]-Haldiram ([[Teghoria]])-[[New Town, Kolkata|New Town]]-[[Bidhannagar|Salt Lake]]-Chingrighata-[[Dhapa, India|Dhapa]]-[[Science City Kolkata|Science City]]-VIP Bazar-Ruby-Kalikapur-[[Mukundapur, Kolkata|Mukundapur]]-[[Ajoy Nagar]]-[[Baishnabghata Patuli Township|Patuli]]-[[Dhalai Bridge|Garia Dhalai Bridge]]-[[Kamalgazi|Garia Kamalgazi]]
| direction_b = South
| terminus_b = [[Kamalgazi|Garia Kamalgazi]]
| previous_type =
| previous_route =
| next_type =
| next_route =
| states = [[West Bengal]]
| cities = [[Kolkata]]
}}

'''Biswa Bangla Sarani''' is a 33 km long road in [[Kolkata Metropolitan Area]], India. It starts from [[Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose International Airport]] and ends at [[Kamalgazi|Garia Kamalgazi]].<ref>{{cite news|title= Biswa Bangla Sarani (New Town) - Picture of Kolkata|url=https://www.tripadvisor.com/LocationPhotoDirectLink-g304558-i225829449-Kolkata_Calcutta_West_Bengal.html}}</ref> The road passes through [[Kaikhali]], Haldiram ([[Teghoria]]), [[New Town, Kolkata|New Town]], [[Bidhannagar|Salt Lake]], Chingrighata, [[Dhapa, India|Dhapa]], [[Science City Kolkata|Science City]], VIP Bazar, Ruby, Kalikapur, [[Mukundapur, Kolkata|Mukundapur]], [[Ajoy Nagar]], [[Patuli, Kolkata|Patuli]], [[Briji]] and ends in [[Kamalgazi|Garia Kamalgazi]]. This road is known by different names in different parts of its way.<ref>{{cite news |title=Biswa Bangla Sarani|url=http://maamatimanush.tv/articles.php?aid=852}}</ref> This road connects the [[Garia]] area of [[South Kolkata]] with [[Kolkata Airport]] easily through Salt Lake and New Town. The length of the road is approximately 33 kilometers. The road is of 6 lanes in [[New Town, Kolkata|New Town]] part and the bypass is of 4 lanes. Efforts are being made to upgrade the part of bypass into 8 lanes.

==The main junction==
[[Kolkata Airport]]-Haldirams-[[Chinar Park metro station|Chinar Park]]-City Centre 2-Shrachi More-Akankha More-[[Eco Park, New Town|Eco Park]]-Owl More-Westin Signal-Biswa Bangla Gate-[[New Town, Kolkata|New Town]]-[[Bidhannagar|Salt Lake Sector V]]-Chingrighata-[[Science City Kolkata|Science City]]-Ruby-[[Mukundapur, Kolkata|Mukundapur]]-[[Dhalai Bridge|Garia Dhalai Bridge]]-[[Kamalgazi|Garia Kamalgazi]].

== References ==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Roads in Kolkata]]
[[Category:New Town, Kolkata]]

{{India-road-stub}}

Anisa Butt

2026-01-03T00:06:33Z

WernerStoate3: general added section and updated info per standard format

{{Short description|British actress}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2016}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2022}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Anisa Butt
| image = Anisa Butt snapped at the launch of the salon A’ Kreations (09) (cropped).jpg
| alt = Anisa Butt
| caption = Anisa at the launch of salon A' Kreations
| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1993|1|18}}
| birth_place = [[London]], England
| alma_mater = [[University of London]]
| occupation = Actress
| years_active = 2010–present
| known_for = [[Ishaan: Sapno Ko Awaaz De]]
}}

'''Anisa Butt''' (born 18 January 1993) is a British television and film actress who works in Indian television and cinema. She started her career as a child artist in the television show ''[[Ishaan: Sapno Ko Awaaz De]]'', which aired on [[Disney Channel India]]. She made her film debut in Shuja Ali's movie ''[[Baat Bann Gayi]]''.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.afternoondc.in/bollywood/london-girl-anisa-butt-debuts-in-baat-bann-gayi/article_89152 |title=London girl Anisa Butt debuts in 'Baat Bann Gayi' |access-date=6 October 2013 |archive-date=21 August 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160821193743/http://www.afternoondc.in/bollywood/london-girl-anisa-butt-debuts-in-baat-bann-gayi/article_89152 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.moviereviewpreview.com/exclusive-interview-disneys-child-artist-anisa-debut-baat-bann-gayi/13456/ |title=Exclusive Interview: Disney's Child artist Anisa to debut with Baat Bann Gayi |first=Sonal |last=Mahendroo |date=9 October 2013 |access-date=11 October 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131012053221/http://www.moviereviewpreview.com/exclusive-interview-disneys-child-artist-anisa-debut-baat-bann-gayi/13456/ |archive-date=12 October 2013 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

== Early life ==
Anisa Butt was born in [[London, England]] into an [[British Indians|Indian]] [[Kashmiri diaspora#United Kingdom|Kashmiri]] [[Islam in the United Kingdom|Muslim]] family. Anisa graduated from [[University of London]] with a B.A. in Drama (Performance). She is a self-taught dancer and has performed dance and drama at the Royal Albert hall. She has also attended Kevin Spacey's workshop at The Old Vic theater.

== Career ==

In 2010, Anisa started her career with [[Disney Channel India]]'s show ''[[Ishaan: Sapno Ko Awaaz De]]'' as Shyla. In 2011, she made a cameo appearance in ''[[Zindagi Na Milegi Dobara]]'' as Tanya. She was spotted with [[Shah Rukh Khan|Shahrukh Khan]] in an advertisement for ''Navratna Seeti Bajao'', directed by [[Rajkumar Hirani]].

In 2013, she has made a small appearance in ''[[Yeh Jawaani Hai Deewani]]'' with [[Ranbir Kapoor]] and [[Deepika Padukone]] in the lead roles. She made her film debut with ''[[Baat Bann Gayi]]'' in the lead role opposite [[Ali Fazal]]. The film also co-starred [[Gulshan Grover]] and [[Amrita Raichand]] and was released on 11 October 2013.

In 2017, she had made a small appearance in ''[[Half Girlfriend (film)|Half Girlfriend]]'' with [[Arjun Kapoor]] and [[Shraddha Kapoor]] in the lead roles.

== Filmography ==

=== Films and TV Shows===
{| class="wikitable sortable"

! Year !! Title !! Role !! Notes
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2010 || ''[[Ishaan: Sapno Ko Awaaz De]]'' || Shyla|| Child Actress
|-
| ''[[Jhoota Hi Sahi]]'' || Kabir's girlfriend Bhavna||
|-
| 2011 || ''[[Zindagi Na Milegi Dobara]]'' || Tanya || Kalki Koechlin's (Natasha) sister
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2013 || ''[[Yeh Jawaani Hai Deewani]]'' || Preeti || Lara's Friend
|-
| ''[[Baat Bann Gayi]]'' || Rachna ||
|-
|2016
|''[[Brahman Naman]]''
|Anita
|Ronnie's girlfriend
|-
| 2017 || ''[[Half Girlfriend (film)|Half Girlfriend]]'' || Rutvi || Madhav's friends wife
|-
| 2019 || ''Yumbarzallo''
|
|''Music video by Zee Music. Singer Yawar Abdal''
|}

=== Web series ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Year
!Title
!Role
!Platform
!Notes
|-
|2019
|''[[The Verdict - State vs Nanavati]]''
|Sheetal
|ALTBalaji and [[List of ZEE5 original web series|ZEE5]]
|{{Citation needed|date=July 2023}}
|-
|2019
|''[[BOSS: Baap of Special Services]]''
|Tanya
|[[ALT Balaji]]
|
|-
|2020
|''[[Code M]]''
|Gayatri Chauhan
|ALTBalaji and ZEE5
|{{Citation needed|date=July 2023}}
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
* {{IMDb name|3442808}}
* {{Bollywood Hungama person|anisa-butt}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Butt, Anisa}}
[[Category:1993 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:English film actresses]]
[[Category:English television actresses]]
[[Category:English web series actresses]]
[[Category:British people of Kashmiri descent]]
[[Category:British Muslims]]
[[Category:English people of Indian descent]]
[[Category:English people of Kashmiri descent]]
[[Category:English Muslims]]
[[Category:British expatriate actresses in India]]
[[Category:English expatriates in India]]
[[Category:Actresses from London]]
[[Category:Alumni of the University of London]]
[[Category:British child actresses]]
[[Category:Actresses in Hindi cinema]]
[[Category:21st-century English actresses]]

Datta Narayan Patil

2025-12-28T13:38:37Z

WernerStoate3: creating new details w/ infobox

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2024}}
'''Datta Narayan Patil''' (also known as '''Dattatray Patil''') was an [[Indian politician]] who served as 11th [[Leader of the Opposition in the Maharashtra Legislative Assembly]] two times from 27 November 1987 to 22 December 1988 and 20 October 1989 to 3 March 1990.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Leader of Opposition |url=http://mls.org.in/pdf2020/list/Leader%20of%20opposition%20Assembly%20list.pdf |website=Maharastra Legislative |language=mr}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=MAHARASHTRA LEGISLATURE, MUMBAI |url=https://legislativebodiesinindia.nic.in/STATISTICAL/Maharashtra.pdf |website=Legislative Bodies in India}}</ref>

== Personal life ==
He died in 2011 at the age of 84.<ref>{{Cite web |title=विधानसभेचे माजी विरोधीपक्ष नेते दत्ता पाटील यांचे निधन |url=https://divyamarathi.bhaskar.com/news/MAH-KON-THA-maharashtra-state-assembly-ex-opposition-leader-datta-patil-alibag-2383982.html |website=Divya Bhaskar |language=mr}}</ref> His niece [[Meenakshi Patil]] served as [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|Member of the Legislative Assembly]] from [[Alibag Assembly constituency]].<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |title=Former Maharashtra Opposition leader Dattatrey Patil passes away |url=https://www.netindian.in/news/people/former-maharashtra-opposition-leader-dattatrey-patil-passes-away |access-date=2022-11-21 |website=NetIndian |language=en}}</ref>

== Electoral performance ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Election !! Constituency !! colspan="2"|Party !! Result !! Votes % !! Opposition Candidate !! colspan="2"|Opposition Party !! Opposition vote %|| Ref
|-
|[[1995 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1995]]||[[Alibag Assembly constituency|Alibag]]||{{party name with color|Independent politician}}||{{Lost}}||1.50%||[[Meenakshi Patil]]||{{party name with color|Peasants and Workers Party of India}}||45.03%||<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1995 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1995/StatisticalReport-MH95.pdf|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120117121534/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1995/StatisticalReport-MH95.pdf |archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>
|-
|[[1985 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1985]]||[[Alibag Assembly constituency|Alibag]]||{{party name with color|Peasants and Workers Party of India}}||{{Won}}||71.08%||A. G. (Ravi) Patil||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||28.92%||<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1985 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1985/Statistical%20Report%20Maharashtra%201985.pdf |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120117075119/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1985/Statistical%20Report%20Maharashtra%201985.pdf |archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>
|-
|[[1978 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1978]]||[[Alibag Assembly constituency|Alibag]]||{{party name with color|Peasants and Workers Party of India}}||{{Won}}||48.22%||Khanvilkar Datajirao Krishnanarao||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||29.97%||<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1978 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1978/Statistical%20Report%201978%20Maharashtra.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170629182050/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1978/Statistical%20Report%201978%20Maharashtra.pdf|archive-date=29 June 2017|format=pdf}}</ref>
|-
|[[1967 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1967]]||[[Alibag Assembly constituency|Alibag]]||{{party name with color|Peasants and Workers Party of India}}||{{Won}}||50.65%||Khanvilkar Datajirao Krishnanarao||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||45.23%||<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1967 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=https://www.eci.nic.in/eci_main/statisticalreports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Maharashtra%201967.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180926233227/https://www.eci.nic.in/eci_main/statisticalreports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Maharashtra%201967.pdf|archive-date=26 September 2018|format=pdf}}</ref>
|-
|[[1962 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1962]]||[[Alibag Assembly constituency|Alibag]]||{{party name with color|Peasants and Workers Party of India}}||{{Lost}}||36.98%||Khanvilkar Datajirao Krishnanarao||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||51.41%||<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1962 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_Maharastra_1962.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120117085627/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_Maharastra_1962.pdf|archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>
|-
|[[1957 Bombay State Legislative Assembly election|1957]]||[[Alibag Assembly constituency|Alibag]]||{{party name with color|Peasants and Workers Party of India}}||{{Won}}||67.08%||Bhide Manorambal Purushottam||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||32.92%||<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1957 to the Legislative Assembly of Bombay |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1957/StatRep_Bombay_1957.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120114093455/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1957/StatRep_Bombay_1957.pdf|archive-date=14 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>
|}

== References ==
<references />

[[Category:Leaders of the opposition in the Maharashtra Legislative Assembly]]
[[Category:2011 deaths]]
[[Category:Bombay State MLAs 1957–1960]]
[[Category:Maharashtra MLAs 1967–1972]]
[[Category:Maharashtra MLAs 1972–1978]]
[[Category:Maharashtra MLAs 1978–1980]]
[[Category:Maharashtra MLAs 1980–1985]]
[[Category:Maharashtra MLAs 1985–1990]]
[[Category:Maharashtra MLAs 1990–1995]]

{{Maharashtra-politician-stub}}

Chorode

2025-12-15T18:42:48Z

WernerStoate3:

{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Chorode
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = village
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Kerala#India
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Kerala, India
| coordinates = {{coord|11.636560|N|75.582130|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Kerala]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Kozhikode district|Kozhikode]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 38245
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Malayalam language|Malayalam]], [[English language|English]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 673106
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| area_code = 0496
| registration_plate = KL-
| blank1_name_sec1 = Nearest city
| blank1_info_sec1 = Vatakara
| blank2_name_sec1 = Literacy
| blank2_info_sec1 = 100%
| blank3_name_sec1 = [[Lok Sabha]] constituency
| blank3_info_sec1 = Vatakara
| blank4_name_sec1 = [[Vidhan Sabha]] constituency
| blank4_info_sec1 = Vatakara
| blank1_name_sec2 = [[Climate of India|Climate]]
| blank1_info_sec2 = [[Climatic regions of India|good]] ([[Köppen climate classification|Köppen]])
| website =
| footnotes =
}}

''' Chorode ''' is a village in [[Kozhikode district]] in the state of [[Kerala]], [[India]].<ref name="censusindia">{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/Census_Data_2001/Village_Directory/Population_data/Population_5000_and_Above.aspx |title=Census of India : Villages with population 5000 & above |publisher=Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India |access-date=2008-12-10 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081208044522/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/Census_Data_2001/Village_Directory/Population_data/Population_5000_and_Above.aspx |archive-date=2008-12-08 }}</ref>

==Demographics==
{{As of|2011}} India [[census]], Chorode had a population of 38,245, with 17,918 males and 20,327 females.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Chorode Census Town City Population Census 2011-2025 {{!}} Kerala |url=https://www.census2011.co.in/data/town/627361-chorode-kerala.html |access-date=2025-12-15 |website=www.census2011.co.in}}</ref><ref name="censusindia" /> It is located nearly 3 km from [[Vatakara]] town in [[Kozhikode]] district and approximately 18 km from [[Thalassery]] town.

==Transportation==
National Highway 17 (NH-17) passes through Chorode. There is an overbridge built for the road at its intersection with the railway track.

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Kozhikode district}}

[[Category:Vatakara area]]

{{Kozhikode-geo-stub}}

Dizengoff Center suicide bombing

2025-12-14T10:04:35Z

WernerStoate3: reworked formatting also and corrected details as per guidelines

{{Short description|1996 terrorist attack in Tel Aviv, Israel}}
{{pp-extended|small=yes}}
{{Infobox terrorist attack
| title = Dizengoff Center suicide bombing
| image = Dizengoff Center suicide bombing, 1996 I Dan Hadani Archive.jpg
| caption = The mall after the bombing
| location = [[Tel Aviv]], [[Israel]]
| target = [[Dizengoff Center]]
| date = {{start date and age|1996|03|04}}
| native_name = הפיגוע בדיזנגוף סנטר
| native_name_lang = he
| coordinates = {{Coord|32|04|34|N|34|46|29|E|type:event_region:IL|display=inline,title}}
| time = {{Circa}} 4:00 pm
| time-begin =
| time-end =
| timezone = [[Greenwich Mean Time|GMT]]+2
| type = [[Suicide bomber]]
| weapon = [[Suicide vest]]
| fatalities = 14 (including the perpetrator)
| injuries = 125
| perps =
| perpetrator = [[Hamas]]
| numpart = 1
}}

The '''Dizengoff Center suicide bombing''' was a [[Palestinian suicide attacks|Palestinian suicide terrorist attack]] which took place on March 4, 1996, on the eve of the Jewish holiday of [[Purim]]. The [[suicide bomber]] blew himself up outside [[Dizengoff Center]] in downtown [[Tel Aviv]], killing 13 Israelis<ref name="mfa1">{{cite web|url=http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/Terrorism-%20Obstacle%20to%20Peace/Palestinian%20terror%20since%202000/Suicide%20and%20Other%20Bombing%20Attacks%20in%20Israel%20Since|title=Suicide and Other Bombing Attacks in Israel Since the Declaration of Principles (Sept 1993)|publisher=Israeli Ministry of Foreign Affairs|access-date=20 May 2010|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100403224249/http://www.mfa.gov.il/mfa/terrorism-%20obstacle%20to%20peace/palestinian%20terror%20since%202000/Suicide%20and%20Other%20Bombing%20Attacks%20in%20Israel%20Since|archive-date=3 April 2010}}</ref> and wounding 130 more. The terrorist attack was the fourth suicide bombing in Israel in nine days, bringing the death toll during that span to over 60.<ref name="nyt">{{cite news |author=Serge |first=Schmemann |date=5 March 2010 |title=Bombing in Israel:The Overview;4th Terror Blast in Israel Kills 14 at Mall in Tel Aviv; Nine-Day Toll Grows to 61 |newspaper=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1996/03/05/world/bombing-israel-overview-4th-terror-blast-israel-kills-14-mall-tel-aviv-nine-day.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230329103851/https://www.nytimes.com/1996/03/05/world/bombing-israel-overview-4th-terror-blast-israel-kills-14-mall-tel-aviv-nine-day.html |archive-date=29 March 2023}}</ref>

== Background ==
After the [[Shin Bet]] assassinated Hamas military leader [[Yahya Ayyash]] on 5 January 1996, [[Mohammed Deif]], who later served as commander of the [[Qassam Brigades]], organized a mass-casualty bombing campaign inside Israel as retaliation, including the Dizengoff Center suicide bombing in Tel Aviv and the two [[Jaffa Road bus bombings]] in Jerusalem. These operations were, in their scale, scope and sophistication, different and larger than any attacks of the past, and it has been alleged{{by whom|date=July 2025}} that both Syria and Iran had helped in their planning and financing. According to a report, [[Syria|Syrian]] Minister of Defense [[Mustafa Tlass]] instructed [[Ghazi Kanaan]], the commander of Syrian forces in [[Lebanon]], to establish links between [[Hezbollah]] and Hamas fighters, who were then trained both in Lebanon and in [[Iran]] and participated in the retaliatory operations for the murder of Ayyash.<ref name="meib2">{{cite journal |last=Gambill |first=Gary C. |date=October 2002 |title=Sponsoring Terrorism: Syria and Hamas |url=http://www.meforum.org/meib/articles/0210_s1.htm |url-status=dead |journal=Middle East Intelligence Bulletin |volume=4 |issue=10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191205025415/https://www.meforum.org/meib/articles/0210_s1.htm |archive-date=5 December 2019 |access-date=7 July 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Inquirer |date=19 May 1996 |title=Israel Arrests A Hamas Leader Hassan Salameh Was Shot And Wounded In A Chase. He Is Believed To Have Planned Three Of This Year's Bombings |url=http://articles.philly.com/1996-05-19/news/25624331_1_hassan-salameh-israel-arrests-israeli-troops |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303235827/http://articles.philly.com/1996-05-19/news/25624331_1_hassan-salameh-israel-arrests-israeli-troops |archive-date=3 March 2016 |accessdate=29 October 2014 |website=The Philadelphia Inquirer |agency=INQUIRER WIRE SERVICES}}</ref> According to [[Mike Kelly (journalist)|Mike Kelly]], Hamas operative Hassan Salameh, who planned three of the attacks, was trained in Iran.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Kelly |first1=Michael |title=Bus on Jaffa Road: A Story of Middle East Terrorism and the Search for Justice |date=2014 |publisher=Lyons Press |pages=164–179}}</ref> In 2000, families of American victims of the attacks filed a lawsuit against Tlass, Kanaan and Iranian Minister of Intelligence [[Ali Fallahian]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Weinstein v. Islamic Republic of Iran, 175 F. Supp. 2d 13 {{!}} Casetext Search + Citator |url=https://casetext.com/case/weinstein-v-islamic-republic-of-iran-3 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240426064437/https://casetext.com/case/weinstein-v-islamic-republic-of-iran-3 |url-status=dead |archive-date=April 26, 2024 |access-date=19 November 2024 |website=casetext.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Bodoff v. Islamic Republic of Iran, 424 F. Supp. 2d 74 {{!}} Casetext Search + Citator |url=https://casetext.com/case/bodoff-v-islamic-republic-of-iran |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200522190523/https://casetext.com/case/bodoff-v-islamic-republic-of-iran |url-status=dead |archive-date=May 22, 2020 |access-date=19 November 2024 |website=casetext.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Eisenfeld v. Islamic Republic of Iran, 172 F. Supp. 2d 1 (D.D.C. 2000) |url=https://law.justia.com/cases/federal/district-courts/FSupp2/172/1/2309032/ |access-date=19 November 2024 |website=Justia Law |language=en}}</ref>

==The attack==
[[File:PikiWiki_Israel_8437_memorial_to_the_victims_of_dizengof_center_terror.jpg|thumb|250px|Memorial for the attack victims]]
The suicide bomber detonated just before 4 pm ([[Greenwich Mean Time|GMT]]+2) outside the Dizengoff Center, the largest shopping mall in Tel Aviv. That day the center was particularly crowded for the eve of Purim. Many in the crowd were children dressed in costume for the holiday. The bomber sought to enter the mall but turned back because of the police presence. Instead, he went into the busy intersection where a large number of pedestrians were crossing the street and set off his {{Convert|20|kg|adj=on}} nail bomb.<ref name="mfa1"/><ref name="nyt"/> Following the attack, a phone call to an Israeli radio station apparently from a Hamas representative identified the attacker as Abdel-Rahim Ishaq, a 24-year-old resident of [[Ramallah]].<ref name="nyt"/>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20091027163108/http://www.geocities.com/dizquilt/Victims_quilts.html The Bat-Chen Diaries]
*[https://www.jpost.com/ArtsAndCulture/Entertainment/Article.aspx?id=54740 Patches, a memorial film]
*{{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091027163108/http://www.geocities.com/dizquilt/Victims_quilts.html |date=October 27, 2009 |title=The Dizengoff Memorial Quilt Project }}

{{Terrorist attacks against Israelis in the 1990s}}
{{Palestinian militancy attacks in the 1990s}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Dizengoff Center Suicide Bombing}}
[[Category:Suicide bombings in 1996]]
[[Category:Israeli casualties in the Second Intifada]]
[[Category:Suicide bombings in Tel Aviv]]
[[Category:1996 mass murders]]
[[Category:Massacres in Israel]]
[[Category:Massacres in the Israeli–Palestinian conflict]]
[[Category:March 1996 crimes]]
[[Category:March 1996 in Asia]]
[[Category:1990s in Tel Aviv]]
[[Category:Islamic terrorist incidents in 1996]]
[[Category:Hamas suicide bombings]]
[[Category:1996 murders in Israel]]
[[Category:Terrorist incidents in Israel in 1996]]
[[Category:Shopping mall bombings in Israel]]
[[Category:Tel Aviv in the Israeli–Palestinian conflict]]

Santosh Roy

2025-11-27T00:18:39Z

WernerStoate3: new new stub

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2025}}
'''Santosh Kumar Roy''' (1926–2012) was an Indian politician from [[Cooch Behar]], northern [[West Bengal]], belonging to the [[Indian National Congress]]. He represented the [[Cooch Behar Dakshin Assembly constituency|Cooch Behar South constituency]] in the [[West Bengal Legislative Assembly]] 1967 to 1975. Roy was the West Bengal state government Public Works and Housing minister for a short stint in 1971 and then the Minister for Refugee Rehabilitation, Relief and Social Welfare from 1972 until his resignation in early 1975 following an investigation by the Wanchoo Commission. He was the chairman of the [[Jute Corporation of India]] for less than a year in 1976-1977, before returning to electoral politics and unsuccessfully contesting the 1977, 1982 and 1987 West Bengal elections. He was one of the secretaries of the Congress Party in West Bengal in the early 1980s.

==Biography==
Roy was born in 1926 in Cooch Behar.<ref name=who>''[https://books.google.at/books?id=VFm4AAAAIAAJ Who's who in 1982 Assembly Election, West Bengal: Personalities and Party Manifesto]''. Merchants' Club, 1982. p. xvii</ref> As a student he became involved in political activities.<ref name=who/> As of 1965 he became the president of the East India Plywood Sramik Sangha Congress, a [[trade union]] based in Cooch Behar.<ref>''[https://books.google.at/books?newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&id=7P4sAQAAMAAJ West Bengal Labour Gazette]''. Department of Labour, Government of West Bengal., 1965. p. 330</ref>

Roy was elected to the [[West Bengal Legislative Assembly]] from the [[Cooch Behar Dakshin Assembly constituency|Cooch Behar South constituency]] in the [[1967 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1967]], [[1969 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1969]], [[1971 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1971]] and [[1972 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1972]] elections.<ref name=who/><ref name=wbelec>''[https://books.google.at/books?id=CNeNAAAAMAAJ Election Results of West Bengal: Statistics & Analysis, Vol. 1]''. p. 448</ref><ref>Election Commission of India. ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20140404195120/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/StatReport_WB_72.pdf STATISTICAL REPORT ON GENERAL ELECTION, 1972 TO THE LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY OF WEST BENGAL]''</ref> He served as Minister for Public Works Department and Housing in the short-lived cabinet of [[Ajoy Mukherjee]] formed after the 1971 election.<ref>Antara Datta. ''[https://books.google.at/books?id=NwIrQbgWigwC&pg=PA139 Refugees and Borders in South Asia: The Great Exodus of 1971]''. Routledge, 2012. p. 139</ref><ref>Anjali Ghosh. ''[https://books.google.at/books?newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&id=s3EeAAAAMAAJ Peaceful Transition to Power: A Study of Marxist Political Strategies in West Bengal, 1967-1977]''. Firma KLM, 1981. p. 125</ref> In September 1971 the [[All India Congress Committee]] president [[Damodaram Sanjivayya|D. Sanjivayya]] formed a 30-member ad hoc committee to lead the Congress Party in West Bengal, with Roy as one of its members.<ref>''[https://books.google.at/books?id=wt4YMjckQv0C Socialist India, Vol. 3]''. Indian National Congress. All India Congress Committee., 1971. p. 10</ref>

He was named Minister-in-Charge for Refugee Rehabilitation, Relief and Social Welfare, including Tribal and Scheduled Castes Welfare, in the [[Siddhartha Shankar Ray]] cabinet formed after the 1972 election.<ref>''[https://books.google.at/books?id=KfQKAQAAIAAJ Annual Administration Report]''. West Bengal (India). Scheduled Castes and Tribes Welfare Dept, 1975. p. 1</ref><ref name=iwi>''[https://books.google.at/books?id=Slb-OhhGNLUC The Illustrated Weekly of India, Vol. 103, Issues 25-46]''. Published for the proprietors, Bennett, Coleman & Company, Limited, at the Times of India Press, 1982. p. 44</ref><ref>''[https://books.google.at/books?id=yX5KAAAAMAAJ Manorama Year Book, Vol. 8]''. Manorama Publishing House., 1973. p. 676</ref> As the state Relief Minister, Roy went on record denying the prevalence of famine in West Bengal.<ref name=ara>Amrita Rangaswami. ''[http://www.jstor.org/stable/4364192 A Generation Being Wiped Out]''. ''Economic and Political Weekly'', vol. 9, no. 48, 1974, pp. 1973–76.</ref>

Roy was one of five West Bengal state government ministers investigated by the Wanchoo Commission, a one-man commission led by Justice [[Kailas Nath Wanchoo|K.N. Wanchoo]] to investigate accusations on corruption and nepotism.<ref name=are>''[https://books.google.at/books?id=jwUuAQAAIAAJ Asian Recorder, Vol. 21]''. 1975. p. 12514</ref><ref name=sind>''[https://books.google.at/books?id=nlOP5tT2CPMC&pg=RA13-PA33 WEST BENGAL MINISTERS RESIGN]'', in ''Socialist India'', 8 February 1975. p. 33</ref> The Wanchoo Commission found Roy guilty of having used his political influence to secure employment for his sister under the Social Welfare Board.<ref name=are/><ref name=din>''[https://books.google.at/books?id=unpDAAAAYAAJ Data India, Issue 3; Issue 16]''. Press Institute of India, 1975. pp. 80, 144</ref> And apart from the issues investigated by the Wanchoo Commission, Roy faced other cases and inquiries in the local press relating to his roles in the Cooch Behar District Central Co-operative Bank (for which he had served as president and secretary, which had now gone into moratorium) and the now closed Co-operative Rice Mill (he had at one point served as the chairman of its Board of Directors).<ref name=ara/> Roy resigned from his ministerial post on 29 January 1975, following a special cabinet meeting reviewing the Wanchoo Commission report.<ref name=sind/><ref name=are/><ref name=rch>Rakhahari Chatterji. ''[https://books.google.at/books?newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&id=53weAAAAMAAJ Politics in West Bengal: Institutions, Processes, and Problems]''. World Press, 1985. pp. 51, 58</ref><ref>''[https://books.google.at/books?id=dbF64AKqLjsC Keesing's Contemporary Archives, Vol. 21]''. Keesing's Limited., 1975. p. 26979</ref> Roy resigned from his seat in the West Bengal Legislative Assembly on 21 February 1975, vowing to prove his innocence regarding the accusations against him.<ref name=din/>

Roy served as the chairman of the [[Jute Corporation of India]] from 31 July 1976 and 20 April 1977.<ref>''[https://books.google.at/books?newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&id=mhN3IQTO_iQC Report, Issue 14]'' India. Parliament. Committee on Public Undertakings, 1978. p. 1</ref><ref>''[https://books.google.at/books?id=SXtDAAAAYAAJ Data India]''. Press Institute of India, 1977. p. 210</ref><ref>''[https://books.google.at/books?id=Y9gnAAAAMAAJ Eastern Economist, Vol. 67]''. R.P. Agarwala, 1976. p. 302</ref> He contested the [[1977 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]] as the Congress(I) candidate in [[Natabari Assembly constituency|Natabari seat]] - finishing in second place with 12,486 votes (24.53%).<ref>Election Commission of India. ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20140404203744/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1977/StatisticalReportWestBengal77.pdf STATISTICAL REPORT ON GENERAL ELECTION, 1977 TO THE LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY OF WEST BENGAL]''</ref> As of the early 1980s he served as one of the secretaries of the [[West Bengal Pradesh Congress Committee|West Bengal Pradesh Congress Committee(I)]].<ref name=iwi/><ref name=rch/><ref>''[https://books.google.at/books?id=m3JDAAAAYAAJ Cong-I: Factional Struggle Continues]'', in ''Link'', Vol.25, Issue 4. United India Periodicals, 1983. p. 13</ref><ref>''[https://books.google.at/books?newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&id=X6psKBWbRRUC Asian Bulletin, Vol. 10, Issues 1-6]''. APACL Publications, 1985. p. 9</ref><ref name=who/> He again contested the Natabari seat in the [[1982 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]], finishing in second place with 35,034 voters (43.57%).<ref name=who/><ref>Election Commission of India. ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20140404201749/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1982/StatisticalReportWestBengal82.pdf STATISTICAL REPORT ON GENERAL ELECTION, 1982 TO THE LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY OF WEST BENGAL]''</ref> In the [[1987 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]] he again finished in second place in Natabari, with 41,487 votes (44.54%).<ref>Election Commission of India. ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20140404202041/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1987/StatisticalReportWestBengal87.pdf STATISTICAL REPORT ON GENERAL ELECTION, 1987 TO THE LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY OF WEST BENGAL]''</ref>

His hobbies included collecting rare books and manuscripts and reading.<ref name=who/> Roy died in 2012.<ref>''[https://books.google.at/books?newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&id=a5KURxM81CYC The Journal of Parliamentary Information, Vol. 58]''. Lok Sabha Secretariat, 2012. p. 358</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Roy, Santosh}}
[[Category:1926 births]]
[[Category:2012 deaths]]
[[Category:State cabinet ministers of West Bengal]]
[[Category:West Bengal MLAs 1967–1969]]
[[Category:West Bengal MLAs 1969–1971]]
[[Category:West Bengal MLAs 1971–1972]]
[[Category:West Bengal MLAs 1972–1977]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from West Bengal]]
[[Category:People from Cooch Behar district]]

Charan Badi Amolak Cheej

2025-11-02T14:38:10Z

WernerStoate3: creating some page with sources

{{Short description|19th-century Dingal poem}}
'''Charan Badi Amolak Cheej''' ([[International Alphabet of Sanskrit Transliteration|IAST]]: Cāraṇa Baḍī Amolaka Cīja; [[Devanagari|Devnagari]]: चारण बड़ी अमोलक चीज; {{Translation|The Charans are verily invaluable.}}) is a 19th-century short [[Dingal]] ([[Marwari language|Marwari]]) poem written by [[Man Singh of Marwar|Maharaja Man Singh]] of [[Kingdom of Marwar|Marwar]]. The poem is divided into 5 [[stanza]]s and [[praise]]s the [[Charan]]as extolling their [[virtue]]s and [[importance]] in the [[royal court]]s of [[medieval India]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vaEhAAAAMAAJ |title=Cāraṇa baḍī amolaka cīja |date=1989 |publisher=Cāraṇa Sāhitya Śodha Saṃsthāna |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Ujwal |first=Kailash Dan S. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pkkqAAAAYAAJ |title=Bhagwati Shri Karniji Maharaj: A Biography |date=1985 |publisher=<nowiki>[s.n.]]</nowiki> |language=en}}</ref>

== Lyrics ==
{|
![[Dingal]](Source:<ref name=":0" />)
![[IAST]] Romanization
![[English language|English]] translation
Translation: [[Kailash Dan Ujjwal]]; Source:<ref>{{Cite book |last=Tambs-Lyche |first=Harald |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5ntuAAAAMAAJ |title=Power, Profit, and Poetry: Traditional Society in Kathiawar, Western India |date=1996-12-31 |publisher=Manohar Publishers & Distributors |isbn=978-81-7304-176-1 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|{{Lang|mwr|<poem>
अकल विद्या चित उजला, अधको धरमाचार ।
वधता रजपूतां विचै, चारण वातां च्यार ।
</poem>}}
|<blockquote>{{Lang|en|<poem>
Akala Vidyā Cita Ujalā, Adhako Dharamācāra ।
Vadhatā Rajapūtāṃ Vicai, Cāraṇa Vātāṃ Cyāra ।
</poem>}}</blockquote>
|<blockquote>The [[Charan]]s excel the [[Rajput]] in four things namely brains, education, purity of heart and religious piety. </blockquote>
|-
|{{Lang|mwr|<poem>
आछा गुण कहण बाण पण आछी, मोख बुध में न को मणा ।
राजां सुजश चहुं जुग राखे, ताकव दीपक छमा तणा ।
</poem>}}
|<blockquote>{{Lang|en|<poem>
āchā guṇa kahaṇa bāṇa paṇa āchī, mokha budha meṃ na ko maṇā ।
rājāṃ sujaśa cahuṃ juga rākhe, tākava dīpaka chamā taṇā ।
</poem>}}</blockquote>
|<blockquote>The Charans, capable of discerning distinction describe it well, and thus, spread the [[Fame (disambiguation)|fame]] of good [[king]]s around.They are very intelligent and illuminate the [[Royal court|Court]] by their presence.</blockquote>
|-
|{{Lang|mwr|<poem>
भूपालां बातां हद भावे,
शब्द सवा वे घणा सकाज ।
देह दराज दीशता डारणा,
राजां बीच सोहे कवराज ।
</poem>}}
|<blockquote>{{Lang|en|<poem>
bhūpālāṃ bātāṃ hada bhāve, śabda savā ve ghaṇā sakāja ।
deha darāja dīśatā ḍāraṇā, rājāṃ bīca sohe kavarāja ।
</poem>}}</blockquote>
|<blockquote> Kings immensely relish their conversation; their impressive physique and handsome features give these poet-kings (Charans) a [[Regalia|regal]] bearing and as such they do not look out of place among Kings. </blockquote>
|-
|{{Lang|mwr|<poem>
राजी सख सभा ने राखे,
सहज सभावों घणा शिरे ।
धजवड़ हथां मारका घूतां,
कव रजपूतां अमर करे ।
</poem>}}
|<blockquote>{{Lang|en|<poem>
rājī sakha sabhā ne rākhe, sahaja sabhāvoṃ ghaṇā śire ।
dhajavaḍā hathāṃ mārakā ghūtāṃ, kava rajapūtāṃ amara kare ।
</poem>}}</blockquote>
|<blockquote>They keep the gathering in good humour and excel in good behaviour. These poets immortalise the valiant Rajputs and are themselves great [[warrior]]s. </blockquote>
|-
|{{Lang|mwr|<poem>
आखे मान सुणों अधपतिया, खत्रियों कोई न करजों खीज ।
वरदायक वहतां मद करण, चारण बड़ी अमोलक चीज ।
</poem>}}
|<blockquote>{{Lang|en|<poem>
ākhe māna suṇoṃ adhapatiyā, khatriyoṃ koī na karajoṃ khīja ।
varadāyaka vahatāṃ mada karaṇa, cāraṇa baḍī amolaka cīja ।
</poem>}}</blockquote>
|<blockquote>Listen to [[Man Singh of Marwar|Mann]], and resent not, O! Kings, the Charans are verily invaluable.</blockquote>
|}

== Further reading ==

* ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=vaEhAAAAMAAJ Cāraṇa baḍī amolaka cīja]'' (in Hindi). Cāraṇa Sāhitya Śodha Saṃsthāna. 1989.

== References ==
<references />

[[Category:Indian poems]]
[[Category:Dingal poems]]
[[Category:Rajasthani literature]]
[[Category:19th-century poems]]

Vairankode

2025-11-01T17:50:46Z

WernerStoate3: new post

{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2018}}{{Infobox settlement
| name = Vairankode
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Village
| image_skyline = Vairankode (1).jpg
| image_alt =
| image_caption = Sree Vairankode Bhagavathi Temple
| pushpin_map = India Kerala#India
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Kerala, India
| coordinates = {{coord|10.886361|N|75.976307|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Kerala]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Malappuram District|Malappuram]]
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| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Malayalam language|Malayalam]], [[English language|English]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 676301
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| area_code = 0494
| registration_plate = KL-10/KL-55
| blank1_name_sec1 = Nearest city
| blank1_info_sec1 = [[Tirur]]
| blank2_name_sec1 = [[Lok Sabha]] constituency
| blank2_info_sec1 = [[Ponnani]]
| website =
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}}
'''Vairankode''', also spelled as '''Vairamkode''', is a small village in [[Tirunavaya|Thirunavaya]] grama Panchayath of [[Tirur Taluk|Tirur]] Taluk in [[Malappuram district|Malappuram]] district, Kerala. It is well known for [[Vairankode Bhagavathy Temple|Sree Vairankode Bhagavathi temple]], one of the oldest and most popular [[Bhagavati|Bhagavathi]] [[temple]]s in [[Kerala]]. The village and temple are situated on Pattarnadakkavu – BP Angadi Road. [https://vairankodetemple.in/]

== History ==
Vairankode is located near [[Tirunavaya|Thirunavaya]], a holy city famous for its [[Mamankam festival|Mamangam festival]]. Vairankode, situated in [[Malappuram district]], was a brahmadeya village under the [[Azhvanchery Thamprakkal]]. Vairankode Azhvanchery, which belonged to [[Kingdom of Tanur|Vettathu Nadu]], was under the rule of the Tambras. The Vairankode Road was built later on as the main route linking Vettath Tampuran fort and Athavanad [[Illam|Azhvancherymana]]. This road connects Vairankode, [[Tirur]], and Pattarnadakkavu with one another. [[Melpathur Narayana Bhattathiri]], the renowned poet, was born in Melpatthur Illat near the [[Bharathappuzha|Nila River]], just 4 km from Vairankode.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Panikker |first=Meena J. |date=2020-07-14 |title=Katala vesa: On Revisiting the Hunter |journal=Rupkatha Journal on Interdisciplinary Studies in Humanities |volume=12 |issue=4 |doi=10.21659/rupkatha.v12n4.04 |issn=0975-2935|doi-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{Citation |title=THE ARRANGEMENT OF THE PARVANS IN THE SOUTHERN RECENSION |work=Philology and Criticism |pages=367–378 |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv301d8x.23 |access-date=2024-04-01 |publisher=Anthem Press|doi=10.2307/j.ctv301d8x.23 |url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=K |first1=PONNUSWAMY |last2=P |first2=SANTHI |last3=M |first3=SUBRAMANIAN |date=2000 |title=Effect of various establishment methods on the growth and yield of rice |journal=Madras Agricultural Journal |volume=87 |issue=september |pages=389–391 |doi=10.29321/maj.10.a00479 |issn=0024-9602|doi-access=free }}</ref>

== Geography ==
Vairankode is situated in the center of the 'Pallar' territory which consists of six lands: Alloor, Kuttur, Kaithakkara, Valiyaparappur, Pallar, and [[Ananthavoor]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Website of Ines Zupanov |url=http://www.ineszupanov.com/ |access-date=2024-04-01 |website=www.ineszupanov.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Bressoud |first=David |date=January 2002 |title=Was Calculus Invented in India? |url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/1558972 |journal=The College Mathematics Journal |volume=33 |issue=1 |pages=2–13 |doi=10.2307/1558972|jstor=1558972 |url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |author=Staff Reporter |date=2019-09-23 |title=Goa CM visits Malappuram temples |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/kozhikode/goa-cm-visits-malappuram-temples/article29493071.ece |access-date=2024-04-29 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

== Places of Worship ==

* Sree Vairankode Bhagavathy Temple
* Sree Rudirppan Temple
* Sree Subrahmanya Temple
* Pallar Juma Masjid

==See also==

* [[Vairankode Vela]]
* [[Azhvanchery Thamprakkal]]
* [[Thunchaththu Ezhuthachan]]
* [[Melpathur Narayana Bhattathiri]]
* [[Vallathol Narayana Menon]]
* [[Mamankam festival]]

== Transportation ==

* Nearest Airports: [[Calicut International Airport|Calicut (CCJ)]] and [[Coimbatore International Airport|Cochin International Airport]]
* Nearest Municipality: [[Tirur]]
* Nearest Major Railway Station:[[Tirunnavaya railway station|Tirunnavaya Railway station]] 4 km, [[Tirur railway station|Tirur Railway station]]10 km, [[Kuttippuram railway station|Kuttippuram Railway station]]11 km
* Nearest Bus Station:[[Tirur]]10 km, [[Kuttippuram|Kuttipuram]] 11 km, [[Puthanathani]] 10 km

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Malappuram district}}

[[Category:Villages in Malappuram district]]
[[Category:Tirur area]]

{{Malappuram-geo-stub}}

Geeta Aiyer

2025-10-14T11:24:18Z

WernerStoate3: creating some details added tags...

{{short description|Indian entrepreneur and business leader}}
{{Infobox person
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*[[Delhi University]] ([[Honours degree|Honors]] [[Bachelor of Arts|BA]])
*[[Delhi University]] ([[Master of Arts|MA]])
*[[Harvard Business School]] ([[Master of Business Administration|MBA]])
}}
| occupation =
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'''Geeta Aiyer''' is an Indian [[Entrepreneurship|entrepreneur]], business leader, and [[Activism|social activist]], best known as founder and president of Boston Common Asset Management, a [[Socially responsible investing|sustainable investment]] firm.

== Early life and education ==

Aiyer was born in [[Chennai]], [[India]] in 1958.<ref name="Riding2020">{{Cite news |title=Chief of female-led boutique on the ESG 'tipping point' |url=https://www.ft.com/content/601c6d1c-0fc9-4018-8c7b-26299f98f2b2 |last=Riding |first=Siobhan |work=[[Financial Times]] |date=29 August 2020 |access-date=4 December 2023}}</ref>

Aiyer moved to America in 1983 to attend [[Harvard Business School]].<ref name="Murningham2015">{{Cite news |title=Geeta Aiyer: A life of integrity |url=https://www.baystatebanner.com/2015/09/10/geeta-aiyer-a-life-of-integrity/ |last=Murningham |first=Marcy |work=[[Bay State Banner]] |date=10 September 2015 |access-date=5 December 2023}}</ref> She was the second [[Women in India|Indian woman]] to attend to attend the school and graduated with an [[Master of Business Administration|MBA]] in [[finance]] in 1985.<ref name="IndiaNewEngland">{{Cite web |title=In Chai With Manju, Woman of the Year 2014 Geeta Aiyer Talks About Her Selection for IAS, Second Indian Woman to Go to Harvard Business School and Entrepreneurial Journey |url=https://indianewengland.com/in-chai-with-manju-woman-of-the-year-2014-geeta-aiyer-talks-about-her-selection-for-ias-second-indian-woman-to-go-to-harvard-business-school-and-entrepreneurial-journey/ |website=IndiaNewEngland.com |date=8 May 2015 |access-date=5 December 2023}}</ref> Aiyer also has a [[Bachelor of Arts|BA]] [[With honors (academic)|with honors]] as well as an [[Master of Arts|MA]] degree from [[Delhi University]], India.<ref name="Endowments">{{Cite web |title=Geeta Aiyer |url=https://www.intentionalendowments.org/geeta_aiyer_bio |website=InternationalEndowments.org |access-date=6 December 2023}}</ref>

== Career ==

After graduating from Harvard, Aiyer started with [[Cambridge Associates]] as a consultant. She also founded the company East India Spice, her first entrepreneurial venture.<ref name="Murningham2015" />

In 1988, Aiyer became an analyst and portfolio manager at the [[United States Trust Company]] of Boston. She advised executives of the [[Albertsons]] supermarket chain after they had lost a $108 million lawsuit over denying female employees [[promotion (rank)|advancement opportunities]]. Aiyer "demonstrated to Albertsons that unfair employment practices were a financial liability", resulting in the company making a commitment to gender equity moving forward.<ref name="Harvard">{{Cite web |title=Holding Business to Account |url=https://www.alumni.hbs.edu/stories/Pages/story-bulletin.aspx?num=8018 |website=[[Harvard Business School]] |date=29 January 2021 |access-date=4 December 2023}}</ref>

In 1994, Aiyer founded Walden Capital Management, using the revenues made from running her first company. Aiyer cites pursuing "dual goals of financial return and social change on behalf her clients" as a driving principal behind establishing a firm focused on [[responsible investment]].<ref name="Riding2020" /><ref name="Blahnik2000">{{Cite news |title='Socially responsible' mutual fund branches into international investing |url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/195638387/?terms=%22Geeta%20Aiyer%22&match=1 |last=Blahnik |first=Mike |work=[[Star Tribune]] |date=8 April 2000 |access-date=8 December 2023}}</ref>

From 1998 to 2002, Aiyer was president of Walden Asset Management.<ref name="Riding2020" />

In 2003, Aiyer founded Boston Common Asset Management as an employee-owned sustainable investment firm.<ref name="Forbes">{{Cite news |title=Geeta Aiyer |url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/geeta-aiyer/?sh=227b0b5f7149 |work=[[Forbes]] |access-date=7 December 2023}}</ref> Aiyer has served as its president since 2003, overseeing $5 billion in assets under management. Boston Common is known for practicing [[ethical investing]], making investments in line with [[environmental, social, and corporate governance]] (ESG) goals.<ref name="Murningham2015" /><ref name="Time100">{{Cite magazine |title=Geeta Aiyer: President and founder, Boston Common Asset Management |url=https://time.com/collection/time100-climate/6332931/geeta-aiyer/ |magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |date=16 November 2023 |access-date=3 December 2023}}</ref>

Boston Common joined a group of other [[impact investing|impact investors]] to pressure the [[Washington Redskins]] to change the name of their football team due to [[Washington Redskins name controversy|racial concerns]] over their name, a campaign that ran over the course of 12 years. The team changed its name in 2020 following the [[murder of George Floyd]]. Aiyer remarked: "There comes a tipping point when, after a company has been fighting you, they suddenly let go because it becomes obvious to them that it’s not worth continuing the fight."<ref name="Riding2020" /><ref name="Harvard" />

Aiyer is currently a member of [[Boston University]]'s Impact Measurement & Allocation Program's advisory board.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Current Board Members |url=https://www.bu.edu/imap/affiliation/boardmember-current/ |access-date=2024-10-07 |website=[[Boston University]]}}</ref>

== Activism ==

Aiyer founded the [[nonprofit organization]] Direct Action for Women Now (DAWN), which advocates for victims of [[Gender-based violence in India|gender based violence in India]].<ref name="IndiaNewEngland" /><ref name="Endowments" />

== Awards and honors ==

*In 2010, Aiyer was awarded the Highest Leaf Award by the [[The Women's Venture Fund|Women's Venture Fund]]<ref name="Endowments" />
*In 2014, India New England named her Woman of the Year<ref name="IndiaNewEngland" />
*In 2017, Aiyer was the recipient of the Joan Bavaria Award at the CERES conference<ref>{{Cite web |title=Geeta Aiyer |url=https://www.bu.edu/imap/profiles/geeta-aiyer/ |access-date=2024-10-07 |website=[[Boston University]]}}</ref>
*In 2020, Aiyer was inducted into YW Boston's Academy of Women Achievers, honoring her dedication to "eliminating racism and [[empowering women]]"<ref name="YWBoston">{{Cite web |title=Meet Geeta Aiyer, 2020 Academy of Women Achievers Awardee |url=https://www.ywboston.org/2020/06/meet-geeta-aiyer-2020-academy-of-women-achievers-awardee/ |website=YWBoston.org |date=26 June 2020 |access-date=6 December 2023 |archive-date=3 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231203024249/https://www.ywboston.org/2020/06/meet-geeta-aiyer-2020-academy-of-women-achievers-awardee/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>
*In 2021, Aiyer was named to the [[Boston Business Journal]]'s 2021 Power 50: The Movement Makers for being a "pioneer in impact investing"<ref name="Jones2021">{{Cite web |title=Meet the 2021 honorees of the BBJ's Power 50: The Movement Makers |url=https://www.bizjournals.com/boston/news/2021/11/18/meet-the-2021-honorees-of-the-bbjs-power-50-the.html |website=[[American City Business Journals]] |last=Jones |first=Carolyn M. |date=18 November 2021 |access-date=7 December 2023}}</ref>
*In 2023, Aiyer was included by [[Time (magazine)|Time]] into the first [[Time 100|TIME100]] Climate list, recognizing the 100 most innovative leaders driving business [[climate action]]<ref name="Time100" />

== References ==

{{reflist}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Aiyer, Geeta}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1958 births]]
[[Category:Chief executives in the finance industry]]
[[Category:Delhi University alumni]]
[[Category:Financial company founders]]
[[Category:Harvard Business School alumni]]
[[Category:Indian investors]]
[[Category:Indian women activists]]
[[Category:Indian women chief executives]]
[[Category:Indian chief executives]]
[[Category:Indian women company founders]]
[[Category:Businesspeople from Chennai]]
[[Category:Women investors]]

Myat Phaya Gyi

2025-10-03T14:23:14Z

WernerStoate3: put up basic details first draft!

{{Short description|Princess of Burma}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2023}}
{{Infobox royalty
| name = Myat Phaya Gyi
| title =
| image = Princess Myat Phaya Gyi.jpg
| caption = Myat Phaya Gyi, {{circa|1914}}
| succession =
| reign =
| reign-type =
| predecessor =
| successor =
| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1880|09|05|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Mandalay Palace|Royal Palace]], [[Konbaung dynasty|Burma]]
| residence =
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1947|06|03|1880|09|05|df=y}}
| death_place = [[Ratnagiri]], India
| death_cause =
| resting_place =
| father = [[Thibaw Min]]
| mother = [[Supayalat]]
| spouse = Gopalrao Sawant
| issue = Tu Tu Sawant
| religion = [[Theravada Buddhism]]
| awards =
| url =
}}
'''Princess Myat Phaya Gyi''' ({{langx|my|မြတ်ဖုရားကြီး}}; 5 September 1880 – 3 June 1947) was a Burmese royal princess and most senior member of the [[Konbaung dynasty|Royal House of Konbaung]]. She was the eldest daughter of the last ruling king of Burma, [[King Thibaw]], and his queen [[Supayalat]].<ref name="a">{{Cite web |date=25 February 2017 |title=In search of princess Phaya: Looking for Myanmar's forgotten royals in Ratnagiri |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/weekend/in-search-of-princess-phaya-looking-for-myanmar-s-forgotten-royals-in-ratnagiri/story-dWhy94FbPMq4sTQNaPM4RK.html |access-date=18 February 2023 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en |archive-date=17 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230217181351/https://www.hindustantimes.com/weekend/in-search-of-princess-phaya-looking-for-myanmar-s-forgotten-royals-in-ratnagiri/story-dWhy94FbPMq4sTQNaPM4RK.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="full bio">{{Cite book |last=Shah |first=Sudha |title=The king in exile : the fall of the royal family of Burma |date=2012 |isbn=978-93-5029-598-4 |location=New Delhi |oclc=962026050 }}</ref>

After falling in love with an Indian servant, the princess embarrassed the royal family, gave up her royal princess insignia, and lived a life of dire poverty and isolation until her death. Her story still intrigues many in Myanmar, where she is seen as a romantic and yet tragic figure who fell from the grace of the golden palace to a pauper because of her unshakable love.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Sinʻʺ |first=ʾEʺ |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=onluAAAAMAAJ&q=%E1%80%95%E1%80%91%E1%80%99%E1%80%9E%E1%80%99%E1%80%AE%E1%80%B8%E1%80%90%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%BA |title=King Thibaw's memoirs from Ratnagiri |date=2001 |publisher=Bāratī Cā pe |language=my |access-date=10 March 2023 |archive-date=10 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230310172436/https://books.google.com/books?id=onluAAAAMAAJ&q=%E1%80%95%E1%80%91%E1%80%99%E1%80%9E%E1%80%99%E1%80%AE%E1%80%B8%E1%80%90%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%BA |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Life==
===In the royal palace===
[[File:Taungzin Princess and young Myat Phaya Gyi.jpg|thumb|upright|left|Myat Phaya Gyi and her nurse Taungzin Princess, {{circa|1884}}]]
Princess Myat Phaya Gyi was born on 5 September 1880, at the [[Mandalay Palace|Royal Palace]], [[Mandalay]]. She was King Thibaw's firstborn daughter by his chief queen, Supayalat. Several ceremonies were held after her birth to honor her royal rank, but the largest of all was the Dawthakarana (cradling) ceremony, in which she was placed in an emerald-studded cradle in front of the [[Palin (throne)|Bee Throne]] in the Glass Palace. Hundreds of magnificent gifts were brought to her, including valuable stones, pearls, jewelry, solid gold bowls, bolts of fine cloth, and so on. The [[Thonze Princess]] and the [[Taungzin Princess]] were chosen as her head nurse and second nurse, respectively, and numerous palace maids were appointed to assist them.<ref name="c">{{Cite book |last=leʺ |first=Toʻ Bhu rāʺ Ka |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VZZuAAAAMAAJ&q=%E1%80%95%E1%80%91%E1%80%99%E1%80%9E%E1%80%99%E1%80%AE%E1%80%B8%E1%80%90%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%BA |title=From Yadanabon To Ratnagiri |date=2004 |publisher=Ratanā puṃ Cā upʻ tuikʻ |language=my |access-date=10 March 2023 |archive-date=10 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230310172503/https://books.google.com/books?id=VZZuAAAAMAAJ&q=%E1%80%95%E1%80%91%E1%80%99%E1%80%9E%E1%80%99%E1%80%AE%E1%80%B8%E1%80%90%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%BA |url-status=live }}</ref>

[[File:Mandalay Palace, Myanmar.jpg|thumb|[[Mandalay Palace]] grounds]]
When she was five years old, King Thibaw was defeated in the [[Third Anglo-Burmese War]] and forced to abdicate by the British in 1885. On 25 November 1885, they were taken away in a covered carriage, leaving [[Mandalay Palace]] by the southern gate of the walled city, along the streets lined by British soldiers and the king's wailing subjects, to the river [[Ayeyarwady River|Irrawaddy]] where a steamboat called ''Thuriya'' (Sun) awaited. They were exiled to the remote coastal town of [[Ratnagiri]] in India, where they lived for over 30 years. She did not receive any formal education.<ref name="a"/>

===In Ratnagiri===
[[File:King Thebaw -Ratnagiri.jpg|thumb|left|The brick palace in Ratnagiri that Myat Phaya Gyi and the royal family was exiled to]]
Myat Phaya Gyi fell in love with Gopal Bhaurao Sawant, an Indian palace gatekeeper, in 1906, when she was 26 years old, and had a child with him. At the time, he was already married. According to Hindu tradition, Gopal could not marry the princess since he already had a wife. For the embarrassed royal family, she was the black sheep. Her father was infuriated by the affair as it was an unforgivable offense for a lowly palace servant to have impregnated a princess. She was judged harshly by the conservative and rigid society of those days. A few years after the death of King Thibaw in 1916, the royal family was allowed to return to Burma. However, she was unwelcome because of her relationship with an Indian servant. Soon after returning to Burma, she gave birth to a stillborn son. The stillbirth made the other royal family members happy.<ref name="full bio"/>

[[File:Four Princesses of Burma.jpg|thumb|The four daughters of King Thibaw and Queen Supayalat, princesses [[Myat Phaya Galay]], Myat Phaya Gyi, [[Myat Phaya Lat]], [[Myat Phaya]]]]
A number of letters were written by Gopal begging the princess to return to him. Despite the royal family's opposition, she signed a royal edict stripping herself of all her titles, as well as royal decorations, and eventually returned to Ratnagiri with her daughter Tu Tu Sawant, but Gopal failed to keep his promise. He also wasted her royal pension, which she had received from the British government. Gopal used her money to buy a house for his wife and more than 200 acres of land in Ratnagiri. He abandoned the princess and his daughter in a small hut. The princess was too shy to go out and stayed in her room, waiting for Gopal to visit her (which he did for a few hours). She had no interaction with her royal relatives. A year before her death, when the Indian police force came to demolish the hut she lived in as part of a government plan to demolish it, she asked to remain, but in the end she stayed for three days next to the demolished hut. She had to sleep on the ground and only had two chairs for furniture in her hut during her time in Ratnagiri.<ref name="c"/><ref name="full bio"/>

[[File:Myat Phaya Gyi's hut.jpg|thumb|left|The princess's hut in Ratnagiri]]
Prior to her death on the night of 3 June 1947, at the age of 66, the princess lived a life of terrible poverty and isolation. Her body was carried from Ratnagiri's main road to the cemetery, attended by merchants and representatives of various organizations. The Ratnagiri police force presented a guard of honor, complete with a gun salute. The Indian government built a brick mausoleum for her at a cost of Rs 5,000 next to her father King Thibaw's mausoleum. Her [[urn]] was kept at the Ratnagiri Treasury until it was decided whether to send it back to Burma or bury it inside the tomb. However, the princess's urn was then misplaced.<ref name="a"/><ref name="full bio"/>

Her daughter Tu Tu married an Indian driver, Shankar Powar, and lived in poverty. Her entire family became Indian citizens.<ref>{{Cite web |last=KyawThu |date=3 June 2020 |title=On This Day {{!}} When the Daughter of Myanmar's Last King Died |url=https://www.irrawaddy.com/specials/on-this-day/daughter-myanmars-last-king-died.html |access-date=18 February 2023 |website=The Irrawaddy |language=en-US |archive-date=18 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230218192141/https://www.irrawaddy.com/specials/on-this-day/daughter-myanmars-last-king-died.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Myat Phaya Galay}}
[[Category:Burmese princesses]]
[[Category:Konbaung dynasty]]
[[Category:1880 births]]
[[Category:1947 deaths]]
[[Category:Daughters of kings]]

Nityananda Gond

2025-09-30T00:04:51Z

WernerStoate3: starting new stub

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2024}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Nityananda Gond
| alt = Nityananda Gond
| caption = Nityananda Gond
| image =
| office = Minister of School & Mass Education [[Government of Odisha]]
| term_start = 12 June 2024
| 1blankname = [[Chief Minister of Odisha|Chief Minister]]
| 1namedata = [[Mohan Charan Majhi]]
| predecessor = [[Sudam Marndi]]
| office1 = Minister of ST & SC Development, Minorities & Backward Classes Welfare [[Government of Odisha]]
| term_start1 = 12 June 2024
| 1blankname1 = [[Chief Minister of Odisha|Chief Minister]]
| 1namedata1 = [[Mohan Charan Majhi]]
| predecessor1 = [[Jagannath Saraka]]
| office2 = Member of [[Odisha Legislative Assembly]]
| term_start2 = 2019
| term_end2 =
| predecessor2 = Subash Gond
| constituency2 = [[Umerkote Assembly constituency|Umerkote (ST)]]
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=y|1978|06|01}}
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| spouse = Chaiti Gond
| children = 1 son & 1 daughter
| father = Samaru Gond
| education = [[Master of Arts]] [[Bachelor of Laws]]
| profession = Advocate, Politician
| source = https://odishaassembly.nic.in/memberprofile.aspx?img=1447 odishaassembly.nic.in
}}

'''Nityananda Gond''' is an Indian politician and Minister of School and Mass Education, ST & SC Development, Minorities & Backward Classes Welfare [[Government of Odisha]]. He is a [[Member of Legislative Assembly (India)|Member of Odisha Legislative Assembly]] from [[Umerkote Assembly constituency|Umerkote]] assembly constituency of [[Nabarangpur district]].<ref name=election2019>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/11679-odisha-legislative-assembly-election-2019/ |title=State Election, 2019 to the Legislative Assembly of Odisha |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=2024-06-15 |url-access=limited}}</ref>

He did his M.A. in history from [[Berhampur University]] in 2000, and LLB from [[Jeyopre Law College]] in 2003.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-06-13 |title=Myneta Profile |url=https://myneta.info/Odisha2024/candidate.php?candidate_id=24 |access-date=2024-06-15 |work=My Neta |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

On 12 June 2024, he took oath along with Chief Minister [[Mohan Charan Majhi]] took oath in Janata Maidan, Bhubaneswar. Governor [[Raghubar Das]] administered their oath. Prime Minister [[Narendra Modi]], Home Minister [[Amit Shah]], Defense Minister [[Rajnath Singh]], along with Chief Ministers of 10 BJP-ruled states were present.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Highlights: BJP Tribal Leader, 4-Time MLA Mohan Majhi Sworn In As Odisha Chief Minister |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/odisha-chief-minister-swearing-in-live-updates-mohan-majhi-set-to-be-sworn-in-as-bjps-first-chief-minister-in-odisha-5874031 |access-date=2024-06-13 |website=NDTV.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Barik |first=Satyasundar |date=2024-06-12 |title=Mohan Charan Majhi sworn in as Odisha's first BJP Chief Minister |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/odisha/mohan-charan-majhi-sworn-in-as-odishas-first-bjp-chief-minister/article68281205.ece |access-date=2024-06-13 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-06-13 |title=Odisha Cabinet portfolios: CM Mohan Charan Majhi keeps Home |url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/news/india/odisha-cabinet-portfolios-cm-mohan-charan-majhi-keeps-home-ministry-kanak-vardhan-singh-agriculture-pravati-parida-women-child-development-finance-2024-06-15-937131 |access-date=2024-06-15 |work=India News |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Bharatiya Janata Party}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Gond, Nityananda}}
[[Category:1978 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Odisha]]
[[Category:Odisha MLAs 2019–2024]]
[[Category:Odisha MLAs 2024–2029]]
[[Category:People from Nabarangpur district]]

{{Odisha-BJP-politician-stub}}

Kumarganj, Ayodhya

2025-08-31T21:13:06Z

WernerStoate3: starting a bio...

{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2021}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Kumarganj
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Town
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Uttar Pradesh#India
| pushpin_label_position = left
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Uttar Pradesh, India
| coordinates = {{coord|26.553010|81.842512|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[Administrative divisions of India|Division]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Ayodhya division|Ayodhya]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[District]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[Ayodhya district|Ayodhya]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 = 3.5
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 98
| population_total =
| population_as_of =
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 =
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = [[Language]]
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi language|Hindi]]<ref name="langoff">{{cite web |title=52nd Report of the Commissioner for Linguistic Minorities in India |url=http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM52ndReport.pdf|website=nclm.nic.in|publisher=[[Ministry of Minority Affairs]]|accessdate=26 October 2020|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170525141614/http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM52ndReport.pdf|archivedate=25 May 2017}}</ref>
| demographics1_title2 = Additional official
| demographics1_info2 = [[Urdu]]<ref name="langoff"/>
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 224229
| registration_plate = UP-42
| blank1_name_sec1 = [[Human sex ratio|Sex ratio]]
| blank1_info_sec1 =
| website = {{URL|up.gov.in}}
| footnotes =
|highway =
}}
'''Kumarganj''' is a [[university town]] in the [[Ayodhya district]] in the state of [[Uttar Pradesh]] in India.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indiamapia.com/Faizabad/Kumarganj.html|title=Kumarganj Pin Code, Kumarganj, Ayodhya Map, Latitude and Longitude, Uttar Pradesh|website=indiamapia.com|access-date=10 September 2019}}</ref> Kumarganj is 37 km south of district headquarters [[Ayodhya]] city.

==Government and politics==
===Civic administration===
There is a police station in Kumarganj.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Police {{!}} District Ayodhya - Government of Uttar Pradesh {{!}} India|url=https://ayodhya.nic.in/police/|access-date=22 February 2021|website=ayodhya.nic.in|language=en-US}}</ref>

==Transport==
;Road
Kumarganj has good connectivity by road to [[Raebareli]], [[Ayodhya]], [[Lucknow]], [[Kanpur]], [[Varanasi]] and [[Prayagraj]] city.

;Railways
The nearest railway station is Nihalgarh Railway Station (25 km), [[Ayodhya Cantt railway station|Ayodhya Cantt]] (41 km) and [[Ayodhya Junction railway station|Ayodhya junction]] (47 km).

;Air
The nearest airport is [[Ayodhya International Airport]]<ref>{{Cite news|title=UP Cabinet clears proposal to rename Ayodhya Airport as Maryada Purushottam Sri Ram Airport|url=https://www.timesnownews.com/business-economy/industry/article/up-cabinet-clears-proposal-to-rename-ayodhya-airport-as-maryada-purushottam-sri-ram-airport/686291|last=Tyagi|first=Harshita|access-date=22 February 2021|work=Times Now|date=24 November 2020|language=en}}</ref> 40 km north, [[Chaudhary Charan Singh International Airport|Lucknow Airport]] 128 km, [[Lal Bahadur Shastri Airport|Varanasi Airport]] 200 km.

==Education==
* [[Acharya Narendra Deva University of Agriculture and Technology]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Faizabad district}}

[[Category:Cities and towns in Ayodhya district]]

{{Faizabad-geo-stub}}

Kala Master

2025-08-18T11:30:10Z

WernerStoate3: starting a stub

{{short description|Indian dance choreographer (born 1971)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2018}}
{{infobox person
| name = Kala Master
| image =
| image size =
| alt =
| birth_name = Kala
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1970|03|26}}
| birth_place = [[Chennai]], India
| death_date =
| years_active = 1984–present
| children = Vidyuth (b.2007)
| spouse = {{plainlist|
* Govindarajan (m.1997; div.1999)
* Mahesh (m.2004–present)}}
| relatives = {{plainlist|
* [[Brinda (choreographer)|Brindha]] (sister)
* [[Raghuram]] (brother-in-law)
* [[Gayathri Raguram]] (niece)
* [[Prasanna Sujit]] (nephew)
*[[Keerthi Shanthanu]] (niece)}}
| occupation = {{hlist|Dance choreographer|reality television judge}}
}}

'''Kala''', known professionally as '''Kala Master''', is an Indian choreographer. She is the director of the Indian reality dance talent show, ''[[Maanada Mayilada]]'' – where she is one of the three judges.<ref>[http://movies.rediff.com/report/2010/jul/13/south-tv-interview-with-kala-master.htm The dancing queen of Tamil TV – Rediff.com Movies] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203040556/http://movies.rediff.com/report/2010/jul/13/south-tv-interview-with-kala-master.htm |date=3 December 2013 }}. Movies.rediff.com (13 July 2010). Retrieved 2013-11-30.</ref> She was awarded the [[National Film Award for Best Choreography]] in 2000 for her folk dance sequences in the [[Malayalam]] film, ''[[Kochu Kochu Santhoshangal]]''.<ref name="48thawardPDF">{{cite web |url=http://dff.nic.in/2011/48th_nff_2001.pdf |title=48th National Film Awards |publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals |access-date=13 March 2012 |format=PDF |archive-date=29 October 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029195537/http://dff.nic.in/2011/48th_nff_2001.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>[http://dff.nic.in/2011/48th_nff_2001.pdf 48th National Film Awards] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029195537/http://dff.nic.in/2011/48th_nff_2001.pdf |date=29 October 2013 }}.nic.in</ref> She is also classically trained in [[Bharatanatyam]], [[Kuchipudi]] and [[Kathak]] dance forms.

==Career==

A trained classical dancer with the Nritya Kalanithi award for Bharatanatyam in 1990, Kala, a school drop out, entered the film industry through the influence of her brother-in-law, the choreographer Raghuram. Making her debut as an assistant choreographer at the age of 12 in 1982, she got a break during the making of ''[[Punnagai Mannan]]'' in 1986 starring [[Kamal Haasan]] and [[Revathi]], as director [[K. Balachander]] suggested Kala fill in for the busy Raghuram.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20040108122755/http://www.hindu.com/mp/2003/10/06/stories/2003100600300200.htm In her footsteps]. The Hindu (6 October 2003). Retrieved 2013-11-30.</ref> She was then chosen again by Balachandar as the lead choreographer for ''[[Pudhu Pudhu Arthangal (film)|Pudhu Pudhu Arthangal]]'' (1989).

She has since worked in over 4000 songs in various languages including Tamil, Telugu, Malayalam, Hindi, Kannada, Oriya, Bengali, English, Italian and Japanese. She has referred to the "Kozhi Koovum Neram achu" song in ''[[Azhagan]]'' as one of her leading pieces of work and also referred actress Bhanupriya as her favorite dancer. She was handed the opportunity to choreograph the Miss World 1996 Beauty Pageant held at Bangalore for which she received a special award of excellence. Moreover, she notes that a stage event in Malaysia featuring [[Prashanth]] and seven heroines, propelled her into fame. She was awarded the [[National Film Award for Best Choreography]] in 2000 for her folk dance sequences in the Malayalam film, ''[[Kochu Kochu Santhoshangal]]''.<ref>[http://dff.nic.in/2011/48th_nff_2001.pdf 48th National Film Awards] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029195537/http://dff.nic.in/2011/48th_nff_2001.pdf |date=29 October 2013 }}. nic.in</ref> She became the first to start a cinematic dance school named Kala's Kalalaya which has five branches in Chennai. She manages it along with her sisters. Kala's merit is in popularising a peculiar dance form, cobbled together with borrowings from classical, Indian folk, bhangra and western steps.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20071201173036/http://www.hindu.com/mp/2005/10/29/stories/2005102900080400.htm Metro Plus Pondicherry / Interview : Master of moves]. The Hindu (29 October 2005). Retrieved 2013-11-30.</ref> She also won the [[Tamil Nadu State Film Award for Best Choreographer]] for her work in ''[[Chandramukhi]]''.

She has since gone to specialise in directing dance reality shows, notably ''[[Maanada Mayilada]]'', which has finished nine seasons.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20090306184645/http://www.hindu.com/mp/2008/10/27/stories/2008102750540300.htm Metro Plus Kochi / People : She makes them dance to her tunes]. The Hindu (27 October 2008). Retrieved 2013-11-30.</ref> She is currently judging dance reality show Odi Vilayadu Papa in [[Kalaignar TV]].

==Selected filmography==
===Choreographer===
{| class="wikitable"
! Movie
! Song
! year
! {{Abbr|Ref.|Reference}}
|-
| ''[[Punnagai Mannan]]'' || rowspan="4" | Choreographer || 1986 ||<ref>{{Cite news |last=Umashanker |first=Sudha |date=6 October 2003 |title=In her footsteps |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=http://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/mp/2003/10/06/stories/2003100600300200.htm |url-status=dead |access-date=16 October 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040117200600/http://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/mp/2003/10/06/stories/2003100600300200.htm |archive-date=17 January 2004}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Pudhu Pudhu Arthangal (film)|Pudhu Pudhu Arthangal]]'' ||1989||<ref>{{Cite news |title=Cinema Rendezvous – Come lets date- Kala Master & All That Jazz |work=[[Time Out (magazine)|Time Out]] |url=https://www.timeout.com/chennai/events/come-lets-date-kala-master-kochukochu-sandoshangal |url-status=dead |access-date=11 April 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180411054841/https://www.timeout.com/chennai/events/come-lets-date-kala-master-kochukochu-sandoshangal |archive-date=11 April 2018}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Chandramukhi]]'' || 2005 ||<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.screenindia.com/fullstory.php?content_id=17257 |title=Rajnikant, Kamal Haasan adjudged Best Actors |work=Screenindia |date=28 September 2007 |access-date=14 June 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081208040445/http://www.screenindia.com/old/fullstory.php?content_id=17257 |archive-date=8 December 2008}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Darbar (film)|Darbar]]'' || 2020 ||<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.screenindia.com/fullstory.php?content_id=17257 |title=Rajnikant, Kamal Haasan adjudged Best Actors |work=Screenindia |date=28 September 2007 |access-date=14 June 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081208040445/http://www.screenindia.com/old/fullstory.php?content_id=17257 |archive-date=8 December 2008}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Kaathu Vaakula Rendu Kaadhal]]'' ||Actor || 2022 || <ref>{{Cite web |date=22 October 2021 |title=நயன்தாரா படம் மூலம் நடிகையாக அறிமுகமாகும் கலா மாஸ்டர் |url=https://cinema.maalaimalar.com/cinema/cinemanews/2021/10/22084944/3122941/Tamil-cinema-Kala-Master-acting-in-nayanthara-movie.vpf |access-date=23 October 2021 |website=maalaimalar.com |language=Tamil |archive-date=23 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211023034955/https://cinema.maalaimalar.com/cinema/cinemanews/2021/10/22084944/3122941/Tamil-cinema-Kala-Master-acting-in-nayanthara-movie.vpf |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|}

===Singer===
{| class="wikitable"
! Movie
! Song
! year
! {{Abbr|Ref.|Reference}}
|-
|''[[Thiru Vi Ka Poonga]]''||"Naalai Ellam Nalam"||2015||<ref>{{cite AV media|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vbDpMZeJUXs|time=25:50 to 27:10|title=Naalai Ellam Nalamthane Song was sung by me 😳 - Kala Master Revealed {!} #chandramukhi2|via=[[YouTube]]|language=ta|publisher=Kumudam online|date=31 August 2023|access-date=1 October 2024}}</ref>
|-
|}

==Personal life==

Kala was born into a family of seven girls and revealed that she was brought up in a one-room house during her childhood. An elder sister, Jayanthi, first started dancing and acted as heroine in two films – ''[[Uthiripookkal]]'' and ''Poottatha Pookkal''. Kala’s second sister Girija learned Bharatanatyam at Kalakshetra; and went on to work with choreographers Thangam and later [[Raghuram|Raghuram Master]], whom she married afterwards, and also become an independent choreographer. Kala was the sixth daughter, while [[Brinda (choreographer)|Brinda]], a leading choreographer, is her youngest sister.<ref>Ethiraj, Gopal. (21 September 2009) [http://www.asiantribune.com/news/2009/09/21/sunday-celebritykala-master-she-%E2%80%98sagala-kala-vallavi%E2%80%99 Sunday celebrity:Kala Master: she is ‘sagala Kala vallavi’] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130703144856/http://www.asiantribune.com/news/2009/09/21/sunday-celebritykala-master-she-%E2%80%98sagala-kala-vallavi%E2%80%99 |date=3 July 2013 }}. Asian Tribune. Retrieved 2013-11-30.</ref>

One of her nephews, [[Prasanna Sujit]], is also a film choreographer. Her niece [[Gayathri Raguram]], daughter of late Raghuram and her sister Girija is also a choreographer and an actor. She has also introduced another niece Keerthi, daughter of Jayanthi and wife of actor [[Shanthanu Bhagyaraj]], as an anchor in her dance reality show ''Manada Mayilada''.

Kala was previously married to [[UAE]]-based businessman, Govindarajan in 1997, who is the brother of actress [[Sneha (actress)|Sneha]]. Kala had initially shifted to [[Dubai]] after her marriage but problems prompted her to return to Chennai and take up choreographing again. The pair got divorced in 1999, and soon after Kala and Brindha controversially made derogatory comments about Sneha's dancing ability to a magazine.<ref>[http://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movie-news/july-06-01/07-07-06-sneha.html Tamil movies : Dancing sisters’ war dance against Sneha] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130306082921/http://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movie-news/july-06-01/07-07-06-sneha.html |date=6 March 2013 }}. Behindwoods.com (7 July 2006). Retrieved 2013-11-30.</ref>

She married Mahesh in 2004. It was a love marriage. The couple has a son born in 2007.

==Television==

{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90% width:75%"
|- style="text-align:center;"
! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Year
! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Show
! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Role
! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Channel
|-
|rowspan=2|2006
| ''[[Jodi Number One (season 1)]]''
| rowspan="4" | Judge
| [[STAR Vijay]]
|-
|''Super Dancer''
|[[Amrita TV]]
|-
|rowspan=2|2007
|''Super Dancer 2''
| rowspan="2" |Amrita TV
|-
|''Super Dancer JUNIOR''
|-
| 2008
| ''Odi Vilayadu Papa''
| rowspan="2" | Director / Judge
| Kalaignar TV
|-
| 2008–2013
| ''[[Maanada Mayilada]]'' (1-8 seasons)
| [[Kalaignar TV]]
|-
| 2014
| '' [[D 4 Dance]]'' (Season 1)
| rowspan="2" | Judge
| [[Mazhavil Manorama]] ([[Malayalam]])
|-
| 2022
| [[Pottikku Potti|''Pottikku Potti – R U Ready'']]
| [[Colors Tamil]]
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb name|1018238}}

{{National Film Award Best Choreography}}
{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Master, Kala}}
[[Category:Indian film choreographers]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Artists from Chennai]]
[[Category:Indian women choreographers]]
[[Category:Indian choreographers]]
[[Category:Indian female dancers]]
[[Category:1971 births]]
[[Category:Dancers from Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Women artists from Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian women artists]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian dancers]]
[[Category:Best Choreography National Film Award winners]]

Alexander Malcolm Jacob

2025-08-14T20:45:46Z

WernerStoate3: updated page

{{Short description|Indian gem trader (1849–1921)}}
{{EngvarB|date=April 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2025}}
{{more citations needed|date=October 2011}}
'''Alexander Malcolm Jacob''' (1849–1921) was a diamond and gemstone trader in [[Shimla|Simla]], India. Probably a [[Jacobite Church|Jacobite Christian]],<ref>{{Cite book|last=Zubrzycki|first=John|title=Mysterious mr jacob.|date=2012|publisher=Random House|isbn=978-81-8400-126-6|location=[Place of publication not identified]|oclc=939495203}}</ref> his grandfather was an engineer in [[Constantinople]], and his father was the first soap manufacturer in the [[Ottoman Empire]].

==Life==
At the age of ten, Jacob was sold as a slave to a [[pasha]], who educated him. He acquired knowledge of Eastern life, language, art, literature, philosophy, and [[occultism]]. After his master's death, Jacob performed the [[Hajj]] to Mecca at the age of 21, indicating that he was then a Muslim. Jacob moved to Bombay, India, where he worked as a clerk based on his knowledge of Arabic. Later, he moved to Hyderabad, where he worked for Ami-ul-Kabir, father of Sir Kharsheedjah Bahadur; from there, he moved to Calcutta, where he worked for the jewellers Charles Nephew and Co. He then worked for the [[Nawab of Rampur]] and Dholpur for a short time.

Jacob arrived in [[Shimla|Simla]] in the 1870s and founded a business trading precious gemstones and curios. The success of the business allowed him to build and maintain a luxury home, known as Belvedere, in Simla.

The quality of his work resulted in a clientele composed of some of the wealthiest and most influential people in India. The ''Pioneer'' found him 'endowed by nature with a wonderful handsome face and form' and there was about him a 'compelling magnetism, a power and mystery which led to his being sought for conversation and advice by [[Viceroy]] and princes'. Reports indicate he was celibate, a vegetarian, a [[teetotaller]], and a non-smoker.<ref name=Simla>{{Citation
|title=Simla, the summer capital of British India
|last1= Bhasin
|first1=Raja
|year= 1992
|isbn = 978-0-670-84728-0
|publisher=Viking
}}</ref>

==Jacob diamond==

He is best known for having sold the [[Jacob Diamond]], which is the seventh largest diamond known in the world (previously known as the Victoria Diamond, Imperial Diamond, or Great White Diamond).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://famousdiamonds.tripod.com/victoriadiamond.html |title=The Victoria Diamond (also known as the Jacob Diamond) |publisher=Famousdiamonds.tripod.com |access-date=11 July 2012}}</ref> It was owned by the [[Nizam]] of Hyderabad and is currently owned by the Government of India.

The sale of the Jacob Diamond to [[Mir Mahbub Ali Khan]], Nizam of Hyderabad, considered to be one of the richest men in the world, ruined Jacob. He was brought to trial on charges of fraud, and was acquitted only after a long trial at the Calcutta High Court. Jacob was unable to obtain the money due to him, as the court had no jurisdiction over the Indian States. Nor was there any mechanism to get the diamond back. The controversy over the sale cost Jacob his customers. Legal expenses and the default of other princes bankrupted him, who left Simla for Bombay in late 1901.

Jacob lost his eyesight, and after fourteen years of blindness was cured by the charity of a surgeon friend. His last years were spent in a modest room at Watson's Annexe, a property facing the [[Bombay Yacht Club]]. Jacob's last words (to Alice Dracott) were "Give my love to Simla".<ref name=Simla/> He died in 1921 and his obituary notice in ''[[The Times]]'' of 21 January 1921 states Jacob "claimed to be a Turk ... born near Constantinople".

==Popular culture==
American author [[F. Marion Crawford]] wrote the novel ''Mr. Isaacs'' about him in 1882. The character Lurgan Sahib of [[Rudyard Kipling]]'s novel ''[[Kim (novel)|Kim]]'' was also based on Jacob.

A biography by John Zubrzycki, ''The Mysterious Mr Jacob: diamond merchant, magician and spy'' [{{ISBN|9780995359437}}], was published in 2017.

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Jacob, Alexander}}
[[Category:1849 births]]
[[Category:1921 deaths]]
[[Category:Businesspeople from Himachal Pradesh]]
[[Category:Merchants from British India]]
[[Category:Indian Muslims]]
[[Category:Muslims from the Ottoman Empire]]
[[Category:Immigrants to British India]]
[[Category:Indian slaves]]
[[Category:Businesspeople from Kolkata]]
[[Category:People from İzmir]]
[[Category:Businesspeople from Mumbai]]
[[Category:People from Shimla]]
[[Category:Merchants from the Ottoman Empire]]

2021 lynchings in Punjab, India

2025-08-14T15:36:23Z

WernerStoate3:

{{short description|Lynchings for sacrilege in Punjab}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2021}}
{{Infobox civilian attack
| title = 2021 lynchings in Punjab, India
| image =
| image_size =
| image_upright =
| alt =
| caption =
| map = {{Location map|India Punjab|lat=31.62|long=74.88|caption=}}
| coordinates = {{coord|31|37|14|N|74|52|50|E|scale:4000|display=inline,title}}
| location = [[Amritsar]], [[Punjab, India|Punjab]], [[India]]
| date = 18–19 December 2021
| time =
| timezone =
| type = [[Lynching]]
| weapons =
| fatalities = 2
| perpetrators = Sikh mobs
| motive =
| convicted =
| charges =
| module =
}}
The '''2021 lynchings in Punjab, India'''<ref name=NewYorkTimes1>{{Cite web|date=2021-12-19|title=2 Lynchings Reported at Sikh Temples in India|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/12/19/world/asia/sikh-temples-lynching.html|url-status=live|access-date=2021-12-19|website=NY Times|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211219174637/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/12/19/world/asia/sikh-temples-lynching.html |archive-date=19 December 2021 }}</ref> refers to the widely reported [[lynching]] incidents that occurred on 18-19 December 2021, at two [[Sikh]] temples in [[Punjab, India|Punjab]], [[India]] in which enraged mobs killed 2 men in response to alleged acts of sacrilege.<ref name=BBC1 >{{Cite web|date=2021-12-19|title=Man beaten to death for 'sacrilege' attempt at Sikh Golden Temple in India|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-59715937|url-status=live|access-date=2021-12-20|website=BBC|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211219025743/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-59715937 |archive-date=19 December 2021 }}</ref>

== Lynching incidents ==

=== First Incident (18 December) ===
The first incident took place on 18 December 2021 at the [[Amritsar]] [[Golden Temple]], the holiest shrine for Sikhs, when a man barged into the inner sanctum, where Sikhism's holy book, the Guru Granth Sahib, is kept.<ref name="NewYorkTimes1"></ref> The man grabbed a ceremonial sword placed next to the holy book; but was overpowered by Sikh guards and worshippers, and then beaten to death before the police arrived at the scene.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-12-19|title=Indian man beaten to death inside historic Sikh temple|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/indian-man-beaten-death-historic-sikh-temple-rcna9325|url-status=live|access-date=2021-12-20|website=NBC News|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211220110736/https://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/indian-man-beaten-death-historic-sikh-temple-rcna9325 |archive-date=20 December 2021 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-12-19|title=Golden Temple lynching: Dark days could revisit Punjab|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/opinion/golden-temple-lynching-dark-days-could-revisit-punjab-1062443.html|url-status=live|access-date=2021-12-20|website=DH|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211219092343/https://www.deccanherald.com/opinion/golden-temple-lynching-dark-days-could-revisit-punjab-1062443.html |archive-date=19 December 2021 }}</ref>

=== Second Incident (19 December) ===
The second lynching incident took place in the early hours of 19 December 2021, when a mentally challenged man who was hungry stole a chapati from the gurudwara kitchen. Police found no evidence of sacrilege and also arrested people on murder charges.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Kapurthala lynching a planned murder|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/website/story/india-news-kapurthala-lynching-a-planned-murder-police-say-no-evidence-of-sacrilege/407144/amp|url-status=live|date=2021-12-29|access-date=2021-12-29|first1=Ashutosh|last1=Sharma|work=[[Outlook (Indian magazine)]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220125075426/https://www.outlookindia.com/website/story/india-news-kapurthala-lynching-a-planned-murder-police-say-no-evidence-of-sacrilege/407144/amp |archive-date=25 January 2022 }}</ref> The Kapurthala police claimed as per preliminary investigations, it seemed to be a case of theft and there was no evidence of sacrilege.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2021-12-19|title=2nd Lynching In Punjab Over Theft, Not Sacrilege, Say Cops|url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/2nd-punjab-lynching-over-alleged-sacrilege-probe-team-formed-10-facts-2659846|access-date=2021-12-20|website= NDTV|language=en }}</ref>

== Response ==
The Punjab Police reported that the victims remained unidentified as the Police did not find any Identity Card with them, but attempts were on to identify them by reviewing the security footage of the shrines. <ref>{{Cite news|date=2021-12-20|title=Golden Temple sacrilege suspect's photo released|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/punjab/sacrilege-slain-suspect-booked-for-murder-bid-352207|access-date=2021-10-16|newspaper=Tribune India|language=en}}</ref>
Meanwhile, the Akal Takht Jathedar Giani Harpreet Singh condemned the "sacrilege" attempt at the Golden Temple and sought a thorough investigation.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-12-20|title=Akal Takht Investigate, expose forces behind sacrilege|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/punjab/takht-investigate-expose-forces-352200|url-status=live|access-date=2021-12-20|website=Hindustan Times|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211220003140/https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/punjab/takht-investigate-expose-forces-352200 |archive-date=20 December 2021 }}</ref>
Further, some intellectuals have noted that the silence of most political leaders on the lynching of the alleged culprits at the holy shrines of the Sikhs, was disturbing.<ref >{{Cite web|date=2021-12-20|title=Sacrilege attempt is heinous but leaders not calling lynching by its name shrinks space for conversations Punjab needs|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/columns/golden-temple-lynch-sacrilege-silent-7680770/|url-status=live|access-date=2021-12-20|website=The Indian Express|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211220141010/https://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/columns/golden-temple-lynch-sacrilege-silent-7680770/ |archive-date=20 December 2021 }}</ref>

==See also==
* [[2021 Singhu border lynching]]

==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Lynching in India}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Punjab, India lynchings, 2021}}
[[Category:2021 murders in India]]
[[Category:Attacks in India in 2021]]
[[Category:Lynching deaths in India]]
[[Category:December 2021 in India]]
[[Category:December 2021 crimes in Asia]]
[[Category:Sikhism-related controversies]]
[[Category:Deaths by beating]]
[[Category:Sikh terrorism in India]]
[[Category:People murdered in Punjab, India]]
[[Category:History of Amritsar]]

Chainpura, Jhunjhunu

2025-07-27T23:23:21Z

WernerStoate3: creating the info added tags...

{{Short description|Village in Rajasthan, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2025}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Chainpura
| native_name = चैनपुरा
| settlement_type = village
| pushpin_map = India Rajasthan
| pushpin_label_position = left
| coordinates = {{coord|28.2180|75.2845|type:city_region:IN|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Rajasthan]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Jhunjhunu district]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[Tehsil]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[Malsisar]]
| timezone = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 333011
| area_code_type = Telephone code
}}

'''Chainpura''' is a small village of [[Ladusar]] [[Gram Panchayat]].Chainpura [[village]] is located in [[Alsisar]] [[Panchayat samiti|Taluka]] and [[Malsisar]] Tehsil of [[Jhunjhunu district]] in [[Rajasthan]], [[India]]. The pin code number of Chainpura is 333011. The population of Chainpura is 747 in 2011.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Chainpura Village Population - Jhunjhunun - Jhunjhunun, Rajasthan |url=https://www.census2011.co.in/data/village/70910-chainpura-rajasthan.html |access-date=2025-01-07 |website=www.census2011.co.in}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Jhunjhunu district}}

[[Category:Populated places in Rajasthan]]
[[Category:Villages in Jhunjhunu district]]

{{Jaipurdivision-geo-stub}}

Tifatul Sembiring

2025-07-19T02:08:16Z

WernerStoate3:

{{Short description|Indonesian politician (born 1961)}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Tifatul Sembiring
| image = File:Wakil Ketua Badan Pengkajian Majelis Permusyawaratan Rakyat Republik Indonesia Tifatul Sembiring.jpg
| imagesize = 180 px
| caption =
| office = Member of [[People's Representative Council]]
| term_start = 1 October 2014
| term_start1 = 1 October 2009
| term_end1 = 22 October 2009
| constituency1 = North Sumatra I
| office2 = [[Ministry of Communications and Informatics|Minister of Communications and Informatics]]
| order2 =
| term_start2 = 22 October 2009
| term_end2 = 1 October 2014
| president2 = [[Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono]]
| predecessor2 = [[Muhammad Nuh]]
| successor2 = [[Rudiantara]]
| office3 = 4th [[List of presidents of the Prosperous Justice Party|President of Prosperous Justice Party]]
| order3 =
| term_start3 = 11 October 2004
| term_end3 = 22 October 2009
| president3 =
| predecessor3 = [[Hidayat Nur Wahid]]
| successor3 = [[Luthfi Hasan Ishaaq]]
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1961|9|28|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Bukittinggi]], [[West Sumatra]], [[Indonesia]]
| death_date =
| death_place =
| nationality = Indonesian
| party = [[Prosperous Justice Party]]
| spouse =
| relations =
| children = 7
| alma_mater =
| occupation =
| profession =
| signature =
| website =
| footnotes =
}}

'''Tifatul Sembiring''' (born 28 September 1961) is an Indonesian politician. He was chairman of the [[Prosperous Justice Party]] and Minister of Communication and Information in the [[Second United Indonesia Cabinet]].

== Biography ==

=== Life and Family ===
His father is of [[Karo people (Indonesia)|Karo]] descent and moved to [[Bukittinggi]] where he married a [[Minangkabau people|Minangkabau]] woman.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thejakartaglobe.com/national/cabinet-2009-communications-and-it-tifatul-sembiring/338580 |title=Cabinet 2009: Communications and IT, Tifatul Sembiring |publisher=The Jakarta Globe |date= |accessdate=2011-01-29}}</ref> Sembiring is the head of a big family in Guguak Tabek Sarojo, [[Agam Regency|Agam]], [[West Sumatra]] by the title Datuk Tumangguang.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://nasional.vivanews.com/news/read/132640-tifatul_sembiring_kini_bergelar_datuk |title=''Tifatul Sembiring Kini Bergelar Datuk'', Vivanews.com |access-date=2010-11-02 |archive-date=2010-08-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100812001324/http://nasional.vivanews.com/news/read/132640-tifatul_sembiring_kini_bergelar_datuk |url-status=dead }}</ref> He is married to Sri Rahayu and has seven children: Sabrina, Fathan, Ibrahim, Yusuf, Fatimah, Muhammad, and Abdurrahman Sembiring.

=== Education ===
Sembiring has a degree in [[computer engineering]] from the Jakarta STI&K Information and Computing Management School ({{langx|id|Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Manajemen Informatika dan Komputer Jakarta STI&K}}), [[Jakarta]], and was active in several Indonesian Islamic organisations from his student days, such as the Indonesian Student's Association (PII).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.tokohindonesia.com/ensiklopedi/t/tifatul-sembiring/index.shtml |title=Tifatul Sembiring | Ensiklopedi Tokoh Indonesia |website=www.tokohindonesia.com |access-date=3 February 2022 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20061121114709/http://www.tokohindonesia.com/ensiklopedi/t/tifatul-sembiring/index.shtml |archive-date=21 November 2006 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title= United Indonesia Cabinet 2009-2014|newspaper= [[The Jakarta Post]]|date= 2009-10-22|page= 3}}</ref>

==Controversy==

In 2009, he blamed immorality for a [[2009 Sumatra earthquakes|Sumatra earthquake and other natural disasters]]. As he addressed a Friday prayer meeting in [[Padang|Padang, Sumatra]], the minister said "there were many television programmes that destroyed morals. Therefore, natural disasters would continue to occur."<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/8384827.stm|title=Disasters 'caused by immorality'|date=28 November 2009}}</ref>

His ambition to filter the internet for 'negative' content, shelved in early 2010 in the face of broad opposition, may be revived after a [[Celebrity sex tape|celebrity sex scandal]] centred on Ariel ([[Nazril Irham]]), which Sembiring controversially linked to the crucifixion of [[Jesus Christ]].<ref name=ArielScandal>{{cite news
| last = Agence France-Presse
| title = Pop star detained in Indonesia's first celebrity sex video scandal
| newspaper = [[South China Morning Post|SCMP]]
| date = 23 Jun 2010
| url = http://www.scmp.com
| accessdate = 25 Jun 2010}}
</ref> The move has the backing of then-[[President of Indonesia|president]] Dr [[Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono]] and would involve a blacklist of offensive material monitored by a special task force,<ref>{{cite news
| last = Agence France-Presse
| title = Indonesian leader backs Web filter on porn
| newspaper = [[South China Morning Post|SCMP]]
| date = 19 Jun 2010
| url = http://www.scmp.com
| accessdate = 25 Jun 2010}}
</ref> which gave birth to the controversial ''[[Internet in Indonesia|Internet Positif.]]'' ("Positive Internet") program.

He has also linked [[pornography]] to [[AIDS|HIV/AIDS]] and said that funding to fight the disease was a waste of money,<ref name=ArielScandal/> also stating that the widespread availability of Indonesian pornography, mostly featuring students, caused natural disasters.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.antaranews.com/en/news/1259323027/immorality-has-caused-disasters-minister |title=Immorality has caused disasters : Minister |publisher=Antara News |date=2009-11-27 |accessdate=2011-01-29}}</ref> He was much criticized for quoting [[Adolf Hitler]] on his Twitter page, posting "the union between two children, when both of them complete each other, this is magic - Adolf Hitler".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2010/04/09/tifatul-quotes-adolf-hitler-twitter.html |title=Tifatul quotes Adolf Hitler on Twitter |publisher=The Jakarta Post |date= |accessdate=2011-01-29 |archive-date=2014-10-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141003031329/http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2010/04/09/tifatul-quotes-adolf-hitler-twitter.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> He was questioned by Indonesian Twitter users for shaking the hand of U.S. First Lady [[Michelle Obama]] during her husband's November 2010 trip to Indonesia.<ref>{{cite news|url = https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=131188597|title = Minister Admits Reluctant Michelle Obama Handshake|agency = Associated Press|publisher = [[NPR]]|date = November 9, 2010}}</ref> His hesitation in condemning the [[2014 Chibok kidnapping|kidnapping of 276 girls]] by the terrorist group [[Boko Haram]] in Nigeria drew criticism and raised questions about his suitability to serve in the government.<ref>{{Cite web | title=Communications Minister Under Fire for Response to Boko Haram Query - The Jakarta Globe | url=http://www.thejakartaglobe.com/news/communications-minister-fire-response-boko-haram-query/ | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140513072541/http://www.thejakartaglobe.com/news/communications-minister-fire-response-boko-haram-query/ | access-date=2025-01-08 | archive-date=2014-05-13}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.tempo.co/read/news/2014/05/11/078576928/Soal-Boko-Haram-Tweeps-Serang-Menteri-Tifatul| title = Soal Boko Haram, Tweeps Serang Menteri Tifatul - Nasional Tempo.co| access-date = 2014-05-17| archive-date = 2014-05-13| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140513013101/http://www.tempo.co/read/news/2014/05/11/078576928/Soal-Boko-Haram-Tweeps-Serang-Menteri-Tifatul| url-status = dead}}</ref>

In May 2014, the [[Ministry of Communications and Information Technology]] tweeted from his account that video sharing site Vimeo would be banned. Citing Indonesia’s controversial [[Bill against Pornography and Pornoaction|anti-pornography law]], passed in 2008, the minister said the site included displays of “nudity or nudity-like features”.<ref>{{Cite web | title=Communications Minister Faces Twitter Ire After Vimeo Ban {{!}} The Jakarta Globe | url=http://www.thejakartaglobe.com/news/indonesian-minister-tifatul-faces-twitter-ire-vimeo-ban/ | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140513022715/http://www.thejakartaglobe.com/news/indonesian-minister-tifatul-faces-twitter-ire-vimeo-ban/ | access-date=2025-01-08 | archive-date=2014-05-13}}</ref> The ban came at a moment when films made in Indonesia had begun to attract attention on the world stage, with [[Joshua Oppenheimer]]’s ''[[The Act of Killing]]'' joining the ranks of the most acclaimed documentaries of all time.<ref>{{Cite web | title=Indonesia Vimeo Ban Raises Freedom Concerns - The Jakarta Globe | url=http://www.thejakartaglobe.com/news/indonesia-reels-surprise-vimeo-ban/ | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140516234403/http://www.thejakartaglobe.com:80/news/indonesia-reels-surprise-vimeo-ban/ | access-date=2025-01-08 | archive-date=2014-05-16}}</ref>

On 26 February 2016, he tweeted from his account quoting an Islamic hadith that promotes killing people who practice homosexuality.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.bbc.com/indonesia/majalah/2016/02/160226_trensosial_twitter_tifatul|title=Twit Tifatul Sembiring picu debat soal agama, homoseksualitas, dan ISIS|date=26 February 2016}}</ref> This sparked criticism from the general public, some Muslim scholars, and human rights advocates due to "growing intolerance" towards the LGBT community in Indonesia. He responded to the critics by calling them anti-Prophet Mohammed and anti-Quran but eventually deleted the post yet remained unapologetic. [[Mardani Ali Sera]], Spokesperson for the [[Prosperous Justice Party]] (PKS) denied that the death penalty for homosexuality is the party’s official stance. PKS then clarified by differentiating between “LGBT victims” and “LGBT movements”.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.inilah.com/pks-ogah-tanggapi-kicauan-tifatul-soal-lgbt|title=PKS Ogah Tanggapi Kicauan Tifatul Soal LGBT|date=29 February 2016|publisher=inilah.com}}</ref>

==Legislator==
Sembiring had been elected four times into the [[People's Representative Council]], firstly in the [[2009 Indonesian legislative election|2009 election]] where he represented North Sumatra's first electoral district. He was reelected there in [[2014 Indonesian legislative election|2014]], and again in [[2019 Indonesian legislative election|2019]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Tifatul Sembiring, Mantan Menteri yang Kembali Menjadi Caleg di Pemilihan Umum 2019 |url=https://kumparan.com/berita-caleg/tifatul-sembiring-mantan-menteri-yang-kembali-menjadi-caleg-di-pemilihan-umum-2019-1543998060313658930 |accessdate=13 October 2019 |work=Kumparan |date=5 December 2018 |language=id}}</ref> In the 2019 legislature, Sembiring was the chair of the [[Prosperous Justice Party]]'s faction.<ref>{{cite news |title=Sudah Dilobi Golkar dan Gerindra, PKS Belum Tentukan Dukungan Calon Ketua MPR |url=https://nasional.kompas.com/read/2019/10/03/11380691/sudah-dilobi-golkar-dan-gerindra-pks-belum-tentukan-dukungan-calon-ketua-mpr |accessdate=13 October 2019 |work=KOMPAS.com |date=3 October 2019 |language=id}}</ref> His fourth reelection was in the [[2024 Indonesian legislative election|2024 election]] with 92,704 votes.<ref>{{cite news |title=Daftar Para Caleg DPR 2024-2029 Terpilih yang Ditetapkan KPU |url=https://nasional.kompas.com/read/2024/08/26/09300991/daftar-para-caleg-dpr-2024-2029-terpilih-yang-ditetapkan-kpu?page=all |access-date=1 October 2024 |work=KOMPAS.com |date=26 August 2024 |language=id}}</ref>

==References==
<references/>

{{s-start}}
{{s-off}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Muhammad Nuh]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=Minister of Communication and Information|years=2009–2014}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Rudiantara]]}}
{{s-ppo}}
{{succession box
| title = Chairman of [[Prosperous Justice Party]]
| before = [[Hidayat Nur Wahid]]
| after = [[Luthfi Hasan Ishaaq]]
| years = 2004–2009
}}
{{s-end}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sembiring, Tifatul}}
[[Category:1961 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:People from Bukittinggi]]
[[Category:Government ministers of Indonesia]]
[[Category:Prosperous Justice Party politicians]]
[[Category:Indonesian Muslims]]
[[Category:Minangkabau people]]
[[Category:Karo people]]
[[Category:Members of the House of Representatives (Indonesia), 2009]]
[[Category:Members of the House of Representatives (Indonesia), 2014]]
[[Category:Members of the House of Representatives (Indonesia), 2019]]
[[Category:Members of the House of Representatives (Indonesia), 2024]]