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Srinath (Kannada actor)

2026-05-07T14:34:52Z

Wavage786:

{{Short description|Indian Kannada actor (born 1943)}}
{{for|other actors|Srinath (disambiguation)}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2017}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2017}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Srinath
| image = Srinath (Kannada actor).jpg
| caption =
| birth_name = Narayana Swamy
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1944|12|28|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Mysore]], [[Kingdom of Mysore]], [[British India]]
| othername =
| occupation = Actor, film producer, television presenter
| years_active = 1967–present
| spouse = {{marriage|Geetha|1972}}
| family = [[C. R. Simha]] (brother)
| children = 2
}}

'''Narayana Swamy''' (born 28 December 1944), known by his [[stage name]] '''Srinath''', is an Indian actor and film producer who works predominantly in [[Kannada cinema]]. He holds the position of vice-president of the [[Kannada]] television channel [[Udaya TV]]. He is popular for presenting the [[Game Show]], ''Adarsha Dampatigalu'' ({{langx|kn|ಆದರ್ಶ ದಂಪತಿಗಳು}}). Srinath has earned the nickname Pranaya Raja<ref name="IndiaGlitz">[http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/kannada/article/19961.html Pranayaraja Srinath to direct movies] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930165527/http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/kannada/article/19961.html |date=30 September 2007 }} - IndiaGlitz.com Report. Retrieved on 22 April 2007</ref> meaning 'King of Romance' because of his stupendous success in romantic movies during the 70s. In 2003, he was conferred the
‛''Kalaratna''’ Award by the [[Government of Karnataka]].<ref>{{cite news |title= Nisar Ahmed, film actor Srinath honoured |url= http://www.hindu.com/2003/09/08/stories/2003090804650400.htm |date= 8 September 2003 |access-date= 4 May 2014 |archive-date= 23 October 2012 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20121023100212/http://www.hindu.com/2003/09/08/stories/2003090804650400.htm |newspaper= [[The Hindu]] |url-status= dead }}</ref>

==Early life==
Narayana Swamy was born on 28 December 1944 to Ramaswamy Shastri and Lalita in [[Mysore]], in the [[Kingdom of Mysore]] of India.<ref>{{cite video|title=Weekend with Ramesh|url=http://www.ozee.com/shows/weekend-with-ramesh-season2/video/weekend-with-ramesh-season-2-episode-17-february-20-2016-full-episode.html|language=kn|website=Zee Kannada|access-date=2 March 2016}}</ref> Initially, he acted in amateur plays and practiced [[cinematography]] in Occupational Institute in [[Bangalore]]. He entered films with a small role in the [[Kannada]] movie [[Lagna Pathrike]].<ref name="Chitraranga Profile">[http://www.chitraranga.com/en/profiles/srinath.asp Srinath's Profile at Chitranga.com] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070405072208/http://www.chitraranga.com/en/profiles/srinath.asp |date=5 April 2007 }} Retrieved on 22 April 2007</ref> After that, he got a chance to play the main role in a film called Madhura Milana and his name was changed to '''Srinath'''.<ref name="Chitraranga Profile" /> In 1975 the stupendous success of the cult movie ''[[Shubhamangala]]'' by Puttanna Kanagal made him a popular hero<ref name="Chitraranga Profile" /> in Kannada cinema.

==Career==
===Film and television===

Srinath has acted in over 350 films.{{Citation needed|date=May 2008}} ''[[Shubhamangala]] (ಶುಭ ಮಂಗಳ) ''is his biggest hit. He has won the State award as best actor for Sri Raghavendra Vaibhava''<ref name="Chitraranga Profile" />'' and the Filmfare award for [[Besuge]] (ಬೆಸುಗೆ). In 1982 he had produced ''[[Maanasa Sarovara]] (ಮಾನಸ ಸರೋವರ) ''for his mentor Puttanna Kanagal. Srinath was also preparing to direct a Kannada movie.<ref name="IndiaGlitz" /> He formed a popular pair with top actress Manjula with whom he acted in a record 35 films during the 1970s and 80s.

Srinath was the Vice President of the [[Udaya TV]] Kannada Channel and hosted the [[Game Show]] ''Adarsha Dampatigalu'' ({{langx|kn|ಆದರ್ಶ ದಂಪತಿಗಳು}}). He still continues to act in films and TV serials.

===Politics===
Srinath was nominated by [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] as member of legislative council from the artiste fraternity for a period of six years.<ref name="MLC">[http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/kannada/article/22683.html Srinath is nominated as MLC by BJP] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070514143530/http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/kannada/article/22683.html |date=14 May 2007 }} - A report in IndiaGlitz.com. Retrieved on 22 April 2007</ref>

==Awards and honours==
In the year of 1980-81 he was honored by the [[Karnataka State Film Award for Best Actor]] for his effective portrayal of the role of [[Raghavendra]] in the movie ''Sri Raghavendra Vaibhava''. In year 2003, Srinath was honoured with the Kalaratna (''Gem of Art'') award by Adarsha Suguma Sangeeta Academy Trust, in [[Bangalore]].<ref name="Kalaratna">[http://www.hindu.com/2003/09/08/stories/2003090804650400.htm Nisar Ahmed, film actor Srinath honoured by Adarsha Sugama Sangeeta Academy Trust] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071001064907/http://www.hindu.com/2003/09/08/stories/2003090804650400.htm |date=1 October 2007 }} - [[The Hindu]] News Report, Retrieved on 22 April 2007</ref>
The award was honoured by S.M. Shankar, the brother of [[S.M. Krishna]], the then Chief Minister of [[Karnataka]].
In the same year, Srinath was honoured with the prestigious Karnataka Rajyotsava Award given by the [[Government of Karnataka]].<ref name="Karnataka Rajyotsava Award">{{usurped|[https://web.archive.org/web/20071220064750/http://www.hinduonnet.com/2003/10/31/stories/2003103101770600.htm Karnataka Rajyotsava Awards - 2003]}} - A report by [[The Hindu]], Retrieved on 22 April 2007</ref> Then in [[2013 Karnataka State Film Awards]], he's honored by the prestigious [[Dr. Rajkumar Award]] for his lifetime achievement to [[Cinema of Karnataka|Kannada Cinema]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/Karantaka-State-Film-Awards-announced/articleshow/45756810.cms |title=Karantaka State Film Awards announced |website=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=23 June 2019 |archive-date=21 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200321052734/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/Karantaka-State-Film-Awards-announced/articleshow/45756810.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>
After completing 100 films he was given the title "Abhinaya Chakravarthy"in 1982.
He is also a recipient of [[Filmfare Lifetime Achievement Award – South]] in 2024.

==Personal life==
Srinath is the younger brother of renowned Kannada theatre artist as well as film actor and writer [[C. R. Simha]]. Srinath is married to Geetha Srinath. The couple have two children, a son and a daughter. His son Rohit has acted in several Kannada movies as a child artist. His daughter Amulya currently lives in the U.S. with her husband and three daughters.

==Contribution to society==
Srinath has set up a charitable trust called ''Deeya Art Foundation'', to provide a helping-hand to the poor and needy who are affected by diseases like cancer, HIV and heart-related ailments.<ref name="toi">Inauguration of the Deeya Art Foundation is mentioned in the Times of India, Bangalore Edition, newspaper dated 2007-04-24, page 2, article title: Musical start to Srinath's foundation</ref> Among the objectives of the foundation are:
* Organising entertainment programs exclusively for cancer-affected patients
* Free health check-up camps
* Fund-raising camps for the physically handicapped
* Service activities at old-age homes
* Blood donation camps
* Free supply of medicines and nutritional food

==Partial filmography==
=== Kannada films ===
{|class="wikitable sortable"
! Year !! Film title
! Role !! Notes
|-
| 1967 || ''[[Lagna Pathrike|Lagna Patrike]]''
| Stage actor ||
|-
| 1969 || ''[[Madhura Milana]]''
| Sundar || First film as lead
|-
| rowspan="8" |1970 || ''[[Anireekshita]]''
| Somanath ||
|-
| ''[[Boregowda Bangalorige Banda]]''
| Raja ||
|-
| ''Mooru Mutthugalu''
| ||
|-
|''[[Modala Rathri]]''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Modala Rathri (1970) Kannada movie: Cast & Crew |url=https://chiloka.com/movie/modala-rathri-1970 |access-date=2024-05-27 |website=chiloka.com}}</ref>
|Anand
|
|-
| ''Rangamahal Rahasya''
| ||
|-
| ''[[Seetha (1970 film)|Seetha]]''
| ||
|-
| ''Sukha Samsara''
| ||
|-
| ''Takka Bitre Sikka''
| ||
|-
|rowspan="7"| 1971 || ''Anugraha''
| ||
|-
| ''Bhale Adrushtavo Adrushta''
| ||
|-
| ''Onde Kula Onde Daiva''
| ||
|-
| ''[[Sri Krishna Rukmini Satyabhama]]''
| [[Narada]] ||
|-
| ''[[Sharapanjara]]''
| Sudheer || Cameo
|-
| ''[[Samshaya Phala]]''
| ||
|-
| ''Thande Makkalu''
| ||
|-
|rowspan="3"| 1972 || ''[[Bangaarada Manushya]]''
| Chakrapani ||
|-
| ''[[Bhale Huchcha]]''
| Naganna ||
|-
| ''[[Naa Mechida Huduga]]''
| N. Gopinath Rao ||
|-
|rowspan="2"| 1973 || ''[[Devaru Kotta Thangi (1973 film)|Devaru Kotta Thangi]]''
| Ramu ||
|-
| ''[[Mooroovare Vajragalu]]''
| |Krutavarma
|-
|rowspan="2"| 1974 || ''Naanu Balabeku''
| ||
|-
| ''Chamundeshwari Mahime''
| ||
|-
|rowspan="4"| 1975 || ''Ninagagi Naanu''
| ||
|-
| ''[[Mayura (film)|Mayura]]''
| Prince ||
|-
| ''[[Nireekshe]]''
| ||
|-
| ''[[Shubhamangala]]''
| Prabhakar ||
|-
|rowspan="6"| 1976 || ''Aparadhi''
| ||
|-
| ''Baduku Bangaaravaayitu''
| ||
|-
| ''[[Besuge]]''
| Venu || [[Filmfare Award for Best Actor – Kannada]]
|-
| ''Kanasu Nanasu''
| Chandrashekhar ||
|-
| ''Vijayavani''
| ||
|-
| ''Hudugaatada Hudugi''
| ||
|-
|rowspan="5"| 1977 || ''Devara Duddu''
| ||
|-
| ''[[Kakana Kote]]''
| ||
|-
| ''[[Pavana Ganga]]''
| ||
|-
| ''[[Maagiya Kanasu]]''
| ||
|-
| ''Sri Renukadevi Mahatme''
| ||
|-
|rowspan="5"| 1978 || ''Madhura Sangama''
| ||
|-
| ''Vasanta Lakshmi''
| ||
|-
| ''[[Kiladi Jodi]]''
| ||
|-
| ''[[Muyyige Muyyi]]''
| Santosh ||
|-
| ''Halli Haida''
| ||
|-
|rowspan="5"| 1979 || ''Akramana''
| ||
|-
| ''[[Dharmasere]]''
| Maadhu ||
|-
| ''[[Pakka Kalla]]''
| ||
|-
| ''Preethi Madu Tamashe Nodu''
| ||
|-
| ''[[Putani Agent 123]]''
| ||
|-
|rowspan="7"| 1980 || ''Manjina Tere''
| ||
|-
| ''Usha Swayamvara''
| Self || Cameo
|-
| ''Shri Raghavendra Vaibhava''
| || [[Karnataka State Film Award for Best Actor]]
|-
| ''[[Haddina Kannu]]''
| Vinod ||
|-
| ''Pattanakke Banda Patniyaru''
| ||
|-
| ''Rama Parashurama''
| ||
|-
| ''Point Parimala''
| ||
|-
|rowspan="6"| 1981 || ''Koodi Balidare Swarga Sukha''
| ||
|-
| ''Shikari''
| ||
|-
| ''Etu Eduretu''
| ||
|-
| '' Prema Pallavi''
| ||
|-
| '' Number 5 Ekka''
| ||
|-
| '' Premanubandha''
| ||
|-
|rowspan="6"| 1982 || ''Adhrushtavanta''
| ||
|-
| ''Garuda Rekhe''
| ||
|-
| ''[[Tony (1982 film)|Tony]]''
| Prasad ||
|-
| ''Guna Nodi Hennu Kodu''
| ||
|-
| ''[[Hasyaratna Ramakrishna]]''
| [[Krishnadevaraya]] ||
|-
| ''[[Maanasa Sarovara]]''
| Dr. Anand ||
|-
|rowspan="4"| 1983 || ''Chandi Chamundi''
| ||
|-
| '' Aakrosha ''
| ||
|-
| ''[[Dharani Mandala Madhyadolage]]''
| Manohar Nayak ||
|-
| ''Sri Nanjundeshwara Mahime''
| ||
|-
|rowspan="9"| 1984 || ''Baddi Bangaramma''
| ||
|-
| ''[[Eradu Rekhegalu]]''
| ||
|-
| ''[[Gandu Bherunda]]''
| Raju ||
|-
| ''[[Samayada Gombe]]''
| Sqn Ldr Vinod Kumar ||
|-
| ''Pooja Phala''
| ||
|-
| ''Preethi Vatsalya''
| ||
|-
| ''[[Shravana Banthu]]''
| Vishwa ||
|-
| ''Ajnatavasa ''
| ||
|-
| ''[[Yarivanu]]''
| ||
|-
|rowspan="3"| 1985 || ''Kunkuma Tanda Sowbhagya''
| ||
|-
| ''[[Mugila Mallige]]''
| ||
|-
| ''Sati Sakkubai''
| ||
|-
| rowspan="4" | 1986 || ''Mouna Geethe''
| ||
|-
|''[[Aparadhi Nanalla]]''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Aparadhi Nanalla {{!}} Rotten Tomatoes |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/aparadhi_nanalla |access-date=2025-01-24 |website=www.rottentomatoes.com |language=en}}</ref>
|Prakash
|
|-
| '' Nannavaru ''
| ||
|-
| ''Saavira Sullu''
| ||
|-
|rowspan="5"| 1987 || ''Divijaya''
| ||
|-
| ''Dance Raja Dance''
| ||
|-
| '' Hridaya Pallavi ''
| ||
|-
| ''[[Manasa Veene]]''
| ||
|-
| ''Poornachandra''
| ||
|-
|rowspan="6"| 1988 || ''[[Sangliyana]]''
| [[Director general of police]] ||
|-
| ''Baalondu Bhavageethe''
| ||
|-
| ''[[Ganda Mane Makkalu]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Vijaya Khadga]]''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Vijaya Khadga (1988) Kannada movie: Cast & Crew |url=https://chiloka.com/movie/vijaya-khadga-1988 |access-date=2026-03-22 |website=chiloka.com}}</ref>
| [[Assistant commissioner of police|A.C.P.]] Madhav||
|-
| ''Krishna Mechchida Radhe''
| ||
|-
| ''Mathru Vatsalya''
| Srinath ||
|-
|rowspan="6"| 1989 || ''Padmavyuha''
| ||
|-SHARAVEGADA SARADARA'
| ''[[Idu Saadhya]]''
| Ganesh ||
|-
| ''Aananthara''
| ||
|-
| ''Gagana''
| ||
|-
| ''[[Gajapathi Garvabhanga]]''
| Ananthu ||
|-
| ''[[Ade Raaga Ade Haadu]]''
| ||
|-
|rowspan="2"|1990 || ''[[Ajay Vijay]]'' || ||
|-
|''[[Ashwamedha (film)|Ashwamedha]]''
| Dayanand ||
|-
|rowspan="11"| 1991 || ''[[Garuda Dhwaja]]''
| ||
|-
| ''[[Thavarumane Udugore]]''
| ||
|-
| ''Kaliyuga Bheema''
| ||
|-
|''[[Shanti Kranti]]''
| [[Commissioner of Police (India)|Commissioner of Police]] ||
|-
| ''[[Aralida Hoovugalu]]''
| ||
|-
| ''Navataare''
| ||
|-
| ''[[Neenu Nakkare Haalu Sakkare]]''
| Pavan Kumar ||
|-
| ''[[SP Bhargavi]]''
| ||
|-
| ''[[Rowdy & MLA]]''
| ||
|-
| ''Police Matthu Daada''
| ||
|-
| ''[[Mangalya (film)|Mangalya]]''
| ||
|-
|rowspan="6"| 1992 || ''[[Gruhalakshmi (1992 film)|Gruhalakshmi]]''
| ||
|-
| ''[[Sriramachandra]]''
| ||
|-
| ''[[Malashree Mamashree]]''
| ||
|-
| ''[[Bharjari Gandu]]''
| ||
|-
| ''[[Midida Shruthi]]''
| Sampath ||
|-
| ''[[Purushotthama (film)|Purushotthama]]''
| ||
|-
| rowspan="7" |1993
|''[[Vikram 1993 film|Vikram]]''
|Chandrakanth
|
|-
| ''[[Annayya (1993 film)|Annayya]]''
| Manjunathayya ||
|-
| ''Bhagwan Sri Sai Baba''
| Gangabhava ||
|-
|''[[Mahendra Varma]]''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mahendra Varma (1993) Kannada movie: Cast & Crew |url=https://chiloka.com/movie/mahendra-varma-1993 |access-date=2024-05-24 |website=chiloka.com}}</ref>
|Ashok
|
|-
| ''[[Chinnari Mutha]]''
| ||
|-
| ''[[Karulina Koogu]]''
| ||
|-
| ''[[Jaga Mechida Huduga]]''
| Mohan Rao ||
|-
|rowspan="2"| 1994 || ''Beda Krishna Ranginaata''
| ||
|-
| ''Indrana Gedda Narendra''
| ||
|-
|rowspan="3"| 1995 || ''Srigandha''
| ||
|-
| ''[[Gadibidi Aliya]]''
| ||
|-
| ''[[Mana Midiyithu]]''
| ||
|-
| rowspan="1"|1996 || ''[[Annavra Makkalu]]''
| ||
|-
| 1997 || ''[[Prema Raga Haadu Gelathi]]''
| ||
|-
| rowspan="2" | 1998 || ''[[Mr. Putsami]]''
| ||
|-
|''[[My Dear Tiger]]''<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=shared&v=sTuVZAYiA78 |title=My Dear Tiger – ಮೈ ಡಿಯರ್ ಟೈಗರ್{{!}} Kannada Full Movie {{!}} Tiger Prabhakar, Srinath, Sathyapriya |date=2015-05-29 |last=SRS Media Vision {{!}} Kannada Full Movies |access-date=2025-03-04 |via=YouTube}}</ref>
|Police Commissioner
|
|-
| 1999 || ''[[Swasthik]]''
| ||
|-
| 2000 || ''[[Yare Nee Abhimani]]''
| ||
|-
|rowspan="2"| 2001 || ''[[Yuvaraja (film)|Yuvaraja]]''
| Vishwanath ||
|-
| ''[[Premakke Sai]]''
| ||
|-
|rowspan="3"| 2002 || ''[[Chandu (2002 film)|Chandu]]''
| Vidya's father
|
|-
| ''[[Dhumm]]''
| Varada and Shankar's father ||
|-
| ''[[Manasella Neene]]''
| Mohan Rao ||
|-
| rowspan="2"| 2003 || ''[[Neenandre Ishta]]'' || ||
|-
|''[[Hrudayavantha]]''
| ||
|-
| rowspan="2"|2004 || ''[[Poorvapara]]''
| ||
|-
|''[[Nalla]]''
| Preethi's father ||
|-
| 2005 || ''[[Sye (2005 film)|Sye]]''
| Chakri's father ||
|-
|rowspan="3"| 2006 || ''[[Dattha]]''
| Shantiveerappa ||
|-
| ''[[Ajay (2006 film)|Ajay]]''
| Padma's father ||
|-
| ''[[Sirivantha]]''
| Subbu ||
|-
| 2008 || ''[[Satya in Love]]''
| ||
|-
| rowspan="2"|2009 || ''[[Jhossh]]'' || Meera's father ||
|-
|''[[Raam (2009 film)|Raam]]''
| Raghunath Prasad ||
|-
| 2010 || ''[[Kiccha Huccha]]''
| Aishwarya's father ||
|-
| rowspan="1"|2011 || ''[[Prema Chandrama]]'' || ||
|-
| 2012 || ''[[Bhagirathi (film)|Bhageerathi]]''
| Mallanagowda ||
|-
|rowspan="3"| 2013 || ''[[Andhar Bahar]]''
| ||
|-
| ''[[Chandra (film)|Chandra]]''
| Maharaja ||
|-
| ''[[Mandahasa]]''
| ||
|-
|2014
|''[[Mr. and Mrs. Ramachari]]''
| Venkatesh ||
|-
| 2015 || ''[[Narayana Saw Me ]]''
| || short film;<ref>{{cite web|url=http://biffes.in/movie/narayana-saw-me |title=NARAYANA SAW ME | Bengaluru International Film Festival |website=Biffes.in |date=2014-06-20 |accessdate=2017-05-06|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170418090203/http://biffes.in/movie/narayana-saw-me/|archive-date=18 April 2017}}</ref> [[Best Actor Celebrity Appearance - 3rd ISFFB]]
|-
| 2016 || ''[[Suli (2016 film)|Suli]]''
| Buden Sahab ||
|-
| 2017 || ''[[Bangara s/o Bangarada Manushya]]''
| Physician || Cameo
|-
|2019
|''[[Kurukshetra (2019 film)|Muniratna Kurukshetra]]''
|[[Dhritarashtra]]
|
|-
| 2022 || ''[[Gaalipata 2]]''
| College principal ||
|-
|2026
|''[[Raktha Kashmira]]''
|Himself
|Special appearance in song
|}

=== Other language films ===
{|class="wikitable sortable"
! Year !! Film title
! Role !! Language !! Notes
|-
| 1991
|''[[Shanti Kranti]]''
| [[Commissioner of Police (India)|Commissioner of Police]] || [[Telugu language|Telugu]]
|
|-
| 1996 || ''[[Korukunna Priyudu]]''
| || rowspan="2"|Telugu
|
|-
| rowspan="2"|2011 || ''[[Keratam]]''
| Geetha's father
|
|-
|''Yuvan'' || Meena's father || Tamil
|
|}

== Television ==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Year
! Title
! Role
! Channel
! Note
! {{Ref.}}
|-
|2002 || ''Cheeti Cheeti'' || || || || <ref>{{cite web |last1=Rao |first1=Sabitha |title=Cheeti, anyone? |url=http://www.deccanherald.com/deccanherald/jun30/ent4.htm |website=Deccan Herald |access-date=4 April 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20021120001241/http://www.deccanherald.com/deccanherald/jun30/ent4.htm |archive-date=20 November 2002 |date=30 June 2002 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
|2012–2013||''[[Thyagam (TV series)|Thyagam]]''||Thirumalai || [[Sun TV (India)|Sun TV]] ||[[Tamil (language)|Tamil]] serial ||
|-
|2013–2015||''Bangara''|| ||rowspan=4|[[Udaya TV]] || ||
|-
|2013–2014||''Anuraga Sangama''||[[Doctor (title)|Dr.]] Krishnaprasad || ||
|-
|2016–2018||''Adarsha Dampatigalu''||Host ||||
|-
|2018–2019||''Manasa Sarovara''||Psychiatrist [[Doctor (title)|Dr.]] Anand ||||
|-
|2022–present||''Jodi No 1''||Judge||[[Zee Kannada]] || ||
|-
|2023
|''[[Farzi]]''
|Madhav
|[[Amazon Prime Video]]
|Dubbed for Kannada version; webseries
|
|-
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb name|5696171|Srinath}}
* [http://www.chitraranga.com/en/profiles/srinath.asp Srinath's Profile on Chitraranga.com]

{{Karnataka State Film Award for Best Actor}}
{{FilmfareKannadaBestActor}}{{Filmfare Lifetime Achievement Award – South}}
{{authority control}}

[[Category:Male actors in Kannada cinema]]
[[Category:Indian male film actors]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Male actors from Mysore]]
[[Category:1944 births]]
[[Category:Filmfare Awards South winners]]
[[Category:Kannada male actors]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian male actors]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian male actors]]
[[Category:Businesspeople from Mysore]]
[[Category:Indian television presenters]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Rajyotsava Award 2003]]
[[Category:Karnataka State Film Award winners]]

James Brooke

2026-05-07T10:44:15Z

Wavage786: Creating A Details!

{{Short description|British ruler in Sarawak from 1841 to 1868}}
{{Other people|James Brooke}}
{{Use British English|date=April 2018}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2021}}
{{Infobox royalty
| name = {{nobold|{{small|[[Sir]]}}}} James Brooke {{nobold|{{small|{{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|KCB}}}}}}
| image = Sir-James-Brooke.jpg
| caption = Portrait by [[Herbert Watkins]], 1858
| succession = [[White Rajahs|Rajah of Sarawak]]
| reign = 18 August 1842 – 11 June 1868
| coronation = 18 August 1842
| cor-type = Malaysia
| predecessor = [[Sultan Tengah]] (as Sultan of Sarawak) [[History of Brunei|Pengiran Indera Mahkota Mohammad Salleh]] (as Governor of Sarawak)
| successor = [[Charles Brooke, Rajah of Sarawak|Charles Brooke]]
| house = [[White Rajahs|Brooke dynasty]]
| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1803|4|29}}
| birth_place = [[Bandel]], [[Hooghly District|Hooghly]], [[Bengal Presidency]]<ref name="Brooke birth place">{{cite book|last=Shore|first=T.T.|title=Cassell's Biographical Dictionary, etc. [With plates. Edited by T. T. Shore.]|publisher=Cassell, Petter & Galpin|series=Cassell's biographical dictionary [ed. by T.T. Shore]|year=1867|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CdBRT6uBISEC&pg=PA393|access-date=11 February 2025}}</ref>
| death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|1868|6|11|1803|4|29}}
| death_place = [[Burrator]], [[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland|United Kingdom]]
| burial_place = St Leonard's Church, [[Sheepstor]], [[Dartmoor]]
| mother = Anna Maria Brooke
| father = Thomas Brooke
| occupation = Soldier, trader, independent gentleman, mercenary, governor
| consort = 
| issue = Reuben George Walker (Brooke)
| issue-link =
| issue-pipe =
| issue-type =
| signature_type =
| signature =
| module = {{Infobox officeholder
| embed = yes
| order = 1st
| office = Governor of Labuan
| monarch = [[Queen Victoria]]
| term_start = 1848
| term_end = 1853
| lieutenant = [[William Napier (lawyer)|William Napier]] (1848–1850) [[John Scott (governor)|John Scott]] (1850–1856)
| predecessor = ''Newly created''
| successor = George Warren Edwardes
}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| embed = yes
| order = 1st
| office = Consul General to the Sultan and Independent Chiefs of Borneo
| term_start = 1847
| term_end = 1853
| successor = [[Spenser St. John]]
| allegiance = {{Flagu|British Empire|size=23px}}
| branch = [[Bengal Army]], [[British East India Company]]
| service_years = 1819–1830
| rank = Lieutenant<ref>{{cite book|last1=Brown|first1=G.H.|last2=Clark|first2=F.|title=East-India Register and Directory for 1829|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=2gQLAQAAIAAJ&pg=GBS.PA64|year=1829|publisher=Secretary's Office, East-India House}}</ref>
| unit = 6th Regiment Native Infantry<ref>{{cite book|last1=Brown|first1=G.H.|last2=Clark|first2=F.|title=East-India Register and Directory for 1829|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=2gQLAQAAIAAJ&pg=GBS.PA64|year=1829|publisher=Secretary's Office, East-India House}}</ref>
| commands =
| battles = [[First Anglo-Burmese War]] (1824–1825) [[Sarawak Uprising of 1836]] (1836–1838; as a mercenary)
| awards =
| relations =
| laterwork =
}}
}}

'''Sir James Brooke''' (29 April 1803<ref>[http://dspace.wbpublibnet.gov.in:8080/jspui/bitstream/10689/13857/3/Chapter2_108-187p.pdf ''Calcutta Monthly Journal''] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140808045312/http://dspace.wbpublibnet.gov.in:8080/jspui/bitstream/10689/13857/3/Chapter2_108-187p.pdf |date=8 August 2014 }}, May 1803, p. 158, "Bengal Births. … At Bandel, on the 29th ultimo, the Lady of T. Brooke, Esq. of a Son"</ref> – 11 June 1868),<ref name="Brooke biography">{{cite news|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lCRkAAAAIBAJ&dq=raj+of+sarawak&pg=PA4&article_id=2624,5882074|title=This Week's Great Day|last=Conway|first=Charles|newspaper=[[The Calgary Daily Herald]]|date=9 June 1930|access-date=12 February 2025}}</ref> was a British soldier and adventurer who founded the [[Raj of Sarawak]] in [[Borneo]]. He ruled as the first [[White Rajahs|White Rajah]] of Sarawak from 1841 until his death in 1868.

Brooke was born and raised in [[Company rule in India|India]] during the rule of the British [[East India Company]]. After a few years of education in England, he served in the [[Bengal Army]], was wounded, and resigned his commission. He then bought a ship and sailed to the [[Malay Archipelago]] where, in gratitude for helping to crush a rebellion, he was rewarded by the [[Sultan of Brunei]] with the position of governor of Sarawak. He then vigorously suppressed piracy in the region and, in the ensuing turmoil, restored the sultan to his throne,{{Citation needed|date=February 2025}} for which Brooke was made the [[rajah]] of Sarawak. He ruled until his death.

Brooke was not without detractors. He was criticised in the [[British Parliament]] and officially investigated in [[Singapore in the Straits Settlements|Singapore]] for his anti-piracy measures. He was, however, honoured and feted in London for his activities in [[Southeast Asia]]. The naturalist [[Alfred Russel Wallace]] was one of many visitors whose published work spoke of Brooke's hospitality and achievements.

==Early life==

[[File:National Museum KL 2008 (54).JPG|thumb|left|Attack by [[Illanun people|Illanun]] pirates on Brooke's ''Jolly Bachelor'', T. Datu, 1843]]

Brooke was born in [[Bandel]], near [[Calcutta]], [[Bengal Presidency|Bengal]], but baptised<ref>Birth and Baptism records http://indiafamily.bl.uk/ui/FullDisplay.aspx?RecordId=014-000031913 {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160818093138/http://indiafamily.bl.uk/UI/FullDisplay.aspx?RecordId=014-000031913 |date=18 August 2016 }}</ref> in Secrole, a suburb of [[Varanasi|Benares]].<ref name="Brooke birth place"/> His father, Thomas Brooke, was an English judge in the Court of Appeal at [[Bareilly]], [[British India]]. His mother, Anna Maria, was born in [[Hertfordshire]] and was the daughter of Scottish [[peerage|peer]] Colonel William Stuart, 9th [[Lord Blantyre]], and his mistress Harriott Teasdale.

Brooke lived in India until he was sent to England at the age of 12 for a brief education at [[Norwich School (educational institution)|Norwich School]] from which he ran away. Some home tutoring followed in [[Bath, Somerset|Bath]] before he returned to India in 1819 as an [[ensign (rank)|ensign]] in the [[Bengal Army]] of the British [[East India Company]]. He saw action in [[Assam]] during the [[First Anglo-Burmese War]] until he was seriously wounded in 1825 and sent to England for recovery. In 1830, he arrived back in [[Madras]] but was too late to rejoin his unit, and resigned his commission. He remained on the ship on which he had travelled out, the ''[[Castle Huntly (1812 EIC ship)|Castle Huntley]]'', and returned home via China.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Jacob|first1=Gertrude L.|title=The Raja of Sarawak: An Account of Sir James Brooke, given chiefly through Letters and Journals, in Two Volumes, Vol. I|url=https://archive.org/details/rajasarwakanacc03jacogoog/page/n22/mode/2up|year=1876|publisher=Macmillan and Co.}}</ref>

==Sarawak==

[[File:Royalist 1834 - Royal Yacht Squadron.jpg|thumb|left|Royalist 1834 – Royal Yacht Squadron – illustrated 1909]]

Brooke attempted to trade in the [[Far East]], but was not successful. In 1835, he inherited £30,000 (£3M or US$3.7M in 2022 currency), which he used as capital to purchase the ''[[Royalist (schooner)|Royalist]],'' a 142-ton [[schooner]].<ref>{{cite book | last =James | first =Lawrence | title =The Rise and Fall of the British Empire | publisher =St. Martin's Griffin | year =1997 | orig-year =1994 | location =New York| pages =244–245 | isbn =0-312-16985-X}}</ref> Setting sail for [[Borneo]] in 1838, he arrived in [[Kuching]] in August to find the settlement facing an uprising against the [[Sultan of Brunei]]. In [[Raj of Sarawak|Sarawak]] he met the Sultan's uncle, [[Prince Hashim of Brunei|Pengiran Muda Hashim]], to whom he gave assistance in crushing the rebellion, winning the gratitude of Sultan [[Omar Ali Saifuddin II]] of Brunei, who, in 1841, offered Brooke the governorship of Sarawak in return for his help.

Brooke was successful in suppressing the widespread piracy in the region. However, some Malay nobles in Brunei, unhappy over Brooke's measures against piracy, arranged for the murder of Muda Hashim and his followers. Brooke, with assistance from a unit of Britain's [[China Squadron]], took over Brunei and restored its sultan to the throne.

In 1842, the Sultan ceded complete sovereignty of Sarawak to Brooke, who was granted the title of [[Rajah of Sarawak]] on 24 September 1841, although the official declaration was not made until 18 August 1842. Brooke's cousin, Arthur Chichester Crookshank (1825–1891), joined his service on 1 March 1843 and was appointed as a magistrate.

==Cession of Labuan to Great Britain==

[[File:Anglo Bruni Treaty 1844.jpg|thumb|left|James Brooke and [[Edward Belcher|Sir Edward Belcher]] negotiating with the [[Sultan of Brunei]], Oct 1844 which eventually led to the signing of the [[Treaty of Labuan]] between the [[Brunei]] sultanate and the British delegation on 18 December 1846 at the court of Brunei, in which [[Labuan]] was ceded to Great Britain.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Marryat|first1=Frank|title=Borneo and the Indian Archipelago with Drawings of Costume and Scenery|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=XM5CAAAAcAAJ&pg=GBS.PA114&hl=en|year=1848|publisher=Longman, Brown, Green and Longmans|isbn=978-981-05-8830-4 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Belcher|first1=Edward|title=Narrative of the Voyage of H.M.S. 'Samarang', During the Years 1843–46; Employed surveying the Islands of the Eastern Archipelago Vol. 1|date=2024 |publisher=Reeve, Benham, and Reeve |url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=jotKAAAAYAAJ&pg=GBS.PA174}}</ref><ref name="lb history">{{cite book|author1=Stephen R. Evans|author2=Abdul Rahman Zainal|author3=Rod Wong Khet Ngee|title=The History of Labuan Island (Victoria Island)|url=http://library.perdana.org.my/Digital_Content/NLM/Batch3/B03_PDF_DVD001/15%20sep/M959.521EVAHistoryOfLabuanVictoriaIsland.pdf|year=1996|publisher=Calendar Print Pte Ltd|isbn=981-00-7764-5|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130701160652/http://library.perdana.org.my/Digital_Content/NLM/Batch3/B03_PDF_DVD001/15%20sep/M959.521EVAHistoryOfLabuanVictoriaIsland.pdf|archive-date=1 July 2013}}</ref>]]

In 1844, Brooke began anti-pirate operations off north-east Sumatra with ships of the Royal Navy and the East India Company. On 12 February, at Murdu, he received a gunshot wound to his right arm and a spear cut to his eyebrow during the second engagement.<ref>[https://www.gutenberg.org/files/52873/52873-h/52873-h.htm#Page_103 Baring-Gould & Bampfylde, p. 103]</ref> Later in 1844, the Sultan offered to cede the island of [[Labuan Territory|Labuan]] to the British but terms were not discussed at that time.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Brooke |first=James |url=https://reader.library.cornell.edu/docviewer/digital?id=sea:214b#page/42/mode/2up |title=The private letters of Sir James Brooke, K.C.B., Rajah of Sarawak : narrating the events of his life, from 1838 to the present time |publisher=W. Clowes and Sons |volume=2 |location=Stamford Street and Charing Cross, London |pages=34–35 |chapter=Chapter II: Nov. 17, 1844, to April 4, 1845 |quote=At the same time I got from the sultan and him, the offer of Labuan for the Government. I intended originally to have reserved this document, and only to have used it in case it became necessary; but as wished to forward it, I could have no objection to his doing so. It can do no harm, and may do good – is most favourable this year to forward my views, and I believe he has written in high strains; with what effect we shall see hereafter. Labuan we examined, and it is an island well fitted for a Government establishment|access-date=23 April 2022}}</ref> In November 1846, Captain Rodney Mundy was ordered to obtain the cession of Labuan. He negotiated the cession on 18 December 1846 and took possession of Labuan on 24 December 1846.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Mundy|first1=Rodney|title=Narrative of Events in Borneo and Celebes, down to the Occupation of Labuan: from the Journals of James Brooke, Esq. Vol. 1|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=FB1JAAAAcAAJ&pg=GBS.PA294-IA2&hl=en|year=1848|publisher=John Murray}}</ref> James Brooke was appointed governor and commander-in-chief of [[Crown Colony of Labuan|Labuan]] in 1848.<ref>{{Cite book |last=St. John |first=Sir Spencer |chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/lifesirjamesbro01johngoog/page/n148/mode/2up?view=theater |title=The life of Sir James Brooke: rajah of Sarawak: from his personal papers and correspondence |publisher=William Blackwood and Sons |year=1879 |location=Edinburgh and London |pages=129 |chapter=Mr. Brooke visits England: Visit to the Queen |quote=During his stay in England, Mr Brooke was appointed Governor of the new settlement of Labuan … with orders to be ready to start from Portsmouth on the 1st February 1848 |author-link=Spenser St. John |access-date=23 April 2022}}</ref>

==Reign==

[[File:Sir James Brooke (1847) by Francis Grant.jpg|thumb|''[[Portrait of Sir James Brooke]]'' in 1847 by [[Francis Grant (artist)|Francis Grant]]]]

During his reign, Brooke began to cement his rule over Sarawak: reforming the administration, codifying laws and fighting piracy, which proved to be an ongoing problem throughout his rule.<ref>{{cite thesis |last=Lewis |first=Angela |date=2019 |title=Rajah Brooke and the ‘pirates’ of Borneo: A nineteenth century public debate on sea power |degree=PhD |publisher=University of New South Wales Canberra}}</ref> Brooke returned temporarily to England in 1847, where he was given the [[Freedom of the City]] of [[City of London|London]],<ref>"The Literary Gazette and Journal of the Belles Lettres, Arts, Sciences, &c: Saturday, October 23, 1847 – Varieties". [https://books.google.com/books?id=C4RGAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA757 ''The Literary Gazette A Weekly Journal of Literature, Science, and the Fine Arts''.] London: Henry Silverlock, Wardrobe Terrace, Doctors' Commons. 1847. p. 757. Retrieved 22 April 2022. <q>The City of London, on the motion of Sir P. Laurie, has done itself honour by voting its Freedom in a gold box, to James Brooke, the rajah of Sarawak, and the regenerator of the Indian Archipelago</q></ref> appointed British [[consul-general]] in Borneo,<ref>{{Cite news |date=23 July 1847 |title=The London Gazette |pages=2690 |issue=20757 |url=https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/20757/page/2690 |access-date=22 April 2020}}</ref> and created a [[Knight Commander]] of the [[Order of the Bath]] (KCB).<ref>{{Cite news |date=28 April 1848 |title=The London Gazette |pages=1655 |issue=20850 |url=https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/20850/page/1655 |access-date=22 April 2022}}</ref>

Brooke pacified the native peoples, including the [[Dayak people|Dayaks]], and suppressed [[headhunting]] and piracy. He had many Dayaks in his forces.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://ibancustoms.wordpress.com/iban-heroes/ |title=Iban Heroes |date=8 June 2009 |work=Iban Customs & Traditions |access-date=3 December 2016}}</ref>

[[File:Borneo and the Indian Archipelago.png|left|thumb|James Brooke's House in [[Kuching]], 1848]]

In 1851, Brooke was accused of using excessive force against the native people, under the guise of anti-piracy operations, leading to the appointment of a Commission of Inquiry in [[Singapore in the Straits Settlements|Singapore]] in 1854. After an investigation, the commission dismissed the charges.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://archive.spectator.co.uk/article/29th-january-1910/40/the-rajahs-of-sarawak |title=The Rajahs of Sarawak |work=[[The Spectator]] |date=29 January 1910}}</ref>

Brooke wrote to [[Alfred Russel Wallace]] on leaving England in April 1853, "to assure Wallace that he would be very glad to see him at Sarawak."<ref>{{Cite book|edition=3. pr. and 1. paperback pr|title=Alfred Russel Wallace: a life|publisher=Princeton University Press|date=2002|location=Princeton, N.J.|isbn=978-0-691-10240-5|first=Peter|last=Raby|pages=87}}</ref> That invitation helped Wallace decide on the Malay Archipelago for his next expedition, an expedition that lasted for eight years and established him as one of the foremost Victorian intellectuals and naturalists of the time. When Wallace arrived in Singapore in September 1854, he found Rajah Brooke "reluctantly preparing to give evidence to the special commission set up to investigate his controversial anti-piracy activities."<ref>Raby, p. 100.</ref>

During his rule, Brooke suppressed an uprising by [[Liu Shan Bang]] in 1857, and managed to suppress threats from Sarawak warriors like [[Sharif Masahor]] and [[Rentap]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Sir James Brooke's personal narrative of the insurrection at Sarawak|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1301&dat=18570731&id=ofFhAAAAIBAJ&pg=5107,4628782&hl=en|access-date=22 February 2017|work=[[The Sydney Morning Herald]]|date=31 July 1857}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=Heidhues, MFS|year=2003|title=Golddiggers, farmers, and traders in the 'Chinese Districts' of West Kalimantan, Indonesia|publisher=SEAP Ithaca, New York|page=102}}</ref>

==Personal life==

James Brooke was "a great admirer" of the novels of [[Jane Austen]], and would "read them and re-read them", including aloud to his companions in Sarawak.<ref>Spenser St John, ''The Life of Sir James Brooke, Rajah of Sarawak''{{page needed|date=September 2024}}{{ISBN?}}</ref>

[[File:Muda Hashim negotiating with English explorer James Brooke.jpg|upright|thumb|1923 Illustration by R. Caton II Woodville "Sir James Brooke in Borneo 1842"]]

Brooke was influenced by the success of previous British adventurers and the exploits of the [[East India Company]]. His actions in Sarawak were directed at increasing and securing his own personal wealth, expanding the [[British Empire]], and fighting [[piracy]] and [[slavery]]. His own abilities, and those of his successors, provided Sarawak with modern infrastructure and resulted in both fame and notoriety. His appointment as rajah by the Sultan, and his subsequent knighthood, are evidence both of his shrewd negotiating and political skills, and his willingness to use violent force to suppress his opponents and achieve his goals.{{Citation needed|date=December 2010}}

Among his alleged relationships was one with Badruddin, a Sarawakian prince, of whom he wrote, "my love for him was deeper than anyone I knew." This phrase led to some considering him to be either homosexual or bisexual. Later, in 1848, Brooke is alleged to have formed a relationship with 16‑year‑old Charles T.C. Grant, grandson of the seventh [[Earl of Elgin]], who supposedly reciprocated.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hyam |first=Ronald |title=Empire and Sexuality: The British Experience |publisher=[[Manchester University Press]] |year=1991 |isbn=9780719025051 |location=Manchester |pages=44–45}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|author=Walker, J.H.|title=This peculiar acuteness of feeling: James Brooke and the enactment of desire|journal=Borneo Research Bulletin|volume=29|year=1998|pages=148–189}}</ref> Whether that relationship was merely a friendship or otherwise is not known. [[Nigel Barley (anthropologist)|Nigel Barley]], one of Brooke's recent biographers, wrote that during Brooke's final years in [[Burrator]] in Devon "there is little doubt ... he was carnally involved with the [[Trade (gay slang)#Rough trade|rough trade]] of [[Totnes]]."<ref>Barley, p. 208.</ref> However, Barley does not note from where he garnered that opinion. Others have suggested Brooke was instead "homo-social" and simply preferred the social company of other men, disagreeing with assertions he was a homosexual.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=CqNuAAAAMAAJ ''The White Rajahs of Sarawak: A Borneo Dynasty''] by Bob Reece (Archipelago Press, 2004)</ref>

[[File:Rajah James Brooke.jpg|thumb|upright|Brooke circa 1860]]

Although Brooke died unmarried, he did acknowledge a son to his family in 1858. Neither the identity of the son's mother nor his birth date is clear. The son was brought up as Reuben George Walker in the Brighton household of Frances Walker (1841 and 1851 census, apparently born {{Circa|1836}}). By 1858, he was aware of his connection to Brooke and, by 1871, he was recorded by the census as "George Brooke", age 40, in the parish of [[Plumtree, Nottinghamshire]], birthplace "Sarawak, Borneo".

Reuben married Martha Elizabeth Mowbray on 10 July 1862, and had seven children, three of whom survived infancy. The oldest was named James.{{Citation needed|date=June 2020}} George died travelling to Australia, in the wrecking of the SS ''British Admiral''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kingisland.net.au/~maritime/britishadmiral.htm |title=British Admiral wreck |publisher=Kingisland.net.au |access-date=6 February 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.slv.vic.gov.au/vicpamphlets/0/0/1/pdf/vp0010.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=18 January 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080228143205/http://www.slv.vic.gov.au/vicpamphlets/0/0/1/pdf/vp0010.pdf |archive-date=28 February 2008 }}</ref> on 23 May 1874. A memorial to this effect – giving a birthdate of 1834 – is in the churchyard at Plumtree.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.keyworth-history.org.uk/about/reports/0509.htm|title=September 2005 Meeting Report|publisher=Keyworth Local History Society|access-date=6 February 2013|archive-date=3 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303185717/http://www.keyworth-history.org.uk/about/reports/0509.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref>

In a letter to the Foreign Office on 19 July 1915, Francis William Douglas (1874–1953), the Acting Resident for Brunei and Labuan from November 1913 to January 1915, stated that he heard from Pengiran Anak Hashima that Brooke had been married to her aunt Pengiran Fatima, the daughter of Pengiran Anak Abdul Kadir and also the granddaughter of [[Muhammad Kanzul Alam]], the 21st Sultan of Brunei. Douglas went on to say that he had met Dr Ogilvie who told him that he had met a daughter of Rajah Brooke in 1866. She was married but "evidently had foreign blood in her."<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Brown|first=D.E.|date=1972|title=Another affair of James Brooke?|url=|journal=Bruneian Museum Journal|language=en|volume=2|issue=4|page=206|doi=|s2cid=|issn=}}</ref>

==Succession, death and burial==

Having no legitimate children, in 1861 he formally named his nephew, Captain [[John Brooke Johnson Brooke]], as his successor. Two years later, the Rajah reacted to criticism by returning to the East. After a brief meeting in Singapore, John was deposed and banished from Sarawak. James Brooke increased the charges against John to treasonous conduct and later named John's younger brother, [[Charles Anthoni Johnson Brooke]], as his successor.

[[File:Brookes graves in Sheepstor.jpg|thumb|The red granite chest tomb to James Brooke in [[Sheepstor]] churchyard]]

On 11 June 1868, Brooke died in [[Burrator]], [[Dartmoor]], [[Devon]], in south-west England, having suffered three strokes during his last ten years, and was buried at the graveyard of St Leonard's Church in [[Sheepstor]].

[[File:Sheepstor Church Devon Nepenthes rajah.JPG|thumb|A memorial stained glass window in St Leonard's Church, Sheepstor, dedicated to those from Sarawak who died in World War II. It depicts a butterfly, a moth, and [[nepenthes|pitcher plants]], two of which were named after James Brooke]]

==In popular culture==

Fictionalised accounts of Brooke's exploits in Sarawak include ''[[Kalimantaan]]'' by C.S. Godshalk and ''The White Rajah'' by [[Nicholas Monsarrat]]. Another book, also called ''The White Rajah'', by Tom Williams, was published by JMS Books in 2010. Brooke is also featured in ''[[Flashman's Lady]]'', the sixth book in [[George MacDonald Fraser]]'s meticulously researched ''[[The Flashman Papers]]'' novels.

James Brooke was the main antagonist in the second and third novels of [[Emilio Salgari]]'s [[Sandokan]] series. He was played by [[Adolfo Celi]] in the [[Sandokan (1976 TV series)|1976 television adaptation]] and by [[Ed Westwick]] in the [[Sandokan (2025 TV series)|2025 series]].

Brooke was also a model for the hero of [[Joseph Conrad]]'s novel ''[[Lord Jim]]'', and is briefly mentioned in [[Rudyard Kipling]]'s short story "[[The Man Who Would Be King]]".

[[Charles Kingsley]] dedicated the novel ''[[Westward Ho! (novel)|Westward Ho!]]'' (1855) to Brooke.

In 1936, [[Errol Flynn]] intended to star in a film for [[Warner Bros.]] of Brooke's life, titled ''The White Rajah'', based on a script by Flynn himself. However, although the project was announced for filming, it was never made.<ref>{{Cite news |title=News of the Screen: Gable and Shearer for 'Pride or Prejudice' – Hawaiian Setting for Bing Crosby Film |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=1 September 1936 |page=24}}</ref>

In September 2016, a film based on Brooke's life was to be made in [[Sarawak]] with the support of [[Abang Abdul Rahman Johari Abang Openg|Abang Abdul Rahman Johari]] of the [[Government of Sarawak]], with writer [[Rob Allyn]] and [[Sergei Bodrov]] as its director. The Brooke Heritage Trust, a non-profit organisation, was to serve as the film's technical advisors, with one of them being [[Jason Brooke]], the current heir of the Brooke family.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.star2.com/entertainment/movies/movie-news/2017/07/06/white-rajah-malaysias-first-hollywood-epic-film/|title=White Rajah: Malaysia's first Hollywood epic film|date=6 July 2017|work=Star2.com|access-date=4 December 2018|archive-date=4 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181204102009/https://www.star2.com/entertainment/movies/movie-news/2017/07/06/white-rajah-malaysias-first-hollywood-epic-film/|url-status=dead|last=Cheang|first=Michael}}</ref> The film, titled ''[[Edge of the World (2021 film)|Edge of the World]]'', directed by [[Michael Haussman]], was released in 2021.

==Honours and Arms==

===British Honours===

* '''KCB''': [[Order of the Bath|Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath]], ''1848''

===Arms===

Source:<ref>{{cite web |url=http://archive.brooketrust.org/DA/showObject.php?id=MPS83.15.C.6.2 |title=Photostat of original letter written by J.P. Brooke-Little, Bluemantle Pursuivant of Arms to Margaret Noble |last=Brooke-Little |first=J.P. |website=The Brooke Trust |publisher= |access-date= 2022-07-25 |quote=}}</ref>
{{Infobox COA wide
|image={{center|[[File:Coat of arms of Sir James Brooke.svg|200px]]}}
|escutcheon = Or a Cross engrailed per cross indented, Azure and Sable in the first quarter an Estoile of the second.
|crest = On an Eastern Crown Or a Brock Proper ducally gorged also Or.
|motto = Dum Spiro Spero
|symbolism =
|year_adopted = 9 November 1848
|notes =
}}

==Legacy==

===Species named after Brooke===

Some Bornean plant [[species]] were named in Brooke's honour:
* ''Rhododendron brookeanum'', a flowering plant named by [[Hugh Low]] and [[John Lindley]],<ref>{{citation |author=Lindley |first1=John |title=A notice of some species of ''Rhododendron'' inhabiting Borneo |journal=The Journal of the Horticultural Society of London |volume=3 |pages=81–84 |year=1848 |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/37844#page/91/mode/1up |last2=Low |first2=Hugh}}</ref> now included in ''[[Rhododendron javanicum]]''
* Rajah Brooke's pitcher plant (''[[Nepenthes rajah]]''), a [[pitcher plant]] named by [[Joseph Dalton Hooker]]

also insects:
* Rajah Brooke's birdwing (''[[Trogonoptera brookiana]]''), a butterfly named by [[Alfred R. Wallace]]
* Rajah Brooke's stag beetle, ''Lucanus brookeanus'' Snellen Van Vollenhoven, 1861 = ''[[Odontolabis]] brookeana'', collected by Alfred R. Wallace<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://wallacefund.info/content/iconic-species-discovered-alfred-russel-wallace |title=Beccialoni, George |access-date=30 March 2018 |archive-date=30 March 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180330080005/http://wallacefund.info/content/iconic-species-discovered-alfred-russel-wallace |url-status=dead }}</ref>

three species of reptiles:<ref>Beolens, Bo; Watkins, Michael; Grayson, Michael (2011). ''The Eponym Dictionary of Reptiles''. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. xiii + 296 pp. {{ISBN|978-1-4214-0135-5}}. ("Brooke", p. 39).</ref>
* Brooke's house gecko, ''[[Hemidactylus brookii]]''
* Brooke's sea snake, ''[[Hydrophis brooki]]i''
* Brooke's keeled skink, ''[[Tropidophorus brookei]]''

and a snail:
* ''Bertia (Ryssota) brookei'' (Adams & Reeve, 1848)

===Places named after Brooke===

In 1857, the native village of Newash in [[Grey County]], Ontario, Canada, was renamed Brooke and the adjacent township was named Sarawak by [[William Keppel, 7th Earl of Albemarle|William Coutts Keppel]] (known as Viscount Bury, later the 7th [[Earl of Albemarle]]) who was Superintendent of Indian Affairs in Canada.<ref>Marsh, Edith L. ''A History of the County of Grey''. Owen Sound, Ont.: Fleming, 1931, pp. 210–211.</ref> James Brooke was a close friend of Viscount Bury's uncle, [[Henry Keppel]] having met in 1843 while fighting pirates off the coast of Borneo.<ref>Jacob, Gertrude L. ''The Raja of Saráwak: An Account of Sir James Brooke''. London: Macmillan, 1876, vol. 1, ch. XIII.</ref> Townships to the northwest of Sarawak were named Keppel and Albemarle. In 2001, Sarawak and Keppel became part of the township of [[Georgian Bluffs]]; Albemarle joined the town of South Bruce Peninsula in 1999. Keppel-Sarawak School is located in [[Owen Sound]], Ontario.

[[Brooke's Point]], a major municipality on the island of [[Palawan]], [[Philippines]], is named after him. Both Brooke's Lighthouse and Brooke's Port are historical landmarks in Brooke's Point and are believed to have been constructed by James Brooke. Today, owing to erosion and the constant movement of the tides, only a few stones can still be seen at the Port. The remnants of the original lighthouse tower are still visible, although the area now has a new lighthouse.

==Notes==

{{Refbegin}}
:a.{{Note label|A|a|none}}The term ''[[Rajah]]'' reflects traditional usage in Sarawak and English writing, although ''[[Raja]]'' may be better orthography in Malay. 'Rajah' means 'King'.
{{refend}}

==References==
{{Reflist|33em}}

==Sources==

{{more footnotes needed|date=June 2013}}
* Barley, Nigel (2002), ''White Rajah'', Time Warner: London. {{ISBN|978-0-316-85920-2}}.
* Cavendish, Richard, "Birth of Sir James Brooke", ''History Today''. April 2003, Vol. 53, Issue 4.
* Doering, Jonathan. [https://web.archive.org/web/20040818082946/http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m2242/is_1650_282/ai_105744930 "The Enigmatic Sir James Brooke."] ''Contemporary Review'', July 2003. (Book review of ''White Rajah'' by Nigel Barley. Little, Brown. {{ISBN|0-316-85920-6}}.)
* Jacob, Gertrude Le Grand. [https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_PxitW5OknrMC ''The Raja of Saráwak: An Account of Sir James Brooks. K.C.B., LL.D., Given Chiefly Through Letters and Journals'']. London: MacMillan, 1876.
* [[Owen Rutter|Rutter, Owen]] (ed) ''Rajah Brooke & [[Angela Burdett-Coutts, 1st Baroness Burdett-Coutts|Baroness Burdett Coutts]]. Consisting of the letters from Sir James Brooke to Miss Angela, afterwards Baroness, Burdett Coutts'' 1935.
* Wason, Charles William. ''The Annual Register: A Review of Public Events at Home and Abroad for the Year 1868.'' London: Rivingtons, Waterloo Place, 1869. [https://books.google.com/books?id=IKDN2lNe2FIC&pg=RA2-PA162 pp. 162–163].

==Further reading==
{{commons category|James Brooke, Rajah of Sarawak}}
* {{cite DNB|wstitle= Brooke, James |volume= 06 |last= Arbuthnot |first= Alexander John |author-link= Alexander John Arbuthnot | pages= 428-430 |short=}}
* [[George Foggo|Foggo, George]] (1853) ''[https://eservice.nlb.gov.sg/data2/BookSG/publish/6/6b79201b-2f35-4bab-b45a-2f780639eb8d/web/html5/index.html?opf=tablet/BOOKSG.xml&launchlogo=tablet/BOOKSG_BrandingLogo_.png&pn=1 Adventures of Sir James Brooke, K.C.B., Rajah of Sarawak, "sovereign de facto of Borneo proper," late governor of Labuan: from Rajah Brooke's own diary and correspondence, or from government official documents],'' London: Effingham Wilson.
* Hahn, Emily (1953) ''James Brooke of Sarawak'', London, Arthur Barker.
* Ingleson, John (1979) ''Expanding the empire: James Brooke and the Sarawak lobby, 1839–1868'', Nedlands, W.A.: Centre for South and Southeast Asian Studies, University of Western Australia.
* Payne, Robert (1960) ''The White Rajahs of Sarawak'', Robert Hale.
* Pybus, Cassandra (1996) 'White Rajah: A Dynastic Intrigue' University of Queensland Press.
* Runciman, Steve (1960) ''The White Rajahs: A History of Sarawak from 1841 to 1946'', Cambridge University Press.
* Tarling, Nicholas (1982) ''The burthen, the risk, and the glory: a biography of Sir James Brooke'', Kuala Lumpur; New York: Oxford University Press.

{{s-start}}
{{s-hou|Brooke family|29 April|1803|11 June|1868}}
{{s-reg|}}
{{s-new|reason=[[Raj of Sarawak|Kingdom established]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[White Rajahs|Rajah of Sarawak]]|years=1842–1868}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Charles Brooke, Rajah of Sarawak|Charles]]}}
{{s-gov}}
{{s-new| post}}
{{s-ttl
|title=[[Governor of Labuan]]
|years=1848–1853
}}
{{s-aft|after=George Warren Edwardes}}
{{s-end}}

{{Raj of Sarawak}}
{{Pirates}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Brooke, James}}
[[Category:1803 births]]
[[Category:1868 deaths]]
[[Category:Anglo-Scots]]
[[Category:Rajas of Sarawak|James Brooke]]
[[Category:People involved in anti-piracy efforts]]
[[Category:People educated at Norwich School]]
[[Category:Knights Commander of the Order of the Bath]]
[[Category:19th-century monarchs in Asia]]
[[Category:Monarchs in Southeast Asia]]
[[Category:Burials in Devon]]
[[Category:Administrators in British Brunei]]
[[Category:Sandokan]]

Bhogla Soren

2026-05-06T11:54:52Z

Wavage786: put up the pg added tags!

{{Short description|Santali playwright and Sahitya Akademi Award winner}}

{{AI-generated|date=February 2026}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2026}}
{{Infobox writer
| name = Bhogla Soren
| image =Bhogla soren.jpg
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1958|01|04}}
| birth_place = Dhadkidih, East Singhbhum district, Jharkhand, India
| occupation = Playwright, writer
| language = Santali
| notable_works = ''Rahi Ranwak' Kana'' (2008)
| awards = Sahitya Akademi Award (Santali), 2010
}}

'''Bhogla Soren''' is an Indian Santali-language playwright and writer. He won the [[Sahitya Akademi Award]] (Santali) in 2010 for his play ''Rahi Ranwak' Kana'' (published 2008).<ref name="SA-Awards-2010">{{cite web |title=Akademi Awards (1955–2024): Santhali (Since 2005) |url=https://sahitya-akademi.gov.in/awards/akademi%20samman_suchi.jsp |website=Sahitya Akademi |access-date=18 January 2026 |quote=2010 — Rahi Ranwak' Kana (Play) — Bhoqla Soren}}</ref> His work has been discussed in mainstream press and is also taught/referenced in university-level Santali literature syllabi.<ref name="Telegraph-2010">{{cite news |title=Akademi to fete Santhali playwright |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/jharkhand/akademi-to-fete-santhali-playwright/cid/450804 |work=The Telegraph (India) |date=22 December 2010 |access-date=18 January 2026}}</ref><ref name="BU-NEP-Syllabus">{{cite web |title=B.A.(Honours) in Santali (NEP): Syllabus (Santali Drama Literature) |url=https://www.buruniv.ac.in/Downloads/Syllabus/Syllabus_BASANTALI_NEP2023-2024.pdf |website=The University of Burdwan |access-date=18 January 2026}}</ref>

== Early life and education ==
Soren was born on 4 January 1958 in Dhadkidih in present-day [[East Singhbhum]] district ([[Jharkhand]]).<ref name="MarathiVishwakosh">{{cite web |title=भोगला सोरेन (Bhogla Soren) |url=https://marathi.vishwakosh.org/64773/ |website=मराठी विश्वकोश (Marathi Vishwakosh) |publisher=Maharashtra Knowledge Corporation Ltd. (MKCL) |access-date=18 January 2026}}</ref> According to a profile published at the time of his Sahitya Akademi Award announcement, he completed intermediate studies at Tata College, [[Chaibasa]], and later left his B.Sc. (Honours) studies midway at Jamshedpur Co-operative College.<ref name="Telegraph-2010" />

== Career ==
Soren began writing in early adulthood and later worked in the Indian telecommunications sector; a contemporaneous newspaper profile described him as a sub-divisional engineer with BSNL.<ref name="Telegraph-2010" /> His award-winning play ''Rahi Ranwak' Kana'' has been described as a tragi-comedy with parallel strands of romance and cultural life, set in and around Potka and neighbouring villages in East Singhbhum district.<ref name="Telegraph-2010" />

Sahitya Akademi's annual reporting also records his participation in Akademi programmes as a Santali writer and awardee, including inauguration/lead roles in literary events.<ref name="SA-AR-2017-18">{{cite web |title=Annual Report 2017–18 |url=https://sahitya-akademi.gov.in/aboutus/pdf/AR-2017-18.pdf |website=Sahitya Akademi |access-date=18 January 2026}}</ref>

== Works ==
Soren is known primarily for Santali drama. His play ''Rahi Ranwak' Kana'' (published 2008) is the work for which he received the Sahitya Akademi Award (Santali) in 2010.<ref name="SA-Awards-2010" /><ref name="Telegraph-2010" />

=== Selected works ===
* ''Rahi Ranwak' Kana'' (Play, 2008)<ref name="SA-Awards-2010" /><ref name="Telegraph-2010" />

== Awards and honours ==
* Sahitya Akademi Award (Santali) (2010) – for ''Rahi Ranwak' Kana'' (Play).<ref name="SA-Awards-2010" /><ref name="Telegraph-2010" />

== Reception and legacy ==
Soren's work has received institutional recognition through India's national academy of letters (Sahitya Akademi).<ref name="SA-Awards-2010" /> Beyond the award, his play ''Rahi Rawag/Ranwak' Kana'' is listed as a text within university Santali literature curricula, indicating sustained academic use and readership.<ref name="BU-NEP-Syllabus" />

== See also ==
* [[Santali literature]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{Official website|https://sahitya-akademi.gov.in/awards/akademi%20samman_suchi.jsp|Sahitya Akademi Awards list (Santhali)}}

{{authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Soren, Bhogla}}
[[Category:1958 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Sahitya Akademi Award in Santali]]
[[Category:Indian dramatists and playwrights]]
[[Category:People from East Singhbhum district]]

List of Indian Bengali films of the 1960s

2026-05-04T15:58:16Z

Wavage786: Put Up A Bio.

{{Short description|none}}
{{More citations needed|date=May 2026}}
{{Bengali films}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2026}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2026}}

A list of films produced by the [[Tollywood Bangla|Tollywood]] ([[Cinema of West Bengal|Bengali language film industry]]) based in [[Kolkata]] in the '''1960s'''.

== 1960 ==
Chupi Chupi Ashe was directed by [[Premendra Mitra]]<ref>{{Citation |title=Chupi Chupi Ashey (1960) |url=https://www.filmaffinity.com/en/film978589.html |access-date=2024-03-08 |language=en}}</ref> also Devi was released 19 February 1960 and Directed by [[Satyajit Ray]]<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-07-11 |title=When Satyajit Ray slammed Indian audience after Sharmila Tagore-starrer ‘Devi’ received backlash |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movies/news/when-satyajit-ray-slammed-indian-audience-after-sharmila-tagore-starrer-devi-received-backlash/articleshow/101665842.cms |access-date=2024-03-08 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> And Many more movies was released in 1960.

{| class="wikitable sortable" border="0"
|-
! Title
! Director
! Cast
! Genre
! Notes
|-
|''Baishey Sravan''||Mrinal Sen||Gyanesh Mukherjee, Madhavi Mukherjee, Hemangini Devi|| ||
|-
|''[[Chupi Chupi Aashey]]''||[[Premendra Mitra]]||[[Chhabi Biswas]], [[Jahar Ganguly]], [[Tarun Kumar]]||Mystery||
|-
|''[[Devi (1960 film)|Devi]]''|| [[Satyajit Ray]] || [[Soumitra Chatterjee]] || [[Drama film|Drama]] ||
|-
|''[[Ganga (1960 film)|Ganga]]''||[[Rajen Tarafdar]]||Jnanesh Mukhopadhyay, [[Sandhya Roy]]||Drama||
|-
|''Haat Baralei Bandhu''||Sukumar Dasgupta||Santi Bhattacharya, Chhabi Biswas, Biren Chatterjee|| ||
|-
|''[[Khokababur Pratyabartan]]''||[[Agradoot]]||[[Uttam Kumar]], [[Tulsi Chakraborty]], [[Sumita Sanyal]]||Social Drama||
|-
|''[[Kshudhita Pashan]]''||[[Tapan Sinha]]||[[Soumitra Chatterjee]], [[Chhabi Biswas]], [[Arundhati Devi]]||Drama||
|-
|''[[Kuhak (1960 film)|Kuhak]]''||[[Agradoot]]||[[Uttam Kumar]], [[Sabitri Chatterjee]], [[Tulsi Chakraborty]]||Drama||
|-
|''[[Maya Mriga]]''||Chitta Bose||Master Abhijit, Sunanda Bannerjee, Nandini Bhattacharya|| ||
|-
|''[[Meghe Dhaka Tara (1960 film)|Meghe Dhaka Tara]]''||[[Ritwik Ghatak]]||[[Supriya Choudhury]], [[Anil Chatterjee]], [[Gita Dey]]||Historical Drama||
|-
|''[[Nader Nimai]]''||[[Bimal Roy]]||Asim Kumar, [[Chhabi Biswas]]||Mythological Biography ||
|-
|''Raja-Saja''||Bikash Roy||Uttam Kumar, [[Sabitri Chatterjee]], Chandrabati Devi|| ||
|-
|''Saharer Itikatha''||Bishu Dasgupta||Uttam Kumar, Mala Sinha, Pahadi Sanyal|| ||
|-
|''Sakher Chor''||Prafulla Chakraborty||Bhanu Bannerjee, Chhabi Biswas, Tarun Kumar Chatterjee|| ||
|-
|''Shuno Baranari''||Ajoy Kar||Uttam Kumar, Supriya Choudhury, Chhabi Biswas|| ||
|-
|''[[Uttar Megh]]''||Jiban Ganguly||[[Supriya Choudhury]], [[Utpal Dutt]], [[Uttam Kumar]]||Drama||
|}

== 1961 ==
{| class="wikitable sortable" border="0"
!Title
!Director
!Cast
!Genre
!Release date
|-
|''[[Manik (1961 film)|Manik]]''
|Bijolibaran Sen
|–
|–
|13 January
|-
|''[[Carey Saheber Munshi]]''
|[[Bikash Roy]]
|–
|–
|20 January
|-
|''Ray Bahudur''
|Ardhendu Mukhopadhyay
|–
|–
|3 February
|-
|''Sadhak Kamalakanta''
|Apurba Mitra
|–
|–
|10 February
|-
|''Sathihara''
|Sukumar Dasgupta
|–
|–
|3 March
|-
|''Lakshmi Narayan''
|Nirmal Chowdhury
|–
|–
|17 March
|-
|''Mr. & Mrs. Chowdhury''
|Asim Pal
|–
|–
|24 March
|-
|''[[Komal Gandhar]]''
|[[Ritwik Ghatak]]
|Abinash Bannerjee, [[Abhi Bhattacharya]], [[Bijon Bhattacharya]], Satindra Bhattacharya, [[Debabrata Biswas]], [[Madhabi Mukherjee]], [[Anil Chatterjee]], Satyabrata Chattopadhyay, [[Supriya Devi]], [[Gita Dey]]
|–
|31 March
|-
|''Bishakanya''
|Sree Jayadratha
|–
|–
|31 March
|-
|''Agnisanskar''
|[[Agradoot]]
|–
|–
|14 April
|-
|''Swaralipi''
|[[Asit Sen (director)|Asit Sen]]
|–
|–
|14 April
|-
|''Madhyarater Tara''
|Pinaki Mukhopadhyay
|–
|–
|21 April
|-
|''Arghya''
|[[Debaki Bose|Debaki Kumar Bose]]
|–
|–
|5 May
|-
|''[[Teen Kanya]]''
|[[Satyajit Ray]]
|[[Chandana Banerjee]], Nripati Chatterjee, [[Anil Chatterjee]], Khagen Pathak, Gopal Roy, [[Kali Banerjee]], Kanika Majumdar, [[Kumar Roy]], Gobinda Chakravarti, [[Soumitra Chatterjee]], [[Aparna Sen]], Sita Mukherjee, [[Gita Dey]], [[Santosh Dutta]], Mihir Chakravarti, Devi Neogy
|–
|5 May
|-
|''Swayambara''
|[[Asit Sen (director)|Asit Sen]]
|–
|–
|19 May
|-
|''Megh''
|[[Utpal Dutt]]
|–
|–
|26 May
|-
|''[[Jhinder Bandi]]''
|[[Tapan Sinha]]
|[[Uttam Kumar]], [[Soumitra Chatterjee]], [[Arundhati Devi]]
|–
|9 June
|-
|''Pankatilak''
|Mangal Chakraborty
|–
|–
|16 June
|-
|''Dilli Theke Kolkata''
|Sushil Ghosh
|–
|–
|7 July
|-
|''Necklace''
|Dilip Nag
|–
|–
|7 July
|-
|''Kanchanmulya''
|Nirmal Mitra
|–
|–
|14 July
|-
|''Aaj Kaal Parshu''
|Nirmal Sarbajna
|–
|–
|28 July
|-
|''Kathin Maya''
|Sushil Majumdar
|–
|–
|28 July
|-
|''Dainee''
|[[Manoj Bhattacharya]]
|–
|–
|18 August
|-
|''Ashay Bandhinu Ghar''
|Kanak Mukhopadhyay
|–
|–
|25 August
|-
|''Madhureno''
|Shanti Bandopadhyay
|–
|–
|1 September
|-
|''Mithun Lagna''
|Shib Bhattacharya
|–
|–
|15 September
|-
|''Punascha''
|[[Mrinal Sen]]
|–
|–
|15 September
|-
|''Ingit'' (Without Dialogue)
|Taru Mukhopadhyay
|–
|–
|20 October
|-
|''[[Saptapadi (1961 film)|Saptapadi]]''
|[[Ajoy Kar]]
|[[Chhabi Biswas]], [[Chhaya Devi]], [[Utpal Dutt]], [[Tarun Kumar]], [[Uttam Kumar]], Padmadevi, [[Suchitra Sen]], [[Jennifer Kapoor]] (voice over)
|–
|20 October
|-
|''Dui Bhai''
|Sudhir Mukhopadhyay
|–
|–
|27 October
|-
|''Ahwan''
|[[Arabinda Mukhopadhyay]]
|–
|–
|10 November
|-
|''Maa''
|[[Chitta Bose]]
|–
|–
|17 November
|-
|''Sandhyarag''
|Jiban Gangopadhyay
|–
|–
|17 November
|-
|''Kanamachhi''
|[[Mrinal Sen]] (Script-Writer)
|–
|–
|8 December
|-
|''[[Rabindranath Tagore (film)|Rabindranath Tagore]]''
|[[Satyajit Ray]]
|Raya Chatterjee, Sovanlal Ganguly, Smaran Ghosal
|Documentary
|
|-
|''Sathi Hara''
|Sukumar Dasgupta
|Uttam Kumar, Mala Sinha, Sudhir Basu
|
|
|}

== 1962 ==
{| class="wikitable sortable" border="0"
!Title
!Director
!Cast
!awards
|-
|''Aamar Desh'' (Short)
|[[Tapan Sinha]]
|[[Uttam Kumar]], Kali Bandyopadhyay, [[Anil Chatterjee]], [[Biswajit]], Bikash Ray, Radhamohan Bhattacharya, [[Sandhya Roy]], [[Suchitra Sen]]
|
|-
|''[[Abhijan (1962 film)|Abhijan]]''
|[[Satyajit Ray]]
|[[Soumitra Chatterjee]], [[Waheeda Rehman]], Ruma Guha Thakurta, Charuprakash Ghosh, Sekhar Chattopadhyay, [[Rabi Ghosh]], Haradhan Bandyopadhyay
|President's Award, India, 1962, Certificate of Merit
|-
|''Abhisarika''
|Kamal Majumdar
|[[Supriya Devi]], Nirmal Kumar, Asitbaran, Bharati Devi, [[Bhanu Bandyopadhyay]], Jahar Ray, [[Pahari Sanyal]], Snehasish Ghosh, Samar Kumar
|
|-
|''Agnishikha''
|[[Rajen Tarafdar]]
|Kanika Majumdar, Basanta Chowdhury, [[Chhabi Biswas]], [[Pahari Sanyal]], [[Anup Kumar (actor)|Anup Kumar]], Kamal Mitra, Jnanesh Mukhopadhyay, [[Bhanu Bandyopadhyay]], Jahar Ray, Chhaya Devi, Gangapada Bose
|
|-
|''Agun''
|[[Asit Sen (director)|Asit Sen]]
|Sandhya Rani, [[Soumitra Chatterjee]], [[Anil Chatterjee]], Nirmal Kumar, Kanika Majumdar, Sandhya Ray, [[Pahari Sanyal]], [[Rabi Ghosh]], Bhuban Chowdhury, [[Tulsi Chakraborty]], Kalpana Bandyopadhyay
|
|-
|''[[Atal Jaler Ahwan]]''
|[[Ajoy Kar]]
|[[Soumitra Chatterjee]], Tandra Burman, [[Chhabi Biswas]], [[Bhanu Bandyopadhyay]], Jahar Ray, Aparna Devi, [[Chhaya Devi]]
|
|-
|''Badhu''
|Bhupen Ray
|[[Chhabi Biswas]], Kamal Mitra, Bikash Ray, Basanta Chowdhury, [[Bhanu Bandyopadhyay]], [[Biswajit]], Sandhya Ray, Anubha Gupta, Menoka Devi, [[Sabitri Chatterjee]], [[Pahari Sanyal]], [[Asit Baran]], Jahar Ray, Sarajubala, Ajit Bandyopadhyay
|
|-
|''Bandhan''
|Ardhendu Mukhopadhyay
|[[Anil Chatterjee]], [[Sandhya Roy]], Jahar Gangopadhyay, Jiben Bose, Jahar Ray
|
|-
|''Benarasi''
|Arup Guhathakurta
|[[Soumitra Chatterjee]], [[Ruma Guha Thakurta]], Anup Kumar, [[Tulsi Chakraborty]], Mumtaz Ahmed, [[Tarun Kumar]], Sita Mukhopadhyay, Menoka Devi
|
|-
|''[[Bhagini Nivedita (film)|Bhagini Nivedita]]''
|Bijoy Bose
|Arundhati Devi, Amaresh Das, Chhanda Devi, Sunanda Devi, Asitbaran, Silip Ray, Haradhan Bandyopadhyay
|President's Award, India, 1961, Gold Medal for Best Film
|-
|''[[Bipasha (film)|Bipasha]]''
|[[Agradoot]]
|[[Uttam Kumar]], [[Suchitra Sen]], Chhabi Biswas, Kamal Mitra, Pahari Sanyal, [[Tulsi Chakraborty]]
|
|-
|''[[Dada Thakur (1962 film)|Dada Thakur]]''
|Sudhir Mukhopadhyay
|[[Chhabi Biswas]], Sulata Chowdhury, [[Biswajit]], [[Bhanu Bandyopadhyay]], [[Tarun Kumar]], Chhaya Devi, Bidhayak Bhattacharya, Sita Devi, Gangapada Bose, Shyam Laha, Jiben Bose
|President's Award, India, 1962, Gold Medal for Best Film
|-
|''Dakater Hate''
|Shanti Prasad Chowdhury
|Sekhar Chattopadhyay, Rita Sengupta, Anuradha Guha, Ram Gupta, Sailen Gangopadhyay
|
|-
|''Dheuer Pare Dheu''
|Bhupendra Sanyal & Smiritish Guhathakurta
|Shampa Mitra, Shankar, Badal, Gopa, Swapan, Shantanu, Tara Bhaduri, Dhiraj Das, Arati Das, Anil Dutta
|
|-
|''Dhupchaya''
|[[Chitta Bose]]
|[[Chhabi Biswas]], Bipin Gupta, Dipti Ray, Anubha Gupta, N. Biswanathan, [[Pahari Sanyal]], [[Biswajit]], Sandhya Roy, [[Tarun Kumar]], Kamal Mitra, Ajit Bandyopadhyay, Aparna Devi, Dhiraj Das
|
|-
|''[[Hansuli Banker Upakatha (film)|Hansuli Banker Upakatha]]''
|[[Tapan Sinha]]
|Kali Bandyopadhyay, Dilip Ray, Ranjana Bandyopadhyay, Anubha Gupta, [[Lily Chakravarty]], Nibhanani Debi, [[Rabi Ghosh]], Sukhen Das
|
|-
|''Kajal''
|Sunil Bandyopadhyay
|[[Chhabi Biswas]], [[Supriya Devi]], Asim Kumar, [[Pahari Sanyal]], Jahar Ray, [[Tulsi Chakraborty]], Shyam Laha
|
|-
|''[[Kanchenjungha (film)|Kanchenjungha]]''
|[[Satyajit Ray]]
|[[Chhabi Biswas]], Karuna Bandyopadhyay, Alakananda Ray, Arun Mukhopadhyay, Bidya Sinha, [[Pahari Sanyal]], [[Anil Chatterjee]]
|
|-
|''Kancher Swarga''
|[[Tarun Majumdar|Yatrik]]
|Dilip Mukhopadhyay, Kajal Gupta, [[Anil Chatterjee]], Manjula Bandyopadhyay, [[Pahari Sanyal]], Chhaya Devi, Bikash Ray, [[Tarun Kumar]], [[Gita Dey]], [[Utpal Dutt]], [[Chhabi Biswas]]
|President's Award, India, 1962, Silver Medal for Best Bengali Film
|-
|''Kanna''
|Agragami
|[[Uttam Kumar]], Nandita Bose, Sulata Chowdhury, Ardhendu Mukhopadhyay
|
|-
|''Khana''
|Baidyanath Bandyopadhyay
|[[Sabitri Chatterjee]], Padma Devi, Tapati Ghosh, Aparna Devi, Kamal Mitra
|
|-
|''[[Kumari Mon]]''
|Director - Chitrarath Screenplay – [[Ritwik Ghatak]]
|Kanika Majumdar, [[Anil Chatterjee]], Sandhya Ray, [[Ritwik Ghatak]], Satindra Bhattacharya, Dilip Mukhopadhyay, Jnanesh Mukhopadhyay, Nirmal Ghosh, Debi Neogi
|
|-
|''Mayar Sansar''
|Kanak Mukhopadhyay
|Sandhya Rani, [[Biswajit]], Sulata Chowdhury, [[Chhabi Biswas]], Asitbaran, Bikash Roy, Dipti Roy, [[Bhanu Bandyopadhyay]], [[Tarun Kumar]], Mala Bag
|
|-
|''Mon Dilona Badhu''
|Santosh Mukhopadhyay
|Sabita Bose, Biren Chattopadhyay, Jahar Ray, Sumana Bhattacharya, [[Tulsi Chakraborty]], Nripati Chattopadhyay, [[Nabadwip Haldar]]
|
|-
|''Nabadiganta''
|[[Agradoot]]
|[[Sabitri Chatterjee]], Basanta Chowdhury, [[Biswajit]], Sandhya Roy, [[Pahari Sanyal]], Jahar Gangopadhyay, Aparna Devi, Shila Pal, Krishnadhan Mukhopadhyay, Amar Mullik, [[Gita Dey]]
|
|-
|''[[Rakta Palash]]''
|Pinaki Mukhopadhyay
|[[Anil Chatterjee]], Sandhya Ray, Niranjan Ray, Dipak Mukhopadhyay, Kamal Mitra, Chhaya Devi, Renuka Devi, Jahar Ray, Moni Srimani, Sisir Batabyal, [[Utpal Dutt]]
|<ref>{{Cite book |last=Narwekar |first=Sanjit |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UYUjAQAAIAAJ&q=Rakta+Palash%C2%A0Pinaki+Bhushan+Mukherji |title=Directory of Indian Film-makers and Films |date=1994 |publisher=Flicks Books |isbn=978-0-948911-40-8 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|''Sancharini''
|Sushil Majumdar
|Kanika Majumdar, Basanta Chowdhury, [[Lily Chakravarty]], [[Pahari Sanyal]], Bikash Roy, Chhaya Devi
|
|-
|''Shasti''
|Daya Bhai
|[[Soumitra Chatterjee]], [[Sandhya Roy]], Malabika Gupta, Sabitabrata Dutta, [[Tulsi Chakraborty]], Aparna Devi
|
|-
|''Shesh Chinha''
|Bibhuti Chakraborty
|[[Sandhya Roy]], [[Anil Chatterjee]], [[Lily Chakravarty]], Kamal Mitra, Renuka Ray, Anup Kumar, [[Tulsi Chakraborty]]
|
|-
|''[[Shiulibari]]''
|Pijush Bose
|[[Uttam Kumar]], Arundhati Devi, [[Chhabi Biswas]], [[Tarun Kumar]], Dilip Ray, Sefali Bandyopadhyay
|
|-
|''Shubhodrishti''
|[[Chitta Bose]]
|Sandhya Rani, [[Sandhya Roy]], Arun Mukhopadhyay, [[Chhabi Biswas]], Kali Bandyopadhyay, [[Anup Kumar (actor)|Anup Kuar]], [[Gita Dey]], Dipika Das, Chitra Mondal, Tamal Lahiri
|
|-
|''Sorry Madam''
|[[Dilip Bose]]
|[[Biswajit]], [[Sandhya Roy]], Chhabi Biswas, Jahar Roy, Aparna Devi, Dilip Ray, Nripati Chattopadhyay, [[Tulsi Chakraborty]], Ajit Chattopadhyay
|
|-
|''Suryasnan''
|[[Ajoy Kumar]]
|[[Tripti Mitra]], Aparna Devi, [[Lily Chakravarty]], [[Sambhu Mitra]], [[Chhabi Biswas]], [[Pahari Sanyal]], [[Tulsi Chakraborty]], [[Anil Chatterjee]]
|
|-
|''Taranisen Badh''
|Chitrasarathi
|Sandhya Rani, Sunanda Devi, Nitish Mukhopadhyay, Gurudas Bandyopadhyay, Gangapada Bose
|
|}

== 1963 ==
{| class="wikitable sortable" border="0"
!Title
!Director
!Cast
!Genre
!Notes/Music
|-
|''Abaseshe''
|Mrinal Sen
|[[Sabitri Chatterjee]], Asitbaran, [[Anup Kumar (actor)|Anup Kumar]]
|
|
|-
|''Badsha''
|Agradoot
|Kali Bandopadhyay, [[Bikash Roy]], Sandhya Rani, Master Shankar
|Children's
|
|-
|''[[Barnali (film)|Barnali]]''
|[[Ajoy Kar]]
|[[Sharmila Tagore]], [[Soumitra Chatterjee]], [[Haradhan Banerjee]], [[Kamal Mitra]], [[Pahari Sanyal]]
|Drama
|Music: Kalipada Sen, Playback: [[Ruma Guha Thakurta]], Aarti Mukherji
|-
|''[[Bhranti Bilas]]''
|Manu Sen
|[[Uttam Kumar]], [[Bhanu Bandopadhyay]], [[Sabitri Chatterjee]]
|Comedy
|
|-
|''Chhaya Shurjo''
|Partha Pratim Choudhury
|[[Bhanu Bannerjee]], Nirmal Kumar Chakraborty, Haridas Chatterjee
|
|
|-
|''[[Deya Neya]]''
|Sunil Bandopadhyay
|[[Uttam Kumar]], [[Tanuja]]
|Drama
|
|-
|''Hashi Sudhu Hashi Noy''
|Santosh Guha Roy
|[[Bhanu Bandopadhyay]], [[Jahor Roy]], [[Biswajit Chatterjee]], [[Tulsi Chakraborty]]
|Comedy, Drama
|
|-
|''[[Mahanagar]]''
|[[Satyajit Ray]]
|
|[[Drama film|Drama]]
|Won the [[Silver Bear for Best Director]] at the [[14th Berlin International Film Festival]]
|-
|''[[Nirjan Saikate]]''
|[[Tapan Sinha]]
|
|
|
|-
|''Nisithe''
|Agragami
|Uttam Kumar, Supriya Choudhury, Radamohan Bhattacharya
|
|
|-
|''Nyayadanda''
|Mangal Chakravarty
|Radamohan Bhattacharya, [[Asit Baran]], [[Jahar Ganguly]], [[Rabi Ghosh]]
|Drama
|
|-
|''Palatak''
|Tarun Majumdar
|Anup Kumar, Sandhya Roy, Anubha Gupta
|
|
|-
|''[[Saat Pake Bandha]]''
|
|[[Soumitra Chatterjee]], [[Suchitra Sen]], [[Pahari Sanyal]]
|Romance
|
|-
|''[[Sesh Anka]]''
|Haridas Bhattacharya
|[[Uttam Kumar]], [[Pahari Sanyal]], [[Sharmila Tagore]], [[Utpal Dutt]]
|Thriller
|
|-
|''[[Surya Sikha]]''
|
|[[Uttam Kumar]], [[Supriya Chowdhury]], [[Chhabi Biswas]]
|Drama
|
|-
|''[[Uttar Falguni]]''
|[[Asit Sen (director)|Asit Sen]]
|[[Suchitra Sen]], [[Bikash Roy]], Dilip Mukherjee
|Drama
|Won [[National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Bengali]]<ref name="11thaward">{{cite web|url=http://iffi.nic.in/Dff2011/Frm11thNFAAward.aspx|title=11th National Film Awards|publisher=[[International Film Festival of India]]|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
|''Uttarayan''
|Agradoot
|Sabitri Chatterjee, Supriya Choudhury, Asha Devi
|
|
|}

== 1964 ==
{| class="wikitable sortable" border="0"
!Title
!Director
!Cast
!Genre
!Notes
|-
|''[[Bireswar Vivekananda]]''
|Madhu Bose
|Amaresh Das, [[Gurudas Bandyopadhyay]]
|Biography
|
|-
|''[[Charulata]]''
|[[Satyajit Ray]]
|[[Madhabi Mukherjee]], [[Soumitra Chatterjee]]
|[[Drama film|Drama]]
|Won the [[Silver Bear for Best Director]] at the [[15th Berlin International Film Festival]]
|-
|''[[Jatugriha]]''
|[[Tapan Sinha]]
|[[Uttam Kumar]], [[Arundhati Devi]], [[Anil Chatterjee]]
|Social Drama
|
|-
|''Kashtipathar''
|Arabinda Mukhyopadhyay
|Bijoy Bhattacharya, Vasant Choudhury, [[Rabi Ghosh]]
|
|
|-
|''Ke Tumi''
|Shyam Chakraborty
|[[Anil Chatterjee]], [[Sandhya Roy]], [[Bikash Roy]]
|Drama
|
|-
|''Kinu Gowaler Gali''
|O.C. Ganguly
|Sumitra Devi, Kali Bannerjee, [[Sharmila Tagore]]
|
|
|-
|''Lalpathore''
|Sushil Majumdar
|[[Uttam Kumar]], [[Supriya Devi]], Srabani Basu, [[Rabi Ghosh]]
|
|
|-
|''Marutrisha''
|Suresh Roy
|[[Sabitri Chatterjee]], Sabita Basu, Tapati Ghosh
|Drama
|
|-
|''Momer Alo''
|Salil Dutta
|Uttam Kumar, [[Sabitri Chatterjee]], Lolita Chatterjee
|
|
|-
|''Natun Tirtha''
|Sudhir Mukherjee
|Durgadas Bannerjee, Jiben Bose, Pratima Chakraborty
|
|
|-
|''Subha O Debatar Gras''
|Partha Pratim Choudhury
|Kali Bannerjee, Rabi Ghosh, Sharmila Tagore
|
|
|}

== 1965 ==
{| class="wikitable sortable" border="0"
!Title
!Director
!Cast
!Genre
!Notes
|-
|''[[Akash Kusum]]''<ref>{{cite web |url=http://mrinalsen.org/akash_kusum.htm|title=Akash Kusum}}</ref>
|[[Mrinal Sen]]
|[[Soumitra Chatterjee]], [[Aparna Sen]], [[Subhendu Chatterjee]]
|Parallel
|
|-
|''[[Alor Pipasa]]''
|[[Tarun Majumdar]]
|[[Pahadi Sanyal]], [[Basanta Choudhury]], [[Anup Kumar (actor)|Anup Kumar]]
|Drama
|
|-
|''[[Atithi (1965 film)|Atithi]]''
|[[Tapan Sinha]]
|[[Ajitesh Bandopadhyay]], Partha Mukherjee
|Drama
|
|-
|''Ghoom Bangar Gaan''
|[[Utpal Dutt]]
|[[Jahor Roy]], [[Sova Sen]], [[Anil Chatterjee]], [[Madhabi Mukherjee]]
|Drama
|
|-
|''[[Kapurush]]''
|[[Satyajit Ray]]
|[[Soumitra Chatterjee]], [[Madhabi Mukherjee]]
|Drama
|
|-
|''[[Mahapurush]]''
|[[Satyajit Ray]]
|Charuprakash Ghosh, [[Rabi Ghosh]]
|
|
|-
|''Pratham Prem''
|Ajoy Biswas
|Asitbaran, [[Lily Chakravarty]], Biswajeet Chakraborty
|
|
|-
|''[[Pratinidhi (film)|Pratinidhi]]''
|[[Mrinal Sen]]
|[[Soumitra Chatterjee]], [[Sabitri Chatterjee]]
|Drama
|
|-
|''Raja Rammohan''
|Bijoy Bose
|[[Basanta Choudhury]], [[Chhaya Devi]], Basabi Nandi
|Drama
|
|-
|''[[Rajkanya (1965 film)|Rajkanya]]''
|Sunil Bandyopadhyay
|[[Uttam Kumar]], Rina Ghosh, [[Bhanu Bandopadhyay]]
|
|
|-
|''[[Subarnarekha (film)|Subarnarekha]]''
|[[Ritwik Ghatak]]
|[[Abhi Bhattacharya]], [[Madhabi Mukherjee]]
|Historical drama
|
|-
|''Surer Aagun''
|Bolai Sen
|Kali Bannerjee, Rabi Ghosh
|
|
|-
|''Surya Tapa''
|Agradoot
|Sandhya Roy, Chhayadevi, [[Uttam Kumar]]
|
|
|-
|''Thana Thekey Aaschi''
|Hiren Nag
|Uttam Kumar, Dilip Mukherjee, Kamal Mitra
|
|
|}

== 1966 ==
{| class="wikitable sortable" border="0"
!Title
!Director
!Cast
!Genre
!Notes
|-
|''[[Galpo Holeo Satti]]''
|[[Tapan Sinha]]
|[[Rabi Ghosh]], [[Bhanu Bandopadhyay]], [[Rudraprasad Sengupta]]
|Comedy
|
|-
|''Griha Sandaney''
|Chitta Bose
|Anjana Bhowmik, Subrata Chatterjee, Tarun Kumar Chatterjee
|
|
|-
|''[[Joradighir Chowdhury Paribar]]''
|Ajit Lahiri
|[[Soumitra Chatterjee]], [[Madhabi Mukherjee]]
|
|
|-
|''Kal Tumi Aleya''
|Sachin Mukherjee
|[[Uttam Kumar]], [[Supriya Devi]], [[Sabitri Chatterjee]]
|Drama
|
|-
|''Monihar''
|Salil Sen
|[[Biswajit Chatterjee]], [[Sandhya Roy]], [[Soumitra Chatterjee]]
|Drama
|
|-
|''Natun Jiban''
|Aurobindo Mukhopadhyay
|Gangapada Basu, Anil Chatterjee, Dipika Das
|
|
|-
|''[[Nayak (1966 film)|Nayak]]''
|[[Satyajit Ray]]
|[[Uttam Kumar]], [[Sharmila Tagore]]
|[[Drama film|Drama]]
|Won the Special Jury Award at the [[16th Berlin International Film Festival]]
|-
|''[[Paari (1966 film)|Paari]]''
|Jagganath Chatterjee
|[[Dharmendra]], [[Dilip Kumar]]
|Mythological
|
|-
|''Rajdrohi''
|Niren Lahiri
|Bishwanath Bannerjee, Kunal Mukherjee, Biswanath Roy
|
|
|-
|''Shankhyabela''
|Agragami
|[[Uttam Kumar]], [[Madhabi Mukherjee]]
|Drama
|
|-
|''[[Subhas Chandra]]''
|Pijush Basu
|Amar Dutta
|Biographical
|
|-
|''Sudhu Ekti Bacchar''
|[[Uttam Kumar]]
|Uttam Kumar, [[Supriya Devi]], [[Jahar Ganguly]]
|Drama
|
|-
|''Swapna Niye''
|Purnendu Pattrea
|Madhavi Mukherjee, Arun Mukherjee, Charuprakash Ghosh
|
|
|-
|''[[Uttar Purush]]''
|[[Chitrakar]]
|[[Vasant Choudhury]], [[Rabi Ghosh]], [[Anup Kumar (actor)|Anup Kumar]]
|Drama
|
|}

== 1967 ==
{| class="wikitable sortable" border="0"
!Title
!Director
!Cast
!Genre
!Notes
|-
|''[[Antony Firingee (film)|Antony Firingee]]''
|Sunil Bannerjee
|[[Uttam Kumar]], [[Tanuja]]
|Musical Drama
|
|-
|''[[Arogya Niketan (film)|Arogya Niketan]]''
|Bijoy Bose
|[[Bikash Roy]], [[Subhendu Chatterjee]], [[Ruma Guha Thakurta]]
|Drama
|
|-
|''[[Ashite Ashiona]]''
|Sree Jayadrath
|[[Bhanu Bannerjee]], [[Asit Baran]], [[Rabi Ghosh]]
|Comedy
|
|-
|''[[Balika Badhu (1967 film)|Balika Badhu]]''
|[[Tarun Majumdar]]
|[[Moushumi Chatterjee]]
|Social Drama
|
|-
|''[[Chhoti Si Mulaqat]]''
|Alo Sarkar
|Vyjayanthimala, Uttam Kumar, Rajendranath Malhotra
|
|
|-
|''[[Chhuti]]''
|[[Arundhati Devi]]
|[[Ajitesh Bandopadhyay]], Mrinal Mukherjee, Nandini Mahiya
|Drama
|
|-
|''[[Chiriyakhana]]''
|[[Satyajit Ray]]
|[[Uttam Kumar]]
|Crime Thriller
|
|-
|''Grihadaha''
|Subodh Mitra
|Suchitra Sen, Uttam Kumar, Pradeep Kumar
|
|
|-
|''[[Hatey Bazarey]]''
|[[Tapan Sinha]]
|[[Ashok Kumar]], [[Ajitesh Bannerjee]]
|Drama
|
|-
|''[[Hathat Dekha]]''
|
|[[Soumitra Chatterjee]], [[Sandhya Roy]]
|Drama
|
|-
|''Jiban Mrityu''
|Hiren Nag
|[[Uttam Kumar]], [[Supriya Devi]], [[Kamal Mitra]]
|Drama
|
|-
|''Kanchanmala''
|Safdar Ali Bhulyan
|Sujata, Mannan, Tejen Chakraborty
|
|
|-
|''[[Miss Priyambada]]''
|Rabi Basu, Dushymanta Choudhuri
|[[Bhanu Bandyopadhyay]], [[Lily Chakraborty]]
|
|
|-
|''[[Nayika Sangbad]]''
|[[Agradoot]]
|[[Uttam Kumar]], [[Anjana Bhowmik]]
|Romance, Comedy
|
|}

== 1968 ==
{| class="wikitable sortable" border="0"
!Title
!Director
!Cast
!Genre
!Ref
|-
|''Ajana Sapath''
|Salil Sen
|[[Soumitra Chatterjee]], [[Madhabi Mukherjee]], [[Pahari Sanyal]], [[Dilip Roy (actor)|Dilip Roy]]
|Drama
|
|-
|''[[Apanjan]]''
|[[Tapan Sinha]]
|[[Chhaya Devi]], [[Samit Bhanja]]
|Drama
|
|-
|''[[Baghini (1968 film)|Baghini]]''
|Bijay Bose
|[[Soumitra Chatterjee]], [[Sandhya Roy]], [[Rabi Ghosh]]
|Drama
|
|-
|''Baluchari''
|Ajit Ganguly
|[[Sabitri Chatterjee]], [[Anil Chatterjee]], [[Lily Chakravarty]], [[Anup Kumar (actor)|Anup Kumar]]
|Drama
|
|-
|''[[Chowringhee (film)|Chowringhee]]''
|Pinaki Bhushan Mukherjee
|[[Uttam Kumar]], Anjana Bhowmik, [[Biswajit]], Shubhendu Chattopadhyay
|Drama
|<ref name="De2007">{{cite book|author=Mānnā De|title=Memories Come Alive: An Autobiography|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pIGobALr8xwC&pg=PA277|year=2007|publisher=Penguin Books India|isbn=978-0-14-310193-2|pages=277–}}</ref><ref name="Gom Chow">{{cite web|title=Chowrangee (1968)|url=http://www.gomolo.com/chowrangee-movie/14007|website=gomolo.com}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Garh Nasimpur]]''
|Ajit Lahiri
|Biswajit, Uttam Kumar, [[Madhabi Mukherjee]], Tarun Kumar
|Periodic film
|<ref name="gomolo.com GNP">{{cite web|title=Garh Nasimpur (1968)|url=http://www.gomolo.com/garh-nasimpur-movie/14008|website=gomolo.com}}</ref><ref name="De2007" />
|-
|''[[Kokhono Megh]]''
|Agradoot
|Uttam Kumar, Anjana Bhowmik, Kali Bandyopadhyay
|Drama, Family, Suspense
|<ref name="De2007" /><ref name="KM">{{cite web|title=Kakhano Megh (1968)|url=http://www.gomolo.com/kakhano-megh-movie/14011|website=gomolo.com|accessdate=27 January 2016}}</ref>
|-
|''Panchashar''
|Arup Guhathakurta
|Kali Bannerjee, Anil Chatterjee, Ruma Guha Thakurta
|
|
|-
|''Pathe Holo Dekha''
|Sachin Adhikari
|
|
|<ref name="De2007" /><ref name="ICM PHD">{{cite web|title=Pathe Holo Dekha (1968)|url=https://indiancine.ma/NBR/info|publisher=Indiancine.ma|accessdate=27 January 2016}}</ref><ref name="Gomolo PHD">{{cite web|title=Pathe Holo Dekha (1968)|url=http://www.gomolo.com/pathe-holo-dekha-movie/14015|publisher=Gomolo|accessdate=27 January 2016}}</ref>
|-
|''Tin Adhyay''
|Mangal Chakraborty
|Uttam Kumar, Supriya Choudhury, Sandhya Roy, Bikash Ray
|Drama
|<ref name="De2007" /><ref name="TA Gomolo">{{cite web |title=Tin Adhyay (1968) |url=http://www.gomolo.com/tin-adhyay-movie/14017 |accessdate=27 January 2016 |website=gomolo.com}}</ref>
|}

== 1969 ==
{| class="wikitable sortable" border="0"
!Title
!Director
!Cast
!Genre
!Notes
|-
|''[[Aparichita (1969 film)|Aparichita]]<ref>{{Citation |last=Ayan Ray|title=Aparichito ( 1969)|url=http://archive.org/details/Aparichito1969|access-date=2023-08-10}}</ref>''
|Salil Dutta
|Uttam Kumar,Soumitra Chatterjee, Aparna Sen, Sandhya Roy
|
|
|-
|''[[Balak Gadadhar]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Balak Gadadhar (1969) – Review, Star Cast, News, Photos|url=https://www.cinestaan.com/movies/balak-gadadhar-33720|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190228005434/https://www.cinestaan.com/movies/balak-gadadhar-33720|archive-date=28 February 2019|access-date=2019-03-14|website=www.cinestaan.com}}</ref>''
|
|[[Debashree Roy]], [[Chhaya Devi]], [[Gita Dey]]
|Biography
|
|-
|''Chiradiner''
|Agradoot
|Uttam Kumar,Supriya Choudhury, Debjit, Gita Dey
|
|
|-
|''[[Goopy Gyne Bagha Byne]]<ref name="rajasen">{{cite web |year=2007|title=An ode to Bagha & Goopy|url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/2007/may/25goopy.htm|access-date=11 September 2014|work=Rediff.com}}</ref>''
|[[Satyajit Ray]]
|[[Tapen Chatterjee]], [[Rabi Ghosh]]
|Fantasy
|
|-
|''Kamalatta''
|Harisadan Dasgupta
|Suchitra Sen, Uttam Kumar, Anil Bag
|
|
|-
|''Maa O Meye''
|Sunil Bandopadhyay
|[[Moushumi Chatterjee]], [[Swarup Dutta]], Sandhya Rani, [[Chhaya Devi]]
|Drama
|
|-
|''[[Megh o Roudra]]<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Paul|first1=Samiran Kumar|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0g3H7eY5K6MC&q=Megh+o+roudra+written+in&pg=PA124|title=Recritiquing Rabindranath Tagore|last2=Prasad|first2=Amar Nath|date=2006|publisher=Sarup & Sons|isbn=9788176256612|language=en}}</ref>''
|[[Arundhati Devi]]
|[[Swarup Dutta]], [[Nripati Chattopadhyay]]
|Drama
|
|-
|''Mon Niye''
|Salil Sen
|Tarun Kumar Chatterjee, Supriya Choudhury, Gita Dey
|
|
|-
|''[[Parineeta (1969 film)|Parineeta]]''
|[[Ajoy Kar]]
|[[Soumitra Chatterjee]], [[Moushumi Chatterjee]], [[Samit Bhanja]]
|Historical Drama
|
|-
|''Pita Putra''
|Arvind Mukherjee
|[[Tanuja]], [[Swarup Dutta]], [[Kamal Mitra]], [[Chhaya Devi]]
|Drama
|
|-
|''[[Pratham Kadam Phool]]''
|Inder Sen
|[[Soumitra Chatterjee]], [[Tanuja]]
|Drama
|
|-
|''Sabarmati''
|Hiren Nag
|Uttam Kumar, Supriya Choudhury, Mrityunjay Bandopadhyay
|
|
|-
|''Shuksari''
|Sushil Majumdar
|Uttam Kumar, Bhanu Bandopadhyay, Anjana Bhowmik
|
|
|-
|''Sri Jagganath''
|Vijay Bhaskar
|Chakrapani, Jharana Das, Meenushree
|
|
|-
|''[[Teen Bhubaner Pare]]''
|Ashutosh Bandyopadhyay
|[[Soumitra Chatterjee]], [[Tanuja]], [[Rabi Ghosh]]
|
|
|}

== Critically acclaimed films ==

=== 1961 ===

* [[Komal Gandhar]]
* Agnisanskar
* [[Teen Kanya]] [Awards: Won the President's Award, India, 1961, Silver Medal for Samapti, XI Melbourne Film Festival (Australia), 1962, Golden Boomerang (Grand Prix) for Postmaster & Samapti and Laurel Award for Postmaster & Samapti]
* [[Jhinder Bandi]]
* Necklace
* Punascha [Award: Won the President's Award, India, 1961, Regional Certificate of Merit]
* [[Saptapadi (1961 film)|Saptapadi]] [Award: Won the President's Award, India, 1961, Regional Certificate of Merit and a Silver Prize at the [[3rd Moscow International Film Festival]]]
* Dui Bhai

=== 1962 ===

* ''Kancher Swarga'' (President's Award, India, 1962, Silver Medal for Best Bengali Film)
* ''Bhagini Nibedita'' (President's Award, India, 1961, Gold Medal for Best Film)
* ''[[Abhijan (1962 film)|Abhijan]]'' (President's Award, India, 1962, Certificate of Merit)
* ''[[Dadathakur (film)|Dadathakur]]'' (President's Award, India, 1962, Gold Medal for Best Film)
* ''[[Bipasha (1962 film)|Bipasha]]''
* ''[[Hansuli Banker Upakatha (film)|Hansuli Banker Upakatha]]''
* ''[[Kumari Mon]]''
* ''[[Kanchenjungha (film)|Kanchenjungha]]''
* ''[[Shiulibari]]''

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Cinema of West Bengal}}
{{Indian film list}}

[[Category:Lists of Bengali films by year]]

Syed Kazim Ali Mirza

2026-04-27T01:11:31Z

Wavage786: new

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| office = Member of the [[West Bengal Legislative Assembly]]
| name = Syed Kazim Ali Mirza
| term_start = 1952
| term_end = 1967
| constituency = [[Lalgola Assembly constituency]]
| predecessor = ''constituency established''
| successor = [[Abdus Sattar (Murshidabad politician)|Abdus Sattar]]
| party = [[Indian National Congress]]
}}

'''Syed Kazim Ali Mirza''' was an Indian politician who represented [[Lalgola Assembly constituency|Lalgola]] in the [[West Bengal Legislative Assembly]] from [[1952 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1952]] to [[1967 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1967]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Lalgola Election 2026: Lalgola Assembly Election Date, MLA's, Seat, Results, Candidates, Vote Share |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/assembly/west-bengal/lalgola-constituency-result-19061 |access-date=2025-12-27 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Lalgola Election and Results 2018, Candidate list, Winner, Runner-up, Current MLA and Previous MLAs |url=https://www.elections.in/west-bengal/assembly-constituencies/lalgola.html |access-date=2025-12-27 |website=Elections in India}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}
{{WestBengal-INC-politician-stub}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Mirza, Syed Kazim Ali}}
[[Category:Place of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from West Bengal]]
[[Category:West Bengal MLAs 1951–1957]]
[[Category:West Bengal MLAs 1957–1962]]
[[Category:West Bengal MLAs 1962–1967]]
[[Category:Living people]]

Jeet Ram Dudi

2026-04-24T18:52:56Z

Wavage786: Creating A Article!

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2019}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Jeet Ram Dudi
| office = Member of the [[Rajasthan Legislative Assembly]]
| term_start = 1993
| term_end = 1998
| term_start1 = 2003
| term_end1 = 2008
| constituency = [[Malpura Assembly constituency|Malpura, Rajasthan]]
| constituency1 = [[Malpura Assembly constituency|Malpura, Rajasthan]]
| birth_date = 16 March 1953
| birth_name = Jeet Ram
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| birth_place = Teja Khera, [[Sirsa]], [[Haryana]]
}}

'''Jeetram Dudi''' (born 16 March 1953) also known as '''Jeet Ram''' is an Indian politician. He was elected to the [[Rajasthan Legislative Assembly]] from [[Malpura Assembly constituency|Malpura, Tonk]] in 1993 and 1998. He is a member of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rajasthan Assembly Election Results in 1993 |url=https://www.elections.in/rajasthan/assembly-constituencies/1993-election-results.html |access-date=2024-07-12 |website=Elections in India}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Rajasthan Assembly Election Results in 1998 |url=https://www.elections.in/rajasthan/assembly-constituencies/1998-election-results.html |access-date=2024-07-12 |website=Elections in India}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Dudi, Jeet Ram}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:People from Tonk district]]
[[Category:Rajasthan MLAs 2003–2008]]
[[Category:Rajasthan MLAs 1993–1998]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Rajasthan]]
[[Category:1953 births]]

{{Rajasthan-BJP-politician-stub}}

Praktan

2026-04-24T15:12:52Z

Wavage786: Done

{{Short description|2016 Indian Bengali film}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2017}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Praktan
| image = Praktan.jpg
| caption = Praktan film-release poster
| director = [[Nandita Roy]] [[Shiboprosad Mukherjee]]
| producer = Atanu Raychaudhuri & Windows Production
| writer = [[Nandita Roy]]
| based_on = ''Ujaan'' by [[Suchitra Bhattacharya]]
| starring = [[Prosenjit Chatterjee]] [[Rituparna Sengupta]] [[Soumitra Chatterjee]] [[Aparajita Adhya]] [[Sabitri Chatterjee]] [[Biswanath Basu]] [[Manali Dey]] [[Anupam Roy]] [[Surojit Chatterjee]]
| music = [[Anupam Roy]]
| cinematography = [[Gopi Bhagat]] Subhankar Bhar
| studio = Windows Production House
| released = {{Film date|2016|05|27|df=y|ref1=<ref name="ES">{{cite news|url=https://eisamay.indiatimes.com/entertainment/cinema/ritu-prosenjits-chemistry-shines-on-prakton/articleshow/52430901.cms|title=এবার বাংলা ছবির বিশ্বযাত্রা|date=25 May 2016|publisher=এইসময়|language=bn}}</ref>}}
| country = India
| language = [[Bengali language|Bengali]]
| budget = {{INR|2}} crore<ref>{{cite news |last1=Chatterjee |first1=Arindam |title=Eye Spy |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/eye-spy/cid/1421927 |access-date=15 January 2025 |work=[[The Telegraph (India)|The Telegraph]] |date=15 June 2016 |quote=Praktan sweep at cinemas — Rs 5.5 crore in 16 days (“excluding overseas collections”), for a film made on a budget of Rs 2 crore.}}</ref>
| gross = {{INR|8.5}} crore<ref>{{cite news |last1=Dasgupta |first1=Priyanka |title=Out of the box: Of bad reviews and good collections in Tollywood | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/Out-of-the-box-Of-bad-reviews-and-good-collections-in-Tollywood/articleshow/54833046.cms|access-date=15 January 2025|work=Times of India|date=13 October 2016}}</ref>
| native_name =
}}

'''''Praktan''''' ([[Bengali language|Bengali]]: প্রাক্তন, [[Literal translation|lit.]] ''Former or Ex'') is a 2016 [[Cinema of India|Indian]] [[Cinema of West Bengal|Bengali]] Romantic film directed by [[Nandita Roy]] and [[Shiboprosad Mukherjee]] and starring [[Prosenjit Chatterjee]] and [[Rituparna Sengupta]]. It brings back the Prosenjit - Rituparna collaboration 14 years after ''Pratihinsa'' (2002). The theme of the film is based on conflict between contentment and sacrifice of married life.

The film opened to a huge reception on 27 May 2016 worldwide.<ref name="ES" /> It won the International Film Business Award 2016 for becoming the Highest Grossing Movie of the Year - Bengal alongside films like Kabaali, Sultan, Sairat and Action Hero Biju, at Indywood Film Carnival at [[Ramoji Film City]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Praktan gets Highest Grossing Movie award |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movies/news/praktan-gets-highest-grossing-movie-award/articleshow/54602987.cms |access-date=18 January 2025 |work=[[Times of India]] |date=12 January 2017}}</ref> The film's music was released by [[Amara Muzik]]. Praktan was remade in Bollywood with the title [[Jalebi (film)|''Jalebi'']].

== Plot ==
''Praktan'' (former) is about Ujaan Mukherjee ([[Prosenjit Chatterjee]]) and Sudipa ([[Rituparna Sengupta]]), who have moved on in life after a common love for heritage and culture had seen the conservation architect from Mumbai, Sudipa, fall in love with Ujaan, a tour guide and an explorer, as he liked to call himself. But, in the course, life after marriage turned out to be unlike what they had expected leading to their eventual separation.

During a train journey, Sudipa finds herself in a spot where she realizes that Malini and Putul are none other than Ujaan's present wife and daughter. Upset over the same, she clearly demonstrates that she has not completely forgiven Ujaan for whatever happened between them and seems to carry the burden of their memories. Over the 30-odd hours of the train journey, we come across not just a way of knowing how all these passengers spend their time, but also get an insight into the failed marriage of Ujaan and Sudipa. Ujaan joins them at Nagpur after driving down by road to catch the train. He is surprised to find Sudipa in the same coupe as his family. A non-linear approach in a subtle manner is used to shift the focus on and off from the train journey to the relationship between the two individuals, who started off being madly in love, only to see their marriage crumbling in front of their own eyes. They ensure that the focus is more or less only on these two individuals when their past is shown, there is a mention of Ujaan's close friend and Sudipa's parents, but they are never really shown. Even the rest of the family members of Ujaan are barely showcased in an attempt to take us through their relationship curve. Throughout their story, we also get to understand how and what went wrong in the case of their marriage. Beginning with a sense of apprehension and even disgust in a way, it's wonderful to see Sudipa gradually opening up to Malini and acknowledging how wrong she was in her assumption about her. There are many wonderful moments in the film, like the one where an old lady, played by [[Sabitri Chatterjee]], complains to the railway attendant about the AC and other aspects in Bangla-mixed Hindi as her husband, played by [[Soumitra Chatterjee]], humorously points out later. Also, the way Ujaan and Sudipa manage to just about have a soulful discussion about their past and the interaction between Malini and Sudipa right at the end. Apart from Ujaan, Sudipa, and Malini, an old couple, also travelling are a group of musicians - [[Upal Sengupta]], [[Anindya Chatterjee]], [[Anupam Roy]] and [[Surojit Chatterjee]] - and newlyweds, played by [[Biswanath Basu]] and Manali Manisha Dey. All of them come together for a beautiful “Antakshari” sequence in the film. But then, this is essentially the story of Ujaan and Sudipa and their failed relationship. It's wonderful to see how well-etched Malini's character is and she is the one who, in a way, helps bring closure in the lives of both Ujaan and Sudipa.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.windowsproductions.com/film/praktan/|title = Bengali Movie Praktan | Bengali Production House}}</ref>

== Cast ==
* [[Prosenjit Chatterjee]] as Ujaan Mukherjee
* [[Rituparna Sengupta]] as Sudipa Sen
* [[Aparajita Adhya]] as Malini / Molly Mukherjee
* [[Biswanath Basu]] as Ajay
* [[Manali Dey]] as Ajay's wife
* [[Soumitra Chatterjee]] as a train passenger
* Aronnok as a train passenger
* Devlina Kumar as Ujjan's sister
* [[Nabanita Malakar]] as Ujjan's sister
* Sudipa Mukhopadhay as Sudipa's friend
* [[Sabitri Chatterjee]] as a train passenger
* OronnOnil as a train passenger
* [[Anupam Roy]] as himself
* [[Anindya Chatterjee]] as himself
* Sneha Das as herself
* [[Upal Sengupta]] as himself
* [[Surojit Chatterjee]] as himself
* [[Tania Kar]] as Ujaan's sister
* Oindrila Saha
* Sudipa Chatterjee as Sumi
* [[Saswata Chattopadhyay]] as Sudipa's husband (special appearance)
* Aveepsa Basak as Udita Mukherjee aka Putul, Molly and Ujaan's daughter

Aparajita Adhya’s casting was path-breaking, as such a role was a first for her. The director duo thought about many other alternatives but ultimately went ahead with her and her performance spoke for itself; the directors mentioned this in many interviews. She is the chirpy, spirited woman next door to whom the audience could relate.

== Making ==
* The entire train was created by Nitish Roy, in the NT1 Studios in Kolkata. For the very first time, a train sequence was shot in Kolkata and the team did not have to go to Hyderabad or Mumbai for the same. It was created in such a way that it could open from every side, which gave a scope to shoot easily from whichever angle the directors wanted to. A full research team travelled in the Gyaneshwari Express to take proper notes of the small details that are important to make a set look authentic. “The IRCTC department helped with the other necessary props as the exact props are not available anywhere else, I am really grateful to IRCTC and Shri Debashish Chandra”, said Shiboprosad Mukherjee in an interview. 24 springs were used to bring in the jerking effect that is experienced in a train, which could otherwise be locked.

* The shooting locations followed the exact route of the Gyaneshwari Express. Thus, alongside Kolkata, Mumbai and Nagpur were also principal shooting locations for the film, which added to the authenticity of the train journey, which is 40% of the movie.

* Helicam or drone was used for the first time in Kolkata for a bird’s eye view shot. The word ‘Parachute’ in the song 'Kolkata, Kolkata' made the directors use a drone to show the beauty of the city with shots over the Ganges, the Monument, the Victoria Memorial; it added a mesmerizing effect to the song.<ref>Archived at [https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211206/UKr-K4M_1_w Ghostarchive]{{cbignore}} and the [https://web.archive.org/web/20200722102513/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UKr-K4M_1_w Wayback Machine]{{cbignore}}: {{cite web| url = https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UKr-K4M_1_w| title = PRAKTAN FULL BENGALI FILM MAKING {{!}} NANDITA SHIBOPROSAD {{!}} RITUPARNA PROSENJIT {{!}} | website=[[YouTube]]}}{{cbignore}}</ref>

== Release ==
''Praktan'' was released on 27 May 2016 in both the city of Kolkata as well as in all the other major towns and cities of [[West Bengal]] at the same time. The film was screened in 90+ cinema theaters in the Greater Kolkata region alone. Besides Kolkata; ''Praktan'' was also released to the audience in more than 25 cinema theaters outside of West Bengal(throughout the country) and in 9 theaters in USA, covering almost all the major American cities with a large Bengali diaspora. The film was also screened in two cinema theaters in Canada. ''Praktan'' has become the biggest Bengali film release, breaking many earlier records of the [[Cinema of West Bengal|film industry]]. It is among the ten Bengali films from the first half of 2016 to win critical acclaim.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.cinekolkata.com/news_217.html|title=10 Bangla Films From First Half Of 2016 Which Won Critical Acclaim|website=cinekolkata.com|access-date=2016-07-02}}</ref>

== Box office ==
On the very first day of its release, the film grossed an estimated 25 lakh [[Indian National Rupee|rupees]], becoming the highest-grossing film of the day. Within three days the film made a business of 1 Crore rupees. It was being surmised that the film would be raking in as much as 2 crore rupees after the first week. The film enjoyed significant success overseas also, becoming one of the first Bengali films to nearly earn a total of 5 lakhs rupees. In the opening week itself, the film grossed an estimated earning of 3.6 lakh rupees in the 7 cinema theaters in USA and made approximately 1.02 lakh rupees in Canada.

==Soundtrack==
The music for ''Praktan'' is composed by [[Anupam Roy]] and [[Anindya Chatterjee]] and the lyrics have been penned by them as well.

{{Infobox album
| name = Praktan
| type = Soundtrack
| artist = [[Anupam Roy]]
| cover =
| alt =
| released = 2016
| recorded = 2016
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = [[Feature film soundtrack]]
| length =
| language = Bengali
| label = Amara Muzik Bengali
| producer =
| prev_title =
| prev_year =
| next_title =
| next_year =
| misc = {{External media
| audio1 = {{YouTube|Q3xl9LuZBJE|Praktan Full Album}}}}
}}

{{track listing
| lyrics_credits =
| music_credits =
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| title1 = Kolkata
| music1 = Anupam Roy
| length1 = 4:42
| lyrics1 = Anupam Roy
| extra1 = [[Anupam Roy]], [[Shreya Ghoshal]]
| title2 = Tumi Jake Bhalobasho (Female)
| music2 = Anupam Roy
| length2 = 4:49
| lyrics2 = Anupam Roy
| extra2 = [[Iman Chakraborty]]
| title3 = Tumi Jake Bhalobasho (Male)
| music3 = Anupam Roy
| length3 = 4:56
| lyrics3 = Anupam Roy
| extra3 = [[Anupam Roy]]
| title4 = Bhromor
| music4 = Radha Raman
| length4 = 3:15
| lyrics4 = Radha Raman
| extra4 = [[Surojit Chatterjee]]
| title5 = Moner Guptochar
| music5 = Anindya Chatterjee
| length5 = 4:43
| lyrics5 = Anindya Chatterjee
| extra5 = [[Anindya Chatterjee]]
| total_length =
}}

== Awards and nominations ==
{|class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Award
!Category
!Recipient(s)
!Result
|-
|rowspan="2"|[[64th National Film Awards]]
| [[National Film Award for Best Lyrics]]
| [[Anupam Roy]] for ''Tumi Jaake Bhalobasho''
| {{won}}
|-
| [[National Film Award for Best Female Playback Singer]]
| [[Iman Chakraborty]] for ''Tumi Jaake Bhalobasho''
| {{won}}
|-
|rowspan="11"|[[Filmfare Awards East]]
| Filmfare Award for Best Film - Bengali
| ''Praktan''
| {{nom}}
|-
| Filmfare Award for Best Director - Bengali
| [[Nandita Roy]] [[Shiboprosad Mukherjee]]
| {{nom}}
|-
| Filmfare Award for Best Actress - Bengali
| [[Rituparna Sengupta]]
| {{nom}}
|-
| Filmfare Award for Best Actress (Critics) - Bengali
| [[Rituparna Sengupta]]
| {{won}}
|-
| Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actress - Bengali
| [[Aparajita Adhya]]
| {{won}}
|-
| Filmfare Award for Best Music - Bengali
| [[Anupam Roy]] [[Anindya Chatterjee]]
| {{won}}
|-
| Filmfare Award for Best Lyrics - Bengali
| [[Anupam Roy]] for ''Tumi Jake Bhalobasho''
| {{won}}
|-
| Filmfare Award for Best Playback (Male) - Bengali
| [[Surojit Chatterjee]] for ''Bhromor''
| {{nom}}
|-
| Filmfare Award for Best Playback (Female) - Bengali
| [[Shreya Ghoshal]] for ''Kolkata''
| {{nom}}
|-
| Filmfare Award for Best Playback (Female) - Bengali
| [[Iman Chakraborty]] for ''Tumi Jake Bhalobasho (Female)''
| {{won}}
|-
| Filmfare Award for Best Dialogue - Bengali
| [[Shiboprosad Mukherjee]]
| {{nom}}
|-
|rowspan="6"|Mirchi Music Awards Bangla 2016
| Film Song of the year - Critic's Choice
| [[Anupam Roy]] [[Iman Chakraborty]] for ''Tumi Jake Bhalobasho (Female)''
| {{won}}
|-
| Film Song of the year
| [[Anupam Roy]] [[Shreya Ghoshal]] for ''Kolkata''
| {{nom}}
|-
| Film composer of the year
| [[Anupam Roy]] for ''Tumi Jake Bhalobasho''
| {{won}}
|-
| Film lyricist of the year
| [[Anupam Roy]] for ''Tumi Jake Bhalobasho''
| {{won}}
|-
| Film lyricist of the year
| [[Anupam Roy]] for ''Kolkata''
| {{nom}}
|-
| Film upcoming female vocalist of the year
| [[Iman Chakraborty]] for ''Tumi Jake Bhalobasho (Female)''
| {{nom}}
|-
|}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|5784350}}

{{Nandita Roy and Shiboprosad Mukherjee}}

[[Category:Bengali-language Indian films]]
[[Category:2016 Bengali-language films]]
[[Category:2016 films]]
[[Category:Films set in Kolkata]]
[[Category:Films directed by Nandita Roy and Shiboprosad Mukherjee]]
[[Category:Bengali films remade in other languages]]

[[Category:Films scored by Anupam Roy]]
[[Category:Windows Production films]]
[[Category:Films based on works by Suchitra Bhattacharya]]

Putul Nacher Itikatha

2026-04-23T23:05:37Z

Wavage786: New

{{Short description|Bengali language literature}}

{{infobox book
| name = The Puppets Tale
| author = [[Manik Bandopadhyay]]
| language = [[Bengali Language|Bengali]]
| country = [[India]]
| genre = Sociological novels
| published = *1935 (Magazine Series)
*1936 (Printed Book)
| italic title = The Puppets Tale
| pages =
| isbn = 9788172016555
| title_orig = Putul Nacher Itikatha
}}

'''Putul Nacher Itikatha''' ([[English language|eng]] '''''The puppet's tale''''') is the third novel and the fourth printed book written by Bengali writer [[Manik Bandopadhyay|Manik Bandyopadhyay]] published in book form in 1936.<ref name="auto">{{Cite web|title=পুতুল নাচের ইতিকথা|url=https://samakal.com/tp-kaler-kheya/article/191212422/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B2-%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9A%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%A5%E0%A6%BE|access-date=2022-01-25|website=SAMAKAL|language=en}}</ref> It is one of the outstanding works of [[Manik Bandopadhyay]]. In one of his letters he wrote that this novel was a humble protest against those who tend to play with the lives of humans as if they were [[puppet]]s. It introduces writer 's [[Socialism|socialist]] mentality.<ref name="auto1">{{Cite web|title=Special write up by Piyali Das about a Bengali Play dgtl|url=https://www.anandabazar.com/patrika/special-write-up-by-piyali-das-about-a-bengali-play-dgtl-1.284285|access-date=2022-01-25|website=www.anandabazar.com|language=bn}}</ref>

== History ==
The novel was published continuously in Bharatvarsha Patrika from [[Poush]] 1341 [[Bengali calendars|BS]] to [[Ogrohayon|Agrahayan]] 1342 [[Bengali calendars|BS]]. It was later published in book form in 1936.<ref name="auto"/>

== Summary ==
The central character of the novel is village doctor Shashi.<ref name="auto"/> He has no faith in God. The story and setting of the novel is based on the complex social relationships that exist between the other characters including Shashi, Shashi's father, and Kusum in the village background. Written on the premise of love, estrangement, envy and mutual sympathy of a decaying society, this novel is one of the best resources of [[Bengali literature]] .<ref name="auto1"/>

== Characters ==

=== Main characters ===
'''Shashi''' is the main character in this novel. Having just passed his doctorate, he came to the village to say goodbye to his father in order to find a better life in a different culture or language. But in the end he can no longer go beyond the ordinary life.

: The diversity of the environment of rural life and the stalks of reality grip him in a way that is beyond the capacity of Shashibabud to come out. <ref name="auto"/>

'''Kusum''' is the heroine of this novel. Her identity is that of a twenty-three-year-old barren girl, the wife of Paran ( one of the characters in the novel), a mysterious and variegated woman. Her whimsical, unconventional nature has made her mysterious.

: Her ‘insane love’ for Shashi is the educational beauty of this novel. Kusum's unrequited love eventually takes on another form, another dimension. 'A lively mysterious woman, full of vitality, indomitable perseverance, Kusum is the messenger of mystery of life. When Shashi calls her, Kusum says, “Who are you calling, chotobabu? <ref name="auto1"/>

=== Other characters ===
In addition, the author has brought various real characters like Bindu, Nanda, Kumud, Moti, Jaya, Banabihari, Nandalal, Jamini Kabiraj and Sendidi from different levels of life.<ref name="auto1"/>

== Adaptation ==
===Film ===

* In 1949, a Bengali [[Drama (film and television)|drama film]] ''[[Putul Nacher Itikatha (1949 film)|Putul Nacher Itikatha]]'' was released under the banner of K K Production.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Mukherjee |first=Tumtum |date=2019-04-01 |title=Women in Manik Bandyopadhyay's Novels |url=https://ignited.in/index.php/jasrae/article/download/10953/21710/54238?inline=1 |journal=Journal of Advances and Scholarly Researches in Allied Education |language=en |volume=16 |issue=5 |pages=524–526}}</ref> The film was directed by [[Asit Bandopadhyay|Asit Bandyopadhyay]], starring Goutam Mukhopadhyay, [[Kali Banerjee]] and Nilima Das.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bilingual E-archive Digital Platform for Bengal's Cinema |url=https://www.bengalfilmarchive.com/filmography-details.php?t=Mzg1 |access-date=2025-04-17 |website=Bengal Film Archive}}</ref>

* Based on the same novel, the film [[Putulnacher Itikatha (2025 film)|''Putulnacher Itikatha'']] was directed by [[Suman Mukhopadhyay|Sumon Mukhopadhyaya]] and produced by Samiran Das under the banner of Kaleidoscope Entertainment. [[Jaya Ahsan]] played the role of Kusum and other characters include [[Abir Chatterjee]], [[Parambrata Chatterjee]], [[Dhritiman Chatterjee]] and [[Ananya Chatterjee]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=মানিক বন্দ্যোপাধ্যায়ের 'পুতুল নাচের ইতিকথা'য় জয়া|url=https://ekattor.tv/blog/article?&article_id=16958|access-date=2022-01-25|website=Ekattor TV|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=এবার 'পুতুল নাচের ইতিকথা'য় জয়া|url=https://www.ittefaq.com.bd/311213/%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0-%E2%80%98%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B2-%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9A%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%A5%E0%A6%BE%E2%80%99%E0%A7%9F-%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%9F%E0%A6%BE|access-date=2022-01-25|website=দৈনিক ইত্তেফাক|language=bn}}</ref> This film was released on 1 August 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |title=A haunting exploration of reason versus superstition Movie Review: A haunting exploration of reason versus superstition |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/putulnacher-itikatha/movie-review/123074608.cms |access-date=2025-08-23 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Bengali-language literature]]
[[Category:Novels by Manik Bandyopadhyay]]

1957 Indian general election

2026-04-21T22:16:49Z

Wavage786: small cleaned up details and cleaned formatting

{{Short description|none}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2016}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2016}}
{{Infobox election
| country = India
| type = parliamentary
| previous_election = 1951–52 Indian general election
| previous_year = 1951–52
| next_election = 1962 Indian general election
| next_year = 1962
| election_date = 24 February – 14 March 1957
| seats_for_election = 494 of the 505 seats in the [[Lok Sabha]]{{efn|Eleven members were appointed, including six representing [[Jammu and Kashmir (state)|Jammu and Kashmir]], two representing [[Anglo-Indians]], one representing Part B Tribal Areas in [[Assam]], one representing the [[Lakshadweep|Amindive, Laccadive and Minicoy Islands]] and one representing the [[Andaman and Nicobar Islands]].}}
| majority_seats = 248

| image1 = Jawaharlal Nehru 1957 crop.jpg
| leader1 = [[Jawaharlal Nehru]]
| party1 = Indian National Congress
| seats1 = '''371'''
| seat_change1 = {{increase}} 7
| popular_vote1 = '''57,579,589'''
| percentage1 = '''47.78%'''
| swing1 = {{increase}} 2.79[[Percentage point|pp]]
| image2 = {{eppt|Communist Party of India}}
| leader2 = [[Ajoy Ghosh]]
| party2 = Communist Party of India
| seats2 = 27
| seat_change2 = {{increase}} 11
| popular_vote2 = 10,754,075
| percentage2 = 8.92%
| swing2 = {{increase}} 5.63[[Percentage point|pp]]
| image4 = Jayaprakash Narayan (cropped2).jpg
| leader4 = [[Jayaprakash Narayan]]
| party4 = Praja Socialist Party
| seats4 = 19
| popular_vote4 = 12,542,666
| percentage4 = 10.41%
| image5 = {{eppt|Bharatiya Jana Sangh}}
| leader5 = [[Debaprasad Ghosh]]
| party5 = Bharatiya Jana Sangh
| seats5 = 4
| popular_vote5 = 7,193,267
| percentage5 = 5.97%
| last_election5 = 3.06%, 3 seats
| swing5 = {{increase}} 2.91[[Percentage point|pp]]
| seat_change5 = {{increase}} 1
| map_image = Wahlergebnisse in Indien 1957.svg
| title = [[Prime Minister of India|Prime Minister]]
| posttitle = Prime Minister after election
| before_election = [[Jawaharlal Nehru]]
| before_party = Indian National Congress
| after_election = [[Jawaharlal Nehru]]
| after_party = Indian National Congress
| last_election1 = {{nowrap|44.99%, 364 seats}}
| registered = 193,652,179
| turnout = 45.44% ({{increase}} 0.57[[Percentage point|pp]])
| last_election2 = 3.29%, 16 seats
| map_caption = Results by constituency
| last_election4 = ''New''
| swing4 = ''New''
| seat_change4 = ''New''
| outgoing_members = List of members of the 1st Lok Sabha
| elected_members = List of members of the 2nd Lok Sabha
}}

General elections were held in [[India]] between 24 February and 14 March 1957, the second elections to the [[Lok Sabha]] after independence. Elections to several state legislatures were held simultaneously.

Under the leadership of [[Jawaharlal Nehru]], the [[Indian National Congress]] easily won a second term in power, taking 371 of the 494 seats. They gained an extra seven seats (the size of the Lok Sabha had been increased by five) and their vote share increased from 45% to 48%. The INC received nearly five times more votes than the [[Communist Party of India|Communist Party]], the second largest party. In addition, 19% of the vote and 42 seats went to [[Independent (politician)|independent candidates]], the highest of any Indian general election.

==Electoral system==
There were 494 seats elected using [[first past the post voting]]. Out of the 403 constituencies, 91 elected two members, while the remaining 312 elected a single member.<ref name="GE1957V1">{{cite web | url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1957/Vol_I_57_LS.pdf | title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1957 : To the Second Lok Sabha Volume-I | work=Election Commission of India | page=5 | access-date=11 July 2015 | archive-date=20 March 2012 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120320181548/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1957/Vol_I_57_LS.pdf | url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="GE1957V2">{{cite web | url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1957/Vol_II_57_LS.pdf | title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1957 : To the Second Lok Sabha Volume-II | work=Election Commission of India | access-date=11 July 2015 | archive-date=6 June 2016 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160606155958/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1957/Vol_II_57_LS.pdf | url-status=live }}</ref> The multi-seat constituencies were abolished before the next election.

The elections were overseen by [[Sukumar Sen (civil servant)|Sukumar Sen]], the [[Chief Election Commissioner of India|Chief Election Commissioner]], who used the existing election infrastructure to reduce costs and improve efficiency. Historian [[Ramachandra Guha]] wrote "this general election cost the exchequer Rs45 million less than the previous one. The prudent Sen had safely stored the 3.5 million ballot boxes the first time round and only half a million additional ones were required."<ref>{{Cite book |last=Guha |first=Ramachandra |title=India after Gandhi: the history of the world's largest democracy |date=2022 |publisher=Picador India |isbn=978-93-82616-97-9 |edition=10th anniversary edition, updated and expanded, first published in hardcover |location=New Delhi}}</ref>

==Conduct==
The first instance of [[booth capturing]] in India was recorded in 1957 in the General Elections of that year in Rachiyahi, in Begusarai's Matihani assembly seat.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/Where-booth-capturing-was-born/articleshow/1020435.cms|title=Where booth capturing was born|work=The Times of India |date=14 February 2005 |access-date=21 September 2015|archive-date=20 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180620024701/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/Where-booth-capturing-was-born/articleshow/1020435.cms|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/In-central-Bihar-development-runs-into-caste-wall/articleshow/49038630.cms|title=In central Bihar, development runs into caste wall|work=The Times of India |date=21 September 2015 |access-date=21 September 2015|archive-date=30 July 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180730185128/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/In-central-Bihar-development-runs-into-caste-wall/articleshow/49038630.cms|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1151010/jsp/bihar/story_47122.jsp#.VhikSeyqqko|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151013155812/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1151010/jsp/bihar/story_47122.jsp#.VhikSeyqqko|url-status=dead|archive-date=13 October 2015|title=Empty words in legend's forgotten village}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ibnlive.com/news/politics/the-myth-of-historys-first-booth-capturing-taking-place-in-begusarais-rachiyahi-1150034.html|title=The myth of history's first booth capturing taking place in Begusarai's Rachiyahi|access-date=18 October 2015|archive-date=12 October 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151012142036/http://www.ibnlive.com/news/politics/the-myth-of-historys-first-booth-capturing-taking-place-in-begusarais-rachiyahi-1150034.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Results==
{{Election results
|image=[[File:Lok Sabha Zusammensetzung 1957.svg|350px]]
|party1=[[Indian National Congress]]|votes1=57579589|seats1=371|sc1=+7
|party2=[[Praja Socialist Party]]|votes2=12542666|seats2=19|sc2=–2
|party3=[[Communist Party of India]]|votes3=10754075|seats3=27|sc3=+11
|party4=[[Bharatiya Jana Sangh]]|votes4=7193267|seats4=4|sc4=+1
|party5=[[Scheduled Castes Federation]]|votes5=2038890|seats5=6|sc5=+4
|party6=[[All India Ganatantra Parishad]]|votes6=1291141|seats6=7|sc6=+1
|party7=[[People's Democratic Front (Hyderabad)|People's Democratic Front]]|votes7=1044032|seats7=2|sc7=–5
|party8=[[Hindu Mahasabha]]|votes8=1032322|seats8=1|sc8=–3
|party9=[[Peasants and Workers Party of India]]|votes9=924832|seats9=4|sc9=+2
|party10=[[Jharkhand Party]]|votes10=751830|seats10=6|sc10=+3
|party11=[[All India Forward Bloc|Forward Bloc (Marxist)]]|votes11=665341|seats11=2|sc11=+1
|party12=[[Chota Nagpur Santhal Parganas Janata Party]]|votes12=501359|seats12=3|sc12=+2
|party13=[[Akhil Bharatiya Ram Rajya Parishad]]|votes13=460838|seats13=0|sc13=–3
|party14=[[Revolutionary Socialist Party (India)|Revolutionary Socialist Party]]|votes14=308742|seats14=0|sc14=–3
|party15=[[Krishak Sramik Party|Praja Party]]|votes15=140742|seats15=0|sc15=0
|party16=Independents|votes16=23284249|seats16=42|sc16=+5
|row17=Appointed members{{efn|Six representing [[Jammu and Kashmir (state)|Jammu and Kashmir]], two representing [[Anglo-Indians]], one representing Part B Tribal Areas in [[Assam]], one representing the [[Lakshadweep|Amindive, Laccadive and Minicoy Islands]] and one representing the [[Andaman and Nicobar Islands]].}}|seats17=11|sc17=+1
|total_sc=+6
|electorate=193652179
|turnout=45.44
|source=[https://eci.gov.in/files/file/4112-general-election-1957-vol-i-ii/?do=download&r=9737&confirm=1&t=1&csrfKey=6df04992cf2c2fe96a9487465b425663 ECI]
}}

===Results by state===
{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center; font-size: 0.9em;"
!rowspan=3|State
!rowspan=3|Total seats
!colspan=10|Seats won
|-
!class="unsortable" style="width:40px;" |[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
!class="unsortable" style="width:40px;" |[[Communist Party of India|CPI]]
!class="unsortable" style="width:40px;" |[[Praja Socialist Party|PSP]]
!class="unsortable" style="width:40px;" |[[All India Ganatantra Parishad|GP]]
!class="unsortable" style="width:40px;" |[[Scheduled Castes Federation|SCF]]
!class="unsortable" style="width:40px;" |[[Jharkhand Party|JKP]]
!class="unsortable" style="width:40px;" |[[Bharatiya Jana Sangh|BJS]]
!class="unsortable" style="width:40px;" |Others
!class="unsortable" style="width:40px;" |Ind.
!class="unsortable" style="width:40px;" |App.
|-
! style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}};" |
! style="background:{{party color|Communist Party of India}};" |
! style="background:{{party color|Praja Socialist Party}};" |
! style="background:{{party color|All India Ganatantra Parishad}};;" |
! style="background:{{party color|Scheduled Castes Federation}};" |
! style="background:{{party color|Jharkhand Party}};;" |
! style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Jana Sangh}};;" |
! style="background:{{party color|Others}};;" |
! style="background:{{party color|Independent}};;" |
!
|-
! style="text-align: left;" |[[Andaman and Nicobar Islands]]
!1
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|1
|-
! style="text-align: left;" |[[Andhra Pradesh]]
!43
|37
|2
|
|
|
|
|
|2
|2
|
|-
! style="text-align: left;" |[[Assam]]
!12
|9
|
|2
|
|
|
|
|
|1
|
|-
! style="text-align: left;" |[[Bihar]]
!53
|41
|
|2
|
|
|6
|
|3
|1
|
|-
! style="text-align: left;" |[[Bombay State|Bombay]]
!66
|38
|4
|5
|
|5
|
|2
|4
|8
|
|-
! style="text-align: left;" |[[Delhi]]
!5
|5
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
! style="text-align: left;" |[[Himachal Pradesh]]
!4
|4
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
! style="text-align: left;" |[[Kerala]]
!18
|6
|9
|1
|
|
|
|
|
|2
|
|-
! style="text-align: left;" |[[Jammu and Kashmir (state)|Jammu and Kashmir]]
!6
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|6
|-
![[Lakshadweep|Laccadive, Minicoy, and Amindivi Islands]]
!1
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|1
|-
! style="text-align: left;" |[[Madhya Pradesh]]
!36
|35
|
|
|
|
|
|
|1
|
|
|-
! style="text-align: left;" |[[Madras State|Madras]]
!41
|31
|2
|
|
|
|
|
|
|8
|
|-
! style="text-align: left;" |[[Manipur]]
!2
|1
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|1
|
|-
! style="text-align: left;" |[[Mysore State|Mysore]]
!26
|23
|
|1
|
|1
|
|
|
|1
|
|-
! style="text-align: left;" |[[North-East Frontier Agency]]
!1
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|1
|-
! style="text-align: left;" |[[Orissa]]
!20
|7
|1
|2
|7
|
|
|
|
|3
|
|-
! style="text-align: left;" |[[East Punjab|Punjab]]
!22
|21
|1
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
! style="text-align: left;" |[[Rajasthan]]
!22
|19
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|3
|
|-
! style="text-align: left;" |[[Tripura]]
!2
|1
|1
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
! style="text-align: left;" |[[Uttar Pradesh]]
!86
|70
|1
|4
|
|
|
|2
|
|9
|
|-
! style="text-align: left;" |[[West Bengal]]
!36
|23
|6
|2
|
|
|
|
|2
|3
|
|-
! style="text-align: left;" |[[Anglo-Indian people|Anglo-Indians]]
!2
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|2
|-
! style="text-align: left;" |Total
!505
!371
!27
!19
!7
!6
!6
!4
!12
!42
!11
|-
! colspan="12" |
|-
| colspan="12" |Source: [https://web.archive.org/web/20131029200943/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1957/Vol_I_57_LS.pdf ECI]
|}

====Andhra Pradesh====
{{Election results
|party1 = [[Indian National Congress]]|votes1 = 4906044|seats1 = 37|sc1=+31
|party2 = [[Communist Party of India]]|votes2 = 1144811|seats2 = 2|sc2=–4
|party3 = [[People's Democratic Front (Hyderabad)|People's Democratic Front]]|votes3 = 1044032|seats3 = 2
|party5 = Other parties|votes5 = 600686|seats5 = 0
|party6 = Independents|votes6 = 1835800|seats6 = 2|sc6=–6
}}

====Assam====
{{Election results
|party1 = [[Indian National Congress]]|votes1 = 1184708|sw1 = +5.94 |seats1 = 9|sc1 = –2
|party2 = [[Praja Socialist Party]]|votes2 = 457643|sw2 = –9.23 |seats2 = 2|sc2 = +1
|party4 = [[Communist Party of India]]|votes4 = 235044|sw4 = New|seats4 = 0|sc4 = New
|party5 = Independents|votes5 = 415217|sw5 = +4.37 |seats5 = 1|sc5 = +1
|total_sc = 0
}}

====Bihar====
{{Election results
|party1 = [[Indian National Congress]]|votes1 = 4450208|sw1 = –1.30 |seats1 = 41|sc1 = –4
|party2 = [[Jharkhand Party]]|votes2 = 751830|sw2 = +0.10 |seats2 = 6|sc2 = +3
|party3 = [[Chota Nagpur Santhal Parganas Janata Party]]|votes3 = 501359|sw3 = +2.65 |seats3 = 3|sc3 = +2
|party4 = [[Praja Socialist Party]]|votes4 = 2165462|sw4 = –2.83 |seats4 = 2|sc4 = –1
|party6 = [[Communist Party of India]]|votes6 = 502707|sw6 = +4.62 |seats6 = 0|sc6 = 0
|party7 = Other parties|votes7 = 51416|sw7 = –6.00 |seats7 = 0|sc7 = –2
|party8 = Independents|votes8 = 1584894|sw8 = +2.76 |seats8 = 1|sc8 = 0
|total_sc = –2
}}

====Bombay====
{{Election results
|party1 = [[Indian National Congress]]|votes1 = 8156272|sw1 = –1.49 |seats1 = 38|sc1 = –2
|party3 = [[Praja Socialist Party]]|votes3 = 1457203|sw3 = –11.45 |seats3 = 5|sc3 = +5
|party4 = [[Republican Party of India|Scheduled Caste Federation]]|votes4 = 1354475|sw4 = +3.65 |seats4 = 5|sc4 = +4
|party5 = [[Communist Party of India]]|votes5 = 1055013|sw5 = +4.95 |seats5 = 4|sc5 = +4
|party6 = [[Peasants and Workers Party of India]]|votes6 = 924832|sw6 = –1.48 |seats6 = 4|sc6 = +3
|party7 = [[Bharatiya Jana Sangh]]|votes7 = 566008|sw7 = New|seats7 = 2|sc7 = New
|party8 = Other parties|votes8 = 136749|sw8 = –4.14 |seats8 = 0|sc8 = 0
|party9 = Independents|votes9 = 3109733|sw9 = +6.58 |seats9 = 8|sc9 = +5
|total_sc = +21
}}

====Kerala====
{{Election results
|party1 = [[Communist Party of India]]|votes1 = 2267888|seats1 = 9
|party2 = [[Indian National Congress]]|votes2 = 2102883|seats2 = 6
|party4 = [[Praja Socialist Party]]|votes4 = 438459|seats4 = 1
|party5 = [[Revolutionary Socialist Party (India)|Revolutionary Socialist Party]]|votes5 = 308742|seats5 = 0
|party6 = Independents|votes6 = 932274|seats6 = 2
}}

====Madhya Pradesh====
{{Election results
|party1 = [[Indian National Congress]]|votes1 = 3967199|sw1 = +0.47 |seats1 = 35|sc1 = +8
|party2 = [[Hindu Mahasabha]]|votes2 = 373503|sw2 = +4.60 |seats2 = 1|sc2 = +1
|party3 = [[Praja Socialist Party]]|votes3 = 1225735|sw3 = –2.38 |seats3 = 0|sc3 = 0
|party4 = [[Bharatiya Jana Sangh]]|votes4 = 1062936|sw4 = +9.02 |seats4 = 0|sc4 = 0
|party6 = Other parties |votes6 = 376441|sw6 = –7.77 |seats6 = 0|sc6 = 0
|party7 = Independents|votes7 = 608408|sw7 = –3.94 |seats7 = 0|sc7 = –2
|total_sc = +7
}}

====Madras====
{{Election results
|party1 = [[Indian National Congress]]|votes1 = 5094552|sw1 = +10.13 |seats1 = 31|sc1 = +7
|party3 = [[Communist Party of India]]|votes3 = 1101338|sw3 = +1.11 |seats3 = 2|sc3 = –1
|party4 = [[Praja Socialist Party]]|votes4 = 399789|sw4 = –11.43 |seats4 = 0|sc4 = +0
|party5 = Independents|votes5 = 4355162|sw5 = +16.62 |seats5 = 8|sc5 = +8
|total_sc = –34
}}

====Mysore====
{{Election results
|party1 = [[Indian National Congress]]|votes1 = 3219014|sw1 = –13.42 |seats1 = 23|sc1 = +13
|party2 = [[Praja Socialist Party]]|votes2 = 1082698|sw2 = –10.79 |seats2 = 1|sc2 = 0
|party3 = [[Republican Party of India|Scheduled Caste Federation]]|votes3 = 115214|sw3 = New|seats3 = 1|sc3 = New
|party5 = Other parties|votes5 = 228979|sw5 = |seats5 = 0|sc5 =0
|party6 = Independents|votes6 = 1152535|sw6 = +9.52 |seats6 = 1|sc6 = +1
|total_sc = +15
}}

====Orissa====
{{Election results
|party1 = [[Indian National Congress]]|votes1 = 1776767|sw1 = –2.50 |seats1 = 7|sc1 = –4
|party2 = [[All India Ganatantra Parishad]]|votes2 = 1291141|sw2 = +2.85 |seats2 = 7|sc2 = +1
|party4 = [[Praja Socialist Party]]|votes4 = 684023|sw4 = –1.44 |seats4 = 2|sc4 = +1
|party5 = [[Communist Party of India]]|votes5 = 214903|sw5 = –0.93 |seats5 = 1|sc5 = 0
|party6 = Independents|votes6 = 473656|sw6 = +2.02 |seats6 = 3|sc6 = +2
|total_sc = 0
}}

====Punjab====
{{Election results
|party1 = [[Indian National Congress]]|votes1 = 3682219|sw1 = +8.50 |seats1 = 21|sc1 = +5
|party2 = [[Communist Party of India]]|votes2 = 1207600|sw2 = +11.77 |seats2 = 1|sc2 = +1
|party3 = [[Bharatiya Jana Sangh]]|votes3 = 1152672|sw3 = +10.45 |seats3 = 0|sc3 = 0
|party5 = Other parties|votes5 = 333630|sw5 = –23.32 |seats5 = 0|sc5 = –2
|party6 = Independents|votes6 = 807709|sw6 = –7.40 |seats6 = 0|sc6 = 0
|total_sc = +4
}}

====Rajasthan====
{{Election results
|party1 = [[Indian National Congress]]|votes1 = 2494094|sw1 = +12.23 |seats1 = 19|sc1 = +10
|party3 = [[Bharatiya Jana Sangh]]|votes3 = 518355|sw3 = +8.11 |seats3 = 0|sc3 = –1
|party4 = Other parties|votes4 = 356278|sw4 = –18.72 |seats4 = 0|sc4 = –4
|party5 = Independents|votes5 = 1280356|sw5 = –1.62 |seats5 = 3|sc5 = –3
|total_sc = +2
}}

====Uttar Pradesh====
{{Election results
|party1 = [[Indian National Congress]]|votes1 = 10599639|sw1 = –6.70 |seats1 = 70|sc1 = –11
|party3 = [[Praja Socialist Party]]|votes3 = 3511157|sw3 = –2.50 |seats3 = 4|sc3 = +2
|party4 = [[Bharatiya Jana Sangh]]|votes4 = 3385247|sw4 = +7.50 |seats4 = 2|sc4 = +2
|party5 = [[Communist Party of India]]|votes5 = 383509|sw5 = +1.32 |seats5 = 1|sc5 = +1
|party6 = [[Akhil Bharatiya Ram Rajya Parishad]]|votes6 = 98138|sw6 = –3.12 |seats6 = 0|sc6 = 0
|party7 = Independents|votes7 = 4918413|sw7 = +10.14 |seats7 = 9|sc7 = +7
|total_sc = 0
}}

====West Bengal====
{{Election results
|party1 = [[Indian National Congress]]|votes1 = 5031696|sw1 = +6.10 |seats1 = 23|sc1 = –1
|party2 = [[Communist Party of India]]|votes2 = 1985181|sw2 = +9.55 |seats2 = 6|sc2 = +1
|party4 = [[Marxist Forward Bloc]]|votes4 = 665341|sw4 = +1.85 |seats4 = 2|sc4 = +2
|party5 = [[Praja Socialist Party]]|votes5 = 590692|sw5 = –5.26 |seats5 = 2|sc5 = +2
|party6 = [[Hindu Mahasabha]]|votes6 = 561741|sw6 = +1.11 |seats6 = 0|sc6 = –1
|party7 = [[Bharatiya Jana Sangh]]|votes7 = 149351|sw7 = –4.51 |seats7 = 0|sc7 = –2
|party8 = Independents|votes8 = 1456098|sw8 = –4.51 |seats8 = 3|sc8 = +3
|total_sc = +2
}}

===Women performance in elections===
Based on the published data from the Election Commission of India (ECI) website.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1957/Vol_I_57_LS.pdf | title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1957 : To the Second Lok Sabha Volume-I | work=Election Commission of India | page=5 | access-date=11 July 2015 | archive-date=20 March 2012 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120320181548/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1957/Vol_I_57_LS.pdf | url-status=live }}</ref>
====Participation====
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size:95%;"
|-
! rowspan=2|State/UT
! rowspan=2|Total seats
! colspan=2|Women contestants
! rowspan=2|Elected
! rowspan=2|Women contestants (%)
! rowspan=2|Elected (%)
|-
! Women
! Seats
|-
| Andhra Pradesh || 43 || 4 || 3 || 3 || 3.5% || 6.9%
|-
| Assam || 12 || 2 || 2 || 2 || 6.5% || 14.3%
|-
| Bihar || 53 || 7 || 7 || 5 || 3.7% || 9.4%
|-
| Bombay || 66 || 5 || 5 || 3 || 3.11% || 4.5%
|-
| Kerala || 18 || 1 || 1 || 0 || 1.7% || 0
|-
| Madhya Pradesh || 36 || 8 || 6 || 3 || 6.6% || 8.3%
|-
| Madras || 41 || 2 || 2 || 1 || 3.2% || 2.4%
|-
| Mysore || 26 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0
|-
| Manipur || 2 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0
|-
| Orissa || 20 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 ||0
|-
| Punjab || 22 || 1 || 1 || 1 || 1.3% || 4.5%
|-
| Rajasthan || 22 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0
|-
| Tripura || 1 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0
|-
| Uttar Pradesh || 86 || 6 || 4 || 1 || 2.05% || 13.75%
|-
| West Bengal || 36 || 5 || 4 || 2 || 11.59% || 1.1%
|-
| Delhi || 5 || 4 || 2 || 1 || 14.8% || 20%
|-
| Himachal Pradesh || 4 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0
|- class="sortbottom"
| '''India''' || '''494''' || '''45''' || '''37''' || '''22''' || '''2.96%''' || '''4.45%'''
|}

==See also==
*[[List of members of the 2nd Lok Sabha]]
*[[Election Commission of India]]
*[[Booth capturing]]
*[[:Category:1957 Indian general election by state or union territory]]

==Notes==
{{notelist}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Indian elections}}

[[Category:1957 elections in India|General]]
[[Category:February 1957 in Asia|India]]
[[Category:March 1957 in Asia|India]]
[[Category:1957 elections in Asia|India]]
[[Category:General elections in India]]

Kadambathur Assembly constituency

2026-04-19T08:51:34Z

Wavage786: Creating Article!

{{Short description|Former assembly constituency of Tamil Nadu, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2026}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Kadambathur
| state = [[Tamil Nadu]]
| type = SLA
| map_image =
| established = 1962
| district = [[Thiruvallur district|Thiruvallur]]
| loksabha_cons =
| reservation = None
| abolished= 1971
}}
'''Kadambathur''' was a [[Legislative Assembly of Tamil Nadu|state assembly]] constituency in [[Thiruvallur district]], [[Tamil Nadu]], India. It existed from 1962 to 1971.

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Year
! Winner
! colspan="2" | Party
|-
| [[1971 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|1971]]||A Parandhaman|| {{Full party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|-
| [[1967 Madras Legislative Assembly election|1967]]||C. V. M. Annamalai|| {{Full party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|-
| [[1962 Madras Legislative Assembly election|1962]]||[[Ekambara Mudaliar]]|| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|}

==Election results==
{{bar box
|float=right
|title= Vote share of winning candidates
|titlebar=#ddd
|width=300px
|barwidth=275px
|bars=
{{bar percent|[[#1971|1971]]|{{party color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|67.11}}
{{bar percent|[[#1967|1967]]|{{party color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|66.68}}
{{bar percent|[[#1962|1962]]|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|44.28}}
}}

===1971===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1971 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Kadambathur<ref>{{cite web | last = Election Commission of India | title = Statistical Report on General Election 1971 | url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1971/StatReport_TN_71.pdf | access-date = 19 April 2009 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101006131227/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1971/StatReport_TN_71.pdf | archive-date = 6 Oct 2010}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=A Parandhaman |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=38,569 |percentage=67.11% |change=0.43% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Era Kulasekaran |party=Indian National Congress |votes=18,903 |percentage=32.89% |change=-0.43% }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=19,666 |percentage=34.22% |change=0.87% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=57,472 |percentage=72.27% |change= -9.92% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 85,210 |change = }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= 0.43% }}
{{Election box end}}

===1967===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1967 Madras Legislative Assembly election]]: Kadambathur<ref>{{Cite web| last = Election Commission of India|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Madras%201967.pdf |title= Statistical Report on General Election 1967 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120320175222/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Madras%201967.pdf |archive-date=20 March 2012 |access-date= 19 April 2009}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=C. V. M. Annamalai |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=43,499 |percentage=66.68% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=C. C. Naidu |party=Indian National Congress |votes=21,741 |percentage=33.32% |change=-10.96% }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=21,758 |percentage=33.35% |change=16.61% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=65,240 |percentage=82.19% |change= 22.34% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 82,750 |change = }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= 22.39% }}
{{Election box end}}

===1962===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1962 Madras Legislative Assembly election]]: Kadambathur<ref>{{cite web | last = Election Commission of India |title=Statistical Report on General Election 1962 |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_Madras_1962.pdf |access-date= 19 April 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130127201143/https://eci.gov.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_Madras_1962.pdf |archive-date=27 Jan 2013}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[Ekambara Mudaliar]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=17,314 |percentage=44.28% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Govindaswamy Naidu |party=Swatantra Party |votes=10,767 |percentage=27.54% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=P. Srinivasan |party=Independent politician |votes=6,143 |percentage=15.71% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Chengalvaraya Naidu |party=Independent politician |votes=2,554 |percentage=6.53% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=K. Thiruvengidam |party=Independent politician |votes=2,320 |percentage=5.93% |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=6,547 |percentage=16.75% |change= }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=39,098 |percentage=59.85% |change= }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 69,958 |change = }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner=Indian National Congress |loser= |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/ElectionStatistics.asp |title=Statistical reports of assembly elections |access-date=8 July 2010 |publisher=Election Commission of India |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101005110118/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/ElectionStatistics.asp |archive-date=5 October 2010 }}

{{Defunct assembly constituencies of Tamil Nadu}}
{{coords|13.10|79.86|display=title}}

[[Category:Former assembly constituencies of Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Tiruvallur district]]
[[Category:Politics of Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1962]]
[[Category:1962 establishments in Madras State]]
[[Category:Constituencies disestablished in 1971]]
[[Category:1971 disestablishments in India]]

{{Tiruvallur-geo-stub}}
{{India-constituency-stub}}

Samrala Assembly constituency

2026-04-14T03:34:41Z

Wavage786: stub

{{short description|Legislative Assembly constituency in Punjab State, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2018}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Samrala
| map_image = 58-Samrala.svg
| mla = [[Jagtar Singh Diyalpura]]
| party = [[Aam Aadmi Party]]
| latest_election_year = [[2022 Punjab Legislative Assembly election|2022]]
| state = [[Punjab, India|Punjab]]
| district = [[Ludhiana district|Ludhiana]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Fatehgarh Sahib (Lok Sabha constituency)|Fatehgarh Sahib]]
| reservation = None
| established = 1951
| electors = {{formatnum:175822}} (in 2022) {{update after|2027|02}}
| type = SLA
| constituency_no = 58
}}
'''Samrala Assembly constituency''' (Sl. No.: 58) is a [[Punjab Legislative Assembly]] constituency in [[Ludhiana district]], [[Punjab, India|Punjab]] state, India.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://ceopunjab.nic.in/English/Elections/SE/List%20Of%20AC%20Name.pdf|title= List of Punjab Assembly Constituencies|accessdate= 19 July 2016|url-status= dead|archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20160423033326/http://ceopunjab.nic.in/english/Elections/SE/List%20Of%20AC%20Name.pdf|archivedate= 23 April 2016|df= dmy-all}}</ref>

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Year
!Member
!Picture
!colspan="2"|Party
|-
|[[2017 Punjab Legislative Assembly election|2017]]
|[[Amrik Singh Dhillon]] ||
|style="background-color: {{party color | Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|[[2022 Punjab Legislative Assembly election|2022]]
| [[Jagtar Singh Diyalpura]]||
|{{Full party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|-
|}

== Election results ==
===2022===
 <section begin="Assembly Election 2022"/>
{{Election box begin | title=[[2022 Punjab Legislative Assembly election|Punjab Assembly election, 2022]]: Samrala}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Aam Aadmi Party
|candidate = [[Jagtar Singh Diyalpura]]<ref name="affidavit">{{cite web |title=Election Commission of India |url=https://affidavit.eci.gov.in/show-profile/NTY0NA==/MjM=/MTM=/Mw==/QUM= |website=affidavit.eci.gov.in |access-date=10 February 2022}}</ref><ref name="2022 Punjab AAP candidates">{{cite news |title=Punjab Elections 2022: Full list of Aam Aadmi Party candidates and their constituencies |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/punjab-elections-2022-full-list-of-aam-aadmi-party-candidates/2404732/ |access-date=23 January 2022 |work=The Financial Express |date=21 January 2022 |language=en}}</ref>
|votes = {{formatnum:57557}}
|percentage = 43.11
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Shiromani Akali Dal
|candidate = Paramjit Singh Dhillon
|votes = {{formatnum:26667}}
|percentage = 20.1
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Rupinder Singh Raja Gill<ref name="Punjab INC 2022">{{cite news |title=Punjab Elections 2022: Full list of Congress Candidates and their Constituencies |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/punjab-elections-2022-full-list-of-congress-candidates/2407341/ |access-date=18 February 2022 |work=FE Online |agency=The Indian Express Group |issue=The Financial Express (India) |date=February 18, 2022}}</ref>
|votes = {{formatnum:23368}}
|percentage = 17.6
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Bharatiya Janta Party
|candidate = Ranjit Singh Gahlewal
|votes = {{formatnum:2331}}
|percentage = 1.8
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = {{formatnum:30890}}
|percentage = 23.14
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = {{formatnum:133524}}
|percentage = 75.7
|change =
}}
{{Election box registered electors
|reg. electors = {{formatnum:175822}}
|ref=<ref name="Punjab Election 2022">{{cite web |title=Punjab General Legislative Election 2022 |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/14165-punjab-general-legislative-election-2022/ |website=Election Commission of India |access-date=18 May 2022}}</ref>
}}
{{Election box end}}<section end="Assembly Election 2022"/>

=== 2017 ===
 <section begin="Assembly Election 2017"/>
{{Election box begin | title=[[2017 Punjab Legislative Assembly election|Punjab Assembly election, 2017]]: Samrala<ref name=election2017>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3614-punjab-general-legislative-election-2017/ |title=Punjab General Legislative Election 2017 |author=Election Commission of India |access-date= 26 June 2021}}</ref><ref>[http://punjabassembly.nic.in/index.php/members/detail/125 Elections Result 2017]</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = [[Amrik Singh Dhillon]]
|votes = {{formatnum:51930}}
|percentage = 38.77
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Aam Aadmi Party
|candidate = Sarbans Singh Manki
|votes = {{formatnum:40925}}
|percentage =30.55
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Shiromani Akali Dal
|candidate = Santa Singh Umaidpur
|votes = {{formatnum:38114}}
|percentage =28.45
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Shiromani Akali Dal (Amritsar)
|candidate = Shingara Singh
|votes = {{formatnum:837}}
|percentage =.62
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Dalvir Singh
|votes = {{formatnum:687}}
|percentage =.51
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate|
|party =SAKP
|candidate = Dilbagh Singh
|votes ={{formatnum:386}}
|percentage =.29
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes ={{formatnum:11005}}
|percentage =8.21
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes ={{formatnum:133951}}
|percentage =80.00
|change =
}}
{{Election box registered electors
|reg. electors = {{formatnum:167423}}
|ref=<ref name=electors2017>{{cite web |url=http://ceopunjab.nic.in/English/Elections/SE/VS2017/D03-Electors%20and%20Polling%20Stations%20VS%202017.pdf |title=Electors and Polling Stations - VS 2017 |author=Chief Electoral Officer - Punjab |access-date= 24 June 2021}}</ref>
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner =Indian National Congress
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}<section end="Assembly Election 2017"/>

==See also==
* [[List of constituencies of the Punjab Legislative Assembly]]
* [[Ludhiana district]]
* [[Amrik Singh Dhillon]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{cite web |title=Record of all Punjab Assembly Election results |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/category/86-punjab/ |website=eci.gov.in |publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date=14 March 2022}}
{{Assembly constituencies of Punjab}}
{{coord|30.84|76.19|display=title}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Punjab, India]]
[[Category:Ludhiana district]]
[[Category:Politics of Punjab, India]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1951]]
[[Category:1951 establishments in East Punjab]]

Nandini Sahu

2026-04-11T10:16:12Z

Wavage786: started initial pg w/ infobox

{{short description|Indian poet, writer and critic}}
{{multiple issues|
{{original research|date=July 2017}}
{{BLP primary sources|date=July 2017}}
{{Disputed|date=June 2019}}
}}
{{Use British English|date=August 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2016}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Nandini Sahu
| image =
| caption =
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1973|07|23}}
| birth_place = [[G. Udayagiri]], Orissa, India
| profession = Professor
| alma_mater = [[Visva-Bharati University]]
| occupation = Writer, poet, critic
| office = [[Vice-Chancellor]] at [[Hindi University]], [[Howrah]]
| term_start1 = 22 December 2024
| predecessor1 = Vijay Kumar Bharti
| office2 = [[Professor]] at [[Indira Gandhi National Open University]]
| term_start2 = 2006
| children =
| parents =
}}

'''Nandini Sahu''' (born 23 July 1973) is an Indian poet and creative writer.

In 2025, she is the Vice Chancellor, Hindi University, West Bengal.<ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.hindiuniv.ac.in |title= Home page, "Brief Biography of the Vice Chancellor" |author= |date= |website= Hindi University |publisher= |access-date= June 17, 2025 |quote=}}</ref> She is also Ex-Director, School of Foreign Languages and professor of English at Indira Gandhi National Open University [IGNOU], New Delhi. Her areas of research interest cover Indian Literature, New Literatures, Folklore and Culture Studies, American Literature, Children’s Literature and Critical Theory. She is the Chief Editor/Founder Editor of Interdisciplinary Journal of Literature and Language(IJLL), and Panorama Literaria, both bi-annual peer-reviewed journals in English.<ref name="goog">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Q_MKAQAAMAAJ&q=%22nandini+sahu%22|title=The Atlantic Literary Review, Volume 7|year=2006|access-date=16 February 2013}}</ref><ref name="theper">{{cite web|url=http://www.theperegrinemuse.com/PoetsInternational/bios-of-the-poets/|title=Nandini Sahu|publisher=The Peregrine Muse.com-Poets International|access-date=23 February 2013|archive-date=22 July 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130722072121/http://www.theperegrinemuse.com/PoetsInternational/bios-of-the-poets/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="isahitya">{{cite web|url=http://isahitya.com/index.php/books/book-review/320-folklore-and-the-alternative-modernities|title=Book Review : Folklore and the Alternative Modernities|publisher=Isahitya.com|date=25 March 2012|access-date=7 September 2012}}</ref><ref name="poet">{{cite web|url=http://www.poetsprintery.co.za/index.php/authors/141-nandini-sahu|title=Nandini Sahu|publisher=Poets Printery.com|access-date=27 August 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121010012241/http://www.poetsprintery.co.za/index.php/authors/141-nandini-sahu|archive-date=10 October 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref> She is also professor of English at the [[Indira Gandhi National Open University]], New Delhi, India. She has written several books including poetry in English.<ref name="tribune">{{cite news|url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2005/20050925/spectrum/book11.htm|title=The Other Voice by Nandini Sahu Authors Press|newspaper=[[The Tribune (Chandigarh)|The Tribune]]|date=25 September 2005|access-date=23 February 2013}}</ref><ref name="allabout">{{cite web|url=http://www.allaboutbookpublishing.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=category&layout=blog&id=52&Itemid=164&limitstart=5|title=Poetic tongue is the idiom that comes from the spirit|publisher= All About Book Publishing.Com|access-date=20 August 2012}}</ref> Her poetry has been published in India, US, UK, Africa and Pakistan.<ref name="motime">{{cite news|url=http://mauritiustimes.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=2520:dr-nandini-sahu&catid=1:latest-news&Itemid=50|title=In conversation with Dr Nandini Sahu|newspaper=Muritius Times.com|date=25 October 2013|access-date=27 October 2013}}</ref> She has won three gold medals in [[English literature]] and also the award of ''All India Poetry Contest'' in 1993 at Saint Xavier College, Ranchi and ''Shiksha Ratna Purashkar''.<ref name="motime"/><ref name="mtimes">{{cite news|url=http://mauritiustimes.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=2515:sarita-boodhoo-&catid=1:latest-news&Itemid=50|title=Laudable Folklore Workshop of the MGI's Department of Bhojpuri, Folklore and Oral Traditions|newspaper=Mauritius Times|date=18 October 2013|access-date=25 October 2013}}</ref><ref name="ignou">{{cite web|title=Nandini Sahu Associate Professor|publisher=Ignou The People's University|url=http://www.ignou.ac.in/ignou/aboutignou/school/soh/faculty/detail/Dr_Nandini_Sahu-418|access-date=20 August 2012|archive-date=5 November 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171105134728/http://www.ignou.ac.in/ignou/aboutignou/school/soh/faculty/detail/Dr_Nandini_Sahu-418|url-status=dead}}</ref> She is also editor in chief of ''Interdisciplinary Journal of Literature and Language''<ref name="pbd">{{cite web|url=http://pbdodisha.in/uploads/pdf/2013-09-29/Page10.pdf|title=Budding writers should take praise and criticism on equal terms|publisher=The Political Business Daily|date=29 September 2013|access-date=19 January 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140203025330/http://pbdodisha.in/uploads/pdf/2013-09-29/Page10.pdf|archive-date=3 February 2014|df=dmy-all}}</ref>

==Early life==
Sahu was born on 23 July 1973 in [[G. Udayagiri]] in [[Odisha|Orissa]], India. Her parents were teachers in Indian local schools. She and her five sisters grew up in an obedience life.<ref name="motime"/>{{Clarify|reason=What is obedience life?|date=June 2025}} She accomplished her doctorate in English literature under the guidance of [[Niranjan Mohanty]], Professor of English, Visva Bharati, Santiniketan. She is also obtaining [[Doctor of Letters|D.Litt]], on Native American Literature.<ref name="ignou"/>{{Update inline|date=June 2025}} She is serving as Professor of English language at the [[Indira Gandhi National Open University]], New Delhi.<ref name="high">{{cite web|url=http://updates.highereducationinindia.com/2010/ignou-likely-to-launch-ma-programme-in-4577.php|title=IGNOU Likely To Launch MA Programme in Folklore & Culture Studies|publisher=Higher Education in India.com|date=13 October 2010|access-date=23 February 2013}}</ref> She has also attended national seminars.<ref name="indian">{{cite news|url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/national-seminar-held-at-gndec/437298/|title=National seminar held at GNDEC|newspaper=[[The Indian Express]]|date=9 February 2009|access-date=23 February 2013}}</ref>{{Update inline|date=June 2025}}

==Literary career==
Sahu has written several books including poetry collections. Her writings are based on the subjects of Indian-English Literature, [[American Literature]], [[English Language Teaching]] (ELT), Folklore and Culture Studies and also Children's literature. The Hindi Translator Dinesh Kumar Mali had translated her poetry Sita in Hindi,<ref>https://professornandinisahusita.blogspot.com {{User-generated source|date=August 2022}}</ref> her representative poems <ref>https://professornandinisahupoems.blogspot.com {{User-generated source|date=August 2022}}</ref> as well as her stories. She has designed and developed programmes on [[Folklore]] and [[Culture studies]] for IGNOU.<ref name="ignou"/> She is also the editor-in-chief of ''Interdisciplinary Journal of Literature And Language'', New Delhi. Moreover, Sahu has delivered lectures on various subjects in India and abroad.<ref name="motime"/><ref name="ignou"/>

==Awards==
* Award of ''All India Poetry Contest''<ref name="ignou"/>
* Award of ''Shiksha Ratna Purashkar''<ref name="ignou"/>
* Three Gold Medals in English literature<ref name="ignou"/>
* Poiesis Award of Honor-2015<ref name="ignou"/>
* Buddha Creative Writers’ Award <ref name="ignou"/>
*The Gold Medal from the Vice-President of India for her contribution to English Studies in India.<ref name="ignou"/>

==Publications==
Sahu’s works include;<ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.goodreads.com/author/list/7094740.Nandini_Sahu |title= Nandini Sahu |author= |date= |website= Good Reads |publisher= |access-date= June 17, 2025 |quote=}}</ref>

===Selected works===
* ''The Other Voice, a collection of poems'', 2004<ref name="tribune"/><ref name="google"/>
* ''The Silence'', 2005<ref name="google">{{cite web|url=https://www.google.nl/search?hl=nl&tbo=p&tbm=bks&q=inauthor:%22Nandini+Sahu%22|title=List of Nandini Sahu books|access-date=20 August 2012}}</ref>
* ''Silver Poems on My Lips'', 2009<ref name="books.google">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vLXmQQAACAAJ|title=Silver Poems on My Lips|date=January 2009|publisher=Authorspress |isbn=9788172734718|access-date=20 August 2012}}</ref>
* ''Sukamaa and Other Poems'' Published by The Poetry Society of India, Gurgaon {{ISBN|978-81-925839-2-1}}<ref name="gal">{{cite web|url=http://www.galaxyimrj.com/V3/n3/Niroj.pdf|title=Sukamaa and other Poems|publisher=Galaxyimrj.com|date=|access-date=11 June 2014}}</ref><ref name="bol">{{cite web|url=http://www.boloji.com/index.cfm?md=Content&sd=Articles&ArticleID=14982|title=Nandini Sahu's Magic Cadence of Poetic Thoughts Reigns|publisher=Boloji.com|date=22 September 2013|access-date=23 September 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140403014517/http://www.boloji.com/index.cfm?md=Content&sd=Articles&ArticleID=14982|archive-date=3 April 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* ''Suvarnarekha'' : An anthology of Indian women poets<ref name="glob">{{cite web|url=http://www.globalfraternityofpoets.com/bookstore/index.php/yayati-madan-g-gandhi/suvarnarekha.html#sthash.kgyfXFbW.GQyIPM8O.dpbs|title=Suvarnarekha|publisher=Global Fraternityof Poets.com|date=|access-date=11 June 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140620182002/http://www.globalfraternityofpoets.com/bookstore/index.php/yayati-madan-g-gandhi/suvarnarekha.html#sthash.kgyfXFbW.GQyIPM8O.dpbs|archive-date=20 June 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* ''[https://www.amazon.in/Sita-Dr-Nandini-Sahu-ebook/dp/B0156R8SNC Sita (A Poem)]''
* ''Dynamics of Children’s Literature''
* ''Zero Point''
* ''[https://www.amazon.in/-/hi/Jayanta-Mahapatra/dp/1645602001/ref=sr_ Re-reading Jayanta Mahapatra: Selected Poems_]''
* ''[https://www.amazon.in/-/hi/Nandini-Sahu/dp/1645014199/ref=sr_ सीता महाकाव्य: हिन्दी अनुवाद_]''
* ''[https://www.amazon.in/-/hi/Song-Half-Nandini-Sahu/dp/1645602567/ref=sr_ A Song Half & Half_]''
* ''[https://www.amazon.in/Shedding-Metaphors-Nandini-Sahu/dp/1645603482/ref=sr_1_6?qid=1692262638&refinements=p_27%3ANandini+Sahu&s=books&sr=1-6/ref=sr_ Shedding-Metaphors_]''
* ''Medusa'' (2025) <ref>{{cite book |url= https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/235242713-medusa |title= Medusa |author= |date= 27 May 2025|website= Good Reads |publisher= Black Eagle Books|isbn= 978-1-64560-693-2 |access-date= June 17, 2025 |quote=}}</ref>

===Critical books===
* ''Recollection as Redemption'', 2004<ref name="ignou"/>
* ''Post Modernist Delegations in English Language Teaching: The Quixotic Deluge'', 2005<ref name="google"/>
* ''The Post Colonial Space: Writing the Self and The Nation'', 2008<ref name="ignou"/><ref>A.C. Bradley Oxford Lectures On Poetry – Page 400 1999 "Also of Interest The Post-Colonial Space : Writing the Self and the Nation, Ed.Nandini Sahu.."</ref><ref>Mohit Kumar Ray ''Studies In Elt, Linguistics And Applied Linguistics'' Page vii 2004 "Dr Nandini Sahu makes out a case for Indian poetics as a significant body of critical criteria and pleads for their ... "</ref>
* '' Folklore and the Alternative Modernities(Vol I & II)'', 2012

==See also==
* [[List of Indian poets]]
* [[List of Indian writers]]
* [[List of women writers]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://www.confluence.org.uk/category/thearts/poetry-rendezvous/poems-by-dr-nandini-sahu/ Poems By Dr Nandini Sahu (Confluence - South Asian Perspectives)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200303072307/http://www.confluence.org.uk/category/thearts/poetry-rendezvous/poems-by-dr-nandini-sahu/ |date=3 March 2020 }}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20180712183601/http://www.merinews.com/article/nandini-sahus-silver-poems-on-my-lips---a-search-for-love-in-vacuum/15866373.shtml Nandini Sahu's Silver Poems on My Lips - A Search for Love in Vacuum]
* [http://www.merinews.com/article/dr-nandini-sahus-the-other-voice-an-enduring-poetic-legacy/15865910.shtml Dr. Nandini Sahu's The Other Voice: An enduring poetic legacy] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200303072304/http://www.merinews.com/article/dr-nandini-sahus-the-other-voice-an-enduring-poetic-legacy/15865910.shtml |date=3 March 2020 }}
* [https://professornandinisahupoems.blogspot.com/ Bilingual blog of poems of Dr Nandini Sahu ]
* [https://professornandinisahusita.blogspot.com/ Bilingual blog of Sita of Dr Nandini Sahu ]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20180712192001/http://www.boloji.com/index.cfm?md=Content&sd=Writers&WriterID=941 Dr. Nandini Sahu]

{{authority control}}
{{portal bar|Biography|India|Literature}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sahu, Nandini}}
[[Category:1973 births]]
[[Category:Poets from Odisha]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian women poets]]
[[Category:Indian women academics]]
[[Category:Writers from New Delhi]]
[[Category:Indira Gandhi National Open University]]

List of urban local bodies in Chhattisgarh

2026-04-10T06:01:09Z

Wavage786: started a pg from scratch

{{short description|None}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2025}}

[[Chhattisgarh]] has 14 [[Municipal Corporation]]s, 54 [[Municipal Council]]s and 124 Municipal Boards or [[Urban Local Bodies|Nagar Pachayats]]. Thus Chhattisgarh has a total 192 [[Municipality|Municipalities]] or [[Urban Local Bodies]](ULBs).<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-01-08|title=CG Nikay : छत्तीसगढ़ में नए नगरीय निकायों का गठन, नगर पालिका में बदलीं सात नगर पंचायतें, अब कस्बें बन रहे शहर |url= https://www.amarujala.com/chhattisgarh/cg-nikay-chunav-2025-new-urban-bodies-formation-in-chhattisgarh-seven-nagar-panchayats-became-nagar-palika-2025-01-06|access-date=2024-01-06|website=Amar Ujala|language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-01-08|title=Urban Local Bodies of Chhattisgarh |url=
https://localbodydata.com/urban-local-bodies-list-in-chhattisgarh-state-22 |website=LocalBodyData|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-02-16|title=Chhattisgarh Municipal Election Result LIVE: BJP registers landslide victory, CM Sai calls it 'historic moment' |url= https://www.livemint.com/politics/chhattisgarh-municipal-election-result-live-bjp-leads-in-nikay-chunav-results-counting-underway-congress-11739603359696.html|access-date=2025-02-16|website= Live Mint|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-02-16|title=BJP sweeps urban body polls in Chhattisgarh , wins all 10 mayor posts
|url= https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/raipur/bjp-sweeps-urban-body-polls-in-chhattisgarh-wins-all-10-mayor-posts/articleshow/118292642.cms|access-date=2025-02-16|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref>

==List of municipal corporations==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|- style="text-align:center; height:45px;"
! scope="col" | S. No.
! Municipal corporation
! District
! Mayor
! colspan=2| Ruling party
|- style="text-align:center; height:30px;"
| 1
| [[Ambikapur Municipal Corporation]]
| [[Surguja district|Sarguja]]
| Manjusha Bhagat
| {{Full party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=14}}
|- style="text-align:center; height:30px;"
| 2
| [[Bhilai Charoda Municipal Corporation]]
| rowspan="3" |[[Durg district|Durg]]
| '''Vacant'''
|- style="text-align:center; height:30px;"
| 3
|[[Bhilai Municipal Corporation]]
| '''Vacant'''
|- style="text-align:center; height:30px;"
| 4
|[[Durg Municipal Corporation]]
| Alka Baghmar
|- style="text-align:center; height:30px;"
| 5
| [[Bilaspur Municipal Corporation]]
|[[Bilaspur_district,_Chhattisgarh|Bilaspur]]
| Pooja Vidhani
|- style="text-align:center; height:30px;"
| 6
| [[Birgaon Municipal Corporation]]
|rowspan="2"|[[Raipur district|Raipur]]
| '''Vacant'''
|- style="text-align:center; height:30px;"
| 7
|[[Raipur Municipal Corporation]]
|[[Meenal Choubey]]
|- style="text-align:center; height:30px;"
| 8
|[[Chirmiri Municipal Corporation]]
|[[Koriya district|Koriya]]
| Ram Naresh Rai
|- style="text-align:center; height:30px;"
| 9
| [[Dhamtari Municipal Corporation]]
| [[Dhamtari district|Dhamtari]]
| Jagdish Ramu Mehra
|- style="text-align:center; height:30px;"
| 10
| [[Jagdalpur Municipal Corporation]]
| [[Bastar district|Bastar]]
| Sanjay Pandey
|- style="text-align:center; height:30px;"
| 11
| | [[Rajnandgaon Municipal Corporation]]
| [[Rajnandgaon district|Rajnandgaon]]
| Madhusudan Yadav
|- style="text-align:center; height:30px;"
| 12
| [[Risali Municipal Corporation]]
| [[Durg district|Durg]]
|'''Vacant'''
|- style="text-align:center; height:30px;"
| 13
| [[Korba Municipal Corporation]]
| [[Korba district|Korba]]
| Sanju Rajput
|- style="text-align:center; height:30px;"
| 14
| [[Raigarh Municipal Corporation]]
| [[Raigarh district|Raigarh]]
| Jeevardhan Chauhan
|}

== List of municipal councils ==
{{main|Nagar Palika}}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|- style="text-align:center; height:45px;"
! scope="col" | S. No.
! Nagar palika
! District
|- style="text-align:center; height:30px;"
| 1
| [[Balod]]
| rowspan ="2"| [[Balod district|Balod]]
|- style="text-align:center; height:30px;"
| 2
| [[Dalli Rajhara]]
|- style="text-align:center; height:30px;"
| 3
| [[Baloda Bazar]]
| rowspan ="3"| [[Baloda Bazar district|Baloda Bazar]]
|- style="text-align:center; height:30px;"
| 4
| [[Bhatapara]]
|- style="text-align:center; height:30px;"
| 5
| [[Simga]]
|- style="text-align:center; height:30px;"
| 6
| [[Ramanujganj]]
| [[Balrampur_district,_Chhattisgarh|Balrampur]]
|- style="text-align:center; height:30px;"
| 7
| [[Jagdalpur]]
| [[Bastar district|Bastar]]
|- style="text-align:center; height:30px;"
| 8
| [[Bemetara]]
| [[Bemetara district|Bemetara]]
|- style="text-align:center; height:30px;"
| 9
| [[Bijapur]]
| [[Bijapur district, Chhattisgarh|Bijapur]]
|- style="text-align:center; height:30px;"
| 10
| [[Bilha,_India|Bilha]]
| rowspan ="5"| [[Bilaspur_district,_Chhattisgarh|Bilaspur]]
|- style="text-align:center; height:30px;"
| 11
| [[Bodri]]
|- style="text-align:center; height:30px;"
| 12
| [[Ratanpur]]
|- style="text-align:center; height:30px;"
| 13
| [[Takhatpur]]
|- style="text-align:center; height:30px;"
| 14
| [[Tifra]]
|- style="text-align:center; height:30px;"
| 15
| [[Kirandul]]
| [[Dantewada district|Dantewada]]
|- style="text-align:center; height:30px;"
| 16
| [[Kurud]]
| [[Dhamtari district|Dhamtari]]
|- style="text-align:center; height:30px;"
| 17
| [[Ahiwara]]
| rowspan="2"| [[Durg district|Durg]]
|- style="text-align:center; height:30px;"
| 18
| [[Kumhari]]
|- style="text-align:center; height:30px;"
| 19
| [[Gariaband]]
| rowspan="2"|[[Gariaband district|Gariaband]]
|- style="text-align:center; height:30px;"
| 20
| [[Rajim]]
|- style="text-align:center; height:30px;"
| 21
| [[Gaurella]]
| rowspan="2"| [[Gaurela-Pendra-Marwahi district|Gaurela Pendra Marwahi]]
|- style="text-align:center; height:30px;"
| 22
| [[Pendra]]
|- style="text-align:center; height:30px;"
| 23
| [[Akaltara]]
| rowspan="3"|[[Janjgir-Champa district|Janjgir Champa]]
|- style="text-align:center; height:30px;"
| 26
| [[Champa]]
|- style="text-align:center; height:30px;"
| 27
| [[Janjgir]]
|- style="text-align:center; height:30px;"
| 28
| [[Jashpur]]
| [[Jashpur district|Jashpur]]
|- style="text-align:center; height:30px;"
| 29
| [[Kawardha]]
| rowspan="2"|[[Kabirdham district|Kawardha]]
|- style="text-align:center; height:30px;"
| 30
| [[Pandariya]]
|- style="text-align:center; height:30px;"
| 31
| [[Kanker,_Chhattisgarh|Kanker]]
| [[Kanker district|Kanker]]
|- style="text-align:center; height:30px;"
| 32
| [[Kondagaon]]
| [[Kondagaon district|Kondagaon]]
|- style="text-align:center; height:30px;"
| 33
| [[Katghora]]
| rowspan="2"|[[Korba district|Korba]]
|- style="text-align:center; height:30px;"
| 34
| [[Dipka]]
|- style="text-align:center; height:30px;"
| 35
| [[Baikunthpur,_Koriya|Baikunthpur]]
|[[Koriya district|Koriya]]
|- style="text-align:center; height:30px;"
| 36
| [[Bagbahara]]
| rowspan="3"|[[Mahasamund district|Mahasamund]]
|- style="text-align:center; height:30px;"
| 37
| [[Mahasamund]]
|- style="text-align:center; height:30px;"
| 38
| [[Saraipali]]
|- style="text-align:center; height:30px;"
| 39
| [[Manendragarh]]
| [[Manendragarh-Chirmiri-Bharatpur district|Manendragarh-Chirmiri-Bharatpur]]
|- style="text-align:center; height:30px;"
| 40
| [[Ambagarh Chowki]]
| [[Mohla-Manpur-Ambagarh Chowki district|Mohla-Manpur-Ambagarh Chowki]]
|- style="text-align:center; height:30px;"
| 41
| [[Lormi]]
| rowspan="2"|[[Mungeli district|Mungeli]]
|- style="text-align:center; height:30px;"
| 42
| [[Mungeli]]
|- style="text-align:center; height:30px;"
| 43
| [[Narayanpur,_Chhattisgarh|Narayanpur]]
| [[Narayanpur district|Narayanpur]]
|- style="text-align:center; height:30px;"
| 44
| [[Kharsia]]
| [[Raigarh district|Raigarh]]
|- style="text-align:center; height:30px;"
| 45
| [[Abhanpur]]
| [[Raipur district|Raipur]]
|- style="text-align:center; height:30px;"
| 46
| [[Dongargarh]]
| [[Rajnandgaon district|Rajnandgaon]]
|- style="text-align:center; height:30px;"
| 47
| [[Sarangarh]]
| [[Sarangarh-Bilaigarh district|Sarangarh-Bilaigarh]]
|- style="text-align:center; height:30px;"
| 48
| [[Sakti,_Chhattisgarh|Sakti]]
| [[Sakti district|Sakti]]
|- style="text-align:center; height:30px;"
| 49
| [[Sukma]]
| [[Sukma district|Sukma]]
|- style="text-align:center; height:30px;"
| 50
| [[Surajpur,_Chhattisgarh|Surajpur]]
| [[Surajpur district|Surajpur]]
|- style="text-align:center; height:30px;"
| 51
| [[Arang]]
| [[Raipur district|Raipur]]
|- style="text-align:center; height:30px;"
| 52
| [[Jamul,_Durg|Jamul]]
| [[Durg district|Durg]]
|- style="text-align:center; height:30px;"
| 53
| [[Tilda Newra]]
| [[Raipur district|Raipur]]
|- style="text-align:center; height:30px;"
| 54
| [[Khairagarh]]
| [[Khairagarh-Chhuikhadan-Gandai district|Khairagarh-Chhuikhadan-Gandai]]
|}

==List of municipal boards==
{{Main|Nagar panchayat}}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|- style="text-align:center; height:45px;"
! scope="col" | S. No.
! Nagar panchayat
! District
|- style="text-align:center; height:30px;"
| 1 || [[Abhanpur]] || rowspan ="4"| [[Raipur district|Raipur]]
|- style="text-align:center; height:30px;"
| 2 || [[Arang]]
|- style="text-align:center; height:30px;"
| 3 || Kharora
|- style="text-align:center; height:30px;"
| 4 || Mana-Camp
|- style="text-align:center; height:30px;"
| 5 || Kurud || [[Dhamtari district|Dhamtari]]
|- style="text-align:center; height:30px;"
| 6 || Magarlod || [[Dhamtari district|Dhamtari]]
|- style="text-align:center; height:30px;"
| 7 || Ambagarh Chowki || [[Mohla-Manpur-Ambagarh Chowki district|Mohla-Manpur-AC]]
|- style="text-align:center; height:30px;"
| 8 || Antagarh || [[Kanker district|Kanker]]
|- style="text-align:center; height:30px;"
| 9 || Bhanupratappur || [[Kanker district|Kanker]]
|- style="text-align:center; height:30px;"
| 10 || Narharpur || [[Kanker district|Kanker]]
|- style="text-align:center; height:30px;"
| 11 || Charama || [[Kanker district|Kanker]]
|- style="text-align:center; height:30px;"
| 12 || [[Adbhar]] || [[Sakti district|Sakti]]
|- style="text-align:center; height:30px;"
| 13 || Dabhra || [[Sakti district|Sakti]]
|- style="text-align:center; height:30px;"
| 14 || Jaijaipur || [[Sakti district|Sakti]]
|- style="text-align:center; height:30px;"
| 15 || Akaltara || [[Janjgir–Champa district|Janjgir–Champa]]
|- style="text-align:center; height:30px;"
| 16 || Baloda || [[Janjgir–Champa district|Janjgir–Champa]]
|- style="text-align:center; height:30px;"
| 17 || Shivrinarayan || [[Janjgir–Champa district|Janjgir–Champa]]
|- style="text-align:center; height:30px;"
| 18 || Bamhanidih || [[Janjgir–Champa district|Janjgir–Champa]]
|- style="text-align:center; height:30px;"
| 19 || Nawagarh || [[Janjgir–Champa district|Janjgir–Champa]]
|- style="text-align:center; height:30px;"
| 20 || Rahod || [[Janjgir–Champa district|Janjgir–Champa]]
|- style="text-align:center; height:30px;"
| 21 || [[Bilaigarh]] || [[Sarangarh–Bilaigarh district|Sarangarh–Bilaigarh]]
|- style="text-align:center; height:30px;"
| 22 || [[Sariya]] || [[Sarangarh–Bilaigarh district|Sarangarh–Bilaigarh]]
|- style="text-align:center; height:30px;"
| 23 || Berla || rowspan ="5"| [[Bemetara district|Bemetara]]
|- style="text-align:center; height:30px;"
| 24 || Maro
|- style="text-align:center; height:30px;"
| 25 || Nawagarh
|- style="text-align:center; height:30px;"
| 26 || Saja
|- style="text-align:center; height:30px;"
| 27 || Thankhamaria
|- style="text-align:center; height:30px;"
| 28 || Bagbahara || rowspan ="3"| [[Mahasamund district|Mahasamund]]
|- style="text-align:center; height:30px;"
| 29 || Basna
|- style="text-align:center; height:30px;"
| 30 || Pithora
|- style="text-align:center; height:30px;"
| 31 || [[Bodri]] || rowspan ="4"| [[Bilaspur district, Chhattisgarh|Bilaspur]]
|- style="text-align:center; height:30px;"
| 32 || Bilha
|- style="text-align:center; height:30px;"
| 33 || Kota
|- style="text-align:center; height:30px;"
| 34 || Malhar
|- style="text-align:center; height:30px;"
| 35 || Gaurela || rowspan ="2"| [[Gaurela-Pendra-Marwahi district|GPM]]
|- style="text-align:center; height:30px;"
| 36 || Pendra
|- style="text-align:center; height:30px;"
| 37 || Lormi || rowspan ="2"| [[Mungeli district|Mungeli]]
|- style="text-align:center; height:30px;"
| 38 || Pathariya
|- style="text-align:center; height:30px;"
| 39 || [[Chhuikhadan]] || [[Khairagarh-Chhuikhadan-Gandai district|KCG]]
|- style="text-align:center; height:30px;"
| 40 || [[Gandai]] || [[Khairagarh-Chhuikhadan-Gandai district|KCG]]
|- style="text-align:center; height:30px;"
| 41 || Dongargaon || [[Rajnandgaon district|Rajnandgaon]]
|- style="text-align:center; height:30px;"
| 42 || Chhuria || [[Rajnandgaon district|Rajnandgaon]]
|- style="text-align:center; height:30px;"
| 43 || [[Ghumka]] || [[Rajnandgaon district|Rajnandgaon]]
|- style="text-align:center; height:30px;"
| 44 || [[Kawardha]] || rowspan ="5"| [[Kabirdham district|Kabirdham]]
|- style="text-align:center; height:30px;"
| 45 || Pandariya
|- style="text-align:center; height:30px;"
| 46 || Bodla
|- style="text-align:center; height:30px;"
| 47 || Sahaspur Lohara
|- style="text-align:center; height:30px;"
| 48 || Pandatarai
|- style="text-align:center; height:30px;"
| 49 || [[Patan, Chhattisgarh|Patan]] || [[Durg district|Durg]]
|- style="text-align:center; height:30px;"
| 50 || Dhamdha || [[Durg district|Durg]]
|- style="text-align:center; height:30px;"
| 51 || Anda || [[Durg district|Durg]]
|- style="text-align:center; height:30px;"
| 52 || Gundardehi || [[Balod district|Balod]]
|- style="text-align:center; height:30px;"
| 53 || Gurur || [[Balod district|Balod]]
|- style="text-align:center; height:30px;"
| 54 || Chikhlakasa || [[Balod district|Balod]]
|- style="text-align:center; height:30px;"
| 55 || Dondi || [[Balod district|Balod]]
|- style="text-align:center; height:30px;"
| 56 || Arjunda || [[Balod district|Balod]]
|- style="text-align:center; height:30px;"
| 57 || [[Bhatgaon]] || [[Baloda Bazar-Bhatapara district|Baloda Bazar]]
|- style="text-align:center; height:30px;"
| 58 || [[Palari]] || [[Baloda Bazar-Bhatapara district|Baloda Bazar]]
|- style="text-align:center; height:30px;"
| 59 || Kasdol || [[Baloda Bazar-Bhatapara district|Baloda Bazar]]
|- style="text-align:center; height:30px;"
| 60 || Lawan || [[Baloda Bazar-Bhatapara district|Baloda Bazar]]
|- style="text-align:center; height:30px;"
| 61 || Tundra || [[Baloda Bazar-Bhatapara district|Baloda Bazar]]
|- style="text-align:center; height:30px;"
| 62 || Fingeshwar || [[Gariaband district|Gariaband]]
|- style="text-align:center; height:30px;"
| 63 || Chhura || [[Gariaband district|Gariaband]]
|- style="text-align:center; height:30px;"
| 64 || Rajim || [[Gariaband district|Gariaband]]
|- style="text-align:center; height:30px;"
| 65 || Katghora || [[Korba district|Korba]]
|- style="text-align:center; height:30px;"
| 66 || Pali || [[Korba district|Korba]]
|- style="text-align:center; height:30px;"
| 67 || Chhuri-Kala || [[Korba district|Korba]]
|- style="text-align:center; height:30px;"
| 68 || [[Dharamjaigarh]] || [[Raigarh district|Raigarh]]
|- style="text-align:center; height:30px;"
| 69 || Gharghoda || [[Raigarh district|Raigarh]]
|- style="text-align:center; height:30px;"
| 70 || Kharsia || [[Raigarh district|Raigarh]]
|- style="text-align:center; height:30px;"
| 71 || Lailunga || [[Raigarh district|Raigarh]]
|- style="text-align:center; height:30px;"
| 72 || Pussore || [[Raigarh district|Raigarh]]
|- style="text-align:center; height:30px;"
| 73 || Saradih || [[Raigarh district|Raigarh]]
|- style="text-align:center; height:30px;"
| 74 || Kirodimal Nagar || [[Raigarh district|Raigarh]]
|- style="text-align:center; height:30px;"
| 75 || [[Bastar district|Bastar]] || [[Bastar district|Bastar]]
|- style="text-align:center; height:30px;"
| 76 || Lohandiguda || [[Bastar district|Bastar]]
|- style="text-align:center; height:30px;"
| 77 || Bakawand || [[Bastar district|Bastar]]
|- style="text-align:center; height:30px;"
| 78 || [[Geedam]] || [[Dantewada district|Dantewada]]
|- style="text-align:center; height:30px;"
| 79 || Barsur || [[Dantewada district|Dantewada]]
|- style="text-align:center; height:30px;"
| 80 || Bhairamgarh || [[Bijapur district, Chhattisgarh|Bijapur]]
|- style="text-align:center; height:30px;"
| 81 || Bhopalpatnam || [[Bijapur district, Chhattisgarh|Bijapur]]
|- style="text-align:center; height:30px;"
| 82 || [[Dornapal]] || [[Sukma district|Sukma]]
|- style="text-align:center; height:30px;"
| 83 || Konta || [[Sukma district|Sukma]]
|- style="text-align:center; height:30px;"
| 84 || Kondagaon || [[Kondagaon district|Kondagaon]]
|- style="text-align:center; height:30px;"
| 85 || Farasgaon || [[Kondagaon district|Kondagaon]]
|- style="text-align:center; height:30px;"
| 86 || Keskal || [[Kondagaon district|Kondagaon]]
|- style="text-align:center; height:30px;"
| 87 || [[Narayanpur, Chhattisgarh|Narayanpur]] || [[Narayanpur district|Narayanpur]]
|- style="text-align:center; height:30px;"
| 88 || Bagicha || [[Jashpur district|Jashpur]]
|- style="text-align:center; height:30px;"
| 89 || Kunkuri || [[Jashpur district|Jashpur]]
|- style="text-align:center; height:30px;"
| 90 || Pathalgaon || [[Jashpur district|Jashpur]]
|- style="text-align:center; height:30px;"
| 91 || Kotba || [[Jashpur district|Jashpur]]
|- style="text-align:center; height:30px;"
| 92 || Lodam || [[Jashpur district|Jashpur]]
|- style="text-align:center; height:30px;"
| 93 || [[Lakhanpur, Chhattisgarh|Lakhanpur]] || [[Surguja district|Surguja]]
|- style="text-align:center; height:30px;"
| 94 || Sitapur || [[Surguja district|Surguja]]
|- style="text-align:center; height:30px;"
| 95 || Udaipur || [[Surguja district|Surguja]]
|- style="text-align:center; height:30px;"
| 96 || [[Bishrampur, Chhattisgarh|Bishrampur]] || rowspan ="6"| [[Surajpur district|Surajpur]]
|- style="text-align:center; height:30px;"
| 97 || Pratappur
|- style="text-align:center; height:30px;"
| 98 || Ramanujnagar
|- style="text-align:center; height:30px;"
| 99 || Premnagar
|- style="text-align:center; height:30px;"
| 100 || Bhatgaon
|- style="text-align:center; height:30px;"
| 101 || Jarhi
|- style="text-align:center; height:30px;"
| 102 || [[Kusmi]] || rowspan ="3"| [[Balrampur district, Chhattisgarh|Balrampur]]
|- style="text-align:center; height:30px;"
| 103 || Rajpur
|- style="text-align:center; height:30px;"
| 104 || Ramanujganj
|- style="text-align:center; height:30px;"
| 105 || Wadrafnagar
|- style="text-align:center; height:30px;"
| 106 || Jhaggrakhand || rowspan ="5"| [[Manendragarh-Chirmiri-Bharatpur district|MCB]]
|- style="text-align:center; height:30px;"
| 107 || Khongapani
|- style="text-align:center; height:30px;"
| 108 || Ledri
|- style="text-align:center; height:30px;"
| 109 || Newri
|- style="text-align:center; height:30px;"
| 110 || Nai-Ledri
|- style="text-align:center; height:30px;"
| 111 || Baikunthpur || [[Koriya district|Koriya]]
|- style="text-align:center; height:30px;"
| 112 || Chirmiri || [[Manendragarh-Chirmiri-Bharatpur district|MCB]]
|- style="text-align:center; height:30px;"
| 113 || [[Kelhari]] || [[Manendragarh-Chirmiri-Bharatpur district|MCB]]
|- style="text-align:center; height:30px;"
| 114 || Shivanandanpur || [[Surajpur district|Surajpur]]
|- style="text-align:center; height:30px;"
| 115 || Chandrapur || [[Sakti district|Sakti]]
|- style="text-align:center; height:30px;"
| 116 || Adbhar || [[Sakti district|Sakti]]
|- style="text-align:center; height:30px;"
| 117 || Khamhria || [[Bemetara district|Bemetara]]
|- style="text-align:center; height:30px;"
| 118 || Pipariya || [[Kabirdham district|Kabirdham]]
|- style="text-align:center; height:30px;"
| 119 || Kumhari || [[Durg district|Durg]]
|- style="text-align:center; height:30px;"
| 120 || Aundhi || [[Mohla-Manpur-Ambagarh Chowki district|Mohla-Manpur-AC]]
|- style="text-align:center; height:30px;"
| 121 || [[Bhairamgarh]] || [[Bijapur district, Chhattisgarh|Bijapur]]
|- style="text-align:center; height:30px;"
| 122 || [[Basna]] ||rowspan ="3"| [[Mahasamund district|Mahasamund]]
|- style="text-align:center; height:30px;"
| 123 || [[Saraipali]]
|- style="text-align:center; height:30px;"
| 124 || [[Pithora, Chhattisgarh|Pithora]]
|}

== District-wise summary ==
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! scope="col" rowspan="2" | No.
! scope="col" rowspan="2" | District
! scope="colgroup" colspan="3" | Urban local bodies
! scope="col" rowspan="2" | Total
|-
! scope="col" | Municipal corporations
! scope="col" | Municipal councils
! scope="col" | Nagar panchayats
|-
| 1
| [[Balod district|Balod]]
| 0
| 1
| 4
| '''8'''
|-
| 2
| [[Baloda Bazar district|Baloda Bazar]]
| 0
| 1
| 2
| '''3'''
|-
| 3
|[[Balrampur district, Chhattisgarh|Balrampur]]
| 0
| 4
| 7
| '''11'''
|-
| 4
| [[Bastar district|Bastar]]
| 1
| 3
|1
| '''4'''
|-
| 5
| [[Bemetara district|Bemetara]]
| 0
| 4
| 1
| '''11'''
|-
| 6
| [[Bijapur district, Chhattisgarh|Bijapur]]
| 0
| 3
| 9
| '''15'''
|-
| 7
| [[Bilaspur district, Chhattisgarh|Bilaspur]]
| 1
| 5
| 1
| '''8'''
|-
| 8
| [[Dantewada district|Dantewada]]
| 0
| 2
| 3
| '''8'''
|-
| 9
| [[Dhamtari district|Dhamtari]]
| 1
| 4
| 1
| '''6'''
|-
| 10
| [[Durg district|Durg]]
| 4
| 1
| 5
| '''6'''
|-
| 11
| [[Gariaband district|Gariaband]]
| 0
| 5
| 6
| '''11'''
|-
| 12
| [[Gaurela-Pendra-Marwahi district|Gaurela-Pendra-Marwahi]]
| 0
| 8
| 8
| '''18'''
|-
| 13
| [[Janjgir-Champa district|Janjgir-Champa]]
| 0
| 4
| 2
| '''6'''
|-
| 14
| [[Jashpur district|Jashpur]]
| 0
| 1
| 4
| '''8'''
|-
| 15
| [[Kabirdham district|Kawardha]]
| 0
| 1
| 2
| '''3'''
|-
| 16
| [[Kanker district|Kanker]]
| 0
| 4
| 7
| '''11'''
|-
| 17
| [[Kondagaon district|Kondagaon]]
| 0
| 3
|1
| '''4'''
|-
| 18
| [[Khairagarh-Chhuikhadan-Gandai district|Khairagarh-Chhuikhadan-Gandai]]
| 0
| 4
| 1
| '''11'''
|-
| 19
| [[Korba district|Korba]]
| 1
| 3
| 9
| '''15'''
|-
| 20
| [[Koriya district|Koriya]]
| 0
| 5
| 1
| '''8'''
|-
| 21
| [[Mahasamund district|Mahasamund]]
| 0
| 2
| 3
| '''8'''
|-
| 22
| [[Manendragarh-Chirmiri-Bharatpur district|Manendragarh-Chirmiri-Bharatpur]]
| 1
| 4
| 1
| '''6'''
|-
| 23
| [[Mohla Manpur district|Mohla-Manpur- Ambagarh Chowki]]
| 0
| 1
| 5
| '''6'''
|-
| 24
| [[Mungeli district|Mungeli]]
| 0
| 5
| 6
| '''11'''
|-
| 25
| [[Narayanpur district|Narayanpur]]
| 0
| 8
| 8
| '''18'''
|-
| 26
| [[Raigarh district|Raigarh]]
| 1
| 4
| 2
| '''6'''
|-
| 27
| [[Raipur district|Raipur]]
| 2
| 1
| 5
| '''6'''
|-
| 28
| [[Surguja district|Surguja]]
| 1
| 5
| 6
| '''11'''
|-
| 29
| [[Rajnandgaon district|Rajnandgaon]]
| 1
| 8
| 8
| '''18'''
|-
| 30
| [[Sarangarh-Bilaigarh District|Sarangarh-Bilaigarh]]
| 0
| 4
| 2
| '''6'''
|-
| 31
| [[Sakti district|Sakti]]
| 0
| 1
| 5
| '''6'''
|-
| 32
| [[Sukma district|Sukma]]
| 0
| 5
| 6
| '''11'''
|-
| 33
| [[Surajpur district|Surajpur]]
| 0
| 8
| 8
| '''18'''
|-
| colspan="2"| '''Total'''
| '''14'''
| '''54'''
| '''124'''
| '''192'''
|}

== See also ==

* [[Government of Chhattisgarh]]
* [[Politics of Chhattisgarh]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Chhattisgarh}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Municipalities in Chhattisgarh}}
[[Category:Local government in Chhattisgarh]]
[[Category: Chhattisgarh-related lists]]
[[Category:Municipalities of India|Chhattisgarh]]

Saunkan Saunkanay 2

2026-04-07T03:48:29Z

Wavage786: creating

{{short description|Indian Punjabi comedy-drama film}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2025}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Saunkan Saunkanay 2
| image = Saunkan Saunkaney 2.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[Smeep Kang]]
| writer = [[Amberdeep Singh]]
| producer = [[Ravi Dubey]] Jatin Sethi
| starring = [[Ammy Virk]] [[Sargun Mehta]] [[Nimrat Khaira]] [[Nirmal Rishi]]
| studio = Dreamiyata Entertainment, Naad Sstudios
| country = India
| language = [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]]
| released = {{Film date|2025|05|30|df=y}}
| budget =
| gross =
}}

'''''Saunkan Saunkanay 2''''' is a 2025 Indian [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]]-language [[Comedy drama|comedy-drama]] film directed by [[Smeep Kang]] and written by [[Amberdeep Singh]]. It was released theatrically on 30 May 2025 and it is a sequel to the 2022 film ''[[Saunkan Saunkne]]''. The film features [[Ammy Virk]], [[Sargun Mehta]], [[Nimrat Khaira]], and [[Nirmal Rishi]] reprising their roles. Produced by [[Ravi Dubey]], Jatin Sethi, and others under the banners Dreamiyata Entertainment and Naad Sstudios, the film continues the domestic comedy theme introduced in the original.<ref name=":02">{{Cite web |title=Saunkan Saunkanay 2 Movie Review: A madcap sequel with one man, three wives, and a whole lot of trouble |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/punjabi/movie-reviews/saunkan-saunkanay-2/movie-review/121597504.cms |access-date=2025-07-23 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref>

== Plot summary ==
Nirmal Singh lives with his two wives Naseeb Kaur and Kiranjit Kaur who are also sisters. The rivalry between the two women creates constant tension at home. Hoping to resolve the situation, Nirmal’s mother brings a third woman, Monica Bellucci, into the household. Monica's presence further complicates the family dynamics. As the household adjusts to this unexpected change, misunderstandings and conflicts arise, leading to a series of comedic and chaotic events.

== Cast ==

* [[Ammy Virk]] as Nirmal Singh
* [[Sargun Mehta]] as Naseeb Kaur and Monica Bellucci (double role)
* [[Nimrat Khaira]] as Kiranjit Kaur
* [[Nirmal Rishi]] as Nirmal's mother
* [[Karamjit Anmol]]

== Production ==
The sequel was announced following the commercial performance of ''[[Saunkan Saunkne]]'' (2022).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Saunkan Saunkanay 2: Sargun Mehta's double role promises dual fun - Everything you need to know |url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/saunkan-saunkanay-2-sargun-mehtas-double-role-promises-dual-fun-everything-you-need-to-know/d40875c1fb90 |access-date=2025-07-23 |website=OTTPlay |language=en}}</ref> The film was directed by [[Smeep Kang]], with a screenplay by [[Amberdeep Singh]]. Filming took place in [[Punjab, India]] beginning in June 2024. It was produced with an estimated budget of ₹10 crore.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Madaan |first=Jishika |date=2025-06-24 |title=Saunkan Saunkanay 2 Box Office Collection Day 25: Whopping 78.9% Profits But Ammy Virk Starrer Is Yet To Gain The Hit Tag! |url=https://www.koimoi.com/box-office/saunkan-saunkanay-2-box-office-collection-day-25-whopping-78-9-profits-but-ammy-virk-starrer-is-yet-to-gain-the-hit-tag/ |access-date=2025-07-23 |website=Koimoi |language=en-US}}</ref>

== Reception ==
Archika Khurana of [[The Times of India|Times of India]] rated 3.5/5, stating "Saunkan Saunkanay 2 doesn't reinvent the wheel, but it keeps it spinning with gusto. Packed with energetic performances, lively music, and enough comedic chaos to keep audiences engaged, it succeeds as a feel-good, mass entertainer."<ref name=":02"/>

Sukhpreet Kahlon of [[The Indian Express|Indian Express]] rated 4/5 and wrote "Despite a few pitfalls, comedy expert Smeep Kang crafts an overall crowd pleasing entertainer starring Sargun Mehta, Ammy Virk and Nimrat Khaira."<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-05-30 |title=Saunkan Saunkanay 2 movie review: Ammy Virk faces triple trouble in this laugh-out-loud film |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/saunkan-saunkanay-2-review-ammy-virk-in-triple-trouble-in-this-laugh-out-loud-film-10038813/ |access-date=2025-07-23 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> Mona of [[The Tribune (India)|The Tribune]] rated 2.5/5 and stated "The sequel draws laughs and is entertaining. However, the first outing set the bar rather high, and ‘Saunkan Saunkanay 2’, even though funny, lacks the emotional heft of its wildly entertaining predecessor."<ref name=":12"/>

== Release ==

=== Theatrical ===
The film was released theatrically on 30 May 2025.<ref name=":12">{{Cite web |title=Just for laughs |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/movie-review/just-for-laughs/ |access-date=2025-07-23 |website=The Tribune |language=en}}</ref>

=== Home media ===
The [[Streaming media|digital streaming rights]] of Saunkan Saunkanay 2 were sold to [[ZEE5]]. It is scheduled to premiere on ZEE5 on 25 July 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Saunkan Saunkanay 2 OTT release date: When and where to watch Ammy Virk and dual Sargun Mehta's film |url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/saunkan-saunkanay-2-when-and-where-to-watch-ammy-virk-and-dual-sargun-mehtas-film/3c334b03e7240 |access-date=2025-07-23 |website=OTTPlay |language=en}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|tt34037996}}
* ''[https://www.zee5.com/movies/details/saunkan-saunkanay-2/0-0-1z5787011 Saunkan Saunkanay 2]'' on [[ZEE5]]

[[Category:2025 films]]
[[Category:Indian comedy-drama films]]
[[Category:Punjabi-language Indian films]]
[[Category:2025 comedy-drama films]]
[[Category:Films distributed by AA Films]]
[[Category:2025 Indian films]]
[[Category:2025 Punjabi-language films]]

Raja Rani (Kannada TV series)

2026-04-05T01:16:22Z

Wavage786: Stub

{{Short description|Kannada language TV soap opera}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2015}}
{{Infobox television
| num_seasons = 3
| caption =
| alt_name =
| genre = Dance, Compatibility, Romance
| creator = Prakash Gopalakrishnan
| based_on =
| developer =
| writer =
| director = Prakash Gopalakrishnan
| presenter = {{Plainlist}}
*[[Anupama Gowda]]
{{endplainlist}}
| starring =
| creative_director =
| judges = {{Plainlist}}
* [[Srujan Lokesh]]
* [[Tara (Kannada actress)]]
* [[ Aditi Prabhudeva ]]
{{endplainlist}}
| voices =
| narrated =
| theme_music_composer = Karthik Sharma
| opentheme = Raja Rani ye Raja Rani
| endtheme =
| composer =
| country = India
| language = Kannada
| image_size =
| image = Rajarani Kannadashow.jpg
| producer =
| editor =
| location = [[Bengaluru]]
| cinematography = Arun Bramha
| camera = [[Multiple-camera setup|Multi-camera]]
| runtime = 60-75 minutes
| company = [[Viacom 18]]
| network = [[Colors Kannada]]
| first_aired = {{start date|df=yes|2021|07|10}}
| related = [[Majaa Talkies]] Season 3
| executive_producer =
}}

'''''Raja Rani''''' (ರಾಜ ರಾಣಿ) is a [[Kannada]] couple reality show aired on [[Colors Kannada]] and streamed on [[Voot]]. It features celebrity couples as contestants who are competing for the title Raja Rani. The judges of the show are [[Srujan Lokesh]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Judging couple-based reality show is totally a new experience: Srujan Lokesh on Raja Rani - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/kannada/judging-couple-based-reality-show-is-totally-a-new-experience-srujan-lokesh-on-raja-rani/articleshow/84580562.cms|access-date=2021-08-30|website=The Times of India|date=20 July 2021 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Srujan Lokesh: The pandemic taught me that life is so uncertain that you cannot make long-term plans - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/kannada/srujan-lokesh-the-pandemic-taught-me-that-life-is-so-uncertain-that-you-cannot-make-long-term-plans/articleshow/84462775.cms|access-date=2021-08-30|website=The Times of India|date=17 July 2021 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Raja Rani: Srujan Lokesh and Tara to judge the show - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/kannada/raja-rani-srujan-lokesh-and-tara-to-judge-the-show/articleshow/84163246.cms|access-date=2021-08-30|website=The Times of India|date=6 July 2021 }}</ref> and [[Tara (Kannada actress)|Tara]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=I was very unsure if I could do justice to this reality show: Tara Anuradha on judging Raja Rani - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/kannada/i-was-very-unsure-if-i-could-do-justice-to-this-reality-show-tara-anuradha-on-judging-raja-rani/articleshow/84435894.cms|access-date=2021-08-30|website=The Times of India|date=15 July 2021 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=I am learning about relationships from Raja Rani, says Tara - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/kannada/i-am-learning-about-relationships-from-raja-rani-says-tara/articleshow/84400669.cms|access-date=2021-08-30|website=The Times of India|date=14 July 2021 }}</ref> The show is hosted by [[Anupama Gowda]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Anupama Gowda is back on TV; to host reality show for couples - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/kannada/anupama-gowda-is-back-on-tv-to-host-reality-show-for-couples/articleshow/83951592.cms|access-date=2021-08-30|website=The Times of India|date=30 June 2021 }}</ref> The show premiered on 10 July 2021.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Couple-based reality show 'Raja Rani' to premiere on July 10 - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/kannada/couple-based-reality-show-raja-rani-to-premiere-on-july-10/articleshow/84257475.cms|access-date=2021-08-30|website=The Times of India|date=9 July 2021 }}</ref>

== Production ==
A celebrity couple gameshow like none other, featuring 12 awesome duos competing for the title of Raja Rani! Each week brings unique themed tasks and challenges where the couples will not just have to win the game but also win hearts with their compatibility and entertaining ability. The surviving duo will be crowned Raja Rani. The show is produced by Pixel Pictures Private Limited.

== Contestants ==
A total of 12 celebrity couples, mostly TV actors are part of the show.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; white-space:nowrap; margin:auto; font-size:95%;"
! width="20" |#
! width="120" |Celebrity
! width="140" |Partner
|-
| 1
(Winner)<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-11-22|title=Raja Rani: Winning moments of celebrity couple Neha Gowda-Chandan|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/kannada/raja-rani-winning-moments-of-celebrity-couple-neha-gowda-chandan/photostory/87846662.cms|access-date=2021-11-23|website=The Times of India}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Raja Rani grand finale: Neha Gowda and Chandan crowned as the winners - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/kannada/raja-rani-grand-finale-neha-gowda-and-chandan-crowned-as-the-winners/articleshow/87840313.cms|access-date=2021-11-23|website=The Times of India|date=22 November 2021 }}</ref>
| Neha Gowda<ref>{{Cite web|title=I'm excited to shoot with my husband Chandan who is facing camera for the first time: Neha Gowda on featuring in Raja Rani - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/kannada/im-excited-to-shoot-with-my-husband-chandan-who-is-facing-camera-for-the-first-time-neha-gowda-on-featuring-in-raja-rani/articleshow/84205795.cms|access-date=2021-08-30|website=The Times of India|date=7 July 2021 }}</ref>
| Chandan<ref>{{Cite web|title='ರಾಜ ರಾಣಿ' ರಿಯಾಲಿಟಿ ಶೋನಲ್ಲಿ ನಿವೇದಿತಾ-ಚಂದನ್, ನೇಹಾ-ಚಂದು|url=https://kannada.asianetnews.com/tv-talk/colors-kannada-raja-rani-reality-show-neha-gowda-chandan-shetty-niveditha-gowda-vcs-qus7re|access-date=2021-08-30|website=Asianet News Network Pvt Ltd|language=kn}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Neha Gowda and husband Chandan on a reality game show - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/neha-gowda-and-husband-chandan-on-a-reality-game-show/articleshow/83366092.cms|access-date=2021-08-30|website=The Times of India|date=10 June 2021 }}</ref>
|-
| 2
(Runner Up)
| Ishitha Varsha
| Murugananda
|-
| 3
(Ist Runner Up)
|[[Chandan Shetty]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=After winning BB Kannada 5, I was skeptical to participate in yet another reality show: Chandan Shetty on upcoming project 'Raja Rani' - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/kannada/after-winning-bb-kannada-5-i-was-skeptical-to-participate-in-yet-another-reality-show-chandan-shetty-on-upcoming-project-raja-rani/articleshow/84202576.cms|access-date=2021-08-30|website=The Times of India}}</ref>
| Niveditha Gowda <ref>{{Cite web|title=Chandan Shetty, Niveditha Gowda to feature in Raja Rani reality show - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/kannada/chandan-shetty-niveditha-gowda-to-feature-in-raja-rani-reality-show/articleshow/83684286.cms|access-date=2021-08-30|website=The Times of India}}</ref>
|-
| 4
(2nd Runner Up)
| Harini<ref>{{Cite web|title=I'm not playing any character; viewers will get to see the real me and my husband: Harini Sreekanth on featuring in Raja Rani - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/kannada/im-not-playing-any-character-viewers-will-get-to-see-the-real-me-and-my-husband-harini-sreekanth-on-featuring-in-raja-rani/articleshow/84228767.cms|access-date=2021-08-30|website=The Times of India}}</ref>
| Sreekanth
|-
| 5
(Finalist)
|Roopa<ref>{{Cite web|title=Our son wants us to be the winner; he's encouraging us too: Roopa Prabhakar on participating in Raja Rani with husband Prashanth Seshadri - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/kannada/our-son-wants-us-to-be-the-winner-hes-encouraging-us-too-roopa-prabhakar-on-participating-in-raja-rani-with-husband-prashanth-seshadri/articleshow/84230553.cms|access-date=2021-08-30|website=The Times of India}}</ref>
|Prashanth<ref>{{Cite web|title=Raja Rani: Prashanth brings back wife Roopa's mangalsutra which was kept mortgage due to financial crisis - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/kannada/raja-rani-prashanth-brings-back-wife-roopas-mangalsutra-which-was-kept-mortgage-due-to-financial-crisis/articleshow/85860534.cms|access-date=2021-09-14|website=The Times of India}}</ref>
|-
| 6
(Finalist)
|Pavan
|Suman
|-
| 7
|Sameeer Acharya<ref>{{Cite web|title=Sameer Acharya and wife Shravani to feature on Raja Rani - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/kannada/sameer-acharya-and-wife-shravani-to-feature-on-raja-rani/articleshow/84134293.cms|access-date=2021-08-30|website=The Times of India}}</ref>
|Shravani
|-
| 8
|Sujay Shastry
|Sinchana
|-
| 9
|Ayyappa
|Anu Poovamma
|-
| 10
|Raju Talikote
|Prema & Prema
|-
| 11
|Sowmya
|Praveen
|-
| 12
|Deepika<ref>{{Cite web|title=Celebrity couple Deepika and Akarsh to feature in a reality show 'Raja Rani' - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/kannada/celebrity-couple-deepika-and-akarsh-to-feature-in-a-reality-show-raja-rani/articleshow/83806449.cms|access-date=2021-08-30|website=The Times of India}}</ref>
|Akarsh
|-
|}

== Weekly summary ==
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="width:99%;"
! scope="col" style="background:#9A0700; color:#fff;" |Week No.
! scope="col" style="background:#9A0700; color:#fff;" |Episode No.
! scope="col" style="background:#9A0700; color:#fff;" |Original Air Date
! scope="col" style="background:#9A0700; color:#fff;" |Couple Evicted Rank
! scope="col" style="background:#9A0700; color:#fff;" |Theme
! scope="col" style="background:#9A0700; color:#fff;" |Raja Rani Of The Week
|-
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;" |1 Grand Premiere
| style="text-align:center;" |1 2
|10 July 2021 11 July 2021
| {{n/a}}
|Introduction
| {{n/a}}
|-
| colspan="5" style="text-align:left;" |
* Celebrity couples were introduced with couple performances.
|-
! colspan="6" style="background:#9A0700;" |
|-
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;" |2
| style="text-align:center;" |3 4
|17 July 2021 18 July 2021
| {{n/a}}
|Manasugala Mathu Madhura<ref>{{Cite news|title=Raja Rani: From Niveditha-Chandan Shetty to Sameer Acharya-Sravani, couples to make emotional confessions; watch promo - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/kannada/raja-rani-from-niveditha-chandan-shetty-to-sameer-acharya-sravani-couples-to-make-emotional-confessions-watch-promo/articleshow/84467144.cms|access-date=2021-08-30|website=The Times of India|date=16 July 2021 }}</ref>
|Raju Talikote, Prema & Prema
|-
| colspan="5" style="text-align:left;" |
* The theme did induce some chemistry between the couples.
|-
! colspan="6" style="background:#9A0700;" |
|-
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;" |3
| style="text-align:center;" |5 6
|25 January 2014 26 January 2014
| {{n/a}}
|Romantic Cookery Round<ref>{{Cite news|title=Neha Gowda, Chandan win romantic cooking round on Raja Rani - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/kannada/neha-gowda-chandan-win-romantic-cooking-round-on-raja-rani/articleshow/84817422.cms|access-date=2021-08-30|website=The Times of India|date=28 July 2021 }}</ref>
|Neha Gowda & Chandan
|-
| colspan="5" style="text-align:left;" |
* Couples prepare tasty, finger-licking dishes blended with romance with a pinch of twist.
|-
! colspan="6" style="background:#9A0700;" |
|-
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;" |4
| style="text-align:center;" |7 8
|31 August 2021 1 August 2021
| style="background:#f4c7b8; text-align: center;" |Deepika & Akarsh<ref>{{Cite news|title=Raja Rani: Deepika and Akarsh get evicted from the couple-based reality show - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/kannada/raja-rani-deepika-and-akarsh-get-evicted-from-the-couple-based-reality-show/articleshow/84964827.cms|access-date=2021-08-30|website=The Times of India|date=2 August 2021 }}</ref> '''Rank 12'''
|Romantic Entertainment Round<ref>{{Cite news|title=Raja Rani: Couples to showcase their chemistry in the next round - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/kannada/raja-rani-couples-to-showcase-their-chemistry-in-the-next-round/articleshow/84887511.cms|access-date=2021-08-30|website=The Times of India|date=30 July 2021 }}</ref>
|Raju Talikote, Prema & Prema
|-
| colspan="5" style="text-align:left;" |
* N C Aiyappa and Anu Aiyappa spellbind the judges with their dance.
* Raju gets an unexpected gift from the judges.
|-
! colspan="6" style="background:#9A0700;" |
|-
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;" |5
| style="text-align:center;" |9 10
|14 August 2021 15 August 2021
| style="background:#f4c7b8; text-align: center;" |Sowmya & Praveen '''Rank 11'''
|Roles Reverse Round<ref>{{Cite news|title=Raja Rani: Couples gear up for role reversal - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/kannada/raja-rani-couples-gear-up-for-role-reversal/articleshow/85293492.cms|access-date=2021-08-30|website=The Times of India|date=13 August 2021 }}</ref>
|Ishitavarsha & Murugananda
|-
| colspan="5" style="text-align:left;" |
* Roles are reversed of husband and wife and the contestants perform tasks.
|-
! colspan="6" style="background:#9A0700;" |
|-
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;" |6
| style="text-align:center;" |11 12
|21 August 2021 22 August 2021
| {{n/a}}
|Madhuve Sambramha
| {{n/a}}
|-
| colspan="5" style="text-align:left;" |
* Srujan's wife Greeshma was invited as a guest for the special episode week.
* All contestants cherish their marriage moments.
|-
! colspan="6" style="background:#9A0700;" |
|-
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;" |7
| style="text-align:center;" |13 14
|28 August 2021 29 August 2021
| {{n/a}}
|Madhuve Sambrhama Continued
|Aiyappa & Anu
|-
| colspan="5" style="text-align:left;" |
* [[Gurukiran]] and his wife Pallavi were invited as guests for the special episode<ref>{{Cite news|title=Raja Rani: Ace music director Gurukiran and wife Pallavi to celebrate 25th wedding anniversary on the show - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/kannada/raja-rani-ace-music-director-gurukiran-and-wife-pallavi-to-celebrate-25th-wedding-anniversary-on-the-show/articleshow/85623705.cms|access-date=2021-08-30|website=The Times of India|date=25 August 2021 }}</ref>
* Contestants perform certain tasks related to marriage.
|-
! colspan="6" style="background:#9A0700;" |
|-
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;" |8
| style="text-align:center;" |15 16
17
|4 September 2021 5 September 2021
10 September 2021
| {{n/a}}
|Olavina Udugore Round<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-09-05|title=ಚಂದನ್ ಶೆಟ್ಟಿಯಿಂದ ಮರೆಯಲಾರದ ಗಿಫ್ಟ್; ಮೊದಲ ಬಾರಿಗೆ ಖುಷಿಯಿಂದ ಅತ್ತ ನಿವೇದಿತಾ ಗೌಡ|url=https://tv9kannada.com/entertainment/television/niveditha-gowda-cried-in-raja-rani-show-after-chandan-shetty-new-song-for-her-rmd-265479.html|access-date=2021-09-06|website=TV9 Kannada|language=kn}}</ref>
|Pavan and Suman
|-
| colspan="5" style="text-align:left;" |
* Cinematographer [[Venu (cinematographer)|Venu]], Tara's husband is invited as the guest for this special round.
* Contestants perform certain tasks and surprise their loved ones with special gifts.
|-
! colspan="6" style="background:#9A0700;" |
|-
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;" |9
| style="text-align:center;" |18 19
|11 September 2021 12 September 2021
| {{n/a}}
|Halli Round<ref>{{Cite news|title=Raja Rani host Anupama Gowda replicates Malashree's look from the movie Ramachaari; stuns the audience - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/kannada/raja-rani-host-anupama-gowda-replicates-malashrees-look-from-the-movie-ramachaari-stuns-the-audience/articleshow/86159553.cms|access-date=2021-09-14|website=The Times of India|date=13 September 2021 }}</ref>
|Roopa and Prashanth
|-
| colspan="5" style="text-align:left;" |
* Contestants perform the tasks related to the village lifestyle which was a great treat to watch.
* Tara and Anupama's gossip conversation wins everyone's hearts.
|-
! colspan="6" style="background:#9A0700;" |
|-
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;" |10
| style="text-align:center;" |20 21
|18 September 2021 19 September 2021
| {{n/a}}
|Raja Rani with Maharani<ref>{{Cite news|title=Raja Rani to feature a new theme; Female contestants to welcome their mother-in-laws - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/kannada/raja-rani-to-feature-a-new-theme-female-contestants-to-welcome-their-mother-in-laws/articleshow/86288278.cms|access-date=2021-09-20|website=The Times of India|date=17 September 2021 }}</ref>
|Harini and Sreekanth
|-
| colspan="5" style="text-align:left;" |
* The mothers-in-law of the team of all teams arrive and perform tasks with their son and daughters-in-law.
* Chandan and Sreekanth steals the show.
|-
! colspan="6" style="background:#9A0700;" |
|-
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;" |11
| style="text-align:center;" |22 23
|25 September 2021 26 September 2021
|style="background:#f4c7b8; text-align: center;" |Raju Talikote, Prema & Prema<ref>{{Cite web|title=ವೈಯಕ್ತಿಕ ಕಾರಣದಿಂದ 'ರಾಜಾ ರಾಣಿ' ಶೋನಿಂದ ಹೊರ ನಡೆದ ಸೆಲೆಬ್ರಿಟಿ ಕಪಲ್ಸ್!|url=https://kannada.asianetnews.com/tv-talk/ayappa-anu-raju-thalikote-prema-out-from-colors-kannada-raja-rani-show-vcs-r0i4zo|access-date=2021-10-06|website=Asianet News Network Pvt Ltd|language=kn}}</ref> '''Rank 10 (Walked)'''
|Filmy Romantic Round<ref>{{Cite news|title=Raja Rani: Couples to showcase their chemistry in the next round - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/kannada/raja-rani-couples-to-showcase-their-chemistry-in-the-next-round/articleshow/86447904.cms|access-date=2021-09-30|website=The Times of India|date=23 September 2021 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=ಮಾಲಾಶ್ರೀ ಆಯ್ತು ಈಗ ನಟಿ ಆರತಿ ಲುಕ್‌ನಲ್ಲಿ ಕಾಣಿಸಿಕೊಂಡ ನಿರೂಪಕಿ ಅನುಪಮಾ ಗೌಡ!|url=https://kannada.asianetnews.com/gallery/tv-talk/colors-kannada-raja-rani-anchor-anupama-gowda-in-retro-look-vcs-r0320r|access-date=2021-09-30|website=Asianet News Network Pvt Ltd|language=kn}}</ref>
|Harini and Sreekanth
|-
| colspan="5" style="text-align:left;" |
* [[Diganth]] and [[Aindrita Ray]] are invited as the guests for the special round.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-09-27|title=ದಿಗಂತ್ ಬಾಯಿಂದ ಕೊಟ್ಟ ಹೂವನ್ನು ತುಟಿಯಿಂದಲೇ ಸ್ವೀಕರಿಸಿದ ಐಂದ್ರಿತಾ ರೇ; ಇಲ್ಲಿದೆ ವಿಡಿಯೋ|url=https://tv9kannada.com/entertainment/television/diganth-propose-aindrita-ray-in-raja-rani-show-rmd-275193.html|access-date=2021-09-30|website=TV9 Kannada|language=kn}}</ref>
*Sreekanth and Harini steal the show.
*[[Sonu Gowda]] is invited to support her sister Neha on the show
|-
! colspan="6" style="background:#9A0700;" |
|-
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;" |12
| style="text-align:center;" |24 25
|2 October 2021 3 October 2021
|style="background:#f4c7b8; text-align: center;" |Aiyappa and Anu<ref>{{Cite news|title=Raja Rani: Two celeb couples leave the show due to personal reasons - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/kannada/raja-rani-two-celeb-couples-leave-the-show-due-to-personal-reasons/articleshow/86750200.cms|access-date=2021-10-06|website=The Times of India|date=4 October 2021 }}</ref> '''Rank 09 (Walked)'''
|Home Sweet Home Round
|Chandan Shetty and Niveditha
|-
| colspan="5" style="text-align:left;" |
*Contestants perform tasks related to their daily life.
*Chandan Shetty and Chandan Gowda ace the Chutney making task.
|-
! colspan="6" style="background:#9A0700;" |
|-
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;" |13
| style="text-align:center;" |26 27
|9 October 2021 10 October 2021
| {{n/a}}
|Namma Yejamanarandre Sumne Alla Round<ref>{{Cite web|title=ವೇದಿಕೆ ಮೇಲೆ ವೀಕ್ಷಕರನ್ನು ನಗಿಸಿ, ಅಳಿಸುವ ಏಕೈಕಾ 'ರಾಜಾ ರಾಣಿ' ಜೋಡಿ ಪವನ್ ವೇಣುಗೋಪಾಲ್!|url=https://kannada.asianetnews.com/tv-talk/colors-kannada-raja-rani-pavan-venugopal-suman-wins-audience-heart-vcs-r0t109|access-date=2021-10-18|website=Asianet News Network Pvt Ltd|language=kn}}</ref>
|Sameer Acharaya and Shravani
|-
| colspan="5" style="text-align:left;" |
*Contestants perform tasks related to the strength and capabilities of husband life.
*[[Priyanka Upendra]] graces the show to celebrate the Dasara festival.
|-
! colspan="6" style="background:#9A0700;" |
|-
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;" |14
''(Quarter Finale)''
| style="text-align:center;" |28 29
|23 October 2021 24 October 2021
|style="background:#f4c7b8; text-align: center;" |Sujay Shastri and Sinchana<ref>{{Cite news|title=Raja Rani: Mr. and Mrs. Sujay Shastry get evicted from the show - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/kannada/raja-rani-mr-and-mrs-sujay-shastry-get-evicted-from-the-show/articleshow/87250241.cms|access-date=2021-10-30|website=The Times of India|date=25 October 2021 }}</ref> '''Rank 08'''
|Entertainment Round<ref>{{Cite news|title=Reality show Raja Rani gears up for quarter finale; details inside - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/kannada/reality-show-raja-rani-gears-up-for-quarter-finale-details-inside/articleshow/87202539.cms|access-date=2021-10-30|website=The Times of India|date=22 October 2021 }}</ref>
|Roopa and Prashanth
|-
| colspan="5" style="text-align:left;" |
*Contestants give their best in the entertainment round.
*Sreekanth and Harini & Roopa and Prashanth steals the show.
|-
! colspan="6" style="background:#9A0700;" |
|-
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;" |15
''(Semi Finale)''
| style="text-align:center;" |30 31
|6 November 2021 7 November 2021
|style="background:#f4c7b8; text-align: center;" |Sameer Acharya and Shravani<ref>{{Cite news|title=Raja Rani: Mr. and Mrs. Sameer Acharya get evicted ahead of the finale - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/kannada/raja-rani-mr-and-mrs-sameer-acharya-get-evicted-ahead-of-the-finale/articleshow/87578631.cms|access-date=2021-11-09|website=The Times of India|date=8 November 2021 }}</ref> '''Rank 07'''
|Acting Round<ref>{{Cite news|title=Raja Rani: Contestants to showcase their acting prowess in semi-finale round - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/kannada/raja-rani-contestants-to-showcase-their-acting-prowess-in-semi-finale-round/articleshow/87303374.cms|access-date=2021-11-09|website=The Times of India|date=27 October 2021 }}</ref>
| {{n/a}}
|-
| colspan="5" style="text-align:left;" |
*Contestants steal the show through their acting capabilities in the acting round.
*Sreekanth and Harini, Chandan and Neha, Ishitha and Muruga, Chandan Shetty and Niveditha and Roopa and Prashanth get the ticket to the finale.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-11-16|title=From Chandan Shetty-Niveditha Gowda to Neha Gowda-Chandan Gowda: Meet Raja Rani's super six finalists|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/kannada/from-chandan-shetty-niveditha-gowda-to-neha-gowda-chandan-gowda-meet-raja-ranis-super-six-finalists/photostory/87735841.cms|access-date=2021-11-23|website=The Times of India}}</ref>
|-
! colspan="6" style="background:#9A0700;" |
|-
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;" |16
''(Mahamilana)''
| style="text-align:center;" |32 33
|14 November 2021 15 November 2021
| {{n/a}}
| {{n/a}}
| {{n/a}}
|-
| colspan="5" style="text-align:left;" |
* The show had a crossover with Ede Tumbe Haduvenu.
*Both the show contestants performed in a high octane way.
|-
! colspan="6" style="background:#9A0700;" |
|-
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;" |17
''(Grand Finale)''<ref>{{Cite news|title=Raja Rani set to air its grand finale this weekend - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/kannada/raja-rani-set-to-air-its-grand-finale-this-weekend/articleshow/87732684.cms|access-date=2021-11-23|website=The Times of India|date=16 November 2021 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-11-21|title=Raja Rani Grand Finale: Bringing back mangalsutra from mortgage to finding wife's favourite car, these male contestants did the impossible for their better halves|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/kannada/raja-rani-grand-finale-bringing-back-mangalsutra-from-mortgage-to-finding-wifes-favourite-car-these-male-contestants-did-the-impossible-for-their-better-halves/photostory/87823805.cms|access-date=2021-11-23|website=The Times of India}}</ref>
| style="text-align:center;" |34 35
|20 November 2021 21 November 2021
| {{n/a}}
| {{n/a}}
| {{n/a}}
|-
| colspan="5" style="text-align:left;" |
* [[Doddanna]] and his wife were invited as the guests for the finale episode.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Raja Rani: Veteran actor Doddanna to grace the grand finale - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/kannada/raja-rani-veteran-actor-doddanna-to-grace-the-grand-finale/articleshow/87796146.cms|access-date=2021-11-23|website=The Times of India|date=19 November 2021 }}</ref>
*The new reality show Nanamma Super Star was launched on the finale stage.
|-
! colspan="6" style="background:#9A0700;" |
|}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:2021 Indian television series debuts]]
[[Category:Kannada-language television shows]]
[[Category:Colors Kannada original programming]]
[[Category:Indian television series based on non-Indian television series]]
[[Category:Indian dance television shows]]
[[Category:Indian celebrity reality television series]]

Krishna (1996 Hindi film)

2026-03-29T13:12:01Z

Wavage786:

{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Krishna
| image = Krishna (1996 Hindi film).jpg
| caption =
| director = [[Deepak Shivdasani]]
| producer = Dhirajlal Shah
| writer = [[Santosh Saroj]] (dialogues) [[Tinu Anand]] (story-screenplay)
| narrator =
| starring = [[Sunil Shetty]] [[Karishma Kapoor]] [[Om Puri]] [[Shakti Kapoor]] [[Tinu Anand]]
| music = [[Anu Malik]]
| cinematography = [[Teja (film director)|Teja]] [[Sameer Reddy]]
| editing = V. N. Mayekar
| studio = Time Magnetics
| distributor =
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|1996|08|02}}
| runtime = 164 mins
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| budget = {{INR}}6.25 crore<ref name="auto">{{cite web|url=https://boxofficeindia.com/movie.php?movieid=2773|title=Krishna – Movie|publisher=[[Box Office India]]}}</ref>
| gross = {{INR}}15.61 crore (India Net)<ref name="auto"/>
}}
'''Krishna''' is a 1996 Indian [[action film]] directed by [[Deepak Shivdasani]], starring [[Sunil Shetty]], [[Karishma Kapoor]], [[Om Puri]], [[Shakti Kapoor]], [[Tinnu Anand]] and [[Kulbhushan Kharbanda]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Krishna (1996) Cast – Actor, Actress, Director, Producer, Music Director|url=https://www.cinestaan.com/movies/krishna-7990/cast-crew|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210118140132/https://www.cinestaan.com/movies/krishna-7990/cast-crew|url-status=dead|archive-date=18 January 2021|access-date=2022-02-20|website=Cinestaan}}</ref> The film was a hit at the box office.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://boxofficeindia.com/actor.php?actorid=49|title=Karisma Kapoor Filmography|website=Boxofficeindia.com|access-date=16 November 2021}}</ref> The music of the film was also popular with hit songs such as "Jhanjariya". The film was mostly a remake of [[Deep Cover (1992 film)|Deep Cover]] (1992) starring [[Laurence Fishburne|Lawrence "Larry" Fishburne]] and [[Jeff Goldblum]]. It was also inspired by [[Jeetendra]] and [[Hema Malini]] film [[Meri Aawaz Suno]] (1981) which itself was a remake of a [[Kannada]] film [[Antha (film)|Antha]] (1981). The film also inspired Aditya Dhar to make his two iconic movies [[Dhurandhar]] (2025) and [[ Dhurandhar: The Revenge]] (2026){{cn|date=August 2025}}

== Plot ==
{{Long plot|date=March 2021}}
Krishna ([[Sunil Shetty]]) is a new name in the world of crime, whose exploits attract the attention of Raja ([[Shakti Kapoor]]), an heir to a dead underworld don. Raja is just reduced to remain at the mercy of Bhujang Rao, aka Bhau ([[Mohan Joshi]]), another don. Raja loathes Bhujang and his attitude and extends a hand to Krishna, who accepts the offer. Bhau tries to convince Krishna of a brighter future if he joins Bhau's gang, but Krishna remains with Raja. Meanwhile, Rashmi ([[Karisma Kapoor]]), a club dancer, is lamenting the loss of Sunil, her love. Sunil, who was Krishna's lookalike, was a pilot who died during his training session. Rashmi refuses to believe so, hoping that Sunil will return.

During a gig, Rashmi runs into Krishna and is thrilled to see him. Krishna tells her firmly that he is not Sunil. Only when she sees that a tattoo bearing Rashmi's name, which was supposed to be on Sunil's arm, is missing from Krishna's arm, does she leave, broken-hearted and dejected. Some goons try to rape her and she is saved by Krishna. Krishna reveals that he is indeed Sunil and goes on to tell her the truth. He reveals that his instructor was actually acting as a link for some criminals. He forced Sunil to land at an abandoned place to meet the criminals.

One of the criminals was Cobra ([[Tinnu Anand]]), an infamous name in the underworld. The deal went wrong and Sunil's instructor was killed. Sunil survived and nobody had seen his face. He was wrongfully arrested as a suspect and minister Amar Prabhakar ([[Om Puri]]) bailed him out. Amar told him that if he wants to survive, he has to take down all the people who could pose a possible threat. So, Sunil got booked under another name – Krishna. Meanwhile, Cobra returns to India and it is revealed that both Bhau and Raja are on his payroll. Cobra decides to make Raja the de facto ruler of his operations in India. Raja tells him about Krishna.

Cobra and Krishna meet, where Cobra suspects that he has seen Krishna somewhere earlier. Sunil knows that Cobra may recognise him, but understands that now he has come too far. Later, Raja drops by a brothel, where Sunil is surprised to see his sister perform. His sister is shocked to see him too and commits suicide out of shame. Sunil learns from another dancer that most of the dancers have the same story to share – a man came in their life pretending to be a benefactor, married them, and sold them, while they were raped before ending up here. He realises that the man whom he gave his sister to is responsible for the ruin of many girls' lives.

The dancer also tells him that he keeps a record, mostly videotapes of the people he has sold the girls to, in order to blackmail them. In a fit of rage, Sunil accosts the man, but he dies. Sunil receives another blow when he learns that his mother has died. Amar keeps the truth under wraps and gives Sunil's mother a proper funeral. Sunil also learns that Amar's own daughter has been kidnapped and that Cobra has the tape which may uncover the identity of his sister's rapist. On learning of Cobra's other deal with Bhau and Raja, Sunil decides to end it all. In a bloody aftermath, the criminals are killed.

Sunil finds the tape, whereby he is shocked to discover that his sister was raped by none other than Amar. Here, it is revealed that Amar's daughter was not kidnapped; it was only a ploy to garner public sympathy for the next elections. However, the Commissioner ([[Kulbhushan Kharbanda]]) learns of this fraud and Amar has him captured. The next day, Amar is giving a speech when an enraged Sunil turns up. He makes his way to Amar. The Commissioner, who has somehow succeeded in escaping, manages to save Sunil from being taken down. He pleads to Sunil to let the police take over. Amar tries to run away, taking advantage of the situation, but Sunil removes a Sudarshan Chakra from an idol of Lord Krishna and beheads Amar with it. With Amar dead, Sunil surrenders.

== Cast ==
*[[Suniel Shetty]] as Krishna / Sunil
*[[Karishma Kapoor]] as Rashmi
*[[Om Puri]] as Amar Prabhakar
*[[Shakti Kapoor]] as Raja
*[[Mohan Joshi]] as Bhujang Rao / aka Bhau
*[[Tinu Anand]] as Cobra
*[[Kulbhushan Kharbanda]] as DCP Khanna
*[[Rohini Hattangadi]] as Sunil's mother
*[[Eva Grover]] as Sudha, Sunil's sister
*Vinay Sapru as Karan, Sudha's Fraud husband.
*[[Lalit Tiwari]] as Sunil's Instructor
*[[Deep Dhillon]] as Ranga, Sharpshooter
*[[Ishrat Ali]] as Police Inspector Khote
*[[Virendra Saxena]] as Police Inspector Inamdar
*[[Mushtaq Khan]] as Popat / Phukat
*[[Shiva Rindani]] as Safed Ghoda / Pandu
*Amit Singh as Don Vishwa
*[[Vipin Sharma]] as Panditji

== Soundtrack ==
All songs composed by [[Anu Malik]], with lyrics by [[Nida Fazli]], [[Anwar Sagar]], [[Anand Raaj Anand]], and Madan Pal. "Jhanjariya" song was re-adapted from Anand Raaj Anand's "Babu Tips Music" album.
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size:95%;"
! # !! Title !! Singer(s)
|-
| 1.
| "Jhanjharia" (Male)
| [[Abhijeet Bhattacharya|Abhijeet]]
|-
| 2.
| "Koi Kaise Mohabbat"
| [[Kumar Sanu]], [[Sadhana Sargam]]
|-
| 3.
| "Main Kya Thi Kya Se Kya Ho Gayi"
| Bela Sulakhe
|-
| 4.
| "Masti Masti"
| [[Anu Malik]], [[Poornima (singer)|Poornima]]
|-
| 5.
| "Darwaje Pe Tere Baarat"
| Abhijeet
|-
| 6.
| "Main is Kadar Mere Mehboob"
| [[Vinod Rathod]], [[Alka Yagnik]]
|-
| 7.
| "Jhanjharia" (Female)
| [[Alka Yagnik]]
|-
| 8.
| "Darwaze Pe Tere" (Sad)
| Abhijeet
|}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|0135515|Krishna}}
{{Deepak Shivdasani}}

[[Category:1996 Hindi-language films]]
[[Category:1996 films]]
[[Category:Films scored by Anu Malik]]
[[Category:Indian action thriller films]]
[[Category:1996 action films]]
[[Category:Films directed by Deepak Shivdasani]]
[[Category:Indian remakes of American films]]

Ethnoreligious group

2026-03-28T11:10:42Z

Wavage786: fixed intro and corrected details

{{Short description|Ethnic group also unified by a common religion}}
{{About|groups that share both an ethnic and a religious background|religions that are closely tied to a particular ethnic group|Ethnic religion}}

An '''ethnoreligious group''' (or an '''ethno-religious group''') is a group of people with a common [[religion|religious]] and [[ethnicity|ethnic]] background<ref name="TarasGanguly2015">{{cite book |first1=Raymond |last1=Taras |first2=Rajat |last2=Ganguly |title=Understanding Ethnic Conflict |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=O9FRCgAAQBAJ&pg=PT31 |date=7 August 2015 |publisher=[[Taylor & Francis]] |isbn=978-1-317-34282-3 |pages=31–}}</ref> or, in some cases, a religious background exclusively.<ref name="Yang and Ebaugh" /><ref name="Hammond and Warner" /> It can also be considered a sub-category of ethnicity, where members have a common religion, which they [[Collective consciousness|collectively believe to have.]]<ref name="Yang and Ebaugh" /><ref name="Hammond and Warner" />

In a narrower sense, they refer to groups whose religious and ethnic [[tradition]]s are historically linked.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Valerio-Jimenez |first1=Omar |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dugqDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT319 |title=Latina/o Midwest Reader |last2=Vaquera-Vasquez |first2=Santiago |date=30 June 2017 |publisher=[[University of Illinois Press]] |isbn=978-0-252-09980-9 |pages=319 |language=en}}</ref>

==Characteristics==
The elements that are defined as characteristics of an ethnoreligious group are "[[social character]], historical experience, and theological beliefs".<ref>{{cite book |last1=Greer |first1=Joanne Marie |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YcTWZ52krLsC&pg=PA45 |title=Research in the Social Scientific Study of Religion |last2=Moberg |first2=David O. |last3=Lynn |first3=Monty L. |date=1 April 2001 |publisher=[[Brll Publishers|BRILL]] |isbn=978-1-55938-893-1 |pages=45 |language=en |quote=Historically, each ethnoreligious group had its own social character, historical experience and theological beliefs. (Robert P. Swierenga 1990, p. 149)}}</ref>

A closing of the community takes place through a strict [[endogamy]], which is specifically for the community and that distinguishes an ethno-religious community, that is, as distinct from any other group.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Asatrian |first1=Garnik S. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=y1RsBAAAQBAJ&pg=PT10 |title=The Religion of the Peacock Angel: The Yezidis and Their Spirit World |last2=Arakelova |first2=Victoria |date=3 September 2014 |publisher=[[Routledge]] |isbn=978-1-317-54428-9 |language=en}}</ref>

==Defining an ethnoreligious group==
In general, ethnoreligious communities define their ethnic identity by their religious affiliation or a combination of religious affiliation and other factors, such as language, territorial origin etc. Sometimes, ethnoreligious communities can be defined as ethnic groups with close associations with a religion that can be practiced by other ethnicities, such as Irish Catholics and Swedish Lutherans.<ref name="Yang and Ebaugh">Yang and Ebaugh, p.369: "Andrew Greeley (1971) identified three types of relationships in the United States: some religious people who do not hold an ethnic identity; some people who have an ethnic identity but are not religious; and cases in which religion and ethnicity are intertwined. Phillip Hammond and Kee Warner (1993), following Harold J. Abramson (1973), further explicated the "intertwining relationships" into a typology. First is "ethnic fusion", where religion is the foundation of ethnicity, or, ethnicity equals religion, such as in the case of the Amish and Jews. The second pattern is that of "ethnic religion", where religion is one of several foundations of ethnicity. The Greek or Russian Orthodox and the Dutch Reformed are examples of this type. In this pattern, ethnic identification can be claimed without claiming the religious identification but the reverse is rare. The third form, "religious ethnicity", occurs where an ethnic group is linked to a religious tradition that is shared by other ethnic groups. The Irish, Italian, and Polish Catholics are such cases. In this pattern, religious identification can be claimed without claiming ethnic identification. Hammond and Warner also suggest that the relationship of religion and ethnicity is strongest in "ethnic fusion" and least strong in "religious ethnicity". Recently, some scholars have argued that even Jews' religion and culture (ethnicity) can be distinguished from each other and are separable (Chervyakov, Gitelman, and Shapiro 1997; Gans 1994)."</ref><ref name="Hammond and Warner">Hammond and Warner, p.59: "1. Religion is the major foundation of ethnicity, examples include the Amish, Hutterites, Jews, and Mormons. Ethnicity in this pattern, so to speak, equals religion, and if the religious identity is denied, so is the ethnic identity. [Footnote: In actuality, of course, there can be exceptions, as the labels "[[Jack Mormon]]", "banned Amish", or "[[cultural Jew]]" suggest.] Let us call this pattern "ethnic fusion". 
2. Religion may be one of several foundations of ethnicity, the others commonly being language and territorial origin; examples are the Greek or Russian Orthodox and the Dutch Reformed. Ethnicity in this pattern extends beyond religion in the sense that ethnic identification can be claimed without claiming the religious identification, but the reverse is rare. Let us call this pattern "ethnic religion". 
3. An ethnic group may be linked to a religious tradition, but other ethnic groups will be linked to it, too. Examples include Irish, Italian, and Polish Catholics; Danish, Norwegian, and Swedish Lutherans. Religion in this pattern extends beyond ethnicity, reversing the previous pattern, and religious identification can be claimed without claiming the ethnic identification. Let us call this pattern "religious ethnicity""</ref>

Some ethnoreligious groups' identities are reinforced by the experience of living within a larger community as a distinct [[minority group|minority]]. Ethnoreligious groups can be tied to [[ethnic nationalism]] if the ethnoreligious group possesses a historical base in a specific region.<ref>{{cite web |first1=Andreas |last1=Wimmer |title=Democracy and ethno-religious conflict in Iraq |url=https://www.econstor.eu/bitstream/10419/84714/1/zef_dp72.pdf |website=econstor.eu |archive-url= |archive-date=}}</ref> In many ethnoreligious groups emphasis is placed upon religious endogamy, and the concurrent discouragement of interfaith marriages or intercourse, as a means of preserving the stability and historical longevity of the community and culture.

===Jews===
{{Main|Who is a Jew?|Jewish identity|}}

Prior to the [[Babylonian exile]] in the late 7th century BC and early 6th century BC, the [[Israelites]] had already emerged as an ethnoreligious group, probably before the time of [[Hosea]] in 8th century BC.<ref name="Sparks">{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KztVonFGqcsC&q=ethno+religious+israelites&pg=PA146 |title=Ethnicity and Identity in Ancient Israel: Prolegomena to the Study of Ethnic Sentiments and Their Expression in the Hebrew Bible |author=Kenton L. Sparks |publisher=Eisenbrauns |year=1998 |pages=146–148 |isbn=9781575060330}}</ref> The ethno-religious character of the Jewish people in antiquity has been expounded upon by scholars such as [[Salo Wittmayer Baron|Salo W. Baron]], who spoke of "the ethnoreligious unity of [the Israelite] people",<ref>{{Cite book |last=Baron |first=Salo W. |title=Social and Religious History of the Jews |year=1937 |volume=1 |pages=338}}</ref> This was expounded upon in 2001 by [[Shaye J. D. Cohen]], when describing [[Jewish identity]] during the late [[Second Temple period]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Cohen |first=Shaye J. D. |title=The Beginnings of Jewishness |publisher=University of California Press |year=2001 |isbn=978-0520226937 |pages=137 |chapter=From Ethnos to Ethno-religion}}</ref><ref>{{Citation |title=Theoretical Considerations: Nationalism and Ethnicity in Antiquity |date=2006 |work=Elements of Ancient Jewish Nationalism |pages=13 |editor-last=Goodblatt |editor-first=David |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/elements-of-ancient-jewish-nationalism/theoretical-considerations-nationalism-and-ethnicity-in-antiquity/CB4441D91310FB3557F79891F6AE8564 |access-date=2024-06-14 |place=Cambridge |publisher=Cambridge University Press |doi=10.1017/cbo9780511499067.002 |isbn=978-0-521-86202-8|url-access=subscription }}</ref>

Since the 19th century, [[Reform Judaism]] has differed from [[Orthodox Judaism]] on matters of theology and practice; however, toward the end of the 20th century and into the 21st century, the Reform movement has reoriented itself back toward certain traditions and practices it had previously relinquished (for example, wearing the [[tallit]] and/or the [[kippah]]; the use of Hebrew in the liturgy).<ref>{{cite web |title=History of the Reform Movement |url=https://www.myjewishlearning.com/article/reform-judaism/ |website=My Jewish Learning |publisher=70/Faces |access-date=2 July 2021}}</ref>

In the United States, the increasing rate of mixed marriages has led to attempts to facilitate conversion of the spouse, although conversion to facilitate marriage is strongly discouraged by traditional Jewish law.<ref>{{cite web |title=Conversion and Marriage |url=https://www.chabad.org/theJewishWoman/article_cdo/aid/387726/jewish/Conversion-and-Marriage.htm |website=chabad.org |language=en}}</ref> If a non-Jewish woman marrying a Jewish man does not convert, then although traditional interpretations of Jewish law recognize only descent along the maternal line, [[Reform Judaism#Jewish identity|Reform Judaism will recognize]] a child born of the marriage as Jewish based on patrilineal descent if that child has "established through appropriate and timely public and formal acts of identification with the Jewish faith and people" that the child self-identifies as Jewish.<ref>{{cite web |title=How does Reform Judaism define who is a Jew? |url=https://reformjudaism.org/practice/ask-rabbi/how-does-reform-judaism-define-who-jew |website=ReformJudaism.org |language=en |date=6 June 2013}}</ref> In actual practice, most Reform Jews affirm patrilineal descent as a valid means of Jewish identification, particularly if the individual was "raised Jewish".<ref>{{cite web |last1=Kaplan |first1=Dana Evan |title=Who Is a Jew: Patrilineal Descent |url=https://www.myjewishlearning.com/article/patrilineal-descent/ |website=My Jewish Learning |publisher=70/Faces |access-date=2 July 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Fischman |first1=Sylvia Barack |title=Fathers of the Faith? Three Decades of Patrilineal Descent in American Reform Judaism |url=http://jppi.org.il/uploads/Fathers%20of%20the%20Faith-%20Three%20Decades%20of%20Patrilineal%20Descent%20in%20American%20Reform%20Judaism.pdf |website=JPPI |access-date=2 July 2021}}</ref>

Israeli national identity is linked with Jewish identity as a result of [[Zionism]].<ref name="Waxman">{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oUHIAAAAQBAJ&q=ethno+religious+jews&pg=PA115 |title=The Pursuit of Peace and the Crisis of Israeli Identity: Defending/Defining the Nation |author=Waxman, Dov |publisher=Springer |year=2006 |page=115 |isbn=9781403983473}}</ref> In Israel, Jewish religious courts have authority over personal status matters, which has led to friction with secular Jews who sometimes find they must leave the country in order to marry or divorce, particularly in relation to the inherited status of [[mamzer]], the marriage of males from the priestly line, persons not recognized as Jewish by the rabbinate, and in cases of [[agunah|agunot]]. The Israeli rabbinate only recognizes certain approved Orthodox rabbis as legitimate, which has led to friction with Diaspora Jews who for centuries never had an overarching authority.

===Anabaptists===
{{Main|Ethnic Mennonite|Amish|Hutterites}}

Other classical examples for ethnoreligious groups are traditional [[Anabaptism|Anabaptist]] groups like the [[Amish|Old Order Amish]], the [[Hutterites]], the [[Old Order Mennonite]]s and traditional groups of [[Plautdietsch]]-speaking [[Russian Mennonites]], like the [[Old Colony Mennonites]]. All these groups have a shared cultural background, a shared dialect as their everyday language ([[Pennsylvania German language|Pennsylvania German]], [[Hutterite German|Hutterisch]], [[Plautdietsch]]), a shared version of their Anabaptist faith, a shared history of several hundred years and they have accepted very few outsiders into their communities in the last 250 years. They may also share common [[Mennonite cuisine|foods]], dress, and other customs. Modern proselytizing Mennonite groups, such as the [[Evangelical Mennonite Conference]] whose members have lost their shared ancestry, their common ethnic language Plautdietsch, their traditional dress, and other typical ethnic traditions, are no longer seen as an ethnoreligious group, although members within these groups may still identify with the term ''Mennonite'' as an ethnic identifier.<ref>John H. Redekop: ''A People Apart: Ethnicity and the Mennonite Brethren'', 1987.</ref><ref>Royden Loewen: ''The Poetics of Peoplehood: Ethnicity and Religion among Canada's Mennonites'' in Paul Bramadat, David Seljak: Christianity and Ethnicity in Canada, 2008.</ref>

===Examples===
The concepts of ''ethnoreligious fusion'' and ''ethnic religion'' have been applied by reliable sources to the following groups:
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Ethnoreligious fusion
! Ethnic religion
|-
|
* [[Alawites]]<ref name="Thomas 2006">[[#Thomas|Thomas 2006]]</ref>
* [[Amish]]<ref name="Harrison">{{cite book |first=Simon |last=Harrison |title=Fracturing Resemblances: Identity and Mimetic Conflict in Melanesia and the West |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=B9-LF_Of_E8C&pg=PA121 |year=2006 |publisher=[[Berghahn Books]] |isbn=978-1-57181-680-1 |pages=121–}}</ref>
* [[Cossacks]]<ref>{{cite book |last1=Kollmann |first1=Nancy Shields |title=The Russian Empire 1450-1801 |date=2017 |location=Oxford, United Kingdom |isbn=978-0199280513 |pages=58 |publisher=Oxford University Press |edition=First}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|last1= O'Rourke|first1= Shane |chapter= Cossacks|date= 2011|encyclopedia= The Encyclopedia of War|publisher= American Cancer Society|language= en|doi= 10.1002/9781444338232.wbeow143|isbn= 978-1-4443-3823-2}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Magocsi|first=Paul Robert|title=A History of Ukraine|year=1996|pages=179–181|author-link=Paul Robert Magocsi}}</ref>
* [[Doukhobors]]<ref>{{cite book |last1=Herbert |first1=C. Northcott |last2=Brigham |first2=Young Card |title=The Mormon Presence in Canada |year=1990 |publisher=[[University of Alberta Press]] |location=Alberta |isbn=9780888642127 |pages=331}}</ref>
* [[Druze]]<ref name="Harrison"/>
* [[Hutterite]]s<ref>{{cite book |title=The Hutterites in North America |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lgUbHUXmrvYC |publisher=[[Johns Hopkins University Press]] |date=1 September 2010 |isbn=9780801899256 |language=en |first1=Rod |last1=Janzen |first2=Max |last2=Stanton}}</ref>
* [[Jews]]<ref name="jews-both-ethnic-and-religion"/><ref name="Jones"/><ref name="Edgar Litt 1961 328–332"/>
* [[Kalash people|Kalash]]<ref>{{cite book |author=Michael Witzel |chapter=Kalash Religion – An extract from: The Ṛgvedic Religious System and its Central Asian and Hindukush Antecedents |editor1=A. Griffiths |editor2=J.E.M. Houben |title=The Vedas: Texts, Language and Ritual |location=Groningen |publisher=Forsten |date=2004 |pages=581–636 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220413160441/https://www.people.fas.harvard.edu/~witzel/KalashaReligion.pdf |archive-date=2022-04-13 |chapter-url=https://www.people.fas.harvard.edu/~witzel/KalashaReligion.pdf}}</ref>
* [[Mandaeans]]
* [[Maronites]]<ref>{{cite book |title=Music and Minorities from Around the World: Research, Documentation and Interdisciplinary Study |first=Adelaida |last=Reyes |year=2014 |isbn=9781443870948 |page=45 |publisher=Cambridge Scholars Publishing |quote=The Maronites are an ethnoreligious group in the Levant.}}</ref>
* [[Ethnic Mennonite|Mennonite]]s<ref>{{cite book |title=Manufacturing Mennonites: Work and Religion in Post-War Manitoba |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bYWBAAAAQBAJ |publisher=[[University of Toronto Press]] |date=17 June 2013 |isbn=9781442660595 |language=en |first=Janis Lee |last=Thiessen}}</ref>
* [[Molokans]]<ref>{{cite book |title=Russian Refuge: Religion, Migration, and Settlement on the North American Pacific Rim |first=Susan |last=Wiley Hardwick |year=1993 |isbn=9780226316116 |page=178 |publisher=[[University of Chicago Press]]}}</ref>
* [[Mormons]]<ref>{{cite book |title=Seeking the Promised Land. Part I - Mormons as an Ethno-Religious Group |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |year=2014 |doi=10.1017/CBO9781139227247 |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/seeking-the-promised-land/C34567402A987719AA98E8606B3AF180 |access-date=24 January 2016 |last1=Campbell |first1=David E. |last2=Green |first2=John C. |last3=Monson |first3=J. Quin |isbn=9781107027978}}</ref><ref name="Hammond and Warner"/>
* [[Parsi]]s<ref>{{cite book |author1=Paul R. Ehrlich |author2=Anne H. Ehrlich |title=The Dominant Animal: Human Evolution and the Environment |url=https://archive.org/details/dominantanimalhu00ehrl |url-access=registration |date=30 June 2008 |publisher=Island Press |isbn=978-1-59726-096-1 |page=[https://archive.org/details/dominantanimalhu00ehrl/page/315 315]}}</ref>
* [[Saint Thomas Christians]]{{sfnp|Perczel|2013|p=416}}
* [[Samaritans]]<ref>[[#Ireton|Ireton 2003]]</ref>
* [[Serer people|Serers]]<ref>{{cite journal | last1=Villalón | first1=Leonardo A. | title=Charisma and Ethnicity in Political Context: A Case Study in the Establishment of a Senegalese Religious Clientele | journal=Africa: Journal of the International African Institute | date=1993 | volume=63 | issue=1 | pages=80–101 | doi=10.2307/1161299 | jstor=1161299 | url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/1161299 | url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref>Villalón, Leonardo A., ''Islamic Society and State Power in Senegal: Disciples and Citizens in Fatick,'' p. 62, [[Cambridge University Press]] (2006), {{ISBN|9780521032322}}</ref>
* [[Sikhs]]<ref name="Anti-Discrimination (Amendment Act 1994 Second Reading">{{cite web |url=http://www.parliament.nsw.gov.au/prod/PARLMENT/hansArt.nsf/V3Key/LA19940512044 |title=Anti-Discrimination (Amendment) Bill: Second Reading |date=2007-05-12 |publisher=Parliament of New South Wales |access-date=14 February 2010 |archive-date=2011-04-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110404192548/http://www.parliament.nsw.gov.au/prod/PARLMENT/hansArt.nsf/V3Key/LA19940512044 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="Sedition">{{cite book |url=http://www.parliament.nsw.gov.au/prod/parlment/publications.nsf/0/57ba30f38d3c969cca25710f0023442f/$FILE/Sedition%20FINAL.pdf |title=Sedition, Incitement and Vilification: Issues in the Current Debate |author=Gareth Griffith |date=February 2006 |publisher=NSW Parliamentary Library Research Service |isbn=0-7313-1792-0 |page=52 |access-date=14 February 2010 |archive-date=11 May 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190511160350/https://www.parliament.nsw.gov.au/prod/parlment/publications.nsf/0/57ba30f38d3c969cca25710f0023442f/$FILE/Sedition%20FINAL.pdf |url-status=dead}}</ref>
* [[Yazidis]]<ref name="iranica">{{cite encyclopedia |title=Yazidis i: General |encyclopedia=[[Encyclopædia Iranica]] |url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/yazidis-i-general-1 |access-date=20 August 2010 |last=Allison |first=Christine |date=20 February 2004}}</ref><ref name="Arakelova2">{{cite journal |last=Arakelova |first=Victoria |title=Ethno-Religious Communities Identity markers |url=https://www.academia.edu/3764877 |language=en |publisher=[[Yerevan State University]] |journal=Iran and the Caucasus |volume=14 |date=2010 |pages=1–18|doi=10.1163/157338410X12743419189180 }}</ref>
|
* [[Armenian Apostolic Church]]
* [[Assyrian Church of the East]]
* [[Balinese Hinduism]]
* [[Chaldean Catholic Church]]
* [[Church of Greece]]
* [[Coptic Catholic Church]]
* [[Coptic Orthodox Church]]
* [[Evangelical_Church_of_Egypt_(Synod_of_the_Nile)|Coptic Evangelical Church]]
* [[Druze|Druzism]]
* [[Dutch Reformed Church]]
* [[Eritrean Orthodox Tewahedo Church]]
* [[Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church]]
* [[Judaism]]
* [[Kalash_people#Religion|Kalash religion]]
* [[Mandaeism]]
* [[Maronite Church]]
* [[Russian Orthodoxy|Russian Orthodox Church]]
* [[Samaritanism]]
* [[Serer religion]] (A ƭat Roog)
* [[Sikhism]]
* [[Shintoism]]
* [[Tengriism]]
* [[Tibetan Buddhism]]
* [[Tigrayan Orthodox Tewahedo Church]]
* [[Ukrainian Orthodox Church – Kyiv Patriarchate]]
* [[Ukrainian Orthodox Church (Moscow Patriarchate)]]
|}

In a broader sense, the concept of a ''religious ethnicity'' has been applied to communities—particularly [[minority group|minorities]] living in religious borderlands, belonging to distinctive [[religions]] or [[sects]], and maintaining [[In-group and out-group|in-group]] boundaries—where religious and ethnic identities have historically reinforced one another through [[endogamy]], sociopolitical and cultural separation, and clear religious distinction from neighboring groups. The following is a selective, non-exhaustive list of religious ethnicities, meeting several of the aforementioned criteria:
[[Armenians]],<ref name="Thomas 2006"/><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Dekmejian |first1=R. Hrair |author1-link=Richard Dekmejian |title=Reviewed Work: Revolution and Genocide: On the Origins of the Armenian Genocide and the Holocaust by Robert F. Melson |journal=[[The International History Review]] |date=1994 |volume=16 |issue=2 |pages=377 |quote=...both victimized groups [Armenians & Jews] were ethno-religious minorities... |jstor=40107201}}</ref> [[Assyrians]],<ref>For Assyrians as a Christian people, see:
*[http://www.zindamagazine.com/html/archives/2000/zn112700.htm#TheLighthouse Joel J. Elias, The Genetics of Modern Assyrians and their Relationship to Other People of the Middle East]
*Steven L. Danver, Native Peoples of the World: An Encyclopedia of Groups, Cultures and Contemporary Issues, p. 517
</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Indigenous Peoples: An Encyclopedia of Culture, History, and Threats to Survival [4 volumes] |first=Victoria |last=R. Williams |year=2020 |isbn=9781440861185 |page=110 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |quote=The Assyrians are a Middle Eastern ethnoreligious group also known as the Syriacs, Chaldeans, or Arameans.}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Revival and Awakening: American Evangelical Missionaries in Iran and the Origins of Assyrian Nationalism |first=Adam |last=H. Becker |year=2015 |isbn=9780226145310 |page=8 |publisher=[[University of Chicago Press]] |quote=}}</ref> [[Baharna]], [[Balinese people|Balinese]],<ref>{{Citation |last1=Hauser-Schäublin |first1=Brigitta |title=Introduction: Negotiating Religious Identities within Majority-Minority Relationships in Bali and Lombok |date=2014-01-01 |work=Between Harmony and Discrimination: Negotiating Religious Identities within Majority-Minority Relationships in Bali and Lombok |pages=1–32 |url=https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004271494_002 |access-date=2025-07-25 |publisher=BRILL |isbn=978-90-04-27125-8 |last2=Harnish |first2=David D. |doi=10.1163/9789004271494_002 |url-access=subscription }}</ref> [[Bosniaks]],<ref name="Martin 1997" /> [[Rusyns|Carpatho-Rusyns]], [[Copts]],<ref name="Catlos">{{cite journal |last=Catlos |first=Brian |title=Accursed, Superior Men: Ethno-Religious Minorities and Politics in the Medieval Mediterranean |journal=Comparative Studies in Society and History |year=2014 |volume=56 |issue=4 |pages=844–869 |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/comparative-studies-in-society-and-history/article/abs/accursed-superior-men-ethnoreligious-minorities-and-politics-in-the-medieval-mediterranean/EB9A103390FE521CB065862F5918BA07 |language=en |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |doi=10.1017/S0010417514000425 |s2cid=145603557|url-access=subscription }}</ref> [[Croats]],<ref name="Martin 1997">{{cite book |last=Marty |first=Martin E. |title=Religion, Ethnicity, and Self-Identity: Nations in Turmoil |year=1997 |publisher=University Press of New England |quote=[...] the three ethnoreligious groups that have played the roles of the protagonists in the bloody tragedy that has unfolded in the former Yugoslavia: the Christian Orthodox Serbs, the Roman Catholic Croats, and the Muslim Slavs of Bosnia. |isbn=0-87451-815-6 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/religionethnicit00mart}}</ref> [[Gorani people|Gorani]],<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/232789912 |title=The development of identities among the Muslim population in the Balkans in an era of globalization and Europeanization: Cases of Torbeshi, Gorani and Pomaci |last=Zemon |first=Rubin}}</ref> [[Greeks]],<ref name="Yang and Ebaugh"/><ref name="Hammond and Warner"/> [[Hui people|Hui]]-[[Dungan people|Dungans]],{{sfn|Gladney|1996|p=20}}<ref>{{cite news |title=Kyrgyzstan Eats: A Dungan Feast in Naryn|author=David Trilling|newspaper=EURASIANET.org|date=20 April 2010|url=http://www.eurasianet.org/node/60892}}</ref><ref name="unpo_UNPO">{{Cite web
| title = UNPO: East Turkestan: Strict Control of China's Uighur Muslims Continues
| publisher = Unrepresented Nations & Peoples Organization
| date = 16 August 2006
| access-date = 12 March 2020
| url = https://unpo.org/article/5154
| quote = However, the authorities' control over Dungan mosques is less strict than over mosques used by Uighurs, a Turkic people mainly found in Xinjiang but also in Central Asian states. (The Dungans are a Chinese Muslim people also found in Central Asian states.) }}</ref> [[Iraqi Sunni Arabs]], [[Irish Catholics]],<ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1111/nana.12005 |volume=19 |issue=2 |title=Catholic, Irish and Nationalist: evaluating the importance of ethno-national and ethno-religious variables in determining nationalist political allegiance in Northern Ireland |journal=Nations and Nationalism |pages=357–375 |year=2013 |last1=Evans |first1=Jocelyn |last2=Tonge |first2=Jonathan}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Seeking the Promised Land: Mormons and American Politics |first=J. Quin |last=Monson |year=2014 |isbn=9781107027978 |page=39 |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |quote=}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Visible Differences: Why Race Will Matter to Americans in the Twenty-First Century |first=Dominic |last=J. Pulera |year=2002 |isbn=9781441170897 |page=49 |publisher=[[Bloomsbury Publishing]] USA |quote=}}</ref> [[Lebanese Shia Muslims]], [[Mahar]],<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Y9DmV9-0on0C&q=Maratha+ethno+religious+group |title=The Challenge in South Asia: Development, Democracy and Regional Cooperation |page=278 |editor1-first=Ponna |editor1-last=Wignaraja |editor2-first=Akmal |editor2-last=Hussain |publisher=[[United Nations University Press]] |year=1989 |isbn=9780803996038}}</ref> [[Demographics_of_Malaysia#Malays|Malays in Malaysia]],{{efn|Only Malays in the federal state of Malaysia are legally defined as Muslims. The broader Malay ethnicity present in other states such as Thailand and Singapore are not legally defined as such. For the legalistic definition of Malays in Malaysia, see [[Article 160 of the Constitution of Malaysia]]}} [[Moro people|Moro Filipinos]], [[Antiochian Greek Christians|Orthodox Antiochian Levantines]],<ref>{{cite book |title=Diasporas of the Modern Middle East: Contextualising Community |first=Anthony |last=Gorman |year=2015 |isbn=9780748686131 |page=32 |publisher=[[Edinburgh University Press]] |quote=}}</ref> [[Pomaks]], [[Serbs]],<ref name="Martin 1997"/> [[Setos]],<ref>Ladykowski, P., ''Estonian Cottage. Setu – ethno-religious borderland group.'', Warsaw University Press</ref> [[Tibetans]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://freetibet.org/freedom-for-tibet/culture-religion/|title=Culture and religion|website=Free Tibet}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Tibet|title=Tibet | History, Map, Capital, Population, Language, & Facts |date=July 8, 2023|website=Britannica }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last= Conze |first= Edward |author-link= Edward Conze |title= A Short History of Buddhism |year=1993 |publisher=Oneworld |isbn=1-85168-066-7 }}</ref> [[Torbeši|Torbeši Macedonians]], [[Ulster Protestants]],<ref>{{cite book |last1=Hunt |first1=Stephen |title=Contemporary Christianity and LGBT Sexualities |chapter=Chapter 7: Christians and Gays in Northern Ireland |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nCopDAAAQBAJ&q=ulster+protestants+%22ethnoreligious%22&pg=PT147 |access-date=15 May 2017 |isbn=9781317160922 |date=13 May 2016|publisher=Routledge }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Byrne |first1=Sean |title=Social Conflicts and Collective Identities |page=94 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=L_ALolUT2WsC&q=ulster+protestants+%22ethnoreligious%22&pg=PA94 |access-date=15 May 2017 |isbn=9780742500518 |year=2000|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield }}</ref><ref name="OLuing">{{cite book |last1=Ó Lúing |first1=Seán |title=Art Ó Griofa |date=1953 |publisher=Sairséal agus Dill |location=Dublin |page=217}}</ref> [[Muslims (ethnic group)|Yugoslav Muslims]].


==As a legal concept==

===Australia===
In [[Law of Australia|Australian law]], the [[Anti-Discrimination Act 1977]] of [[New South Wales]] defines "race" to include "ethnic, ethno-religious, or national origin".<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www8.austlii.edu.au/cgi-bin/viewdoc/au/legis/nsw/consol_act/aa1977204/s4.html|title=ANTI-DISCRIMINATION ACT 1977 – SECT 4 Definitions}}</ref> The reference to "ethno-religious" was added by the Anti-Discrimination (Amendment) Act 1994 (NSW).<ref name="Cunneen">{{cite book |title=Faces of hate: hate crime in Australia |last=Cunneen |first=Chris |author2=David Fraser |author3=Stephen Tomsen |year=1997 |publisher=Hawkins Press |isbn=1-876067-05-5 |page=223 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=R8nmw1wlgeUC |access-date=2010-02-14}}</ref> [[John Hannaford (Australian politician)|John Hannaford]], the NSW Attorney-General at the time, explained, "The effect of the latter amendment is to clarify that ethno-religious groups, such as Jews, Muslims, and Sikhs, have access to the racial vilification and discrimination provisions of the Act.... extensions of the Anti-Discrimination Act to ethno-religious groups will not extend to discrimination on the ground of religion".<ref name="Anti-Discrimination (Amendment Act 1994 Second Reading"/><ref name="Sedition"/>

The definition of "race" in Anti-Discrimination Act 1998 (Tasmania) likewise includes "ethnic, ethno-religious, or national origin".<ref name="Tasmanian Anti-Discrimination Act 1998 Section 3">{{cite web |url=http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/tas/consol_act/aa1998204/s3.html |title=Anti-Discrimination Act 1998 – Sect 3 |date=2 February 2010 |work=Tasmanian Consolidated Acts |publisher=AustLII |access-date=14 February 2010}}</ref> However, unlike the NSW Act, it also prohibits discrimination on the grounds of "religious belief or affiliation" or "religious activity".<ref name="Tasmanian Anti-Discrimination Act 1998 Section 16">{{cite web |url=http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/tas/consol_act/aa1998204/s16.html |title=AAti-Discrimination Act 1998 – Sect 16 |date=2 February 2010 |work=Tasmanian Consolidated Acts |publisher=AustLII |access-date=14 February 2010}}</ref>

===United Kingdom===
{{Main|Mandla v Dowell-Lee}}
In the United Kingdom the landmark legal case ''[[Mandla v Dowell-Lee]]'' (1982) placed a legal definition on ethnic groups with religious ties, which, in turn, has paved the way for the definition of an ethnoreligious<ref>[http://www.policy.hu/barsa/policypaper_draft.html policypaperdraft] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210225070649/http://www.policy.hu/barsa/policypaper_draft.html |date=2021-02-25 }}. Policy.hu. Retrieved on 2010-12-23.</ref> group. Both [[Jews]]<ref name="jews-both-ethnic-and-religion">{{cite web |title=Are Jews a Religious Group or an Ethnic Group? |url=http://www.icsresources.org/content/curricula/ReligiousOrEthnic.pdf |work=Institute for Curriculum Services |access-date=21 October 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131021112918/http://www.icsresources.org/content/curricula/ReligiousOrEthnic.pdf |archive-date=21 October 2013}}</ref><ref name="Jones">[https://books.google.com/books?id=V4qhTL61nXEC&pg=PA43 Ethnic minorities in English law – Google Books]. Books.google.co.uk. Retrieved on 2010-12-23.</ref><ref name="Edgar Litt 1961 328–332">{{cite journal |jstor=2573430 |title=Jewish Ethno-Religious Involvement and Political Liberalism |author=Edgar Litt |journal=Social Forces |volume=39 |issue=4 |year=1961 |pages=328–332 |doi=10.2307/2573430}}</ref> and [[Sikhs]]<ref>[http://www.allacademic.com/meta/p_mla_apa_research_citation/2/4/2/1/7/p242171_index.html Immigrant Sub-National Ethnicity: Bengali-Hindus and Punjabi-Sikhs in the San Francisco Bay Area]. Allacademic.com. Retrieved on 2010-12-23.</ref><ref name="equalrightstrust.org">{{cite web |title=Mandla (Sewa Singh) and another v Dowell Lee and others [1983] 2 AC 548 |url=https://www.equalrightstrust.org/ertdocumentbank/Microsoft%20Word%20-%20Mandla.pdf |website=equalrightstrust.org}}</ref><ref>[http://www.gfa.org/news/articles/ethno-religious-strife-closes-bridge-of-hope-center/ Ethno-Religious Strife Closes Bridge of Hope Center – Gospel for Asia] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091017191947/http://www.gfa.org/news/articles/ethno-religious-strife-closes-bridge-of-hope-center/ |date=2009-10-17}}. Gfa.org (2008-08-05). Retrieved on 2010-12-23.</ref> were determined to be considered ethnoreligious groups under the Anti-Discrimination (Amendment) Act 1994 (see above).

The Anti-Discrimination (Amendment) Act 1994 made reference to ''Mandla v Dowell-Lee'', which defined ethnic groups as:

# a long shared history, of which the group is conscious as distinguishing it from other groups, and the memory of which it keeps alive;
#a cultural tradition of its own, including family and social customs and manners, often but not necessarily associated with religious observance;
#either a common geographical origin, or descent from a small number of common ancestors;
#a common language, not necessarily peculiar to the group;
#a common literature peculiar to the group;
#a common religion different from that of neighbouring groups or from the general community surrounding it;
#being a minority or being an oppressed or dominant group within a larger community. For example, a conquered people (say, the inhabitants of England shortly after the [[Norman Conquest]]) and their conquerors might both be ethnic groups.

The significance of the case was that groups like Sikhs and Jews could now be protected under the [[Race Relations Act 1976]].<ref name="equalrightstrust.org"/>

===Malaysia===
In Malaysian law, as per [[Article 160 of the Constitution of Malaysia|Article 160(2)]],<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IB-cY6Nh6tUC&pg=PA40 |title=Contesting Malayness: Malay Identity Across Boundaries |editor= Timothy P. Barnard |page=40 |publisher=Singapore University Press |date= 2003|isbn=978-9971692797 }}</ref> it is stipulated that an individual classified as [[Malays (ethnic group)|Malay]] must be a [[Muslim]], converse in the [[Malay language]], and adhere to [[Malay customs]].

According to this [[legal framework]], a Malay man or woman who undergoes conversion from [[Islam]] to another religion ceases to be recognized as Malay. Consequently, the privileges accorded to so-called ''[[Bumiputra]]'', specifically the entitlements outlined in [[Article 153 of the Constitution of Malaysia|Article 153]]<ref>Adam, Ramlah binti, Samuri, Abdul Hakim bin & Fadzil, Muslimin bin (2004). ''Sejarah Tingkatan 3''. Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka. {{ISBN|983-62-8285-8}}.</ref> of the Constitution, [[Malaysian New Economic Policy|the New Economic Policy (NEP)]], and other related provisions, are [[Forfeiture (law)|forfeited]] in the event of such conversions.

==See also==
* [[Ethnolinguistic group]]
* [[Folk religion]]
* [[List of ethnic religions]]
* [[Phyletism]]
* [[Religious assimilation]]
* [[Religious segregation]]
* [[Symbolic ethnicity]]

==Notes==
{{notelist}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Bibliography==
{{Refbegin}}
* {{cite web |title=The Samaritans – A Jewish Sect in Israel: Strategies for Survival of an Ethno-religious Minority in the Twenty First Century |author=Sean Ireton |publisher=Anthrobase |year=2003 |access-date=2009-12-30 |url=http://www.anthrobase.com/Txt/I/Ireton_S_01.htm |ref=Ireton}}
* {{citation |last=Barry |first=David M. |title=Popular Perceptions of the Relationship Between Religious and Ethnic Identities: A Comparative Study of Ethnodoxy in Contemporary Russia and Beyond |chapter-url=https://scholarworks.wmich.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1079&context=dissertations |year=2012 |publisher=Western Michigan University |pages=6–19 |chapter=The Relationship Between Religion and Ethnicity: A Review of the Literature}}
* {{cite book |last=Levey |first=Geoffrey Brahm |chapter=Toward a Theory of Disproportionate American Jewish Liberalism |date=1996 |chapter-url=http://research.policyarchive.org/10008.pdf |editor=Peter Y. Medding |title=Values, Interests, and Identity: Jews and Politics in a Changing World |series=Studies in Contemporary Jewry |volume=XI |isbn=9780195103311 |publisher=Oxford University Press |ref=Levey}}
* {{cite book |last=Fox |first=Jonathan |title=Ethnoreligious Conflict in the Late Twentieth Century: A General Theory |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3CKB_B-U0I8C&pg=PA26 |year=2002 |publisher=Lexington Books |isbn=978-0-7391-0418-7 |pages=11–30 |chapter=Defining Religion's Role in Society}}
* {{cite journal |author-last=Lycourinos |author-first=Damon Z. |date=August 2017 |title=Modern Greek Ethno-Religious Nationalism: An Ideological and Spatio-Temporal Relocation of Selfhood |editor-last=Sutherland |editor-first=Liam T. |journal=Implicit Religion: Journal for the Critical Study of Religion |location=[[London]] |publisher=[[Equinox Publishing (London)|Equinox Publishing]] |volume=20 |issue=1: ''Nationalism and Religious Studies - Critical Perspectives'' |pages=23–41 |doi=10.1558/imre.34128 |issn=1743-1697 |s2cid=149134963}}
* {{cite journal |title=Crisis management in colonial states: Intelligence and counter-insurgency in Morocco and Syria after the First World War |first=Martin |last=Thomas |journal=Intelligence & National Security |date=October 2006 |volume=21 |issue=5 |pages=697–716 |doi=10.1080/02684520600957662 |s2cid=153922797 |ref=Thomas}}
* {{cite journal |title=Symbolic Ethnicity or Religion Among Jews in the United States: A Test of Gansian Hypotheses |author=J. Alan Winter |journal=Review of Religious Research |volume=37 |date=March 1996 |issue=3 |url=https://www.questia.com/googleScholar.qst?docId=96271706 |ref=Winter}}
*{{cite journal |last=Koonammakkal |first=Thomas |author-link=Thomas Koonammakkal |editor1=Peter Bruns |editor2=Heinz Otto Luthe |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KDoyEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA259 |title=Syro-Malabar History and Traditions |journal=Orientalia Christiana: Festschrift für Hubert Kaufhold zum 70. Geburtstag; pp. 259-276 |publisher=Harrassowitz Verlag |location=Wiesbaden |year=2013 |isbn=9783447068857}}
* Yang, F. and Ebaugh, H. R. (2001), [https://www.purdue.edu/crcs/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/YangReligion-EthnicityJSSR.pdf Religion and Ethnicity Among New Immigrants: The Impact of Majority/Minority Status in Home and Host Countries] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160415180728/https://www.purdue.edu/crcs/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/YangReligion-EthnicityJSSR.pdf |date=2016-04-15}}. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 40: 367–378. doi:10.1111/0021-8294.00063
* Phillip E. Hammond and Kee Warner, [https://www.jstor.org/stable/1048676 Religion and Ethnicity in Late-Twentieth-Century America], The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social, Vol. 527, Religion in the Nineties (May, 1993), pp. 55–66
* {{cite journal |last=Perczel |first=István |author-link=István Perczel |title=Some New Documents on the Struggle of the Saint Thomas Christians to Maintain the Chaldaean Rite and Jurisdiction |url=https://www.academia.edu/5266468 |editor1=Peter Bruns |editor2=Heinz Otto Luthe |journal=Orientalia Christiana: Festschrift für Hubert Kaufhold zum 70. Geburtstag |pages=415–436 |publisher=Harrassowitz Verlag |location=Wiesbaden |year=2013}}
* {{cite book |last=Gladney |first=Dru C. |author-link=Dru C. Gladney |title=Muslim Chinese: Ethnic Nationalism in the People's Republic |url={{Google books |plainurl=y |id=_hJ9aht6nZQC }} |edition=2nd |year=1996 |orig-year=1991 |publisher=Harvard University Asia Center |isbn=0-674-59497-5 |location=Wiesbaden}}
{{Refend}}

==External links==
* {{Commons category-inline|Ethnoreligious groups}}

{{Ethnicity}}

[[Category:Ethnoreligious groups| ]]
[[Category:Sociology of religion]]

Nyatri Tsenpo

2026-03-22T21:49:04Z

Wavage786: Stub

{{Short description|First king of Tibet}}
{{Infobox royalty
| name = Nyatri Tsenpo
| title =
| titletext =
| more =
| image = Nyatri Tsenpo.jpg
| image_size =
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| succession = [[List of emperors of Tibet|King of Tibet]]
| moretext =
| reign = 127 BC – ???
| reign-type =
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| successor = [[Mutri Tsenpo]]
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| native_lang1 = [[Tibetan script]]
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| dynasty = [[Yarlung dynasty|Yarlung]]
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| module = {{Infobox Chinese
| child = yes
| ibox-order = bo, zh
| tib = {{Bo-textonly|གཉའ་ཁྲི་བཙན་པོ་}}
| wylie = gnya' khri btsan po
| zwpy =
| lhasa =
| t = 聶赤贊普
| s = 聂赤赞普
| p = Nièchì Zànpǔ
| w = {{Tone superscript|Nieh4-ch'ih4 Tsan4-p'u3}} }}
}}

'''Nyatri Tsenpo''' ({{bo|t=གཉའ་ཁྲི་བཙན་པོ་}}, {{literal translation|Neck-Enthroned King}}) was the first [[List of emperors of Tibet|king of Tibet]] and a [[legendary progenitor]] of the [[Yarlung dynasty]]. Although stories of his origin vary, most describe him as an outsider whom the [[Tibetans]] accepted as their king because of his physical abnormalities and strength.

[[Tibetan Buddhism|Tibetan Buddhist]] sources generally describe him as having had [[Syndactyly|webbed hands]], with one account stating he was an [[India]]n prince with the additional deformity of [[eyelid]]s closing from the bottom rather than the top. More recent Tibetan Buddhist sources describe him as a descendant of the [[Shakya]] clan. The [[Dunhuang manuscripts]] give Nyatri Tsenpo a more divine origin, stating that he was a [[Sky deity|sky god]] who descended from [[heaven]] to rule [[Tibet]] after seeing its natural beauty. Nonetheless, all accounts conclude the story of his origin with the Tibetans carrying him on their necks and shoulders and giving him the [[Tibetan name]] "Nyatri Tsenpo", which means "Neck-Enthroned King".

The start of his reign is traditionally placed at 127 BC, which marks the first year of the [[Tibetan calendar]]. According to [[Tibetan mythology]], Nyatri Tsenpo constructed the first Tibetan building, [[Yungbulakang Palace]]. At the end of his reign, Nyatri Tsenpo is said to have ascended or returned to heaven by climbing a rope. [[Losar]], the Tibetan New Year, is celebrated in his honour.

== Origin ==
There are conflicting stories about the origin and mortality of Nyatri Tsenpo. His place of origin has been variously claimed to be [[Tibet]], [[India]], [[China]], or [[heaven]].<ref name="Concise History of Tibet, pp. 14–15">{{cite book |author1=Chapel Tseten Phuntsog |author-link1=Chapel Tseten Phuntsog |author2=Nortrang Urgyan |author3=Phuntsog Tsering |title=Concise Edition of a General History of Tibet |date=2011 |orig-date=1989 |publisher=[[China International Publishing Group]] |isbn=9787508521138 |pages=14–15 |language=en}}</ref>

In the pre-[[Buddhism|Buddhist]], indigenous [[Bon]] religion, it is traditionally held that the early kings of Tibet were gods who had descended from heaven to rule the people of earth.<ref name="Concise History of Tibet, pp. 14–15"/> The [[Dunhuang manuscripts]] state that Nyatri Tsenpo was a [[Sky deity|god of the sky]] who, upon seeing the natural beauty of Tibet, descended from heaven onto the sacred mountain [[Yarlha Shampo]] to rule over the land.<ref name="Yeshe de Project">{{cite book |title=Ancient Tibet: Research Materials from the Yeshe de Project |date=1986 |publisher=Dharma Publishing |location=[[Berkeley, California|Berkeley, CA]] |isbn=978-0-89800-137-2 |url=https://pahar.in/pahar/Books%20and%20Articles/Tibet%20and%20China/1986%20Ancient%20Tibet--Research%20Materials%20from%20the%20Yeshe%20De%20Project%20s.pdf |pages=141–143 |language=en}}</ref> He made his way down the valley where he met a group of Tibetans, whom he impressed with his beauty, charisma, and power. The Tibetans asked him where he had come from due to his physical appearance, which differed from the Tibetans'. Unable to speak the Tibetan language, he responded by pointing to the sky, which the Tibetans interpreted as a confirmation of his divinity. Believing the encounter to be fated, the Tibetans lifted him onto their necks and shoulders (in some accounts using a [[yoke]]<ref name="Stupa">{{cite web |title=The Story of the First King of Tibet |url=https://thestupa.com/culture-history/the-story-of-the-first-king-of-tibet/ |website=The Stupa |access-date=20 January 2026}}</ref>) and made him their king, giving him the [[Tibetan name]] "Nyatri Tsenpo", which means "Neck-Enthroned King".<ref name="Yeshe de Project"/>

[[Tibetan Buddhism|Tibetan Buddhist]] sources give a similar account of Nyatri Tsenpo's origin but portray him as a prince who had arrived from [[India]], possibly to strengthen his ties to Buddhism or [[the Buddha]] himself.<ref>{{cite book |author=Tsepon Wangchuk Deden Shakabpa |translator-last=Maher |translator-first=Derek F. |title=One Hundred Thousand Moons: An Advanced Political History of Tibet |date=2010 |publisher=[[Brill Publishers]] |isbn=978-90-04-17788-8 |page=109 |url=https://books.google.com/books/about/One_Hundred_Thousand_Moons.html?id=8AQwAQAAIAAJ |access-date=20 January 2026 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="tibet-info.eu">{{cite web |title=The Yarlung Kings |url=https://tibet-info.eu/language/en/the-yarlung-kings/ |website=tibet-info.eu |access-date=20 January 2026 |date=5 December 2019}}</ref> [[Buddhist canons]] differ as to his exact lineage, and he has been variously described as a descendant of [[Bimbisara]] of [[Magadha]], [[Pasenadi|Prasenajit]] of [[Kosala (Mahajanapada)|Kosala]], or [[Udayana (king)|Udayana]] of [[Vatsa]].<ref name="Sørensen 1994, pp. 138–139">{{cite book |last1=Sørensen |first1=Per K. |title=The Mirror Illuminating the Royal Genealogies: Tibetan Buddhist Historiography: an Annotated Translation of the XIVth Century Tibetan Chronicle: RGyal-rabs Gsal- Ba'i Me-long |date=1994 |publisher=Otto Harrassowitz Verlag |isbn=978-3-447-03510-1 |pages=138–139 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CeuBznK7RiMC&pg=PA138 |access-date=20 January 2026 |language=en}}</ref> One story claims Nyatri Tsenpo was a son of Udayana who was born with multiple physical deformities, including "unusual marks", [[Syndactyly|webbed hands]], and [[eyelid]]s closing from the bottom instead of the top.<ref name="Yeshe de Project"/> He was thrown into the [[Ganges]] in a box and rescued by peasants, but he ran away to the [[Himalayas]] after [[coming of age]].<ref name="Yeshe de Project"/> A similar story says he was the only son of a king in eastern India who, upon seeing his deformities, ordered that he be killed. However, nobody was brave enough to kill him and he was instead placed inside a brass jar and thrown into the Ganges. He was later discovered by a farmer who raised him in the forest until he came of age; upon hearing of his true origin, he ran away until he reached Tibet.<ref name="Stupa"/> More recent Tibetan Buddhist sources claim Nyatri Tsenpo was a descendant of the [[Shakya]] clan, sometimes a Shakya princess who had fled to Tibet.<ref name="Concise History of Tibet, pp. 14–15"/><ref>{{cite web |title=Message of His Holiness the Dalai Lama to the Fourteenth Assembly of the Tibetan People's Deputies |url=https://www.dalailama.com/news/2011/message-of-his-holiness-the-dalai-lama-to-the-fourteenth-assembly-of-the-tibetan-peoples-deputies |publisher=The Office of His Holiness The Dalai Lama |access-date=21 January 2026 |date=14 March 2011 |language=en}}</ref>

Alternatively, [[Changkya Rolpai Dorje]], an 18th-century Tibetan Buddhist teacher in the [[Qing dynasty|Qing]] court, recorded that Nyatri Tsenpo was originally a mortal named Wubera. He was the youngest of nine sons born to a woman named Chamotsun from [[Kingdom of Powo|Powo]] (present-day [[Bomê County]], Tibet Autonomous Region).<ref name="Concise History of Tibet, pp. 14–15"/> Wubera was said to be handsome and strong but cursed with webbed hands, which frightened the other townspeople. He was consequently banished from his hometown when he came of age, and wandered the Himalayas until he met a group of Tibetans. The Tibetans were convinced of Wubera's divinity due to his physical abnormalities and strength, and asked him to be their king. Wubera accepted and was subsequently lifted onto the Tibetans' necks and shoulders and given the name "Nyatri Tsenpo".<ref name="Concise History of Tibet, pp. 14–15"/> Some Chinese-language historical documents follow a similar narrative but claim Nyatri Tsenpo had arrived from [[China proper]], but this account has been discredited even by Chinese scholars.<ref name="Concise History of Tibet, pp. 14–15"/>

== Reign ==
[[File:YumbuLhakhang.jpg|thumb|[[Yungbulakang Palace]], purportedly the first Tibetan building and the seat of the [[Yarlung dynasty]]]]

According to Tibetan sources, Nyatri Tsenpo began his reign in 127 BC (Wood-Tiger year in the [[Tibetan calendar]]).<ref name="Stupa"/><ref name="Tsering BK">{{cite web |last=Tsering |first=Bhuchung K. |title=This Tiger Year Losar, let us talk about Tibetan astrology |url=https://weblog.savetibet.org/2022/02/this-tiger-year-losar-let-us-talk-about-tibetan-astrology/ |publisher=[[International Campaign for Tibet]] |access-date=21 January 2026}}</ref><ref name="Pastis-Momo">{{cite web |title=Losar, Tibetan New Year |url=https://pastis-momo.com/en/losar-tibetan-new-year/ |website=Pastis-Momo |access-date=20 January 2026 |date=4 March 2022}}</ref> Some sources record 127 BC as the year of his birth, while others state he was born in 115 BC (Fire-Tiger year).<ref name="Tsering BK"/>

Seeing that the Tibetans lived in caves, Nyatri Tsenpo built the first Tibetan building, [[Yungbulakang Palace]], which became the royal seat of the [[Yarlung dynasty]] started by Nyatri Tsenpo.<ref name="Swatos 1990">{{cite book |last=Swatos |first=William H. |title=Time, Place, and Circumstance: Neo-Weberian Studies in Comparative Religious History |date=1990 |publisher=Greenwood Press |pages=[https://archive.org/details/timeplacecircums0000unse/page/43 43] |language=en |isbn=0313268924 |url=https://archive.org/details/timeplacecircums0000unse/page/43}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Finegan |first1=Jack |title=An Archaeological History of Religions of Indian Asia |date=1989 |publisher=Paragon House |isbn=978-0-913729-43-4 |page=639 |url=https://www.google.ca/books/edition/An_Archaeological_History_of_Religions_o/BrDXAAAAMAAJ |access-date=21 January 2026 |language=en |quotation='''''Yumbulagang'''''. The original home of the Yarlung Dynasty, it has been explained above, was in the valley of the Yarlung River. There, as the Buddhist histories tell the story, the Bon priests recognized a certain Nyatrhi Tsenpo as descended from heaven and made him their king, the first in the long line of forty-two kings of the Yarlung Dynasty, and there Nyatrhi Tsenpo built his palace, called Yumbulagang.}}</ref>

Followers of Bon and Tibetan Buddhism both revere Nyatri Tsenpo and the six kings who followed him as divine and immortal beings.<ref name="tibet-info.eu"/><ref name="Swatos 1990"/> In [[Tibetan mythology]], it is said that the first seven kings of Tibet, upon completing their respective reigns, returned to heaven by climbing a rope dropped from the skies.<ref name="tibet-info.eu"/> The eighth king, [[Drigum Tsenpo]], lost his immortality because a minister he had quarreled with named Longam cursed him with magic and cut the rope between heaven and earth. Drigum Tsenpo was subsequently assassinated by Longam and became the first Tibetan king to be [[Tomb|entombed]].<ref name="tibet-info.eu"/><ref name="Swatos 1990"/>

== Legacy ==
The year of Nyatri Tsenpo's enthronement marks the first year of the [[Tibetan calendar]]. [[Losar]], the Tibetan [[New Year]], is celebrated in his honour.<ref name="Pastis-Momo"/>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Emperors of Tibet}}
{{Legendary progenitors}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Tibetan kings]]
[[Category:Legendary progenitors]]
[[Category:Founding monarchs in Asia]]

Kingslee Fernandes

2026-03-21T21:49:10Z

Wavage786: Creating Pg!

{{Short description|Indian footballer (born 1998)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2018}}
{{Infobox football biography
| name = Kingslee Fernandes
| image =
| image_size =
| caption =
| fullname =
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1998|1|26|df=y}}
| birth_place = Betalbatim, [[Goa]], India
| height = {{height|m=1.67}}
| currentclub =
| clubnumber =
| position = [[Midfielder#Attacking midfielder|Attacking midfielder]]
| youthyears1 =
| youthclubs1 = [[Vasco SC|Vasco]]
| years1 = 2015–2016
| clubs1 = [[Vasco SC|Vasco]]
| caps1 =
| goals1 =
| years2 = 2016–2017
| clubs2 = [[Churchill Brothers FC Goa|Churchill Brothers]]
| caps2 = 5
| goals2 = 0
| years3 = 2017–2020
| clubs3 = [[FC Goa Reserves and Academy|Goa B]]
| caps3 = 19
| goals3 = 0
| years4 = 2020–2023
| clubs4 = [[Churchill Brothers FC Goa|Churchill Brothers]]
| caps4 = 53
| goals4 = 1
| years5 = 2023–2024
| clubs5 = [[Punjab FC|Punjab]]
| caps5 = 7
| goals5 = 0
| years6 = 2024–2025
| clubs6 = [[Churchill Brothers FC Goa|Churchill Brothers]]
| caps6 = 16
| goals6 = 1
| years7 = 2025
| clubs7 = [[Chennaiyin FC|Chennaiyin]]
| caps7 = 0
| goals7 = 0
| years8 = 2026–
| clubs8 = [[Gokulam Kerala FC|Gokulam Kerala]]
| caps8 = 2
| goals8 = 0
| nationalyears1 =
| nationalteam1 =
| nationalcaps1 =
| nationalgoals1 =
| club-update = 20:21, 20 March 2026 (UTC)
| ntupdate =
}}

'''Kingslee Fernandes''' (born 26 January 1998) is an Indian professional [[association football|footballer]] who plays as a [[midfielder]] for [[Indian Football League]] Club [[Gokulam Kerala FC]].

==Career==
Born in [[Goa]], Fernandes started his career with [[Vasco S.C.|Vasco]], playing for their youth side.<ref>{{cite news|title=LOCAL SPORTS SCAN|url=http://www.navhindtimes.in/local-sports-scan-263/|access-date=13 January 2017|work=Navhind Times|date=31 October 2015}}</ref> Fernandes also played for the Vasco senior side in the [[Goa Football League#Goa Professional League|Goa Professional League]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Tuff too tough for Vasco SC|url=http://www.navhindtimes.in/tuff-too-tough-for-vasco-sc/|access-date=13 January 2017|work=Navhind Times|date=29 November 2015}}</ref> Fernandes was also selected for the [[Goa football team|Goa]] side that would participate in the [[Santosh Trophy]] but for unknown reasons, did not appear at training camp.<ref>{{cite news|title=GFA showcause notice to Santosh probables|url=https://englishnews.thegoan.net/story.php?id=9564|access-date=13 January 2017|work=The Goan|date=16 January 2016}}</ref>

===Churchill Brothers===
In December 2016 it was revealed that Fernandes had signed with [[Churchill Brothers S.C.|Churchill Brothers]] for the club's return to the [[I-League]].<ref>{{cite news|last1=Mergulhao|first1=Marcus|title=Not the Churchill Brothers we fondly remember|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/goa/not-the-churchill-brothers-we-fondly-remember/articleshow/56159910.cms|access-date=13 January 2017|work=Times of India|date=25 December 2016}}</ref> He made his professional debut for the side on 8 January 2017 in their opening match against [[Mohun Bagan A.C.|Mohun Bagan]]. Despite his side losing 1–0, Fernandes still played the full match and earned the Hero of the Match award for his performance.<ref>{{cite web|title=Mohun Bagan 1-0 Churchill Brothers|url=https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2017/01/08/india/i-league/mohun-bagan-ac/churchill-brothers-sc/2383738/|website=Soccerway}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Mohun Bagan 1-0 Churchill Brothers - 5 Talking Points|url=http://www.sportskeeda.com/football/mohun-bagan-1-0-churchill-brothers-5-talking-points/5|access-date=13 January 2017|work=SportsKeeda|date=9 January 2017}}</ref>

===FC Goa===
Fernandes then joined the [[FC Goa Reserves|reserves side]] of [[FC Goa]].{{citation needed|date=October 2019}}

He was promoted to the senior team in the year 2019.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.mykhel.com/football/isl-2019-20-fc-goa-team-preview-129126.html|title=ISL 2019-20: FC Goa Team Preview: Strength, weakness, squad, key players, prediction}}</ref>

== Career statistics ==
=== Club ===
{{updated|31 August 2025}}<ref>{{soccerway|kingslee-fernandes/471364}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|-
!rowspan="2"|Club
!rowspan="2"|Season
!colspan="3"|League
!colspan="2"|Cup
!colspan="2"|Other
!colspan="2"|[[Asian Football Confederation|AFC]]
!colspan="2"|Total
|-
!Division!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals
|-
|[[Churchill Brothers FC Goa|Churchill Brothers]]
|{{nowrap|[[2016–17 I-League|2016–17]]}}
|[[I-League]]
|5||0||0||0|| colspan="2" |–|| colspan="2" |–||5||0
|-
| rowspan="4" |[[FC Goa Reserves and Academy|Goa B]]
|[[2017–18 I-League 2nd Division|2017–18]]
|I-League 2nd Division
|10||0||0||0|| colspan="2" |–|| colspan="2" |–||10||0
|-
|[[2018–19 I-League 2nd Division|2018–19]]
|I-League 2nd Division
|8||0||0||0|| colspan="2" |–|| colspan="2" |–||8||0
|-
|[[2020 I-League Qualifiers|2019–20]]
|I-League 2nd Division
|1||0||0||0|| colspan="2" |–|| colspan="2" |–||1||0
|-
!colspan="2"|Total
!19!!0!!0!!0!!0!!0!!0!!0!!19!!0
|-
|[[FC Goa|Goa]]
|[[2019–20 FC Goa season|2019–20]]
|[[Indian Super League]]
|0||0||3{{efn|name=DurandCup|Appearance(s) in [[Durand Cup]]}}||0|| colspan="2" |–|| colspan="2" |–||3||0
|-
|rowspan="4"|[[Churchill Brothers FC Goa|Churchill Brothers]]
|[[2020–21 I-League|2020–21]]
|I-League
|15||0||0||0|| colspan="2" |–|| colspan="2" |–||15||1
|-
|[[2021–22 I-League|2021–22]]
|I-League
|17||1||0||0|| colspan="2" |–|| colspan="2" |–||17||1
|-
|[[2022–23 I-League|2022–23]]
|I-League
|21||0||4{{efn|name=SuperCup|Appearance(s) in [[Super Cup (India)|Super Cup]]}}||1||3{{efn|name=BRCup|Appearance(s) in [[Baji Rout#Baji Rout Cup|Baji Rout Cup]]}}||1|| colspan="2" |–||28||2
|-
!colspan="2"|Total
!53!!1!!4!!1!!3!!1!!0!!0!!60!!3
|-
|rowspan="3"|[[Punjab FC|Punjab]]
|[[2023–24 Indian Super League|2023–24]]
|Indian Super League
|7||0||1{{efn|name=DurandCup}}||0|| colspan="2" |–|| colspan="2" |–||8||0
|-
|[[2024–25 Indian Super League|2024–25]]
|Indian Super League
|0||0||1{{efn|name=DurandCup}}||0|| colspan="2" |–|| colspan="2" |–||1||0
|-
!colspan="2"|Total
!7!!0!!2!!0!!0!!0!!0!!0!!9!!0
|-
|[[Churchill Brothers FC Goa|Churchill Brothers]]
|[[2024–25 I-League|2024–25]]
|I-League
|16||1||0||0|| colspan="2" |–|| colspan="2" |–||16||1
|-
|[[Chennaiyin FC|Chennaiyin]]
|[[2025–26 Indian Super League|2025–26]]
|Indian Super League
|0||0||3{{efn|name=SuperCup}}||0|| colspan="2" |–|| colspan="2" |–||3||0
|-
!colspan="3"|Career total
!100!!2!!12!!1!!3!!1!!0!!0!!115!!4
|}
{{notelist}}

==Honours==
'''Churchill Brothers'''
*Baji Rout Cup runner-up: 2022<ref>{{cite web|last=Sports Desk|first=The Bridge|url=https://thebridge.in/football/rajasthan-united-win-baji-rout-cup-37018|title=Rajasthan United FC wins 2022 Baji Rout Cup|website=thebridge.in|publisher=The Bridge|date=8 November 2022|access-date=8 November 2022|archive-date=8 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221108154039/https://thebridge.in/football/rajasthan-united-win-baji-rout-cup-37018}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Punjab FC squad}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Fernandes, Kingsley}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian men's footballers]]
[[Category:Vasco SC players]]
[[Category:Churchill Brothers FC players]]
[[Category:Men's association football midfielders]]
[[Category:Footballers from Goa]]
[[Category:Goa Professional League players]]
[[Category:I-League players]]
[[Category:FC Goa players]]
[[Category:Indian Super League players]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian sportsmen]]
[[Category:1998 births]]
[[Category:Punjab FC players]]

{{India-footy-midfielder-stub}}

Abdul Jabbar (Dalgaon politician)

2026-03-20T07:55:57Z

Wavage786: put up the article w/ sources

{{Short description|Indian politician (1931–2025)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2019}}
'''Abdul Jabbar''' (1931 – 5 October 2025) was an Indian [[Asom Gana Parishad]] politician from [[Assam]]. He was elected to the [[Assam Legislative Assembly]] from [[Dalgaon Assembly constituency|Dalgaon constituency]] in the [[1985 Assam Legislative Assembly election|1985]], [[1991 Assam Legislative Assembly election|1991]] and [[2001 Assam Legislative Assembly election|2001]] elections.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://twocircles.net/2011apr04/muslim_women_have_no_place_assam_state%E2%80%99s_politics.html#.WBCGsuB97IU|title=Muslim women have no place in Assam state’s politics}}</ref><ref>[http://www.elections.in/assam/assembly-constituencies/dalgaon.html Sitting and previous MLAs from Chapaguri Assembly Constituency]</ref> Jabbar died on 5 October 2025, at the age of 94.<ref>[https://thehillstimes.in/assam/veteran-agp-leader-abdul-jabbar-passes-away-at-94 Veteran AGP leader Abdul Jabbar passes away at 94]</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Jabbar, Abdul}}
[[Category:1931 births]]
[[Category:2025 deaths]]
[[Category:Asom Gana Parishad politicians]]
[[Category:Assam MLAs 1985–1991]]
[[Category:Assam MLAs 1991–1996]]
[[Category:Assam MLAs 2001–2006]]
[[Category:People from Darrang district]]
[[Category:Accidental deaths from falls in India]]

{{Assam-politician-stub}}

Karuppu Pulsar

2026-03-17T00:31:58Z

Wavage786: Creating New Data

{{Short description|2026 Tamil film}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2026}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2026}}
{{Infobox film
| image = Karuppu Pulsar.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = Murali Krish
| producer = Dr. Sathya Murali Krishnan
| starring = {{Plainlist|
*[[V R Dinesh]]
*Reshma Venkatesh
*Madhunika
}}
| cinematography = Baskar Arumugam
| editing = Sasi Daksha
| music = Inbaraj Rajendran
| studio = Yasho Entertainment
| released = {{Film date|2026|1|30|df=yes}}
| runtime = 114 minutes
| country = India
| language = Tamil
}}

'''''Karuppu Pulsar''''' ({{Translation|Black Pulsar}}) is a 2026 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language film directed by Murali Krish in his debut, who had previously worked as an assistant to [[M. Rajesh]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Jiiva to unveil Karuppu Pulsar trailer|url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2026/Jan/25/jiiva-to-unveil-karuppu-pulsar-trailer|website=Cinema Express|date=2026-01-25|access-date=2026-01-30|language=en|first=Akshay|last=Kumar}}</ref> The film stars [[V R Dinesh]], Reshma Venkatesh and Madhunika in the lead roles, alongside [[Saravana Subbiah]], [[Mansoor Ali Khan (actor)|Mansoor Ali Khan]] and others in important roles.<ref>{{Cite news|title='Karuppu Pulsar' trailer out: Attakathi Dinesh stuns in dual role; dark rural thriller to release January 30|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/karuppu-pulsar-trailer-out-attakathi-dinesh-stuns-in-dual-role-dark-rural-thriller-to-release-january-30/articleshow/127540453.cms|work=The Times of India|date=2026-01-26|access-date=2026-01-30|issn=0971-8257}}</ref> The film is produced by Dr. Sathya Murali Krishnan under Yasho Entertainment banner,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Trailer of Attakathi Dinesh’s Karuppu Pulsar out|url=https://www.dtnext.in/entertainment/cinema/trailer-of-attakathi-dineshs-karuppu-pulsar-out|website=DT Next|date=2026-01-26|access-date=2026-01-30|language=en}}</ref> with the music composed by Inbaraj Rajendran, cinematography handled by Baskar Arumugam and editing done by Sasi Daksha.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Karuppu Pulsar Trailer: Dinesh's haunted bike leads him to unearth hidden secrets|url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2026/Jan/26/karuppu-pulsar-trailer-dineshs-haunted-bike-leads-him-to-unearth-hidden-secrets|website=Cinema Express|date=2026-01-26|access-date=2026-01-30|language=en}}</ref>

''Karuppu Pulsar'' released in theatres on 30 January 2026.<ref>{{Cite web|title=VR Dinesh's Karuppu Pulsar gets release date|url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2026/Jan/13/vr-dineshs-karuppu-pulsar-gets-release-date|website=Cinema Express|date=2026-01-13|access-date=2026-01-30|language=en}}</ref>

== Cast ==
{{Cast listing|
* [[V R Dinesh]] as Dasaratha Raja
* Reshma Venkatesh
* Madhunika
* [[Saravana Subbiah]] as Velraj
* [[Mansoor Ali Khan (actor)|Mansoor Ali Khan]] as Kaveri
* [[Arjai|Prinz Arjai]] as Selvam
* Prankster Rahul as Hariharan
* [[Lollu Sabha Manohar]]
}}

== Release and reception ==
''Karuppu Pulsar'' released in theatres on 30 January 2026.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Dinesh's Karuppu Pulsar to release on Jan 30|url=https://www.dtnext.in/entertainment/cinema/dineshs-karuppu-pulsar-to-release-on-jan-30|website=DT Next|date=2026-01-13|access-date=2026-01-30|language=en}}</ref>

A critic of ''[[Dinamalar]]'' rated the film with 2 out of 5 stars.<ref>{{Cite web|title=கருப்பு பல்சர் - விமர்சனம் {2/5} : கருப்பு பல்சர் - சரியாக ஸ்டார்ட் ஆகலை... ஸ்பீடாகவும் ஓடலை. - Karuppu Pulsar|url=https://cinema.dinamalar.com/movie-review/3719/Karuppu-Pulsar/|website=cinema.dinamalar.com|access-date=2026-01-30|language=en}}</ref> A critic of ''[[Maalai Malar]]'' gave 1.5 out of 5 stars and criticised the film for its typical story and suggested the need for a better screenplay.<ref>{{Cite web|title=கருப்பு பல்சர்- திரைவிமர்சனம் {{!}} karuppu pulsar- movie review|url=https://www.maalaimalar.com/cinema/cinemanews/karuppu-pulsar-movie-review-807322|website=www.maalaimalar.com|date=2026-01-30|access-date=2026-01-30|language=ta|first=மாலை|last=மலர்}}</ref> Akshay Kumar of ''[[Cinema Express]]'' gave 1 out of 5 stars and wrote "What makes Karuppu Pulsar unforgivable is its token messaging, which is a gross underestimation of the audience's intellectual capability. The film, with no redeemable qualities, can just be proud of its crisp runtime, and nothing else".<ref>{{Cite web|title=Karuppu Pulsar Movie Review: Fuelled by follies|url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/review/2026/Jan/30/karuppupulsar-movie-review-fuelled-by-follies|website=Cinema Express|date=2026-01-30|access-date=2026-01-30|language=en|first=Akshay|last=Kumar}}</ref>

The film was also reviewed by ''[[Dina Thanthi]].''<ref>{{Cite web|title=“கருப்பு பல்சர்” திரைப்பட விமர்சனம்|url=https://www.dailythanthi.com/cinema/movie-review/karuppu-pulsar-movie-review-in-tamil|website=Dailythanthi|date=2026-01-29|access-date=2026-01-30|language=ta|last=தினத்தந்தி}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==

* {{IMDb title|tt39366667}}
[[Category:2026 Indian films]]
[[Category:2020s Indian films]]
[[Category:2026 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:2026 directorial debut films]]
[[Category:Films set in Chennai]]
[[Category:Films set in Madurai]]
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]

Sitaram Bazar

2026-03-15T13:06:17Z

Wavage786: new

{{Short description|Locality in Delhi, India}}
{{Infobox settlement
| image_skyline = Sita Ram Bazaar Road.jpg
| mapframe-coordinates = {{Coord|28|38|45.79|N|77|13|50.54|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Delhi]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Central Delhi]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 110006
}}
'''Sitaram Bazar''' (Hindi: सीताराम बाज़ार, also spelled '''Sita Ram Bazar''') is a historic sublocality in Old Delhi, located within the [[Chandni Chowk]] area of [[Central Delhi district|Central Delhi]], India. Part of the [[Shahjahanabad]] region established during the [[Mughal era]], it is renowned for its centuries-old havelis, wholesale markets, and street food culture. Nearby landmarks include the [[Red Fort]] and [[Jama Masjid Delhi|Jama Masjid]].

== History ==
Sitaram Bazar traces its origins to the 17th century, when Emperor [[Shah Jahan]] founded [[Shahjahanabad]] as the capital of the [[Mughal Empire]].<ref>{{Citation |title=Chawri Bazar |date=2021-12-07 |work=The Moving City |pages=110–112 |url=https://doi.org/10.1525/9780520383975-039 |access-date=2025-08-19 |publisher=University of California Press |doi=10.1525/9780520383975-039 |isbn=978-0-520-38397-5|url-access=subscription }}</ref>

Its historical significance was captured in the 1993 short film ''[[Bazaar Sitaram]]'', directed by [[Neena Gupta]], which portrayed a year in the community's life, highlighting its social and cultural dynamics. The Shahjahanabad Redevelopment Corporation is currently working to preserve the area's heritage while improving infrastructure, recognising its historical value.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Versteirt |first=Bart |date=2023-06-01 |title=Ancient Marketplace's Liquid Diagram: Neena Gupta's Bazaar Sitaram and its Various Confusions |url=https://photogenie.be/ancient-marketplaces-liquid-diagram-neena-guptas-bazaar-sitaram-and-its-various-confusions/ |access-date=2025-08-19 |website=photogénie |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-10-02 |title=Bazaar Sitaram" (1993) by Neena Gupta - Saachi Baat |url=https://saachibaat.com/view-finder/bazaar-sitaram-1993-by-neena-gupta/ |access-date=2025-08-19 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Saying It Like It Is |url=https://www.readersdigest.in/features/story-saying-it-like-it-is-127285 |access-date=2025-08-19 |website=www.readersdigest.in}}</ref>

== Geography ==
Situated in the Kotwali ward of [[Central Delhi district|Central Delhi]], Sitaram Bazar is bordered by sublocalities such as [[Chawri Bazar]], [[Ballimaran]], and [[Daryaganj]]. Its geographic coordinates are approximately 28.64757°N, 77.22746°E.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-01-22 |title=Kucha Pati Ram: Amid Old Delhi chaos, a quiet street marked by crumbling, abandoned havelis |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/delhi/kucha-pati-ram-amid-old-delhi-chaos-a-quiet-street-marked-by-crumbling-abandoned-havelis-9120998/ |access-date=2025-08-18 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web| title=Ward No-87 Sita Ram Bazar DEMS/CSPZ | url=https://mcdonline.nic.in/portal/downloadFile/ward-87_22060712190262_220616022649649.pdf | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240802110030/https://mcdonline.nic.in/portal/downloadFile/ward-87_22060712190262_220616022649649.pdf | archive-date=2024-08-02}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-05-08 |title=Labourer killed in wall collapse in Old Delhi's Sita Ram Bazar |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/delhi/labourer-killed-in-wall-collapse-in-old-delhis-sita-ram-bazar/articleshow/100074797.cms |access-date=2025-08-19 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

The area is accessible via the [[Chandni Chowk metro station (Delhi)|Chandni Chowk Metro Station]] on the [[Yellow Line (Delhi Metro)|Yellow Line]], approximately 1km away, and the [[New Delhi railway station|New Delhi Railway Station]]. Nearby landmarks include the [[Red Fort]], [[Jama Masjid Delhi|Jama Masjid]], and the markets of [[Chandni Chowk]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=WARD 87-N, Bazar sita ram |url=https://sec.delhi.gov.in/sites/default/files/SEC/universal-tab/ward-87-n-bazar-sita-ram_1.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240930110613/https://sec.delhi.gov.in/sites/default/files/SEC/universal-tab/ward-87-n-bazar-sita-ram_1.pdf |archive-date=2024-09-30 |access-date=2025-08-18 |website=sec.delhi.gov.in}}</ref><ref>https://sec.delhi.gov.in/sites/default/files/SEC/basic/final_polling_stations_part_i_2022/Ward78_6239_1367_WARD%2078%20FINAL%20LIST%20OF%20POLLING%20STATIONS.pdf{{Dead link | date=December 2025 | fix-attempted=yes}}</ref>

== In popular culture ==
The 1993 short film ''Bazaar Sitaram'', directed by Neena Gupta, depicted the sublocality's daily life, markets, and community spirit, cementing its cultural significance. The film remains a notable representation of Sitaram Bazar's heritage in Indian cinema.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Neena Gupta to Celebrate 'Uunchai' National Award Win With Masaba: 'Sooraj Barjatya Sent Me...' {{!}} Exclusive |url=https://www.news18.com/movies/neena-gupta-to-celebrate-uunchai-national-award-win-with-masaba-sooraj-barjatya-sent-me-exclusive-9018131.html |access-date=2025-08-19 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sitaram Bazar}}
[[Category:Neighbourhoods in Delhi]]
[[Category:Bazaars in India]]
[[Category:17th-century establishments]]
[[Category:Populated places established in the 17th century]]
[[Category:Central Delhi district]]

Veerakkanal

2026-03-04T05:17:42Z

Wavage786: creating

{{short description|1960 film by G. K. Ramu}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2017}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Veerakkanal
| image = Veerakkanal poster.jpg

| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = G. K. Ramu
| producer = [[P. S. Veerappa]]
| writer = [[Kannadasan]] (dialogues)
| starring = [[Gemini Ganesan]] [[Anjali Devi]]
| music = [[K. V. Mahadevan]]
| cinematography = G. K. Ramu
| editing =
| studio = P. S. V. Pictures
| distributor = P. S. V. Pictures
| released = {{film date|1960|12|2|df=y}}
| runtime = 147 minutes
| country = India
| language = Tamil
| budget = 
| gross = 
}}

'''''Veerakkanal''''' ({{Translation|Fire of Bravery}}) is 1960 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[Historical fiction|historical]] [[action film]], directed by G. K. Ramu and produced by [[P. S. Veerappa]]. The film stars [[Gemini Ganesan]] and [[Anjali Devi]], with [[M. Saroja]], [[K. A. Thangavelu]], Veerappa, [[M. N. Nambiar]], [[M. N. Rajam]] and [[Kumari Kamala|Kamala]] in supporting roles. It was released on 2 December 1960.

== Plot ==
{{No plot|date=March 2021}}

== Cast ==
* [[Gemini Ganesan]] as Parandhaman
* [[Anjali Devi]] as Rajathi
* [[M. Saroja]] as Ananthi
* [[K. A. Thangavelu]] as Santhosham
* [[P. S. Veerappa]] as The King
* [[M. N. Nambiar]] as Raghu Devan
* [[M. N. Rajam]] as Porkodi
* [[Kumari Kamala|Kamala]] as Thenmozhi

== Soundtrack ==
Music was composed by [[K. V. Mahadevan]] and lyrics were written by [[Kannadasan]], [[A. Maruthakasi]] and [[Pattukkottai Kalyanasundaram]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Veerakkanal |url=https://gaana.com/album/veerakkanal |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160508075657/http://gaana.com/album/veerakkanal |archive-date=8 May 2016 |access-date=24 September 2020 |website=[[Gaana (music streaming service)|Gaana]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Veerakkanal (1960) |url=http://mio.to/album/Veerakkanal+(1960) |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160516142749/http://mio.to/album/Veerakkanal+(1960) |archive-date=16 May 2016 |access-date=2016-02-01 |website=Music India Online}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |url=https://archive.org/download/sok.VeerakKanal_G.K.Ramu_1960/27.%20VeerakKanal_G.K.Ramu_1960.pdf |title=வீரக்கனல் |publisher=P. S. V. Pictures |year=1960 |language=ta |type=[[song book]] |access-date=21 December 2021 |via=[[Internet Archive]]}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
! Song !! Singer !! Lyrics !! Length (m:ss)
|-
| "Sirithukonde Irukkavendum" || rowspan=3|[[P. Susheela]] || rowspan=3|[[Kannadasan]] || 4:30
|-
| "Silayodu Vilayadavaa" || 05:41
|-
| "Poomudipathum Pottu Vaipathum" || 03:31
|-
| "Piravigal Palakodi" || [[T. M. Soundararajan]] || A. MaruthaKasi || 03:43
|-
| "Chithirame Chithirame" || rowspan=2|P. Susheela & [[Sirkazhi Govindarajan]] || rowspan=4|Kannadasan || 03:07
|-
| "Thangakiliyae Mozhi Pesu" || 03:26
|-
| "Kaikal Irandil Valai Kulunga" || Sirkazhi Govindarajan, P. Susheela, [[Thiruchi Loganathan]] & [[L. R. Eswari]] || 04:19
|-
| "Poomudipathum Pottu Vaipathum" (pathos) || P. Susheela || 03:09
|-
| "Pottukitta Rendu Perum" || Tiruchi Loganathan & L. R. Eswari || [[Pattukkottai Kalyanasundaram]] || 03:31
|}

== Release and reception ==
''Veerakkanal'' was released on 2 December 1960, and was distributed by P. S. V. Pictures in [[Chennai|Madras]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2 December 1960 |title=Veerakkanal |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=P9oYG7HA76QC&dat=19601202&printsec=frontpage&hl=en |access-date=27 April 2017 |work=[[The Indian Express]] |pages=10 |via=[[Google News Archive]]}}{{cbignore}}</ref> ''[[The Indian Express]]'' called the film "a gorgeous costume piece and dance-cum music extravaganza designed to entertain", also praising the sword fights and stunts.<ref>{{Cite news |date=4 December 1960 |title=Veerakkanal |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=P9oYG7HA76QC&dat=19601204&printsec=frontpage&hl=en |access-date=1 December 2020 |work=[[The Indian Express]] |pages=3 |via=[[Google News Archive]]}}{{cbignore}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|15042686}}
{{K. Shankar}}

[[Category:1960 films]]
[[Category:1960s historical action films]]
[[Category:1960 Indian films]]
[[Category:1960 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:Films directed by K. Shankar]]
[[Category:Films scored by K. V. Mahadevan]]
[[Category:Indian black-and-white films]]
[[Category:Indian historical action films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]

Sagaai

2026-03-04T03:54:42Z

Wavage786: typo fix

{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2018}}
{{infobox film
| name = Sagaai
| director = [[S. D. Narang]]
| story = [[Z.Hussain]]
| starring = [[Biswajit Chatterjee|Biswajeet]] [[Rajshree]] [[Prem Chopra]]
| released = {{Film date|1966}}
| music = [[Ravi (music director)|Ravi]]
}}
'''''Sagaai''''' is a 1966 Bollywood film starring [[Rajshree]] and [[Biswajeet]].

==Plot==
Sheel ([[Rajshree]]) and Kailash's ([[Prem Chopra]]) marriage is planned by Sheel's father. But fate takes her into the arms of Rajesh ([[Biswajeet]]), and they celebrate their engagement on Sheel's birthday. Rajesh meets with a car accident, conspired by Kailash, and is paralyzed waist down. Rai Sahebh refuses to acknowledge their engagement but Sheel adamantly leaves her home to be with the ailing Rajesh and marries him by Vedic rituals. She nurses him back to health, but is rudely preyed upon by Kailash, who wants to see the end of Rajesh. The film reflects upon the trails and travails of a woman whose husband is ill and paralyzed and she is desired by another man. A very beautiful dance number is performed by Sheel as [[Visha Kanya]], very much before her life is thrown in such a turmoil.

==Cast==
*[[Biswajit]] as Rajesh
*[[Rajshree]] as Sheel
*[[Prem Chopra]] as Kailash
*[[Rehman (actor)|Rehman]] as Dr. Tandon
*[[Jayant (actor)|Jayant]] as Dwarkanath
*[[Raj Mehra]] as Rai Sahib Raghu Prasad (Sheel's Father)
*[[Durga Khote]] as Sheel's Mother
*[[Rajendra Nath]] as Hariram 'Harry'
*[[Asit Sen (actor)|Asit Sen]] as Bansi
*[[Tun Tun]] as Miss Anarkali
*[[Iftekhar]] as Hospital Doctor
*[[Helen (actress)|Helen]] as Dancer / Singer

==Soundtrack==
Music is composed by [[Ravi (music director)|Ravi]], while [[Rajinder Krishan]] wrote the songs.
{|class="wikitable"
! Song !! Singer
|-
| "Sajan Tori Preet Raatbhar Ki"
| '''[[Asha Bhosle]]'''
|-
| "Khaak Mein Mila To Kya, Phool Phir Bhi Phool Hai"
| '''[[Asha Bhosle]]''', [[Usha Mangeshkar]], [[Usha Khanna]]
|-
| "Na Yeh Zameen Thi, Na Aasman Tha"
| '''[[Asha Bhosle]]''', [[Mohammed Rafi]]
|-
| "O Paape Na Sharma, Kuch Garmi Sardi Kha"
| [[Mohammed Rafi]]
|-
| "Khafa Na Hona Agar Main Poochhun"
| [[Mahendra Kapoor]]
|-
| "Husn Aur Ishq Ke Takrane Ki Raat Aayi Hai"
| [[Mahendra Kapoor]]
|-
|}

==External links==
*{{IMDb title|tt0247680|Sagaai (1966)}}
*[https://memsaabstory.com/2008/10/02/sagai-1966/ memsaabstory]

[[Category:1966 films]]
[[Category:1966 Hindi-language films]]
[[Category:Films scored by Ravi]]

{{1960s-Hindi-film-stub}}

Dus Numbri

2026-03-03T23:36:30Z

Wavage786: slightly correct details per standard format also and added references

{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}
{{more citations needed|date=March 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Dus Numbri
| image = Dus Numbri.jpg
| caption = Poster
| director = Madan Mohla
| producer = Madan Mohla
| writer = [[Dhruva Chatterjee]] [[S. Ali Raza]]
| narrator =
| starring = [[Manoj Kumar]] [[Hema Malini]] [[Pran (actor)|Pran]] [[Bindu (actress)|Bindu]] [[Prem Nath]] [[Kamini Kaushal]]
| music = [[Laxmikant–Pyarelal]]
| cinematography = Rajan Kinagi Madan Sinha
| editing = Lachhmandass
| studio =
| distributor =
| released = {{Film date|1976}}
| runtime =
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| budget =
| gross =
}}

'''Dus Numbri''' ({{Translation|Of the number 10}}){{Efn|Dus Numbri refers to a person whose record is maintained in the No. 10 register prescribed under the rules made under the Police Act, 1861. Such person (a habitual notorious criminal or recidivist) is required by law to report at regular intervals to the local police station.|name=|group=}} is a 1976 Indian [[Hindi]]-language film. Produced and directed by Madan Mohla, and written by [[S. Ali Raza]] and [[Dhruva Chatterjee]], it stars [[Manoj Kumar]], [[Hema Malini]], [[Pran (actor)|Pran]], [[Premnath]], [[Bindu (actress)|Bindu]], [[Kamini Kaushal]] and [[Om Shivpuri]]. The music is by [[Laxmikant Pyarelal]]. The film was later remade into the [[Telugu language|Telugu]] film ''[[KD No:1]]'' (1978).<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.cinegoer.com/tsb/kdno1.htm |title=CineGoer.com – The Story In Brief – KD No. 1 |access-date=29 April 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070807083038/http://www.cinegoer.com/tsb/kdno1.htm |archive-date=7 August 2007 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

The film was the top hit of 1976.<ref>[http://boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=182&catName=MTk3Ng== BoxOffice India.com] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131020100250/http://www.boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=182&catName=MTk3Ng== |date=20 October 2013 }}</ref> The film ranked #9 for the 1970s decade<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=124&catName=MTk3MC0xOTc5&PHPSESSID=cc780c669b725f7e7d3c154f3803abdb |title=BoxOffice India.com |access-date=29 April 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080516234624/http://www.boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=124&catName=MTk3MC0xOTc5&PHPSESSID=5c169f7c4cfca85d7e353d3597d7175c |archive-date=16 May 2008 |url-status=dead }}</ref> and is also ranked #47 of all-time hits<ref>[http://boxofficeindia.com/cpages.php?pageName=all_time_earners BoxOffice India.com] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090303150414/http://www.boxofficeindia.com/cpages.php?pageName=all_time_earners |date=3 March 2009 }}</ref>

==Plot==
Inspector Shiv Nath is an honest and diligent police officer in Bombay, and lives with his wife, Radha, and a young son, Arjun. While making several arrests in connection with counterfeit money and drugs, he discovers that his close friend, Karamchand is also involved in this racket. Before he could take any action, he himself is arrested by the police for possession of counterfeit money and drugs, and sentenced to a jail term, but he escapes. Radha loses her mind and is institutionalized, while Arjun takes to petty crime and on reaching adulthood is the Don of the area known and feared as "Dus Numbri". He meets with and falls in love with a petty thief and card-sharp, Rosemary Fernandes. When Radha accidentally meets with Rosemary, she thinks it is Sundari, Karamchand's wife, and then Radha starts to regain her sanity. But not for long, as Arjun, Radha, and Rosemary become enmeshed in a dangerous plot.

==Cast==
* [[Manoj Kumar]] ... Arjun
* [[Hema Malini]] ... Sundari / Rosemary Fernandes / Anupamaa
* [[Prem Nath]] ... Inspector Jaichan
* [[Pran (actor)|Pran]] ... Hawaldar Karan Singh Badshah / CBI Officer Karan Singh
* [[Bindu (actress)|Bindu]] ... CBI Officer Roopa Sharma / Dilruba Dilli Wali
* [[Kamini Kaushal]] ... Radha
* [[Om Shivpuri]] ... Karamchand
* [[David Abraham Cheulkar|David Abraham]] ... Pascal (as David)
* [[Imtiaz Khan]] ... Veeru (as Imtiaz)
* Sajjan
* [[Abhi Bhattacharya]] as Inspector Shivnath: Radha's husband; Arjun's father
* Shyam Kumar
* Rammohan Sharma as Police Inspector
* Shivraj ... Psychiatrist
* Kumud Tripathi
* Rajan Haksar ... Jhangi
* Madhup Sharma
* Dev Kishan
* Hercules
* Rajan Kapoor
* V. Gopal
* Azad
* Pahelwan ... (as Pehlwan)
* C.S. Dubey
* Kamaldeep
* Keshav Rana
* Kamal
* Rajni Bala ... Dancer (Mujhe dard lagta...) (as Rajnibala)
* Raju Shrestha ... (as Master Raju)
* Kuljeet ... Truck-driver (Veeru's partner)
* Usha Thakur

==Soundtrack==
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;"
! # !! Title !! Singer(s)
|-
| 1
| "Dilruba Dilliwali"
| [[Mukesh (singer)|Mukesh]], [[Manna Dey]], [[Asha Bhosle]]
|-
| 2
| "Mujhe Dard Rahta Hai"
| Mukesh, [[Lata Mangeshkar]]
|-
| 3
| "Na Tum Ho Yaar Aloo"
| Mukesh, Manna Dey
|-
| 4
| "Prem Ka Rog Bada Bura"
| Lata Mangeshkar
|-
| 5
| "Tune Meri Jaan Bada Kam Kiya"
| Lata Mangeshkar
|-
| 6
| "Yeh Duniya Ek Numbri"
| Mukesh
|}

== Notes ==
{{notelist}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|id=0359135}}

[[Category:1976 films]]
[[Category:1976 Hindi-language films]]
[[Category:1976 Indian films]]
[[Category:Films about counterfeit money]]
[[Category:Films scored by Laxmikant–Pyarelal]]
[[Category:Hindi films remade in other languages]]

{{1970s-Hindi-film-stub}}

Love Is Poison

2026-03-03T21:27:59Z

Wavage786: fixes

{{For|the song|Love Is Poison (song)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2017}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Love is Poison
| image = Love is Poison.jpg
| caption = theatre poster
| director = Nandan Prabhu
| writer = Nandan Prabhu
| producer = K Somashekar
| starring = Balle Rajesh Shruthi Raj
| music = Sai Kiran
| cinematography = Veenus Murthy
| editing = E S Eshwar
| studio = Akash Enterprises
| released = {{film date|df=yes|2014|06|20|ref1=<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/drishya-typical-kailas-and-love-is-poison-on-june-20/articleshow/36748929.cms|title=Drishya, Typical Kailas and Love is Poison on June 20|work=[[The Times of India]]|date=18 June 2014|access-date=13 October 2022|archive-date=11 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200911050154/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/Drishya-Typical-Kailas-and-Love-is-Poison-on-June-20/articleshow/36748929.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>}}
| runtime = 132 min
| language = Kannada
| country = [[India]]
}}

'''''Love Is Poison''''' is a 2014 Indian [[Kannada]]-language [[drama film]] directed by Nandan Prabhu starring Balley Rajesh and Shruthi Raj in the lead roles.

== Summary ==
The film is a story about today's youth that take impulsive decisions. In the film, the protagonist is a boy from a village, who comes to the city and falls in love with the heroine.<ref>{{cite web|title=Real-life twist to reel drama in Love is Poison|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/real-life-twist-to-reel-drama-in-love-is-poison/articleshow/32360491.cms|website=[[The Times of India]]|date=25 March 2014|last=Joy|first=Prathibha|accessdate=|archive-date=14 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221014082430/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/real-life-twist-to-reel-drama-in-love-is-poison/articleshow/32360491.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>

== Cast ==
* Rajesh
* Shruti Raj
* [[Sadhu Kokila]]
* [[Bullet Prakash]]
* Nagamagala Jayaram
* Doohi
* Chandru
* Biradar
* [[Honnavalli Krishna]]
* [[Poonam Pandey]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bollywoodlife.com/news-gossip/poonam-pandey-bags-rs-5-crore-for-an-item-song-oh-really/|title=Poonam Pandey bags Rs 5 crore for an item song - oh, really?|date=25 November 2013|access-date=12 October 2018|archive-date=31 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190331004635/https://www.bollywoodlife.com/news-gossip/poonam-pandey-bags-rs-5-crore-for-an-item-song-oh-really/|url-status=live}}</ref>

== Production ==
The film was in the news for featuring an item number with Bollywood actress [[Poonam Pandey]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/report/slide-show-1-pix-poonam-pandeys-sizzling-hot-kannada-debut/20131014.htm|title=PIX: Poonam Pandey's SIZZLING HOT Kannada debut|date=14 October 2013|work=[[Rediff.com]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/content/363803/i-danced-continuously-26-hours.html|title='I danced continuously for 26 hours'|last=C. George|first=Nina|work=[[Deccan Herald]]|date=19 October 2013|access-date=13 October 2022|archive-date=14 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221014082350/https://www.deccanherald.com/content/363803/i-danced-continuously-26-hours.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/mail-today/story/poonam-bags-an-item-bomb-212555-2013-09-27|title=Poonam bags an item bomb, gets Rs 60 lakh for three-day shoot|date=28 September 2013|last=Dev|first=Vanu|work=[[India Today]]|access-date=13 October 2022|archive-date=14 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221014082348/https://www.indiatoday.in/mail-today/story/poonam-bags-an-item-bomb-212555-2013-09-27|url-status=live}}</ref> The film also received media attention when actor "Jungle Jackie" Rajesh died during the shooting of this film.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/state/jungle-jackie-falls-to-death-in-mysore-356585.html|title='Jungle Jackie' falls to death in Mysore|date=4 December 2013|work=[[Deccan Herald]]|access-date=13 October 2022|archive-date=14 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221014082412/https://www.deccanherald.com/state/jungle-jackie-falls-to-death-in-mysore-356585.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Soundtrack==
The music was composed by Sai Kiran and released under the label of [[Anand Audio]] video. The audio launch was held in tribute to Balle Rajesh.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/content/374182/tribute-young-actor.html|title=Tribute to a young actor|date=12 December 2013|work=[[Deccan Herald]]|access-date=13 October 2022|archive-date=14 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221014082350/https://www.deccanherald.com/content/374182/tribute-young-actor.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

{{Infobox album
| name = Love is Poison
| type = Soundtrack
| artist = Sai Kiran
| cover =
| alt =
| released = Dec 11, 2013
| recorded = 2013
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = Soundtrack
| length = 21:01
| label = [[Anand Audio]] Video
| producer = Sai Kiran
}}

{{track listing
| headline = Track list
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| total_length = 21:01
| title1 = E Khali Hrudaya
| extra1 = [[Sonu Nigam]]
| lyrics1 = Ravi Shankarnag
| length1 = 4:28
| title2 = Kanna Munde
| lyrics2 = Kaviraj
| extra2 = [[Tippu (singer)|Tippu]]
| length2 = 4:26
| title3 = Yako Kaane Dinaa
| extra3 = [[Palak Muchhal]], Love Guru Rajesh
| lyrics3 = Panakanahalli Prasanna
| length3 = 4:02
| title4 = Shyane Ishta Criketu
| extra4 = [[Mamta Sharma]]
| lyrics4 = V. Nagendra Prasad
| length4 = 4:03
| title5 = Dhyaniyagiruve
| extra5 = [[Palak Muchhal]]
| lyrics5 = Panakanahalli Prasanna
| length5 = 4:02

}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|14090374}}

[[Category:2014 films]]
[[Category:2014 Kannada-language films]]
[[Category:2014 Indian films]]
[[Category:Indian drama films]]

{{2010s-Kannada-film-stub}}

Hathya

2026-03-03T09:09:26Z

Wavage786: Creating New Info!

{{Short description|2025 Indian Telugu-language film by Srividya Basawa}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2025}}
{{Infobox film
| image = Hathya poster.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = Srividya Basawa
| writer = Srividya Basawa
| screenplay =
| story =
| producer = S Prashanth Reddy
| starring = {{plain list|
* [[Dhanya Balakrishna]]
* [[Ravi Varma (East Godavari actor)|Ravi Varma]]
* [[Pooja Ramachandran]]
* Bindu Chandramouli
* [[Srikanth Iyengar]]
}}
| cinematography = Abhiraj Rajendran Nair
| editing = Anil Kumar P
| music = Naresh Kumaran P
| studio = Mahaakaal Pictures
| distributor =
| released = {{Film date|2025|1|24|df=y}}
| runtime = 148 minutes<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hathya |url=https://cbfcindia.gov.in/cbfcAdmin/search-result.php?recid=MDMwNzI3MTIyMDI0MDAwMTE= |website=Central Board of Film Certification}}</ref>
| country = India
| language = Telugu
| budget =
| gross =
}}

'''''Hathya''''' is a 2025 Indian [[Telugu language|Telugu]]-language [[Political film|political]] [[Crime film|crime]] [[Thriller film|thriller]] film written and directed by Srividya Basawa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-01-24 |title=Hathya Movie: హత్య మూవీ రివ్యూ.. సినిమా ఎలా ఉందంటే? |url=https://telugu.news18.com/news/movies/dhanya-balakrishna-hathya-movie-review-bh-2698767.html |access-date=2025-02-03 |website=telugu.news18.com |language=te}}</ref> The film features [[Dhanya Balakrishna]], [[Ravi Varma (East Godavari actor)|Ravi Varma]], [[Pooja Ramachandran]], Bindu Chandramouli and [[Srikanth Iyengar]] in important roles.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Harsh |first=B. H. |date=2025-01-20 |title=Dhanya Balakrishna: Action is not necessary for mass moments |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/telugu/news/2025/Jan/20/dhanya-balakrishna-action-is-not-necessary-for-mass-moments |access-date=2025-02-03 |website=Cinema Express |language=en |archive-date=21 January 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250121114020/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/telugu/news/2025/Jan/20/dhanya-balakrishna-action-is-not-necessary-for-mass-moments |url-status=live }}</ref>

The film was released on 24 January 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sistu |first=Suhas |date=2025-01-20 |title=Thrilling investigative drama 'Hatya' set for grand release on Jan 24 |url=https://www.thehansindia.com/cinema/thrilling-investigative-drama-hatya-set-for-grand-release-on-jan-24-938375 |access-date=2025-02-03 |website=www.thehansindia.com |language=en |archive-date=21 January 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250121121540/https://www.thehansindia.com/cinema/thrilling-investigative-drama-hatya-set-for-grand-release-on-jan-24-938375 |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Plot ==
"Hathya" is a 2025 Telugu-language political crime thriller film written and directed by Srividya Basawa. The movie is loosely based on the real-life murder of [[YS Vivekananda Reddy]], a popular politician in [[Andhra Pradesh]].

The story revolves around the investigation of the murder of Dayananda Reddy (played by Ravi Varma), a powerful politician. The Chief Minister assigns a top cop, Sudha Rao (played by Dhanya Balakrishna), to uncover the truth behind the murder. As Sudha delves deeper into the case, she faces obstacles and uncovers a complex web of deceit.

==Cast==
* [[Dhanya Balakrishna]] as Sudha Rao
* [[Ravi Varma (East Godavari actor)|Ravi Varma]] as V S Dayananda Reddy

* [[Pooja Ramachandran]] as Shaheen
* Bindu Chandramouli as Anitha
* [[Srikanth Iyengar]]
* Raghunath Raju
* [[Sivaji Raja]]
* [[Bharath Reddy (actor)|Bharath Reddy]] as V S Jeevan Reddy

* Jay Chandra
* Venkatesh Prasad as Sheik Das

== Release and reception ==
''Hathya'' was released on 24 January 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Harsh |first=B. H. |date=2025-01-18 |title=Hathya trailer: A determined cop attempts to unravel a political murder case against many barriers |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/telugu/news/2025/Jan/18/hathya-trailer-a-determined-cop-attempts-to-unravel-a-political-murder-case-against-many-barriers |access-date=2025-02-03 |website=Cinema Express |language=en |archive-date=18 January 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250118165808/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/telugu/news/2025/Jan/18/hathya-trailer-a-determined-cop-attempts-to-unravel-a-political-murder-case-against-many-barriers |url-status=live }}</ref> It was released on [[Amazon Prime Video]] on 12 March 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-03-12 |title=Hathya OTT Release: Watch This A-Rated Telugu Crime Thriller In Tamil And Malayalam Only On... |url=https://www.thedailyjagran.com/entertainment/hathya-ott-release-watch-this-a-rated-telugu-crime-thriller-in-tamil-and-malayalam-only-on-prime-video-10223373 |access-date=2025-03-26 |website=English Jagran |language=en}}</ref>

Sowmya Sangam of ''[[The Hans India]]'' wrote that "The performances, direction, and narrative structure make it a noteworthy addition to the genre".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sangam |first=Sowmya |date=2025-01-24 |title=Hatya Movie Review: A Political Crime Thriller That Keeps You Hooked |url=https://www.thehansindia.com/cinema/tollywood/hatya-movie-review-a-political-crime-thriller-that-keeps-you-hooked-939620 |access-date=2025-02-03 |website=www.thehansindia.com |language=en}}</ref> Avad Mohammad of ''[[OTTPlay]]'' gave a rating of 2.5 out of 5 and wrote, "Despite the lack of a strong supporting cast and a slightly prolonged narrative, the suspenseful storyline and engaging moments make it worth a watch".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hatya Movie Review: A passable murder mystery with an interesting backdrop |url=https://www.ottplay.com/review/hatya-movie-review-a-passable-murder-mystery-with-an-interesting-backdrop/1e46276545786 |access-date=2025-02-03 |website=OTTPlay |language=en |archive-date=24 January 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250124105617/https://www.ottplay.com/review/hatya-movie-review-a-passable-murder-mystery-with-an-interesting-backdrop/1e46276545786 |url-status=live }}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
*{{IMDb title|id=31729526|title=Hathya}}
[[Category:2025 Telugu-language films]]
[[Category:2025 Indian films]]
[[Category:2025 films]]
[[Category:Films set in Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Fictional portrayals of the Andhra Pradesh Police]]
[[Category:Indian political thriller films]]
[[Category:Indian crime thriller films]]
[[Category:2020s political thriller films]]
[[Category:2025 crime thriller films]]

Journey Bombay to Goa

2026-03-03T03:15:04Z

Wavage786: Creating New Entry!

{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2017}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Journey Bombay To Goa
| image = Bombay_to_Goa_(2007_film).jpg
| director = Raj Pendurkar
| producer = Humayu Rangilla
| starring =
[[Sunil Pal]] 
[[Asrani]] [[Dinesh Hingoo]] [[Jagdeep]] [[Anirudh agrawal|Anirudh Agarwal]] Jr. Mehmood [[Mac Mohan]] [[Navin Prabhakar]] [[Paintal (comedian)|Paintal]] [[Ahsaan Qureshi]] [[Aasif Sheikh]] [[Raju Shrivastava]] [[Sanjay Mishra (actor)|Sanjay Mishra]] [[Shakti Kapoor]] [[Tinu Anand]] [[Vijay Raaz]] [[Viju Khote]]
| music = Nitin Shankar
| distributor = [[Eros Entertainment]]
| released = {{Film date|2007|7|6|df=y}}
| runtime =
| country = India
| language = [[Hindi language|Hindi]]
| budget =
| gross =
}}

'''''Bombay To Goa''''', also known as '''''Journey Bombay to Goa: Laughter Unlimited, is''''' a 2007 Indian [[Hindi]]-language film. It stars Indian comedians [[Sunil Pal]], [[Aasif Sheikh]], [[Raju Srivastava]], [[Ahsaan Qureshi]], and comic actors [[Vijay Raaz]], [[Asrani]] and [[Tinnu Anand]] among others. The film was reportedly financed by Amit Kumar who was arrested for running an illegal [[kidney sale]] operation.<ref>{{cite news |title=Mumbai police to seek kidney racket kingpin's custody |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/mumbai-police-to-seek-kidney-racket-kingpins-custody/articleshow/2768111.cms?from=mdr |accessdate=3 April 2020 |work=The Economic Times |date=8 February 2008}}</ref>

==Plot==
The film revolves around two people. Lal is an ambitious guy who wants to start his own business and make it big in life. Das is a loudmouth and a very arrogant person. The two manage to get hold of 5100 rupees, and they open a [[vada pav]] centre. As luck would have it, Lal wins Rs. 2 lakhs in a contest. The duo plans to start a travel agency. Since they do not have enough money to buy a vehicle, they use spare parts of old cars to create a bus. Trusting Das to come up with a good make of a bus, he blindly hands over the prize money to him. Lal manages to get passengers for their first ride. But when their bus arrives, all hell breaks loose with people demanding their money back. But when the passengers are forced to ride in it, it creates a unique experience for them.

The group finds a dying thief, and he tells them about a hidden prize with a map. They tear the map, and everyone keeps a piece to work together. However, greed leads to a rat race, but they somehow manage to find gold under a statue, which they pull down, but the gold is seized by the police. After the police are off with the gold, the passengers as well as the bus owner duo begin to repent their greed and decide to do a "philanthropic" job by fixing the fallen statue. But trying to fix the statue, they manage to break it into pieces. Inside is a pack of diamonds. Lal thanks God for the reward, and everybody gets their share of the diamonds.

==Cast==
{{Cast listing|
* [[Sunil Pal]] as Lal Singh
* [[Raju Srivastav]] as Anthony Gonsalves
* [[Vijay Raaz]] as Dasa
* [[Ehsaan Qureshi]] as Abudul Karim Telgi
* [[Aasif Sheikh]] as Dr. Kushal Bhardwaj
* [[Sudhir Pandey]] as Charandas
* [[Anirudh Agarwal]] as Junglee
* [[Tinu Anand]] as Bibhuti Bhushan Banopadhya
* [[Asrani]] as Post master
* Birbal
* [[Dinesh Hingoo]] as Pakya's Dad
* [[Jagdeep]] as Latif Khekada - Husna's dad
* Banwarhlal Jhol as Dhasrat
* [[Bharat Kapoor]] as Inspector at Dongri Police Chowki
* [[Shakti Kapoor]] as A.C.P Shakti Singh
* [[Mushtaq Khan]] as Radha's dad
* Khayali as Pakya
* [[Viju Khote]] as Patient in wheelchair
* [[Sanjay Mishra (actor)|Sanjay Mishra]] as Bengali Sardar
* [[Nafisa]] as Lajjo V. Kutti
* [[Paintal (comedian)|Paintal]]
* [[Navin Prabhakar]]
* Deepak Raja as Aditya Chopra
* [[Ranjeet]] as Colonel
* Rakheee as Deepa V. Kutti
* Sheela Sharma as Pakya's Mom
* [[Deepak Shirke]] as Vishwavaram Kunmali Kutti Kutti Kutti / Vetti Kutti Anna
* [[Mac Mohan]] as Harley Davidson
* [[Sana Khan]] as an [[item number]]
}}

==Production==
''Bombay to Goa'' is the directorial debut for Raj Pendurkar, who said about the film that it is an out-and-out comedy film with "nothing different", calling it "very basic. It is about regular people, normal people. And we are trying to get humour out of them."<ref>{{cite news |title='If you are tired and depressed then you should go and watch Bombay to Goa' - Raj Pendurkar |url=https://web.archihttp://www.indiafm.com/features/2007/03/28/2452/index.html |access-date=30 July 2021 |work=[[Bollywood Hungama|IndiaFM]] |date=28 March 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080316064515/http://www.indiafm.com/features/2007/03/28/2452/index.html |archive-date=16 March 2008}}</ref> Pendurkar said the film is not a remake of the [[Bombay to Goa (1972 film)|1972 film of the same name]]. His cast included several stars from Indian television, and the film was shot in [[Goa]], among other places, in 2006.<ref>{{cite news |title=On the sets of Bombay to Goa: Sunil Pal, Ehsaan Qureshi and Raju Srivastava in this comedy flick that's not a remake of the yesteryear laugh-riot |url=http://www.indiafm.com/features/2006/05/08/1199/index.html |access-date=30 July 2021 |work=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |date=8 March 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080316064507/http://www.indiafm.com/features/2006/05/08/1199/index.html |archive-date=16 March 2008}}</ref>

==Soundtrack==
The music was composed by Nitin Shankar, and Ravi Meet, and lyrics were written by [[Shabbir Ahmed (lyricist)|Shabbir Ahmed]].<ref name="Swar">{{cite book |last1=Arunachalam |first1=Param |title=BollySwar: 2001 - 2010 |date=2019 |publisher=Mavrix Infotech Private Limited |isbn=978-81-938482-0-3 |page=742 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UNvyDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT1387 |language=en}}</ref> The soundtrack was released by [[Eros Music]].

{{Infobox album
| name = Bombay to Goa
| type = Soundtrack
| artist = Nitin Shankar Ravi Meet
| cover =
| alt =
| released = February 2007
| recorded = 2007
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = [[Soundtrack]]
| length = 32:16
| label = [[Eros International|Eros Music]]
| producer = Nitin Shankar Ravi Meet
}}

{{tracklist
| headline = Track list
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| total_length = 32:16
| title1 = Laaj Sharam
| extra1 = Shehla Burney
| music1 = Ravi Meet
| length1 = 6:31
| title2 = Bombay To Goa (Female)
| extra2 = Shehla Burney
| music2 = Nitin Shankar
| length2 = 5:57
| title3 = Lawani
| music3 = Ravi Meet
| extra3 = [[Sonu Kakkar]]
| length3 = 4:31
| title4 = Let's Enjoy
| extra4 = [[Zubeen Garg]]
| music4 = Nitin Shankar
| length4 = 3:59
| title5 = Bombay To Goa (Male)
| extra5 = [[Bappi Lahiri]]
| music5 = Nitin Shankar
| length5 = 5:57
| title6 = Kamjarf
| music6 = Ravi Meet
| extra6 = Shehla Burney, [[Shabab Sabri]]
| length6 = 5:21
}}

==Release and reception==
The film was lambasted by critics.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Mirani |first1=Vinod |title=Movies: Bollywood box-office report |url=http://specials.rediff.com/movies/2007/jul/09box.htm |access-date=30 July 2021 |work=[[Rediff]] |date=10 July 2007}}</ref> ''[[The Tribune (Chandigarh)|The Tribune]]'' gave the film a mixed review, saying it is "overall a fair attempt, but the length of the movie could go against it".<ref>{{cite news |last1=Pal |first1=Dharam |title=Bombay to Goa |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/2007/20070708/ttlife1.htm |access-date=30 July 2021 |work=[[The Tribune (Chandigarh)|The Tribune]] |date=8 July 2007}}</ref> [[Taran Adarsh]] of [[Bollywood Hungama]] gave the film 2 out of 5 stars, calling it "a fair attempt that may appeal to those with an appetite for comic capers".<ref>{{cite news |last1=Adarsh |first1=Taran |author1-link=Taran Adarsh |title=Movie Review : Bombay To Goa |url=http://indiafm.com/movies/review/12882/index.html |access-date=30 July 2021 |work=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |date=6 July 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070710040922/http://indiafm.com/movies/review/12882/index.html |archive-date=10 July 2007}}</ref> ''[[The Times of India]]'' was particularly critical of the film, labelling it "a monumental waste" and dismissing the humour as "completely flat".<ref>{{cite news |title=Bombay to Goa |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/Bombay_to_Goa/articleshow/2193224.cms |access-date=30 July 2021 |work=[[The Times of India]] |publisher=[[The Times Group]] |date=7 July 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070714025525/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/Bombay_to_Goa/articleshow/2193224.cms |archive-date=14 July 2007}}</ref> Shubhra Gupta of ''[[The Indian Express]]'' panned the film, concluding, "Even in terms of low-grade comedy, this is scraping the bottom of the barrel. We left within thirty minutes."<ref>{{cite news |last1=Gupta |first1=Shubhra |title=Bombay To Goa |url=http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/bombay-to-goa/204144/ |access-date=30 July 2021 |work=[[The Indian Express]] |publisher=Express Group |date=1 November 2007}}</ref>

In retrospect, ''[[DNA India]]'' listed it one of the "disastrous road films" made during the 2000s.<ref>{{cite news |title=5 disastrous road films that Bollywood churned out in the new millennia |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-5-disastrous-road-films-that-bollywood-churned-out-in-the-new-millennia-2139870 |access-date=30 July 2021 |work=[[DNA India]] |date=29 October 2015 |language=en}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{official website|http://bombaytogoa.erosentertainment.com|Bombay TO Goa (2007 film), Official website}}
* {{IMDb title|1083988}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20081220174008/http://ondemand.erosentertainment.com/product/online-movies-info.asp?ID=S126&Title=Bombay_To_Goa_-_New&mainpg=Movie&secpg=View_All ''Bombay To Goa - New''] at Eros Entertainment.com

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bombay To Goa (2007 Film)}}
[[Category:2000s comedy road movies]]
[[Category:Indian comedy road movies]]
[[Category:2007 Hindi-language films]]
[[Category:2007 comedy films]]
[[Category:2007 films]]

Raaz 3: The Third Dimension

2026-03-02T10:00:17Z

Wavage786: expand citations after review and cleaned formatting

{{EngvarB|date=September 2013}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2022}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Raaz 3: The Third Dimension
| image = Raaz_3d_movie_poster.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[Vikram Bhatt]]
| producer = [[Mahesh Bhatt]] '''(Presenter)''' [[Mukesh Bhatt]]
| cinematography = [[Pravin Bhatt]] '''3D Stereographer''' Michael Flax
| writer = [[Shagufta Rafique]]
| narrator = [[Emraan Hashmi]]
| editing = Kuldip K. Mehan
| music = '''Original Songs:''' [[Jeet Gannguli]] [[Rashid Khan (music director)|Rashid Khan]] '''Background Score:''' Raju Singh
| starring = [[Bipasha Basu]] [[Emraan Hashmi]] [[Esha Gupta]]
| studio = [[Vishesh Films]]
| distributor = [[Zee Cinema]]
| released = {{Film date|2012|09|07|df=y}}<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/Entertainment/Bollywood/7-Bollywood-sequels-to-come-back-in-2012/Article1-893111.aspx |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120722133331/http://www.hindustantimes.com/Entertainment/Bollywood/7-Bollywood-sequels-to-come-back-in-2012/Article1-893111.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-date=22 July 2012 |title=7 Bollywood sequels to come back in 2012 |author=Roshmila Bhattacharya |newspaper=Hindustan Times |location=Mumbai |date=21 July 2012 |access-date=26 July 2012}}</ref>
| runtime = 139 minutes
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| budget = ₹25 crore
| gross = {{INR|101.1 crore}}<ref>https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/raaz-3-2/box-office/</ref>
}}

'''''Raaz 3: The Third Dimension''''' is a 2012 Indian Hindi-language [[supernatural horror film]] directed by [[Vikram Bhatt]], and co-produced by [[Mahesh Bhatt]] and [[Mukesh Bhatt]].<ref name=Look>{{cite news|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/Entertainment/Bollywood/FIRST-LOOK-Hot-Bipasha-Basu-in-Raaz-3/Article1-895618.aspx |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120727005045/http://www.hindustantimes.com/Entertainment/Bollywood/FIRST-LOOK-Hot-Bipasha-Basu-in-Raaz-3/Article1-895618.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-date=27 July 2012 |title=FIRST LOOK: Hot Bipasha Basu in Raaz 3 |author=Kavita Awaasthi |newspaper=[[Hindustan Times]] |location=Mumbai |date=25 July 2012 |access-date=26 July 2012}}</ref> The film stars [[Bipasha Basu]] as the lead and antagonist, along with [[Emraan Hashmi]] and [[Esha Gupta]] as main characters. The film is the third instalment in the ''[[Raaz (film series)|Raaz series]]''. Bipasha Basu, who was a part of the first film of the ''Raaz'' series, made a comeback to the series after opting out of the second film. The film revolves around an actress (Shanaya Shekhar) played by Basu, who was once on top of everyone before becoming someone slowly fading away; therefore, to keep her spotlight, she turns to black magic to destroy the career and personal life of a rival actress (Sanjana Krishna), played by Gupta. In the process of her evil desires, she loses her lover (Aditya Arora), played by Hashmi.

==Plot==
Shanaya Shekhar is an influential Bollywood actress who has been romantically linked to famous Bollywood film director Aditya Arora. Her career started to take a drastic toll when a debutant actress named Sanjana Krishna received accolades and appreciation for her work. Suddenly, Shanaya seems forgotten, and everybody only wants to work with Sanjana. Soon enough, Shanaya sees her career fading away, and her envy slowly turns into madness. She turns to black magic and makes it her medium to destroy Sanjana's career and make her feel the pain of loss.

She seeks the help of her former servant, Sonu, a tantrik who helps her practice black magic and calls upon a black magician named Tara Dutt. She asks him to destroy Sanjana's life and career. Tara agrees to help haunt and torture Sanjana until she becomes suicidal. He asks Shanaya to give Sanjana a black poison through a person she trusts. Shanaya convinces Aditya to do it for her. Although reluctant at first, Aditya agrees due to his love for Shanaya, but soon he realizes that what he's doing is immoral.

Aditya, whose sympathy for Sanjana has now turned into love, leaves Shanaya and refuses to listen to her anymore. To end Aditya's and Sanjana's relationship, Shanaya hatches a plan by befriending Sanjana to poison her, which makes Aditya suspicious. At a movie premiere, Shanaya reveals that she actually dripped a black magic spell on the chocolates she gave to Sanjana earlier. In the bathroom, Sanjana is attacked by a swarm of [[cockroach]]es, which is really a hallucination due to the black magic of the chocolates given by Shanaya. This causes Sanjana to remove her dress and run back to the party, thus exposing her nudity to the paparazzi and the people there. The public wrongly believes this to be a deliberate [[publicity stunt]] of hers, causing her career to be on the verge of being ruined. Aditya takes her to a hospital and finds out that Shanaya is behind it. Enraged, Aditya visits Shanaya's house and damages her possessions, taking away the last bit of the poisonous water.

Agitated, Shanaya seeks Tara Dutt's help again, wanting to kill Sanjana once and for all. Tara Dutt tells Shanaya that life and death are in God's hands and that to fight God, he'll need her life force. He tells Shanaya that she has to have sex with him to enable Tara to become powerful enough to fight God, to which Shanaya agrees. At the hospital, with the help of the doctor and a priest, Aditya goes into the spirit world to fight Tara Dutt. A hard fight ensues, and Aditya defeats Tara Dutt, rescuing Sanjana's soul in the process. Back in the real world, Shanaya suffers physical damage as a result of the fight between Tara Dutt and Aditya and attempts to kill Aditya and Sanjana, only to meet failure. Aditya protects Sanjana from the defeated Shanaya, who vows that she will forever remain a star and commits suicide by pouring acid on her head. Later, the media lets Sanjana off the hook as they conclude her 'publicity stunt' was a result of a [[nervous breakdown]] she had due to stress.

==Cast==
* [[Bipasha Basu]] as Shanaya Shekhar, the main antagonist
* [[Emraan Hashmi]] as Aditya Arora, the main protagonist
* [[Esha Gupta]] as Sanjana Krishna
* [[Manish Chaudhari]] as Tara Dutt / (Evil Ghost)
* [[Mohan Kapoor]] as Doctor

==Production==

===Filming===
The film began shooting on 29 January 2012, director [[Vikram Bhatt]] explained how confident he is that the film should be completed sometime in Summer 2012 and that ''Raaz 3'' is amongst his most important films.

==Promotion==

===Trailer launch===
The ''Raaz 3'' trailer was originally scheduled to be attached with the prints of [[Rohit Shetty]]'s ''[[Bol Bachchan]]'' on 6 July 2012. However, it was delayed multiple times due to censoring. The theatrical trailer was officially launched on 30 July 2012 for the media, as confirmed by actress Bipasha Basu. Despite being widely speculated that it would be released to the public also, this was proven false. Later, the theatrical trailer was unveiled for the public as it was released online a day later on 31 July 2012. The theatrical trailer will also be in theatres on 3 August 2012 with [[Pooja Bhatt]]'s ''[[Jism 2]]'', as they are both under the [[Vishesh Films]] banner.

===Marketing===
''Raaz 3'' was promoted on the Sony TV show ''[[C.I.D. (India TV series)|C.I.D.]]'' Bipasha Basu and Esha Gupta promoted the film by making an appearance on a special episode of ''CID'', which aired on 2 September 2012.<ref>{{cite web|author=Koimoi.com Team |url=http://www.koimoi.com/photos/bipasha-basu-and-esha-gupta-promote-raaz-3-movie-on-the-sets-of-cid/ |title=Bipasha Basu And Esha Gupta Promote Raaz 3 Movie on the Sets of CID |date=29 August 2012 |publisher=Koimoi.com |access-date=24 October 2012}}</ref>

Although, the film was originally planned to be released on 31 August 2012 alongside ''[[Barfi!]]'' and ''[[Joker (2012 film)|Joker]]'', it was later delayed to avoid clashing with any other big film. Raaz 3 was banned for release in [[United Arab Emirates|UAE]], although is being kept under review for the adult content included in the film.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/Entertainment/Bollywood/Raaz-3-not-banned-but-under-review-for-adult-content-in-UAE/Article1-926970.aspx |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120910125517/http://www.hindustantimes.com/Entertainment/Bollywood/Raaz-3-not-banned-but-under-review-for-adult-content-in-UAE/Article1-926970.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-date=10 September 2012 |title=Raaz 3 not banned but under review for adult content in UAE |newspaper=Hindustan Times |date=9 September 2012 |access-date=24 October 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://movies.ndtv.com/movie_story.aspx?section=Movies&Id=264641&keyword=bollywood&subcatg=MOVIESINDIA&nid=264641 |title=Raaz 3 will not be released in United Arab Emirates |publisher=Movies.ndtv.com |date=8 September 2012 |access-date=24 October 2012}}</ref>

==Soundtrack==
{{Infobox album
| name = Raaz 3
| type = Soundtrack
| artist = [[Jeet Ganguly]] & [[Rashid Khan (musician)|Rashid Khan]]
| cover =
| alt =
| released = 4 August 2012
| recorded = 2011–2012
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = [[Soundtrack|Feature film soundtrack]], [[Music of India|Indian conventional music]], [[soft rock]], [[sufi music]], [[Music of Gujarat|Gujarati folk]], [[Music of Punjab|punjabi folk]], [[qawwali]]
| length = {{Duration|m=27|s=03}}
| language = [[Hindi]]
| label = [[T-Series (company)|T-Series]]
| producer = Jeet Ganguly, Rashid Khan
| chronology = Jeet Gannguli
| prev_title = [[Shirin Farhad Ki Toh Nikal Padi]]
| prev_year = 2012
| next_title = [[Aashiqui 2 (soundtrack)|Aashiqui 2]]
| next_year = 2013
}}
The film's music was composed by [[Jeet Gannguli]] and [[Rashid Khan (musician)|Rashid Khan]], while the lyrics were penned by Devendra Singh, Sanjay Masoomm and [[Kumaar]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Raaz 3 : Lyrics and video of Songs from the Movie Raaz 3 (2012)|url=http://www.hindigeetmala.net/movie/raaz_3.htm|website=HindiGeetMala|access-date=18 July 2016}}</ref>

{{Track listing
| headline =
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| total_length = 27:03
| all_writing =
| all_lyrics =
| all_music =
| title1 = Deewana Kar Raha Hai
| note1 =
| writer1 =
| lyrics1 = Devendra Singh
| music1 = Rashid Khan
| extra1 = [[Javed Ali]]
| length1 = 5:38
| title2 = Zindagi Se
| note2 =
| writer2 =
| lyrics2 = Sanjay Masoomm
| music2 = [[Jeet Gannguli]]
| extra2 = [[Shafqat Amanat Ali Khan]]
| length2 = 4:50
| title3 = Rafta Rafta
| note3 =
| writer3 =
| lyrics3 = Sanjay Masoomm
| music3 = Jeet Gannguli
| extra3 = [[KK (singer)|KK]]
| length3 = 4:32
| title4 = Oh My Love
| note4 =
| writer4 =
| lyrics4 = Sanjay Masoomm
| music4 = Jeet Gannguli
| extra4 = [[Sonu Nigam]], [[Shreya Ghoshal]]
| length4 = 4:57
| title5 = Kya Raaz Hai
| note5 =
| writer5 =
| lyrics5 = [[Kumaar]]
| music5 = Jeet Gannguli
| extra5 = Shreya Ghoshal, [[Zubeen Garg]]
| length5 = 3:48
| title6 = Khayalon Mein
| note6 =
| writer6 =
| lyrics6 = Kumaar
| music6 = Jeet Gannguli
| extra6 = Shreya Ghoshal
| length6 = 4:18
}}

==Release==
''Raaz 3'' released in India and overseas on 7 September 2012. The film was released in stereoscopic 3D, Imax 3D and 3D worldwide. ''Raaz 3'' is the biggest release for an Emraan Hashmi film as it released on over 2000 screens in India, including in its 3D format. The film received an Adult Certificate from the Censor Board of India without any cuts.<ref>{{Cite news|date=6 September 2012|title=Mix of horror, thrill in Raaz 3|work=India Today|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/raaz-3-bipasha-basu-emraan-hashmi-esha-gupta-115377-2012-09-06|access-date=11 November 2020}}</ref>

===Critical reception===
The movie received mixed reviews from critics. Critics pointed out that the only saving grace of the movie was Bipasha.
[[Taran Adarsh]] gave it 3.5/5 stars, commenting "If you are an enthusiast of supernatural thrillers/horror movies, RAAZ 3 should be on your list of 'things to do and watch' this weekend. Go, get ready to be spooked!" Bollywood3 awarded it 3.25/5 stars and wrote," On the whole, Raaz 3 is one movie which has everything going its way. Gritty screenplay, awesome songs and mature performances are sure shot plus points. On the other hand it would be interesting to see how family audience, who love watching popcorn entertainment respond to this film. To those who love edge of the seat horror thrillers, Raaz 3 is one film which is highly recommended. Go buy yourself a ticket and experience the thrill in 3D." Madhureeta Mukherjee of [[The Times of India]] gave it 3/5 stars while writing, "For all those who want to move over from the Ramsay Bros... go watch 'Raaz 3' in 3D, at your own risk. But don't take it to your grave." Ananya Bhattacharya of Zee News gave it 3/5 stars and stated that"Watch 'Raaz 3' for Bipasha and its 3D factor."Independent Bollywood gave 3 out of 5 stars and quoted "Some real original scares and chills this time with memorable performances." IBNLive also gave it 3/5 stars calling it a good horror film.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Singh|first=Ritu|date=7 September 2012|title=Tweet Review: 'Raaz 3', first day, first show|work=CNN NEWS18|url=https://www.news18.com/news/india/tweet-review-raaz-3-first-day-first-show-505388.html|access-date=11 November 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=19 July 2018|title=RAAZ 3 REVIEW|url=https://www.bollymoviereviewz.com/2012/09/raaz-3-review-taran-rajeev-komal.html|access-date=11 November 2020|website=Bollymoviereviewz}}</ref>

Subhash K. Jha of IANS gave 2 out of 5 stars saying, "It's Bipasha who holds together the feverish proceedings. She delivers a full-bodied gutsy performance." Udita Jhunjhunwala of businessofcinema.com said, "Bhatt gets the rhythm of the suspense-building wrong, going all too rapidly from grotesque decapitation to a kiss and song scene. It does not help that the acting is also at different levels. Most of the burden to convince rests on Basu's fit shoulders – and she does. You do believe that she is menacing and wicked."
<ref>{{cite news|last=Jhunjhunwala|first=Udita|title=REVIEW: Raaz 3 (3D) – Waste of 3D Technology|url=http://businessofcinema.com/reviews/review-raaz-3-3d-waste-3d-technology/50170|access-date=10 September 2012|newspaper=businessofcinema.com|date=7 September 2012}}</ref>

==Box office==

===India===
''Raaz 3'' took a good opening of around 50% at multiplexes and 65–70% in single screens on average.<ref>{{cite web|title=Raaz 3 Has Good Opening|url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/boxnewsdetail.php?page=shownews&articleid=4871&nCat=|publisher=Box Office India|access-date=7 September 2012}}</ref> The opening at single screens later picked up to an excellent occupancy of 70%–100% over the noon and matinees shows.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://boxofficeindia.com/boxnewsdetail.php?page=shownews&articleid=4872&nCat= |title=Boxofficeindia.com |publisher=Box Office India |date=7 September 2012 |access-date=24 October 2012}}</ref> Raaz 3 went on to collecting approx. {{INRConvert|105.0|m}} on its opening day,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://boxofficeindia.com/boxnewsdetail.php?page=shownews&articleid=4876&nCat= |title=Boxofficeindia.com |publisher=Box Office India |date=8 September 2012 |access-date=24 October 2012}}</ref> thus becoming the sixteenth film ever to cross the {{INRConvert|100|m}} mark on the opening day itself.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/boxnewsdetail.php?page=shownews&articleid=4877&nCat= |title=Boxofficeindia.com |publisher=Box Office India |date=8 September 2012 |access-date=24 October 2012}}</ref> The film then went on to collecting approx. {{INRConvert|112.5|m}} on its second day.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://boxofficeindia.com/boxnewsdetail.php?page=shownews&articleid=4879&nCat= |title=Boxofficeindia.com |publisher=Box Office India |date=9 September 2012 |access-date=24 October 2012}}</ref> The film then collected approx. {{INRConvert|140|m}} on its third day, taking its opening weekend total to {{INRConvert|357.5|m}},<ref>{{cite web |url=http://boxofficeindia.com/boxnewsdetail.php?page=shownews&articleid=4882&nCat= |title=Boxofficeindia.com |publisher=Box Office India |access-date=24 October 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120913192241/http://www.boxofficeindia.com/boxnewsdetail.php?page=shownews&articleid=4882&nCat= |archive-date=13 September 2012 }}</ref> thus making it the sixth biggest weekend grosser of 2012 for a Bollywood release.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://boxofficeindia.com/boxnewsdetail.php?page=shownews&articleid=4883&nCat= |title=Boxofficeindia.com |publisher=Box Office India |access-date=24 October 2012}}</ref> Raaz 3 had a huge first week where it had collected {{INRConvert|516.9|m}}.<ref name="1st week">{{cite web|title=Raaz 3 Week One Territorial Breakdown|url=http://boxofficeindia.com/boxnewsdetail.php?page=shownews&articleid=4901&nCat=|access-date=17 September 2012}}</ref> Raaz 3 collected {{INRConvert|182.5|m}} nett in its second weekend taking its ten-day collection to {{INRConvert|600|m}} nett.<ref name=domestic>{{cite web|title=Raaz 3 Second Weekend Business|url=http://boxofficeindia.com/boxnewsdetail.php?page=shownews&articleid=4903&nCat=|publisher=Box Office India|access-date=17 September 2012}}</ref> It had collected {{INRConvert|134.8|m}} in its second week and {{INRConvert|20.4|m}} in its third week to make a total of {{INRConvert|672.1|m}} domestically.<ref name="2nd week">{{cite web|title=Raaz 3 Week Two Territorial Breakdown|url=http://boxofficeindia.com/boxnewsdetail.php?page=shownews&articleid=4918&nCat=|publisher=Box Office India|access-date=24 September 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Raaz 3 Week Three Territorial Breakdown|url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/boxnewsdetail.php?page=shownews&articleid=4936&nCat=|publisher=Box Office India|access-date=1 October 2011}}</ref> The film ultimately grossed {{INRConvert|674.1|m}} domestically<ref>{{cite web|title=Raja Natwarlal Second Week Business|url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/Details/art_detail/rajanatwarlalsecondweekbusiness#.VBFdN5SSxJk|publisher=Box Office India|access-date=11 September 2014}}</ref> and {{INRConvert|953|m}} worldwide.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Raaz 3|url=https://boxofficeindia.com/movie.php?movieid=1046|access-date=11 November 2020|publisher=Box Office India}}</ref> ''[[Box Office India]]'' declared the film as a "Super Hit".<ref>{{cite web|title=Raaz 3|url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/Movies/movie_detail/raaz_3#.VBFeTJSSxJk|publisher=Box Office India|access-date=11 September 2014|archive-date=11 September 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140911155354/http://www.boxofficeindia.com/Movies/movie_detail/raaz_3#.VBFeTJSSxJk|url-status=dead}}</ref>

===Overseas===
''Raaz 3'' did not do as well overseas, as it approximately collected around US$1 million ({{INR}} 55 million) plus in ten days. The film was not released in the UAE, which has been noted to have hit it hard, as it could have been the film's best International market and added another $250,000 plus in revenue. Raaz 3 was declared average by box office India.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/overdetail.php?page=shownews&articleid=4907&nCat= |title=Boxofficeindia.com |publisher=Box Office India |date=19 September 2012 |access-date=24 October 2012}}</ref><ref name="Raaz3overseas">{{cite news|url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/overdetail.php?page=shownews&articleid=4888&nCat= |title=Raaz 3 Is Poor Overseas|publisher=Box Office India|date=12 September 2012}}</ref>

==Awards and nominations==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Award
! Category
! Recipients and nominees
! Result
! Ref.
|-
|Dainik Bhasker Bollywood Digital Awards
|Antisocial Character of the Year
|[[Bipasha Basu]]
|{{Won}}
|
|-
|Cosmopolitan Fun Fearless Awards
|Best Performance by an Actor in a Negative Role
|[[Bipasha Basu]]
|{{Won}}
|
|-
|Dainik Bhasker Bollywood Digital Awards
|SuperStar of the Year (Female)
|[[Bipasha Basu]]
|{{nom}}
|
|-
|[[Stardust Awards]]
|Best Actress in a Thriller or Action
|[[Bipasha Basu]]
|{{nom}}
|
|-
|[[Star Screen Awards]]
|Best Villain
|[[Bipasha Basu]]
|{{nom}}
|
|-
|[[Star Screen Awards]]
|Best Actress (Popular Choice)
|[[Bipasha Basu]]
|{{nom}}
|
|-
|[[Zee Cine Awards|Zee Cine Award]]
|Best Villain
|[[Bipasha Basu]]
|{{nom}}
|
|-
|[[International Indian Film Academy Awards]]
|Best Performance in a Negative Role
|[[Bipasha Basu]]
|{{nom}}
|
|-
|[[Star Guild Awards]]
|Best Actor in Negative Role
|[[Bipasha Basu]]
|{{nom}}
|
|-
|[[BIG Star Entertainment Awards|Big Star entertainment Award]]
|Most Entertaining Actress in a Thriller Film
|[[Bipasha Basu]]
|{{nom}}
|
|-
|[[BIG Star Entertainment Awards|Big Star entertainment Award]]
|Most entertaining Film Actor - Female
|[[Bipasha Basu]]
|{{nom}}
|
|-
|[[Times of India Film Awards|Times of India Film Award]]
|Best Performance by an Actor in a Negative Role
|[[Bipasha Basu]]
|{{nom}}
|
|-
| [[5th Mirchi Music Awards]]
| Background Score of the Year
| [[Raju Singh]]
| {{nom}}
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.radiomirchi.com/mma2012/hindi/nomination.html|title=Nominations – Mirchi Music Award Hindi 2012|website=radiomirchi.com|access-date=2018-04-27}}</ref>
|}

==Sequel ==
A fourth film in the series, titled ''[[Raaz Reboot]]'' released on 16 September 2016.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|2140315}}
{{Vikram Bhatt}}

{{Raaz series|state=autocollapse}}

[[Category:2012 films]]
[[Category:Indian erotic horror films]]
[[Category:2012 Hindi-language films]]
[[Category:2012 Indian films]]
[[Category:Indian 3D films]]
[[Category:2012 3D films]]
[[Category:2012 horror films]]
[[Category:Films directed by Vikram Bhatt]]
[[Category:Films scored by Jeet Gannguli]]
[[Category:Indian sequel films]]
[[Category:Fox Star Studios films]]
[[Category:Raaz films]]
[[Category:Films about Hindi cinema]]

Ajmer 92

2026-03-02T04:34:15Z

Wavage786: put up initial stub needs work!

{{Short description|2023 film directed by Pushpendra Singh}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2023}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Ajmer 92
| image = Ajmer 92.jpg
| alt =
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| native_name =
| based_on =
| director = Pushpendra Singh
| producer = Umesh Kumar Tiwari<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/bollywood-news/article/ajmer-92-first-poster-of-the-upcoming-gripping-drama-out-film-to-hit-screens-on-july-1l21-23288823 | title='Ajmer 92': First poster of the upcoming gripping drama out, film to hit screens on July 21 | publisher=Mid Day | date=26 May 2023 | accessdate=5 June 2023}}</ref>
| writer = Suraj Pal Rajak Gyanendra Pratap Singh Pushpendra Singh
| starring = {{plainlist|
*Karan Verma
*Sumit Singh
*[[Rajesh Sharma (actor)|Rajesh Sharma]]
*[[Zarina Wahab]]
*[[Brijendra Kala]]
*[[Manoj Joshi (actor)|Manoj Joshi]]
*[[Sayaji Shinde]]
}}
| music = Parthasakha Daskabi
| cinematography = Madhu Gowda
| editing = Sandeep Sethy
| studio = U&K Films Entertainment Sumit Motion Pictures
| distributor = [[Reliance Entertainment]]
| released = {{Film date|df=y|2023|07|21}}
| runtime = 141 minutes<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbfc.co.uk/release/ajmer-92-q29sbgvjdglvbjpwwc0xmde0ndu4|title=Ajmer 92|website=[[British Board of Film Classification]]}}</ref>
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| budget =
| gross = {{INR}}1 crore<ref name="re">{{cite web|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/ajmer-92/box-office/|title=Ajmer 92 – Movie|publisher=[[Bollywoodhungama.com]]}}</ref>
}}

'''Ajmer 92''' is a 2023 Indian [[Hindi]]-language [[crime drama film]] based on the [[Ajmer rape case|1992 Ajmer serial rapes]].<ref name="The Times of India 2023">{{cite web | title=Jamiat Ulama-i-Hind calls for ban on 'Ajmer 92' film - Jaipur News | website=The Times of India | date=5 June 2023 | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/jaipur/jamiat-calls-for-ban-on-ajmer-92-film/articleshow/100751842.cms | access-date=5 June 2023}}</ref><ref name="Today David 2023">{{cite web | last1=Today | first1=Telangana | last2=David | first2=Mitu | title='Ajmer-92' first poster released; film to hit screens on July 14 | website=Telangana Today | date=26 May 2023 | url=https://telanganatoday.com/ajmer-92-first-poster-released-film-to-hit-screens-on-july-14 | access-date=5 June 2023}}</ref><ref name="Salam 2023">{{cite web | last=Salam | first=Ziya Us | title=Jamiat Ulama-i-Hind seeks ban on Hindi film Ajmer-92 as it will 'create a rift in society' | website=The Hindu | date=4 June 2023 | url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/jamiat-ulama-i-hind-seeks-ban-on-hindi-film-ajmer-92-as-it-will-create-a-rift-in-society/article66931138.ece | access-date=5 June 2023}}</ref> It is directed by Pushpendra Singh and written by Suraj Pal Rajak, Gyanendra Pratap Singh and Pushpendra Singh. The music of the film is given by Parthsakha Daskabi and all songs are written by Amrit. It stars Karan Verma and Sumit Singh.

== Plot ==
The film portrays the events that unfolded in Ajmer, Rajasthan, India, where a group of young men led by Farooq and Nafis Chishty, members of the prominent Khadim family, repeated gang-raped and blackmailed several girls including minors for several years, concluding in 1992.<ref>{{cite web |date=26 May 2023 |title='Ajmer 92: Film on 1992 Rape Scandal Set for July 14 Release |url=https://enewsinsight.com/ajmer-92film-on-1992-rape-scandal-set-for-july-14-release/ |access-date=6 June 2023 |website=The News Insight }}</ref><ref name="The Indian Express 2023 k565">{{cite web | title=Ajmer 92 movie trailer out: What was the 1992 Ajmer rape and blackmail case | website=The Indian Express | date=17 July 2023 | url=https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/ajmer-92-rape-blackmail-8844220/ | access-date=22 July 2023}}</ref><ref name="Srivastava 2023 a324">{{cite web | last=Srivastava | first=Abhishek | title=Ajmer 92 Movie Review: A relevant film that becomes impossible to overlook | website=The Times of India | date=21 July 2023 | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/movie-reviews/ajmer-92/movie-review/102018317.cms | access-date=22 July 2023}}</ref><ref name="Yadav 2023 i861">{{cite web | last=Yadav | first=Jyoti | title=Bollywood, Netflix smell story in 1992 Ajmer gangrapes. After court, now privacy battle begins | website=ThePrint | date=3 July 2023 | url=https://theprint.in/ground-reports/bollywood-netflix-smell-story-in-1992-ajmer-gangrape-after-court-now-privacy-battle-begins/1651996/ | access-date=22 July 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Rajput |first=Raghav |date=23 July 2023 |title=Ajmer 92 – अजमेर 92 |url=https://mygeniusbrand.com/2023/07/22/ajmer-92/ |access-date=23 July 2023 |website=mygeniusbrand.com |language=HI |archive-date=22 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230722191053/https://mygeniusbrand.com/2023/07/22/ajmer-92/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>

== Cast ==
{{cast listing|
* Karan Verma as Madhav Verma
* Sumit Singh as Geeta Singh
* [[Rajesh Sharma (actor)|Rajesh Sharma]] as [[Superintendent of police (India)|SP]] Ranjit Singh
* Ishan Mishra as Shibbu
* [[Alka Amin]] as Sumitra Verma, Madhav's mother
* Mahesh Balraj as Yaqub Ansari
* Aakash Dahiya as Mohan Singh
* Anoop Gautam as Mehboob Ansari
* [[Manoj Joshi (actor)|Manoj Joshi]] as Minister
* [[Brijendra Kala]] as Jagdish Verma, Madhav's father
* Shalini Kapoor as Sunita Singh, Geeta's mother
* Seerat Kaur as Pooja
* Shehnawaz Khan as Anees Ansari
* Unnati Pandey as Shanti Bhargav
* [[Sayaji Shinde]] as [[Deputy inspector general of police|DIG]] Shekhawat
* [[Zarina Wahab]] as Urmila
* Chelsha Gosai as Ayat
}}

==Music==
The music of the film is composed by Parthsakha Daskabi. All lyrics are written by Amrit.

== Controversies ==
Many Islamic organizations like [[Raza Academy]] and [[Jamiat Ulema-e-Hind|Jamiat Ulama e Hind]] have called for a ban on the film alleging that it would "create a rift in society", and that it is used to defame [[Mu'in al-Din Chishti|Khwaja Moinuddin Chishti Ajmeri]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Ajmer 92 {{!}} 'द केरल स्टोरी' के बाद 'अजमेर 92' को लेकर मचा बवाल, उठी बैन करने की मांग {{!}} Navabharat (नवभारत) |url=https://www.enavabharat.com/entertainment/movies/after-the-kerala-story-there-was-a-ruckus-about-ajmer-92-demand-for-ban-arose-752735/ |access-date=6 June 2023 |website=www.enavabharat.com|date=5 June 2023 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=ಡೆಸ್ಕ್‌ |first=ಈ ದಿನ |date=6 June 2023 |title=ʻಅಜ್ಮೀರ್ 92' ಚಲನಚಿತ್ರ ನಿಷೇಧಕ್ಕೆ ಜಮೀಯತ್ ಉಲಮಾ ಹಿಂದ್ ಆಗ್ರಹ |url=https://eedina.com/politics/nation/jamiat-ulama-i-hind-seeks-ban-on-hindi-film-ajmer-92/ |access-date=6 June 2023 |website=ಈ ದಿನ.ಕಾಮ್ }}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
{{Wikiquote}}
* {{IMDb title|tt27862531}}
*''[https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/ajmer-92/ Ajmer92]'' at [[Bollywood Hungama]]
{{Portal bar|India|Bollywood|Films}}

[[Category:2023 Hindi-language films]]
[[Category:2023 films]]
[[Category:2023 drama films]]
[[Category:Hindi-language drama films]]
[[Category:Indian drama films]]

Cutbona

2026-02-22T09:38:06Z

Wavage786:

{{short description|Neighborhood in Goa, India}}
{{distinguish|Cuthona}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Cutbona
| native_name = ''Kutbonn''
| settlement_type = Neighborhood
| image_skyline =
Cutbona Jetty.jpg
| population_total = 5000
| population_demonym = [[Migrant workers]]
| population_as_of = 2022
| image_caption = Fishing trawlers parked in [[Sal River (India)|Sal river]], 2013
| coordinates = {{Coord|15|9|32.5|N|73|57|14.93|E|display=inline,title}}
| pushpin_map = India Goa#India
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = India
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Goa]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[South Goa district|South Goa]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[Tehsils of India|Sub-district]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[Salcete]]
| leader_title = [[Goa Legislative Assembly|Member of the Goa Legislative Assembly]]
| leader_name = [[Cruz Silva]]
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = {{hlist|[[Konkani language|Konkani]]|[[Indian English|English]]}}
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 403723
| area_code = 0832
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| demographics1_title2 = Additional/Cultural
| demographics1_info2 = [[Romi Konkani]] [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]]
| registration_plate = [[List of RTO districts in India#GA—Goa|GA]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
}}

'''Cutbona''' ([[Konkani language|Konkani]]: ''Kutbonn'') is a neighborhood located within the [[Velim, Goa|Velim]] village, neighbouring [[Betul, Goa|Betul]]. It is situated in the [[Salcete]] ''taluka'' and falls under the [[South Goa district]], in the Indian coastal state of [[Goa]]. It is about {{cvt|17|km}} away from the [[Margao]] city. It is famous for its fishing [[jetty]] known as the Cutbona fishing jetty, which is South Goa's largest fishing hub, where over 300 [[fishing trawlers|trawlers]] operate. It is also a part of the [[Velim Assembly constituency]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=February 24, 2020|first=Isidore Domnick |last=Mendis |title=Keeping decades of tradition alive |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/goa/keeping-decades-of-tradition-alive/articleshow/74288192.cms |access-date=2022-09-29 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Cutbona jetty gear up for new fishing season |url=https://www.thegoan.net/goa-news/cutbona-jetty-gear-up-for-new-fishing-season/87042.html |access-date=2022-09-29 |website=The Goan EveryDay |language=en}}</ref>

==Local issues==
Over five years from 2017, the traditional fishing communities of Cutbona and Betul faced issues of the [[Breakwater (structure)|breakwater]] facility at the mouth of the [[Sal River (India)|Sal river]]. Many protests were held over the delay of the construction of the facility by the Fisheries department of the [[Government of Goa|state government]]. As of 19 September 2022, The Chief Minister of Goa, [[Pramod Sawant]] had given his assurance that the work will commence soon.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Cutbona, Betul fishermen upset over delay |url=https://www.heraldgoa.in/Goa/Cutbona-Betul-fishermen-upset-over-delay/194175 |access-date=2022-09-29 |website=oHeraldo}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{authority control}}

[[Category:Geography of South Goa district]]

{{Goa-geo-stub}}

St. Mary's Convent Inter College, Prayagraj

2026-02-22T05:17:41Z

Wavage786: expand formatting after review and cleaned formatting

{{more citations needed|date=February 2022}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}
{{Infobox school
| name = St. Mary's Convent Inter College
| logo = St. Mary's Convent Inter College, Prayagraj logo.png
| motto = <big>'''''Spe Labor Levis'''''</big>
| motto_translation = Hope Lightens Work
| location = 32 Thornhill Road Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh
| county = India
| zipcode =
| coordinates =
| religious_affiliation = [[Catholic Church]] or Roman Catholic
| established = {{start date and age|January 15, 1866}}
| founder = [[Mary Ward (nun)|Mary Ward]]
| school_board = [[CISCE]]
| school_code =
| principal = Sr. Lissy CJ
| hours_in_day = 6
| campus_type = Urban
| houses = Yellow, Blue, Red, Green {{color box|yellow}} {{color box|blue}} {{color box|red}} {{color box|green}}
| free_text = SMC
| free_label = Acronym
}}

'''St. Mary's Convent Inter College''', [[Prayagraj]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[India]], is a girls school run by the [[nun|Sisters]] of the [[Congregation of Jesus]] in collaboration with a [[Laity|lay]] staff members. It was founded in 1866 by Mother [[Mary Ward (nun)|Mary Ward]] for the [[education of girls]]. The Delhi and the Lucknow campuses are co-educational.

The college was founded to provide an education to all sections of society, regardless of [[caste]], [[creed]] or financial status. The children are prepared for the [[Indian Certificate of Secondary Education|ICSE]] Examination at the class 10 level, the [[Indian School Certificate|ISC]] at the +2 level conducted by the [[CISCE]] [[Delhi]].

The institution, established and administered by the Christian Society, comes under articles 29 and 30 of the ''[[Indian Constitution]]'' and for Religious Jurisdiction it comes directly under the ''[[Roman Catholic Diocese of Prayagraj]] ''.

The principal of the school is Sister Lissy CJ. It also runs a school for underprivileged children called Asha Deep.

The motto of the school is "Hope Lightens Work" (from the Latin version - Spe Labor Levis').

Members of the student council are selected each year, including the Head Girl, Vice Head Girl, House Captains, House Vice Captains, Student Editor and Sub-Editor, USM President and vice-president, Games Captain, Games Vice Captain.

St Mary's celebrated 150 years of its existence in the year 2016.

==History==
{{unreferenced section|date=August 2023}}
The history of '''St. Mary's Convent Inter College''', [[Prayagraj]], rests on the foundation of the [[Congregation of Jesus]] by venerable [[Mary Ward (nun)]] who founded the Institute in 1609, to cater to the education of girls, with the special emphasis on moral and spiritual foundation. Inspired by her zeal and enthusiasm, the CJ sisters came to [[India]] at an invitation from Bishop [[Anastasius Hartmann]], to the then Superior General of the CJ sisters, Mother Catherine de Graccho, in Nymphenburg [[Germany]]. The pioneers to India, a group of five young sisters from Germany set out in 1853 across the oceans to the unknown strange land of India. After reaching [[Bombay]] (present-day [[Mumbai]]) by ship, they embarked upon a perilous journey across the vast peninsula of India in a bullock cart and reached [[Patna]], where they founded the first house and school in India, [[St. Joseph's Convent High School, Patna]]. In the years that followed, these brave women and others who followed them worked whole heartedly to spread God'sKingdom in the [[Indian subcontinent]], establishing new convents and reaching out to the poor and needy in the northern parts of India through the ministries of education, health care, care of youth and orphans. In the year 1866, Bishop [[Anastasius Hartmann]] intended to open a new Convent of the IBMV ([[Sisters of Loreto]]) in Allahabad and appealed to Mother General for more sisters. By the time the 8th Party of sisters arrived in India, the Convent and Boarding school at [[Phaphamau]] was almost ready. The sisters moved into the convent of January 1ih,{{clarify|date=August 2021}} 1866.

On January 15, 1866, the boarding school was opened with two pupils, Mary Elise and Nina Frizzone. Though the number of students increased gradually, since the sisters had to face endless problems in Phaphamau, they first shifted to Elgin Road in [[Allahabad]], then temporarily to Lowther Castle and finally in February 1888 (or 1886), to 32 Thornhill Road (Maharishi Dayanand Road), where the school is situated today. The [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Allahabad]] had offered a piece of leased land, within the campus of [[St. Joseph's Cathedral, Allahabad]] to the sisters to build their school, where a spacious red - brick building had been erected. The original building exists to this day, and is considered one of the heritage buildings of the city on account of its unique architectural style. Around it many other structures have been constructed in the course of years to accommodate the ever increasing number of students. DELVING INTO THE PAST St. Mary's Convent is a name synonymous with education, values, culture and sense of responsibility.

==Notable alumni==
Throughout its history a sizable number of alumni have become notable in various fields.
* [[Indira Gandhi]], a key 20th-century [[Politician|stateswoman]], a central figure of the [[Indian National Congress]] party, and to date the only female [[Prime Minister of India]] intermittently attended this premier institution until her matriculation in 1934.
* [[Shubha Mudgal]], singer of [[Hindustani classical music]].
* Dr.[[Deepali Pant Joshi]], executive director of [[Reserve Bank of India]].
* [[Neelum Saran Gour]], author, translator, academic and chronicler of various facets of Allahabad city.
* [[Shahnaz Husain]] entrepreneur
* [[Leema Dhar]], novelist and poet
* Dr. [[Shuchi Grover]], learning scientist and computer science education researcher
* [[Nidhi Singh]], television and film actor.
* [[Rita Bahuguna Joshi]], politician and ex-cabinet minister in the Government of Uttar Pradesh.
* [[Aradhana Mishra]] also known as Mona Misra, politician and member of 17th Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh
* [[Geetanjali Shree]] is the first Hindi novelist to receive International Booker Prize in 2022.
<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Ananya |last2=Parthasarthi |first2=Nitya |last3=Singh |first3=Sameer |date=2019 |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.18653/v1/n19-1303 |journal=Proceedings of the 2019 Conference of the North |pages=2959–2969 |location=Stroudsburg, PA, USA |publisher=Association for Computational Linguistics |doi=10.18653/v1/n19-1303 |s2cid=174800820 |title=GenderQuant: Quantifying Mention-Level Genderedness|url-access=subscription |doi-access=free }}</ref>{{Failed verification|date=July 2023 |reason=Which part of the article is the citation for?}}

==Lucknow==
Another branch of St. Mary's is in RDSO Colony, Manak Nagar, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh. The principal of the school is Sr. Marina CJ and the manager is Sr. Mariette CJ. The motto of the school is "Efforts Spell Success". Unlike the Prayagraj branch, this branch happens to be a co-educational institute.
The office bearers in this branch include the Head Boy, Head Girl, House captains, Games captains, and class monitors. The class monitors of year 12 acts as the prefects of the college.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{official website|http://smccjallahabad.org}} |
[official website Lucknow|http://smccjlko.org]http://www.cjsmciclko.org/principal.php

{{coord missing|Uttar Pradesh}}
* http://www.cjsmciclko.org/principal.php

{{DEFAULTSORT:Saint Mary's Convent Inter College}}
[[Category:Catholic schools in India]]
[[Category:Girls' schools in Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Intermediate colleges in Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Christian schools in Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Schools in Prayagraj]]
[[Category:Educational institutions established in 1866]]
[[Category:1866 establishments in India]]

Bakhira Sanctuary

2026-02-22T04:35:05Z

Wavage786: minor correct references to improve readability

{{Short description|Protected wetland in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2019}}
{{Infobox protected area
| name = Bakhira Sanctuary
| alt_name =
| iucn_category = IV
| image = Bakhira Bird Sanctury.jpg
| image_alt =
| image_caption = Bakhira lake
| image_size =
| map = India Uttar Pradesh#India
| relief = 1
| map_alt =
| map_caption =
| map_width =
| coordinates = {{coords|26.9063589|83.104282|display=inline,title}}
| location = [[Sant Kabir Nagar district]] of Eastern [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[India]]
| nearest_city = [[sant Kabir nagar district]]
| region =
| area =
| established = 1980
| visitation_num =
| visitation_year =
| governing_body = [[Government of India]]
| world_heritage_site =
| url =
| mapframe = yes
| mapframe-zoom = 10
| mapframe-marker = waterbody
| mapframe-wikidata = yes
| module = {{Designation list
| embed = yes
| designation1 = Ramsar
| designation1_offname = Bakhira Wildlife Sanctuary
| designation1_date = 29 June 2021
| designation1_number = 2465<ref>{{Cite web|title=Bakhira Wildlife Sanctuary|website=[[Ramsar Convention|Ramsar]] Sites Information Service|url=https://rsis.ramsar.org/ris/2465|access-date=2 March 2022}}</ref>}}
}}

The '''Bakhira Bird Sanctuary''' is the largest natural flood plain wetland of [[India]] in [[Sant Kabir Nagar district]] of Eastern [[Uttar Pradesh]]. The sanctuary was established in 1980. It is situated 44 km west of [[Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh|Gorakhpur]] city 18 km away from khalilabad and 55 km away from basti. It is a vast stretch of water body expanding over an area of 29 km2.
This is an important lake of eastern UP, which provides a wintering and staging ground for a number of migratory waterfowls and a breeding ground for resident birds. This is also used for farming activities as it is connected to Bakhira Canal which covers the people of 15 km from its origin. The sanctuary is named after the village Bakhira located adjacent to the lake along with as many as hundred and eight villages surrounding the lake within the 5 km radius. The villagers from the surrounding villages depend on the wetland for their livelihood in the form of fishing, agricultural activities and fuelwood collection from it. The Siberians birds travel across 5000 km to get to these wetlands at the time of winter's.

It was designated as a [[Ramsar site|Ramsar Site]] on [[World Wetlands Day]] (2 February 2022).<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://easternuptourism.com/Bakhira-Bird-Sanctuary-G.jsp |title=Bakhira Bird Sanctuary |access-date=2012-03-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131002123906/http://easternuptourism.com/Bakhira-Bird-Sanctuary-G.jsp |archive-date=2013-10-02 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

==Bird migrations ==
Best time to visit to bakhira lake is in winters Nov–Jan. During this time [[migratory birds]] from [[Tibet]], [[China]], [[Europe]] & [[Siberia]] come here, covering about 5000 km.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://easternuptourism.com/Bakhira-Bird-Sanctuary-G.jsp |title=Bakhira Bird Sanctuary |access-date=2012-03-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131002123906/http://easternuptourism.com/Bakhira-Bird-Sanctuary-G.jsp |archive-date=2013-10-02 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

==Tourism==
By Road-1. Can be accessed via Gorakhpur-Khalilabad (35 km), through NH-28, then 17 km on Khalilabad-Bansi road
2. From Gorakhpur to Sahjanwa (20 km) on NH-28, then 23 km from Sahjanwa to Jaswal Bharwaliya & 3 km from Jaswal Bharwaliya village
By Rail-Nearest railhead Khalilabad on Gorakhpur-Lucknow NER Railway Line
By Air-Gorakhpur Airport 49 km <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://easternuptourism.com/Bakhira-Bird-Sanctuary-G.jsp |title=Bakhira Bird Sanctuary |access-date=2012-03-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131002123906/http://easternuptourism.com/Bakhira-Bird-Sanctuary-G.jsp |archive-date=2013-10-02 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

==Attraction==
The [[Grey-headed swamphen]] ''(Porphyrio poliocephalus)'' also called the '''Indian Purple moorhen''' or '''Purple Swamp-hen''' is one of the beautiful common water birds found in India. A handsome but clumsy purplish blue bird with long red legs and toes, bald red forehead and size resembling the village hen. This bird is a common breeding resident of this sanctuary and is locally coined with the name "'''Kaima'''".

[[File:Migratory Birds in bakhira.JPG|thumb|Types of birds coming to bakhira, Poster of forest department office in bakhira]]

[[File:Grass lands.JPG|thumb|Farm lands near lake]]

[[File:Local children.JPG|thumb|Local children]]

There are more than 30 species of fish found in the lake. However the dominant species are [[Rohu|Labeo rohita]] and Chana sp.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{Commons category-inline|Bakhira Sanctuary}}
* {{Wikivoyage-inline|Bakhira Sanctuary}}
*[https://archive.today/20070813104425/http://www.wii.gov.in/publications/newsletter/annual2002/article9.htm https://archive.today/20070813104425/http://www.wii.gov.in/publications/newsletter/annual2002/article9.htm]
*[http://www.india9.com/i9show/Bakhira-Wildlife-Sanctuary-46427.htm http://www.india9.com/i9show/Bakhira-Wildlife-Sanctuary-46427.htm]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20131002123906/http://easternuptourism.com/Bakhira-Bird-Sanctuary-G.jsp]

{{Protected areas in Uttar Pradesh}}
{{Ramsar sites in India}}

[[Category:Wildlife sanctuaries in Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Bird sanctuaries of Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Sant Kabir Nagar district]]
[[Category:Important Bird Areas of India]]
[[Category:Ramsar sites in India]]
[[Category:1980 establishments in Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Protected areas established in 1980]]

{{SantKabirNagar-geo-stub}}

Thackeray ministry

2026-02-21T18:17:19Z

Wavage786:

{{Short description|Maharashtra state government (2019–2022)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2019}}
{{Infobox government cabinet
| cabinet_type = Cabinet
| cabinet_number =30th
| jurisdiction = the [[State of Maharashtra]]
| flag =File:Seal of Maharashtra.svg
| image = The Chief Minister of Maharashtra, Shri Uddhav Thackeray calling on the Prime Minister, Shri Narendra Modi, in New Delhi on February 21, 2020 (Uddhav Thackeray) (cropped).jpg
| caption = '''[[Uddhav Thackeray]]''' [[Chief Minister of Maharashtra|Hon'ble Chief Minister of Maharashtra]]
| flag_border = true
| incumbent =
| date_formed = 28 November 2019
| date_dissolved = 29 June 2022
| government_head = [[Uddhav Thackeray]] ([[Shiv Sena (1966–2022)|SHS]])
| deputy_government_head = [[Ajit Pawar]] ([[Nationalist Congress Party|NCP]])
| government_head_history =
| state_head = [[Bhagat Singh Koshyari]]
| members_number =
| former_members_number = 2
| total_number = 41
| political_parties =
*{{Color box|{{party color|Shiv Sena}}|border=darkgray}}''' [[Shiv Sena|SHS]]'''
*{{Color box|{{party color|Nationalist Congress Party}}|border=darkgray}}''' [[Nationalist Congress Party|NCP]]'''
*{{Color box|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|border=darkgray}}''' [[Indian National Congress|INC]]'''
| legislature_status = [[Coalition government|Coalition]]
*{{Color box|#FF6634}} [[Shiv Sena|SHS]] (57)
*{{Color box|#FFC0CB}} [[Nationalist Congress Party|NCP]] (53)
*{{Color box|#00BBFF}} [[Indian National Congress|INC]] (43)
*{{Color box|#800080}} [[Bahujan Vikas Aghadi|BVA]] (3)
*{{Color box|#FF0000}} [[Samajwadi Party|SP]] (2)
*{{Color box|#0000FF}} [[Prahar Janshakti Party|PJP]] (2)
*{{Color box|#7F00FF}} [[Swabhimani Paksha|SWP]] (1)
*{{Color box|#BC0000}} [[Peasants and Workers Party of India|PWPI]] (1)
*{{Color box|#CDCDCD}} [[Independent politician|IND]] (8)
{{Composition bar|38|78|{{party color|Maha Vikas Aghadi}}|background-color=|border border-color=darkgray|width=|per=1}}([[Maharashtra Legislative Council|Vidhan Parishad]])
{{Composition bar|171|288|{{party color|Maha Vikas Aghadi}}|background-color=|border border-color=darkgray|width=|per=1}}([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Vidhan Sabha]])
| opposition_cabinet =
| opposition_party = '''[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]'''
| opposition_leader =
[[Devendra Fadnavis]] ([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Assembly]]) 
[[Pravin Darekar]] ([[Maharashtra Legislative Council|Council]])
| election = [[2019 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|2019]]
| last_election =
| legislature_term = {{ayd|28 November 2019|30 June 2022}}
| budget =
| advice_and_consent1 =
| advice_and_consent2 =

| incoming_formation =
| outgoing_formation =
| previous = [[Second Fadnavis ministry|Second Devendra Fadnavis ministry]]
| successor = [[Eknath Shinde ministry]]

}}

After the [[2019 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]]s, post-poll alliance was formed in between [[Shiv Sena]], [[Nationalist Congress Party]] and [[Indian National Congress]] to form [[Maha Vikas Aghadi]] (MVA). [[Uddhav Thackeray]], the president of [[Shiv Sena]] was sworn in as the [[List of chief ministers of Maharashtra|19th Chief Minister of Maharashtra]] on 28 November 2019.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/maharashtra-government-formation-news-live-uddhav-thackeray-swearing-in-as-cm/liveblog/72270170.cms|title=Maharashtra news live: Uddhav Thackeray to take oath as Maharashtra CM; NCP gets dy CM and Cong speaker post|website=The Times of India|date=29 November 2019|access-date=28 November 2019|archive-date=28 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191128164043/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/maharashtra-government-formation-news-live-uddhav-thackeray-swearing-in-as-cm/liveblog/72270170.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> Following is the list of ministers from the cabinet of Uddhav Thackeray starting from November 2019.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/uddhav-thackeray-maharashtra-chief-minister-oath-ceremony-live-news-shiv-sena-ncp-congress-bjp/liveblog/72271759.cms|title=Uddhav Thackeray Maharashtra CM Live: No clarity yet over Ajit Pawar as dy CM; Bhujbal, Patil to take oath from NCP side|website=The Economic Times|access-date=28 November 2019|archive-date=29 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200929053204/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/uddhav-thackeray-maharashtra-chief-minister-oath-ceremony-live-news-shiv-sena-ncp-congress-bjp/liveblog/72271759.cms|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite news |url=https://www.firstpost.com/politics/maharashtra-cabinet-portfolios-announced-dy-cm-ajit-pawar-gets-finance-aaditya-thackeray-allotted-tourism-and-environment-ministry-7861731.html |title=Maharashtra Cabinet portfolios announced |archive-date=25 November 2024 |access-date=6 January 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241125050237/https://www.firstpost.com/politics/maharashtra-cabinet-portfolios-announced-dy-cm-ajit-pawar-gets-finance-aaditya-thackeray-allotted-tourism-and-environment-ministry-7861731.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite news |url=https://marathi.abplive.com/news/mumbai/maharashtra-cabinet-ministry-list-governor-approved-allocation-of-portfolios-proposed-by-cm-uddhav-thackeray-729069 |title=महाराष्ट्र मंत्रिमंडळ खातेवाटप जाहीर |archive-date=6 October 2021 |access-date=6 January 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211006220549/https://marathi.abplive.com/news/mumbai/maharashtra-cabinet-ministry-list-governor-approved-allocation-of-portfolios-proposed-by-cm-uddhav-thackeray-729069 |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Government formation==
The Thackeray ministry proved its majority in the [[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]] on November 30, 2019.<ref name=voc>{{Cite news |author=Alok Deshpande |title=Uddhav Thackeray wins trust vote with 169 ayes |newspaper=[[The Hindu]] |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/uddhav-thackeray-led-maha-vikas-aghadi-govt-wins-floor-test/article30123134.ece |date=30 November 2019 |access-date=26 April 2021 |archive-date=26 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210426073428/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/uddhav-thackeray-led-maha-vikas-aghadi-govt-wins-floor-test/article30123134.ece |url-status=live }}</ref>

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:95%;"
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" bgcolor="#C0C0C0"| '''Motion of confidence''' [[Uddhav Thackeray]] ([[Shiv Sena]])
|-
! colspan="2" style="width:150px;"| Ballot →
! 30 November 2019
|-
! colspan="2"| Required majority →
| Simple majority {{tick|15}}
|-
! style="width:1px; background:red,"|
| style="text-align:left;"| {{Collapsible list
| title = Yes|• [[Shiv Sena]] (56)|• [[Nationalist Congress Party|NCP]] (54)|• [[Indian National Congress|Congress]] (44)
}}
|{{Composition bar|154|288|{{party color|Maha Vikas Aghadi}}|width=125px}}
|-
! style="background:red;"|
| style="text-align:left;"| {{Collapsible list | title = No
| • ''None''
}}
| {{Composition bar|0|288|red|width=125px}}
|-
! style="background:gray;"|
| style="text-align:left;"| {{Collapsible list | title = Abstentions
| • [[All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen|AIMIM]] (2)
| • [[Maharashtra Navnirman Sena|MNS]] (1)
| • [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI (M)]] (1)
}}
| {{Composition bar|4|288|gray|width=125px}}
|-
! style="background:black;"|
| style="text-align:left;"| {{Collapsible list | title = Absentees
| • [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]] (106)
| • [[Jan Surajya Shakti|JSS]] (1)
| • [[Krantikari Shetkari Party|KSP]] (1)
| • [[Rashtriya Samaj Paksha|RSP]] (1)
| • [[Independent (politician)|Independents]] (10)
}}
| {{Composition bar|119|288|Orange|width=125px}}
|-
| style="text-align:centre;" colspan="3"| Sources<ref name=voc />
|-
! style="background:pink;"|
| style="text-align:left;"| {{Collapsible list | title = Pro Tem Speaker
| • '''[[Dilip Walse-Patil]]''' ([[Nationalist Congress Party|NCP]]) (1)
}}
| {{Composition bar|1|288|pink|width=125px}}
|}
==Council Ministers==
===Cabinet Ministers===
{| class="wikitable"
!Portfolio
!Portrait
!Minister
! colspan="2" |Party
!Term
|-
|[[List of chief ministers of Maharashtra|'''Chief Minister''']]
*[[Ministry of General Administration (Maharashtra)|General Administration]]
* [[Ministry of Law and Judiciary Government of Maharashtra|Law and Judiciary]]
* [[Ministry of Information and Public Relations (Maharashtra)|Information and Public Relations]]
* [[Ministry of Information Technology (Maharashtra)|Information Technology]]
* [[Ministry of Forests Department of Maharashtra|Forests Department]]
|[[File:The Chief Minister of Maharashtra, Shri Uddhav Thackeray calling on the Prime Minister, Shri Narendra Modi, in New Delhi on February 21, 2020 (Uddhav Thackeray) (cropped).jpg|80px]]
|'''[[Uddhav Thackeray]]'''
| width="4px" bgcolor="{{party color|Shiv Sena}}" |
|[[Shiv Sena]]
|28 November 2019 - 29 June 2022
|-
|[[List of deputy chief ministers of Maharashtra|'''Deputy Chief Minister''']]
* [[Ministry of Finance (Maharashtra)|Cabinet Minister for Finance]]

*[[Ministry of Planning (Maharashtra)|Cabinet Minister for Planning]]
* [[Ministry of State Excise (Maharashtra)|Cabinet Minister for State Excise]]
|
|'''[[Ajit Pawar]]'''
| width="4px" bgcolor="{{party color|Nationalist Congress Party}}" |
|[[Nationalist Congress Party]]
|30 December 2019 - 29 June 2022
|-
|
*[[Ministry of Home Affairs Government of Maharashtra|Cabinet Minister for Home Affairs]]
|[[File:Dilip Walse Patil.png|87x87px]]
|'''[[Dilip Walse-Patil]]'''
| width="4px" bgcolor="{{party color|Nationalist Congress Party}}" |
|[[Nationalist Congress Party]]
|30 December 2019 - 29 June 2022
|-
|
*[[Ministry of Revenue (Maharashtra)|Cabinet Minister for Revenue]]
|
|'''[[Balasaheb Thorat]]'''
| width="4px" bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|28 November 2019 - 29 June 2022
|-
|
* [[Ministry of Water Resources (Maharashtra)|Cabinet Minister of Water Resources]]
* [[Ministry of Command Area Development (Maharashtra)|Cabinet Minister for Command Area Development.]]
|
|'''[[Jayant Patil]]'''
| width="4px" bgcolor="{{party color|Nationalist Congress Party}}" |
|[[Nationalist Congress Party]]
|28 November 2019 - 29 June 2022
|-
|
* [[Ministry of Social Justice (Maharashtra)|Cabinet Minister for Social Justice]]
* [[Ministry of Special Assistance (Maharashtra)|Cabinet Minister for Special Assistance]]
|
|'''[[Dhananjay Munde]]'''
| width="4px" bgcolor="{{party color|Nationalist Congress Party}}" |
|[[Nationalist Congress Party]]
|30 December 2019 - 29 June 2022
|-
|
* [[Ministry of Food, Civil Supplies and Consumer Protection (Maharashtra)|Cabinet Minister for Food & Civil Supply]]

* [[Ministry of Food, Civil Supplies and Consumer Protection (Maharashtra)|Cabinet Minister for Consumer Affairs]]

* [[Ministry of State Border Defence (Maharashtra)|Cabinet Minister for State Border Defence]] ''(First)''
|
|'''[[Chhagan Bhujbal]]'''
| width="4px" bgcolor="{{party color|Nationalist Congress Party}}" |
|[[Nationalist Congress Party]]
|28 November 2019 - 29 June 2022
|-
|
* [[Ministry of Environment and Climate Change (Maharashtra)|Cabinet Minister for Environment and Climate Change]]
* [[Ministry of Tourism (Maharashtra)|Cabinet Minister for Tourism]]
* [[Ministry of Protocol (Maharashtra)|Cabinet Minister for Protocol]]
|[[File:Shri Aaditya Thackeray - 2020 (cropped).jpg|143x143px]]
|'''[[Aaditya Thackeray]]'''
| width="4px" bgcolor="{{party color|Shiv Sena}}" |
|[[Shiv Sena]]
|30 December 2019 - 29 June 2022
|-
|
*[[Minority Development and Aukaf (Maharashtra)|Cabinet Minister for Minority Development and Aukaf]]
|
|'''[[Nawab Malik]]'''
| width="4px" bgcolor="{{party color|Nationalist Congress Party}}" |
|[[Nationalist Congress Party]]
|30 December 2019 - 27 March 2022
|-
|[[Ministry of Public Works (Excluding Public Undertakings) (Maharashtra)|Cabinet Minister for Public Works (Excluding Public Undertakings)]]
|
|'''[[Ashok Chavan]]'''
| width="4px" bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|30 December 2019 - 29 June 2022
|-
|
*[[Ministry of Food and Drug Administration (Maharashtra)|Cabinet Minister for Food and Drug Administration]]
|
|'''[[Rajendra Shingne]]'''
| width="4px" bgcolor="{{party color|Nationalist Congress Party}}" |
|[[Nationalist Congress Party]]
|30 December 2019 - 29 June 2022
|-
|
*[[Ministry of Public Health (Maharashtra)|Cabinet Minister for Public Health and Family Welfare]]
|
|[[Rajeshbhaiyya Tope|'''Rajesh Tope''']]
| width="4px" bgcolor="{{party color|Nationalist Congress Party}}" |
|[[Nationalist Congress Party]]
|30 December 2019 - 29 June 2022
|-
|
*[[Ministry of Energy, New and Renewable Energy Maharashtra|Cabinet Minister for Energy]]
|
|'''[[Nitin Raut]]'''
| width="4px" bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|30 December 2019 - 29 June 2022
|-
|
*[[Ministry of School Education (Maharashtra)|Cabinet Minister for School Education]]
|
|'''[[Varsha Gaikwad]]'''
| width="4px" bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|30 December 2019 - 29 June 2022
|-
|
*[[Ministry of Housing (Maharashtra)|Cabinet Minister for Housing]]
|
|'''[[Jitendra Awhad]]'''
| width="4px" bgcolor="{{party color|Nationalist Congress Party}}" |
|[[Nationalist Congress Party]]
|30 December 2019 - 29 June 2022
|-
|
* [[Ministry of Urban Development (Maharashtra)|Cabinet Minister for Urban Development]]
* [[Ministry of Public Works (Including Public Undertakings) (Maharashtra)|Cabinet Minister for Public Works (Including Public Undertakings)]]
*[[Ministry of State Border Defence (Maharashtra)|State Border Defence]] (Second)
|[[File:Eknath Shinde with PM Narendra Modi Cropped.jpg|145x145px]]
|'''[[Eknath Shinde]]'''
| width="4px" bgcolor="{{party color|Shiv Sena}}" |
|[[Shiv Sena]]
|28 November 2019 - 29 June 2022
|-
|
* [[Department of Animal Husbandry (Maharashtra)|Cabinet Minister for Animal Husbandry]]
* [[Ministry of Dairy Development (Maharashtra)|Cabinet Minister for Dairy Development]]
* [[Ministry of Sports and Youth Welfare (Maharashtra)|Cabinet Minister for Sports and Youth Welfare]]
|
|'''[[Sunil Chhatrapal Kedar]]'''
| width="4px" bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|30 December 2019 - 29 June 2022
|-
|
* [[Ministry of Disaster Management (Maharashtra)|Cabinet Minister Disaster Management]]
* [[Ministry of Relief & Rehabilitation (Maharashtra)|Cabinet Minister for Relief & Rehabilitation]]
* [[Ministry of Other Backward Classes (Maharashtra)|Cabinet Minister for Other Backward Classes]]
* [[Ministry of Other Backward Bahujan Welfare (Maharashtra)|Cabinet Minister for Other Backward Bahujan Welfare]]
* [[Ministry of Socially and Educationally Backward Classes (Maharashtra)|Cabinet Minister for Socially and Educationally Backward Classes]]
* [[Ministry of Vimukta Jati (Maharashtra)|Cabinet Minister for Vimukta Jati]]
* [[Ministry of Nomadic Tribes (Maharashtra)|Cabinet Minister for Nomadic Tribes]]
* [[Ministry of Special Backward Classes Welfare (Maharashtra)|Cabinet Minister for Special Backward Classes Welfare]]
* [[Ministry of Khar Land Development (Maharashtra)|Cabinet Minister for Khar Land Development]]
* [[Ministry of Earthquake Rehabilitation (Maharashtra)|Cabinet Minister for Earthquake Rehabilitation]]
* [[Ministry of Majority Welfare Development (Maharashtra)|Cabinet Minister for Majority Welfare Development]]
|
|'''[[Vijay Namdevrao Wadettiwar]]'''
| width="4px" bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|30 December 2019 - 29 June 2022
|-
|
* [[Ministry of Medical Education (Maharashtra)|Cabinet Minister for Medical Education]]
* [[Ministry of Cultural Affairs (Maharashtra)|Cabinet Minister for Cultural Affairs]]
|
|'''[[Amit Deshmukh]]'''
| width="4px" bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|30 December 2019 - 29 June 2022
|-
|
*[[Ministry of Higher and Technical Education (Maharashtra)|Ministry of Higher and Technical Education ]]
|
|'''[[Uday Samant]]'''
| width="4px" bgcolor="{{party color|Shiv Sena}}" |
|[[Shiv Sena]]
|30 December 2019 - 29 June 2022
|-
|
* [[Ministry of Agriculture (Maharashtra)|Cabinet Minister for Agriculture]]

* [[Ministry of Ex. Servicemen Welfare (Maharashtra)|Cabinet Minister for Ex. Servicemen Welfare]]
|
|'''[[Dadaji Bhuse]]'''
| width="4px" bgcolor="{{party color|Shiv Sena}}" |
|[[Shiv Sena]]
|30 December 2019 - 29 June 2022
|-
|
* [[Ministry of Water Supply (Maharashtra)|Cabinet Minister for Water Supply]]

* [[Ministry of Sanitation (Maharashtra)|Cabinet Minister for Sanitation]]
|
|'''[[Gulab Raghunath Patil|Gulabrao Patil]]'''
| width="4px" bgcolor="{{party color|Shiv Sena}}" |
|[[Shiv Sena]]
|30 December 2019 - 29 June 2022
|-
|
*[[Ministry of Tribal Development (Maharashtra)|Cabinet Minister for Tribal Development]]
|
|'''[[Kagda Chandya Padvi|K.C.Padvi]]'''
| width="4px" bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|30 December 2019 - 29 June 2022
|-
|
*[[Ministry of Employment Guarantee (Maharashtra)|Cabinet Minister for Employment Guarantee]]
*[[Ministry of Horticulture (Maharashtra)|Horticulture]]
|
|'''[[Sandipanrao Bhumre]]'''
| width="4px" bgcolor="{{party color|Shiv Sena}}" |
|[[Shiv Sena]]
|30 December 2019 - 29 June 2022
|-
|
* [[Ministry of Co-operation (Maharashtra)|Co-operation]]
* [[Ministry of Marketing (Maharashtra)|Marketing]]
|
|'''[[Shamrao Pandurang Patil]]'''
| width="4px" bgcolor="{{party color|Nationalist Congress Party}}" |
|[[Nationalist Congress Party]]
|30 December 2019 - 29 June 2022
|-
|
* [[Ministry of Transport (Maharashtra)|Transport.]]
* [[Ministry of Parliamentary Affairs Government of Maharashtra|Parliamentary Affairs]]
|
|'''[[Anil Parab]]'''
| width="4px" bgcolor="{{party color|Shiv Sena}}" |
|[[Shiv Sena]]
|30 December 2019 - 29 June 2022
|-
|
* [[Ministry of Textiles (Maharashtra)|Textiles]]
* [[Ministry of Fisheries Department (Maharashtra)|Fisheries Department]]
* [[Ministry of Ports Development (Maharashtra)|Ports Development]]
|
|'''[[Aslam Shaikh]]'''
| width="4px" bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|30 December 2019 - 29 June 2022
|-
|
* [[Ministry of Woman and Child Development Government of Maharashtra|Women and Child Development.]]
|
|'''[[Yashomati Chandrakant Thakur]]'''
| width="4px" bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|30 December 2019 - 29 June 2022
|-
|
* [[Ministry of Soil and Water Conservation (Maharashtra)|Cabinet Minister for Soil and Water Conservation]]
|
|'''[[Shankarrao Gadakh]]'''
| width="4px" bgcolor="{{party color|Shiv Sena}}" |
|[[Shiv Sena]]
|30 December 2019 - 29 June 2022
|-
|
* [[Ministry of Industries (Maharashtra)|Cabinet Minister for Industries.]]
* [[Ministry of Mining Department (Maharashtra)|Cabinet Minister for Mining]]
* [[Ministry of Marathi Language|Cabinet Minister for Marathi Language]]
|
|'''[[Subhash Desai]]'''
| width="4px" bgcolor="{{party color|Shiv Sena}}" |
|[[Shiv Sena]]
|28 November 2019 - 29 June 2022
|}

=== Ministers of State ===
{| class="wikitable"
!Portfolio
!Minister
!Term start
!Term end
! colspan="2" |Party
|-
|
* [[Ministry of Revenue (Maharashtra)|Revenue.]]
* [[Ministry of Rural Development Government of Maharashtra|Rural Development]]
* [[Ministry of Ports Development (Maharashtra)|Ports Development]]
* [[Ministry of Khar Land Development (Maharashtra)|Khar Land Development]]
* [[Ministry of Special Assistance (Maharashtra)|Special Assistance]]
|'''[[Abdul Sattar Abdul Nabi|Abdul Sattar]]'''
|30 December 2019
|29 June 2022
|{{party color cell|Shiv Sena}}
|[[Shiv Sena (1966–2022)|SS]]
|-
|
* [[Ministry of Law and Judiciary Government of Maharashtra|Law and Judiciary.]]
* [[Ministry of Industries (Maharashtra)|Industries.]]
* [[Ministry of Mining Department (Maharashtra)|Mining Department.]]
* [[Ministry of Tourism (Maharashtra)|Tourism.]]
* [[Ministry of Horticulture (Maharashtra)|Horticulture]]
* [[Ministry of Sports and Youth Welfare (Maharashtra)|Sports and Youth Welfare]]
* [[Ministry of Protocol (Maharashtra)|Protocol]]
* [[Ministry of Information and Public Relations (Maharashtra)|Information and Public Relations.]]
|'''[[Aditi Sunil Tatkare|Aditi Tatkare]]'''
|30 December 2019
|29 June 2022
|{{party color cell|Nationalist Congress Party}}
|[[Nationalist Congress Party|NCP]]
|-
|
* [[Ministry of Home Affairs Government of Maharashtra|Home Affairs]] (Urban)
* [[Ministry of Housing (Maharashtra)|Housing.]]
* [[Ministry of Transport (Maharashtra)|Transport.]]
* [[Ministry of Information Technology (Maharashtra)|Information Technology.]]
* [[Ministry of Parliamentary Affairs Government of Maharashtra|Parliamentary Affairs.]]
* [[Ministry of Ex. Servicemen Welfare (Maharashtra)|Ex. Servicemen Welfare]]
|'''[[Satej Patil]]'''
|30 December 2019
|29 June 2022
|{{party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|-
|
* [[Ministry of Home Affairs Government of Maharashtra|Home Affairs]] (Rural)
* [[Ministry of Finance (Maharashtra)|Finance]]
* [[Ministry of Planning (Maharashtra)|Planning]].
* [[Ministry of State Excise (Maharashtra)|State Excise]]
* [[Ministry of Skill Development and Entrepreneurship (Maharashtra)|Skill Development And Entrepreneurship.]]
* [[Ministry of Marketing (Maharashtra)|Marketing]]
|'''[[Shambhuraj Desai]]'''
|30 December 2019
|29 June 2022
|{{party color cell|Shiv Sena}}
|[[Shiv Sena (1966–2022)|SS]]
|-
|
* [[Ministry of Public Works (Excluding Public Undertakings) (Maharashtra)|Public Works (Excluding Public Undertakings)]]
* [[Ministry of Soil and Water Conservation (Maharashtra)|Soil and Water Conservation]]
* [[Ministry of Forests Department of Maharashtra|Forests Department.]]
* [[Department of Animal Husbandry (Maharashtra)|Animal Husbandry]]
* [[Ministry of Dairy Development (Maharashtra)|Dairy Development]]
* [[Ministry of Fisheries Department (Maharashtra)|Fisheries Department]]
* [[Ministry of General Administration (Maharashtra)|General Administration]]
|'''[[Dattatray Vithoba Bharne]]'''
|30 December 2019
|29 June 2022
|{{party color cell|Nationalist Congress Party}}
|[[Nationalist Congress Party|NCP]]
|-
|
* [[Ministry of Co-operation (Maharashtra)|Co-operation]]
* [[Ministry of Agriculture (Maharashtra)|Agriculture.]]
* [[Ministry of Social Justice (Maharashtra)|Social Justice]]
* [[Ministry of Food, Civil Supplies and Consumer Protection (Maharashtra)|Food & Civil Supply and Consumer Affairs]]
* [[Minority Development and Aukaf (Maharashtra)|Minority Development and Aukaf]]
* [[Ministry of Marathi Language|Marathi Language.]]
|'''[[Vishwajeet Kadam]]'''
|30 December 2019
|29 June 2022
|{{party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|-
|
* [[Ministry of Water Resources (Maharashtra)|Water Resources.]]
* [[Ministry of Command Area Development (Maharashtra)|Command Area Development.]]
* [[Ministry of School Education (Maharashtra)|School Education]]
* [[Ministry of Woman and Child Development Government of Maharashtra|Woman and Child Development.]]
* [[Ministry of Other Backward Classes (Maharashtra)|Other Backward Classes]]
* [[Ministry of Other Backward Bahujan Welfare (Maharashtra)|Other Backward Bahujan Welfare]]
* [[Ministry of Socially and Educationally Backward Classes (Maharashtra)|Socially and Educationally Backward Classes]]
* [[Ministry of Vimukta Jati (Maharashtra)|Vimukta Jati]]
* [[Ministry of Nomadic Tribes (Maharashtra)|Nomadic Tribes]]
* [[Ministry of Special Backward Classes Welfare (Maharashtra)|Special Backward Classes Welfare]]
* [[Ministry of Majority Welfare Development (Maharashtra)|Majority Welfare Development]]
* [[Ministry of Labour (Maharashtra)|Labour]]
|'''[[Omprakash Babarao Kadu|Omprakash Kadu]]'''
|30 December 2019
|29 June 2022
|{{party color cell|Prahar Janshakti Party}}
|[[Prahar Janshakti Party|PHJSP]]
|-
|
* [[Ministry of Environment and Climate Change (Maharashtra)|Environment and climate change]].
* [[Ministry of Water Supply (Maharashtra)|Water Supply]].
* [[Ministry of Sanitation (Maharashtra)|Sanitation]]
* [[Ministry of Public Works (Including Public Undertakings) (Maharashtra)|Public Works (Including Public Undertakings)]]
* [[Ministry of Employment Guarantee (Maharashtra)|Employment Guarantee]]
* [[Ministry of Earthquake Rehabilitation (Maharashtra)| Earthquake Rehabilitation]]
* [[Ministry of Parliamentary Affairs Government of Maharashtra|Parliamentary Affairs.]]
|'''[[Sanjay Bansode]]'''
|30 December 2019
|29 June 2022
|{{party color cell|Nationalist Congress Party}}
|[[Nationalist Congress Party|NCP]]
|-
|
* [[Ministry of Public Health (Maharashtra)|Public Health and Family Welfare]]
* [[Ministry of Medical Education (Maharashtra)|Medical Education.]]
* [[Ministry of Food and Drug Administration (Maharashtra)|Food and Drug Administration]]
* [[Ministry of Textiles (Maharashtra)|Textiles]]
* [[Ministry of Cultural Affairs (Maharashtra)|Cultural Affairs]]
|'''[[Rajendra Patil|Rajendra Yadravkar]]'''
|30 December 2019
|29 June 2022
|{{party color cell|Shiv Sena}}
|[[Shiv Sena (1966–2022)|SS]]
|-
|
* [[Ministry of Urban Development Government of Maharashtra|Urban Development.]]
* [[Ministry of Energy, New and Renewable Energy Maharashtra|Energy.]]
* [[Ministry of Tribal Development (Maharashtra)|Tribal Development]]
* [[Ministry of Higher and Technical Education (Maharashtra)|Higher and Technical Education]]
* [[Ministry of Disaster Management (Maharashtra)|Disaster Management]]
* [[Ministry of Relief & Rehabilitation (Maharashtra)|Relief & Rehabilitation]]
|'''[[Prajakt Tanpure]]'''
|30 December 2019
|29 June 2022
|{{party color cell|Nationalist Congress Party}}
|[[Nationalist Congress Party|NCP]]
|}

==By Departments==
An alphabetical list of all the departments of Maharashtra Government with terms :
Cabinet Ministers
{{Cabinet table start|hiderefcol=y}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = [[Ministry of General Administration (Maharashtra)|General Administration]]
| minister1 = [[Uddhav_Thackeray]] (Acting) {{small|[[Chief Minister of Maharashtra|Chief Minister]]}}
| minister1_termstart = 28 November 2019
| minister1_termend = 30 December 2019
| minister1_party = Shiv Sena
| minister2 = [[Uddhav Thackeray]] {{small|[[Chief Minister of Maharashtra|Chief Minister]]}}
| minister2_termstart = 30 December 2019
| minister2_termend = 29 June 2022
| minister2_party = Shiv Sena
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = [[Ministry of Law and Judiciary Government of Maharashtra|Law and Judiciary]]
| minister1 = [[Uddhav Thackeray]] (Acting) {{small|[[Chief Minister of Maharashtra|Chief Minister]]}}
| minister1_termstart = 28 November 2019
| minister1_termend = 30 December 2019
| minister1_party = Shiv Sena
| minister2 = [[Uddhav Thackeray]] {{small|[[Chief Minister of Maharashtra|Chief Minister]]}}
| minister2_termstart = 30 December 2019
| minister2_termend = 29 June 2022
| minister2_party = Shiv Sena
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = [[Ministry of Information and Public Relations (Maharashtra) |Information and Public Relations]]
| minister1 = [[Uddhav Thackeray]] (Acting) {{small|[[Chief Minister of Maharashtra|Chief Minister]]}}
| minister1_termstart = 28 November 2019
| minister1_termend = 30 December 2019
| minister1_party = Shiv Sena
| minister2 = [[Uddhav Thackeray]] {{small|[[Chief Minister of Maharashtra|Chief Minister]]}}
| minister2_termstart = 30 December 2019
| minister2_termend = 29 June 2022
| minister2_party = Shiv Sena
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = [[Ministry of Information Technology (Maharashtra)|Information Technology]]
| minister1 = [[Uddhav Thackeray]] (Acting) {{small|[[Chief Minister of Maharashtra|Chief Minister]]}}
| minister1_termstart = 28 November 2019
| minister1_termend = 30 December 2019
| minister1_party = Shiv Sena
| minister2 = [[Uddhav Thackeray]] {{small|[[Chief Minister of Maharashtra|Chief Minister]]}}
| minister2_termstart = 30 December 2019
| minister2_termend = 29 June 2022
| minister2_party = Shiv Sena
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = [[Ministry of Forests Department of Maharashtra|Forests Department]]
| minister1 = [[Balasaheb Thorat]] (Acting)
| minister1_termstart = 28 November 2019
| minister1_termend = 30 December 2019
| minister1_party = Indian National Congress
| minister2 = [[Sanjay Rathod]]
| minister2_termstart = 30 December 2019
| minister2_termend = 28 February 2021
| minister2_party = Shiv Sena
| minister3 = [[Uddhav Thackeray]] Additional Charge {{small|[[Chief Minister of Maharashtra|Chief Minister]]}}
| minister3_termstart =28 February 2021
| minister3_termend = 29 June 2022
| minister3_party = Shiv Sena
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = [[Ministry of Home Affairs Government of Maharashtra |Home Affairs]]
| minister1 = [[Eknath Shinde]] (Acting)
| minister1_termstart = 28 November 2019
| minister1_termend = 30 December 2019
| minister1_party = Shiv Sena
| minister2 = [[Anil Deshmukh]]
| minister2_termstart = 30 December 2019
| minister2_termend = 5 April 2021
| minister2_party = Nationalist Congress Party
| minister3 = [[Dilip Walse-Patil]]
| minister3_termstart = 5 April 2021
| minister3_termend = 29 June 2022
| minister3_party = Nationalist Congress Party
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = [[Ministry of State Border Defence (Maharashtra)|State Border Defence]]
| minister1 = [[Uddhav Thackeray]] (Acting) {{small|[[Chief Minister of Maharashtra|Chief Minister]]}}
| minister1_termstart = 28 November 2019
| minister1_termend = 22 March 2020
| minister1_party = Shiv Sena
| minister2 = [[Chhagan Bhujbal]] (First)
| minister2_termstart = 22 March 2020
| minister2_termend = 29 June 2022
| minister2_party = Nationalist Congress Party
| minister3 = [[Eknath Shinde]] (Second)
| minister3_termstart = 22 March 2020
| minister3_termend = 27 June 2022
| minister3_party = Shiv Sena
| minister4 = [[Subhash Desai]] (Second) ''Additional charge''
| minister4_termstart = 27 June 2022
| minister4_termend = 29 June 2022
| minister4_party = Shiv Sena
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = [[Ministry of Finance (Maharashtra)|Finance]]
| minister1 = [[Jayant Patil]] (Acting)
| minister1_termstart = 28 November 2019
| minister1_termend = 30 December 2019
| minister1_party = Nationalist Congress Party
| minister2 = [[Ajit Pawar]] {{small|[[Deputy Chief Minister of Maharashtra|Deputy Chief Minister]]}}
| minister2_termstart = 30 December 2019
| minister2_termend = 29 June 2022
| minister2_party = Nationalist Congress Party
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = [[Ministry of Planning (Maharashtra)|Planning]]
| minister1 = [[Jayant Patil]] (Acting)
| minister1_termstart = 28 November 2019
| minister1_termend = 30 December 2019
| minister1_party = Nationalist Congress Party
| minister2 = [[Ajit Pawar]] {{small|[[Deputy Chief Minister of Maharashtra|Deputy Chief Minister]]}}
| minister2_termstart = 30 December 2019
| minister2_termend = 29 June 2022
| minister2_party = Nationalist Congress Party
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = [[Ministry of State Excise (Maharashtra)|State Excise]]
| minister1 = [[Chhagan Bhujbal]] ''(Acting)''
| minister1_termstart = 28 November 2019
| minister1_termend = 30 December 2019
| minister1_party = Nationalist Congress Party
| minister2 = [[Dilip Walse-Patil]]
| minister2_termstart = 30 December 2019
| minister2_termend = 5 April 2021
| minister2_party = Nationalist Congress Party
| minister3 = [[Ajit Pawar]] ''(Acting)'' {{small|[[Deputy Chief Minister of Maharashtra|Deputy Chief Minister]]}}
| minister3_termstart =5 April 2021
| minister3_termend = 29 June 2022
| minister3_party = Nationalist Congress Party
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = [[Ministry of Water Resources (Maharashtra)|Water Resources]]
| minister1 = [[Chhagan Bhujbal]] ''(Acting)''
| minister1_termstart = 28 November 2019
| minister1_termend = 30 December 2019
| minister1_party = Nationalist Congress Party
| minister2 = [[Jayant Patil]]
| minister2_termstart = 30 December 2019
| minister2_termend = 29 June 2022
| minister2_party = Nationalist Congress Party
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = [[Ministry of Command Area Development (Maharashtra)|Command Area Development]]
| minister1 = [[Chhagan Bhujbal]] ''(Acting)''
| minister1_termstart = 28 November 2019
| minister1_termend = 30 December 2019
| minister1_party = Nationalist Congress Party
| minister2 = [[Jayant Patil]]
| minister2_termstart = 30 December 2019
| minister2_termend = 29 June 2022
| minister2_party = Nationalist Congress Party
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = [[Ministry of Public Works (Excluding Public Undertakings) (Maharashtra)|Public Works (Excluding Public Undertakings)]]
| minister1 = [[Nitin Raut]] ''(Acting)''
| minister1_termstart = 28 November 2019
| minister1_termend = 30 December 2019
| minister1_party = Indian National Congress
| minister2 = [[Ashok Chavan]]
| minister2_termstart = 30 December 2019
| minister2_termend = 29 June 2022
| minister2_party = Indian National Congress
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = [[Ministry of Public Works (Including Public Undertakings) (Maharashtra)|Public Works (Including Public Undertakings)]]
| minister1 = [[Eknath Shinde]] ''(Acting)''
| minister1_termstart = 28 November 2019
| minister1_termend = 30 December 2019
| minister1_party = Shiv Sena
| minister2 = [[Eknath Shinde]]
| minister2_termstart = 30 December 2019
| minister2_termend = 27 June 2022
| minister2_party = Shiv Sena
| minister3 = [[Subhash Desai]] ''Additional_charge''
| minister3_termstart = 27 June 2022
| minister3_termend = 29 June 2022
| minister3_party = Shiv Sena
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = [[Ministry of Urban Development (Maharashtra)|Urban Development]]
| minister1 = [[Eknath Shinde]] ''(Acting)''
| minister1_termstart = 28 November 2019
| minister1_termend = 30 December 2019
| minister1_party = Shiv Sena
| minister2 = [[Eknath Shinde]]
| minister2_termstart = 30 December 2019
| minister2_termend = 27 June 2022
| minister2_party = Shiv Sena
| minister3 = [[Subhash Desai]] ''Additional charge''
| minister3_termstart = 27 June 2022
| minister3_termend = 29 June 2022
| minister3_party = Shiv Sena
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = [[Ministry of Revenue (Maharashtra)|Revenue]]
| minister1 = [[Balasaheb Thorat]] ''(Acting)''
| minister1_termstart = 28 November 2019
| minister1_termend = 30 December 2019
| minister1_party = Indian National Congress
| minister2 = [[Balasaheb Thorat]]
| minister2_termstart = 30 December 2019
| minister2_termend = 29 June 2022
| minister2_party = Indian National Congress
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = [[Ministry of Industries (Maharashtra)|Industries]]
| minister1 = [[Subhash Desai]] ''(Acting)''
| minister1_termstart = 28 November 2019
| minister1_termend = 30 December 2019
| minister1_party = Shiv Sena
| minister2 = [[Subhash Desai]]
| minister2_termstart = 30 December 2019
| minister2_termend = 29 June 2022
| minister2_party = Shiv Sena
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = [[Ministry of Mining Department (Maharashtra)|Mining Department]]
| minister1 = [[Subhash Desai]] ''(Acting)''
| minister1_termstart = 28 November 2019
| minister1_termend = 30 December 2019
| minister1_party = Shiv Sena
| minister2 = [[Subhash Desai]]
| minister2_termstart = 30 December 2019
| minister2_termend = 29 June 2022
| minister2_party = Shiv Sena
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = [[Ministry of Marathi Language|Marathi Language]]
| minister1 = [[Subhash Desai]] ''(Acting)''
| minister1_termstart = 28 November 2019
| minister1_termend = 30 December 2019
| minister1_party = Shiv Sena
| minister2 = [[Subhash Desai]]
| minister2_termstart = 30 December 2019
| minister2_termend = 29 June 2022
| minister2_party = Shiv Sena
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = [[Ministry of Energy, New and Renewable Energy Maharashtra|Energy, New and Renewable Energy]]
| minister1 = [[Balasaheb Thorat]] (Acting)
| minister1_termstart = 28 November 2019
| minister1_termend = 30 December 2019
| minister1_party = Indian National Congress
| minister2 = [[Nitin Raut]]
| minister2_termstart = 30 December 2019
| minister2_termend = 29 June 2022
| minister2_party = Indian National Congress
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = [[Ministry of Transport (Maharashtra)|Transport]]
| minister1 = [[Subhash Desai]] (Acting)
| minister1_termstart = 28 November 2019
| minister1_termend = 30 December 2019
| minister1_party = Shiv Sena
| minister2 = [[Anil Parab]]
| minister2_termstart = 30 December 2019
| minister2_termend = 29 June 2022
| minister2_party = Shiv Sena
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = [[Ministry of Parliamentary Affairs Government of Maharashtra|Parliamentary Affairs]]
| minister1 = [[Eknath Shinde]] (Acting)
| minister1_termstart = 28 November 2019
| minister1_termend = 30 December 2019
| minister1_party = Shiv Sena
| minister2 = [[Anil Parab]]
| minister2_termstart = 30 December 2019
| minister2_termend = 29 June 2022
| minister2_party = Shiv Sena
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = [[Ministry of Housing (Maharashtra)|Housing]]
| minister1 = [[Jayant Patil]] (Acting)
| minister1_termstart = 28 November 2019
| minister1_termend = 30 December 2019
| minister1_party = Nationalist Congress Party
| minister2 = [[Jitendra Awhad]]
| minister2_termstart = 30 December 2019
| minister2_termend = 29 June 2022
| minister2_party = Nationalist Congress Party
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = [[Ministry of Woman and Child Development Government of Maharashtra|Woman and Child Development]]
| minister1 = [[Nitin Raut]] (Acting)
| minister1_termstart = 28 November 2019
| minister1_termend = 30 December 2019
| minister1_party = Indian National Congress
| minister2 = [[Yashomati Chandrakant Thakur]]
| minister2_termstart = 30 December 2019
| minister2_termend = 29 June 2022
| minister2_party = Indian National Congress
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = [[Ministry of Water Supply (Maharashtra)|Water Supply]]
| minister1 = [[Eknath Shinde]] (Acting)
| minister1_termstart = 28 November 2019
| minister1_termend = 30 December 2019
| minister1_party = Shiv Sena
| minister2 = [[Gulabrao Patil]]
| minister2_termstart = 30 December 2019
| minister2_termend = 27 June 2022
| minister2_party = Shiv Sena
| minister3 = [[Anil Parab]] ''Additional charge''
| minister3_termstart = 27 June 2022
| minister3_termend = 29 June 2022
| minister3_party = Shiv Sena
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = [[Ministry of Sanitation (Maharashtra)|Sanitation]]
| minister1 = [[Eknath Shinde]] (Acting)
| minister1_termstart = 28 November 2019
| minister1_termend = 30 December 2019
| minister1_party = Shiv Sena
| minister2 = [[Gulabrao Patil]]
| minister2_termstart = 30 December 2019
| minister2_termend = 27 June 2022
| minister2_party = Shiv Sena
| minister3 = [[Anil Parab]] ''Additional charge''
| minister3_termstart = 27 June 2022
| minister3_termend = 29 June 2022
| minister3_party = Shiv Sena
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = [[Ministry of Food, Civil Supplies and Consumer Protection (Maharashtra)|Food, Civil Supplies and Consumer]]
| minister1 = [[Jayant Patil]] (Acting)
| minister1_termstart = 28 November 2019
| minister1_termend = 30 December 2019
| minister1_party = Nationalist Congress Party
| minister2 = [[Chhagan Bhujbal]]
| minister2_termstart = 30 December 2019
| minister2_termend = 29 June 2022
| minister2_party = Nationalist Congress Party
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = [[Ministry of Tribal Development (Maharashtra)|Tribal Development]]
| minister1 = [[Nitin Raut]] (Acting)
| minister1_termstart = 28 November 2019
| minister1_termend = 30 December 2019
| minister1_party = Indian National Congress
| minister2 = [[Kagda Chandya Padvi|Adv. Kagda Chandya Padvi]]
| minister2_termstart = 30 December 2019
| minister2_termend = 29 June 2022
| minister2_party = Indian National Congress
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = [[Ministry of Environment and Climate Change (Maharashtra)|Environment and Climate Change]]
| minister1 = [[Subhash Desai]] (Acting)
| minister1_termstart = 28 November 2019
| minister1_termend = 30 December 2019
| minister1_party = Shiv Sena
| minister2 = [[Aaditya Thackeray]]
| minister2_termstart = 30 December 2019
| minister2_termend = 29 June 2022
| minister2_party = Shiv Sena
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = [[Ministry of Tourism (Maharashtra)|Tourism]]
| minister1 = [[Eknath Shinde]] (Acting)
| minister1_termstart = 28 November 2019
| minister1_termend = 30 December 2019
| minister1_party = Shiv Sena
| minister2 = [[Aaditya Thackeray]]
| minister2_termstart = 30 December 2019
| minister2_termend = 29 June 2022
| minister2_party = Shiv Sena
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = [[Ministry of Protocol (Maharashtra)|Protocol]]
| minister1 = [[Subhash Desai]] (Acting)
| minister1_termstart = 28 November 2019
| minister1_termend = 30 December 2019
| minister1_party = Shiv Sena
| minister2 = [[Aaditya Thackeray]]
| minister2_termstart = 30 December 2019
| minister2_termend = 29 June 2022
| minister2_party = Shiv Sena
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = [[Ministry of Medical Education (Maharashtra)|Medical Education]]
| minister1 = [[Balasaheb Thorat]] (Acting)
| minister1_termstart = 28 November 2019
| minister1_termend = 30 December 2019
| minister1_party = Indian National Congress
| minister2 = [[Amit Deshmukh]]
| minister2_termstart = 30 December 2019
| minister2_termend = 29 June 2022
| minister2_party = Indian National Congress
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = [[Ministry of Cultural Affairs (Maharashtra)|Cultural Affairs]]
| minister1 = [[Subhash Desai]] (Acting)
| minister1_termstart = 28 November 2019
| minister1_termend = 30 December 2019
| minister1_party = Shiv Sena
| minister2 = [[Amit Deshmukh]]
| minister2_termstart = 30 December 2019
| minister2_termend = 29 June 2022
| minister2_party = Indian National Congress
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = [[Ministry of Higher and Technical Education (Maharashtra)|Higher and Technical Education]]
| minister1 = [[Subhash Desai]] (Acting)
| minister1_termstart = 28 November 2019
| minister1_termend = 30 December 2019
| minister1_party = Shiv Sena
| minister2 = [[Uday Samant]]
| minister2_termstart = 30 December 2019
| minister2_termend = 27 June 2022
| minister2_party = Shiv Sena
| minister3 = [[Aaditya Thackeray]] ''Additional charge''
| minister3_termstart = 27 June 2022
| minister3_termend = 29 June 2022
| minister3_party = Shiv Sena
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = [[Ministry of Food and Drug Administration (Maharashtra)|Food and Drug Administration]]
| minister1 = [[Chhagan Bhujbal]] (Acting)
| minister1_termstart = 28 November 2019
| minister1_termend = 30 December 2019
| minister1_party = Nationalist Congress Party
| minister2 = [[Rajendra Shingne]]
| minister2_termstart = 30 December 2019
| minister2_termend = 29 June 2022
| minister2_party = Nationalist Congress Party
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = [[Ministry of School Education (Maharashtra)|School Education]]
| minister1 = [[Balasaheb Thorat]] (Acting)
| minister1_termstart = 28 November 2019
| minister1_termend = 30 December 2019
| minister1_party = Indian National Congress
| minister2 = [[Varsha Gaikwad]]
| minister2_termstart = 30 December 2019
| minister2_termend = 29 June 2022
| minister2_party = Indian National Congress
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = [[Ministry of Employment Guarantee (Maharashtra)|Employment Guarantee]]
| minister1 = [[Subhash Desai]] (Acting)
| minister1_termstart = 28 November 2019
| minister1_termend = 30 December 2019
| minister1_party = Shiv Sena
| minister2 = [[Sandipanrao Bhumre]]
| minister2_termstart = 30 December 2019
| minister2_termend = 27 June 2022
| minister2_party = Shiv Sena
| minister3 = [[Shankarrao Gadakh]] ''Additional charge''
| minister3_termstart = 27 June 2022
| minister3_termend = 29 June 2022
| minister3_party = Shiv Sena
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = [[Ministry of Horticulture (Maharashtra)|Horticulture]]
| minister1 = [[Subhash Desai]] (Acting)
| minister1_termstart = 28 November 2019
| minister1_termend = 30 December 2019
| minister1_party = Shiv Sena
| minister2 = [[Sandipanrao Bhumre]]
| minister2_termstart = 30 December 2019
| minister2_termend = 27 June 2022
| minister2_party = Shiv Sena
| minister3 = [[Shankarrao Gadakh]] ''Additional charge''
| minister3_termstart = 27 June 2022
| minister3_termend = 29 June 2022
| minister3_party = Shiv Sena
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = [[Ministry of Co-operation (Maharashtra)|Co-operation]]
| minister1 = [[Jayant Patil]] (Acting)
| minister1_termstart = 28 November 2019
| minister1_termend = 30 December 2019
| minister1_party = Nationalist Congress Party
| minister2 = [[Shamrao Pandurang Patil]]
| minister2_termstart = 30 December 2019
| minister2_termend = 29 June 2022
| minister2_party = Nationalist Congress Party
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = [[Ministry of Marketing (Maharashtra)|Marketing]]
| minister1 = [[Jayant Patil]] (Acting)
| minister1_termstart = 28 November 2019
| minister1_termend = 30 December 2019
| minister1_party = Nationalist Congress Party
| minister2 = [[Shamrao Pandurang Patil]]
| minister2_termstart = 30 December 2019
| minister2_termend = 29 June 2022
| minister2_party = Nationalist Congress Party
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = [[Ministry of Textiles (Maharashtra)|Textiles]]
| minister1 = [[Nitin Raut]] (Acting)
| minister1_termstart = 28 November 2019
| minister1_termend = 30 December 2019
| minister1_party = Indian National Congress
| minister2 = [[Aslam Shaikh]]
| minister2_termstart = 30 December 2019
| minister2_termend = 29 June 2022
| minister2_party = Indian National Congress
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = [[Ministry of Fisheries Department (Maharashtra)|Fisheries Department]]
| minister1 = [[Balasaheb Thorat]] (Acting)
| minister1_termstart = 28 November 2019
| minister1_termend = 30 December 2019
| minister1_party = Indian National Congress
| minister2 = [[Aslam Shaikh]]
| minister2_termstart = 30 December 2019
| minister2_termend = 29 June 2022
| minister2_party = Indian National Congress
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = [[Ministry of Ports Development (Maharashtra)|Ports Development]]
| minister1 = [[Balasaheb Thorat]] (Acting)
| minister1_termstart = 28 November 2019
| minister1_termend = 30 December 2019
| minister1_party = Indian National Congress
| minister2 = [[Aslam Shaikh]]
| minister2_termstart = 30 December 2019
| minister2_termend = 29 June 2022
| minister2_party = Indian National Congress
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = [[Ministry of Public Health (Maharashtra)|Public Health and Family Welfare]]
| minister1 = [[Jayant Patil]] (Acting)
| minister1_termstart = 28 November 2019
| minister1_termend = 30 December 2019
| minister1_party = Nationalist Congress Party
| minister2 = [[Rajesh Tope (politician)|Rajesh Tope]]
| minister2_termstart = 30 December 2019
| minister2_termend = 29 June 2022
| minister2_party = Nationalist Congress Party
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = [[Ministry of Other Backward Classes (Maharashtra)|Other Backward Classes]]
| minister1 = [[Nitin Raut]] (Acting)
| minister1_termstart = 28 November 2019
| minister1_termend = 30 December 2019
| minister1_party = Indian National Congress
| minister2 = [[Vijay Namdevrao Wadettiwar]]
| minister2_termstart = 30 December 2019
| minister2_termend = 29 June 2022
| minister2_party = Indian National Congress
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = [[Ministry of Agriculture (Maharashtra)|Agriculture]]
| minister1 = [[Subhash Desai]] (Acting)
| minister1_termstart = 28 November 2019
| minister1_termend = 30 December 2019
| minister1_party = Shiv Sena
| minister2 = [[Dadaji Bhuse]]
| minister2_termstart = 30 December 2019
| minister2_termend = 27 June 2022
| minister2_party = Shiv Sena
| minister3 = [[Shankarrao Gadakh]] ''Additional charge''
| minister3_termstart = 27 June 2022
| minister3_termend = 29 June 2022
| minister3_party = Shiv Sena
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = [[Ministry of Other Backward Bahujan Welfare (Maharashtra)|Other Backward Bahujan Welfare]]
| minister1 = [[Nitin Raut]] (Acting)'
| minister1_termstart = 28 November 2019
| minister1_termend = 30 December 2019
| minister1_party = Indian National Congress
| minister2 = [[Vijay Namdevrao Wadettiwar]]
| minister2_termstart = 30 December 2019
| minister2_termend = 29 June 2022
| minister2_party = Indian National Congress
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = [[Ministry of Ex. Servicemen Welfare (Maharashtra)|Ex. Servicemen Welfare]]
| minister1 = [[Eknath Shinde]] (Acting)
| minister1_termstart = 28 November 2019
| minister1_termend = 30 December 2019
| minister1_party = Shiv Sena
| minister2 = [[Dadaji Bhuse]]
| minister2_termstart = 30 December 2019
| minister2_termend = 27 June 2022
| minister2_party = Shiv Sena
| minister3 = [[Shankarrao Gadakh]] ''Additional charge''
| minister3_termstart = 27 June 2022
| minister3_termend = 29 June 2022
| minister3_party = Shiv Sena
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = [[Ministry of Socially and Educationally Backward Classes (Maharashtra)|Socially and Educationally Backward Classes]]
| minister1 = [[Nitin Raut]] (Acting)
| minister1_termstart = 28 November 2019
| minister1_termend = 30 December 2019
| minister1_party = Indian National Congress
| minister2 = [[Vijay Namdevrao Wadettiwar]]
| minister2_termstart = 30 December 2019
| minister2_termend = 29 June 2022
| minister2_party = Indian National Congress
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = [[Ministry of Social Justice (Maharashtra)|Social Justice]]
| minister1 = [[Chhagan Bhujbal]] (Acting)
| minister1_termstart = 28 November 2019
| minister1_termend = 30 December 2019
| minister1_party = Nationalist Congress Party
| minister2 = [[Dhananjay Munde]]
| minister2_termstart = 30 December 2019
| minister2_termend = 29 June 2022
| minister2_party = Nationalist Congress Party
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = [[Ministry of Vimukta Jati (Maharashtra)|Vimukta Jati]]
| minister1 = [[Nitin Raut]] (Acting)
| minister1_termstart = 28 November 2019
| minister1_termend = 30 December 2019
| minister1_party = Indian National Congress
| minister2 = [[Vijay Namdevrao Wadettiwar]]
| minister2_termstart = 30 December 2019
| minister2_termend = 29 June 2022
| minister2_party = Indian National Congress
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = [[Ministry of Special Assistance (Maharashtra)|Special Assistance]]
| minister1 = [[Chhagan Bhujbal]] (Acting)
| minister1_termstart = 28 November 2019
| minister1_termend = 30 December 2019
| minister1_party = Nationalist Congress Party
| minister2 = [[Dhananjay Munde]]
| minister2_termstart = 30 December 2019
| minister2_termend = 29 June 2022
| minister2_party = Nationalist Congress Party
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = [[Ministry of Nomadic Tribes (Maharashtra)|Nomadic Tribes]]
| minister1 = [[Nitin Raut]] (Acting)
| minister1_termstart = 28 November 2019
| minister1_termend = 30 December 2019
| minister1_party = Indian National Congress
| minister2 = [[Vijay Namdevrao Wadettiwar]]
| minister2_termstart = 30 December 2019
| minister2_termend = 29 June 2022
| minister2_party = Indian National Congress
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = [[Ministry of Minority Development and Aukaf (Maharashtra)|Minority Development and Aukaf]]
| minister1 = [[Jayant Patil]] (Acting)
| minister1_termstart = 28 November 2019
| minister1_termend = 30 December 2019
| minister1_party = Nationalist Congress Party
| minister2 = [[Nawab Malik]]
| minister2_termstart = 30 December 2019
| minister2_termend = 27 March 2022
| minister2_party = Nationalist Congress Party
| minister3 = [[Jitendra Awhad]] Additional charge
| minister3_termstart = 27 March 2022
| minister3_termend = 29 June 2022
| minister3_party = Nationalist Congress Party
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = [[Ministry of Special Backward Classes Welfare (Maharashtra)|Special Backward Classes Welfare]]
| minister1 = [[Nitin Raut]] (Acting)
| minister1_termstart = 28 November 2019
| minister1_termend = 30 December 2019
| minister1_party = Indian National Congress
| minister2 = [[Vijay Namdevrao Wadettiwar]]
| minister2_termstart = 30 December 2019
| minister2_termend = 29 June 2022
| minister2_party = Indian National Congress
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = [[Department of Animal Husbandry (Maharashtra)|Animal Husbandry]]
| minister1 = [[Balasaheb Thorat]] (Acting)
| minister1_termstart = 28 November 2019
| minister1_termend = 30 December 2019
| minister1_party = Indian National Congress
| minister2 = [[Sunil Chhatrapal Kedar]]
| minister2_termstart = 30 December 2019
| minister2_termend = 29 June 2022
| minister2_party = Indian National Congress
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = [[Ministry of Khar Land Development (Maharashtra)|Khar Land Development]]
| minister1 = [[Balasaheb Thorat]] (Acting)
| minister1_termstart = 28 November 2019
| minister1_termend = 30 December 2019
| minister1_party = Indian National Congress
| minister2 = [[Vijay Namdevrao Wadettiwar]]
| minister2_termstart = 30 December 2019
| minister2_termend = 29 June 2022
| minister2_party = Indian National Congress
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = [[Ministry of Dairy Development (Maharashtra)|Dairy Development]]
| minister1 = [[Balasaheb Thorat]] (Acting)
| minister1_termstart = 28 November 2019
| minister1_termend = 30 December 2019
| minister1_party = Indian National Congress
| minister2 = [[Sunil Chhatrapal Kedar]]
| minister2_termstart = 30 December 2019
| minister2_termend = 29 June 2022
| minister2_party = Indian National Congress
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = [[Ministry of Earthquake Rehabilitation (Maharashtra)|Earthquake Rehabilitation]]
| minister1 = [[Subhash Desai]] (Acting)
| minister1_termstart = 28 November 2019
| minister1_termend = 30 December 2019
| minister1_party = Shiv Sena
| minister2 = [[Vijay Namdevrao Wadettiwar]]
| minister2_termstart = 30 December 2019
| minister2_termend = 29 June 2022
| minister2_party = Indian National Congress
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = [[Ministry of Sports and Youth Welfare (Maharashtra)|Sports and Youth Welfare]]
| minister1 = [[Subhash Desai]] (Acting)
| minister1_termstart = 28 November 2019
| minister1_termend = 30 December 2019
| minister1_party = Shiv Sena
| minister2 = [[Sunil Chhatrapal Kedar]]
| minister2_termstart = 30 December 2019
| minister2_termend = 29 June 2022
| minister2_party = Indian National Congress
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = [[Ministry of Skill Development and Entrepreneurship (Maharashtra)|Skill Development and Entrepreneurship]]
| minister1 = [[Chhagan Bhujbal]] (Acting)
| minister1_termstart = 28 November 2019
| minister1_termend = 30 December 2019
| minister1_party = Nationalist Congress Party
| minister2 = [[Nawab Malik]]
| minister2_termstart = 30 December 2019
| minister2_termend = 27 March 2022
| minister2_party = Nationalist Congress Party
| minister3 = [[Rajesh Tope (politician)|Rajesh Tope]]
 Additional charge
| minister3_termstart = 27 March 2022
| minister3_termend = 29 June 2022
| minister3_party = Nationalist Congress Party
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = [[Ministry of Disaster Management (Maharashtra)|Disaster Management]]
| minister1 = [[Nitin Raut]] (Acting)
| minister1_termstart = 28 November 2019
| minister1_termend = 30 December 2019
| minister1_party = Indian National Congress
| minister2 = [[Sanjay Rathod]]
| minister2_termstart = 30 December 2019
| minister2_termend = 28 February 2021
| minister2_party = Shiv Sena
| minister3 = [[Uddhav Thackeray]] (Additional Charge) {{small|[[Chief Minister of Maharashtra|Chief Minister]]}}
| minister3_termstart = 28 February 2021
| minister3_termend = 9 July 2021
| minister3_party = Shiv Sena
| minister4 = [[Vijay Namdevrao Wadettiwar]]
| minister4_termstart = 9 July 2021
| minister4_termend = 29 June 2022
| minister4_party = Indian National Congress
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = [[Ministry of Relief & Rehabilitation (Maharashtra)|Relief & Rehabilitation]]
| minister1 = [[Nitin Raut]] (Acting)
| minister1_termstart = 28 November 2019
| minister1_termend = 30 December 2019
| minister1_party = Indian National Congress
| minister2 = [[Sanjay Rathod]]
| minister2_termstart = 30 December 2019
| minister2_termend = 28 February 2021
| minister2_party = Shiv Sena
| minister3 = [[Uddhav Thackeray]] (Additional Charge) {{small|[[Chief Minister of Maharashtra|Chief Minister]]}}
| minister3_termstart = 28 February 2021
| minister3_termend = 9 July 2021
| minister3_party = Shiv Sena
| minister4 = [[Vijay Namdevrao Wadettiwar]]
| minister4_termstart = 9 July 2021
| minister4_termend = 29 June 2022
| minister4_party = Indian National Congress
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = [[Ministry of Majority Welfare Development (Maharashtra)|Majority Welfare Development]]
| minister1 = [[Subhash Desai]] (Acting)
| minister1_termstart = 28 November 2019
| minister1_termend = 30 December 2019
| minister1_party = Shiv Sena
| minister2 = [[Vijay Namdevrao Wadettiwar]]
| minister2_termstart = 30 December 2019
| minister2_termend = 29 June 2022
| minister2_party = Indian National Congress
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = [[Ministry of Soil and Water Conservation (Maharashtra)|Soil and Water Conservation]]
| minister1 = [[Eknath Shinde]] (Acting)
| minister1_termstart = 28 November 2019
| minister1_termend = 30 December 2019
| minister1_party = Shiv Sena
| minister2 = [[Shankarrao Gadakh]]
| minister2_termstart = 30 December 2019
| minister2_termend = 29 June 2022
| minister2_party = Shiv Sena
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = [[Ministry of Rural Development Government of Maharashtra|Rural Development]]
| minister1 = [[Chhagan Bhujbal]] (Acting)
| minister1_termstart = 28 November 2019
| minister1_termend = 30 December 2019
| minister1_party = Nationalist Congress Party
| minister2 = [[Hasan Mushrif]]
| minister2_termstart = 30 December 2019
| minister2_termend = 29 June 2022
| minister2_party = Nationalist Congress Party
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = [[Ministry of Labour (Maharashtra)|Labour]]
| minister1 = [[Jayant Patil]] (Acting)
| minister1_termstart = 28 November 2019
| minister1_termend = 30 December 2019
| minister1_party = Nationalist Congress Party
| minister2 = [[Dilip Walse-Patil]]
| minister2_termstart = 30 December 2019
| minister2_termend = 5 April 2021
| minister2_party = Nationalist Congress Party
| minister3 = [[Hasan Mushrif]] (Additional Charge)
| minister3_termstart = 30 December 2019
| minister3_termend = 29 June 2022
| minister3_party = Nationalist Congress Party
}}
{{Cabinet table end}}

==District Wise break up==
{{Pie chart
| caption= Representation of Ministers by district
| label1 = Ahmednagar
| value1 = 7.51| color1 = violet
| label2 = Amaravati
| value2 = 4.87 | color2 = indigo
| label3 = Aurangabad
| value3 = 4.87 | color3 = blue
| label4 = Beed
| value4 = 2.43 | color4 = yellow
| label5 = Buldhana
| value5 = 2.43| color5 = green
| label6 = Chandrapur
| value6 = 2.43 | color6 = brown
| label7 = Thane
| value7 = 4.87 | color7 = red
| label8 = Jalgaon
| value8 = 2.43 | color8 = aqua
| label9 = Jalna
| value9 = 2.43 | color9 = wheat
| label10 = Kolhapur
| value10 = 7.31 | color10 = magenta
| label11 = Latur
| value11 = 4.87 | color11 = purple
| label12 = Mumbai City
| value12 = 4.87 | color12 = pink
| label13 = Mumbai Suburban
| value13 = 9.75 | color13 = chocolate
| label14 = Nagpur
| value14 = 4.87 | color14 = darkviolet
| label15 = Nanded
| value15 = 2.43 | color15 = darkblue
| label16 = Nandurbar
| value16 = 2.43| color16 = orange
| label17 = Nashik
| value17 = 4.87 | color17 = black
| label18 = Pune
| value18 = 7.31 | color18 = maroon
| label19 = Raigad
| value19 = 2.43 | color19 = khaki
| label20 = Ratnagiri
| value20 = 4.87 | color20 = gold
| label21 = Sangli
| value21 = 4.87 | color21 = salmon
| label22 = Satara
| value22 = 4.87 | color22 = gray
}}
{| class="wikitable"
!District
!Ministers
!Name
! colspan="2" |Party
!Designation
|-
| rowspan="3" |[[Ahmednagar district|Ahmednagar]]
! rowspan="3" |3
|[[Balasaheb Thorat]]
| style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|Cabinet Minister
|-
|[[Shankarrao Gadakh]]
| style="background-color: {{party color|Shiv Sena}}" |
|[[Shiv Sena (1966–2022)|Shivsena]]
|Cabinet Minister
|-
|[[Prajakt Tanpure]]
| style="background-color: {{party color|Nationalist Congress Party}}" |
|[[Nationalist Congress Party]]
|Minister of State
|-
|[[Akola district|Akola]]
!0
! colspan="4" |-
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[Amaravati district|Amaravati]]
! rowspan="2" |2
|[[Yashomati Chandrakant Thakur]]
| style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|Cabinet Minister
|-
|[[Bachchu Kadu]]
| style="background-color: {{party color|Shiv Sena}}" |
|[[Prahar Janshakti Party]](SHS)
|Minister of State
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[Aurangabad District, Maharashtra|Aurangabad]]
! rowspan="2" |2
|[[Sandipanrao Bhumre]]
| style="background-color: {{party color|Shiv Sena}}" |
|[[Shiv Sena (1966–2022)|Shivsena]]
|Cabinet Minister
|-
|[[Abdul Sattar Abdul Nabi]]
| style="background-color: {{party color|Shiv Sena}}" |
|[[Shiv Sena (1966–2022)|Shivsena]]
|Minister of State
|-
|[[Beed district|Beed]]
!1
|[[Dhananjay Munde]]
| style="background-color: {{party color|Nationalist Congress Party}}" |
|[[Nationalist Congress Party]]
|Cabinet Minister
|-
|[[Bhandara district|Bhandara]]
!0
! colspan="4" |-
|-
|[[Buldhana District|Buldhana]]
!1
|[[Rajendra Shingne]]
| style="background-color: {{party color|Nationalist Congress Party}}" |
|[[Nationalist Congress Party]]
|Cabinet Minister
|-
|[[Chandrapur district|Chandrapur]]
!
|[[Vijay Namdevrao Wadettiwar]]
| style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|Cabinet Minister
|-
|[[Dhule district|Dhule]]
! rowspan="4" |0
! colspan="4" rowspan="4" |-
|-
|[[Gadchiroli district|Gadchiroli]]
|-
|[[Gondiya district|Gondiya]]
|-
|[[Hingoli district|Hingoli]]
|-
|[[Jalgaon district|Jalgaon]]
!1
|[[Gulab Raghunath Patil]]
| style="background-color: {{party color|Shiv Sena}}" |
|[[Shiv Sena (1966–2022)|Shivsena]]
|Cabinet Minister
|-
|[[Jalna district|Jalna]]
!1
|[[Rajesh Tope (politician)|Rajesh Tope]]
| style="background-color: {{party color|Nationalist Congress Party}}" |
| rowspan="2" |[[Nationalist Congress Party]]
|Cabinet Minister
|-
| rowspan="3" |[[Kolhapur district|Kolhapur]]
! rowspan="3" |3
|[[Hasan Mushrif]]
| style="background-color: {{party color|Nationalist Congress Party}}" |
|Cabinet Minister
|-
|[[Satej Patil]]
| style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|Minister of State
|-
|[[Rajendra Patil]]
| style="background-color: {{party color|Shiv Sena}}" |
|[[Independent politician|Independent(SHS)]]
|Minister of State
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[Latur district|Latur]]
! rowspan="2" |2
|[[Amit Deshmukh]]
| style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|Cabinet Minister
|-
|[[Sanjay Bansode]]
| style="background-color: {{party color|Nationalist Congress Party}}" |
|[[Nationalist Congress Party]]
|Minister of State
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[Mumbai City district|Mumbai City]]
! rowspan="2" |2
|[[Aaditya Thackeray]]
| style="background-color: {{party color|Shiv Sena}}" |
|[[Shiv Sena (1966–2022)|Shivsena]]
|Cabinet Minister
|-
|[[Varsha Gaikwad]]
| style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|Cabinet Minister
|-
| rowspan="4" |[[Mumbai Suburban district|Mumbai Suburban]]
! rowspan="4" |4
|'''''[[Uddhav Thackeray]]'''''
| style="background-color: {{party color|Shiv Sena}}" |
|'''[[Shiv Sena (1966–2022)|Shivsena]]'''
|'''Chief Minister'''
|-
|[[Subhash Desai]]
| style="background-color: {{party color|Shiv Sena}}" |
|[[Shiv Sena (1966–2022)|Shivsena]]
|Cabinet Minister
|-
|[[Aslam Shaikh]]
| style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|Cabinet Minister
|-
|[[Nawab Malik]]
| style="background-color: {{party color|Nationalist Congress Party}}" |
|[[Nationalist Congress Party]]
|Cabinet Minister
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[Nagpur district|Nagpur]]
! rowspan="2" |2
|[[Nitin Raut]]
| style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|Cabinet Minister
|-
|[[Sunil Chhatrapal Kedar]]
| style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|Cabinet Minister
|-
|[[Nanded district|Nanded]]
!1
|[[Ashok Chavan]]
| style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|Cabinet Minister
|-
|[[Nandurbar district|Nandurbar]]
!1
|[[Kagda Chandya Padvi|K. C. Padavi]]
| style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|Cabinet Minister
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[Nashik district|Nashik]]
! rowspan="2" |2
|[[Dadaji Bhuse]]
| style="background-color: {{party color|Shiv Sena}}" |
|[[Shiv Sena (1966–2022)|Shivsena]]
|Cabinet Minister
|-
|[[Chhagan Bhujbal]]
| style="background-color: {{party color|Nationalist Congress Party}}" |
|[[Nationalist Congress Party]]
|Cabinet Minister
|-
|[[Osmanabad district|Osmanabad]]
! rowspan="3" |0
! colspan="4" rowspan="3" |-
|-
|[[Palghar district|Palghar]]
|-
|[[Parbhani district|Parbhani]]
|-
| rowspan="3" |[[Pune district|Pune]]
! rowspan="3" |3
|'''''[[Ajit Pawar]]'''''
| style="background-color: {{party color|Nationalist Congress Party}}" |
|'''[[Nationalist Congress Party]]'''
|'''Deputy Chief Minister'''
|-
|[[Dattatray Vithoba Bharne]]
| style="background-color: {{party color|Nationalist Congress Party}}" |
|[[Nationalist Congress Party]]
|Minister of State
|-
|[[Dilip Walse-Patil]]
| style="background-color: {{party color|Nationalist Congress Party}}" |
|[[Nationalist Congress Party]]
|Cabinet Minister
|-
|[[Raigad district|Raigad]]
!1
|[[Aditi Sunil Tatkare]]
| style="background-color: {{party color|Nationalist Congress Party}}" |
|[[Nationalist Congress Party]]
|Minister of State
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[Ratnagiri district|Ratnagiri]]
! rowspan="2" |2
|[[Anil Parab]]
| style="background-color: {{party color|Shiv Sena}}" |
|[[Shiv Sena (1966–2022)|Shivsena]]
|Cabinet Minister
|-
|[[Uday Samant]]
| style="background-color: {{party color|Shiv Sena}}" |
|[[Shiv Sena (1966–2022)|Shivsena]]
|Cabinet Minister
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[Sangli district|Sangli]]
! rowspan="2" |2
|[[Jayant Patil]]
| style="background-color: {{party color|Nationalist Congress Party}}" |
|[[Nationalist Congress Party]]
|Cabinet Minister
|-
|[[Vishwajeet Kadam]]
| style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|Minister of State
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[Satara district|Satara]]
! rowspan="2" |2
|[[Shambhuraj Desai]]
| style="background-color: {{party color|Shiv Sena}}" |
|[[Shiv Sena (1966–2022)|Shivsena]]
|Minister of State
|-
|[[Balasaheb Alias Shamrao Pandurang Patil]]
| style="background-color: {{party color|Nationalist Congress Party}}" |
|[[Nationalist Congress Party]]
|Cabinet Minister
|-
|[[Sindhudurg district|Sindhudurg]]
! rowspan="2" |0
! colspan="4" rowspan="2" |-
|-
|[[Solapur district|Solapur]]
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[Thane district|Thane]]
! rowspan="2" |2
|[[Eknath Shinde]]
| style="background-color: {{party color|Shiv Sena}}" |
|[[Shiv Sena (1966–2022)|Shivsena]]
|Cabinet Minister
|-
|[[Jitendra Awhad]]
| style="background-color: {{party color|Nationalist Congress Party}}" |
|[[Nationalist Congress Party]]
|Cabinet Minister
|-
|[[Wardha district|Wardha]]
! rowspan="3" |0
! colspan="4" rowspan="3" |-
|-
|[[Washim district|Washim]]
|-
|[[Yavatmal district|Yavatmal]]
|}

== Guardian Ministers ==

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Sr No.
! District
!Guardian Minister
!colspan="2" scope="col" |Party
!colspan="2" scope="col" |Tenure
|-
| 01
| '''[[Ahmednagar district|Ahmednagar]]'''
| '''[[Hasan Mushrif]]'''
| rowspan=1 |[[Nationalist Congress Party|NCP]]
| rowspan=1 style="width:1px; background-color: {{party color|Nationalist Congress Party}}" |
| style="text-align:center;" | 9 January 2020
| rowspan="36" style="text-align:center;" |29 June 2022
|-
| 02
| '''[[Akola district|Akola]]'''
| '''[[Amit Deshmukh]]'''
''Additional Charge''
| rowspan=2 |[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
| rowspan=2 style="width:1px; background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
| style="text-align:center;" | 27 June 2022
|-
| 03
| '''[[Amaravati district|Amaravati]]'''
| '''[[Yashomati Chandrakant Thakur]]'''
| style="text-align:center;" | 9 January 2020
|-
| 04
| '''[[Aurangabad district, Maharashtra|Aurangabad]]'''
| '''[[Subhash Desai]]'''
| rowspan=1 |[[Shiv Sena|SS]]
| rowspan=1 style="width:1px; background-color: {{party color|Shiv Sena}}" |
| style="text-align:center;" | 9 January 2020
|-
| 05
| '''[[Beed district|Beed]]'''
| '''[[Dhananjay Munde]]'''
| rowspan=1 |[[Nationalist Congress Party|NCP]]
| rowspan=1 style="width:1px; background-color: {{party color|Nationalist Congress Party}}" |
| style="text-align:center;" | 9 January 2020
|-
| 06
| '''[[Bhandara district|Bhandara]]'''
| '''[[Vishwajeet Kadam]]'''
| rowspan=1 |[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
| rowspan=1 style="width:1px; background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
| style="text-align:center;" | 9 January 2020
|-
| 07
| '''[[Buldhana district|Buldhana]]'''
| '''[[Rajendra Shingne]]'''
| rowspan=1 |[[Nationalist Congress Party|NCP]]
| rowspan=1 style="width:1px; background-color: {{party color|Nationalist Congress Party}}" |
| style="text-align:center;" | 9 January 2020
|-
| 08
| '''[[Chandrapur district|Chandrapur]]'''
| '''[[Vijay Namdevrao Wadettiwar]]'''
| rowspan=3 |[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
| rowspan=3 style="width:1px; background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
| style="text-align:center;" | 9 January 2020
|-
| 09
| '''[[Dhule district|Dhule]]'''
| '''[[Balasaheb Thorat]]'''
''Additional Charge''
| style="text-align:center;" | 27 June 2022
|-
| 10
| '''[[Gadchiroli district|Gadchiroli]]'''
| '''[[Vijay Namdevrao Wadettiwar]]'''
''Additional Charge''
| style="text-align:center;" | 27 June 2022
|-
| 11
| '''[[Gondiya district|Gondiya]]'''
| '''[[Prajakt Tanpure]]''' ''Additional Charge''
| rowspan=1 |[[Nationalist Congress Party|NCP]]
| rowspan=1 style="width:1px; background-color: {{party color|Nationalist Congress Party}}" |
| style="text-align:center;" | 27 March 2022
|-
| 12
| '''[[Hingoli district|Hingoli]]'''
| '''[[Varsha Gaikwad]]'''
| rowspan=1 |[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
| rowspan=1 style="width:1px; background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
| style="text-align:center;" | 9 January 2020
|-
| 13
| '''[[Jalgaon district|Jalgaon]]'''
| '''[[Aaditya Thackeray|Aaditya Uddhav Thackeray]]'''
''Additional Charge''
| rowspan=1 |[[Shiv Sena|SS]]
| rowspan=1 style="width:1px; background-color: {{party color|Shiv Sena}}" |
| style="text-align:center;" |
27 June 2022
|-
| 14
| '''[[Jalna district|Jalna]]'''
| '''[[Rajesh Tope (politician)|Rajesh Tope]]'''
| rowspan=1 |[[Nationalist Congress Party|NCP]]
| rowspan=1 style="width:1px; background-color: {{party color|Nationalist Congress Party}}" |
| style="text-align:center;" | 9 January 2020
|-
| 15
|'''[[Kolhapur district|Kolhapur]]'''
| '''[[Satej Patil]]'''
| rowspan="3" |[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
| rowspan="3" style="width:1px; background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
| style="text-align:center;" | 9 January 2020
|-
| 16
|'''[[Latur district|Latur]]'''
| '''[[Amit Deshmukh]]'''
| style="text-align:center;" | 9 January 2020
|-
| 17
| '''[[Mumbai City district|Mumbai City]]'''
| '''[[Aslam Shaikh|Aslam Ramzan Ali Shaikh]]'''
| style="text-align:center;" | 9 January 2020
|-
| 18
| '''[[Mumbai Suburban district|Mumbai Suburban]]'''
| '''[[Aaditya Thackeray|Aaditya Uddhav Thackeray]]'''
| rowspan=1 |[[Shiv Sena|SS]]
| rowspan=1 style="width:1px; background-color: {{party color|Shiv Sena}}" |
| style="text-align:center;" | 9 January 2020
|-
| 19
|'''[[Nagpur district|Nagpur]]'''
| '''[[Nitin Raut|Dr. Nitin Kashinath Raut]]'''
| rowspan="3" |[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
| rowspan="3" style="width:1px; background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
| style="text-align:center;" | 9 January 2020
|-
| 20
| '''[[Nanded district|Nanded]]'''
| '''[[Ashok Chavan]]'''
| style="text-align:center;" | 9 January 2020
|-
|21
| '''[[Nandurbar district|Nandurbar]]'''
| '''[[Kagda Chandya Padvi]]'''
| style="text-align:center;" | 9 January 2020
|-
|22
| '''[[Nashik district|Nashik]]'''
| '''[[Chhagan Bhujbal]]'''
| rowspan=1 |[[Nationalist Congress Party|NCP]]
| rowspan=1 style="width:1px; background-color: {{party color|Nationalist Congress Party}}" |
| style="text-align:center;" | 9 January 2020
|-
|23
| '''[[Osmanabad district|Osmanabad]]'''
| '''[[Shankarrao Gadakh]]'''
| [[Shiv Sena|SS]]
| style="width:1px; background-color: {{party color|Shiv Sena}}" |
| style="text-align:center;" | 9 January 2020
|-
|24
| '''[[Palghar district|Palghar]]'''
| '''[[Aditi Sunil Tatkare]]''' ''Additional Charge''
| rowspan="4" |[[Nationalist Congress Party|NCP]]
| rowspan="4" style="width:1px; background-color: {{party color|Nationalist Congress Party}}" |
| style="text-align:center;" | 27 June 2022
|-
|25
| '''[[Parbhani district|Parbhani]]'''
| '''[[Dhananjay Munde]]''' ''Additional Charge''
| style="text-align:center;" | 27 March 2022
|-
|26
| '''[[Pune district|Pune]]'''
| '''[[Ajit Pawar]]''' {{small|([[Deputy Chief Minister of Maharashtra|Deputy Chief Minister]])}}
| style="text-align:center;" | 9 January 2020
|-
|27
| '''[[Raigad district|Raigad]]'''
|'''[[Aditi Sunil Tatkare]]'''
| style="text-align:center;" | 9 January 2020
|-
|28
| '''[[Ratnagiri district|Ratnagiri]]'''
| '''[[Anil Parab]]'''
| rowspan=1 |[[Shiv Sena|SS]]
| rowspan=1 style="width:1px; background-color: {{party color|Shiv Sena}}" |
| style="text-align:center;" | 9 January 2020
|-
|29
| '''[[Sangli district|Sangli]]'''
| '''[[Jayant Patil]]'''
| rowspan="2" |[[Nationalist Congress Party|NCP]]
| rowspan="2" style="width:1px; background-color: {{party color|Nationalist Congress Party}}" |
| style="text-align:center;" | 9 January 2020
|-
|30
| '''[[Satara district|Satara]]'''
| '''Balasaheb Alias Shamrao Pandurang Patil'''
| style="text-align:center;" | 9 January 2020
|-
|31
| '''[[Sindhudurg district|Sindhudurg]]'''
| '''[[Anil Parab]]'''
''Additional Charge''
| rowspan=1 |[[Shiv Sena|SS]]
| rowspan=1 style="width:1px; background-color: {{party color|Shiv Sena}}" |
| style="text-align:center;" | 27 June 2022
|-
|32
|'''[[Solapur district|Solapur]]'''
|'''[[Dattatray Vithoba Bharne]]'''
| rowspan=1 |[[Nationalist Congress Party|NCP]]
| rowspan=1 style="width:1px; background-color: {{party color|Nationalist Congress Party}}" |
| style="text-align:center;" | 9 January 2020
|-
|33
|'''[[Thane district|Thane]]'''
| '''[[Subhash Desai]]'''
''Additional Charge''
| rowspan=1 |[[Shiv Sena|SS]]
| rowspan=1 style="width:1px; background-color: {{party color|Shiv Sena}}" |
| style="text-align:center;" | 27 June 2022
|-
|34
|'''[[Wardha district|Wardha]]'''
| '''[[Sunil Chhatrapal Kedar]]'''
| rowspan=2 |[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
| rowspan=2 style="width:1px; background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
| style="text-align:center;" | 9 January 2020
|-
|35
|'''[[Washim district|Washim]]'''
| '''[[Sunil Chhatrapal Kedar]]'''
''Additional Charge''
| style="text-align:center;" | 27 June 2022
|-
|36
|'''[[Yavatmal district|Yavatmal]]'''
| '''[[Shankarrao Gadakh]]'''
''Additional Charge''
| [[Shiv Sena|SS]]
| style="width:1px; background-color: {{party color|Shiv Sena}}" |
| style="text-align:center;" | 27 June 2022
|-
|}

== Ministers by Party ==
{{Pie chart|value1=32|value2=36|value3=32|color1={{party color|Shiv Sena}}|color2={{party color|Nationalist Congress Party}}|color3={{party color|Indian National Congress}}|caption=Representation of cabinet ministers by party|label1=Shiv Sena|label2=Nationalist Congress Party|label3=Indian National Congress}}

{| class="wikitable"
|+
! colspan="2" |Party
!Cabinet Ministers
!Ministers of State
!Total Ministers
|-
|width="4px" bgcolor="{{party color|Shiv Sena}}"|
|[[Shiv Sena]]
|10
|4
|14
|-
|width="4px" bgcolor="{{party color|Nationalist Congress Party}}"|
|[[Nationalist Congress Party]]
|11
|4
|15
|-
|width="4px" bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|10
|2
|12
|}

== Former members ==
{|class = "wikitable"
|-
! SI No.
! Name
! Constituency
! Department
! Tenure
! colspan="2" scope="col" | Party
! Reason
|- style="text-align:center; height:60px;"
|1.
| '''[[Sanjay Rathod]]'''
| [[Digras (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Digras]]
|
*[[Ministry of Forests Department of Maharashtra|Forests Department.]]
*Disaster Management
*Relief and Rehabilitation
| 30 December 2019 – 28 February 2021
| width="4px" bgcolor="{{party color|Shiv Sena}}"|
|[[Shiv Sena|SHS]]
| Resignation over allegations for death of a Tiktok Star<ref name="Anil" />
|-
|- style="text-align:center; height:60px;"
|2.
| '''[[Anil Deshmukh]]'''
| [[Katol (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Katol]]
|
*[[Ministry of Home Affairs Government of Maharashtra|Home Affairs.]]
| 30 December 2019 – 5 April 2021
| width="4px" bgcolor="{{party color|Nationalist Congress Party}}"|
| [[Nationalist Congress Party|NCP]]
| Resigned after the Bombay High Court directed CBI to conduct preliminary enquiry into corruption allegations against him.<ref name="Anil">{{cite web | url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/maharashtra-home-minister-anil-deshmukh-resigns/article34243684.ece | title=Maharashtra Home Minister Anil Deshmukh resigns as Bombay High Court orders CBI probe into corruption charges | work=The Hindu | date=5 April 2021 | accessdate=8 April 2021 | author=Deshpande, Alok | archive-date=7 April 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210407143854/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/maharashtra-home-minister-anil-deshmukh-resigns/article34243684.ece | url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|-
|}

=== Economy ===
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Financial Year
! colspan="2" |Gross Domestic Product
! colspan="2" |Gross State Domestic Product
! colspan="2" |Fiscal Deficit
|-
|2020
|₹ 28.05 trillion
|
|₹ 32,24,013 lakh Crore
|
|2.69%
|
|-
|2021
|₹ 30.61 trillion
|{{Increase}} 2.56 trillion
|₹ 34,81,000 lakh Crore
|{{Increase}} 2,56,987 lakh crore
|2.24%
|{{Decrease}} 0.45%
|-
|2022 half
|₹ 35.81 trillion
|{{Increase}} 5.20 trillion
|₹ 35,81,000 lakh Crore
|{{Increase}} 1,00,000 lakh crore
|2.79%
|{{Increase}} 0.55%
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Maharashtra state government ministries}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Thackeray ministry}}
[[Category:Indian ministries established in 2019]]
[[Category:2019 establishments in Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Maharashtra ministries|Thackeray]]
[[Category:Nationalist Congress Party]]
[[Category:Shiv Sena]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress]]
[[Category:Indian ministries disestablished in 2022]]

Apurva Agnihotri

2026-02-14T07:05:30Z

Wavage786: improve references for accuracy and corrected details

{{short description|Indian television actor}}

{{Use Indian English|date=September 2013}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2023}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Apurva Agnihotri
| image = Apurva Agnihotri in 2013 (cropped).jpg
| imagesize = 170px
| caption = Agnihotri in 2013
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1972|12|02|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Kanpur]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[India]]
| occupation = {{Hlist | Model | actor}}
| years_active = 1997–present
| children = 1
| spouse = {{marriage|[[Shilpa Saklani]]|2004}}
}}
'''Apurva Agnihotri''' is an Indian actor and model who has appeared in both Bollywood films and Indian television serials. His debut film role was in the 1997 hit ''Pardes''. He later starred in ''[[Jassi Jaissi Koi Nahin]]''.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/television-news/article/apurva-agnihotri-like-my-life-away-from-the-limelight-19127185|title=Apurva Agnihotri: Like my life away from the limelight |first1=Letty Mariam |last1=Abraham |date=28 February 2018 |work=[[Mid-Day.com]]|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-apurva-agnihotri-wants-to-return-to-films-1682126|title=Apurva Agnihotri wants to return to films|work=[[Daily News and Analysis]] |first1=Chaya |last1=Unnikrishnan |date=21 November 2013 |language=en-US}}</ref>

==Personal life==
In 2004, he married television actress [[Shilpa Saklani]]. The couple have a daughter.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/we-bet-you-have-not-seen-these-wedding-pictures-of-tv-celebs/apurva-agnihotri-wishes-wife-shilpa-saklani-on-their-anniversary-shares-a-beautiful-pic-of-their-wedding/photostory/64779887.cms|title=Apurva Agnihotri wishes wife Shilpa Saklani on their anniversary, shares a beautiful picture of their wedding!|website=The Times of India}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/these-photos-of-apurva-and-shilpa-agnihotri-will-make-you-go-awww/liveblog/51325881.cms|title=These photos of Apurva and Shilpa Agnihotri will make you go awww!|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref>

==Career==
Agnihotri debuted in the film ''[[Pardes (1997 film)|Pardes]]'', co-starring with [[Shah Rukh Khan|Shahrukh Khan]] and directed by [[Subhash Ghai]]. The film was highly successful and garnered Agnihotri the nomination for [[Zee Cine Award for Best Actor in a Supporting Role – Male|Best Supporting Actor]] in [[Zee Cine Awards]].

After several more film roles, he was offered the lead role in ''[[Jassi Jaissi Koi Nahin]]'', an Indian television serial. His work as Armaan Suri won him the [[Indian Telly Awards]] Best Actor Award for 2005.

He participated in [[Colors TV]]'s ''[[Bigg Boss (Hindi season 7)|Bigg Boss 7]]'' on 15 September 2013 with his wife [[Shilpa Saklani]]. He went on to play roles in shows like ''[[Pyaar Ka Dard Hai Meetha Meetha Pyaara Pyaara]]'', ''[[Ajeeb Dastaan Hai Yeh]]'' and ''[[SauBhagyalaxmi]]''. In 2018, he joined ''[[Bepannah]]'' as Rajveer Khanna.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/soaps/story/this-popular-actor-is-all-set-to-enter-jennifer-winget-and-harshad-chopda-s-bepannaah-1225586-2018-05-03|title=Apurva Agnihotri is all set to enter Jennifer Winget and Harshad Chopda's Bepannaah|website=India Today|language=en}}</ref>

He then portrayed Harry Somani in [[ALT Balaji]]'s ''[[Kehne Ko Humsafar Hain]]'' for three seasons.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Apurva Agnihotri: Television is somehow still stuck in the regressive stage |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/binge-watch/story/apurva-agnihotri-television-is-somehow-still-stuck-in-the-regressive-stage-1690015-2020-06-17 |access-date=2023-06-21 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref> Since December 2025, he played Dr. Fareed Quadri in [[Colors TV]]'s ''[[Seher - Hone Ko Hai]]''.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Sehgal|first=Chirag|date=25 October 2025 |title=Apurva Agnihotri To Play Dr Farid In Upcoming Television Show Seher Hone Ko Hai
|url=https://www.news18.com/movies/television/apurva-agnihotri-to-play-dr-farid-in-upcoming-television-show-seher-hone-ko-hai-aa-9657811.html|access-date=20 November 2025|work=[[News18]]|language=en}}</ref>

==Filmography==

=== Films ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Year||Title||Role||Notes
|-
|1997||''[[Pardes (1997 film)|Pardes]]''||Rajiv Lal||
|-
|1999||''[[Pyaar Koi Khel Nahin]]''||Ashok/Sunil||
|-
|2000||''[[Krodh (film)|Krodh]]''||Raj Verma||
|-
| rowspan="2" |2001||''[[Hum Ho Gaye Aapke]]''||Mohan Sachdev||
|-
|''[[Kasoor]]''||Amit||
|-
|2002||''[[Pyaar Diwana Hota Hai]]''||Vikram||
|-
|2003||''[[Dhund: The Fog|Dhund]]''||Kunal||
|-
|2004||''[[Lakeer]]''||Ronny Dsouza||
|}

=== Television ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year
! Serial
! Role
! Notes
|-
| 2003–2006
| ''[[Jassi Jaissi Koi Nahin]]''
| Armaan Suri
|
|-
| 2005 || ''[[Nach Baliye#Season 1|Nach Baliye 1]]'' || Contestant
|6th place
|-
| 2006–2007
| ''[[Kaajjal]]''
| Dev Pratapsingh
|
|-
| 2008–2009 || ''[[Radhaa Ki Betiyaan Kuch Kar Dikhayengi]]'' || Dr. Shekhar Kapoor
|
|-
| 2009 || ''[[Pati Patni Aur Woh (TV series)|Pati Patni Aur Woh]]'' || Contestant
|
|-
| 2010 || ''[[Sapna Babul Ka...Bidaai]]'' || Anmol Rajvansh
|
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2012 || ''[[Aasman Se Aage]]'' || Dev Chopra
|
|-
| ''[[Ek Hazaaron Mein Meri Behna Hai]]''
|Himself
|Guest
|-
| 2013 || ''[[Bigg Boss (Hindi season 7)|Bigg Boss 7]]'' || Contestant
|13th place
|-
| 2014 || ''[[Pyaar Ka Dard Hai Meetha Meetha Pyaara Pyaara]]'' || Vikram Dhanrajgir
|
|-
| 2014–2015 ||''[[Ajeeb Dastaan Hai Yeh]]'' || Vikram Ahuja
|
|-
| 2015 || ''[[Power Couple (Indian TV series)|Power Couple]]'' || Contestant
|7th place
|-
| 2016 || ''[[SauBhagyalaxmi]]'' || Samarth Ranawat
|
|-
| 2017–2018 || ''[[Meri Durga]]'' || Coach Bhagat
|
|-
| 2018
| ''[[Bepannaah]]''
| Rajveer Khanna
|
|-
| 2021
| ''[[Anupamaa]]''
| Dr. Adavait Khanna
|
|-
| 2025–present
| ''[[Seher – Hone Ko Hai]]''
| Dr. Fareed Quadri
|
|}

===Web series===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Year !! Title !! Role !! Notes
|-
| 2018–2020
| ''[[Kehne Ko Humsafar Hain]]''
|Harry Somani
|
|}

==Awards==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Year !! Award !! Category !! Show !! Notes
|-
| 2005 || [[Indian Telly Awards]] || Best Actor (Male) || ''[[Jassi Jaissi Koi Nahin]]'' || Won
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{IMDb name|0013157}}
*[http://www.tellychakkar.com/news/apurva-and-shilpa-agnihotri-do-cameo-ek-hazaaron-mein apurva and-shilpa agnihotri] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121127100356/http://www.tellychakkar.com/news/apurva-and-shilpa-agnihotri-do-cameo-ek-hazaaron-mein |date=27 November 2012 }}
*[http://www.digitalspy.co.uk/bollywood/news/a203934/apurva-agnihotri-wants-to-be-a-director.html Apurva Agnihotri wants to be a director]
*[https://archive.today/20130411033016/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2010-06-24/tv/28305047_1_kinshuk-clueless-publicity-stunt Apurva's clueless about new role!]

{{Subject bar
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|commons-search =
|d = yes
|d-search =
|portal1 = Biography
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[[Category:20th-century Indian male actors]]
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Vijayakumar filmography

2026-02-11T00:59:12Z

Wavage786: expanded content

{{short description|Indian actor}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2022}}

[[Vijayakumar (Tamil actor)|Vijayakumar]] is an Indian actor. Along with predominant work in [[Tamil cinema]] since 1973, he has acted in [[Telugu language|Telugu]] films. He also works in television serials.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://chiloka.com/celebrity/vijayakumar-2|title = Vijayakumar Actor Age, Movies, Biography, Photos}}</ref>

He began as a child actor in the film ''[[Sri Valli (1961 film)|Sri Valli]]'' in 1961. Vijaykumar was the little Lord Murugan.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://cinema.maalaimalar.com/cinema/cinehistory/2018/11/08210537/1211944/cinima-history-vijayakumar.vpf |title=ஸ்ரீதர் படத்தில் நடிக்க விஜயகுமார் முயற்சி |trans-title=Vijayakumar tried an opportunity to act in Sridhar's film |date=8 November 2018 |website=Maalai Malar |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190822095642/https://cinema.maalaimalar.com/cinema/cinehistory/2018/11/08210537/1211944/cinima-history-vijayakumar.vpf |archive-date=2019-08-22 |access-date=2019-08-22}}</ref> Though not many offers were forthcoming for the little actor, he was supposed to play Lord Murugan in ''[[Kandhan Karunai]]'', but instead Sivakumar played that role. Vijayakumar acted in a small role as one of the Lords that was arrested by Surapadman.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://cinema.maalaimalar.com/cinema/cinehistory/2018/11/09210729/1212140/cinima-history.vpf |title=கந்தன் கருணை படத்தில் முருகனாக நடிப்பது யார்? - சிவகுமாருடன் விஜயகுமார் போட்டி |trans-title=Who would be acting as lord Murugan in Kandhan Karunai ? - Competition between Sivakumar and Vijayakumar |date=9 November 2018 |website=Maalai Malar |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190822095922/https://cinema.maalaimalar.com/cinema/cinehistory/2018/11/09210729/1212140/cinima-history.vpf |archive-date=2019-08-22 |access-date=2019-08-22}}</ref> In 1973, Vijayakumar got his first break in ''[[Ponnukku Thanga Manasu]]'', directed by Devaraj-Mohan.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://cinema.maalaimalar.com/cinema/cinehistory/2018/11/10230417/1212293/cinima-history-vijayakumar.vpf |title=பொண்ணுக்கு தங்க மனசு - விஜயகுமார் கதாநாயகன் ஆனார் |trans-title=Vijayakumar became lead actor through Ponnukku Thanga Manasu |date=10 November 2018 |website=Maalai Malar |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190822100531/https://cinema.maalaimalar.com/cinema/cinehistory/2018/11/10230417/1212293/cinima-history-vijayakumar.vpf |archive-date=2019-08-22 |access-date=2019-08-22}}</ref> The other hero in the film was Sivakumar. The success of ''Ponnuku Thanga Manasu'' got him a permanent place in Tamil cinema.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://cinema.maalaimalar.com/cinema/cinehistory/2018/11/11230159/1212447/cinima-history-vijayakumar.vpf |title=விஜயகுமார் கதாநாயகனாக நடித்த முதல் படம் வெற்றி |trans-title=Vijayakumar's debut film as hero became successful |date=11 November 2018 |website=Maalai Malar |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190822100743/https://cinema.maalaimalar.com/cinema/cinehistory/2018/11/11230159/1212447/cinima-history-vijayakumar.vpf |archive-date=2019-08-22 |access-date=2019-08-22}}</ref> Vijayakumar was a popular actor the seventies, who acted alongside leading actors such as [[M. G. Ramachandran]], in ''[[Indru Pol Endrum Vaazhga]]'', with [[Sivaji Ganesan]] in ''[[Dheepam]]'' and Kamal Haasan in ''Neeya''. While Vijayakumar was a popular supporting actor, he did play the lead role during the 1970s, in films such as ''[[Aval Oru Thodarkathai]]'', ''Mathura Geetham'' and ''[[Azhage Unnai Aarathikkiren]]''.

Vijayakumar continued to act in supporting roles in the early 1980s. After a brief slump, Vijayakumar's second innings came in 1988 with [[Mani Ratnam]]'s ''[[Agni Natchathiram]]'', where he played the role of Prabhu Ganesan and Karthik Muthuraman's father. The movie told the story of two half brothers who fight for their father's love and property. During the 1990s, Vijayakumar was frequently seen in father roles such as ''[[Nattamai]]'' and ''[[Baashha|Baasha]]''. During the same time, Vijayakumar also played lead roles in award-winning films such as ''[[Kizhakku Cheemayile]]'' and ''[[Anthimanthaarai]]'', with [[Bharathiraaja]]. The latter took him close to winning the [[National Film Award for Best Actor]], eventually missing it by one vote.<ref name="Srivalli">{{cite news| url=http://www.hindu.com/2005/12/08/stories/2005120815220200.htm | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051210022048/http://www.hindu.com/2005/12/08/stories/2005120815220200.htm | url-status=dead | archive-date=10 December 2005 | location=Chennai, India | work=[[The Hindu]] | title=For Vijayakumar, work is always worship | date=8 December 2005}}</ref> Vijayakumar continued to play senior roles during the 2000s; eventually the actor was seen in more grandfather roles. In the last few years, the actor has reduced his film commitments and focused on television serials. Vijayakumar has acted in over 400 films, primarily in Tamil, but also had brief stints in [[Telugu cinema]].

Following is the list of films acted by [[Vijayakumar (Tamil actor)|Vijayakumar]]. Besides Tamil, he has also acted in Telugu films apart from a few Malayalam and Kannada films.

== Filmography ==
=== 1960s ===
{| class="wikitable"
! Year !! Film !! Role !! Notes
|-
| 1961 ||'' [[Sri Valli (1961 film)|Sri Valli]]'' ||Lord Muruga || Child actor
|-
| 1962 || ''[[Mahaveera Bheeman]]'' || ||
|-
| 1965 || ''[[Thaaye Unakkaga]] '' || George ||
|}

=== 1970s ===
{| class="wikitable"
! Year !! Film !! Role !! Notes
|-
| rowspan="1" | 1973
| ''[[Ponnukku Thanga Manasu (1973 film)|Ponnukku Thanga Manasu]]'' || Shankar ||
|-
| rowspan="5" | 1974
| ''Samarpanam'' || doctor, drunkard ||
|-
| ''[[Maanikka Thottil]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Aval Oru Thodar Kathai]]'' || Tilak ||
|-
| ''Murugan Kaattiya Vazhi'' || ||
|-
| ''Devi Sri Karumari Amman'' || ||
|-
| rowspan="7" | 1975
| ''Sondhangal Vazhga'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Mayangukiral Oru Maadhu]]'' || Balu ||
|-
| ''Thennangkeetru'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Aan Pillai Singam]]'' || ||
|-
| ''Manjal Mugame Varuga'' || ||
|-
| ''Thai Veetu Seedhanam'' || || Guest Appearance
|-
| ''[[Paattum Bharathamum]]'' || Kumar ||
|-
| rowspan="16" | 1976
| ''Nee Indri Naan Illai'' || ||
|-
| ''Athirshtam Azhaikirathu'' || || Guest Appearance
|-
| ''[[Payanam (1976 film)|Payanam]]'' || Captain Murali ||
|-
| ''[[Mayor Meenakshi]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Thunive Thunai]]'' || CID Vijaykumar ||
|-
| ''[[Varaprasadham]]'' || ||
|-
| ''Janaki Sabadham'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Oru Oodhappu Kan Simittugiradhu]]'' || Sasi || Guest Appearance
|-
| ''Asai 60 Naal'' || ||
|-
| ''Mutthana Mutthullavo'' || || Guest Appearance
|-
| ''[[Idhaya Malar]]'' || Sreedhar ||
|-
| ''[[Paalooti Valartha Kili]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Akka (film)|Akka]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Unmaiye Un Vilai Enna?]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Thayilla Kuzhandhai]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Mogam Muppadhu Varusham]]'' || Ravi Shankar ||
|-
| rowspan="15" | 1977
| ''Punniyam Seithaval'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Dheepam]]'' || Kannan ||
|-
| ''[[Murugan Adimai]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Avar Enakke Sontham]]'' || || Guest Appearance
|-
| ''[[Unnai Suttrum Ulagam]]'' || Sekar ||
|-
| ''[[Indru Pol Endrum Vaazhga]]'' || Kumar ||
|-
| ''[[Ilaya Thalaimurai]]'' || Pandu ||
|-
| ''Madhura Geetham'' || ||
|-
| ''Sorgam Naragam'' || Balu ||
|-
| ''Thunai Iruppal Meenakshi'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Raghupathi Raghavan Rajaram]]'' || Inspector Raghupathi ||
|-
| ''Enna Thavam Seithen'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Nandha En Nila]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Aarupushpangal]]'' || Raja ||
|-
| ''[[Olimayamana Ethirkaalam]]'' || ||
|-
| rowspan="17" | 1978
| ''Meenakshi Kungumam'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Thanga Rangan]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Shankar Salim Simon]]'' || Shankar ||
|-
| ''[[Aayiram Jenmangal]]'' || Ravi ||
|-
| ''[[Thirukkalyanam]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Varuvan Vadivelan]]'' || Vijay ||
|-
| ''[[Mangudi Minor]]'' || Lakshman ||
|-
| ''Aval Oru Pachai Kuzhandhai'' || ||
|-
| ''Ival Oru Seethai'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Vanakkatukuriya Kathaliye]]'' || Umashankar ||
|-
| ''[[Rudra Thandavam (1978 film)|Rudhra Thaandavam]]'' || Ravi ||
|-
| ''Alli Darbar'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Iraivan Kodutha Varam]]'' || Balu ||
|-
| ''[[Pilot Premnath]]'' || Premnath's son ||
|-
| ''[[Sonnadhu Nee Thanaa]]'' || ||
|-
| ''En Kelvikku Enna Bathil'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Karunai Ullam]]'' || ||
|-
| rowspan="13" | 1979
| ''[[Kuppathu Raja (1979 film)|Kuppathu Raja]]'' || Raja ||
|-
| ''[[Sigappukkal Mookkuthi]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Neeya?]]'' || Vijay ||
|-
| ''[[Velum Mayilum Thunai]]'' || Sundaresan ||
|-
| ''[[Kavari Maan]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Veettukku Veedu Vasappadi]]'' ||Jagan ||
|-
| ''Velli Ratham'' || ||
|-
| ''Mugathil Mugam Paarkalaam'' || ||
|-
| ''Needhikku Mun Neeya Naana'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Adukku Malli]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Pagalil Oru Iravu]]''|| Vinod ||
|-
| ''[[Azhage Unnai Aarathikkiren]]'' || Vasu ||
|-
| ''Chellakili'' || ||
|}

=== 1980s ===
{| class="wikitable"
! Year !! Film !! Role !! Notes
|-
| rowspan="3" | 1980
| ''Ponnukku Yaar Kaaval'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Kaali (1980 Tamil film)|Kaali]]'' || G.K ||
|-
| ''Oru Iravu Oru Paravai'' || ||
|-
| rowspan="3" | 1981
| ''[[Sathya Sundharam]]'' || Madhu ||
|-
| ''[[Savaal]]'' || Ranjith ||
|-
| ''Kalam Oru Naal Maarum'' || ||
|-
| rowspan="8" | 1982
| ''[[Thanikattu Raja]]'' || Vasu ||
|-
| ''[[Theerpu]]'' || ||
|-
| ''Nayakkirin Magal'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Thyagi]]'' || ||
|-
| ''Naan Kudithukonde Iruppen'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Oorum Uravum]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Nenjangal]]'' || Sekhar ||
|-
| ''Mamiyara Marumagala'' || ||
|-
| rowspan="8" | 1983
| ''Ennai Paar En Azhagai Paar'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Neethibathi]]'' || Ramesh || Guest Appearance
|-
| ''[[Thudikkum Karangal (1983 film)|Thudikkum Karangal]]'' || Balu ||
|-
| ''[[Thai Veedu]]'' || Vijay ||
|-
| ''Yamirukka Bayamen'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Sattam]]'' || Micheal Johny||
|-
| ''[[Sandhippu]]'' || Prem ||
|-
| ''[[Apoorva Sahodarigal]]'' || ||
|-
| rowspan="7" | 1985
| ''[[Chiranjeevi (1984 film)|Chiranjeevi]]'' || ||
|-
| ''Sumangali Kolam'' || ||
|-
| ''Unga Veetu Pillai'' || John ||
|-
| ''[[Raja Rishi]]'' || Dharmadevan ||
|-
| ''[[Nermai]]'' || Doctor || Guest Appearance
|-
| ''[[Yemaatrathe Yemaaraathe]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Mounam Kalaikirathu]]'' || ||
|-
| rowspan="7" | 1986
| ''[[Naan Adimai Illai]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Uyire Unakkaga]]'' || King Vijayaragunath Boobapathy of Jayanagar Raja ||
|-
| ''[[Viduthalai (1986 film)|Viduthalai]]'' || Vikram ||
|-
| ''[[Vidinja Kalyanam]]'' || Divya's father ||
|-
| ''[[Maaveeran (1986 film)|Maaveeran]]'' || Joe ||
|-
| ''[[Mounam Kalaikirathu]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Oru Iniya Udhayam]]'' || Sekar ||
|-
| rowspan="2" | 1987
| ''[[Velundu Vinaiyillai]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Michael Raj]]'' || ||
|-
| rowspan="4" | 1988
| ''[[Agni Natchathiram]] '' || Vishwanath ||
|-
| ''[[Puthiya Vaanam]]'' || Kocha / Govindan ||
|-
| ''[[En Thamizh En Makkal]]'' || ||
|-
| ''Maduraikara Thambi '' || ||
|-
| rowspan="5" | 1989
| ''[[Rajadhi Raja (1989 film)|Rajadhi Raja]]'' || Raja's father ||
|-
| ''[[Paattukku Oru Thalaivan]]'' || M.L.A Marudhanayagam ||
|-
| ''[[Ninaivu Chinnam]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Siva (1989 Tamil film)|Siva]]'' || || Guest Appearance
|-
| ''[[Dravidan (1989 film)|Dravidan]] '' || ||
|}

=== 1990s ===
{| class="wikitable"
! Year !! Film !! Role !! Notes
|-
| rowspan="9" | 1990
| ''[[Panakkaran]]'' || Viswanath ||
|-
| ''Chilambu'' || ||
|-
| ''Seetha Geetha'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Periya Veetu Pannakkaran]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Kizhakku Vasal]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Velai Kidaichuduchu]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Sirayil Sila Raagangal]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Sathriyan]]'' || Selvam's godfather ||
|-
| ''[[Vellaiya Thevan]]'' || ||
|-
| rowspan="11" | 1991
| ''[[Vetri Karangal]]'' || Thyagarajan ||
|-
| ''[[Karpoora Mullai]]'' || Vinod Shankar ||
|-
| ''[[Adhikari (film)|Adhikari]]'' || Inspector Vijayakumar || Guest appearance
|-
| ''[[Cheran Pandiyan]]'' || Periya Gounder ||
|-
| ''[[Vigneshwar]]'' || DIG Rajendran ||
|-
| ''[[Archana IAS]]'' || Anandamurthy ||
|-
| ''[[Nenjamundu Nermaiyundu (1991 film)|Nenjamundu Nermaiyundu]]'' || ||
|-
| ''Iravu Sooriyan'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Idhayam (film)|Idhayam]]'' || Geetha's father ||
|-
| ''[[Kizhakku Karai]]'' || Ranganathan ||
|-
| ''[[Bramma]]'' || ||
|-
| rowspan="15" | 1992
| ''[[Amaran (1992 film)|Amaran]]'' || Govindan ||
|-
| ''[[Rickshaw Mama]]'' || Sivaramakrishnan ||
|-
| ''[[Sugamana Sumaigal]]'' || Police Officer ||
|-
| ''[[Sivantha Malar]]'' || Prabha's father ||
|-
| ''[[Thanga Manasukkaran]]'' || Chellakili's father ||
|-
| ''[[Singaravelan]]'' || Velan's father || Cameo appearance
|-
| ''Kasthuri Manjal'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Oor Mariyadhai]]'' || Chinna Raja (Guest appearance) ||
|-
| ''[[Pattathu Raani]]'' || Sundaram ||
|-
| ''[[Mudhal Kural]]'' || Veluthambi ||
|-
| ''[[Suriyan]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Deiva Vaakku]]'' || Vallatharai ||
|-
| ''[[Pangali]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Senthamizh Paattu]]'' || Rangasamy ||
|-
| ''Devar Veettu Ponnu'' || ||
|-
| rowspan="16" | 1993
| ''[[Walter Vetrivel]]'' || Vetrivel's father ||
|-
| ''[[Rakkayi Koyil]]'' || Bommu Nayakar ||
|-
| ''[[Yejaman]]'' || Father of Vaitheeswari ||
|-
| ''[[Ezhai Jaathi]]'' || Odeyar ||
|-
| ''[[Madurai Meenakshi (film)|Madurai Meenakshi]]'' || Kumarasamy ||
|-
| ''[[Manikuyil]]'' || Ratnasabapathy ||
|-
| ''[[Thangakkili]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Uzhaippali]]'' || Tamilarasan's brother-in-law ||
|-
| ''[[Parvathi Ennai Paradi]]'' || Rajadurai ||
|-
| ''[[Maravan]]'' || Manickam ||
|-
| ''[[Gandharvam]]'' || IG Ravindran Nair ||
|-
| ''[[Thalattu]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Kizhakku Cheemayile]]'' || Maayaandi Thevan || [[Tamil Nadu State Film Award Special Prize]]
|-
| ''[[Kilipetchu Ketkava]]'' || Grandfather ||
|-
| ''[[Kattabomman (film)|Kattabomman]]'' || Ponnurangam ||
|-
| ''[[Senthoorapandi]]'' || Senthoorapandi's father ||
|-
| rowspan="16" | 1994
| ''[[Rajakumaran (film)|Rajakumaran]]'' || Rajakumaran's father ||
|-
| ''[[Siragadikka Aasai]]'' || Balu ||
|-
| ''[[Athiradi Padai]]'' || Roja's father ||
|-
| ''[[Aranmanai Kaavalan]]'' || Sandanapandian ||
|-
| ''[[Honest Raj]]'' || Gopalakrishnan ||
|-
| ''[[Sakthivel]]'' || Sakthivel ||
|-
| ''[[Adharmam]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Rasigan]]'' || Raghavan ||
|-
| ''[[Sadhu (1994 film)|Sadhu]]'' || Master ||
|-
| ''[[Senthamizh Selvan]]'' || Vijay Bhoopathy ||
|-
| ''[[Sarigamapadani]]'' || Archana's father ||
|-
| ''[[Thai Maaman]]'' || Velusamy ||
|-
| ''[[Nattamai]]'' || Periya Nattamai || Special appearance
|-
| ''[[Nila (1994 film)|Nila]]'' || Vijay ||
|-
| ''[[Thaai Manasu]]'' || Thangapandi ||
|-
| ''[[Chinna Pulla]]'' || Valliammai's father ||
|-
| rowspan="12" | 1995
| ''[[Engirundho Vandhan]]'' || Police Commissioner ||
|-
| ''[[Oru Oorla Oru Rajakumari (film)|Oru Oorla Oru Rajakumari]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Baasha (film)|Baasha]]'' || Rangasamy ||
|-
| ''[[Muthu Kaalai]]'' || Sangaiah ||
|-
| ''Padikira Vayasula'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Lucky Man (1995 film)|Lucky Man]]'' || || Guest appearance
|-
| ''[[Thamizhachi]]'' || Periyasamy Gounder ||
|-
| ''[[Asuran (1995 film)|Asuran]]'' || DGP Raghupathi ||
|-
| ''[[Raasaiyya]]'' || Shyamsunder ||
|-
| ''[[Periya Kudumbam]]'' || Thangavelu ||
|-
| ''Ilavarasi'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Ilaya Ragam]]'' || Vanitha's father ||
|-
| rowspan="8" | 1996
| ''[[Parambarai]]'' || Paramasivan's father ||
|-
| ''[[Love Birds (1996 film)|Love Birds]]'' || Rathnakumar ||
|-
| ''[[Maanbumigu Maanavan]]'' || ACP Chandrabose ||
|-
| ''[[Anthimanthaarai]]'' || Kandaswamy Iyer || [[Tamil Nadu State Film Award Special Prize]]
|-
| ''[[Poovarasan]]'' || Ukrapandi ||
|-
| ''[[Senathipathi]]'' || Lingappan Naicker ||
|-
| ''[[Mr. Romeo]]'' || DGP Vijayakumar ||
|-
| ''[[Panchalankurichi (film)|Panchalankurichi]]'' || Mayandi ||
|-
| rowspan="6" | 1997
| ''[[Periya Thambi]]'' || Sankarapandian ||
|-
| ''[[Bharathi Kannamma]]'' || Vellaisamy Thevar Zamindar ||
|-
| ''[[Periya Idathu Mappillai]]'' || Periya Thambi ||
|-
| ''[[Abhimanyu (1997 film)|Abhimanyu]]'' || SI Thangaraj ||
|-
| ''[[Aahaa..! (1997 film)|Aahaa..!]]'' || Parasuraman ||
|-
| ''[[Pudhalvan]]'' || Sathyamoorthy ||
|-
| rowspan="5" | 1998
| ''[[Kondattam]]'' || Purushothaman ||
|-
| ''[[Natpukkaga]]'' || Karunakaran ||
|-
| ''[[Thayin Manikodi]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[En Aasai Rasave]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Desiya Geetham]]'' || ||
|-
| rowspan="14" | 1999
| ''[[Suryodayam]]'' || J. R. ||
|-
| ''[[Suriya Paarvai]]'' || Narayanan ||
|-
| ''[[Ponnu Veetukkaran]]'' || Indu's father-in-law ||
|-
| ''[[Adutha Kattam]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Chinna Durai (1999 film)|Chinna Durai]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Anandha Poongatre]]'' || Meenakshi's father ||
|-
| ''[[Suyamvaram]]'' || Kuselan ||
|-
| ''[[Sangamam (1999 film)|Sangamam]]'' || Sivasankaramoorthy ||
|-
| ''[[Poovellam Kettuppar]]'' || K. R. Bharathi ||
|-
| ''[[Malabar Police]]'' || Inspector General ||
|-
| ''[[Nee Varuvai Ena]]'' || Subramani's father ||
|-
| ''[[Jodi (1999 film)|Jodi]]'' || Vengudu ||
|-
| ''[[Mudhalvan]]'' || Thenmozhi's father ||
|-
| ''[[Aasaiyil Oru Kaditham]]'' || Lakshmi's father ||
|}

=== 2000s ===
{| class="wikitable"
! Year !! Film !! Role !! Notes
|-
| rowspan="4" | 2000 || ''[[Sandhitha Velai]]'' || Gurumoorthy ||
|-
| ''[[Kushi (2000 film)|Kushi]]'' || Jennifer's father||
|-
| ''[[Koodi Vazhnthal Kodi Nanmai (2000 film)|Koodi Vazhnthal Kodi Nanmai]]'' || Valluvardasan ||
|-
| ''[[Maayi]]'' || Maayi's father ||
|-
| rowspan="4" | 2001 || ''[[Aanandham]]'' || Viji's father ||
|-
| ''[[Star (2001 film)|Star]]'' || Ramanathan ||
|-
| ''[[Veettoda Mappillai]]'' || Kandaswamy ||
|-
| ''[[Pandavar Bhoomi]]'' || Tamizh's father ||
|-
| rowspan="10" | 2002 || ''[[Raajjiyam]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Kadhal Virus]]'' || Himself || Cameo appearance
|-
| ''[[Thulluvadho Ilamai]]'' || School Principal ||
|-
| ''[[Ezhumalai]]'' || Raghupati Naidu ||
|-
| ''[[Shree (2002 film)|Shree]]'' || Sankara Iyer ||
|-
| ''[[Youth (2002 film)|Youth]]'' || Shiva's uncle ||
|-
| ''[[Baba (2002 film)|Baba]]'' || Chamundeeswari's father ||
|-
| ''[[En Mana Vaanil]]'' || Rajarathnam ||
|-
| ''[[Album (2002 film)|Album]]'' || Somu ||
|-
| ''[[Villain (2002 film)|Villain]]'' || ACP ||
|-
| rowspan="5" | 2003 || ''[[Aasai Aasaiyai]]'' || Ramakrishnan ||
|-
| ''[[Anbu (2003 film)|Anbu]]'' || Karuppaiah ||
|-
| ''[[Saamy]]'' || Saamy's father ||
|-
| ''[[Winner (2003 film)|Winner]]'' || Sakthi's father ||
|-
| ''[[Konji Pesalaam]]'' || Amalan ||
|-
| rowspan="4" | 2004 || ''[[Kuthu]]'' || Guru's father ||
|-
| ''[[Vaanam Vasappadum]]'' || Poongkothai's father ||
|-
| ''[[Maanasthan]]'' || Pattamaniyar ||
|-
| ''[[Aai (film)|Aai]]'' || Police Commissioner of Chennai ||
|-
| rowspan="8" | 2005 || ''[[Ji (film)|Ji]]'' || Vasu's father ||
|-
| ''[[Sukran]]'' || Home Minister ||
|-
| ''[[London (2005 Tamil film)|London]]'' || Rajasekar ||
|-
| ''[[Chandramukhi]]'' || Durga's grandfather ||
|-
| ''[[Chinna (2005 film)|Chinna]]'' || Gayathri`s uncle ||
|-
| ''[[Ramakrishna (2004 Tamil film)|Ramakrishna]]'' || Village chief ||
|-
| ''[[Gurudeva (film)|Gurudeva]]''|| Sundar ||
|-
| ''[[Majaa]]'' ||Chidambaram ||
|-
| rowspan="5" | 2006 || ''[[Aathi]]'' || Aathi's grandfather ||
|-
| ''[[Kusthi]]'' || Abi and Divya's grandfather ||
|-
| ''[[Jambhavan]]'' || Velan's foster father ||
|-
| ''[[Dharmapuri (film)|Dharmapuri]]'' || Meiyappan ||
|-
| ''[[Thalaimagan]]'' || L. Sathya Moorthy ||
|-
| rowspan="5" | 2007 || ''[[Thaamirabharani]]'' || Subbaiah ||
|-
| ''[[Deepavali (2007 film)|Deepawali]]'' || Mudaliar ||
|-
| ''[[Thirumagan]]'' || Malaiswamy ||
|-
| ''[[Kuttrapathirikai]]'' || Karthikeyan ||
|-
| ''[[Nam Naadu (2007 film)|Nam Naadu]]'' || Boominathan ||
|-
| rowspan="6" | 2008 || ''[[Vaitheeswaran]]'' || Mani Shankar ||
|-
| ''[[Kannum Kannum]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Santosh Subramaniam]]'' || Rajeswari's father ||
|-
| ''[[Aayutham Seivom]]'' || Udhayamoorthy ||
|-
| ''[[Kuselan]]'' || Himself || Special appearance
|-
| ''[[Surya (2008 film)|Surya]]'' || Surya's father ||
|-
| rowspan="4" | 2009 || ''[[1977 (film)|1977]]'' || DGP Padmanathan ||
|-
| ''[[Malai Malai]]'' || Assistant Commissioner of Police ||
|-
| ''[[Solla Solla Inikkum]]'' || Sathya's father ||
|-
| ''[[Pokkisham]]'' || || Special appearance
|}

=== 2010s ===
{| class="wikitable"
! Year !! Film !! Role !! Notes
|-
| rowspan="4"|2010 || ''[[Jaggubhai]]'' || Jagannathan's father ||
|-
| ''[[Goa (2010 film)|Goa]]'' || Nattamai||
|-
| ''[[Maanja Velu]]'' || Velu's father ||
|-
| ''[[Singam]]'' || Home Minister ||
|-
| rowspan="5"|2011 || ''[[Ponnar Shankar (film)|Ponnar Sankar]]'' || Periyamalai Gounder ||
|-
| ''[[Kandaen]]'' || Vasanth's grandfather ||
|-
| ''Konjam Sirippu Konjam Kobam'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Osthe]]'' || Minister ||
|-
| ''[[Mambattiyan]]'' || Mambattiyan's father ||
|-
| rowspan="2"|2013 || ''[[Chennaiyil Oru Naal]]'' || Dr. Arumainayagam ||
|-
| ''[[Singam II]]'' || Home Minister ||
|-
| rowspan="2"|2014 || ''[[Chandra (film)|Chandra]]'' || Guruji Parameshwara ||
|-
| ''[[Lingaa]]'' || Karunakara's father ||
|-
| rowspan="4"|2015 || ''[[Aambala]]'' || Solavandhan ||
|-
| ''[[Sandamarutham]]'' || ||
|-
| ''Paranjothi'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Puli (2015 film)|Puli]]'' || The Vedhalam King ||
|-
| rowspan="2"|2016 || ''[[Ilamai Oonjal]]'' || Home Minister ||
|-
| ''[[Kodi (film)|Kodi]]'' || Chief Minister ||
|-
| rowspan="4"|2017 || ''[[Si3 (film)|Singam III]]'' || Home Minister ||
|-
| ''[[Kuttram 23]]'' || Commissioner of Police Kumaraswamy ||
|-
| ''[[Anbanavan Asaradhavan Adangadhavan]]'' || || Guest appearance
|-
| ''143'' || ||
|-
| 2018 || ''Pei Irukka Illaya'' || ||
|-
|}

=== 2020s ===
{| class="wikitable"
! Year !! Film !! Role !! Notes
|-
| 2021 ||''[[Raajavamsam]]'' || Kulasekaran ||
|-
| rowspan="3" | 2022 ||''[[Oh My Dog]]'' || Shanmugam ||
|-
|''Amaichar'' || ||325th Film
|-
|''[[The Legend (2022 film)|The Legend]]'' || Saravanan's father ||
|-
| 2023 || ''[[Maamannan]]'' || Opposition Chief ||
|-
| 2024 || ''[[Rathnam (film)|Rathnam]]'' || Malliga's grandfather ||
|}

=== Telugu films ===
{| class="wikitable"
! Year !! Film !! Role !! Notes
|-
| 1989 || ''[[Geethanjali (1989 film)|Geethanjali]]'' || Geethanjali's father ||
|-
| rowspan="2" | 1990 || ''Ghatana'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Lorry Driver (film)|Lorry Driver]]'' || SP Pradeep Kumar ||
|-
| 1991 || ''[[Sathruvu]]'' || Lawyer ||
|-
| rowspan="2"|1992 || ''[[Killer (1992 film)|Killer]]'' || Bhupathi Raja ||
|-
| ''[[Peddarikam]]'' || Balaramudu ||
|-
| 1993 || ''Mogudu Garu'' || ||
|-
| 1994 || ''[[Bhairava Dweepam]]'' || Jayachandra Maharaju ||
|-
| 1996 || ''Sampradayam'' || ||
|-
| 1997 || ''[[Rukmini (film)|Rukmini]]'' || Dorababu ||
|-
| 1998 || ''[[Auto Driver]]'' || Sravani's father ||
|-
| rowspan="2"|1999 || ''[[Sneham Kosam]]'' || Peddayya ||
|-
| ''Arundhati'' || ||
|-
| 2000 || ''[[Ravanna (film)|Ravanna]]'' || ||
|-
| rowspan="3" |2001
|| "[[Kushi (2001 film)|Kushi]]"
|| Madhumati's father ||
|-
| ''[[Simharasi]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Adhipathi]]'' || Justice Panduranga Rao ||
|-
|2002 || ''[[Vasu (film)|Vasu]]'' || Commissioner Rao ||
|-
|2003 || ''Indiramma'' || Ananda Rayudu ||
|-
| 2004 || ''[[Samba (2004 film)|Samba]]'' || Dharmayya Naidu ||
|-
| 2005 || ''[[Bhageeratha (film)|Bhageeratha]]'' || Bullabbai ||
|-
| rowspan="2"|2006 || ''[[Seethakoka Chiluka (2006 film)|Seethakoka Chiluka]]'' || Lakshmi's father ||
|-
| ''[[Rajababu (2006 film)|Rajababu]]'' || Dasaradharamaiah ||
|-
| rowspan="2"|2007 || ''[[Hello Premistara]]'' || Arjun's grandfather ||
|-
|''[[Tulasi (2007 film)|Tulasi]]'' || Dasaradha Ramayya ||
|-
| 2008 || ''[[Kathanayakudu (2008 film)|Kathanayakudu]]'' || Himself || Special appearance
|-
| 2009 || ''[[Naa Style Veru]]'' || Parvathy's father || <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiaglitz.com/naa-styley-veru-review-telugu-movie-10771|title=Naa Styley Veru Review|date=13 June 2009|work=Indiaglitz|access-date=8 May 2024}}</ref>
|-
| 2010 || ''[[Bindaas (2010 film)|Bindaas]]'' || Purushottam Naidu ||
|-
| 2011 || ''[[100% Love (2011 film)|100% Love]]'' || Balu Mahendra ||
|-
| 2012 || ''[[Srimannarayana]]'' || Kalki Narayana Murthy ||
|-
| 2015 || ''[[Rudhramadevi (film)|Rudhramadevi]]'' || Anumakonda Ramudu ||
|-
| rowspan="3"|2016 || ''[[Nenu Sailaja]]'' || Sailaja's grandfather ||
|-
| ''[[Sarainodu]]'' || Pedhaya ||
|-
| ''[[Janatha Garage]]'' || Chief Minister ||
|-
| 2018 || ''[[Touch Chesi Chudu]]'' || Chief Minister ||
|-
| rowspan="2"|2019 || ''[[Prati Roju Pandage]]''|| Surya Narayan ||
|-
| ''[[Entha Manchivaadavuraa]]'' || Lakshminarayana ||
|-
| 2023 || ''[[Ravanasura (film)|Ravanasura]]'' || Ramachandra ||
|-
| 2024 || ''[[Manamey]]'' || Tony ||
|}

=== Malayalam films ===
{| class="wikitable"
! Year !! Film !! Role !! Notes
|-
| 1993 || ''[[Aayirappara]]'' || Chettiyar
|
|-
|1993||''[[Gandharvam]]''|| Ravindran Nair
|
|-
| 2014 || ''[[Mr. Fraud]]'' || Shekara Varma
|
|-
| 2024 || {{Pending film| Panchavalsara Padhathi}} || {{TBA}} || <ref>{{Cite web |last=Features |first=C. E. |date=2024-04-16 |title=Trailer of Siju Wilson's Panchavalsara Padhathi out |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/malayalam/news/2024/Apr/16/trailer-of-siju-wilsons-panchavalsara-padhathi-out |access-date=2024-04-16 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|}

=== Kannada films ===
{| class="wikitable"
! Year !! Film !! Role !! Notes
|-
|1997||''Lady Commissioner'' || Hari's father ||
|-
| 2010||''[[Appu and Pappu]]''|| Appu's grandfather and Deepa's father ||
|-
| 2013 || ''[[Chandra (film)|Chandra]]'' || Guruji Parameshwara || Bilingual film
|-
|}

===As producer===
*''[[Nenjangal]]'' (1982)
*''[[Kai Kodukkum Kai]]'' (1984)
*''[[Sinam (2022 film)|Sinam]]'' (2022)

== Television ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|- style="text-align:center;"
! Year
! Serial
! Role
! Channel
! Language
|-
| 1997–2001 || ''Kokila Enge Pogiraal'' || ||rowspan=3|[[Sun TV (India)|Sun TV]] ||rowspan=3|[[Tamil language|Tamil]]
|-
| 2009–2013 || ''[[Thangam (serial)|Thangam]]'' || Rajaramchandra Raghunath alias Ayyaa
|-
| 2013–2014 || ''[[Vamsam (TV series)|Vamsam]]'' || Vetrivel Annachi
|-
| 2016–2017 || ''Talambralu'' || || [[Gemini TV]] || [[Telugu language|Telugu]]<ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O1NBL2razsY</ref>
|-
| 2017–2018 || ''[[Nandini (TV series)|Nandini]]'' || Rajashekar || [[Sun TV (India)|Sun TV]] [[Udaya TV]] || [[Tamil language|Tamil]] [[Kannada]]
|-
| 2019 || ''[[Rasaathi (TV series)|Rasaathi]]'' || Shanmugasundaram (Extended Special Appearance) || [[Sun TV (India)|Sun TV]] ||rowspan=3|[[Tamil language|Tamil]]
|-
| 2022 || ''[[Oru Oorla Rendu Rajakumari]]'' || Nattamai (Special Appearance) || rowspan=2|[[Zee Tamil]]
|-
| 2022; 2024 || ''[[Karthigai Deepam (TV series)|Karthigai Deepam]]'' || Raja Sethupathi
|}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Indian filmographies]]
[[Category:Male actor filmographies]]

N. P. V. Ramasamy Udayar

2026-02-08T17:58:24Z

Wavage786: General improvements and edits

{{short description|Indian industrialist}}
{{Infobox person
| name = N. P. V. Ramasamy Udayar
| native_name =
| image = NPV Ramasamy Udayar 2020 stamp of India.jpg
| image_size =
| caption = N. P. V. Ramasamy Udayar on a 2020 stamp of India
| birth_date = 19 September 1936<ref>{{cite web|title=Founder Shri Ramasamy Udayar's Profile|url=http://www.sriramachandra.edu.in/university/founder-profile|website=Sriramachandra University|accessdate=7 May 2016}}</ref>
| birth_place = [[Rasipuram]], [[Namakkal]], [[Tamil Nadu]], India
| death_date = 1998
| death_place =
| occupation = industrialist, educationalist, philanthropist
| title = founder of [[Sri Ramachandra Medical College and Research Institute|Sri Ramachandra University]]
| alma_mater =
| spouse =
| children = V.r Venkatachalam, Padma Ramasamy, Amudha Thillanayagam, Radha Muthiah, Andal Arumugam, Arundhathi Shanmugam.
| awards =
}}
'''N. P. V. Ramasamy Udayar''' was an Indian industrialist and a close associate of [[M. G. Ramachandran|MG Ramachandran]]. He owned Mohan Breweries and Distilleries, first liquor manufacturer when state lifted liquor ban.<ref>{{cite news|title=Karunanidhi govt initiates steps to take over liquor industry, destroy liquor barons|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/investigation/story/19890331-karunanidhi-govt-initiates-steps-to-take-over-liquor-industry-destroy-liquor-barons-clout-815939-1989-03-30|access-date=8 May 2016|agency=India Today}}</ref> In 1985, Sri Ramachandra Medical College, first privately owned medical college was founded in Tamil Nadu, later it became as [[Sri Ramachandra Medical College and Research Institute|Sri Ramachandra University]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ugc.ac.in/oldpdf/ecreportdu/srmc.pdf |title=Committee report |website=www.ugc.ac.in |format=PDF |access-date=2019-07-06}}</ref> According to the Urban Land Ceiling Act, his trust occupied land was under dispute later. In April 1987, the Government has changed the rules to obtain exemption from the Act.<ref>{{cite news|title=Grounds of dispute|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/indiascope/story/19880815-tamil-nadu-land-laws-twisted-for-liquor-baron-ramasamy-udayar-trust-797574-1988-08-14|access-date=8 May 2016|agency=India Today}}</ref> In 1994, he launched a Tamil channel called GEC (Golden Eagle Communication), which was later acquired by [[Star India]] and renamed as [[Star Vijay]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Liquor baron Vijay Mallya is all set to cruise the infobahn|url=http://www.outlookindia.com/magazine/story/from-booze-to-news/200528|accessdate=8 May 2016|agency=Outlookindia}}</ref>

==References==
<References/>

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Udayar, N. P. V. Ramasamy}}
[[Category:Indian industrialists]]
[[Category:1936 births]]
[[Category:1998 deaths]]

{{India-business-bio-stub}}

Zee Chitra Gaurav Puraskar for Best Supporting Actress

2026-02-05T16:51:10Z

Wavage786: done

{{Short description|Award}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2024}}
{{Infobox award
| name = [[Zee Chitra Gaurav Puraskar]] for Best Supporting Actress
| awarded_for = Best Performance by an Actress in a Supporting Role
| presenter = ''[[Zee Marathi]]''
| country = [[India]]
| year = [[Aditi Deshpande]], ''[[Jogwa]]'' (2009)
| holder = [[Ashwini Bhave]], ''[[Gharat Ganpati]]'' (2025)
| website =
}}

'''Zee Chitra Gaurav Puraskar for Best Supporting Actress''' is presented by [[Zee Marathi]] as part of its annual [[Zee Chitra Gaurav Puraskar]], for best acting done by an actor in [[Marathi cinema|Marathi]] films, who are selected by the jury. The award was first given in 2010 for films released in 2009.
==Winners==
{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%"
|- bgcolor="#bebebe"
! width="5%" | Year
! width="22%" | Actor
! width="22%" | Roles(s)
! width="48%" | Film
! width="5%" | {{Tooltip|Ref.|References}}
|-
! rowspan="1" style="text-align:center" |2008
| style="background:#FAEB86;"|'''[[Surekha Kudachi]]'''
| style="background:#FAEB86;"|'''Zanabai'''
| style="background:#FAEB86;"|'''''Aara Aara Aaba Aata Tari Thamba'''''
|
|-
! rowspan="1" style="text-align:center" |2009
| style="background:#FAEB86;"|'''[[Aditi Deshpande]]'''
| style="background:#FAEB86;"|'''Taanu'''
| style="background:#FAEB86;"|'''''[[Jogwa]]'''''
|
|-
! rowspan="1" style="text-align:center" |2010
| style="background:#FAEB86;"|'''Jyoti Chandekar'''
| style="background:#FAEB86;"|'''Sitabai Gunje'''
| style="background:#FAEB86;"|'''''Sukhant'''''
|
|-
! rowspan="1" style="text-align:center" |2011
| style="background:#FAEB86;"|'''Vrinda Gajendra'''
| style="background:#FAEB86;"|'''Sister-in-law'''
| style="background:#FAEB86;"|'''''[[Paradh]]'''''
|
|-
! rowspan="1" style="text-align:center" |2012
| style="background:#FAEB86;"|'''Jyoti Chandekar'''
| style="background:#FAEB86;"|
| style="background:#FAEB86;"|'''''Paulvat'''''
|
|-
! rowspan="1" style="text-align:center" |2013
| style="background:#FAEB86;"|'''[[Hemangi Kavi]]'''
| style="background:#FAEB86;"|'''Nanda'''
| style="background:#FAEB86;"|'''''Pipani'''''
|
|-
! rowspan="1" style="text-align:center" |2014
| style="background:#FAEB86;"|'''[[Leena Bhagwat]]'''
| style="background:#FAEB86;"|'''Kaustubh's Mother'''
| style="background:#FAEB86;"|'''''[[Avatarachi Goshta]]'''''
|
|-
! rowspan="1" style="text-align:center" |2015
| style="background:#FAEB86;"|'''Jyoti Chandekar'''
| style="background:#FAEB86;"|
| style="background:#FAEB86;"|'''''Ticha Umbartha'''''
|<ref>{{Cite news |date=2017-01-13 |title=Riteish, Tejaswini bag awards |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movies/news/riteish-tejaswini-bag-awards/articleshow/46584546.cms?from=mdr |access-date= |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
! rowspan="1" style="text-align:center" |2016
| style="background:#FAEB86;"|'''[[Mrunmayee Deshpande]]'''
| style="background:#FAEB86;"|'''Vidya'''
| style="background:#FAEB86;"|'''''[[Natsamrat]]'''''
|<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2023-02-06 |title=Zee Chitra Gaurav 2016 Winners, Awards Ceremony |url=https://www.marathi.tv/show-serials/zee-chitra-gaurav-2016/ |access-date= |website=Marathi.TV |language=en-us}}</ref>
|-
! rowspan="1" style="text-align:center" |2017
| style="background:#FAEB86;"|'''[[Priyanka Bose]]'''
| style="background:#FAEB86;"|'''Mother'''
| style="background:#FAEB86;"|''[[Half Ticket (2016 film)|'''Half Ticket''']]''
|<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=Zee Chitra Gaurav 2017 : Winners List & Photos |url=https://marathistars.com/news/sairat-other-deserving-films-win-big-at-zee-chitra-gaurav-2017/ |access-date= |website=MarathiStars |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
! rowspan="1" style="text-align:center" |2018
| style="background:#FAEB86;"|'''[[Jyoti Subhash]]'''
| style="background:#FAEB86;"|'''Satya's Aaji'''
| style="background:#FAEB86;"|'''''[[Chi Va Chi Sau Ka]]'''''
|
|-
! rowspan="1" style="text-align:center" |2019
| style="background:#FAEB86;"|'''[[Devika Daftardar]]'''
| style="background:#FAEB86;"|'''Chaitya's mother'''
| style="background:#FAEB86;"|''[[Naal (film)|'''Naal''']]''
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-04-03 |title=zee-marathi-gaurav-awards-2019-winners/ |url=https://www.lokmat.com/filmy/marathi-cinema/zee-marathi-gaurav-awards-2019-winners/ |access-date= |website=LOKMAT |language=mr}}</ref>
|-
! rowspan="1" style="text-align:center" |2020
| style="background:#FAEB86;"|'''[[Nandita Patkar]]'''
| style="background:#FAEB86;"|'''Mai'''
| style="background:#FAEB86;"|'''''Khari Biscuit'''''
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-09-13 |title=Zee Gaurav Puraskar 2020 Winners List: Sonalee Kulkarni, Sayali Sanjeev Bag The Prestigious Award - Zee5 News |url=https://www.zee5.com/zee5news/zee-gaurav-puraskar-2020-winners-list-sonalee-kulkarni-sayali-sanjeev-bag-the-prestigious-award/ |access-date= |website=ZEE5 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
! rowspan="1" style="text-align:center" |2021
| colspan="3" rowspan="2" bgcolor="#ff9a9a" style="text-align:center" | '''Not Awarded'''
|
|-
! rowspan="1" style="text-align:center" |2022
|
|-
! rowspan="5" style="text-align:center" |[[23rd Zee Chitra Gaurav Puraskar|2023]]
| style="background:#FAEB86;"|[[Anita Date-Kelkar|'''Anita Date Kelkar''']]
| style="background:#FAEB86;"|'''Vasantrao's Mother'''
| style="background:#FAEB86;"|'''''[[Me Vasantrao]]'''''
| rowspan="5" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Zee Chitra Gaurav 2023: 'अशोक सराफ म्हणजे...', झी चित्रगौरव पुरस्कार सोहळ्यात मराठी कलाकार Emotional, मामांच्याही डोळ्यात पाणी {{!}} Zee Chitra Gaurav 2023 comedy king veteran actor ashok saraf received jeevan gaurav puraskar |url=https://zeenews.india.com/marathi/entertainment/zee-chitra-gaurav-2023-comedy-king-veteran-actor-ashok-saraf-received-jeevan-gaurav-puraskar/700026/amp?amp_gsa=1&amp_js_v=a9&usqp=mq331AQIUAKwASCAAgM=#amp_tf=From%20%251$s&aoh=17070746864875&referrer=https://www.google.com&ampshare=https://zeenews.india.com/marathi/entertainment/zee-chitra-gaurav-2023-comedy-king-veteran-actor-ashok-saraf-received-jeevan-gaurav-puraskar/700026 |access-date= |website=zeenews.india.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=अडसूळ |first=नीलेश |date=2023-03-06 |title=Zee Chitra Gaurav 2023: कुणाला मिळणार 'झी चित्र गौरव' २०२३ पुरस्कार.. नामांकन यादी जाहीर.. |url=https://www.esakal.com/manoranjan/zee-chitra-gaurav-2023-nomination-list-announced-nsa95 |access-date=2024-02-06 |website=सकाळ |language=mr}}</ref>
|-
| style="background:#FAEB86;"|'''Gauri Nalawade'''
| style="background:#FAEB86;"|'''Gautami'''
| style="background:#FAEB86;"|''[[Godavari (2022 film)|'''Godavari''']]''
|-
|[[Jiya Shankar]]
|Nisha Katkar
|''[[Ved (film)|Ved]]''
|-
|[[Shruti Marathe]]
|[[Soyarabai|Maharani Soyarabai]]
|''[[Sarsenapati Hambirrao]]''
|-
|[[Urmilla Kothare|Urmila Kothare]]
|Shruti
|''[[Ekda Kaay Zala]]''
|-
! rowspan="4" style="text-align:center" |[[24th Zee Chitra Gaurav Puraskar|2024]]
| style="background:#FAEB86;"|'''[[Shivani Surve]]'''
| style="background:#FAEB86;"|'''Manali'''
| style="background:#FAEB86;"|'''''[[Jhimma 2]]'''''
| rowspan="4" |
|-
|[[Suhas Joshi]]
|Indumati Karnik
|''[[Jhimma 2]]''
|-
|[[Anita Date-Kelkar]]
|Avani
|''[[Vaalvi]]''
|-
|[[Devika Daftardar]]
|Bandya's mother
|''[[Unaad]]''
|-
! rowspan="4" |[[25th Zee Chitra Gaurav Puraskar|2025]]
| style="background:#FAEB86;"|'''[[Ashwini Bhave]]'''
| style="background:#FAEB86;"|'''Ahilya Gharat'''
| style="background:#FAEB86;"|'''''[[Gharat Ganpati]]'''''
| rowspan="4" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-03-08 |title='झी चित्र गौरव' पुरस्कारांमध्ये 'या' सिनेमाने मारली बाजी! सर्वोत्कृष्ट अभिनेता व अभिनेत्री ठरले...; वाचा विजेत्यांची संपूर्ण यादी... |url=https://www.loksatta.com/manoranjan/television/zee-chitra-gaurav-2025-winners-list-best-movie-is-paani-and-mahesh-manjrekar-won-best-actor-award-read-full-list-sva-00-4938781/ |access-date=2025-03-09 |website=Loksatta |language=mr}}</ref>
|-
|[[Shubhangi Gokhale|Subhangi Gokhale]]
|Kusum Aatya
|''Gharat Ganpati''
|-
|Chinmayee Sumeet
|Minakshi Devi
|''[[Phullwanti]]''
|-
|[[Medha Manjrekar]]
|Suhasini Pathak
|[[Juna Furniture]]
|}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Awards established in 2009]]
[[Category:Film awards for supporting actor]]
[[Category:Zee Chitra Gaurav Puraskar]]

Fateh Muhammad Panipati

2026-02-05T04:00:56Z

Wavage786: New

{{Short description|Pakistani Islamic scholar (1905–1987)}}
{{Use Pakistani English|date=August 2022}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2022}}
{{Infobox religious biography
|honorific_prefix= [[Qari]]
|name= Fateh Muhammad Panipati
|religion = Islam
|image = Fateh Muhammad Panipati.jpg
|caption =
|nationality= Pakistani
|birth_date = {{Birth date|1905|01|18|df=y}}
|birth_place = [[Panipat]], [[British Raj|British India]]
|death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|1987|04|16|1905|01|18}}
|death_place = [[Medina]], Saudi Arabia
|alma_mater = [[Darul Uloom Deoband]]
|resting_place = [[Al-Baqi Cemetery]]
|students = [[Abdul Haleem Chishti]]
}}

'''Fateh Muhammad Panipati''' (18 January 1905 – 16 April 1987) was a Pakistani [[Islamic scholar]] who worked in the field of [[qira'at]] ([[Qur'an]] recitation methods). He was an alumnus of [[Darul Uloom Deoband]] and wrote books including ''Al-Qurrah al-Marḍiyyah'' and ''Inayate Rahmani''.

==Biography==
Fateh Muhammad Panipati was born on 18 January 1905 (coinciding 12 [[Dhu al-Qadah]] 1322 [[Hijri year|AH]]) in [[Panipat]].{{Sfn|al-Barmawi|2000|p=236}} He graduated in the traditional [[dars-e-nizami]] from the [[Darul Uloom Deoband]].{{Sfn|al-Barmawi|2000|p=237}} His teachers included [[Asghar Hussain Deobandi]], [[Hussain Ahmad Madani]], [[Ibrahim Balyawi]], [[Izaz Ali Amrohi]] and [[Muhammad Shafi]].{{Sfn|al-Barmawi|2000|p=240}}

In 1947, when [[Pakistan]] was established, Panipati migrated there and briefly taught in [[Ichhra]] and [[Pind Dadan Khan]].{{Sfn|al-Barmawi|2000|p=238}} He taught at Madrasah Ashrafiyyah Fayḍ al-Qurʾān in [[Shikarpur, Sindh|Shikarpur]] from 1948 to 1956.{{Sfn|al-Barmawi|2000|p=238}} He moved to [[Karachi]] in 1957 at the invitation of Muhammad Shafi Deobandi,{{Sfn|al-Barmawi|2000|p=239}} and taught at the [[Nanak Wara]] branch of [[Darul Uloom Karachi]],{{Sfn|Usmani|2020|p=38}} for over fifteen years.{{Sfn|al-Barmawi|2000|p=239}} He was considered a senior scholar of Quranic recitation during his time. [[Taqi Usmani]] has described him as the contemporary [[Ibn al-Jazari|al-Jazari]].{{Sfn|Usmani|2020|p=39}} His students included [[Abdul Haleem Chishti]], Abdush Shakoor Tirmizi, Raheem Bakhsh Panipati and Siddiq Ahmad Bandwi.{{Sfn|al-Barmawi|2000|pp=241–244}}

Panipati migrated to [[Medina]] in 1972 and began teaching in the [[Al-Masjid an-Nabawi]]. He spent the last few years of his life in [[Medina]].{{Sfn|al-Barmawi|2000|p=239}} He visited [[Lahore]] for a short while where he suffered from [[hemiparesis]] on 20 May 1979, leading him to return to Medina.{{Sfn|Baqa|2006|p=333}} He died on 16 April 1987 and was buried in [[Al-Baqi Cemetery]]. His funeral prayer was led by [[Ali ibn Abdur-Rahman al Hudhaify]].{{Sfn|Baqa|2006|p=333}}

==Literary works==
Panipati wrote seventeen books in [[Urdu]]. He wrote ''Inayate Rahmani'', a commentary on [[Al-Qasim ibn Firruh al-Shatibi|al-Qasim ibn Firruh]]'s ''Ḥirz alAmānī wa Wajh al-Tahānī'', commonly known as ''al-Shatibiyyah''.{{Sfn|al-Barmawi|2000|pp=235–236}} His other works include:{{Sfn|al-Barmawi|2000|pp=235–236}}
* ''Al-Qurrah al-Marḍiyyah''
* ''Ashal al-Mawārid fī Sharḥ ʿAqīlat Atrāb al-Qaṣāʾid''
* ''Miftāḥ al-Kamāl''
* ''Nūrānī Qāʿidah''
* ''Tashīl al-Qawāʿid''
* ''ʿUmdat al-Mabānī''
==See more==
* [[List of Deobandis]]

==References==
===Citations===
{{reflist}}
===Bibliography===
{{refbegin}}
* {{cite book |last1=Baqa |first1=Muhammad Mazhar |title=Hayat-e-Baqa awr Kuchh Yaadein |date=April 2006 |publisher=Zawwar Academy Publications |location=Karachi |language=ur}}
* {{cite journal |last1=Usmani |first1=Muhammad Taqi |title=YādeiN |journal=Al-Balagh |date=September 2020 |volume=56 |issue=1 |pages=38–39 |trans-title=Memoirs |publisher=[[Darul Uloom Karachi]] |location=Karachi |language=ur}}
* {{cite book |last1=al-Barmawi |first1=Ilyas ibn Ahmad |title=إمتاع الفضلاء بتراجم القراء فيما بعد القرن الثامن الهجري |date=2000 |publisher=Dār al-Nadwah al-ʿĀlimiyyah |location=[[Medina]] |volume=1 |pages=236–246 |language=ar |chapter=فتح محمد}}
{{refend}}

==Further reading==
* {{cite book |editor1-last=Multani |editor1-first=Muhammad Ishaq |title=Tadhkira ash-Shaykhayn |date=2012 |publisher=Idara Taleefat-e-Ashrafiya |location=Multan |language=ur }}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Panipati, Fateh Muhammad}}
[[Category:1905 births]]
[[Category:1987 deaths]]
[[Category:Darul Uloom Deoband alumni]]
[[Category:People from Panipat district]]
[[Category:Darul Uloom Karachi people]]
[[Category:Deobandis]]
[[Category:Burials at Jannat al-Baqī]]
[[Category:Pakistani people of Haryanvi descent]]

Ratris Khel Chale 3

2026-01-29T14:21:12Z

Wavage786: Article

{{Short description|2021 Indian Marathi language TV Series}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2022}}
{{Infobox television
| image = Ratris Khel Chale 3 (serial).jpg
| image_size =
| caption = The poster of Season 3 of the serial
| genre = [[Supernatural (genre)|Supernatural]]
| starring = [[#Cast|See below]]
| director = Raju Sawant
| country = India
| camera = [[Multi-camera]]
| producer = Sunil Bhosale
| writer = Pralhad Kudtarkar
| story = Rajendra Ghag
| screenplay =
| theme_music_composer = Pankaj Padghan
| company = Someel Creations
| num_seasons = 3
| language = Marathi
| num_episodes = 238
| network = [[Zee Marathi]]
| runtime = 22 minutes
| first_aired = {{start date|2021|03|22|df=y}}
| last_aired = {{end date|2022|04|09|df=y}}
| related = ''[[Ratris Khel Chale]]'' ''[[Ratris Khel Chale 2]]''
}}

'''''Ratris Khel Chale 3''''' ({{translation|The Game Runs At Night 3}}) is an Indian [[Marathi language]] supernatural television series which aired on [[Zee Marathi]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=अण्णा नाईक लेकालाच बनवू पाहतायत नवं 'झाड', त्यांच्या तावडीतून वाचू शकेल का अभिराम?|url=https://www.tv9marathi.com/entertainment/television/ratris-khel-chale-3-serial-new-update-anna-naik-trying-to-enter-in-abhirams-body-518138.html|website=TV9 Marathi|date=19 August 2021 |language=mr}}</ref> It premiered from 22 March 2021 and is a sequel to [[Ratris Khel Chale]].<ref>{{Cite news|title=Ratris Khel Chale 3's latest teaser is all about fear and mystery; watch - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/marathi/ratris-khel-chale-3s-latest-teaser-is-all-about-fear-and-mystery-watch/articleshow/81106820.cms|website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>

== Series ==
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! style="padding: 0 8px" colspan="2" rowspan="2" | Season
! style="padding: 0 8px" rowspan="2" | Episodes
! style="padding: 0 8px" colspan="2" | Originally Broadcast
|-
! style="padding: 1 8px" | First aired
! style="padding: 1 8px" | Last aired
|-
|style="background:Red"|
|align="center"| [[Ratris Khel Chale|1]]
|align="center"| 210
|align="center"| {{start date|df=yes|2016|02|22}}
|align="center"| {{end date|df=yes|2016|10|22}}
|-
|style="background:Blue" rowspan="2"|
|align="center" rowspan="2"| [[Ratris Khel Chale 2|2]]
|align="center" rowspan="2"| 413
|align="center"| {{start date|df=yes|2019|01|14}}
|align="center"| {{end date|df=yes|2020|03|27}}
|-
|align="center"| {{start date|df=yes|2020|07|20}}
|align="center"| {{end date|df=yes|2020|08|29}}
|-
|style="background:Yellow" rowspan="2"|
|align="center" rowspan="2"| 3
|align="center" rowspan="2"| 238
|align="center"| {{start date|df=yes|2021|03|22}}
|align="center"| {{end date|df=yes|2021|04|30}}
|-
|align="center"| {{start date|df=yes|2021|08|16}}
|align="center"| {{end date|df=yes|2022|04|09}}
|}

== Plot ==
15 years after Neelima's evil acts to usurp the Naik property, Indumati (wife of Anna Naik) has grown old and works as a maid at agent Salgaonkar's house, and Dattaram works as a servant to the farmer. Madhav was traumatized due to his wife, Neelima's acts and Archis' suicide and becomes mentally unstable and troubled by the villagers. Abhiram has settled in Bangalore with his second wife, Kaveri, after divorcing Devika. Sushma, who is daughter of Shevanta and step-daughter of Indumati and Anna, is rich and wants to sell the Naik Wada, which is in bad condition and is possessed by Anna, Shevanta and all the people killed by Anna.

Sushma wants to sell off the Naik Wada with the help of agent Salgaonkar, Chhaya, and Sarita. Indumati learns of this and calls Abhiram along with Kaveri. After seeing the adversities of the wada, he renovates it. Shevanta possess Kaveri and Anna while in an attempt to possess Abhiram, possesses Sayaji. The possessed couple starts their affair once again and start causing trouble in the Naik wada. After renovation of the Wada, Sushma along with Sayaji, Sarita, Dattaram and Chhaya who is married off to Raghu Kaka who is now turned into Raghunath Maharaj. After learning all of this, Kaveri, possessed by Shevanta, starts troubling everyone with the desire of living alone with Sayaji, who is possessed by Anna.

Soon the spirits starts to meet each other creating misunderstandings against Sayaji and Kaveri. Everyone except Indumati decide to sell off Naik Wada but they are stopped by the spirits. Abhiram learns of Purva who is married off to a mentally disabled man and is ill-treated by her in-laws. He gets her back to the Wada while her in-laws are killed by the spirits. Because the spirits possessing Kaveri and Sayaji, they are ill-treated by the Naiks while the spirits too torture them. Indumati learns of all the possession and asks Raghu to free the spirits but is killed by the spirits.

Indumati reveals the truth of the spirits possessing Kaveri and Sayaji to everyone. Indumati then contacts a sorceress who is revealed to be Vatsala. Vatsala, or Vachhi, who is changed for the good, gains Indumati's trust and enters the Wada to free the spirits. She makes a deal with the spirits to get them married and the spirits should leave the Wada. She also asks the spirits the heal Madhav as the first part of the deal. When the spirits try to trick Vacchi, she traps them and stops their powers along with Madhav, who has become her disciple. Vengeful, the spirits decide to kill all the Naiks.

After all the ruckus, the spirits try to torture the entire family. Sayaji and Kaveri also learn of their possession and are haunted by all the spirits. During this, Purva is married off to her friend. Vacchi, Madhav and Indumati try to tackle the spirits while Abhiram and Sushma try to tame Kaveri and Sayaiji with the help of others. When the things escalate to great extent, the dead villagers' spirits trouble Anna and Shevanta and ask for a human sacrifice, "Bali". Vacchi sacrifices her life against another deal with the spirits to leave the Naiks and wada alone but gets deceived again and loses her life.

After Vacchi's death the spirits again possess Kaveri and Sayaji and try to kill the Naiks but they are stopped and Mai binds them with the promise of the ultimate god to which the spirits agree. She fulfills the final desires but is deceived by the spirits and they try to kill her. Madhav then comes, saves Indumati and frees Anna's spirits with Vacchi's spirit's guidance who repents for all the unfaithful things he caused to the family. Shevanta was on lose and was on her way to kill Naiks but is repelled by the holy spirit of her husband and hence all the souls get freed. The show ends with Kaveri being pregnant with Abhiram's child then the family live happily ever after in the spirit-free Naik Wada.

== Cast ==
=== Main ===
* Madhav Abhyankar as Hari "Anna" Naik<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.lokmat.com/television/when-will-shevanta-come-if-you-want-know-answer-question-immediately-increase-brightness-your-phone-a591/|title=शेवंता कधी येणार? या प्रश्नाचे उत्तर जाणून घ्यायचे असेल, तर लगेचच आपल्या फोनचा ब्राईटनेस वाढवा|website=[[Lokmat]]|language=mr}}</ref>
* Shakuntala Nare as Indumati "Maai" Hari Naik<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.lokmat.com/television/naik-wadyas-story-be-told-ratris-khel-chale-3-a603/|title='रात्रीस खेळ चाले ३'मध्ये माई आणि माधवची झाली दुर्दशा, अशी रंगणार नाईक वाड्याची कथा|website=[[Lokmat]]|date=24 March 2021 |language=mr}}</ref>
* [[Apurva Nemlekar]] / Krutika Tulaskar as Kumudini "Shevanta" Kamalakar Patankar<ref>{{Cite news|title=Actress Krutika Tulaskar to replace Apurva Nemlekar as Shevanta - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/marathi/ratris-khel-chale-3-actress-krutika-tulaskar-to-replace-apurva-nemlekar-as-shevanta/articleshow/87907912.cms|website=[[The Times of India]]|date=25 November 2021 }}</ref>

=== Recurring ===
* Sainkeet Kamat as Abhiram Hari Naik
* Bhagya Nair as Kaveri Abhiram Naik
* Pooja Gore as Purva Dattaram Naik
* Mangesh Salvi as Madhav Hari Naik
* Pralhad Kudtarkar as Pandu
* Suhas Shirsat as Dattaram Hari Naik (Datta)
* Prajakta Wadaye as Sarita Dattaram Naik
* Purniema Dey-Demanna as Sushma Hari Naik (Sushlya)
* Mahesh Phalke as Inspector Sayaji, Sushma's husband
* Anil Gawade as Raghunath Maharaj / Raghunath Gurav (Raghu)
* Namrata Pawaskar as Chhaya Maa / Chhaya Hari Naik
* Suraj Patki as Purva's husband
* Sanjeevani Patil as Vatsala Aaba Naik (Vachchhi)
* Ganesh Jadhav as Vinay

== Production ==
=== Development ===
On 14 February 2021, [[Zee Marathi]] and the production house confirmed the production of ''Ratris Khel Chale 3''.<ref>{{Cite web|title=रघु काकांचा 'रघु महाराज' अवतार शेवंता संपवणार? मालिकेत पुन्हा एकदा येणार मोठा ट्विस्ट!|url=https://www.tv9marathi.com/entertainment/ratris-khel-chale-3-update-raghu-kaka-will-be-die-in-upcoming-episode-433243.html|website=TV9 Marathi|date=8 April 2021 |language=mr}}</ref>

=== Casting ===
Madhav Abhyankar returned as Anna Naik.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Exclusive: Ratris Khel Chale 3 to launch soon, Madhav Abhyankar aka Anna Naik will be back - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/marathi/exclusive-ratris-khel-chale-3-to-launch-soon-madhav-abhyankar-aka-anna-naik-will-be-back/articleshow/80919990.cms|website=[[The Times of India]]|date=15 February 2021 }}</ref> [[Apurva Nemlekar]] returned as Shevanta.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Exclusive: Apurva Nemlekar confirms taking part in Ratris Khel Chale 3; says, "When there is Anna Naik, there is Shevanta also" - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/marathi/exclusive-apurva-nemlekar-confirms-taking-part-in-ratris-khel-chale-3-says-when-there-is-anna-naik-there-is-shevanta-also/articleshow/81627739.cms|website=[[The Times of India]]|date=22 March 2021 }}</ref> Shakuntala Nare, Mangesh Salvi, Sainkeet Kamat, Anil Gawde, Suhas Shirsat, Prajakta Wadaye and Namrata Pawaskar reprised their roles as Indumati, Madhav, Abhiram, Raghunath Gurav, Dattaram, Sarita and Chhaya, respectively, while Purniema Dey<ref>{{Cite news|title=Exclusive: Tula Pahate Re fame Purniema Dey to play Sushma in Ratris Khel Chale 3 - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/marathi/exclusive-tula-pahate-re-fame-purniema-dey-to-play-sushma-in-ratris-khel-chale-3/articleshow/81653923.cms|website=[[The Times of India]]|date=23 March 2021 }}</ref> was offered the role of Sushma Naik who was previously played by Rutuja Dharmadhikari.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.lokmat.com/television/video-new-twist-will-come-ratris-khel-chale-3-persons-entry-will-happen-a603/|title='रात्रीस खेळ चाले ३'मध्ये येणार नवीन ट्विस्ट, होणार या व्यक्तीची एन्ट्री|website=[[Lokmat]]|date=25 March 2021 |language=mr}}</ref> Bhagya Nair selected for the role of Kaveri who speaks [[Malayalam]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=अण्णा नाईक परत येणार....आता कोणत्याही रुपात...|url=https://zeenews.india.com/marathi/entertainment/ratris-khel-chale-3-anna-naik-will-come-soon/557596|website=[[Zee 24 Taas]]|date=18 March 2021 |language=mr}}</ref> In November 2021, Nemlekar quit the series, calling out bullying by co-actors and a dispute with the channel as the reasons.<ref>{{Cite web|title='रात्रीस खेळ चाले'मध्ये पूर्वाचं लग्न निर्विघ्न पार पडणार की त्यात अण्णा आणि शेवंता विघ्न आणणार?|url=https://www.lokmat.com/television/in-ratris-khel-chale-3-will-purvis-marriage-will-happen-without-any-disturbance-a592/|website=[[Lokmat]]|date=8 February 2022 |language=mr}}</ref>

=== Location ===
The series was filmed in [[Konkan]]. The production and filming again took place in Naik's wada.<ref>{{Cite web|title=चित्रीकरण बंद असल्याने प्रेक्षकांना पाहायला मिळणार का झी मराठीवरील मालिकेचे आगामी भाग?|url=https://www.lokmat.com/television/zee-marathi-will-telecast-new-episodes-lock-down-maharashtra-a588/|website=[[Lokmat]]|date=17 April 2021 |language=mr}}</ref> The production and filming of the series then took place in Akeri, [[Maharashtra]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=नाईकांच्या वाड्याला मागणी फार|url=https://maharashtratimes.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/television-news/ratris-khel-chale-bungalow-becomes-tourist-spot/articleshow/56717241.cms|website=[[Maharashtra Times]]|language=mr}}</ref>

=== Filming ===
Filming started in February 2021 in the same Naik Wada in Akeri, Maharashtra.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.lokmat.com/television/some-hoardings-appear-night-have-you-seen-strange-hoarding-ratris-khel-chale-3-series-a591/|title=काही होर्डिंग्स रात्रीच दिसतात! 'रात्रीस खेळ चाले ३' मालिकेचे हे एक आगळंवेगळं होर्डिंग तुम्ही पाहिले का?|website=[[Lokmat]]|date=7 April 2021 |language=mr}}</ref> On 13 April, [[Chief minister]] of Maharashtra [[Uddhav Thackeray]] announced a lockdown due to the rise of [[COVID-19]] cases in Maharashtra, which halted filming.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.lokmat.com/television/audience-will-get-know-about-datta-ratris-khel-chale-3-soon-a588/|title=रात्रीस खेळ चालेमध्ये दत्ता सतत दारू का पितो याचे प्रेक्षकांना मिळणार उत्तर|website=[[Lokmat]]|date=13 April 2021 |language=mr}}</ref> In late July 2021, writer and actor Pralhad Kudtarkar confirmed the return of the series.<ref>{{Cite web|title='अण्णा नाईक आहेत ते, परत येणारच', मुंबईच्या लोकलमध्येही घुमला अण्णा नाईकांचा आवाज!|url=https://www.tv9marathi.com/entertainment/ratris-khel-chale-3-latest-promo-anna-naik-in-mumbai-local-419531.html|website=TV9 Marathi|date=17 March 2021 |language=mr}}</ref> On 8 August 2021, an official promo was released of Shevanta (Apurva Nemlekar) indicating the show's return on 16 August 2021.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/marathi/ratris-khel-chale-3-resumes-shoot-apurva-nemlekar-excited-to-play-shevanta-again/articleshow/85171175.cms|title=Ratris Khel Chale 3 resumes shoot; Apurva Nemlekar excited to play Shevanta again - Times of India|website=[[The Times of India]]|date=9 August 2021 }}</ref>

=== Special episode (1 hour) ===
* 26 December 2021<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.lokmat.com/television/marathi-tv-serial-ratris-khel-chale-3-upcoming-episode-sarita-will-die-a734/|title=संपत्तीच्या हव्यासापोटी होणार सरिताचा मृत्यू; मालिकेत येणार नवा ट्विस्ट|website=[[Lokmat]]|date=24 December 2021 |language=mr}}</ref>

=== Dubbed version ===
{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%; margin-right:0;"
! style="background: Yellow; width:10%;"| Language
! style="background: Yellow; width:25%;"| Title
! style="background: Yellow; width:20%;"| Original release
! style="background: Yellow; width:10%;"| Network(s)
! style="background: Yellow; width:10%;"| Last aired
|-
| [[Hindi]]
| ''Raat Ka Khel Saara 3'' रात का खेल सारा ३<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://zeenews.india.com/marathi/entertainment/marathi-series-ratris-khel-chale-now-telecast-in-hindi-from-29-february/509001|title='रात्रीस खेळ चाले' आता हिंदीतही|website=[[Zee 24 Taas]]|date=16 February 2020 |language=mr}}</ref>
| 1 January 2022
| [[And TV]]
| 18 September 2022
|}

== Awards ==
{| class="wikitable"
|+ [[Zee Marathi Utsav Natyancha Awards]] 2021<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.filmibeat.com/amphtml/marathi-movies/news/zee-marathi-awards-2021-winners-list-out-mazhi-tuzhi-reshimgaath-yeu-kashi-tashi-me-nandayla-win-big-323765.html|title=Zee Marathi Awards 2021 Winners List Out! Mazhi Tuzhi Reshimgaath & Yeu Kashi Tashi Me Nandayla Win Big|website=Filmibeat|date=31 October 2021 |access-date=2021-10-31}}</ref>
!Category
!Recipient
!Role
|-
|Best Supporting Male
|Mahesh Phalke
|Sayaji
|-
|Best Negative Actor
|Madhav Abhyankar
|Anna Naik
|}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* [https://www.zee5.com/tvshows/details/ratris-khel-chale-3/0-6-3206 ''Ratris Khel Chale 3''] at [[ZEE5]]
* {{IMDb title|tt14209382}}

[[Category:Marathi-language television shows]]
[[Category:2020s supernatural television series]]
[[Category:Zee Marathi original programming]]
[[Category:2021 Indian television series debuts]]
[[Category:2022 Indian television series endings]]

M. Y. S. Prasad

2026-01-19T20:31:17Z

Wavage786: started basic entry more to come

{{Short description|Indian space scientist}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2019}}
{{Like resume|date=October 2014}}
{{Infobox scientist
| name = Dr. M.Y.S. Prasad
| image =
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1953|05|04|df=y}}
| birth_place = Andhra Pradesh
| awards = Dr. Y. Nayudamma Memorial Award [[Padma Shri]]<ref>[https://archive.today/20140208220518/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2014-01-26/india/46635650_1_padma-shri-mohammad-ali-baig-padma-bhushan "Padma glory for Gopichand, Baig"], ''The Times of India'', 26 January 2014, retrieved 8 February 2014</ref><ref>[http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-andhrapradesh/state-receives-a-padma-snub/article5619349.ece "State receives a Padma snub"], ''The Hindu'', 26 January 2014, retrieved 8 February 2014</ref> (2014), Vikram Sarabhai Memorial Award
}}
'''M.Y.S. Prasad'''<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.isro.org/pressrelease/scripts/pressreleasein.aspx?Jan01_2013 |title=Dr. Prasad Profile |publisher=ISRO }}{{Dead link|date=July 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> is an Indian [[scientist]] and the former [[Director (business)|director]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-01-02/chennai/36110491_1_new-directors-lpsc-isro |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140107173725/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-01-02/chennai/36110491_1_new-directors-lpsc-isro |url-status=dead |archive-date=2014-01-07 |work=[[The Times of India]] |title=ISRO appoints new directors }}</ref> of the [[Satish Dhawan Space Centre]] [[Sriharikota]] Range<ref name="FFH2RP_Ch_4.1">{{Cite book|chapter-url=https://www.isro.gov.in/pslv-c25-mars-orbiter-mission/fishing-hamlet-to-red-planet-download-e-book|title=From Fishing Hamlet to Red Planet: India's Space Journey|author=Indian Space Research Organization|publisher=Harper Collins|year=2015|isbn=9789351776901|location=India|pages=328|language=English|chapter=4.1 The Spaceport of ISRO - K. Narayana|quote=This centre was originally named SHAR (an acronym for Sriharikota Range – mistakenly referred to as Sriharikota High Altitude Range by some people) by Sarabhai. SHAR in Sanskrit also means arrow, symbolic of the nature of activity and that seems to be the significance of the acronym.|archive-date=8 March 2022|access-date=10 February 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220308184429/https://www.isro.gov.in/pslv-c25-mars-orbiter-mission/fishing-hamlet-to-red-planet-download-e-book|url-status=dead}}</ref> (SDSC-SHAR). Govt. of India’s Civilian Award [[Padma Shri]] for the year 2014 for his distinguished service in Science and Technology.

== Profile of Dr. M.Y.S. Prasad ==
'''M.Y.S. Prasad''' [[Distinguished Scientist (APEX)]], [[ISRO]] & Director, SDSC SHAR, [[Sriharikota]].

*Retired on 31 May 2015 as Director of Satish Dhawan Space Centre SHAR (SDSC-SHAR) of ISRO.
*Regular Employee strength of SDSC is 2100, and annual Budget Rs. 500 Crores
*DS (APEX) is Secretary to Government of India Grade since 1 May 2013.

==Academic Qualifications and Experience==
*Bachelor of Engineering (Electronics and Communications) in 1974 from Government College of Engineering, Kakinada.
*Ph.D. from BITS, Pilani in the subject of "Interference in Satellite Communications" in 2005.
*39 years of experience in Indian Space Program, Steering various activities and programs in different Centres and Units.

==Positions held in ISRO==
*Director of SDSC SHAR, Sriharikota, AP : Jan 2013 to 31 May 2015
*Associate Director SDSC SHAR : 2008 to Dec2012
*Deputy Director SAC, Ahmedabad : 2005 to 2008
*Director DECU, Ahmedabad : 2006 to 2008
*Director MCF Hassan, Karnataka : 1999 to 2005
*Associate Director MCF : 1998 to 1999
*Deputy Project Director PSLV, Thiruvananthapuram : Nov 1997 to Oct 1998
*Counsellor (Space), Embassy of India – Paris, FRANCE : 1994 to 1997
*Deputy Project Director ASLV & Project Manager-Avionics ASLV, VSSC : 1982 to 1994
*Project Engineer SLV-3, VSSC Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala : 1975 to 1982
*Worked in launch vehicle development, communication satellite operations, communication payload and ground systems development, international assignments, and presently in Launch Vehicle Operations Centre. Managed all areas with in-depth technical knowledge and enhanced teamwork.

==Major contributions==

Technology
*Control of preparation, final operations and Launch of all PSLV and GSLV launches since 2008 at SDSC SHAR [[Seventeen PSLV and three GSLV Launches]].
*Handled many emergencies in Real time during Launch preparations, including a large Leak of Propellant in GSLV-D5 first launch attempt in August 2013.
*Contributed extensively to the Failure Analysis of GSLV-F06 and GSLV-D3 Missions.
*Commissioning of 9 GSO Satellite Missions from MCF, Regular operations and [[Emergency operations connected with many on-orbit Satellite anomalies]].
*Handled major emergency of INSAT-2E Satellite, and guided the Team to operate the Spacecraft through many innovative methods for its complete mission life of 12 years.
*Introduced On-Board Computers into Launch Vehicles starting from ASLV.
*Proposed, introduced, qualified and made operational a system in all Launch Vehicles called "[[Realtime Decision System in the Flight Sequencing]]" – which is a key element for all Launch Vehicle successes.
*Introduced Design, Tests, Analysis and Solutions for all Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) problems in Launch Vehicles.

Infrastructure
*Created and commissioned New Master Control Facility at Bhopal for GSO Satellite operations.
*Augmented MCF Hassan Ground Stations and Control Centre to operate 20 Satellites simultaneously.
*Created Satellite based [[Disaster Management Communication System]] - with 22 User Nodes, 15 Disaster Monitoring and Decision making Nodes, and with Hub at New Delhi.
*Planned and realised [[Satellite Communication Link to connect Indian Antarctica Research Station Maithri to Goa]].
*Lead the Team to realise New Mission Control Centre at SDSC SHAR.
*Lead the Team to realise Acoustic Suppression System at Second Launchpad at SDSC SHAR.
*Conceived, Planned, Designed, and presently guiding a large active phased array antenna based beam steering radar for Multi Object Tracking. Project costing Rs. 260 Crores is nearing completion.

==International Experience==
*He has worked for four years in Paris as Counsellor (Space) and Networked many International Aerospace Professionals for the benefit of ISRO.
*Represented India (& ISRO) in the United Nations Committee On Peaceful Uses of Outer Space (UN-COPUOS) for 11 years from 1996-2006.
*Member of the Working Group which evolved "UN Space Debris Mitigation Guidelines", adopted by UN General Assembly in December 2007.
*Elected as [[Member of International Academy of Astronautics (IAA)]] in 2008. Currently Member of IAA Awards Committee.
*Worked as the [[Vice-President of International Astronautical Federation (IAF)]] for 4 years from 2006-2010.
*Elected as [[Member of International Institute of Space Law (IISL)]].
*Visited Aerospace Organisations and Companies in the following Countries during the last 20 years : USA, France, Germany, Italy, U.K., Scotland, Austria, Netherlands, Belgium, Norway, Czech Republic, Hungary, Tunisia, French Guiana, Singapore, South Korea, Japan, China, Canada. This exposure helped to network a large number of Space Professionals, and also to observe their models of working with close understanding.

==Awards and recognition==
*[[Kannada Rajyotsava]] award in the [[field of Science]], 2001.
*[[ISRO Merit]] award for in [[Orbit Management of Geo-stationary Satellites]] 2007.
*[[ISRO Team Excellence]] award for [[Operations of INSAT-2E]], 2007.
*Selected and elected as Member of [[International Academy of Astronautics]] (IAA) in 2008
*[[ISRO Team Excellence]] award as the [[Leader of the team for Satellite based Disaster Warning and Communication Systems]], 2009.
*[[ISRO Team Excellence]] award for [[EDUSAT Utilisation Programme]], 2009.
*[[ISRO Team Excellence]] award as [[Team Leader for Development of Innovative Launch Facilities]], 2011.
*"[[Professor Nayudamma]]" Award for 2013.
*Lifetime Achievement Award in [[Space Technologies]] by [[Arunai Engineering College]], Tamil Nadu, in 2013.
*[[Honorary doctorate]] from [[Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Kakinada]] in June, 2013.
*Govt. of India’s Civilian Award [[Padma Shri]] for the year 2014.
*[[Vikram Sarabhai Memorial]] Award 2014–15 by the [[Indian Science Congress Association]].
*Enrolled in the Institution of Electronics & Telecommunication Engineers (IETE) as Fellow and Honoured with Diamond Jubilee Medal – 2014 for outstanding contribution in the field of Electronics, Communication, IT.
*International Academy of Astronautics (IAA) Laurels for Team Award-2013, as Technology Leader in Chandrayaan-I Mission.
*[[Honorary Doctorate]] from Vignan University, Guntur for the year 2014.{{Citation needed|date=January 2026}}
* Honorary advisor at Egnify Technologies Pvt.Ltd.

==Publications and public outreach==
*40 publications in various Indian and international journals and international conferences.
*Delivered more than 60 invited lectures on different areas of space field in various universities/engineering colleges.
*Taught satellite communication subject for M.Tech. students.

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==See also==
* [[Indian Space Research Organisation]]

{{2000s Padma Shri Award Recipients in Science & Engineering}}
{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Prasad, M. Y. S.}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian aerospace engineers]]
[[Category:ISRO people]]
[[Category:Satish Dhawan Space Centre]]
[[Category:1953 births]]
[[Category:Engineers from Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Shri in science & engineering]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian engineers]]

TeamLease Services

2026-01-12T06:53:08Z

Wavage786: post

{{Short description|Human resource company in India}}
{{Orphan|date=October 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2025}}
{{Infobox company
| name = TeamLease Services Limited
| logo = Teamleaselogo.png
| logo_size =
| logo_alt =
| type = [[Public company|Public]]
| traded_as = {{ubl|{{BSE|539658}}|{{NSE|TEAMLEASE}}}}
| ISIN = {{ISIN|sl=n|pl=y|INE985S01024}}
| industry = [[Recruitment]] and [[Human Resources]] Services
| founded = 2 February 2000
| founder = Manish Sabharwal Ashok Reddy
| hq_location = [[Bengaluru, Karnataka]], India
| num_locations = 9
| key_people =
| products =
| revenue =
| operating_income =
| net_income =
| assets =
| equity =
| num_employees = 3,19,030<ref>{{cite news |title=Q4 FY24 - TeamLease |url=https://group.teamlease.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/TeamLeaseIvestorsPresenationQ4FY24-1.pdf |access-date=2024-07-08 |archive-date=2024-07-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240708184314/https://group.teamlease.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/TeamLeaseIvestorsPresenationQ4FY24-1.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>
| parent =
| subsid =
| website = {{URL|https://group.teamlease.com/}}
| footnotes =
}}

'''TeamLease Services Limited''' is an Indian recruitment and human resources services company established in 2000 with its headquarters in [[Bangalore|Bengaluru, Karnataka]].<ref name=":02">{{Cite web |last=Sengupta |first=Hindol |date=2017-01-09 |title=The work processors |url=https://www.fortuneindia.com/ideas/the-work-processors/100239 |access-date=2023-10-12 |website=www.fortuneindia.com |language=en}}</ref> The company operates nine offices across India, with locations in Bangalore, Mumbai, Pune, Delhi, Ahmedabad, Kolkata, Hyderabad, Chennai, and Bhubaneshwar.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2017-06-15 |title=Working in Delhi? Your risk of getting fired from job is the highest |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/jobs/working-in-delhi-your-risk-of-getting-fired-from-job-is-the-highest/articleshow/59159053.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2024-08-13 |work=The Economic Times |issn=0013-0389}}</ref> It is publicly traded on both the [[National Stock Exchange of India|National Stock Exchange]] (NSE) and the [[Bombay Stock Exchange]] (BSE).<ref name=":1">{{Cite news |date=2017-06-21 |title=TeamLease flowered in Bengaluru because it's a city of ideas: founders |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/startups/companies/teamlease-flowered-in-bengaluru-because-its-a-city-of-ideas-founders/articleshow/59250948.cms |access-date=2023-10-12 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

TeamLease is involved in various sectors, including training, staffing, and other HR services. It also runs a Vocational University and the National Apprenticeship program. It is a [[Fortune India 500]] company.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Fortune India 500 Ranking {{!}} Fortune India |url=https://www.fortuneindia.com/fortune-500 |access-date=2023-10-12 |website=www.fortuneindia.com |language=en |archive-date=2017-09-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170916031848/http://www.fortuneindia.com/fortune-500 |url-status=live }}</ref>

== History ==
In the year 2000, TeamLease was established under the name India Life Chakravarti Actuarial Services Private Limited<ref name=":1" /> by its founders, Manish Sabharwal and Ashok Reddy.<ref>{{Cite web |title=How Resisting Takeover Bids Paid Off For TeamLease |url=https://www.forbesindia.com/article/work-in-progress/how-resisting-takeover-bids-paid-off-for-teamlease/42611/1 |access-date=2023-10-07 |website=Forbes India |language=en}}</ref> The company later changed its name to TeamLease Services Private Limited in 2002.<ref name=":02" />

By 2006, TeamLease had a workforce of over 30,000 associates. In 2009, the company secured funding amounting to $500 million.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=TEAMLEASE Company History |url=https://stock-financials.valuestocks.in/en/teamlease-company-history |access-date=2023-10-12 |website=Dynamic Levels |language=en-US}}</ref> In 2010, TeamLease made an acquisition, taking over IIJT, an IT company based in Navi Mumbai with a network of 120 centers across India.<ref name=":02" /> In 2011, the company received investments worth $250 million and became a founding member of the Indian Staffing Federation, an organization for India's Flexi staffing sector.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-03-15 |title=IT, e-commerce and logistics drive flexi-staffing in India, says industry federation |url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/business/companies/it-e-commerce-and-logistics-drive-flexi-staffing-in-india-says-industry-federation-8235361.html |access-date=2023-10-12 |website=Moneycontrol |language=en |archive-date=2023-10-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231018121944/https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/business/companies/it-e-commerce-and-logistics-drive-flexi-staffing-in-india-says-industry-federation-8235361.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=People Matters - Interstitial Site — People Matters |url=https://www.peoplematters.in/site/interstitial?return_to=%2Fnews%2Fappointments%2Findian-staffing-federation-announces-newly-elected-executive-board-for-the-term-2022-24-33461 |access-date=2023-10-12 |website=www.peoplematters.in |archive-date=2023-10-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231018122929/https://www.peoplematters.in/site/interstitial?return_to=/news/appointments/indian-staffing-federation-announces-newly-elected-executive-board-for-the-term-2022-24-33461 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-09-13 |title=Temporary hiring jumps over 10% as festive season approaches |url=https://www.businesstoday.in/jobs/story/temporary-hiring-jumps-over-10-as-festival-season-approaches-229035-2019-09-13 |access-date=2023-10-12 |website=Business Today |language=en |archive-date=2023-10-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231018122530/https://www.businesstoday.in/jobs/story/temporary-hiring-jumps-over-10-as-festival-season-approaches-229035-2019-09-13 |url-status=live }}</ref>

TeamLease established a partnership with the Government of Gujarat to set up a private university.<ref name=":4">{{Cite news |title=TeamLease Skill University, Labour Ministry sign MoU to expand apparenticeships in India |work=Business Standard |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/teamlease-skill-university-labour-ministry-sign-mou-to-expand-apparenticeships-in-india-115021900307_1.html |access-date=2023-10-12}}</ref> This collaboration led to the establishment of TLSU as a university under the Gujarat Private Universities Act in 2013.<ref name=":4" /><ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-02-19 |title=TeamLease Skill Univ, govt partnership to create 5 lakh apprenticeships |url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/education/teamlease-skill-univ-govt-partnership-to-create-5-lakh-apprenticeships/article6913229.ece |access-date=2023-10-12 |website=BusinessLine |language=en |archive-date=2023-10-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231018122515/https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/education/teamlease-skill-univ-govt-partnership-to-create-5-lakh-apprenticeships/article6913229.ece |url-status=live }}</ref> Classes at the university commenced in 2014.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Coming Soon: India's first 'skills university' |url=https://www.rediff.com/getahead/slide-show/slide-show-1-career-teamlease-skills-university-to-be-operational-by-july-2014/20130117.htm |access-date=2023-10-12 |website=Rediff |language=en}}</ref> TeamLease also initiated a project involving a partnership between the public and private sectors for apprenticeship (NETAP).<ref>{{Cite news |date=2014-06-07 |title=TeamLease Skills University gets provost, to start academic year |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/vadodara/TeamLease-Skills-University-gets-provost-to-start-academic-year/articleshow/36189506.cms |access-date=2023-10-12 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

In 2015, the company rebranded itself to TeamLease Services Limited and became a public company.<ref name=":1" /> It operates from nine regional offices and employs around 2.82 [[lakh]] people.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Dhanjal |first=Swaraj Singh |date=2015-12-14 |title=Teamlease gets Sebi nod for IPO |url=https://www.livemint.com/Companies/FdJZ1FLit7xxbTKYjbxYLI/Teamlease-gets-Sebi-nod-for-IPO.html |access-date=2023-10-12 |website=mint |language=en}}</ref> TeamLease holds a 6 percent market share in the domestic flexi-staffing industry.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=TeamLease Services Report |url=https://www.hdfcsec.com/hsl.research.pdf/Initiating%20Coverage%20-%20TeamLease%20Services%20-%2001%20Dec%202020.pdf |access-date=2023-10-12 |website=HDFC Security |archive-date=2023-10-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231018122320/https://www.hdfcsec.com/hsl.research.pdf/Initiating%20Coverage%20-%20TeamLease%20Services%20-%2001%20Dec%202020.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=":02" /> In 2016, TeamLease raised Rs 190 [[crore]] by issuing shares to 15 anchor investors, including [[Goldman Sachs]] and [[Merrill (company)|Merrill Lynch]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2016-02-01 |title=TeamLease Services raises Rs 190 crore by selling shares of 15 anchor investors |work=The Economic Times |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/markets/stocks/news/teamlease-services-raises-rs-190-crore-by-selling-shares-of-15-anchor-investors/articleshow/50811464.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2023-10-12 |issn=0013-0389 |archive-date=2023-11-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231115220551/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/markets/stocks/news/teamlease-services-raises-rs-190-crore-by-selling-shares-of-15-anchor-investors/articleshow/50811464.cms?from=mdr |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=":02" />

== Acquisition ==
In 2016, TeamLease expanded its business into the IT staffing sector by purchasing ASAP Infosystems<ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-07-04 |title=Staffing and Recruiting Company Teamlease Acquires IT Staffing Startup Asap Info Systems |url=https://inc42.com/flash-feed/teamlease-acquires-asap-info-systems/ |access-date=2023-10-12 |website=Inc42 Media |language=en |archive-date=2023-10-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231018122727/https://inc42.com/flash-feed/teamlease-acquires-asap-info-systems/ |url-status=live }}</ref> and Nichepro Technologies for Rs 67 crore and Rs 29.5 crore respectively.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-09-21 |title=TeamLease up 4% on acquisition of Bangalore-based IT staffing co |url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/business/stocks/teamlease4acquisitionbangalore-based-it-staffing-co-963162.html |access-date=2023-10-12 |website=Moneycontrol |language=en}}</ref> These companies were later integrated into TeamLease's Digital division.

In January 2017, TeamLease completed the purchase of Keystone, acquiring 100 percent of its shares for ₹8.2 crores in cash through TeamLease Staffing, a wholly owned subsidiary of TeamLease.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Staffing Firm Teamlease Reports 132 Percent Increase In Quarterly Profit |url=https://www.forbesindia.com/article/special/staffing-firm-teamlease-reports-132-percent-increase-in-quarterly-profit/45735/1 |access-date=2023-10-12 |website=Forbes India |language=en |archive-date=2023-10-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231018121944/https://www.forbesindia.com/article/special/staffing-firm-teamlease-reports-132-percent-increase-in-quarterly-profit/45735/1 |url-status=live }}</ref>

During the same year, TeamLease entered the Telecom staffing domain by acquiring Evolve Technologies<ref>{{Cite web |last=Nanda |first=Prashant K. |date=2017-10-17 |title=TeamLease to acquire staffing company Evolve Technologies |url=https://www.livemint.com/Companies/JF9Uqc7U7iBYEDZq3EdnAL/TeamLease-to-acquire-staffing-company-Evolve-Technologies.html |access-date=2023-10-12 |website=mint |language=en}}</ref> and also obtained a 40% stake in Schoolguru.<ref name=":22">{{Cite web |title=TeamLease Services Report |url=https://www.hdfcsec.com/hsl.research.pdf/Initiating%20Coverage%20-%20TeamLease%20Services%20-%2001%20Dec%202020.pdf |access-date=2023-10-12 |website=HDFC Security |archive-date=2023-10-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231018122320/https://www.hdfcsec.com/hsl.research.pdf/Initiating%20Coverage%20-%20TeamLease%20Services%20-%2001%20Dec%202020.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>

In November 2021, TeamLease increased its ownership stake in [[Invensys|Avantis]] to 61.5% and rebranded it as TeamLease Regtech.<ref>{{Cite web |last=www.ETHRWorld.com |title=TeamLease Services increases its stake in Avantis Regtech to 61.5% and renames company to TeamLease Regtech - ETHRWorld |url=https://hr.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/industry/teamlease-services-increases-stake-in-avantis-regtech-to-61-5-and-renames-company-to-teamlease-regtech/87458860 |access-date=2023-10-12 |website=ETHRWorld.com |language=en |archive-date=2023-09-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230929134824/https://hr.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/industry/teamlease-services-increases-stake-in-avantis-regtech-to-61-5-and-renames-company-to-teamlease-regtech/87458860 |url-status=live }}</ref> The company also rebranded Schoolguru as TL EdTech, Avantis as TL RegTech, and E-Hire as TL HRTech.<ref name=":22" />

== Subsidiaries ==
* TeamLease Digital
* Keystone Business Solutions
* TeamLease Education Foundation
* TeamLease Skills University
* TeamLease HRTech
* I.M.S.I Staffing
* TeamLease EdTech (formerly known as SchoolGuru Eduserve)
* TeamLease Regtech

== Petition ==
In 2015, TeamLease Services, together with a consortium of 500-plus companies, submitted a petition to the [[Ministry of Labour and Employment (India)|Ministry of Labour and Employment]]. The petition sought to grant employees the ability to have a say in determining their salary payment methods.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2015-01-06 |title=Staffing company TeamLease Services along with 500 firms write to govt over salary payments |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/jobs/staffing-company-teamlease-services-along-with-500-firms-write-to-govt-over-salary-payments/articleshow/45770129.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2024-07-08 |work=The Economic Times |issn=0013-0389 |archive-date=2024-07-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240708184437/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/jobs/staffing-company-teamlease-services-along-with-500-firms-write-to-govt-over-salary-payments/articleshow/45770129.cms?from=mdr |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Awards and achievements ==

* '''2009''': Awarded the "Samman Patra" by the [[Ministry of Finance (India)|Ministry of Finance]], [[Government of India]]<ref>{{Cite news |title=TeamLease Services awarded 'Samman Patra' |work=One India |url=https://www.oneindia.com/2007/02/24/teamlease-services-awarded-samman-patra-1174129913.html |access-date=2023-10-12}}</ref>
* A case study titled "Concept Arbitrage in India" was published by the [[London School of Economics]] with the company<ref>{{Cite web |title=TeamLease Services Limited |url=https://www.bseindia.com/downloads/ipo/2015911165420Teamlease%20-%20DRHP.pdf |access-date=2023-10-12 |website=BSE India}}</ref>
* '''2010''': The [[Harvard Business School]] published a case study titled "TeamLease: Putting India to Work" with the company<ref>{{Cite web |title=TeamLease: Putting India to Work (Il) Legally - Case - Faculty & Research - Harvard Business School |url=https://www.hbs.edu/faculty/Pages/item.aspx?num=38505 |access-date=2023-10-12 |website=www.hbs.edu}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Mitra |first=Moinak |date=2011-06-18 |title=How case studies from India are being taught at Harvard Business School |work=The Economic Times |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/how-case-studies-from-india-are-being-taught-at-harvard-business-school/articleshow/8880205.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2023-10-12 |issn=0013-0389}}</ref>
* '''2023:''' TeamLease was recognized with a "Certificate of Excellence" by the [[Employees' Provident Fund Organisation|Employees’ Provident Fund Organization]] (EPFO), which operates under the [[Ministry of Labour and Employment (India)|Ministry of Labor and Employment]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=TeamLease Services Honored By EPFO For Empowering Women In India |url=https://www.womenentrepreneurindia.com/news/teamlease-services-honored-by-epfo-for-empowering-women-in-india-nwid-3941.html |access-date=2023-10-12 |language=en-US |archive-date=2023-10-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231018122540/https://www.womenentrepreneurindia.com/news/teamlease-services-honored-by-epfo-for-empowering-women-in-india-nwid-3941.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{Official website|https://group.teamlease.com/}}

[[Category:Companies based in Bengaluru]]
[[Category:Human resource management consulting firms]]
[[Category:Consulting firms established in 2000]]
[[Category:Companies listed on the National Stock Exchange of India]]
[[Category:Companies listed on the Bombay Stock Exchange]]

Rupchand Murmu

2026-01-02T20:28:39Z

Wavage786: enhanced structure based on references for clarity

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Multiple issues|
{{BLP sources|date=July 2023}}
{{BLP no footnotes|date=July 2023}}
}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2015}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Rupchand Murmu
| image =
| caption =
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1947|11|3|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Midnapore]], [[West Bengal]]
| residence = [[Midnapore]]
| death_date =
| death_place =
| constituency = [[Jhargram (Lok Sabha constituency)|Jhargram]]
| office = [[Member of Parliament|Member]] of the [[Indian Parliament]] for [[10th Lok Sabha|10th]], [[11th Lok Sabha|11th]], [[12th Lok Sabha|12th]], [[13th Lok Sabha|13th]] and [[14th Lok Sabha|14th]] [[Lok Sabha]]
| term_start = 1991
| term_end = 2009
| predecessor = Matilal Hansda
| successor =
| party =[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]]
| spouse = Sumitra Murmu
| children = 3 daughters
| website =
| footnotes =
| date = 17 September |
| year = 2006 |
| source = http://164.100.24.208/ls/lsmember/biodata.asp?mpsno=263
}}

'''Rupchand Murmu''' (born 3 November 1947) is an Indian politician and a member of the [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]] political party. He was elected to the [[10th Lok Sabha]] in 1991 from [[Jhargram (Lok Sabha constituency)|Jhargram constituency]] in [[West Bengal]]. He was re-elected to the Lok Sabha in 1996, 1998, 1999 and 2004 from the same constituency.

==External links==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20060623125149/http://164.100.24.208/ls/lsmember/biodata.asp?mpsno=263 Official biographical sketch in Parliament of India website]

{{Eleventh to Fourteenth Lok Sabha, West Bengal}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Murmu, Rupchand}}
[[Category:1947 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Santali people]]
[[Category:Communist Party of India (Marxist) politicians from West Bengal]]
[[Category:People from Paschim Medinipur district]]
[[Category:India MPs 2004–2009]]
[[Category:India MPs 1991–1996]]
[[Category:India MPs 1996–1997]]
[[Category:India MPs 1998–1999]]
[[Category:India MPs 1999–2004]]
[[Category:Lok Sabha members from West Bengal]]

{{WestBengal-CPIndiaMarxist-politician-stub}}
{{CPIndiaMarxist-politician-stub}}

Ambadeva

2025-12-12T17:04:11Z

Wavage786: put up the data needs work!

{{Short description|13th-century Kayastha chief}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2024}}
'''Amba-deva''' was a 13th-century chief who carved out an independent principality in present-day [[Andhra Pradesh]] in southern India. He was a member of the Kayastha family, whose members were vassals to the [[Kakatiya]] monarchs. Amba-deva succeeded his elder brother Tripurari as the Kayastha chief in 1272, and soon gave up allegiance to the Kakatiya queen [[Rudrama]]. He defeated several Kakatiya subordinates, and also fought against the neighbouring [[Pandyas]] and their vassals to carve out an independent principality with its capital at Valluru-pattana. A Kakatiya force sent by Rudrama's successor [[Prataparudra]] defeated him in mid-1291.

== Background and early life ==

Amba-deva came from the Kayastha family, who were subordinates to the [[Kakatiya]] family. His elder brothers - first Janniga-deva and then Tripurari-deva (alias Tripurantaka) - preceded him as Kayastha chiefs.{{sfn|R.S. Sharma|1957|p=220}} In the early 1260s, the neighbouring [[Pandya dynasty|Pandyas]] captured the southern part of the Kakatiya kingdom.{{sfn|R.S. Sharma|1957|pp=220-221}} The 1264 CE and 1269 CE inscriptions of Janniga-deva suggest that he re-established the Kakatiya power in this area.{{sfn|Ghulam Yazdani|1960|p=624}} Janniga-deva's successor Tripurari also remained loyal to Rudrama, and ruled as her subordinate during 1270–1272.{{sfn|R.S. Sharma|1957|p=220}}

According to Janniga-deva's inscriptions, he ruled the area extending from [[Panagal, Nalgonda district|Panugal]] in the north to [[Kaivara|Kaivaram-kota]] in the south;{{sfn|Ghulam Yazdani|1960|p=624}} the Kakatiya monarch [[Ganapati (Kakatiya dynasty)|Ganapati]] had conferred this area as a fief upon him.{{sfn|R.S. Sharma|1957|pp=214-218}} However, epigraphic evidence suggests that the [[Kalakada|Kalukada]] chiefs - Keshava-deva and his brother Raya-murari Soma-deva - controlled much of this area.{{sfn|Ghulam Yazdani|1960|pp=624-625}}

Amba-deva succeeded his brother Tripurari-deva as the Kayastha chief in 1272 CE,{{sfn|Ghulam Yazdani|1960|p=628}} and remained in that position for 32 years.{{sfn|Ghulam Yazdani|1960|p=629}} He appears to have been loyal to the Kakatiya monarch Rudrama for some time, as suggested by his title ''raya-sthapanacharya''{{sfn|R.S. Sharma|1957|p=224}} ("a pillar of support for the kingdom"{{sfn|Cynthia Talbot|2001|p=159}}). However, his inscriptions do not mention any overlord, which suggests that he soon asserted independence, giving up his allegiance to the Kakatiya queen [[Rudrama]].{{sfn|Ghulam Yazdani|1960|p=629}} It is not clear what circumstances led him to this decision.{{sfn|P.V.P. Sastry|1978|p=127}}

== Military successes ==

Ambadeva's 1290 CE [[Tripurantakam]] inscription, written in Sanskrit language, records his military successes, including his victories over the feudatories (''mandalikas'') of Rudrama.{{sfn|R.S. Sharma|1957|p=221}}{{sfn|Ghulam Yazdani|1960|p=629}} The chronology of these victories is not certain, but can be determined to some degree with the help of other contemporary records.{{sfn|Ghulam Yazdani|1960|p=630}}

=== Shripati Ganapati ===

According to the Tripurantakam inscription, in 1273, Amba-deva defeated the Kakatiya vassal Shripati Ganapati, the ruler of the Gurindala ([[Gurazala]] or Gurijala) area, and assumed Ganapati's title ''Raya sahasra-malla''.{{sfn|Ghulam Yazdani|1960|p=630}}

Ganapati's rule over the Gurindala area is attested by his 1268 [[Muthukur|Mutukur]] inscription, and by Amba-deva's Nilagangavaram inscription, which calls him Gurindala Ganapati.{{sfn|Ghulam Yazdani|1960|p=630}}

Another inscription, engraved on the same stone as Ganapati's Mutukur inscription on the same day, states that the local [[Five Hundred Lords of Ayyavolu|Vira Balanja]] community made a gift to a village temple on behalf of Rudrama. This suggests that Ganapati was a vassal of Rudrama.{{sfn|Ghulam Yazdani|1960|p=630}} It is not clear what circumstances led to her conflict with Amba-deva.{{sfn|P.V.P. Sastry|1978|p=123}}

In the Tripurantakam inscription, Amba-deva claims to have cut off the heads of 75 chiefs (''nayakas'') in battle.{{sfn|R.S. Sharma|1957|p=221}} These chiefs were probably Rudrama's subordinates, whom she sent to subjugate Amba-deva after his victory over Shripati Ganapati.{{sfn|Ghulam Yazdani|1960|p=630}} The number 75 and the beheading claim are likely poetic exaggeration, and may be interpreted to mean that Amba-deva simply defeated the entire Kakatiya army.{{sfn|Ghulam Yazdani|1960|p=631}}

=== Kopperunjinga ===

According to the Tripurantakam inscription, Amba-deva caused his destruction or ruin (''vidhvamsa'') of [[Kopperunchinga II|Kopperunjinga]] alias ''Kadava-raya'', which suggests that Kopperunjinga was killed in a battle against Amba-deva, probably near [[Nandalur]].{{sfn|Ghulam Yazdani|1960|p=631}}

The inscription dates this event to [[Shaka era|Shaka]] 1184 (1261-1262 CE), but this is likely an error; the event probably took place around 1278–1279, which is the last known year of Kopperunjinga's rule.{{sfn|Ghulam Yazdani|1960|p=631}} At the time, Kopperunjinga may have been a [[Pandya]] vassal sent to support the [[Kalakada|Kalukada]] chiefs,{{sfn|Ghulam Yazdani|1960|p=631}} and possibly, a Kakatiya ally who was guarding Nellore.{{sfn|P.V.P. Sastry|1978|p=124}}

Kopperunjinga may have been supported by the Telugu Choda [[Vijaya Gandagopala|Vijaya Ganda-gopala]], whose 1278-1279 CE Nandalur inscription suggests that he invaded the Kayastha territory.{{sfn|Ghulam Yazdani|1960|p=628}}

=== Support to Manuma Ganda-gopala ===

The Tripurantakam inscription states that Amba-deva appointed Manuma Ganda-gopala on the throne of [[Nellore Chodas|Nellore]].{{sfn|R.S. Sharma|1957|p=222}} Manuma Ganda-gopala was a rival of Vijaya Ganda-gopala, who had earlier driven him out of Nellore. After Vijaya's death in 1279, Manuma sought Amba-deva's help to regain control of Nellore.{{sfn|R.S. Sharma|1957|p=222}}

This event must have taken place sometime before 1282, as attested by Manuma's 1284 CE [[Kodavalur]]u inscription, which is dated to his third regnal year.{{sfn|R.S. Sharma|1957|p=222}}{{sfn|Ghulam Yazdani|1960|p=631}}

=== Manu-Mallideva ===

Amba-deva defeated Manu-Mallideva, the [[Telugu Chodas|Telugu Choda]] ruler of the Eruva region, and annexed his territories.{{sfn|R.S. Sharma|1957|p=221}} The Tripurantakam inscription describes Amba-deva as the hero who took the head of Mallideva.{{sfn|Ghulam Yazdani|1960|p=629}} Manu-Mallideva is known from two Tripurantakam inscriptions, both probably dated 1267–1268, which do not mention any overlord. He may have been a Kakatiya subordinate.{{sfn|Ghulam Yazdani|1960|p=633}}

=== Kalukada chiefs ===

The Tripurantakam inscription states that Amba-deva defeated the [[Kalakada|Kalukada]] chiefs Keshava-deva and Somi-deva, and their ally, the Telugu Chola ruler Allu Ganga of Gutti.{{sfn|R.S. Sharma|1957|p=221}}{{sfn|Ghulam Yazdani|1960|p=629}}

The 1282-1283 Gundluru inscription of Somi-deva suggests that the Kalukada chiefs supported the Pandya invasion of Pottapi-nadu. According to M. Somasekhara Sarma, Amba-deva may have defeated them after he forced the Pandyas to retreat to the south around 1286.{{sfn|Ghulam Yazdani|1960|p=632}} However, according to P.V.P. Sastry, the event took earlier, as the Tripurantakam inscription mentions it immediately after his victory over Shripati Ganapati in 1273 CE.{{sfn|P.V.P. Sastry|1978|p=123}}

With this victory, Amba-deva seized the former Kayastha territory that had been controlled by the Pandya vassals in the early 1260s. He made Valluru-pattana his capital, and strengthened the hill fort of [[Gandikota]]-Monrathapura.{{sfn|Ghulam Yazdani|1960|p=633}}

=== Maravarman Kulasekhara Pandya I ===

Around 1286, Amba-deva, according to the Tripurantakam inscription, "vanquished" the Pandya ruler [[Maravarman Kulasekara Pandyan I|Maravarman Kulasekhara Pandya I]].{{sfn|Ghulam Yazdani|1960|pp=629,632}}

An inscription discovered at Lepaka near Rajampet, and dated the 13th regnal year of the Pandya ruler Maravarman Sundara, suggests that the Pandya army marched to the Pottapi-nadu region in 1282-1283 CE. Led by Jatavarman Sundara II, Maravarman Sundara, and Maravarman Kulashekhara, this army captured the Lepaka-[[Nandalur]] region. Epigraphic evidence suggests that the Pandyas ruled this region for around 5 years, with Pillai Pallava-rayan of Tunjalur serving as the regional administrator.{{sfn|Ghulam Yazdani|1960|p=632}}

Nothing is known about Amba-deva's activity in this region at the time, but it appears that the Pandyas defeated him. The 1283 CE Akkareddipalli (near [[Badvel]]) inscription, which records the construction of a [[Shiva]] temple, mentions Gandapendera Tripurai-deva ''Maharaja'' as the ruler of the area. According to one theory, this ruler was Tripurari-deva II, a son of Ambadeva's elder brother Tripurari-deva, and may have ruled the territory lost by Amba-deva.{{sfn|Ghulam Yazdani|1960|p=632}}

After their defeat against Amba-deva around 1286, the Pandyas seem to have retreated from the region.{{sfn|Ghulam Yazdani|1960|p=632}}

=== Alliance with Bollaya ===

Amba-deva married his daughter to [[Rajanna]], the son of a chief named Bollaya, and conferred upon him the territory around Nandanapura (Nandavaram near Banaganapalli).{{sfn|Ghulam Yazdani|1960|p=629,633}} He did probably to seek Bollaya's support for his march to the nearby Pendekallu.{{sfn|Ghulam Yazdani|1960|p=633}}{{sfn|R.S. Sharma|1957|p=221}}

=== Pendekallu ===

Amba-deva invaded the Pendekallu area, and the Kakatiya queen Rudrama probably sent an army to oppose him. In his Tripurantakam inscription, Amba-deva claims to have "vanquished" all the kings of Andhra, and acquired glory. This is likely a reference to his victory over Rudrama's feudatories.{{sfn|Ghulam Yazdani|1960|p=633}}

=== Role in deaths of Rudrama and Mallikarjuna ===

Amba-deva killed Mallikarjuna, whom the Tripurantakam inscription describes as an enemy of gods and [[brahmin|brahmanas]].{{sfn|Ghulam Yazdani|1960|p=629}} The inscription states that Amba-deva deprived Mallikarjuna of seven limbs,{{sfn|P.V.P. Sastry|1978|p=126}} which in this context, appears to mean "seven constituent members of Mallikarjuna's royalty".{{sfn|Ghulam Yazdani|1960|p=629}} According to the ''Amara-kosha'' these seven "limbs" refer to "king, minister, friend, treasury, territory, forts and forces"; this suggests that Amba-deva also killed Mallikarjuna's overlord Rudrama.{{sfn|P.V.P. Sastry|1978|p=126}}

The Chandupatla inscription records a land gift for the merit of Rudrama and Mallikarjuna, stating that they had "attained ''Shiva-loka''", that is, died. This suggests that Rudrama and her general Mallikarjuna died together in November 1289. According to historian P.V.P. Sastry, Rudrama was likely very old at the time, and did not lead her army; she may have accompanied her army - commanded by Mallikarjuna - to inspire them.{{sfn|P.V.P. Sastry|1978|p=125}}

Amba-deva's revolt is the only political disturbance known to have taken place in the Kakatiya kingdom around 1289 CE.{{sfn|P.V.P. Sastry|1978|p=125}} Combined with Amba-deva's claim of having killed all the kings of Andhra, this suggests that he killed Rudrama. Sastry theorizes that Amba-deva's avoids explicitly claiming that he killed Rudrama, because boasting about killing an old woman would have discredited him as a warrior.{{sfn|P.V.P. Sastry|1978|p=126}}

== Proclamation of sovereignty ==

The 1290 CE Tripurantakam inscription practically proclaims Amba-deva's sovereignty.{{sfn|P.V.P. Sastry|1978|p=125}} Amba-deva established an independent principality that included almost all of the former south-western parts of the Kakatiya territory to the south of the [[Krishna River]].{{sfn|R.S. Sharma|1957|p=222}}

According to Amba-deva's 1287 CE [[Attirala]] inscription, his principality included his capital Valluru-pattana, Gandikota, Muliki-nadu, [[Renadu]], Pendekallu, Sakili, Eruva, and Pottapi-nadu.{{sfn|Ghulam Yazdani|1960|p=633}} His rule probably extended up to [[Gooty Fort|Gutti]] in the west, as a verse in the Tripurantakam inscription suggests that the fort of "Jaga-traya-gupti" (Sanskritized form of "Jagatapi Gutti") was under his protection.{{sfn|Ghulam Yazdani|1960|pp=633-634}} Twelve vassals served him.{{sfn|Ghulam Yazdani|1960|p=634}}

== Defeat against Prataparudra ==

By 1290 CE, Amba-deva appears to have allied with the [[Pandyas]] and the [[Seuna (Yadava) dynasty|Seunas]] against the Kakatiyas.{{sfn|Ghulam Yazdani|1960|p=634}} His Tripurantakam inscription states that the Pandyas nourished friendship with him by sending him elephants and horses, and that the Seuna king gifted him ornaments of gold and gems.{{sfn|R.S. Sharma|1957|p=221}} His Nila-gangavaram inscription also states that the Pandya king aided him by sending him elephants and horses.{{sfn|R.S. Sharma|1957|p=222}}

In 1290 CE, Rudrama's successor [[Prataparudra]] defeated Manuma-Gandagopala, whom Amba-deva had appointed to the throne of Nellore.{{sfn|Ghulam Yazdani|1960|p=636}} In 1291, Rudradeva marched to Tripurantakam against Amba-deva, accompanied by a large army under the command of the Kolani chief Manuma-Gannaya and the Induluri chief Annaya-deva. According to ''Shiva-yoga-saram'', these Kolani and Induluri chiefs, inspired by Rudradeva, dispersed the enemy forces and captured 72 forts. This suggests that the Kakatiya army defeated Amba-deva. Amba-deva's last record at Tripurantakam is dated 13 June 1291; the earliest record of Manuma-Gannaya and Annaya-deva at the place is dated 11 August 1291. This suggests that the Kakatiya defeated Amba-deva sometime between these two dates.{{sfn|Ghulam Yazdani|1960|p=635}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

=== Bibliography ===
{{refbegin}}
* {{cite book |author=Cynthia Talbot |title=Precolonial India in Practice: Society, Region, and Identity in Medieval Andhra |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2001 |isbn=0195136616 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HSfoCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA158 }}
* {{cite book |author=P.V.P. Sastry|author-link=P. V. Parabrahma Sastry |editor=N. Ramesan |title=The Kākatiyas of Warangal |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FiRuAAAAMAAJ |year=1978 |publisher=Government of Andhra Pradesh |location=Hyderabad |oclc=252341228 }}
* {{cite book |author1=N. Venkataramanayya |author2=M. Somasekhara Sarma |chapter=The Kakatiyas of Warangal |editor=Ghulam Yazdani |title=The Early History of the Deccan Parts VII - XI |volume=IX: The Kākatīyas of Warangal |year=1960 |publisher=Oxford University Press |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=g0D5RAAACAAJ |oclc=59001459 |isbn=9788170691259 |ref={{harvid|Ghulam Yazdani|1960}} }}
* {{cite book |author1=N. Venkataramanayya |author2=P.V.P. Sastry |chapter=The Kākatīyas |editor=R.S. Sharma |title=A Comprehensive history of India: A.D. 985-1206 |volume=4 (Part 1) |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ahFuAAAAMAAJ |year=1957 |edition=1987 reprint |publisher=Indian History Congress / People's Publishing House | isbn=978-81-7007-121-1 |ref={{harvid|R.S. Sharma|1957}} }}
{{refend}}

[[Category:13th-century Indian monarchs]]
[[Category:Kakatiya dynasty]]
[[Category:People from Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Indian nobility]]

Hirakud

2025-11-15T02:34:01Z

Wavage786: improved article

{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2018}}
{{more citations needed|date=July 2013}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Hirakud Town
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Town
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Odisha#India
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Odisha, India
| coordinates = {{coord|21.52|N|83.87|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Odisha]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Sambalpur District|Sambalpur]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 160
| population_total = 30,207
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Odia language|Odia]]
| demographics1_title2 = Local
| demographics1_info2 = [[Sambalpuri language|Sambalpuri]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = 
| postal_code =
| registration_plate = OD
| website = {{URL|odisha.gov.in}}
| footnotes =
}}
'''Hirakud''' is a small township located in [[Sambalpur]] in [[Odisha]]. It was a Notified Area Council ([[Nagar panchayat|NAC]]) which was later included along with [[Burla, India|Burla]] in [[Sambalpur]] city to become a [[Municipal_governance_in_India#Municipal Corporation| Municipal Corporation]]. This city is a hub of [[Hindalco Industries|HINDALCO]], an Indian aluminium and copper manufacturing company. [[Hirakud Dam]], is one of the most visited tourist spot. It is one of the longest and largest dams in the world. It is constructed across the [[Mahanadi river]] between the Gandhi Minar in North and the Nehru Minar in the South, which connects these two hills. The shoreline spans around 640 km. This dam had a generating capacity of 290MW.
[[File:Hirakud Fisherman.JPG|thumb|right|Fisherman working near the left dyke of Hirakud Dam]]

==Climate==
{{Weather box
| location = Hirakud (1991–2020)
| metric first = yes
| single line = yes
| width = auto
| Jan record high C = 34.1
| Feb record high C = 36.7
| Mar record high C = 41.9
| Apr record high C = 45.5
| May record high C = 46.1
| Jun record high C = 46.6
| Jul record high C = 37.5
| Aug record high C = 35.8
| Sep record high C = 36.1
| Oct record high C = 36.3
| Nov record high C = 34.1
| Dec record high C = 32.6
|year record high C =
| Jan high C = 28.3
| Feb high C = 30.8
| Mar high C = 35.2
| Apr high C = 39.9
| May high C = 40.5
| Jun high C = 37.3
| Jul high C = 31.7
| Aug high C = 31.7
| Sep high C = 32.6
| Oct high C = 32.3
| Nov high C = 30.8
| Dec high C = 28.6
|year high C = 32.9
| Jan low C = 13.0
| Feb low C = 15.6
| Mar low C = 20.0
| Apr low C = 23.6
| May low C = 26.1
| Jun low C = 26.0
| Jul low C = 24.2
| Aug low C = 24.1
| Sep low C = 24.4
| Oct low C = 21.7
| Nov low C = 18.1
| Dec low C = 13.6
|year low C = 19.9
| Jan record low C = 3.6
| Feb record low C = 9.6
| Mar record low C = 13.9
| Apr record low C = 17.1
| May record low C = 17.2
| Jun record low C = 16.8
| Jul record low C = 19.6
| Aug record low C = 19.3
| Sep record low C = 19.8
| Oct record low C = 14.4
| Nov record low C = 11.0
| Dec record low C = 7.8
|year record low C =
| rain colour = green
| Jan rain mm = 13.7
| Feb rain mm = 12.9
| Mar rain mm = 17.3
| Apr rain mm = 17.8
| May rain mm = 34.3
| Jun rain mm = 228.4
| Jul rain mm = 390.5
| Aug rain mm = 455.5
| Sep rain mm = 231.7
| Oct rain mm = 49.5
| Nov rain mm = 6.0
| Dec rain mm = 4.5
|year rain mm = 1462.0
| Jan rain days = 1.0
| Feb rain days = 1.1
| Mar rain days = 1.4
| Apr rain days = 1.9
| May rain days = 2.5
| Jun rain days = 9.5
| Jul rain days = 16.2
| Aug rain days = 16.2
| Sep rain days = 10.3
| Oct rain days = 3.0
| Nov rain days = 0.7
| Dec rain days = 0.6
|year rain days = 64.4
|time day = 17:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| Jan humidity = 60
| Feb humidity = 51
| Mar humidity = 46
| Apr humidity = 40
| May humidity = 41
| Jun humidity = 58
| Jul humidity = 83
| Aug humidity = 84
| Sep humidity = 81
| Oct humidity = 73
| Nov humidity = 68
| Dec humidity = 64
|year humidity = 61
|source 1 = [[India Meteorological Department]]<ref>{{cite web
| url = https://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/Climatological%20Tables%201991-2020.pdf
| title = Climatological Tables of Observatories in India 1991-2020
| publisher = [[India Meteorological Department]]
| access-date = April 8, 2024
}}</ref>}}
==Demography==
Hirakud is a Notified Area Council city in district of Sambalpur, Odisha. The Hirakud city is divided into 17 wards for which elections are held every 5 years. The Hirakud Notified Area Committee has population of 30,207 of which 15,698 are males while 14,509 are females as per report released by Census India 2011.

The population of children aged 0-6 is 3513 which is 11.63% of total population of Hirakud (NAC). In Hirakud Notified Area Committee, the female sex ratio is 924 against state average of 979. Moreover, the child sex ratio in Hirakud is around 903 compared to Orissa state average of 941. The literacy rate of Hirakud city is 84.00% higher than the state average of 72.87%. In Hirakud, male literacy is around 90.39% while the female literacy rate is 77.11%.

Hirakud Notified Area Committee has total administration over 6,963 houses to which it supplies basic amenities like water and sewerage. It is also authorized to build roads within Notified Area Committee limits and impose taxes on properties coming under its jurisdiction.
<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.census2011.co.in/data/town/801810-hirakud-orissa.html | title=Hirakud Notified Area Committee City Population Census 2011-2022 | Orissa }}</ref>

==Economy==
Hirakud was conceptualized as an industrial town by the erstwhile Chief Minister of Odisha, [[Biju Patnaik]]. On completion of the [[Hirakud Dam]], power intensive industries such as aluminium smelters, cable manufacturing, steel re-rolling mills etc. established their presence in Hirakud. In the 1970s, Hirakud was a major industrial centre of Odisha, perhaps second only to [[Rourkela]]. At this point in time however, the main functional industry at Hirakud is the aluminium smelter of [[Hindalco]] and its associated units. As rural communities around Hirakud are primarily dependent on agriculture, [[Fertilizer Corporation of India]] (FCI) Hirakud helps in storing and managing the food grains of nearby districts as well.

==Educational institutions==
*Hirakud College
*Hirakud ITI, Hirakud, one of the oldest and premier institution in Odisha established in the year of 1956, is imparting training in western part of the state and different trades have been introduced from time to time considering the need of industries.
*Govt Boys and Girls High School Two high schools, one for boys and another for girls is being run by State Govt of Odisha.
*Saraswati shishu vidya mandir The school is in odiya medium . Saraswati shishu vidya mandir is a unique institution based on Indian tradition and culture. In all over India there are approximately 25,000 institutions running under the guidance of Vidya bharati. "Shiksha Vikash Samiti, Orissa" is a registered organization affiliated to Vidya Bharati.It is having classes from nursery to class Tenth.

==Banking Facilities==
Three nationalised banks i.e. State Bank of India,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://ifscbankcodes.com/state-bank-of-india/odisha/sambalpur/hirakud |title=state bank of india hirakud Branch}}</ref> Andhra Bank, HDFC Bank<ref>{{cite web |url=https://ifscbankcodes.com/hdfc-bank/odisha/sambalpur/hirakud |title=hdfc bank hirakud Branch}}</ref> and UCO Bank are currently functioning in hirakud . Besides the ATM facilities of all the above banks and Axis bank, ICICI bank, Punjab National Bank etc are also present .

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Wikivoyage-inline|Sambalpur}}

{{Sambalpur district}}
{{Industrial hubs in Odisha}}
{{Municipalities of Odisha}}

[[Category:Sambalpur]]
[[Category:Cities and towns in Sambalpur district]]
[[Category:Neighbourhoods in Sambalpur]]

{{sambalpur-geo-stub}}

Malleswaran

2025-10-13T17:18:47Z

Wavage786: minor edit

{{Short description|Mountain in Kerala, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2019}}
[[File:Malleeswaran Mudi.JPG|thumb|Malleeswaran Mudi]]
'''Malleswaran Mudi''' ('''മല്ലേശ്വരന്‍ മുടി''') is the highest [[mountain peak|peak]] in the [[Attappadi]] [[Forest reserve|Forest Reserve]] in [[Attappadi]] Tribal Taluk, [[Palakkad district]], [[Kerala]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=Attapadi Reserve Forest: A Hidden World {{!}} Covaipost |url=https://www.covaipost.com/coimbatore/attapadi-reserve-forest-a-hidden-world/ |access-date=2025-06-16 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Attappadi in Palakkad {{!}} Nature and Wildlife in Palakkad {{!}} Malabar places of Interest |url=https://www.keralatourism.org/ |access-date=2025-06-16 |website=www.keralatourism.org |language=en}}</ref> [[India]] at an elevation of 1,664 meters. It is located at the [[Agali Hills]] (അഗളി മലനിരകള്‍) range in the [[Western Ghats]].

[[File:Malleswaran Hills, Thavalam, Attapadi, Kerala 01.jpg|left|thumb|The Malleswaran Hills obscured by clouds.]]
Mahashivarathri is celebrated at the Malleswaran temple. This peak is worshipped as a big shiva lingam by the tribals with great devotion.
<gallery>
File:TEMPLE Mallieswara temple chemmannur attappadi.jpg
File:TEMPLE Mallieswaranmudi, chemmannur attappadi.jpg
</gallery>

{{coord missing|Kerala}}

{{Palakkad-geo-stub}}
{{Asia-mountain-stub}}

== References ==
<references />
[[Category:Mountains of Kerala]]
[[Category:Geography of Palakkad district]]

Mumbai Refinery (HPCL)

2025-10-02T00:59:39Z

Wavage786: quick update

{{More citations needed|date=October 2019}}
[[File:Mumbai-refinery.jpg|alt=View of Mumbai refinery from Bombay Harbor|thumb|305x305px|View of Mumbai refinery from Bombay Harbor]]
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}

The '''HPCL Mumbai refinery''' is one of the most complex [[refineries]] in the country, is constructed on an area of {{Convert|321|acre}}. This versatile refinery which is the first of India's modern refineries, symbolizes the country's industrial strength and progress in the oil industry. Mumbai Refinery has grown over the years as the main hub of petroleum products. The refinery has reached to present level through several upgradation and restructuring processes.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hindustanpetroleum.com/refinerieshistory |title=Refineries History |publisher=[[Hindustan Petroleum]] |accessdate=2019-10-29}}</ref>

==History==
The [[Mumbai Refinery (BPCL)|Mumbai Refinery]] was commissioned by [[Esso]] Standard in {{Start date and age|1954|p=y}}, with an installed capacity of 1.25 million [[tonne]]s per year. The lube refinery, Lube India Ltd, was commissioned in {{Start date and age|1969|p=y}} with a capacity of 165 million tonnes per year of Lube Oil Base Stock (LOBS) production.

Crude processing capacity increased to 3.5 million tonnes per year during 1969. In 1974, the [[Government of India]] took over Esso and Lube India by the Esso (Acquisition of Undertakings in India) Act 1974 and formed HPCL.<ref>[http://indiankanoon.org/doc/1769128/ Esso (Acquisition of Undertakings in India) Act 1974]</ref>

Expansion of the fuels block was carried out by installing new 2 million tonnes per year crude units in 1985. A second expansion of Lube Refinery took place to increase the capacity of the refinery to 335 million tonnes per year, so far the largest in [[India]]. The installed capacity of the refinery was later enhanced to 6.5 million tonnes per year.

The current installed capacity of the refinery is 9.5 million tonnes per year.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hindustanpetroleum.com/hp-refineries|title = About Us}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.fitchratings.com/research/corporate-finance/fitch-affirms-hindustan-petroleum-at-bbb-outlook-negative-14-10-2021|title = Fitch Affirms Hindustan Petroleum at 'BBB-'}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Oil refineries in India}}
{{coord missing|Maharashtra}}

[[Category:Buildings and structures in Mumbai]]
[[Category:Oil refineries in India]]
[[Category:1954 establishments in Bombay State]]
[[Category:Economy of Mumbai]]
[[Category:Energy in Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Hindustan Petroleum]]
[[Category:Hindustan Petroleum buildings and structures]]

{{India-struct-stub}}
{{Petroleum-stub}}

Eho Hamara Jeevna

2025-09-26T15:17:12Z

Wavage786: small changes

{{short description|1969 novel by Dalip Kaur Tiwana}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2025}}
{{Infobox book
| italic title = 
| name = Eho Hamara Jeevna
| image = Eho_Hamara_Jeevna_front_cover.jpg
| image_size =
| alt =
| caption =
| author = [[Dalip Kaur Tiwana]]
| audio_read_by =
| title_orig = ਏਹੁ ਹਮਾਰਾ ਜੀਵਣਾ
| orig_lang_code =
| title_working =
| translator =
| illustrator =
| cover_artist =
| country =
| language = Punjabi
| series =
| release_number =
| subject =
| genre = Novel
| set_in =
| published = 1969
| publisher =
| publisher2 =
| pub_date =
| english_pub_date =
| media_type =
| pages =
| awards =
| isbn =
| isbn_note =
| oclc =
| dewey =
| congress =
| preceded_by =
| followed_by =
| native_wikisource =
| wikisource =
| notes =
| exclude_cover =
| website =
}}

'''''Eho Hamara Jeevna''''' ([[Punjabi language|Punjabi]]: ਏਹੁ ਹਮਾਰਾ ਜੀਵਣਾ; [[English language|English Translation]]: ''This our life'' or ''And Such is Her Fate'') is a [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]] novel written by [[Dalip Kaur Tiwana]]. The novel portrays the life of a disadvantaged Punjabi woman named Bhano, whose family sells her off to an abusive husband and then shuns her.<ref name="MuseIndia">{{cite web|title=Birinder Kaur and JapPreet Bhangu: Dalip Kaur Tiwana’s And Such is Her Fate|url=http://www.museindia.com/featurecontent.asp?issid=36&id=2531|publisher=MuseIndia|accessdate=3 July 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170111202050/http://www.museindia.com/featurecontent.asp?issid=36&id=2531|archive-date=11 January 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=..:: SAHITYA : Akademi Awards ::.. |url=https://sahitya-akademi.gov.in/awards/akademi%20samman_suchi.jsp#PUNJABI |access-date=2023-12-05 |website=sahitya-akademi.gov.in}}</ref>

== Plot ==
Bhano, a woman belonging to a poor farmer family in rural Punjab, is the female protagonist of the novel. In her village, women are often treated as a commodity and are sold for little money. Bhano's father was ready to sell his daughter, and so he arranged a marriage between her and Sarban, a resident of Moranwalli village. After her marriage, she faces harassment and torture, with Sarban's friends and brothers also sexually abusing and harassing her. Following Sarban's death, which was caused by a fight with his brothers, Bhano's life becomes more miserable, with her father trying to sell her again, this time to one of Sarban's brothers. Bhano attempts to commit suicide in order to escape, but a man named Narain saves her life and later takes her as his wife without denying her any rights.

== Theme ==
Tiwana attempted to portray the ordinary life of a downtrodden Indian and Punjabi woman in this novel. "She has no kith or kin. Once the bargain is struck, her relationship with her parents also gets detached. She lives on an island of social outcast even in a small village. She belongs to none. But socially and individually, she does not exist, she only 'floats'.", said reviewer Harjeet Singh Gill, commenting on Bhano's character.<ref name="Gender as fate">{{cite web|title=Gender as fate|url=http://www.researchscholar.co.in/downloads/83-harleen-kaur.pdf|accessdate=3 July 2016}}</ref>

== Publication ==
The novel was first published in 1968 and was Dalip Kaur Tiwana's second novel. The novel was translated into English as ''And Such is Her Fate''. Tiwana received [[Sahitya Akademi Award]] for the novel in 1971. <ref name="Gender as fate" />

== Film adaptation ==
The novel was adapted into a television series that aired from 1996 to 1997 on [[DD Punjabi]].<ref name="Punjabi Tv Serial Eho Hamara Jeevna">{{cite web|title=Punjabi Tv Serial Eho Hamara Jeevna|url=https://nettv4u.com/about/punjabi/tv-serials/eho-hamara-jeevna|accessdate=9 May 2025}}</ref> It was also adapted into a film by [[Om Puri]] in 2011. Prior to the novel's adaptation as a film, Puri had talked about making a film on the novel, with her saying "Eho Hamara Jeevna looks at the condition of women in Punjab and though the novel was written almost four decades ago, the story still rings truth".<ref name="Om Puri To Turn Director With Eho Hamara Jeevna - NDTV Movies">{{cite news|title=Om Puri To Turn Director With Eho Hamara Jeevna - NDTV Movies|url=http://movies.ndtv.com/bollywood/om-puri-to-turn-director-with-eho-hamara-jeevna-599241|accessdate=3 July 2016|work=NDTV Movie|archive-date=20 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150920111738/http://movies.ndtv.com/bollywood/om-puri-to-turn-director-with-eho-hamara-jeevna-599241|url-status=dead}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Punjabi-language books]]
[[Category:Novels about Indian women]]
[[Category:1968 Indian novels]]
[[Category:Sahitya Akademi Award–winning works]]

Jarrah (surgeon)

2025-09-22T06:16:16Z

Wavage786: Creating A Article!

{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2020}}
'''Jarrah''' ({{langx|ar|الجراح}}, {{langx|ar|جراح}}) is the [[Arabic]]-language word for [[surgeon]].

==Arabic==
The word ''Jarrah'' means [[:ar:جراح |surgeon]] in the Arabic-language. The root of the word is derived from the Arabic word "جرح" (jarh), meaning "injury." The Arabic word for surgery, [[:ar:جراحة|Jiraha]], shares the same root.

Jarrah is a common [[Jarrah (name)|surname]] in the Levant, including in Palestine, Syria, and Lebanon.
==Deccani-Urdu==
In [[Dakhini|Deccani-Urdu]] the word ''Jarrah'' is termed for the [[Orthopaedists]] who are trained in the discipline of [[Unani medicine]].<ref name="timesofindia">{{cite news| title=Hyderabad through the eyes of a voyager| newspaper=The Times of India| date=24 July 2011|first=Syed|last=Mohammed|accessdate=20 February 2020| url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/Hyderabad-through-the-eyes-of-a-voyager/articleshow/9340561.cms}}</ref> In [[South India]] and particularly [[Hyderabad, India]] ''Jarrah'' are the [[Bonesetter|bone setters]], [[Joint dislocation|adjust joint dislocations]] and [[physiotherapists]],<ref name="timesofindia"/> they use non-surgical means to treat [[fractures]], [[dislocation]], [[Sports injury|sports injuries]] and set the bone without applying any plaster. Jarrah do not rely on latest technology of treatment like [[X-ray]] or any [[diagnosis]] and uses the art of treating orthopaedic problems with bare hands and supplementing it with regular essential oil [[massage]]s and specially prepared [[Unani medicine]] pastes,<ref name="thehansindia.info">{{cite news| title=Traditional bone setters unfazed by orthopaedists| publisher=thehansindia.info| date=4 September 2011| url=http://www.thehansindia.info/News/Article.asp?category=1&subCategory=12&ContentId=2584| accessdate=4 September 2011}}{{Dead link|date=February 2020 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> this is a long-term treatment, with minimum 3 weeks depending on the seriousness of case.

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://www.thehansindia.info/News/Article.asp?category=1&subCategory=12&ContentId=2584 Traditional bone setters unfazed by orthopaedists]{{Dead link|date=February 2020 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
* {{usurped|[https://web.archive.org/web/20021227043050/http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/mp/2002/11/13/stories/2002111300420100.htm A bond with bones: hinduonnet.com]}}

{{Traditional Medicine}}

[[Category:Islam in India]]
[[Category:History of medieval medicine]]
[[Category:Traditional health care occupations]]
[[Category:Unani medicine]]
[[Category:Arabic-language names]]
[[Category:Healthcare in Hyderabad, India]]

Bhumihar

2025-09-18T07:14:56Z

Wavage786: cleanup

{{Short description|Caste of India}}
{{distinguish|Bhuiyar}}
{{pp-extended|small=yes}}
{{Use British English|date=March 2013}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2014}}
{{Infobox ethnic group
| group = Bhumihar
| image = Majaraja of Benares and Suite, 1870s.jpg
| image_caption = Ruler of the [[Benares State]] in 1870s, one of the both notable Bhumihar rulers
| region1 = [[East India]]
| pop1 = 3,750,886 (2.87% of population of Bihar.)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/bihar-caste-census-data-8965210/|title=What Bihar caste census data say|website=Indian express|date=2 October 2023 |accessdate=2 October 2023|archive-date=2 October 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231002125434/https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/bihar-caste-census-data-8965210/|url-status=live}}</ref>
| ref1 = <ref name="Kumar05">{{cite news | url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/Cities/Patna/Bhumihars_rooted_to_the_ground_in_caste_politics/articleshow/msid-1001601,curpg-2.cms | title=Bhumihars rooted to the ground in caste politics | last=Kumar | work=[[The Times of India]] | date=25 January 2005 | access-date=2008-04-05 | archive-date=30 September 2008 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080930195759/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/Cities/Patna/Bhumihars_rooted_to_the_ground_in_caste_politics/articleshow/msid-1001601,curpg-2.cms | url-status=live }}</ref>
| languages = [[Hindi]], [[Bhojpuri language|Bhojpuri]], [[Magahi language|Magahi]], [[Maithili language|Maithili]], [[Angika]], [[Bajjika dialect|Bajjika]], [[Bundeli]]
| religions = [[Hinduism]]
}}

'''Bhumihar''', also locally called '''Bhuinhar'''<ref>{{cite book |last=Freitag |first=Sandra B. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9zKBWJejblgC&pg=PA8 |title=Culture and Power in Banaras: Community, Performance, and Environment, 1800-1980 |publisher=University of California Press |year=1992 |isbn=978-0-52008-094-2 |page=8}}</ref> and '''Babhan''',<ref name="Ravindra2012">{{cite book |last=Jain |first=Ravindra K. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cy6pAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA4 |title=Nation, Diaspora, Trans-nation: Reflections from India |publisher=Routledge |year=2012 |isbn=978-1-136-70414-7 |page=4}}</ref> is a [[Hindu]] [[Indian caste system|caste]] mainly found in [[Bihar]] (including the [[Mithila (region)|Mithila]] region),<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=A0i94Z5C8HMC&pg=PA33 |title=Anthropology of Ancient Hindu Kingdoms: A Study in Civilizational Perspective |first=Makhan |last=Jha |page=33 |publisher=MD Publications |year=1997 |isbn=9788175330344 }}</ref> the [[Purvanchal]] region of [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[Jharkhand]], the [[Bundelkhand]] region of [[Madhya Pradesh]], and [[Nepal]].<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pINgUv_hxcYC&pg=PA45 |title=Political Economy and Class Contradictions: A Study |first=Jose J. |last=Nedumpara |date=January 2004 |publisher=Anmol |isbn=9788126117185 |access-date=2012-07-12}}{{Page needed|date=June 2014}}</ref>

They have traditionally been a land-owning group of eastern India, and controlled some small [[princely state]]s and [[zamindari]] estates in the region in the early 20th century. They played an important role in the [[peasant movement]]s and [[politics of Bihar]]. They claim [[Brahmin]] status, although their ''[[Varna (Hinduism)|varna]]'' has been subject to much debate.<ref name="Arvind1982">{{cite book |last=Das |first=Arvind N. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GL_yRdwbQP8C&pg=PA51 |title=Agrarian Movements in India: Studies on 20th Century Bihar |publisher=Psychology Press |year=1982 |isbn=978-0-7146-3216-2 |pages=51–52}}</ref>

== Etymology ==

The word ''bhūmihār'' is of relatively recent origin, first used in the records of [[United Provinces of Agra and Oudh]] in 1865. It derives from the word ''bhūmi'' ("land"), referring to the caste's landowner status. The term ''Bhumihar Brahmin'' was adopted by the community in the late 19th century to emphasise their claim of belonging to the priestly [[Brahmin]] class.<ref name="Ashwani2008_125">{{cite book |first=Ashwani |last=Kumar |title=Community Warriors: State, Peasants and Caste Armies in Bihar |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=num2I4NFGqIC&pg=PA125 |year=2008 |publisher=Anthem Press |isbn=978-1-84331-709-8 |pages=125–127 |access-date=21 September 2016 |archive-date=9 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231109032322/https://books.google.com/books?id=num2I4NFGqIC&pg=PA125#v=onepage&q&f=false |url-status=live }}</ref> The alternate name ''Babhan'' has been described as an [[apabhramsha]] for ''brāhmaṇ'' (Brahmin).<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Sinha |first1=Gopal Sharan |first2=Ramesh Chandra |last2=Sinha |date=September 1967 |title=Exploration in Caste Stereotypes |jstor=2575319 |journal=Social Forces |volume=46 |issue=1 |pages=42–47 |publisher=University of North Carolina Press |doi=10.1093/sf/46.1.42}}</ref>{{Failed verification|date=July 2025}}

== History ==

As with many castes in India, there are numerous [[myth of origin|myths regarding the origins]] of the Bhumihar community. One legend states that they are the offspring of a union between [[Rajputs in Bihar|Rajput]] men and Brahmin women, while according to another, they derive from [[Brahman]]-[[Buddhist]]s who lost their high position in Hindu society. The Bhumihars themselves dislike these narratives involving "hybridity" or "fallen status", and claim to be pure Brahmins.<ref name="Ashwani2008_125"/>
[[File:Parashurama_with_axe.jpg|thumb|Portrait of Parashurama by Raja Ravi Varma.]]
Another legend states that they are the descendants of the sixth [[Incarnations of Vishnu|incarnation of Vishnu]], [[Parashurama]]. As Parashurama was a Brahmin who carried out [[warfare]] like a [[Kshatriya]], Bhumihars thus claim the traits of both the [[Varna (Hinduism)|varnas]].{{citation needed|date=May 2025}}

By the 16th century, the Bhumihars controlled vast stretches of land in eastern India, particularly in north Bihar. By the late eighteenth century, along with [[Rajputs in Bihar|Bihari Rajputs]], they had established themselves as the most prominent landholders of the region.<ref name="Anand1998">{{cite book |first=Anand A. |last=Yang |title=Bazaar India: Markets, Society, and the Colonial State in Gangetic Bihar |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=D5lQutvzAp4C&pg=PA139 |year=1998 |publisher=University of California Press |isbn=978-0-520-91996-9 |page=139}}</ref> Oral legends suggest that along with Muslims and Rajputs, they displaced the [[Bhar]] and [[Chero dynasty|Chero]] natives of the region.<ref name="Anand1989">{{cite book |first=Anand A. |last=Yang |title=The Limited Raj: Agrarian Relations in Colonial India, Saran District, 1793-1920 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ck4jmD7H34UC&pg=PA57 |year=1989 |publisher=University of California Press |isbn=978-0-520-05711-1 |page=57}}</ref> The weakening of the [[Mughal Empire|Mughal]] suzerainty over the region gave rise to several small Bhumihar states. For example, the revenue contractors for the Mughal province of [[Awadh]] declared themselves the [[Maharaja]] of [[Benares State|Benares]]. They successfully defended their independence against the [[Nawab of Awadh]] in the 1750s and 1760s, before becoming a British dependency.<ref name="CABayly1988">{{cite book |first=Christopher A. |last=Bayly |title=Rulers, Townsmen and Bazaars: North Indian Society in the Age of British Expansion, 1770-1870 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xfo3AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA17 |date=19 May 1988 |publisher=CUP Archive |isbn=978-0-521-31054-3 |pages=17–18 |access-date=21 September 2016 |archive-date=4 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230404134537/https://books.google.com/books?id=xfo3AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA17 |url-status=live }}</ref> Other [[princely state]]s and [[zamindari|fiefdoms]] ruled by Bhumihars included [[Bettiah Raj|Bettia]], [[Tekari Raj|Tekari]], [[Hathwa Raj|Hathwa]], Tamukhi, [[Sheohar]], [[Mahishadal]], [[Pakur]] and [[Maheshpur Raj|Maheshpur]].{{citation needed|date=June 2023}}

The distinctive Bhumihar caste [[ethnic identity development|identity]] was largely created through military service.<ref name="Susan2001">{{cite book |first=Susan |last=Bayly |title=Caste, Society and Politics in India from the Eighteenth Century to the Modern Age |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HbAjKR_iHogC&pg=PA203 |date=22 February 2001 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-79842-6 |page=203}}</ref> During the early days of [[Company rule in India|British expansion]] in India, Bhumihars under [[Maharaja Chait Singh|Raja of Banaras, Cheyt Singh]] participated in revolts against the [[East India Company]] in 1781.<ref name="Pradeep2005">{{cite book |first=Pradeep |last=Barua |title=The State at War in South Asia |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FIIQhuAOGaIC&pg=PA76 |year=2005 |publisher=U of Nebraska Press |isbn=0-8032-1344-1 |page=76}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Maharatna |first=Paramita |date=2007 |title=Explaining Chait Singh's Revolt in Bihar (1781): The Role of the Refractory Bihar Zamindars |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/44147866 |journal=Proceedings of the Indian History Congress |volume=68 |pages=565–572 |jstor=44147866 |issn=2249-1937}}</ref> After his defeat, the Company started recruiting Bhumihar [[sepoy]]s in large numbers until the [[Indian Rebellion of 1857]].<ref name="Kaushik2004">{{cite book |first=Kaushik |last=Roy |title=India's Historic Battles: From Alexander the Great to Kargil |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jpXijlqeRpIC&pg=PA98 |year=2004 |publisher=Orient Blackswan |isbn=978-81-7824-109-8 |page=98}}</ref>

In [[History of India (1947–present)|post-independence India]], according to author Rumela Sen, the majority of upper caste households, including those of Bhumihars, had landholdings of sufficient size to qualify them as "middle peasants". Though there existed few large landholders amongst them, the vast majority had economic status similar to middle peasants of [[Koeri]], [[Kurmi]] and the [[Yadav]] caste.<ref name="Sen">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EtEiEAAAQBAJ|title=Farewell to Arms: How Rebels Retire Without Getting Killed|author=Rumela Sen|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|year=2021|isbn=978-0197529867|pages=48–49|access-date=12 July 2022|quote=the majority of these high-caste households were small landlords with landholdings that might also qualify them as "middle peasants." Their economic status was very similar to the middle peasant households among the backward-caste (Bania, Yadav, Kurmi, and Koeri). Although the Maoists identified these backward castes as a sympathetic class, some landowning, backward-caste households actually had economic interests in common with the upper-caste farming families.|archive-date=12 July 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220712115253/https://books.google.com/books/about/Farewell_to_Arms.html?id=EtEiEAAAQBAJ|url-status=live}}</ref> The general categorisation of all the Bhumihars being landlords is thus not a factually correct idea, as in urban areas latter were found to be engaged in a variety of occupations. The upper crust among Bhumihars in urban areas were professionals and bureaucrats but many of them also worked as [[factory worker]]s, [[coal miner]]s and even load carriers (''Mazdoors'' or the labourers).<ref>{{cite book|title=India after Naxalbari: Unfinished History|author=Bernard D'Mello|publisher=NYU Press|year=2018|isbn=978-1583677087|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8K07DwAAQBAJ&q=india+after+naxalbari|quote=Nevertheless, the Bhumihars in Bihar are certainly not all "casteist" landlords. In the villages, there are Bhumihar landlords, but there are also Bhumihars who are small landowners. Of course, they consider it below their dignity to labor in the fields, especially ploughing the land, and as a result of their caste loyalty, they are politically on the same side as the big landowners of their caste. In urban areas, Bhumihars can be professionals, teachers, bureaucrats, judges, factory workers, coal miners, and even loading mazdoors.|access-date=27 May 2023|archive-date=9 November 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231109032323/https://books.google.com/books?id=8K07DwAAQBAJ&q=india+after+naxalbari|url-status=live}}</ref>

== Varna status ==

Among various narratives regarding their origin, composition and varna status, one states that there is an element of a low caste tribe called "Bhuyans" who gained land and assimilated with the Bhumihars.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rkjqDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA242|last=George|first=A|year=2016|title=Social Ferment in India|place=United Kingdom|publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing|page=242|isbn=9781474291125|access-date=18 March 2023|archive-date=9 November 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231109032322/https://books.google.com/books?id=rkjqDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA242|url-status=live}}</ref> Many communities do not give them the ritual status of priestly Brahmins, as most of them were cultivators during the British Raj.<ref name="Arvind1982"/> Some of the early censuses of British India categorised Bhumihars of Bihar as [[Shudra]]s, the lowest of the four [[varna in Hinduism|varnas]]. This was considered insulting, especially since several [[zamindar]]s (land-owning aristocrats) were Bhumihars.<ref name="Jeffrey2013">{{cite book |first=Jeffrey |last=Witsoe |title=Democracy against Development: Lower-Caste Politics and Political Modernity in Postcolonial India |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sQcGAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA31 |date=5 November 2013 |publisher=University of Chicago Press |isbn=978-0-226-06350-8 |page=31}}</ref> Unlike the Brahmans or Rajputs, the Bhumihars did not participate in the [[Indian Rebellion of 1857|rebellion against British rule in India]] in 1857, but to their dismay, they were classified as belonging to the third position after Brahmins and [[Rajput]]s in Bihar and UP in the ad-hoc census of 1865 and the regular census of 1881.<ref>KUMAR, PURUSHOTTAM. “BHUMIHARS STRUGGLE FOR BRAHMIN STATUS (1857-1911).” Proceedings of the Indian History Congress, vol. 56, Indian History Congress, 1995, pp. 739–41, http://www.jstor.org/stable/44158695 {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211008090914/https://www.jstor.org/stable/44158695 |date=8 October 2021 }}.</ref>

== Sanskritisation ==

Like many other castes, the Bhumihars followed the process of [[sanskritisation]] to achieve their end. The Bhumihar zamindars and princely state rulers established caste-based associations (''sabha''s) to form a community network and to advance their claims to Brahmin status. The ''Pradhan Bhumihar Brahman Sabha'' ("Chief Assembly of Bhumihar Brahmins") was established in [[Patna]] in 1889. Its objective was "to improve moral, social and educational reforms of the community and to represent the wants of the community to the government".<ref>{{cite book |title=Action Sociology and Development |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=l2Qt9tv2nSkC&pg=PA121 |date=1 January 1992 |publisher=Concept Publishing Company |isbn=978-81-7022-726-7 |page=121}}</ref> The Bhumihar Brahmin Mahasabha ("great assembly") was established in 1896.<ref>{{cite book |first=Ramacandra |last=Kshirasagara |title=Dalit Movement in India and Its Leaders, 1857-1956 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Wx218EFVU8MC&pg=PA385 |date=1 January 1994 |publisher=M.D. Publications Pvt. Ltd. |isbn=978-81-85880-43-3 |page=385}}</ref> The local ''Bhumihar Brahmin Sabha''s included the ones at [[Muzaffarpur]] (1899), Patna (1899), [[Gaya, India|Gaya]] (1900) and Saran (1908).<ref name="Ashwini2008_210"/>

These associations made numerous petitions to be classified as Brahmins in the [[census of India prior to independence|1901 census report]].<ref name="William1996">{{cite book |first=William R. |last=Pinch |title=Peasants and Monks in British India |url=http://publishing.cdlib.org/ucpressebooks/view?docId=ft22900465;chunk.id=s1.3.13;doc.view=print |date=19 May 1996 |publisher=University of California Press |isbn=978-0-520-91630-2 |pages=83–84 |access-date=11 November 2014 |archive-date=11 November 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141111092437/http://publishing.cdlib.org/ucpressebooks/view?docId=ft22900465;chunk.id=s1.3.13;doc.view=print |url-status=live }}</ref> Persistent pressure from the Mahasabha, who glorified the history of the community, led to official recognition of the Bhumihars as Brahmins in the later Raj censuses. According to Ashwani Kumar, the Bhumihar claim to Brahmin status means that today "unlike other upper castes, [they] guard the local caste hierarchy more zealously for they perpetually feel the pressure of being dislocated and discredited in the topsy-turvy world of caste."<ref name="Ashwani2008_125"/>

Besides campaigning for the Brahmin status, the caste associations also played an important role in ensuring the general welfare of the community. In 1899, the Bhumihar Brahmin Mahasabha, with financial aid from a zamindar, established a college at Muzaffarpur. This was accredited to award degrees in the following year and it was a significant development because education in the area was improving rapidly but students desirous of furthering it had to travel to [[Bhagalpur]], [[Calcutta]] or Patna. By 1920, 10 per cent of Bhumihars in Bihar were literate, making them one of the few literate castes; in this achievement, however, they were well behind the [[Kayastha]]s (33 per cent) and some other groups.<ref>{{cite book |title=Education and Social Changes in Bihar, 1900-1921: A Survey of Social History of Bihar from Lord Curzon to Noncooperation Movement |first=Shreedhar Narayan |last=Pandey |publisher=Motilal Banarsidass |year=1975 |isbn=9780842609869 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9PX938QYfmsC&pg=PA6 |pages=6–7, 161, 172–173}}</ref> In the first half of the 20th century, the Bhumihars suffered increasing economic hardships due to the steady fragmentation of land rights amongst heirs and the decline in agricultural prices during the [[Great Depression in India|Great Depression]]. During this period, the Bhumihar associations served as community networks that facilitated access to English education and urban employment.<ref name="Jeffrey2013"/> As with the Rajputs, Kayasthas and other high castes of Bihar – and as opposed to the methods used by most lower castes – neither the Mahasabha nor any other formal body exercised power to make and enforce caste rules.<ref>{{cite book |title=Education and Social Changes in Bihar, 1900-1921: A Survey of Social History of Bihar from Lord Curzon to Noncooperation Movement |first=Shreedhar Narayan |last=Pandey |publisher=Motilal Banarsidass |year=1975 |isbn=9780842609869 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9PX938QYfmsC&pg=PA171 |page=171}}</ref>

The Bhumihar Brahmin Mahasabha held annual sessions in different parts of present-day Uttar Pradesh and Bihar. Among its prominent leaders was [[Sahajanand Saraswati]], a leader of the Bhumihar Brahmin Sabha of Patna. During the Balia session of 1914, Sahajanand defended the Brahmin status of the Bhumihars, using quotes from Hindu scriptures to argue that priestly functions do not alone define Brahmins. In 1916, he published a book titled ''Bhumihar Brahmin Parichay'' ("Introduction to Bhumihar Brahmins"), which outlined these arguments. He classified Brahmins into two categories – begging (''yachak'') and non-begging (''ayachak'') – and stated that the Bhumihars were among the non-begging Brahmins. The Bhumihars of [[Uttar Pradesh]] attempted to popularise the term "Bhumihar Brahmin", while discarding the term "Babhan". However, the term "Babhan" remained popular in Bihar.<ref name="Ashwini2008_210">{{cite book |first=Ashwani |last=Kumar |title=Community Warriors: State, Peasants and Caste Armies in Bihar |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=num2I4NFGqIC&pg=PA210 |year=2008 |publisher=Anthem Press |isbn=978-1-84331-709-8 |page=210}}</ref> The recognised Brahmins did not favour the Bhumihar attempts to claim an equal status, and even stopped going to Bhumihar homes to perform ceremonies.<ref name="Sinha1991">{{cite book |first=Arun |last=Sinha |title=Against the few: struggles of India's rural poor |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mS25AAAAIAAJ |year=1991 |publisher=Zed Books |isbn=978-0-86232-718-7}}</ref>

== Political influence ==
The Bhumihars were influential in the politics of Bihar since the British days up to the early decades of post independence India. Noted Bhumihar princely state rulers included [[Harendra Kishore Singh]] (Raja of [[Bettiah Raj|Bettiah]]) and [[Vibhuti Narayan Singh]] (Raja of the [[Benares State|Benares]]). However, in the latter years, the [[Other Backward Class|OBC]] consolidation in the state of Bihar led the dominant OBC castes like the [[Koeri]], [[Kurmi]] and [[Yadav]] to take lead in acquisition of political power; they replaced the upper castes, the Bhumihars, [[Rajput]]s, [[Brahmin]] and [[Kayastha]] in the political circle. By 1990s, there emerged two political blocs in the state, led by [[Lalu Prasad Yadav]] and [[Nitish Kumar]] respectively, which represented these three castes.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IVxODwAAQBAJ&pg=PT66|last=Kumar|first=S.|year=2018|title=Post-Mandal Politics in Bihar: Changing Electoral Patterns|place=India|publisher=SAGE Publications|isbn=9789352805860|access-date=11 March 2023|archive-date=11 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230311173417/https://books.google.com/books?id=IVxODwAAQBAJ&pg=PT66|url-status=live}}</ref>

The Bhumihars have also played a pioneering role in organising [[peasant movement|peasant]], [[list of communist parties in India|leftist]] and [[Indian independence movement|independence]] movements since the 1910s.<ref name="ToI2004_eye">{{cite news | url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/articleshow/767453.cms | title=BJP, Cong eye Bhumihars as Rabri drops ministers | first=Abhay | last=Singh | work=[[The Times of India]] | date=6 July 2004 | access-date=2014-11-11 | archive-date=30 September 2008 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080930195830/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/articleshow/767453.cms | url-status=live }}</ref> In 1914 and 1916, the Bhumihars of Pipra and Turkaulia revolted against [[indigo revolt|indigo cultivation]].<ref name="Judith1974">{{cite book |first=Judith M. |last=Brown |title=Gandhi's Rise to Power: Indian Politics 1915-1922 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HUo4AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA55 |date=26 September 1974 |publisher=CUP Archive |isbn=978-0-521-09873-1 |page=55 |access-date=21 September 2016 |archive-date=9 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231109032323/https://books.google.com/books?id=HUo4AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA55#v=onepage&q&f=false |url-status=live }}</ref> When [[Mahatma Gandhi]] launched a [[Champaran Satyagraha|satyagraha]] against indigo cultivation in [[Motihari]] in 1917, a number of Bhumihar intellectuals joined the protest. These included [[Shri Krishna Singh (politician)|Shri Krishna Singh]] (or Sinha), Ram Dayalu Singh, Ramnandan Mishra, Shilbhadra Yaji, [[Karyanand Sharma]] and Sahajanand Saraswati.<ref name="ET2004_poster">{{cite news |url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2004-03-16/news/27368418_1_bhumihars-caste-political-space |title=These days, their poster boys are goons |date=16 March 2004 |access-date=2014-11-11 |work=The Economic Times |archive-date=17 December 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141217203016/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2004-03-16/news/27368418_1_bhumihars-caste-political-space |url-status=dead }}</ref>

While a section of Bhumihars were landowners, the vast majority belonged to [[tenantry]]. Starting in 1914, two factions emerged in the Bhumihar Mahasabha: the landowner-dominated faction led by [[Ganesh Dutt]], and the tenant-dominated faction led by Sahajanand Saraswati. Sahajanand came from a zamindar family, which had been reduced to tenant status. He attracted a large number of followers who, as tenants, were exploited by the rich landlords. His support for the [[Non-cooperation movement (1919–22)|non-cooperation movement]] also alarmed the landlords, who were loyal to the British colonial administration. The growing differences between the two factions resulted in a split in the Mahasabha, in 1925-26. Sahajanand established an ashram at [[Bihta]], which started attracting tenants and peasants from other castes as well. When the rich Bhumihar landlords stopped supporting Sahajanand's activities, he declared that caste associations were a means to continue their supremacy.<ref name="Arvind1982"/> He established a caste-agnostic peasants movement, which later evolved into [[All India Kisan Sabha]]. In Bihar, Kisan Sabha, as well as the [[Communist Party of India]] (which was heavily inspired by Kisan Sabha), were identified as Bhumihar-dominated organisations for years.<ref name="Jeffrey2013"/>

After Sahajanand gave up [[caste politics in India|caste politics]], [[Ganesh Dutt]] emerged as the leader of Bhumihar Mahasabha. He later entered the [[Bihar Legislative Council]], and distributed patronage to other members of his caste. This patronage was extended further, when Shri Krishna Singh became the Premier and [[Chief Minister of Bihar]].<ref name="Sajjad2014">{{cite book |first=Mohammad |last=Sajjad |title=Muslim Politics in Bihar: Changing Contours |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0iVHBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA22 |date=13 August 2014 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-317-55982-5 |page=22}}</ref> His tenure saw the rise of a number of influential Bhumihar leaders including Mahesh Prasad Sinha, Krishnakant Singh, L. P. Shahi, Basawan Sinha, and [[Kailashpati Mishra]].<ref name="Ashwni2009"/> Singh also worked for the welfare of the lower castes. He was the first chief minister in India to abolish the zamindari system.<ref name="ToI2004_eye"/> He also led [[Dalit]]s' entry into [[Baidyanath Temple]].<ref name="Kumar05" />

After Shri Krishna Singh's death in 1961, the Bhumihar political hegemony gradually declined. A small number of Bhumihar leaders continued to play a significant role in the state unit of the [[Indian National Congress]]. These included Ramashray Prasad Singh, Rajo Singh, Ramjatan Sinha, Shyam Sunder Singh Dhiraj and Maha Chandra Singh.<ref name="Ashwni2009">{{cite book |first=Ashwani |last=Kumar |title=Community Warriors |year=2006 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7CyND7ebqUAC&pg=PA128 |publisher=Anthem Press |isbn=978-0-85728-684-0 |page=128}}</ref> The Congress parliamentarians [[Ganga Sharan Singh (Sinha)]] and [[Shyam Nandan Prasad Mishra]] also belonged to the Bhumihar community.<ref name="Sinha2003">{{cite book |first=Bindeshwari Prasad |last=Sinha |title=Kayasthas in making of modern Bihar |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ryhuAAAAMAAJ |year=2003 |publisher=Impression Publication |page=vi |quote=J.P's most intimate friend was Ganga Sharan Singh, a Bhumihar }}</ref><ref name="ET2004_poster"/>

The Bhumihar influence in Bihar politics declined considerably after the electoral defeat of Congress in the [[1990 Bihar Legislative Assembly election]]. The backward [[Other Backward Class|OBC]] castes like [[Yadav]], led by [[Lalu Prasad Yadav]], replaced them in political circles. In the [[1999 Indian general election]], only three Bhumihars were elected: [[C. P. Thakur]] ([[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]), Kailashpati Mishra (BJP) and Rajo Singh (Congress). A few Bhumihar leaders also emerged in the political parties dominated by the [[Other Backward Class|OBC]]s. These included [[Akhilesh Prasad Singh]] ([[Rashtriya Janata Dal|RJD]]) and Arun Kumar (Samata Dal; now [[Rashtriya Lok Samata Party]]).<ref name="Ashwni2009"/>

As their power in electoral politics declined, a number of Bhumihars were attracted to [[Ranvir Sena]], a private militia established in 1994.<ref name="Ashwni2009"/> The group has carried out armed attacks against the [[Naxalite|Naxals]] in the region, and has been involved in committing atrocities against the lower castes, such as the [[Laxmanpur Bathe]] massacre.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/opinion/op-ed/no-gentlemen-in-this-army/article3494007.ece |title=No gentlemen in this army |first=Ashwani |last=Kumar |date=6 June 2012 |work=The Hindu |access-date=11 November 2014 |archive-date=5 July 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140705175348/http://www.thehindu.com/opinion/op-ed/no-gentlemen-in-this-army/article3494007.ece |url-status=live }}</ref> The Ranvir Sena which employed Bhumihar youths emerged as the most feared caste force in Bihar. It was named after the 19th century chieftain, Ranvir Chaudhary, who became a cult figure among Bhumihars after taking on powerful [[Rajput]] Zamindars.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1Qwd4I6Q5uMC&pg=PA56|title=Bihar in Flames|author1=S.K. Ghosh|author2=Srikanta Ghosh|publisher=APH Publishing|year=2000|isbn=8176481602|access-date=23 May 2022|page=56|archive-date=9 November 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231109032426/https://books.google.com/books?id=1Qwd4I6Q5uMC&pg=PA56#v=onepage&q&f=false|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Socio-economic condition==
In 2023, [[Government of Bihar]] published the data of [[2022 Bihar caste-based survey]]. The survey revealed several findings about the community. It showed that amongst the [[Forward Caste]]s of Bihar, poverty was highest in Bhumihar caste. Out of total families of Bhumihars residing in state, 27.58% were poor (the community totally numbered 8,38,447 families, out of which 2,31,211 families were poor). The criteria for determining poverty was a sum of {{INRConvert|6000||lk=off|year=2023}} per month as family income.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/bihars-caste-based-survey-report-shows-yadavs-hold-most-govt-jobs-among-obcs/article67509087.ece|title=Bihar caste-based survey report {{!}} Poverty highest among Scheduled Castes, lowest among Kayasths|website=The Hindu|date=7 November 2023 |accessdate=9 November 2023|archive-date=8 November 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231108181900/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/bihars-caste-based-survey-report-shows-yadavs-hold-most-govt-jobs-among-obcs/article67509087.ece|url-status=live |last1=Bhelari |first1=Amit }}</ref>

== Influence in other fields ==

Being one of the early literate groups of British India, the Bhumihar community produced several prominent literary figures. These include [[Ramdhari Singh Dinkar]], [[Rahul Sankrityayan]], [[Rambriksh Benipuri]] and [[Gopal Singh Nepali]].<ref name="ET2004_poster"/>

== Customs and traditions ==

The Bhumihars follow a subset of the Brahmin rituals, and claim to be "tri-karma" Brahmins.<ref name="Ravindra2012"/>

Some Bhumihars in [[Muzaffarpur]] trace their lineage to [[Husseini]] Brahmins, and participate in the [[Mourning of Muharram|Muharram processions]].<ref>{{cite news |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/Hindus_take_part_in_Muharram_in_Patna/articleshow/2716459.cms |title=Hindus participate in Muharram |work=[[The Times of India]] |date=21 January 2008 |access-date=2008-04-05 |first1=Faizan |last1=Ahmad |archive-date=13 February 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090213001826/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/Hindus_take_part_in_Muharram_in_Patna/articleshow/2716459.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> The Bhumihars outside Purvanchal-Bihar region may follow the respective local customs and traditions. For example, in Chandipur village of [[Murshidabad district]] ([[West Bengal]]), a section of Bhumihars became the landlords after death of the British [[indigo revolt|indigo]] plantation owners. They are now "thoroughly [[Bengali people|Bengali]]": they worship [[Kali]] as their primary deity, and are regarded as Brahmins by others in the village.<ref name="Ralph2003">{{cite book |first=Ralph W. |last=Nicholas |title=Fruits of Worship: Practical Religion in Bengal |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yLI7nyI2UVYC&pg=PA35 |date=1 January 2003 |publisher=Orient Blackswan |isbn=978-81-8028-006-1 |page=35}}</ref>

== Common surnames ==
In Bihar, the Bhumihars started using the surname [[Sharma]] and the title [[Pandit]] in the 20th century.<ref name="NLGupta1974">{{cite book |first=N. L. |last=Gupta |title=Transition from capitalism to socialism and other essays |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4JVWAAAAMAAJ |year=1974 |publisher=Kalamkar Prakashan |page=165 }}</ref> Other common traditional Brahmin surnames used by the Bhumihars include Mishra, Chaudhary, Dikshit, Tivan, Pathak, Pande and Upadhyaya. It is also common for Bhumihars to affix [[Singh]] (usually identified with Kshatriyas, especially Rajputs) to their name.<ref name="Virendra1992">{{cite book |first=Virendra Prakash |last=Singh |title=Community And Caste In Tradition |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tOXZAAAAMAAJ |year= 1992 |publisher=Commonwealth Publishers |isbn=978-81-7169-242-2}}</ref>{{page needed|date=May 2025}}

==See also==
*[[Kushwaha (surname)]]

== References ==
{{Reflist|30em}}

== Further reading ==
*{{cite book |first=Ranajit |last=Guha |author-link=Ranajit Guha |title=A Subaltern studies reader, 1986–1995 |publisher=South Asia Books |year=2000|edition=2nd |isbn=978-0-19-565230-7 }}
*{{cite book |first=R. K. |last=Maitra |title=Indian Studies: past & present |year=1959 |asin=B0000CRX5I }}
*{{cite book |first=R. S.|last=Sharma |author-link=Ram Sharan Sharma |title=Rethinking India's Past
|publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2009 |isbn=978-0-19-569787-2}}
*{{cite book |first=Bindeshwar |last=Ram |title=Land and society in India: agrarian relations in colonial North Bihar |publisher=Orient Blackswan |year=1998 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2b_j0mNe2FwC |isbn=978-81-250-0643-5}}
*{{cite book |first=Christopher Alan |last=Bayly |author-link=Christopher Alan Bayly |title=Recovering Liberties: Indian Thought in the Age of Liberalism and Empire (Ideas in Context) |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=2011 |isbn=978-1-10-760147-5}}
*{{cite book |first=Gautam |last=Bhadra |author-link=Gautam Bhadra |title=Subaltern Studies: Writings on South Asian History and Society |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2008 |isbn=978-0-19-565125-6}}
*{{cite book|first=Seema |last=Alavi |title=The Eighteenth Century in India |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2007 |isbn=978-0-19-569201-3 }}
*{{cite book |first=Sarvepalli |last=Radhakrishnan |author-link=Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan |title=The Hindu View of Life |publisher=Harper Collins |year=2009 |isbn=978-81-7223-845-2|page=81}}
* [[Radha Kumud Mukherjee]], Ancient Indian Education: Brahmanical and Buddhist, Motilal Banarsidass, New Delhi (2011).
* [[M. N. Srinivas]], Social Change in Modern India, Orient Longman, Delhi, 1995.

[[Category:Social groups of Bihar]]
[[Category:Indian castes]]
[[Category:Hindu communities]]
[[Category:Social groups of Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Agricultural castes]]