Bharatpedia - User contributions [en]

Khanu Khan Budhwali

2021-10-11T21:11:37Z

Wandererkanishk: Created page with "{{Short description|Indian Politician from Indian National Congress}} {{Infobox officeholder | name = Khanu Khan Budhwali | image = Dr_Khanu_Khan_Budh..."

{{Short description|Indian Politician from Indian National Congress}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Khanu Khan Budhwali
| image = Dr_Khanu_Khan_Budhwali.jpg
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1970|2|15|df=y}}
| death_date =
| birth_place = Village Budhwali [[Ratangarh, Churu]], [[Rajasthan]]
| death_place =
| office1 = Chairman, Waqf Board Rajasthan
| term_start1 = 10 September 2019
| term_end1 =
| predecessor1 =
| occupation =
| party = [[Indian National Congress]]
| spouse =
| parents =
| alma_mater =
| profession = [[Politician]]
| nationality = Indian
| sibling =
| website =
}}

'''Khanu Khan Budhwali''' is an Indian politician from [[Indian National Congress]] and Chairman Of Rajasthan Waqf Board. He was appointed as the Chairman Of Waqf Board in 10th September 2019.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://minority.rajasthan.gov.in/WAQF-Board/Board-Members.aspx|title= Official Website of Waqf Board}}</ref> He was given State Minister Status under [[Government of Rajasthan]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/rajasthan-waqf-board-gets-new-chief-119112501168_1.html|title=Rajasthan Waqf Board gets new chief|first=Press Trust of|last=India|date=25 November 2019|via=Business Standard}}</ref> He also served as the Vice President of [[Rajasthan Pradesh Congress Committee]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.patrika.com/jaipur-news/khanu-khan-budhwali-becomes-chairman-of-rajasthan-waqf-board-5417189/|title=डेढ़ साल बाद मिला वक्फ बोर्ड को नया अध्यक्ष, खानू खान बनें चेयरमैन|website=Patrika News}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.etvbharat.com/hindi/rajasthan/city/jaipur/khanu-khan-budhwali-completes-one-year-term-as-rajasthan-waqf-board-chairman/rj20201207172900873|title=राजस्थान वक्फ बोर्ड: चेयरमैन खानू खान बुधवाली ने एक साल का कार्यकाल पूरा होने पर गिनाई उपलब्धियां|website=ETV Bharat News}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
*{{Facebook| drkhanukhaninc| Khanu Khan Budhwali}}
*{{Instagram | drkhanukhaninc| Khanu Khan Budhwali}}
*{{Twitter | drkhanukhaninc| Khanu Khan Budhwali}}
*{{Telegram | drkhanukhaninc| Khanu Khan Budhwali}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Khan, Khanu Khan}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Rajasthani politicians]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians]]

{{Rajasthan-INC-politician-stub}}

Shakti Pratap Singh Rathore

2021-07-17T08:21:56Z

Wandererkanishk:

{{Use dmy dates|date=Jaly 2021}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2021}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Shakti Pratap Singh Rathore<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://rajpcc.com/shaktipratap|title=Indian National Congress Party- Shakti Pratap Singh Rathore|website=rajpcc.com}}</ref>
| image = Shakti Pratap Singh Rathore.jpg
| image_size = 200px
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1979|11|10|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Ajmer]], Rajasthan, India
| children = Devvrat Singh Rathore
| father = Ghisu Singh Rathore
| mother = Pan Kanwar
| residence = 21/13 Sector 2 Vaishali Nagar, [[Ajmer]], [[Rajasthan]].
| spouse = Preeti Chouhan
| alma_mater = [[ Government College of Ajmer| Government College, Ajmer]] ([[B.A]], [[MA]]) [[Maharshi Dayanand Saraswati University]] ([[Ph.D.]])
| office1 = Co-Coordinator Mahatma Gandhi Jeevan Darshan Samiti
| termstart1 = 2019
| predecessor1 =
| office2 = Secretary, Rajasthan Pradesh Youth Congress
| termstart2 = 2018
| termend2= 2019
| constituency2 =
| party = [[Indian National Congress]]
| nationality = Indian
| profession = [[Politician]], [[Entrepreneur]]
}}

'''Shakti Pratap Singh Rathore''' (born 10 November 1979) is an Indian Politician belonging to [[Indian National Congress]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ventsmagazine.com/2021/05/29/shakti-pratap-singh-rathore-the-intellect-with-a-plan/|title=Shakti Pratap Singh Rathore: The Intellect With A Plan|date=29 May 2021|website=Ventz Magzine}}</ref>, currently serving as the Co-Coordinator of Mahatma Gandhi Jeevan Darshan Samiti.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.newsx.com/entertainment/national-entertainment/shakti-pratap-singh-rathore.html|title=Shakti Pratap Singh Rathore's affection for governmental issues and the battles that got him where he is today.|date=7 January 2021|website=NewsX}}</ref>

==Early Life==
'''Shakti Pratap Singh Rathore''' was born in [[Ajmer]], [[Rajasthan]] and completed his schooling from [[St. Anselm's Senior Secondary School, Ajmer]] and graduation from [[Government College of Ajmer]] and higher studies from [[Maharshi Dayanand Saraswati University]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.mid-day.com/lifestyle/infotainment/article/shakti-pratap-singh-love-for-politics-and-the-struggles-that-got-him-where-he-is-today-23175183|title=Shakti Pratap Singh’s love for politics and the struggles that got him where he is today|date=26 May 2021|website=www.mid-day.com}}</ref>

==Political Journey==

In 2000 '''Shakti Pratap Singh Rathore''' got attached to [[National Students' Union of India]] during the college tenure and later Stood for the Student Union Presidential Elections(2002) in [[Maharshi Dayanand Saraswati University]] and became the principal NSUI leader of that university by becoming the First President elected on an [[National Students' Union of India]] ticket.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/brand-post/shakti-pratap-singh-rathore-the-voice-of-ajmer-s-youth-101626363363763.html|title=Shakti Pratap Singh Rathore: The Voice of Ajmer’s Youth|date=15 July 2021|website=Hindustan Times}}</ref> Soon after that he was appointed as the Secretary of [[National Students' Union of India]] and then Vice President of [[National Students' Union of India]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://in.news.yahoo.com/shakti-pratap-singh-rathore-politician-055410974.html|title=Shakti Pratap Singh Rathore: A Politician and an Emerging Samaritan|website=in.news.yahoo.com}}</ref>

In 2015 he stood for the Panchayat Samiti Member Election and became the Member of the board on an [[Indian National Congress]] Ticket. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://english.newstracklive.com/news/the-goals-of-a-true-political-leader-shakti-pratap-singh-sc2-nu293-ta293-1162572-1.html|title=The Goals Of A True Political Leader: Shakti Pratap Singh|date=28 May 2021|website=News Track}}</ref>

In 2018, His election management strategies bought victory to [[Raghu Sharma (politician) ]]] in the [[16th Lok Sabha| Ajmer By Elections]] and was rewarded with a big post and was appointed as the Secretary Of [[Rajasthan Youth Congress]]. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://foxinterviewer.com/uncategorized/the-portrait-of-an-honest-statesman-shakti-pratap-singh-rathore/|title=The Portrait of an Honest Statesman: Shakti Pratap Singh Rathore|website= Fox Interviewer|date=19 June 2021}}</ref>

In 2019, after congress made a stable government in Rajasthan<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://caseyweekly.com.au/2021/05/31/an-integral-part-of-the-indian-national-congress-party-shakti-pratap-singh-rathore/|title=An Integral Part Of The Indian National Congress Party: Shakti Pratap Singh Rathore|date=31 May 2021|website=caseyweekly.com}}</ref>, he was institutionally appointed as the Co-Coordinator of Mahatma Gandhi Jeevan Darshan Samiti (An Government Non Profit Organisation)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.apnnews.com/shakti-pratap-singh-rathore-stresses-on-the-importance-of-creating-a-better-tomorrow-through-his-leadership/|title=Shakti Pratap Singh Rathore Stresses On The Importance Of Creating A Better Tomorrow Through His Leadership|website=www.apnnews.com}}</ref>

==Positions Held==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Position !! Organisation<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.punjabkesari.in/rajasthan/news/shakti-pratap-singh-rathore-head-of-youth-of-rajasthan-1403287|title=शक्ति प्रताप सिंह राठौड़: राजस्थान के युवाओं के सिरमुख|date=17 June 2021|website=punjabkesari}}</ref>
|-
| President || [[Maharshi Dayanand Saraswati University]]
|-
| Secretary || [[National Students' Union of India]]
|-
| Vice President || [[National Students' Union of India]]
|-
| [[Indian National Congress|INC]] Member || Panchayat Samiti Sarwar
|-
| Secretary || [[Rajasthan Youth Congress]]
|-
| Co-Coordinator || Mahatma Gandhi Jeevan Darshan Samiti
|-
| Election Observer || Sahara By Election 2021

|}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
*[https://www.shaktipratapsingh.com/| Official Website]
*{{Facebook|ShaktiPratapofficial| Shakti Pratap Singh Rathore}}
* {{Instagram | ShaktiPratapOfficial| Shakti Pratap Singh Rathore }}
* {{Twitter| ShaktiPratapINC |Shakti Pratap Singh Rathore}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Rathore, Shakti Pratap Singh}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1979 births]]
[[Category:Rajasthani politicians]]
[[Category:People from Ajmer district]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Rajasthan]]

Draft:Civil Services Examination

2021-07-09T14:16:36Z

Wandererkanishk: Wandererkanishk moved page Draft:Civil Services Examination to Civil Services Examination

#REDIRECT [[Civil Services Examination]]

Civil Services Examination

2021-07-09T14:16:30Z

Wandererkanishk: Wandererkanishk moved page Draft:Civil Services Examination to Civil Services Examination

{{short description|Examination in India}}
{{Use Indian English|date = February 2019}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2020}}
{{Infobox examination
| name = Civil Services Examination
| image_name =
| image_alt =
| caption =
| acronym ={{plainlist|
* UPSC CSE
* UPSC CSPE (Preliminary)
* UPSC CSME (Mains)
}}
| type = Paper-based standardized test
| test_admin = [[Union Public Service Commission]]
| skills_tested = Writing, [[English language|English]], [[General knowledge]], others
| purpose = Selection of candidates to the various posts of [[Civil Services of India]]
| year_started = {{Start date and age|df=yes|paren=yes|1922}}<ref>https://www.upsc.gov.in/sites/default/files/History%20of%20the%20Commission%20final%20%281%29_0.pdf</ref>
| year_terminated = 
| duration = 2 hours/paper (Prelims) 3 hours/paper (Mains)
| score_range = 0 - 200 (Prelims) 0 - 1750 (Mains) 0 - 275 (Interview) Total: 2025 ( Mains + Interview)(Used for final merit list)
| score_validity = 2025
| offered = Once a year
| attempt_restriction = 6 (General), 9 (OBC & PwBD- General), no limits for SC & ST candidates
| regions = India
| language = Question paper is only given in [[Hindi]] or English. Answers can be given in any one of the [[scheduled languages of India]]
| test_takers = ≈ 550000 per year appear in Preliminary exam
| prerequisite = Must be a graduate, and an Indian citizen.
| fee = {{INR}} 100/- (for general male candidates). For other categories of candidates, the registration fee is exempted.
| score_users = [[Union Public Service Commission]] for the selection of the students to the various [[Civil Services of India]]
| qualification_rate = approximately 0.1%
| website = {{plainlist|
* {{URL|https://upsc.gov.in/}}
* {{URL|https://www.upsconline.nic.in/}}
}}
}}

The '''Civil Services Examination''' ('''CSE''') is a nationwide [[competitive examination]] in [[India]] conducted by the [[Union Public Service Commission]] for recruitment to higher [[Civil Services of India|Civil Services of the Government of India]], including the [[Indian Administrative Service]], [[Indian Foreign Service]], and [[Indian Police Service]]. Also simply referred to as the '''UPSC examination''',<ref name=note/> it is conducted in three phases - a preliminary examination consisting of two objective-type papers (General Studies Paper I and General Studies Paper II also popularly known as Civil Service Aptitude Test or CSAT), and a main examination consisting of nine papers of conventional (essay) type, in which two papers are qualifying and only marks of seven are counted followed by a personality test (interview)<ref name=note/>. A successful candidate sits for 32 hours of examination during the complete process.

==Process==
The Civil Services Examination is based on the British era [[Imperial Civil Service]] tests, as well as the civil service tests conducted by old Indian empires such as the [[Mauryan Empire]] and [[Mughal Empire]]. It is the most difficult competitive examination in India. A single attempt takes two complete years of preparation - one year before the prelims and one year from prelims to interview. On average, 900,000 to 1,000,000 candidates apply every year and the number of candidates sitting in the preliminary examination is approximately 550,000.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-others/over-4-5-lakh-students-appear-for-upsc-preliminary-exam/|title=Over 4.5 lakh students appear for UPSC preliminary exam|date=2014-08-24|website=The Indian Express|language=en-IN|access-date=2019-03-16}}</ref> Results for the Prelims are published in mid-August, while the final result is published in May of the next year.
* Stage I: Preliminary Examination - Held in June every year. Results are announced in August.
* Stage II: Mains

# Examination - Held in October every year. Results are announced in January.
# Personality Test (interview) - Held in March. Final results are usually announced in May.

The training program for the selected candidates usually commences the following September.

==Eligibility==
Eligibility for the examination is as follows:<ref name=note>{{cite web|title=Union Public Service Commission Central Civil Services Examination, 2011 Notice |url=http://www.upsc.gov.in/exams/notifications/2011/CS2011/cs2011_eng.pdf |website=upsc.gov.in |access-date=9 July 2011 |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/603P7XPv8?url=http://www.upsc.gov.in/exams/notifications/2011/CS2011/cs2011_eng.pdf |archive-date=9 July 2011 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

===Nationality===
* For the Indian Administrative Service and the Indian Police Service and Indian Foreign Service
the candidate must be a citizen of [[India]].
* For other services, the candidate must be one of the following:

# A citizen of India.
# A citizen of [[Nepal]] or a subject of [[Bhutan]]
# A [[Tibet]]an refugee who settled permanently in India before 1 January 1962.
# A person of Indian origin who has migrated from [[Pakistan]], [[Myanmar]], [[Sri Lanka]], [[Kenya]], [[Uganda]], [[Tanzania]], [[Zambia]], [[Malawi]], [[Zaire]], [[Ethiopia]] or [[Vietnam]] with the intention of permanently settling in India

===Educational qualification===
All candidates must have as a minimum one of the following educational qualifications:<ref name="note" />
* A degree from a Central, State or a Deemed university
* A degree received through correspondence or distance education
* A degree from an open university<ref name=faq/>
* A qualification recognized by the Government of India as being equivalent to one of the above

The following candidates are also eligible, but must submit proof of their eligibility from a competent authority at their institute/university at the time of the main examination, failing which they will not be allowed to attend the exam.<ref name=note/>
* Candidates who have appeared in an examination the passing of which would render them educationally qualified enough to satisfy one of the above points.<ref name=over>{{cite web|title=Civil Services Examination - Overview |url=http://www.upsc.gov.in/general/civil.htm |website=upsc.gov.in |access-date=9 July 2011 |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/603kACSub?url=http://www.upsc.gov.in/general/civil.htm |archive-date=9 July 2011 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* Candidates who have passed the final exam of the [[MBBS]] degree but have not yet completed an internship.
* Candidates who have passed the final exam of ICAI, ICSI and ICWAI.
* A degree from a private university.
* A degree from any foreign university recognized by the [[Association of Indian Universities]].

=== Age ===
The candidate must have attained the age of 21 years and must not have attained the age of 32 years (for the General category candidate) on 1 August of the year of examination. Prescribed age limits vary with respect to caste reservations.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://upsc.gov.in/sites/default/files/Final_Notice_CSPE_2019_N.pdf|title=Civil Services (Preliminary) Examination, 2019|website=UPSC|date=19 February 2019}}</ref>
* For [[Other Backward Castes]] (OBC) the upper age limit is 35 years.
* For [[Scheduled Castes]] (SC) and [[Scheduled Tribes]] (ST), the limit is 37 years.
* For Defence Services Personnel disabled in operations during hostilities, the limit is 40 years.
* For Candidates belonging to ex-servicemen including [[Commissioned Officers|Commissioned officers]] and ECOs/SSCOs who have rendered [[military service]]s for at least five years as on 1 August, of the year and have been released
*# on completion of assignment (including those whose assignment is due to be completed within one year from 1 August of the year otherwise than by way of dismissal or discharge on account of misconduct or inefficiency ''or''
*# on account of physical disability attributable to Military Service ''or''
*# on invalidation ''or''
** Relaxation of up to a maximum of five years will be given in the case of ECOs/SSCOs who have completed an initial period of assignment of five years of Military Service as on 1 August of the year and whose assignment has been extended beyond five years and in whose case the Ministry of Defence issues a certificate that they can apply for civil employment and that they will be released on three months' notice on selection from the date of receipt of offer of appointment, the limit is 32 years.
* For ECOs/SSCOs who have completed an initial period of assignment of five years of Military Service, the limit is 32 years.
* For [[Persons with disabilites|PwD]] candidates, the limit is 37 years.
* For [[Domicile (law)|Domiciles]] of [[Jammu and Kashmir (state)|Jammu and Kashmir]] from 1 January 1980 to 31 December 1989, the limit is 32 years.
* For the [[Economically Weaker Section]] (EWS) category, the standard age limits apply.

===Number of attempts===
The number of times a candidate can appear for the exam are given below.<ref name=faq>{{cite web|title=FAQs |url=http://www.upsc.gov.in/general/faq.htm |website=upsc.gov.in |access-date=9 July 2011 |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/603htCeuV?url=http://www.upsc.gov.in/general/faq.htm |archive-date=9 July 2011 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* General category candidates – 6<ref>http://www.upsc.gov.in/sites/default/files/Engl_CSP_2017.pdf</ref>
* OBC category candidates – 9
* SC/ST candidates – unlimited attempts till 37 years of age.

Appearing to attempt one of the papers in the preliminary examination is counted as an attempt, including disqualification/ cancellation of candidature. However, applying to sit the exam but failing to attend is not counted as an attempt.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/centre-to-lower-age-limit-for-civil-service-aspirants/article6609797.ece|title=Centre to lower age limit for civil service aspirants|last=Kumar|first=S. Vijay|date=2014-11-18|work=The Hindu|access-date=2019-04-19|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

== Vacancies and selection ==
Generally the number of vacancies varies every year. The number of candidates that pass the preliminary examination is generally 11 or 12 times the number of vacancies, and the number of candidates selected for the final interview is twice the number of vacancies. As per existing policies, reservation for SC/ST/OBC is applied to each level of the selection process.

{| class="wikitable"
|+
Vacancies & selection in different years{{Citation needed|date=March 2021}}
! rowspan="2" |Year
! rowspan="2" |No. of candidates applying for Prelims
! colspan="2" |No. of candidates that appeared for
! rowspan="2" |No. of candidates appearing for interviews
! rowspan="2" |No. of candidates selected
! rowspan="2" |Final vacancies
|-
!Prelims !!Mains
|-
|2010
|5,47,698
|2,69,036 ||11,865 || 2,589
|965
| 1,043
|-
|2011
|4,99,120
|2,43,236 ||11,237 ||2,415
|999
|1,001
|-
|2012
|5,50,080
|2,71,442 ||12,190 ||2,674
|998
|1,091
|-
|2013
|7,76,604
|3,23,949 ||14,178 ||3,003
|1,122
|1,228
|-
|2014
|9,47,428
|4,51,602 ||16,286 ||3,308
|1,236
|1,364
|-
|2015
|9,45,908
|4,65,882 ||15,008 ||2,797
|1,078
|1,164
|-
|2016
|11,36,000
|5,00,000
|15,452 ||2,961
|1,099
|1,209
|-
|2017
|10,00,000 (approx.)
|4,56,625 ||13,366 ||2,568
|1058||980
|-
|2018
|11,00,000 (approx.)
|4,93,972
|10,468
|1,994
|758
|759
|}

=== Cut-off ===
The cut-off marks of the examination of the previous years' are given below:
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="text-align: center;"
|+Cut-off marks in different years
! rowspan="2" |Year
! colspan="3" |Prelims
! colspan="2" |Main
(out of 1750)
! colspan="2" |Total
(out of 2025)
! rowspan="2" |Ref.
|-
!Category
!Marks
!Total Marks
!Category
!Marks
!Category
!Marks
|-
| rowspan="7" |2013
!General
|241
| rowspan="7" |400
!General
|564
!General
|775
| rowspan="7" |
|-
!OBC
|222
!OBC
|534
!OBC
|742
|-
!SC
|207
!SC
|518
!SC
|719
|-
!ST
|201
!ST
|510
!ST
|707
|-
!PH-1
|199
!H-1
|510
!PH-1
|725
|-
!PH-2
|184
!PH-2
|502
!PH-2
|718
|-
!PH-3
|163
!PH-3
|410
!PH-3
|613
|-
| rowspan="7" |2014
!General
| scope="row" |205
| rowspan="7" |385
!General
|678
!General
|889
| rowspan="7" |
|-
!OBC
|204
!OBC
|631
!OBC
|844
|-
!SC
|182
!SC
|631
!SC
|830
|-
!ST
|174
!ST
|619
!ST
|811
|-
!PH-1
|167
!PH-1
|609
!PH-1
|816
|-
!PH-2
|113
!PH-2
|575
!PH-2
|778
|-
!PH-3
|115
!PH-3
|449
!PH-3
|713
|-
| rowspan="7" |2015
!General
|107.34
| rowspan="7" |200
!General
|676
!General
|877
| rowspan="7" |
|-
!OBC
|106
!OBC
|630
!OBC
|834
|-
!SC
|94
!SC
|622
!SC
|810
|-
!ST
|91.34
!ST
|617
!ST
|801
|-
!PH-1
|90.66
!PH-1
|580
!PH-1
|802
|-
!PH-2
|76.66
!PH-2
|627
!PH-2
|830
|-
!PH-3
|40.00
!PH-3
|504
!PH-3
|697
|-
| rowspan="7" |2016
!General
|116
| rowspan="7" |200
!General
|787
!General
|988
| rowspan="7" |
|-
!OBC
|110.66
!OBC
|745
!OBC
|951
|-
!SC
|99.34
!SC
|739
!SC
|937
|-
!ST
|96
!ST
|730
!ST
|920
|-
!PH-1
|75.34
!PH-1
|713
!PH-1
|927
|-
!PH-2
|72.66
!PH-2
|740
!PH-2
|951
|-
!PH-3
|40
!PH-3
|545
!PH-3
|817
|-
| rowspan="7" |2017
!General
|105.34
| rowspan="7" |200
!General
|809
!General
|1006
| rowspan="7" |
|-
!OBC
|102.66
!OBC
|770
!OBC
|968
|-
!SC
|88.66
!SC
|756
!SC
|944
|-
!ST
|88.66
!ST
|749
!ST
|939
|-
!PH-1
|88.88
!PH-1
|734
!PH-1
|923
|-
!PH-2
|61.34
!PH-2
|745
!PH-2
|948
|-
!PH-3
|40
!PH-3
|578
!PH-3
|830
|-
| rowspan="7" |2018
!General
|98
| rowspan="7" |200
!General
|774
!General
|982
| rowspan="7" |<ref>[https://www.upsc.gov.in/sites/default/files/CutOff-CSE-2018-Engl-R.pdf Civil Services Examination, 2018]</ref>
|-
!OBC
|96.66
!OBC
|732
!OBC
|938
|-
!SC
|84
!SC
|719
!SC
|912
|-
!ST
|83.34
!ST
|719
!ST
|912
|-
!PH-1
|73.34
!PH-1
|711
!PH-1
|899
|-
!PH-2
|53.34
!PH-2
|696
!PH-2
|908
|-
!PH-3
|40
!PH-3
|520
!PH-3
|754
|}

==List of Services==

Following are the services which one gets on qualifying the Civil Service Examination.

'''All India Services'''
* [[Indian Administrative Service]] ('''IAS''')
* [[Indian Police Service]] ('''IPS''')


'''Central Services (Group A)'''
* [[Indian Foreign Service]] ('''IFS''') 
* [[Indian Audit and Accounts Service]] ('''IA&AS''')
* [[Indian Civil Accounts Service]] ('''ICAS''')
* [[Indian Corporate Law Service]] ('''ICLS''')
* [[Indian Defence Accounts Service]] ('''IDAS''')
* [[Indian Defence Estates Service]] ('''IDES''')
* [[Indian Information Service]] ('''IIS''')
* [[Indian Telecommunication Service]] ('''ITS''')
* [[Indian Ordnance Factories Service]] ('''IOFS''')
* [[Indian Postal Service]] ('''IPoS''')
* [[Indian P&T Accounts and Finance Service]] ('''IP&TAFS''')
* [[Indian Railway Accounts Service]] ('''IRAS''')
* [[Indian Railway Personnel Service]] ('''IRPS''')
* [[Railway Protection Force|Indian Railway Protection Force Service]] ('''IRPFS''')
* [[Indian Railway Traffic Service]] ('''IRTS''')
* [[Indian Revenue Service]] ('''IRS-IT''')
* [[Indian Revenue Service]] ('''IRS-C&CE''')
* [[Indian Trade Service]] ('''ITrS''')

'''Group B Services'''
* [[Armed Forces Headquarters Civil Services]] ('''AFHCS''')
* [[Delhi, Andaman and Nicobar Islands Civil Service]] ('''DANICS''')
* [[Delhi, Andaman and Nicobar Islands Police Service]] ('''DANIPS''')
* Pondicherry Civil Service ('''PCS''')
* Pondicherry Police Service ('''PPS''')

==Preliminary==
The pattern of the Preliminary examination up to 2010 was based on the recommendations of the Kothari Commission (1979). It included two examinations, one on general studies worth 150 marks, and the second on one of 23 optional subjects worth 300 marks. Until 2011, when it was revamped,<ref name=pio>{{cite news|title=Change of pattern in UPSC |url=http://www.dailypioneer.com/345874/Change-of-pattern-in-UPSC.html |access-date=10 July 2011 |newspaper=[[The Pioneer (Indian newspaper)|The Pioneer]] |date=22 June 2011 |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/604vtHWHW?url=http://www.dailypioneer.com/345874/Change-of-pattern-in-UPSC.html |archive-date=10 July 2011 |url-status=dead }}</ref> the preliminary pattern was sustained with only minor changes once every ten to fifteen years.<ref name=pio/>

From 2011 onwards, the preliminary examination intends to focus on analytical abilities and understanding rather than the ability to memorize. The new pattern includes two papers of two hours duration and 200 marks each.<ref name=ht>{{cite news|title=Changes in the civil service examination |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/Changes-in-the-civil-service-examination/Article1-711918.aspx |access-date=10 July 2011 |newspaper=[[Hindustan Times]] |date=21 June 2011 |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/604rj8vNB?url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/Changes-in-the-civil-service-examination/Article1-711918.aspx |archive-date=10 July 2011 |location=[[New Delhi]] |url-status=dead }}</ref> Both papers have multiple choice objective type questions only.<ref name=ht/> They are as follows:
* Paper I tests the candidate's knowledge on current events, history of India and Indian national movement, Indian and world geography, Indian polity panchayti Raj system and governance, economic and social development, environmental ecology, biodiversity, climate change and general science, Art and culture.<ref name=ht/>
* Paper II (also called CSAT or Civil Services Aptitude Test), tests the candidate's skills in comprehension, interpersonal skills, communication, logical reasoning, analytical ability, decision making, problem solving, basic numeracy, data interpretation, English language comprehension skills and mental ability.<ref name=ht/> It is qualifying in nature and the marks obtained in this paper are not counted for merit. However, it is mandatory for the candidate to score a minimum of 33 per cent in this paper to qualify the Prelims exam.<ref name="josh"/>

In August 2014, the Centre announced that English marks in CSAT will not be included for gradation or merit and 2011 candidates may get a second chance to appear for the test next year.<ref>{{cite news|title=CSAT Row : Marks of English paper will not be included for merit|url=http://www.patrika.com/news/csat-row-marks-of-english-paper-will-not-be-included-for-merit/1021728|access-date=4 August 2014|work=Patrika Group|issue=4 August 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140808022108/http://www.patrika.com/news/csat-row-marks-of-english-paper-will-not-be-included-for-merit/1021728|archive-date=8 August 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref>

In May 2015, the Government of India announced that Paper II of the preliminary examination will be qualifying in nature i.e. it will not be graded for eligibility in Mains Examination and a candidate will need to score at least 33% to be eligible for grading on the basis of marks of Paper I of the Preliminary Examination.<ref name=note/> Those who qualify in the Prelims become eligible for the Mains.

==Mains==
The Civil Services Mains Examination consists of a written examination and an interview.<ref name=note/>

===Examination===
The Civil Services Main written examination consists of nine papers, two qualifying and seven ranking in nature. The range of questions may vary from just one mark to sixty marks, twenty words to 600 words answers. Each paper is of a duration of 3 hours. Candidates who pass qualifying papers are ranked according to marks and a selected number of candidates are called for interview or a personality test at the Commission's discretion.

According to the new marks allocations in Civil Service Examination 2013 there are some changes made in the examination according to the suggestion of the Prof. [[Arun Nigavekar|Arun. S. Nigavekar]] Committee.<ref>{{cite news|publisher=LiveMint|title=PM approves changes in civil services exam pattern|url=http://www.livemint.com/Politics/XiGXMdPHO44qm8728pHIBO/PM-approves-changes-in-civil-services-exam-pattern.html|access-date=25 March 2013 |date=27 February 2013 }}</ref> However, after some controversy, the qualifying papers for Indian languages and English were restored.<ref>{{cite news|title=Govt rolls back changes to UPSC mains exam|newspaper=The Hindu|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/govt-rolls-back-changes-to-upsc-mains-exam/article4533535.ece?ref=relatedNews|date=2 September 2016|access-date=31 October 2017}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
|+Civil Services New Mains Format<ref name="josh">{{cite web|url=https://www.jagranjosh.com/articles/upsc-civil-services-ias-exam-pattern-1594890041-1|title=Civil Services Examination (updated pattern) 2021|website=Jagranjosh|accessdate=27 April 2021}}</ref>
|-
! Paper !! Subject!! Marks
|-
|Paper A||(One of the Indian languages listed below, to be selected by the candidate (from the languages listed in the [[Eighth Schedule to the Constitution of India]]) (Qualifying) ||300
|-
|Paper B||English (Qualifying) ||300
|-
|Paper I||Essay ||250
|-
|Paper II||General Studies I (Indian heritage and culture, history and geography of the world and society) ||250
|-
|Paper III||General Studies II (Governance, constitution, polity, social justice and international relations) ||250
|-
|Paper IV||General Studies III (Technology, economic development, bio-diversity, environment, security and disaster management) ||250
|-
|Paper V||General Studies IV (ethics, integrity and aptitude) ||250
|-
|Papers VI, VII||Two papers on one subject to be selected by the candidate from the list of optional subjects below (250 marks for each paper) ||500
|-
|colspan="2"| '''Sub Total (Written Test)''' || '''1750'''
|-
|colspan="2"| Personality Test (Interview) ||275
|-
|colspan="2"| '''Total Marks''' || '''2025'''
|}

==== List of languages ====
The examination is more than the following languages, with the name of the script in brackets:<ref name=2015notice>{{cite web |url= http://www.upsc.gov.in/exams/notifications/2015/CSP_2015/CSP_2015_eng.pdf |title= Civil Services Examination, 2015 |publisher=Union Public Services Commission |date= 23 May 2015 |access-date=23 June 2016 |page=5}}</ref>
{{div col|colwidth=22em}}
* [[Assamese language|Assamese]] ([[Assamese alphabet|Assamese]])
* [[Bengali language|Bengali]] ([[Bengali alphabet|Bengali]])
* [[Bodo language|Bodo]] ([[Devanagari]])
* [[Dogri language|Dogri]] (Devanagari)
* [[English language|English]] ([[English alphabet|English]])
* [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]] ([[Gujarati alphabet|Gujarati]])
* [[Hindi]] (Devanagari)
* [[Kannada]] ([[Kannada alphabet|Kannada]])
* [[Kashmiri language|Kashmiri]] ([[Persian alphabet|Persian]])
* [[Konkani language|Konkani]] (Devanagari)
* [[Maithili language|Maithili]] (Devanagari)
* [[Malayalam]] ([[Malayalam script|Malayalam]])
* [[Meithei language|Manipuri]] (Bengali)
* [[Marathi language|Marathi]] (Devanagari)
* [[Nepali language|Nepali]] (Devanagari)
* [[Odia language|Odia]] ([[Odia alphabet|Odia]])
* [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]] ([[Gurmukhī alphabet|Gurumukhi]])
* [[Sanskrit]] (Devanagari)
* [[Santali language|Santhali]] (Devanagri or [[Ol Chiki alphabet|Ol Chiki]])
* [[Sindhi language|Sindhi]] (Devanagari or [[Arabic alphabet|Arabic]])
* [[Tamil language|Tamil]] ([[Tamil script|Tamil]])
* [[Telugu language|Telugu]] ([[Telugu script|Telugu]])
* [[Urdu]] (Persian)
{{div col end}}

==== Optional subjects ====
The subjects available for Papers VI and VII are:{{Citation needed|date=March 2021}}
{{div col|colwidth=22em}}
* [[Agriculture]]
* [[Animal Husbandry]] and [[Veterinary Science]]
* [[Anthropology]]
* [[Botany]]
* [[Chemistry]]
* [[Civil Engineering]]
* [[Commerce]] and [[Accountancy]]
* [[Economics]]
* [[Electrical Engineering]]
* [[Geography]]
* [[Geology]]
* [[History]]
* [[Law]]
* [[Literature]] of any one of the languages listed above
* [[Management]]
* [[Mathematics]]
* [[Mechanical Engineering]]
* [[Medical Science]]
* [[Philosophy]]
* [[Physics]]
* [[Political Science]] and [[International Relations]]
* [[Psychology]]
* [[Public Administration]]
* [[Sociology]]
* [[Urdu]]
* [[Statistics]]
* [[Zoology]]
{{div col end}}

=== Interview ===
Officially called the "Personality Test", the objective of the interview is to assess the personal suitability of the candidate for a career in public service by a board of competent and unbiased observers. The test is intended to evaluate the mental calibre of a candidate. In broad terms, this is really an assessment of not only a candidate's intellectual qualities, but also social traits and interest in current affairs. Some of the qualities to be judged are mental alertness, critical powers of assimilation, clear and logical exposition, balance of judgement, variety and depth of interest, ability for social cohesion and leadership, and intellectual and moral integrity.

The technique of the interview is not that of a strict cross-examination, but of a natural, though directed and purposeful conversation that is intended to reveal the mental qualities of the candidate.

The interview is not intended to test either of the specialized or general knowledge of the candidate, which has been already tested through written papers. Candidates are expected to have taken an intelligent interest not only in their special subjects of academic study, but also in the events which are happening around them both within and outside their own state or country as well as in modern currents of thought and in new discoveries which should rouse the curiosity of all well-educated youth. The interview standards are very high and require thorough preparation as well as commitment.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://www.upsc.gov.in Union Public Service Commission official website]
* [https://www.upsc.gov.in/examinations/Civil%20Services%20%28Preliminary%29%20Examination%2C%202020 Civil Services (Preliminary) Examination 2020 official website]
* [https://www.upsc.gov.in/examinations/previous-question-papers archive of previous exams]

{{Standardized tests in India}}

[[Category:Standardised tests in India]]
[[Category:Union Public Service Commission]]
[[Category:Civil service tests in India]]
[[Category:1922 establishments in British India]]

Draft:Kekri

2021-07-09T14:16:23Z

Wandererkanishk: Wandererkanishk moved page Draft:Kekri to Kekri

#REDIRECT [[Kekri]]

Kekri

2021-07-09T14:16:17Z

Wandererkanishk: Wandererkanishk moved page Draft:Kekri to Kekri

{{short description|Legislative Assembly constituency in Rajasthan State, India}}
{{Other|Kekri (disambiguation){{!}}Kekri}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2021}}
{{Infobox Vidhan Sabha constituency
|name = Kekri
|type =
|parl_name = [[Rajasthan Legislative Assembly]]
|district = [[Ajmer district|Ajmer]]
|state = [[Rajasthan]]
|population =
|electorate = {{formatnum:249016}}<ref name=electors2021>{{cite web |url=https://ceorajasthan.nic.in/Elector%20Statics/District%20wise%20Electors%20With%20AC.pdf |title=District and Assembly Constituency wise no. of Electors as on 18.01.2021 |website=ceorajasthan.nic.in |date=18 January 2021 |accessdate= 12 February 2021}}</ref>{{update after|2023}}
|towns =
|area =
|lok_sabha_constituency = [[Ajmer (Lok Sabha constituency)|Ajmer]]
|year =
|seats = 1
|elects_howmany = 1
|party = [[Indian National Congress]]
|mla = [[Raghu Sharma]]
|reserved = None
|last_election = 2018
|ex_mla = [[Shatrughan Gautam]]
|map4 =
|map_size =
|map_entity =
|image4 =
}}

'''Kekri Legislative Assembly constituency''' is one of the 200 [[Rajasthan Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]] constituencies of [[Rajasthan]] state in [[India]].<ref name=delimitation2008>{{cite web |url=https://eci.gov.in/files/file/3931-delimitation-of-parliamentary-assembly-constituencies-order-2008/ |title=Delimitation of Parliamentary & Assembly Constituencies Order - 2008 |website=Election Commission of India |date=26 November 2008 |accessdate= 12 February 2021}}</ref><ref name=ceomap>{{cite web |url=https://ceorajasthan.nic.in/map/RAJASTHAN_ACS_MAP/RAJASTHAN_ACS_MAP.pdf |title=New Assembly Constituencies |website=ceorajasthan.nic.in |date=25 January 2006| access-date=12 February 2021}}</ref>

It is part of [[Ajmer district|Ajmer]] district.

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Year
!Member
!Picture
!colspan="2"|Party
|-
|[[1990 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|1990]]
|rowspan=2| [[Shambhu Dayal Badgujar]] ||rowspan=2|
|style="background-color: {{Janata Dal/meta/color}}" |
|[[Janata Dal]]
|-
|[[1993 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|1993]]
|style="background-color: {{Bharatiya Janata Party/meta/color}}" |
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.elections.in/rajasthan/assembly-constituencies/kekri.html|title=Kekri Elections Results 2018, Current MLA, Candidate List of Assembly Elections in Kekri, Rajasthan|website=www.elections.in|access-date=2019-07-10}}</ref>
|-
|[[1998 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|1998]]
|[[Babu Lal Singariyan]] ||
|style="background-color: {{Indian National Congress/meta/color}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|[[2003 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|2003]]
|[[Gopal Lal Dhobi]] ||
|style="background-color: {{Bharatiya Janata Party/meta/color}}" |
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
|[[2008 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|2008]]
|[[Raghu Sharma (politician)|Raghu Sharma]] ||
|style="background-color: {{Indian National Congress/meta/color}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|[[2013 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|2013]]
|[[Shatrughan Gautam]] ||
|style="background-color: {{Bharatiya Janata Party/meta/color}}" |
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
|[[2018 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|2018]]
| [[Raghu Sharma (politician)|Raghu Sharma]]<ref name=election2018/> ||
|style="background-color: {{Indian National Congress/meta/color}}" |
| [[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|}

== Election results ==
=== 2018 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2018 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|Rajasthan Legislative Assembly Election, 2018]]: Kekri<ref name=election2018>{{cite web |url=https://eci.gov.in/files/file/9645-statistical-data-of-rajasthan-la-2018/ |title=Statistical Data of Rajasthan LA 2018 |website=Election Commission of India |date= |accessdate= 12 February 2021}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|candidate = [[Raghu Sharma (politician)|Raghu Sharma]]
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes =
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = [[None of the Above]]
|party = None of the above
|votes =
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes =
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes =
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
* [[List of constituencies of the Rajasthan Legislative Assembly]]
* [[Ajmer district]]
* [[Kekri, Rajasthan]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Rajasthan}}

{{coord|25.98|75.15|display=title}}

[[Category:Ajmer district]]
[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Rajasthan]]

{{Rajasthan-geo-stub}}

Draft:Ministry of Corporate Affairs (India)

2021-07-09T14:10:05Z

Wandererkanishk: Wandererkanishk moved page Draft:Ministry of Corporate Affairs (India) to Ministry of Corporate Affairs (India)

#REDIRECT [[Ministry of Corporate Affairs (India)]]

Ministry of Corporate Affairs (India)

2021-07-09T14:09:56Z

Wandererkanishk: Wandererkanishk moved page Draft:Ministry of Corporate Affairs (India) to Ministry of Corporate Affairs (India)

{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
{{Infobox government agency
| agency_name = Ministry of Corporate Affairs
| seal = Emblem_of_India.svg
| seal_width = 70px
| seal_caption = [[Emblem of India]]
| formed =
| preceding2 =
| dissolved =
| superseding =
| jurisdiction = {{flagicon|India}}[[Republic of India]]
| headquarters = Shastri Bhawan, [[New Delhi]]
| coordinates = {{coord|28|36|50|N|77|12|32|E|type:landmark|display=inline}}
| employees =
| budget =
| chief1_name = [[Nirmala Sitharaman]]
| chief1_position = Minister of Corporate Affairs
| chief2_name = [[Anurag Thakur]]
| chief2_position = Minister of State for Corporate Affairs
| child1_agency = [[Registrar_of_Companies,_India | Registrar of Companies ]]
| child2_agency = [[Serious Fraud Investigation Office]] (SFIO)
| child3_agency = [[Indian Institute of Corporate Affairs]] (IICA)
| child4_agency = [[Competition Commission of India]] (CCI)
| child5_agency = [[National Company Law Tribunal]] (NCLT)
| child6_agency = [[National Company Law Appellate Tribunal]] (NCLAT)
| child7_agency =
| website = {{URL|http://www.mca.gov.in/}}
| logo =
| chief3_name =
| chief3_position =
| chief4_name =
| chief4_position =
| chief5_name =
| chief5_position =
| chief6_name =
| chief6_position =
| chief7_name =
| chief7_position =
| chief8_name =
| chief8_position =
| chief9_name =
| chief9_position =
| parent_department =
}}
The '''Ministry of Corporate Affairs''' is an [[Government of India|Indian government]] [[Ministry (government department)|ministry]]. It is primarily concerned with administration of the Companies Act 2013, the Companies Act 1947, the Limited Liability Partnership Act, 2008, Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 2016 & other allied Acts and rules & regulations framed there-under mainly for regulating the functioning of the corporate sector in accordance with law.<ref>http://www.mca.gov.in/MinistryV2/about_mca.html</ref> It is responsible mainly for [[regulation]] of Indian enterprises in Industrial and Services sector. Ministry is mostly served by the [[civil servants]] of the [[Indian Corporate Law Service|ICLS]] 0cadre. These officers are being selected through [[Civil Services Examination]] conducted by [[Union Public Service Commission]]. Brilliant talent pool of the country serves MCA in different capacities. The highest post, Director General of Corporate Affairs (DGCoA) is being fixed at Apex Scale for the ICLS. The current Minister of State for Corporate Affairs is [[Nirmala Sitaraman]].

==Administration==
The ministry administers the following acts:
* [[The Companies Act, 2013]]
* [[The Companies Act, 1956]]
* [[Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 2016|Insolvency And Bankruptcy Code, 2016]]
* [[The Competition Act, 2002]]
* The Monopolies and Restrictive Trade Practices Act, 1969
* [[The Chartered Accountants Act, 1949]] [As amended by the Chartered Accountants (Amendment) Act, 2006]
* The Company Secretaries Act, 1980 [As amended by The Company Secretaries (Amendment) Act, 2006][https://www.mca.gov.in/Ministry/actsbills/pdf/The_Companies_Secretaries_Amendment_Act_2006.pdf]
* Cost and Works Accountants Act, 1959 [As Amended By The Cost And Works Accountants (Amendment) Act, 2006]
* Companies (Donation to National) Fund Act, 1951
* [[The Indian Partnership Act, 1932]]
* Societies Registration Act, 1860
* The Companies Amendment Act, 2006
* [[The Limited liability Partnership Act, 2008]]

In August 2013, [[The Companies Act, 2013]] was passed to regulate corporations by increasing responsibilities of corporate executives and is intended to avoid the [[accounting scandals]] such as the [[Satyam scandal]] which have plagued India.<ref name=NYT81513>{{cite news|title=India Seeks to Overhaul a Corporate World Rife With Fraud|url=https://dealbook.nytimes.com/2013/08/15/india-seeks-to-overhaul-a-corporate-world-rife-with-fraud/|access-date=August 16, 2013|newspaper=The New York Times|date=August 15, 2013|author=Jen Swanson|format="Dealbook" blog}}</ref> It replaces [[The Companies Act, 1956]] which has proven outmoded in terms of handling 21st century problems.<ref name=ANI8813>{{cite news|title=Parliament passes Companies Bill 2012(Update)|url=http://in.news.yahoo.com/parliament-passes-companies-bill-2012-155346651.html|access-date=16 Aug 2013|newspaper=Yahoo! News India|date=8 Aug 2013|agency=ANI}}</ref>

The Ministry has constituted a Committee for framing of National Competition Policy (India) and related matters (formulate amendments in the Act) under the Chairmanship of [[Dhanendra Kumar]], former Chairman of [[Competition Commission of India]].<ref>{{cite news|url= http://www.mca.gov.in/Ministry/Draft_Policy.html |title= MCA draft - Ministry Of Corporate Affairs}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url= http://www.pib.nic.in/newsite/erelease.aspx?relid=76123|title= Second Round of Consultations on the Revised Version of National Competition Policy Begins Tomorrow}}</ref>

== Autonomous Bodies ==

* [[Institute of Company Secretaries of India|Institute of Company Secretaries of India(ICSI)]]
* [[Institute of Chartered Accountants of India|Institute of Chartered Accountant of India(ICAI)]]
*[[Indian Institute of Corporate Affairs|Indian Institute of Corporate Affairs(IICA)]]
*[[Institute of Cost Accountants of India|Institute of Cost and Management Accountants of India(ICMAI)]]
*[[Institution of Valuers|Institution of Valuers(IOV)]]

== Statutory Bodies ==

* [https://www.ibbi.gov.in/about Insolvency and Bankruptcy Board of India(IBBI)]
* [[National Company Law Tribunal|National Company Law Tribunal(NCLT)]]
* [[National Company Law Appellate Tribunal|National Company Law Appellate Tribunal(NCLAT)]]
* Investor Education and Protection Fund Authority(IEPFA)
* [[National Financial Reporting Authority|National Financial Reporting Authority(NFRA)]]
* [[Competition Commission of India|Competition Commission of India(CCI)]]

== Attached Offices ==

* [[Serious Fraud Investigation Office|Serious Fraud Investigation Office(SFIO)]]

== List of Ministers For Corporate Affairs ==
{| class="wikitable" style="width:69.75%;"
!n
!Name
! width="75" |Portrait
! colspan="2" |Term of office
! colspan="2" |Political party
(Alliance)
! colspan="2" |Prime Minister
|- align="center"
|1
|[[Liaquat Ali Khan]]
([[Interim Government of India|Interim government]])
|[[File:Liaquat_Ali_Khan.jpg|105x105px]]
|29 October 1946
|14 August 1947
|[[All-India Muslim League]]
| rowspan="1" width="4px" bgcolor="{{All-India Muslim League/meta/color}}" |
|[[Jawaharlal Nehru]](Vice President of the [[Interim Government of India|interim govt]])
|- align="center"
|2
|[[R. K. Shanmukham Chetty]]
|[[File:R._Shanmukham_Chetty.jpg|92x92px]]
|15 August 1947
|1949
| rowspan="11" |[[Indian National Congress]]
| rowspan="11" width="4px" bgcolor="{{Indian National Congress/meta/color}}" |
| rowspan="6" |[[Jawaharlal Nehru]]
|- align="center"
|3
|[[John Mathai]]
|[[File:John_Mathai.jpg|103x103px]]
|1949
|1950
|- align="center"
|4
|[[C. D. Deshmukh]]
|
|29 May 1950
|1957
|- align="center"
|5
|[[T. T. Krishnamachari]]
|
|1957
|13 February 1958
|- align="center"
|6
|[[Jawaharlal Nehru]]
|[[File:Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-61849-0001,_Indien,_Otto_Grotewohl_bei_Ministerpräsident_Nehru_cropped.jpg|120x120px]]
|13 February 1958
|13 March 1958
|- align="center"
|7
|[[Morarji Desai]]
|[[File:Morarji_Desai_(portrait).png|101x101px]]
|13 March 1958
|29 August 1963
|- align="center"
|8
|[[T. T. Krishnamachari]]
|
|29 August 1963
|1965
|Jawaharlal Nehru
[[Lal Bahadur Shastri]]
|- align="center"
|9
|[[Sachindra Chaudhuri]]
|
|1965
|13 March 1967
|Lal Bahadur Shastri
[[Indira Gandhi]]
|- align="center"
|10
|[[Indira Gandhi]]
|[[File:Indira_Gandhi_1977.jpg|106x106px]]
|1967
|1971
| rowspan="3" |[[Indira Gandhi]]
|- align="center"
|11
|[[Yashwantrao Chavan]]
|
|1971
|1975
|- align="center"
|12
|[[Chidambaram Subramaniam]]
|
|1975
|1977
|- align="center"
|13
|[[Haribhai M. Patel]]
|
|24 March 1977
|24 January 1979
| rowspan="2" |[[Janata Party]]
| rowspan="2" width="4px" bgcolor="{{Janata Party/meta/color}}" |
| rowspan="2" |[[Morarji Desai]]
|- align="center"
|14
|[[Charan Singh]]
|
|24 January 1979
|28 July 1979
|- align="center"
|15
|[[Hemvati Nandan Bahuguna]]
|
|28 July 1979
|14 January 1980
|[[Janata Party (Secular)]]
| rowspan="1" width="4px" bgcolor="{{Janata Party (Secular)/meta/color}}" |
|[[Charan Singh]]
|- align="center"
|16
|[[R. Venkataraman]]
|[[File:R_Venkataraman_(cropped).jpg|97x97px]]
|14 January 1980
|15 January 1982
| rowspan="6" |Indian National Congress
| rowspan="6" width="4px" bgcolor="{{Indian National Congress/meta/color}}" |
| rowspan="2" |[[Indira Gandhi]]
|- align="center"
|17
|[[Pranab Mukherjee]]
|[[File:Pranab_Mukherjee-World_Economic_Forum_Annual_Meeting_Davos_2009_crop(2).jpg|112x112px]]
|15 January 1982
|31 December 1984
|- align="center"
|18
|[[V. P. Singh]]
|[[File:V._P._Singh_(cropped).jpg|100x100px]]
|31 December 1984
|24 January 1987
| rowspan="4" |[[Rajiv Gandhi]]
|- align="center"
|19
|[[Rajiv Gandhi]]
|[[File:Rajiv_Gandhi_(1987).jpg|100x100px]]
|24 January 1987
|25 July 1987
|- align="center"
|20
|[[N. D. Tiwari]]
|
|25 July 1987
|25 June 1988
|- align="center"
|21
|[[Shankarrao Chavan]]
|
|25 June 1988
|2 December 1989
|- align="center"
|22
|[[Madhu Dandavate]]
|
|2 December 1989
|10 November 1990
|[[Janata Dal]]([[National Front (India)|National Front]])
| rowspan="1" width="4px" bgcolor="{{Janata Dal/meta/color}}" |
|[[V. P. Singh]]
|- align="center"
|23
|[[Yashwant Sinha]]
|[[File:Yashwant_Sinha_IMF.jpg|108x108px]]
|10 November 1990
|21 June 1991
|[[Samajwadi Janata Party (Rashtriya)|Samajwadi Janata Party]](National Front)
| rowspan="1" width="4px" bgcolor="{{Samajwadi Janata Party (Rashtriya)/meta/color}}" |
|[[Chandra Shekhar]]
|- align="center"
|24
|[[Manmohan Singh]]
|[[File:Prime_Minister_Manmohan_Singh_in_WEF_,2009_(cropped).jpg|103x103px]]
|21 June 1991
|16 May 1996
|Indian National Congress
| rowspan="1" width="4px" bgcolor="{{Indian National Congress/meta/color}}" |
|[[P. V. Narasimha Rao]]
|- align="center"
|25
|[[Jaswant Singh]]
|[[File:Jaswant_Singh_(cropped).jpg|102x102px]]
|16 May 1996
|1 June 1996
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| rowspan="1" width="4px" bgcolor="{{Bharatiya Janata Party/meta/color}}" |
|[[Atal Bihari Vajpayee]]
|- align="center"
|26
|[[P. Chidambaram]]
|[[File:Pchidambaram_(cropped).jpg|105x105px]]
|1 June 1996
|21 April 1997
|[[Tamil Maanila Congress]]([[United Front (India)|United Front]])
| rowspan="1" width="4px" bgcolor="{{Tamil Maanila Congress/meta/color}}" |
|[[H. D. Deve Gowda]]
|- align="center"
|27
|[[I.K. Gujral]]
|[[File:Inder_Kumar_Gujral_071.jpg|110x110px]]
|21 April 1997
|22 May 2004
|[[Janata Dal]](United Front)
| rowspan="1" width="4px" bgcolor="{{Janata Dal/meta/color}}" |
|[[I. K. Gujral]]
|- align="center"
|28
|[[Prem Chand Gupta]]
|
|22 May 2004
|30 November 2008
| rowspan="4" |Indian National Congress
([[United Progressive Alliance]])
| rowspan="4" width="4px" bgcolor="{{Indian National Congress/meta/color}}" |
| rowspan="4" |[[Manmohan Singh]]
|- align="center"
|29
|[[H. R. Bhardwaj]]
|
|30 November 2008
|24 January 2009
|- align="center"
|30
|[[Veerappa Moily]]
|
|26 June 2012
|31 July 2012
|- align="center"
|31
|[[Sachin Pilot]]
|
|31 July 2012
|26 May 2014
|- align="center"
|32
|[[Arun Jaitley]]
|[[File:Arun_Jaitley,_Minister.jpg|111x111px]]
|26 May 2014
|14 May 2018
| rowspan="4" |[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]([[National Democratic Alliance (India)|National Democratic Alliance]])
| rowspan="5" width="4px" bgcolor="{{Bharatiya Janata Party/meta/color}}" |
| rowspan="4" |[[Narendra Modi]]
|- align="center"
|33
|[[Piyush Goyal]]
|[[File:MoR Piyush Goyal.jpg|111x111px]]
|14 May 2018
|23 August 2018
|- align="center"
|(32)
|[[Arun Jaitley]]
|[[File:Arun_Jaitley,_Minister.jpg|111x111px]]
|23 August 2018
|30 May 2019
|- align="center"
|34
|[[Nirmala Sitharaman]]
|[[File:Smt. Nirmala Sitharaman addressing a press conference on June 28, 2021, in New Delhi (cropped).jpg|111x111px]]
|30 May 2019
|Incumbent

|}
== List of Ministers of State ==
{| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible style=" ;"sortable mw-collapsible"
|+Ministers of State For Corporate Affairs
! [[Minister of state]]
! Portrait
! colspan=2| Political party
! colspan="2" | Term
! Days
|-align=center
|[[Nirmala Sitharaman]]
|[[File:Nirmala Sitharaman in September 2018.jpg|100px]]
|Rowspan=4|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|Rowspan=4 bgcolor=FF9933|
|26 May 2014
|9 November 2014
|{{Age in days|2014|05|26|2014|11|9}} days
|-align=center
|[[Arjun Ram Meghwal]]
|[[File:Shri Arjun Ram Meghwal taking charge as the Minister of State for Water Resources, River Development and Ganga Rejuvenation, in New Delhi on September 04, 2017.jpg|100px]]
|5 July 2016
|3 September 2017
|{{Age in days|2016|07|5|2017|9|3}} days
|-align=center
|[[P. P. Chaudhary]]
|[[File:P.P. Chaudhary delivering the inaugural address at the Plenary Session of the three-day International Competition Network Annual Conference 2018 (ICN2018), organised by the Competition Commission of India, in New Delhi.jpg|100px]]
|3 September 2017
|30 May 2019
|{{Age in days|2017|9|3|2019|05|30}} days
|-align=center
|[[Anurag Thakur]]
|[[File:Anurag Thakur.jpg|100px]]
|30 May 2019
|Incumbent
|{{Age in days|2019|05|30}} days
|}

==See also==
* [[Registrar of Companies, India]]
* [[List of company registers]]
* [[Indian Institute of Corporate Affairs]]
* [[Ministry of Cooperation (India)]]
* [[Ministry of Co-operation (India)]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*{{Official website|http://www.mca.gov.in/}}

{{Union ministries of India}}

{{authority control}}

[[Category:Ministry of Corporate Affairs| ]]
[[Category:Government ministries of India|Corporate Affairs]]

{{India-gov-stub}}

Draft:Ajmer (Lok Sabha constituency)

2021-07-09T14:09:40Z

Wandererkanishk: Wandererkanishk moved page Draft:Ajmer (Lok Sabha constituency) to Ajmer (Lok Sabha constituency)

#REDIRECT [[Ajmer (Lok Sabha constituency)]]

Ajmer (Lok Sabha constituency)

2021-07-09T14:09:34Z

Wandererkanishk: Wandererkanishk moved page Draft:Ajmer (Lok Sabha constituency) to Ajmer (Lok Sabha constituency)

{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2018}}

{{Infobox Lok Sabha Constituency
| name = Ajmer
| image =
| caption = Ajmer Lok Sabha constituency within Rajasthan
| Existence = [[1923 Indian general election|1923]]
| CurrentMPParty = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| CurrentMP = [[Bhagirath Choudhary]]
| ElectedByYear = [[2019 Indian general election|2019]]
| FormerMP = [[Raghu Sharma]]
| State = [[Rajasthan]]
|Electorate=
|Reservation= None
|AssemblyConstituencies = 8: [[Dudu (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Dudu]], [[Ajmer North (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Ajmer North]], [[Ajmer South (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Ajmer South]], [[Kekri (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Kekri]], [[Kishangarh (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Kishangarh]], [[Masuda (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Masuda]], [[Nasirabad (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Nasirabad]] and [[Pushkar (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Pushkar]]
}}
[[File:Ajmer India.JPG|thumb|[[Ajmer Jain Temple]], India]]

'''Ajmer Lok Sabha constituency''' is one of the 25 [[Lok Sabha]] (parliamentary) constituencies in [[Rajasthan]] state in [[India]].

==Vidhan Sabha segments==
Presently, Ajmer Lok Sabha constituency comprises eight [[Vidhan Sabha]] (legislative assembly) segments. These are:<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ceorajasthan.nic.in/PC-ACWISE-ELECTORS.pdf|title=Parliamentary & Assembly Constituencies wise Polling Stations & Electors|publisher=Chief Electoral Officer, Rajasthan website|access-date=21 March 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110726003649/http://ceorajasthan.nic.in/PC-ACWISE-ELECTORS.pdf|archive-date=26 July 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref>
# [[Dudu (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Dudu]]
# [[Ajmer North (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Ajmer North]]
# [[Ajmer South (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Ajmer South]]
# [[Kekri (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Kekri]]
# [[Kishangarh (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Kishangarh]]
# [[Masuda (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Masuda]]
# [[Nasirabad (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Nasirabad]]
# [[Pushkar (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Pushkar]]

==Members of Lok Sabha==
===Prior to independence===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! [[Central Legislative Assembly]]!!Duration!!Name of M.P.!!Party Affiliation
|-
| Second||[[1923 Indian general election|1924]]||[[Har Bilas Sarda]]||Independent
|-
| Third||[[1926 Indian general election|1926]]||[[Har Bilas Sarda]]||Independent
|-
| Fourth||[[1930 Indian general election|1930]]||[[Har Bilas Sarda]]||Independent
|-
| Fifth||[[1934 Indian general election|1934]]||Seth Bhagchand Soni||Independent
|-
| Sixth||[[1945 Indian general election|1945]]||[[Mukat Behari Lal Bhargava]]||[[Indian National Congress]]
|}

===Post-independence===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Lok Sabha!!Duration!!Name of M.P.!!Party Affiliation
|-
| First-a || 1951-57 ||Jwala Prasad Sharma (Ajmer North), Member 1/2 || [[Indian National Congress]]
|-
| First-b || 1951-57 <ref name="1ls">{{cite web|title=First Lok Sabha -State wise Details - Ajmer|url=http://164.100.47.194/Loksabha/Members/statedetailar.aspx?state_name=Ajmer&lsno=1|access-date=23 November 2017}}</ref> ||[[Mukat Behari Lal Bhargava]] ( Ajmer South ) || [[Indian National Congress]]
|-
| Second||1957-62||[[Mukat Behari Lal Bhargava]]||[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
| Third||1962-67||[[Mukat Behari Lal Bhargava]]||[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
| Fourth||1967-71||[[B. N. Bhargava]]||[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
| Fifth||1971-77||[[B. N. Bhargava]]||[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
| Sixth||1977-80||[[Shrikaran Sharda]]||[[Janata Party]]
|-
| Seventh||1980-84||[[Bhagwan Dev Acharya]]||[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
| Eighth||1984-89||[[Vishnu Kumar Modi]]||[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
| Ninth||1989-91||[[Rasa Singh Rawat]]||[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
| Tenth||1991-96||[[Rasa Singh Rawat]]||[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
| #11 ||1996-98||[[Rasa Singh Rawat]]||[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
| #12 ||1998-99||[[Prabha Thakur]]||[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
| Thirteenth||1999-04||[[Rasa Singh Rawat]]||[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
| [[14th Lok Sabha|Fourteenth]]||2004-2009||[[Rasa Singh Rawat]]||[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
| [[15th Lok Sabha|Fifteenth]]||2009-2014||[[Sachin Pilot]]||[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[16th Lok Sabha|#16]]||2014-2017||[[Sanwar Lal Jat]] (1955-2017)||[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
||2018-2019|| [[Raghu Sharma (politician)|Raghu Sharma]] (bye-poll) || [[Indian National Congress]]
|-
| [[17th Lok Sabha|# 17]]||2019-current||[[Bhagirath Choudhary]]||[[Bhartiya Janata Party]]
|}

==Election Results==
===2019 Lok Sabha Election===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2019 Indian general elections]]: [[Ajmer]]}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party=Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate=[[Bhagirath Choudhary]]
|votes= 8,15,076
|percentage= 64.58
|change= +20.93
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party=Indian National Congress
|candidate=Riju Jhunjhunwala
|votes= 3,98,652
|percentage= 31.58
|change= -19.06
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party= Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate= Durga Lal Regar
|votes= 13,618
|percentage= 1.08
|change= ''N/A''
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
| party = Ambedkarite Party of India
| candidate = Vishram Babu
| votes = 13,041
| percentage = 1.03
| change = ''N/A''
}}
{{Election box candidate|
| party = [[Independent politician|IND.]]
| candidate = Soniya Regar
| votes = 4,824
| percentage = 0.38
| change = ''N/A''
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party= None of the above
|candidate= [[None of the Above]]
|votes= 9,578
|percentage= 0.76
|change= +0.08
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 4,16,424
|percentage = 33.00
|change = +26.01
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes= 12,63,246
|percentage= 67.32
|change= +1.74
}}
{{Election box gain with party link|
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|loser = Indian National Congress
|swing = +13.94
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2014 Lok Sabha Election===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2014 Indian general elections]]: [[Ajmer]]}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Bharatiya Janata Party
| candidate = [[Sanwar Lal Jat]]
| votes = 6,37,874
| percentage = 55.16
| change = +12.44
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Indian National Congress
| candidate = [[Sachin Pilot]]
| votes = 4,65,891
| percentage = 40.29
| change = -12.30
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Nationalist Congress Party
| candidate = Sanwar Lal
| votes = 12,149
| percentage = 1.05
| change = ''N/A''
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Bahujan Samaj Party
| candidate = Jagdish
| votes = 7,974
| percentage = 0.69
| change = -0.50
}}
{{Election box candidate
| party = [[Independent (politician)|IND.]]
| candidate = Surendra Kumar Jain
| votes = 5,184
| percentage = 0.45
| change = ''N/A''
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = None of the above
| candidate = [[None of the Above]]
| votes = 12,546
| percentage = 1.08
| change = ''N/A''
}}
{{Election box majority
| votes = 1,71,983
| percentage = 14.87
| change = +5.00
}}
{{Election box turnout
| votes = 11,56,314
| percentage = 68.69
| change = +15.70
}}
{{Election box gain with party link|
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|loser = Indian National Congress
|swing = +2.57
}}
{{Election box end}}

====2018 bye-poll====
{{Election box begin | title=By Election, 2018: Ajmer}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Indian National Congress
| candidate = [[Raghu Sharma (politician)|Raghu Sharma]]
| votes = 6,11,514
| percentage = 50.64
| change = +10.35
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Bharatiya Janata Party
| candidate = [[Ramswaroop Lamba]]
| votes = 5,27,100
| percentage = 43.65
| change = -11.51
}}
{{Election box candidate|
|party = [[Independent politician|IND.]]
|candidate = Mukesh Gena
|votes = 12,084
|percentage = 1.00
|change = ''N/A''
}}
{{Election box candidate|
|party = [[Independent politician|IND.]]
|candidate = Mohammad Nasim
|votes = 9,993
|percentage = 0.83
|change = ''N/A''
}}{{Election box candidate|
|party = [[Hindustan Shakti Sena|HSS]]
|candidate = Manohar Gurjar
|votes = 6,758
|percentage = 0.56
|change = ''N/A''
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = None of the above
| candidate = [[None of the Above]]
| votes = 8,160
| percentage = 0.68
| change = -0.40
}}
{{Election box majority
| votes = 84,414
| percentage = 6.99
| change = -7.88
}}
{{Election box turnout
| votes = 12,07,680
| percentage = 65.53
| change = -3.16
}}
{{Election box gain with party link|
|winner = Indian National Congress
|loser = Bharatiya Janata Party
|swing = -4.52
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2009 Lok Sabha Election===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2009 Indian general elections]]: [[Ajmer]]}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Indian National Congress
| candidate = [[Sachin Pilot]]
| votes = 4,05,575
| percentage = 52.59
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Bharatiya Janata Party
| candidate = [[Kiran Maheshwari]]
| votes = 3,29,440
| percentage = 42.72
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Bahujan Samaj Party
| candidate = Rohitash
| votes = 9,180
| percentage = 1.19
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate
| party = [[Independent (politician)|IND.]]
| candidate = Shantilal Dhabria
| votes = 8,576
| percentage = 1.11
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate
| party = [[Jago Party|JGP]]
| candidate = Inder Chand Paliwala
| votes = 7,984
| percentage = 1.04
| change =
}}
{{Election box majority
| votes = 76,135
| percentage = 9.87
| change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
| votes = 7,71,160
| percentage = 52.99
| change =
}}
{{Election box gain with party link|
|winner = Indian National Congress
|loser = Bharatiya Janata Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2004 Lok Sabha Election===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2004 Indian general elections]]: [[Ajmer]]}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = [[Rasa Singh Rawat]]
|votes = 3,14,788
|percentage = 59.44
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Haji Habibur Rehman
|votes = 1,86,812
|percentage = 35.28
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Paras Chatar Jain
|votes = 11,224
|percentage = 2.12
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate|
|party = [[Independent (politician)|IND.]]
|candidate = Rekhraj Fauji
|votes = 6,325
|percentage = 1.19
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Samajwadi Party
|candidate = K. P. Singh
|votes = 5,431
|percentage = 1.03
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 1,27,976
|percentage = 24.16
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 5,29,549
|percentage = 43.99
|change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===1962 Lok Sabha Election===
* Mukatbehari Lal (INC) : 92,598 votes <ref>https://www.elections.in/parliamentary-constituencies/1962-election-results.html</ref>
* Bhagwandas (Jana Sangh) : 60,455

==See also==
* [[Ajmer district]]
* [[List of Constituencies of the Lok Sabha]]

==Notes==
{{reflist}}

{{Lok Sabha constituencies of Rajasthan}}

{{coord missing|Rajasthan}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ajmer (Lok Sabha Constituency)}}
[[Category:Ajmer]]
[[Category:Lok Sabha constituencies in Rajasthan]]

Draft:2008 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election

2021-07-09T14:08:24Z

Wandererkanishk: Wandererkanishk moved page Draft:2008 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election to 2008 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election

#REDIRECT [[2008 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election]]

2008 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election

2021-07-09T14:08:19Z

Wandererkanishk: Wandererkanishk moved page Draft:2008 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election to 2008 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election

{{Infobox election
| election_name = 2008 Rajasthan state assembly elections
| country = India
| type = parliamentary
| previous_election = 2003 Rajasthan state assembly elections
| previous_year = 2003
| previous_mps =
| election_date =
| elected_mps =
| next_election = 2013 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election
| next_year = 2013
| next_mps =
| seats_for_election = All 200 seats to the [[Rajasthan Legislative Assembly]]
| majority_seats = 101
| opinion_polls =
| turnout = 66.49% ({{decrease}}0.69%)
| image1 = [[File:Mr. Ashok Gehlot, Chief Minister, Rajasthan. India.JPG|160x150px]]
| leader1 = [[Ashok Gehlot]]
| party1 = Indian National Congress
| leader_since1 = 1 December 1998
| leaders_seat1 = [[Sardarpura]]
| last_election1 = 56
| seats_before1 =
| seats1 = 96
| seat_change1 = {{increase}} 40
| percentage1 = 36.82%
| popular_vote1 = 88,72,184
| image2 = [[File:Rajasthan CM Vasundhara Raje.JPG|160x150px]]
| leader2 = [[Vasundhara Raje]]
| party2 = Bharatiya Janata Party
| leader_since2 = 8 December 2003
| leaders_seat2 = [[Jhalrapatan (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Jhalrapatan]]
| last_election2 = 120
| seats_before2 =
| seats2 = 78
| seat_change2 = {{decrease}} 42
| popular_vote2 = 82,58,966
| percentage2 = 34.27%
| title = [[Chief Minister of Rajasthan|Chief Minister]]
| before_election = [[Vasundhara Raje Scindia]]
| before_party = Bharatiya Janata Party
| after_election = [[Ashok Gehlot]]
| after_party = Indian National Congress
| ongoing = No
| image3 = [[File:Mayawati.jpg|160x150px]]
| last_election3 = 2
| leader3 = Mayawati
| leaders_seat3 = ''Not Contested''
| party3 = Bahujan Samaj Party
| percentage3 = 7.60%
| popular_vote3 = 18,32,195
| seat_change3 = {{increase}} 4
| seats3 = 6
| leader_since3 = 18 September 2003
}}

'''Rajasthan state assembly elections, 2008''' were held in [[India]]n state of [[Rajasthan]] on 4 December 2008. Results were announced on 8 December. The incumbent ruling party [[Bhartiya Janata Party|BJP]] lost to [[Indian National Congress|Congress]].

==Results==

===Party-wise list of elected MLAs===

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"
|- bgcolor="#cccccc"
! SN
! Party
! Seats won
! Seats Changed
|-
|- style="background: #90EE90;"
| 1
| [[Indian National Congress]]
| 96
| + 40
|-
| 2
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| 78
| - 42
|-
| 3
| [[Independent (politician)|Independents]]
| 14
| - 1
|-
| 4
| [[Bahujan Samaj Party]]
| 6
| + 4
|-
| 5
| [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]]
| 3
| + 2
|-
| 6
| [[Loktantrik Samajwadi Party]]
| 1
| + 1
|-
| 6
| [[Janata Dal (United)]]
| 1
| - 1
|-
|
| '''Total'''
| '''199/200'''
|
|}

===Elected MLAs===
List of Elected Members of [[Rajasthan Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]]
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Constituency
! Name of Elected M.L.A.
! Party Affiliation
|-
| 1. [[Sadulshahar (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Sadulshahar]]
| [[Santosh Kumar Saharan]]
| [[Indian National Congress]]
|-
| 2. [[Ganganagar (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Ganganagar]]
| [[Radhey Shyam (MLA)|Radhey Shyam]]
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
| 3. [[Karanpur (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Karanpur]]
| [[Gurmeet Singh Kunnar]]
| [[Independent (politician)|Independent]]
|-
| 4. [[Suratgarh (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Suratgarh]]
| [[Ganga Jal (MLA)|Ganga Jal]]
| [[Indian National Congress]]
|-
| 5. [[Rajsinghnagar (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Rajsinghnagar]]
| [[Daulat Raj]]
| [[Indian National Congress]]
|-
| 6. [[Anupgarh (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Anupgarh]]
| [[Pawan Kumar Duggal]]
| [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]]
|-
| 7. [[Sangaria (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Sangaria]]
| [[Param Navadeep]]
| [[Indian National Congress]]
|-
| 8. [[Hanumangarh (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Hanumangarh]]
| [[Vinod Kumar Lilawali]]
| [[Indian National Congress]]
|-
| 9. [[Pilbanga (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Pilbanga]]
| [[Aad Ram (MLA)|Aad Ram]]
| [[Indian National Congress]]
|-
| 10. [[Nohar (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Nohar]]
| [[Abhishek Matoria]]
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
| 11. [[Bhadra (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Bhadra]]
| [[Jaideep (MLA)|Jaideep]]
| [[Independent (politician)|Independent]]
|-
| 12. [[Khajuwala (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Khajuwala]]
| [[Vishwanath (MLA)|Vishwanath]]
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
| 13. [[Bikaner West (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Bikaner West]]
| [[Gopal Krishan]]
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
| 14. [[Bikaner East (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Bikaner East]]
| [[Sidhi Kumari]]
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
| 15. [[Kolayat (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Kolayat]]
| [[Devi Singh Bhati]]
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
| 16. [[Lunkaransar (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Lunkaransar]]
| [[Virendra Beniwal]]
| [[Indian National Congress]]
|-
| 17. [[Dungargarh (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Dungargarh]]
| [[Manglaram]]
| [[Indian National Congress]]
|-
| 18. [[Nokha (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Nokha]]
| [[Kanhaiya Lal Jhanwar]]
| [[Independent (politician)|Independent]]
|-
| 19. [[Sadulpur (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Sadulpur]]
| [[Kamla Kaswan]]
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
| 20. [[Taranagar (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Taranagar]]
| [[Rajendra Singh Rathore|Rajendra Rathore]]
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
| 21. [[Sardarshahar (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Sardarshahar]]
| [[Ashok Kumar (MLA)|Ashok Kumar]]
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
| 22. [[Churu (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Churu]]
| [[Hazi Maqbool]]
| [[Indian National Congress]]
|-
| 23. [[Ratangarh (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Ratangarh]]
| [[Raj Kumar Rinwa]]
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
| 24. [[Sujangarh (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Sujangarh]]
| [[Master Bhanwarlal]]
| [[Indian National Congress]]
|-
| 25. [[Pilani (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Pilani]]
| [[Sunder Lal]]
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
| 26. [[Surajgarh (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Surajgarh]]
| [[Shrawan Kumar]]
| [[Indian National Congress]]
|-
| 27. [[Jhunjhunu (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Jhunjhunu]]
| [[Brijendra Singh Ola]]
| [[Indian National Congress]]
|-
| 28. [[Mandawa (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Mandawa]]
| [[Rita Choudhary]]
| [[Indian National Congress]]
|-n no| 29. [[Nawalgarh (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Nawalgarh]]
| [[Dr. Rajendra Sharma]]
| [[Bahujan Samaj Party]]
|-
| 30. [[Udaipurwati (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Udaipurwati]]
| [[Rajendra Singh]]
| [[Bahujan Samaj Party]]
|-
| 31. [[Khetri (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Khetri]]
| [[Jitendra Singh (Congress politician)|Jitendra Singh]]
| [[Indian National Congress]]
|-
| 32. [[Fatehpur (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Fatehpur]]
| [[Bhanwaru Khan]]
| [[Indian National Congress]]
|-
| 33. [[Lachmangarh (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Lachmangarh]]
| [[Govind Singh Dotasra]]
| [[Indian National Congress]]
|-
| 34. [[Dhod (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Dhod]]
| Pema Ram
| [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]]
|-
| 35. [[Sikar (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Sikar]]
| [[Rajendra Pareek]]
| [[Indian National Congress]]
|-
| 36. [[Danta Ramgarh (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Danta Ramgarh]]
| [[Amra Ram]]
| [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]]
|-
| 37. [[Khandela (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Khandela]]
| [[Bhanshidhar]]
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
| 38. [[Neem Ka Thana (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Neem Ka Thana]]
| [[Ramesh Chand Khandelwal]]
| [[Indian National Congress]]
|-
| 39. [[Shrimadhopur (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Shrimadhopur]]
| [[Deependra Singh]]
| [[Indian National Congress]]
|-
| 40. [[Kotputli (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Kotputli]]
| [[Ramswaroop]]
| [[Loktantrik Samajwadi Party]]
|-
| 41. [[Viratnagar (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Viratnagar]]
| [[Phool Chand]]
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
| 42. [[Shahpura (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Shahpura]]
| [[Rao Rajendra Singh]]
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
| 43. [[Chomu (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Chomu]]
| [[Bhagwan Sahay Saini]]
| [[Indian National Congress]]
|-
| 44. [[Phulera (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Phulera]]
| [[Nirmal Kumawat]]
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
| 45. [[Dudu (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Dudu]]
| [[Babulal Nagar]]
| [[Indian National Congress]]
|-
| 46. [[Jhotwara (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Jhotwara]]
| [[Rajpal Singh Shekhawat]]
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
| 47. [[Amber (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Amber]]
| [[Ganga Sahay]]
| [[Indian National Congress]]
|-
| 48. [[Jamwa Ramgarh (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Jamwa Ramgarh]]
| [[Gopal Meena]]
| [[Indian National Congress]]
|-
| 49. [[Hawamahal (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Hawamahal]]
| [[Brij Kishore Sharma]]
| [[Indian National Congress]]
|-
| 50. [[Vidhyadhar Nagar (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Vidhyadhar Nagar]]
| [[Narpat Singh Rajvi]]
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
| 51. [[Civil Lines (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Civil Lines]]
| [[Pratap Singh Khachariyawas]]
| [[Indian National Congress]]
|-
| 52. [[Kishanpole (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Kishanpole]]
| [[Mohan Lal Gupta]]
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
| 53. [[Adarsh Nagar (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Adarsh Nagar]]
| [[Ashok Parnami]]
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
| 54. [[Malviya Nagar (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Malviya Nagar]]
| [[Kali Charan Saraff]]
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
| 55. [[Sanganer (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Sanganer]]
| [[Ghanshyam Tiwari]]
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
| 56. [[Bagru (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Bagru]]
| [[Ganga Devi (Rajasthan politician)|Ganga Devi]]
| [[Indian National Congress]]
|-
| 57. [[Bassi (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Bassi]]
| [[Anju Devi Dhanka]]
| [[Independent (politician)|Independent]]
|-
| 58. [[Chaksu (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Chaksu]]
| [[Promila (MLA)|Promila]]
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
| 59. [[Tijara (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Tijara]]
| [[Aimaduddin|Durru Miyan]]
| [[Indian National Congress]]
|-
| 60. [[Kishangarh Bas (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Kishangarh Bas]]
| [[Ramhaet Singh]]
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
| 61. [[Mundawar (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Mundawar]]
| [[Major O.P. Yadav]]
| [[Indian National Congress]]
|-
| 62. [[Behror (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Behror]]
| [[Dr. Jaswant Singh]]
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
| 63. [[Bansur (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Bansur]]
| [[Rohitash Kumar]]
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
| 64. [[Thanagazi (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Thanagazi]]
| [[Hemsingh Bhadana]]
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
| 65. [[Alwar Rural (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Alwar Rural]]
| [[Tika Ram]]
| [[Indian National Congress]]
|-
| 66. [[Alwar Urban (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Alwar Urban]]
| [[Bhanwari Lal Singhal]]
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
| 67. [[Ramgarh (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Ramgarh]]
| [[Gyan Dev Ahuja]]
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
| 68. [[Rajgarh-Laxmangarh (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Rajgarh-Laxmangarh]]
| [[Suraj Bhan]]
| [[Samajwadi Party]]
|-
| 69. [[Katumar (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Katumar]]
| [[Babu Lal]]
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
| 70. [[Kaman (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Kaman]]
| [[Zahida (MLA)|Zahida]]
| [[Indian National Congress]]
|-
| 71. [[Nagar (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Nagar]]
| [[Anita (MLA)|Anita]]
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
| 72. [[Deeg Khumer (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Deeg Khumer]]
| [[Dr. Digamber Singh]]
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
| 73. [[Bharatpur (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Bharatpur]]
| [[Vijay Bansal]]
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
| 74. [[Nadbai (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Nadbai]]
| [[Krishnendra Kaur|Krishnendra Kaur (Deepa)]]
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
| 75. [[Weir (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Weir]]
| [[Bahadur Singh (politician)|Bahadur Singh]]
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
| 76. [[Bayana (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Bayana]]
| [[Gyarsaram]]
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
| 77. [[Baseri (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Baseri]]
| [[Sukhram (MLA)|Sukhram]]
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
| 78. [[Bari (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Bari]]
| [[Girraj Singh]]
| [[Bahujan Samaj Party]]
|-
| 79. [[Dholpur (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Dholpur]]
| [[Abdul Sageer Khan]]
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
| 80. [[Rajakhera (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Rajakhera]]
| [[Raveendra Singh Bohara]]
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
| 81. [[Todabhim (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Todabhim]]
| [[Kirodi Lal]]
| [[Independent (politician)|Independent]]
|-
| 82. [[Hindaun (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Hindaun]]
| [[Bharosi Lal]]
| [[Indian National Congress]]
|-
| 83. [[Karauli (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Karauli]]
| [[Rohini Kumari]]
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
| 84. [[Sapotra (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Sapotra]]
| [[Ramesh (MLA)|Ramesh]]
| [[Bahujan Samaj Party]]
|-
| 85. [[Bandikui (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Bandikui]]
| [[Ram Kishor]]
| [[Independent (politician)|Independent]]
|-
| 86. [[Mathuwa (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Mathuwa]]
| [[Golama]]
| [[Independent (politician)|Independent]]
|-
| 87. [[Sikrai (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Sikrai]]
| [[Mamta Bhupesh]]
| [[Indian National Congress]]
|-
| 88. [[Dausa (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Dausa]]
| [[Murari Lal Meena]]
| [[Bahujan Samaj Party]]
|-
| 89. [[Lalsot (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Lalsot]]
| [[Parsadi Lal]]
| [[Independent (politician)|Independent]]
|-
| 90. [[Gangapur (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Gangapur]]
| [[Ramkesh]]
| [[Bahujan Samaj Party]]
|-
| 91. [[Bamanwas (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Bamanwas]]
| [[Nawalkishore]]
| [[Indian National Congress]]
|-
| 92. [[Sawai Madhopur (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Sawai Madhopur]]
| [[Allauddin Azad]]
| [[Indian National Congress]]
|-
| 93. [[Khandar (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Khandar]]
| [[Ashok (MLA)|Ashok]]
| [[Indian National Congress]]
|-
| 94. [[Malpura (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Malpura]]
| [[Ranveer Pahalwan]]
| [[Independent (politician)|Independent]]
|-
| 95. [[Niwai (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Niwai]]
| [[Kamal Bairwa]]
| [[Indian National Congress]]
|-
| 96. [[Tonk (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Tonk]]
| [[Zakiya (MLA)|Zakiya]]
| [[Indian National Congress]]
|-
| 97. [[Deoli-Uniara (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Deoli-Uniara]]
| [[Ram Narayan Meena]]
| [[Indian National Congress]]
|-
| 98. [[Kishangarh (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Kishangarh]]
| [[Nathu Ram Sinodiya]]
| [[Indian National Congress]]
|-
| 99. [[Pushkar (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Pushkar]]
| [[Naseem Akhtar Insaf]]
| [[Indian National Congress]]
|-
| 100. [[Ajmer North (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Ajmer North]]
| [[Vasudev Devnani]]
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
| 101. [[Ajmer South (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Ajmer South]]
| [[Anita Bhadel]]
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
| 102. [[Nasirabad (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Nasirabad]]
| Mahendra Singh
| [[Indian National Congress]]
|-
| 103. [[Beawar (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Beawar]]
| [[Shankar Singh (Rajasthan politician)|Shankar Singh]]
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
| 104. [[Masuda (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Masuda]]
| [[Brahmdev Kumawat]]
| [[Independent (politician)|Independent]]
|-
| 105. [[Kekri (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Kekri]]
| Raghunandan
| [[Indian National Congress]]
|-
| 106. [[Ladnun (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Ladnun]]
| [[Haraji Ram]]
| [[Independent (politician)|Independent]]
|-
| 107. [[Deedwana (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Deedwana]]
| [[Rupa Ram]]
| [[Indian National Congress]]
|-
| 108. [[Jayal (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Jayal]]
| [[Manju Devi]]
| [[Indian National Congress]]
|-
| 109. [[Nagaur (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Nagaur]]
| [[Habibur Rahaman]]
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
| 110. [[Khinwsar (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Khinwsar]]
| [[Hanuman Bainiwal]]
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
| 111. [[Merta (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Merta]]
| [[Sukharam (MLA)|Sukharam]]
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
| 112. [[Degana (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Degana]]
| [[Ajay Singh (MLA)|Ajay Singh]]
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
| 113. [[Makrana (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Makrana]]
| [[Zakir Hussain (politician)|Zakir Hussain]]
| [[Indian National Congress]]
|-
| 114. [[Parbatsar (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Parbatsar]]
| [[Maan Singh]]
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
| 115. [[Nawan (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Nawan]]
| [[Mahendra Choudhary]]
| [[Indian National Congress]]
|-
| 116. [[Jaitaran (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Jaitaran]]
| [[Dilip Choudhary]]
| [[Independent (politician)|Independent]]
|-
| 117. [[Sojat (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Sojat]]
| [[Sanjana Agri]]
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
| 118. [[Pali (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Pali]]
| [[Gyan Chand Parakh]]
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
| 119. [[Marwar Junction (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Marwar Junction]]
| [[Kesa Ram Choudhary]]
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
| 120. [[Bali (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Bali]]
| [[Pushpendra Singh]]
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
| 121. [[Sumerpur (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Sumerpur]]
| [[Bina Kak]]
| [[Indian National Congress]]
|-
| 122. [[Phalodi (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Phalodi]]
| [[Om Joshi]]
| [[Indian National Congress]]
|-
| 123. [[Lohawat (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Lohawat]]
| [[Gajendra Singh Khinvsar]]
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
| 124. [[Snergarh (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Snergarh]]
| [[Babu SIngh Rathore]]
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
| 125. [[Osian (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Osian]]
| [[Mahipal Maderana]]
| [[Indian National Congress]]
|-
| 126. [[Bhopalgarh (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Bhopalgarh]]
| [[Kamsa (MLA)|Kamsa]]
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
| 127. [[Sardarpura (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Sardarpura]]
| [[Ashok Gehlot]]
| [[Indian National Congress]]
|-
| 128. [[Jodhpur (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Jodhpur]]
| [[Kailash Bhansali]]
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
| 129. [[Soorsagar (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Soorsagar]]
| [[Suryakant Vyas]]
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
| 130. [[Luni (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Luni]]
| [[Malkhan Singh]]
| [[Indian National Congress]]
|-
| 131. [[Bilara (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Bilara]]
| [[Arjun Lal]]
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
| 132. [[Jaisalmer (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Jaisalmer]]
| [[Chhotu Singh]]
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
| 133. [[Pokaran (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Pokaran]]
| [[Saleh Mohammad (Indian politician)]]
| [[Indian National Congress]]
|-
| 134. [[Sheo (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Sheo]]
| [[Ameen Khan]]
| [[Indian National Congress]]
|-
| 135. Barmer
| [[Mewaram Jain]]
| [[Indian National Congress]]
|-
| 136. [[Baytoo (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Baytoo]]
| [[Col. Sonaram]]
| [[Indian National Congress]]
|-
| 137. [[Pachpadra (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Pachpadra]]
| [[Madan (MLA)|Madan]]
| [[Indian National Congress]]
|-
| 138. [[Siwana (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Siwana]]
| [[Kansingh]]
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
| 139. [[Gudamalani (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Ghuda Malani]]
| [[Hemaram Choudhary]]
| [[Indian National Congress]]
|-
| 140. [[Chohtan (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Chohtan]]
| [[Padmaram]]
| [[Indian National Congress]]
|-
| 141. [[Ahore (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Ahore]]
| [[Bhag Raj Chowdhary]]
| [[Indian National Congress]]
|-
| 142. [[Jalore (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Jalore]]
| [[Ramlal Meghwal]]
| [[Indian National Congress]]
|-
| 143. [[Bhinmal (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Bhinmal]]
| [[Poora Ram Choudhary]]
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
| 144. [[Sanchore (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Sanchore]]
| [[Jeevaram Choudhary]]
| [[Independent (politician)|Independent]]
|-
| 145. [[Raniwara (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Raniwara]]
| [[Ratan (MLA)|Ratan]]
| [[Indian National Congress]]
|-
| 146. [[Sirohi (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Sirohi]]
| [[Otaram Dewasi]]
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
| 147. [[Pindwara Abu (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Pindwara Abu]]
| [[Ganga (MLA)|Ganga]]
| [[Indian National Congress]]
|-
| 148. [[Reodar (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Reodar]]
| [[Jagasi Ram]]
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
| 149. [[Gogunda (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Gogunda]]
| [[Mangi Lal Garasiya]]
| [[Indian National Congress]]
|-
| 150. [[Jhadol (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Jhadol]]
| [[Babu Lal Kharadi]]
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
| 151. [[Kherwara (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Kherwara]]
| [[Dayaram Parmar]]
| [[Indian National Congress]]
|-
| 152. [[Udaipur Rural (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Udaipur Rural]]
| [[Sajjan Katara]]
| [[Indian National Congress]]
|-
| 153. [[Udaipur (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Udaipur]]
| [[Gulab Chand Kataria]]
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
| 154. [[Mavli (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Mavli]]
| [[Pushkar Lal]]
| [[Indian National Congress]]
|-
| 155. [[Vallabhnagar (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Vallabhnagar]]
| [[Gajendra Singh Shaktawat]]
| [[Indian National Congress]]
|-
| 156. [[Salumber (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Salumber]]
| [[Raghuveer Singh]]
| [[Indian National Congress]]
|-
| 157. [[Dariawad (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Dariawad]]
| [[Nagraj (MLA)|Nagraj]]
| [[Indian National Congress]]
|-
| 158. [[Dungarpur (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Dungarpur]]
| [[Lal Shanker Gatiya]]
| [[Indian National Congress]]
|-
| 159. [[Aspur (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Aspur]]
| [[Raiyaji (MLA)|Raiyaji]]
| [[Indian National Congress]]
|-
| 160. [[Sagwara (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Sagwara]]
| [[Surendra Kumar]]
| [[Indian National Congress]]
|-
| 161. [[Chorasi (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Chorasi]]
| [[Shanker Lal Ahari]]
| [[Indian National Congress]]
|-
| 162. [[Ghatol (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Ghatol]]
| [[Nanalal (MLA)|Nanalal]]
| [[Independent (politician)|Independent]]
|-
| 163. [[Garhi (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Garhi]]
| [[Kanta Garasiya]]
| [[Indian National Congress]]
|-
| 164. [[Banswara (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Banswara]]
| [[Arjun Singh Bamaniya]]
| [[Indian National Congress]]
|-
| 165. [[Bagidora (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Bagidora]]
| [[Mahendrajeet Singh]]
| [[Indian National Congress]]
|-
| 166. [[Kushalgarh (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Kushalgarh]]
| [[Fateh Singh (politician)|Fateh Singh]]
| [[Janata Dal (United)]]
|-
| 167. [[Kapasan (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Kapasan]]
| [[Shankar (MLA)|Shankar]]
| [[Indian National Congress]]
|-
| 168. [[Begun (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Begun]]
| [[Rajendra Singh (MLA)|Rajendra Singh]]
| [[Indian National Congress]]
|-
| 169. [[Chittorgarh (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Chittorgarh]]
| [[Surendra Singh (politician)|Surendra Singh]]
| [[Indian National Congress]]
|-
| 170. [[Nimbahera (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Nimbahera]]
| [[Anjana Udailal]]
| [[Indian National Congress]]
|-
| 171. [[Bari Sadri (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Bari Sadri]]
| [[Prakash Chandra Choudhary]]
| [[Indian National Congress]]
|-
| 172. [[Pratapgarh (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Pratapgarh]]
| [[Nandlal (MLA)|Nandlal]]
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
| 173. [[Bhim (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Bhim]]
| [[Hari SIngh Rawat|Panna Singh]]
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
| 174. [[Kumbalgarh (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Kumbalgarh]]
| [[Ganesh Singh Paramar]]
| [[Indian National Congress]]
|-
| 175. [[Rajsamand (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Rajsamand]]
| [[Kiran Maheshwari]]
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
| 176. [[Nathdwara (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Nathdwara]]
| [[Kalyan Singh Chauhan]]
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
| 177. [[Asind (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Asind]]
| [[Ramlal Gurjar]]
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
| 178. [[Mandal (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Mandal]]
| [[Ram Lal (MLA)|Ram Lal]]
| [[Indian National Congress]]
|-
| 179. [[Sahara (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Sahara]]
| [[Kailash Chandra Trivedi]]
| [[Indian National Congress]]
|-
| 180. [[Bhilwara (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Bhilwara]]
| [[Vitthal Shankar Avasthi]]
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
| 181. [[Shahpura (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Shahpura]]
| [[Mahaveer Prasad Mochi]]
| [[Indian National Congress]]
|-
| 182. [[Jahazpur (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Jahazpur]]
| [[Shivjiram Meena]]
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
| 183. [[Mandalgarh (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Mandalgarh]]
| [[Pradeep Kumar Singh]]
| [[Indian National Congress]]
|-
| 184. [[Hindoli (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Hindoli]]
| [[Prabhu Lal]]
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
| 185. [[Keshoraipatan (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Keshoraipatan]]
| [[C L Premi]]
| [[Indian National Congress]]
|-
| 186. [[Bundi (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Bundi]]
| [[Ashok Dogara]]
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
| 187. [[Pipalda (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Pipalda]]
| [[Premchand (MLA)|Premchand]]
| [[Indian National Congress]]
|-
| 188. [[Sangod (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Sangod]]
| [[Bharat Singh Kundanpur]]
| [[Indian National Congress]]
|-
| 189. [[Kota North (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Kota North]]
| [[Shanti Dhariwal]]
| [[Indian National Congress]]
|-
| 190. [[Kota South (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Kota South]]
| [[Om Birla]]
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
| 191. [[Ladpura (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Ladpura]]
| [[Bhawani Singh Rajawat]]
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
| 192. [[Ramganj Mandi (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Ramganj Mandi]]
| [[Chandrakanta Meghwal]]
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
| 193. [[Anta (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Anta]]
| [[Pramod Kumar|Pramod Kumar (Bhaya)]]
| [[Indian National Congress]]
|-
| 194. [[Kishanganj (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Kishanganj]]
| [[Nirmala (MLA)|Nirmala]]
| [[Indian National Congress]]
|-
| 195. [[Baran-Atru (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Baran-Atru]]
| [[Panachand]]
| [[Indian National Congress]]
|-
| 196. [[Chhabra (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Chhabra]]
| [[Karan Singh (Chhabra)|Karan Singh]]
| [[Indian National Congress]]
|-
| 197. [[Dag (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Dag]]
| [[Madanlal (MLA)|Madanlal]]
| [[Indian National Congress]]
|-
| 198. [[Jhalrapatan (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Jhalrapatan]]
| [[Vasundhara Raje]]
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
| 199. [[Khanpur (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Khanpur]]
| [[Anil Kumar (BJP politician)|Anil Kumar]]
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
| 200. [[Manohar Thana (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Manohar Thana]]
| [[Kailash Chand Meena]]
| [[Indian National Congress]]
|}

==See also==
* [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)]]

==External links==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20081228191508/http://www.sarkaritel.com/states/rajasthan/members_legislative_assembly.htm Rajasthan MLAs]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20140628174513/http://www.rajasthaninfoline.com/rinfo/mla.htm#26 Rajasthan Infoline]

[[Category:2008 State Assembly elections in India]]
[[Category:State Assembly elections in Rajasthan|2008]]
[[Category:2000s in Rajasthan|2008]]
[[Category:Rajasthan politics-related lists|Constituencies of Rajsthan Assembly]]
[[Category:December 2008 events in Asia]]

Draft:Commonwealth Parliamentary Association

2021-07-09T14:06:19Z

Wandererkanishk: Wandererkanishk moved page Draft:Commonwealth Parliamentary Association to Commonwealth Parliamentary Association

#REDIRECT [[Commonwealth Parliamentary Association]]

Commonwealth Parliamentary Association

2021-07-09T14:06:13Z

Wandererkanishk: Wandererkanishk moved page Draft:Commonwealth Parliamentary Association to Commonwealth Parliamentary Association

{{Use British English|date=August 2015}}
{{Politics}}

The '''Commonwealth Parliamentary Association''' ('''CPA'''), previously known as the '''Empire Parliamentary Association''', is an organisation which works to support [[good governance]], [[democracy]] and [[human rights]].

In 1989 the [[patron]] of the CPA was the [[Head of the Commonwealth]], [[Elizabeth II|Queen Elizabeth II]]. The vice-patronship rotates amongst [[Heads of State]] and of Government of the [[Commonwealth of Nations|Commonwealth nations]] who host its forthcoming annual Commonwealth Parliamentary Conference. The Association's supreme authority is the [[General Assembly]], constituted by delegates to the annual Commonwealth Parliamentary Conference.<ref>[http://www.wikinewsindia.com/tag/commonwealth-parliamentary-conference/ www.wikinewsindia.com] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151005085040/http://www.wikinewsindia.com/tag/commonwealth-parliamentary-conference/ |date=2015-10-05 }}</ref> The business and activities of the CPA are managed by an Executive Committee, which reports to the General Assembly. The CPA's funds are derived from membership fees paid by its [[Executive (government)|branches]], as well as from two [[trust fund]]s and benefactors.

The official publication of the Commonwealth Parliamentary Association is ''The Parliamentarian'', the [[Magazine|Journal]] of Commonwealth Parliaments which was first published in January 1920. The organisation administers the Commonwealth Women Parliamentarians (CWP), a network across the Commonwealth which promotes greater representation for women in Parliament; the CPA Small Branches network, representing parliaments and legislatures with populations below 500,000 people; the Commonwealth Parliamentarians with Disabilities (CPwD) network; and the [[Commonwealth Youth Parliament]], an annual gathering of young people hosted by a Commonwealth Parliament.

The Commonwealth Parliamentary Association (CPA) currently has approximately 180 branches and is divided into nine regions: Africa, Asia, Australia, British Islands and Mediterranean, Canada, Caribbean, Americas and Atlantic, India, Pacific, and [[South-East Asia]]. The CPA Headquarters Secretariat is based in [[London]].

== History ==
[[File:Pandit Ram Kishore Shukla at 30th Commonwealth Parliamentary Association conference at The Isle of Man in October 1984.jpg|thumb|upright=1.3|CPA conference, [[Isle of Man]], October 1984]]
[[File:65 ammendment.png|thumb|CPA African Branch meeting, 2014]]
The CPA was founded as the '''Empire Parliamentary Association''' in 1911, with its first branches being Australia, Canada, [[Dominion of Newfoundland|Newfoundland]], New Zealand, South Africa and the United Kingdom, the latter branch administering the Association as a whole. In 1948 the Association changed its name to the current Commonwealth Parliamentary Association, and invited all branches to participate in the organisation's administration.

== Officers ==
The office of [[Chairperson]] of the CPA Executive Committee is vacant. Since April 2021, the Acting CPA Chairperson is [[Ian Liddell-Grainger]] MP of the [[Parliament of the United Kingdom]].

Previous CPA Chairpersons have included: [[Emilia Monjowa Lifaka]] MP, Deputy Speaker of the [[National Assembly of Cameroon]] (2017-2021); [[Shirin Sharmin Chaudhury]], Speaker of [[Jatiyo Sangsad Bhaban]] of [[Parliament of Bangladesh|Bangladesh]] (2014–2017),<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.cpahq.org/cpahq/Main/Chairperson/Current_Chair/Main/Chairperson/Dr_Shirin_Sharmin_Chaudhury__Biography.aspx?hkey=7520e41f-0dc8-48ef-8438-c6b57f27f427 |title=CPA Chair at www.cpahq.org |access-date=2015-10-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150925101607/http://www.cpahq.org/cpahq/Main/Chairperson/Current_Chair/Main/Chairperson/Dr_Shirin_Sharmin_Chaudhury__Biography.aspx?hkey=7520e41f-0dc8-48ef-8438-c6b57f27f427 |archive-date=2015-09-25 |url-status=dead }}</ref> who succeeded [[Alan Haselhurst|Sir Alan Haselhurst MP]] (2011–2014), formerly [[Chairman of Ways and Means]] of the [[Parliament of the United Kingdom|UK Parliament]].

The position of Acting CPA Vice-Chairperson is vacant.

Since September 2019, the CPA Treasurer is [[Shamsul Iskandar Md. Akin]], MP of the [[Parliament of Malaysia]].

Since September 2019, the Chairperson of the Commonwealth Women Parliamentarians is [[Shandana Gulzar Khan]], MNA from the [[National Assembly of Pakistan]]. Previous CWP Chairpersons include: Hon. [[Noraini Ahmad]] MP, [[Parliament of Malaysia]]; Rt Hon. [[Rebecca Kadaga]] MP, [[Parliament of Uganda]]; Hon. [[Alix Boyd Knights]], [[House of Assembly of Dominica]]; Ms [[Kashmala Tariq]], [[National Assembly of Pakistan]]; Hon. Lindiwe Maseko, [[Parliament of South Africa]] and [[Gauteng Provincial Legislature]].

Since February 2021, the Acting Chairperson for the CPA Small Branches is [[Joy Burch]], MLA, [[Speaker of the Australian Capital Territory Legislative Assembly]]. She assumed this position on the resignation of the previous incumbent [[Niki Rattle]], Speaker of the [[Parliament of the Cook Islands]]. The first CPA Small Branches Chairperson was Hon. [[Angelo Farrugia]], Speaker of the [[Parliament of Malta]].

In addition, since October 2020, the Chairperson of the Commonwealth Parliamentarians with Disabilities (CPwD) is [[Kevin Murphy (Canadian politician)]], MLA, [[Speaker of the House of Assembly of Nova Scotia]].

== Secretaries-General ==

The CPA's 8th Secretary-General is [[Stephen Twigg]].<ref>http://www.cpahq.org/cpahq/Main/Secretary-General/Biography/Main/About/Organisation/Secretary_General/Secretary-General_Biography.aspx</ref> He was appointed in August 2020 for a four-year term. Twigg was elected to the [[Parliament of the United Kingdom]] as a Member of Parliament from 1997 to 2005 ([[Enfield Southgate]]) and from 2010 to 2019 ([[Liverpool West Derby]]). During his parliamentary career, he held several senior positions including chairing the [[International Development Select Committee]], Minister for Schools and a range of Shadow Front Bench roles.

Previous [[Secretary-General|Secretaries-General]] have been:
Karimulla Akbar Khan, UK/Guyanese Lawyer (2016-2019); [[William F. Shija]], former Minister Tanzania Parliament (2007–2014); [[Denis Marshall]], former Minister New Zealand Parliament (2002–2006); [[Art Donahoe|Arthur Donahoe]], former Speaker Nova Scotia House of Assembly (1993–2001); [[David Tonkin]], former Premier South Australia (1986–1992); Sir Robin Vandervelt from [[South Africa]] (1961–1985); Sir Howard d’Egville (1949–1960).<ref>[http://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/portrait/mw204320/Sir-Howard-dEgville www.npg.org.uk]</ref>

==Members==
Members of the CPA are listed below. Both [[nation]]al and [[subnational administrative division|subnational]] parliaments are included.
{| width="70%" border="2" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" style="margin: 1em 1em 1em 0; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%; width=50%;"
!width=20%|Members
!width=20%|National and Sub-National Parliaments
|-
|{{Flag|Alderney}}
|[[States of Alderney]]
|-
|{{Flag|Anguilla}}
|[[Parliament of Anguilla]]
|-
|{{Flag|Antigua and Barbuda}}
|{{plainlist|
*[[Parliament of Antigua and Barbuda]]
*[[Barbuda Council]]
}}
|-
|{{Flag|Australia}}
|{{plainlist|
*[[Parliament of Australia]].
*[[File:Flag of the Australian Capital Territory.svg|22x20px|border|]] [[Australian Capital Territory Legislative Assembly]]
*[[File:Flag of New South Wales.svg|22x20px|border|]] [[Parliament of New South Wales]]
*[[File:Flag of the Northern Territory.svg|22x20px|border|]] [[Northern Territory Legislative Assembly]]
*[[File:Flag of Queensland.svg|22x20px|border|]] [[Parliament of Queensland]]
*[[File:Flag of South Australia.svg|22x20px|border|]] [[Parliament of South Australia]]
*[[File:Flag of Tasmania.svg|22x20px|border|]] [[Parliament of Tasmania]]
*[[File:Flag of Victoria (Australia).svg|22x20px|border|]] [[Parliament of Victoria]]
*[[File:Flag of Western Australia.svg|22x20px|border|]] [[Parliament of Western Australia]]
}}
|-
|{{Flag|The Bahamas}}
|[[Parliament of the Bahamas]]
|-
|{{Flag|Bangladesh}}
|[[Parliament of Bangladesh]]
|-
|{{Flag|Barbados}}
|[[Parliament of Barbados]]
|-
|{{Flag|Belize}}
|[[Parliament of Belize]]
|-
|{{Flag|Bermuda}}
|[[Parliament of Bermuda]]
|-
|{{Flag|Botswana}}
|[[Parliament of Botswana]]
|-
|{{Flag|British Virgin Islands}}
|[[House of Assembly of the British Virgin Islands]]
|-
|{{Flag|Cameroon}}
|[[National Assembly of Cameroon]]
|-
|{{Flag|Canada}}
|{{plainlist|
*[[Parliament of Canada]]
*[[File:Flag of Alberta.svg|22x20px|border|]] [[Legislative Assembly of Alberta]]
*[[File:Flag of British Columbia.svg|22x20px|border|]] [[Legislative Assembly of British Columbia]]
*[[File:Flag of Manitoba.svg|22x20px|border|]] [[Legislative Assembly of Manitoba]]
*[[File:Flag of New Brunswick.svg|22x20px|border|]] [[Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick]]
*[[File:Flag of Newfoundland and Labrador.svg|22x20px|border|]] [[Newfoundland and Labrador House of Assembly]]
*[[File:Flag of the Northwest Territories.svg|22x20px|border|]] [[Legislative Assembly of the Northwest Territories]]
*[[File:Flag of Nova Scotia.svg|22x20px|border|]] [[Nova Scotia House of Assembly]]
*[[File:Flag of Nunavut.svg|22x20px|border|]] [[Legislative Assembly of Nunavut]]
*[[File:Flag of Ontario.svg|22x20px|border|]] [[Legislative Assembly of Ontario]]
*[[File:Flag of Prince Edward Island.svg|22x20px|border|]] [[Legislative Assembly of Prince Edward Island]]
*[[File:Flag of Quebec.svg|22x20px|border|]] [[National Assembly of Quebec]]
*[[File:Flag of Saskatchewan.svg|22x20px|border|]] [[Legislative Assembly of Saskatchewan]]
*[[File:Flag of Yukon.svg|22x20px|border|]] [[Yukon Legislative Assembly]]
}}
|-
|{{Flag|Cayman Islands}}
|[[Parliament of the Cayman Islands]]
|-
|{{Flag|Cook Islands}}
|[[Parliament of the Cook Islands]]
|-
|{{Flag|Cyprus}}
|[[House of Representatives of Cyprus]]
|-
|{{Flag|Dominica}}
|[[House of Assembly of Dominica]]
|-
|{{Flag|Falkland Islands}}
|[[Legislative Assembly of the Falkland Islands]]
|-
|{{Flag|Fiji}}
|[[Parliament of Fiji]]
|-
|{{Flag|Gambia}}
|[[National Assembly of the Gambia]]
|-
|{{Flag|Ghana}}
|[[Parliament of Ghana]]
|-
|{{Flag|Gibraltar}}
|[[Gibraltar Parliament]]
|-
|{{Flag|Grenada}}
|[[Parliament of Grenada]]
|-
|{{Flag|Guernsey}}
|[[States of Guernsey]]
|-
|{{Flag|Guyana}}
|[[National Assembly of Guyana]]
|-
|{{Flag|India}}
|
{{plainlist|
*[[Parliament of India]]
*[[Andhra Pradesh Legislature]]
*[[Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]
*[[Assam Legislative Assembly]]
*[[Bihar Legislature]]
*[[Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly]]
*[[Delhi Legislative Assembly]]
*[[Goa Legislative Assembly]]
*[[Gujarat Legislative Assembly]]
*[[Haryana Legislative Assembly]]
*[[Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]
*[[Jammu and Kashmir Legislature]]
*[[Jharkhand Legislative Assembly]]
*[[Karnataka Legislature]]
*[[Kerala Legislative Assembly]]
*[[Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]
*[[Maharashtra Legislature]]
*[[Manipur Legislative Assembly]]
*[[Meghalaya Legislative Assembly]]
*[[Mizoram Legislative Assembly]]
*[[Nagaland Legislative Assembly]]
*[[Odisha Legislative Assembly]]
*[[Puducherry Legislative Assembly]]
*[[Punjab Legislative Assembly]]
*[[Rajasthan Legislative Assembly]]
*[[Sikkim Legislative Assembly]]
*[[Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly]]
*[[Telangana Legislature]]
*[[Tripura Legislative Assembly]]
*[[Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly]]
*[[Uttar Pradesh Legislature]]
*[[West Bengal Legislative Assembly]]
}}
|-
|{{Flag|Isle of Man}}
|[[High Court of Tynwald]]
|-
|{{Flag|Jamaica}}
|[[Parliament of Jamaica]]
|-
|{{Flag|Jersey}}
|[[States of Jersey]]
|-
|{{Flag|Kenya}}
|[[Parliament of Kenya]]
|-
|{{Flag|Kiribati}}
|[[House of Assembly (Kiribati)|House of Assembly]]
|-
|{{Flag|Lesotho}}
|[[Parliament of Lesotho]]
|-
|{{Flag|Malawi}}
|[[Parliament of Malawi]]
|-
|{{Flag|Malaysia}}
|{{plainlist|
*[[Parliament of Malaysia]]
*[[File:Flag of Johor.svg|22x20px|border|]] [[Johor State Legislative Assembly]]
*[[File:Flag of Kedah.svg|22x20px|border|]] [[Kedah State Legislative Assembly]]
*[[File:Flag of Kelantan.svg|22x20px|border|]] [[Kelantan State Legislative Assembly]]
*[[File:Flag of Malacca.svg|22x20px|border|]] [[Malacca State Legislative Assembly]]
*[[File:Flag of Negeri Sembilan.svg|22x20px|border|]] [[Negeri Sembilan State Legislative Assembly]]
*[[File:Flag of Pahang.svg|22x20px|border|]] [[Pahang State Legislative Assembly]]
*[[File:Flag of Penang (Malaysia).svg|22x20px|border|]] [[Penang State Legislative Assembly]]
*[[File:Flag of Perak.svg|22x20px|border|]] [[Perak State Legislative Assembly]]
*[[File:Flag of Perlis.svg|22x20px|border|]] [[Perlis State Legislative Assembly]]
*[[File:Flag of Sabah.svg|22x20px|border|]] [[Sabah State Legislative Assembly]]
*[[File:Flag of Sarawak.svg|22x20px|border|]] [[Sarawak State Legislative Assembly]]
*[[File:Flag of Selangor.svg|22x20px|border|]] [[Selangor State Legislative Assembly]]
*[[File:Flag of Terengganu.svg|22x20px|border|]] [[Terengganu State Legislative Assembly]]
}}
|-
|{{Flag|Malta}}
|[[Parliament of Malta]]
|-
|{{Flag|Mauritius}}
|[[Parliament of Mauritius]]
|-
|{{Flag|Montserrat}}
|[[Legislative Assembly of Montserrat]]
|-
|{{Flag|Mozambique}}
|[[Parliament of Mozambique]]
|-
|{{Flag|Namibia}}
|[[Parliament of Namibia]]
|-
|{{Flag|Nauru}}
|[[Parliament of Nauru]]
|-
|{{Flag|New Zealand}}
|[[Parliament of New Zealand]]
|-
|{{Flag|Nigeria}}
|{{plainlist|
*[[Parliament of Nigeria]]
*[[Abia State]]
*[[Adamawa State]]
*[[Akwa Ibom State]]
*[[Anambra State]]
*[[Bauchi State]]
*[[Bayelsa State]]
*[[Benue State]]
*[[Borno State]]
*[[Cross River State]]
*[[Delta State]]
*[[Ebonyi State]]
*[[Edo State]]
*[[Ekiti State]]
*[[Enugu State]]
*[[Gombe State]]
*[[Imo State]]
*[[Jigawa State]]
*[[Kaduna State]]
*[[Kano State]]
*[[Katsina State]]
*[[Kebbi State]]
*[[Kogi State]]
*[[Kwara State]]
*[[Lagos State]]
*[[Nasarawa State]]
*[[Niger State]]
*[[Ogun State]]
*[[Ondo State]]
*[[Osun State]]
*[[Oyo State]]
*[[Plateau State]]
*[[Rivers State]]
*[[Sokoto State]]
*[[Taraba State]]
*[[Yobe State]]
*[[Zamfara State]]
}}
|-
|{{Flag|Niue}}
|[[Niue Assembly]]
|-
|{{Flag|Pakistan}}
|{{plainlist|
[[Parliament of Pakistan]]
*[[File:Flag of Balochistan.svg|22x20px|border|]] [[Provincial Assembly of Balochistan]]
*[[File:Khyber Pakhtunkhwa flag.png|22x20px|border|]] [[Provincial Assembly of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa]]
*[[File:Flag of Punjab.svg|22x20px|border|]] [[Provincial Assembly of the Punjab]]
*[[File:Flag of Sindh.svg|22x20px|border|]] [[Provincial Assembly of Sindh]]
}}
|-
|{{Flag|Papua New Guinea}}
|{{plainlist|
*[[Parliament of Papua New Guinea]]
*[[File:Flag of Bougainville.svg|22x20px|border|]] [[Bougainville House of Representatives]]
}}
|-
|{{Flag|Rwanda}}
|[[Parliament of Rwanda]]
|-
|{{Flag|Samoa}}
|[[Legislative Assembly of Samoa]]
|-
|{{Flag|Seychelles}}
|[[Parliament of Seychelles]]
|-
|{{Flag|Sierra Leone}}
|[[Parliament of Sierra Leone]]
|-
|{{Flag|Singapore}}
|[[Parliament of Singapore]]
|-
|{{Flag|Solomon Islands}}
|[[National Parliament of the Solomon Islands]]
|-
|{{Flag|South Africa}}
|{{plainlist|
*[[Parliament of South Africa]]
*[[Eastern Cape Provincial Legislature]]
*[[Free State Provincial Legislature]]
*[[Gauteng Provincial Legislature]]
*[[KwaZulu-Natal Provincial Legislature]]
*[[Limpopo Provincial Legislature]]
*[[Mpumalanga Provincial Legislature]]
*[[Northern Cape Provincial Legislature]]
*[[North West Provincial Legislature]]
*[[Western Cape Provincial Parliament]]
}}
|-
|{{Flag|Sri Lanka}}
|[[Parliament of Sri Lanka]]
|-
|{{Flag|Saint Helena}}
|[[Legislative Council of Saint Helena]]
|-
|{{Flag|Saint Kitts and Nevis}}. Also known as Saint Christopher and Nevis.
|{{plainlist|
*[[National Assembly (Saint Kitts and Nevis)|National Assembly]]
*[[File:Flag of Nevis.svg|22x20px|border|]] [[Nevis Island Assembly]]
}}
|-
|{{Flag|Saint Lucia}}
|[[Parliament of Saint Lucia]]
|-
|{{Flag|Saint Vincent and the Grenadines}}
|[[House of Assembly of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines]]
|-
|{{Flag|Swaziland}}
|[[Parliament of Swaziland]]
|-
|{{Flag|Tanzania}}
|{{plainlist|
*[[Parliament of Tanzania]]
**[[File:Flag of Zanzibar.svg|22x20px|border|]] [[Zanzibar House of Representatives]]
}}
|-
|{{Flag|Tonga}}
|[[Legislative Assembly of Tonga]]
|-
|{{Flag|Trinidad and Tobago}}
|{{plainlist|
*[[Parliament of Trinidad and Tobago]]
*[[Tobago House of Assembly]]
}}
|-
|{{Flag|Turks and Caicos Islands}}
|[[Turks and Caicos Islands House of Assembly]]
|-
|{{Flag|Tuvalu}}
|[[Parliament of Tuvalu]]
|-
|{{Flag|Uganda}}
|[[Parliament of Uganda]]
|-
|{{Flag|United Kingdom}}
|{{plainlist|
*[[Parliament of the United Kingdom]]
*[[File:Flag of Scotland.svg|22x20px|border|]] [[Scottish Parliament]]
*[[File:Flag of Wales (1959–present).svg|22x20px|border|]] [[Senedd]]
*[[File:Flag of Northern Ireland Assembly.svg|22x20px|border|]] [[Northern Ireland Assembly]]
}}
|-
|{{Flag|Vanuatu}}
|[[Parliament of Vanuatu]]
|-
|{{Flag|Zambia}}
|[[Parliament of Zambia]]
|}

== Additional links ==

* The CPA Secretariat Headquarters [http://www.cpahq.org CPA HQ] – you will also find links to The Parliamentarian, the Journal of Commonwealth Parliaments, published by the CPA. [http://www.cpahq.org/cpahq/parliamentarian Link to The Parliamentarian]
* The Africa Region of the CPA [http://www.cpaafricaregion.org/ CPA Africa]
* The British Islands and Mediterranean Region and UK Branch of the CPA is based in Westminster [http://www.parliament.uk/cpauk CPA UK]
* The Canadian Region of the CPA [http://www.revparl.ca/english/region.asp CPA Canada]
* The Australia Region of the CPA [http://www.cpaaus.org/index.html CPA Australia]
* The Caribbean, Americas and Atlantic Region of the CPA [http://www.cpa-caaregion.org/ CPA CAA]
* [[American Institute of Parliamentarians]] – similar association for [[United States]].
* {{See also|Canadian Parliamentary Review}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

===Notes===
* [http://afraf.oxfordjournals.org/content/XXVII/CVII/287.extract www.oxfordjournals.org]{{dead link|date=May 2021|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}

== Official Gazettes / Hansards ==
*[[List of British colonial gazettes]]

==External links==
{{commons category}}
* {{Official website|http://www.cpahq.org}}
* [https://archives.parliament.uk/collections/getrecord/GB61_CPA UK Parliamentary Archives, Records of the Commonwealth Parliamentary Association]

{{Commonwealth of Nations topics}}
{{UK legislatures}}
{{Authority control}}
[[Category:Commonwealth Family]]
[[Category:1911 establishments in the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:International organisations based in London]]
[[Category:Organizations established in 1911]]
[[Category:Politics of Africa]]
[[Category:Politics of Asia]]

Draft:Ashok Gehlot

2021-07-09T14:03:01Z

Wandererkanishk: Wandererkanishk moved page Draft:Ashok Gehlot to Ashok Gehlot

#REDIRECT [[Ashok Gehlot]]

Ashok Gehlot

2021-07-09T14:02:54Z

Wandererkanishk: Wandererkanishk moved page Draft:Ashok Gehlot to Ashok Gehlot

{{short description|Indian politician}}
{{EngvarB|date=March 2021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2020}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Ashok Gehlot
| image = Ashok Gehlot 2012.jpg
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|3 May 1951|df=y}}<ref name=bio/><ref>{{cite news |title=अशोक गहलोत के जन्मदिन पर समर्थकों ने किया शक्ति प्रदर्शन |url=https://www.jagran.com/rajasthan/jaipur-ashok-gehlot-birthday-demonstrates-power-performance-17910792.html |access-date=2 May 2019 |work=[[Dainik Jagaran]] |date=4 May 2018 |language=hi}}</ref>
| birth_place = [[Jodhpur]], [[Rajasthan]], [[India]]<ref name=bio/>
| death_date =
| death_place =
| constituency =
| order =
| office1 = 14th [[Chief Minister of Rajasthan]]
| termstart1 = 17 December 2018
| termend = 13 July 2020
| governor1 = [[Kalyan Singh]] [[Kalraj Mishra]]
| predecessor1 = [[Vasundhara Raje]]
| term_start2 = {{start date|df=y|2008|12|13}}
| term_end2 = {{end date|df=y|2013|12|12}}
| predecessor2 = [[Vasundhara Raje]]
| successor2 = [[Vasundhara Raje]]
| term_start3 = {{start date|df=y|1998|12|1}}
| term_end3 = {{end date|df=y|2003|12|8}}
| predecessor3 = [[Bhairon Singh Shekhawat]]
| successor3 = [[Vasundhara Raje]]
| office5 = General Secretary (Organisation) of [[All India Congress Committee|AICC]]
| term_start5 = December 2017
| term_end5 = January 2019
| successor5 = [[K. C. Venugopal]]
| office6 = [[Union Minister]] of State for [[Tourism]] and [[Civil Aviation]]
| primeminister6 = [[Indira Gandhi]] / [[Rajiv Gandhi]]
| term_start6 = 31 December 1984
| term_end6 = 26 September 1985
| office7 = Deputy [[Union Minister]] for [[Sports]]
| term_start7 = 7 February 1984
| term_end7 = 31 October 1984
| primeminister7 = [[Indira Gandhi]]
| office8 = [[Union Minister]] of State (Independent Charge) for [[Textiles]]
| primeminister8 = [[P. V. Narasimha Rao]]
| term_start8 = 21 June 1991
| term_end8 = 18 January 1993
| office9 = Member of Parliament,Lok Sabha
| term_start9 = 1991
| term_end9 = 1999
| constituency9 = [[Jodhpur]]
| term_start10 = 1980
| term_end10 = 1989
| constituency10 = [[Jodhpur]]|
| office11 = [[Member of Legislative Assembly (India)|Member of Legislative Assembly]], [[Rajasthan]]
| term_start11 = 1999
| predecessor11 = Man Singh Deora
| constituency11 = [[Sardarpura]]||
| party = [[Indian National Congress]]
| spouse = Sunita Gehlot
| children = 2
}}

'''Ashok Gehlot''' (born 3 May 1951) is an Indian politician serving as the current [[Chief Minister of Rajasthan]].<ref>{{Cite news|work=India Today|date=13 July 2020|title=Sachin Pilot vs Ashok Gehlot: Your guide to Rajasthan political crisis in 10 points|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/rajasthan-political-crisis-sachin-pilot-joining-bjp-ashok-gehlot-congress-1699920-2020-07-13|access-date=13 July 2020}}</ref> He held this position from December 1998 to 2003, and from 2008 to 2013, and again from 17 December 2018.<ref name=bio>{{cite web|url=http://www.rajassembly.nic.in/AshokGehlot.htm|title=Chief Minister, Rajasthan|website=Rajassembly.nic.in|access-date=13 August 2018}}</ref>

He is former [[Indian National Congress|Congress Party]]'s national general secretary and in-charge of organisations and training from March 2018 to 23 January 2019.<ref>{{cite news |last1=PTI |title=Ashok Gehlot Appointed Congress General Secretary In-Charge For Gujarat |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/ashok-gehlot-made-congress-general-secretary-in-charge-for-gujarat-1686262 |access-date=5 March 2021 |work=NDTV |date=26 April 2017}}</ref> He represents [[Sardarpura (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Sardarpura]] constituency of Jodhpur as [[Member of Legislative Assembly]] of [[Rajasthan]].

==Personal life==
[[File:The Chief Minister of Bihar, Shri Nitish Kumar with the Chief Minister of Rajasthan, Shri Ashok Gehlot at the Chief Ministers’ Conference on Internal Security, in New Delhi on April 16, 2012.jpg|thumb|left|[[Chief Minister of Rajasthan]], Ashok Gehlot with the [[Chief Minister of Bihar]], [[Nitish Kumar]] at the Chief Ministers’ Conference on Internal Security, in New Delhi on 16 April 2012.]]
'''Ashok Gehlot''', son of Babu Laxman Singh Gehlot a magician who used to travel around the country to show his magic tricks.<ref name="Kidwai">{{cite web|url= https://thewire.in/politics/the-magician-in-rajasthan-congress|title= Ashok Gehlot: The Magician in Rajasthan Congress|website=thewire|first=Rashid|last=Kidwai|access-date=17 July 2020}}</ref> Gehlot came from a humble family background with no connection in politics. He is a science and law graduate, he also holds an MA degree in economics. He is married to Sunita Gehlot and has a son and a daughter.<ref name=bio/> His son Vaibhav Gehlot is a politician who contested in the [[Lok Sabha]] elections of 2019 from [[Jodhpur]].<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.telegraphindia.com/india/moochh-ki-ladai-gehlots-son-in-prestige-fight/cid/1689596|title=moochh-ki-ladai-gehlots-son-in-prestige-fight|first=Imran Ahmed|last =Siddiqui |quote= The biggest factor, however, remains the caste arithmetic. The BJP is banking on the support of the Rajputs, the dominant caste in Jodhpur, Brahmins and Jats. Gehlot is eyeing the OBC votes, especially the Mali community to which he belongs, as well as Muslims and SC/STs. |access-date=17 July 2020}}</ref>

He is a member of the [[Indian National Congress]] (INC) party. He was influenced by the teachings of [[Mahatma Gandhi]] at a very young age and was actively engaged in social political work even as a student. During the [[East Bengali refugees]] crisis in 1971, he served in the refugee camps in the eastern states of India. It is there when former [[Prime Minister of India|Prime Minister]] [[Indira Gandhi]] first identified his organizational skills during one of her visits to the refugee camps. Gehlot was later appointed the first State President of [[National Students' Union of India]] and successfully organised Congress's Student Wing in the state.<ref name="other posts"/> Gehlot is a staunch [[Gandhism|Gandhiite]] and he lived in [[Wardha]] to adapt his lifestyle as a Gandhiite. He eats before sunset and is a
pure [[vegetarian]] and enjoys Satvik Meals. He is also a [[Teetotalism|teetotaler]].<ref name="Kidwai"/>

==Political career==
[[File: The Chairperson, National Advisory Council, Smt. Sonia Gandhi launching the National Rural Livelihood Mission (NRLM), at Banswara, Rajasthan. The Chief Minister of Rajasthan, Shri Ashok Gehlot.jpg|thumb|left|[[Sonia Gandhi]] and Chief Minister of Rajasthan, Ashok Gehlot, launching the National Rural Livelihood Mission (NRLM), at Banswara, Rajasthan]]
He contested his first election for [[Rajasthan]] Legislative assembly in 1977 for [[Sardarpura]] constituency and lost by a margin of 4426 votes to his closest opponent Madhav Singh of the Janata Party. Gehlot had to sell his motorcycle to contest his first election.
In 1980 he contested [[Lok Sabha]] election from [[Jodhpur]] and won by a margin of 52,519 votes. In 1984 he was appointed as the [[Union Council of Ministers|Union Minister]]. In 1989 he lost the election from [[Jodhpur]].<ref name="career">{{cite web|url=https://www.elections.in/political-leaders/ashok-gehlot.html|title =Ashok gehlot :political career|website=Election.in|access-date=17 July 2020}}</ref>

When the Congress party returned to power in 1991 he was appointed as Union Minister again by then [[Prime Minister]] [[P.V. Narasimha Rao]]. He was discharged from his duty in 1993 and headed towards his home state Rajasthan to manage [[Congress]] political affairs. In 1998, Congress won a landslide victory by winning 153 out of 200 seats. Ashok Gehlot was appointed as the [[Chief Minister of Rajasthan]] for the first time.<ref name="career"/>

In 2003, Congress lost Rajasthan and won merely 56 seats. In [[2008 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election]] Congress was short of a majority by 4 seats and Gehlot who was a well-known troubleshooter in Congress was appointed as the Chief Minister to prevent instability and thus he was sworn in for the second time as Chief Minister.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.livemint.com/Politics/iQRykeSte2yOspMhwCxtAI/Congress-comes-up-tops-in-Rajasthan-with-96-seats.html |title=Congress comes up tops in Rajasthan with 96 seats |work=Mint |date=8 December 2008 |first=Ruhi |last=Tewari |access-date=17 July 2020}}</ref>
[[File:The Chief Minister of Rajasthan, Shri Ashok Gehlot meeting the Minister of State (Independent Charge) for Power, Shri Jyotiraditya Madhavrao Scindia, in New Delhi on January 08, 2013.jpg|thumb|Chief Minister of Rajasthan, Ashok Gehlot meeting the Minister of State (Independent Charge) for Power, [[Jyotiraditya Scindia]], in New Delhi on 8 January 2013.]]
In 2013, Congress suffered its worst-ever defeat by only winning 21 seats in 200 member assembly. Gehlot was then appointed as [[All India Congress Committee|AICC]] [[General Secretary]] in 2013.<ref>{{cite news |last=Parihar |first=Rohit|date=8 December 2013|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/assembly-elections-2013/rajasthan/story/rajasthan-election-bjp-win-biggest-ever-congress-loss-biggest-ever-220101-2013-12-08|title=Rajasthan: BJP's win is the biggest ever for any party, Congress's loss is the worst|website =Indiatoday|access-date=17 July 2020}}</ref> He managed Congress National Affairs.
He remained at the position till 2018 and after [[2018 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election]], when Congress returned to power he was appointed as the Chief Minister for the third time despite the strong candidacy of [[Sachin Pilot]] due to his role in the revival of Congress after its worst-ever defeat in Legislative Elections. Ashok Gehlot was appointed due to his experience in administration. He is also known as a tough administrator.
[[Sachin Pilot]] was appointed as [[Deputy Chief Minister]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Ashok Gehlot sworn in as Rajasthan chief minister, Sachin Pilot as deputy CM |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/ashok-gehlot-sworn-in-as-rajasthan-chief-minister-sachin-pilot-as-deputy-cm/articleshow/67123915.cms |work=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=11 March 2020 |date=17 December 2018}}</ref>

On 14 July 2020, [[Sachin Pilot]] was sacked from his Cabinet and [[Pradesh Congress Committee|PCC]] President of Rajasthan due to enmity between the ranks of the Congress Party in Rajasthan.

==Positions held==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Year !! Position<ref>{{cite news|last=Goswami|first=Rakesh|date=14 December 2018|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/ashok-gehlot-the-low-profile-leader-emerges-front-runner/story-tgEpu6RV9G8RbfVDOaANjO.html|title=Ashok Gehlot: The low-profile leader who plays political magic|work=HindustanTimes|access-date=17 July 2020}}</ref>

|-
| 1980–84 || Elected to the [[7th Lok Sabha]]
* Member – Public Accounts Committee {{small|1980–82}}
* Deputy Minister for Tourism {{small|1982–84}}
* Deputy Minister for Civil Aviation {{small|1982–83}}
* Deputy Minister for Sports {{small|1984–84}}
|-
| 1984–89 || Elected to the [[8th Lok Sabha]]
* Deputy Minister for Tourism {{small|1984–85}}
* Deputy Minister for Civil Aviation {{small|1984–85}}
|-
| 1991–96 || Elected to the [[10th Lok Sabha]]
* Minister of State {{small|''(Independent Charge)''}} for Textiles {{small|1991–93}}
* Member – Consultative Committee on Communication {{small|1991–96}}
* Member – Standing Committee on Railway {{small|1991–96}}
|-
| 1996–98 || Elected to the [[11th Lok Sabha]]
* Member – Standing Committee on Railway {{small|1996–98}}
* Member – Consultative Committee on Communication {{small|1996–98}}
|-
| 1998–99 || Elected to the [[12th Lok Sabha]]
|-
| 1999–2003 || Member, Eleventh Rajasthan Legislative Assembly (Elected in by-election)
* Chief Minister, Rajasthan
|-
| 2003–08 || Member, Twelfth Rajasthan Legislative Assembly
|-
| 2008–13 || Member, Thirteenth Rajasthan Legislative Assembly
* Chief Minister, Rajasthan
|-
| 2013–18 || Member, Fourteenth Rajasthan Legislative Assembly
|-
| 2018–Cont. || Member, Fifteenth Rajasthan Legislative Assembly
* Chief Minister, Rajasthan
|-
|}

=== Other positions held ===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Year !! Position<ref name="other posts">{{cite news |last1=PTI |title=Ashok Gehlot-the man who rose from the ashes |url=https://m.rediff.com/news/2008/dec/11ashok-gehlot-is-new-cm-of-rajasthan.htm |access-date=19 February 2021 |work=Rediff |date=11 December 2008 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| 1974–79 || President, Rajasthan NSUI
|-
| 1979–82 || President, City District Congress Committee, Jodhpur
|-
| 1982 || General Secretary, Rajasthan Pradesh Congress Committee
|-
| 1985–89
| rowspan="3" | President, [[Rajasthan Pradesh Congress Committee]]
|-
| 1994–97
|-
| 1997–99
|-
| 2004–08 || General Secretary, [[All India Congress Committee]]
|-
| 2017–2019
|General Secretary, [[All India Congress Committee]]
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{twitter.com|ashokgehlot51}}
* [http://www.rediff.com/election/1999/aug/30gehlot.htm Interview to rediff.com in 1999]

{{s-start}}
{{s-par|in-lwr}}
{{s-bef|before=[[R D Gattani]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=Member of Parliament for [[Jodhpur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Jodhpur]] |years=1980–1989}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Jaswant Singh]]}}
|-
{{s-bef|before=[[Jaswant Singh]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=Member of Parliament for [[Jodhpur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Jodhpur]] |years=1991–1999}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Jaswant Singh Bishnoi]]}}
|-
{{s-off}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Bhairon Singh Shekhawat]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Chief Minister of Rajasthan]]|years=1 December 1998 – 8 December 2003}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Vasundhara Raje Scindia]]}}
|-
{{s-bef|before=[[Vasundhara Raje Scindia]] }}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Chief Minister of Rajasthan]]|years=12 December 2008 – 13 December 2013}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Vasundhara Raje Scindia]] }}
|-
{{s-bef|before=[[Vasundhara Raje Scindia]] }}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Chief Minister of Rajasthan]]|years=17 December 2018 – present}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Incumbent]]}}
{{s-end}}

{{Indian National Congress}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Gehlot, Ashok}}
[[Category:1951 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Chief Ministers of Rajasthan]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians]]
[[Category:People from Jodhpur]]
[[Category:Rajasthani people]]
[[Category:Rajasthani politicians]]
[[Category:7th Lok Sabha members]]
[[Category:8th Lok Sabha members]]
[[Category:10th Lok Sabha members]]
[[Category:11th Lok Sabha members]]
[[Category:12th Lok Sabha members]]
[[Category:Finance Ministers of Rajasthan]]
[[Category:Lok Sabha members from Rajasthan]]
[[Category:Chief ministers from Indian National Congress]]

Draft:Laxmangarh

2021-07-09T14:02:17Z

Wandererkanishk: Wandererkanishk moved page Draft:Laxmangarh to Laxmangarh

#REDIRECT [[Laxmangarh]]

Laxmangarh

2021-07-09T14:02:11Z

Wandererkanishk: Wandererkanishk moved page Draft:Laxmangarh to Laxmangarh

{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2019}} 
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Laxmangarh
| native_name = 
| native_name_lang =
| other_name = Lachhmangarh, Lichhamgarh
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Town
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Rajasthan
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Rajasthan, India
| coordinates = {{coord|27.8225|N|75.025278|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Rajasthan]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Sikar district|Sikar]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder = Maharaja Lachhman Singh
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 424.24
| population_total = 41908
| population_as_of = 2021
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi language|Shekhawati]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 332311
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| area_code = 91-1573
| registration_plate = RJ-23
| website =
| footnotes =
| official_name =
}}

'''Laxmangarh''' is a town in [[Sikar district]] of [[Rajasthan]] [[states of India|state]] in [[India]]. It is the sub-divisional [[headquarters]] of the Laxmangarh sub-division in Sikar district. It is also the [[Tehsil]] headquarters of the '''Laxmangarh''' Tehsil. It is situated on National Highway-52 at a distance of 30 km from Sikar in north.

==Geography==
Laxmangarh is located at {{Coord|27.8225|N|75.025278|E|}}.<ref>[http://www.fallingrain.com/world/IN/24/Laxmangarh.html Falling Rain Genomics, Inc - Laxmangarh]{{dead link|date=December 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> It has an average elevation of 222 metres (728 ft). The Laxmangarh Fort is the best monument of the town.

==Demographics==
As of 2011 India [[census]] Laxmangarh had a population of 41253. Males constitute 51.26% (41098) of the population and females 48.74% (40155). Laxmangarh has an average literacy rate of 72.70%, which is lower than the national average of 74.04%; male literacy is 83.74% and female literacy is 61.24%. In Laxmangarh, 13.85% (7394) of the population is younger than 6 years old.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{commons category|Laxmangarh}}
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20121005161012/http://sikar.nic.in/ Sikar district]

{{Sikar district}}

[[Category:Cities and towns in Sikar district]]
[[Category:Populated places established in 1864]]

Draft:Sachin Pilot

2021-07-09T14:02:04Z

Wandererkanishk: Wandererkanishk moved page Draft:Sachin Pilot to Sachin Pilot

#REDIRECT [[Sachin Pilot]]

Sachin Pilot

2021-07-09T14:01:56Z

Wandererkanishk: Wandererkanishk moved page Draft:Sachin Pilot to Sachin Pilot

{{short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2015}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Sachin Pilot
| honorific-prefix =
| image = Sachin Pilot at the India Economic Summit 2010 cropped.jpg
| imagesize = 250px
| caption = Pilot at the [[World Economic Forum]]'s India Economic Summit, 2010
| birth_name = Sachin Rajesh Pilot
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1977|9|7|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Saharanpur]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], India
| office = [[Rajasthan Legislative Assembly|Member of Rajasthan Legislative Assembly]]
| term_start = 17 December 2018
| term_end =
| predecessor = [[Ajit Singh Mehta]]
| successor =
| constituency = [[Tonk (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Tonk]]
| office1 = 5th [[List of Deputy Chief Ministers of Rajasthan|Deputy Chief Minister of Rajasthan]]
| term_start1 = 17 December 2018
| term_end1 = 14 July 2020
| governor1 = [[Kalyan Singh]] [[Kalraj Mishra]]
| 1blankname1 = [[Chief Minister of Rajasthan|Chief Minister]]
| 1namedata1 = [[Ashok Gehlot]]
| predecessor1 = [[Kamla Beniwal]] {{small|(2003)}}
| office2 = President of the [[Rajasthan Pradesh Congress Committee]]
| term_start2 = 13 January 2014
| term_end2 = 14 July 2020
| 1blankname2 = National President
| 1namedata2 = [[Sonia Gandhi]] [[Rahul Gandhi]]
| predecessor2 = [[C. P. Joshi]]
| successor2 = [[Govind Singh Dotasra]]
| office3 = [[Ministry of Corporate Affairs|Minister of State (Independent Charge), Ministry of Corporate Affairs]]
| primeminister3 = [[Manmohan Singh]]
| term_start3 = 29 October 2012
| term_end3 = 24 May 2014
| predecessor3 = [[Veerappa Moily]]
| successor3 = [[Arun Jaitley]]
| office4 = [[Ministry of Communications and Information Technology (India)|Minister of State, Ministry of Communications and Information Technology]]
| primeminister4 = [[Manmohan Singh]]
| term_start4 = 28 May 2009
| term_end4 = 28 October 2012
| office5 = [[Member of Parliament]], [[Lok Sabha]]
| constituency5 = [[Ajmer (Lok Sabha constituency)|Ajmer]]
| predecessor5 = [[Rasa Singh Rawat]]
| successor5 = [[Sanwar Lal Jat]]
| term_start5 = 16 May 2009
| term_end5 = 16 May 2014
| constituency6 = [[Dausa (Lok Sabha constituency)|Dausa]]
| predecessor6 = [[Rama Pilot]]
| successor6 = [[Kirodi Lal Meena]]
| term_start6 = 17 May 2004
| term_end6 = 16 May 2009
| party = [[Indian National Congress]]
| nationality = {{flagicon|India}} [[Indian People|Indian]]
| spouse = {{Marriage|Sara Pilot|2004}}
| parents = [[Rajesh Pilot]]
(father) [[Rama Pilot]] (mother)
| children = 2
| relatives = {{unbulleted list|[[Farooq Abdullah]] {{small|(father-in-law)}}|[[Omar Abdullah]] {{small|(brother-in-law)}}}}
| profession =
| alma_mater = [[St. Stephen's College, Delhi|St. Stephens College]], [[University of Delhi]] ([[Bachelor of Arts|BA]]) [[Institute of Management Technology, Ghaziabad|I.M.T. Ghaziabad]] ([[PGDM]]) 
[[University of Pennsylvania]] ([[MBA]])
| office 4 =
}}

[[Lieutenant]] '''Sachin Pilot ''' (born 7 September 1977) is an Indian politician who was the Deputy Chief Minister of [[Rajasthan]] and also President of the [[Rajasthan Pradesh Congress Committee]].<ref name="7bBzl">{{cite web | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/congress-sacks-sachin-pilot-as-rajasthan-deputy-cm-pcc-chief/articleshow/76956728.cms | title=Congress sacks Sachin Pilot as Rajasthan deputy CM, PCC chief | work=[[The Times of India]] | date=14 July 2020 | access-date=14 July 2020}}</ref><ref name="JIRzN">{{cite news|url= https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/rajasthan-crisis-second-congress-crisis-meet-today-no-rsvp-from-sachin-pilot-10-points-2262280 |title= The End Nears. Sachin Pilot Is Now Ex Deputy Chief Minister|website=NDTV}}</ref> As Member of the [[Indian National Congress|Congress party]], he has represented the [[Tonk (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Tonk]] assembly seat in Rajasthan since 2018. Sachin became the youngest citizen of India to become [[Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha|Member of Parliament]].<ref name="90mU5">{{Cite web|date=2020-08-19|title=On maiden visit to Tonk after his rebellion, Pilot wants Congress workers to be rewarded|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/on-maiden-visit-to-tonk-after-his-rebellion-pilot-wants-congress-workers-to-be-rewarded/story-3EEiGUxZ9nmEkCB8afuyaI.html|access-date=2020-09-02|website=Hindustan Times|language=en}}</ref>

Pilot was previously a member of the [[Lok Sabha|Indian Parliament]] for the [[Ajmer (Lok Sabha constituency)|Ajmer]] in 2009 and [[Dausa (Lok Sabha constituency)|Dausa]] constituencies of Rajasthan, becoming the youngest member of parliament when he was elected from the latter seat in 2004, aged 26. He lost Lok Sabha election from Ajmer constituency in 2014.<ref name="5Qqpp">{{Cite web|title=Rajasthan Election Result 2018 Highlights: Ashok Gehlot Named Chief Minister, Sachin Pilot Will Be Deputy CM|url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/india/rajasthan-election-result-2018-highlights-ashok-gehlot-named-chief-minister-sachin-pilot-will-be-deputy-cm-3272111.html|access-date=2021-07-07|website=Moneycontrol|language=en}}</ref> He served as the [[Ministry of Corporate Affairs (India)|Minister of Corporate Affairs]] in the [[second Manmohan Singh Ministry]].

== Early life ==
Pilot was born to late Congress leader [[Rajesh Pilot]] and [[Rama Pilot]]. His father was a Union minister of India. His ancestral village is Vaidpura in [[Noida]] [[Uttar Pradesh]].<ref name="76M5F">{{cite web|url=https://www.rediff.com/news/report/sachin-pilot-appointed-rajasthan-congress-chief/20140113.html|title= Sachin Pilot - Rediff.com|website=www.rediff.com|access-date=2019-11-05}}</ref>

He studied at [[Air Force Bal Bharati School]], New Delhi, and holds a B.A. from [[St. Stephen's College, Delhi|St. Stephens College]], University of Delhi, a diploma in marketing from [[Institute of Management Technology, Ghaziabad|I.M.T. Ghaziabad]] and an MBA from the [[Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania]], Philadelphia, USA.<ref name="dmD1O">{{cite web | url=http://164.100.47.132/Lssnew/Members/Biography.aspx?mpsno=4058 | title=Fifteenth Lok Sabha Members Bioprofile - Sachin Pilot | publisher=loksabha.nic | access-date=1 December 2013}}</ref><ref name="L19J1">{{cite web | url=http://myneta.info/ls2009/candidate.php?candidate_id=5847 | title=Lok Sabha 2009 Winner -Ajmer (RAJASTHAN): Sachin Pilot | publisher=myneta.info | access-date=1 December 2013}}</ref> He was employed with the Delhi Bureau of the [[British Broadcasting Corporation]], and then with American multinational corporation [[General Motors]] for two years.

== Electoral history ==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! colspan = "6" | Electoral History
|-
! Election
! colspan = "2" |Party
! House
! Constituency
! Status
|-
| [[2004 Indian general election|2004]]
| rowspan = "3" style="background-color: {{Indian National Congress/meta/color}}"|
| rowspan = "3" |[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
| rowspan = "3" |[[Lok Sabha]]
| rowspan = "1" |[[Dausa (Lok Sabha constituency)|Dausa]]
| rowspan = "1" |'''{{color|green|Won}}'''
|-
| [[2009 Indian general election|2009]]
| rowspan = "2" |[[Ajmer (Lok Sabha constituency)|Ajmer]]
| rowspan = "1" |'''{{color|green|Won}}'''
|-
| [[2014 Indian general election|2014]]
|'''{{color|red|Lost}}'''
|-
| [[2018 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|2018]]
| style="background-color: {{Indian National Congress/meta/color}}"|
| [[Indian National Congress|INC]]
| [[Rajasthan Legislative Assembly]]
| [[Tonk (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Tonk]]
| '''{{color|green|Won}}'''
|}

== Career ==
[[File:The_President_of_Republic_of_Malawi,_Ngwazi_Prof._Bingu_wa_Mutharika_being_received_by_the_Minister_of_State_for_Communications_and_Information_Technology,_Shri_Sachin_Pilot,_at_Air_Force_Station,_Palam,_in_New_Delhi.jpg|alt=|left|thumb|Pilot receives the [[President of Malawi]] [[Bingu wa Mutharika]] in New Delhi, {{Circa|2010}}.]]

In the [[2004 Indian general election|2004 Lok Sabha elections]], Pilot was elected from the [[Dausa (Lok Sabha constituency)|Dausa]] constituency. At the age of 26, he became the youngest MP in India.<ref name="IjnBrew" />

In the [[2009 Indian general election|2009 Lok Sabha elections]], he defeated the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]'s [[Kiran Maheshwari]] by a margin of 76,596 votes and won the seat of [[Ajmer]].

Pilot was a member of the [[Lok Sabha]]'s Standing Committee on Home Affairs and member of the Consultative Committee in the Ministry of Civil Aviation.
In 2012, he became the [[Ministry of Corporate Affairs|Minister of Corporate Affairs]] in the [[second Manmohan Singh ministry]].

In the 2014 Lok Sabha elections, he was again nominated from the Ajmer constituency and was defeated by a margin of 1,71,983 votes by [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]'s sitting MLA Sanwarlal Jat.

In 2014, he was appointed the President of the [[Rajasthan Pradesh Congress Committee]].<ref name="IjnBrew">{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/national/sachin-the-pilot-who-helped-drive-cong-to-victory-in-rajasthan/article25718675.ece|title=Sachin: The pilot who helped drive Cong to victory in Rajasthan|last=PTI|date=December 11, 2018|website=The Hindu Business Line|language=en|access-date=2020-03-09}}</ref>

== Deputy Chief Minister of Rajasthan ==

=== Early times ===
In the [[2018 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|2018 Legislative Assembly]] elections, Pilot won from the [[Tonk (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Tonk]] seat, after defeating [[Yunus Khan (politician)|Yunus Khan]] by a margin of 54,179 votes.<ref name="jIk9L">{{cite web|url=https://www.huffingtonpost.in/2018/12/11/rajasthan-elections-sachin-pilot-wins-tonk-by-over-54-000-votes_a_23615020/|title=Rajasthan Elections: Sachin Pilot Wins Tonk By Over 54,000 Votes|date=11 December 2018|publisher=Huffington Post|access-date=12 December 2018}}</ref> It was speculated that Pilot, who was considered instrumental in the Congress's victory in the state,<ref name="IjnBrew" /> would be given the post of chief minister.<ref name="2vWEZ">{{Cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/elections/assembly-elections/rajasthan-assembly-elections/congress-picks-ashok-gehlot-as-rajasthan-cm-sachin-pilot-as-deputy-cm/articleshow/67060422.cms|title=Congress picks Ashok Gehlot as Rajasthan CM, Sachin Pilot as Deputy CM|date=2018-12-15|work=The Economic Times|access-date=2020-03-09}}</ref><ref name="D6Kko">{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/story/ashok-gehlot-rajasthan-cm-sachin-pilot-1409472-2018-12-14|title=Good evening, Rajasthan. This is your pilot Ashok Gehlot. With me is my co-pilot Sachin |date=15 December 2018|website=India Today|language=en|access-date=2020-03-09}}</ref> On 17 December 2018, he was sworn in as [[List of deputy chief ministers of Rajasthan|Deputy chief Minister of Rajasthan]] under [[Ashok Gehlot]].<ref name="xZF8P">{{cite web |title=Ashok Gehlot sworn in as Rajasthan chief minister, Sachin Pilot as deputy CM |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/ashok-gehlot-sworn-in-as-rajasthan-chief-minister-sachin-pilot-as-deputy-cm/articleshow/67123915.cms |work=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=11 March 2020 |date=17 December 2018}}</ref>

=== 2020 Political crisis ===
{{see also|2020 Rajasthan political crisis}}

On 13 July 2020, Pilot's office issued a statement saying that the government of chief minister [[Ashok Gehlot]] was in a minority.<ref name="231SF">{{cite news |title=Sachin Pilot revolts, says Gehlot govt in minority; Dy CM claims support of 30 MLAs|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/desert-storm-sachin-pilot-revolts-says-gehlot-govt-in-minority-dy-cm-claims-support-of-30-mlas/articleshow/76930275.cms|work=Times of India |date=13 July 2020 |language=en}}</ref> An aide of Pilot's indicated that he would not be joining the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]].<ref name="I5qtc">{{cite news |title=Sachin Pilot not joining BJP, says his aide amid turmoil in Rajasthan Congress |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/sachin-pilot-not-joining-bjp-says-his-aide-amid-turmoil-in-rajasthan-congress/story-SonvuUZQWKNraaRKNfIchL.html |work=Hindustan Times |date=13 July 2020 |language=en}}</ref>

The [[Indian National Congress]] on 14 July 2020, sacked Sachin Pilot as the [[List of deputy chief ministers of Rajasthan|Deputy Chief Minister]] and [[Rajasthan Pradesh Congress Committee|Rajasthan Congress]] President for his revolt against the party and its leadership.<ref name="lJUTX">{{cite news|url= https://www.news18.com/news/politics/rajasthan-crisis-live-updates-sachin-pilot-likely-to-skip-another-meet-today-releases-video-of-16-mlas-in-support-2714827.html |title= Sachin Pilot Sacked as Deputy CM, State Congress Chief After Revolt; Ashok Gehlot Meets Governor|website=News18}}</ref>

After his revolt there was speculation that he would join the BJP, like his former colleague [[Jyotiraditya Scindia]], but on 15 July 2020 he rejected the rumours and stated: "I am still a member of the Congress party".<ref name="UjkEF">{{cite news|url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/sachin-pilot-to-ndtv-i-am-not-joining-bjp-have-to-decide-on-future-course-of-action-2262944 |title="Not Joining BJP, Attempt To Malign Me Before Gandhis": Sachin Pilot |website=[[NDTV]]}}</ref>

The Rajasthan Speaker, [[C.P. Joshi]], issued notices to 19 dissident [[Indian National Congress|Congress]] MLAs including Sachin Pilot on 14 July 2020 after the [[Rajasthan Congress]] passed a resolution that they be disqualified from the state Assembly as they had defied a party whip to attend two Congress Legislature Party meetings.<ref name="G62y7">{{cite news|url= https://www.indiatoday.in/news-analysis/story/rajasthan-ashok-gehlot-disqualification-sachin-pilot-dissent-congress-1701491-2020-07-17|title= Gehlot guns for disqualification, Pilot says dissent: A look at precedence|website=India Today}}</ref><ref name="4mO6H">{{cite news|url= https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/politics/170720/rajasthan-political-crisis-sachin-pilot-takes-congress-to-court-over-d.html |title= Rajasthan political crisis:Sachin Pilot takes Congress to court over disqualification}}</ref> Pilot challenged this notice in the [[Rajasthan High Court]] on 17 July 2020. The High Court asked the Speaker to defer action on disqualification notices till 21 July 2020.<ref name="tPdiG">{{cite news|url= https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/rajasthan-hc-asks-speaker-to-defer-action-on-disqualification-notices-till-july-21/article32114656.ece|title= High Court asks Speaker to defer action on disqualification notices till July 21|website= The Hindi}}</ref>

== Personal life ==
Sachin Pilot married Sara Abdullah on 15 January 2004. Sara Abdullah is the daughter of [[Farooq Abdullah]], chairman of [[Jammu & Kashmir National Conference]] and ex-[[Chief Minister of Jammu and Kashmir]].<ref name="0q7Jd">{{cite web|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/lifestyle/report-i-don-t-take-advantage-of-my-surname-sara-pilot-1414232|title=I don't take advantage of my surname: Sara Pilot|author=Ismat Tahseen|date=25 July 2010|publisher=DNAindia.com|access-date=3 March 2014}}</ref> Together they have two sons, Aaran and Vehaan.<ref name="NXKz9">{{cite web|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2009-04-16/jaipur/28022235_1_sachin-pilot-bank-accounts-wife-and-son|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131208132359/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2009-04-16/jaipur/28022235_1_sachin-pilot-bank-accounts-wife-and-son|url-status=dead|archive-date=8 December 2013|website=[[The Times of India]]|title=Sachin Pilot shows assets worth Rs 4.5 crore|access-date=8 July 2017}}</ref><ref name="5aPOl">{{cite web|url=http://photogallery.indiatimes.com/events/delhi/a-football-match-by-cequin/articleshow/10869309.cms|title=A Football match by Cequin|website=photogallery.IndiaTimes.com|access-date=8 July 2017}}</ref><ref name="Gy145">[http://specials.rediff.com/getahead/2008/nov/06slide5.htm Sarah Abdullah and Sachin Pilot] .(2008-11-06). Retrieved on 5 April 2012.</ref>

His father, [[Rajesh Pilot]] was also member of parliament and was also union minister.

==Army service==
Sachin Pilot on 6 September 2012 became the first Union minister of India to be commissioned as an officer in the [[Territorial Army (India)]], fulfilling his desire to follow his father's footsteps to be in the armed forces. He is therefore known as Lieutenant Pilot for being an officer in the [[Territorial Army (India)]].
<ref name="dnaindia.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report_sachin-pilot-commissioned-as-territorial-army-officer_1737552|title=Sachin Pilot commissioned as Territorial Army officer - Latest News & Updates at Daily News & Analysis|date=6 September 2012|website=DNAIndia.com|access-date=8 July 2017}}</ref> After being commissioned he said, "This has been my desire to join the army for very long as I wanted to have my links with the armed forces, like my father and grandfather. I am honoured to be part of this family."<ref name="dnaindia.com" />

==Books published==
* ''Rajesh Pilot: In Spirit Forever'', co-authored with sister Sarika Pilot.<ref name="TsjHF">{{Cite web|last=Jan 18|first=TNN {{!}}|last2=2003|last3=Ist|first3=17:53|title=Pilot takes off - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/pilot-takes-off/articleshow/34775445.cms|access-date=2021-02-27|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref>

==References==
<references />

==External links==
{{Portal|Biography|Politics|India
}}
* [http://loksabhaph.nic.in/Members/memberbioprofile.aspx?mpsno=4058&lastls=15] profile on [[Lok Sabha]] site
* {{Facebook|SachinPilot|Sachin Pilot}}
* {{Instagram|SachinPilot|Sachin Pilot}}
* {{Twitter|SachinPilot|Sachin Pilot}}

{{s-start}}
{{s-gov}}
{{s-bef
| before = [[Veerappa Moily]]
}}
{{s-ttl
| title = [[Ministry of Corporate Affairs|Minister of Corporate Affairs]] Minister of State (Independent charge)
| years = 29 October 2012 to 26 May 2014
}}
{{s-aft
| after = [[Arun Jaitley]]
}}
|-
{{s-bef
| before = [[Veerappa Moily]]
}}
{{s-ttl
| title = [[Ministry of Communications and Information Technology (India)|Ministry of Communications and Information Technology]] Minister of State
| years = 28 May 2009 to 28 October 2012
}}
{{s-aft
| after =
}}
|-
{{s-par|in-lwr}}
{{s-bef
| before = [[Rasa Singh Rawat]]
}}
{{s-ttl
| title = Member of Parliament for [[Ajmer (Lok Sabha constituency)|Ajmer]]
| years = 16 May 2009 to 16 May 2014
}}
{{s-aft
| after = [[Sanwar Lal Jat]]
}}
|-
{{s-bef
| before = [[Rama Pilot]]
}}
{{s-ttl
| title = Member of Parliament for [[Dausa (Lok Sabha constituency)|Dausa]]
| years = 17 May 2004 to 16 May 2009
}}
{{s-aft
| after = [[Kirodi Lal Meena]]
}}
{{s-end}}

{{Cabinet of Manmohan Singh}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Pilot, Sachin}}
[[Category:1977 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:St. Stephen's College, Delhi alumni]]
[[Category:University of Delhi alumni]]
[[Category:Institute of Management Technology, Ghaziabad alumni]]
[[Category:University of Pennsylvania alumni]]
[[Category:Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania alumni]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Rajasthan]]
[[Category:Rajasthani politicians]]
[[Category:Rajasthan MLAs 2018–]]
[[Category:14th Lok Sabha members]]
[[Category:15th Lok Sabha members]]
[[Category:Lok Sabha members from Rajasthan]]
[[Category:Union ministers of state of India with independent charge]]
[[Category:United Progressive Alliance candidates in the 2014 Indian general election]]
[[Category:People from Saharanpur]]
[[Category:People from Dausa district]]
[[Category:Deputy chief ministers of Rajasthan]]
[[Category:Ministers for Corporate Affairs]]
[[Category:Indian Hindus]]

Draft:Rajasthan Pradesh Congress Committee

2021-07-09T13:58:05Z

Wandererkanishk: Wandererkanishk moved page Draft:Rajasthan Pradesh Congress Committee to Rajasthan Pradesh Congress Committee

#REDIRECT [[Rajasthan Pradesh Congress Committee]]

Rajasthan Pradesh Congress Committee

2021-07-09T13:57:59Z

Wandererkanishk: Wandererkanishk moved page Draft:Rajasthan Pradesh Congress Committee to Rajasthan Pradesh Congress Committee

{{short description|Indian state-level political party}}
{{Infobox Indian Political Party
|colorcode = {{Indian National Congress/meta/color}}
| party_name = Rajasthan Pradesh Congress Committee
| native_name =
| party_logo =
| president= [[Govind Singh Dotasra]]
| ppchairman = [[Ashok Gehlot]]
| headquarters = Indira Gandhi Bhawan, Chandpol, [[Jaipur]]-302001, [[Rajasthan]]
| alliance = [[United Progressive Alliance]]
| ideology = {{ubl|[[Populism]]|[[Social liberalism]]|[[Democratic socialism]]|[[Social democracy]]|[[Secularism]]}}
|youth = Rajasthan Youth Congress
|women = Rajasthan Pradesh Mahila Congress Committee
| loksabha_seats = {{Composition bar|0|25|hex=#00BFFF}}
| rajyasabha_seats = {{Composition bar|3|10|hex=#00BFFF}}
| state_seats_name = [[Rajasthan Legislative Assembly]]
| state_seats= {{Composition bar|107|200|hex=#00BFFF}}
| website = http://www.rajasthanpcc.com/
|symbol=[[File:Hand_INC.svg|150px]]
}}
{{Indian National Congress sidebar}}
'''Rajasthan Pradesh Congress Committee''' (RPCC) is the [[Pradesh Congress Committee]] (state wing) of the [[Indian National Congress]] (INC) serving in the state of [[Rajasthan]].<ref>[http://www.aicc.org.in/new/congress-in-states.php Congress in States] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130218214904/http://www.aicc.org.in/new/congress-in-states.php |date=18 February 2013 }} [[All India Congress Committee]] website.</ref>

== List of presidents ==
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Year
!President
|-
|1985–1989
|[[Ashok Gehlot]]
|-
|1994-1997
|[[Ashok Gehlot]]
|-
|1997–1999
|[[Ashok Gehlot]]
|-
|2003-2005
|[[C. P. Joshi]]
|-
|2005-?
|[[B. D. Kalla]]
|-
|2014-2020
|[[Sachin Pilot]]
|-
|2020-Present
|[[Govind Singh Dotasra]]
|-
|}

==List of chief ministers of Rajasthan from Indian National Congress==
{{main|List of chief ministers of Rajasthan}}
Following is the list of the chief ministers of Rajasthan from [[Indian National Congress]]:

{| class="sortable" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: 2px #000000 solid; font-size: x-big; width="70%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2" border="1"
|-
! rowspan ="2" style="background-color:#00BFFF; color:white" | No.
! rowspan ="2" style="background-color:#00BFFF; color:white" | Chief ministers
! rowspan ="2" style="background-color:#00BFFF; color:white" | Portrait
! Colspan="3" style="background-color:#00BFFF; color:white" | Term in office
! rowspan ="2" style="background-color:#00BFFF; color:white" | Assembly
! rowspan ="2" style="background-color:#00BFFF; color:white" | Constituency
|-
! style="background-color:#00BFFF; color:white" | Start
! style="background-color:#00BFFF; color:white" | End
! style="background-color:#00BFFF; color:white" | Tenure
|-
|- style="vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;"
| rowspan="1" |1
| rowspan="1" |[[Heera Lal Shastri]]
| rowspan="1" |[[File:Hiralal Shastri 1976 stamp of India.jpg|thumb|136x136px]]
| 7 April 1949
| 5 January 1951
| rowspan ="1" |1 years, 273 days
| rowspan="1" |Interim Assembly
| rowspan ="1" |
|- style="vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;"
||
|- style="vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;"
| rowspan="1" |2
| rowspan="1" |[[C. S. Venkatachari]]
| rowspan="1" |
| rowspan="1" |6 January 1951
| rowspan="1" |25 April 1951
| rowspan ="1" | 109 days
|Interim Assembly
| rowspan ="1" |
|- style="vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;"
|
|- style="vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;"
| rowspan="2" |3
| rowspan="2" |[[Jai Narayan Vyas]]
| rowspan="2" |[[File:Jai Narayan Vyas 1974 stamp of India.jpg|thumb|136x136px]]
| rowspan="1" |26 April 1951
| rowspan="1" |3 March 1952
| rowspan ="2" | 2 years, 323 days
| rowspan="1" |1st Assembly
| rowspan ="2" |Kishangarh
|- style="vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;"
| rowspan="1" |1 November 1952
| rowspan="1" |12 November 1954
| rowspan="1" |2nd Assembly
|- style="vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;"
|
|- style="vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;"
| rowspan="1" |4
| rowspan="1" |[[Tika Ram Paliwal]]
| rowspan="1" |
| rowspan="1" |3 March 1952
| rowspan="1" |31 October 1952
| rowspan ="1" | 242 days
| rowspan="1" |1st Assembly
| rowspan ="1" |Mahuwa
|- style="vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;"
|
|- style="vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;"
| rowspan="2" |5
| rowspan="2" |[[Mohan Lal Sukhadia]]
| rowspan="2" |[[File:Mohan Lal Sukhadia 1988 stamp of India.jpg|thumb|146x146px]]
| rowspan="1" |13 November 1954
| rowspan="1" |13 March 1967
| rowspan ="2" | 16 years, 194 days
| rowspan="1" |1st ,2nd ,3rd Assembly
| rowspan ="2" |Udaipur
|- style="vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;"
| rowspan="1" |26 April 1967
| rowspan="1" |9 July 1971
| rowspan="1" |4th Assembly
|- style="vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;"
|
|- style="vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;"
| rowspan="1" |6
| rowspan="1" |[[Barkatullah Khan]]
| rowspan="1" |
| rowspan="1" |9 July 1971
| rowspan="1" |11 October 1973
| rowspan ="1" | 2 years, 94 days
| rowspan="1" |5th Assembly
| rowspan ="1" |Tijara
|- style="vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;"
|
|- style="vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;"
| rowspan="3" |7
| rowspan="3" |[[Hari Dev Joshi]]
| rowspan="3" |
| rowspan="1" |11 October 1973
| rowspan="1" |29 April 1977
| rowspan ="3" | 6 years, 241 days
| rowspan="1" |5th Assembly
| rowspan ="3" |Banswara
|- style="vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;"
| rowspan="1" |10 March 1985
| rowspan="1" |20 January 1988
| rowspan="2" |8th Assembly
|- style="vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;"
| rowspan="1" |4 December 1989
| rowspan="1" |4 March 1990
|- style="vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;"
|
|- style="vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;"
| rowspan="1" |8
| rowspan="1" |[[Jagannath Pahadia]]
| rowspan="1" |[[File:Jagannath Pahadia.jpg|thumb|127x127px]]
| rowspan="1" |6 June 1980
| rowspan="1" |13 July 1981
| rowspan ="1" | 1 year, 37 days
| rowspan="1" |7th Assembly
| rowspan ="1" |Weir
|- style="vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;"
|
|- style="vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;"
| rowspan="2" |9
| rowspan="2" |[[Shiv Charan Mathur]]
| rowspan="2" |
| rowspan="1" |14 July 1981
| rowspan="1" |23 February 1985
| rowspan ="2" | 5 years, 177 days
| rowspan="1" |7th Assembly
| rowspan ="2" |Mandalgarh
|- style="vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;"
| rowspan="1" |20 January 1988
| rowspan="1" |4 December 1989
| rowspan="1" |8th Assembly
|- style="vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;"
|
|- style="vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;"
| rowspan="1" |10
| rowspan="1" |[[Hira Lal Devpura]]
| rowspan="1" |
| rowspan="1" |23 February 1985
| rowspan="1" |10 March 1985
| rowspan ="1" | 15 days
| rowspan="1" |8th Assembly
| rowspan ="1" |Kumbhalgarh
|- style="vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;"
|
|- style="vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;"
| rowspan="3" |11
| rowspan="3" |[[Ashok Gehlot]]
| rowspan="3" |[[File:Mr. Ashok Gehlot, Chief Minister, Rajasthan. India.JPG|center|thumb|136x136px]]
| 1 December 1998
| 8 December 2003
| rowspan ="2" | 10 years, 8 days
| rowspan="1" |11th Assembly
| rowspan ="3" |[[Sardarpura (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Sardarpura]]
|- style="vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;"
| rowspan="1" |12 December 2008
| rowspan="1" |13 December 2013
| rowspan="1" |13th Assembly
|- style="vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;"
| rowspan="1" | 17 December 2018
| rowspan="1" |'''''Incumbent'''''
| rowspan ="1" | {{age in years and days|2018|12|17}}
| rowspan="1" |15th Assembly
|- style="vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;"
|-
|}

==List of deputy chief ministers of Rajasthan from Indian National Congress==
{{main|List of deputy chief ministers of Rajasthan}}
Following is the list of the deputy chief ministers of Rajasthan from [[Indian National Congress]]:

{| class="sortable" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: 2px #000000 solid; font-size: x-big; width="70%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2" border="1"
|-
! rowspan ="2" style="background-color:#00BFFF; color:white" | No.
! rowspan ="2" style="background-color:#00BFFF; color:white" | Deputy chief ministers
! rowspan ="2" style="background-color:#00BFFF; color:white" | Portrait
! Colspan="3" style="background-color:#00BFFF; color:white" | Term in office
! rowspan ="2" style="background-color:#00BFFF; color:white" | Assembly
! rowspan ="2" style="background-color:#00BFFF; color:white" | Constituency
!rowspan ="2" style="background-color:#00BFFF; color:white" | Chief Minister
|-
! style="background-color:#00BFFF; color:white" | Start
! style="background-color:#00BFFF; color:white" | End
! style="background-color:#00BFFF; color:white" | Tenure
|-
|- style="vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;"
| rowspan="2" |1
| rowspan="2" |[[Tika Ram Paliwal]]
| rowspan="2" |
| 26 March 1951
| 3 March 1952
| rowspan ="2" | 2 years, 343 days
| rowspan="2" |1st Assembly
| rowspan ="2" |[[Mahwa, Rajasthan|Mahwa]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Jai Narayan Vyas]]
|- style="vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;"
| rowspan="1" |1 November 1952
| rowspan="1" |1 November 1954
|- style="vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;"
|
|- style="vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;"
| rowspan="1" |2
| rowspan="1" |[[Banwari Lal Bairwa]]
| rowspan="1" |
| rowspan="1" |25 January 2003
| rowspan="1" |8 December 2003
| rowspan ="1" | 317 days
| rowspan="1" |11th Assembly
| rowspan ="1" |
| rowspan ="1" |[[Ashok Gehlot]]
|- style="vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;"
|
|- style="vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;"
| rowspan="1" |3
| rowspan="1" |[[Kamla Beniwal]]
| rowspan="1" |
| rowspan="1" |25 January 2003
| rowspan="1" |8 December 2003
| rowspan ="1" | 317 days
| rowspan="1" |11th Assembly
| rowspan ="1" |Bairath
| rowspan ="1" |[[Ashok Gehlot]]
|- style="vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;"
|
|- style="vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;"
| rowspan="1" |4
| rowspan="1" |[[Sachin Pilot]]
| rowspan="1" |[[File:Sachin Pilot at the India Economic Summit 2010 cropped.jpg|center|thumb|136x136px]]
| rowspan="1" |17 December 2018
| rowspan="1" |14 July 2020
| rowspan ="1" | 1 year, 210 days
| rowspan="1" |15th Assembly
| rowspan ="1" |[[Tonk (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Tonk]]
| rowspan ="1" |[[Ashok Gehlot]]
|- style="vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;"
|-
|}

==Electoral performance in the State of Rajasthan==
{{main|Statewise Election history of Congress Party}}

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Year || General election || Votes polled || Seats won || Leader
|-
| 1951 || 1st Assembly || 1,286,953 || 82
|-
| 1951 || 1st Lok Sabha || 1,460,971 || 9
|-
| 1957 || 2nd Assembly || 2,141,931 || 119
|-
| 1957 || 2nd Lok Sabha || 2,494,094 || 19
|-
| 1962 || 3rd Assembly || 2,052,383 || 88
|-
| 1962 || 3rd Lok Sabha || 1,951,507 || 14
|-
| 1967 || 4th Assembly || 2,798,411 || 89
|-
| 1967 || 4th Lok Sabha || 2,722,493 || 10
|-
| 1971 || 5th Lok Sabha || 3,486,776 || 14
|-
| 1972 || 5th Assembly || 3,976,157 || 145
|-
| 1977 || 6th Assembly || 2,599,772 || 41
|-
| 1977 || 6th Lok Sabha || 2,568,345 || 1
|-
| 1980 || 7th Assembly || 3,975,315 || 133
|-
| 1980 || 7th Lok Sabha || 4,040,398 || 18
|-
| 1984 || 8th Lok Sabha || 5,898,116 || 25
|-
| 1985 || 8th Assembly || 5,342,920 || 113
|-
| 1989 || 9th Lok Sabha || 5,285,868 || 0
|-
| 1990 || 9th Assembly || 4,988,699 || 50
|-
| 1991 || 10th Lok Sabha || 5,407,144 || 13
|-
| 1993 || 10th Assembly || 6,442,721 || 76
|-
| 1996 || 11th Lok Sabha || 5,253,531 || 12
|-
| 1998 || 11th Assembly || 8,467,160 || 153
|-
| 1998 || 12th Lok Sabha || 7,846,072 || 18
|-
| 1999 || 13th Lok Sabha || 7,475,888 || 9
|-
| 2003 || 12th Assembly || 8,120,605 || 56 || [[Ashok Gehlot]]
|-
| 2004 || 14th Lok Sabha || 7,179,939 || 4 || [[Ashok Gehlot]]
|-
| 2008 || 13th Assembly ||8,154,531 || 96 || [[C.P. Joshi]]
|-
| 2009 || 15th Lok Sabha ||4,414,842 || 22 || [[Ashok Gehlot]]
|-
| 2013 || 14th Assembly || 4,144,232|| 21 || [[Ashok Gehlot]]
|-
| 2014 || 16th Lok Sabha || 2,164,984|| 0 || [[Ashok Gehlot]]
|-
| 2018 || 15th Assembly || 1,39,35,201 || 100 || [[Sachin Pilot]]
|-
|2019 || 17th Lok Sabha || || 0 || [[Sachin Pilot]]
|}

== Notes ==
{{reflist|group=lower-alpha}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://rajasthanpcc.com// Rajasthan Pradesh Congress Committee, Official website]
* [http://inc.in Indian National Congress, Official website]

{{Indian National Congress}}
{{Indian political parties}}
{{India topics}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2018}}

[[Category:Indian National Congress by state or union territory]]
[[Category:Politics of Rajasthan]]

Govind Singh Dotasra

2021-07-09T13:54:21Z

Wandererkanishk:

{{short description|Indian politician (born 1964)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2017}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Govind Singh Dotasra
| image = Govind Singh Dotasra.png
| caption =
| imagesize = 250px
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1964|10|1|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Laxmangarh, Rajasthan]], India
| residence = [[Sikar, Rajasthan]]
| office1 = [[Third Ashok Gehlot ministry|Minister of State for Primary & Secondary education]] [[Government of Rajasthan]]
| term_start1 = 28 December 2018
| term_end1 =
| predecessor1 = [[Vasudev Devnani]]
| office2 = [[Rajasthan Pradesh Congress Committee|President Rajasthan Pradesh Congress Committee]]
| term_start2 = 14 July 2020
| term_end2 =
| predecessor2 = [[Sachin Pilot]]
| office3 = [[Rajasthan Legislative Assembly|Member of the Rajasthan Legislative Assembly]]
| constituency3 = [[Laxmangarh]]
| term_start3 = 11 December 2018
| term_end3 =
| constituency4 = [[Laxmangarh]]
| term_start4 = 8 December 2013
| term_end4 = 11 December 2018
| constituency5 = [[Laxmangarh]]
| term_start5 = 8 December 2008
| term_end5 = 8 December 2013
| predecessor5 = [[Parasram Mordiya]]
| office6 = [[Laxmangarh|Pradhan Laxmangarh]]
| term_start6 = 2005
| term_end6 = 2008
| party = [[Indian National Congress|Congress]]
| children = 2
| country = India
| profession = [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|MLA]], [[Politician]], [[Lawyer]]
}}

'''Govind Singh Dotasra''' (Born 1 October 1964) is the President of [[Rajasthan Pradesh Congress Committee]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.ndtv.com/people/govind-singh-dotasara-appointed-as-rajasthan-congress-chief-2262770 | title=Govind Singh Dotasra Appointed as Rahasthan Congress Chief | publisher=ndtv.com}}</ref> He also holds the position of Minister of State for primary and secondary education (Independent Charge) and the Minister for Tourism and Devasthan in the [[Government of Rajasthan]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/rajasthan-portfolios-allocated-cm-ashok-gehlot-gets-finance-home-sachin-pilot-pwd-rural-development-5512668/ | title=Govind Singh Dotasra Education Minister | publisher=indianexpress.com}}</ref> He is member of 15th [[Rajasthan Legislative Assembly]] and Ex-Chief Whip of congress in [[Rajasthan Legislative Assembly]].<ref>{{cite web | url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/jaipur/Govt-blacklists-pharma-company-over-wrongful-labeling/articleshow/38945033.cms | title=Govind Singh Dotasra Whip INC | publisher=timesofindia.indiatimes.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://zeenews.india.com/news/rajasthan/oppn-cong-stages-walkout-over-minister-s-presence-in-rajasthan-assembly_947579.html | title=Opposition Walkout from assembly: Govind Singh Dotasra, Whip INC | publisher=zeenews.india.com}}</ref> He represents the Laxmangarh ([[Hindi]]: लक्ष्मणगढ़) constituency of Sikar district of Rajasthan since 2008. He is an active member of [[Indian National Congress]] since 1981.

Dotasra was appointed Chairman of Media and Communication Committee ahead of 2018 Rajasthan polls on 5 October 2018.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ani/rahul-forms-9-committees-to-manage-rajasthan-polls-118100500061_1.html | title=Lakshmangarh legislator Govind Singh Dotasra will helm the media and coordination committee | publisher=business-standard.com}}</ref> He served as Vice President of [[Rajasthan Pradesh Congress Committee]] from 2014 to 2020 and President of District Congress Committee, Sikar for 7 years(July 2011 to May 2018)<ref>{{cite web | url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/jaipur/Cong-forms-131-memberPCC-tries-to-please-all/articleshow/45324415.cms | title=Govind Singh Dotasra appointed as VP of PCC | publisher=timesofindia.indiatimes.com}}</ref> Currently, he is in-charge of District Congress Committee, Nagaur (Rajasthan).<ref>{{cite web | url=http://rajasthanpatrika.patrika.com/story/rajasthan/work-divided-among-office-bearers-in-rajasthan-congress-2233967.html| title=Govind Singh Dotasra Incharge of Nagaur DCC | publisher= rajasthanpatrika.patrika.com }}</ref>8

==Rajasthan Legislative Assembly results==
{|class ="wikitable"
|-
!SI No.
!Year
!Legislative Assembly
!Constituency
!Margin
!Party
!Post
|-
|1.
|[[2008 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|2008]]
|13th
|[[Laxmangarh]]
|34
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|[[Indian National Congress]]
|
|-
|2.
|[[2013 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|2013]]
|14th
|[[Laxmangarh]]
|10,723
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|[[Indian National Congress]]
|'''[[Rajasthan Pradesh Congress Committee|Chief Whip of the Congress Legislative Party (CLP)]]'''
|-
|3.
|[[2018 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|2018]]
|15th
|[[Laxmangarh]]
|22,052
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|[[Indian National Congress]]
|'''[[Third Ashok Gehlot ministry|Minister of State]]'''
|-
|}

== Education & Early life ==
''Govind Singh Dotasra'' was born to Late Sri Mohan Singh Dotasra and Rupi Devi on 1 October 1964 in a village Kripa Ram Ji ki Dhani ([[Hindi]]: कृपा राम जी की ढाणी), Sutod, Laxmangarh in [[Sikar District]] of [[Rajasthan]]. His father Mohan Singh Dotasara was a government teacher. His schooling took place in the native village and after that, he did [[B.Com.]], [[Bachelor of Education|B.Ed.]] and [[Bachelor of Laws|LL.B.]] from [[University of Rajasthan]]. On 4 March 1984, he was married to Sunita Devi. They have two sons and wife Sunita Devi is a government teacher.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://rajassembly.nic.in/MembersPage.asp?DivNo=51 | title=Member Bio Data of 15th Legislative assembly: Govind Singh Dotasra | publisher=rajassembly.nic.in}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://myneta.info/rj2008/candidate.php?candidate_id=289|title=GOVIND SINGH DOTASRA(Indian National Congress(INC)):Constituency- Lachmangarh(Sikar) - Affidavit Information of Candidate|last=ADR|website=myneta.info|access-date=2017-11-10}}</ref> After the graduation, he started practicing LAW in the Sikar Court and for nearly 20 years he has been named as one of the best-known lawyer in Sikar.

== Political Journey ==
Dotasra stepped into politics in 2005 and successfully contested the panchayat elections. He was elected as Pradhan of ''Panchayat Samiti,'' Laxmangarh, Sikar (Rajasthan) in 2005.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.rajsec.rajasthan.gov.in/PS_Publication_2005.pdf | title=PANCHAYAT SAMITI WISE DETAILS OF ELECTED PRADHANS (Page 89): Govind Singh Dotasra | publisher=www.rajsec.rajasthan.gov.in}}</ref>

In 2008, he contested the [[2008 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election]] for the first time and won the seat of Laxmangarh by a close margin of 34 votes against independent candidate Dinesh Joshi.

In 2013, he defeated former union minister of state and 3 time MP [[Subhash Maharia]] with a margin of 10,723 in [[2013 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election]]. In this election his party Congress had lost 160+ seats in the state.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/AE2013/RajAE_2013_stat_report.pdf | title=Rajasthan Assembly Elections 2013 data(page 56) | publisher=www.eci.nic.in}}</ref> He is also a member of Public Accounts Committee of Rajasthan Assembly 2015–16.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://rajassembly.nic.in/CommtMembersList.asp?CommtCode=1 | title=Public accounts committee, Rajasthan (2015-16): Govind Singh Dotasra | publisher=rasjassembly.nic.in}}</ref>

In the position of opposition whip, he upheld the true spirit of democracy in bringing meaningful opposition in the house.<ref>[https://www.hindustantimes.com/jaipur/opposition-stages-walkout-over-crop-damage-due-to-hailstorm/story-LWBlxm3TNQ5kCT3ubQUN2H.html "Opposition stages walkout over crop damage due to hailstorm"], ''[[Hindustan Times]]''</ref><ref>[http://www.dnaindia.com/jaipur/report-govind-singh-dotasara-slams-home-minister-for-law-order-2589316, "Govind Singh Dotasara slams Home Minister for law & order"], ''[[Daily News and Analysis]]''</ref>

Dotasra actively participates in all sessions of Vidhansabha. He has actively raised public issues in the house, especially issues related to farmers and weaker sections of society.<ref>{{cite web | url= http://rajasthanpatrika.patrika.com/story/rajasthan/shekhawati-in-vidhansabha-2225046.html | title=Govind Singh Dotasra in Vidhansabha | publisher= rajasthanpatrika.patrika.com }}</ref> His orating skills, attacking stances has brought about government to address important issues and made him popular among masses.<ref>{{cite web | url= http://rajasthanpatrika.patrika.com/story/rajasthan/shekhawati-in-rajasthan-assembly-2223833.html | title=Govind Singh Dotasra ahead of others in Assembly | publisher= rajasthanpatrika.patrika.com }}</ref>
In 2018, he successfully won [[2018 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election]] and has made hat-trick of victory at Laxmangarh seat of Rajasthan with a landslide margin of 22052 votes, which is highest in whole sikar district.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.news18.com/assembly-elections-2018/rajasthan/lachmangarh-election-result-s20a033/ | title=Lachmangarh | publisher=News18 | access-date=19 January 2020}}</ref>

==Other Activity==
Dotasra represented [[Rajasthan Legislative Assembly]] in 24th [[Commonwealth Parliamentary Association]] (CPA) Seminar from 27 May – 1 June 2013 in Singapore.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://localmla.com/rajasthan/gobind-singh-dotasra/| title=Govind Singh Dotasra Foreign Visit | publisher= localmla.com }}</ref> Dotasra participated in 16th and 17th All India Whips’ Conference in Goa and Visakhapatnam.

==Honor & Awards==
On 6 March 2018, Govind Singh Dotasra has been chosen the best parliamentarian for 2016 by the special committee of Rajasthan Legislative Assembly. He received this honor from the speaker of Rajasthan Legislative Assembly, [[Kailash Chandra Meghwal]].

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Dotasra, Govind Singh}}
[[Category:Rajasthan MLAs 2008–2013]]
[[Category:People from Sikar district]]
[[Category:Rajasthani politicians]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1964 births]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians]]
[[Category:Rajasthan MLAs 2013–2018]]
[[Category:Rajasthan MLAs 2018–]]

Draft:Govind Singh Dotasra

2021-07-09T13:53:47Z

Wandererkanishk: Wandererkanishk moved page Draft:Govind Singh Dotasra to Govind Singh Dotasra

#REDIRECT [[Govind Singh Dotasra]]

Govind Singh Dotasra

2021-07-09T13:53:40Z

Wandererkanishk: Wandererkanishk moved page Draft:Govind Singh Dotasra to Govind Singh Dotasra

{{AFC submission/draft}}

{{short description|Indian politician (born 1964)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2017}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Govind Singh Dotasra
| image = Govind Singh Dotasra.png
| caption =
| imagesize = 250px
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1964|10|1|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Laxmangarh, Rajasthan]], India
| residence = [[Sikar, Rajasthan]]
| office1 = [[Third Ashok Gehlot ministry|Minister of State for Primary & Secondary education]] [[Government of Rajasthan]]
| term_start1 = 28 December 2018
| term_end1 =
| predecessor1 = [[Vasudev Devnani]]
| office2 = [[Rajasthan Pradesh Congress Committee|President Rajasthan Pradesh Congress Committee]]
| term_start2 = 14 July 2020
| term_end2 =
| predecessor2 = [[Sachin Pilot]]
| office3 = [[Rajasthan Legislative Assembly|Member of the Rajasthan Legislative Assembly]]
| constituency3 = [[Laxmangarh]]
| term_start3 = 11 December 2018
| term_end3 =
| constituency4 = [[Laxmangarh]]
| term_start4 = 8 December 2013
| term_end4 = 11 December 2018
| constituency5 = [[Laxmangarh]]
| term_start5 = 8 December 2008
| term_end5 = 8 December 2013
| predecessor5 = [[Parasram Mordiya]]
| office6 = [[Laxmangarh|Pradhan Laxmangarh]]
| term_start6 = 2005
| term_end6 = 2008
| party = [[Indian National Congress|Congress]]
| children = 2
| country = India
| profession = [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|MLA]], [[Politician]], [[Lawyer]]
}}

'''Govind Singh Dotasra''' (Born 1 October 1964) is the President of [[Rajasthan Pradesh Congress Committee]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.ndtv.com/people/govind-singh-dotasara-appointed-as-rajasthan-congress-chief-2262770 | title=Govind Singh Dotasra Appointed as Rahasthan Congress Chief | publisher=ndtv.com}}</ref> He also holds the position of Minister of State for primary and secondary education (Independent Charge) and the Minister for Tourism and Devasthan in the [[Government of Rajasthan]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/rajasthan-portfolios-allocated-cm-ashok-gehlot-gets-finance-home-sachin-pilot-pwd-rural-development-5512668/ | title=Govind Singh Dotasra Education Minister | publisher=indianexpress.com}}</ref> He is member of 15th [[Rajasthan Legislative Assembly]] and Ex-Chief Whip of congress in [[Rajasthan Legislative Assembly]].<ref>{{cite web | url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/jaipur/Govt-blacklists-pharma-company-over-wrongful-labeling/articleshow/38945033.cms | title=Govind Singh Dotasra Whip INC | publisher=timesofindia.indiatimes.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://zeenews.india.com/news/rajasthan/oppn-cong-stages-walkout-over-minister-s-presence-in-rajasthan-assembly_947579.html | title=Opposition Walkout from assembly: Govind Singh Dotasra, Whip INC | publisher=zeenews.india.com}}</ref> He represents the Laxmangarh ([[Hindi]]: लक्ष्मणगढ़) constituency of Sikar district of Rajasthan since 2008. He is an active member of [[Indian National Congress]] since 1981.

Dotasra was appointed Chairman of Media and Communication Committee ahead of 2018 Rajasthan polls on 5 October 2018.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ani/rahul-forms-9-committees-to-manage-rajasthan-polls-118100500061_1.html | title=Lakshmangarh legislator Govind Singh Dotasra will helm the media and coordination committee | publisher=business-standard.com}}</ref> He served as Vice President of [[Rajasthan Pradesh Congress Committee]] from 2014 to 2020 and President of District Congress Committee, Sikar for 7 years(July 2011 to May 2018)<ref>{{cite web | url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/jaipur/Cong-forms-131-memberPCC-tries-to-please-all/articleshow/45324415.cms | title=Govind Singh Dotasra appointed as VP of PCC | publisher=timesofindia.indiatimes.com}}</ref> Currently, he is in-charge of District Congress Committee, Nagaur (Rajasthan).<ref>{{cite web | url=http://rajasthanpatrika.patrika.com/story/rajasthan/work-divided-among-office-bearers-in-rajasthan-congress-2233967.html| title=Govind Singh Dotasra Incharge of Nagaur DCC | publisher= rajasthanpatrika.patrika.com }}</ref>8

==Rajasthan Legislative Assembly results==
{|class ="wikitable"
|-
!SI No.
!Year
!Legislative Assembly
!Constituency
!Margin
!Party
!Post
|-
|1.
|[[2008 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|2008]]
|13th
|[[Laxmangarh]]
|34
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|[[Indian National Congress]]
|
|-
|2.
|[[2013 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|2013]]
|14th
|[[Laxmangarh]]
|10,723
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|[[Indian National Congress]]
|'''[[Rajasthan Pradesh Congress Committee|Chief Whip of the Congress Legislative Party (CLP)]]'''
|-
|3.
|[[2018 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|2018]]
|15th
|[[Laxmangarh]]
|22,052
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|[[Indian National Congress]]
|'''[[Third Ashok Gehlot ministry|Minister of State]]'''
|-
|}

== Education & Early life ==
''Govind Singh Dotasra'' was born to Late Sri Mohan Singh Dotasra and Rupi Devi on 1 October 1964 in a village Kripa Ram Ji ki Dhani ([[Hindi]]: कृपा राम जी की ढाणी), Sutod, Laxmangarh in [[Sikar District]] of [[Rajasthan]]. His father Mohan Singh Dotasara was a government teacher. His schooling took place in the native village and after that, he did [[B.Com.]], [[Bachelor of Education|B.Ed.]] and [[Bachelor of Laws|LL.B.]] from [[University of Rajasthan]]. On 4 March 1984, he was married to Sunita Devi. They have two sons and wife Sunita Devi is a government teacher.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://rajassembly.nic.in/MembersPage.asp?DivNo=51 | title=Member Bio Data of 15th Legislative assembly: Govind Singh Dotasra | publisher=rajassembly.nic.in}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://myneta.info/rj2008/candidate.php?candidate_id=289|title=GOVIND SINGH DOTASRA(Indian National Congress(INC)):Constituency- Lachmangarh(Sikar) - Affidavit Information of Candidate|last=ADR|website=myneta.info|access-date=2017-11-10}}</ref> After the graduation, he started practicing LAW in the Sikar Court and for nearly 20 years he has been named as one of the best-known lawyer in Sikar.

== Political Journey ==
Dotasra stepped into politics in 2005 and successfully contested the panchayat elections. He was elected as Pradhan of ''Panchayat Samiti,'' Laxmangarh, Sikar (Rajasthan) in 2005.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.rajsec.rajasthan.gov.in/PS_Publication_2005.pdf | title=PANCHAYAT SAMITI WISE DETAILS OF ELECTED PRADHANS (Page 89): Govind Singh Dotasra | publisher=www.rajsec.rajasthan.gov.in}}</ref>

In 2008, he contested the [[2008 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election]] for the first time and won the seat of Laxmangarh by a close margin of 34 votes against independent candidate Dinesh Joshi.

In 2013, he defeated former union minister of state and 3 time MP [[Subhash Maharia]] with a margin of 10,723 in [[2013 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election]]. In this election his party Congress had lost 160+ seats in the state.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/AE2013/RajAE_2013_stat_report.pdf | title=Rajasthan Assembly Elections 2013 data(page 56) | publisher=www.eci.nic.in}}</ref> He is also a member of Public Accounts Committee of Rajasthan Assembly 2015–16.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://rajassembly.nic.in/CommtMembersList.asp?CommtCode=1 | title=Public accounts committee, Rajasthan (2015-16): Govind Singh Dotasra | publisher=rasjassembly.nic.in}}</ref>

In the position of opposition whip, he upheld the true spirit of democracy in bringing meaningful opposition in the house.<ref>[https://www.hindustantimes.com/jaipur/opposition-stages-walkout-over-crop-damage-due-to-hailstorm/story-LWBlxm3TNQ5kCT3ubQUN2H.html "Opposition stages walkout over crop damage due to hailstorm"], ''[[Hindustan Times]]''</ref><ref>[http://www.dnaindia.com/jaipur/report-govind-singh-dotasara-slams-home-minister-for-law-order-2589316, "Govind Singh Dotasara slams Home Minister for law & order"], ''[[Daily News and Analysis]]''</ref>

Dotasra actively participates in all sessions of Vidhansabha. He has actively raised public issues in the house, especially issues related to farmers and weaker sections of society.<ref>{{cite web | url= http://rajasthanpatrika.patrika.com/story/rajasthan/shekhawati-in-vidhansabha-2225046.html | title=Govind Singh Dotasra in Vidhansabha | publisher= rajasthanpatrika.patrika.com }}</ref> His orating skills, attacking stances has brought about government to address important issues and made him popular among masses.<ref>{{cite web | url= http://rajasthanpatrika.patrika.com/story/rajasthan/shekhawati-in-rajasthan-assembly-2223833.html | title=Govind Singh Dotasra ahead of others in Assembly | publisher= rajasthanpatrika.patrika.com }}</ref>
In 2018, he successfully won [[2018 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election]] and has made hat-trick of victory at Laxmangarh seat of Rajasthan with a landslide margin of 22052 votes, which is highest in whole sikar district.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.news18.com/assembly-elections-2018/rajasthan/lachmangarh-election-result-s20a033/ | title=Lachmangarh | publisher=News18 | access-date=19 January 2020}}</ref>

==Other Activity==
Dotasra represented [[Rajasthan Legislative Assembly]] in 24th [[Commonwealth Parliamentary Association]] (CPA) Seminar from 27 May – 1 June 2013 in Singapore.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://localmla.com/rajasthan/gobind-singh-dotasra/| title=Govind Singh Dotasra Foreign Visit | publisher= localmla.com }}</ref> Dotasra participated in 16th and 17th All India Whips’ Conference in Goa and Visakhapatnam.

==Honor & Awards==
On 6 March 2018, Govind Singh Dotasra has been chosen the best parliamentarian for 2016 by the special committee of Rajasthan Legislative Assembly. He received this honor from the speaker of Rajasthan Legislative Assembly, [[Kailash Chandra Meghwal]].

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Dotasra, Govind Singh}}
[[Category:Rajasthan MLAs 2008–2013]]
[[Category:People from Sikar district]]
[[Category:Rajasthani politicians]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1964 births]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians]]
[[Category:Rajasthan MLAs 2013–2018]]
[[Category:Rajasthan MLAs 2018–]]

Mohd Badrudduja

2021-07-09T13:47:14Z

Wandererkanishk:

{{Use dmy dates|date=Jaly 2021}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2021}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Mohd Badar
| image = Mohd Badar.jpg
| image_size =
| birth_place =
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1987|10|17|df=y}}
| nationality =Indian
| occupation =Entrepreneur
| years_active = 2007-present
| known_for = Event Management and Journalism
}}

'''Mohd Badrudduja'''. Mohd Badar is a Lucknow-based entrepreneur and philanthropist.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.theweek.in/news/biz-tech/2020/07/23/mohd-badar-a-source-of-inspiration-for-substantiality-and-deterministic-towards-the-event-industries.html|title=Mohd. Badar become a source of inspiration for Substantiality and Deterministic towards the event industries|website=The Week}}</ref> He is the Director of HBN Events, an event management company. He is known for organizing the major events across the country and is also known for philanthropic efforts in the society. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.forbesindia.com/article/brand-connect/hbn-events-academy-a-concomitant-of-mohd-badars-vision/63911/1|title=HBN Events Academy: A Concomitant Of Mohd Badar's Vision|website=Forbes India}}</ref>
== Early Life ==
Mohd Badar <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/life-style/food-news/cloud-kitchen-changing-the-world-of-dining/photostory/77933564.cms|title=Cloud kitchens and new technologies in the new normal|date=4 September 2020|website=The Times of India}}</ref> was born and brought up in Lucknow<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://edtimes.in/mohd-badar-announce-cancellation-of-lucknow-health-run-season-2-invites-people-to-contribute-to-the-ideation-of-a-safe-marathon-virtually/|title=Mohd Badar Announce Cancellation of Lucknow Health Run Season 2, invites people to contribute to the ideation of a safe marathon, virtually|date=1 August 2020}}</reF> and graduated with a degree in Bachelor of Science (BSC) specializing in Biology.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/brand-post/meet-mohd-badar-the-showbiz-master-curating-novel-experiences-in-the-new-normal/story-z6z5j5E8wMEZ1mbuC1OLxI.html|title=Meet Mohd Badar: The showbiz master curating novel experiences in the new normal|date=15 September 2020|website=Hindustan Times}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dnaindia.com/education/report-mohd-badar-announces-opening-of-hbn-events-academy-in-up-s-lucknow-2846120|title=Mohd Badar announces opening of HBN Events Academy in UP's Lucknow|date=29 September 2020|website=DNA India}}</ref>
==Career==

*Founder/Secretary of Innovation Welfare Society (NGO) Nov 2012
*Founder/Director of HBN Events Pvt. Ltd. Dec 2016
*Organizer of Lucknow Health Run April 2019
*Editor-in-Chief in BHN News June 2020
*Owner Of HBN Events Academy

== Awards ==
He has been awarded by the Navanshika Foundation (SR Group of Institute) in 2019 and with the Icon of the Year award by the Arisha Foundation in 2019.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.imdb.com/name/nm12169376/|title=Mohd Badar|website=IMDb}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://businessworld.in/article/HBN-Events-initiate-event-management-revival-post-lockdown/08-07-2020-295296|title=HBN Events initiate event management revival post lockdown|website=BW Businessworld}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

== Further Readings ==
*{{Cite web|url=https://zeenews.india.com/india/entrepreneur-mohd-badar-is-confident-of-return-for-event-management-industries-request-govt-for-unlock-the-event-industries-for-servile-2305215.html|title=Entrepreneur Mohd. Badar confident of return of event management industries, requests govt for unlock it for servile|date=25 August 2020|website=Zee News}}

*{{Cite web|url=https://www.aninews.in/news/business/hbn-events-initiate-event-management-revival-post-lockdown20200708132306/|title=HBN Events initiate event management revival post lockdown|website=ANI News}}</ref>

*{{Cite web|url=https://www.amarujala.com/lucknow/bashindey/businessman-mohammad-badar-expresses-worry-about-event-management-industry-due-to-corona-pandemic|title=लखनऊ के बिजनेसमैन मोहम्मद बदर ने कोरोना काल में इवेंट मैनेजरों के लिए जताई चिंता, कहा- "क्या पूरा हो पाएगा युवाओं का सपना"|website=Amar Ujala}}

*{{Cite web|url=https://www.mid-day.com/lifestyle/health-&-fitness/article/Organic-Beauty-Busting-Myths-about-Natural-Personal-Care-Products-22990285?infinite-scroll=1|title=Busting Myths about Organic Beauty|website= Mid Day}}

==External links==
*[https://mohdbadar.com/| Official Website]
*{{Facebook|mohd.badar.963 | Mohd Badar}}
*{{Twitter|badar84|Mohd Badar}}
*{{Instagram|badar.emagination| Mohd Badar}}

[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1987 births]]
[[Category:Entrepreneurs]]

Katrina Kaif

2021-07-09T11:52:13Z

Wandererkanishk:

{{short description|British actress and model}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2016}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2020}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Katrina Kaif
| image = Katrina Kaif promoting Bharat in 2019.jpg
| alt = A headshot of Katrina Kaif
| caption = Kaif promoting her film ''[[Bharat (film)|Bharat]]'' in 2019
| birth_name = Katrina Turquotte
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1983|7|16}}
| birth_place = [[British Hong Kong]]
| height =
| nationality = [[British people|British]]
| citizenship =
| occupation = {{hlist|[[Actor|Actress]]|[[Model (people)|model]]}}
| works = [[Katrina Kaif filmography|Full list]]
| awards = [[List of awards and nominations received by Katrina Kaif|Full list]]
| yearsactive = 2003–present
}}

'''Katrina Kaif''' ({{IPA-hns|kəˈʈriːna kɛːf|pron}}{{Listen}}; born '''Katrina Turquotte'''; 16 July 1983) is a British actress who primarily works in [[Hindi]]-language films.<ref name="citizen">{{cite news|last=Hafeez |first=Mateen |title=Working in Bollywood for years, but shy of citizenship? |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Working-in-Bollywood-for-years-but-shy-of-citizenship/articleshow/6458769.cms?referral=PM |access-date=1 March 2014 |work=The Times of India |date=30 August 2010 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160117202653/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Working-in-Bollywood-for-years-but-shy-of-citizenship/articleshow/6458769.cms?referral=PM |archive-date=17 January 2016 }}</ref> She is one of the India's highest-paid actresses.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Baksi|first=Dibyojyoti|date=25 March 2013|title=Katrina Kaif pays highest advance tax among Bollywood actresses|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/katrina-kaif-pays-highest-advance-tax-among-bollywood-actressses/story-gNuTMpoOiHifrBEH4Nk1TL.html|access-date=20 February 2020|website=Hindustan Times|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Katrina Kaif - Forbes India Magazine|url=http://www.forbesindia.com/celebprofile/katrina-kaif/1439/18|access-date=20 February 2020|website=Forbes India|language=en}}</ref> Her [[List of awards and nominations received by Katrina Kaif|accolades]] include four [[Filmfare Awards|Filmfare Award]] nominations.

Born in [[British Hong Kong|Hong Kong]], Kaif lived in several countries before she moved to [[London]]. She received her first modelling assignment as a teenager and later pursued a career as a fashion model. At a fashion show in London, Indian filmmaker [[Kaizad Gustad]] decided to cast her in ''[[Boom (film)|Boom]]'' (2003), a critical and commercial failure. While in India, Kaif received modelling assignments and established a successful modelling career, however, filmmakers were hesitant to cast her due to her poor command of Hindi. After appearing in the Telugu film ''[[Malliswari (2004 film)|Malliswari]]'' (2004), Kaif earned commercial success in Bollywood with the romantic comedies ''[[Maine Pyaar Kyun Kiya?]]'' (2005) and ''[[Namastey London]]'' (2007). She followed with a series of box-office hits, but was criticised for her acting, repetitive roles, and inclination to [[Androcentrism|male-dominated]] films.

Her performance in the thriller ''[[New York (2009 film)|New York]]'' (2009) earned her a nomination for the [[Filmfare Award for Best Actress]], and after starring roles in ''[[Ajab Prem Ki Ghazab Kahani]]'' (2009), ''[[Raajneeti]]'' (2010), and ''[[Zindagi Na Milegi Dobara]]'' (2011), she received her second nomination for her performance in ''[[Mere Brother Ki Dulhan]]'' (2011). Kaif's highest-grossing films came with the action thrillers ''[[Ek Tha Tiger]]'' (2012), ''[[Dhoom 3]]'' (2013), and ''[[Bang Bang!]]'' (2014), all of which rank among the [[List of highest-grossing Indian films|highest-grossing Indian films]]. She followed this with a series of films which did not perform well commercially, with the exception of the action sequel ''[[Tiger Zinda Hai]]'' (2017) and the drama ''[[Bharat (film)|Bharat]]'' (2019), but received a nomination for the [[Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actress]] for her portrayal of an alcoholic actress in the romantic drama ''[[Zero (2018 film)|Zero]]'' (2018).

In addition to acting, Kaif is involved with her mother's charity and participates in stage shows. She is guarded about her personal life, which is subject to media scrutiny, as is her background.

== Early life ==
Katrina Kaif was born in [[Hong Kong]] with her mother's surname Turquotte (also spelt Turcotte), on 16 July 1983.{{efn|name=A|Although Kaif has said that she was born in 1983, her birth year has been quoted (or inferred) in reliable sources as 1983 or 1984.<ref>{{cite video|date=12 July 2011 |title=Katrina, Hrithik Do A Jig at India TV Broadcast Centre |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=maiuTjFv3-Y&t=14m27s |publisher=YouTube |quote=Event occurs at 14:27 |access-date=3 August 2013 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Lalwani|first=Vickey|title=Salman Khan's there for me: Katrina Kaif|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-06-29/news-interviews/29716644_1_yash-chopra-priyanka-film|access-date=4 October 2013|work=[[The Times of India]]|date=29 June 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131005010512/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-06-29/news-interviews/29716644_1_yash-chopra-priyanka-film|archive-date=5 October 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Katrina Kaif turns 30! |url=http://zeenews.india.com/entertainment/celebrity/katrina-kaif-turns-30_139135.html |publisher=[[Zee News]] |access-date=28 February 2014 |date=18 July 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131231152836/http://zeenews.india.com/entertainment/celebrity/katrina-kaif-turns-30_139135.html |archive-date=31 December 2013 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Katrina Kaif welcomes plans to target false claims in ad world |url=http://zeenews.india.com/entertainment/celebrity/katrina-kaif-welcomes-plans-to-target-false-claims-in-ad-world_150321.html |publisher=Zee News |access-date=28 February 2014 |date=5 February 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140206020845/http://zeenews.india.com/entertainment/celebrity/katrina-kaif-welcomes-plans-to-target-false-claims-in-ad-world_150321.html |archive-date= 6 February 2014 }}</ref>}}<ref name="cream">{{cite news|last=Bamzai |first=Kaveree |title=Kat who stole the cream |url=http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/the-rise-of-bollywood-beauty-katrina-kaif/1/127282.html |work=India Today |access-date=21 September 2013 |date=28 January 2011 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130923081231/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/the-rise-of-bollywood-beauty-katrina-kaif/1/127282.html |archive-date=23 September 2013 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Happy Birthday Katrina: Ranbir plans big bash for lady love at Barcelona |url=http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/happy-birthday-katrina-kaif-turns-30/1/291546.html |work=[[India Today]] |access-date=5 July 2014 |date=16 July 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714130255/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/happy-birthday-katrina-kaif-turns-30/1/291546.html |archive-date=14 July 2014 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Katrina Kaif: Lesser known facts |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/Katrina-Kaif-Lesser-known-facts/photostory/33609536.cms |access-date=12 June 2014 |work=The Times of India |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140418050244/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/Katrina-Kaif-Lesser-known-facts/photostory/33609536.cms |archive-date=18 April 2014 }}</ref> According to the actress, her father, Mohammed Kaif, is a British businessman of [[Kashmiri people|Kashmiri]] descent and her mother (Suzanne, also spelt Susanna) is an English lawyer and charity worker.<ref name="Bollywood Barbie">{{cite news|title=Tees Maar Khan: A British Bollywood Barbie!|url=http://www.express.co.uk/entertainment/films/224986/Tees-Maar-Khan-A-British-Bollywood-Barbie|access-date=1 March 2014|work=[[Daily Express]]|date=23 January 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140305121704/http://www.express.co.uk/entertainment/films/224986/Tees-Maar-Khan-A-British-Bollywood-Barbie|archive-date=5 March 2014|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="rise">{{cite news|title=The rise and rise of Katrina Kaif |url=http://mumbaimirror.com/others/sunday-read/The-rise-and-rise-of-Katrina-Kaif/articleshow/16169102.cms |access-date=12 October 2013 |work=[[Mumbai Mirror]] |date=2 October 2011 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131014074135/http://mumbaimirror.com/others/sunday-read/The-rise-and-rise-of-Katrina-Kaif/articleshow/16169102.cms |archive-date=14 October 2013 }}</ref><ref name="hundred">{{cite news|last=Varma|first=Uttara|title=I am hundred per cent Indian ... my Hindi is pretty good|url=http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/-i-am-hundred-per-cent-indian-...-my-hindi-is-pretty-good-/487326/0|access-date=22 February 2014|work=[[The Indian Express]]|date=12 July 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170628041507/http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/-i-am-hundred-per-cent-indian-...-my-hindi-is-pretty-good-/487326/0|archive-date=28 June 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> She has seven siblings: three elder sisters named Stephanie, Christine and Natasha; three younger sisters named Melissa, Sonia, and Isabel; and an elder brother named Michael.<ref name="Bollywood Barbie" /><ref name="hundred" /> Isabelle Kaif is also a model and actress.<ref>{{cite web|title=Isabel Kaif: 10 facts you probably didn't know about Katrina Kaif's sister |url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/isabel-kaif-10-facts-you-probably-didnt-know-about-katrina-kaifs-sister/453219-8-66.html |publisher=[[CNN-IBN]] |access-date=30 May 2014 |date=20 February 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140302195032/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/isabel-kaif-10-facts-you-probably-didnt-know-about-katrina-kaifs-sister/453219-8-66.html |archive-date= 2 March 2014 }}</ref> Kaif's parents divorced when she was a child, and her father moved to the [[United States]]. She said her father had no influence on Kaif or her siblings while they were growing up, and they were raised by their mother.<ref name="cream" /><ref name="hundred" /><ref name="dumb">{{cite news|last=Chaturvedi |first=Anshul |title=I'm not dumb: Katrina |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news-interviews/Im-not-dumb-Katrina/articleshow/7162203.cms |access-date=1 March 2014 |work=The Times of India |date=26 December 2010 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140505123041/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news-interviews/Im-not-dumb-Katrina/articleshow/7162203.cms |archive-date= 5 May 2014 }}</ref> On her father's absence in her life, Kaif stated: "When I see friends who have wonderful fathers who are like pillars of support for their families, I say, if only I had that. But instead of complaining, I should be grateful for all the other things I have". In a 2009 interview with ''[[The Indian Express]]'', she said she was not in touch with her father.<ref name="hundred" />

[[File:Katrina Kaif with her mother.jpg|thumb|alt=A woman is sitting next to an older woman in a crowded room. The younger woman is sitting on the right wearing a white dress, while the older woman is wearing a black dress.|Kaif with her mother at the [[People's Choice Awards India]], 2012|268x268px]]
Kaif says that her mother decided to "dedicate her life to social causes", which led to the family's relocation to a number of countries for varying lengths of time:<blockquote>Our transitions in growing up were—from Hong Kong where I was born, to China, then to Japan, and from Japan by boat to France ... After France, Switzerland—and I'm cutting out many East European countries where we were for only a few months each—then Poland in [[Kraków]] ... After that we went to Belgium, then to Hawaii, which was a short time, and then came to London.<ref name="dumb" />
</blockquote>

Due to their frequent relocation, Kaif and her siblings were [[Homeschooling|home-schooled]] by a series of tutors.<ref name="man">{{cite journal |last=Chaudhury |first=Shoma |url=http://archive.tehelka.com/story_main40.asp?filename=hub041008The_man.asp |title=The Man of the Family |journal=[[Tehelka]] |volume=5 |issue=39 |access-date=18 June 2014 |date=4 October 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714141625/http://archive.tehelka.com/story_main40.asp?filename=hub041008The_man.asp |archive-date=14 July 2014 }}</ref> Although she is thought to have grown up in London, she lived there for only three years before moving to India.<ref name="dumb" /> According to Kaif, she then changed her surname to her father's because she thought it would be easier to pronounce.<ref>{{cite news|title=My name's Turquotte: Katrina |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/news-interviews/My-names-Turquotte-Katrina/articleshow/4986854.cms?referral=PM |access-date=12 October 2013 |work=The Times of India |date=9 September 2009 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160215032330/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/news-interviews/My-names-Turquotte-Katrina/articleshow/4986854.cms?referral=PM |archive-date=15 February 2016 }}</ref>

Kaif's paternal parentage has been questioned by some members of the film industry.<ref name="cream" /> In a 2011 interview with ''[[Mumbai Mirror]]'', ''[[Boom (film)|Boom]]'' producer [[Ayesha Shroff]] accused Kaif of fabricating her history: "We created an identity for her. She was this pretty young English girl, and we gave her the Kashmiri father and thought of calling her Katrina Kazi. We thought we'd give her some kind of Indian ancestry, to connect with the audience ... But then we thought that Kazi sounded too ... religious? ... [[Mohammad Kaif]] was at the top, and so we said, Katrina Kaif sounds really great".<ref name="rise" /> Kaif called Shroff's comments "hurtful".<ref name="cream" />

At the age of fourteen, Kaif won a beauty contest in Hawaii, and received her first modelling assignment in a jewellery campaign.<ref>{{cite news|last=Reddy|first=T.K.|date=15 July 2003|title=Cool Kat comes to Chennai|work=[[The Hindu]]|url=http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/mp/2003/07/15/stories/2003071500180100.htm|url-status=dead|access-date=21 September 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130911060648/http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/mp/2003/07/15/stories/2003071500180100.htm|archive-date=11 September 2013}}</ref> She subsequently modelled professionally in London, working for freelance agencies and appearing regularly at [[London Fashion Week]].<ref name="cream" />

== Career ==

=== Acting beginnings (2003–2005) ===
At a fashion show Kaif attracted the attention of London-based filmmaker [[Kaizad Gustad]]. He selected her for a role in the English-[[Bollywood|Hindi]] [[Erotic thriller|erotic]] [[heist film]] ''Boom'' as part of an ensemble cast that included [[Amitabh Bachchan]], [[Gulshan Grover]], [[Jackie Shroff]], [[Madhu Sapre]] and [[Padma Lakshmi]].<ref name="london fashion week">{{cite news|last=Renuka |first=Methil |title=She's got the look |url=http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/katrina-kaif-to-be-one-of-three-leading-ladies-in-kaizad-gustads-heist-film-boom/1/219881.html |work=India Today |access-date=21 September 2013 |date=6 May 2002 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130923085749/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/katrina-kaif-to-be-one-of-three-leading-ladies-in-kaizad-gustads-heist-film-boom/1/219881.html |archive-date=23 September 2013 }}</ref><ref name="boom">{{cite news|last=Mukherjee |first=Madhureeta |title=Katrina booms in Bollywood |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news-interviews/Katrina-booms-in-Bollywood/articleshow/22997.cms |access-date=3 March 2014 |work=The Times of India |date=16 June 2003 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160215032338/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news-interviews/Katrina-booms-in-Bollywood/articleshow/22997.cms |archive-date=15 February 2016 }}</ref> While filming in India, Kaif received other offers and decided to stay in the country.<ref>{{cite news|last=Pathiyan |first=Priya |title='I'm not involved with Salman Khan' |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/articleshow/40363538.cms |access-date=16 March 2003 |work=The Times of India |date=16 March 2003 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040905203940/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/articleshow/40363538.cms |archive-date= 5 September 2004 }}</ref> In 2003, she received notice as a model after walking the ramp for [[Rohit Bal]] at the [[India Fashion Week]]<ref name="beautiful">{{cite web|last=Menon |first=Sita |title=Katrina's beautiful, and she knows it |url=http://www.rediff.com/news/2003/jul/22katrina.htm |date=21 July 2003 |work=[[Rediff.com]] |access-date=21 September 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130923071622/http://www.rediff.com/news/2003/jul/22katrina.htm |archive-date=23 September 2013 }}</ref> and appeared in the first [[Kingfisher Calendar]].<ref>{{cite news|last=Banerjee|first=Chetna K.|title=Movers, shakers & sizzlers|url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2003/20031228/spectrum/main2.htm|access-date=3 March 2014|work=[[The Tribune (Chandigarh)|The Tribune]]|date=28 December 2003|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130310022439/http://www.tribuneindia.com/2003/20031228/spectrum/main2.htm|archive-date=10 March 2013}}</ref> Kaif soon established a successful modelling career in India after endorsing brands such as [[Coca-Cola]], [[LG Corp|LG]], [[Fevicol]] and [[Samsung]].<ref name="success">{{cite news|title=Haute route to success |url=http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/mp/2003/08/07/stories/2003080700090200.htm |access-date=21 September 2013 |date=7 August 2003 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121108053228/http://hindu.com/thehindu/mp/2003/08/07/stories/2003080700090200.htm |work=[[The Hindu]] |archive-date= 8 November 2012 }}</ref>

Kaif's career as a model led to anticipation surrounding her Bollywood debut.<ref name="boom" /> ''Boom'' (2003) had its first screening at the [[2003 Cannes Film Festival|Cannes Film Festival]], and was heavily promoted at the event.<ref>{{cite news|last=Bamzai |first=Kaveree |title=Vava voom |url=http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/kaizad-gustad-seems-to-be-on-the-roll-with-boom/1/205880.html |access-date=3 March 2014 |work=India Today |date=14 July 2003 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140303050032/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/kaizad-gustad-seems-to-be-on-the-roll-with-boom/1/205880.html |archive-date= 3 March 2014 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=It's Boom time for glamour|url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2003/20030803/spectrum/spotlite.htm|access-date=20 April 2014|work=The Tribune|date=3 August 2003|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051203192620/http://www.tribuneindia.com/2003/20030803/spectrum/spotlite.htm|archive-date=3 December 2005}}</ref> ''Boom'' was a commercial and critical failure.<ref>{{cite news|title=Always knew Katrina Kaif would be superstar, says 'Boom' director |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/news-interviews/Always-knew-Katrina-Kaif-would-be-superstar-says-Boom-director/articleshow/21778559.cms?referral=PM |access-date=22 October 2013 |work=The Times of India |date=12 August 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160215035405/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/news-interviews/Always-knew-Katrina-Kaif-would-be-superstar-says-Boom-director/articleshow/21778559.cms?referral=PM |archive-date=15 February 2016 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Bansal |first=Robin |title=Kat's Boom days are back to haunt her |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/kat-s-boom-days-are-back-to-haunt-her/article1-671317.aspx |access-date=24 March 2014 |work=[[Hindustan Times]] |date=9 March 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140324110934/http://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/kat-s-boom-days-are-back-to-haunt-her/article1-671317.aspx |archive-date=24 March 2014 }}</ref> Kaif's enactment of a supermodel ensnared in the [[India Mafia|Mumbai underworld]] was poorly received, with Ziya U. Salam of ''[[The Hindu]]'' attributing the weak performances of the film's leading ladies to "the vacuity of their expressions".<ref>{{cite news|last=Salam |first=Ziya U. |title=Situations vacant |url=http://www.hindu.com/mp/2004/01/01/stories/2004010100180100.htm |access-date=3 March 2014 |date=1 January 2004 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121106105804/http://www.hindu.com/mp/2004/01/01/stories/2004010100180100.htm |work=[[The Hindu]] |archive-date= 6 November 2012 }}</ref> ''[[Hindustan Times]]'' reported that after ''Boom''{{'}}s release, Kaif was written off due to her poor [[Hindi]] and thick British accent.<ref name="sixhits">{{cite news |title=Katrina on top with six hits in a row: critics |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/news-feed/archives/katrina-on-top-with-six-hits-in-a-row-critics/article1-335506.aspx |access-date=15 June 2013 |work=Hindustan Times |date=3 September 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131022163845/http://www.hindustantimes.com/news-feed/archives/katrina-on-top-with-six-hits-in-a-row-critics/article1-335506.aspx |archive-date=22 October 2013 }}</ref> She later dismissed the film: "I don't count ''Boom'' among important happenings in my life. When I signed this film, I didn't know much about India and its film audience".<ref name="that's kat">{{cite news|title=That's Kat! |url=http://www.hindu.com/mp/2004/07/05/stories/2004070500870100.htm |access-date=21 September 2013 |date=5 July 2004 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130923074213/http://www.hindu.com/mp/2004/07/05/stories/2004070500870100.htm |work=[[The Hindu]] |archive-date=23 September 2013 }}</ref> Although Kaif was offered a number of modelling assignments,<ref name="that's kat" /> filmmakers were hesitant to cast her because of her poor command of Hindi.<ref>{{cite web|title=When John Abraham made Katrina Kaif cry|url=http://movies.ndtv.com/bollywood/when-john-abraham-made-katrina-kaif-cry-254720|publisher=[[NDTV]]|date=14 August 2012|access-date=21 September 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130928224457/http://movies.ndtv.com/bollywood/when-john-abraham-made-katrina-kaif-cry-254720|archive-date=28 September 2013}}</ref> In one instance, [[Mahesh Bhatt]] replaced her with [[Tara Sharma]] in ''[[Saaya (2003 film)|Saaya]]'' (2003) as he found her an "inconsistent performer".<ref>{{cite web|last1=Lalwani |first1=Vickey |title=Will Saaya repeat Raaz's success? |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/2003/mar/03saaya.htm |work=Rediff.com |date=3 March 2003 |access-date=4 December 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141213002527/http://www.rediff.com/movies/2003/mar/03saaya.htm |archive-date=13 December 2014 }}</ref> Subsequently, Kaif began working on her diction through Hindi classes.<ref name="that's kat" />

After the failure of her first Bollywood project, Kaif appeared in the [[Telugu cinema|Telugu film]] ''[[Malliswari (2004 film)|Malliswari]]'' (2004). With [[Daggubati Venkatesh]], she played the title role of a princess forced to flee from her murderous caretaker. Kaif received a reported {{INRConvert|7.5|m}} for the film, the highest salary for a [[Cinema of South India|South Indian]] film actress at the time. Despite negative reviews for her acting, ''Malliswari'' was a profitable venture.<ref>{{cite web|title=South India's new faces |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/south-india-s-new-faces-imagegallery-0-events-jdwmCvijjggsi.html |publisher=Sify |access-date=1 March 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140716022822/http://www.sify.com/movies/south-india-s-new-faces-imagegallery-0-events-jdwmCvijjggsi.html |archive-date=16 July 2014 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Pillai |first=Shreedhar |title="Malliswari" mania |url=http://www.hindu.com/mp/2004/02/19/stories/2004021900960300.htm |access-date=21 September 2013 |date=19 February 2004 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130923013049/http://www.hindu.com/mp/2004/02/19/stories/2004021900960300.htm |work=[[The Hindu]] |archive-date=23 September 2013 }}</ref>

In 2005, Kaif appeared briefly as [[Abhishek Bachchan]]'s girlfriend in [[Ram Gopal Varma]]'s [[political thriller]] ''[[Sarkar (2005 film)|Sarkar]]''.<ref>{{cite web|last=Jha |first=Subhash K. |title=Katrina's voice dubbed again |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/katrinas-voice-dubbed-again-news-bollywood-kkfv1Lbecbbsi.html |publisher=Sify |access-date=28 March 2014 |date=25 July 2005 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140717013629/http://www.sify.com/movies/katrinas-voice-dubbed-again-news-bollywood-kkfv1Lbecbbsi.html |archive-date=17 July 2014 }}</ref> She next featured alongside [[Salman Khan]], [[Sushmita Sen]] and [[Sohail Khan]] in ''[[Maine Pyaar Kyun Kiya?]]'', a film she considered her "first real step into Bollywood".<ref>{{cite news |last=Jha |first=Subhash K. |title=Adi is my kind of director: Katrina |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/news-feed/nm14/adi-is-my-kind-of-director-katrina/article1-133690.aspx |access-date=10 December 2014 |work=Hindustan Times |date=3 August 2006 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141216143049/http://www.hindustantimes.com/news-feed/nm14/adi-is-my-kind-of-director-katrina/article1-133690.aspx |archive-date=16 December 2014 }}</ref> Directed by [[David Dhawan]], the film was a successful remake of the romantic comedy ''[[Cactus Flower (film)|Cactus Flower]]''.<ref>{{cite web|last=Jha |first=Subhash K. |title=We need laughter in our lives |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/2004/jul/29david.htm |date=29 July 2004 |work=Rediff.com |access-date=23 October 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029191922/http://www.rediff.com/movies/2004/jul/29david.htm |archive-date=29 October 2013 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Box office cold to Bipasha's sizzle |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/2005/aug/23box.htm |date=23 August 2005 |work=Rediff.com |access-date=23 October 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029190549/http://www.rediff.com/movies/2005/aug/23box.htm |archive-date=29 October 2013 }}</ref> For her role as a suicidal model, Kaif received the [[Stardust Award for Breakthrough Performance – Female]].<ref>{{cite news|last=Bose|first=Derek|title=Director's choice|url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2009/20090228/saturday/main1.htm|access-date=29 June 2014|work=The Tribune|date=28 February 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100830001547/http://www.tribuneindia.com/2009/20090228/saturday/main1.htm|archive-date=30 August 2010 }}</ref> According to Sukanya Verma of [[Rediff.com]], "Katrina's [[Disney Princess#Disney Princesses|Disney princess]]-like charm adds to her adorable screen presence".<ref>{{cite web|last=Verma |first=Sukanya |title=David Dhawan does it again with MPKK |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/2005/jul/15mpkk.htm |work=Rediff.com |access-date=21 September 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130923094202/http://www.rediff.com/movies/2005/jul/15mpkk.htm |archive-date=23 September 2013 }}</ref> Kaif followed with a small part in her second Telugu film, ''[[Allari Pidugu]]''.<ref>{{cite news|title=Commercial potboiler |url=http://www.hindu.com/2005/10/08/stories/2005100806350200.htm |access-date=21 September 2013 |date=8 October 2005 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130925143908/http://www.hindu.com/2005/10/08/stories/2005100806350200.htm |work=[[The Hindu]] |archive-date=25 September 2013 }}</ref>

=== Breakthrough and rise to prominence (2006–2008) ===
[[File:Katrina Kaif- 2006 IIFA Awards.jpg|thumb|alt=A woman is smiling away from the camera.|Kaif at the [[7th IIFA Awards|2006 IIFA Awards]]|left|250x250px]]In 2006, she appeared with [[Akshay Kumar]] for the first of many films in [[Raj Kanwar]]'s unsuccessful ''[[Humko Deewana Kar Gaye]]'',<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=212&catName=MjAwNg== |title=Box Office 2006 |publisher=[[Box Office India]] |access-date=21 September 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131014132118/http://boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=212&catName=MjAwNg%3D%3D |archive-date=14 October 2013 |url-status=dead }}</ref> a story of two like-minded strangers who fall in love despite being engaged to others. [[Sify]] wrote that Kaif was "passably competent in a tailor-made role, giving a mild emotional spin to a couple of scenes" but was overshadowed by her supporting actresses.<ref>{{cite web |title=Movie Review: Humko Deewana Kar Gaye |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/bollywood/preview.php?ctid=5&cid=2425&id=14185919 |publisher=Sify |access-date=10 July 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140717000538/http://www.sify.com/movies/bollywood/preview.php?ctid=5&cid=2425&id=14185919 |archive-date=17 July 2014 }}</ref> Kaif also appeared with [[Mammootty]] in the [[Malayalam cinema|Malayalam]] [[Crime fiction|crime thriller]] ''[[Balram vs. Tharadas]]'',<ref>{{cite web|title=Good cinema should excite the minds |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/malayalam/interview.php?id=14196231&cid=2406 |publisher=Sify |access-date=22 September 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141024045841/http://www.sify.com/movies/malayalam/interview.php?id=14196231&cid=2406 |archive-date=24 October 2014 }}</ref> in which Rishi Raj Singh of ''The Hindu'' called her performance "marvellous".<ref>{{cite news|last=Singh |first=Rishi R. |title=A crime thriller from I.V. Sasi |url=http://www.hindu.com/2006/05/02/stories/2006050200940200.htm |access-date=22 September 2013 |date=2 May 2006 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130927055745/http://www.hindu.com/2006/05/02/stories/2006050200940200.htm |work=[[The Hindu]] |archive-date=27 September 2013 }}</ref>

Kaif's career prospects changed in 2007, when she appeared in four Bollywood hits.<ref name="dhoom">{{cite news|last=Ghosh |first=Debasmita |title=From Boom to Dhoom: Katrina Kaif's best movies |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/Entertainment/Bollywood/From-Boom-to-Dhoom-Katrina-Kaif-s-best-movies/Article1-1127029.aspx |access-date=22 February 2014 |work=Hindustan Times |date=25 September 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140221125944/http://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/from-boom-to-dhoom-katrina-kaif-s-best-movies/article1-1127029.aspx |archive-date=21 February 2014 }}</ref> In an interview with ''The Indian Express'', she called [[Vipul Amrutlal Shah]]'s romantic comedy ''[[Namastey London]]'' a milestone, saying that "for the first time, [she] had a dominating role".<ref name="hundred" /> Kaif used her life in London as a reference for her role as a spoilt [[British Indian]] girl intent on marrying her self-centred British boyfriend, despite her parents' disapproval.<ref>{{cite news|title=The other Kaif |url=http://www.hindu.com/mp/2007/03/22/stories/2007032200830100.htm |access-date=22 September 2013 |date=22 March 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130927225418/http://www.hindu.com/mp/2007/03/22/stories/2007032200830100.htm |work=[[The Hindu]] |archive-date=27 September 2013 }}</ref> Although critics expressed mixed views on the film,<ref>{{cite news |last=Kotwani |first=Hiren |title=Vipul Shah defends Namastey London |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/News-Feed/Bollwood/Vipul-Shah-defends-Namastey-London/Article1-212487.aspx |access-date=22 September 2013 |work=Hindustan Times |date=29 March 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130929235303/http://www.hindustantimes.com/News-Feed/Bollwood/Vipul-Shah-defends-Namastey-London/Article1-212487.aspx |archive-date=29 September 2013 }}</ref> Sukanya Verma wrote that Kaif "suits the role to the T" and "brings the zingy mix of her character alive with style and substance".<ref>{{cite web|last=Verma |first=Sukanya |title=Namastey London is a fun ride |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/2007/mar/23nl.htm |date=23 March 2007 |work=Rediff.com |access-date=22 September 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130927213900/http://www.rediff.com/movies/2007/mar/23nl.htm |archive-date=27 September 2013 }}</ref> Kaif's chemistry with co-star Akshay Kumar was particularly well received, with [[Nikhat Kazmi]] of ''[[The Times of India]]'' calling their casting "refreshing".<ref>{{cite news|last=Kazmi |first=Nikhat |title=Namastey London |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/movie-reviews/hindi/Namastey-London/movie-review/1802925.cms |access-date=22 September 2013 |work=The Times of India |date=24 March 2007 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131222013623/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/movie-reviews/hindi/Namastey-London/movie-review/1802925.cms |archive-date=22 December 2013 }}</ref> Taran Adarsh from [[Bollywood Hungama]] mentioned "Katrina is a revelation. The actor surprised you with a confident performance in ''[[Humko Deewana Kar Gaye]]'' and now, in [[Namastey London|''Namaste London'']], she comes up with a spirited performance yet again. She handles the complex part with remarkable ease."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/namastey-london/critic-review/|title=Namastey London Review – Bollywood Hungama|last=Hungama|first=Bollywood|website=Bollywood Hungama|language=en-US|access-date=24 April 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180508184928/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/namastey-london/critic-review/|archive-date=8 May 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>

She had a supporting role as a doctor in the sports drama ''[[Apne]]''. The film was highly anticipated as it marked the first appearance of [[Dharmendra]] with his sons, [[Sunny Deol]] and [[Bobby Deol]].<ref>{{cite web|last=Gajjar |first=Manish |title=Apne |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/shropshire/films/bollywood/2007/05/apne_preview.shtml |publisher=BBC |access-date=8 October 2014 |date=15 April 2007 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080226134026/http://www.bbc.co.uk/shropshire/films/bollywood/2007/05/apne_preview.shtml |archive-date=26 February 2008 }}</ref> After ''Apne'' she rejoined director David Dhawan and Salman Khan for the comedy ''[[Partner (2007 film)|Partner]]'', a remake of ''[[Hitch (film)|Hitch]]'' which also starred [[Govinda (actor)|Govinda]] and [[Lara Dutta]].<ref>{{cite news|last=Krishna|first=Sonali|title=Partner may face $30 mn Hitch|url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2007-08-08/news/27673674_1_hitch-indian-films-bollywood|access-date=3 March 2014|work=[[The Economic Times]]|date=8 August 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131221193833/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2007-08-08/news/27673674_1_hitch-indian-films-bollywood|archive-date=21 December 2013|url-status=live}}</ref> With a worldwide revenue of {{INRConvert|1.03|b}}, the film was a major financial success.<ref name="boxoffice2007">{{cite web|url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=214&catName=MjAwNw== |title=Box Office 2007 |publisher=Box Office India |access-date=22 September 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131014132441/http://boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=214&catName=MjAwNw%3D%3D |archive-date=14 October 2013 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="top">{{cite web|url=http://boxofficeindia.com/arounddetail.php?page=shownews&articleid=3997&nCat=|title=Top All Time Worldwide Grossers Updated 11/5/2012|publisher=Box Office India|access-date=13 October 2013|date=11 May 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131105215110/http://www.boxofficeindia.com/arounddetail.php?page=shownews&articleid=4409&nCat=|archive-date=5 November 2013}}</ref> Kaif's final film of the year was [[Anees Bazmee]]'s comedy ''[[Welcome (2007 film)|Welcome]]'', alongside Akshay Kumar, [[Nana Patekar]], [[Mallika Sherawat]] and [[Anil Kapoor]]. Although the film generated mostly negative reviews, it proved to be the [[List of Bollywood films of 2007|second highest-grossing Bollywood film of 2007]].<ref name="dhoom" /><ref name="boxoffice2007" /> The similarity of Kaif's roles was noted by [[Shoma Chaudhury]] of ''[[Tehelka]]'', who called her "unabashed eye-candy", adding that she was "a pretty prop in ''Welcome''" and "more of the same in ''Partner'' and ''Apne''".<ref name="man" />

[[File:Akshay & Katrina on the sets of Welcome.jpg|thumb|alt=A man and a woman are looking away from the camera. The man is dressed in formal clothes, while the woman is wearing a light pink dress.|Kaif and [[Akshay Kumar]] on the set of ''[[Welcome (2007 film)|Welcome]]''; they teamed in several successful films.<ref>{{cite news |last=Tuteja |first=Joginder |title=I'll be there to guide any damsel in distress: Akshay |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/news-feed/entertainment/i-ll-be-there-to-guide-any-damsel-in-distress-akshay/article1-479407.aspx |access-date=4 December 2014 |work=Hindustan Times |date=23 November 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150205100659/http://www.hindustantimes.com/news-feed/entertainment/i-ll-be-there-to-guide-any-damsel-in-distress-akshay/article1-479407.aspx |archive-date=5 February 2015 }}</ref>|235x235px]]

In 2008, the actress had three releases, the first of which was [[Abbas-Mustan]]'s action thriller ''[[Race (2008 film)|Race]]'', a story about two stepbrothers-turned-rivals who are in contention for their father's [[Insurance#Life|insurance money]]. Kaif played [[Saif Ali Khan]]'s secretary, who is his stepbrother's ([[Akshaye Khanna]]) lover. Nikhat Kazmi was appreciative of the film, praising its "super cool look [and] testosterone-high action sequences" but found Kaif "too pale" in her role.<ref>{{cite news|last=Kazmi |first=Nikhat |title=Race Review |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/movie-reviews/hindi/Race/movie-review/2888134.cms |access-date=22 September 2013 |work=The Times of India |date=21 March 2008 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131010184938/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/movie-reviews/hindi/Race/movie-review/2888134.cms |archive-date=10 October 2013 }}</ref> After ''Race'', Kaif rejoined Akshay Kumar in Anees Bazmee's action comedy ''[[Singh Is Kinng]]''. The film earned {{INRConvert|1.25|b}} worldwide, making it Kaif's sixth consecutive box-office success.<ref name="sixhits" /><ref name="top" /><ref name="boxoffice2008">{{cite web|url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=215&catName=MjAwOA== |title=Box Office 2008 |publisher=Box Office India |access-date=23 September 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131014132123/http://boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=215&catName=MjAwOA%3D%3D |archive-date=14 October 2013 |url-status=dead }}</ref> However, she received mixed reviews for her performance.<ref name="dhoom" /> [[Rajeev Masand]] of [[CNN-IBN]] reviewed: "Katrina Kaif is an eyesore ... her acting so weak you want to urge her to watch everyone from [[Madhubala]] to [[Madhuri Dixit|Madhuri]] so she might pick up a few tricks".<ref>{{cite web|last=Masand |first=Rajeev |title=Masand's Verdict: Singh is Kinng |url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/singh-is-kinng-a-dead-zone-of-comedy/70704-8.html |publisher=CNN-IBN |access-date=22 September 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130922190131/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/singh-is-kinng-a-dead-zone-of-comedy/70704-8.html |archive-date=22 September 2013 }}</ref>

Kaif's final film of the year—[[Subhash Ghai]]'s drama ''[[Yuvvraaj]]''—was a major box-office failure.<ref name="boxoffice2008" /> In preparation for her role as a cellist she practised her playing with orchestra members.<ref>{{cite news|last=KBR|first=Upala|title=KAIFi tagda hai|url=http://archive.mid-day.com/entertainment/2008/nov/131108-Salman-Khan-Katrina-Kaif-Pranksters-Cello-Yuvvraaj-Bollywood.htm|access-date=23 October 2013|work=[[Mid-Day]]|date=13 November 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141013055443/http://archive.mid-day.com/entertainment/2008/nov/131108-Salman-Khan-Katrina-Kaif-Pranksters-Cello-Yuvvraaj-Bollywood.htm|archive-date=13 October 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> Her portrayal of a girl forbidden by her father from marrying her poor lover was well received by Sify's Sonia Chopra: "Katrina is wonderful, plays the cello convincingly, and looks ethereal".<ref>{{cite web |last=Chopra |first=Sonia |title=Review: Yuvvraaj a yawn of a moral science lesson |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/review-yuvvraaj-a-yawn-of-a-moral-science-lesson-review-bollywood-14803151.html |publisher=[[Sify]] |access-date=22 October 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131222174804/http://www.sify.com/movies/review-yuvvraaj-a-yawn-of-a-moral-science-lesson-review-bollywood-14803151.html |archive-date=22 December 2013 }}</ref> Despite the film's mixed critical reception, its screenplay was added to the library of the [[Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences]] for its artistic merit.<ref>{{cite news|last=Memon |first=Ayaz |title=When lines are crossed |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/analysis/column-when-lines-are-crossed-1208634 |access-date=19 July 2014 |work=[[Daily News and Analysis]] |date=22 November 2008 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140727164342/http://www.dnaindia.com/analysis/column-when-lines-are-crossed-1208634 |archive-date=27 July 2014 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Subhash Ghai's Yuvvraaj goes to Oscar library |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/News-Feed/Entertainment/Subhash-Ghai-s-Yuvvraaj-goes-to-Oscar-library/Article1-377914.aspx |access-date=22 September 2013 |work=Hindustan Times |date=12 February 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130929235306/http://www.hindustantimes.com/News-Feed/Entertainment/Subhash-Ghai-s-Yuvvraaj-goes-to-Oscar-library/Article1-377914.aspx |archive-date=29 September 2013 }}</ref>

Before ''[[New York (2009 film)|New York]]'', Kaif's voice was [[Dubbing (filmmaking)|dubbed over]] by voice artists in most of her films due to her lack of fluency in Hindi and other Indian languages.{{efn|name=B|In ''Boom'', ''Namastey London'' and ''Singh is Kingg'', Kaif's real voice was retained.<ref>{{cite news |title=Stars with voiceovers |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/stars-with-voiceovers/article1-908137.aspx |access-date=16 October 2014 |work=Hindustan Times |date=4 August 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141021185115/http://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/stars-with-voiceovers/article1-908137.aspx |archive-date=21 October 2014 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Katrina finds her voice |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Katrina-finds-her-voice/articleshow/2212297.cms |access-date=16 October 2014 |work=The Times of India |date=20 October 2006 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141025175924/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Katrina-finds-her-voice/articleshow/2212297.cms |archive-date=25 October 2014 }}</ref>}} Although she appeared in a series of successful films, critics noted that she had little to do in them as they were generally [[Androcentrism|male-dominated]].<ref name="sixhits" /><ref>{{cite news|last=Vijayakar |first=Rajiv |title=New queen bee? |url=http://www.deccanherald.com/content/274159/queen-bee.html |access-date=19 July 2014 |work=[[Deccan Chronicle]] |date=26 August 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140726082502/http://www.deccanherald.com/content/274159/queen-bee.html |archive-date=26 July 2014 }}</ref> Her performances were also largely criticised.<ref>{{cite news|last=Kaul |first=Vivek |title=Deepika is the new Katrina |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/blogs/post-deepika-is-the-new-katrina-1581434 |access-date=22 September 2013 |work=Daily News and Analysis |date=31 July 2009 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141012222006/http://www.dnaindia.com/blogs/post-deepika-is-the-new-katrina-1581434 |archive-date=12 October 2014 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=I look at acting more as motivation than inspiration: Katrina |url=http://zeenews.india.com/exclusive/i-look-at-acting-more-as-motivation-than-inspiration-katrina_4092.html |publisher=Zee News |access-date=11 October 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131014040601/http://zeenews.india.com/exclusive/i-look-at-acting-more-as-motivation-than-inspiration-katrina_4092.html |archive-date=14 October 2013 |date=22 November 2008 }}</ref> About her series of glamorous roles, Kaif said that her "first few films were really a process of learning ... There was no target".<ref name="cream" /> Kaif participated in Shah Rukh Khan's "Temptations Reloaded" world concert tour in 2008. Also featuring [[Kareena Kapoor Khan|Kareena Kapoor]] and Arjun Rampal, the tour began in [[Amsterdam]] in June and ended four months later in [[Dubai]]'s Festival City Arena before an audience of 15,000.<ref>{{cite web|title=SRK's Temptations Reloaded 2008 kick starts!|url=http://specials.rediff.com/movies/2008/jun/27sld1.htm|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090410203435/http://specials.rediff.com/movies/2008/jun/27sld1.htm|archive-date=10 April 2009|access-date=12 October 2013|work=Rediff.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Radhakrishnan|first=Manjusha|date=26 October 2008|title=Saturday night live with Shah Rukh Khan|work=[[Gulf News]]|url=http://gulfnews.com/about-gulf-news/al-nisr-portfolio/tabloid/articles/saturday-night-live-with-shah-rukh-khan-1.138718|access-date=10 June 2014}}</ref>

=== ''New York'' and widespread recognition (2009–2013) ===
After a string of films in which she was cast to add glamour, Kaif appeared in [[Kabir Khan (director)|Kabir Khan]]'s terrorism drama ''New York'' (2009).<ref>{{cite news|last=Harshikaa |first=Udasi |title=Kat's crown |url=http://www.hindu.com/fr/2009/07/03/stories/2009070350010100.htm |access-date=23 September 2013 |date=3 July 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130928042938/http://www.hindu.com/fr/2009/07/03/stories/2009070350010100.htm |work=[[The Hindu]] |archive-date=28 September 2013 }}</ref> Featuring [[John Abraham (actor)|John Abraham]] and [[Neil Nitin Mukesh]] in lead roles, the film tells the story of how three friends' lives are changed when the former is [[Post-9/11#Suspicion|wrongly detained]] after [[September 11 attacks|9/11]]. Kaif played Maya, a college student who later marries a terrorist. The actress said that she identified with Maya, since she experienced similar isolation because of her skin colour when she was growing up in London.<ref>{{cite news|title=I was conscious of my skin colour while growing up: Katrina |url=http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/i-was-conscious-of-my-skin-colour-while-growing-up-katrina/480776/ |access-date=23 September 2013 |work=The Indian Express |date=24 June 2009 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222152209/http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/i-was-conscious-of-my-skin-colour-while-growing-up-katrina/480776/ |archive-date=22 February 2014 }}</ref> Kaif also remarked that she was tired of "arm candy" roles and was looking for more substantial parts.<ref name="arm candy">{{cite news|title=Kat is only Akshay's arm candy|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2009-08-07/news-interviews/28190362_1_akshay-kumar-katrina-kaif-s-homepage-film|access-date=23 September 2013|date=7 August 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130928093920/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2009-08-07/news-interviews/28190362_1_akshay-kumar-katrina-kaif-s-homepage-film|archive-date=28 September 2013|work=[[The Times of India]]|url-status=dead}}</ref> ''New York'' did well at the box office and received favourable reviews.<ref name="boxoffice2009">{{cite web|url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=288&catName=MjAwOQ== |title=Box Office 2009 |publisher=Box Office India |access-date=11 October 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131014131907/http://boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=288&catName=MjAwOQ%3D%3D |archive-date=14 October 2013 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=I am not glamorous in real life: Katrina Kaif |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/News-Feed/Entertainment/I-am-not-glamorous-in-real-life-Katrina-Kaif/Article1-472226.aspx |access-date=25 June 2014 |work=Hindustan Times |date=3 November 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714122213/http://www.hindustantimes.com/News-Feed/Entertainment/I-am-not-glamorous-in-real-life-Katrina-Kaif/Article1-472226.aspx |archive-date=14 July 2014 }}</ref> According to [[Subhash K. Jha]], Kaif "comes into her own as an actress of substance ... From the carefree effervescent campus girl to the anguished wife, Katrina makes the journey look plausible all the way".<ref>{{cite news|last=Jha |first=Subhash K. |title='New York', a remarkable effort |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/news-interviews/New-York-a-remarkable-effort/articleshow/4709214.cms?referral=PM |access-date=23 September 2013 |work=The Times of India |date=27 June 2009 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160215052638/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/news-interviews/New-York-a-remarkable-effort/articleshow/4709214.cms?referral=PM |archive-date=15 February 2016 }}</ref> A reviewer for ''The Times of India'' considered it to be the "best performance of her entire career."<ref>{{cite news|title=New York Movie Review|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/movie-reviews/new-york/movie-review/4707568.cms|work=The Times of India|date=26 June 2009|access-date=25 April 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180716185345/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/movie-reviews/New-York/movie-review/4707568.cms|archive-date=16 July 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> ''New York'' brought Kaif her first [[Filmfare Award for Best Actress#2010s|Filmfare Award nomination for Best Actress]].<ref name="awards">{{cite web|url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/celebritymicro/awards/id/3458 |title=Katrina Kaif | Latest Celebrity Awards |access-date=12 November 2014 |publisher=Bollywood Hungama |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141112101550/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/celebritymicro/awards/id/3458 |archive-date=12 November 2014 }}</ref> She then appeared in a cameo for India's first underwater thriller ''[[Blue (2009 film)|Blue]]''.<ref>{{cite news|last=Jha|first=Subhash K.|title=Katrina's guest performance in Blue lasts just 8 minutes|url=http://archive.mid-day.com/entertainment/2009/aug/190809-Bollywood-Katrina-Kaif-Blue-underwater-thriller-guest-performance.htm|access-date=23 September 2013|work=[[Mid-Day]]|date=19 August 2009}}</ref> Kaif starred with [[Ranbir Kapoor]] in [[Rajkumar Santoshi]]'s hit comedy, ''[[Ajab Prem Ki Ghazab Kahani]]'' (2009), as an orphan forced to marry a rich man.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=288&catName=MjAwOQ== |title=Box Office 2009 |publisher=Box Office India |access-date=28 January 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131014131907/http://boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=288&catName=MjAwOQ%3D%3D |archive-date=14 October 2013 |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Taran Adarsh]] of [[Bollywood Hungama]] wrote, "Katrina Kaif continues to surprise ... She scores in both emotional and light scenes" and called her chemistry with Kapoor "electrifying".<ref>{{cite web|last=Adarsh |first=Taran |title=Ajab Prem Ki Ghazab Kahani (2009) Review |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/criticreview/id/510223 |publisher=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |access-date=23 September 2013 |date=6 November 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131015042425/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/criticreview/id/510223 |archive-date=15 October 2013 }}</ref> Her final film of the year was [[Priyadarshan]]'s comedy ''[[De Dana Dan]]''.<ref name="arm candy" /> She performed with [[Akon]] at the closing ceremony of the [[2009 Indian Premier League]] at the [[Wanderers Stadium]] in [[Johannesburg]],<ref>{{cite web|title=Katrina-Akon bring curtains down on IPL 2009|url=http://www.sify.com/sports/katrina-akon-bring-curtains-down-on-ipl-2009-imagegallery-cricket-jfzjK9bdhgc.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131208034538/http://www.sify.com/sports/katrina-akon-bring-curtains-down-on-ipl-2009-imagegallery-cricket-jfzjK9bdhgc.html|archive-date=8 December 2013|access-date=28 January 2013|publisher=Sify}}</ref>
[[File:Katrina Kaif.jpg|thumb|alt=A woman dressed in a white salwar kameez (traditional Indian dress) with her hair down is smiling and looking away from the camera.|Kaif at a promotional event for ''[[Zindagi Na Milegi Dobara]]'', 2011|272x272px]]

In 2010, Kaif appeared in [[Prakash Jha]]'s political thriller ''[[Raajneeti]]'' as part of an ensemble cast which included Ranbir Kapoor, [[Ajay Devgan]], [[Arjun Rampal]], Nana Patekar, [[Manoj Bajpai]] and [[Sarah Thompson (actress)|Sarah Thompson]]. The film took inspiration from ''[[Mahabharata|The Mahabharata]]'' and [[Mario Puzo]]'s 1969 novel ''[[The Godfather (novel)|The Godfather]]''.<ref>{{cite news|last=Lahiri |first=Tripti |url=https://blogs.wsj.com/indiarealtime/2010/06/04/rajneeti-mahabharat-godfather-set-in-bhopal/ |title='Rajneeti': 'Mahabharat,' 'Godfather,' in Bhopal |work=[[The Wall Street Journal]] |date=4 June 2010 |access-date=11 October 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131015075752/https://blogs.wsj.com/indiarealtime/2010/06/04/rajneeti-mahabharat-godfather-set-in-bhopal/ |archive-date=15 October 2013 }}</ref> Set in [[Bhopal]], the film described a fiercely fought election campaign by two parties attempting to seize power with manipulation, corruption and treachery. Although there was media speculation before the film's release that Kaif's character was based on [[Sonia Gandhi]], the actress denied this. In preparation for her role as Indu (a politician loosely based on [[Draupadi]]), she watched [[Priyanka Gandhi]]'s election campaign videos to study the body language and interaction of politicians.<ref>{{cite web|title=I was shocked when approached for Raajneeti |url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/i-was-shocked-when-approached-for-raajneeti/115962-8-66.html |publisher=CNN-IBN |access-date=20 April 2014 |date=22 May 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140421083323/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/i-was-shocked-when-approached-for-raajneeti/115962-8-66.html |archive-date=21 April 2014 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=I watched Priyanka Gandhi's videos to get Rajneeti look: Katrina |url=http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/I+watched+Priyanka+Gandhi's+videos+to+get+Rajneeti+look:+Katrina/1/94724.html |access-date=23 September 2013 |work=India Today |date=26 April 2010 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140427030623/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/I%20watched%20Priyanka%20Gandhi%27s%20videos%20to%20get%20Rajneeti%20look%3A%20Katrina/1/94724.html |archive-date=27 April 2014 }}</ref> The film received mainly positive reviews from critics.<ref>{{cite news |last=Bhirani |first=Radhika |title=Raajneeti has coffers ringing with political winner |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/News-Feed/Entertainment/Raajneeti-has-coffers-ringing-with-political-winner/Article1-555238.aspx |access-date=22 October 2013 |work=Hindustan Times |date=9 June 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131025174724/http://www.hindustantimes.com/News-Feed/Entertainment/Raajneeti-has-coffers-ringing-with-political-winner/Article1-555238.aspx |archive-date=25 October 2013 }}</ref> Rajeev Masand found ''Raajneeti'' "thrilling and gripping", though [[Namrata Joshi]] was more critical and expressed her disappointment over the film's depiction of women.<ref>{{cite web|last=Masand |first=Rajeev |title='Raajneeti' is thrilling and gripping |url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/masand-raajneeti-is-thrilling-and-gripping/121986-8-84.html |publisher=CNN-IBN |access-date=13 January 2014 |date=5 June 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140113231757/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/masand-raajneeti-is-thrilling-and-gripping/121986-8-84.html |archive-date=13 January 2014 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Joshi |first=Namrata |title=Rajneeti |url=http://www.outlookindia.com/article/Rajneeti/265711 |access-date=24 September 2013 |work=[[Outlook (Indian magazine)|Outlook]] |date=4 June 2010 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714144900/http://www.outlookindia.com/article/Rajneeti/265711 |archive-date=14 July 2014 }}</ref> Nikhat Kazmi considered Kaif's performance to be "carefree and camera-unconscious" and wrote that she "seems to slip into the high-powered shoes easily".<ref>{{cite news|last=Kazmi |first=Nikhat |title=Raajneeti Review |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/movie-reviews/hindi/Raajneeti/movie-review/6007822.cms |access-date=23 September 2013 |work=The Times of India |date=3 June 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120820214326/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/movie-reviews/hindi/Raajneeti/movie-review/6007822.cms |archive-date=20 August 2012 }}</ref> The film was highly successful at the box office, receiving a total collection of {{INRConvert|1.4|b}}.<ref name="top" /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=318&catName=MjAxMA== |title=Box Office 2010 |publisher=Box Office India |access-date=23 September 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131014062657/http://www.boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=318&catName=MjAxMA%3D%3D |archive-date=14 October 2013 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

Kaif collaborated with Akshay Kumar for the sixth time in the [[slapstick]] comedy ''[[Tees Maar Khan (2010 film)|Tees Maar Khan]]'' (2010).<ref>{{cite web|title=Akshay Kumar wants Katrina as his lady |url=http://www.emirates247.com/entertainment/akshay-kumar-wants-katrina-as-his-lady-2012-04-02-1.451645 |publisher=[[Emirates 24/7]] |date=2 April 2012 |access-date=10 December 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141214182711/http://www.emirates247.com/entertainment/akshay-kumar-wants-katrina-as-his-lady-2012-04-02-1.451645 |archive-date=14 December 2014 }}</ref> For her role as an aspiring actress, Kaif appeared in a popular [[item number]] titled "[[Sheila Ki Jawani]]". The song was choreographed by the film's director [[Farah Khan]] and for the belly dancing portion of the song, Kaif was trained by expert Veronica D'Souza.<ref>{{cite news|last=Dabholkar|first=Reshma K.|title=Katrina: Bollywood's only belly dancer|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Katrina-Bollywoods-only-belly-dancer/pmredirectshow/7058136.cms?|access-date=19 May 2015|work=The Times of India|date=7 December 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180208112323/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Katrina-Bollywoods-only-belly-dancer/pmredirectshow/7058136.cms|archive-date=8 February 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> "Sheila Ki Jawani" was often compared to another item number released the same year "[[Munni Badnaam Hui]]" from ''[[Dabangg]]''.<ref>{{cite news|last=Wangoo|first=Anupama|title=Sheila steals Munni's thunder|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chandigarh/Sheila-steals-Munnis-thunder/articleshow/7164852.cms?referral=PM|access-date=21 May 2015|work=The Times of India|date=26 December 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180208112323/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chandigarh/Sheila-steals-Munnis-thunder/articleshow/7164852.cms?referral=PM|archive-date=8 February 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> Despite the song's popularity, ''Tees Maar Khan'' was panned by critics and underperformed at the box office.<ref>{{cite news |title=TMK fails to impress critics |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/Entertainment/Bollywood/TMK-fails-to-impress-critics/Article1-642276.aspx |access-date=22 October 2013 |work=Hindustan Times |date=24 December 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131025174721/http://www.hindustantimes.com/Entertainment/Bollywood/TMK-fails-to-impress-critics/Article1-642276.aspx |archive-date=25 October 2013 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Fall and fall of akki |url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1110209/jsp/entertainment/story_13553921.jsp |access-date=10 December 2014 |work=[[The Telegraph (Calcutta)|The Telegraph]] |date=9 February 2011 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141210050313/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1110209/jsp/entertainment/story_13553921.jsp |archive-date=10 December 2014 }}</ref> Kaif's portrayal was not well received; Renuka Rao of ''[[Daily News and Analysis]]'' said that her "drama queen act is performed ... poorly", but noted that she "does full justice" to the item number.<ref>{{cite news|last=Rao |first=Renuka |title=Review: Tees Maar Khan is not worth even a free ticket |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/review-review-tees-maar-khan-is-not-worth-even-a-free-ticket-1485367 |access-date=23 September 2013 |work=Daily News and Analysis |date=3 December 2010 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141012223534/http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/review-review-tees-maar-khan-is-not-worth-even-a-free-ticket-1485367 |archive-date=12 October 2014 }}</ref>

The following year, Kaif was paired with [[Hrithik Roshan]] in [[Zoya Akhtar]]'s coming-of-age dramedy ''[[Zindagi Na Milegi Dobara]]''.<ref>{{cite news|last=Lalwani|first=Vickey|title=No issues with the kiss: Hrithik Roshan, Katrina Kaif|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-06-24/news-interviews/29698522_1_katrina-kaif-kiss-locking-lips|access-date=24 September 2013|date=24 June 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130928034348/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-06-24/news-interviews/29698522_1_katrina-kaif-kiss-locking-lips|archive-date=28 September 2013|work=[[The Times of India]]|url-status=dead}}</ref> The film narrates the story of three friends on a bachelor trip, and how the [[workaholic|workaholism]] of one was overcome with the help of Laila (Kaif). The film was a critical and commercial success.<ref>{{cite news|last=Sahni |first=Diksha |url=https://blogs.wsj.com/indiarealtime/2011/07/15/review-round-up-zindagi-na-milegi-dobara/ |title=Review Round-Up: 'Zindagi Na Milegi Dobara' |work=The Wall Street Journal |date=15 July 2011 |access-date=26 June 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714233533/https://blogs.wsj.com/indiarealtime/2011/07/15/review-round-up-zindagi-na-milegi-dobara/ |archive-date=14 July 2014 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/cpages.php?pageName=earnings|title=Box Office Earnings 19/08/10 – 25/08/11 (Nett Collections in Ind Rs)|publisher=Box Office India|access-date=10 December 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110903171326/http://www.boxofficeindia.com/cpages.php?pageName=earnings|archive-date=3 September 2011}}</ref> Richard Kuipers of ''[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]'' commented that she is "delightful as the sweet-natured girl who inspires everyone to look in the mirror and do something about it".<ref>{{cite news|last=Kuipers |first=Richard |title=Review: 'Zindagi na milegi dobara' |url=https://variety.com/2011/film/reviews/zindagi-na-milegi-dobara-1117945686/ |access-date=23 September 2013 |work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |date=21 July 2011 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130928223219/http://variety.com/2011/film/reviews/zindagi-na-milegi-dobara-1117945686/ |archive-date=28 September 2013 }}</ref> ''Zindagi Na Milegi Dobara'' was one of the most awarded films of the year and received numerous Best Film accolades.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/awards/id/535587|title=Zindagi Na Milegi Dobara (2011) | Latest Movie Awards|access-date=28 January 2014|publisher=Bollywood Hungama|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131103035713/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/awards/id/535587|archive-date=3 November 2013}}</ref>

Kaif then featured in [[Yash Raj Films]]' romantic comedy ''[[Mere Brother Ki Dulhan]]'' (2011) with [[Imran Khan (Bollywood actor)|Imran Khan]] and [[Ali Zafar]].<ref>{{cite news|last=Guharoy|first=Rounak|title=Imran Khan, Katrina Kaif set the stage on fire|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-08-11/news-interviews/29875873_1_ali-zafar-mere-brother-ki-dulhan-katrina-kaif|access-date=23 September 2013|date=11 August 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130928033847/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-08-11/news-interviews/29875873_1_ali-zafar-mere-brother-ki-dulhan-katrina-kaif|archive-date=28 September 2013|work=[[The Times of India]]|url-status=dead}}</ref> She was cast as Dimple Dixit, a "talkative", "unpredictable" girl, a role she described as challenging as the character's personality contrasted with her own.<ref>{{cite news|last=Jha|first=Subhash K.|title=Katrina gets headstrong!|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2010-11-04/news-interviews/28271258_1_ali-abbas-zafar-katrina-kaif-girl-after-much-preparation|access-date=24 September 2013|date=4 November 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130928033849/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2010-11-04/news-interviews/28271258_1_ali-abbas-zafar-katrina-kaif-girl-after-much-preparation|archive-date=28 September 2013|work=[[The Times of India]]|url-status=dead}}</ref> While the film earned mixed reviews, Kaif was generally praised for her portrayal.<ref name="dhoom" /><ref>{{cite news|last=Garia |first=Nikita |url=https://blogs.wsj.com/indiarealtime/2011/09/10/review-round-up-mere-brother-ki-dulhan/ |title=Review Round-Up: 'Mere Brother Ki Dulhan' |work=The Wall Street Journal |date=10 September 2011 |access-date=26 October 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029201255/https://blogs.wsj.com/indiarealtime/2011/09/10/review-round-up-mere-brother-ki-dulhan/ |archive-date=29 October 2013 }}</ref> The book ''Mother Maiden Mistress'' called Dimple one of the more interesting female characters of the year.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Somaaya|first1=Bhawana|last2=Kothari|first2=Jigna|last3=Madangarli|first3=Supriya|title=Mother Maiden Mistress: Women in Hindi Cinema, 1950–2010|date=9 January 2013|publisher=HarperCollins India|isbn=978-81-7223-859-9|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Dtec0Ykfo1sC&pg=RA5-PA2011|page=2011}}</ref> Gaurav Malani of ''[[The Economic Times]]'' said the film was watchable because of "Katrina's live-wire energy wherein she never goes overboard and keeps bustling with vivacity through the runtime".<ref>{{cite news|last=Malani|first=Gaurav|title=Mere Brother Ki Dulhan: Movie review|url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2011-09-09/news/30135706_1_mere-brother-ki-dulhan-katrina-kaif-imran-khan|access-date=23 September 2013|work=The Economic Times|date=9 September 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130928031353/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2011-09-09/news/30135706_1_mere-brother-ki-dulhan-katrina-kaif-imran-khan|archive-date=28 September 2013|url-status=live}}</ref> For this performance, Kaif received her second Filmfare nomination in the Best Actress category.<ref name="awards" />

[[File:Anushka Sharma, Shahrukh Khan and Katrina Kaif at the premiere of JAB TAK HAI JAAN.jpg|thumb|left|alt=A man in a suit is interlocking arms with two women. The woman on the left is wearing a blue one-shouldered gown with her hair up, while the woman on the right is wearing a gold sari (South Asian attire) with her hair down.|Kaif (right) with [[Anushka Sharma]] and [[Shah Rukh Khan]] at the premiere of ''[[Jab Tak Hai Jaan]]'', 2012|293x293px]]

In 2012, Kaif appeared in "[[Chikni Chameli]]", an item number in ''[[Agneepath (2012 film)|Agneepath]]'' that incorporated dance steps from the [[Lavani]] genre (a [[Maharashtra|Maharashtrian]] folk dance). The song was filmed over a ten-day period<ref>{{cite news|last=Raje|first=Abhishek|title=Chikni Chameli gets 3.8 million views within a week!|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-12-28/news-interviews/30562001_1_chikni-chameli-agneepath-katrina-kaif|access-date=12 October 2013|date=28 December 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131015114513/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-12-28/news-interviews/30562001_1_chikni-chameli-agneepath-katrina-kaif|archive-date=15 October 2013|work=[[The Times of India]]|url-status=dead}}</ref> and, according to the actress, "It was hard work. It was very fast and it was not a style I was used to, but I took it as a challenge".<ref>{{cite news |title=Chikni Chameli not my style: Katrina Kaif |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/Entertainment/Bollywood/Chikni-Chameli-not-my-style-Katrina-Kaif/Article1-787297.aspx |access-date=12 October 2013 |work=Hindustan Times |date=26 December 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131021230355/http://www.hindustantimes.com/Entertainment/Bollywood/Chikni-Chameli-not-my-style-Katrina-Kaif/Article1-787297.aspx |archive-date=21 October 2013 }}</ref> Kaif appeared next in Kabir Khan's espionage thriller ''[[Ek Tha Tiger]]'' as a Pakistani [[Inter-Services Intelligence|ISI]] agent who falls in love with an Indian [[Research and Analysis Wing|RAW]] agent. Shubhra Gupta of ''The Indian Express'' wrote about her performance: "Katrina is an able, animated foil to Salman, her long legs making her leaps and kicks credible".<ref>{{cite news|last=Gupta|first=Shubhra|title=Ek Tha Tiger|url=http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/ek-tha-tiger/989475/0|access-date=24 September 2013|work=The Indian Express|date=17 August 2012|archive-url=https://archive.today/20140204100146/http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/ek-tha-tiger/989475/0|archive-date=4 February 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> The film received predominantly positive reviews, with Aniruddha Guha of ''Daily News and Analysis'' calling it "smart and stylish".<ref>{{cite news |title=Critics Report: Ek Tha Tiger burning bright |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/Entertainment/Bollywood/Critics-Report-Ek-Tha-Tiger-burning-bright/Article1-914019.aspx |access-date=22 October 2013 |work=Hindustan Times |date=15 August 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131025174658/http://www.hindustantimes.com/Entertainment/Bollywood/Critics-Report-Ek-Tha-Tiger-burning-bright/Article1-914019.aspx |archive-date=25 October 2013 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Guha |first=Aniruddha |title=Aniruddha Guha reviews Ek Tha Tiger |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/review-aniruddha-guha-reviews-ek-tha-tiger-method-in-the-salman-madness-1728293 |work=Daily News and Analysis |date=15 August 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141012224312/http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/review-aniruddha-guha-reviews-ek-tha-tiger-method-in-the-salman-madness-1728293 |archive-date=12 October 2014 }}</ref> With worldwide earnings of {{INRConvert|3.1|b}}, ''Ek Tha Tiger'' was the [[List of Bollywood films of 2012|highest-grossing Bollywood film of the year]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/boxnewsdetail.php?page=shownews&articleid=5979&nCat=|title=Chennai Express Crosses Ek Tha Tiger Worldwide in Ten Days|publisher=Box Office India|access-date=21 September 2013|date=19 August 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131105220137/http://boxofficeindia.com/boxnewsdetail.php?page=shownews&articleid=5979&nCat=|archive-date=5 November 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.ibtimes.co.in/articles/415845/20121217/top-10-grossers-2012.htm |title=Top 10 Bollywood Box Office Grossers of 2012; "Ek Tha Tiger" Tops List |date=17 December 2012 |work=[[International Business Times]] |access-date=14 January 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140114080943/http://www.ibtimes.co.in/articles/415845/20121217/top-10-grossers-2012.htm |archive-date=14 January 2014 }}</ref>

That year Kaif also appeared with [[Shah Rukh Khan]] and [[Anushka Sharma]] in [[Yash Chopra]]'s [[Swan song#Idiom|swan song]], the romance ''[[Jab Tak Hai Jaan]]''.<ref>{{cite web|last=Roy|first=Gitanjali|title=Big bang at the box office today: Jab Tak Hai Jaan, Son Of Sardaar|url=http://movies.ndtv.com/bollywood/big-bang-at-the-box-office-today-jab-tak-hai-jaan-son-of-sardaar-291901|publisher=NDTV|access-date=28 March 2014|date=13 November 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140527015235/http://movies.ndtv.com/bollywood/big-bang-at-the-box-office-today-jab-tak-hai-jaan-son-of-sardaar-291901|archive-date=27 May 2014}}</ref> About working with Chopra, she remarked that he "undoubtedly is the king of romance and I have always admired the way he presents his heroines. It was always a dream to work with him and the reality is even better".<ref>{{cite news|title=Reality better than dreams: Katrina Kaif|url=http://archive.mid-day.com/entertainment/2012/apr/270412-Reality-better-than-dreams-Katrina-Kaif.htm|archive-url=https://archive.today/20140204102048/http://archive.mid-day.com/entertainment/2012/apr/270412-Reality-better-than-dreams-Katrina-Kaif.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=4 February 2014|access-date=24 September 2013|work=[[Mid-Day]]|date=27 April 2012}}</ref> She played Meera, a woman who promises God to end her affair with her comatose lover if he survives. Although the film received mostly positive reviews, Kaif's performance had a mixed reception.<ref>{{cite news|last=Rana |first=Preetika |url=https://blogs.wsj.com/indiarealtime/2012/11/13/review-round-up-jab-tak-hai-jaan-woos-critics/ |title=Review Round Up: 'Jab Tak Hai Jaan' Woos Critics |work=The Wall Street Journal |date=13 November 2012 |access-date=26 October 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029212135/https://blogs.wsj.com/indiarealtime/2012/11/13/review-round-up-jab-tak-hai-jaan-woos-critics/ |archive-date=29 October 2013 }}</ref> CNN-IBN wrote: "Meera's role was a difficult one and Katrina falls short in emotional scenes. It seems Katrina still doesn't feel very easy in front of the camera and has difficulty with complex expressions".<ref>{{cite web|last=Vats |first=Rohit |title=Jab Tak Hai Jaan: How has Katrina Kaif fared in the film? |url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/jab-tak-hai-jaan-how-has-katrina-kaif-fared-in-the-film/305984-8.html |publisher=CNN-IBN |access-date=24 September 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131009015036/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/jab-tak-hai-jaan-how-has-katrina-kaif-fared-in-the-film/305984-8.html |archive-date= 9 October 2013 }}</ref> Commercially, the film proved a box-office hit with revenues of {{INRConvert|2.11|b}} worldwide.<ref>{{cite news|last=Mehta |first=Ankita |title='Jab Tak Hai Jaan' Box Office Collection: Shahrukh Starrer is a Blockbuster Overseas |url=http://www.ibtimes.co.in/articles/411072/20121204/jab-tak-hai-jaan-box-office-collection.htm |work=International Business Times |access-date=24 September 2013 |date=4 December 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130927081651/http://www.ibtimes.co.in/articles/411072/20121204/jab-tak-hai-jaan-box-office-collection.htm |archive-date=27 September 2013 }}</ref>

=== Fluctuations and current work (2013–present) ===
Kaif rejoined Shah Rukh Khan for his 2013 "Temptations Reloaded" concert in [[Muscat, Oman|Muscat]], performing to an audience of over 18,000,<ref>{{cite video|url=http://ibnlive.in.com/videos/373885/temptations-reloaded-2013-srk-katrina-preity-enthrall-muscat.html|title=Temptations Reloaded 2013: SRK, Katrina, Preity enthrall Muscat|date=19 February 2013|publisher=CNN-IBN|access-date=10 June 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140715210246/http://ibnlive.in.com/videos/373885/temptations-reloaded-2013-srk-katrina-preity-enthrall-muscat.html|archive-date=15 July 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> and joined Shah Rukh Khan, [[Deepika Padukone]] and [[Pitbull (rapper)|Pitbull]] in [[Kolkata]] for the opening ceremony of the [[2013 Indian Premier League|2013 IPL season]].<ref>{{cite web|date=3 April 2013|title=IPL 2013: Shah Rukh Khan, Katrina Kaif, Deepika Padukone, Pitbull showcase diverse culture|url=http://movies.ndtv.com/bollywood/ipl-2013-shah-rukh-khan-katrina-kaif-deepika-padukone-pitbull-showcase-diverse-culture-349474|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140713121133/http://movies.ndtv.com/bollywood/ipl-2013-shah-rukh-khan-katrina-kaif-deepika-padukone-pitbull-showcase-diverse-culture-349474|archive-date=13 July 2014|access-date=10 June 2014|publisher=NDTV}}</ref> In 2013, she appeared briefly with [[Aamir Khan]] in [[Vijay Krishna Acharya]]'s action thriller ''[[Dhoom 3]]''.<ref>{{cite news|title=Aamir, Abhishek, Katrina and Uday promote 'Dhoom 3' |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news-interviews/Aamir-Abhishek-Katrina-and-Uday-promote-Dhoom-3/articleshow/27215896.cms |access-date=10 July 2014 |work=The Times of India |date=11 December 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160215052736/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news-interviews/Aamir-Abhishek-Katrina-and-Uday-promote-Dhoom-3/articleshow/27215896.cms |archive-date=15 February 2016 }}</ref> To prepare for her role as a circus performer, she undertook a year-long regimen of [[Pilates]], [[functional training]] and [[aerial straps]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Katrina Kaif gets perfect body for Dhoom 3|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-11-21/news-interviews/44325481_1_dhoom-3-katrina-kaif-perfect-body|access-date=13 January 2014|date=21 November 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140114014039/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-11-21/news-interviews/44325481_1_dhoom-3-katrina-kaif-perfect-body|archive-date=14 January 2014|work=[[The Times of India]]|url-status=dead}}</ref> The film received ambivalent reviews and Kaif was criticised for taking on an insubstantial part.<ref>{{cite news |title=Movie review: Dhoom 3 a splendid watch but lacks imagination |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/reviews/movie-review-dhoom-3-a-splendid-watch-but-lacks-imagination/article1-1164671.aspx |access-date=13 January 2014 |work=Hindustan Times |date=20 December 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140112223634/http://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/reviews/movie-review-dhoom-3-a-splendid-watch-but-lacks-imagination/article1-1164671.aspx |archive-date=12 January 2014 }}</ref> Earning {{INRConvert|5.42|b}} in box-office receipts, ''Dhoom 3'' went on to become the [[List of highest-grossing Bollywood films|highest-grossing Bollywood film of all time]] until it was surpassed by ''[[PK (film)|PK]]'' in 2014.<ref>{{cite news|last=Upadhyaya |first=Prakash |title='PK'(Peekay) Box Office Collection: Aamir Khan Starrer's Next Target – ₹600 Crores |url=http://www.ibtimes.co.in/pk-peekay-box-office-collection-aamir-khan-starrers-next-target-600-crores-619194 |work=International Business Times |access-date=4 January 2015 |date=4 January 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150104162528/http://www.ibtimes.co.in/pk-peekay-box-office-collection-aamir-khan-starrers-next-target-600-crores-619194 |archive-date= 4 January 2015 }}</ref>

Kaif's next appearance was in [[Siddharth Anand]]'s ''[[Bang Bang!]]'' (2014), a remake of the 2010 action comedy ''[[Knight and Day]]''.<ref>{{cite news|last=Lalwani |first=Vickey |title=Hrithik prepping up for Knight and Day remake |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Hrithik-prepping-up-for-Knight-and-Day-remake/articleshow/18441696.cms |access-date=26 September 2013 |work=The Times of India |date=11 February 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140905031120/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Hrithik-prepping-up-for-Knight-and-Day-remake/articleshow/18441696.cms |archive-date= 5 September 2014 }}</ref> She played a bank receptionist who unwittingly gets caught up with a secret agent (Hrithik Roshan). [[Raja Sen]] of Rediff.com was disappointed with her performance, describing it as "insufferable".<ref>{{cite web|last=Sen |first=Raja |title=Review: Bang Bang is loud, dumb, exhausting |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/review/review-bang-bang-is-loud-dumb-exhausting/20141002.htm |date=2 October 2014 |work=Rediff.com |access-date=4 October 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141004042138/http://www.rediff.com/movies/review/review-bang-bang-is-loud-dumb-exhausting/20141002.htm |archive-date= 4 October 2014 }}</ref> Although the film was commercially successful, financial analysts observed that it failed to meet box-office expectations.<ref>{{cite web|title=Mumbai 125KM And Sonali Cable Dull Bang Bang Is Semi Hit |url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/Details/art_detail/mumbai125kmandsonalicabledullbangbangissemihit#.VEIIHfmUeSo |date=18 October 2014 |publisher=Box Office India |access-date=18 October 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141021112147/http://boxofficeindia.com/Details/art_detail/mumbai125kmandsonalicabledullbangbangissemihit |archive-date=21 October 2014 }}</ref> ''Ek Tha Tiger'', ''Dhoom 3'' and ''Bang Bang!'' still rank in the [[list of highest-grossing Indian films]], while ''Jab Tak Hai Jaan'' still rank in the [[list of highest-grossing Indian films in overseas markets]]

Kaif's sole appearance of 2015 was with Saif Ali Khan in Kabir Khan's [[Aftermath of the 2008 Mumbai attacks|post 26/11]] [[counter-terrorism]] drama ''[[Phantom (2015 film)|Phantom]]''.<ref>{{cite web|title=After Phantom, Kabir Khan's Bajrangi Bhaijaan to kick start on November 3 |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/2692973/After-Phantom%2C-Kabir-Khan%27s-Bajrangi-Bhaijaan-to-kick-start-on-November-3 |access-date=1 November 2014 |publisher=Bollywood Hungama |date=1 November 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141103145619/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/2692973/After-Phantom%2C-Kabir-Khan%27s-Bajrangi-Bhaijaan-to-kick-start-on-November-3 |archive-date= 3 November 2014 }}</ref> In 2016, Kaif appeared in two films. In [[Abhishek Kapoor]]'s ''[[Fitoor]]'', an adaptation of [[Charles Dickens]]' ''[[Great Expectations]]'', Kaif played a role based on [[Estella (Great Expectations)|Estella Havisham]] along with [[Aditya Roy Kapur]] and [[Tabu (actress)|Tabu]].<ref>{{cite web|last=Prashar|first=Chandni|title=Katrina Kaif, Aditya Roy Kapur Fight Kashmir Chill With Fitoor Kiss|url=http://movies.ndtv.com/bollywood/katrina-kaif-aditya-roy-kapur-fight-kashmir-chill-with-fitoor-kiss-736871|publisher=NDTV|date=4 February 2015|access-date=9 February 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150311032701/http://movies.ndtv.com/bollywood/katrina-kaif-aditya-roy-kapur-fight-kashmir-chill-with-fitoor-kiss-736871|archive-date=11 March 2015}}</ref> Later that year she featured in [[Nitya Mehra]]'s love story ''[[Baar Baar Dekho (film)|Baar Baar Dekho]]'' with [[Sidharth Malhotra]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Not 'Kal Jisne Dekha', Katrina Kaif-Sidharth Malhotra's film gets a new title |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-not-kal-jisne-dekha-katrina-kaif-sidharth-malhotra-s-film-gets-a-new-title-2120899 |access-date=27 September 2015 |work=Daily News and Analysis |date=1 September 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150928225206/http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-not-kal-jisne-dekha-katrina-kaif-sidharth-malhotra-s-film-gets-a-new-title-2120899 |archive-date=28 September 2015 }}</ref> Both films were critical and commercial failures.<ref>{{cite news|last=Thakur |first=Charu |title=Baar Baar Dekho to Fitoor: 2016's glossy films which sank without a trace |url=http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/baar-baar-dekho-sidharth-katrina-mohenjo-daro-fitoor-ki-and-ka-2016-flop-films/1/762438.html |access-date=11 October 2016 |work=India Today |date=12 September 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161011230640/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/baar-baar-dekho-sidharth-katrina-mohenjo-daro-fitoor-ki-and-ka-2016-flop-films/1/762438.html |archive-date=11 October 2016 }}</ref> In a review for the former, Namrata Joshi wrote: "Katrina is good so long as she has to just be herself. So she dances, smiles and flirts well, but the minute a dramatic scene comes up, her utter inadequacy as a performer shows."<ref>{{cite news|last=Joshi|first=Namrata|title=Fitoor doesn't live up to expectations|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/karnataka/fitoor-doesnt-live-up-to-expectations/article8235812.ece|access-date=11 October 2016|work=The Hindu|date=14 February 2016}}</ref> Also in 2016, she joined other Indian celebrities for the "Dream Team Tour", where they performed in various American cities.<ref>{{cite news|last=Shekhar|first=Mimansa|date=26 August 2016|title=Alia Bhatt, Katrina Kaif, Sidharth Malhotra's Dream Team signs off with the ultimate booth photo, see pics|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/alia-bhatt-katrina-kaif-sidharth-malhotras-dream-team-signs-off-booth-photo-2991995/|url-status=live|access-date=11 October 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161011230840/http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/alia-bhatt-katrina-kaif-sidharth-malhotras-dream-team-signs-off-booth-photo-2991995/|archive-date=11 October 2016}}</ref>

[[File:Aditya, Katrina promot film ‘Fitoor’.jpg|thumb|left|Kaif with co-star [[Aditya Roy Kapur]] at an event for ''[[Fitoor]]'' in 2016|225x225px]]
Kaif next appeared alongside Ranbir Kapoor in [[Anurag Basu]]'s comedy-adventure film ''[[Jagga Jasoos]]'', which was released in 2017 after multiple delays.<ref>{{cite web |title=Jagga Jasoos: Twists, turns and another release date |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/report/jagga-jasoos-ranbir-kapoor-katrina-kaif-twists-turns-and-another-release-date/20170524.htm |access-date=3 August 2017 |date=24 May 2017 |work=Rediff.com |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170803212234/http://www.rediff.com/movies/report/jagga-jasoos-ranbir-kapoor-katrina-kaif-twists-turns-and-another-release-date/20170524.htm |archive-date=3 August 2017 |url-status=live }}</ref> The film opened to mixed critical response and was a commercial disappointment.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/anurag-basu-on-jagga-jasoos-failure-4768232/|title=Anurag Basu on Jagga Jasoos failure: Rejection paves path for my next, promise won't disappoint you|last=Kamleshwari|first=A.|work=The Indian Express|date=26 July 2017|access-date=1 November 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171103232729/http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/anurag-basu-on-jagga-jasoos-failure-4768232/|archive-date=3 November 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Mayank Shekhar]] from [[Mid-Day]] said, "Honestly, I know no two faces as pleasant as [[Ranbir Kapoor]] and Katrina Kaif on the Indian screen. They naturally shine before the camera."<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.mid-day.com/articles/jagga-jasoos-movie-review-film-rating-ranbir-kapoor-katrina-kaif-anurag-basu-bollywood-news/18423172|title=Jagga Jasoos Movie Review: Ranbir Kapoor and Katrina Kaif shine before camera|date=14 July 2017|work=mid-day|access-date=30 April 2018|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171221115928/http://www.mid-day.com/articles/jagga-jasoos-movie-review-film-rating-ranbir-kapoor-katrina-kaif-anurag-basu-bollywood-news/18423172|archive-date=21 December 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> In the same year, Kaif reteamed with Salman Khan and reprised the role of Zoya in the Ali Abbas Zafar's action thriller film ''[[Tiger Zinda Hai]]'', sequel to the 2012 film ''Ek Tha Tiger.'' The film released on [[Christmas]] weekend and opened to strong box office collections, collecting over ₹1.1 billion within three days of release.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/tiger-zinda-hai-first-look-salman-khan-katrina-kaif/1/1070890.html|title=Tiger Zinda Hai first look: Salman Khan's brooding appearance makes for the perfect Diwali gift|last=Palat|first=Lakshana L|work=India Today|date=18 October 2017|access-date=1 November 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171024214517/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/tiger-zinda-hai-first-look-salman-khan-katrina-kaif/1/1070890.html|archive-date=24 October 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> Rachit Gupta of ''[[Filmfare]]'' wrote, "The screenplay goes easy on [Kaif] by not giving her stand and dialogue. Instead, she does the bulk of the hand to hand combat and gun fights and she looks the part. It's invigorating to see a lady kick-ass with so much élan and pull all the punches like they're real."<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.filmfare.com/reviews/bollywood-movies/tiger-zinda-hai-movie-review-slick-and-smart-25773.html|title=Movie Review: Tiger Zinda Hai|work=Filmfare|access-date=25 December 2017|last=Gupta|first=Rachit|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171226020812/https://www.filmfare.com/reviews/bollywood-movies/tiger-zinda-hai-movie-review-slick-and-smart-25773.html|archive-date=26 December 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>

In 2018, Kaif played a supporting role in the [[Period film|period]] [[Action adventure film|action-adventure]] film ''[[Thugs of Hindostan]],'' marking her second collaboration with Aamir Khan, Amitabh Bachchan and director Vijay Krishna Acharya.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.yashrajfilms.com/news/detail/2017/05/11/katrina-kaif-joins-yrf-star-studded-mega-project-thugs-of-hindostan|title=Katrina Kaif Joins YRF's Star Studded Mega Project Thugs of Hindostan|website=www.yashrajfilms.com|access-date=11 May 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170821003004/https://www.yashrajfilms.com/news/detail/2017/05/11/katrina-kaif-joins-yrf-star-studded-mega-project-thugs-of-hindostan|archive-date=21 August 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> Kaif was also a female lead, alongside Anushka Sharma, in [[Anand L Rai]]'s ''[[Zero (2018 film)|Zero]]'', playing an alcoholic actress and marking her second collaboration with Shah Rukh Khan and Sharma (after 2012's ''Jab Tak Hai Jaan)''.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.ibtimes.co.in/confirmed-shah-rukh-khan-romance-alia-bhatt-katrina-kaif-not-deepika-padukone-aanand-l-rais-725915|title=Confirmed: Shah Rukh Khan to romance Alia Bhatt and Katrina Kaif, not Deepika Padukone, in Aanand L Rai's film|last=Sen|first=Sushmita|work=International Business Times, India Edition|access-date=14 May 2017|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170511162028/http://www.ibtimes.co.in/confirmed-shah-rukh-khan-romance-alia-bhatt-katrina-kaif-not-deepika-padukone-aanand-l-rais-725915|archive-date=11 May 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> ''Zero'' received mixed reviews from critics, but Kaif's portrayal of an alcoholic actress earned her critical praise,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/katrina-kaif-is-the-surprise-element-of-aanand-l-rai-directorial-zero/articleshow/67191729.cms|title=Katrina Kaif is the surprise element of Aanand L. Rai directorial 'Zero' - Times of India|website=The Times of India|access-date=21 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181222004246/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/katrina-kaif-is-the-surprise-element-of-aanand-l-rai-directorial-zero/articleshow/67191729.cms|archive-date=22 December 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> with Udita Jhunjhunwala of ''[[Mint (newspaper)|Mint]]'' crediting for her for delivering "what could be considered her most authentic performance".<ref>{{cite news|author=Jhunjhunwala, Udita|url=https://www.livemint.com/Consumer/TlxM9eycHLcXlqL2yAyoXJ/Movie-review-Zero-a-stunted-love-story-that-stalls-at-lift.html|title=Zero movie review: A love story that stalls at lift off|work=Mint|date=22 December 2018|access-date=13 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181223130700/https://www.livemint.com/Consumer/TlxM9eycHLcXlqL2yAyoXJ/Movie-review-Zero-a-stunted-love-story-that-stalls-at-lift.html|archive-date=23 December 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> She received a nomination for the [[Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actress]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.filmfare.com/news/bollywood/nominations-for-the-64th-vimal-filmfare-awards-2019_-32898-1.html |title=Nominations for the 64th Vimal Filmfare Awards 2019 |work=Filmfare |date=12 March 2019 |access-date=13 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190316052927/https://www.filmfare.com/news/bollywood/nominations-for-the-64th-vimal-filmfare-awards-2019_-32898-1.html |archive-date=16 March 2019 |url-status=dead }}</ref> However, both ''Thugs of Hindustan'' and ''Zero'' were commercially unsuccessful.<ref>{{cite news |title=Can the Bollywood Khans stage a comeback? |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/can-the-bollywood-khans-stage-a-comeback/cid/1681755 |date=14 January 2019 |work=The Telegraph |author=Dua, Aarti |access-date=16 January 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190116201052/https://www.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/can-the-bollywood-khans-stage-a-comeback/cid/1681755 |archive-date=16 January 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref>

In 2019, Kaif once again collaborated with Salman Khan and Ali Abbas Zafar in the drama ''[[Bharat (film)|Bharat]]'', an adaptation of the South Korean film ''[[Ode to My Father]]'' (2014). She replaced [[Priyanka Chopra]], after the latter opted out days before filming her scenes.<ref>{{cite news |title=Katrina Kaif replaces Priyanka Chopra in Bharat|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/bollywood/010818/katrina-kaif-replaces-priyanka-chopra-in-bharat.html |date=1 August 2018 |work=Deccan Chronicle |author=Jha, Subhash K |access-date=29 July 2020}}</ref> The film became one of the [[List of Bollywood films of 2019#Box office collection|highest-grossing Hindi films of 2019]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.businesstoday.in/trending/box-office/bharat-box-office-collection-day-22-salman-khan-film-breaches-rs-325-crore-mark-worldwide/story/359320.html|title=Bharat Box Office Collection Day 22: Salman Khan's film breaches Rs 325-crore mark worldwide|website=www.businesstoday.in|access-date=2 July 2019|archive-date=2 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190702162011/https://www.businesstoday.in/trending/box-office/bharat-box-office-collection-day-22-salman-khan-film-breaches-rs-325-crore-mark-worldwide/story/359320.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Kaif will next appear in [[Rohit Shetty]]'s action film ''[[Sooryavanshi]]'' alongside [[Akshay Kumar]] and in the comedy horror film ''Phone Bhoot'' opposite [[Siddhant Chaturvedi]] and [[Ishaan Khatter]].<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/should-work-in-spaces-we-are-comfortable-in-says-katrina-kaif-on-being-a-glamourous-heroine/story-kz4bjYMRspdncBepP8RrXJ.html |title=Should work in spaces we are comfortable in, says Katrina Kaif on being a 'glamourous heroine' |last=Singh |first=Prashant |date=25 April 2018 |work=Hindustan Times |access-date=25 April 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180425160725/https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/should-work-in-spaces-we-are-comfortable-in-says-katrina-kaif-on-being-a-glamourous-heroine/story-kz4bjYMRspdncBepP8RrXJ.html |archive-date=25 April 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/confirmed-akshay-kumar-will-romance-katrina-kaif-in-rohit-shetty-s-sooryavanshi-1507084-2019-04-22|title=Confirmed: Akshay Kumar will romance Katrina Kaif in Rohit Shetty's Sooryavanshi|website=India Today|access-date=22 April 2019|date=22 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190422040124/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/confirmed-akshay-kumar-will-romance-katrina-kaif-in-rohit-shetty-s-sooryavanshi-1507084-2019-04-22|archive-date=22 April 2019|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Here's All You Need To Know About Katrina Kaif, Siddhant Chaturvedi And Ishaan Khatter-Starrer Phone Bhoot|url=https://www.mid-day.com/articles/heres-all-you-need-to-know-about-katrina-kaif-siddhant-chaturvedi-and-ishaan-khatter-starrer-phone-bhoot/22896248|date=20 July 2020|access-date=29 July 2020|work=[[Mid-Day]]}}</ref>

== Personal life ==

Kaif's personal life has been the subject of extensive media attention several times. She is reluctant to discuss her romantic life: "I have always believed that there is life before marriage and after marriage. Before marriage ... you are termed a single woman and I choose to conduct that part of my life with absolute dignity and discretion".<ref>{{cite news|last=Jamkhandikar |first=Shilpa |title='I don't want my kids to know how many boyfriends I had' |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-i-dont-want-my-kids-to-know-how-many-boyfriends-i-had-1138453 |access-date=25 June 2014 |work=Daily News and Analysis |date=11 December 2007 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714203922/http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-i-dont-want-my-kids-to-know-how-many-boyfriends-i-had-1138453 |archive-date=14 July 2014 }}</ref> Although rumours of a relationship with Indian film actor [[Salman Khan]] first emerged in 2003,<ref name="beautiful" /> it was not until after their 2010 breakup that Kaif spoke of it, calling it her first serious relationship.<ref>{{cite news|title=Salman was my first serious relationship: Katrina Kaif |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/tabloid/salman-was-my-first-serious-relationship-katrina-kaif/story-AVsYMARO64Duw189Lbm98N.html |access-date=6 December 2016 |work=Hindustan Times |date=7 December 2011 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220094600/http://www.hindustantimes.com/tabloid/salman-was-my-first-serious-relationship-katrina-kaif/story-AVsYMARO64Duw189Lbm98N.html |archive-date=20 December 2016 }}</ref> They have remained friends, and the actress credits Khan with giving her confidence and guidance:<ref>{{cite news|last=Singh |first=Prashant |title=I am Katrina's bodyguard: Salman Khan |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/news-feed/archives/i-am-katrina-s-bodyguard-salman-khan/article1-734610.aspx |access-date=10 July 2014 |work=Hindustan Times |date=19 August 2011 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714122509/http://www.hindustantimes.com/news-feed/archives/i-am-katrina-s-bodyguard-salman-khan/article1-734610.aspx |archive-date=14 July 2014 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Salman believed in me: Katrina |url=http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/Salman+believed+in+me:+Katrina/1/94790.html |access-date=25 June 2014 |work=India Today |date=27 April 2010 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714215118/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/Salman%20believed%20in%20me%3A%20Katrina/1/94790.html |archive-date=14 July 2014 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Choudhary |first=Anuradha |title="Salman's been a huge influence" – Katrina Kaif |url=http://www.filmfare.com/interviews/salmans-been-a-huge-influence-katrina-kaif-2787.html |access-date=25 June 2014 |work=[[Filmfare]] |date=5 April 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140811013355/http://www.filmfare.com/interviews/salmans-been-a-huge-influence-katrina-kaif-2787.html |archive-date=11 August 2014 }}</ref>

The reported reason for their breakup was Kaif's increasing closeness to Indian film actor [[Ranbir Kapoor]] during the filming of ''Ajab Prem Ki Ghazab Kahani''.<ref>{{cite news|title=Katrina Kaif nudges Deepika Padukone out of Ranbir Kapoor's tour |url=http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/katrina-kaif-nudges-deepika-padukone-out-of-ranbir-kapoors-tour/1/122436.html |access-date=25 June 2014 |work=India Today |date=8 December 2010 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141021034700/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/katrina-kaif-nudges-deepika-padukone-out-of-ranbir-kapoors-tour/1/122436.html |archive-date=21 October 2014 }}</ref> Although this was denied by Kaif and Kapoor, the nature of their relationship was scrutinised by the media because they were thought to be involved with others at the time.<ref>{{cite news|last=Mirani |first=Indu |title=I want to be loved: Katrina |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news-interviews/i-want-to-be-loved-katrina/articleshow/5997720.cms |access-date=25 June 2014 |work=The Times of India |date=2 June 2010 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160215052806/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news-interviews/i-want-to-be-loved-katrina/articleshow/5997720.cms |archive-date=15 February 2016 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Pradhan |first=Bharathi S. |title=Single Sallu's a friendly ex |url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1101114/jsp/7days/story_13174492.jsp |access-date=25 June 2014 |work=The Telegraph |date=14 November 2010 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714174001/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1101114/jsp/7days/story_13174492.jsp |archive-date=14 July 2014 }}</ref> In August 2013, photographs of Kapoor and Kaif on holiday in [[Ibiza]] were leaked by ''[[Stardust (magazine)|Stardust]]''; the media interpreted this as confirmation of an affair.<ref>{{cite news|last=Shrivastava |first=Anshu |title=Bollywood's Hottest Couple: Finally, Is 'Kat' Out of Ranbir Kapoor's Bag? |url=http://www.ibtimes.com.au/bollywoods-hottest-couple-finally-kat-out-ranbir-kapoors-bag-1313842 |access-date=25 June 2014 |work=International Business Times |date=1 August 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150527143053/http://www.ibtimes.com.au/bollywoods-hottest-couple-finally-kat-out-ranbir-kapoors-bag-1313842 |archive-date=27 May 2015 }}</ref> After the appearance of the photos, Kaif published an open letter to the media saying that she was "upset, distressed and invaded" by the breach of privacy.<ref>{{cite news|title=An open letter to the media from Katrina Kaif |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news-interviews/An-open-letter-to-the-media-from-Katrina-Kaif/articleshow/21528241.cms |access-date=25 June 2014 |work=The Times of India |date=2 August 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140423124426/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news-interviews/An-open-letter-to-the-media-from-Katrina-Kaif/articleshow/21528241.cms |archive-date=23 April 2014 }}</ref> She later acknowledged Kapoor as "an extremely important part of [her] life".<ref>{{cite news|last=KBR |first=Upala |title=Ranbir Kapoor is an important part of my life: Katrina Kaif |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/interview-ranbir-kapoor-is-an-important-part-of-my-life-katrina-kaif-1936375 |access-date=25 June 2014 |work=Daily News and Analysis |date=17 December 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141013013227/http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/interview-ranbir-kapoor-is-an-important-part-of-my-life-katrina-kaif-1936375 |archive-date=13 October 2014 }}</ref> In February 2016, the media reported that they had broken up.<ref>{{cite news|title=Did the break-up with Ranbir Kapoor cost Katrina Kaif an endorsement deal? |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-did-the-break-up-with-ranbir-kapoor-cost-katrina-kaif-an-endorsement-deal-2183398 |access-date=11 October 2016 |work=Daily News and Analysis |date=28 February 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161027165511/http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-did-the-break-up-with-ranbir-kapoor-cost-katrina-kaif-an-endorsement-deal-2183398 |archive-date=27 October 2016 }}</ref>

Kaif has a close relationship with her family, and the lack of a father figure in her life has given her a sense of responsibility towards them.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Jahagirdar-Saxena |first=Shraddha |url=http://www.verveonline.com/121/people/katrina.shtml |title=View From The Top |journal=[[Verve (Indian magazine)|Verve]] |volume=21 |issue=6 |access-date=25 June 2014 |date=6 June 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714183415/http://www.verveonline.com/121/people/katrina.shtml |archive-date=14 July 2014 }}</ref> While Kaif's mother is Christian and her father is Muslim, Kaif was brought up to practise all faiths and says she is a "firm believer in God".<ref>{{cite news|last=Gupta |first=Priya |title=Katrina Kaif: We have a mandir at our home |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Katrina-Kaif-We-have-a-mandir-at-our-home/articleshow/46726227.cms |access-date=29 March 2015 |work=The Times of India |date=29 March 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150329202651/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Katrina-Kaif-We-have-a-mandir-at-our-home/articleshow/46726227.cms |archive-date=29 March 2015 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Bamzai |first=Kaveree |title=Golden girl Katrina Kaif |url=http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/golden-girl-katrina-kaif/1/236145.html |access-date=25 June 2014 |work=India Today |date=5 December 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714121906/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/golden-girl-katrina-kaif/1/236145.html |archive-date=14 July 2014 }}</ref> ''The Times of India'' reported in 2009 that she visits [[Siddhivinayak Temple, Mumbai|Siddhivinayak Temple]], [[Mount Mary Church, Bandra|Mount Mary Church]], and the [[Sufism|Sufi]] shrine [[Ajmer Sharif Dargah]] before her films are released.<ref>{{cite news|title=Unplugged: Katrina Kaif |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/life-style/people/Unplugged-Katrina-Kaif/articleshow/4791923.cms |access-date=25 June 2014 |work=The Times of India |date=31 October 2009 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160215052759/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/life-style/people/Unplugged-Katrina-Kaif/articleshow/4791923.cms |archive-date=15 February 2016 }}</ref>

== Media image ==
[[File:Katrina Kaif at an event for Nakshatra.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|left|alt=A woman dressed in traditional Indian clothing is looking away from the camera. She has a red bindi between her eyebrows, a silver necklace and is wearing an embroidered red sari.|Kaif at an event for [[Nakshatra Jewellery]], 2010]]
According to an ''[[India Today]]'' article, despite her dissimilarity to a conventional Bollywood heroine, Kaif "turned every adversity into opportunity and climbed the slippery pole of stardom".<ref name="cream" /> Although she is one of the most commercially successful actresses in contemporary Bollywood, she has received mixed reviews for her acting prowess.<ref>{{cite web|last=Vats |first=Rohit |title=Is Katrina Bollywood's lucky mascot? |url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/is-katrina-bollywoods-lucky-mascot/183795-8-66.html |date=13 September 2011 |publisher=CNN-IBN |access-date=21 October 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131205145526/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/is-katrina-bollywoods-lucky-mascot/183795-8-66.html |archive-date= 5 December 2013 }}</ref> Writing for ''[[Firstpost]]'', Anuya Jakatdar wrote that Kaif needed to "take on role[s] that actually challenge her" instead of "coasting on her co-star's box office appeal" and criticised her inclination towards glamorous roles.<ref>{{cite web|last=Jakatdar |first=Anuya |title=A career tip for birthday Barbie Katrina Kaif: Learn to act |url=http://www.firstpost.com/bollywood/a-career-tip-for-birthday-barbie-katrina-kaif-learn-to-act-959053.html |publisher=[[Firstpost]] |access-date=26 June 2014 |date=16 July 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924013452/http://www.firstpost.com/bollywood/a-career-tip-for-birthday-barbie-katrina-kaif-learn-to-act-959053.html |archive-date=24 September 2015 }}</ref> Kaif's dancing ability is better appreciated, with Meena Iyer of ''The Times of India'' calling her "one of Bollywood's best dancers".<ref>{{cite news|last=Iyer |first=Meena |title=Why Katrina Kaif looks forward to dancing in films now |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news-interviews/Why-Katrina-Kaif-looks-forward-to-dancing-in-films-now/articleshow/16264607.cms |access-date=26 June 2014 |work=The Times of India |date=6 September 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160215052729/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news-interviews/Why-Katrina-Kaif-looks-forward-to-dancing-in-films-now/articleshow/16264607.cms |archive-date=15 February 2016 }}</ref> Kaif's Bollywood success has sparked an influx of foreign talent hoping to establish themselves in the industry.<ref name="cream" />

Kaif is cited in the media as one of India's most beautiful celebrities, and has ranked highly in polls choosing the most attractive Indian celebrities. Kaif was named the "World's Sexiest Woman" by ''[[FHM (India)|FHM India]]'' five times from 2008 to 2013,<ref>{{cite news|title=Katrina Kaif voted 'FHM's' sexiest woman |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/lifestyle/report-katrina-kaif-voted-fhms-sexiest-woman-1552317 |access-date=10 July 2014 |work=Daily News and Analysis |date=7 June 2011 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714181217/http://www.dnaindia.com/lifestyle/report-katrina-kaif-voted-fhms-sexiest-woman-1552317 |archive-date=14 July 2014 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=KBR |first=Upala |title=Deepika Padukone displaces Katrina Kaif in FHM 100 Sexiest Women in the World 2014 |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-deepika-padukone-displaces-katrina-kaif-in-fhm-100-sexiest-women-in-the-world-2014-1999264 |access-date=10 July 2014 |work=Daily News and Analysis |date=3 July 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140707022951/http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-deepika-padukone-displaces-katrina-kaif-in-fhm-100-sexiest-women-in-the-world-2014-1999264 |archive-date= 7 July 2014 }}</ref> and appeared on ''[[Verve (Indian magazine)|Verve]]''{{'}}s list of most powerful women in 2009 and 2010.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Pandey |first=Piyush |url=http://www.verveonline.com/86/people/powerwomen03.shtml |title=Verve's 50 Power Women 2010 |journal=[[Verve (Indian magazine)|Verve]] |volume=18 |issue=6 |access-date=27 October 2013 |date=June 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121219054922/http://www.verveonline.com/86/people/powerwomen03.shtml |archive-date=19 December 2012 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |url=http://www.verveonline.com/74/people/powerlist.shtml |title=Verve's 50 Power Women 2009 |journal=Verve |volume=17 |issue=6 |access-date=27 October 2013 |date=June 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130404092809/http://verveonline.com/74/people/powerlist.shtml |archive-date=4 April 2013 }}</ref> The UK magazine ''[[Eastern Eye]]'' called her the "Sexiest Asian Woman" from 2008 to 2010, and again in 2013.<ref>{{cite web|title=Katrina is world's sexiest Asian... again |url=http://www.emirates247.com/entertainment/2.526/katrina-is-world-s-sexiest-asian-again-2010-12-12-1.328304 |publisher=Emirates 24/7 |date=12 December 2010 |access-date=27 October 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029195005/http://www.emirates247.com/entertainment/2.526/katrina-is-world-s-sexiest-asian-again-2010-12-12-1.328304 |archive-date=29 October 2013 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Mukhopadhyay |first=Sounak |title=Katrina Kaif Declared as Sexiest Asian Woman in the World, Fourth Time for the British-Indian Actress |url=http://www.ibtimes.com.au/katrina-kaif-declared-sexiest-asian-woman-world-fourth-time-british-indian-actress-1325878 |work=International Business Times |access-date=2 August 2015 |date=5 December 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924032435/http://www.ibtimes.com.au/katrina-kaif-declared-sexiest-asian-woman-world-fourth-time-british-indian-actress-1325878 |archive-date=24 September 2015 }}</ref> Kaif was named ''The Times of India''{{'}}s "Most Desirable Woman" in 2010, and was later ranked second from 2011 to 2013.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-04-29/news-interviews/38903243_1_entrant-desirable-women-desirable-men|title=Times top 50 Most Desirable Women of 2012|access-date=27 October 2013|date=29 April 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131019103638/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-04-29/news-interviews/38903243_1_entrant-desirable-women-desirable-men|archive-date=19 October 2013|work=[[The Times of India]]|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Deepika Padukone: 2013's Most desirable woman |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news-interviews/Deepika-Padukone-2013s-Most-desirable-woman/articleshow/35726757.cms? |access-date=5 June 2014 |work=The Times of India |date=30 May 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140531081711/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news-interviews/Deepika-Padukone-2013s-Most-desirable-woman/articleshow/35726757.cms |archive-date=31 May 2014 }}</ref> The Indian edition of ''[[People (magazine)|People]]'' described her as "India's Most Beautiful Woman" in 2011 and three years later she topped ''[[Maxim (India)|Maxim India]]''{{'}}s "Hot 100" poll.<ref>{{cite web|title=Katrina Kaif voted India's Most Beautiful Woman by People Magazine |url=http://ibnlive.in.com/photogallery/4037.html |date=27 May 2011 |publisher=CNN-IBN |access-date=20 November 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140202201827/http://ibnlive.in.com/photogallery/4037.html |archive-date= 2 February 2014 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Katrina Kaif edges past her contemporaries! |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-katrina-kaif-edges-past-her-contemporaries-2062648 |access-date=8 March 2015 |work=Daily News and Analysis |date=20 February 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150223034247/http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-katrina-kaif-edges-past-her-contemporaries-2062648 |archive-date=23 February 2015 }}</ref>

Kaif is a [[Brand ambassador|celebrity spokesperson]] for a number of brands including [[Slice (soft drink)|Slice]], [[Nakshatra Jewellery|Nakshatra]], [[Lux (soap)|Lux]], [[Panasonic]], [[Lakmé Cosmetics|Lakmé]] and [[L'Oréal]].<ref name="success" /><ref>{{cite news |last=Sharma |first=Neha |title=OVER THE YEARS: Decoding Kat's nine lives! |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/Entertainment/Bollywood/OVER-THE-YEARS-Decoding-Kat-s-nine-lives/Article1-933113.aspx |access-date=22 September 2013 |work=Hindustan Times |date=20 September 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130929235300/http://www.hindustantimes.com/Entertainment/Bollywood/OVER-THE-YEARS-Decoding-Kat-s-nine-lives/Article1-933113.aspx |archive-date=29 September 2013 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Katrina Kaif is the new face of L'Oréal Paris |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-katrina-kaif-is-the-new-face-of-l-or-al-paris-1954611 |access-date=21 January 2014 |work=Daily News and Analysis |date=21 January 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140220154151/http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-katrina-kaif-is-the-new-face-of-l-or-al-paris-1954611 |archive-date=20 February 2014 }}</ref> ''The Economic Times'' ranked Kaif India's second most prominent endorser in 2012.<ref>{{cite news|title=A snapshot of the top 10 small screen endorsers |url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/slideshows/advertising-marketing/a-snapshot-of-the-top-10-small-screen-endorsers/2-katrina-kaif/slideshow/12078572.cms |access-date=4 March 2014 |work=The Economic Times |date=29 February 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140911062317/http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/slideshows/advertising-marketing/a-snapshot-of-the-top-10-small-screen-endorsers/2-katrina-kaif/slideshow/12078572.cms |archive-date=11 September 2014 }}</ref> ''Hindustan Times'' reported in 2014 that she received {{INRConvert|50|m}} to {{INRConvert|60|m}} for each endorsement, making her one of India's highest-paid celebrity endorsers.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://photogallery.indiatimes.com/celebs/celeb-themes/bwoods-highest-paid-actresses/articleshow/11005681.cms |title=B'wood's highest paid actresses |access-date=23 October 2013 |work=The Times of India |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131024035458/http://photogallery.indiatimes.com/celebs/celeb-themes/bwoods-highest-paid-actresses/articleshow/11005681.cms |archive-date=24 October 2013 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Shalvi|first=Mangaokar|title=Deepika Padukone pockets Rs. 6 crore for endorsement deal?|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/deepika-gets-rs-6-crore-for-endorsing-a-cola/article1-1190666.aspx|access-date=4 March 2014|work=Hindustan Times|date=4 March 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140304190528/http://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/deepika-gets-rs-6-crore-for-endorsing-a-cola/article1-1190666.aspx|archive-date=4 March 2014 }}</ref> In 2013, Kaif was ranked ninth on ''[[Forbes (India)|Forbes]]''{{'}} list of India's best-known entertainers with an estimated annual income of {{INRConvert|638|m}}.<ref>{{cite news |title=2013 Celebrity 100 List – Forbes India |url=http://forbesindia.com/lists/2013-celebrity-100/1439/all |work=[[Forbes (India)|Forbes]] |access-date=8 February 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140219072752/http://forbesindia.com/lists/2013-celebrity-100/1439/all |archive-date=19 February 2014 }}</ref> In 2010 and 2011, [[Mattel]] released two sets of [[Barbie]] dolls inspired by Kaif.<ref>{{cite web|title=Check Out: Katrina Kaif unveils special Barbie doll created in her likeness |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/celebrities/features/type/view/id/1608/ |publisher=Bollywood Hungama |access-date=28 March 2015 |date=23 November 2010 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402104845/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/celebrities/features/type/view/id/1608/ |archive-date= 2 April 2015 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Katrina Kaif unveils 'I Can Be a Movie Star' Barbie doll |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/celebrities/features/type/view/id/2156/ |publisher=Bollywood Hungama |access-date=28 March 2015 |date=5 May 2011 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402091202/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/celebrities/features/type/view/id/2156/ |archive-date= 2 April 2015 }}</ref> In 2015, Kaif became the eighth Bollywood actor to have a wax figure installed at [[Madame Tussauds]] in London.<ref>{{cite news|title=Madame Tussauds to celebrate 15 years of Bollywood by unveiling Katrina Kaif wax statue |url=http://www.mid-day.com/articles/madame-tussauds-to-celebrate-15-years-of-bollywood-by-unveiling-katrina-kaif-wax-statue/16094151 |access-date=18 November 2016 |work=[[Mid-Day]] |date=26 March 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161118165423/http://www.mid-day.com/articles/madame-tussauds-to-celebrate-15-years-of-bollywood-by-unveiling-katrina-kaif-wax-statue/16094151 |archive-date=18 November 2016 }}</ref> She is the first Bollywood star to be featured in Peruvian photographer [[Mario Testino]]’s Towel Series.

Kaif is involved with Relief Projects India, a [[charitable trust]] run by her mother which rescues abandoned baby girls and works to prevent female [[infanticide]].<ref>{{cite news|last=Sinha|first=Seema|date=23 January 2011|title=Touching lives|work=The Times of India|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/life-style/people/Touching-lives/articleshow/7127277.cms|url-status=live|access-date=8 June 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160215052740/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/life-style/people/Touching-lives/articleshow/7127277.cms|archive-date=15 February 2016}}</ref> Kaif's winnings from the game shows ''[[10 Ka Dum]]'' and ''[[Kaun Banega Crorepati]]'' were donated to her mother's Mercy Home orphanage.<ref>{{cite news|last=Jha|first=Subhash K.|date=26 October 2009|title=Katrina to appear on TV shows to fund mom's charity|work=[[Mid-Day]]|url=http://www.mid-day.com/articles/katrina-to-appear-on-tv-shows-to-fund-moms-charity/61427|url-status=live|access-date=12 June 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714135115/http://www.mid-day.com/articles/katrina-to-appear-on-tv-shows-to-fund-moms-charity/61427|archive-date=14 July 2014}}</ref> In 2009 and 2010, Kaif also walked the ramp for charity as part of Salman Khan's "Being Human" show.<ref>{{cite web|date=14 October 2009|title=Bollywood actors walk ramp for charity in Mumbai|url=http://www.sify.com/movies/bollywood-actors-walk-ramp-for-charity-in-mumbai-news-bollywood-jkooudbaaecsi.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140729120118/http://www.sify.com/movies/bollywood-actors-walk-ramp-for-charity-in-mumbai-news-bollywood-jkooudbaaecsi.html|archive-date=29 July 2014|access-date=27 July 2014|publisher=Sify}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=10 October 2010|title=Bollywood actresses walk on ramp to collect funds for Salman Khan's charity|work=Daily News and Analysis|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/lifestyle/report-bollywood-actresses-walk-on-ramp-to-collect-funds-for-salman-khans-charity-1450573|url-status=live|access-date=28 July 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140808165639/http://www.dnaindia.com/lifestyle/report-bollywood-actresses-walk-on-ramp-to-collect-funds-for-salman-khans-charity-1450573|archive-date=8 August 2014}}</ref> To raise funds for a new school in [[Madurai]] she recorded ''[[Rhyme Skool with Katrina Kaif|Rhyme Skool]]'' (2010), an album of nursery rhymes composed by [[A. R. Rahman]].<ref>{{cite web|last=Astbury|first=Will|date=27 April 2010|title=Katrina Kaif records charity album|url=http://www.digitalspy.com/bollywood/news/a216739/katrina-kaif-records-charity-album.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141226111615/http://www.digitalspy.com/bollywood/news/a216739/katrina-kaif-records-charity-album.html|archive-date=26 December 2014|access-date=8 June 2014|publisher=[[Digital Spy]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=2 August 2012|title=Katrina Kaif to sing for AR Rahman?|work=Hindustan Times|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/katrina-kaif-to-sing-for-ar-rahman/article1-907000.aspx|url-status=dead|access-date=8 June 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714172448/http://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/katrina-kaif-to-sing-for-ar-rahman/article1-907000.aspx|archive-date=14 July 2014}}</ref> In 2011, Kaif visited [[sepoy]]s in [[Jammu]] as part of [[NDTV]]'s reality program ''Jai Jawan''.<ref>{{cite web|date=12 August 2011|title=PIX: Katrina Kaif visits jawans in Jammu|url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/slide-show/slide-show-1-katrina-kaif-stunts-with-army/20110812.htm|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714143301/http://www.rediff.com/movies/slide-show/slide-show-1-katrina-kaif-stunts-with-army/20110812.htm|archive-date=14 July 2014|access-date=8 June 2014|work=Rediff.com}}</ref> The following year she visited the Cancer Patients Aid Association to gift cancer survivors and increase public awareness of breast and cervical cancer.<ref>{{cite news|date=11 December 2012|title=Katrina lends a hand to cancer cause|work=India Today|url=http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/katrina-lends-a-pink-hand-to-cancer-cause/1/237197.html|url-status=live|access-date=10 July 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714172702/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/katrina-lends-a-pink-hand-to-cancer-cause/1/237197.html|archive-date=14 July 2014}}</ref>

== Filmography ==
{{Main|Katrina Kaif filmography}}

== Awards and nominations ==
{{Main|List of awards and nominations received by Katrina Kaif}}

== Notes ==
{{notelist}}

== References ==
{{reflist|colwidth=30em}}

== Further reading ==
{{refbegin}}
* {{cite news|last=Choudhary|first=Anuradha|title="I'm a Barbie doll" – Katrina Kaif|url=http://www.filmfare.com/interviews/im-a-barbie-doll-katrina-kaif-2853.html|access-date=4 March 2014|work=[[Filmfare]]|date=12 April 2013|archive-date=4 August 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130804140716/http://www.filmfare.com/interviews/im-a-barbie-doll-katrina-kaif-2853.html|url-status=dead}}
{{refend}}

== External links ==
{{Commons category}}
* {{IMDb name|id=1229940}}
* {{Instagram|katrinakaif}}

{{StardustAwardBestActress}}
{{ZeeCineAwardBestSupportingActorFemale}}
{{Dhoom series}}
{{Authority control}}

{{good article}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kaif, Katrina}}
[[Category:1983 births]]
[[Category:21st-century British actresses]]
[[Category:Actresses in Hindi cinema]]
[[Category:British people of Indian descent]]
[[Category:British female models]]
[[Category:British actresses of Indian descent]]
[[Category:21st-century Hong Kong actresses]]
[[Category:British film actresses]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:English people of Kashmiri descent]]
[[Category:Age controversies]]
[[Category:Hong Kong people of Indian descent]]
[[Category:Hong Kong people of English descent]]
[[Category:Actresses in Malayalam cinema]]
[[Category:Actresses in Telugu cinema]]
[[Category:European actresses in India]]

Draft:Katrina Kaif

2021-07-09T11:51:18Z

Wandererkanishk: Wandererkanishk moved page Draft:Katrina Kaif to Katrina Kaif

#REDIRECT [[Katrina Kaif]]

Katrina Kaif

2021-07-09T11:51:03Z

Wandererkanishk: Wandererkanishk moved page Draft:Katrina Kaif to Katrina Kaif

{{short description|British actress and model}}
{{pp-semi-protected|small=yes}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2016}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2020}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Katrina Kaif
| image = Katrina Kaif promoting Bharat in 2019.jpg
| alt = A headshot of Katrina Kaif
| caption = Kaif promoting her film ''[[Bharat (film)|Bharat]]'' in 2019
| birth_name = Katrina Turquotte
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1983|7|16}}
| birth_place = [[British Hong Kong]]
| height =
| nationality = [[British people|British]]
| citizenship =
| occupation = {{hlist|[[Actor|Actress]]|[[Model (people)|model]]}}
| works = [[Katrina Kaif filmography|Full list]]
| awards = [[List of awards and nominations received by Katrina Kaif|Full list]]
| yearsactive = 2003–present
}}

'''Katrina Kaif''' ({{IPA-hns|kəˈʈriːna kɛːf|pron}}{{Listen}}; born '''Katrina Turquotte'''; 16 July 1983) is a British actress who primarily works in [[Hindi]]-language films.<ref name="citizen">{{cite news|last=Hafeez |first=Mateen |title=Working in Bollywood for years, but shy of citizenship? |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Working-in-Bollywood-for-years-but-shy-of-citizenship/articleshow/6458769.cms?referral=PM |access-date=1 March 2014 |work=The Times of India |date=30 August 2010 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160117202653/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Working-in-Bollywood-for-years-but-shy-of-citizenship/articleshow/6458769.cms?referral=PM |archive-date=17 January 2016 }}</ref> She is one of the India's highest-paid actresses.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Baksi|first=Dibyojyoti|date=25 March 2013|title=Katrina Kaif pays highest advance tax among Bollywood actresses|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/katrina-kaif-pays-highest-advance-tax-among-bollywood-actressses/story-gNuTMpoOiHifrBEH4Nk1TL.html|access-date=20 February 2020|website=Hindustan Times|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Katrina Kaif - Forbes India Magazine|url=http://www.forbesindia.com/celebprofile/katrina-kaif/1439/18|access-date=20 February 2020|website=Forbes India|language=en}}</ref> Her [[List of awards and nominations received by Katrina Kaif|accolades]] include four [[Filmfare Awards|Filmfare Award]] nominations.

Born in [[British Hong Kong|Hong Kong]], Kaif lived in several countries before she moved to [[London]]. She received her first modelling assignment as a teenager and later pursued a career as a fashion model. At a fashion show in London, Indian filmmaker [[Kaizad Gustad]] decided to cast her in ''[[Boom (film)|Boom]]'' (2003), a critical and commercial failure. While in India, Kaif received modelling assignments and established a successful modelling career, however, filmmakers were hesitant to cast her due to her poor command of Hindi. After appearing in the Telugu film ''[[Malliswari (2004 film)|Malliswari]]'' (2004), Kaif earned commercial success in Bollywood with the romantic comedies ''[[Maine Pyaar Kyun Kiya?]]'' (2005) and ''[[Namastey London]]'' (2007). She followed with a series of box-office hits, but was criticised for her acting, repetitive roles, and inclination to [[Androcentrism|male-dominated]] films.

Her performance in the thriller ''[[New York (2009 film)|New York]]'' (2009) earned her a nomination for the [[Filmfare Award for Best Actress]], and after starring roles in ''[[Ajab Prem Ki Ghazab Kahani]]'' (2009), ''[[Raajneeti]]'' (2010), and ''[[Zindagi Na Milegi Dobara]]'' (2011), she received her second nomination for her performance in ''[[Mere Brother Ki Dulhan]]'' (2011). Kaif's highest-grossing films came with the action thrillers ''[[Ek Tha Tiger]]'' (2012), ''[[Dhoom 3]]'' (2013), and ''[[Bang Bang!]]'' (2014), all of which rank among the [[List of highest-grossing Indian films|highest-grossing Indian films]]. She followed this with a series of films which did not perform well commercially, with the exception of the action sequel ''[[Tiger Zinda Hai]]'' (2017) and the drama ''[[Bharat (film)|Bharat]]'' (2019), but received a nomination for the [[Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actress]] for her portrayal of an alcoholic actress in the romantic drama ''[[Zero (2018 film)|Zero]]'' (2018).

In addition to acting, Kaif is involved with her mother's charity and participates in stage shows. She is guarded about her personal life, which is subject to media scrutiny, as is her background.

== Early life ==
Katrina Kaif was born in [[Hong Kong]] with her mother's surname Turquotte (also spelt Turcotte), on 16 July 1983.{{efn|name=A|Although Kaif has said that she was born in 1983, her birth year has been quoted (or inferred) in reliable sources as 1983 or 1984.<ref>{{cite video|date=12 July 2011 |title=Katrina, Hrithik Do A Jig at India TV Broadcast Centre |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=maiuTjFv3-Y&t=14m27s |publisher=YouTube |quote=Event occurs at 14:27 |access-date=3 August 2013 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Lalwani|first=Vickey|title=Salman Khan's there for me: Katrina Kaif|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-06-29/news-interviews/29716644_1_yash-chopra-priyanka-film|access-date=4 October 2013|work=[[The Times of India]]|date=29 June 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131005010512/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-06-29/news-interviews/29716644_1_yash-chopra-priyanka-film|archive-date=5 October 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Katrina Kaif turns 30! |url=http://zeenews.india.com/entertainment/celebrity/katrina-kaif-turns-30_139135.html |publisher=[[Zee News]] |access-date=28 February 2014 |date=18 July 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131231152836/http://zeenews.india.com/entertainment/celebrity/katrina-kaif-turns-30_139135.html |archive-date=31 December 2013 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Katrina Kaif welcomes plans to target false claims in ad world |url=http://zeenews.india.com/entertainment/celebrity/katrina-kaif-welcomes-plans-to-target-false-claims-in-ad-world_150321.html |publisher=Zee News |access-date=28 February 2014 |date=5 February 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140206020845/http://zeenews.india.com/entertainment/celebrity/katrina-kaif-welcomes-plans-to-target-false-claims-in-ad-world_150321.html |archive-date= 6 February 2014 }}</ref>}}<ref name="cream">{{cite news|last=Bamzai |first=Kaveree |title=Kat who stole the cream |url=http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/the-rise-of-bollywood-beauty-katrina-kaif/1/127282.html |work=India Today |access-date=21 September 2013 |date=28 January 2011 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130923081231/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/the-rise-of-bollywood-beauty-katrina-kaif/1/127282.html |archive-date=23 September 2013 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Happy Birthday Katrina: Ranbir plans big bash for lady love at Barcelona |url=http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/happy-birthday-katrina-kaif-turns-30/1/291546.html |work=[[India Today]] |access-date=5 July 2014 |date=16 July 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714130255/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/happy-birthday-katrina-kaif-turns-30/1/291546.html |archive-date=14 July 2014 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Katrina Kaif: Lesser known facts |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/Katrina-Kaif-Lesser-known-facts/photostory/33609536.cms |access-date=12 June 2014 |work=The Times of India |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140418050244/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/Katrina-Kaif-Lesser-known-facts/photostory/33609536.cms |archive-date=18 April 2014 }}</ref> According to the actress, her father, Mohammed Kaif, is a British businessman of [[Kashmiri people|Kashmiri]] descent and her mother (Suzanne, also spelt Susanna) is an English lawyer and charity worker.<ref name="Bollywood Barbie">{{cite news|title=Tees Maar Khan: A British Bollywood Barbie!|url=http://www.express.co.uk/entertainment/films/224986/Tees-Maar-Khan-A-British-Bollywood-Barbie|access-date=1 March 2014|work=[[Daily Express]]|date=23 January 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140305121704/http://www.express.co.uk/entertainment/films/224986/Tees-Maar-Khan-A-British-Bollywood-Barbie|archive-date=5 March 2014|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="rise">{{cite news|title=The rise and rise of Katrina Kaif |url=http://mumbaimirror.com/others/sunday-read/The-rise-and-rise-of-Katrina-Kaif/articleshow/16169102.cms |access-date=12 October 2013 |work=[[Mumbai Mirror]] |date=2 October 2011 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131014074135/http://mumbaimirror.com/others/sunday-read/The-rise-and-rise-of-Katrina-Kaif/articleshow/16169102.cms |archive-date=14 October 2013 }}</ref><ref name="hundred">{{cite news|last=Varma|first=Uttara|title=I am hundred per cent Indian ... my Hindi is pretty good|url=http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/-i-am-hundred-per-cent-indian-...-my-hindi-is-pretty-good-/487326/0|access-date=22 February 2014|work=[[The Indian Express]]|date=12 July 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170628041507/http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/-i-am-hundred-per-cent-indian-...-my-hindi-is-pretty-good-/487326/0|archive-date=28 June 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> She has seven siblings: three elder sisters named Stephanie, Christine and Natasha; three younger sisters named Melissa, Sonia, and Isabel; and an elder brother named Michael.<ref name="Bollywood Barbie" /><ref name="hundred" /> Isabelle Kaif is also a model and actress.<ref>{{cite web|title=Isabel Kaif: 10 facts you probably didn't know about Katrina Kaif's sister |url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/isabel-kaif-10-facts-you-probably-didnt-know-about-katrina-kaifs-sister/453219-8-66.html |publisher=[[CNN-IBN]] |access-date=30 May 2014 |date=20 February 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140302195032/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/isabel-kaif-10-facts-you-probably-didnt-know-about-katrina-kaifs-sister/453219-8-66.html |archive-date= 2 March 2014 }}</ref> Kaif's parents divorced when she was a child, and her father moved to the [[United States]]. She said her father had no influence on Kaif or her siblings while they were growing up, and they were raised by their mother.<ref name="cream" /><ref name="hundred" /><ref name="dumb">{{cite news|last=Chaturvedi |first=Anshul |title=I'm not dumb: Katrina |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news-interviews/Im-not-dumb-Katrina/articleshow/7162203.cms |access-date=1 March 2014 |work=The Times of India |date=26 December 2010 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140505123041/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news-interviews/Im-not-dumb-Katrina/articleshow/7162203.cms |archive-date= 5 May 2014 }}</ref> On her father's absence in her life, Kaif stated: "When I see friends who have wonderful fathers who are like pillars of support for their families, I say, if only I had that. But instead of complaining, I should be grateful for all the other things I have". In a 2009 interview with ''[[The Indian Express]]'', she said she was not in touch with her father.<ref name="hundred" />

[[File:Katrina Kaif with her mother.jpg|thumb|alt=A woman is sitting next to an older woman in a crowded room. The younger woman is sitting on the right wearing a white dress, while the older woman is wearing a black dress.|Kaif with her mother at the [[People's Choice Awards India]], 2012|268x268px]]
Kaif says that her mother decided to "dedicate her life to social causes", which led to the family's relocation to a number of countries for varying lengths of time:<blockquote>Our transitions in growing up were—from Hong Kong where I was born, to China, then to Japan, and from Japan by boat to France ... After France, Switzerland—and I'm cutting out many East European countries where we were for only a few months each—then Poland in [[Kraków]] ... After that we went to Belgium, then to Hawaii, which was a short time, and then came to London.<ref name="dumb" />
</blockquote>

Due to their frequent relocation, Kaif and her siblings were [[Homeschooling|home-schooled]] by a series of tutors.<ref name="man">{{cite journal |last=Chaudhury |first=Shoma |url=http://archive.tehelka.com/story_main40.asp?filename=hub041008The_man.asp |title=The Man of the Family |journal=[[Tehelka]] |volume=5 |issue=39 |access-date=18 June 2014 |date=4 October 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714141625/http://archive.tehelka.com/story_main40.asp?filename=hub041008The_man.asp |archive-date=14 July 2014 }}</ref> Although she is thought to have grown up in London, she lived there for only three years before moving to India.<ref name="dumb" /> According to Kaif, she then changed her surname to her father's because she thought it would be easier to pronounce.<ref>{{cite news|title=My name's Turquotte: Katrina |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/news-interviews/My-names-Turquotte-Katrina/articleshow/4986854.cms?referral=PM |access-date=12 October 2013 |work=The Times of India |date=9 September 2009 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160215032330/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/news-interviews/My-names-Turquotte-Katrina/articleshow/4986854.cms?referral=PM |archive-date=15 February 2016 }}</ref>

Kaif's paternal parentage has been questioned by some members of the film industry.<ref name="cream" /> In a 2011 interview with ''[[Mumbai Mirror]]'', ''[[Boom (film)|Boom]]'' producer [[Ayesha Shroff]] accused Kaif of fabricating her history: "We created an identity for her. She was this pretty young English girl, and we gave her the Kashmiri father and thought of calling her Katrina Kazi. We thought we'd give her some kind of Indian ancestry, to connect with the audience ... But then we thought that Kazi sounded too ... religious? ... [[Mohammad Kaif]] was at the top, and so we said, Katrina Kaif sounds really great".<ref name="rise" /> Kaif called Shroff's comments "hurtful".<ref name="cream" />

At the age of fourteen, Kaif won a beauty contest in Hawaii, and received her first modelling assignment in a jewellery campaign.<ref>{{cite news|last=Reddy|first=T.K.|date=15 July 2003|title=Cool Kat comes to Chennai|work=[[The Hindu]]|url=http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/mp/2003/07/15/stories/2003071500180100.htm|url-status=dead|access-date=21 September 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130911060648/http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/mp/2003/07/15/stories/2003071500180100.htm|archive-date=11 September 2013}}</ref> She subsequently modelled professionally in London, working for freelance agencies and appearing regularly at [[London Fashion Week]].<ref name="cream" />

== Career ==

=== Acting beginnings (2003–2005) ===
At a fashion show Kaif attracted the attention of London-based filmmaker [[Kaizad Gustad]]. He selected her for a role in the English-[[Bollywood|Hindi]] [[Erotic thriller|erotic]] [[heist film]] ''Boom'' as part of an ensemble cast that included [[Amitabh Bachchan]], [[Gulshan Grover]], [[Jackie Shroff]], [[Madhu Sapre]] and [[Padma Lakshmi]].<ref name="london fashion week">{{cite news|last=Renuka |first=Methil |title=She's got the look |url=http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/katrina-kaif-to-be-one-of-three-leading-ladies-in-kaizad-gustads-heist-film-boom/1/219881.html |work=India Today |access-date=21 September 2013 |date=6 May 2002 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130923085749/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/katrina-kaif-to-be-one-of-three-leading-ladies-in-kaizad-gustads-heist-film-boom/1/219881.html |archive-date=23 September 2013 }}</ref><ref name="boom">{{cite news|last=Mukherjee |first=Madhureeta |title=Katrina booms in Bollywood |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news-interviews/Katrina-booms-in-Bollywood/articleshow/22997.cms |access-date=3 March 2014 |work=The Times of India |date=16 June 2003 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160215032338/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news-interviews/Katrina-booms-in-Bollywood/articleshow/22997.cms |archive-date=15 February 2016 }}</ref> While filming in India, Kaif received other offers and decided to stay in the country.<ref>{{cite news|last=Pathiyan |first=Priya |title='I'm not involved with Salman Khan' |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/articleshow/40363538.cms |access-date=16 March 2003 |work=The Times of India |date=16 March 2003 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040905203940/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/articleshow/40363538.cms |archive-date= 5 September 2004 }}</ref> In 2003, she received notice as a model after walking the ramp for [[Rohit Bal]] at the [[India Fashion Week]]<ref name="beautiful">{{cite web|last=Menon |first=Sita |title=Katrina's beautiful, and she knows it |url=http://www.rediff.com/news/2003/jul/22katrina.htm |date=21 July 2003 |work=[[Rediff.com]] |access-date=21 September 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130923071622/http://www.rediff.com/news/2003/jul/22katrina.htm |archive-date=23 September 2013 }}</ref> and appeared in the first [[Kingfisher Calendar]].<ref>{{cite news|last=Banerjee|first=Chetna K.|title=Movers, shakers & sizzlers|url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2003/20031228/spectrum/main2.htm|access-date=3 March 2014|work=[[The Tribune (Chandigarh)|The Tribune]]|date=28 December 2003|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130310022439/http://www.tribuneindia.com/2003/20031228/spectrum/main2.htm|archive-date=10 March 2013}}</ref> Kaif soon established a successful modelling career in India after endorsing brands such as [[Coca-Cola]], [[LG Corp|LG]], [[Fevicol]] and [[Samsung]].<ref name="success">{{cite news|title=Haute route to success |url=http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/mp/2003/08/07/stories/2003080700090200.htm |access-date=21 September 2013 |date=7 August 2003 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121108053228/http://hindu.com/thehindu/mp/2003/08/07/stories/2003080700090200.htm |work=[[The Hindu]] |archive-date= 8 November 2012 }}</ref>

Kaif's career as a model led to anticipation surrounding her Bollywood debut.<ref name="boom" /> ''Boom'' (2003) had its first screening at the [[2003 Cannes Film Festival|Cannes Film Festival]], and was heavily promoted at the event.<ref>{{cite news|last=Bamzai |first=Kaveree |title=Vava voom |url=http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/kaizad-gustad-seems-to-be-on-the-roll-with-boom/1/205880.html |access-date=3 March 2014 |work=India Today |date=14 July 2003 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140303050032/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/kaizad-gustad-seems-to-be-on-the-roll-with-boom/1/205880.html |archive-date= 3 March 2014 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=It's Boom time for glamour|url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2003/20030803/spectrum/spotlite.htm|access-date=20 April 2014|work=The Tribune|date=3 August 2003|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051203192620/http://www.tribuneindia.com/2003/20030803/spectrum/spotlite.htm|archive-date=3 December 2005}}</ref> ''Boom'' was a commercial and critical failure.<ref>{{cite news|title=Always knew Katrina Kaif would be superstar, says 'Boom' director |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/news-interviews/Always-knew-Katrina-Kaif-would-be-superstar-says-Boom-director/articleshow/21778559.cms?referral=PM |access-date=22 October 2013 |work=The Times of India |date=12 August 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160215035405/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/news-interviews/Always-knew-Katrina-Kaif-would-be-superstar-says-Boom-director/articleshow/21778559.cms?referral=PM |archive-date=15 February 2016 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Bansal |first=Robin |title=Kat's Boom days are back to haunt her |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/kat-s-boom-days-are-back-to-haunt-her/article1-671317.aspx |access-date=24 March 2014 |work=[[Hindustan Times]] |date=9 March 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140324110934/http://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/kat-s-boom-days-are-back-to-haunt-her/article1-671317.aspx |archive-date=24 March 2014 }}</ref> Kaif's enactment of a supermodel ensnared in the [[India Mafia|Mumbai underworld]] was poorly received, with Ziya U. Salam of ''[[The Hindu]]'' attributing the weak performances of the film's leading ladies to "the vacuity of their expressions".<ref>{{cite news|last=Salam |first=Ziya U. |title=Situations vacant |url=http://www.hindu.com/mp/2004/01/01/stories/2004010100180100.htm |access-date=3 March 2014 |date=1 January 2004 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121106105804/http://www.hindu.com/mp/2004/01/01/stories/2004010100180100.htm |work=[[The Hindu]] |archive-date= 6 November 2012 }}</ref> ''[[Hindustan Times]]'' reported that after ''Boom''{{'}}s release, Kaif was written off due to her poor [[Hindi]] and thick British accent.<ref name="sixhits">{{cite news |title=Katrina on top with six hits in a row: critics |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/news-feed/archives/katrina-on-top-with-six-hits-in-a-row-critics/article1-335506.aspx |access-date=15 June 2013 |work=Hindustan Times |date=3 September 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131022163845/http://www.hindustantimes.com/news-feed/archives/katrina-on-top-with-six-hits-in-a-row-critics/article1-335506.aspx |archive-date=22 October 2013 }}</ref> She later dismissed the film: "I don't count ''Boom'' among important happenings in my life. When I signed this film, I didn't know much about India and its film audience".<ref name="that's kat">{{cite news|title=That's Kat! |url=http://www.hindu.com/mp/2004/07/05/stories/2004070500870100.htm |access-date=21 September 2013 |date=5 July 2004 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130923074213/http://www.hindu.com/mp/2004/07/05/stories/2004070500870100.htm |work=[[The Hindu]] |archive-date=23 September 2013 }}</ref> Although Kaif was offered a number of modelling assignments,<ref name="that's kat" /> filmmakers were hesitant to cast her because of her poor command of Hindi.<ref>{{cite web|title=When John Abraham made Katrina Kaif cry|url=http://movies.ndtv.com/bollywood/when-john-abraham-made-katrina-kaif-cry-254720|publisher=[[NDTV]]|date=14 August 2012|access-date=21 September 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130928224457/http://movies.ndtv.com/bollywood/when-john-abraham-made-katrina-kaif-cry-254720|archive-date=28 September 2013}}</ref> In one instance, [[Mahesh Bhatt]] replaced her with [[Tara Sharma]] in ''[[Saaya (2003 film)|Saaya]]'' (2003) as he found her an "inconsistent performer".<ref>{{cite web|last1=Lalwani |first1=Vickey |title=Will Saaya repeat Raaz's success? |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/2003/mar/03saaya.htm |work=Rediff.com |date=3 March 2003 |access-date=4 December 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141213002527/http://www.rediff.com/movies/2003/mar/03saaya.htm |archive-date=13 December 2014 }}</ref> Subsequently, Kaif began working on her diction through Hindi classes.<ref name="that's kat" />

After the failure of her first Bollywood project, Kaif appeared in the [[Telugu cinema|Telugu film]] ''[[Malliswari (2004 film)|Malliswari]]'' (2004). With [[Daggubati Venkatesh]], she played the title role of a princess forced to flee from her murderous caretaker. Kaif received a reported {{INRConvert|7.5|m}} for the film, the highest salary for a [[Cinema of South India|South Indian]] film actress at the time. Despite negative reviews for her acting, ''Malliswari'' was a profitable venture.<ref>{{cite web|title=South India's new faces |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/south-india-s-new-faces-imagegallery-0-events-jdwmCvijjggsi.html |publisher=Sify |access-date=1 March 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140716022822/http://www.sify.com/movies/south-india-s-new-faces-imagegallery-0-events-jdwmCvijjggsi.html |archive-date=16 July 2014 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Pillai |first=Shreedhar |title="Malliswari" mania |url=http://www.hindu.com/mp/2004/02/19/stories/2004021900960300.htm |access-date=21 September 2013 |date=19 February 2004 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130923013049/http://www.hindu.com/mp/2004/02/19/stories/2004021900960300.htm |work=[[The Hindu]] |archive-date=23 September 2013 }}</ref>

In 2005, Kaif appeared briefly as [[Abhishek Bachchan]]'s girlfriend in [[Ram Gopal Varma]]'s [[political thriller]] ''[[Sarkar (2005 film)|Sarkar]]''.<ref>{{cite web|last=Jha |first=Subhash K. |title=Katrina's voice dubbed again |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/katrinas-voice-dubbed-again-news-bollywood-kkfv1Lbecbbsi.html |publisher=Sify |access-date=28 March 2014 |date=25 July 2005 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140717013629/http://www.sify.com/movies/katrinas-voice-dubbed-again-news-bollywood-kkfv1Lbecbbsi.html |archive-date=17 July 2014 }}</ref> She next featured alongside [[Salman Khan]], [[Sushmita Sen]] and [[Sohail Khan]] in ''[[Maine Pyaar Kyun Kiya?]]'', a film she considered her "first real step into Bollywood".<ref>{{cite news |last=Jha |first=Subhash K. |title=Adi is my kind of director: Katrina |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/news-feed/nm14/adi-is-my-kind-of-director-katrina/article1-133690.aspx |access-date=10 December 2014 |work=Hindustan Times |date=3 August 2006 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141216143049/http://www.hindustantimes.com/news-feed/nm14/adi-is-my-kind-of-director-katrina/article1-133690.aspx |archive-date=16 December 2014 }}</ref> Directed by [[David Dhawan]], the film was a successful remake of the romantic comedy ''[[Cactus Flower (film)|Cactus Flower]]''.<ref>{{cite web|last=Jha |first=Subhash K. |title=We need laughter in our lives |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/2004/jul/29david.htm |date=29 July 2004 |work=Rediff.com |access-date=23 October 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029191922/http://www.rediff.com/movies/2004/jul/29david.htm |archive-date=29 October 2013 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Box office cold to Bipasha's sizzle |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/2005/aug/23box.htm |date=23 August 2005 |work=Rediff.com |access-date=23 October 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029190549/http://www.rediff.com/movies/2005/aug/23box.htm |archive-date=29 October 2013 }}</ref> For her role as a suicidal model, Kaif received the [[Stardust Award for Breakthrough Performance – Female]].<ref>{{cite news|last=Bose|first=Derek|title=Director's choice|url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2009/20090228/saturday/main1.htm|access-date=29 June 2014|work=The Tribune|date=28 February 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100830001547/http://www.tribuneindia.com/2009/20090228/saturday/main1.htm|archive-date=30 August 2010 }}</ref> According to Sukanya Verma of [[Rediff.com]], "Katrina's [[Disney Princess#Disney Princesses|Disney princess]]-like charm adds to her adorable screen presence".<ref>{{cite web|last=Verma |first=Sukanya |title=David Dhawan does it again with MPKK |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/2005/jul/15mpkk.htm |work=Rediff.com |access-date=21 September 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130923094202/http://www.rediff.com/movies/2005/jul/15mpkk.htm |archive-date=23 September 2013 }}</ref> Kaif followed with a small part in her second Telugu film, ''[[Allari Pidugu]]''.<ref>{{cite news|title=Commercial potboiler |url=http://www.hindu.com/2005/10/08/stories/2005100806350200.htm |access-date=21 September 2013 |date=8 October 2005 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130925143908/http://www.hindu.com/2005/10/08/stories/2005100806350200.htm |work=[[The Hindu]] |archive-date=25 September 2013 }}</ref>

=== Breakthrough and rise to prominence (2006–2008) ===
[[File:Katrina Kaif- 2006 IIFA Awards.jpg|thumb|alt=A woman is smiling away from the camera.|Kaif at the [[7th IIFA Awards|2006 IIFA Awards]]|left|250x250px]]In 2006, she appeared with [[Akshay Kumar]] for the first of many films in [[Raj Kanwar]]'s unsuccessful ''[[Humko Deewana Kar Gaye]]'',<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=212&catName=MjAwNg== |title=Box Office 2006 |publisher=[[Box Office India]] |access-date=21 September 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131014132118/http://boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=212&catName=MjAwNg%3D%3D |archive-date=14 October 2013 |url-status=dead }}</ref> a story of two like-minded strangers who fall in love despite being engaged to others. [[Sify]] wrote that Kaif was "passably competent in a tailor-made role, giving a mild emotional spin to a couple of scenes" but was overshadowed by her supporting actresses.<ref>{{cite web |title=Movie Review: Humko Deewana Kar Gaye |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/bollywood/preview.php?ctid=5&cid=2425&id=14185919 |publisher=Sify |access-date=10 July 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140717000538/http://www.sify.com/movies/bollywood/preview.php?ctid=5&cid=2425&id=14185919 |archive-date=17 July 2014 }}</ref> Kaif also appeared with [[Mammootty]] in the [[Malayalam cinema|Malayalam]] [[Crime fiction|crime thriller]] ''[[Balram vs. Tharadas]]'',<ref>{{cite web|title=Good cinema should excite the minds |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/malayalam/interview.php?id=14196231&cid=2406 |publisher=Sify |access-date=22 September 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141024045841/http://www.sify.com/movies/malayalam/interview.php?id=14196231&cid=2406 |archive-date=24 October 2014 }}</ref> in which Rishi Raj Singh of ''The Hindu'' called her performance "marvellous".<ref>{{cite news|last=Singh |first=Rishi R. |title=A crime thriller from I.V. Sasi |url=http://www.hindu.com/2006/05/02/stories/2006050200940200.htm |access-date=22 September 2013 |date=2 May 2006 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130927055745/http://www.hindu.com/2006/05/02/stories/2006050200940200.htm |work=[[The Hindu]] |archive-date=27 September 2013 }}</ref>

Kaif's career prospects changed in 2007, when she appeared in four Bollywood hits.<ref name="dhoom">{{cite news|last=Ghosh |first=Debasmita |title=From Boom to Dhoom: Katrina Kaif's best movies |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/Entertainment/Bollywood/From-Boom-to-Dhoom-Katrina-Kaif-s-best-movies/Article1-1127029.aspx |access-date=22 February 2014 |work=Hindustan Times |date=25 September 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140221125944/http://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/from-boom-to-dhoom-katrina-kaif-s-best-movies/article1-1127029.aspx |archive-date=21 February 2014 }}</ref> In an interview with ''The Indian Express'', she called [[Vipul Amrutlal Shah]]'s romantic comedy ''[[Namastey London]]'' a milestone, saying that "for the first time, [she] had a dominating role".<ref name="hundred" /> Kaif used her life in London as a reference for her role as a spoilt [[British Indian]] girl intent on marrying her self-centred British boyfriend, despite her parents' disapproval.<ref>{{cite news|title=The other Kaif |url=http://www.hindu.com/mp/2007/03/22/stories/2007032200830100.htm |access-date=22 September 2013 |date=22 March 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130927225418/http://www.hindu.com/mp/2007/03/22/stories/2007032200830100.htm |work=[[The Hindu]] |archive-date=27 September 2013 }}</ref> Although critics expressed mixed views on the film,<ref>{{cite news |last=Kotwani |first=Hiren |title=Vipul Shah defends Namastey London |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/News-Feed/Bollwood/Vipul-Shah-defends-Namastey-London/Article1-212487.aspx |access-date=22 September 2013 |work=Hindustan Times |date=29 March 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130929235303/http://www.hindustantimes.com/News-Feed/Bollwood/Vipul-Shah-defends-Namastey-London/Article1-212487.aspx |archive-date=29 September 2013 }}</ref> Sukanya Verma wrote that Kaif "suits the role to the T" and "brings the zingy mix of her character alive with style and substance".<ref>{{cite web|last=Verma |first=Sukanya |title=Namastey London is a fun ride |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/2007/mar/23nl.htm |date=23 March 2007 |work=Rediff.com |access-date=22 September 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130927213900/http://www.rediff.com/movies/2007/mar/23nl.htm |archive-date=27 September 2013 }}</ref> Kaif's chemistry with co-star Akshay Kumar was particularly well received, with [[Nikhat Kazmi]] of ''[[The Times of India]]'' calling their casting "refreshing".<ref>{{cite news|last=Kazmi |first=Nikhat |title=Namastey London |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/movie-reviews/hindi/Namastey-London/movie-review/1802925.cms |access-date=22 September 2013 |work=The Times of India |date=24 March 2007 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131222013623/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/movie-reviews/hindi/Namastey-London/movie-review/1802925.cms |archive-date=22 December 2013 }}</ref> Taran Adarsh from [[Bollywood Hungama]] mentioned "Katrina is a revelation. The actor surprised you with a confident performance in ''[[Humko Deewana Kar Gaye]]'' and now, in [[Namastey London|''Namaste London'']], she comes up with a spirited performance yet again. She handles the complex part with remarkable ease."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/namastey-london/critic-review/|title=Namastey London Review – Bollywood Hungama|last=Hungama|first=Bollywood|website=Bollywood Hungama|language=en-US|access-date=24 April 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180508184928/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/namastey-london/critic-review/|archive-date=8 May 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>

She had a supporting role as a doctor in the sports drama ''[[Apne]]''. The film was highly anticipated as it marked the first appearance of [[Dharmendra]] with his sons, [[Sunny Deol]] and [[Bobby Deol]].<ref>{{cite web|last=Gajjar |first=Manish |title=Apne |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/shropshire/films/bollywood/2007/05/apne_preview.shtml |publisher=BBC |access-date=8 October 2014 |date=15 April 2007 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080226134026/http://www.bbc.co.uk/shropshire/films/bollywood/2007/05/apne_preview.shtml |archive-date=26 February 2008 }}</ref> After ''Apne'' she rejoined director David Dhawan and Salman Khan for the comedy ''[[Partner (2007 film)|Partner]]'', a remake of ''[[Hitch (film)|Hitch]]'' which also starred [[Govinda (actor)|Govinda]] and [[Lara Dutta]].<ref>{{cite news|last=Krishna|first=Sonali|title=Partner may face $30 mn Hitch|url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2007-08-08/news/27673674_1_hitch-indian-films-bollywood|access-date=3 March 2014|work=[[The Economic Times]]|date=8 August 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131221193833/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2007-08-08/news/27673674_1_hitch-indian-films-bollywood|archive-date=21 December 2013|url-status=live}}</ref> With a worldwide revenue of {{INRConvert|1.03|b}}, the film was a major financial success.<ref name="boxoffice2007">{{cite web|url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=214&catName=MjAwNw== |title=Box Office 2007 |publisher=Box Office India |access-date=22 September 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131014132441/http://boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=214&catName=MjAwNw%3D%3D |archive-date=14 October 2013 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="top">{{cite web|url=http://boxofficeindia.com/arounddetail.php?page=shownews&articleid=3997&nCat=|title=Top All Time Worldwide Grossers Updated 11/5/2012|publisher=Box Office India|access-date=13 October 2013|date=11 May 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131105215110/http://www.boxofficeindia.com/arounddetail.php?page=shownews&articleid=4409&nCat=|archive-date=5 November 2013}}</ref> Kaif's final film of the year was [[Anees Bazmee]]'s comedy ''[[Welcome (2007 film)|Welcome]]'', alongside Akshay Kumar, [[Nana Patekar]], [[Mallika Sherawat]] and [[Anil Kapoor]]. Although the film generated mostly negative reviews, it proved to be the [[List of Bollywood films of 2007|second highest-grossing Bollywood film of 2007]].<ref name="dhoom" /><ref name="boxoffice2007" /> The similarity of Kaif's roles was noted by [[Shoma Chaudhury]] of ''[[Tehelka]]'', who called her "unabashed eye-candy", adding that she was "a pretty prop in ''Welcome''" and "more of the same in ''Partner'' and ''Apne''".<ref name="man" />

[[File:Akshay & Katrina on the sets of Welcome.jpg|thumb|alt=A man and a woman are looking away from the camera. The man is dressed in formal clothes, while the woman is wearing a light pink dress.|Kaif and [[Akshay Kumar]] on the set of ''[[Welcome (2007 film)|Welcome]]''; they teamed in several successful films.<ref>{{cite news |last=Tuteja |first=Joginder |title=I'll be there to guide any damsel in distress: Akshay |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/news-feed/entertainment/i-ll-be-there-to-guide-any-damsel-in-distress-akshay/article1-479407.aspx |access-date=4 December 2014 |work=Hindustan Times |date=23 November 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150205100659/http://www.hindustantimes.com/news-feed/entertainment/i-ll-be-there-to-guide-any-damsel-in-distress-akshay/article1-479407.aspx |archive-date=5 February 2015 }}</ref>|235x235px]]

In 2008, the actress had three releases, the first of which was [[Abbas-Mustan]]'s action thriller ''[[Race (2008 film)|Race]]'', a story about two stepbrothers-turned-rivals who are in contention for their father's [[Insurance#Life|insurance money]]. Kaif played [[Saif Ali Khan]]'s secretary, who is his stepbrother's ([[Akshaye Khanna]]) lover. Nikhat Kazmi was appreciative of the film, praising its "super cool look [and] testosterone-high action sequences" but found Kaif "too pale" in her role.<ref>{{cite news|last=Kazmi |first=Nikhat |title=Race Review |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/movie-reviews/hindi/Race/movie-review/2888134.cms |access-date=22 September 2013 |work=The Times of India |date=21 March 2008 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131010184938/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/movie-reviews/hindi/Race/movie-review/2888134.cms |archive-date=10 October 2013 }}</ref> After ''Race'', Kaif rejoined Akshay Kumar in Anees Bazmee's action comedy ''[[Singh Is Kinng]]''. The film earned {{INRConvert|1.25|b}} worldwide, making it Kaif's sixth consecutive box-office success.<ref name="sixhits" /><ref name="top" /><ref name="boxoffice2008">{{cite web|url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=215&catName=MjAwOA== |title=Box Office 2008 |publisher=Box Office India |access-date=23 September 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131014132123/http://boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=215&catName=MjAwOA%3D%3D |archive-date=14 October 2013 |url-status=dead }}</ref> However, she received mixed reviews for her performance.<ref name="dhoom" /> [[Rajeev Masand]] of [[CNN-IBN]] reviewed: "Katrina Kaif is an eyesore ... her acting so weak you want to urge her to watch everyone from [[Madhubala]] to [[Madhuri Dixit|Madhuri]] so she might pick up a few tricks".<ref>{{cite web|last=Masand |first=Rajeev |title=Masand's Verdict: Singh is Kinng |url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/singh-is-kinng-a-dead-zone-of-comedy/70704-8.html |publisher=CNN-IBN |access-date=22 September 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130922190131/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/singh-is-kinng-a-dead-zone-of-comedy/70704-8.html |archive-date=22 September 2013 }}</ref>

Kaif's final film of the year—[[Subhash Ghai]]'s drama ''[[Yuvvraaj]]''—was a major box-office failure.<ref name="boxoffice2008" /> In preparation for her role as a cellist she practised her playing with orchestra members.<ref>{{cite news|last=KBR|first=Upala|title=KAIFi tagda hai|url=http://archive.mid-day.com/entertainment/2008/nov/131108-Salman-Khan-Katrina-Kaif-Pranksters-Cello-Yuvvraaj-Bollywood.htm|access-date=23 October 2013|work=[[Mid-Day]]|date=13 November 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141013055443/http://archive.mid-day.com/entertainment/2008/nov/131108-Salman-Khan-Katrina-Kaif-Pranksters-Cello-Yuvvraaj-Bollywood.htm|archive-date=13 October 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> Her portrayal of a girl forbidden by her father from marrying her poor lover was well received by Sify's Sonia Chopra: "Katrina is wonderful, plays the cello convincingly, and looks ethereal".<ref>{{cite web |last=Chopra |first=Sonia |title=Review: Yuvvraaj a yawn of a moral science lesson |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/review-yuvvraaj-a-yawn-of-a-moral-science-lesson-review-bollywood-14803151.html |publisher=[[Sify]] |access-date=22 October 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131222174804/http://www.sify.com/movies/review-yuvvraaj-a-yawn-of-a-moral-science-lesson-review-bollywood-14803151.html |archive-date=22 December 2013 }}</ref> Despite the film's mixed critical reception, its screenplay was added to the library of the [[Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences]] for its artistic merit.<ref>{{cite news|last=Memon |first=Ayaz |title=When lines are crossed |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/analysis/column-when-lines-are-crossed-1208634 |access-date=19 July 2014 |work=[[Daily News and Analysis]] |date=22 November 2008 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140727164342/http://www.dnaindia.com/analysis/column-when-lines-are-crossed-1208634 |archive-date=27 July 2014 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Subhash Ghai's Yuvvraaj goes to Oscar library |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/News-Feed/Entertainment/Subhash-Ghai-s-Yuvvraaj-goes-to-Oscar-library/Article1-377914.aspx |access-date=22 September 2013 |work=Hindustan Times |date=12 February 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130929235306/http://www.hindustantimes.com/News-Feed/Entertainment/Subhash-Ghai-s-Yuvvraaj-goes-to-Oscar-library/Article1-377914.aspx |archive-date=29 September 2013 }}</ref>

Before ''[[New York (2009 film)|New York]]'', Kaif's voice was [[Dubbing (filmmaking)|dubbed over]] by voice artists in most of her films due to her lack of fluency in Hindi and other Indian languages.{{efn|name=B|In ''Boom'', ''Namastey London'' and ''Singh is Kingg'', Kaif's real voice was retained.<ref>{{cite news |title=Stars with voiceovers |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/stars-with-voiceovers/article1-908137.aspx |access-date=16 October 2014 |work=Hindustan Times |date=4 August 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141021185115/http://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/stars-with-voiceovers/article1-908137.aspx |archive-date=21 October 2014 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Katrina finds her voice |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Katrina-finds-her-voice/articleshow/2212297.cms |access-date=16 October 2014 |work=The Times of India |date=20 October 2006 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141025175924/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Katrina-finds-her-voice/articleshow/2212297.cms |archive-date=25 October 2014 }}</ref>}} Although she appeared in a series of successful films, critics noted that she had little to do in them as they were generally [[Androcentrism|male-dominated]].<ref name="sixhits" /><ref>{{cite news|last=Vijayakar |first=Rajiv |title=New queen bee? |url=http://www.deccanherald.com/content/274159/queen-bee.html |access-date=19 July 2014 |work=[[Deccan Chronicle]] |date=26 August 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140726082502/http://www.deccanherald.com/content/274159/queen-bee.html |archive-date=26 July 2014 }}</ref> Her performances were also largely criticised.<ref>{{cite news|last=Kaul |first=Vivek |title=Deepika is the new Katrina |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/blogs/post-deepika-is-the-new-katrina-1581434 |access-date=22 September 2013 |work=Daily News and Analysis |date=31 July 2009 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141012222006/http://www.dnaindia.com/blogs/post-deepika-is-the-new-katrina-1581434 |archive-date=12 October 2014 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=I look at acting more as motivation than inspiration: Katrina |url=http://zeenews.india.com/exclusive/i-look-at-acting-more-as-motivation-than-inspiration-katrina_4092.html |publisher=Zee News |access-date=11 October 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131014040601/http://zeenews.india.com/exclusive/i-look-at-acting-more-as-motivation-than-inspiration-katrina_4092.html |archive-date=14 October 2013 |date=22 November 2008 }}</ref> About her series of glamorous roles, Kaif said that her "first few films were really a process of learning ... There was no target".<ref name="cream" /> Kaif participated in Shah Rukh Khan's "Temptations Reloaded" world concert tour in 2008. Also featuring [[Kareena Kapoor Khan|Kareena Kapoor]] and Arjun Rampal, the tour began in [[Amsterdam]] in June and ended four months later in [[Dubai]]'s Festival City Arena before an audience of 15,000.<ref>{{cite web|title=SRK's Temptations Reloaded 2008 kick starts!|url=http://specials.rediff.com/movies/2008/jun/27sld1.htm|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090410203435/http://specials.rediff.com/movies/2008/jun/27sld1.htm|archive-date=10 April 2009|access-date=12 October 2013|work=Rediff.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Radhakrishnan|first=Manjusha|date=26 October 2008|title=Saturday night live with Shah Rukh Khan|work=[[Gulf News]]|url=http://gulfnews.com/about-gulf-news/al-nisr-portfolio/tabloid/articles/saturday-night-live-with-shah-rukh-khan-1.138718|access-date=10 June 2014}}</ref>

=== ''New York'' and widespread recognition (2009–2013) ===
After a string of films in which she was cast to add glamour, Kaif appeared in [[Kabir Khan (director)|Kabir Khan]]'s terrorism drama ''New York'' (2009).<ref>{{cite news|last=Harshikaa |first=Udasi |title=Kat's crown |url=http://www.hindu.com/fr/2009/07/03/stories/2009070350010100.htm |access-date=23 September 2013 |date=3 July 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130928042938/http://www.hindu.com/fr/2009/07/03/stories/2009070350010100.htm |work=[[The Hindu]] |archive-date=28 September 2013 }}</ref> Featuring [[John Abraham (actor)|John Abraham]] and [[Neil Nitin Mukesh]] in lead roles, the film tells the story of how three friends' lives are changed when the former is [[Post-9/11#Suspicion|wrongly detained]] after [[September 11 attacks|9/11]]. Kaif played Maya, a college student who later marries a terrorist. The actress said that she identified with Maya, since she experienced similar isolation because of her skin colour when she was growing up in London.<ref>{{cite news|title=I was conscious of my skin colour while growing up: Katrina |url=http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/i-was-conscious-of-my-skin-colour-while-growing-up-katrina/480776/ |access-date=23 September 2013 |work=The Indian Express |date=24 June 2009 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222152209/http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/i-was-conscious-of-my-skin-colour-while-growing-up-katrina/480776/ |archive-date=22 February 2014 }}</ref> Kaif also remarked that she was tired of "arm candy" roles and was looking for more substantial parts.<ref name="arm candy">{{cite news|title=Kat is only Akshay's arm candy|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2009-08-07/news-interviews/28190362_1_akshay-kumar-katrina-kaif-s-homepage-film|access-date=23 September 2013|date=7 August 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130928093920/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2009-08-07/news-interviews/28190362_1_akshay-kumar-katrina-kaif-s-homepage-film|archive-date=28 September 2013|work=[[The Times of India]]|url-status=dead}}</ref> ''New York'' did well at the box office and received favourable reviews.<ref name="boxoffice2009">{{cite web|url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=288&catName=MjAwOQ== |title=Box Office 2009 |publisher=Box Office India |access-date=11 October 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131014131907/http://boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=288&catName=MjAwOQ%3D%3D |archive-date=14 October 2013 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=I am not glamorous in real life: Katrina Kaif |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/News-Feed/Entertainment/I-am-not-glamorous-in-real-life-Katrina-Kaif/Article1-472226.aspx |access-date=25 June 2014 |work=Hindustan Times |date=3 November 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714122213/http://www.hindustantimes.com/News-Feed/Entertainment/I-am-not-glamorous-in-real-life-Katrina-Kaif/Article1-472226.aspx |archive-date=14 July 2014 }}</ref> According to [[Subhash K. Jha]], Kaif "comes into her own as an actress of substance ... From the carefree effervescent campus girl to the anguished wife, Katrina makes the journey look plausible all the way".<ref>{{cite news|last=Jha |first=Subhash K. |title='New York', a remarkable effort |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/news-interviews/New-York-a-remarkable-effort/articleshow/4709214.cms?referral=PM |access-date=23 September 2013 |work=The Times of India |date=27 June 2009 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160215052638/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/news-interviews/New-York-a-remarkable-effort/articleshow/4709214.cms?referral=PM |archive-date=15 February 2016 }}</ref> A reviewer for ''The Times of India'' considered it to be the "best performance of her entire career."<ref>{{cite news|title=New York Movie Review|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/movie-reviews/new-york/movie-review/4707568.cms|work=The Times of India|date=26 June 2009|access-date=25 April 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180716185345/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/movie-reviews/New-York/movie-review/4707568.cms|archive-date=16 July 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> ''New York'' brought Kaif her first [[Filmfare Award for Best Actress#2010s|Filmfare Award nomination for Best Actress]].<ref name="awards">{{cite web|url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/celebritymicro/awards/id/3458 |title=Katrina Kaif | Latest Celebrity Awards |access-date=12 November 2014 |publisher=Bollywood Hungama |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141112101550/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/celebritymicro/awards/id/3458 |archive-date=12 November 2014 }}</ref> She then appeared in a cameo for India's first underwater thriller ''[[Blue (2009 film)|Blue]]''.<ref>{{cite news|last=Jha|first=Subhash K.|title=Katrina's guest performance in Blue lasts just 8 minutes|url=http://archive.mid-day.com/entertainment/2009/aug/190809-Bollywood-Katrina-Kaif-Blue-underwater-thriller-guest-performance.htm|access-date=23 September 2013|work=[[Mid-Day]]|date=19 August 2009}}</ref> Kaif starred with [[Ranbir Kapoor]] in [[Rajkumar Santoshi]]'s hit comedy, ''[[Ajab Prem Ki Ghazab Kahani]]'' (2009), as an orphan forced to marry a rich man.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=288&catName=MjAwOQ== |title=Box Office 2009 |publisher=Box Office India |access-date=28 January 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131014131907/http://boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=288&catName=MjAwOQ%3D%3D |archive-date=14 October 2013 |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Taran Adarsh]] of [[Bollywood Hungama]] wrote, "Katrina Kaif continues to surprise ... She scores in both emotional and light scenes" and called her chemistry with Kapoor "electrifying".<ref>{{cite web|last=Adarsh |first=Taran |title=Ajab Prem Ki Ghazab Kahani (2009) Review |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/criticreview/id/510223 |publisher=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |access-date=23 September 2013 |date=6 November 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131015042425/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/criticreview/id/510223 |archive-date=15 October 2013 }}</ref> Her final film of the year was [[Priyadarshan]]'s comedy ''[[De Dana Dan]]''.<ref name="arm candy" /> She performed with [[Akon]] at the closing ceremony of the [[2009 Indian Premier League]] at the [[Wanderers Stadium]] in [[Johannesburg]],<ref>{{cite web|title=Katrina-Akon bring curtains down on IPL 2009|url=http://www.sify.com/sports/katrina-akon-bring-curtains-down-on-ipl-2009-imagegallery-cricket-jfzjK9bdhgc.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131208034538/http://www.sify.com/sports/katrina-akon-bring-curtains-down-on-ipl-2009-imagegallery-cricket-jfzjK9bdhgc.html|archive-date=8 December 2013|access-date=28 January 2013|publisher=Sify}}</ref>
[[File:Katrina Kaif.jpg|thumb|alt=A woman dressed in a white salwar kameez (traditional Indian dress) with her hair down is smiling and looking away from the camera.|Kaif at a promotional event for ''[[Zindagi Na Milegi Dobara]]'', 2011|272x272px]]

In 2010, Kaif appeared in [[Prakash Jha]]'s political thriller ''[[Raajneeti]]'' as part of an ensemble cast which included Ranbir Kapoor, [[Ajay Devgan]], [[Arjun Rampal]], Nana Patekar, [[Manoj Bajpai]] and [[Sarah Thompson (actress)|Sarah Thompson]]. The film took inspiration from ''[[Mahabharata|The Mahabharata]]'' and [[Mario Puzo]]'s 1969 novel ''[[The Godfather (novel)|The Godfather]]''.<ref>{{cite news|last=Lahiri |first=Tripti |url=https://blogs.wsj.com/indiarealtime/2010/06/04/rajneeti-mahabharat-godfather-set-in-bhopal/ |title='Rajneeti': 'Mahabharat,' 'Godfather,' in Bhopal |work=[[The Wall Street Journal]] |date=4 June 2010 |access-date=11 October 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131015075752/https://blogs.wsj.com/indiarealtime/2010/06/04/rajneeti-mahabharat-godfather-set-in-bhopal/ |archive-date=15 October 2013 }}</ref> Set in [[Bhopal]], the film described a fiercely fought election campaign by two parties attempting to seize power with manipulation, corruption and treachery. Although there was media speculation before the film's release that Kaif's character was based on [[Sonia Gandhi]], the actress denied this. In preparation for her role as Indu (a politician loosely based on [[Draupadi]]), she watched [[Priyanka Gandhi]]'s election campaign videos to study the body language and interaction of politicians.<ref>{{cite web|title=I was shocked when approached for Raajneeti |url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/i-was-shocked-when-approached-for-raajneeti/115962-8-66.html |publisher=CNN-IBN |access-date=20 April 2014 |date=22 May 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140421083323/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/i-was-shocked-when-approached-for-raajneeti/115962-8-66.html |archive-date=21 April 2014 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=I watched Priyanka Gandhi's videos to get Rajneeti look: Katrina |url=http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/I+watched+Priyanka+Gandhi's+videos+to+get+Rajneeti+look:+Katrina/1/94724.html |access-date=23 September 2013 |work=India Today |date=26 April 2010 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140427030623/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/I%20watched%20Priyanka%20Gandhi%27s%20videos%20to%20get%20Rajneeti%20look%3A%20Katrina/1/94724.html |archive-date=27 April 2014 }}</ref> The film received mainly positive reviews from critics.<ref>{{cite news |last=Bhirani |first=Radhika |title=Raajneeti has coffers ringing with political winner |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/News-Feed/Entertainment/Raajneeti-has-coffers-ringing-with-political-winner/Article1-555238.aspx |access-date=22 October 2013 |work=Hindustan Times |date=9 June 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131025174724/http://www.hindustantimes.com/News-Feed/Entertainment/Raajneeti-has-coffers-ringing-with-political-winner/Article1-555238.aspx |archive-date=25 October 2013 }}</ref> Rajeev Masand found ''Raajneeti'' "thrilling and gripping", though [[Namrata Joshi]] was more critical and expressed her disappointment over the film's depiction of women.<ref>{{cite web|last=Masand |first=Rajeev |title='Raajneeti' is thrilling and gripping |url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/masand-raajneeti-is-thrilling-and-gripping/121986-8-84.html |publisher=CNN-IBN |access-date=13 January 2014 |date=5 June 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140113231757/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/masand-raajneeti-is-thrilling-and-gripping/121986-8-84.html |archive-date=13 January 2014 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Joshi |first=Namrata |title=Rajneeti |url=http://www.outlookindia.com/article/Rajneeti/265711 |access-date=24 September 2013 |work=[[Outlook (Indian magazine)|Outlook]] |date=4 June 2010 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714144900/http://www.outlookindia.com/article/Rajneeti/265711 |archive-date=14 July 2014 }}</ref> Nikhat Kazmi considered Kaif's performance to be "carefree and camera-unconscious" and wrote that she "seems to slip into the high-powered shoes easily".<ref>{{cite news|last=Kazmi |first=Nikhat |title=Raajneeti Review |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/movie-reviews/hindi/Raajneeti/movie-review/6007822.cms |access-date=23 September 2013 |work=The Times of India |date=3 June 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120820214326/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/movie-reviews/hindi/Raajneeti/movie-review/6007822.cms |archive-date=20 August 2012 }}</ref> The film was highly successful at the box office, receiving a total collection of {{INRConvert|1.4|b}}.<ref name="top" /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=318&catName=MjAxMA== |title=Box Office 2010 |publisher=Box Office India |access-date=23 September 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131014062657/http://www.boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=318&catName=MjAxMA%3D%3D |archive-date=14 October 2013 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

Kaif collaborated with Akshay Kumar for the sixth time in the [[slapstick]] comedy ''[[Tees Maar Khan (2010 film)|Tees Maar Khan]]'' (2010).<ref>{{cite web|title=Akshay Kumar wants Katrina as his lady |url=http://www.emirates247.com/entertainment/akshay-kumar-wants-katrina-as-his-lady-2012-04-02-1.451645 |publisher=[[Emirates 24/7]] |date=2 April 2012 |access-date=10 December 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141214182711/http://www.emirates247.com/entertainment/akshay-kumar-wants-katrina-as-his-lady-2012-04-02-1.451645 |archive-date=14 December 2014 }}</ref> For her role as an aspiring actress, Kaif appeared in a popular [[item number]] titled "[[Sheila Ki Jawani]]". The song was choreographed by the film's director [[Farah Khan]] and for the belly dancing portion of the song, Kaif was trained by expert Veronica D'Souza.<ref>{{cite news|last=Dabholkar|first=Reshma K.|title=Katrina: Bollywood's only belly dancer|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Katrina-Bollywoods-only-belly-dancer/pmredirectshow/7058136.cms?|access-date=19 May 2015|work=The Times of India|date=7 December 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180208112323/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Katrina-Bollywoods-only-belly-dancer/pmredirectshow/7058136.cms|archive-date=8 February 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> "Sheila Ki Jawani" was often compared to another item number released the same year "[[Munni Badnaam Hui]]" from ''[[Dabangg]]''.<ref>{{cite news|last=Wangoo|first=Anupama|title=Sheila steals Munni's thunder|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chandigarh/Sheila-steals-Munnis-thunder/articleshow/7164852.cms?referral=PM|access-date=21 May 2015|work=The Times of India|date=26 December 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180208112323/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chandigarh/Sheila-steals-Munnis-thunder/articleshow/7164852.cms?referral=PM|archive-date=8 February 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> Despite the song's popularity, ''Tees Maar Khan'' was panned by critics and underperformed at the box office.<ref>{{cite news |title=TMK fails to impress critics |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/Entertainment/Bollywood/TMK-fails-to-impress-critics/Article1-642276.aspx |access-date=22 October 2013 |work=Hindustan Times |date=24 December 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131025174721/http://www.hindustantimes.com/Entertainment/Bollywood/TMK-fails-to-impress-critics/Article1-642276.aspx |archive-date=25 October 2013 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Fall and fall of akki |url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1110209/jsp/entertainment/story_13553921.jsp |access-date=10 December 2014 |work=[[The Telegraph (Calcutta)|The Telegraph]] |date=9 February 2011 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141210050313/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1110209/jsp/entertainment/story_13553921.jsp |archive-date=10 December 2014 }}</ref> Kaif's portrayal was not well received; Renuka Rao of ''[[Daily News and Analysis]]'' said that her "drama queen act is performed ... poorly", but noted that she "does full justice" to the item number.<ref>{{cite news|last=Rao |first=Renuka |title=Review: Tees Maar Khan is not worth even a free ticket |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/review-review-tees-maar-khan-is-not-worth-even-a-free-ticket-1485367 |access-date=23 September 2013 |work=Daily News and Analysis |date=3 December 2010 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141012223534/http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/review-review-tees-maar-khan-is-not-worth-even-a-free-ticket-1485367 |archive-date=12 October 2014 }}</ref>

The following year, Kaif was paired with [[Hrithik Roshan]] in [[Zoya Akhtar]]'s coming-of-age dramedy ''[[Zindagi Na Milegi Dobara]]''.<ref>{{cite news|last=Lalwani|first=Vickey|title=No issues with the kiss: Hrithik Roshan, Katrina Kaif|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-06-24/news-interviews/29698522_1_katrina-kaif-kiss-locking-lips|access-date=24 September 2013|date=24 June 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130928034348/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-06-24/news-interviews/29698522_1_katrina-kaif-kiss-locking-lips|archive-date=28 September 2013|work=[[The Times of India]]|url-status=dead}}</ref> The film narrates the story of three friends on a bachelor trip, and how the [[workaholic|workaholism]] of one was overcome with the help of Laila (Kaif). The film was a critical and commercial success.<ref>{{cite news|last=Sahni |first=Diksha |url=https://blogs.wsj.com/indiarealtime/2011/07/15/review-round-up-zindagi-na-milegi-dobara/ |title=Review Round-Up: 'Zindagi Na Milegi Dobara' |work=The Wall Street Journal |date=15 July 2011 |access-date=26 June 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714233533/https://blogs.wsj.com/indiarealtime/2011/07/15/review-round-up-zindagi-na-milegi-dobara/ |archive-date=14 July 2014 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/cpages.php?pageName=earnings|title=Box Office Earnings 19/08/10 – 25/08/11 (Nett Collections in Ind Rs)|publisher=Box Office India|access-date=10 December 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110903171326/http://www.boxofficeindia.com/cpages.php?pageName=earnings|archive-date=3 September 2011}}</ref> Richard Kuipers of ''[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]'' commented that she is "delightful as the sweet-natured girl who inspires everyone to look in the mirror and do something about it".<ref>{{cite news|last=Kuipers |first=Richard |title=Review: 'Zindagi na milegi dobara' |url=https://variety.com/2011/film/reviews/zindagi-na-milegi-dobara-1117945686/ |access-date=23 September 2013 |work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |date=21 July 2011 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130928223219/http://variety.com/2011/film/reviews/zindagi-na-milegi-dobara-1117945686/ |archive-date=28 September 2013 }}</ref> ''Zindagi Na Milegi Dobara'' was one of the most awarded films of the year and received numerous Best Film accolades.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/awards/id/535587|title=Zindagi Na Milegi Dobara (2011) | Latest Movie Awards|access-date=28 January 2014|publisher=Bollywood Hungama|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131103035713/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/awards/id/535587|archive-date=3 November 2013}}</ref>

Kaif then featured in [[Yash Raj Films]]' romantic comedy ''[[Mere Brother Ki Dulhan]]'' (2011) with [[Imran Khan (Bollywood actor)|Imran Khan]] and [[Ali Zafar]].<ref>{{cite news|last=Guharoy|first=Rounak|title=Imran Khan, Katrina Kaif set the stage on fire|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-08-11/news-interviews/29875873_1_ali-zafar-mere-brother-ki-dulhan-katrina-kaif|access-date=23 September 2013|date=11 August 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130928033847/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-08-11/news-interviews/29875873_1_ali-zafar-mere-brother-ki-dulhan-katrina-kaif|archive-date=28 September 2013|work=[[The Times of India]]|url-status=dead}}</ref> She was cast as Dimple Dixit, a "talkative", "unpredictable" girl, a role she described as challenging as the character's personality contrasted with her own.<ref>{{cite news|last=Jha|first=Subhash K.|title=Katrina gets headstrong!|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2010-11-04/news-interviews/28271258_1_ali-abbas-zafar-katrina-kaif-girl-after-much-preparation|access-date=24 September 2013|date=4 November 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130928033849/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2010-11-04/news-interviews/28271258_1_ali-abbas-zafar-katrina-kaif-girl-after-much-preparation|archive-date=28 September 2013|work=[[The Times of India]]|url-status=dead}}</ref> While the film earned mixed reviews, Kaif was generally praised for her portrayal.<ref name="dhoom" /><ref>{{cite news|last=Garia |first=Nikita |url=https://blogs.wsj.com/indiarealtime/2011/09/10/review-round-up-mere-brother-ki-dulhan/ |title=Review Round-Up: 'Mere Brother Ki Dulhan' |work=The Wall Street Journal |date=10 September 2011 |access-date=26 October 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029201255/https://blogs.wsj.com/indiarealtime/2011/09/10/review-round-up-mere-brother-ki-dulhan/ |archive-date=29 October 2013 }}</ref> The book ''Mother Maiden Mistress'' called Dimple one of the more interesting female characters of the year.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Somaaya|first1=Bhawana|last2=Kothari|first2=Jigna|last3=Madangarli|first3=Supriya|title=Mother Maiden Mistress: Women in Hindi Cinema, 1950–2010|date=9 January 2013|publisher=HarperCollins India|isbn=978-81-7223-859-9|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Dtec0Ykfo1sC&pg=RA5-PA2011|page=2011}}</ref> Gaurav Malani of ''[[The Economic Times]]'' said the film was watchable because of "Katrina's live-wire energy wherein she never goes overboard and keeps bustling with vivacity through the runtime".<ref>{{cite news|last=Malani|first=Gaurav|title=Mere Brother Ki Dulhan: Movie review|url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2011-09-09/news/30135706_1_mere-brother-ki-dulhan-katrina-kaif-imran-khan|access-date=23 September 2013|work=The Economic Times|date=9 September 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130928031353/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2011-09-09/news/30135706_1_mere-brother-ki-dulhan-katrina-kaif-imran-khan|archive-date=28 September 2013|url-status=live}}</ref> For this performance, Kaif received her second Filmfare nomination in the Best Actress category.<ref name="awards" />

[[File:Anushka Sharma, Shahrukh Khan and Katrina Kaif at the premiere of JAB TAK HAI JAAN.jpg|thumb|left|alt=A man in a suit is interlocking arms with two women. The woman on the left is wearing a blue one-shouldered gown with her hair up, while the woman on the right is wearing a gold sari (South Asian attire) with her hair down.|Kaif (right) with [[Anushka Sharma]] and [[Shah Rukh Khan]] at the premiere of ''[[Jab Tak Hai Jaan]]'', 2012|293x293px]]

In 2012, Kaif appeared in "[[Chikni Chameli]]", an item number in ''[[Agneepath (2012 film)|Agneepath]]'' that incorporated dance steps from the [[Lavani]] genre (a [[Maharashtra|Maharashtrian]] folk dance). The song was filmed over a ten-day period<ref>{{cite news|last=Raje|first=Abhishek|title=Chikni Chameli gets 3.8 million views within a week!|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-12-28/news-interviews/30562001_1_chikni-chameli-agneepath-katrina-kaif|access-date=12 October 2013|date=28 December 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131015114513/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-12-28/news-interviews/30562001_1_chikni-chameli-agneepath-katrina-kaif|archive-date=15 October 2013|work=[[The Times of India]]|url-status=dead}}</ref> and, according to the actress, "It was hard work. It was very fast and it was not a style I was used to, but I took it as a challenge".<ref>{{cite news |title=Chikni Chameli not my style: Katrina Kaif |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/Entertainment/Bollywood/Chikni-Chameli-not-my-style-Katrina-Kaif/Article1-787297.aspx |access-date=12 October 2013 |work=Hindustan Times |date=26 December 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131021230355/http://www.hindustantimes.com/Entertainment/Bollywood/Chikni-Chameli-not-my-style-Katrina-Kaif/Article1-787297.aspx |archive-date=21 October 2013 }}</ref> Kaif appeared next in Kabir Khan's espionage thriller ''[[Ek Tha Tiger]]'' as a Pakistani [[Inter-Services Intelligence|ISI]] agent who falls in love with an Indian [[Research and Analysis Wing|RAW]] agent. Shubhra Gupta of ''The Indian Express'' wrote about her performance: "Katrina is an able, animated foil to Salman, her long legs making her leaps and kicks credible".<ref>{{cite news|last=Gupta|first=Shubhra|title=Ek Tha Tiger|url=http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/ek-tha-tiger/989475/0|access-date=24 September 2013|work=The Indian Express|date=17 August 2012|archive-url=https://archive.today/20140204100146/http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/ek-tha-tiger/989475/0|archive-date=4 February 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> The film received predominantly positive reviews, with Aniruddha Guha of ''Daily News and Analysis'' calling it "smart and stylish".<ref>{{cite news |title=Critics Report: Ek Tha Tiger burning bright |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/Entertainment/Bollywood/Critics-Report-Ek-Tha-Tiger-burning-bright/Article1-914019.aspx |access-date=22 October 2013 |work=Hindustan Times |date=15 August 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131025174658/http://www.hindustantimes.com/Entertainment/Bollywood/Critics-Report-Ek-Tha-Tiger-burning-bright/Article1-914019.aspx |archive-date=25 October 2013 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Guha |first=Aniruddha |title=Aniruddha Guha reviews Ek Tha Tiger |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/review-aniruddha-guha-reviews-ek-tha-tiger-method-in-the-salman-madness-1728293 |work=Daily News and Analysis |date=15 August 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141012224312/http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/review-aniruddha-guha-reviews-ek-tha-tiger-method-in-the-salman-madness-1728293 |archive-date=12 October 2014 }}</ref> With worldwide earnings of {{INRConvert|3.1|b}}, ''Ek Tha Tiger'' was the [[List of Bollywood films of 2012|highest-grossing Bollywood film of the year]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/boxnewsdetail.php?page=shownews&articleid=5979&nCat=|title=Chennai Express Crosses Ek Tha Tiger Worldwide in Ten Days|publisher=Box Office India|access-date=21 September 2013|date=19 August 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131105220137/http://boxofficeindia.com/boxnewsdetail.php?page=shownews&articleid=5979&nCat=|archive-date=5 November 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.ibtimes.co.in/articles/415845/20121217/top-10-grossers-2012.htm |title=Top 10 Bollywood Box Office Grossers of 2012; "Ek Tha Tiger" Tops List |date=17 December 2012 |work=[[International Business Times]] |access-date=14 January 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140114080943/http://www.ibtimes.co.in/articles/415845/20121217/top-10-grossers-2012.htm |archive-date=14 January 2014 }}</ref>

That year Kaif also appeared with [[Shah Rukh Khan]] and [[Anushka Sharma]] in [[Yash Chopra]]'s [[Swan song#Idiom|swan song]], the romance ''[[Jab Tak Hai Jaan]]''.<ref>{{cite web|last=Roy|first=Gitanjali|title=Big bang at the box office today: Jab Tak Hai Jaan, Son Of Sardaar|url=http://movies.ndtv.com/bollywood/big-bang-at-the-box-office-today-jab-tak-hai-jaan-son-of-sardaar-291901|publisher=NDTV|access-date=28 March 2014|date=13 November 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140527015235/http://movies.ndtv.com/bollywood/big-bang-at-the-box-office-today-jab-tak-hai-jaan-son-of-sardaar-291901|archive-date=27 May 2014}}</ref> About working with Chopra, she remarked that he "undoubtedly is the king of romance and I have always admired the way he presents his heroines. It was always a dream to work with him and the reality is even better".<ref>{{cite news|title=Reality better than dreams: Katrina Kaif|url=http://archive.mid-day.com/entertainment/2012/apr/270412-Reality-better-than-dreams-Katrina-Kaif.htm|archive-url=https://archive.today/20140204102048/http://archive.mid-day.com/entertainment/2012/apr/270412-Reality-better-than-dreams-Katrina-Kaif.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=4 February 2014|access-date=24 September 2013|work=[[Mid-Day]]|date=27 April 2012}}</ref> She played Meera, a woman who promises God to end her affair with her comatose lover if he survives. Although the film received mostly positive reviews, Kaif's performance had a mixed reception.<ref>{{cite news|last=Rana |first=Preetika |url=https://blogs.wsj.com/indiarealtime/2012/11/13/review-round-up-jab-tak-hai-jaan-woos-critics/ |title=Review Round Up: 'Jab Tak Hai Jaan' Woos Critics |work=The Wall Street Journal |date=13 November 2012 |access-date=26 October 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029212135/https://blogs.wsj.com/indiarealtime/2012/11/13/review-round-up-jab-tak-hai-jaan-woos-critics/ |archive-date=29 October 2013 }}</ref> CNN-IBN wrote: "Meera's role was a difficult one and Katrina falls short in emotional scenes. It seems Katrina still doesn't feel very easy in front of the camera and has difficulty with complex expressions".<ref>{{cite web|last=Vats |first=Rohit |title=Jab Tak Hai Jaan: How has Katrina Kaif fared in the film? |url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/jab-tak-hai-jaan-how-has-katrina-kaif-fared-in-the-film/305984-8.html |publisher=CNN-IBN |access-date=24 September 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131009015036/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/jab-tak-hai-jaan-how-has-katrina-kaif-fared-in-the-film/305984-8.html |archive-date= 9 October 2013 }}</ref> Commercially, the film proved a box-office hit with revenues of {{INRConvert|2.11|b}} worldwide.<ref>{{cite news|last=Mehta |first=Ankita |title='Jab Tak Hai Jaan' Box Office Collection: Shahrukh Starrer is a Blockbuster Overseas |url=http://www.ibtimes.co.in/articles/411072/20121204/jab-tak-hai-jaan-box-office-collection.htm |work=International Business Times |access-date=24 September 2013 |date=4 December 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130927081651/http://www.ibtimes.co.in/articles/411072/20121204/jab-tak-hai-jaan-box-office-collection.htm |archive-date=27 September 2013 }}</ref>

=== Fluctuations and current work (2013–present) ===
Kaif rejoined Shah Rukh Khan for his 2013 "Temptations Reloaded" concert in [[Muscat, Oman|Muscat]], performing to an audience of over 18,000,<ref>{{cite video|url=http://ibnlive.in.com/videos/373885/temptations-reloaded-2013-srk-katrina-preity-enthrall-muscat.html|title=Temptations Reloaded 2013: SRK, Katrina, Preity enthrall Muscat|date=19 February 2013|publisher=CNN-IBN|access-date=10 June 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140715210246/http://ibnlive.in.com/videos/373885/temptations-reloaded-2013-srk-katrina-preity-enthrall-muscat.html|archive-date=15 July 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> and joined Shah Rukh Khan, [[Deepika Padukone]] and [[Pitbull (rapper)|Pitbull]] in [[Kolkata]] for the opening ceremony of the [[2013 Indian Premier League|2013 IPL season]].<ref>{{cite web|date=3 April 2013|title=IPL 2013: Shah Rukh Khan, Katrina Kaif, Deepika Padukone, Pitbull showcase diverse culture|url=http://movies.ndtv.com/bollywood/ipl-2013-shah-rukh-khan-katrina-kaif-deepika-padukone-pitbull-showcase-diverse-culture-349474|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140713121133/http://movies.ndtv.com/bollywood/ipl-2013-shah-rukh-khan-katrina-kaif-deepika-padukone-pitbull-showcase-diverse-culture-349474|archive-date=13 July 2014|access-date=10 June 2014|publisher=NDTV}}</ref> In 2013, she appeared briefly with [[Aamir Khan]] in [[Vijay Krishna Acharya]]'s action thriller ''[[Dhoom 3]]''.<ref>{{cite news|title=Aamir, Abhishek, Katrina and Uday promote 'Dhoom 3' |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news-interviews/Aamir-Abhishek-Katrina-and-Uday-promote-Dhoom-3/articleshow/27215896.cms |access-date=10 July 2014 |work=The Times of India |date=11 December 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160215052736/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news-interviews/Aamir-Abhishek-Katrina-and-Uday-promote-Dhoom-3/articleshow/27215896.cms |archive-date=15 February 2016 }}</ref> To prepare for her role as a circus performer, she undertook a year-long regimen of [[Pilates]], [[functional training]] and [[aerial straps]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Katrina Kaif gets perfect body for Dhoom 3|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-11-21/news-interviews/44325481_1_dhoom-3-katrina-kaif-perfect-body|access-date=13 January 2014|date=21 November 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140114014039/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-11-21/news-interviews/44325481_1_dhoom-3-katrina-kaif-perfect-body|archive-date=14 January 2014|work=[[The Times of India]]|url-status=dead}}</ref> The film received ambivalent reviews and Kaif was criticised for taking on an insubstantial part.<ref>{{cite news |title=Movie review: Dhoom 3 a splendid watch but lacks imagination |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/reviews/movie-review-dhoom-3-a-splendid-watch-but-lacks-imagination/article1-1164671.aspx |access-date=13 January 2014 |work=Hindustan Times |date=20 December 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140112223634/http://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/reviews/movie-review-dhoom-3-a-splendid-watch-but-lacks-imagination/article1-1164671.aspx |archive-date=12 January 2014 }}</ref> Earning {{INRConvert|5.42|b}} in box-office receipts, ''Dhoom 3'' went on to become the [[List of highest-grossing Bollywood films|highest-grossing Bollywood film of all time]] until it was surpassed by ''[[PK (film)|PK]]'' in 2014.<ref>{{cite news|last=Upadhyaya |first=Prakash |title='PK'(Peekay) Box Office Collection: Aamir Khan Starrer's Next Target – ₹600 Crores |url=http://www.ibtimes.co.in/pk-peekay-box-office-collection-aamir-khan-starrers-next-target-600-crores-619194 |work=International Business Times |access-date=4 January 2015 |date=4 January 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150104162528/http://www.ibtimes.co.in/pk-peekay-box-office-collection-aamir-khan-starrers-next-target-600-crores-619194 |archive-date= 4 January 2015 }}</ref>

Kaif's next appearance was in [[Siddharth Anand]]'s ''[[Bang Bang!]]'' (2014), a remake of the 2010 action comedy ''[[Knight and Day]]''.<ref>{{cite news|last=Lalwani |first=Vickey |title=Hrithik prepping up for Knight and Day remake |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Hrithik-prepping-up-for-Knight-and-Day-remake/articleshow/18441696.cms |access-date=26 September 2013 |work=The Times of India |date=11 February 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140905031120/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Hrithik-prepping-up-for-Knight-and-Day-remake/articleshow/18441696.cms |archive-date= 5 September 2014 }}</ref> She played a bank receptionist who unwittingly gets caught up with a secret agent (Hrithik Roshan). [[Raja Sen]] of Rediff.com was disappointed with her performance, describing it as "insufferable".<ref>{{cite web|last=Sen |first=Raja |title=Review: Bang Bang is loud, dumb, exhausting |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/review/review-bang-bang-is-loud-dumb-exhausting/20141002.htm |date=2 October 2014 |work=Rediff.com |access-date=4 October 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141004042138/http://www.rediff.com/movies/review/review-bang-bang-is-loud-dumb-exhausting/20141002.htm |archive-date= 4 October 2014 }}</ref> Although the film was commercially successful, financial analysts observed that it failed to meet box-office expectations.<ref>{{cite web|title=Mumbai 125KM And Sonali Cable Dull Bang Bang Is Semi Hit |url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/Details/art_detail/mumbai125kmandsonalicabledullbangbangissemihit#.VEIIHfmUeSo |date=18 October 2014 |publisher=Box Office India |access-date=18 October 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141021112147/http://boxofficeindia.com/Details/art_detail/mumbai125kmandsonalicabledullbangbangissemihit |archive-date=21 October 2014 }}</ref> ''Ek Tha Tiger'', ''Dhoom 3'' and ''Bang Bang!'' still rank in the [[list of highest-grossing Indian films]], while ''Jab Tak Hai Jaan'' still rank in the [[list of highest-grossing Indian films in overseas markets]]

Kaif's sole appearance of 2015 was with Saif Ali Khan in Kabir Khan's [[Aftermath of the 2008 Mumbai attacks|post 26/11]] [[counter-terrorism]] drama ''[[Phantom (2015 film)|Phantom]]''.<ref>{{cite web|title=After Phantom, Kabir Khan's Bajrangi Bhaijaan to kick start on November 3 |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/2692973/After-Phantom%2C-Kabir-Khan%27s-Bajrangi-Bhaijaan-to-kick-start-on-November-3 |access-date=1 November 2014 |publisher=Bollywood Hungama |date=1 November 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141103145619/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/2692973/After-Phantom%2C-Kabir-Khan%27s-Bajrangi-Bhaijaan-to-kick-start-on-November-3 |archive-date= 3 November 2014 }}</ref> In 2016, Kaif appeared in two films. In [[Abhishek Kapoor]]'s ''[[Fitoor]]'', an adaptation of [[Charles Dickens]]' ''[[Great Expectations]]'', Kaif played a role based on [[Estella (Great Expectations)|Estella Havisham]] along with [[Aditya Roy Kapur]] and [[Tabu (actress)|Tabu]].<ref>{{cite web|last=Prashar|first=Chandni|title=Katrina Kaif, Aditya Roy Kapur Fight Kashmir Chill With Fitoor Kiss|url=http://movies.ndtv.com/bollywood/katrina-kaif-aditya-roy-kapur-fight-kashmir-chill-with-fitoor-kiss-736871|publisher=NDTV|date=4 February 2015|access-date=9 February 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150311032701/http://movies.ndtv.com/bollywood/katrina-kaif-aditya-roy-kapur-fight-kashmir-chill-with-fitoor-kiss-736871|archive-date=11 March 2015}}</ref> Later that year she featured in [[Nitya Mehra]]'s love story ''[[Baar Baar Dekho (film)|Baar Baar Dekho]]'' with [[Sidharth Malhotra]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Not 'Kal Jisne Dekha', Katrina Kaif-Sidharth Malhotra's film gets a new title |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-not-kal-jisne-dekha-katrina-kaif-sidharth-malhotra-s-film-gets-a-new-title-2120899 |access-date=27 September 2015 |work=Daily News and Analysis |date=1 September 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150928225206/http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-not-kal-jisne-dekha-katrina-kaif-sidharth-malhotra-s-film-gets-a-new-title-2120899 |archive-date=28 September 2015 }}</ref> Both films were critical and commercial failures.<ref>{{cite news|last=Thakur |first=Charu |title=Baar Baar Dekho to Fitoor: 2016's glossy films which sank without a trace |url=http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/baar-baar-dekho-sidharth-katrina-mohenjo-daro-fitoor-ki-and-ka-2016-flop-films/1/762438.html |access-date=11 October 2016 |work=India Today |date=12 September 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161011230640/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/baar-baar-dekho-sidharth-katrina-mohenjo-daro-fitoor-ki-and-ka-2016-flop-films/1/762438.html |archive-date=11 October 2016 }}</ref> In a review for the former, Namrata Joshi wrote: "Katrina is good so long as she has to just be herself. So she dances, smiles and flirts well, but the minute a dramatic scene comes up, her utter inadequacy as a performer shows."<ref>{{cite news|last=Joshi|first=Namrata|title=Fitoor doesn't live up to expectations|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/karnataka/fitoor-doesnt-live-up-to-expectations/article8235812.ece|access-date=11 October 2016|work=The Hindu|date=14 February 2016}}</ref> Also in 2016, she joined other Indian celebrities for the "Dream Team Tour", where they performed in various American cities.<ref>{{cite news|last=Shekhar|first=Mimansa|date=26 August 2016|title=Alia Bhatt, Katrina Kaif, Sidharth Malhotra's Dream Team signs off with the ultimate booth photo, see pics|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/alia-bhatt-katrina-kaif-sidharth-malhotras-dream-team-signs-off-booth-photo-2991995/|url-status=live|access-date=11 October 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161011230840/http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/alia-bhatt-katrina-kaif-sidharth-malhotras-dream-team-signs-off-booth-photo-2991995/|archive-date=11 October 2016}}</ref>

[[File:Aditya, Katrina promot film ‘Fitoor’.jpg|thumb|left|Kaif with co-star [[Aditya Roy Kapur]] at an event for ''[[Fitoor]]'' in 2016|225x225px]]
Kaif next appeared alongside Ranbir Kapoor in [[Anurag Basu]]'s comedy-adventure film ''[[Jagga Jasoos]]'', which was released in 2017 after multiple delays.<ref>{{cite web |title=Jagga Jasoos: Twists, turns and another release date |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/report/jagga-jasoos-ranbir-kapoor-katrina-kaif-twists-turns-and-another-release-date/20170524.htm |access-date=3 August 2017 |date=24 May 2017 |work=Rediff.com |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170803212234/http://www.rediff.com/movies/report/jagga-jasoos-ranbir-kapoor-katrina-kaif-twists-turns-and-another-release-date/20170524.htm |archive-date=3 August 2017 |url-status=live }}</ref> The film opened to mixed critical response and was a commercial disappointment.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/anurag-basu-on-jagga-jasoos-failure-4768232/|title=Anurag Basu on Jagga Jasoos failure: Rejection paves path for my next, promise won't disappoint you|last=Kamleshwari|first=A.|work=The Indian Express|date=26 July 2017|access-date=1 November 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171103232729/http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/anurag-basu-on-jagga-jasoos-failure-4768232/|archive-date=3 November 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Mayank Shekhar]] from [[Mid-Day]] said, "Honestly, I know no two faces as pleasant as [[Ranbir Kapoor]] and Katrina Kaif on the Indian screen. They naturally shine before the camera."<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.mid-day.com/articles/jagga-jasoos-movie-review-film-rating-ranbir-kapoor-katrina-kaif-anurag-basu-bollywood-news/18423172|title=Jagga Jasoos Movie Review: Ranbir Kapoor and Katrina Kaif shine before camera|date=14 July 2017|work=mid-day|access-date=30 April 2018|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171221115928/http://www.mid-day.com/articles/jagga-jasoos-movie-review-film-rating-ranbir-kapoor-katrina-kaif-anurag-basu-bollywood-news/18423172|archive-date=21 December 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> In the same year, Kaif reteamed with Salman Khan and reprised the role of Zoya in the Ali Abbas Zafar's action thriller film ''[[Tiger Zinda Hai]]'', sequel to the 2012 film ''Ek Tha Tiger.'' The film released on [[Christmas]] weekend and opened to strong box office collections, collecting over ₹1.1 billion within three days of release.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/tiger-zinda-hai-first-look-salman-khan-katrina-kaif/1/1070890.html|title=Tiger Zinda Hai first look: Salman Khan's brooding appearance makes for the perfect Diwali gift|last=Palat|first=Lakshana L|work=India Today|date=18 October 2017|access-date=1 November 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171024214517/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/tiger-zinda-hai-first-look-salman-khan-katrina-kaif/1/1070890.html|archive-date=24 October 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> Rachit Gupta of ''[[Filmfare]]'' wrote, "The screenplay goes easy on [Kaif] by not giving her stand and dialogue. Instead, she does the bulk of the hand to hand combat and gun fights and she looks the part. It's invigorating to see a lady kick-ass with so much élan and pull all the punches like they're real."<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.filmfare.com/reviews/bollywood-movies/tiger-zinda-hai-movie-review-slick-and-smart-25773.html|title=Movie Review: Tiger Zinda Hai|work=Filmfare|access-date=25 December 2017|last=Gupta|first=Rachit|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171226020812/https://www.filmfare.com/reviews/bollywood-movies/tiger-zinda-hai-movie-review-slick-and-smart-25773.html|archive-date=26 December 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>

In 2018, Kaif played a supporting role in the [[Period film|period]] [[Action adventure film|action-adventure]] film ''[[Thugs of Hindostan]],'' marking her second collaboration with Aamir Khan, Amitabh Bachchan and director Vijay Krishna Acharya.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.yashrajfilms.com/news/detail/2017/05/11/katrina-kaif-joins-yrf-star-studded-mega-project-thugs-of-hindostan|title=Katrina Kaif Joins YRF's Star Studded Mega Project Thugs of Hindostan|website=www.yashrajfilms.com|access-date=11 May 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170821003004/https://www.yashrajfilms.com/news/detail/2017/05/11/katrina-kaif-joins-yrf-star-studded-mega-project-thugs-of-hindostan|archive-date=21 August 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> Kaif was also a female lead, alongside Anushka Sharma, in [[Anand L Rai]]'s ''[[Zero (2018 film)|Zero]]'', playing an alcoholic actress and marking her second collaboration with Shah Rukh Khan and Sharma (after 2012's ''Jab Tak Hai Jaan)''.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.ibtimes.co.in/confirmed-shah-rukh-khan-romance-alia-bhatt-katrina-kaif-not-deepika-padukone-aanand-l-rais-725915|title=Confirmed: Shah Rukh Khan to romance Alia Bhatt and Katrina Kaif, not Deepika Padukone, in Aanand L Rai's film|last=Sen|first=Sushmita|work=International Business Times, India Edition|access-date=14 May 2017|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170511162028/http://www.ibtimes.co.in/confirmed-shah-rukh-khan-romance-alia-bhatt-katrina-kaif-not-deepika-padukone-aanand-l-rais-725915|archive-date=11 May 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> ''Zero'' received mixed reviews from critics, but Kaif's portrayal of an alcoholic actress earned her critical praise,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/katrina-kaif-is-the-surprise-element-of-aanand-l-rai-directorial-zero/articleshow/67191729.cms|title=Katrina Kaif is the surprise element of Aanand L. Rai directorial 'Zero' - Times of India|website=The Times of India|access-date=21 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181222004246/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/katrina-kaif-is-the-surprise-element-of-aanand-l-rai-directorial-zero/articleshow/67191729.cms|archive-date=22 December 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> with Udita Jhunjhunwala of ''[[Mint (newspaper)|Mint]]'' crediting for her for delivering "what could be considered her most authentic performance".<ref>{{cite news|author=Jhunjhunwala, Udita|url=https://www.livemint.com/Consumer/TlxM9eycHLcXlqL2yAyoXJ/Movie-review-Zero-a-stunted-love-story-that-stalls-at-lift.html|title=Zero movie review: A love story that stalls at lift off|work=Mint|date=22 December 2018|access-date=13 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181223130700/https://www.livemint.com/Consumer/TlxM9eycHLcXlqL2yAyoXJ/Movie-review-Zero-a-stunted-love-story-that-stalls-at-lift.html|archive-date=23 December 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> She received a nomination for the [[Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actress]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.filmfare.com/news/bollywood/nominations-for-the-64th-vimal-filmfare-awards-2019_-32898-1.html |title=Nominations for the 64th Vimal Filmfare Awards 2019 |work=Filmfare |date=12 March 2019 |access-date=13 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190316052927/https://www.filmfare.com/news/bollywood/nominations-for-the-64th-vimal-filmfare-awards-2019_-32898-1.html |archive-date=16 March 2019 |url-status=dead }}</ref> However, both ''Thugs of Hindustan'' and ''Zero'' were commercially unsuccessful.<ref>{{cite news |title=Can the Bollywood Khans stage a comeback? |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/can-the-bollywood-khans-stage-a-comeback/cid/1681755 |date=14 January 2019 |work=The Telegraph |author=Dua, Aarti |access-date=16 January 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190116201052/https://www.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/can-the-bollywood-khans-stage-a-comeback/cid/1681755 |archive-date=16 January 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref>

In 2019, Kaif once again collaborated with Salman Khan and Ali Abbas Zafar in the drama ''[[Bharat (film)|Bharat]]'', an adaptation of the South Korean film ''[[Ode to My Father]]'' (2014). She replaced [[Priyanka Chopra]], after the latter opted out days before filming her scenes.<ref>{{cite news |title=Katrina Kaif replaces Priyanka Chopra in Bharat|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/bollywood/010818/katrina-kaif-replaces-priyanka-chopra-in-bharat.html |date=1 August 2018 |work=Deccan Chronicle |author=Jha, Subhash K |access-date=29 July 2020}}</ref> The film became one of the [[List of Bollywood films of 2019#Box office collection|highest-grossing Hindi films of 2019]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.businesstoday.in/trending/box-office/bharat-box-office-collection-day-22-salman-khan-film-breaches-rs-325-crore-mark-worldwide/story/359320.html|title=Bharat Box Office Collection Day 22: Salman Khan's film breaches Rs 325-crore mark worldwide|website=www.businesstoday.in|access-date=2 July 2019|archive-date=2 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190702162011/https://www.businesstoday.in/trending/box-office/bharat-box-office-collection-day-22-salman-khan-film-breaches-rs-325-crore-mark-worldwide/story/359320.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Kaif will next appear in [[Rohit Shetty]]'s action film ''[[Sooryavanshi]]'' alongside [[Akshay Kumar]] and in the comedy horror film ''Phone Bhoot'' opposite [[Siddhant Chaturvedi]] and [[Ishaan Khatter]].<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/should-work-in-spaces-we-are-comfortable-in-says-katrina-kaif-on-being-a-glamourous-heroine/story-kz4bjYMRspdncBepP8RrXJ.html |title=Should work in spaces we are comfortable in, says Katrina Kaif on being a 'glamourous heroine' |last=Singh |first=Prashant |date=25 April 2018 |work=Hindustan Times |access-date=25 April 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180425160725/https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/should-work-in-spaces-we-are-comfortable-in-says-katrina-kaif-on-being-a-glamourous-heroine/story-kz4bjYMRspdncBepP8RrXJ.html |archive-date=25 April 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/confirmed-akshay-kumar-will-romance-katrina-kaif-in-rohit-shetty-s-sooryavanshi-1507084-2019-04-22|title=Confirmed: Akshay Kumar will romance Katrina Kaif in Rohit Shetty's Sooryavanshi|website=India Today|access-date=22 April 2019|date=22 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190422040124/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/confirmed-akshay-kumar-will-romance-katrina-kaif-in-rohit-shetty-s-sooryavanshi-1507084-2019-04-22|archive-date=22 April 2019|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Here's All You Need To Know About Katrina Kaif, Siddhant Chaturvedi And Ishaan Khatter-Starrer Phone Bhoot|url=https://www.mid-day.com/articles/heres-all-you-need-to-know-about-katrina-kaif-siddhant-chaturvedi-and-ishaan-khatter-starrer-phone-bhoot/22896248|date=20 July 2020|access-date=29 July 2020|work=[[Mid-Day]]}}</ref>

== Personal life ==

Kaif's personal life has been the subject of extensive media attention several times. She is reluctant to discuss her romantic life: "I have always believed that there is life before marriage and after marriage. Before marriage ... you are termed a single woman and I choose to conduct that part of my life with absolute dignity and discretion".<ref>{{cite news|last=Jamkhandikar |first=Shilpa |title='I don't want my kids to know how many boyfriends I had' |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-i-dont-want-my-kids-to-know-how-many-boyfriends-i-had-1138453 |access-date=25 June 2014 |work=Daily News and Analysis |date=11 December 2007 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714203922/http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-i-dont-want-my-kids-to-know-how-many-boyfriends-i-had-1138453 |archive-date=14 July 2014 }}</ref> Although rumours of a relationship with Indian film actor [[Salman Khan]] first emerged in 2003,<ref name="beautiful" /> it was not until after their 2010 breakup that Kaif spoke of it, calling it her first serious relationship.<ref>{{cite news|title=Salman was my first serious relationship: Katrina Kaif |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/tabloid/salman-was-my-first-serious-relationship-katrina-kaif/story-AVsYMARO64Duw189Lbm98N.html |access-date=6 December 2016 |work=Hindustan Times |date=7 December 2011 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220094600/http://www.hindustantimes.com/tabloid/salman-was-my-first-serious-relationship-katrina-kaif/story-AVsYMARO64Duw189Lbm98N.html |archive-date=20 December 2016 }}</ref> They have remained friends, and the actress credits Khan with giving her confidence and guidance:<ref>{{cite news|last=Singh |first=Prashant |title=I am Katrina's bodyguard: Salman Khan |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/news-feed/archives/i-am-katrina-s-bodyguard-salman-khan/article1-734610.aspx |access-date=10 July 2014 |work=Hindustan Times |date=19 August 2011 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714122509/http://www.hindustantimes.com/news-feed/archives/i-am-katrina-s-bodyguard-salman-khan/article1-734610.aspx |archive-date=14 July 2014 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Salman believed in me: Katrina |url=http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/Salman+believed+in+me:+Katrina/1/94790.html |access-date=25 June 2014 |work=India Today |date=27 April 2010 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714215118/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/Salman%20believed%20in%20me%3A%20Katrina/1/94790.html |archive-date=14 July 2014 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Choudhary |first=Anuradha |title="Salman's been a huge influence" – Katrina Kaif |url=http://www.filmfare.com/interviews/salmans-been-a-huge-influence-katrina-kaif-2787.html |access-date=25 June 2014 |work=[[Filmfare]] |date=5 April 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140811013355/http://www.filmfare.com/interviews/salmans-been-a-huge-influence-katrina-kaif-2787.html |archive-date=11 August 2014 }}</ref>

The reported reason for their breakup was Kaif's increasing closeness to Indian film actor [[Ranbir Kapoor]] during the filming of ''Ajab Prem Ki Ghazab Kahani''.<ref>{{cite news|title=Katrina Kaif nudges Deepika Padukone out of Ranbir Kapoor's tour |url=http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/katrina-kaif-nudges-deepika-padukone-out-of-ranbir-kapoors-tour/1/122436.html |access-date=25 June 2014 |work=India Today |date=8 December 2010 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141021034700/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/katrina-kaif-nudges-deepika-padukone-out-of-ranbir-kapoors-tour/1/122436.html |archive-date=21 October 2014 }}</ref> Although this was denied by Kaif and Kapoor, the nature of their relationship was scrutinised by the media because they were thought to be involved with others at the time.<ref>{{cite news|last=Mirani |first=Indu |title=I want to be loved: Katrina |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news-interviews/i-want-to-be-loved-katrina/articleshow/5997720.cms |access-date=25 June 2014 |work=The Times of India |date=2 June 2010 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160215052806/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news-interviews/i-want-to-be-loved-katrina/articleshow/5997720.cms |archive-date=15 February 2016 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Pradhan |first=Bharathi S. |title=Single Sallu's a friendly ex |url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1101114/jsp/7days/story_13174492.jsp |access-date=25 June 2014 |work=The Telegraph |date=14 November 2010 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714174001/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1101114/jsp/7days/story_13174492.jsp |archive-date=14 July 2014 }}</ref> In August 2013, photographs of Kapoor and Kaif on holiday in [[Ibiza]] were leaked by ''[[Stardust (magazine)|Stardust]]''; the media interpreted this as confirmation of an affair.<ref>{{cite news|last=Shrivastava |first=Anshu |title=Bollywood's Hottest Couple: Finally, Is 'Kat' Out of Ranbir Kapoor's Bag? |url=http://www.ibtimes.com.au/bollywoods-hottest-couple-finally-kat-out-ranbir-kapoors-bag-1313842 |access-date=25 June 2014 |work=International Business Times |date=1 August 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150527143053/http://www.ibtimes.com.au/bollywoods-hottest-couple-finally-kat-out-ranbir-kapoors-bag-1313842 |archive-date=27 May 2015 }}</ref> After the appearance of the photos, Kaif published an open letter to the media saying that she was "upset, distressed and invaded" by the breach of privacy.<ref>{{cite news|title=An open letter to the media from Katrina Kaif |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news-interviews/An-open-letter-to-the-media-from-Katrina-Kaif/articleshow/21528241.cms |access-date=25 June 2014 |work=The Times of India |date=2 August 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140423124426/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news-interviews/An-open-letter-to-the-media-from-Katrina-Kaif/articleshow/21528241.cms |archive-date=23 April 2014 }}</ref> She later acknowledged Kapoor as "an extremely important part of [her] life".<ref>{{cite news|last=KBR |first=Upala |title=Ranbir Kapoor is an important part of my life: Katrina Kaif |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/interview-ranbir-kapoor-is-an-important-part-of-my-life-katrina-kaif-1936375 |access-date=25 June 2014 |work=Daily News and Analysis |date=17 December 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141013013227/http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/interview-ranbir-kapoor-is-an-important-part-of-my-life-katrina-kaif-1936375 |archive-date=13 October 2014 }}</ref> In February 2016, the media reported that they had broken up.<ref>{{cite news|title=Did the break-up with Ranbir Kapoor cost Katrina Kaif an endorsement deal? |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-did-the-break-up-with-ranbir-kapoor-cost-katrina-kaif-an-endorsement-deal-2183398 |access-date=11 October 2016 |work=Daily News and Analysis |date=28 February 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161027165511/http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-did-the-break-up-with-ranbir-kapoor-cost-katrina-kaif-an-endorsement-deal-2183398 |archive-date=27 October 2016 }}</ref>

Kaif has a close relationship with her family, and the lack of a father figure in her life has given her a sense of responsibility towards them.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Jahagirdar-Saxena |first=Shraddha |url=http://www.verveonline.com/121/people/katrina.shtml |title=View From The Top |journal=[[Verve (Indian magazine)|Verve]] |volume=21 |issue=6 |access-date=25 June 2014 |date=6 June 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714183415/http://www.verveonline.com/121/people/katrina.shtml |archive-date=14 July 2014 }}</ref> While Kaif's mother is Christian and her father is Muslim, Kaif was brought up to practise all faiths and says she is a "firm believer in God".<ref>{{cite news|last=Gupta |first=Priya |title=Katrina Kaif: We have a mandir at our home |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Katrina-Kaif-We-have-a-mandir-at-our-home/articleshow/46726227.cms |access-date=29 March 2015 |work=The Times of India |date=29 March 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150329202651/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Katrina-Kaif-We-have-a-mandir-at-our-home/articleshow/46726227.cms |archive-date=29 March 2015 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Bamzai |first=Kaveree |title=Golden girl Katrina Kaif |url=http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/golden-girl-katrina-kaif/1/236145.html |access-date=25 June 2014 |work=India Today |date=5 December 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714121906/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/golden-girl-katrina-kaif/1/236145.html |archive-date=14 July 2014 }}</ref> ''The Times of India'' reported in 2009 that she visits [[Siddhivinayak Temple, Mumbai|Siddhivinayak Temple]], [[Mount Mary Church, Bandra|Mount Mary Church]], and the [[Sufism|Sufi]] shrine [[Ajmer Sharif Dargah]] before her films are released.<ref>{{cite news|title=Unplugged: Katrina Kaif |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/life-style/people/Unplugged-Katrina-Kaif/articleshow/4791923.cms |access-date=25 June 2014 |work=The Times of India |date=31 October 2009 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160215052759/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/life-style/people/Unplugged-Katrina-Kaif/articleshow/4791923.cms |archive-date=15 February 2016 }}</ref>

== Media image ==
[[File:Katrina Kaif at an event for Nakshatra.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|left|alt=A woman dressed in traditional Indian clothing is looking away from the camera. She has a red bindi between her eyebrows, a silver necklace and is wearing an embroidered red sari.|Kaif at an event for [[Nakshatra Jewellery]], 2010]]
According to an ''[[India Today]]'' article, despite her dissimilarity to a conventional Bollywood heroine, Kaif "turned every adversity into opportunity and climbed the slippery pole of stardom".<ref name="cream" /> Although she is one of the most commercially successful actresses in contemporary Bollywood, she has received mixed reviews for her acting prowess.<ref>{{cite web|last=Vats |first=Rohit |title=Is Katrina Bollywood's lucky mascot? |url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/is-katrina-bollywoods-lucky-mascot/183795-8-66.html |date=13 September 2011 |publisher=CNN-IBN |access-date=21 October 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131205145526/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/is-katrina-bollywoods-lucky-mascot/183795-8-66.html |archive-date= 5 December 2013 }}</ref> Writing for ''[[Firstpost]]'', Anuya Jakatdar wrote that Kaif needed to "take on role[s] that actually challenge her" instead of "coasting on her co-star's box office appeal" and criticised her inclination towards glamorous roles.<ref>{{cite web|last=Jakatdar |first=Anuya |title=A career tip for birthday Barbie Katrina Kaif: Learn to act |url=http://www.firstpost.com/bollywood/a-career-tip-for-birthday-barbie-katrina-kaif-learn-to-act-959053.html |publisher=[[Firstpost]] |access-date=26 June 2014 |date=16 July 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924013452/http://www.firstpost.com/bollywood/a-career-tip-for-birthday-barbie-katrina-kaif-learn-to-act-959053.html |archive-date=24 September 2015 }}</ref> Kaif's dancing ability is better appreciated, with Meena Iyer of ''The Times of India'' calling her "one of Bollywood's best dancers".<ref>{{cite news|last=Iyer |first=Meena |title=Why Katrina Kaif looks forward to dancing in films now |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news-interviews/Why-Katrina-Kaif-looks-forward-to-dancing-in-films-now/articleshow/16264607.cms |access-date=26 June 2014 |work=The Times of India |date=6 September 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160215052729/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news-interviews/Why-Katrina-Kaif-looks-forward-to-dancing-in-films-now/articleshow/16264607.cms |archive-date=15 February 2016 }}</ref> Kaif's Bollywood success has sparked an influx of foreign talent hoping to establish themselves in the industry.<ref name="cream" />

Kaif is cited in the media as one of India's most beautiful celebrities, and has ranked highly in polls choosing the most attractive Indian celebrities. Kaif was named the "World's Sexiest Woman" by ''[[FHM (India)|FHM India]]'' five times from 2008 to 2013,<ref>{{cite news|title=Katrina Kaif voted 'FHM's' sexiest woman |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/lifestyle/report-katrina-kaif-voted-fhms-sexiest-woman-1552317 |access-date=10 July 2014 |work=Daily News and Analysis |date=7 June 2011 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714181217/http://www.dnaindia.com/lifestyle/report-katrina-kaif-voted-fhms-sexiest-woman-1552317 |archive-date=14 July 2014 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=KBR |first=Upala |title=Deepika Padukone displaces Katrina Kaif in FHM 100 Sexiest Women in the World 2014 |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-deepika-padukone-displaces-katrina-kaif-in-fhm-100-sexiest-women-in-the-world-2014-1999264 |access-date=10 July 2014 |work=Daily News and Analysis |date=3 July 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140707022951/http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-deepika-padukone-displaces-katrina-kaif-in-fhm-100-sexiest-women-in-the-world-2014-1999264 |archive-date= 7 July 2014 }}</ref> and appeared on ''[[Verve (Indian magazine)|Verve]]''{{'}}s list of most powerful women in 2009 and 2010.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Pandey |first=Piyush |url=http://www.verveonline.com/86/people/powerwomen03.shtml |title=Verve's 50 Power Women 2010 |journal=[[Verve (Indian magazine)|Verve]] |volume=18 |issue=6 |access-date=27 October 2013 |date=June 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121219054922/http://www.verveonline.com/86/people/powerwomen03.shtml |archive-date=19 December 2012 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |url=http://www.verveonline.com/74/people/powerlist.shtml |title=Verve's 50 Power Women 2009 |journal=Verve |volume=17 |issue=6 |access-date=27 October 2013 |date=June 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130404092809/http://verveonline.com/74/people/powerlist.shtml |archive-date=4 April 2013 }}</ref> The UK magazine ''[[Eastern Eye]]'' called her the "Sexiest Asian Woman" from 2008 to 2010, and again in 2013.<ref>{{cite web|title=Katrina is world's sexiest Asian... again |url=http://www.emirates247.com/entertainment/2.526/katrina-is-world-s-sexiest-asian-again-2010-12-12-1.328304 |publisher=Emirates 24/7 |date=12 December 2010 |access-date=27 October 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029195005/http://www.emirates247.com/entertainment/2.526/katrina-is-world-s-sexiest-asian-again-2010-12-12-1.328304 |archive-date=29 October 2013 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Mukhopadhyay |first=Sounak |title=Katrina Kaif Declared as Sexiest Asian Woman in the World, Fourth Time for the British-Indian Actress |url=http://www.ibtimes.com.au/katrina-kaif-declared-sexiest-asian-woman-world-fourth-time-british-indian-actress-1325878 |work=International Business Times |access-date=2 August 2015 |date=5 December 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924032435/http://www.ibtimes.com.au/katrina-kaif-declared-sexiest-asian-woman-world-fourth-time-british-indian-actress-1325878 |archive-date=24 September 2015 }}</ref> Kaif was named ''The Times of India''{{'}}s "Most Desirable Woman" in 2010, and was later ranked second from 2011 to 2013.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-04-29/news-interviews/38903243_1_entrant-desirable-women-desirable-men|title=Times top 50 Most Desirable Women of 2012|access-date=27 October 2013|date=29 April 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131019103638/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-04-29/news-interviews/38903243_1_entrant-desirable-women-desirable-men|archive-date=19 October 2013|work=[[The Times of India]]|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Deepika Padukone: 2013's Most desirable woman |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news-interviews/Deepika-Padukone-2013s-Most-desirable-woman/articleshow/35726757.cms? |access-date=5 June 2014 |work=The Times of India |date=30 May 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140531081711/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news-interviews/Deepika-Padukone-2013s-Most-desirable-woman/articleshow/35726757.cms |archive-date=31 May 2014 }}</ref> The Indian edition of ''[[People (magazine)|People]]'' described her as "India's Most Beautiful Woman" in 2011 and three years later she topped ''[[Maxim (India)|Maxim India]]''{{'}}s "Hot 100" poll.<ref>{{cite web|title=Katrina Kaif voted India's Most Beautiful Woman by People Magazine |url=http://ibnlive.in.com/photogallery/4037.html |date=27 May 2011 |publisher=CNN-IBN |access-date=20 November 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140202201827/http://ibnlive.in.com/photogallery/4037.html |archive-date= 2 February 2014 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Katrina Kaif edges past her contemporaries! |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-katrina-kaif-edges-past-her-contemporaries-2062648 |access-date=8 March 2015 |work=Daily News and Analysis |date=20 February 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150223034247/http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-katrina-kaif-edges-past-her-contemporaries-2062648 |archive-date=23 February 2015 }}</ref>

Kaif is a [[Brand ambassador|celebrity spokesperson]] for a number of brands including [[Slice (soft drink)|Slice]], [[Nakshatra Jewellery|Nakshatra]], [[Lux (soap)|Lux]], [[Panasonic]], [[Lakmé Cosmetics|Lakmé]] and [[L'Oréal]].<ref name="success" /><ref>{{cite news |last=Sharma |first=Neha |title=OVER THE YEARS: Decoding Kat's nine lives! |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/Entertainment/Bollywood/OVER-THE-YEARS-Decoding-Kat-s-nine-lives/Article1-933113.aspx |access-date=22 September 2013 |work=Hindustan Times |date=20 September 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130929235300/http://www.hindustantimes.com/Entertainment/Bollywood/OVER-THE-YEARS-Decoding-Kat-s-nine-lives/Article1-933113.aspx |archive-date=29 September 2013 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Katrina Kaif is the new face of L'Oréal Paris |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-katrina-kaif-is-the-new-face-of-l-or-al-paris-1954611 |access-date=21 January 2014 |work=Daily News and Analysis |date=21 January 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140220154151/http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-katrina-kaif-is-the-new-face-of-l-or-al-paris-1954611 |archive-date=20 February 2014 }}</ref> ''The Economic Times'' ranked Kaif India's second most prominent endorser in 2012.<ref>{{cite news|title=A snapshot of the top 10 small screen endorsers |url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/slideshows/advertising-marketing/a-snapshot-of-the-top-10-small-screen-endorsers/2-katrina-kaif/slideshow/12078572.cms |access-date=4 March 2014 |work=The Economic Times |date=29 February 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140911062317/http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/slideshows/advertising-marketing/a-snapshot-of-the-top-10-small-screen-endorsers/2-katrina-kaif/slideshow/12078572.cms |archive-date=11 September 2014 }}</ref> ''Hindustan Times'' reported in 2014 that she received {{INRConvert|50|m}} to {{INRConvert|60|m}} for each endorsement, making her one of India's highest-paid celebrity endorsers.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://photogallery.indiatimes.com/celebs/celeb-themes/bwoods-highest-paid-actresses/articleshow/11005681.cms |title=B'wood's highest paid actresses |access-date=23 October 2013 |work=The Times of India |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131024035458/http://photogallery.indiatimes.com/celebs/celeb-themes/bwoods-highest-paid-actresses/articleshow/11005681.cms |archive-date=24 October 2013 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Shalvi|first=Mangaokar|title=Deepika Padukone pockets Rs. 6 crore for endorsement deal?|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/deepika-gets-rs-6-crore-for-endorsing-a-cola/article1-1190666.aspx|access-date=4 March 2014|work=Hindustan Times|date=4 March 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140304190528/http://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/deepika-gets-rs-6-crore-for-endorsing-a-cola/article1-1190666.aspx|archive-date=4 March 2014 }}</ref> In 2013, Kaif was ranked ninth on ''[[Forbes (India)|Forbes]]''{{'}} list of India's best-known entertainers with an estimated annual income of {{INRConvert|638|m}}.<ref>{{cite news |title=2013 Celebrity 100 List – Forbes India |url=http://forbesindia.com/lists/2013-celebrity-100/1439/all |work=[[Forbes (India)|Forbes]] |access-date=8 February 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140219072752/http://forbesindia.com/lists/2013-celebrity-100/1439/all |archive-date=19 February 2014 }}</ref> In 2010 and 2011, [[Mattel]] released two sets of [[Barbie]] dolls inspired by Kaif.<ref>{{cite web|title=Check Out: Katrina Kaif unveils special Barbie doll created in her likeness |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/celebrities/features/type/view/id/1608/ |publisher=Bollywood Hungama |access-date=28 March 2015 |date=23 November 2010 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402104845/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/celebrities/features/type/view/id/1608/ |archive-date= 2 April 2015 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Katrina Kaif unveils 'I Can Be a Movie Star' Barbie doll |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/celebrities/features/type/view/id/2156/ |publisher=Bollywood Hungama |access-date=28 March 2015 |date=5 May 2011 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402091202/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/celebrities/features/type/view/id/2156/ |archive-date= 2 April 2015 }}</ref> In 2015, Kaif became the eighth Bollywood actor to have a wax figure installed at [[Madame Tussauds]] in London.<ref>{{cite news|title=Madame Tussauds to celebrate 15 years of Bollywood by unveiling Katrina Kaif wax statue |url=http://www.mid-day.com/articles/madame-tussauds-to-celebrate-15-years-of-bollywood-by-unveiling-katrina-kaif-wax-statue/16094151 |access-date=18 November 2016 |work=[[Mid-Day]] |date=26 March 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161118165423/http://www.mid-day.com/articles/madame-tussauds-to-celebrate-15-years-of-bollywood-by-unveiling-katrina-kaif-wax-statue/16094151 |archive-date=18 November 2016 }}</ref> She is the first Bollywood star to be featured in Peruvian photographer [[Mario Testino]]’s Towel Series.

Kaif is involved with Relief Projects India, a [[charitable trust]] run by her mother which rescues abandoned baby girls and works to prevent female [[infanticide]].<ref>{{cite news|last=Sinha|first=Seema|date=23 January 2011|title=Touching lives|work=The Times of India|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/life-style/people/Touching-lives/articleshow/7127277.cms|url-status=live|access-date=8 June 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160215052740/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/life-style/people/Touching-lives/articleshow/7127277.cms|archive-date=15 February 2016}}</ref> Kaif's winnings from the game shows ''[[10 Ka Dum]]'' and ''[[Kaun Banega Crorepati]]'' were donated to her mother's Mercy Home orphanage.<ref>{{cite news|last=Jha|first=Subhash K.|date=26 October 2009|title=Katrina to appear on TV shows to fund mom's charity|work=[[Mid-Day]]|url=http://www.mid-day.com/articles/katrina-to-appear-on-tv-shows-to-fund-moms-charity/61427|url-status=live|access-date=12 June 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714135115/http://www.mid-day.com/articles/katrina-to-appear-on-tv-shows-to-fund-moms-charity/61427|archive-date=14 July 2014}}</ref> In 2009 and 2010, Kaif also walked the ramp for charity as part of Salman Khan's "Being Human" show.<ref>{{cite web|date=14 October 2009|title=Bollywood actors walk ramp for charity in Mumbai|url=http://www.sify.com/movies/bollywood-actors-walk-ramp-for-charity-in-mumbai-news-bollywood-jkooudbaaecsi.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140729120118/http://www.sify.com/movies/bollywood-actors-walk-ramp-for-charity-in-mumbai-news-bollywood-jkooudbaaecsi.html|archive-date=29 July 2014|access-date=27 July 2014|publisher=Sify}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=10 October 2010|title=Bollywood actresses walk on ramp to collect funds for Salman Khan's charity|work=Daily News and Analysis|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/lifestyle/report-bollywood-actresses-walk-on-ramp-to-collect-funds-for-salman-khans-charity-1450573|url-status=live|access-date=28 July 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140808165639/http://www.dnaindia.com/lifestyle/report-bollywood-actresses-walk-on-ramp-to-collect-funds-for-salman-khans-charity-1450573|archive-date=8 August 2014}}</ref> To raise funds for a new school in [[Madurai]] she recorded ''[[Rhyme Skool with Katrina Kaif|Rhyme Skool]]'' (2010), an album of nursery rhymes composed by [[A. R. Rahman]].<ref>{{cite web|last=Astbury|first=Will|date=27 April 2010|title=Katrina Kaif records charity album|url=http://www.digitalspy.com/bollywood/news/a216739/katrina-kaif-records-charity-album.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141226111615/http://www.digitalspy.com/bollywood/news/a216739/katrina-kaif-records-charity-album.html|archive-date=26 December 2014|access-date=8 June 2014|publisher=[[Digital Spy]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=2 August 2012|title=Katrina Kaif to sing for AR Rahman?|work=Hindustan Times|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/katrina-kaif-to-sing-for-ar-rahman/article1-907000.aspx|url-status=dead|access-date=8 June 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714172448/http://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/katrina-kaif-to-sing-for-ar-rahman/article1-907000.aspx|archive-date=14 July 2014}}</ref> In 2011, Kaif visited [[sepoy]]s in [[Jammu]] as part of [[NDTV]]'s reality program ''Jai Jawan''.<ref>{{cite web|date=12 August 2011|title=PIX: Katrina Kaif visits jawans in Jammu|url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/slide-show/slide-show-1-katrina-kaif-stunts-with-army/20110812.htm|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714143301/http://www.rediff.com/movies/slide-show/slide-show-1-katrina-kaif-stunts-with-army/20110812.htm|archive-date=14 July 2014|access-date=8 June 2014|work=Rediff.com}}</ref> The following year she visited the Cancer Patients Aid Association to gift cancer survivors and increase public awareness of breast and cervical cancer.<ref>{{cite news|date=11 December 2012|title=Katrina lends a hand to cancer cause|work=India Today|url=http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/katrina-lends-a-pink-hand-to-cancer-cause/1/237197.html|url-status=live|access-date=10 July 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714172702/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/katrina-lends-a-pink-hand-to-cancer-cause/1/237197.html|archive-date=14 July 2014}}</ref>

== Filmography ==
{{Main|Katrina Kaif filmography}}

== Awards and nominations ==
{{Main|List of awards and nominations received by Katrina Kaif}}

== Notes ==
{{notelist}}

== References ==
{{reflist|colwidth=30em}}

== Further reading ==
{{refbegin}}
* {{cite news|last=Choudhary|first=Anuradha|title="I'm a Barbie doll" – Katrina Kaif|url=http://www.filmfare.com/interviews/im-a-barbie-doll-katrina-kaif-2853.html|access-date=4 March 2014|work=[[Filmfare]]|date=12 April 2013|archive-date=4 August 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130804140716/http://www.filmfare.com/interviews/im-a-barbie-doll-katrina-kaif-2853.html|url-status=dead}}
{{refend}}

== External links ==
{{Commons category}}
* {{IMDb name|id=1229940}}
* {{Instagram|katrinakaif}}

{{StardustAwardBestActress}}
{{ZeeCineAwardBestSupportingActorFemale}}
{{Dhoom series}}
{{Authority control}}

{{good article}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kaif, Katrina}}
[[Category:1983 births]]
[[Category:21st-century British actresses]]
[[Category:Actresses in Hindi cinema]]
[[Category:British people of Indian descent]]
[[Category:British female models]]
[[Category:British actresses of Indian descent]]
[[Category:21st-century Hong Kong actresses]]
[[Category:British film actresses]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:English people of Kashmiri descent]]
[[Category:Age controversies]]
[[Category:Hong Kong people of Indian descent]]
[[Category:Hong Kong people of English descent]]
[[Category:Actresses in Malayalam cinema]]
[[Category:Actresses in Telugu cinema]]
[[Category:European actresses in India]]

Dehradun

2021-07-09T11:51:02Z

Wandererkanishk: Created page with "{{short description|City in Uttarakhand, India}} {{Under construction|date=July 2021}} {{Use Indian English|date=October 2019}} {{Use dmy dates|date=March 2021}} {{Infobox set..."

{{short description|City in Uttarakhand, India}}
{{Under construction|date=July 2021}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2019}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2021}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Dehradun
| other_name = Dera Doon
| settlement_type = City
| image_skyline = {{Photomontage
| photo1a = F.R.I.jpg{{!}}[[Forest Research Institute (India)|Forest Research Institute]]
| photo1b = Chörten, Dehradun.jpg{{!}} Buddha Temple, Clement Town
| photo2a = Skyline of Govind Nagar, Dehradun 05.jpg{{!}}Dehradun Skyline at night
| photo2b = Dehradun India 2006-11.JPG{{!}}Clock Tower, Dehradun
| photo2c = Robber's cave.jpg{{!}}Robber's Cave Dehradun
| photo3a = Main building lit up.jpg{{!}}[[The Doon School]]
| photo3b = 2006-Passing Out Parade.jpg{{!}}[[Indian Military Academy]]
| size = 275 |border=0 |spacing=0 |color=none
}}
| image_caption = '''Clockwise from top:''' [[Forest Research Institute (India)|Forest Research Institute]], Buddha Temple at [[Clement Town]], [[Robber's Cave, India|Robber's Cave]], [[Indian Military Academy]], [[The Doon School]], Dehradun Skyline at night and Dehradun Ghantaghar.
| nickname = Doon
| coordinates = {{coord|30.345|N|78.029|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = India
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name1 = {{flagicon image|..Uttarakhand Flag(INDIA).png}} [[Uttarakhand]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Dehradun District|Dehradun]]
| established_title1 = Founded
| established_date1 = 1676
| established_title2 = Municipality
| established_date2 = 1867
| government_type = [[Mayor–council government|Mayor–Council]]
| governing_body = [[Dehradun Municipal Corporation]]
| leader_title1 = [[Mayor]]
| leader_name1 = [[Sunil Uniyal|Sunil Uniyal 'Gama']] ([[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]])
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes = <ref name='Dehradoon City'/><ref name="area"/>
| area_total_km2 = 196.48
| area_metro_km2 = 300
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 640
| population_total = 803983 <nowiki>(2018)</nowiki>
| population_as_of =
| population_rank = [[List of cities in India by population|79th]]
| population_footnotes = <ref name='Dehradoon City'/><ref name=Cities1Lakhandabove>{{cite web | url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/paper2/data_files/India2/Table_2_PR_Cities_1Lakh_and_Above.pdf | title=Provisional Population Totals, Census of India 2011; Cities having population 1 lakh and above | publisher=Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India | access-date=26 March 2012}}</ref><ref name=UA1Lakhandabove>{{cite web | url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/paper2/data_files/India2/Table_3_PR_UA_Citiees_1Lakh_and_Above.pdf | title=Provisional Population Totals, Census of India 2011; Urban Agglomerations/Cities having population 1 lakh and above | publisher=Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India | access-date=26 March 2012}}</ref>
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_metro = 1279083 <nowiki>(2001)</nowiki>
| population_metro_footnotes = <ref>{{cite web|url=https://uttarakhandtourism.gov.in/destination/dehradun/|title=Dehradun| access-date=19 November 2020}}</ref>
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi]]<ref>{{cite web|title=52nd Report of the Commissioner for Linguistic Minorities in India|url=http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM52ndReport.pdf|website=nclm.nic.in|publisher=[[Ministry of Minority Affairs]]|access-date=16 January 2019|page=47|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170525141614/http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM52ndReport.pdf|archive-date=25 May 2017}}</ref>
| demographics1_title2 = Additional official
| demographics1_info2 = [[Sanskrit]]<ref>{{cite news |title=Sanskrit is second official language in Uttarakhand |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india/sanskrit-is-second-official-language-in-uttarakhand/story-wxk51l8Re4vNxofrr7FAJK.html |access-date=28 January 2020 |work=Hindustan Times |date=19 January 2010 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Sanskrit second official language of Uttarakhand |url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-otherstates/Sanskrit-second-official-language-of-Uttarakhand/article15965492.ece |access-date=28 January 2020 |work=The Hindu |date=21 January 2010 |language=en-IN}}</ref>
| demographics1_title3 = Regional
| demographics1_info3 = [[Garhwali language|Garhwali]], [[Jaunsari language|Jaunsari]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 248001
| area_code = +91-135
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| registration_plate = UK-07
| Demonym(s) =
| website = {{URL|https://dehradun.nic.in/}}
| footnotes =
| leader_title2 = [[Municipal Commissioner (India)|Municipal Commissioner]]
| leader_name2 = Vinay Shankar Pandey,<ref>https://nagarnigamdehradun.com/whos.php</ref> [[Indian Administrative Service|IAS]]
| official_name =
| pushpin_map = India Uttarakhand#India
| pushpin_relief = yes
}}
'''Dehradun''' ({{IPAc-en|ˌ|d|ɛ|r|ə|ˈ|d|uː|n}}), also spelled '''Dera Doon''',<ref name="Times of India">{{cite news|last=Vohra |first=Akshita |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/dehradun/why-no-restoration-for-ukhands-most-iconic-structures/articleshow/60854874.cms |title=Dera Doon Restorations |work=The Times of India|access-date=5 October 2019|date=27 September 2017}}</ref><ref name="Daily Pioneer">{{cite news|last=Chopra |first=Jaskiran |url=https://www.dailypioneer.com/2015/state-editions/doon-valley-traces-its-roots-to-ram-rais-dera.html |title=Ram Rais Dera |work=Pioneer |access-date=5 October 2019|date=12 March 2015}}</ref> is the capital and the largest city of the Indian state of [[Uttarakhand]]. It is also the most [[List of cities in Uttarakhand by population|populated city]] in the state. It is the administrative headquarters of the eponymous [[Dehradun district|district]] and is governed by the [[Dehradun Municipal Corporation]], with the [[Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly]] holding its winter sessions in the city. Part of the [[Garhwal division|Garhwal region]], and housing the headquarters of its Divisional Commissioner, it lies along [[National Highway 7 (India)|National Highway 7]] with the distance of {{cvt|248|km}} north of India's capital [[New Delhi]] and is well-connected with a rail line ([[Dehradun railway station]]) and the airport ([[Jolly Grant Airport]]). Dehradun is one of the "[[National Capital Region (India)#Counter magnets|Counter Magnets]]" of the [[National Capital Region (India)|National Capital Region]] (NCR) being developed as an alternative centre of growth to help ease the migration and population explosion in the [[Delhi]] metropolitan area and to establish a [[smart city]] in the Himalayas.<ref>{{cite news |title=Delhi to get 'counter magnet cities' - Indian Express |url=http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/delhi-to-get-counter-magnet-cities/673214/ |access-date=21 March 2021 |work=Indian Express |date=27 August 2010}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=SmartCity, Dehradun|url=http://smartcitydehradun.uk.gov.in/|access-date=21 March 2021|website=smartcitydehradun.uk.gov.in}}</ref>

Dehradun is located in the [[Doon Valley]] on the foothills of the [[Himalayas]] nestled between [[Song River (India)|Song river]], a tributary of Ganga on the east and the Asan river, a tributary of [[Yamuna]] on the west. The city is noted for its picturesque landscape and slightly milder climate and provides a gateway to the surrounding region. It is well connected and in proximity to Himalayan tourist destinations such as [[Mussoorie]], [[Dhanaulti]], [[Chakrata]], [[New Tehri]], [[Uttarkashi]], [[Harsil]], [[Chopta]]-[[Tungnath]], [[Auli, India|Auli]], and famous summer and winter hiking destinations like [[Dodital|the Valley of Flowers at Dodital]], [[Bugyals|Dayara Bugyal]], [[Kedarkantha]], [[Har Ki Dun|Har Ki Dun and Hemkunt Sahib]] for camping and Himalayan panoramic views. The [[Hindu]] holy cities of [[Haridwar]] and [[Rishikesh]], along with the Himalayan pilgrimage circuit of [[Chota Char Dham]], i.e. [[Yamunotri]], [[Gangotri]], [[Kedarnath]] and [[Badrinath]], are also primarily accessed via Dehradun, with it being the closest major city. Dehradun is also known for its [[Basmati]] rice and bakery products.

Dehradun is a notable academic and research hub and is home to the [[Indian Military Academy]], [[Forest Research Institute (India)|Forest Research Institute]], [[Indira Gandhi National Forest Academy]], [[The Doon School]], [[Welham Boys School]], [[Welham Girls School]], [[Rashtriya Indian Military College]], [[Uttarakhand Ayurveda University]], [[Wadia Institute of Himalayan Geology]] and the [[Indian Institute of Remote Sensing]]. It is the headquarters of the [[Survey of India|Surveyor-General of India]]. According to the combined survey based on health, infrastructure, economy, education, and crime, conducted by [[Dainik Jagran]] and [[KPMG]], Dehradun is one of India's safest cities.{{Citation needed|reason=This claim needs a reliable source.|date=June 2021}}

The city stands at an elevation of {{convert|640|m|ft|abbr=}} above sea level. Also known as the ‘Abode of Drona’, Dehradun has been an important center for [[Garhwal Kingdom|Garhwal rulers]] and was captured by the British. For its strategic value, in addition to the location of its principal service academy, the [[Indian Armed Forces]] maintain a considerable presence in Dehradun, at the [[Dehradun Cantonment|Garhi Cantonment]] and Naval Station. The Ordnance Factory Dehradun manufactures arms and ammunition for the military and is a supply hub for Indian forces deployed along the Tibetan frontier. Additionally, India's [[Research and Analysis Wing]] maintains an electronic listening post at the [[Jolly Grant Airport]] to intercept transmissions from Pakistan and China. The [[Uttarakhand Police]] is the primary law enforcement agency in the city.

==Etymology==
Dehradun is made up of two words "Dehra" + "Dun." Dehra is derived from the word "[[dera]]", meaning camp, and ''Dun'' or ''Doon'' in Garhwali language refers to a valley that lies between the middle Himalayas and the "[[Shivaliks]]". Other prominent Doon valleys are Kotli Doon, Patli Doon and Pinjore Doon.

The town was established when [[Baba Ram Rai]], the son of the seventh [[Sikh]] Guru, [[Guru Har Rai]] settled his "Dera" or camp in the area in 1675. Ram Rai was sent by his father as an emissary to the Mughal emperor [[Aurangzeb]] in Delhi. Aurangzeb objected to a verse in the Sikh scripture (''Asa ki Var'') that stated, "the clay from a Musalman's grave is kneaded into potter's lump", considering it an insult to Islam. Baba Ram Rai explained that the text was miscopied and modified it, substituting "Musalman" with "Beiman" (faithless, evil) which Aurangzeb approved.<ref name=eosramrai>[https://archive.org/details/TheEncyclopediaOfSikhism-VolumeIiiM-r/page/n477 Ram Rai], Encyclopedia of Sikhism, Editor in Chief: Harbans Singh, Punjab University</ref><ref name="McLeod2014p260"/> The willingness to change a word led Guru Har Rai to bar his son from his presence, and name his younger son as his successor. Aurangzeb responded by granting Baba Ram Rai a [[jagir]] (land grant) in Garhwal region ([[Uttarakhand]]). The town later came to be known as Dehradun, after ''Dehra'' referring to Baba Ram Rai's shrine.<ref name="McLeod2014p260">{{cite book|author1=Louis E. Fenech|author2=W. H. McLeod|title=Historical Dictionary of Sikhism |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xajcAwAAQBAJ |year=2014|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield |isbn=978-1-4422-3601-1|pages=260–261}}</ref> Many followers of Ram Rai, called [[Ramraiyas]], settled with Ram Rai,<ref name=eosramrai/><ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/490354/Ram-Raiyas Rām Rāiyā], Encyclopædia Britannica</ref> During the days of [[British Raj]], the official name of the town was '''Dehra'''.<ref>{{cite EB1911|wstitle=Dehra|volume=07|short=x}}</ref> In due time the word Dehra was linked to Dun, and thus the city was named Dehradun.

In [[Skanda Purana]], Dun is mentioned as a part of the region called Kedarkhand, the abode of [[Shiva]]. According to Hindu mythology, in ancient India during the [[Mahabharata]] epic era, [[Dronacharya]] the great teacher of [[Kauravas]] and [[Pandavas]], lived here hence the name, "Dronanagari" (lit. ''city of [[Drona]]'').<ref>[[History of Dehradun]]</ref><ref>Natural Resource Management By B. W. Pandey (ed. By) Page 226 {{ISBN|81-7099-986-3}} Mittal Publications, India Language English (31 March 2005)</ref> The city is also regarded as Devbhoomi ("Land of the Gods"). Some historians believe that the word Dehra can be regarded as a term for camping.<ref>The History of Sikh Gurus {{ISBN|81-8382-075-1}} page 112 Chapter 8</ref>

== History ==
{{Main | History of Dehradun}}
[[File:Doon Valley, Dehradun, 1850s.jpg|thumb|left|Doon Valley, Dehradun, 1850s]]
The history of the city of [[Uttarakhand]], Dehradun (nicknamed "Doon Valley") is linked to the story of [[Ramayana]] and [[Mahabharata]]. It is believed that after the battle between [[Ravana]] and Lord [[Rama]], Lord Rama and his brother [[Lakshmana]] visited this site. Also, known as 'Dronanagari' on the name of [[Dronacharya]], legendary Royal guru to the [[Kauravas]] and [[Pandavas]] in the epic Mahabharata, is believed to have been born and resided in Dehradun.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://gov.ua.nic.in/schooleducation/DIET/diet_dehradun/district_profile.htm |title=A Brief History of Dehradun |publisher=District Institute of Education and Training, Dehradun |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070519221815/http://gov.ua.nic.in/schooleducation/DIET/diet_dehradun/district_profile.htm |archive-date=19 May 2007 }}</ref> Evidences such as ancient temples and idols have been found in the areas surrounding Dehradun which have been linked to the mythology of Ramayana and Mahabharata. These relics and ruins are believed to be around 2000 years old. Furthermore, the location, the local traditions and the literature reflect this region's links with the events of Mahabharata and Ramayana. Even after the battle of Mahabharata, the Pandavas had an influence on this region as the rulers of [[Hastinapura]] with the descendants of [[Subahu]] ruled the region as subsidiaries. Likewise, [[Rishikesh]] is mentioned in the pages of history when Lord [[Vishnu]] answered the prayers of the saints, slaughtered the demons and handed the land to the saints. The adjoining place called [[Chakrata]] has its historical impression during the time of Mahabharata.

In the seventh century, this area was known as Sudhanagara and was described by the Chinese traveller [[Huen Tsang]]. Sudhanagara later came to be recognized as [[Kalsi]]. [[Edicts of Ashoka]] have been found in the region along the banks of the river [[Yamuna]] in Kalsi indicating the wealth and importance of the region in ancient India. In the neighbouring region of Haripur, ruins were discovered from the time of King Rasala which also reflect the region's prosperity. Before the name of Dehradun was used, the place is shown on old maps as Gurudwara (a map by Webb, 1808) or Gurudwara (a map by Gerard, 1818). Gerard's map names the place as "Dehra or Gurudwara". Surrounding this original Sikh temple were many small villages that are now the names of parts of the modern city.
[[File:Guru Ram Rai Temple, Dehradun, 1858.jpg|thumb|[[Guru Ram Rai Darbar Sahib]] in 1858. The construction of the present building was completed in 1707.]]
Dehradun itself derives its name from the historical fact that [[Baba Ram Rai]], the eldest son of the Seventh Sikh Guru Har Rai, set up his "Dera" (camp) in "dun" (valley) in 1676. This 'Dera Dun' later on became Dehradun.

The Mughal Emperor [[Aurangzeb]] was highly impressed by the miraculous powers of charismatic Ram Rai. He asked the contemporary Maharaja of Garhwal, [[Fateh Shah]] to extend all possible help to Ram Rai. Initially, a Gurudwara (temple) was built in Dhamawala. The construction of the present building, [[Guru Ram Rai Darbar Sahib]], was completed in 1707. There are portraits of gods, goddesses, saints, sages and religious stories on the walls. There are pictures of flowers and leaves, animals and birds, trees, similar faces with pointed noses and big eyes on the arches which are the symbol of the colour scheme of [[Pahari art|Kangra-Guler art]] and [[Mughal art]]. High minarets and round pinnacles are the models of Muslim architecture. The huge pond in the front measuring {{convert|230 x 80|feet}} had dried up for want of water over the years. People had been dumping rubbish; it has been renovated and revived.

[[File:Flag of the Princely State of Tehri Garhwal.svg|thumb|left|Princely flag of [[Garhwal Kingdom|Kingdom of Garhwal]]. Dehradun was part of the princely state of Garhwal before becoming part of British India after the [[Anglo-Nepalese War]] in 1816.]]
Dehradun was invaded by [[Mahmud of Ghazni]] during his campaigns into India followed by [[Timur]] in 1368, Rohilla chief [[Najib ad-Dawlah]] in 1757 and [[Ghulam Kadir|Ghulam Qadir]] in 1785. In 1806, the Nepalese King [[Prithvi Narayan Shah]] united many of the Indian territories that now fell under places such as [[Almora]], [[Pathankot]], [[Kumaon Kingdom|Kumaon]], [[Garhwal Kingdom|Garhwal]], [[Sirmur State|Sirmur]], [[Shimla]], [[Kangra district|Kangra]] and Dehradun.

On the western front Garhwal and parts of [[Himachal Pradesh]] up to [[Punjab, India|Punjab]] and on the eastern front the state of [[Sikkim]] up to [[Darjeeling]] became parts of Nepal for a brief period until the British [[East India Company]] went on the war from 1814 to 1816. The war ended with the signing of the [[Sugauli Treaty|Treaty of Sugowli]] where almost a third was ceded to British East India company. The British got Dehradun in 1816 and colonised [[Landour]] and [[Mussoorie]] in 1827–1828.

[[File:Capt john.jpg|thumb|Capt John War memorial maintained by the army at Dehradun]]
[[Jawaharlal Nehru]], India's first prime minister, was quite fond of the city and often visited. He spent his last few days here before passing away in Delhi in 1964.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mid-day.com/news/2012/may/270512-How-Nehru-spent-his-last-four-days.htm|title=How Nehru spent his last four days|publisher=Mid-day.com|access-date=8 December 2014}}</ref> Another leader from the independence movement, [[Rash Behari Bose]], who was one of the key organisers of the [[Ghadar conspiracy]] and, later, the [[Indian National Army]] was based in Dehradun in his early days before he was forced to move to Japan in 1915 to continue the freedom struggle.

Post-independence Dehradun and other parts of [[Garhwal Kingdom|Garhwal]] and [[Kumaon Kingdom|Kumaon]] were merged with [[United Provinces (1937-1950)|United Provinces]] which was later renamed the state of [[Uttar Pradesh]]. In 2000, Uttarakhand state (earlier called Uttaranchal) was created from the northwestern districts of Uttar Pradesh under the Uttar Pradesh Reorganisation Act 2000. Dehradun was made its interim capital.

===Afghan connection===
Dehradun's Afghan connection dated back to the [[First Anglo-Afghan War]], after which the Afghan Emir [[Dost Mohammad Khan (Emir of Afghanistan)]] was exiled by the British to Dehra Dun.<ref name="timesofindia.indiatimes.com">{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/dehradun/Tracing-Doons-Afghan-connect/articleshow/47835111.cms|title=Tracing Doon's Afghan connect |work=The Times of India}}</ref> He stayed in Mussoorie for over 6 years. The Balahissar ward under the Mussoorie municipality has been named after the palace of Dost Mohammad. The famous Dehradooni [[Basmati]] was brought along by him from [[Kunar Province]] in Afghanistan and it continues to be counted as a delicacy of the valley.<ref name="timesofindia.indiatimes.com"/><ref>{{cite book |last1=Singh |first1=Arvindar |title=Myths and Realities of Security & Public Affairs |date=January 2011 |publisher=Prabhat Prakashan |isbn=978-81-8430-112-0 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AJUkBQAAQBAJ&q=afghanistan+dehradun&pg=PA195 |access-date=31 August 2020 |language=en}}</ref>

Forty years later, after the [[Second Anglo-Afghan War]], his grandson, [[Mohammad Yaqub Khan]], was sent to exile to India in 1879. Just like his grandfather, he chose Doon valley as his abode. Yakoob became the first Afghan to formally settle in Dehradun. The present Mangla Devi Inter College was once the Kabul Palace where Yakoob spent a few years of his life. The extended family and servants of the King were also relocated to Dehradun.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Zikria |first1=B. A. |title=Malalai Joan of Arc of Afghanistan and the Victors of Maiwand: The Second Anglo-Afghan War 1878-1882 |date=17 February 2017 |publisher=Xlibris Corporation |isbn=978-1-5245-7783-4 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9ZsuDgAAQBAJ&q=afghanistan+dehradun&pg=PT184 |language=en}}</ref>

The Afghan royal family maintained a presence in Dehra Dun. It was the birthplace of the second to last [[King of Afghanistan]], [[Mohammed Nadir Shah]]. Two quaint palaces – the Kabul Palace in Dehradun<ref>{{cite news |title='Feels Like Home' – Afghanistan Fortify Dehradun Ties {{!}} Wisden Cricket |url=https://wisden.com/stories/features/afghanistan-home-dehradun |access-date=31 August 2020 |work=Wisden |date=19 March 2019}}</ref> and Bala Hissar Palace in Mussoorie – stand testimony to this connection with Afghanistan. They were built by these Afghan rulers in exile in India in the early part of the 20th Century and are palaces are a miniature replica of the palatial structures owned by the kings in Afghanistan. The Bala Hissar Palace has now been turned into Mussoorie's [[Wynberg Allen School]]. Doon-based heritage enthusiast Ghanshyam told the Times of India, "The police station at Karanpur used to be the royal guard room of Yakoob way back in 1879. The electrical office located at the Survey Chowk was the royal servant quarters."<ref name="timesofindia.indiatimes.com"/>

Today the descendants of the former royalty, Yakub Khan and his grandson Sardar Azim Khan's family have integrated with the mainstream of Dehra Dun life.<ref name="tribuneindia.com">{{cite news |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/2009/20090821/dplus.htm|title=The Tribune, Chandigarh, India - Dehradun Plus|work=The Tribune|access-date=31 August 2020}}</ref> The Doon connection was revived when Zahir Shah, the last king of Afghanistan while undergoing treatment in New Delhi during the last years of his life expressed a desire to meet his Doon cousins but the meeting could not take place as the family members were away.<ref name="tribuneindia.com"/>[[Ashraf Ghani]], the current [[President of Afghanistan]] has mentioned that his grandmother grew up in Dehra Dun. "I speak of [[Rabindranath Tagore|Tagore]] because I was raised on Tagore by my grandmother who lived in Dehradun...," Dr Ghani said while talking about India's vision and the remarkable transformation.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-others/tagores-kabuliwala-has-given-us-a-brand-afghan-president-ashraf-ghani/|title=Tagore's 'Kabuliwala' has given us a brand: Afghan President Ashraf Ghani|date=28 April 2015|work=Indian Express|access-date=15 January 2021}}</ref> Dehra Dun is also being selected to be the second "home" ground of the [[Afghan cricket team]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=PTI |title=afghanistan: Dehradun likely to be Afghanistan's second home ground {{!}} Cricket News - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/cricket/news/dehradun-likely-to-be-afghanistans-second-home-ground/articleshow/62554424.cms |access-date=15 January 2021 |work=The Times of India |date=18 January 2018 |language=en}}</ref> and Afghan cricket fans recall this "centuries old link" with the town.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Gupta |first1=Shalini |title=Afghanistan cricket fans recall centuries-old Dehradun link in Bangladesh series |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cricket/afghanistan-cricket-fans-recall-centuries-old-dehradun-link-in-bangladesh-series/story-TQcHufmEC0xHJkvH4rrNBL.html |access-date=31 August 2020 |work=Hindustan Times |date=7 June 2018 |language=en}}</ref>

== Geography ==
{{Multiple image
| align = right
| direction = vertical
| header =
| header_align = left/right/center
| header_background =
| footer =
| footer_align = left/right/center
| footer_background =
| background color =
| width = 220
| image1 = Snow covered peaks.jpg|thumb
| width1 =
| alt1 =
| caption1 = Snow-covered peaks of the Bandarpoonch range from Mussoorie, District Dehradun
| image2 = Dehradun Valley from Landour, Uttarakhand India November 2010.jpg|thumb
| width2 =
| alt2 =
| caption2 = A view of Doon valley from [[Landour]] cantonment
}}
The city of Dehradun mainly lies in [[Doon Valley]] and is at a varying height from {{cvt|410|m}} in [[Clement Town]] to above {{cvt|700|m}} at Malsi which is {{cvt|15|km}} from the city. However, the average elevation is {{cvt|600|m}} above sea level.<ref name="elevation">{{cite web |title=Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India |url=https://msd.unimelb.edu.au/sdg-cities/cities/dehradun-uttarakhand-india |publisher=The University of Melbourne |access-date=4 July 2021}}</ref> Malsi is the starting point of Lesser Himalayan Range that extends to Mussoorie and beyond. [[Jaunsar-Bawar]] hills in Dehradun district rises to {{cvt|3700|m}} above sea level. The hilly region of [[Mussoorie]] goes up to a height of {{cvt|1870–2017|m}} above sea level. Its geomorphological and meteorological characteristics make it prone to a number of natural hazards. Beside earthquakes, the region is frequently devastated by landslides, cloudbursts, flash-floods, cold waves and hailstorms.

The [[Doon valley]] contains the settlements including Raiwala, [[Rishikesh]], [[Doiwala]], Harrawala, Dehradun, [[Herbertpur]], [[Vikasnagar]], Sahaspur, Selaqui, Subhash Nagar and Clement Town. The district houses [[Rajaji National Park]] which is home to elephants, Benog Wildlife Sanctuary at Mussoorie & Asan Conservation Reserve ([[Asan Barrage]]). The Doon Valley has the [[Terai]] and [[Bhabar]] forests within it as well as the [[Shivalik hills]] and [[Lesser Himalaya|Lesser Himalayan Range]] containing hill stations such as Mussoorie and [[Chakrata]]. The district is bordered by the [[Himalayas]] in the north, Rajaji Range of the [[Sivalik Hills]] to the south, the river [[Ganges]] to the east, and the [[Yamuna]] river to the west. Towns in the foothills of the mountain ranges include Sahastradhara, [[Lakhamandal]], Gautam Kund, Chandrabani, [[Kalsi]] and [[Dakpathar]].

This district is divided into two major parts: the main city Dehradun surrounded by Shivalik and the Jaunsar-Bawar, which is in the foothills of Himalayas. In the north and northwest it borders on the district of [[Uttarkashi district|Uttarkashi]] and [[Tehri Garhwal district|Tehri Garhwal]], in the east and southeast by [[Pauri Garhwal district|Pauri Garhwal]] and [[Ganges]] river, in the west, it is bordered by [[Shimla district|Shimla]] and [[Sirmaur district|Sirmaur]] districts of [[Himachal Pradesh]], [[Yamunanagar district|Yamunanagar]] district of [[Haryana]] and the [[Tons river|Tons]] and [[Yamuna]] rivers. To the south are [[Haridwar district|Haridwar]] and [[Uttar Pradesh]]'s [[Saharanpur district]]. It is between latitudes 30°01' N and 31°2'N and longitudes 77°34' E and 78°18'E.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://210.212.78.56/dehradun/English/altitude.html |title=Altitude |access-date=26 March 2011 |publisher=Dehradun |language=en |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080602215923/http://210.212.78.56/dehradun/English/altitude.html |archive-date=2 June 2008 }}</ref> This district consists of six tehsils – Dehradun, Chakrata, Vikasnagar, Kalsi, Tiuni and Rishikesh – six community development blocks – Vis, Chakrata, Kalsi, Vikasnagar, Sahaspur, Rajpur and Doiwala – 17 towns and 764 villages. Out of these 746 villages are inhabited; 18 are uninhabited.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://dehradun.nic.in/glance.htm#TOWNS,%20VILLAGES%20AND%20AMENITIES |title= Important District Indicators |access-date=26 March 2011 |publisher=Dehradun |language=en |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721171449/http://dehradun.nic.in/glance.htm |archive-date=21 July 2011}}</ref>

===Heritage canal network===
{{main|Dehradun canals}}
There was once an extensive canal network in the city, which irrigated many surrounding villages and produced a cooler microclimate in the region. The earliest canal, Rajpur canal, was laid in the 17th century. After Dehradun became the state capital in 2000, most of the heritage canals were covered or demolished to widen the city roads.<ref>{{Cite news|date=3 March 2020|first=Kautilya |last=Singh |title=How 'City of Canals' lost its tag|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/dehradun/how-city-of-canals-lost-its-tag/articleshow/74446926.cms|access-date=13 November 2020|work=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref> Environmental groups have campaigned for the revival of the network, citing its benefit for the city's [[ecology]], aesthetics, microclimate and [[built environment]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/the-missing-canals-of-dun/articleshow/71150406.cms|title=The missing canals of Dun - Times of India|work=The Times of India}}</ref>

=== Climate ===
[[File:A cloudy view of dehradun.jpg|thumb|A cloudy view of Rajpur Town, Dehradun]]
The climate of Dehradun is [[humid subtropical]]. It varies greatly from tropical to severe cold depending upon the altitude of the area. The city is in Doon Valley and temperature variations due to difference in elevation are considerable.<ref name="Difference">{{cite web |title=Climate |url=https://dehradun.nic.in/climate/ |publisher=Government of Uttarakhand |access-date=24 October 2020}}</ref> In the hilly regions, the summer is pleasant. But in the Doon, the heat is often intense and summer temperatures can reach up to {{cvt|44|°C}} for a few days and hot winds (called [[Loo (wind)|Loo]]) blows over North India. Winter temperature drops below freezing point and is usually between {{cvt|1 and 20|°C}} and fog is quite common as in the plains. Although the temperature in Dehradun can reach below freezing during severe cold snaps,<ref>{{cite web |date=8 January 2013 |url=http://news.outlookindia.com/items.aspx?artid=786301 |title=Cold Wave Claims 29 Lives in North India |website=Outlook india.com |access-date=8 December 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131213155227/http://news.outlookindia.com/items.aspx?artid=786301 |archive-date=13 December 2013}}</ref> this is not common. The area receives an average annual rainfall of {{cvt|2073.3|mm}}. Most of the annual rainfall in the city is received during the months from June to September, July and August being rainiest. During the [[monsoon]] season, there is often heavy and protracted rainfall. Dehradun and other plains areas of Uttarakhand see almost as much rainfall as coastal Maharashtra and more than [[Assam]]. Agriculture benefits from fertile alluvial soil, adequate drainage and plentiful rain.
{{Dehradun weatherbox}}

== Demographics ==
{{bar box
| title = Religions in Dehradun City, 2011 Census data<ref name="Religion">{{cite web|author=Government of India|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-01/DDW05C-01%20MDDS.XLS|title=2011 Census|website=Census of India|access-date=26 August 2015}}</ref>
| titlebar = #Fcd116
| left1 = Religion
| right1 = Percent
| float = right
| bars =
{{bar percent|[[Hindus]]|orange|82.53}}
{{bar percent|[[Muslims]]|green|11.75}}
{{bar percent|[[Sikhs]]|blue|3.50}}
{{bar percent|[[Christians]]|red|1.06}}
{{bar percent|Others†|black|1.17}}
| caption = Distribution of religions<ref>{{cite web|title=Census India, 2001, Religious composition by district|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/Census_Data_2001/Census_Data_Online/Social_and_cultural/Religion.aspx|access-date=12 May 2015}}</ref> 
† {{small|[[Buddhist]]s, [[Jain]]s.}}
}}
The [[2011 census of India|2011 census]] reported a population of 578,420 in Dehradun city;<ref name=Cities1Lakhandabove /> male and female are 303,411 and 275,009 respectively. The sex ratio of the city is 906 per 1000 males.<ref name=Cities1Lakhandabove /> Natives of Uttarakhand form the majority of Dehradun's population. The sex ratio of the city is 907 per 1000 males and child sex ratio of is 873 girls per 1000 boys, lower than the national average.<ref name=Cities1Lakhandabove /> The number of children of age under six in Dehradun city is 59,180 as per figure from Census India report on 2011. There are 31,600 boys and 27,580 are girls.<ref name=Cities1Lakhandabove /> With regards to slums, total numbers of slums in Dehradun city & its Out Growth numbers 32,861 in which population of 158,542 resides. This is around 27.58% of total population of Dehradun city & its outgrowth which is 574,840.

[[Hindi]], the official state language, is the primary language in Dehradun. English is also used, particularly by defence wing and the white-collar workforce. Regional languages [[Garhwali language|Garhwali]], [[Kumaoni language|Kumaoni]] and [[Jaunsari language|Jaunsari]] are spoken by a sizeable natives. Other major languages include [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]], [[Nepali language|Nepali]], [[Bhojpuri language|Bhojpuri]], [[Bengali language|Bengali]] and [[Tibeto-Burman languages|Tibeto-Burman]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011Census/Language_MTs.html|title=Census of India Website : Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India|website=censusindia.gov.in|access-date=28 August 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=C-16 Population By Mother Tongue - Town level |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-16/DDW-C16-STMT-MDDS-0500.XLSX |website=census.gov.in |access-date=11 August 2020}}</ref> Hindus form the majority of Dehradun's population; Muslims compose a large minority. According to provisional results of the 2011 national census, [[Hinduism]] is majority religion in Dehradun city with 82.53% followers. Islam is the second most practiced religion in the city with approximately 11.75% following it. [[Sikhism in India|Sikhism]] by 3.5%, [[Christianity in India|Christianity]] is followed by 1.06%, [[Jainism in India|Jainism]] by 0.63%, and [[Buddhism in India|Buddhism]] by 0.29%. Around 0.01% stated 'Other Religion', approximately 0.24% stated 'No Particular Religion'.<ref name="Religion"/>

Dehradun's literacy rate at 89.32% is the highest in the region. Male literacy is 92.65% and female literacy is 85.66%. The number of literates in Dehradun city is 463,791, of which 251,832 are males and 211,959 are females.<ref name=Cities1Lakhandabove />

==Government and politics==
As capital of the state of Uttarakhand, Dehradun houses important state government facilities such as the offices of the local governing agencies, the [[Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly|Vidhan Sabha]] (the home of the Uttarakhand state legislature), and [[Raj Bhavan, Dehradun|Raj Bhavan]] (the residence of the governor of Uttarakhand). Most government establishments and institutions are housed in the city.

Dehradun city falls in Garhwal division of Uttarakhand which is headed by the [[Divisional Commissioner (India)|divisional commissioner]] of Dehradun, who is an [[Indian Administrative Service]] (IAS) officer of high seniority. The [[District collector (India)|district magistrate and collector]] of Dehradun<ref>{{Cite web|title=Chief Electoral Officer, Government Of Uttarakhand, India|url=https://ceo.uk.gov.in/pages/view/104/135-list-of-district-magistrates-collectors---deputy-commissioners|access-date=31 August 2020|website=ceo.uk.gov.in}}</ref> report to the [[Divisional Commissioner (India)|divisional commissioner]] as well. The DM is assisted by a chief development officer; five additional district magistrates for finance/revenue, city, rural administration, land acquisition and civil supply. The city is represented in two Lok Sabha constituencies, of [[Tehri Garhwal (Lok Sabha constituency)|Tehri Garhwal]] by MP [[Mala Rajya Laxmi Shah]] from the [[BJP]], and Garhwal represented by BJP's [[Tirath Singh Rawat]], elected in 2019.<ref>{{Cite web|date=23 May 2019|title=Uttarakhand Lok Sabha election results: Full list of winners|url=https://www.financialexpress.com/elections/uttarakhand-lok-sabha-election-result-2019-full-list-of-winners-mps/1581268/|access-date=30 October 2020|website=The Financial Express|language=en-US}}</ref> The city is also represented by four MLAs elected from four state assembly constituencies, as per the 2008 delimitation:<ref>{{Cite web|title=2008 Delimitation|url=http://upload.indiacode.nic.in/showfile?actid=AC_CEN_3_20_00030_200233_1517807324510&type=order&filename=Delimitation%20Order,2008.pdf}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Delimitation of Parliamentary & Assembly Constituencies Order - 2008|url=https://eci.gov.in/files/file/3931-delimitation-of-parliamentary-assembly-constituencies-order-2008/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160414013302/http://ceo.uk.gov.in/files/oversease%20election/Gazette_Delimitation_eng.pdf|archive-date=14 April 2016}}</ref>

===Civic administration===
{{see also|Dehradun Municipal Corporation}}
[[File:Nagar Nigam Dehradun.jpg|thumb|The Municipality office of Dehradun City]]
Nagar Nigam Dehradun, also called [[Dehradun Municipal Corporation]], is the local government of the city. The corporation originated in 1998. Prior to December 2003, this body was known as Dehradun Municipal Council, and after revamping the municipality, the Dehradun Municipal Corporation came into existence under the Uttarakhand (The Uttar Pradesh Municipal Corporation Act, 1959) (Amendment) Act, 2017.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Uttarakhand (The Uttar Pradesh Municipal Corporation Act, 1959) (Amendment) Act, 2017|url=http://www.bareactslive.com/UTR/utr059.htm#0|access-date=30 October 2020|website=www.bareactslive.com}}</ref>

As of 2018, the municipality covers an area of {{cvt|196.48|sqkm}} and administers a population of 803,983.<ref name='Dehradoon City'>{{cite web|title=About Nagar Nigam Dehradun|url=https://nagarnigamdehradun.com/about-us.php}}</ref><ref name="area">{{Cite web|title=Census of India - Uttarakhand - Town Amenities (Row 27, Column 24)|url=https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/0505_PART_A_DCHB_DEHRADUN.pdf|page=391|access-date=20 October 2020|website=Census of India}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Census India|url=https://censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/paper2/data_files/India2/Table_2_PR_Cities_1Lakh_and_Above.pdf}}</ref> In 2017, with the inclusion of 72 adjoining villages in the DMC limits, the number of wards increased from 60 to 100.<ref>{{Cite web|date=5 December 2017|title=Doon the biggest gainer as Uttarakhand fixes population criteria for corporator seats|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/dehradun/doon-the-biggest-gainer-as-uttarakhand-fixes-population-criteria-for-corporator-seats/story-lXpxq3tgP6aDYyw8GnVZHL.html|access-date=30 October 2020|website=Hindustan Times|language=en}}</ref> As of 2020, the corporation consists of 100 wards and the elected head is the [[mayor]] who presides over a deputy mayor and 99 other [[councillor|corporators]] representing the wards.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Nagrika - What is a City Government?|url=http://www.nagrika.org/nagrikalarticles/citygovernment|access-date=29 June 2020|website=Nagrika|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Nagar Nigam|url=https://nagarnigamdehradun.com/ward-detail-parasiman.php|access-date=30 October 2020|website=nagarnigamdehradun.com}}</ref> The [[mayor]] is directly elected for a period of five years and is currently Sunil Uniyal Gama, elected in November 2018.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Annual Survey of India's City-Systems (ASICS) 2017 Dehradun|url=http://www.janaagraha.org/asics/city/ASICS_City_Score_card_DEH.pdf|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201030113750/http://www.janaagraha.org/asics/city/ASICS_City_Score_card_DEH.pdf|archive-date=30 October 2020|access-date=30 October 2020|website=Janaagraha}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=22 November 2018|title=Uttarakhand local body polls: Once a 'paanwala', BJP's Sunil Uniyal is now Dehradun Mayor|url=https://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/uttarakhand-local-body-polls-once-a-paanwala-bjps-sunil-uniyal-is-now-dehradun-mayor/1390108/|access-date=30 October 2020|website=The Financial Express|language=en-US}}</ref>

The [[municipal commissioner]] is the executive head of the local government institutions (the [[Municipal Corporation (India)|municipal corporation]]) in the division, in charge of infrastructure development in his division, and is also responsible for maintaining law and order in the division. As of 2020, the municipal commissioner is Vinay Shankar Pandey while the deputy municipal commissioner is Soniya Pant.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Nagar Nigam|url=https://nagarnigamdehradun.com/whos.php|access-date=30 October 2020|website=nagarnigamdehradun.com}}</ref> The corporation has the following departments: public works, property tax, health, street lights, project implementation unit, Information Technology and sanitation.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Nagar Nigam|url=https://nagarnigamdehradun.com/index.php|access-date=30 October 2020|website=nagarnigamdehradun.com}}</ref> As per the ASICS report 2017, Dehradun municipality generates very few of its own revenues and relies primarily on grants from the state government.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Annual Survey of India's City-Systems - Evaluation of Dehradun's Urban Governance Systems|url=http://www.janaagraha.org/files/publications/dehradun-city-report.pdf}}</ref> The municipality collects revenue from property taxes and parking fees.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Pioneer|first=The|title=MCD to reopen for public from Monday|url=https://www.dailypioneer.com/2020/state-editions/mcd-to-reopen-for-public-from-monday.html|access-date=30 October 2020|website=The Pioneer|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Pioneer|first=The|title=Authorities to be liable for mishaps on GDMC route for allowing parking on both sides|url=https://www.dailypioneer.com/2020/state-editions/---authorities-to-be-liable-for-mishaps-on-gdmc-route-for-allowing-parking-on-both-sides---.html|access-date=30 October 2020|website=The Pioneer|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Pioneer|first=The|title=MCD has no record of the taxpayers in Doon|url=https://www.dailypioneer.com/2019/state-editions/mcd-has-no-record-of-the-taxpayers-in-doon.html|access-date=30 October 2020|website=The Pioneer|language=en}}</ref>

Other urban entities involved in civic services and city governance and management include [[Para-statals|parastatals]] like the [[Mussoorie Dehradun Development Authority]] (MDDA), Special Area Development Authority (SADA), Jal Sansthan, and Jal Nigam among others. These oversee the city's civic infrastructure which comes under [[List of cities in Uttarakhand by population#Urban Agglomeration|Dehradun Urban Agglomeration]] and covers a population of 714,223 according to the 2011 census.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Census India 2011 - UA Cities 1 Lakh and above|url=https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/paper2/data_files/India2/Table_3_PR_UA_Citiees_1Lakh_and_Above.pdf}}</ref>

=== Police administration ===
The headquarters of [[Uttarakhand Police]] are located in Dehradun.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Organisational Setup: Organisational Setup|url=https://uttarakhandpolice.uk.gov.in/pages/display/118-organisational-setup|access-date=30 October 2020|website=uttarakhandpolice.uk.gov.in}}</ref> While the state is headed by the [[Director general of police]], the district is headed by Deputy inspector general of police (DIG) Garhwal.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Who's Who: who's who|url=https://uttarakhandpolice.uk.gov.in/pages/display/173-whos-who|access-date=30 October 2020|website=uttarakhandpolice.uk.gov.in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Police Department {{!}} District Dehradun {{!}} India|url=https://dehradun.nic.in/police-department/|access-date=30 October 2020|language=en-US}}</ref> The city's nodal police officer is the [[Superintendent of police (India)|superintendent of police]] (SP City)<ref>{{Cite news|date=23 October 2020|first=Gaurav|last=Talwar|title=Dehrandun police arrest sharpshooter of notorious 'Jeeva gang' {{!}} Dehradun News - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/dehradun/doon-police-arrest-sharpshooter-of-notorious-jeeva-gang/articleshow/78814430.cms|access-date=30 October 2020|work=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref> who reports to the [[Superintendent of police (India)|senior superintendent of police]] (SSP) who also holds the post of [[Deputy inspector general of police|DIG]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Post|first=Garhwal|title=Arun Joshi to stay as SSP, Dehradun, even after promotion {{!}} Garhwal Post|url=http://garhwalpost.in/arun-joshi-to-stay-as-ssp-dehradun-even-after-promotion/|access-date=30 October 2020|language=en-US}}</ref>

Dehradun falls under the Lucknow zone of the Chief Bureau of Investigation (CBI), which is part of the central government.<ref name=":5">{{Cite web|title=Central Bureau of Investigation|url=http://www.cbi.gov.in/network.php#ddn|access-date=13 November 2020|website=www.cbi.gov.in}}</ref> Assistant Commissioner of Police (ACB) Dehradun, has jurisdiction over 13 districts in Uttarakhand.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Central Bureau of Investigation|url=http://cbi.gov.in/rt_infoact/cpio_appnt.php|access-date=13 November 2020|website=cbi.gov.in}}</ref><ref name=":5" />

== Civic utilities ==

=== Water supply ===
Dehradun city receives potable water from two primary sources- surface water and groundwater to meet its supply needs.<ref name="potable">{{cite web|title=Understanding Water Flows in Dehradun|url=https://www.devalt.org/images/L2_ProjectPdfs/Understanding_Waterflows_In_Dehradun_HBF.pdf?Oid=211|access-date=7 June 2020|publisher=Development Alternatives}}</ref> The sources of water were mainly from Kaulu khet Spring, Maussifall, Bindal River, [[Bijapur canal]] and more than 100 tubewells.<ref name=":1">{{Cite news|date=10 February 2015|first1=Shivani |last1=Azad |title=City's 165MLD waste has no treatment facilities {{!}} Dehradun News - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/dehradun/Citys-165MLD-waste-has-no-treatment-facilities/articleshow/46187782.cms|access-date=21 August 2020|work=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref> It suffers from lack of sufficient ground water recharge and depleting ground water tables.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|date=21 August 2020|title=Understanding Water Flows in Dehradun|url=https://www.devalt.org/images/L2_ProjectPdfs/Understanding_Waterflows_In_Dehradun_HBF.pdf?Oid=211#:~:text=Currently%2C%20there%20are%204%20Sewage,installed%20capacity%20of%2029%20MLD.}}</ref> The water supply of Dehradun is operated and maintained by Uttarakhand Jal Sansthan (UJS),<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|date=22 May 2017|title=Hoteliers seek govt help as sewage deadline ends|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/dehradun/hoteliers-seek-govt-help-as-sewage-deadline-ends/story-aY5TDZ8FeZiquawXqX1XOP.html|access-date=21 August 2020|website=Hindustan Times|language=en}}</ref> a state agency.

=== Solid waste management, sewerage ===
The sewage<ref name=":3" /> of Dehradun is also operated and maintained by Uttarakhand Jal Sansthan (UJS) but is also selectively under the aegis of the Smart City project funded by the central government.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Welcome to Dehradun Smart City Limited, Dehradun|url=http://smartcitydehradun.uk.gov.in/sewerage-line-project|access-date=21 August 2020|website=smartcitydehradun.uk.gov.in}}</ref> As per a report from 2015, only 25% of the city is covered by the existing sewage system.<ref name=":1" /> According to the Smart Cities Annexe 2, the sewerage covers 30% of the city, and has an efficiency of 10%.<ref>{{cite web |title=Dehradun Smart City Proposal Annexure II |url=http://smartcities.gov.in/upload/uploadfiles/files/Annexures_Dehradun.pdf |website=smartcities.gov.in |access-date=22 January 2021}}</ref>

The city of Dehradun generates {{convert|350|MT|kg ST}} of waste per day.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web|title=NIUA - SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT PRACTICES IN URBAN INDIA|url=https://sbm.niua.org/sites/all/themes/bootstrap_sub_theme/word%20files/Report_for_Web.pdf|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201021125101/https://sbm.niua.org/sites/all/themes/bootstrap_sub_theme/word%20files/Report_for_Web.pdf|archive-date=21 October 2020|access-date=21 October 2020|website=National Institute of Urban Affairs}}</ref> The landfill or dumping site has since shifted from the dumping ground on Sahastradhara<ref>{{Cite news|date=25 February 2020|first1=Mohammad |last1=Anab |title=DMC to clean up Sahastradhara dumping ground {{!}} Dehradun News - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/dehradun/dmc-to-clean-up-sahastradhara-dumping-ground/articleshow/74290080.cms|access-date=21 August 2020|work=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=26 December 2017|title=Dehradun dump site may take long time to be shut scientifically: Expert|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/dehradun/dehradun-dump-site-may-take-long-time-to-be-shut-scientifically-expert/story-MGj3na76ld1KHOiKEQLa7O.html|access-date=21 August 2020|website=Hindustan Times|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Pioneer|first=The|title=Residents upset with old trenching ground|url=https://www.dailypioneer.com/2019/state-editions/residents-upset-with-old-trenching-ground.html|access-date=21 August 2020|website=The Pioneer|language=en}}</ref> road in 2017<ref name=":2">{{Cite journal|title=Sanitation Park Nathuwawala, Dehradun: A Study of Solid Waste Management in Uttarakhand|url=http://cwejournal.org/vol15no1/sanitation-park-nathuwawala--dehradun--a-study-of-solid-waste-management-in-uttarakhand/|journal=Current World Environment|volume=15|issue=1}}</ref> to one centralised solid waste processing plant in Dehradun, Shishambara<ref>{{Cite news|date=28 July 2015|first1=Shivani |last1=Azad|title=State govt okays Sheeshambara as waste disposal site|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/dehradun/State-govt-okays-Sheeshambara-as-waste-disposal-site/articleshow/48257289.cms|access-date=21 August 2020|work=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref> on the outskirts of the city which has the capacity of 600 MP per day.<ref name=":4" /> Only 69 of the 100 wards in the city are covered by this plant<ref name=":2" /> and only 3% of the wards in Dehradun have 100% segregation of waste at source.<ref>{{Cite web|date=10 March 2018|title=Uttarakhand generates 1,406 tonne solid waste daily, but processing is zero|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/dehradun/uttarakhand-generates-1-406-tonne-solid-waste-daily-but-processing-is-zero/story-47oR4P7WxHqjpVwYJvWIMJ.html|access-date=21 August 2020|website=Hindustan Times|language=en}}</ref> Segregation of waste at source is lacking in the city, although the municipality spends around one crore per month on collection and transportation of solid waste.<ref name=":4" /> A decentralised pilot project was started in Nathuwala ward with the help of local residents and an NGO called Feedback Foundation and has since been declared a zero waste zone.<ref name=":2" />

Electricity in Dehradun is regulated through the Uttarakhand Power Corporation Limited (UPCL), while Fire services are handled by the Uttarakhand Fire and Emergency Services. State-owned [[Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited]], or BSNL, as well as private enterprises, among them [[Vodafone India|Vodafone]], [[Bharti Airtel]], [[Reliance Communications|Reliance]], [[Idea Cellular]], and [[Tata Teleservices]] are the leading telephone and cell phone service providers in the city.

===Public health===
The healthcare facilities in Dehradun consist of private and public hospitals, formal and informal service providers as well as secondary and tertiary healthcare with single clinic doctors. In spite of having special status under the [[National Health Mission]], the city is facing a healthcare crisis due to the shortage of medical manpower in the state and financial constraints. Hospitals and medical centres in the Dehradun are plagued by non-functioning equipment in the operating theatre and the insufficient number of labour rooms.<ref name="crisis">{{cite news |last1=Shekhawat |first1=Rahul Singh |title=Uttarakhand healthcare crisis: Citizens face shortage of doctors, crumbling infrastructure as BJP's PPP model fails to deliver |url=https://www.firstpost.com/india/uttarakhand-healthcare-crisis-citizens-face-shortage-of-doctors-crumbling-infrastructure-as-bjps-ppp-model-fails-to-deliver-6416151.html |access-date=6 June 2020 |work=Firstpost |agency=Network 18 |date=3 May 2019}}</ref> Hospitals in the city include the Doon Hospital, Uttaranchal Ayurvedic Hospital, Combined Medical Institute (CMI) Hospital, Luthra Hospital, and Government Hospital Premnagar (managed by the state government).

==Education==
=== Schools ===
[[File:The Doon School.jpg|thumb|Main Building of [[The Doon School]]]]
Schools in Dehradun are classified as aided, unaided and Government schools. These schools are affiliated with [[Central Board of Secondary Education|CBSE]], [[Indian Certificate of Secondary Education]] (ICSE) or [[CISCE]]; except for the government schools, which are run directly by the [[Uttarakhand Board of School Education]] and follow the syllabus prescribed by the [[Government of Uttarakhand|state government]]. The language of instruction in schools is either English or Hindi.

Uttarakhand Board of School Education is responsible for administering courses of instructions, textbooks, and to conduct examinations for secondary school students of the state. The board was set up in 2001 and is headquartered in [[Ramnagar, Nainital|Ramnagar]].

Notable private educational institutions in Dehradun include [[Ann Mary School]], [[Brightlands School]], [[The Asian School]], [[Cambrian Hall]], [[Colonel Brown Cambridge School]], [[Convent of Jesus and Mary]], [[The Doon School]], [[Ecole Globale International Girls' School]], [[Marshall School, Dehradun|Marshall School]], [[Rashtriya Indian Military College]], [[SelaQui International School]], [[St Joseph's Academy, Dehradun]], [[St. Thomas' College, Dehradun|St. Thomas' College]], [[Summer Valley School]], [[Welham Boys School]], [[Welham Girls School]], Scholars Home. Several Indian and international luminaries have attended these schools. In addition to these schools there are many other state board schools located in the city.<ref>{{cite web |title=St. Joseph Academy |url=https://stjosephacademy.in/ |website=St. Joseph Academy |access-date=7 March 2019}}</ref> Since Dehradun has many central Government offices, there are as many as 12 [[Kendriya Vidyalayas]] also in the city.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.euttaranchal.com/schools/kendriya-vidyalayas-in-dehradun|title=Kendriya Vidyalayas in Dehradun - KVs in Dehradun - Kendriya Vidyalaya|website=euttaranchal.com|language=en-US|access-date=13 September 2018|date=19 March 2013}}</ref>

=== Higher education and research ===
[[File:Front View of F.R.I., Dehradun.jpg|alt=Forest Research Institute, Dehradun|thumb|Front view of [[Forest Research Institute (India)|Forest Research Institute]]]]
After completing their secondary education, students typically enrol in schools that have a higher secondary facility and are affiliated with the Directorate of higher education, the [[Indian Certificate of Secondary Education|ICSE]], or the [[Central Board of Secondary Education|CBSE]]. The colleges are each affiliated with a university or institution based either in Uttarakhand or elsewhere in India. In recent times, Dehradun has evolved as a pivot location for higher education in India. Premier research institutes based in Dehradun are [[Doon University]], [[Forest Research Institute (India)|Forest Research Institute]], [[DIT University|Dehradun Institute of Technology (DIT)]], [[Indian Institute of Remote Sensing]], [[Indian Institute of Petroleum]], [[Himgiri Zee University]], [[Wildlife Institute of India]], [[Instruments Research and Development Establishment]] and [[Wadia Institute of Himalayan Geology]]. Universities located in Dehradun are [[Hemwati Nandan Bahuguna Uttarakhand Medical Education University]], [[Uttaranchal University]], [[Doon University]], [[ICFAI University, Dehradun|Institute of Chartered Financial Analysts of India University, Dehradun]], [[University of Petroleum and Energy Studies]], [[Swami Rama Himalayan University]], [[Graphic Era University]] and [[Uttarakhand Technical University]].

Uttarakhand Technical University has eight constituent institutes<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://uktech.ac.in/constituent-institutes/|title=Constituent Institutes|publisher=Uttarakhand Technical University|website=uktech.ac.in|language=en-US|access-date=18 January 2021}}</ref> and approximately 132 affiliated colleges<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://uktech.ac.in/affiliated-institutes/|title=Affiliated Institutes|publisher=Uttarakhand Technical University|website=uktech.ac.in|language=en-US|access-date=18 January 2021}}</ref>

The [[Forest Research Institute (India)|Forest Research Institute]] campus hosts the [[Indira Gandhi National Forest Academy]] (IGNFA), the staff college that trains officers selected for the Indian Forest Service (IFS). [[Wildlife Institute of India]] (WII) is an autonomous institution under the Ministry of Environment Forest and Climate change, Government of India which carries out wildlife research.

Dehradun has four medical colleges. [[Government Doon Medical College]] is the only government medical college located in the city. Private medical colleges include [[Shri Guru Ram Rai Institute of Medical & Health Sciences]] affiliated to [[Hemwati Nandan Bahuguna Uttarakhand Medical Education University]] and Himalayan Institute of Medical Sciences affiliated to [[Swami Rama Himalayan University]]. These three medical colleges caters to the population of Dehradun and nearby hilly areas.
[[File:DoonAdminBlock.jpg|thumb|left|Adm Block of [[Doon University]]]]
National Institute for Empowerment of People with Visual Disabilities<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nivh.lima-city.de/ |title=National Institute for Empowerment of People with Visual Disabilities|language=de}}</ref> (NIEPVD) plays a key role in helping blind people. It is the first such institute in India and the first press for [[Braille]] script in the country<ref>{{cite web |url=http://rehabcouncil.nic.in/programmes/study_center.htm |title=Post Graduate Professional Certificate Course in Special Education Distance Education Programme (PGPC-SEDE) |access-date=26 March 2011 |publisher=Rehabilitation Council of India |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110223145807/http://rehabcouncil.nic.in/programmes/study_center.htm |archive-date=23 February 2011 |url-status=dead }}</ref> which provides education and service to the blind children. Dehradun houses organisations like the Latika Roy Foundation<ref>{{cite web|url=http://latikaroy.org/|title=Latika Roy Foundation|publisher=Latikaroy.org|access-date=8 December 2014}}</ref> for people with disabilities to access education, employment, and full inclusion in the community. The ASK Foundation, an educational charity, is also located in Dehradun.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://askfound.org/|title=Home Tuition – Home|publisher=Askfound.org|access-date=8 December 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140716114422/http://askfound.org/|archive-date=16 July 2014}}</ref>

Notable scholars who were born, worked or studied in Dehradun include former prime minister [[Rajiv Gandhi]], scientists [[Manju Bansal]] & [[Chandramukhi Basu]], writer [[William McKay Aitken]], poet [[Kanwal Ziai]], [[Germany|German]]-[[United Kingdom|British]] [[botanist]] [[Dietrich Brandis]], footballer [[Anirudh Thapa]], and [[Dalit Indian Chamber of Commerce and Industry|DICCI]] member [[Rajesh Saraiya]].

==Economy==
[[File:Central Braille Press, Dehradun (photo - Jim Ankan Deka).jpg|thumb|Central Braille Press, Dehradun – the first [[Braille]] press of India]]
The main source of economy in Dehradun is its [[Tourism in Uttarakhand|tourist places]]. The city's economy is enhanced by the presence of nearby national parks, mountain peaks and historical sites. Dehradun has a per capita income close to $2,993 (per 2020 figures). It has enjoyed strong economic growth in the last 20 years.{{Citation needed|date=December 2019}} Dehradun has experienced a commercial and information technology upswing, amplified by the establishment of software technology parks of India (STPI).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dehradun.stpi.in|title=STPI homepage|publisher=Dehradun.stpi.in|access-date=8 December 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141227054508/http://www.dehradun.stpi.in/|archive-date=27 December 2014}}</ref> and SEZs ([[Special economic zones]]) throughout.

The largest profession in Dehradun is agriculture. Staple foods are rice and dal with raita, curd and salad. Dehradun is known for its lychees and for growing the world's finest basmati rice.<ref>{{Cite news|date=16 June 2020 |first=Shivani |last=Azad|title=Bats descend on litchi orchards, give Doon residents sleepless nights|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/dehradun/bats-descend-on-litchi-orchards-give-doon-residents-sleepless-nights/articleshow/76393430.cms|access-date=13 November 2020|work=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=3 February 2020|title=Vanishing landscape of 'smart city' Dehradun|url=https://india.mongabay.com/2020/02/vanishing-landscape-of-smart-city-dehradun/|access-date=13 November 2020|website=Mongabay-India|language=en-US}}</ref>

It hosts training institutions of national importance such as the [[Indian Military Academy]], [[Indira Gandhi National Forest Academy]] (IGNFA), Zoological Survey of India (ZSI). It is home to national foundations such as the Ordnance Factory Dehradun, [[Instruments Research and Development Establishment]] (IRDE), [[Defence Electronics Application Laboratory]] (DEAL) and other defence establishments. Other institutions include the [[Indian Institute of Petroleum]], National Institute for Visually Handicapped, Central Soil and Water Conservation Research & Training Institute, [[Oil and Natural Gas Corporation]] (Keshav Dev Malviya Institute of Petroleum Exploration, Institute of Drilling Technology), Uttarakhand Space Applications Centre, [[Survey of India]], [[Wadia Institute of Himalayan Geology]], [[Forest Survey of India]] (FSI), [[Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education]] (ICFRE), [[Indian Institute of Remote Sensing]], [[Wildlife Institute of India]], [[Forest Research Institute (India)|Forest Research Institute]] (FRI), [[Army Cadet College]] and the [[Rashtriya Indian Military College]] (RIMC).<ref>{{cite web |title=Dehradun Map |url=https://www.mapsofindia.com/maps/uttaranchal/dehradun.htm |website=MapsofIndia.com |access-date=30 January 2018}}</ref>

Major defence production establishments include the Ordnance Factory Dehradun, the Opto Electronics Factory of the [[Ordnance Factories Board]], [[Defence Electronics Application Laboratory]] and [[Instruments Research and Development Establishment]] of the [[Defence Research and Development Organisation]] which manufactures products for the [[Indian Armed Forces]]. Many of these are located in the Raipur area. The Ordnance Factory estate is located in the middle of the mountains.

==Transport==
===Airway===
{{Multiple image
| align = right
| direction = vertical
| header =
| header_align = left/right/center
| header_background =
| footer =
| footer_align = left/right/center
| footer_background =
| background color =
| width = 220
| image1 = Dehradun Airport Terminal.jpg|thumb
| width1 =
| alt1 =
| caption1 = The [[Jolly Grant Airport]] is the main airport that serves Dehradun
| image2 = B class ^785 DHR locomotive plinthed outside Dehradun railway station - Flickr - Dr. Santulan Mahanta.jpg|thumb
| width2 =
| alt2 =
| caption2 = [[DHR B Class]] steam locomotive put for public display outside [[Dehradun railway station]]
}}
Dehradun is served by [[Dehradun Airport]], also known as '''Jolly Grant Airport''' {{Airport codes|DED|VIDN}}, which began its commercial operations in on 30 March 2008. The airport is {{convert|27|km}} from the city centre and lies in [[Doiwala]]. The nearest [[international airport]] is in [[New Delhi]]. As of now [[Air India]], [[Air India Express]], [[Alliance Air (India)|Alliance Air]], [[IndiGo]], [[SpiceJet]], and [[Vistara]] operate flights from Dehradun to [[Mumbai]], [[Lucknow]], [[Delhi]], [[Ahmedabad]], [[Jaipur]], [[Allahabad]], [[Bangalore]], [[Hyderabad]], [[Indore]], [[Kolkata]] and several other cities. Over 1,325,931 passengers passed through the airport in 201–20, making it the [[List of the busiest airports in India|38th busiest airport]] in India. There is also a helicopter service from Dehradun to Chinyalisaur a town in [[Uttarkashi district]] and [[Gauchar]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Uttarakhand: Helicopter service from Dehradun to Uttarkashi begins; here's how much it will cost |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/india/article/uttarakhand-helicopter-service-dehradun-to-uttarkashi-heli-service/551018 |access-date=31 August 2020 |work=www.timesnownews.com |date=8 February 2020 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Singh |first1=Kautilya |title=Gauchar, Chinyalisaur to be air connected with Dehradun in February |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/dehradun/gauchar-chinyalisaur-to-be-air-connected-with-doon-in-feb/articleshow/73814419.cms |access-date=31 August 2020 |work=The Times of India |date=1 February 2020 |language=en}}</ref> There are direct flights from Mumbai and Srinagar and a direct 50-minute flight from Lucknow to Dehradun. The airport is to be developed as an international airport, which has caused protests since it would require the felling of trees in the ecologically sensitive area of Thano.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Singh |first1=Kautilya |title=Uttarakhand: Jolly Grant to be developed as international airport|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/dehradun/jolly-grant-to-be-developed-as-intl-airport/articleshow/71746200.cms |access-date=31 August 2020 |work=The Times of India |date=25 October 2019 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=20 October 2020|title=Just Like Aarey, Thousands in Dehradun Unite For 'Chipko Movement' To Save Thano Forest|url=https://www.indiatimes.com/news/india/dehradun-people-unite-for-chipko-movement-to-save-thano-forest-525639.html|access-date=27 October 2020|work=IndiaTimes|language=en-IN}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=19 October 2020|first=Shivani|last=Azad|title='Chipko Movement' revived as hundreds gather against felling 10k trees of premier elephant reserve for Doon airport expansion|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/dehradun/chipko-movement-revived-as-hundreds-gather-against-felling-10k-trees-of-premier-elephant-reserve-for-doon-airport-expansion/articleshow/78736867.cms|access-date=27 October 2020|work=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref>

===Railway===
[[Dehradun railway station]] is the city's largest train station. Part of the [[Northern Railways]] (NR) zone, railway station was established in year 1899 by the British, it is the last station on the Northern railway line in the area. Some of the important express trains operating from the Dehradun Junction railway station are: [[Dehradun Jan Shatabdi Express]], which runs between New Delhi Junction and Dehradun station, the [[Dehradun Express]], which runs between [[Bandra Terminus]] and Dehradun station, the [[Varanasi Dehradun Express]], which runs between [[Varanasi Junction]] and Dehradun, the [[Dehradun Amritsar Express]] and the [[Upasana Express]] which run between Dehradun and [[Howrah Junction]] a distance of {{convert|1557|km}}, the [[Mussoorie Express]] which runs between Dehradun and [[Delhi Sarai Rohilla]], the intra state [[Kathgodam Express]] connects [[Kathgodam]] and Dehradun, the [[Nanda Devi Express]] connects [[Kota Junction]] to Dehradun, and the [[Kochuveli Dehradun Superfast Express]] which runs over a distance of {{convert|3459|km}} and connects with [[Kochuveli railway station|Kochuveli]], serving the nine states of [[Kerala]], [[Karnataka]], [[Goa]], [[Maharashtra]], [[Gujarat]], [[Rajasthan]], [[Delhi]], [[Uttar Pradesh]] & [[Uttarakhand]]. The [[Indian Railway Stations Development Corporation]] (IRSDC) is working on the redevelopment of existing railway stations to turn them into world-class travel hubs.

===Roads===
Dehradun lies on the [[National Highway 7 (India)|National Highway 7]], [[National Highway 307 (India)|National Highway 307]] which connects it to states [[Punjab (India)|Punjab]], [[Haryana]], [[Himachal Pradesh]], and [[Uttar Pradesh]]. There are two sets of major roads in Dehradun city, one along NE-SW (Rajpur main road) and the other along with NW-SE (Raipur, Kaulagarh and Chakrata) directions and they, in turn, are connected to another minor road network. The road density is high in the central part of the city around the bus stand and railway station. The [[Uttarakhand Transport Corporation]] (UTC), a [[public sector]] [[passenger]] [[road transport]] [[corporation]] is a major constituent of the transport system in Uttarakhand operates intracity and intercity [[bus service]]. There are also private transport operators operating approximately 3000 buses on non-nationalised routes along with a few interstate routes. Other modes of travel for local inter-city transportation are public transportation buses, [[auto rickshaw]]s and [[cycle rickshaw]]s.

==Culture==
[[File:Tara statue Great Stupa Dehra Dun.jpg|thumb|Statue of Tara and Great Stupa Dehra Dun]]
After becoming the capital, there has been continuous growth in education, communication and transport. As the state capital, Dehradun is home to many government institutions.

Buses are identified with blue bars. There are auto rickshaw which are often used for transportation but blamed for pollution and noise. The evening buzz of Rajpur road is an attraction. The city centre is easily recognised by the [[Clock tower]] (Ghanta Ghar), a structure with four functioning clocks. The statue of San Dijen placed in Shanti Niketan contributes to the beauty of the city. Dehradun has been home to artists and writers including [[Stephen Alter]], [[Nayantara Sahgal]], [[Allan Sealy]], [[Ruskin Bond]] and also to country singer [[Bobby Cash (singer)|Bobby Cash]].

Dehradun was home to freedom fighters whose names are engraved in gold on the Clock Tower. It was called "The Gray City" in the initial days because ex-Army officers and VIPs considered this place ideal for residence after retirement.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://210.212.78.56/dehradun/Hindi/indexcity.html |title=देहरादून |access-date=26 March 2011 |language=hi |trans-title=Dehradun |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080921100815/http://210.212.78.56/dehradun/Hindi/indexcity.html |archive-date=21 September 2008 }}</ref>

There are fairs ([[mela]]s) throughout the year. Notable fairs include Magh Mela, held on 14 January and Jhanda Mela in March, a fair for the Hindu community, that attracts Hindus from all over India and abroad. {{citation needed|date=August 2020}}

=== Tourism ===
Tourist destinations<ref>{{cite web|title=Dehradun Attractions – Things to do in Dehradun|url=http://dehradunlive.in/attractions/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150217122553/http://dehradunlive.in/attractions/|archive-date=17 February 2015|access-date=17 February 2015|publisher=Dehradunlive.in}}</ref> include the Dehradun Zoo, Kalanga Monument, Chandrabani, Himalayan Gallery cum Regional Science Centre Guchhupani, [[Forest Research Institute (India)|Forest Research Institute]], Tapovan, Lakshman Siddha Peeth,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Laxman Siddha Temple Dehradun - How To Reach Laxman Siddh Temple|url=http://www.euttaranchal.com/tourism/laxman-siddh-temple.php|access-date=4 May 2016|website=euttaranchal.com}}</ref> [[Tapkeshwar Temple]], Santala Devi Temple, [[Mindrolling Monastery]], Prakasheshwar Mahadev Temple,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Shiv Mandir Kuthal Gate Mussoorie Road Dehradun - Prakasheswar Mahadev Temple Dehradun|url=http://www.euttaranchal.com/tourism/shiv-mandir.php|access-date=4 May 2016|website=euttaranchal.com}}</ref> Sai Mandir,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Sai Mandir Rajpur Road Dehradun - How To Reach Sai Darbar Temple|url=http://www.euttaranchal.com/tourism/sai-temple.php|access-date=4 May 2016|website=euttaranchal.com}}</ref> Central [[Braille]] Press<ref>[http://www.withjim.in/2013/09/Central-Braille-Press-in-Dehradun.html Central Braille Press – the first braille printing press of India] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130927203037/http://www.withjim.in/2013/09/Central-Braille-Press-in-Dehradun.html|date=27 September 2013}}, ''Withjim.in''</ref> and Wadia Institute of Himalayan Geology.<ref>{{cite web|title=इनका आकर्षण है खास|trans-title=They have special charm|url=http://210.212.78.56/dehradun/Hindi/excursions.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080602221336/http://210.212.78.56/dehradun/Hindi/excursions.html|archive-date=2 June 2008|access-date=26 March 2011|publisher=देहरादूनएक्सकर्शन्स [Dehradun Expresscans]|language=hi}}</ref>

The tourist destinations can be divided into four or five areas: nature, sports, sanctuary, museums and institutions. The nearby hill stations are well known for their natural environment,<ref>{{cite web|title=Namaste Dehradun-Natural Beauty of Dehradun – Namaste Dehradun|url=http://www.namastedehradun.com/natural-beauty-of-dehradun/|access-date=8 December 2014|publisher=Namastedehradun.com}}</ref> temples for its faith dimensions, sanctuary for animal and bird lovers. Hill stations include [[Mussoorie]], [[Sahasradhara|Sahastradhara]], [[Chakrata]], and [[Dakpathar]]. Famous temples include Tapkeshwar, [[Lakhamandal]] and Santala Devi.

<gallery mode="packed">
File:Hanuman Idol at Tapkeshwar Temple..jpg|Hanuman Idol at Tapkeshwar Temple
File:An Indian monkey (bandar) in Malsi Deer Park (photo - Jim Ankan Deka).jpg|An Indian monkey in Malsi Deer Park
File:Hanol Temple.jpg|Hanol Temple
File:Robbers Cave, Dehradun.jpg|Robbers Cave, Dehradun
File:Front view of Buddha Temple Dehradun Uttarakhand.jpg| Front view of Buddha Temple Dehradun Uttarakhand
File:Santala Devi Temple Dehradun Uttarakhand.png|Santala Devi Temple Dehradun
</gallery>

=== Places of Interest ===
There are a number of small towns and tourist sites in Dehradun District.

==== Kipling Trail ====
The [[Kipling Trail]] is the old walking route between Dehradun and [[Mussoorie]] that was named after English novelist [[Rudyard Kipling]], who is believed to have walked the trail in the 1880s. It begins at Shahanshahi Ashram in Rajpur village. The trail is being revived as nature, history and hiking enthusiasts are increasingly using the trail over driving up to the [[hill station]].

==== Khalanga War Memorial ====
{{main|Khalanga War Memorial}}
The Battle of Nalapani was the first battle of the Anglo-Nepalese War of 1814–1816, fought between the forces of the British East India Company and Nepal, then ruled by the House of Gorkha. The battle took place around the Nalapani fort, near Dehradun, which was placed under siege by the British between 31 October and 30 November 1814.

==== Maa Bala Sundari Mandir ====
There are various temples of Maa Bala Sundari Devi situated in India and this is one such temple. The main temple is in Trilokpur, Himachal Pradesh. This temple is situated approximately {{cvt|3|km|spell=in}} South-West Direction of [[Sudhowala]]. This great temple is situated inside a forest. [[Gaur Brahmin]] of [[Sudhowala]] are Pandits (Brahman) of this temple. It is dedicated to the Hindu goddess Maa Bala Sundari, also known as Bal Roop of Maa Vaishno Devi, a manifestation of the Hindu [[Devi|Mother Goddess]] [[Mahalakshmi]].<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9XC9bwMMPcwC&q=Bala+Sundari&pg=PA291|title=What Is Hinduism? - Maa Bala Sundari|publisher=HINDUISM TODAY Magazine|year=2007|isbn=9781934145272}}</ref> The words "maa" and "mata" are commonly used in India for "[[Mother#Synonyms and translations|mother]]", and thus are often used in connection with Maa Bala Sundari.

Various modes of transportation are available from Sudhowala, including ponies, electric vehicles and palkis operated by 2 or 4 persons. Many pilgrims visit from the northern Indian states to get the blessings of Mahamaya Bala Sundari. A trust is also run by Mandir Maa Bala Sundari Trust, Sudhowala.

==== Dehradun International Cricket Stadium ====
[[File:Dehradun cricket stadium.jpg|right|thumb|300px|Dehradun cricket stadium]]
[[Rajiv Gandhi International Cricket Stadium, Dehradun]] is a multi-purpose stadium in the Raipur area of Dehradun, [[Uttarakhand]].<ref name="allindoon.com"/> It is the first international level stadium in the state.

==== Robber's Cave ====
[[Robber's Cave, India|Robber's Cave]] (locally known as Guchhupani), is a [[river cave]] formation in [[Himalaya]], located approximately {{cvt|8|km|spell=in}} from the centre of Dehradun City in [[Uttarakhand]] state of India. Believed to be the hideout of the famous Sultana Daaku and his band of dacoits. The cave formation has thus been named Robber's Cave.

The cave is about {{convert|600|m}} long, divided into two main parts. The cave has a highest fall of about {{convert|10|m}}. In the central part there is a fort wall structure which is now broken.<ref name="de">{{cite web|title=Robber's Cave (Guchhupani)|url=http://dehradun.nic.in/dehradun.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071214011923/http://dehradun.nic.in/dehradun.htm|archive-date=14 December 2007|publisher=Dehradun}}</ref> It consists of an extremely narrow [[gorge]] formed in a [[Conglomerate (geology)|conglomerate]] [[limestone]] area on [[Doon Valley]]'s Dehra [[plateau]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Singh|first=Surendra|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=X4FsjWPEeM4C&q=Robbers+Cave+Dehradun&pg=PA27|title=Urbanization in Garhwal Himalaya: a geographical interpretation|publisher=M.D. Publications|year=1995|isbn=81-85880-69-7|page=27}}</ref>

It is a natural cave formation where rivers flows inside the cave. The place is a tourist site and is maintained by [[Uttarakhand]] State. Local bus services are available up to Anarwala village, from where it is a kilometre's trek away.<ref name="de" /><ref>{{cite web|title=Robbers Cave|url=http://www.mapsofindia.com/dehradun/robbers-cave.html|website=MapsofIndia.com}}</ref>

==== Lachhiwala Picnic Spot ====
It is a popular tourist destination especially during summers. It is well known for its forest scenic beauty, man-made water pools and bird watching. It is now known as Nature Park.

==== Tapkeshwar Temple ====
It is a temple of Pashupati Lord Shiva. It is situated beside a forest on the bank of the Asan river and the main deity ([[Shivalinga]]) is housed in a natural cave. According to the holy epic [[Mahabharata]], Guru [[Drona]] is said to have resided in this cave for a period of time. The temple's natural cave is named Drona cave after him.<ref>{{cite web|title=Tapkeshwar Temple Dehradun - How to Reach Tapkeshwar Mahadev Mandir|url=https://www.euttaranchal.com/tourism/tapkeshwar.php|website=www.euttaranchal.com}}</ref> Water trickles down the ceiling of the cave and drops on the Shivalinga creating a magnificent image.

==== Dehradun Zoo ====
Formerly known as Malsi Deer Park, the main objectives of Dehradun Zoo are conservation of wild animals, developing an education centre and a rescue centre for wild animals. It is located on the foothills of Shivalik Range on the Mussoorie Road. It is about {{cvt|10|km|spell=in}} away from Dehradun and {{cvt|23|km}} from [[Mussoorie]].

==== Forest Research Institute ====
[[Forest Research Institute (India)|Forest Research Institute]] or 'FRI' is an institution in the field of forest research in India. It was founded as India's first forestry school in 1878 by [[Frederick Bailey (forester)|Lt Col Frederick Bailey]] [[FRSE]] [[FRSGS]] of the [[Royal Engineers]].<ref>{{cite web |title=The colonial origins of scientific forestry in Britain {{!}} |url=https://www.eh-resources.org/colonial-origins-scientific-forestry/ |website=www.eh-resources.org |access-date=8 February 2021}}</ref>

The institute is one of the oldest and biggest forest-based training institutes in India. The institute is known for its research work and wonderful architecture that dates to British Raj. FRI is affiliated to the Forest Research Institute University and is approved by the University Grants Commission (UGC). The aim of the institution is to accomplish the needs of the Indo-Gangetic plains of Punjab, Haryana, Chandigarh, Delhi and western Uttar Pradesh, as well as the Uttarakhand Himalayas.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Joshi|first=Bhartendu|date=15 March 2018|title=FRI or Forest Research Institute|url=https://bugyalvalley.com/uttarakhand-tourism/dehradun/forest-research-institute/|website=Bugyal Valley}}</ref>

==== Regional Science Center ====
Regional Science Center (RSC) is located within the campus of Uttarakhand Council of Science and Technology (UCOST) at Vigyan Dham, Suddhowala on the outskirts of Dehradun. The Uttarakhand Regional Science Center is developed by the National Council for Science Museum (NCSM) in collaboration with the UCOST. The Regional Science Center is a popular destination for school educational tours and hosts a science museum, planetarium, a 3D theatre, science gallery and scientific law based interactive exhibits.<ref>{{Cite web|last=UCOST|first=Uttarakhand|title=Regional Science Center|url=http://www.ucost.in/blog/rsc/|access-date=8 January 2019|website=ucost.in/blog/rsc/}}</ref>

==== Lambi Dehar Mines ====
A deserted Limestone Mine supposed to be a haunted place is located in the Mussoorie Range of Dehradun District.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Satpathy|first=Kriti Saraswat|date=20 June 2016|title=Latest travel Articles & blogs|url=https://www.india.com/travel/articles/most-haunted-does-a-witch-roam-lambi-dehar-mines-in-uttarakhand-3233528/|access-date=14 July 2020|website=India News, Breaking News, Entertainment News {{!}} India.com|language=en}}</ref>

==Media==
Most of the media houses in Uttarakhand are based in Dehradun. Among Dehradun's widely circulated Hindi-language newspapers are ''[[Dainik Tribune]]'', ''Shah Times'', ''Uttarakhand Aaj'', ''[[Dainik Jagran]]'', ''Gorkha Sandesh'', ''[[Hindustan (newspaper)|Hindustan]]'' ''Rashtriya Sahara'', ''Divya Himgiri'', and ''[[Amar Ujala]]''. ''The Dehradun Street'' and ''The Garhwal Post'' are two major English-language newspapers that are produced and published from the city. Other popular English-language newspapers published and sold in Dehradun include ''The Himachal Times'', ''[[Deccan Herald]]'', ''[[The Times of India]]'', and ''[[Hindustan Times]]''.

[[All India Radio]], the national state-owned radio broadcaster, has [[AM broadcasting|AM]] radio stations in the city. All India Radio also airs an [[FM broadcasting|FM radio]] station known as AIR North. Dehradun has five [[Frequency modulation|FM]] stations including, AIR Dehradun, Radio Dehradun (community radio station), [[Red FM 93.5]], Radio Zindagi, Hello Doon (NIVH) and Himagiri Ki Awaaz.<ref name="Radios">{{cite web |title=Dehradun radio stations |url=https://www.asiawaves.net/india/uttarakhand-radio.htm#dehradun-radio |publisher=ASIAWAVES: Radio and TV Broadcasting in South and South-East Asia |access-date=9 June 2020}}</ref> There is a [[Doordarshan]] Kendra in the city and provides state-owned free-to-air terrestrial channel [[DD Uttarakhand]]. A mix of Hindi, English, and other regional channels are accessible via [[Cable television|cable subscription]], [[direct-broadcast satellite]] service or [[IPTV|Internet-based television]]. [[Satellite television|Direct-to-Home]] (DTH) entertainment services in Dehradun include [[Videocon d2h]], [[DD Direct+]], [[Dish TV]], [[Reliance Digital TV]], [[Airtel digital TV]] and [[Tata Sky]].

==Sport==
[[File:People participating in the rehearsal ahead of the Prime Minister’s event on the International Day of Yoga 2018, at the Forest Research Institute, in Dehradun, Uttarakhand on June 19, 2018 (7).JPG|thumb|[[International Day of Yoga]] in Dehradun, 2018]]
The high mountains and rivers of Uttarakhand attract many tourists and adventure seekers. It is also a favourite destination for [[extreme sport|adventure sports]], such as [[paragliding]], [[sky diving]], [[rafting]] and [[bungee jumping]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://tribuneindia.com/2010/20101218/dplus.htm |title=The Tribune, Chandigarh, India : Latest news, India, Punjab, Chandigarh, Haryana, Himachal, Uttarakhand, J&K, sports, cricket |access-date=6 May 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130524034007/http://www.tribuneindia.com/2010/20101218/dplus.htm |archive-date=24 May 2013 }}</ref> The first indoor ice rink in India that meets the size requirements for [[ice hockey]], [[figure skating]], [[short track speed skating|short track]] and [[rink bandy]] was built in Dehradun.<ref name=IceRink>{{cite web |title=Nation's biggest ice-skating rink draws players from across country |author=Sandeep Rana |url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2010/20101218/dplus.htm#1 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130524034007/http://www.tribuneindia.com/2010/20101218/dplus.htm#1 |archive-date=24 May 2013 }}</ref>

As in the rest of India, cricket is popular among city youth and is played on grounds. [[Cricket Association of Uttarakhand]], which regulates cricket in Uttarakhand, is also based in the city. The multi-purpose [[Rajiv Gandhi International Cricket Stadium, Dehradun|Rajiv Gandhi International Cricket Stadium]], which has a capacity of 20,000 as of 2016, is the first international level stadium in the state.<ref name="allindoon.com">{{cite web |url=http://www.allindoon.com/showbusinesslist/showbusinessarticle/directory/active-life-dehradun/4930-rajiv-gandhi-international-cricket-stadium-dehradun-uttarakhand |title=4930-rajiv-gandhi-international-cricket-stadium-dehradun-uttarakhand |access-date=9 July 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303213102/http://www.allindoon.com/showbusinesslist/showbusinessarticle/directory/active-life-dehradun/4930-rajiv-gandhi-international-cricket-stadium-dehradun-uttarakhand |archive-date=3 March 2016 }}</ref> It is home to the [[Uttarakhand cricket team]] and second home to the [[Afghanistan cricket team]].<ref name="ACT"/> A Mega Sports Complex is situated in the [[Raipur, Uttarakhand|Raipur]] area of Dehradun.

In sports tourism, the Doon Ice Rink at Maharana Pratap Sports Complex, Raipur is the first full-sized ice arena in India.<ref name="IceRink" /><ref>{{cite web|date=19 March 2010|title=First ice arena for India|url=http://www.iihf.com/home-of-hockey/news/news-singleview/article/first-ice-arena-for-india.html?cHash=6cb9abfb5a|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131217225701/http://www.iihf.com/home-of-hockey/news/news-singleview/article/first-ice-arena-for-india.html?cHash=6cb9abfb5a|archive-date=17 December 2013}}</ref> It has hosted [[Ice skating in India|ice skating competitions]] and [[Ice hockey in India|ice hockey tournaments]], including the [[IIHF]] Challenge Cup of Asia.<ref>{{cite web|title=STATISTICS|url=http://www.iihf.com/channels1112/ccoa/statistics.html|access-date=8 December 2014|publisher=IIHF}}</ref>

Since, the formation of the state in 2000, the state suffered a blow to its sports facilities as [[Uttar Pradesh]] had the entire infrastructure for sports. [[Uttarakhand]] had hosted very few matches of [[Ranji Trophy]]. Due to lack of infrastructure, players started moving to different states.{{Citation needed|date=January 2019}} In November 2012, [[List of Chief Ministers of Uttarakhand|Former Chief Minister of Uttarakhand]] [[Vijay Bahuguna]] laid the foundation of the stadium hoped that the stadium would bring Dehradun on the international cricket map.
On 16 December 2016, Chief Minister [[Harish Rawat]] inaugurated the stadium along with [[Rajeev Shukla]] (the [[Indian Premier League|IPL]] chairperson). The stadium has a seating capacity of 25,000 people, along with floodlights facility for conducting day-night matches. The stadium is built on a 23-acre site and was selected as the second home ground for the Afghanistan cricket team in India.<ref name="ACT">{{cite news |title=Cricket diplomacy: Doon to be Afghanistan team's new home |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/cricket-diplomacy-doon-to-be-afghanistan-teams-new-home/articleshow/64580503.cms |access-date=5 February 2021 |work=The Times of India |date=14 June 2018 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Acharya |first1=Shayan |title=Dehradun is Afghanistan's second home ground |url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/cricket/dehradun-is-afghanistans-second-home-ground/article23320803.ece |access-date=5 February 2021 |work=Sportstar |date=22 March 2018 |language=en}}</ref>

Some other Cricket Grounds are:
{{div col|colwidth=24em}}
* Doon School Ground
* RIMC Cricket Ground
* Abhimanyu Cricket Academy Ground
* MPSC Cricket Ground
* Rangers College Cricket Ground
* Survey of India Cricket Ground
* Doon Cricket Academy Ground
* Tanush Cricket Academy Ground
{{div col end}}

==Architecture==
After Dehradun was made the capital of Uttarakhand, there was a construction boom, especially in residential properties. {{citation needed|date=June 2015}} Modern buildings have gradually supplanted older architectural styles including those related to the British colonial rule of India. Important older buildings still upstanding include the Clock Tower, [[Forest Research Institute (India)|Forest Research Institute]], CNI College, Morrison Memorial Church, Inamullah Building, Jama Masjid, Osho Meditation Centre, [[Indian Military Academy]] and Darbar Sahib.

==Notable people==
{{Unreferenced section|date=March 2020}}
{{Divcol}}
*[[Ajit Doval]] (National security advisor)
*[[Amardeep Jha]] (Indian film actress)
*[[Anirudh Dave]] (Indian television actor)
*[[Anirudh Agarwal]] (Actor)
*[[Ali Abbas Zafar]] (Indian film director)
*[[Archana Puran Singh]] (Indian television presenter)
*[[Asha Negi]] (Indian television actress)
*[[Bobby Cash]] (Country music artist)
*[[Deepa Sahi]] (Indian actress)
*[[Deepak Dobriyal]] (Indian film actor)
*[[Hemant Pandey]] (Film actor)
*[[Dehra Parker]], long-serving [[Ulster Unionist Party|Ulster Unionist]] member of the [[Parliament of Northern Ireland]]
*[[Himani Shivpuri]] (Indian actress)
*[[Jubin Nautiyal]] (Indian Singer)
*[[K. N. Singh]] (Character actor)
*[[Madhurima Tuli]] (Indian actress)
*[[Nirmal Pandey]] (Indian actor)
*[[Nitin Sahrawat]] (Actor,Environmentalist)
*[[Raghav Juyal]] (Indian dancer)
*[[Saira Banu]] (Indian film actress)
*[[Shivangi Joshi]] (Indian television actress)
*[[Sonam Bisht]] ( Indian Television Actress)
*[[Sudhanshu Pandey]] (Indian model)
*[[Tom Alter]] (Indian actor)
*[[Udita Goswami]] (Indian actress)
*[[Vikas Gupta]] (Producer and [[Bigg Boss]] contestant)
*[[Vir Das]] (Indian actor)
*[[Anirudh Thapa]] (Indian football player)
*[[Lokesh Ohri]] (anthropologist and heritage activist)
*[[Vikram Singh Chauhan]] (Indian television actor)
{{Divcolend}}

== See also ==
{{Commons category|Dehradun}}
{{Wikivoyage}}
{{div col|colwidth=18em}}
* [[Dehradun Municipal Corporation]]
* [[List of cities in Uttarakhand and Himachal Pradesh by population]]
* [[Garhwal Division]]
* [[Doiwala]]
* [[Haridwar]]
* [[Roorkee]]
* [[Rishikesh]]
{{div col end}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Dehradun}}
{{State and Union Territory capitals of India}}
{{Authority control}}

{{Uttarakhand}}

[[Category:Dehradun| ]]
[[Category:Dehradun district]]
[[Category:Places in the Ramayana]]
[[Category:Cities in Uttarakhand]]
[[Category:Smart cities in India]]
[[Category:Populated places established in the 1670s]]
[[Category:1670s establishments in Asia]]

Draft:Shivangi Joshi

2021-07-09T11:44:44Z

Wandererkanishk: Wandererkanishk moved page Draft:Shivangi Joshi to Shivangi Joshi

#REDIRECT [[Shivangi Joshi]]

Shivangi Joshi

2021-07-09T11:44:39Z

Wandererkanishk: Wandererkanishk moved page Draft:Shivangi Joshi to Shivangi Joshi

{{Short description|Indian actress}}
{{pp-blp|small=yes}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2019}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Shivangi Joshi
| image = Shivangi Joshi grace Dadasaheb Phalke Film Foundation Awards 2019.jpg
| caption = Joshi at Dadasaheb Phalke Film Foundation Awards, 2019
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=y|1995|05|18}}<ref name="birthday-1"/><ref name="birthday-2"/>
| birth_place = [[Pune]], [[Maharashtra]], [[India]]
| nationality = [[Indian people|Indian]]
| occupation = Actress
| years active = 2013–present
| known for = ''[[Begusarai]]'' ''[[Yeh Rishta Kya Kehlata Hai]]''

}}

'''Shivangi Joshi''' (born 18 May 1995<ref name="birthday-1" >{{cite web |last1=Farzeen |first1=Sana |title=Happy Birthday Shivangi Joshi: 10 ultra-stylish looks of the diva |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/shivangi-joshi-birthday-yeh-rishta-kya-kehlata-hai-naira-photos-5181517/ |website=[[The Indian Express]] |access-date=15 May 2021 |date=18 May 2018}}</ref><ref name="birthday-2">{{cite web |last1=Keshri |first1=Shweta |title=Mohsin Khan shares video of birthday girl Shivangi Joshi playing drums: 4 years of friendship |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/celebrity/story/mohsin-khan-shares-video-of-birthday-girl-shivangi-joshi-playing-drums-4-years-of-friendship-1679310-2020-05-18 |website=[[India Today]] |access-date=19 May 2021 |date=18 May 2021}}</ref>) is an [[Indian people|Indian]] television actress.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment/telly-talk/gossip/photo-gallery/yeh-rishta-kya-kehlata-hai-actress-shivangi-joshi-redefines-glamour-in-these-unmissable-photos/349030|title=Yeh Rishta Kya Kehlata Hai actress Shivangi Joshi redefines glamour in these unmissable photos!|date=17 January 2019|publisher=Times Now News}}</ref> She gained major popularity for portraying Naira Singhania Goenka in [[Star Plus]]'s longest running television soap opera ''[[Yeh Rishta Kya Kehlata Hai]]'' from 2016 to 2021 and presently stars as Sirat Shekhawat in the same show.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/tv-shows-that-changed-the-luck-of-these-actors-and-made-them-overnight-stars/photostory/65055169.cms|title=TV shows that changed the luck of these actors and made them overnight stars|website=Times Of India}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://m.timesofindia.com/tv/news/hindi/Shivangi-Joshi-will-play-the-grown-up-Naira/articleshow/52075258.cms|title=Shivangi Joshi will play the grown-up Naira|work=The Times of India}}</ref>

==Early life==
Joshi was born in [[Pune]], [[Maharashtra]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.amarujala.com/photo-gallery/entertainment/bollywood/yeh-rishta-kya-kehlata-hai-actress-shivangi-joshi-birthday-special|title=Yeh Rishta Kya Kehlata Hai actress Shivangi Joshi birthday special}}</ref> She did her schooling in her hometown, [[Dehradun]], [[Uttarakhand]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://m.timesofindia.com/tv/news/hindi/yeh-rishta-kya-kehlata-hais-shivangi-joshi-holidays-in-uttarakhand-has-a-blast/articleshow/68426834.cms|title=Yeh Rishta Kya Kehlata Hai's Shivangi Joshi holidays in Uttarakhand}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/celebrity/story/50-breathtaking-pics-of-yeh-rishta-kya-kehlata-hai-s-shivangi-joshi-you-cannot-miss-1450325-2019-02-07|title=50 breathtaking pics of Yeh Rishta Kya Kehlata Hai's Shivangi Joshi you cannot miss|website=India Today}}</ref>

==Career==
Joshi made her television debut in 2013 with [[Zee TV]]'s ''[[Khelti Hai Zindagi Aankh Micholi]]''.<ref name=":0" /> Subsequently, she went on to play Aayat Haider in ''[[Beintehaa]]'' and Poonam Thakur in ''[[Begusarai (TV series)|Begusarai]]'', opposite [[Vishal Aditya Singh]].

In 2016, Joshi began portraying Naira Singhania Goenka in [[Star Plus]]'s ''[[Yeh Rishta Kya Kehlata Hai]]'', opposite [[Mohsin Khan (actor)|Mohsin Khan]].<ref name=":0" /> Her highly appreciated character of Naira was killed off in the show in January 2021, following which she started enacting a new character of Sirat Shekhawat in the same.

In 2020, she was about to make her debut at the [[Cannes Film Festival]] with a film titled ''Our Own Sky''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/celebrities/story/shivangi-joshi-to-make-her-cannes-debut-at-2020-film-festival-1637880-2020-01-17|title=Shivangi Joshi to make her Cannes debut at 2020 film festival|website=India Today}}</ref> But due to coronavirus,the film was later released in the OTT platform.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/amp/news/bollywood/shivangi-joshis-sky-ott-release/|title=Shivangi Joshi’s Our Own Sky to have an OTT release|website=Bollywood Hungama}}</ref>

==Television==
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|-
! Year
! Show
! Role
! Ref
|-
|2013
|''[[Parvarrish – Kuchh Khattee Kuchh Meethi]]''
|Unnamed (Episode 359)
|<ref name=":0" />
|-
|rowspan=2|2013–2014
|''[[Khelti Hai Zindagi Aankh Micholi]]''
|Nisha
|<ref name=":0" />
|-
|''[[Beintehaa]]''
|Aayat Haider
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/vikas-grover-i-am-happy-for-shivangi-joshis-success/articleshow/64172672.cms|title=Vikas Grover: I am happy for Shivangi Joshi's success|website=Times Of India}}</ref>
|-
|2014
|''[[Love by Chance (Indian TV series)|Love by Chance]]''
|Vishy
|
|-
|2015–2016
|''[[Begusarai (TV series)|Begusarai]]''
|Poonam Kumari/ Poonam Lakhan Thakur
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://m.timesofindia.com/tv/news/hindi/Meet-the-dashing-Thakurs-of-Begusarai/articleshow/47862126.cms#_ga=2.188006568.1602132196.1570958355-2065567059.1570958355|title=Meet the dashing Thakurs of Begusarai|website=Times of India}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.tellychakkar.com/tv/tv-news/begusarai-will-remain-unforgettable-journey-me-shivangi-joshi-160323|title=Begusarai will remain an unforgettable journey for me: Shivangi Joshi|website=Telly chakkar}}</ref>
|-
|rowspan=2|2016
|''[[Yeh Hai Aashiqui]]''
|Meera
|
|-
|''[[Pyaar Tune Kya Kiya (TV series)|Pyaar Tune Kya Kiya]]''
|Jyoti
|
|-
| 2016–2021
| ''[[Yeh Rishta Kya Kehlata Hai]]''
| Rowspan="2"| Naira Singhania/ Naira Kartik Goenka
|
|-
|2019
|''[[Yeh Rishtey Hain Pyaar Ke]]''
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.filmibeat.com/television/news/2019/yeh-rishta-kya-kehlata-hai-spin-off-title-revealed-naira-shivangi-introduces-to-mishti-rhea-sharma-282987.html|title=Yeh Rishta Kya Kehlata Hai Spin-off Title Revealed; Naira Aka Shivangi Introduces Mishti Aka Rhea|website=Filmibeat}}</ref>
|-
|2021–present
|''[[Yeh Rishta Kya Kehlata Hai]]''
|rowspan="2"| Sirat Shekhawat
|
|-
|2021
|''[[Mann Kee Awaaz Pratigya 2]]''
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://m.timesofindia.com/tv/news/hindi/yeh-rishta-kya-kehlata-hais-shivangi-joshi-continues-to-shoot-despite-being-severely-unwell/articleshow/69328331.cms|title=Yeh Rishta Kya Kehlata Hai's Shivangi Joshi continues to shoot despite being severely unwell|website=Times of India}}</ref>
|}

==Awards==
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|-
! Year
! Award
! Category
! Show
! Result
! Ref
|-
| 2017
| rowspan=2|[[Gold Awards]]
| Best Debut Female
| rowspan=5|''[[Yeh Rishta Kya Kehlata Hai]]''
|{{won}}
|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.filmibeat.com/television/news/2017/zee-gold-awards-2017-yeh-rishta-kya-kehlata-hai-shivangi-mohsin-others-bag-5-awards/articlecontent-pf211797-264827.html|title=Zee Gold Awards 2017: Yeh Rishta Kya Kehlata Hai Team Bags 5 Awards!|website=Filmibeat}}</ref>
|-
| 2018
| Best Onscreen Jodi
(With [[Mohsin Khan (actor)|Mohsin Khan]])
|{{won}}
|<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.dnaindia.com/television/report-in-pics-zee-gold-awards-2018-full-winners-list-jennifer-winget-nakuul-mehta-mouni-roy-walk-away-with-the-trophies-2627274|title=Zee Gold Awards 2018 Full Winners List!|work=DNA|language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan=3|2019
| [[Indian Television Academy Awards]]
| Best Actor Female
|{{won}}
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.filmibeat.com/amphtml/television/news/2019/ita-awards-2019-winners-list-helly-shah-shivangi-joshi-ashi-randeep-kapil-sharma-others-win-big-pics-291645.html#aoh=16230699852183&referrer=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com&amp_tf=From%20%251%24s|title=ITA Awards 2019|website=Filmibeat}}</ref>
|-
| Kalakar Awards
| Best Actress
|{{won}}
|<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.abplive.in/television/kalakar-awards-2019-winners-list-shivangi-joshi-erica-fernandes-nakuul-mehta-walk-away-with-trophies-pics-inside-901362/amp|title=Kalakar Awards 2019: Shivangi Joshi, Erica Fernandes, Nakuul Mehta walk away with trophies|work=ABP Live}}</ref>
|-
|[[Gold Awards]]
| Best Actor Female (Popular)
|{{won}}
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.mid-day.com/articles/gold-awards-2019-winners-list-surbhi-chandna-hina-khan-mohsin-khan-win-big/21894169|title=Gold Awards 2019 Winners List Surbhi Chandna Hina Khan Mohsin Khan win big|website=Mid-day|language=en|access-date=2019-10-21}}</ref>
|}

== See also ==
* [[List of Indian television actresses]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://m.imdb.com/name/nm7812857/ Shivangi Joshi] [[IMDb]]
*{{Instagram|shivangijoshi18}}
{{Navboxes
| title = Awards for Shivangi Joshi
| list =
{{Indian Television Academy Award Best Lead Actress}}
}}
{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Joshi, Shivangi}}
[[Category:Indian television actresses]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1995 births]]

Shakti Pratap Singh Rathore

2021-07-08T13:58:32Z

Wandererkanishk:

{{Use dmy dates|date=Jaly 2021}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2021}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Shakti Pratap Singh Rathore<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://rajpcc.com/shaktipratap|title=Indian National Congress Party- Shakti Pratap Singh Rathore|website=rajpcc.com}}</ref>
| image = [[File:Shakti Pratap Singh Rathore.jpg|thumb|Shakti Pratap Singh Rathore]]
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1979|11|10|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Ajmer]], Rajasthan, India
| children = Devvrat Singh Rathore
| father = Ghisu Singh Rathore
| mother = Pan Kanwar
| residence = 21/13 Sector 2 Vaishali Nagar, [[Ajmer]], [[Rajasthan]].
| spouse = Preeti Chouhan
| alma_mater = [[Government College, Ajmer]] ([[B.A]], [[MA]]) [[Maharshi Dayanand Saraswati University]] ([[Ph.D.]])
| office1 = Co-Coordinator Mahatma Gandhi Jeevan Darshan Samiti
| termstart1 = 2019
| predecessor1 =
| office2 = Secretary, Rajasthan Pradesh Youth Congress
| termstart2 = 2018
| termend2= 2019
| constituency2 =
| party = [[Indian National Congress]]
| nationality = Indian
| profession = [[Politician]], [[Entrepreneur]]
}}

'''Shakti Pratap Singh Rathore''' (born 10 November 1979) is an Indian Politician belonging to [[Indian National Congress]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ventsmagazine.com/2021/05/29/shakti-pratap-singh-rathore-the-intellect-with-a-plan/|title=Shakti Pratap Singh Rathore: The Intellect With A Plan|date=29 May 2021|website=Ventz Magzine}}</ref>, currently serving as the Co-Coordinator of Mahatma Gandhi Jeevan Darshan Samiti.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.newsx.com/entertainment/national-entertainment/shakti-pratap-singh-rathore.html|title=Shakti Pratap Singh Rathore's affection for governmental issues and the battles that got him where he is today.|date=7 January 2021|website=NewsX}}</ref>

==Early Life==
'''Shakti Pratap Singh Rathore''' was born in [[Ajmer]], [[Rajasthan]] and completed his schooling from [[St. Anselm's Senior Secondary School, Ajmer]] and graduation from [[Government College of Ajmer]] and higher studies from [[Maharshi Dayanand Saraswati University]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.mid-day.com/lifestyle/infotainment/article/shakti-pratap-singh-love-for-politics-and-the-struggles-that-got-him-where-he-is-today-23175183|title=Shakti Pratap Singh’s love for politics and the struggles that got him where he is today|date=26 May 2021|website=www.mid-day.com}}</ref>

==Political Journey==

In 2000 '''Shakti Pratap Singh Rathore''' got attached to [[National Students' Union of India]] during the college tenure and later Stood for the Presidential Elections(2003) in [[Maharshi Dayanand Saraswati University]] and became the principal NSUI leader of that college by becoming the First President elected on an [[National Students' Union of India]] ticket. Soon after that he was appointed as the Secretary of [[National Students' Union of India]] and then Vice President of [[National Students' Union of India]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://in.news.yahoo.com/shakti-pratap-singh-rathore-politician-055410974.html|title=Shakti Pratap Singh Rathore: A Politician and an Emerging Samaritan|website=in.news.yahoo.com}}</ref>

In 2015 he stood for the Panchayat Samiti Member Election and became the Member of the board on an [[Indian National Congress]] Ticket. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://english.newstracklive.com/news/the-goals-of-a-true-political-leader-shakti-pratap-singh-sc2-nu293-ta293-1162572-1.html|title=The Goals Of A True Political Leader: Shakti Pratap Singh|date=28 May 2021|website=News Track}}</ref>

In 2018, His election management strategies bought victory to [[Raghu Sharma (politician) ]]] in the [[16th Lok Sabha| Ajmer By Elections]] and was rewarded with a big post and was appointed as the Secretary Of [[Rajasthan Youth Congress]]. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://foxinterviewer.com/uncategorized/the-portrait-of-an-honest-statesman-shakti-pratap-singh-rathore/|title=The Portrait of an Honest Statesman: Shakti Pratap Singh Rathore|website= Fox Interviewer|date=19 June 2021}}</ref>

In 2019, after congress made a stable government in Rajasthan<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://caseyweekly.com.au/2021/05/31/an-integral-part-of-the-indian-national-congress-party-shakti-pratap-singh-rathore/|title=An Integral Part Of The Indian National Congress Party: Shakti Pratap Singh Rathore|date=31 May 2021|website=caseyweekly.com}}</ref>, he was institutionally appointed as the Co-Coordinator of Mahatma Gandhi Jeevan Darshan Samiti (An Government Non Profit Organisation)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.apnnews.com/shakti-pratap-singh-rathore-stresses-on-the-importance-of-creating-a-better-tomorrow-through-his-leadership/|title=Shakti Pratap Singh Rathore Stresses On The Importance Of Creating A Better Tomorrow Through His Leadership|website=www.apnnews.com}}</ref>

==Positions Held==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Position !! Organisation<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.punjabkesari.in/rajasthan/news/shakti-pratap-singh-rathore-head-of-youth-of-rajasthan-1403287|title=शक्ति प्रताप सिंह राठौड़: राजस्थान के युवाओं के सिरमुख|date=17 June 2021|website=punjabkesari}}</ref>
|-
| President || [[Maharshi Dayanand Saraswati University]]
|-
| Secretary || [[National Students' Union of India]]
|-
| Vice President || [[National Students' Union of India]]
|-
| [[Indian National Congress|INC]] Member || Panchayat Samiti Sarwar
|-
| Secretary || [[Rajasthan Youth Congress]]
|-
| Co-Coordinator || Mahatma Gandhi Jeevan Darshan Samiti
|-
| Election Observer || Sahara By Election 2021

|}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
*[https://www.shaktipratapsingh.com/| Official Website]
*{{Facebook|ShaktiPratapofficial| Shakti Pratap Singh Rathore}}
* {{Instagram | ShaktiPratapOfficial| Shakti Pratap Singh Rathore }}
* {{Twitter| ShaktiPratapINC |Shakti Pratap Singh Rathore}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Rathore, Shakti Pratap Singh}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1979 births]]
[[Category:Rajasthani politicians]]
[[Category:People from Ajmer district]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Rajasthan]]

{{India-politician-stub}}

Shivam Bangwal

2021-07-08T13:10:34Z

Wandererkanishk:

{{Use dmy dates|date=Jaly 2021}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2021}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Shivam Bangwal
| image = Shivam Bangwal.jpg
| image_size = 200px
| birth_place = Srinagar Garhwal, Uttarakhand
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1999|11|06|df=y}}
| nationality =Indian
| occupation =Entrepreneur
| years_active = 2017-present
| known_for = Branding Panther and Digital Marketing, Youthistaan
}}

'''Shivam Bangwal''' (born 6 November 1999)<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.imdb.com/name/nm11996846/|title=Shivam Bangwal|website=IMDb}}</ref> is a Digital Marketer, entrepreneur and is a Chief and author of Advanced Pioneer.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://english.newstracklive.com/news/meet--shivam-bangwal-the-guy-who-is-on-his-way-to-dominate-the-digital-marketing-industry-sc17-nu293-ta293-1141798-1.html|title=Meet - Shivam Bangwal the guy who is on his way to dominate the Digital Marketing Industry|date=20 January 2021|website=News Track}}</ref> He is a founder of Branding Panther, Digital Leader and Youthistaan. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hinduwire.com/shivam-bangwal-digital-marketer-and-founder-of-youthistaan/|title=Shivam Bangwal - Popular Digital Marketer And Founder Of Youthistaan - Hindu Wire}}</ref> He made an online brand presence and designed campaigns for small-scale brands, multinationals, influencers, politicians, businessmen, and celebrities.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.livehindustan.com/uttarakhand/srinagar/story-20-year-old-shivam-bangwal-is-making-a-name-in-the-field-of-digital-marketing-3401025.html|title=डिजिटल मार्केटिंग के क्षेत्र में नाम कमा रहे 20 वर्षीय शिवम बंगवाल|website=Hindustan}}</ref>

==Early life==
Shivam Bangwal was born and brought up in Srinagar Garhwal, [[Uttarakhand]] and graduated from [[Chandigarh University]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ventsmagazine.com/2021/03/19/shivam-bangwal-the-creator-of-youthistaan-and-a-gifter-digital-marketer/|title=Shivam Bangwal: The Creator Of Youthistaan And A Gifter Digital Marketer|date=19 March 2021}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

== Further Readings ==
[https://youthistaan.com/about/ About Us]

==External links==
*{{Facebook|shivambangwalofficial| Shivam Bangwal}}
*{{Twitter|shivam_bangwal| Shivam Bangwal}}
*{{Instagram|shivam_bangwal| Shivam Bangwal}}

[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1999 births]]
[[Category:Entrepreneurs]]

Draft:Shivam Bangwal

2021-07-08T13:10:04Z

Wandererkanishk: Wandererkanishk moved page Draft:Shivam Bangwal to Shivam Bangwal

#REDIRECT [[Shivam Bangwal]]

Shivam Bangwal

2021-07-08T13:09:59Z

Wandererkanishk: Wandererkanishk moved page Draft:Shivam Bangwal to Shivam Bangwal

{{Infobox person
| name = Shivam Bangwal
| image = Shivam Bangwal.jpg
| image_size = 200px
| caption =
| birth_name = 
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age 06|11|1999}}
| birth_place = Uttarakhand, India
| nationality = Indian
| occupation = Entrepreneur
}}

'''Shivam Bangwal''' is a young entrepreneur and social media expert.

<ref> https://www.apnlive.com/shivam-bangwal-one-of-the-best-brand-consultants-and-a-founder-of-youthistaan/ </ref>
<ref> https://ventsmagazine.com/2021/03/19/shivam-bangwal-the-creator-of-youthistaan-and-a-gifter-digital-marketer/ </ref>
<ref> https://english.newstracklive.com/news/meet--shivam-bangwal-the-guy-who-is-on-his-way-to-dominate-the-digital-marketing-industry-sc17-nu293-ta293-1141798-1.html </ref>
<ref> https://www.livehindustan.com/uttarakhand/srinagar/story-20-year-old-shivam-bangwal-is-making-a-name-in-the-field-of-digital-marketing-3401025.html </ref>

Mohd Badrudduja

2021-07-08T10:38:07Z

Wandererkanishk:

{{Use dmy dates|date=Jaly 2021}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2021}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Mohd Badrudduja
| image = Mohd Badar.jpg
| image_size =
| birth_place =
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1987|10|17|df=y}}
| nationality =Indian
| occupation =Entrepreneur
| years_active = 2007-present
| known_for = Event Management and Journalism
}}

'''Mohd Badrudduja''' is a Lucknow-based entrepreneur and philanthropist.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.theweek.in/news/biz-tech/2020/07/23/mohd-badar-a-source-of-inspiration-for-substantiality-and-deterministic-towards-the-event-industries.html|title=Mohd. Badar become a source of inspiration for Substantiality and Deterministic towards the event industries|website=The Week}}</ref> He is the Director of HBN Events, an event management company. He is known for organizing the major events across the country and is also known for philanthropic efforts in the society. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.forbesindia.com/article/brand-connect/hbn-events-academy-a-concomitant-of-mohd-badars-vision/63911/1|title=HBN Events Academy: A Concomitant Of Mohd Badar's Vision|website=Forbes India}}</ref>
== Early Life ==
Mohd Badar <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/life-style/food-news/cloud-kitchen-changing-the-world-of-dining/photostory/77933564.cms|title=Cloud kitchens and new technologies in the new normal|date=4 September 2020|website=The Times of India}}</ref> was born and brought up in Lucknow<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://edtimes.in/mohd-badar-announce-cancellation-of-lucknow-health-run-season-2-invites-people-to-contribute-to-the-ideation-of-a-safe-marathon-virtually/|title=Mohd Badar Announce Cancellation of Lucknow Health Run Season 2, invites people to contribute to the ideation of a safe marathon, virtually|date=1 August 2020}}</reF> and graduated with a degree in Bachelor of Science (BSC) specializing in Biology.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/brand-post/meet-mohd-badar-the-showbiz-master-curating-novel-experiences-in-the-new-normal/story-z6z5j5E8wMEZ1mbuC1OLxI.html|title=Meet Mohd Badar: The showbiz master curating novel experiences in the new normal|date=15 September 2020|website=Hindustan Times}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dnaindia.com/education/report-mohd-badar-announces-opening-of-hbn-events-academy-in-up-s-lucknow-2846120|title=Mohd Badar announces opening of HBN Events Academy in UP's Lucknow|date=29 September 2020|website=DNA India}}</ref>
== Awards ==
He has been awarded by the Navanshika Foundation (SR Group of Institute) in 2019 and with the Icon of the Year award by the Arisha Foundation in 2019.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.imdb.com/name/nm12169376/|title=Mohd Badar|website=IMDb}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://businessworld.in/article/HBN-Events-initiate-event-management-revival-post-lockdown/08-07-2020-295296|title=HBN Events initiate event management revival post lockdown|website=BW Businessworld}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

== Further Readings ==
*{{Cite web|url=https://zeenews.india.com/india/entrepreneur-mohd-badar-is-confident-of-return-for-event-management-industries-request-govt-for-unlock-the-event-industries-for-servile-2305215.html|title=Entrepreneur Mohd. Badar confident of return of event management industries, requests govt for unlock it for servile|date=25 August 2020|website=Zee News}}

*{{Cite web|url=https://www.aninews.in/news/business/hbn-events-initiate-event-management-revival-post-lockdown20200708132306/|title=HBN Events initiate event management revival post lockdown|website=ANI News}}</ref>

*{{Cite web|url=https://www.amarujala.com/lucknow/bashindey/businessman-mohammad-badar-expresses-worry-about-event-management-industry-due-to-corona-pandemic|title=लखनऊ के बिजनेसमैन मोहम्मद बदर ने कोरोना काल में इवेंट मैनेजरों के लिए जताई चिंता, कहा- "क्या पूरा हो पाएगा युवाओं का सपना"|website=Amar Ujala}}

*{{Cite web|url=https://www.mid-day.com/lifestyle/health-&-fitness/article/Organic-Beauty-Busting-Myths-about-Natural-Personal-Care-Products-22990285?infinite-scroll=1|title=Busting Myths about Organic Beauty|website= Mid Day}}

==External links==
*[https://mohdbadar.com/| Official Website]
*{{Facebook|mohd.badar.963 | Mohd Badar}}
*{{Twitter|badar84|Mohd Badar}}
*{{Instagram|badar.emagination| Mohd Badar}}

[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1987 births]]
[[Category:Entrepreneurs]]

Mohd Badrudduja

2021-07-08T10:31:33Z

Wandererkanishk: Created page with "{{Use dmy dates|date=Jaly 2021}} {{Use Indian English|date=July 2021}} {{Infobox person | name = Mohd Badrudduja | image = | image_size = | birth_place = | birth_date =..."

{{Use dmy dates|date=Jaly 2021}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2021}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Mohd Badrudduja
| image =
| image_size =
| birth_place =
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1987|10|17|df=y}}
| nationality =Indian
| occupation =Entrepreneur
| years_active = 2007-present
| known_for = Event Management and Journalism
}}

'''Mohd Badrudduja''' is a Lucknow-based entrepreneur and philanthropist.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.theweek.in/news/biz-tech/2020/07/23/mohd-badar-a-source-of-inspiration-for-substantiality-and-deterministic-towards-the-event-industries.html|title=Mohd. Badar become a source of inspiration for Substantiality and Deterministic towards the event industries|website=The Week}}</ref> He is the Director of HBN Events, an event management company. He is known for organizing the major events across the country and is also known for philanthropic efforts in the society. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.forbesindia.com/article/brand-connect/hbn-events-academy-a-concomitant-of-mohd-badars-vision/63911/1|title=HBN Events Academy: A Concomitant Of Mohd Badar's Vision|website=Forbes India}}</ref>
== Early Life ==
Mohd Badar <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/life-style/food-news/cloud-kitchen-changing-the-world-of-dining/photostory/77933564.cms|title=Cloud kitchens and new technologies in the new normal|date=4 September 2020|website=The Times of India}}</ref> was born and brought up in Lucknow<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://edtimes.in/mohd-badar-announce-cancellation-of-lucknow-health-run-season-2-invites-people-to-contribute-to-the-ideation-of-a-safe-marathon-virtually/|title=Mohd Badar Announce Cancellation of Lucknow Health Run Season 2, invites people to contribute to the ideation of a safe marathon, virtually|date=1 August 2020}}</reF> and graduated with a degree in Bachelor of Science (BSC) specializing in Biology.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/brand-post/meet-mohd-badar-the-showbiz-master-curating-novel-experiences-in-the-new-normal/story-z6z5j5E8wMEZ1mbuC1OLxI.html|title=Meet Mohd Badar: The showbiz master curating novel experiences in the new normal|date=15 September 2020|website=Hindustan Times}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dnaindia.com/education/report-mohd-badar-announces-opening-of-hbn-events-academy-in-up-s-lucknow-2846120|title=Mohd Badar announces opening of HBN Events Academy in UP's Lucknow|date=29 September 2020|website=DNA India}}</ref>
== Awards ==
He has been awarded by the Navanshika Foundation (SR Group of Institute) in 2019 and with the Icon of the Year award by the Arisha Foundation in 2019.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.imdb.com/name/nm12169376/|title=Mohd Badar|website=IMDb}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://businessworld.in/article/HBN-Events-initiate-event-management-revival-post-lockdown/08-07-2020-295296|title=HBN Events initiate event management revival post lockdown|website=BW Businessworld}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

== Further Readings ==
*{{Cite web|url=https://zeenews.india.com/india/entrepreneur-mohd-badar-is-confident-of-return-for-event-management-industries-request-govt-for-unlock-the-event-industries-for-servile-2305215.html|title=Entrepreneur Mohd. Badar confident of return of event management industries, requests govt for unlock it for servile|date=25 August 2020|website=Zee News}}

*{{Cite web|url=https://www.aninews.in/news/business/hbn-events-initiate-event-management-revival-post-lockdown20200708132306/|title=HBN Events initiate event management revival post lockdown|website=ANI News}}</ref>

*{{Cite web|url=https://www.amarujala.com/lucknow/bashindey/businessman-mohammad-badar-expresses-worry-about-event-management-industry-due-to-corona-pandemic|title=लखनऊ के बिजनेसमैन मोहम्मद बदर ने कोरोना काल में इवेंट मैनेजरों के लिए जताई चिंता, कहा- "क्या पूरा हो पाएगा युवाओं का सपना"|website=Amar Ujala}}

*{{Cite web|url=https://www.mid-day.com/lifestyle/health-&-fitness/article/Organic-Beauty-Busting-Myths-about-Natural-Personal-Care-Products-22990285?infinite-scroll=1|title=Busting Myths about Organic Beauty|website= Mid Day}}

==External links==
*[https://mohdbadar.com/| Official Website]
*{{Facebook|mohd.badar.963 | Mohd Badar}}
*{{Twitter|badar84|Mohd Badar}}
*{{Instagram|badar.emagination| Mohd Badar}}

[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1987 births]]
[[Category:Entrepreneurs]]

User talk:WikiDwarf

2021-07-08T09:36:47Z

Wandererkanishk: /* Protection Of Wikipedia Article */ new section

{{User talk}}

== Issue with Notice ==

Hi, I have joined wikipedia India just today. I noticed some buggy notice coming up in misaligned manner. Just wanted to let you know about this. I can appreciate the initiative and I found only you to be doing most of the administrative works as of now here, so thought to drop a message. --[[User:Guy|Guy]] ([[User talk:Guy|talk]]) 15:51, 22 September 2020 (IST)

:Hello and welcome to Bharatpedia, can you be more specific what buggy notice coming up so I can look up at? Thanks for notifying and happy editing. [[User:WikiDwarf|WikiDwarf]] ([[User talk:WikiDwarf#top|talk]]) 16:12, 22 September 2020 (IST)

== Spamming ==

I found a number of new users using their user space for link spamming. So I reverted those. Hope it was fine to do so. Please let me know if it is otherwise.

{| style="border: 1px solid gray; background-color: #fdffe7;"
|rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:middle;" | [[File:Admin Barnstar.png|100px]]
|rowspan="2" |
|style="font-size: x-large; padding: 0; vertical-align: middle; height: 1.1em;" | '''The Admin's Barnstar'''
|-
|style="vertical-align: middle; border-top: 1px solid gray;" | You are doing a great work. Keep going. [[User:Kannadaguy|Kannadaguy]] ([[User talk:Kannadaguy|talk]]) 17:34, 6 October 2020 (IST)
|}

== The Reviewer Barnstar ==

{| style="border: 1px solid gray; background-color: #fdffe7;"
|rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:middle;" | {{#ifeq:{{{2}}}|alt|[[File:Reviewer Barnstar Hires.png|100px]]|[[File:Barnstar-RTFM.png|100px]]}}
|rowspan="2" |
|style="font-size: x-large; padding: 0; vertical-align: middle; height: 1.1em;" | '''The Reviewer Barnstar'''
|-
|style="vertical-align: middle; border-top: 1px solid gray;" | Thanks for review [[User:Kannadaguy|Kannadaguy]] ([[User talk:Kannadaguy|talk]]) 17:42, 6 October 2020 (IST)
|}

== How to submit the article ==

I have created the article help me in submitting the article — Preceding [[Bharatpedia:Signatures|unsigned]] comment added by [[User:Digitalpivot30|Digitalpivot30]] ([[User talk:Digitalpivot30#top|talk]] • [[Special:Contributions/Digitalpivot30|contribs]]) 

:{{re|Digitalpivot30}} Hello and welcome, please start a new page in the [[Bharatpedia:Drafts#Creating and editing drafts|draft namespace]] and once it's ready for the mainspace please submit it for a review by placing the {{tl|submit}} template at the top of the page. Thanks - [[User:WikiDwarf|WikiDwarf]] ([[User talk:WikiDwarf#top|talk]]) 15:12, 27 November 2020 (IST)
Sure thanks — Preceding [[Bharatpedia:Signatures|unsigned]] comment added by [[User:Digitalpivot30|Digitalpivot30]] ([[User talk:Digitalpivot30#top|talk]] • [[Special:Contributions/Digitalpivot30|contribs]]) 
Have edited & summited the draft..

How to disclose the paid contribution?

== Review of article ==

Hello, can you please review my article [[Shalkal]] and delete the page [[Draft:Shalkal Carty]]. --[[User:Guy|Guy]] ([[User talk:Guy|talk]]) 22:07, 3 December 2020 (IST)

== Thanks for creating article of Mukesh Ambani bomb scare case ==

Thank you. [[User:Subhash Rama|Subhash Rama]] ([[User talk:Subhash Rama|talk]]) 11:15, 22 March 2021 (IST)

== Article creation ==

Hi, why can't I create new page about person? [[User:Rehan|Rehan]] ([[User talk:Rehan|talk]]) 16:24, 10 April 2021 (IST)
:Hello {{re|Rehan}} and welcome! As I can see your account hasn't reached the [[Bharatpedia:Autoconfirmed users|autoconfirmed]] level yet so you won't be able to create a page in the main namespace, but you can create an article in the draft namespace using the [[Bharatpedia:Article wizard|article wizard]] and submit it for a review by placing <code><nowiki>{{subst:submit}}</nowiki></code> at the top of the article once it's ready. Please see [[Bharatpedia:Articles for creation]] for more and let me know if you need any help. Happy editing. [[User:WikiDwarf|WikiDwarf]] ([[User talk:WikiDwarf#top|talk]]) 16:48, 10 April 2021 (IST)
::Thanks for your response. I have created the draft [[Draft:Syed_Falak]] now I need to add image. How can I add?
[[User:Rehan|Rehan]] ([[User talk:WikiDwarf#top|talk]]) 17:12, 10 April 2021 (UTC)

== Question ==

Hi, thank you so much for your help. I want to know are you an admin in this Wikipedia? [[User:Rehan|Rehan]] ([[User talk:Rehan|talk]]) 01:19, 13 April 2021 (IST)
:{{re|Rehan}} Hello Rehan, yes I'm an admin here. Please let me know if you need any help. [[User:WikiDwarf|WikiDwarf]] ([[User talk:WikiDwarf#top|talk]]) 08:35, 13 April 2021 (IST)

== Please approve my page ==

Hello sir, i created a page can you approve? thanks — Preceding [[Bharatpedia:Signatures|unsigned]] comment added by [[User:Ajay Kumar|Ajay Kumar]] ([[User talk:Ajay Kumar#top|talk]] • [[Special:Contributions/Ajay Kumar|contribs]]) 18:47, 19 April 2021 (IST) (UTC)
:{{re|Ajay Kumar}} I have moved the page to main namespace after some improvements in sources and added some categories. The subject looks notable so please try to add some more sources. Happy editing, [[User:WikiDwarf|WikiDwarf]] ([[User talk:WikiDwarf#top|talk]]) 19:23, 19 April 2021 (IST)
Thank you sir. I added more details with source. [[User:Ajay Kumar|Ajay Kumar]] ([[User talk:Ajay Kumar|talk]]) 19:29, 19 April 2021 (IST)
==A curious query==
Hello Wiki Dwarf! I am an old user in English Wikipedia. When I tried to log in here with the same account and password, it failed. Btw, my queries are: 1) Is this wikipedia a part of Wikimedia sister projects? 2) Sometimes, I found some articles, though not original of here (I mean they seems to be imported from the simple English wikipedia), does this mean that all the articles are imported? 3) Can I create my user account here and at the same time, can I create original articles here? Though articles with similar names exist in the en wikipedia?
[[Special:Contributions/47.29.19.238|47.29.19.238]] ([[User talk:47.29.19.238|talk]]) 00:04, 8 May 2021 (IST)
:{{re|47.29.19.238}} Hello there, Bharatpedia is an independent platform (please see [[Bharatpedia:General disclaimer]]) so you won't be able to login using your Wikipedia account details, but you may create a new account under the same username. Account creation is not required in order to read or edit this site, but if you wish to create new articles you can sign up with a new account and can create articles on notable topics, no matter if the particular article exists on Wikipedia under the same or similar name. Some articles here are imported from Wikipedia and you may notice a disclosure at the end of each page such as [[Achappam]] and if you can't find such disclosure, you can add one by placing <code><nowiki>{{en-Wikipedia}}</nowiki></code> at the end of the article. Thank you. [[User:WikiDwarf|WikiDwarf]] ([[User talk:WikiDwarf#top|talk]]) 00:36, 8 May 2021 (IST)
:::Finally, I read the article you cited. Next, 4) Is it mandatory for me to create my new user account here with the exactly same username from the wikipedia org? Next, 5) Do I need special permission to edit, create an article here? 6) Like wikipedia, can I perform edits here normally? 7) Can I import article from the wikipedia? For that, do I need special rights or powers here? I mean all these in good faith. And I have a strong desire to have my service here. [[Special:Contributions/47.29.19.238|47.29.19.238]] ([[User talk:47.29.19.238|talk]]) 00:59, 8 May 2021 (IST)
::::{{re|47.29.19.238}} No it's not mandatory to create a new account with exactly the same user name on Wikipedia, it's your choice if you wish to keep both accounts under the same username. You don't need special user rights to edit pages on this site, but several actions including article creation in the main namespace are restricted to user accounts that are at least 4 days old and have made at least 10 edits. The use of the tool to import pages is only limited to admins, patrollers and extended-confirmed users, but a user without these rights can still import pages manually. [[User:WikiDwarf|WikiDwarf]] ([[User talk:WikiDwarf#top|talk]]) 01:17, 8 May 2021 (IST)

== Talk back notice ==

Hello brother! I have a talk back for you in my talk page. Besides, I want to know something from you. Is this wikipedia still have connection with Wikimedia Commons and translate wiki? I saw this very wikipedia supports some Manipuri language technical version. Next, does this wikipedia also have multiple language wiki versions? SonOfZeus 10:48, 9 May 2021 (IST)

:{{re|SonOfZeus}} Hello and welcome! this is an independent platform unrelated to the Wikimedia Foundation and is currently only available in the English language. [[User:WikiDwarf|WikiDwarf]] ([[User talk:WikiDwarf#top|talk]]) 10:54, 9 May 2021 (IST)

::Brother! Can I create my sandbox here in this wiki too? And, where shall I see the number of articles of this wiki? And, about the list of active users, if I want to see! And lastly, does this wiki also follow the INDIC SCRIPT policy of English wikipedia? SonOfZeus 18:46, 9 May 2021 (IST)

::And, another thing, can I create a draft page and how should I start that? SonOfZeus 18:49, 9 May 2021 (IST)
:::Yes you can experience in your sandbox. The number of articles you can see on the main page and unfortunately the list of active users is only limited to sysops. To create a draft you can visit [[Bharatpedia:Article wizard]]. [[User:WikiDwarf|WikiDwarf]] ([[User talk:WikiDwarf#top|talk]]) 10:12, 10 May 2021 (IST)
::::And lastly, does Indic script policy also apply here? SonOfZeus 18:29, 10 May 2021 (IST)
:::::No, you can use the Indic script in the lead and infobox to address the name of the subject. [[User:WikiDwarf|WikiDwarf]] ([[User talk:WikiDwarf#top|talk]]) 19:30, 10 May 2021 (IST)
:::::: Thank you. SonOfZeus 20:55, 11 May 2021 (IST)
::{{Ping|WikiDwarf}} Hello WikiDwarf, I don't find any user with your name in English wikipedia. Are you there in English wikipedia? If yes, may I know what is your username there? If that affects your privacy, then I am sorry. Else, please tell me.
::And another thing, can I request you for importing articles from wikipedia? SonOfZeus 12:30, 12 May 2021 (IST)
:::Sure you can list the articles [[Bharatpedia:Requested articles|on this page]]. [[User:WikiDwarf|WikiDwarf]] ([[User talk:WikiDwarf#top|talk]]) 19:40, 12 May 2021 (IST)
::::But sir, I don't find any link to go to any particular page where I can write the name of the article which I want to request for import.(1) Could you please show me the link for the page where I could write the request? (2) At the same, if I could personally request you at your talk page, please import [[Meitei deities]] and [[List of figures in Meitei mythology]] from simple English Wikipedia. SonOfZeus 11:57, 13 May 2021 (IST)

::::::Thank you for pointing it out. I have created a button that will take you to the request page and also imported the two pages you requested above. [[User:WikiDwarf|WikiDwarf]] ([[User talk:WikiDwarf#top|talk]]) 19:50, 13 May 2021 (IST)
:: But sir, (1) [[Meitei deities]] is a redirect page of another page. The main page is not imported yet from Simple English Wikipedia. (2) How many articles can I request at a time? Is there any limitation of number of articles at a single request? (3) If something gets changed in the article at general wikipedia, will it's imported equivalent article in this wikipedia get affected? For example, an article "x" has been deleted in general wiki, what about its equivalent article "x" in this wiki? SonOfZeus 10:55, 14 May 2021 (IST)
:::I have imported its corresponding article please see [[List of Meitei gods and goddesses]]. You can request as many articles as you wish as there is no limit. If an article is changed or deleted on Wikipedia it will not automatically affect its copy on Bharatpedia so one need to update the particular article manually. [[User:WikiDwarf|WikiDwarf]] ([[User talk:WikiDwarf#top|talk]]) 12:02, 14 May 2021 (IST)
:::: Thank you sir. And, one thing is that can a page be created or imported by anonymous users? I saw [[Irai Leima]] being imported by an anonymous. Is that a vandalism? As you are a check user also, what do you see. Who's that? SonOfZeus 13:27, 14 May 2021 (IST)
:::::No, that article was imported using the tool by an admin and the most recent revision was included so that's the reason [[Irai Leima]] looks like created/imported by anon. [[User:WikiDwarf|WikiDwarf]] ([[User talk:WikiDwarf#top|talk]]) 14:06, 14 May 2021 (IST)
:::::I have imported all the articles as per your request at [[Bharatpedia:Requested articles/requests]], please place <code><nowiki>{{simple-Wikipedia}}</nowiki></code> at the end of each article to avoid copyright issue. [[User:WikiDwarf|WikiDwarf]] ([[User talk:WikiDwarf#top|talk]]) 14:32, 14 May 2021 (IST)
::::::Sure, sir! I will do as soon as possible. Thanks! I have more request in the page. Please import those too. SonOfZeus 15:08, 14 May 2021 (IST)
::Thanks for those import! And one thing, (1) I am trying my best to put the "simple English wikipedia template " at the bottom of every imported article. But if I missed some, will there be assured chance of facing copyright issues? (2) In case of edits performed by myself in the general wikipedia, can I directly copy and paste those here? SonOfZeus 20:08, 14 May 2021 (IST)
::(3) The page [[Khamba Thoibi]] has a very important long infobox and some wiki tables in the [[:en:Khamba Thoibi]] (general English wikipedia). Can we import those partially here? SonOfZeus 20:10, 14 May 2021 (IST)
:::I don't see any issue if you wish to directly copy and paste your edits from Wikipedia, but it still needs a disclosure at the end of the page. I have imported the contents from [[:en:Khamba Thoibi]] into [[Khamba Thoibi]] please let me know if there is anything else I can do. [[User:WikiDwarf|WikiDwarf]] ([[User talk:WikiDwarf#top|talk]]) 23:35, 14 May 2021 (IST)
:: Hello brother! (1) In the main page of the Bharatpedia, some names of religions are given. Could you add [[Sanamahism]] also? SonOfZeus 22:37, 15 May 2021 (IST)
:::Done. [[User:WikiDwarf|WikiDwarf]] ([[User talk:WikiDwarf#top|talk]]) 01:47, 16 May 2021 (IST)
::(2) Please create infobox religion. (3) Please create Template:Lang-zh_TW (language template for traditional Chinese) and Template:Lang-zh_CN (language template for simplified Chinese). SonOfZeus 23:46, 15 May 2021 (IST)
:::Please use [[:Template:Infobox religious group]] instead of Infobox religion and for the traditional Chinese, please use <code><nowiki>{{Lang-zh|t=中國}}</nowiki></code> and <code><nowiki>{{Lang-zh|s=中国}}</nowiki></code> for simplified Chinese. [[User:WikiDwarf|WikiDwarf]] ([[User talk:WikiDwarf#top|talk]]) 01:47, 16 May 2021 (IST)
::::{{Ping|WikiDwarf}} Sir! (1) I have new import request. Please see. (2) I have more than 500 edits. So, I think I am extended confirmed user now. Could you please grant me the right of importer to me? What special steps are needed for importing? If possible, please teach me. SonOfZeus 20:16, 18 May 2021 (IST)
:::::Your account has not yet reached the extendedconfirmed level. A registered editor becomes extendedconfirmed automatically when the account is both at least 30 days old and has made at least 500 edits (including deleted edits) so, I will take a look at the list and import as much as possible. [[User:WikiDwarf|WikiDwarf]] ([[User talk:WikiDwarf#top|talk]]) 15:30, 21 May 2021 (IST)
::Sir, I have new requests in the request page for import. BTW, due to multiplicity of the articles, I can't put square brackets in every title of the requested article. Please don't mind. Hope you will adjust them easily. At the same time, I will try my best. SonOfZeus 21:50, 4 June 2021 (IST)
:::Hello Sir! As my user account is 1 month old, could you grant me the importer right? If possible, it will definitely help me and you. I might no longer disturb you by requesting exhaustive list of articles for import! SonOfZeus 14:22, 7 June 2021 (IST)
::::{{reply|SonOfZeus}} Please attach an email id to your account so I can grant you the importer right and share instructions. [[User:WikiDwarf|WikiDwarf]] ([[User talk:WikiDwarf#top|talk]]) 18:06, 8 June 2021 (IST)
:::::{{re|WikiDwarf}}(1) Brother! I have attached the email id. Now, please share me the instructions. SonOfZeus 16:36, 2 July 2021 (IST)
::::::(2) And why we're those list of requested articles removed? SonOfZeus 12:18, 3 July 2021 (IST)
:::::::{{reply|SonOfZeus}} Thank you for attaching your email address, I will soon send you the instructions. The page ([[Bharatpedia:Requested articles/requests‎‎]]) was converted to an article by a couple of users but their edits have been reverted and the list is visible now. [[User:WikiDwarf|WikiDwarf]] ([[User talk:WikiDwarf#top|talk]]) 12:40, 3 July 2021 (IST)
:::::::: I received your email, but I think I am still not getting any instruction about how to import an article from the general wikipedia run by Wikimedia Foundation to this Bharatpedia. May I get that, bro! I am eager to learn that! And thank you for all those useful links you send me, those will also help me in future. SonOfZeus 13:23, 3 July 2021 (IST)
:::::::::That might be one of some other automatic emails. I have not yet sent you the instructions to use the import tool, once I do, I will notify you on your talk page. [[User:WikiDwarf|WikiDwarf]] ([[User talk:WikiDwarf#top|talk]]) 13:33, 3 July 2021 (IST)

== Issue in Reviewing ==
([[User:Pixerark|Pixerark]]) Hello editor, I'm New user of Bharatpedia.My published two articles are still in review. will you please explain me review submission process please ? & when my articles will be reviewed ?

== Revert Rights ==
[[User:WikiDwarf|WikiDwarf]] hello,i had requested you to tell me about how to submit article drafts in afc after 10+ edits but someone demotes my user right will you please revert it...because of this my direct page move option is not appearing please do promote me again so i can move page.Thank You.Waiting For Your Response(-[[User:Pixerark|Pixerark]] ([[User talk:Pixerark|talk]]) 22:16, 14 May 2021 (IST))
:Please see my reply on your talk page. [[User:WikiDwarf|WikiDwarf]] ([[User talk:WikiDwarf#top|talk]]) 23:36, 14 May 2021 (IST)

== Index ==

Hi, I created page many days ago and it is still not visible in Google search results. Please review [[Reza Abbaszadeh]] page and index it. Thank you! [[User:Rehan|Rehan]] ([[User talk:Rehan|talk]]) 22:49, 17 May 2021 (IST)

== Please approve my page ==

Hello sir, I created a page can you please approve? thanks

== Review Timeline ==

Hi {{u|WikiDwarf}}, I am planning to introduce a good amount of fashion and film people articles to this place. I have auto petrol rights in English Wikipedia so I know what I am doing. I just want to know, what are the indexing/review timelines here. This is just for a better understanding of the process. [[User:Kingfisher|Kingfisher]] ([[User talk:Kingfisher|talk]]) 14:50, 29 May 2021 (IST)
:Hello {{re|Kingfisher}} and thank you for your interest. First of all, there is no fixed timeline for the review process since we have very few reviewers at the moment. Secondly, I will be glad to grant you the same user right(s) that you have on Wikipedia if you can share the details for verification purpose. If you don't want to disclose it publicly for any reason you can mail me. [[User:WikiDwarf|WikiDwarf]] ([[User talk:WikiDwarf#top|talk]]) 15:35, 29 May 2021 (IST)
:: Here is my user rights screen in en.wikipedia.org. https://tinyurl . com/ykxumuxm. I can't reveal my username because Wiki people keep an eye on everywhere. I find it risky. You can give me the rights for a temporary period and see the work or you may wait. Whatever it is, I am feeling excited about this project. The opportunities are endless. [[User:Kingfisher|Kingfisher]] ([[User talk:Kingfisher|talk]]) 17:14, 30 May 2021 (IST)
:::That is totally fine if you don't want to disclose it publicly. Can you attach an email id to your account here so I can share some details? Thank you. [[User:WikiDwarf|WikiDwarf]] ([[User talk:WikiDwarf#top|talk]]) 18:06, 30 May 2021 (IST)
::::That sounds good. I did that. [[User:Kingfisher|Kingfisher]] ([[User talk:Kingfisher|talk]]) 01:03, 31 May 2021 (IST)

== User Rights ==
Hey there, I just saw you changed my user rights to confirmed and later again removed that. I would request you to kindly update my user rights to confirmed. Thank you -- [[User:Plts|Plts]] ([[User talk:Plts|talk]]) 16:08, 30 May 2021 (IST)
:Hello {{u|Plts}}, you already have confirmed status. Please verify it by visiting [[Special:UserRights]]. [[User:WikiDwarf|WikiDwarf]] ([[User talk:WikiDwarf#top|talk]]) 18:12, 30 May 2021 (IST)
::{{reply to|WikiDwarf}} Thanks for the information. Happy editing. - [[User:Plts|Plts]] ([[User talk:Plts|talk]]) 14:50, 31 May 2021 (IST)

== Will making a page here interrupt with Wikipedia English ? ==

I want to know if same article with same name gets made here and wiki English Will there be copyright or interruption cuz the two pages Under same name? [[User:Positivesoul|Positivesoul]] ([[User talk:Positivesoul|talk]]) 10:06, 1 June 2021 (IST)
:Hello {{u|Positivesoul}}, In order to reuse contents from one site to another, you need to provide attribution. This is done by either saying in your edit summary that the material was copied, and where you got it. There will be no interruption in creating two pages under the same name. [[User:WikiDwarf|WikiDwarf]] ([[User talk:WikiDwarf#top|talk]]) 13:49, 2 June 2021 (IST)

== can you approve this page ? let me know if it qualifies==
https://en.wikipedia.ind.in/wiki/Draft:Emma_Jonnz

Hi sir, I have no conflict of interest with this person. he is a famous youtube in west Bengal. And he got a gold play button from youtube

== Draft Request ==
Hey [[User:WikiDwarf]], I just saw my article was deleted by you under criteria A7. I just read what it means, I would request you to provide me a draft for article [[Piyush Monga]] so that I can improve it. Also, please suggest some improvements to my first article [[Youth Against Rape]]. Thank you soo much for your help. Happy editing -- [[User:Plts|Plts]] ([[User talk:Plts|talk]]) 17:00, 8 June 2021 (IST)
:{{re|Plts}} {{done}}. I have restored the article in the draft namespace as per your request above. [[User:WikiDwarf|WikiDwarf]] ([[User talk:WikiDwarf#top|talk]]) 17:43, 8 June 2021 (IST)
::{{re|WikiDwarf}} Thank you. Happy editing. - [[User:Plts|Plts]] ([[User talk:Plts|talk]]) 14:23, 9 June 2021 (IST)

== Draft: Bhupesh Bansal ==

Hello, I submitted a draft. Please check and approve it if it is well.

Thank you.

== Asking a Favour ==
Hello [[User:WikiDwarf]] I am a Wikipedia editor from the northern part of the country and I also create articles related to Nepal. is it legal to create articles about people from Nepal or any other country? I have created more than 25 articles on English [[Wikipedia]](directly on namespace) and more than 20 of them got reviewed and are live on the wiki but unfortunately, 5 of them got deleted. I will be happily contributing on [[Bharatpedia]] as well if provided the required access, also I agree to all your terms and conditions if found violating any of them you are free to take the required action. --[[User:Mailblog34|Mailblog34]] ([[User talk:Mailblog34|talk]]) 08:00, 17 June 2021 (IST)

:Hello {{u|Mailblog34}} and welcome to Bharatpedia. There are no restrictions on creating articles on any topic but the subject must be notable enough to have an independent article. Since your account has not yet reached the autoconfirmed status I would suggest you create new articles in the draft namespace and once your account is autoconfirmed (i.e. four days old and you've made ten edits) then you will be able to move/create articles directly in the main namespace. If you need any help please let me know. Happy editing. [[User:WikiDwarf|WikiDwarf]] ([[User talk:WikiDwarf#top|talk]]) 09:01, 17 June 2021 (IST)
* Hello [[User:WikiDwarf]] i am already four days old and made more than 30 edits but still did not get option of "create the pge" , and did not get option to move pages . Help me out on my limited access .--[[User:Mailblog34|Mailblog34]] ([[User talk:Mailblog34|talk]]) 23:19, 19 June 2021 (IST)
::{{re|Mailblog34}} Your account was registered on 16 June 2021 at 09:45 (IST) so please wait for one more day and your account will be autoconfirmed. [[User:WikiDwarf|WikiDwarf]] ([[User talk:WikiDwarf#top|talk]]) 23:26, 19 June 2021 (IST)

== Vandalism ==

Hello sir. Somebody is keep vandalizing [[Harish Pednekar]] please lock the page from spammers. [[Special:Contributions/206.84.238.118|206.84.238.118]] ([[User talk:206.84.238.118|talk]]) 17:40, 25 June 2021 (IST)

== Draft Request ==

Hi [[User:WikiDwarf]], Could you please review this article [[Draft:Fuad Al-Qrize]], link: https://en.wikipedia.ind.in/wiki/User:Alialfaisal/sandbox ,Thank You.--[[User:Alialfaisal|Alialfaisal]] ([[User talk:Alialfaisal|talk]]) 17:56, 28 June 2021 (IST)

* My dear [[User:WikiDwarf]], Sources have been added to the article, I can supplement them with additional sources if you wish, [[Draft:Fuad Al-Qrize]] I hope to review. Thank you. --[[User:Alialfaisal|Alialfaisal]] ([[User talk:Alialfaisal|talk]]) 18:26, 1 July 2021 (IST)

* My dear [[User:WikiDwarf]], I did not understand why the article was not approved, even though I added several news sources in it and can supplement it with additional sources?--[[User:Alialfaisal|Alialfaisal]] ([[User talk:Alialfaisal|talk]]) 19:21, 3 July 2021 (IST)

== I requested that add me admin on Bharatpedia. ==

I will be work forever to wikipedia. Please add me admin group member in Bharat wikipedia.
[[User:Hembram Bakhul|Hembram Bakhul]] ([[User talk:Hembram Bakhul|talk]]) 12:09, 29 June 2021 (IST)Hembram Bakhul

== Kindly clear the pending DRAFT ASAP. ==

Hi, kindly Clear the pending draft asap so that a contributor like me gets the motivation to contribute more too this open and neutral place. [[User:Marvel|Marvel]][[User talk:Marvel|(talk)]]

== How to upload image ==

Hi WikiDwarf. I am User:VF814324. I am new here. How can I upload an Image with CC-BY-SA license? Wher to upload ? When I click on 'Upload file' button, it brings me to Wikimedia commons. Can I publish file locally on Bharatpedia? [[User:VF814324|VF814324]] ([[User talk:VF814324|talk]]) 13:45, 3 July 2021 (IST)
:Hello {{u|VF814324}} and welcome to Bharatpedia! Unfortunately uploading images locally is only limited to sysops at the moment so you can send the image along with its copyright permission to permission@bharatmedia.org. Happy editing, [[User:WikiDwarf|WikiDwarf]] ([[User talk:WikiDwarf#top|talk]]) 12:04, 4 July 2021 (IST)
:: Thanks, I've mailed as you said. [[User:VF814324|VF814324]] ([[User talk:VF814324|talk]]) 17:59, 7 July 2021 (IST)

== AFC Submission cleaned? ==
Hey there, I hope you're doing well. I'm writing to get your attention on an error I faced.
[[Draft:Sunil ydv SS]], a draft(stub) that I created and submitted around a month ago to AFC. Now, when I see, the AFC tag has disappeared and no reason is shown for this. I would request you to kindly check this issue as well as review this draft as I believe it qualifies [[Bharatpedia:Notability]]. Thank you & happy editing - [[User:Plts|Plts]] ([[User talk:Plts|talk]]) 13:56, 5 July 2021 (IST)
:The same error occurred on another draft that I created [[Draft:Piyush Monga]], the AFC tag has been removed and no reason is shown. I would request you to kindly review this draft too. Thank you & happy editing. - [[User:Plts|Plts]] ([[User talk:Plts|talk]]) 18:50, 5 July 2021 (IST)
::{{re|Plts}} The tags were removed by user [[User:Hembram_Bakhul|Hembram Bakhul]] at the time they moved both pages to the main namespace, but I have restored the tags on both drafts. [[User:WikiDwarf|WikiDwarf]] ([[User talk:WikiDwarf#top|talk]]) 19:02, 5 July 2021 (IST)
:::{{re|WikiDwarf}} Thank you.

== Copyright issue ==

hey [[User:WikiDwarf|WikiDwarf]] a user - [[User:Hembram_Bakhul|Hembram Bakhul]] is copying the articles and pasting them here from English Wikipedia without any edits, just informing you as it may violate copyright. Ignore if it doesn't violate copyright policy. --[[User:Mailblog34|Mailblog34]] ([[User talk:Mailblog34|talk]]) 21:51, 7 July 2021 (IST)

== Photo upload ==

Hi i want to upload photo but when I click on upload it take me to wikimedia which is wikipedia portal will you please guide me on it. --[[User:HamzhaSaleem|HamzhaSaleem]] ([[User talk:HamzhaSaleem|talk]]) 12:58, 8 July 2021 (IST)

== Protection Of Wikipedia Article ==

How to add protection to articles so as to stop dispute and vandalism. 
[[User:Wandererkanishk|Wandererkanishk]] ([[User talk:Wandererkanishk|talk]])

16th Lok Sabha

2021-07-07T18:23:07Z

Wandererkanishk: Created page with "{{short description|16th Lok Sabha, India}} {{Use Indian English|date=May 2019}} {{Use dmy dates|date=December 2020}} {{Politics of India}} Members of the '''16th Lok Sabha..."

{{short description|16th Lok Sabha, India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2019}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2020}}
{{Politics of India}}

Members of the '''16th [[Lok Sabha]]''' were elected during the [[2014 Indian general election]]. The elections were conducted in 9 phases from 7 April 2014 to 12 May 2014 by the [[Election Commission of India]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main1/current/Press%20Note%20GE-2014_05032014.pdf|title=General Elections – 2014 : Schedule of Elections|format=PDF|date= 5 March 2014|access-date=5 March 2014}}</ref> The results of the election were declared on 16 May 2014.
{{Infobox legislative term
| name = 16th Lok Sabha
| image = New Delhi government block 03-2016 img3.jpg
| image_size =
| caption = [[Parliament House (India)|Sansad Bhavan]], [[Sansad Marg]], [[New Delhi]], [[India]]
| body = [[Indian Parliament]]
| election = [[2014 Indian general election]]
| before = [[15th Lok Sabha]]
| after = ''[[17th Lok Sabha]]''
}}
The [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (of the [[National Democratic Alliance (India)|NDA]]) achieved an absolute majority with 282 seats out of 543, 166 seats more than in the previous [[15th Lok Sabha]]. Its PM candidate [[Narendra Modi]] took office on 26 May 2014 as the 14th prime minister of India. The first session was convened from 4 to 11 June 2014.<ref>{{cite news|title=First Session of 16th Lok Sabha scheduled from June 4 to 11 |url=http://news.biharprabha.com/2014/05/first-session-of-16th-lok-sabha-scheduled-from-june-4-to-11/|work=IANS|publisher=news.biharprabha.com|access-date=30 May 2014}}</ref>

There was no leader of the opposition in the 16th Lok Sabha as the [[Indian Parliament]] rules state that a party in the Lok Sabha must have at least 10% (55) of the total seats (545) to be considered the opposition party. The [[Indian National Congress]] (of the [[United Progressive Alliance|UPA]]) could only manage 44 seats, while the [[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]] party from [[Tamil Nadu]] came a close third with 37 seats. [[Mallikarjun Kharge]] was declared the leader of the Indian National Congress in the [[Lok Sabha]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/national/Kharge-to-lead-Congress-in-Lok-Sabha/article20790965.ece|title=Kharge to lead Congress in Lok Sabha|first=Our|last=Bureau|work=@businessline|access-date=29 December 2020}}</ref>

Five sitting members from [[Rajya Sabha]], the Upper House of Indian Parliament, were elected to 16th Lok Sabha after the [[2014 Indian general election]].<ref name="rs">{{cite web|title=Bye - elections to the Council of State s from various States |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main1/current/PN27_27052014.pdf|publisher=ECI, New Delhi|access-date= 24 October 2017}}</ref>

The ''pro-tem'' Speaker [[Kamal Nath]] was administered oath on 4 June 2014<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/lok-sabha-pro-tem-speaker-kamal-nath-parliament-195667-2014-06-04|title=Pro tem Speaker: All you need to know about this parliamentary post|first1=Akash Deep |last1=Ashok|date=4 June 2014|work=India Today|access-date=29 December 2020}}</ref> & presided over the election of the [[Speaker of the Lok Sabha]]. [[Sumitra Mahajan]] was elected as its Speaker on 6 June 2014<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Sumitra-Mahajan-elected-Lok-Sabha-Speaker/articleshow/36136781.cms|title=Sumitra Mahajan elected Lok Sabha Speaker | India News - Times of India|work=The Times of India|access-date=29 December 2020}}</ref> and would remain in office until the day before the first sitting of the [[17th Lok Sabha]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://speakerloksabha.nic.in/roleofthespeaker.asp|title=The Office of Speaker Lok Sabha|website=speakerloksabha.nic.in|access-date=29 December 2020}}</ref> [[M. Thambidurai|M Thambidurai]] was elected as [[Deputy Speaker of the Lok Sabha|Deputy Speaker]] on 13 August 2014.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.rediff.com/news/report/thambidurai-unanimously-elected-lok-sabha-deputy-speaker/20140813.htm|title=Thambidurai unanimously elected Lok Sabha deputy speaker|work=Rediff|access-date=29 December 2020}}</ref>

==Members==
{{Main|List of members of the 16th Lok Sabha}}
[[File:House of the People, India, 2014.svg|thumb|300px|right|Seat distribution in the 16th Lok Sabha]]
* '''[[Speaker of the Lok Sabha|Speaker]]:''' [[Sumitra Mahajan]], [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
* '''[[Deputy Speaker of the Lok Sabha|Deputy Speaker]]:''' [[M. Thambidurai]], [[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|AIADMK]]
* '''[[Secretary General of the Lok Sabha|Secretary-General]]:''' [[Snehlata Shrivastava]]
* '''[[Leader of the House (Lok Sabha)|Leader of the House]]:''' [[Narendra Modi]], [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
* '''[[Leader of the Opposition (India)|Leader of the Opposition]]:''' Vacant, as no opposition party received more than 10% of the total seats.

===Party-wise Distribution of Seats===
Following 36 political parties were represented in 16th Lok Sabha:<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://164.100.47.194/loksabha/Members/PartyWiseStatisticalList.aspx|title=Members : Lok Sabha|website=164.100.47.194}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! colspan=2|Party !! Abbr. !! Seats !! Leader in Lok Sabha
|-
| bgcolor={{Bharatiya Janata Party/meta/color}}| || align=left|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]] || align=left|BJP || 282 || [[Narendra Modi]]
|-
| bgcolor={{Indian National Congress/meta/color}}| || align=left|[[Indian National Congress]] || align=left|INC || 44
|| [[Mallikarjun Kharge]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india/rahul-ducks-kharge-to-lead-congress-in-lok-sabha/story-eMCxupdd8sDrX1YyTjCr0O.html|title=Rahul ducks, Kharge to lead Congress in Lok Sabha|date=2 June 2014|website=Hindustan Times}}</ref>
|-
| bgcolor={{All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam/meta/color}}| || align=left|[[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]] || align=left|AIADMK || 37 || [[Ponnusamy Venugopal]] / [[M. Thambidurai]]<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/venugopal-to-become-aiadmk-leader-in-ls/article6327805.ece|title=Venugopal to become AIADMK leader in LS|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|date=18 August 2014|access-date=19 August 2014|author=L. Renganathan}}</ref>
|-
| bgcolor={{All India Trinamool Congress/meta/color}}| || align=left|[[All India Trinamool Congress]] || align=left|AITC || 33 || [[Sudip Bandyopadhyay]]<ref>{{cite web | url=http://zeenews.india.com/news/general-elections-2014/sudip-bandopadhyay-to-be-tmc-party-leader-in-lok-sabha_932939.html | title=Sudip Bandopadhyay to be TMC party leader in Lok Sabha | publisher=[[Zee News]] | place=Kolkata| date=18 May 2014| access-date=23 May 2014}}</ref>
|-
| bgcolor={{Biju Janata Dal/meta/color}}| || align=left|[[Biju Janata Dal]] || align=left|BJD || 18 || [[Bhartruhari Mahtab]]
|-
| bgcolor={{Shiv Sena/meta/color}}| || align=left|[[Shiv Sena]] || align=left|SS || 18 || [[Anant Geete]]<ref>{{cite news | url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-others/sena-mps-saffron-flag-atop-red-fort-remark-invites-opposition-ire/ | title=Sena MP’s ‘saffron flag atop Red Fort’ remark invites Opposition ire | newspaper=[[Indian Express]] | date=11 June 2014 | access-date=11 June 2014}}</ref>
|-
| bgcolor={{Telugu Desam Party/meta/color}}| || align=left|[[Telugu Desam Party]] || align=left|TDP || 15
|| [[Thota Narasimham]]<ref>{{cite news|url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2014-06-04/news/50329745_1_deputy-leader-party-member-rajya-sabha|title=Satyanarayana Chowdary named TDP Parliamentary Party leader|newspaper=[[The Economic Times]]|date=4 June 2014|access-date=11 June 2014}}</ref>
|-
| bgcolor={{Telangana Rashtra Samithi/meta/color}}| || align=left|[[Telangana Rashtra Samithi]] || align=left|TRS || 10 ||[[A. P. Jithender Reddy]]<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/telangana/jitender-reddy-to-lead-trs-mps-in-ls/article6079351.ece|title=Jitender Reddy to lead TRS MPs in LS |place=Hyderabad|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|date=3 June 2014|access-date=11 June 2014}}</ref>
|-
| bgcolor={{Communist Party of India (Marxist)/meta/color}}| || align=left|[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]] || align=left|CPI(M) || 9 || [[P. Karunakaran]]
|-
| bgcolor={{Samajwadi Party/meta/color}}| || align=left|[[Samajwadi Party]] || align=left|SP || 7 || [[Mulayam Singh Yadav]]
|-
| bgcolor={{Lok Janshakti Party/meta/color}}| || align=left|[[Lok Janshakti Party]] || align=left|LJP || 6 || [[Ram Vilas Paswan]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2014-05-19/news/49949111_1_ljp-party-leader-ram-vilas-paswan|title=Ram Vilas Paswan elected LJSP parliamentary party leader|work=[[The Economic Times]]|date=19 May 2014|access-date=17 June 2014}}</ref>
|-
| bgcolor={{Nationalist Congress Party/meta/color}}| || align=left|[[Nationalist Congress Party]] || align=left|NCP || 6 || [[Supriya Sule]]
|-
| bgcolor={{Aam Aadmi Party/meta/color}}| || align=left|[[Aam Aadmi Party]] || align=left|AAP || 4 || [[Bhagwant Mann]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/delhi/i-am-not-going-to-spare-bhushans-ashish-khetan/|title=Aam Aadmi party rebels get the boot but it’s Ashish Khetan kicking and screaming|date=22 April 2015}}</ref>
|-
| bgcolor={{Rashtriya Janata Dal/meta/color}}| || align=left|[[Rashtriya Janata Dal]] || align=left|RJD || 4 || [[Jay Prakash Narayan Yadav]]
|-
| bgcolor={{Shiromani Akali Dal/meta/color}}| || align=left|[[Shiromani Akali Dal]] || align=left|SAD || 4 || [[Ranjit Singh Brahmpura]]
|-
| bgcolor={{YSR Congress Party/meta/color}}| || align=left|[[YSR Congress Party]] || align=left|YSRCP || 8 || [[Mekapati Rajamohan Reddy]]
|-
| bgcolor={{All India United Democratic Front/meta/color}}| || align=left|[[All India United Democratic Front]] || align=left|AIUDF || 3 || [[Badruddin Ajmal]]
|-
| bgcolor={{Independent politician/meta/color}}| || align=left|[[Independent politician|Independents]] || align=left|IND || 3 || -
|-
| bgcolor={{Rashtriya Lok Samata Party/meta/color}}| || align=left|[[Rashtriya Lok Samta Party]] || align=left|RLSP || 3 || [[Upendra Kushwaha]]
|-
| bgcolor={{Apna Dal/meta/color}}| || align=left|[[Apna Dal]] || align=left|AD || 2 || [[Anupriya Patel]]
|-
| bgcolor={{Indian National Lok Dal/meta/color}}| || align=left|[[Indian National Lok Dal]] || align=left|INLD || 2 || [[Charanjeet Singh Rori]]
|-
| bgcolor={{Indian Union Muslim League/meta/color}}| || align=left|[[Indian Union Muslim League]] || align=left|IUML || 2 || [[E. T. Mohammed Basheer]]
|-
| bgcolor={{Janata Dal (Secular)/meta/color}}| || align=left|[[Janata Dal (Secular)]] || align=left|JD(S) || 2 || [[H. D. Deve Gowda]]
|-
| bgcolor={{Janata Dal (United)/meta/color}}| || align=left|[[Janata Dal (United)]] || align=left|JD(U) || 2 || [[Kaushalendra Kumar]]
|-
| bgcolor={{Jharkhand Mukti Morcha/meta/color}}| || align=left|[[Jharkhand Mukti Morcha]] || align=left|JMM || 2 || [[Shibu Soren]]
|-
| bgcolor={{All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen/meta/color}}| || align=left|[[All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen]] || align=left|AIMIM || 1 || [[Asaduddin Owaisi]]
|-
| bgcolor={{All India N.R. Congress/meta/color}}| || align=left|[[All India N.R. Congress]] || align=left|AINRC || 1 || [[R. Radhakrishnan (politician)|R. Radhakrishnan]]
|-
| bgcolor={{Communist Party of India/meta/color}}| || align=left|[[Communist Party of India]] || align=left|CPI || 1 || [[C. N. Jayadevan]]
|-
| bgcolor={{Jammu & Kashmir National Conference/meta/color}}| || align=left|[[Jammu & Kashmir National Conference]] || align=left|JKNC || 1 || [[Farooq Abdullah]]
|-
| bgcolor={{Jammu and Kashmir Peoples Democratic Party/meta/color}}| || align=left|[[Jammu and Kashmir Peoples Democratic Party]] || align=left|JKPDP || 1 || [[Muzaffar Hussain Baig]]
|-
| bgcolor={{Nationalist Democratic Progressive Party/meta/color}}| || align=left|[[Nationalist Democratic Progressive Party]] || align=left|NDPP || 1 || [[Tokheho|Tokheho Yepthomi]]
|-
| bgcolor={{Pattali Makkal Katchi/meta/color}}| || align=left|[[Pattali Makkal Katchi]] || align=left|PMK || 1 || [[Anbumani Ramadoss]]
|-
| bgcolor={{Rashtriya Lok Dal/meta/color}}| || align=left|[[Rashtriya Lok Dal]] || align=left|RLD || 1 || [[Begum Tabassum Hasan]]
|-
| bgcolor={{Revolutionary Socialist Party (India)/meta/color}}| || align=left|[[Revolutionary Socialist Party (India)|Revolutionary Socialist Party]] || align=left|RSP || 1 || [[N. K. Premachandran]]
|-
| bgcolor={{Sikkim Democratic Front/meta/color}}| || align=left|[[Sikkim Democratic Front]] || align=left|SDF || 1 || [[Prem Das Rai]]
|-
| bgcolor={{Swabhimani Paksha/meta/color}}| || align=left|[[Swabhimani Paksha]] || align=left|SWP || 1 || [[Raju Shetti]]
|-
| bgcolor={{Bharatiya Janata Party/meta/color}}| || align=left|''[[Anglo-Indian reserved seats in the Lok Sabha|Nominated Anglo-Indians]]'' ([[Bharatiya Janata Party]]) || align=left|NOM || 2 || [[Richard Hay (politician)|Richard Hay]] and [[George Baker (Indian actor)|George Baker]]
|-
| bgcolor={{Vacant/meta/color}}| || colspan="2" | ''Vacant'' || colspan="2" | 26 <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://164.100.47.194/Loksabha/Members/vacant.aspx|title=Members : Lok Sabha|website=164.100.47.194}}</ref> ([[Anantnag (Lok Sabha constituency)|Anantnag]], [[Ongole (Lok Sabha constituency)|Ongole]], [[Kadapa (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kadapa]], [[Nellore (Lok Sabha constituency)|Nellore]], [[Tirupati (Lok Sabha constituency)|Tirupati]], [[Rajampet (Lok Sabha constituency)|Rajampet]], [[Kottayam (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kottayam]], [[Kendrapara (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kendrapara]], [[Tura (Lok Sabha constituency)|Tura]], [[Katihar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Katihar]], [[Begusarai (Lok Sabha constituency)|Begusarai]], [[Bangalore South (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bangalore South]], [[Wayanad (Lok Sabha constituency)|Wayanad]], [[Kishanganj (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kishanganj]], [[Ladakh (Lok Sabha constituency)|Ladakh]], [[Malkajgiri (Lok Sabha constituency)|Malkajgiri]], [[Peddapalle (Lok Sabha constituency)|Peddapalle]], [[Chhindwara (Lok Sabha constituency)|Chhindwara]], [[Durg (Lok Sabha constituency)|Durg]], [[Khajuraho (Lok Sabha constituency)|Khajuraho]], [[Dewas (Lok Sabha constituency)|Dewas]], [[Ajmer (Lok Sabha constituency)|Ajmer]], [[Dausa (Lok Sabha constituency)|Dausa]], [[Aska (Lok Sabha constituency)|Aska]], [[Viluppuram (Lok Sabha constituency)|Viluppuram]] and [[Jadavpur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Jadavpur]])
|-
|}

===Criminal background===
{{Pie chart
|caption = '''Case-wise distribution of the 542 members of the 16th Lok Sabha.'''<ref name=autogenerated1>{{Cite web|url=http://loksabha.adrindia.org/lok-sabha/analysis-of-criminal-and-financial-background-details-of-winners|title=Association for Democratic Reforms|access-date=31 May 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140531090857/http://loksabha.adrindia.org/lok-sabha/analysis-of-criminal-and-financial-background-details-of-winners|archive-date=31 May 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|other =
|label1 = With serious criminal cases
|value1 = 33.68
|label2 = With non-serious criminal cases
|value2 = 13.47
|label3 = Without any criminal cases
|value3 = 65.87
}}

About one-third of all winners had at least one pending criminal case against them, with some having serious criminal cases.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/a-third-of-mps-have-criminal-cases-shiv-sena-tops-list-report-529854|title=A third of MPs have criminal cases, Shiv Sena tops list: report|website=NDTV.com}}</ref>

* '''Criteria for "serious" criminal cases:'''<ref name=autogenerated1 />
# Offence for which maximum punishment is of 5 years or more.
# If an offense is non-bailable.
# If it is an electoral offense (e.g. IPC 171E or bribery).
# Offence related to loss to the exchequer.
# Offences that are assault, murder, kidnap, rape-related.
# Offences that are mentioned in the Representation of the People Act (Section 8).
# Offences under the Prevention of Corruption Act.
# Crimes against women.

Compared to the [[15th Lok Sabha]], there was an increase of members with criminal cases. In 2009, 158 (30%) of the 521 members analyzed had criminal cases, of which 77 (15%) had serious criminal cases.<ref name=autogenerated1 /><ref name=autogenerated2>{{Cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/lok-sabha-elections-2014/news/Every-third-newly-elected-MP-has-criminal-background/articleshow/35306963.cms|title=Every third newly-elected MP has criminal background - The Times of India}}</ref>

===Financial background===
{{Pie chart
|caption = '''Asset-wise distribution of the 543 members in the 16th Lok Sabha.'''<ref name=autogenerated1 />
|other =
|label1 = Assets > {{INRConvert|10|c}}
|value1 = 24.35
|label2 = Assets between {{INRConvert|5|c}} and {{INRConvert|10|c}}
|value2 = 12.92
|label3 = Assets between {{INRConvert|1|c}} and {{INRConvert|5|c}}
|value3 = 44.46
|label4 = Assets < {{INRConvert|1|c}}
|value4 = 18.27
}}

As of May 2014, out of the 542 members analysed, 443 (82%) are having assets of {{INRconvert|1|c}} or more. In the [[15th Lok Sabha]], out of 521 members analysed, 300 (58%) members had assets of {{INRConvert|1|c}} or more.<ref name=autogenerated1 />

The average assets per member are {{INRConvert|14.7|c}} (in 2009, this figure was {{INRConvert|5.35|c}}).
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Political party !! No. of members !! Average assets per member<ref name=autogenerated1 />
|-
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]] || 281 || {{INRConvert|11.5|c}}
|-
| [[Indian National Congress|INC]] || 44 || {{INRConvert|13.2|c}}
|-
| [[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|AIADMK]] || 37 || {{INRConvert|6.4|c}}
|-
| [[All India Trinamool Congress|AITC]] || 34 || {{INRConvert|2.5|c}}
|-
| Others || 146 || {{INRConvert|25.0|c}}
|-
| '''Total''' || '''542''' (Excluding [[Speaker of the Lok Sabha|Speaker]]) || '''{{INRConvert|14.7|c}}'''
|}

===Age===
Age-wise distribution of the 542 members in the 16th Lok Sabha as of 16 May 2018'''<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://164.100.47.194/Loksabha/Members/MemberSearchByAge.aspx|title=Members : Lok Sabha|website=164.100.47.194}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Age Group !! No. of members
|-
| Age> 80 || 8
|-
| Age between 71 and 80 || 53
|-
| Age between 61 and 70 || 161
|-
| Age between 51 and 60 || 164
|-
| Age between 41 and 50 || 103
|-
| Age <= 40 || 46
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}
* [https://www.loksabhaelections.in/member-of-parliament/ List of Member of Parliament of 16th Lok Sabha]

==External links==
{{commons category}}
* [https://www.loksabhaelection2019.com/lok-sabha-election-2019/ Live Election News & Updates] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190128135631/https://www.loksabhaelection2019.com/lok-sabha-election-2019/ |date=28 January 2019 }} Lok Sabha (General) Election 2019 - Parliamentary Polls 2019 Latest News & Updates

{{Parliament of India}}
{{Cabinet of Narendra Modi|state=collapsed}}
{{16th Lok Sabha members from all states |state=autocollapse}}
{{Indian general election, 2014}}

[[Category:16th Lok Sabha| ]]
[[Category: Terms of the Lok Sabha]]
[[Category:2014 establishments in India]]

Shakti Pratap Singh Rathore

2021-07-07T18:21:34Z

Wandererkanishk:

{{Use dmy dates|date=Jaly 2021}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2021}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Shakti Pratap Singh Rathore<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://rajpcc.com/shaktipratap|title=Indian National Congress Party|website=rajpcc.com}}</ref>
| image = [[File:Shakti Pratap Singh Rathore.jpg|thumb|Shakti Pratap Singh Rathore]]
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1979|11|10|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Ajmer]], Rajasthan, India
| children = Devvrat Singh Rathore
| father = Ghisu Singh Rathore
| mother = Pan Kanwar
| residence = 21/13 Sector 2 Vaishali Nagar, [[Ajmer]], [[Rajasthan]].
| spouse = Preeti Chouhan
| alma_mater = [[Government College, Ajmer]] ([[B.A]], [[MA]]) [[Maharshi Dayanand Saraswati University]] ([[Ph.D.]])
| office1 = Co-Coordinator Mahatma Gandhi Jeevan Darshan Samiti
| termstart1 = 2019
| predecessor1 =
| office2 = Secretary, Rajasthan Pradesh Youth Congress
| termstart2 = 2018
| termend2= 2019
| constituency2 =
| party = [[Indian National Congress]]
| nationality = Indian
| profession = Politician
}}

'''Shakti Pratap Singh Rathore''' (born 10 November 1979) is an Indian Politician belonging to [[Indian National Congress]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ventsmagazine.com/2021/05/29/shakti-pratap-singh-rathore-the-intellect-with-a-plan/|title=Shakti Pratap Singh Rathore: The Intellect With A Plan|date=29 May 2021|website=Ventz Magzine}}</ref>, currently serving as the Co-Coordinator of Mahatma Gandhi Jeevan Darshan Samiti.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.newsx.com/entertainment/national-entertainment/shakti-pratap-singh-rathore.html|title=Shakti Pratap Singh Rathore's affection for governmental issues and the battles that got him where he is today.|date=7 January 2021|website=NewsX}}</ref>

==Early Life==
'''Shakti Pratap Singh Rathore''' was born in [[Ajmer]], [[Rajasthan]] and completed his schooling from [[St. Anselm's Senior Secondary School, Ajmer]] and graduation from [[Government College of Ajmer]] and higher studies from [[Maharshi Dayanand Saraswati University]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.mid-day.com/lifestyle/infotainment/article/shakti-pratap-singh-love-for-politics-and-the-struggles-that-got-him-where-he-is-today-23175183|title=Shakti Pratap Singh’s love for politics and the struggles that got him where he is today|date=26 May 2021|website=www.mid-day.com}}</ref>

==Political Journey==

In 2000 '''Shakti Pratap Singh Rathore''' got attached to [[National Students' Union of India]] during the college tenure and later Stood for the Presidential Elections(2003) in [[Maharshi Dayanand Saraswati University]] and became the principal NSUI leader of that college by becoming the First President elected on an [[National Students' Union of India]] ticket. Soon after that he was appointed as the Secretary of [[National Students' Union of India]] and then Vice President of [[National Students' Union of India]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://in.news.yahoo.com/shakti-pratap-singh-rathore-politician-055410974.html|title=Shakti Pratap Singh Rathore: A Politician and an Emerging Samaritan|website=in.news.yahoo.com}}</ref>

In 2015 he stood for the Panchayat Samiti Member Election and became the Member of the board on an [[Indian National Congress]] Ticket. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://english.newstracklive.com/news/the-goals-of-a-true-political-leader-shakti-pratap-singh-sc2-nu293-ta293-1162572-1.html|title=The Goals Of A True Political Leader: Shakti Pratap Singh|date=28 May 2021|website=News Track}}</ref>

In 2018, His election management strategies bought victory to [[Raghu Sharma (politician) ]]] in the [[16th Lok Sabha| Ajmer By Elections]] and was rewarded with a big post and was appointed as the Secretary Of [[Rajasthan Youth Congress]]. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://foxinterviewer.com/uncategorized/the-portrait-of-an-honest-statesman-shakti-pratap-singh-rathore/|title=The Portrait of an Honest Statesman: Shakti Pratap Singh Rathore|website= Fox Interviewer|date=19 June 2021}}</ref>

In 2019, after congress made a stable government in Rajasthan<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://caseyweekly.com.au/2021/05/31/an-integral-part-of-the-indian-national-congress-party-shakti-pratap-singh-rathore/|title=An Integral Part Of The Indian National Congress Party: Shakti Pratap Singh Rathore|date=31 May 2021|website=caseyweekly.com}}</ref>, he was institutionally appointed as the Co-Coordinator of Mahatma Gandhi Jeevan Darshan Samiti (An Government Non Profit Organisation)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.apnnews.com/shakti-pratap-singh-rathore-stresses-on-the-importance-of-creating-a-better-tomorrow-through-his-leadership/|title=Shakti Pratap Singh Rathore Stresses On The Importance Of Creating A Better Tomorrow Through His Leadership|website=www.apnnews.com}}</ref>

==Positions Held==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Position !! Organisation<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.punjabkesari.in/rajasthan/news/shakti-pratap-singh-rathore-head-of-youth-of-rajasthan-1403287|title=शक्ति प्रताप सिंह राठौड़: राजस्थान के युवाओं के सिरमुख|date=17 June 2021|website=punjabkesari}}</ref>
|-
| President || [[Maharshi Dayanand Saraswati University]]
|-
| Secretary || [[National Students' Union of India]]
|-
| Vice President || [[National Students' Union of India]]
|-
| [[Indian National Congress|INC]] Member || Panchayat Samiti Sarwar
|-
| Secretary || [[Rajasthan Youth Congress]]
|-
| Co-Coordinator || Mahatma Gandhi Jeevan Darshan Samiti
|-
| Election Observer || Sahara By Election 2021

|}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
*[https://www.shaktipratapsingh.com/| Official Website]
*{{Facebook|ShaktiPratapofficial| Shakti Pratap Singh Rathore}}
* {{Instagram | ShaktiPratapOfficial| Shakti Pratap Singh Rathore }}
* {{Twitter| ShaktiPratapINC |Shakti Pratap Singh Rathore}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Rathore, Shakti Pratap Singh}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1979 births]]
[[Category:Rajasthani politicians]]
[[Category:People from Ajmer district]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Rajasthan]]

{{India-politician-stub}}

Shakti Pratap Singh Rathore

2021-07-07T17:21:39Z

Wandererkanishk:

{{Use dmy dates|date=Jaly 2021}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2021}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Shakti Pratap Singh Rathore<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://rajpcc.com/shaktipratap|title=Indian National Congress Party|website=rajpcc.com}}</ref>
| image = [[File:Shakti Pratap Singh Rathore.jpg|thumb|Shakti Pratap Singh Rathore]]
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1979|11|10|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Ajmer]], Rajasthan, India
| children = Devvrat Singh Rathore
| father = Ghisu Singh Rathore
| mother = Pan Kanwar
| residence = 21/13 Sector 2 Vaishali Nagar, [[Ajmer]], [[Rajasthan]].
| spouse = Preeti Chouhan
| alma_mater = [[Government College, Ajmer]] ([[B.A]], [[MA]]) [[Maharshi Dayanand Saraswati University]] ([[Ph.D.]])
| office1 = Co-Coordinator Mahatma Gandhi Jeevan Darshan Samiti
| termstart1 = 2019
| predecessor1 =
| office2 = Secretary, Rajasthan Pradesh Youth Congress
| termstart2 = 2018
| termend2= 2019
| constituency2 =
| party = [[Indian National Congress]]
| nationality = Indian
| profession = Politician
}}

'''Shakti Pratap Singh Rathore''' (born 10 November 1979) is an Indian Politician belonging to [[Indian National Congress]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ventsmagazine.com/2021/05/29/shakti-pratap-singh-rathore-the-intellect-with-a-plan/|title=Shakti Pratap Singh Rathore: The Intellect With A Plan|date=29 May 2021|website=Ventz Magzine}}</ref>, currently serving as the Co-Coordinator of Mahatma Gandhi Jeevan Darshan Samiti.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.newsx.com/entertainment/national-entertainment/shakti-pratap-singh-rathore.html|title=Shakti Pratap Singh Rathore's affection for governmental issues and the battles that got him where he is today.|date=7 January 2021|website=NewsX}}</ref>

==Early Life==
'''Shakti Pratap Singh Rathore''' was born in [[Ajmer]], [[Rajasthan]] and completed his schooling from [[St. Anselm's Senior Secondary School, Ajmer]] and graduation from [[Government College of Ajmer]] and higher studies from [[Maharshi Dayanand Saraswati University]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.mid-day.com/lifestyle/infotainment/article/shakti-pratap-singh-love-for-politics-and-the-struggles-that-got-him-where-he-is-today-23175183|title=Shakti Pratap Singh’s love for politics and the struggles that got him where he is today|date=26 May 2021|website=www.mid-day.com}}</ref>

==Political Journey==

In 2000 '''Shakti Pratap Singh Rathore''' got attached to [[National Students' Union of India]] during the college tenure and later Stood for the Presidential Elections(2003) in [[Maharshi Dayanand Saraswati University]] and became the principal NSUI leader of that college by becoming the First President elected on an [[National Students' Union of India]] ticket. Soon after that he was appointed as the Secretary of [[National Students' Union of India]] and then Vice President of [[National Students' Union of India]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://in.news.yahoo.com/shakti-pratap-singh-rathore-politician-055410974.html|title=Shakti Pratap Singh Rathore: A Politician and an Emerging Samaritan|website=in.news.yahoo.com}}</ref>

In 2015 he stood for the Panchayat Samiti Member Election and became the Member of the board on an [[Indian National Congress]] Ticket. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://english.newstracklive.com/news/the-goals-of-a-true-political-leader-shakti-pratap-singh-sc2-nu293-ta293-1162572-1.html|title=The Goals Of A True Political Leader: Shakti Pratap Singh|date=28 May 2021|website=News Track}}</ref>

In 2018, His election management strategies bought victory to [[Raghu Sharma (politician) ]]] in the [[16th Loksabha Elections| Ajmer By Elections]] and was rewarded with a big post and was appointed as the Secretary Of [[Rajasthan Youth Congress]]. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://foxinterviewer.com/uncategorized/the-portrait-of-an-honest-statesman-shakti-pratap-singh-rathore/|title=The Portrait of an Honest Statesman: Shakti Pratap Singh Rathore|website= Fox Interviewer|date=19 June 2021}}</ref>

In 2019, after congress made a stable government in Rajasthan<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://caseyweekly.com.au/2021/05/31/an-integral-part-of-the-indian-national-congress-party-shakti-pratap-singh-rathore/|title=An Integral Part Of The Indian National Congress Party: Shakti Pratap Singh Rathore|date=31 May 2021|website=caseyweekly.com}}</ref>, he was institutionally appointed as the Co-Coordinator of Mahatma Gandhi Jeevan Darshan Samiti (An Government Non Profit Organisation)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.apnnews.com/shakti-pratap-singh-rathore-stresses-on-the-importance-of-creating-a-better-tomorrow-through-his-leadership/|title=Shakti Pratap Singh Rathore Stresses On The Importance Of Creating A Better Tomorrow Through His Leadership|website=www.apnnews.com}}</ref>

==Positions Held==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Position !! Organisation<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.punjabkesari.in/rajasthan/news/shakti-pratap-singh-rathore-head-of-youth-of-rajasthan-1403287|title=शक्ति प्रताप सिंह राठौड़: राजस्थान के युवाओं के सिरमुख|date=17 June 2021|website=punjabkesari}}</ref>
|-
| President || [[Maharshi Dayanand Saraswati University]]
|-
| Secretary || [[National Students' Union of India]]
|-
| Vice President || [[National Students' Union of India]]
|-
| [[Indian National Congress|INC]] Member || Panchayat Samiti Sarwar
|-
| Secretary || [[Rajasthan Youth Congress]]
|-
| Co-Coordinator || Mahatma Gandhi Jeevan Darshan Samiti
|-
| Election Observer || Sahara By Election 2021

|}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
*[https://www.shaktipratapsingh.com/| Official Website]
*{{Facebook|ShaktiPratapofficial| Shakti Pratap Singh Rathore}}
* {{Instagram | ShaktiPratapOfficial| Shakti Pratap Singh Rathore }}
* {{Twitter| ShaktiPratapINC |Shakti Pratap Singh Rathore}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Rathore, Shakti Pratap Singh}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1979 births]]
[[Category:Rajasthani politicians]]
[[Category:People from Ajmer district]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Rajasthan]]

{{India-politician-stub}}

Shakti Pratap Singh Rathore

2021-07-07T17:11:26Z

Wandererkanishk:

{{Use dmy dates|date=Jaly 2021}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2021}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Shakti Pratap Singh Rathore<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://rajpcc.com/shaktipratap|title=Indian National Congress Party|website=rajpcc.com}}</ref>
| image = [[File:Shakti Pratap Singh Rathore.jpg|thumb|Shakti Pratap Singh Rathore]]
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1979|11|10|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Ajmer]], Rajasthan, India
| children = Devvrat Singh Rathore
| father = Ghisu Singh Rathore
| mother = Pan Kanwar
| residence = 21/13 Sector 2 Vaishali Nagar, [[Ajmer]], [[Rajasthan]].
| spouse = Preeti Chouhan
| alma_mater = [[Government College, Ajmer]] ([[B.A]], [[MA]]) [[Maharshi Dayanand Saraswati University]] ([[Ph.D.]])
| office1 = Co-Coordinator Mahatma Gandhi Jeevan Darshan Samiti
| termstart1 = 2019
| predecessor1 =
| office2 = Secretary, Rajasthan Pradesh Youth Congress
| termstart2 = 2018
| termend2= 2019
| constituency2 =
| party = [[Indian National Congress]]
| nationality = Indian
| profession = Politician
}}

'''Shakti Pratap Singh Rathore''' (born 10 November 1979) is an Indian Politician belonging to [[Indian National Congress]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ventsmagazine.com/2021/05/29/shakti-pratap-singh-rathore-the-intellect-with-a-plan/|title=Shakti Pratap Singh Rathore: The Intellect With A Plan|date=29 May 2021}}</ref>, currently serving as the Co-Coordinator of Mahatma Gandhi Jeevan Darshan Samiti.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.newsx.com/entertainment/national-entertainment/shakti-pratap-singh-rathore.html|title=Shakti Pratap Singh Rathore's affection for governmental issues and the battles that got him where he is today.|date=7 January 2021|website=NewsX}}</ref>

==Early Life==
'''Shakti Pratap Singh Rathore''' was born in [[Ajmer]], [[Rajasthan]] and completed his schooling from [[St. Anselm's Senior Secondary School, Ajmer]] and graduation from [[Government College of Ajmer]] and higher studies from [[Maharshi Dayanand Saraswati University]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.mid-day.com/lifestyle/infotainment/article/shakti-pratap-singh-love-for-politics-and-the-struggles-that-got-him-where-he-is-today-23175183|title=Shakti Pratap Singh’s love for politics and the struggles that got him where he is today|date=26 May 2021|website=www.mid-day.com}}</ref>

==Political Journey==

In 2000 '''Shakti Pratap Singh Rathore''' got attached to [[National Students' Union of India]] during the college tenure and later Stood for the Presidential Elections(2003) in [[Maharshi Dayanand Saraswati University]] and became the principal NSUI leader of that college by becoming the First President elected on an [[National Students' Union of India]] ticket. Soon after that he was appointed as the Secretary of [[National Students' Union of India]] and then Vice President of [[National Students' Union of India]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://in.news.yahoo.com/shakti-pratap-singh-rathore-politician-055410974.html|title=Shakti Pratap Singh Rathore: A Politician and an Emerging Samaritan|website=in.news.yahoo.com}}</ref>

In 2015 he stood for the Panchayat Samiti Member Election and became the Member of the board on an [[Indian National Congress]] Ticket. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://english.newstracklive.com/news/the-goals-of-a-true-political-leader-shakti-pratap-singh-sc2-nu293-ta293-1162572-1.html|title=The Goals Of A True Political Leader: Shakti Pratap Singh|date=28 May 2021|website=News Track}}</ref>

In 2018, His election management strategies bought victory to [[Raghu Sharma (politician) ]]] in the [[16th Loksabha Elections| Ajmer By Elections]] and was rewarded with a big post and was appointed as the Secretary Of [[Rajasthan Youth Congress]]. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://foxinterviewer.com/uncategorized/the-portrait-of-an-honest-statesman-shakti-pratap-singh-rathore/|title=The Portrait of an Honest Statesman: Shakti Pratap Singh Rathore|first=Nayra|last=Roy|date=19 June 2021}}</ref>

In 2019, after congress made a stable government in Rajasthan<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://caseyweekly.com.au/2021/05/31/an-integral-part-of-the-indian-national-congress-party-shakti-pratap-singh-rathore/|title=An Integral Part Of The Indian National Congress Party: Shakti Pratap Singh Rathore|date=31 May 2021}}</ref>, he was institutionally appointed as the Co-Coordinator of Mahatma Gandhi Jeevan Darshan Samiti (An Government Non Profit Organisation)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.apnnews.com/shakti-pratap-singh-rathore-stresses-on-the-importance-of-creating-a-better-tomorrow-through-his-leadership/|title=Shakti Pratap Singh Rathore Stresses On The Importance Of Creating A Better Tomorrow Through His Leadership}}</ref>

==Positions Held==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Position !! Organisation<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.punjabkesari.in/rajasthan/news/shakti-pratap-singh-rathore-head-of-youth-of-rajasthan-1403287|title=शक्ति प्रताप सिंह राठौड़: राजस्थान के युवाओं के सिरमुख|date=17 June 2021|website=punjabkesari}}</ref>
|-
| President || [[Maharshi Dayanand Saraswati University]]
|-
| Secretary || [[National Students' Union of India]]
|-
| Vice President || [[National Students' Union of India]]
|-
| [[Indian National Congress|INC]] Member || Panchayat Samiti Sarwar
|-
| Secretary || [[Rajasthan Youth Congress]]
|-
| Co-Coordinator || Mahatma Gandhi Jeevan Darshan Samiti
|-
| Election Observer || Sahara By Election 2021

|}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
*[https://www.shaktipratapsingh.com/| Official Website]
*{{Facebook|ShaktiPratapofficial| Shakti Pratap Singh Rathore}}
* {{Instagram | ShaktiPratapOfficial| Shakti Pratap Singh Rathore }}
* {{Twitter| ShaktiPratapINC |Shakti Pratap Singh Rathore}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Rathore, Shakti Pratap Singh}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1979 births]]
[[Category:Rajasthani politicians]]
[[Category:People from Ajmer district]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Rajasthan]]

{{India-politician-stub}}

B.A

2021-07-07T17:03:49Z

Wandererkanishk: Created page with "{{Short description|Bachelor's degree awarded for undergraduate study in liberal arts, the sciences or both}} {{For2|the R. K. Narayan novel|The Bachelor of Arts|the film|..."

{{Short description|Bachelor's degree awarded for undergraduate study in liberal arts, the sciences or both}}
{{For2|the R. K. Narayan novel|[[The Bachelor of Arts]]|the film|[[Bachelor of Arts (film)]]}}
{{Redirect|B. A.|other uses|BA (disambiguation){{!}}BA}}
{{Redirect|A. B.|other uses|AB (disambiguation){{!}}AB}}
'''Bachelor of Arts''' ('''BA''' or '''AB'''; from the [[Latin]] ''{{lang|la|baccalaureus artium}}'' or ''{{lang|la|artium baccalaureus}}'') is the holder of a [[bachelor's degree]] awarded for an [[undergraduate education|undergraduate]] program in the arts, science and commerce. A Bachelor of Arts degree course is generally completed in three or four years, depending on the country and institution.

* Degree attainment typically takes four years to get in [[Afghanistan]], [[Armenia]], [[Azerbaijan]], [[Bangladesh]], [[Brunei]], [[Egypt]], [[Ghana]], [[Greece]], [[Hong Kong]], [[Iran]], [[Iraq]], [[Republic of Ireland|Ireland]], [[Japan]], [[Kazakhstan]], [[Kenya]], [[Kuwait]], [[Latvia]], [[Lebanon]], [[Lithuania]], [[Malaysia]], [[Nepal]], [[Netherlands]], [[Nigeria]], [[Pakistan]], the [[Philippines]], [[Qatar]], [[Russia]], [[Saudi Arabia]], [[Serbia]], [[South Korea]], [[Spain]], [[Thailand]], [[Turkey]], the [[United States of America]] and [[Zambia]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.uta.fi/FAST/US5/REF/gpa.html|title=FAST-US-5 United States Education Reference File}}</ref>
* Degree attainment typically takes three years in [[Albania]], [[Israel]],<ref>{{Cite web|title=BA Business Administration - RRIS - IDC Herzliya|url=https://www.idc.ac.il:443/en/schools/rris/undergraduate/pages/business-admin.aspx|access-date=2021-06-04|website=www.idc.ac.il|language=en}}</ref> [[Australia]], [[Bosnia and Herzegovina]], the [[Caribbean]], [[Iceland]], [[India]], [[New Zealand|Malaysia, New Zealand]], [[Norway]], [[Singapore]], [[South Africa]], [[Switzerland]], and the Canadian province of [[Quebec]], the [[United Kingdom]], and most of the [[European Union]].

==Australia, Canada, New Zealand, Nepal, and South Africa==
{{ anchor | Australia | New Zealand | South Africa | Canada}}
In colleges and universities in Australia, New Zealand, Nepal, and South Africa, the BA degree can be taken over three years of full-time study.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://cass.anu.edu.au/node/144|title=Bachelor of Arts degrees|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100401072859/http://cass.anu.edu.au/node/144|publisher=[[Australian National University]]|archive-date=2010-04-01}}</ref> Students must pursue at least one [[academic major|major]] area of study and units from that subject are usually studied in each year, though sometimes students may choose to complete upper-level classes in the same year and as a result, can leave space for elective subjects from a different field. At some universities, students may choose to pursue a second major; alternatively, the remainder of the degree is taken up with a minor area of study (in the first two years) and other individual or stream-based subjects. Honours is an additional year of study after the BA degree, that combines aspects of undergraduate study with those of postgraduate research. Entry to the honours program is usually highly selective.

Education in Canada is controlled by the provinces and can be very different depending on the province. Canadian universities typically offer four-year Bachelor of Arts degrees. In many universities and colleges, Bachelor of Arts degrees are differentiated either as BA or as honours BA degrees. Honours is an academic distinction indicating that a student achieved their BA degree with a sufficiently high overall grade point average; in addition, some programs may require more education than non-honours programs.

==Netherlands==
In the Netherlands, the BA and Master of Arts (MA) degrees were introduced in 2002. Until then, a single program led to the ''[[doctorandus]]'' degree, which comprised the same course load as the bachelor's and master's programs combined. The title ''doctorandus'' was used in almost all fields of study; other titles were used for legal studies (''meester'', Dutch for master, abbreviated ''Mr.'') and engineering (''[[ingenieur]]''). Those who had already started the ''doctorandus'' program could, on completing it, opt for the ''doctorandus'' degree (entitling them to use "Drs." in front of their name) or could use the master's degree (postnominal letters) in accordance with the new standard.

==Germany==
In Germany, university-level education usually happens in either a ''Universität'' (plural: ''Universitäten'') or a ''[[Fachhochschule]]'' (plural: ''Fachhochschulen''); both can be referred to as a ''Hochschule'', which is the generic term in Germany for all institutions awarding academic degrees. Fachhochschule is often translated as "University of Applied Sciences". ''Universitäten'' place greater emphasis on fundamental science and background in theory, while ''Fachhochschulen'' are generally designed with a focus on teaching professional skills. Degrees earned at ''Universitäten'' and ''Fachhochschulen'' are legally equivalent.

In Germany, the B.A. course normally lasts between three and three and a half years – six or seven semesters – and the degree is awarded after the student earns between 180 and 210 [[European Credit Transfer and Accumulation System|ECTS]].

==United Kingdom and Ireland==
{{Main|British undergraduate degree classification}}
In the United Kingdom (excluding Scotland) and Ireland, the first degree course normally lasts three years, but nomenclature varies: 19th-century and later universities usually distinguish between arts and sciences subjects by awarding either a B.A. or B.Sc. degree. However, some older or [[ancient universities]], such as [[University of Oxford|Oxford]], [[University of Cambridge|Cambridge]]{{Citation needed|date=April 2011}} and [[University of Dublin|Dublin]] traditionally award B.A.s to undergraduates having completed the final examinations, e.g., Part II [[Tripos]] (Cambridge), Final Honour Schools (Oxford), Moderatorship (Dublin), in most subjects including the sciences. Some new [[plate glass university|plate glass universities]] established in the 1960s, such as [[University of York|York]] and [[Lancaster University|Lancaster]] originally followed the practice of Oxford and Cambridge by awarding B.A.s in all subjects, but have since changed to awarding B.Sc. degrees in science subjects. At Oxford, Cambridge and Dublin the degree of [[Master of Arts (Oxford, Cambridge and Dublin)|M.A.]] can be claimed, usually twenty-one terms after [[matriculation]]. For many centuries, the bachelor's degree was an intermediate step and was awarded for much of the work carried out in later times at secondary schools. The names of the final secondary school exams in France and Spain (and increasingly in the UK—the [[International Baccalaureate]]) come from this: le [[Baccalauréat]] and el ''Bachillerato'', respectively.

The [[Ancient Universities of Scotland]] award a [[Master of Arts (Scotland)|Master of Arts]] degree to humanities or arts graduates, but a B.Sc. to science graduates. This course takes four years for an honours degree and three for an ordinary. In Scotland, it is possible to opt to take an ordinary degree rather than this simply ranking below a third class honours (for example, B.A. with distinction, merit or pass).

A Bachelor of Arts is entitled to the designation B.A. for an ordinary/pass degree and B.A. (Hons) for an honours degree. Students who completed an honours B.A. sometimes style themselves by '(Hon)' or '(Hons)' after the degree abbreviation in parentheses. An honours degree is always awarded in one of four classes depending upon the marks gained in the final assessments and examinations. The top students are awarded a first-class degree, followed by an upper second-class degree (usually referred to as a 2:1), a lower second-class degree (usually referred to as a 2:2), and those with the lowest marks gain a third-class degree. An ordinary or unclassified degree (which does not give the graduate the right to add '(Hons)') may be awarded if a student has completed the full honours degree course but has not obtained the total required passes sufficient to merit a third-class honours degree. Typically these degrees lack the final year requirement of a dissertation.

==See also==
* [[Associate of Arts]]
* [[Lady Literate in Arts]]
* [[Bachelor of Fine Arts]]
* [[Bachelor of Applied Arts]]
* [[Bachelor of Science]]
* [[Master of Arts]]
* [[Educational attainment in the United States]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Academic degrees}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Bachelor's degrees|Arts, Bachelor of]]
[[Category:Liberal arts education]]

MA

2021-07-07T17:03:07Z

Wandererkanishk: Created page with "{{Short description|Type of master's degree in the fields of humanities and social sciences}} {{Other uses|Master of Arts (disambiguation)}} {{Redirect|M.A.|other uses|MA (dis..."

{{Short description|Type of master's degree in the fields of humanities and social sciences}}
{{Other uses|Master of Arts (disambiguation)}}
{{Redirect|M.A.|other uses|MA (disambiguation)}}
{{Incomplete|Master of Arts in other continents|date=April 2019}}
}}

A '''Master of Arts''' ({{lang-la|Magister Artium}} or ''Artium Magister''; abbreviated '''MA''' or '''AM''') is the holder of a [[master's degree]] awarded by [[University|universities]] in many countries. The degree is usually contrasted with that of [[Master of Science]]. Those admitted to the degree have typically studied subjects within the scope of the [[humanities]] and [[social sciences]], such as [[history]], [[literature]], [[languages]], [[linguistics]], [[public administration]], [[political science]], [[communication studies]], or [[diplomacy]]; however, different universities have different conventions and may also offer the degree for fields typically considered within the [[natural sciences]] and mathematics. The degree can be conferred in respect of completing courses and passing examinations, research, or a combination of the two.

The degree of Master of Arts traces its origins to the teaching license or {{lang|la|Licentia docendi}} of the [[University of Paris]], designed to produce “masters” who were graduate teachers of their subjects.<ref>{{CathEncy|wstitle=Master of Arts}}</ref>

==Europe==
===Germany===
In Germany, the Master of Arts degree was called in [[Latin]] ''Magister Artium''. This degree, which usually required five years of studies, existed in the [[Holy Roman Empire]] and its successors, including the [[German Empire]] and the [[Federal Republic of Germany]], but not in the former [[East Germany]] where all degree courses led to a ''[[Diplom]]''. Traditional ''Magister'' degrees are granted in [[social science]]s and most of the humanities ([[International business|International Business]], Affairs, [[European studies|European Studies]] and [[Economics]] included), with the exception of visual and performing arts such as music and theatre.

The ''Magister Artium'' held either a double major degree or a combination of one major and two minors. German postgraduate Master's of Arts and Master's of Science degrees were introduced in 2001. Therefore, the new Master of Arts and the old ''Magister Artium'' degrees have existed side by side, since 2010; ''Magister Artium'' degrees are still awarded by some universities, as of 2020. The new Bachelor of Arts and Master of Arts degrees together also require five years of studies, which is the reason why the new Master of Arts and the old ''Magister Artium'' degrees are considered equivalent.

===Netherlands===
In the Netherlands, the Master of Arts and the Master of Science degrees were introduced in 2002. Until that time, a single program that led to the ''[[doctorandus]]'' degree (or the ''[[ingenieur]]'' degree in the case of technical subjects) was in effect, which comprised the same course-load as the Bachelor and Master programs put together. Those who had already started the ''doctorandus'' program could, upon completing it, opt for the ''doctorandus'' degree, which gave the title “Doctorandus” before their name, abbreviated to 'drs.'; in the case of ingenieur, this would be 'ir.'), or else opt for a master's degree as [[postnominals]] behind their name, in accordance with the new standard ('MA' or 'MSc'). Because these graduates do not hold a separate bachelor's degree (which is in fact – in retrospect – incorporated into the program), the master's degree is their first academic degree.

===Poland===
The Polish equivalent of Master of Arts is "magister" (its abbreviation "mgr" is placed before one's name, like the title Dr). At the technical universities, a student is awarded with ''inżynier'' (engineer) after three years and then with "magister" after completing another two years of study and graduating. Such persons use titles "mgr inż". In the 1990s, the MA programs usually lasting five years were replaced by separate three-year bachelor's and two-year master's programs. The degree is awarded in the arts (literature, foreign languages, filmmaking, theatre etc.), natural sciences, mathematics, computer science fields, and economics. The completion of a research [[thesis]] is required. All master's degrees in Poland qualify for a [[doctorate]] program.

===Nordic countries===
In Finland, Denmark and Norway, the master's degree is a combined taught/research degree, awarded after two years of studies after completing the bachelor's degree. The student is required to write a scientific thesis.

In Finland, this master's degree is called a ''filosofian maisteri'' (in Finnish) or ''filosofie magister'' (in Swedish), and it is abbreviated as ''FM'' or "fil.mag.".

In Sweden, there is still an intermediate degree between the Bachelor (''kandidat'') and Master called ''magister'' which only requires one year of studies, including a scientific thesis after completing the bachelor's degree. This fourth year typically constitutes the first half of a Master's programme. If not, it may be supplemented by a fifth year and a Master's thesis to obtain a master's degree in the field of study.

===United Kingdom and Ireland===

====Most universities====
Except at Oxford, Cambridge, and Trinity College Dublin (see below) the MA is typically a "taught" postgraduate degree, involving lectures, examination, and a dissertation based on independent research. Taught master's programs involve one or two years of full-time study. Many can be done part-time as well. Until recently, both the undergraduate and postgraduate master's degrees were awarded without grade or class (like the class of an [[honours degree]]). Nowadays, however, master's degrees are normally classified into the categories of Fail, Pass, Pass with Merit, or Pass with Distinction. This education pattern in the United Kingdom is followed in India and many [[Commonwealth of Nations|Commonwealth Nations]].

The [[Master of Laws]] (LLM) is the standard degree taught for law, but certain courses may lead to MA, MLitt, [[Master of Studies]] (MSt), and the [[Bachelor of Civil Law]] (BCL) at [[University of Oxford|Oxford]]. All of these degrees are considered substitutes to one another and are thus generally equivalent.

====Scotland====
In the [[ancient universities of Scotland]], the degree of Master of Arts is awarded in universities as a four-year undergraduate degree, see [[Master of Arts (Scotland)]].

The degree of Master of Arts is the first degree awarded in [[arts]], [[humanities]], [[theology]], and [[social sciences]]. However, some universities in Scotland award the degree of [[Master of Letters]] (MLitt) to students in the [[arts]], [[humanities]], [[divinity (academic discipline)|divinity]], and [[social sciences]].

====Oxford, Cambridge, Dublin (conferred)====
{{Main|Master of Arts (Oxford, Cambridge, and Dublin)}}
At [[University of Oxford|Oxford]], [[University of Cambridge|Cambridge]] and the [[University of Dublin]], the title of Master of Arts is conferred [[Master of Arts (Oxbridge and Dublin)|after a certain number of years]], without further examination, to those who have graduated as [[Bachelor of Arts]] and who have the requisite years' standing as members of the university or as graduates. This happens, in England, only at the universities of [[University of Oxford|Oxford]], four years after completing a bachelor's degree, and [[University of Cambridge|Cambridge]], six years after the first term of study. It is also the case at the University of Dublin. The abbreviated name of the university (Oxon, Cantab or Dubl) is therefore almost always appended in parentheses to the initials "MA" in the same way that it is to higher degrees, e.g. "John Smith, MA (Cantab), PhD (Lond)", principally so that it is clear (to those who are aware of the system) that these are nominal and unexamined degrees.<ref>Debretts Correct Form (2013 edn) - Academics</ref>

The MLitt is a research degree at the [[University of Cambridge]], where the [[Master of Philosophy]] (MPhil) is the name given to the standard one-year taught degree with a unique research element, in contrast to the use of MPhil at other institutions for a research degree.

=====Confusion=====
Research in 2000 by the universities watchdog, the [[Quality Assurance Agency for Higher Education]], showed that two-thirds of employers were unaware that the Oxford and Cambridge MA did not represent any kind of post-graduate achievement.<ref>{{cite news|title=Oxbridge students' MA 'degrees' under threat|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/education/universityeducation/8318460/Oxbridge-students-MA-degrees-under-threat.html|newspaper=Daily Telegraph|access-date=2 January 2013}}</ref>

In February 2011, the Labour Member of Parliament [[Chris Leslie (politician)|Chris Leslie]] sponsored a [[private member's bill]] in Parliament, the Master's Degrees (Minimum Standards) Bill, in order to "prohibit universities awarding Master's degrees unless certain standards of study and assessment are met". The Bill's supporters described the practice as a "historical anachronism" and argued that "unearned qualifications" should be discontinued in order to preserve the academic integrity of the taught MA. Further, they warned that the title gave Oxbridge graduates an unfair advantage in the job market. On 21 October 2011, the Bill received its second reading, but it failed to complete its passage through Parliament before the end of the session, meaning it fell.<ref>{{cite web|title=Parliamentary business|url=http://services.parliament.uk/bills/2010-11/mastersdegreesminimumstandards.html|publisher=UK Parliament|access-date=2 January 2013}}</ref>

====Oxford, Cambridge (earned)====
A number of different master's degrees may be earned at Oxford and Cambridge. The most common, the Master of Philosophy degree (MPhil), is a two-year research degree. To prepare to graduate as a Master of Science (MSc) or a Master of Studies (MSt) takes only one year, both courses often combining some coursework with research. A Master of Letters (MLitt) is the holder of a pure research master's degree. More recently, Oxford and Cambridge offer the degree of Master of Business Administration. Master's degrees are generally offered without classification, although the top five percent may be deemed worthy of Distinction.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ox.ac.uk/admissions/graduate/courses/courses-a-z-listing|title=Graduate courses A-Z listing - University of Oxford}}</ref> Both universities also offer a variety of four-year undergraduate integrated master's degrees such as [[MEng]] or [[MMath]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.admin.cam.ac.uk/univ/camdata/tripos.html|title=The structure of undergraduate courses at the University of Cambridge|publisher=University of Cambridge|access-date=28 May 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ox.ac.uk/admissions/undergraduate/courses-listing/mathematics?wssl=1|title=Mathematics|publisher=University of Oxford|access-date=28 May 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ox.ac.uk/admissions/undergraduate/courses-listing/engineering-science?wssl=1|title=Engineering Science|publisher=University of Oxford|access-date=28 May 2016}}</ref>

== North America ==
{{Main|List of master's degrees in North America}}
In Canada and the United States, the Master of Arts (''Magister Artium'') and [[Master of Science]] (''Magister Scientiæ'') are the basic graduate-level degrees in most subjects and may be course-based, research-based, or, more typically, a combination of the two.<ref>{{citation | url=http://www2.ed.gov/about/offices/list/ous/international/usnei/us/master.doc | publisher=International Affairs Office, [[U.S. Department of Education]] |date= February 2008 |title= Structure of the U.S. Education System: Master's Degrees |access-date=2010-02-25}}</ref>

Admission to a master's program is normally contingent upon holding a [[bachelor's degree]]. Some programs provide for a joint bachelor's and master's after about five years.<ref>See, for example, [http://www.cgu.edu/pages/623.asp the program] run by [[Claremont Graduate University]] for graduates of the [[Claremont Colleges]]</ref> Some universities use the Latin degree names, such as ''Artium Magister'' (AM) or ''Scientiæ Magister'' (SM). For example, [[Harvard University]], [[Dartmouth College]], the [[University of Chicago]], [[MIT]], the [[University of Pennsylvania]], and [[Brown University]] use the abbreviations AM and SM for some of their master's degrees.<ref>{{cite web|title=Degree Programs - The Graduate School of Arts and Sciences|url=http://www.gsas.harvard.edu/programs_of_study/degree_programs.php|publisher=Harvard University|access-date=13 June 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Degree Abbreviations - Harvard University|url=http://www.harvard.edu/on-campus/commencement/degree-abbreviations|publisher=Harvard University|access-date=3 October 2015}}</ref> A Master of Arts may be given in a scientific discipline, common at [[Ivy League|Ivy League universities]].

Many universities offer Master of Arts programs, which are differentiated either as Thesis or Non-Thesis programs. Usually, the duration for a Non-Thesis option is one to two years of full-time study. The period for a Thesis option may last longer, depending also on the required level of courses and complexity of the [[thesis]]. Sometimes, qualified students who are admitted to a "very high research" Master of Arts might have to earn credits also at the PhD level, and they may need to complete their program in about three years of full-time candidature e.g. at the universities [[Harvard University|Harvard]] in the US and [[McGill University|McGill]] in Canada.

A thesis must be a distinct contribution to knowledge. It must demonstrate ability to plan and carry out research, organize results, and defend the approach and conclusions in a scholarly manner. The research presented must meet current standards of the discipline. Finally, the thesis must clearly demonstrate how the research advances knowledge in the field.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Master of Arts}}
[[Category:Master's degrees|Arts (postgraduate)]]

Ph.D.

2021-07-07T17:01:59Z

Wandererkanishk: Created page with "{{short description|Postgraduate academic degree awarded by universities in many countries}} {{redirect-multi|2|PhD|DPhil|other uses|PHD (disambiguation)}} {{Pp-move-indef}}..."

{{short description|Postgraduate academic degree awarded by universities in many countries}}
{{redirect-multi|2|PhD|DPhil|other uses|PHD (disambiguation)}}
{{Pp-move-indef}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2017}}
[[File:Proud graduates.jpg|thumb|upright|[[McGill University]] graduates wearing doctoral robes ]]
[[File:Phdposing.png|thumb|A group of new PhD graduates with their professors]]

A '''Doctor of Philosophy''' ('''PhD''', '''Ph.D.''', or '''DPhil'''; [[Latin]] {{lang|la|philosophiae doctor}} or ''doctor philosophiae'') is the most common [[Academic degree|degree]] at the highest academic level awarded following a course of study. PhDs are awarded for programs across the whole breadth of academic fields. Because it is an earned research degree, those studying for a PhD are required to produce original research that expands the boundaries of knowledge, normally in the form of a [[thesis]] or dissertation, and defend their work against experts in the field. The completion of a PhD is often a requirement for employment as a [[university professor]], [[research]]er, or [[scientist]] in many fields.<ref>{{Cite news |date=16 December 2010 |title=The disposable academic |work=[[The Economist]] |url=https://www.economist.com/christmas-specials/2010/12/16/the-disposable-academic}}</ref> Individuals who have earned a Doctor of Philosophy degree may, in many jurisdictions, use the title ''[[Doctor (title)|Doctor]]'' (often abbreviated "Dr" or "Dr.") with their name, although the proper etiquette associated with this usage may also be subject to the professional ethics of their own scholarly field, culture, or society. Those who teach at universities or work in academic, educational, or research fields are usually addressed by this title "professionally and socially in a salutation or conversation."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hickey |first=Robert |title=How address the holder of a Doctorate |url=http://www.formsofaddress.info/Doctorate.html |access-date=2018-08-23 |website=FormsOfAddress.info}}</ref> Alternatively, holders may use [[post-nominal letters]] such as "Ph.D.", "PhD", or "DPhil" (depending on the awarding institution). It is, however, considered incorrect to use both the title and post-nominals at the same time.<ref>{{Cite news |title=How to Correctly Use the Titles Dr. & PhD With a Name {{!}} Synonym |url=https://classroom.synonym.com/how-to-correctly-use-the-titles-dr-phd-with-a-name-12082451.html |access-date=2018-08-23}}</ref>

The specific requirements to earn a PhD degree vary considerably according to the country, institution, and time period, from entry-level research degrees to [[doctorate|higher doctorates]]. During the studies that lead to the degree, the student is called a ''doctoral student'' or ''PhD student''; a student who has completed all their coursework and [[comprehensive examination]]s and is working on their [[thesis]]/dissertation is sometimes known as a ''doctoral candidate'' or ''PhD candidate'' (see: [[all but dissertation]]). A student attaining this level may be granted a [[Candidate of Philosophy]] degree at some institutions or may be granted a master's degree ''en route'' to the doctoral degree. Sometimes this status is also colloquially known as "PhD ABD," meaning "[[All But Dissertation]]."<ref>{{Cite news |last=Schuman |first=Rebecca |date=2014-08-01 |title=ABD Company |work=Slate |url=http://www.slate.com/articles/life/education/2014/08/abds_all_but_dissertation_ph_d_candidates_who_can_t_quite_finish.html |access-date=2018-08-23 |issn=1091-2339}}</ref>

A PhD candidate must submit a project, thesis, or dissertation often consisting of a body of original academic research, which is in principle worthy of publication in a [[Peer review|peer-reviewed]] journal.<ref name="ReferenceA">{{Cite journal |last1=Dinham |first1=S. |last2=Scott |first2=C. |year=2001 |title=The Experience of Disseminating the Results of Doctoral Research |journal=Journal of Further and Higher Education |volume=25 |pages=45–55 |doi=10.1080/03098770020030498|s2cid=146687739 }}</ref> In many countries, a candidate must [[Thesis defense|defend]] this work before a panel of expert examiners appointed by the university. Universities sometimes award other types of [[doctorate]] besides the PhD, such as the [[Doctor of Musical Arts]] (D.M.A.) for music performers, [[Doctor of Juridical Science]] (S.J.D.) for legal scholars and the [[Doctor of Education]] (Ed.D.) for studies in education. In 2005 the [[European Universities Association]] defined the "Salzburg Principles," 10 basic principles for third-cycle degrees (doctorates) within the [[Bologna Process]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kirsti Koch Christensen |date=2005 |title=BOLOGNA SEMINAR: DOCTORAL PROGRAMMES FOR THE EUROPEAN KNOWLEDGE SOCIETY |url=http://eua.be/eua/jsp/en/upload/Salzburg_Report_final.1129817011146.pdf |publisher=European Universities Association}}</ref> These were followed in 2016 by the "Florence Principles," seven basic principles for doctorates in the arts laid out by the [[European League of Institutes of the Arts]], which have been endorsed by the [[European Association of Conservatoires]], the [[International Association of Film and Television Schools]], the International Association of Universities and Colleges of Art, Design and Media, and the [[Society for Artistic Research]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=THE 'FLORENCE PRINCIPLES' ON THE DOCTORATE IN THE ARTS |url=http://www.elia-artschools.org/userfiles/File/customfiles/1-the-florence-principles20161124105336_20161202112511.pdf}}</ref>

In some countries like [[China]] and [[Japan]], a recipient of doctorate in disciplines such as [[engineering]] and [[pharmacy]] where professional degrees (for example, [[Doctor of Engineering|EngD]] and [[Doctor of Pharmacy|PharmD]]) are usually awarded in the western countries, is called a PhD regardless. It is not uncommon that the person's title or diploma be translated into English as PhD in (that discipline).<ref>{{Cite web |title=学位 : academic degree... : xué wèi | Definition | Mandarin Chinese Pinyin English Dictionary | Yabla Chinese |url=https://chinese.yabla.com/chinese-english-pinyin-dictionary.php?define=%E5%AD%A6%E4%BD%8D |website=chinese.yabla.com}}</ref> In these countries, the distinction between professional doctorates and PhDs is less significant.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Qualifications and Degrees: Understanding the Chinese Dual-Credential System |url=https://www.chsi.com.cn/en/news/201312/20131202/663878204.html |access-date=2019-08-28}}</ref>

In the context of the Doctor of Philosophy and other similarly titled degrees, the term "philosophy" does not refer to the field or academic discipline of [[philosophy]], but is used in a broader sense in accordance with its original Greek meaning, which is "love of wisdom." In most of Europe, all fields (history, philosophy, [[social science]]s, mathematics, and [[natural philosophy]]/[[natural science|sciences]])<ref>{{Cite book |last=Chang |first=Sooyoung |title=Academic Genealogy of Mathematicians |publisher=World Scientific |year=2010 |page=183|doi=10.1142/7420 |isbn=978-981-4282-29-1 }}</ref> other than [[theology]], [[law]], and [[medicine]] (the so-called professional, vocational, or technical curriculum) were traditionally known as philosophy, and in Germany and elsewhere in Europe the basic faculty of [[liberal arts education|liberal arts]] was known as the "faculty of philosophy."

{{toc limit}}

==Terminology==
The degree is abbreviated PhD (sometimes Ph.D. in the USA), from the Latin ''Philosophiae Doctor'', pronounced as three separate letters ({{IPAc-en|p|iː|eɪ|tʃ|ˈ|d|iː}}).<ref>{{Cite web |title=PhD |url=https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/phd |access-date=27 January 2017 |website=Oxford Living Dictionaries – British and World English |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Ph.D. |url=https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/us/ph.d. |access-date=27 January 2017 |website=Oxford Living Dictionaries – North American English |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite encyclopedia |title=PhD |encyclopedia=[[Merriam-Webster]] |url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/PhD |access-date=27 January 2017}}</ref> The abbreviation DPhil, from the English 'Doctor of Philosophy',<ref>{{Cite book |last=Robert Currie |title=The History of the University of Oxford: The twentieth century |date=1994 |publisher=[[Clarendon Press]] |isbn=9780198229742 |editor-last=Brian Harrison |page=125 |chapter=The Arts and Social Studies, 1914–1939 |quote=Very few persons had received even an honorary DLitt by 1916 when the Reverend E. M. Walker, Senior Tutor of [[The Queen's College, Oxford|Queen's]], proposed, as the ''[[Oxford Magazine]]'' put it, that the University 'should divert the stream' of American aspirants to the German universities' degree of ''philosophiae doctor'' by opening the DLitt to persons offering a suitable dissertation nine terms after graduation. Apart from a successful move led by Sidney Ball, philosophy tutor at [[St John's College, Oxford|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OP5ePl7i5EIC&pg=PA125 |St John's]], to distinguish the proposed arrangement from both the DLitt and the German PhD by adopting the English title 'doctor of philosophy' (DPhil), the scheme meet with little opposition}}</ref> is used by a small number of British and [[Commonwealth of Nations|Commonwealth]] universities, including [[University of Oxford|Oxford]], formerly [[University of York|York]], and [[University of Sussex|Sussex]],<ref name="sussex-dphil">{{Cite web |date=2020 |title=MPhil/DPhil in Life History Research |url=http://www.sussex.ac.uk/clhlwr/courses/mphildphil |access-date=26 April 2020 |publisher=Centre for Life History and Life Writing Research, [[University of Sussex]] |location=UK}}</ref> as the abbreviation for degrees from those institutions.<ref>{{Cite web |title=What is a DPhil? |url=https://uni-of-oxford.custhelp.com/app/answers/detail/a_id/185 |publisher=University of Oxford |quote=A DPhil is the Oxford term for a PhD.}}</ref>

==History==


=== Medieval and early modern Europe ===
In the [[Medieval university|universities of Medieval Europe]], study was organized in four faculties: the basic faculty of arts, and the three higher faculties of theology, medicine, and law ([[canon law]] and [[civil law (legal system)|civil law]]). All of these faculties awarded intermediate degrees (bachelor of arts, of theology, of laws, of medicine) and final degrees. Initially, the titles of master and doctor were used interchangeably for the final degrees—the title ''Doctor'' was merely a formality bestowed on a Teacher/Master of the art—but by the late [[Middle Ages]] the terms Master of Arts and Doctor of Theology/Divinity, Doctor of Law, and Doctor of Medicine had become standard in most places (though in the German and Italian universities the term ''Doctor'' was used for all faculties).

The doctorates in the higher faculties were quite different from the current PhD degree in that they were awarded for advanced scholarship, not original [[research]]. No [[thesis|dissertation]] or original work was required, only lengthy residency requirements and examinations. Besides these degrees, there was the [[Licentiate (degree)|licentiate]]. Originally this was a license to teach, awarded shortly before the award of the [[Master degree|master's]] or doctoral degree by the diocese in which the university was located, but later it evolved into an [[academic degree]] in its own right, in particular in the continental universities.

According to Keith Allan Noble (1994), the first doctoral degree was awarded in medieval Paris around 1150.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Allan Noble |first=Keith |year=2001 |title=''Changing doctoral degrees: an international perspective'', Society for Research into Higher Education, 1994, p. 8; Bourner, T., Bowden, R., & Laing, S. (2001). "Professional doctorates in England |journal=Studies in Higher Education |volume=26 |issue=1 |pages=65–88 |doi=10.1080/03075070020030724}}</ref> The doctorate of philosophy developed in Germany as the terminal [[teacher's credential]] in the 17th century (''circa'' 1652). There were no PhDs in Germany before the 1650s (when they gradually started replacing the MA as the highest academic degree; arguably, one of the earliest German PhD holders is [[Erhard Weigel]] (Dr. phil. hab., Leipzig, 1652).{{citation needed|date=February 2017}}

In theory, the full course of studies might, for example, lead in succession to the degrees of [[Bachelor of Arts]], [[Licentiate of Arts]], [[Master of Arts]], or [[Bachelor of Medicine]], Licentiate of Medicine, or [[Doctor of Medicine]], but before the early modern era, many exceptions to this existed. Most students left the university without becoming masters of arts, whereas regulars (members of monastic orders) could skip the arts faculty entirely.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Pedersen |first=Olaf |title=The first universities: Studium generale and the origins of university education in Europe |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=1997 |isbn=978-0-521-59431-8}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=de Ridder-Symoens |first=Hilde |title=A history of the university in Europe: Universities in the Middle Ages |title-link=A History of the University in Europe |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=2003 |isbn=978-0-521-36105-7}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Rashdall |first=Hastings |title=The universities of Europe in the Middle Ages |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=1964}}</ref>

=== Educational reforms in Germany ===
This situation changed in the early 19th century through the educational reforms in Germany, most strongly embodied in the model of the [[Humboldt University of Berlin|University of Berlin]], founded and controlled by the [[Prussian government]] in 1810. The arts faculty, which in Germany was labelled the faculty of philosophy, started demanding contributions to research,<ref name="Redefining the Doctorate">{{Cite book |last=Park |first=C. |url=https://www2.le.ac.uk/departments/gradschool/about/external/publications/redefining-the-doctorate.pdf |title=Redefining the Doctorate |publisher=The Higher Education Academy |year=2007 |location=York, UK |page=4}}</ref> attested by a dissertation, for the award of their final degree, which was labelled Doctor of Philosophy (abbreviated as Ph.D.)—originally this was just the German equivalent of the Master of Arts degree. Whereas in the Middle Ages the arts faculty had a set curriculum, based upon the [[trivium (education)|trivium]] and the [[quadrivium]], by the 19th century it had come to house all the courses of study in subjects now commonly referred to as sciences and humanities.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Rüegg |first=Walter |title=A History of the University in Europe: Volume 3, Universities in the Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Centuries (1800–1945) |publisher=Cambridge University Press}}</ref> Professors across the humanities and sciences focused on their advanced research.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Turner |first=R. Steven |year=1971 |title=The Growth of Professorial Research in Prussia, 1818 to 1848-Causes and Context |journal=Historical Studies in the Physical Sciences |volume=3 |pages=137–182 |doi=10.2307/27757317 |jstor=27757317}}</ref> Practically all the funding came from the central government, and it could be cut off if the professor was politically unacceptable.{{Relevance inline|date=May 2015}}<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Lenoir |first=Timothy |year=1998 |title=Revolution from above: The Role of the State in Creating the German Research System, 1810-1910 |journal=The American Economic Review |volume=88 |issue=2 |pages=22–27 |jstor=116886}}</ref>

These reforms proved extremely successful, and fairly quickly the German universities started attracting foreign students, notably from the United States. The American students would go to Germany to obtain a PhD after having studied for a bachelor's degrees at an American college. So influential was this practice that it was imported to the United States, where in 1861 [[Yale University]] started granting the PhD degree to younger students who, after having obtained the bachelor's degree, had completed a prescribed course of graduate study and successfully defended a [[thesis]] or dissertation containing original research in science or in the humanities.<ref>See, for instance, {{Cite journal |last=Rosenberg |first=R. P. |year=1962 |title=Eugene Schuyler's Doctor of Philosophy Degree: A Theory Concerning the Dissertation |journal=The Journal of Higher Education |volume=33 |issue=7 |pages=381–386 |doi=10.2307/1979947 |jstor=1979947}}</ref> In Germany, the name of the doctorate was adapted after the philosophy faculty started being split up − e.g. Dr. rer. nat. for doctorates in the faculty of natural sciences − but in most of the English-speaking world the name "Doctor of Philosophy" was retained for research doctorates in all disciplines.

The PhD degree and similar awards spread across Europe in the 19th and early 20th centuries. The degree was introduced in France in 1808, replacing [[diploma]]s as the highest academic degree; into Russia in 1819, when the ''[[Doktor Nauk]]'' degree, roughly equivalent to a PhD, gradually started replacing the [[specialist diploma]], roughly equivalent to the MA, as the highest academic degree; and in Italy in 1927, when PhDs gradually started replacing the [[Laurea]] as the highest academic degree.{{citation needed|date=February 2017}}

===History in the United Kingdom ===
[[File:PhD graduand shaking hands with Sir Dominic Cadbury, the Chancellor of the University of Birmingham - 20120705.jpg|thumb|left|upright=0.9|A new PhD graduate from the [[University of Birmingham]], wearing a [[Tudor bonnet|doctor's bonnet]], shakes hands with the Chancellor]]

Research degrees first appeared in the UK in the late 19th century in the shape of the [[Doctor of Science]] (DSc or ScD) and other such "higher doctorates." The [[University of London]] introduced the DSc in 1860, but as an advanced study course, following on directly from the BSc, rather than a research degree. The first higher doctorate in the modern sense was [[Durham University]]'s DSc, introduced in 1882.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Tina Barnes |url=http://www.ukcge.ac.uk/Media/Download.aspx%3FMediaId%3D1328 |title=Higher Doctorates in the UK 2013 |date=2013 |publisher=UK Council for Graduate Education |isbn=978-0-9563812-7-9 |page=6 |format=PDF |quote=The UK higher doctorate has a long history with the first (a DSc) being offered by Durham University in 1882}}{{Dead link|date=June 2019 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> This was soon followed by other universities, including the [[University of Cambridge]] establishing its ScD in the same year and the [[University of London]] transforming its DSc into a research degree in 1885. These were, however, very advanced degrees, rather than research-training degrees at the PhD level—[[Harold Jeffreys]] said that getting a Cambridge ScD was "more or less equivalent to being proposed for the Royal Society."<ref name="maths PhD history">{{Cite web |last=John Aldrich |title=The Mathematics PhD in the United Kingdom: Historical Notes for the Mathematics Genealogy Project |url=http://www.economics.soton.ac.uk/staff/aldrich/Doc1.htm}}</ref>

Finally, in 1917, the current PhD degree was introduced, along the lines of the American and German model, and quickly became popular with both British and foreign students.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Simpson, Renate |title=How the PhD came to Britain: A Century of Struggle for Postgraduate Education |date=June 1983 |publisher=Open University Press |isbn=978-0-900868-95-5}}</ref> The slightly older degrees of Doctor of Science and Doctor of Literature/Letters still exist at British universities; together with the much older degrees of [[Doctor of Divinity]] (DD), [[Doctor of Music]] (DMus), [[Doctor of Civil Law]] (DCL) and [[Doctor of Medicine]] (MD), they form the higher doctorates, but apart from honorary degrees, they are only infrequently awarded.

In the English (but not the Scottish) universities, the Faculty of Arts had become dominant by the early 19th century. Indeed, the higher faculties had largely atrophied, since medical training had shifted to teaching hospitals,<ref>C. Singer and S.W.F. Holloway, Early Medical Education in England in Relation to the Pre-History of the University of London, Med Hist. 1960 January; 4(1): 1–17.</ref> the legal training for the common law system was provided by the [[Inns of Court]] (with some minor exceptions, see [[Doctors' Commons]]), and few students undertook formal study in theology. This contrasted with the situation in the continental European universities at the time, where the preparatory role of the Faculty of Philosophy or Arts was to a great extent taken over by secondary education: in modern France, the [[Baccalauréat]] is the examination taken at the end of secondary studies. The reforms at the [[Humboldt University]] transformed the Faculty of Philosophy or Arts (and its more recent successors such as the Faculty of Sciences) from a lower faculty into one on a par with the Faculties of Law and Medicine.

Similar developments occurred in many other continental European universities, and at least until reforms in the early 21st century, many European countries (e.g., Belgium, Spain, and the Scandinavian countries) had in all faculties triple degree structures of bachelor (or candidate) − licentiate − doctor as opposed to bachelor − master − doctor; the meaning of the different degrees varied from country to country, however. To this day, this is also still the case for the pontifical degrees in theology and canon law; for instance, in [[sacred theology]], the degrees are [[Bachelor of Sacred Theology]] (STB), [[Licentiate of Sacred Theology]] (STL), and [[Doctor of Sacred Theology]] (STD), and in [[canon law]]: [[Bachelor of Canon Law]] (JCB), [[Licentiate of Canon Law]] (JCL), and [[Doctor of Canon Law]] (JCD).

===History in the United States ===
[[File:Ph D diploma Arthur William Wright Yale University 1861.jpg|thumb|right|upright=1.2|A [[Yale University]] PhD diploma from 1861.]]

Until the mid-19th century, advanced degrees were not a criterion for professorships at most colleges. That began to change as the more ambitious scholars at major schools went to Germany for 1 to 3 years to obtain a PhD in the sciences or humanities.<ref>Carl Diehl, ''Americans and German scholarship, 1770–1870'' (1978).</ref><ref>Henry Geitz, Jürgen Heideking, and Jurgen Herbst, eds. ''German influences on education in the United States to 1917'' (1995).</ref> [[Graduate school]]s slowly emerged in the United States. In 1861, Yale awarded the first three earned PhDs in North America to [[Eugene Schuyler]], [[Arthur Williams Wright]], and James Morris Whiton,<ref name="Rosenberg">{{Cite journal |last=Rosenberg |first=Ralph P. |date=1961 |title=The First American Doctor of Philosophy Degree: A Centennial Salute to Yale, 1861–1961 |journal=Journal of Higher Education |volume=32 |issue=7 |pages=387–394 |doi=10.2307/1978076 |jstor=1978076}}</ref> although honorary PhDs had been awarded in the US for almost a decade, with [[Bucknell University]] awarding the first to Ebenezer Newton Elliott in 1852.<ref name="HonPhD">{{Cite book |last1=John Seiler Brubacher |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0O1yXnXkWIsC&pg=PA192 |title=Higher Education in Transition: A History of American Colleges and Universities |last2=Willis Rudy |date=1 January 1997 |publisher=Transaction Publishers |isbn=9781412815383 |page=192}}</ref>

In the next two decades, New York University, the University of Pennsylvania, Harvard, and Princeton also began granting the degree. Major shifts toward graduate education were foretold by the opening of [[Clark University]] in 1887 which offered only graduate programs and the [[Johns Hopkins University]] which focused on its PhD program. By the 1890s, Harvard, Columbia, Michigan and Wisconsin were building major graduate programs, whose alumni were hired by new research universities. By 1900, 300 PhDs were awarded annually, most of them by six universities. It was no longer necessary to study in Germany.<ref>[[Roger L. Geiger]], "Research, graduate education, and the ecology of American universities: An interpretive history." in Lester F. Goodchild and Harold S. Weschler, eds., '' The History of Higher Education'' (2nd ed, 1997), pp 273–89</ref><ref>Laurence R. Veysey, ''The emergence of the American university'' (1970) is the standard history; see pp 121–79.</ref> However, half of the institutions awarding earned PhDs in 1899 were undergraduate institutions that granted the degree for work done away from campus.<ref name=HonPhD/> Degrees awarded by universities without legitimate PhD programs accounted for about a third of the 382 doctorates recorded by the US Department of Education in 1900, of which another 8–10% were honorary.<ref name=NSF/>

At the start of the 20th century, US universities were held in low regard internationally and many American students were still traveling to Europe for PhDs. The lack of centralised authority meant anyone could start a university and award PhDs. This led to the formation of the [[Association of American Universities]] by 14 leading research universities (producing nearly 90% of the approximately 250 legitimate research doctorates awarded in 1900), with one of the main goals being to "raise the opinion entertained abroad of our own Doctor's Degree."<ref name="NSF">{{Cite web |last1=Lori Thurgood |last2=Mary J. Golladay |last3=Susan T. Hill |date=October 2006 |title=Historical Background |url=http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/nsf06319/chap2.cfm |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://wayback.archive-it.org/5902/20160210224027/http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/nsf06319/chap2.cfm |archive-date=10 February 2016 |website=U.S. Doctorates in the 20th Century |publisher=[[National Science Foundation]] |df=dmy-all}}</ref>

In Germany, the national government funded the universities and the research programs of the leading professors. It was impossible for professors who were not approved by Berlin to train [[graduate student]]s. In the United States, by contrast, private universities and state universities alike were independent of the federal government. Independence was high, but funding was low. The breakthrough came from private foundations, which began regularly supporting research in science and history; large corporations sometimes supported engineering programs. The postdoctoral fellowship was established by the [[Rockefeller Foundation]] in 1919. Meanwhile, the leading universities, in cooperation with the learned societies, set up a network of scholarly journals. "[[Publish or perish]]" became the formula for faculty advancement in the research universities. After World War II, state universities across the country expanded greatly in undergraduate enrollment, and eagerly added research programs leading to masters or doctorate degrees. Their graduate faculties had to have a suitable record of publication and research grants. Late in the 20th century, "publish or perish" became increasingly important in colleges and smaller universities.<ref>Christopher Jencks and David Riesman. The academic revolution (1968) ch 1.</ref>

== Requirements ==
[[File:BJCroome UCT PhD Graduation 2008.jpg|thumb|right|upright=1.2|A South African PhD graduate (on right, wearing ceremonial gown)]]
Detailed requirements for the award of a PhD degree vary throughout the world and even from school to school. It is usually required for the student to hold an [[Honours degree]] or a [[Master's Degree]] with high academic standing, in order to be considered for a PhD program.{{citation needed|date=January 2014}} In the US, Canada, India, and Denmark, for example, many universities require coursework in addition to research for PhD degrees. In other countries (such as the UK) there is generally no such condition, though this varies by university and field.<ref>Indeed there is a 'new route' to the PhD in some UK institutions where in an individual may complete a series of postgraduate level taught courses as a part of the doctoral programme. This is called the 'New Route PhD', an integrated PhD that resembles somewhat the American PhD program. For a list of programmes and institutions offering the 'new route' see http://www.newroutephd.ac.uk/</ref> Some individual universities or departments specify additional requirements for students not already in possession of a [[bachelor's degree]] or equivalent or higher. In order to submit a successful PhD admission application, copies of academic transcripts, letters of recommendation, a research proposal, and a personal statement are often required. Most universities also invite for a special interview before admission.

A candidate must submit a project, [[thesis|thesis, or dissertation]] often consisting of a body of original academic research, which is in principle worthy of publication in a [[Peer review|peer-reviewed]] context.<ref name="ReferenceA" /> Moreover, some PhD programs, especially in science, require one to three published articles in peer-reviewed journals.
In many countries, a candidate must [[Thesis defense|defend]] this work before a panel of expert examiners appointed by the university; in other countries, the dissertation is examined by a panel of expert examiners who stipulate whether the dissertation is in principle passable and any issues that need to be addressed before the dissertation can be passed.

Some universities in the non-[[English language|English]]-speaking world have begun adopting similar standards to those of the anglophone PhD degree for their research doctorates (see the [[Bologna process]]).<ref>The term "doctor of philosophy" is not always applied by those countries to graduates in disciplines other than [[philosophy]] itself. These doctoral degrees, however, are sometimes identified in English as PhD degrees.</ref>

A PhD student or candidate is conventionally required to study on campus under close supervision. With the popularity of distance education and e-learning technologies, some universities now accept students enrolled into a distance education part-time mode.

In a "[[sandwich degree|sandwich]] PhD" program, PhD candidates do not spend their entire study period at the same university. Instead, the PhD candidates spend the first and last periods of the program at their home universities and in between conduct research at another institution or [[field research]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Categories of PhD Candidates |url=https://www.wur.nl/en/Education-Programmes/PhD-Programme/Categories-of-PhD-Candidates.htm |website=Wageningen University}}; {{cite web | url = http://www.rug.nl/fmns-research/career/PhDScholarships/GrantsPhD | title = PhD scholarship programmes | work = University of Groningen Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science}}; {{cite web | url = http://www.informatik.uni-kl.de/en/studium/studiengaenge/promprog/sandwichprom | title = Sandwich PhD | work = echnissche Universitat Kaiserslautern}}</ref> Occasionally a "sandwich PhD" will be awarded by two universities.<ref>{{Cite news |date=11 February 2012 |title=Higher education: Agreement reached with Glasgow for 'sandwich' PhD |work=Express Tribune |url=http://tribune.com.pk/story/334682/higher-education-agreement-reached-with-glasgow-for-sandwich-phd/}}</ref>

=== PhD confirmation ===
A ''PhD confirmation'' is a preliminary presentation or lecture that a PhD candidate presents to faculty and possibly other interested members.{{Where?|date=January 2017}} The lecture follows after a suitable topic has been identified, and can include such matters as the aim of the research, methodology, first results, planned (or finished) publications, etc.

The confirmation lecture can be seen as a trial run for the final public defense, though faculty members at this stage can still largely influence the direction of the research. At the end of the lecture, the PhD candidate can be seen as "confirmed" – faculty members give their approval and trust that the study is well directed and will with high probability result in the candidate being successful.

In the United States, this is generally called advancing to Candidacy, the confirmation event being called the Candidacy Examination.

== Value and criticism ==
A career in academia generally requires a PhD, though, in some countries, it is possible to reach relatively high positions without a doctorate. In North America, professors are increasingly being required to have a PhD, and the percentage of faculty with a PhD may be used as a university ratings measure.<ref>{{Cite web |title=2009 FT rankings table and criteria list |url=http://rankings.ft.com/exportranking/global-mba-rankings/pdf}}</ref>

The motivation may also include increased [[salary]], but in many cases, this is not the result. Research by Bernard H. Casey of the University of Warwick, U.K, suggests that, over all subjects, PhDs provide an earnings premium of 26% over non-accredited graduates, but notes that master's degrees already provide a premium of 23% and a bachelor's 14%. While this is a small return to the individual (or even an overall deficit when tuition and lost earnings during training are accounted for), he claims there are significant benefits to society for the extra research training.<ref>{{Cite journal |year=2009 |title=The economic contribution of Ph.D.s |url=http://www.informaworld.com/smpp/content~db=all~content=a912992314 |volume=31 |issue=3 |journal=Journal of Higher Education Management and Policy}}</ref>
However, some research suggests that overqualified workers are often less satisfied and less productive at their jobs.<ref name="Economist" /> These difficulties are increasingly being felt by graduates of professional degrees, such as law school, looking to find employment. PhD students may need to take on debt to undertake their degree.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2012-05-06 |title=From Graduate School to Welfare |work=The Chronicle of Higher Education |url=http://www.chronicle.com/article/From-Graduate-School-to/131795/ |access-date=2017-11-12}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Even A PhD Couldn't Keep This Man Off Food Stamps |work=Business Insider |url=http://www.businessinsider.com/this-mans-phd-hasnt-kept-him-off-food-stamps-or-the-unemployment-line-2012-5 |access-date=2017-11-12}}</ref>

A PhD is also required in some positions outside academia, such as research jobs in major international agencies. In some cases, the Executive Directors of some types of foundations may be expected to hold a PhD{{citation needed|date=January 2017}}. A PhD is sometimes felt to be a necessary qualification in certain areas of employment, such as in foreign policy think-tanks: [[U.S. News]] wrote in 2013 that "[i]f having a master's degree at the minimum is ''de rigueur'' in Washington's foreign policy world, it is no wonder many are starting to feel that the PhD is a necessary escalation, another case of costly [[signaling (economics)|signaling]] to potential employers."<ref name="Alikhan">{{Cite news |last=Alikhan |first=Faris |date=2 October 2013 |title=The Peril of Credential Creep in Foreign Policy |work=U.S. News |url=https://www.usnews.com/opinion/blogs/world-report/2013/10/02/the-peril-of-credential-creep-in-foreign-policy}}]</ref> Similarly, an article on the Australian public service states that "[[credentialism]] in the public service is seeing a dramatic increase in the number of graduate positions going to PhDs and masters degrees becoming the base entry level qualification."<ref>{{Cite news |last=Hare |first=Julie |date=3 April 2014 |title=More PhDs enter public service |work=The Australian |url=http://www.theaustralian.com.au/higher-education/more-phds-enter-public-service/story-e6frgcjx-1226872615004}}</ref>

''[[The Economist]]'' published an article in 2010 citing various criticisms against the state of PhDs. These included a prediction by economist [[Richard B. Freeman]] that, based on pre-2000 data, only 20% of life science PhD students would gain a faculty job in the U.S., and that in Canada 80% of [[postdoctoral research]] fellows earned less than or equal to an average construction worker ($38,600 a year). According to the article, only the fastest developing countries (e.g. China or Brazil) have a shortage of PhDs.<ref name="Economist">{{Cite news |date=2010-12-18 |title=Doctoral degrees: The disposable academic |work=The Economist |url=https://www.economist.com/node/17723223 |url-access=limited |access-date=25 December 2012}}</ref>

The US higher education system often offers little incentive to move students through PhD programs quickly and may even provide incentive to slow them down. To counter this problem, the United States introduced the [[Doctor of Arts]] degree in 1970 with seed money from the [[Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching]]. The aim of the Doctor of Arts degree was to shorten the time needed to complete the degree by focusing on pedagogy over research, although the Doctor of Arts still contains a significant research component. Germany is one of the few nations engaging these issues, and it has been doing so by reconceptualising PhD programs to be training for careers, outside academia, but still at high-level positions. This development can be seen in the extensive number of PhD holders, typically from the fields of law, engineering, and economics, at the very top corporate and administrative positions. To a lesser extent, the UK research councils have tackled the issue by introducing, since 1992, the [[EngD]].{{Citation needed|reason=Reliable source needed for the Paragraph|date=January 2017}}{{clarify|reason=Appears to be conflating time to move through degrees in the U.S. and issues of training within PhDs in Germany and the U.K.|date=January 2017}}

[[Mark C. Taylor (philosopher)|Mark C. Taylor]] opined in 2011 in ''[[Nature (journal)|Nature]]'' that total reform of PhD programs in almost every field is necessary in the U.S. and that pressure to make the necessary changes will need to come from many sources (students, administrators, public and private sectors, etc.).<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Taylor |first=M. |year=2011 |title=Reform the PhD system or close it down |journal=Nature |volume=472 |issue=7343 |pages=261 |bibcode=2011Natur.472..261T |doi=10.1038/472261a |pmid=21512530 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Other articles in ''Nature'' have also examined the issue of PhD reform.<ref name="doi10.1038/nj7343-381a">{{Cite journal |last=Fiske |first=P. |year=2011 |title=What is a PhD really worth? |journal=Nature |volume=472 |issue=7343 |pages=381 |doi=10.1038/nj7343-381a |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Anon |year=2011 |title=Fix the PhD: No longer a guaranteed ticket to an academic career, the PhD system needs a serious rethink |journal=Nature |volume=472 |issue=7343 |pages=259–260 |bibcode=2011Natur.472R.259. |doi=10.1038/472259b |pmid=21512527|s2cid=205063761 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Cyranoski |first1=D. |last2=Gilbert |first2=N. |last3=Ledford |first3=H. |last4=Nayar |first4=A. |last5=Yahia |first5=M. |year=2011 |title=Education: The PhD factory |journal=Nature |volume=472 |issue=7343 |pages=276–279 |bibcode=2011Natur.472..276C |doi=10.1038/472276a |pmid=21512548 |doi-access=free}}</ref>

[[Freeman Dyson]], professor emeritus at the [[Institute for Advanced Study]] in [[Princeton, New Jersey|Princeton]], was opposed to the PhD system and did not have a PhD degree.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Lin |first=Thomas |date=26 March 2014 |title=A 'Rebel' Without a Ph.D. |work=Quanta Magazine |url=https://www.quantamagazine.org/a-math-puzzle-worthy-of-freeman-dyson-20140326/ |access-date=2017-11-11}}</ref> On the other hand, it was understood by all his peers that he was a world leading scientist with many accomplishments already under his belt during his graduate study years and he was eligible to gain the degree at any given moment.

=== National variations ===
In German-speaking nations, most Eastern European nations, successor states of the former Soviet Union, most parts of Africa, Asia, and many Spanish-speaking countries, the corresponding degree to a Doctor of Philosophy is simply called "Doctor" (''Doktor''), and the subject area is distinguished by a Latin suffix (e.g., "Dr. med." for ''{{lang|la|Doctor medicinae}}'', Doctor of Medicine; "Dr. rer. nat." for ''{{lang|la|Doctor rerum naturalium}}'', Doctor of the Natural Sciences; "Dr. phil." for ''{{lang|la|Doctor philosophiae}}'', Doctor of Philosophy; "[[Doctor of Laws#Germany|Dr. iur.]]" for ''{{lang|la|Doctor iuris}}'', Doctor of Laws).<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Albrecht Behmel |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oivuDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA42 |title=The Foreigner's Guide to German Universities: Origin, Meaning, and Use of Terms and Expressions in Everyday University Life |last2=Kelly Neudorfer |date=11 October 2016 |publisher=[[Columbia University Press]] |isbn=9783838268323 |page=42 |author-link=Albrecht Behmel}}</ref>

== Degrees around the globe ==
{{Main|List of doctoral degrees awarded by country}}
{{See also|Doctor (title)#Worldwide usage|Doctorate#Practice by country}}

The [[UNESCO]], in its [[International Standard Classification of Education]] (ISCED), states that: "Programmes to be classified at ISCED level 8 are referred to in many ways around the world such as PhD, DPhil, D.Lit, D.Sc, LL.D, Doctorate or similar terms. However, it is important to note that programmes with a similar name to 'doctor' should only be included in ISCED level 8 if they satisfy the criteria described in Paragraph 263. For international comparability purposes, the term 'doctoral or equivalent' is used to label ISCED level 8."<ref>{{Cite web |title=Paragraph 262 International Standard Classification of Education (ISCED) 2011 |url=http://www.unesco.org/ulis/cgi-bin/ulis.pl?catno=211619&set=4F3F2872_2_352&database=gctd&gp=0&lin=1&ll=1}}</ref>

=== Argentina ===
{{See also|Education in Argentina}}

==== Admission ====
In Argentina, the admission to a PhD program at public Argentine University requires the full completion of a [[Master's degree]] or a [[Licentiate (degree)|Licentiate]] degree. Non-Argentine Master's titles are generally accepted into a PhD program when the degree comes from a recognized university.

==== Funding ====
While a significant portion of postgraduate students finance their tuition and living costs with teaching or research work at private and state-run institutions, international institutions, such as the Fulbright Program and the Organization of American States (OAS), have been known to grant full scholarships for tuition with apportions for housing.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Scholarships in Argentina |url=http://spuweb.siu.edu.ar/studyinargentina/pages/study1203.php |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100507074830/http://spuweb.siu.edu.ar/studyinargentina/pages/study1203.php |archive-date=7 May 2010 |access-date=2010-04-28 |publisher=Spuweb.siu.edu.ar}}</ref>

==== Requirements for completion ====
Upon completion of at least two years' research and coursework as a graduate student, a candidate must demonstrate truthful and original contributions to their specific field of knowledge within a frame of academic excellence.<ref>{{Cite web |title=GFME: Global Foundation for Management Education |url=http://www.gfme.org/global_guide/pdf/13-18%20Argentina.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061031095524/http://www.gfme.org/global_guide/pdf/13-18%20Argentina.pdf |archive-date=2006-10-31 |access-date=2010-04-28}}</ref> The doctoral candidate's work should be presented in a dissertation or thesis prepared under the supervision of a tutor or director and reviewed by a Doctoral Committee. This committee should be composed of examiners that are external to the program, and at least one of them should also be external to the institution. The academic degree of Doctor, respective to the correspondent field of science that the candidate has contributed with original and rigorous research, is received after a successful defense of the candidate's dissertation.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Comisión Nacional de Evaluación y Acreditación Universitaria |url=http://www.coneau.edu.ar/index.php?item=29&apps=16&id=428&act=ver&idioma=en |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100825184546/http://www.coneau.edu.ar/index.php?item=29&apps=16&id=428&act=ver&idioma=en |archive-date=25 August 2010 |access-date=2010-04-28 |publisher=Coneau.edu.ar |language=es}}</ref>

=== Australia ===
{{See also|Education in Australia|Australian Qualifications Framework}}

==== Admission ====
Admission to a PhD program in Australia requires applicants to demonstrate capacity to undertake research in the proposed field of study. The standard requirement is a bachelor's degree with either first-class or upper second-class honors. Research master's degrees and coursework master's degrees with a 25% research component are usually considered equivalent. It is also possible for research master's degree students to "upgrade" to PhD candidature after demonstrating sufficient progress.

==== Scholarships ====
PhD students are sometimes offered a scholarship to study for their PhD degree. The most common of these was the government-funded [[Australian Postgraduate Award]] (APA) until its dissolution in 2017. It was replaced by Research Training Program (RTP), awarded to students of "exceptional research potential," which provides a living stipend to students of approximately A$27,000 a year (tax-free). RTPs are paid for a duration of 3 years, while a 6-month extension is usually possible upon citing delays out of the control of the student.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Home, Graduate Research, University of Tasmania, Australia |url=http://www.utas.edu.au/graduate-research/scholarships/domestic-scholarships/australian-postgraduate-awards |access-date=2013-07-02 |publisher=Utas.edu.au}}</ref> Some universities also fund a similar scholarship that matches the APA amount. Due to a continual increase in living costs, many PhD students are forced to live under the poverty line.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=ABC |year=2008 |title=PhD students living below poverty line |url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2008/04/30/2231306.htm |journal=ABC News |volume=2008 |issue=April |pages=1–2}}</ref> In addition to the more common RTP and university scholarships, Australian students have other sources of scholarship funding, coming from industry, private enterprise, and organisations.

==== Fees ====
Australian citizens, permanent residents, and New Zealand citizens are not charged course fees for their PhD or research master's degree, with the exception in some universities of the student services and amenities fee (SSAF) which is set by each university and typically involves the largest amount allowed by the Australian government. All fees are paid for by the Australian government, except for the SSAF, under the Research Training Program.<ref>{{Cite web |year=2011 |title=HEIMSHELP: Information about requirements and procedures for higher education and VET providers |url=http://www.heimshelp.deewr.gov.au/2_Glossary/R/RESEARCH_TRAINING_SCHEME_RTS.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080730123806/http://www.heimshelp.deewr.gov.au/2_Glossary/R/RESEARCH_TRAINING_SCHEME_RTS.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=2008-07-30 |publisher=DEEWR}}</ref> International students and coursework master's degree students must pay course fees unless they receive a scholarship to cover them.

==== Requirements for completion ====
Completion requirements vary. Most Australian PhD programs do not have a required coursework component. The credit points attached to the degree are all in the product of the research, which is usually an 80,000-word thesis{{citation needed|date=April 2018}} that makes a significant new contribution to the field. Recent pressure on [[Postgraduate education#Types of postgraduate degrees|higher degree by research (HDR)]] students to publish has resulted in increasing interest in [[Thesis by publication|Ph.D by publication]] as opposed to the more traditional Ph.D by dissertation, which typically requires a minimum of two publications, but which also requires traditional thesis elements such as an introductory exegesis, and linking chapters between papers.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Jackson |first=Denise |date=22 April 2013 |title=Completing a PhD by publication: a review of Australian policy and implications for practice |url=https://ro.ecu.edu.au/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1014&context=ecuworks2013 |journal=Higher Education Research & Development |volume=32 |issue=3 |pages=355–368 |doi=10.1080/07294360.2012.692666 |s2cid=145372065 |ref=jackson2013completing}}</ref> The PhD thesis is sent to external examiners who are experts in the field of research and who have not been involved in the work. Examiners are nominated by the candidate's university, and their identities are often not revealed to the candidate until the examination is complete. A formal oral defence is generally not part of the examination of the thesis, largely because of the distances that would need to be travelled by the overseas examiners; however, since 2016, some there is a trend toward implementing this in many Australian universities. At the University of South Australia, PhD candidates who started after January 2016 now undertake an oral defence via an online conference with two examiners.{{citation needed|date=August 2019}}

=== Canada ===
{{unreferenced section|date=November 2017}}

==== Admission ====
Admission to a doctoral programme at a Canadian university usually requires completion of a [[Master's degree]] in a related field, with sufficiently high grades and proven research ability. In some cases, a student may progress directly from an [[Honours degree|Honours]] [[Bachelor's degree]] to a PhD program; other programs allow a student to fast-track to a doctoral program after one year of outstanding work in a Master's program (without having to complete the Master's).

An application package typically includes a research proposal, letters of reference, transcripts, and in some cases, a writing sample or [[Graduate Record Examinations]] scores. A common criterion for prospective PhD students is the comprehensive or qualifying examination, a process that often commences in the second year of a graduate program. Generally, successful completion of the qualifying exam permits continuance in the graduate program. Formats for this examination include oral examination by the student's faculty committee (or a separate qualifying committee), or written tests designed to demonstrate the student's knowledge in a specialized area (see below) or both.

At English-speaking universities, a student may also be required to demonstrate English language abilities, usually by achieving an acceptable score on a standard examination (for example the [[Test of English as a Foreign Language]]). Depending on the field, the student may also be required to demonstrate ability in one or more additional languages. A prospective student applying to French-speaking universities may also have to demonstrate some English language ability.

==== Funding ====
While some students work outside the university (or at student jobs within the university), in some programs students are advised (or must agree) not to devote more than ten hours per week to activities (e.g., employment) outside of their studies, particularly if they have been given funding. For large and prestigious scholarships, such as those from [[NSERC]] and Fonds québécois de la recherche sur la nature et les technologies, this is an absolute requirement.

At some Canadian universities, most PhD students receive an award equivalent to part or all of the tuition amount for the first four years (this is sometimes called a tuition deferral or tuition waiver). Other sources of funding include [[teaching assistant]]ships and research assistantships; experience as a teaching assistant is encouraged but not requisite in many programs. Some programs may require all PhD candidates to teach, which may be done under the supervision of their supervisor or regular faculty. Besides these sources of funding, there are also various competitive scholarships, bursaries, and awards available, such as those offered by the federal government via [[Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council|NSERC]], [[Canadian Institutes of Health Research|CIHR]], or [[Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council|SSHRC]].

==== Requirements for completion ====
In general, the first two years of study are devoted to completion of coursework and the [[comprehensive examination]]s. At this stage, the student is known as a "PhD student" or "doctoral student." It is usually expected that the student will have completed most of their required coursework by the end of this stage. Furthermore, it is usually required that by the end of eighteen to thirty-six months after the first registration, the student will have successfully completed the comprehensive exams.

Upon successful completion of the comprehensive exams, the student becomes known as a "PhD candidate." From this stage on, the bulk of the student's time will be devoted to their own research, culminating in the completion of a PhD thesis or dissertation. The final requirement is an oral defense of the thesis, which is open to the public in some, but not all, universities. At most Canadian universities, the time needed to complete a PhD degree typically ranges from four to six years. It is, however, not uncommon for students to be unable to complete all the requirements within six years, particularly given that funding packages often support students for only two to four years; many departments will allow program extensions at the discretion of the thesis supervisor or department chair. Alternative arrangements exist whereby a student is allowed to let their registration in the program lapse at the end of six years and re-register once the thesis is completed in draft form. The general rule is that graduate students are obligated to pay tuition until the initial thesis submission has been received by the thesis office. In other words, if a PhD student defers or delays the initial submission of their thesis they remain obligated to pay fees until such time that the thesis has been received in good standing.

=== Colombia ===

==== Admission ====
In Colombia, the PhD course admission may require a master's degree (Magíster) in some universities, specially public universities. However, it could also be applied for a direct doctorate in specific cases, according to the jury's recommendations on the thesis proposal.

==== Funding ====
Most of postgraduate students in Colombia must finance their tuition fees by means of teaching assistant seats or research works. Some institutions such as [[Colciencias]], Colfuturo, CeiBA, and Icetex grant scholarships or provide awards in the form of forgivable loans.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Colciencias Call for Scholarships in Colombia |url=http://www.colciencias.gov.co/newconvocatorias2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141217025345/http://www.colciencias.gov.co/newconvocatorias2014 |archive-date=17 December 2014 |access-date=2015-03-04}}</ref>

==== Requirements for completion ====
After two or two and a half years, it is expected that the research work of the doctoral candidate be submitted in the form of oral qualification, where suggestions and corrections about the research hypothesis and methodology, as well as on the course of the research work, are performed. The PhD degree is only received after a successful defense of the candidate's thesis is performed (four or five years after the enrollment), most of the time also requiring the most important results having been published in at least one peer-reviewed high-impact international journal.

=== Finland ===
In Finland, the degree of ''filosofian tohtori'' (abbreviated ''FT'') is awarded by traditional universities, such as [[University of Helsinki]]. A Master's degree is required, and the doctorate combines approximately 4–5 years of research (amounting to 3–5 scientific articles, some of which must be first-author) and 60 ECTS points of studies.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Matemaattis-luonnontieteellinen tiedekunta |url=http://www.helsinki.fi/ml/jatko-opiskelu/jatkotutkinnot.html |website=helsinki.fi}}</ref> Other universities such as [[Aalto University]] award degrees such as ''tekniikan tohtori'' (''TkT'', engineering), ''taiteen tohtori'' (''TaT'', art), etc., which are translated in English to [[Doctor of Science]] (D.Sc.), and they are formally equivalent. The [[Licentiate (degree)|licentiate]] (''filosofian lisensiaatti'' or ''FL'') requires only 2–3 years of research and is sometimes done before an FT.

=== France ===

==== History ====
{{See also|Doctorate#France}}
Before 1984 three research doctorates existed in France: the [[State doctorate]] (''doctorat d'État'', the old doctorate introduced in 1808), the third cycle doctorate (''doctorat de troisième cycle'', created in 1954 and shorter than the State doctorate) and the diploma of doctor-engineer (''diplôme de docteur-ingénieur ''created in 1923), for technical research. After 1984, only one type of doctoral degree remained, called "doctorate" (''Doctorat''). The latter is equivalent to the PhD.

==== Admission ====
Students pursuing the PhD degree must first complete a master's degree program, which takes two years after graduation with a bachelor's degree (five years in total). The candidate must find funding and a formal [[doctoral advisor]] (Directeur de thèse) with a [[habilitation]] throughout the doctoral program.

The PhD admission is granted by a [[graduate school#France|graduate school (in French, "école doctorale")]]. A PhD candidate can follow some in-service training offered by the graduate school while continuing their research in a laboratory. Their research may be carried out in a laboratory, at a university, or in a company. In the last case, the company hires the candidate and they are supervised by both the company's tutor and a lab's professor. The validation of the PhD degree requires generally 3 to 4 years after the master's degree.

==== Funding ====
The financing of PhD research comes mainly from funds for research of the French Ministry of Higher Education and Research. The most common procedure is a short-term [[employment contract]] called doctoral contract: the institution of higher education is the employer and the PhD candidate the employee. However, the candidate can apply for funds from a company, which can host them at its premises (as in the case where PhD candidates do their research at a company). In another possible situation, the company and the institute can sign a funding agreement together so that the candidate still has a public doctoral contract but is works at the company on a daily basis (for example, this is particularly the case for the [[Foundation (nonprofit)|(French) Scientific Cooperation Foundation]]). Many other resources come from some regional/city projects, some associations, etc.

=== Germany ===
{{See also|Education in Germany}}

==== Admission ====
In [[Germany]], admission to a doctoral program is generally on the basis of having an advanced degree (i.e., a [[master's degree]], ''[[diplom]]'', [[Magister (degree)|''magister'']], or ''[[staatsexamen]]''), mostly in a related field and having above-average grades. A candidate must also find a [[tenure]]d [[professor]] from a university to serve as the formal advisor and supervisor (''Betreuer'') of the [[dissertation]] throughout the doctoral program.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Requirements - Research in Germany |url=http://www.research-in-germany.org/en/jobs-and-careers/info-for-phd-students/language-requirements.html |access-date=22 February 2020 |website=Research-in-Germany.org |publisher=(German) Federal Ministry of Education and Research }}</ref> This supervisor is informally referred to as ''Doktorvater'' or ''Doktormutter'', which literally translate to "doctor's father" and "doctor's mother" respectively. The formal admission is the beginning of the so-called ''Promotionsverfahren'', while the final granting of the degree is called ''Promotion''.

The duration of the doctorate depends on the field. A doctorate in medicine may take less than a full-time year to complete; those in other fields, two to six years. Most doctorates are awarded with specific Latin designations for the field of research (except for engineering, where the designation is German), instead of a general name for all fields (such as the [[Ph.D.]]). The most important degrees are:
* ''[[Dr. rer. nat.]]'' (''rerum naturalium''; [[Natural science|natural]] and [[Formal science|formal]] sciences, i.e. physics, chemistry, biology, mathematics, computer science and information technology, or psychology);
* ''Dr. phil.'' (''philosophiae''; humanities such as philosophy, philology, history, and social sciences such as sociology, political science, or psychology as well);
* ''Dr. iur.'' (''iuris''; law);
* ''Dr. oec.'' (''oeconomiae''; economics);
* ''Dr. rer. pol.'' (''rerum politicarum''; economics, business administration, political science);
* ''Dr. theol.'' (''theologiae''; theology);
* ''Dr. med.'' (''medicinae''; medicine);
* ''Dr. med. dent.'' (''medicinae dentariae''; dentistry);
* ''Dr. med. vet.'' (''medicinae veterinariae''; veterinary medicine);
* ''[[Doktoringenieur|Dr.-Ing.]]'' (engineering).

Over fifty such designations exist, many of them rare or no longer in use. As a title, the degree is commonly written in front of the name in abbreviated form, e.g., ''Dr. rer. nat. Max Mustermann'' or ''Dr. Max Mustermann'', dropping the designation entirely. However, leaving out the designation is only allowed when the doctorate degree is not an honorary doctorate, which must be indicated by ''Dr. h.c.'' (from Latin honoris causa).

While most German doctorates are considered equivalent to the PhD, an exception is the medical doctorate, where "doctoral" dissertations are often written alongside undergraduate study. The [[European Research Council]] decided in 2010 that those doctorates do not meet the international standards of a PhD research degree.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Sarah Schmidt |date=1 October 2015 |title=Kommt ein Doktor zum Arzt ... |work=[[Süddeutsche Zeitung]] |url=http://www.sueddeutsche.de/bildung/qualitaet-medizinischer-promotionen-kommt-ein-doktor-zum-arzt--1.2673150}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Bernd Kramer |date=28 September 2015 |title=Akademische Ramschware |work=[[Der Spiegel]] |url=http://www.spiegel.de/lebenundlernen/uni/von-der-leyen-in-der-kritik-schlechte-promotionen-sind-in-der-medizin-ueblich-a-1055039.html}}</ref> There are different forms of university-level institution in Germany, but only professors from "Universities" (Univ.-Prof.) can serve as doctoral supervisors – "Universities of Applied Sciences" ([[Fachhochschule]]n) are not entitled to award doctorates,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Higher Education in Germany: Hochschulen vs. Universities |url=http://www.topuniversities.com/blog/higher-education-germany-hochschulen-vs-universities |access-date=2015-02-10 |publisher=Quacquarelli Symonds Limited}}</ref> although some exceptions apply to this rule.<ref>{{Cite web |title=ZEIT ONLINE | Lesen Sie zeit.de mit Werbung oder imPUR-Abo. Sie haben die Wahl. |url=https://www.zeit.de/zustimmung?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.zeit.de%2F2016%2F48%2Fpromotion-fachhochschule-pro-contra |website=www.zeit.de}}</ref>

==== Structure ====
Depending on the university, doctoral students (''Doktoranden'') can be required to attend formal classes or lectures, some of them also including exams or other scientific assignments, in order to get one or more certificates of qualification (''Qualifikationsnachweise''). Depending on the doctoral regulations (''Promotionsordnung'') of the university and sometimes on the status of the doctoral student, such certificates may not be required. Usually, former students, research assistants or lecturers from the same university, may be spared from attending extra classes. Instead, under the tutelage of a single professor or advisory committee, they are expected to conduct independent research. In addition to doctoral studies, many doctoral candidates work as teaching assistants, research assistants, or lecturers.

Many universities have established research-intensive ''[[Graduiertenkolleg]]s'' ("graduate colleges"), which are [[graduate school]]s that provide funding for doctoral studies.

==== Duration ====
The typical duration of a doctoral program can depend heavily on the subject and area of research. Usually, three to five years of full-time research work are required. The average time to graduation is 4.5 years.<ref>[https://www.academics.de/ratgeber/promotion-dauer Academics.de: Zeitspanne der Promotion: Dauer im Durchschnitt]</ref>

In 2014, the median age of new PhD graduates was 30.4 years.<ref name="occ">{{Citation |title=Bestandene Prüfungen |url=https://www.destatis.de/DE/ZahlenFakten/GesellschaftStaat/BildungForschungKultur/Hochschulen/Tabellen/BestandenePruefungenGruppen.html |publisher=Statistisches Bundesamt |access-date=2016-03-30}}</ref>

=== India ===
{{More citations needed|date=November 2020}}
In India, generally, a master's degree is required to gain admission to a doctoral program. Direct admission to a PhD programme after bachelors is also offered by the [[Indian Institutes of Technology|IITs]], the [[Indian Institutes of Information Technology|IIITs]], the [[National Institutes of Technology|NITs]] and the [[Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research]]. In some subjects, doing a Masters in Philosophy (M.Phil.) is a prerequisite to starting a PhD For funding/[[Research fellow|fellowship]], it is required to qualify for the [[National Eligibility Test]] for Lectureship and Junior Research fellowship (NET for LS and JRF) conducted by the [[National Testing Agency]] (NTA).<ref name="Ugc.ac.in">{{Cite web|date=1988-07-22|title=N E T, Inside H E, University Grants Commission|url=http://www.ugc.ac.in/inside/net.html|access-date=2010-02-07|publisher=Ugc.ac.in}}</ref>

In the last few years, there have been many changes in the rules relating to a PhD in India. According to the new rules described by UGC, universities must have to conduct entrance exams in general ability and the selected subject. After clearing these tests, the shortlisted candidates need to appear for an interview with the available supervisor/guide. After successful completion of the coursework, the students are required to give presentations of the research proposal (plan of work or synopsis) at the beginning, submit progress reports, give a pre-submission presentation and finally defend the [[thesis]] in an open defence [[wikt:viva voce|viva-voce]].

=== Italy ===

==== History ====
The ''[[Dottorato di ricerca]]'' (research doctorate), abbreviated to "Dott. Ric." or "PhD", is an academic title awarded at the end of a course of not less than three years, admission to which is based on entrance examinations and academic rankings in the Bachelor of Arts ("[[Laurea]]", a three-year diploma) and Master of Arts ("Laurea Magistrale" a two-year diploma). While the standard PhD follows the [[Bologna process]], the [[MD–PhD]] programme may be completed in two years.

The first institution in Italy to create a doctoral program (PhD) was [[Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa]] in 1927 under the historic name ''"Diploma di Perfezionamento"''.<ref>{{Cite news |date=26 April 2012 |title=Student Guidebook, Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa |url=http://download.sns.it/SNSguida_eng.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120426041947/http://download.sns.it/SNSguida_eng.pdf |archive-date=26 April 2012 }}</ref><ref name="sns.it">{{Cite web |title=STATUTO DELLA SCUOLA NORMALE SUPERIORE DI PISA (legge 18 giugno 1986, n. 308) |url=http://atticd.sns.it/2004-05/aprile/all_08_A.pdf |website=sns.it}}</ref>
Further, the research doctorates or PhD (''{{lang|it|Dottorato di ricerca}}'') in Italy were introduced by law and Presidential Decree in 1980,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Law of February 21, 1980, No. 28 |url=http://www.italgiure.giustizia.it/nir/1980/lexs_88887.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111104111953/http://www.italgiure.giustizia.it/nir/1980/lexs_88887.html |archive-date=4 November 2011 |df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Decreto Presidente Repubblica 11 luglio 1980, n. 382 |url=http://www.edscuola.it/archivio/norme/decreti/dpr382_80.html |website=www.edscuola.it}}</ref> referring to the reform of academic teaching, training and experimentation in organisation and teaching methods.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Law of 21 February 1980, No. 28 |url=http://www.italgiure.giustizia.it/nir/1980/lexs_88887.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111104111953/http://www.italgiure.giustizia.it/nir/1980/lexs_88887.html|archive-date=4 November 2011}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Decreto Presidente Repubblica 11 luglio 1980, n. 382 |url=http://www.edscuola.it/archivio/norme/decreti/dpr382_80.html |website=edscuola.it}}</ref>

Hence, the [[Superior Graduate Schools in Italy]]<ref name="ricercaitaliana.it">{{Cite web |title=ResearchItaly, Pagina di transizione |url=http://www.ricercaitaliana.it/scuole_eccellenza.htm |website=ricercaitaliana.it}}</ref> (''{{lang|it|Scuola Superiore Universitaria}}''),<ref name="bompard2000">{{Cite web |last=Bompard |first=Paul |date=18 February 2000 |title=Italy's big six form network for elite |url=http://www.timeshighereducation.co.uk/story.asp?storyCode=150222&sectioncode=26 |website=Times Higher Education}}</ref> also called ''Schools of Excellence'' (''{{lang|it|Scuole di Eccellenza}}'')<ref name="ricercaitaliana.it" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Scuole, Scuole di Eccellenza |url=http://scuoledieccellenza.it/ |website=scuoledieccellenza.it}}</ref> such as [[Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa]] and [[Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies]] still keep their reputed historical ''"Diploma di Perfezionamento"'' PhD title by [[law]]<ref name="sns.it" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Article 3 of the Law of 14 February 1987, No.41 | L. 14 febbraio 1987, n. 41 Istituzione della Scuola superiore di studi universitari e di perfezionamento S. Anna di Pisa |url=http://www.sssup.it/UploadDocs/7768_Legge_istitutiva_SSSA.pdf}}</ref> and [[MIUR]] Decree.<ref>{{Cite web |title=SITO IN MANUTENZIONE |url=https://www.istruzione.it/avviso_agli_utenti/non_valido.html |website=www.istruzione.it}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Università in Italia, Ministry of Education, Universities and Research (MIUR) |url=http://guidalaureebiennali.miur.it/pdf/2008/05_Universita.pdf}}</ref>

==== Admission ====
Doctorate courses are open, without age or citizenship limits, to all those who already hold a "[[Laurea|laurea magistrale]]" (master degree) or similar academic title awarded abroad which has been recognised as equivalent to an Italian degree by the Committee responsible for the entrance examinations.

The number of places on offer each year and details of the entrance examinations are set out in the examination announcement.

=== Poland ===
A doctoral degree ([[Polish language|Pol.]] ''doktor''), abbreviated to PhD (Pol. ''dr'') is an advanced academic degree awarded by universities in most fields as well as by the [[Polish Academy of Sciences]], regulated by the [[Polish parliament]] acts and the government orders, in particular by the [[Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Republic of Poland]]. Commonly, students with a master's degree or equivalent are accepted to a doctoral entrance exam. The title of PhD is awarded to a scientist who has completed a minimum of three years of PhD studies (Pol. ''studia doktoranckie''; not required to obtain PhD), finished a theoretical or laboratory scientific work, passed all PhD examinations; submitted the [[Thesis (academic document)|dissertation]], a document presenting the author's research and findings,<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Master A |display-authors=etal |year=2010 |title=Untranslated regions of thyroid hormone receptor beta 1 mRNA are impaired in human clear cell renal cell carcinoma |url=https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00623298/file/PEER_stage2_10.1016%252Fj.bbadis.2010.07.025.pdf |journal=Biochim Biophys Acta |volume=1802 |issue=11 |pages=995–1005 |doi=10.1016/j.bbadis.2010.07.025 |pmid=20691260|doi-access=free }}</ref> and successfully defended the doctoral thesis. Typically, upon completion, the candidate undergoes an oral examination, always public, by a supervisory committee with expertise in the given discipline.

=== Scandinavia ===
The doctorate was introduced in Sweden in 1477 and in [[Denmark-Norway]] in 1479 and awarded in theology, law, and medicine, while the [[Magister (degree)|magister's degree]] was the highest degree at the Faculty of Philosophy, equivalent to the doctorate.

Scandinavian countries were among the early adopters of a degree known as a doctorate of philosophy, based upon the German model. Denmark and Norway both introduced the Dr. Phil(os). degree in 1824, replacing the Magister's degree as the highest degree, while [[Uppsala University]] of Sweden renamed its Magister's degree ''Filosofie Doktor'' (fil. dr) in 1863. These degrees, however, became comparable to the German [[Habilitation]] rather than the doctorate, as Scandinavian countries did not have a separate Habilitation.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Dommasnes |first1=Liv Helga |title=Excavating women: a history of women in European archaeology |last2=Else Johansen Kleppe |last3=Gro Mandt |last4=Jenny-Rita Næss |publisher=Routledge |year=1998 |isbn=978-0-415-15760-5 |editor-last=Margarita Díaz-Andreu García and Marie Louise Stig Sørensen |location=London |chapter=Women archeologists in retrospect, The Norwegian case |quote=... a Dr. philos. degree, which is the highest academic degree in Norway, roughly equivalent to the German Doktor Habilitation. Traditionally, this degree, which was considered a prerequisite for obtaining top positions within academia, was earned rather late in life, often after one had passed 50 years of age.}}</ref>

The degrees were uncommon and not a prerequisite for employment as a professor; rather, they were seen as distinctions similar to the British (higher) doctorates ([[DLitt]], [[DSc]]). Denmark introduced an American-style PhD, the ph.d., in 1989; it formally replaced the [[Licentiate (degree)|Licentiate]]'s degree and is considered a lower degree than the dr. phil. degree; officially, the ph.d. is not considered a doctorate, but unofficially, it is referred to as "the smaller doctorate," as opposed to the dr. phil., "the grand doctorate." Holders of a ph.d. degree are not entitled to style themselves as "Dr."<ref name="cfa">{{Cite web |last=Vestergaard |first=Elisabeth |year=2006 |title=Den danske forskeruddannelse. Rapporter, evalueringer og anbefalinger 1992–2006 |url=http://www.cfa.au.dk/fileadmin/site_files/filer_forskningsanalyse/dokumenter/Notater/Notat_2006_3.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110719120623/http://www.cfa.au.dk/fileadmin/site_files/filer_forskningsanalyse/dokumenter/Notater/Notat_2006_3.pdf |archive-date=19 July 2011 |quote=Aarhus: Dansk Center for Forskningsanalyse}}</ref> Currently Denmark distinctions between the dr. phil. as the proper doctorate and a higher degree than the ph.d., whereas in Norway, the historically analogous dr. philos. degree is officially regarded as equivalent to the new ph.d. Today, the Norwegian PhD degree is awarded to candidates who have completed a supervised doctoral programme at an institution,<ref name="Lovdata AHO">{{Cite web |date=8 December 2011 |title=Forskrift for graden philosophiae doctor (ph.d.) ved Arkitektur- og designhøgskolen i Oslo (AHO) |url=https://lovdata.no/dokument/SF/forskrift/2016-10-26-1442?q=ph.d. |access-date=23 October 2018 |website=Lovdata}}</ref> while candidates with a master's degree who have conducted research on their own may submit their work for a Dr. Philos. defence at a relevant institution.<ref name="Lovdata UiO">{{Cite web |date=19 August 2011 |title=Forskrift for graden doctor philosophiae (dr.philos.) ved Universitetet i Oslo |url=https://lovdata.no/dokument/SF/forskrift/2011-01-05-841?q=doctor%20philosophiae |access-date=23 October 2018 |website=Lovdata |language=no}}</ref> PhD candidates must complete one trial lecture before they can defend their thesis,<ref name="Lovdata AHO" /> whereas Dr. Philos. candidates must complete two trial lectures.<ref name="Lovdata UiO" />

In Sweden, the doctorate of philosophy was introduced at [[Uppsala University]]'s Faculty of Philosophy in 1863. In Sweden, the Latin term is officially translated into Swedish ''filosofie doktor'' and commonly abbreviated fil. dr or FD. The degree represents the traditional Faculty of Philosophy and encompasses subjects from biology, physics, and chemistry, to languages, history, and social sciences, being the highest degree in these disciplines. Sweden currently has two research-level degrees, the Licentiate's degree, which is comparable to the Danish degree formerly known as the Licentiate's degree and now as the ph.d., and the higher doctorate of philosophy, ''Filosofie Doktor''. Some universities in Sweden also use the term ''teknologie doktor'' for doctorates awarded by institutes of technology (for doctorates in engineering or natural science related subjects such as materials science, molecular biology, computer science etc.). The Swedish term fil. dr is often also used as a translation of corresponding degrees from e.g. Denmark and Norway.

=== Singapore ===
Singapore has six universities offering doctoral study opportunities: [[National University of Singapore]], [[Nanyang Technological University]], [[Singapore Management University]], [[Singapore Institute of Technology]], [[Singapore University of Technology and Design]], and [[Singapore University of Social Sciences]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mather-L’Huillier |first=Nathalie |title=Why do your PhD in Singapore? |url=https://www.findaphd.com/study-abroad/asia/phd-study-in-singapore.aspx |access-date=13 March 2018 |website=FindAPhD }}</ref>

=== Spain ===
Doctoral degrees are regulated by ''Real Decreto'' (Royal Decree in [[Spanish language|Spanish]]) 99/2011 from the 2014/2015 academic year.<ref>{{Cite web |title=BOE.es - Documento BOE-A-2011-2541 |url=https://www.boe.es/diario_boe/txt.php?id=BOE-A-2011-2541 |website=www.boe.es}}</ref> They are granted by a university on behalf of the King, and its diploma has the force of a public document. The Ministry of Science keeps a National Registry of Theses called TESEO.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Teseo |url=https://www.educacion.gob.es/teseo/listarBusqueda.do |archive-url=https://archive.today/20121218020750/https://www.educacion.gob.es/teseo/listarBusqueda.do |url-status=dead |archive-date=2012-12-18 |website=educacion.gob.es}}</ref>

All doctoral programs are of a research nature. The studies should include original results and can take a maximum of three years, although this period can be extended under certain circumstances to 5 years.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Artículo 3.2 del Real Decreto 99/2011, de 28 de enero, por el que se regulan las enseñanzas oficiales de doctorado |url=https://www.boe.es/buscar/act.php?id=BOE-A-2011-2541#a3 |access-date=2018-07-04 |publisher=BOE.es}}</ref>

The student must write their thesis presenting a new discovery or original contribution to science. If approved by her or his "thesis director (or directors)," the study will be presented to a panel of 3-5 distinguished scholars. Any doctor attending the public presentations is allowed to challenge the candidate with questions on their research. If approved, they will receive the doctorate. Four marks can be granted: Unsatisfactory, Pass, Satisfactory, and Excellent. "Cum laude" (with all honours, in Latin) denomination can be added to the Excellent ones if all five members of the tribunal agree.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Artículo 14 del Real Decreto 99/2011, de 28 de enero, por el que se regulan las enseñanzas oficiales de doctorado |url=https://www.boe.es/buscar/act.php?id=BOE-A-2011-2541#a14 |access-date=2018-07-04 |publisher=BOE.es}}</ref>

The social standing of doctors in Spain was evidenced by the fact that [[Philip III of Spain|Philip III]] let PhD holders to take seat and cover their heads during an act in the University of Salamanca in which the King took part so as to recognise their merits. This right to cover their heads in the presence of the King is traditionally reserved in Spain to [[Grandees]] and [[Duke]]s. The concession is remembered in solemn ceremonies held by the University by telling Doctors to take seat and cover their heads as a reminder of that royal leave.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Raíces de las normas y tradiciones del protocolo y ceremonial universitario actual: las universidades del Antiguo Régimen y los actos de colación. Protocolo y Etiqueta |url=http://www.protocolo.org/gest_web/proto_Seccion.pl?rfID=459&arefid=2871&pag=8 |access-date=2010-04-28 |publisher=Protocolo.org |language=es}}</ref>

All Doctor Degree holders are reciprocally recognized as equivalent in Germany and Spain ("Bonn Agreement of November 14, 1994").<ref>{{Cite web |date=1995-05-24 |title=Boletín Oficial del Estado. Texto del Documento |url=http://www.boe.es/buscar/doc.php?id=BOE-A-1995-12243 |access-date=2015-11-11 |publisher=Boe.es}}</ref>

=== Ukraine ===
Starting in 2016,<ref>{{Cite web |date=17 September 2016 |title=Урядовий портал - найновіші надходження документів КМУ |url=http://www.kmu.gov.ua/control/ua/cardnpd?docid=248945529 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160917233058/http://www.kmu.gov.ua/control/ua/cardnpd?docid=248945529 |archive-date=17 September 2016 }}</ref> in Ukraine Doctor of Philosophy (PhD, {{lang-uk|Доктор філософії}}) is the highest education level and the first science degree. PhD is awarded in recognition of a substantial contribution to scientific knowledge, origination of new directions and visions in science. A PhD degree is a prerequisite for heading a university department in Ukraine. Upon completion of a PhD, a PhD holder can elect to continue their studies and get a post-doctoral degree called "Doctor of Sciences" (DSc. {{lang-uk|Доктор наук}}), which is the second and the highest science degree in Ukraine.

=== United Kingdom ===
{{See also|Doctorate#United Kingdom|l1=Doctorates in the United Kingdom}}

==== Admission ====
Universities admit applicants to PhD programs on a case-by-case basis; depending on the university, admission is typically conditional on the prospective student having completed an undergraduate degree with at least upper second-class honours or a postgraduate master's degree but requirements can vary.

In the case of the [[University of Oxford]], for example, "The one essential condition of being accepted … is evidence of previous academic excellence, and of future potential."<ref>{{Cite web |title=University of Oxford |url=http://www.ox.ac.uk/admissions/postgraduate_courses/index.html |access-date=2010-04-28 |publisher=Ox.ac.uk}}</ref> Some UK universities (e.g. [[University of Oxford|Oxford]]) abbreviate their Doctor of Philosophy degree as "DPhil", while most use the abbreviation "PhD"; but these are stylistic conventions, and the degrees are in all other respects equivalent. Commonly, students are first accepted onto an [[MPhil]] or [[MRes]] programme and may transfer to PhD regulations upon satisfactory progress, this is sometimes referred to as APG (Advanced Postgraduate) status. This is typically done after one or two years and the research work done may count towards the PhD degree. If a student fails to make satisfactory progress, they may be offered the opportunity to write up and submit for an MPhil degree,e.g. at [[King's College London]] and the [[University of Manchester]]. In many universities, the MPhil is also offered as a stand-alone research degree.

PhD students from countries outside the EU/EFTA area are required to comply with the [[Academic Technology Approval Scheme]] (ATAS), which involves undergoing a security clearance process with the [[Foreign and Commonwealth Office|Foreign Office]] for certain courses in medicine, mathematics, engineering and material sciences.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Advice for PHD/doctoral level students applying for an ATAS certificate |url=http://www.fco.gov.uk/en/fco-in-action/counter-terrorism/weapons/atas/who-atas/phd-or-other |website=FCO Counter terrorism & weapons proliferation staff|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080912050830/http://www.fco.gov.uk/en/fco-in-action/counter-terrorism/weapons/atas/who-atas/phd-or-other |archive-date=12 September 2008 }}. Retrieved 16 September 2008.</ref><ref name="bbcatas">{{Cite web |date=12 March 2007 |title=Postgrad checks worry scientists |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/education/6441263.stm |website=BBC News}}</ref> This requirement was introduced in 2007 due to concerns about overseas terrorism and weapons proliferation.<ref name="bbcatas" />

==== Funding ====
In the United Kingdom, funding for PhD students is sometimes provided by government-funded [[UK Research Councils|Research Councils]] or the [[European Social Fund]], usually in the form of a [[Income tax|tax-free]] [[bursary]] which consists of [[tuition fees]] together with a [[stipend]].<ref name=":0" /> Tuition fees are charged at different rates for "Home/EU" and "Overseas" students, generally £3,000–£6,000 per year for the former and £9,000–14,500 for the latter (which includes EU citizens who have not been normally resident in the [[European Economic Area|EEA]] for the last three years), although this can rise to over £16,000 at elite institutions. Higher fees are often charged for laboratory-based degrees.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Postgraduate fees in the UK |url=https://www.postgrad.com/fees_and_funding/fees/ |access-date=12 April 2017 |website=Postgrad.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=What is a PhD? |url=https://www.prospects.ac.uk/postgraduate-study/phd-study/what-is-a-phd |access-date=12 April 2017 |website=Prospects |publisher=Graduate Prospects Ltd |at=How much does it cost?}}</ref> {{As of|2020/21}}, the national indicative fee for PhD students is £4,407, increasing annually in line with GDP; there is no regulation of the fees charged by institutions, but if they charge a higher fee they may not require Research Council funded students to make up any difference themselves.<ref name=":0"/>

{{As of|2020/21}}, the national minimum stipend for Research Council funded students is £15,285 per year, increasing annually in line with GDP.<ref name=":0">{{cite web |title=Funding for research training|url=https://www.ukri.org/skills/funding-for-research-training/|publisher=UK Research and Innovation| access-date=13 September 2020}}</ref> The period of funding for a PhD project is between three and four years, depending on the rules of that funding council and the decisions of individual institutions,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://stfc.ukri.org/files/tg-frequently-asked-questions/|title=STFC TRAINING GRANTS (TGs) – ADDITIONAL INFORMATION AND FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS (FAQs)|publisher=STFC|date=March 2016|access-date=13 September 2020|format=PDF}}</ref> with extensions in funding of up to twelve months available to offset periods of absence for maternity leave, shared
parental leave, adoption leave, absences covered by a medical certificate, and extended
jury service.<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.ukri.org/files/funding/ukri-training-grant-terms-and-conditions-pdf/|title=Terms and conditions of training grants|date=March 2020|access-date=13 September 2020}}</ref> PhD work beyond this may be unfunded or funded from other sources. A very small number of scientific studentships are sometimes paid at a higher rate – for example, in London, Cancer Research UK, the ICR and the Wellcome Trust stipend rates start at around £19,000 and progress annually to around £23,000 a year; an amount that is tax and national insurance free. Research Council funding is distributed to Doctoral Training Partnerships and Centres for Doctoral Training, who are responsible for student selection, within the eligibility guidelines established by the Research Councils.<ref name=":0"/> The ESRC (Economic and Social Science Research Council), for example, explicitly state that a 2.1 minimum (or a master's degree) is required.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://esrc.ukri.org/skills-and-careers/doctoral-training/prospective-students/|title=Prospective students|at=Academic conditions|access-date=13 September 2020}}</ref>

Many students who are not in receipt of external funding may choose to undertake the degree part-time, thus reducing the tuition fees. The tuition fee per annum for part-time PhD degrees are typically 50 - 60% of the equivalent full-time doctorate.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-05-19 |title=Part Time PhD Guide - Fees, Durations, Benefits & Challenges |url=https://www.discoverphds.com/blog/part-time-phds |access-date=2020-05-20 |website=DiscoverPhDs }}</ref> However, since the duration of a part-time PhD degree is longer than a full-time degree, the overall cost may be the same or higher.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-10-09 |title=Check Out UCAS Advice On Postgrad Fees And Funding... |url=https://www.ucas.com/postgraduate/postgraduate-fees-and-funding |access-date=2020-05-20 |website=UCAS }}</ref> The part-time PhD degree option provides free time in which to earn money for subsistence. Students may also take part in tutoring, work as research assistants, or (occasionally) deliver lectures, at a rate of typically £12–14 per hour, either to supplement existing low income or as a sole means of funding.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Bray |first1=M. |last2=Kwok |first2=P. |year=2003 |title=Demand for private supplementary tutoring: Conceptual considerations, and socio-economic patterns in Hong Kong |journal=Economics of Education Review |volume=22 |issue=6 |pages=611–620 |doi=10.1016/S0272-7757(03)00032-3}}</ref>

==== Completion ====
[[File:Ph.D. gown, Cambridge University.jpg|thumb|left|upright=0.8|PhD gown, [[University of Cambridge]]]]

There is usually a preliminary assessment to remain in the program and the thesis is submitted at the end of a three- to four-year program. These periods are usually extended pro rata for part-time students. With special dispensation, the final date for the thesis can be extended for up to four additional years, for a total of seven, but this is rare.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The PhD is in need of revision |url=http://www.universityaffairs.ca/the-phd-is-in-need-of-revision.aspx#latest_data |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130731002541/http://www.universityaffairs.ca/the-phd-is-in-need-of-revision.aspx#latest_data |archive-date=31 July 2013 |access-date=5 June 2013 |website=UniversityAffairs.ca}}</ref>{{better source|reason=Data is for Canada, not the UK|date=September 2020}} For full-time PhDs, a 4-year time limit has now been fixed and students must apply for an extension to submit a thesis past this point. Since the early 1990s, British funding councils have adopted a policy of penalising departments where large proportions of students fail to submit their theses in four years after achieving PhD-student status (or pro rata equivalent) by reducing the number of funded places in subsequent years.<ref>{{Cite web |title=ESRC Society Today |url=http://www.esrcsocietytoday.ac.uk/ESRCInfoCentre/Images/res_grant_linked_studentships_tcm6-12550.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081029194816/http://www.esrcsocietytoday.ac.uk/ESRCInfoCentre/Images/res_grant_linked_studentships_tcm6-12550.pdf |archive-date=29 October 2008 |access-date=2010-04-28 |publisher=ESRC Society Today}}</ref> Inadvertently, this leads to significant pressure on the candidate to minimise the scope of projects with a view on thesis submission, regardless of quality, and discourage time spent on activities that would otherwise further the impact of the research on the community (e.g., publications in high-impact journals, seminars, workshops). Furthermore, supervising staff are encouraged in their career progression to ensure that the PhD students under their supervision finalise the projects in three rather than the four years that the program is permitted to cover. These issues contribute to an overall discrepancy between supervisors and PhD candidates in the priority they assign to the quality and impact of the research contained in a PhD project, the former favouring quick PhD projects over several students and the latter favouring a larger scope for their own ambitious project, training, and impact.{{citation needed|date=December 2016}}

There has recently been an increase in the number of Integrated PhD programs available, such as at the University of Southampton. These courses include a Master of Research (MRes) in the first year, which consists of a taught component as well as laboratory rotation projects. The PhD must then be completed within the next 3 years. As this includes the MRes all deadlines and timeframes are brought forward to encourage completion of both MRes and PhD within 4 years from commencement. These programs are designed to provide students with a greater range of skills than a standard PhD, and for the university, they are a means of gaining an extra years' fees from public sources.

==== Other doctorates ====
In the United Kingdom, PhD degrees are distinct from other doctorates, most notably the [[higher doctorate]]s such as [[Doctor of Letters|DLitt]] (Doctor of Letters) or [[Doctor of Science|DSc]] (Doctor of Science), which may be granted on the recommendation of a committee of examiners on the basis of a substantial portfolio of submitted (and usually published) research. However, some UK universities still maintain the option of submitting a thesis for the award of a higher doctorate.

Recent years have seen the introduction of professional doctorates, which are the same level as PhDs but more specific in their field.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Professional Doctorate |url=http://www.professionaldoctorates.com/explained.asp |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100528152539/http://www.professionaldoctorates.com/explained.asp |archive-date=28 May 2010 |access-date=2010-04-28}}</ref> Most tend not to be solely academic, but combine academic research, a taught component or a professional qualification. These are most notably in the fields of engineering ([[Engineering Doctorate|EngD]]), educational psychology (DEdPsych), occupational psychology (DOccPsych), clinical psychology (DClinPsych), health psychology (DHealthPsy), social work (DSW), nursing (DNP), public administration (DPA), business administration ([[Doctor of Business Administration|DBA]]), and music ([[Doctor of Musical Arts|DMA]]). A more generic degree also used is [[Doctor of Professional Studies|DProf or ProfD]]. These typically have a more formal taught component consisting of smaller research projects, as well as a 40,000–60,000-word thesis component, which together are officially considered equivalent to a PhD degree.

=== United States ===
{{Main|Graduate science education in the United States}}
{{Further|Doctorate#United States}}

In the United States, the PhD degree is the [[terminal degree|highest academic degree]] awarded by universities in most fields of study. There are 282 universities in the United States that award the PhD degree, and those universities vary widely in their criteria for admission, as well as the rigor of their academic programs.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Listing of Research I Universities |url=http://www.carnegiefoundation.org/classifications/index.asp?key=63&search_flag=true&ref=783&start=783&BASIC2005=15 |website=[[Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching]] |quote=282 is the sum of all three categories of doctoral universities}}</ref>

==== Requirements ====
US students typically undergo a series of three phases in the course of their work toward the PhD degree. The first phase consists of coursework in the student's field of study and requires one to three years to complete. This often is followed by a [[Comprehensive examination|preliminary]], a comprehensive examination, or a series of cumulative examinations where the emphasis is on breadth rather than depth of knowledge. The student is often later required to pass oral and written examinations in the field of specialization within the discipline, and here, depth is emphasized. Some PhD programs require the candidate to successfully complete requirements in [[pedagogy]] (taking courses on higher-level teaching and teaching undergraduate courses) or applied science (e.g., clinical practice and predoctoral clinical internship in PhD programs in [[clinical psychology|clinical]], [[counseling psychology|counseling]], or [[school psychology]]).{{Citation needed|date=May 2011}}

Another two to eight years are usually required for the composition of a substantial and original contribution to human knowledge in the form of a written [[dissertation]], which in the social sciences and humanities typically ranges from 50 to 450 pages. In many cases, depending on the discipline, a dissertation consists of a comprehensive literature review, an outline of methodology, and several chapters of scientific, social, historical, philosophical, or literary analysis. Typically, upon completion, the candidate undergoes an oral examination, sometimes public, by their supervisory committee with expertise in the given discipline.

Typically, PhD programs require applicants to have a bachelor's degree in a relevant field (and, in many cases in the humanities, a master's degree), reasonably high grades, several letters of recommendation, relevant academic coursework, a cogent statement of interest in the field of study, and satisfactory performance on a graduate-level exam specified by the respective program (e.g., [[Graduate Record Exam|GRE]], [[Graduate Management Admission Test|GMAT]]).<ref>{{Cite web |date=2009-12-15 |title=Wharton Doctoral Programs: Application Requirements |url=http://www.wharton.upenn.edu/doctoral/admissions/apply/requirements.cfm#scores |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100413174951/http://www.wharton.upenn.edu/doctoral/admissions/apply/requirements.cfm#scores |archive-date=13 April 2010 |access-date=2010-04-28 |publisher=Wharton.upenn.edu}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Doctoral admissions |url=http://www2.gsb.columbia.edu/doctoral/admissions |website=Columbia University in the City of New York|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071019065016/http://www2.gsb.columbia.edu/doctoral/admissions |archive-date=19 October 2007 }}</ref>

==== Duration, age structure, statistics (US) ====
Depending on the specific field of study, completion of a PhD program usually takes four to eight years of study after the [[Bachelor's Degree]]; those students who begin a PhD program with a master's degree may complete their PhD degree a year or two sooner.<ref name="usdoe">{{Cite news |date=2006-06-18 |title=Research Doctorate Programmes |publisher=US Department of Education |url=http://www.ed.gov/about/offices/list/ous/international/usnei/us/edlite-research-doctorate.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070303214708/http://www.ed.gov/about/offices/list/ous/international/usnei/us/edlite-research-doctorate.html |archive-date=2007-03-03}}</ref> As PhD programs typically lack the formal structure of undergraduate education, there are significant individual differences in the time taken to complete the degree. Overall, 57% of students who begin a PhD program in the US will complete their degree within ten years, approximately 30% will drop out or be dismissed, and the remaining 13% of students will continue on past ten years.<ref>{{Cite web |title=In humanities, ten years may not be enough to get a Ph.D. |url=https://www.chronicle.com/article/in-humanities-10-years-may-not-be-enough-to-get-a-ph-d/ |website=The Chronicle of Higher Education}}</ref>

The median age of PhD recipients in the US is 32 years. While many candidates are awarded their degree in their 20s, 6% of PhD recipients in the US are older than 45 years.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Dance|first=Amber|date=October 2017|title=Career change: It's never too late to switch|url=https://www.nature.com/articles/nj7675-289a|journal=Nature|language=en|volume=550|issue=7675|pages=289–291|doi=10.1038/nj7675-289a|issn=1476-4687}}</ref>

The '''number of PhD diplomas''' awarded by US universities has risen nearly every year since 1957, according to data compiled by the US National Science Foundation. In 1957, US universities awarded 8,611 PhD diplomas; 20,403 in 1967; 31,716 in 1977; 32,365 in 1987; 42,538 in 1997; 48,133 in 2007,<ref>National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics. 2014. ''Doctoral Recipients from U.S. Universities, 2012. Survey of Earned Doctorates''. Washington, DC: National Science Foundation</ref> and 55,006 in 2015.<ref>{{Cite journal |year=2017 |title=PHD programmes: Doctorate deluge |journal=Nature |volume=547 |issue=7664 |pages=483 |doi=10.1038/nj7664-483b |doi-access=free}}</ref>

==== Funding ====
PhD students at US universities typically receive a tuition waiver and some form of annual stipend.{{Citation needed|date=May 2011}} Many US PhD students work as [[teaching assistant]]s or [[research assistant]]s. Graduate schools increasingly{{Citation needed|date=December 2008}} encourage their students to seek outside funding; many are supported by fellowships they obtain for themselves or by their advisers' research grants from government agencies such as the [[National Science Foundation]] and the [[National Institutes of Health]]. Many [[Ivy League]] and other well-endowed universities provide funding for the entire duration of the degree program (if it is short) or for most of it.{{Citation needed|date=May 2011}} especially in the forms of tuition waivers/stipends.<ref>{{Cite web |title=PhD Funding Opportunities |url=https://publichealth.yale.edu/admissions/programs/phd/funding.aspx |access-date=9 August 2018 |website=Yale (Public Health |publisher=Yale}}</ref>

=== USSR, Russian Federation and former Soviet Republics ===
{{over-coverage|Chinese=|date=November 2017}}

==== Candidate of Science degree awarded by the State Higher Attestation Commission ====
The degree of [[Candidate of Sciences]] ({{lang-ru|кандидат наук}}, Kandidat Nauk) was the first advanced research qualification in the former USSR (it was introduced there in 1934) and some [[Eastern Bloc]] countries ([[Czechoslovakia]], [[Hungary]]) and is still awarded in some post-Soviet states (Russian Federation, Belarus, and others). According to "Guidelines for the recognition of Russian qualifications in the other European countries,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Education in Russia for foreign citizens: Recognition and equivalence of documents of education and scientific degrees |url=http://en.russia.edu.ru/edu/inostr/prizn/900.php |website=en.russia.edu.ru}}</ref>" in countries with a two-tier system of doctoral degrees (like Russian Federation, some post-Soviet states, Germany, Poland, Austria and Switzerland), should be considered for recognition at the level of the first doctoral degree, and in countries with only one doctoral degree, the degree of Kandidat Nauk should be considered for recognition as equivalent to this PhD degree.

Since most education systems only have one advanced research qualification granting doctoral degrees or equivalent qualifications (ISCED 2011,<ref name="par270">{{Cite web |title=International Standard Classification of Education (ISCED) 2011 |url=http://www.unesco.org/ulis/cgi-bin/ulis.pl?catno=211619&set=4F3F2872_2_352&database=gctd&gp=0&lin=1&ll=1}}</ref> par.270), the degree of [[Candidate of Sciences]] (Kandidat Nauk) of the former USSR countries is usually considered to be at the same level as the doctorate or PhD degrees of those countries.<ref name="IIEP2011">{{Cite journal |last1=Varghese, N. V. |last2=Püttmann, V. |year=2011 |title=UNESCO-IIEP |url=http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0019/001915/191585e.pdf |type=IIEP research papers |location=Paris |publisher=UNESCO-IIEP |pages=11–12 |journal=Trends in Diversification of Post-secondary Education}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |year=1994 |title=The Doctorate in the Europe Region |url=http://www.unesco.org/education/pdf/24_245.pdf |location=Bucharest |publisher=UNESCO, CEPES |page=199 |isbn=92-9069-133-6 |editor=Kouptsov, O. |work=CEPES Studies in Higher Education}},</ref>

According to the Joint Statement by the Permanent Conference of the Ministers for Education and Cultural Affairs of the Länder of the Federal Republic of Germany ([[Kultusministerkonferenz]], KMK), [[German Rectors' Conference]] (HRK) and the [[Ministry of Education and Science (Russia)|Ministry of General and Professional Education of the Russian Federation]], the degree of Kandidat Nauk is recognised in Germany at the level of the [[#Germany|German degree of Doktor]] and the degree of [[Doktor Nauk]] at the level of German [[Habilitation]].<ref>{{Cite journal |year=1999 |title=Gemeinsame Erklärungzur gegenseitigen akademischen Anerkennungvon tudienzeiten und Abschlüssen im Hochschulbereichsowie von Urkunden über russische wissenschaftliche Gradeund deutsche akademische Qualifikationen zwischen HRK |url=http://www.hrk-bologna.de/de/download/dateien/HRK_Abkommen_Russland.pdf |journal=KMK und dem Ministerium für Allgemeine und Berufliche Bildungder Russischen Föderation}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |year=1999 |title=Совместное заявление о взаимном академическом признании периодов обучения в высших учебных заведениях, документов о высшем образовании, российских ученых степенях и германских академических квалификациях |url=http://www.russia.edu.ru/information/legal/law/inter/germ}}</ref> The Russian degree of Kandidat Nauk is also officially recognised by the Government of the [[French Republic]] as equivalent to [[#France|French doctorate]].<ref>{{Cite web |date= 2003-05-12 |title=Décret n° 2003-744 du 1er août 2003 portant publication de l'accord entre le Gouvernement de la République française et le Gouvernement de la Fédération de Russie - sur la reconnaissance mutuelle des documents sur les grades et titres universitaires, signé à Saint-Pétersbourg | url= http://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/affichTexte.do?cidTexte=JORFTEXT000000780537}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Соглашения об эквивалентности документов об образовании |url= http://www.russia.edu.ru/information/legal/law/inter/soglash/2538.php |website=www.russia.edu.ru}}</ref>

According to the International Standard Classification of Education,<ref>{{Cite web |year=2011 |title=International Standard Classification of Education |url=http://www.unesco.org/ulis/cgi-bin/ulis.pl?catno=211619&set=4F3F2872_2_352&database=gctd&gp=0&lin=1&ll=1}}</ref> for purposes of international educational statistics, Kandidat Nauk ([[Candidate of Sciences]]) belongs to ISCED level 8, or "doctoral or equivalent," together with PhD, DPhil, DLitt, DSc, LLD, Doctorate, or similar. It is mentioned in the Russian version of ISCED 2011 (par.262) on the UNESCO website as an equivalent to PhD belonging to this level.<ref name="par270" /> In the same way as PhD degrees awarded in many English-speaking countries, Kandidat Nauk ([[Candidate of Sciences]]) allows its holders to reach the level of the [[Docent]].<ref name="Luchuk">{{Cite web |year=2012 |title=Лучук О. Коли ми діждемося Вашинґтона? Тоді ж і станем "докторами"! До питання про академічні посади, наукові ступені та вчені звання в українському та американському наукових дискурсах // Україна: культурна спадщина, національна свідомість, державність: Збірник наукових праць. Випуск 21. Львів: Інститут українознавства ім. І.Крип'якевича НАН України |url=http://www.nbuv.gov.ua/portal/soc_gum/Uks/2012_21/40LuchukO.pdf}}</ref> The second doctorate<ref name="IIEP2011" /> (or post-doctoral degree)<ref name="TechnopolisUA">{{Cite web |date=December 2010 |title=Study on the organisation of doctoral programmes in EU neighbouring countries |url=http://ec.europa.eu/education/external-relation-programmes/doc/doctoral/ukraine_en.pdf |website=Technopolis Group, GHK. Ukraine|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130513134841/http://ec.europa.eu/education/external-relation-programmes/doc/doctoral/ukraine_en.pdf |archive-date=13 May 2013 }}</ref><ref name="TechnopolisRU">{{Cite web |date=December 2010 |title=Study on the organisation of doctoral programmes in EU neighbouring countries |url=http://ec.europa.eu/education/external-relation-programmes/doc/doctoral/russia_en.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130513132634/http://ec.europa.eu/education/external-relation-programmes/doc/doctoral/russia_en.pdf |archive-date=13 May 2013 }}</ref> in some [[post-Soviet states]] called [[Doctor of Sciences]] ({{lang-ru|доктор наук}}, [[Doktor Nauk]]) is given as an example of second advanced research qualifications or higher doctorates in ISCED 2011<ref name="par270" /> (par.270) and is similar to [[Habilitation]] in Germany, Poland and several other countries.<ref name="IIEP2011" /><ref name="TechnopolisRU" /> It constitutes a higher qualification compared to PhD as against the European Qualifications Framework (EQF) <ref>{{Cite web |last=A3 |first=EAC |date=31 August 2018 |title=Development of skills |url=https://ec.europa.eu/education/policies/european-policy-cooperation/development-skills_en |website=Education and Training - European Commission}}</ref> or Dublin Descriptors.<ref>http://www.tempus.ac.rs/here/tl_files/Dokumenti/Dublinski%20deskriptori.pdf</ref><ref name="TechnopolisRU" />

About 88% of Russian students studying at state universities study at the expense of budget funds.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Статистика Российского образования |url=http://stat.edu.ru/stat/tabl.php |website=stat.edu.ru}}</ref> The average stipend in Russia ({{as of|2011|August|lc=y}}) is $430 a year ($35/month).<ref>http://ria.ru/edu_news/20110804/411919327.html Стипендии на приоритетных специальностях составят от 2 до 4 тыс руб // "РИА Новости", 04/08/2011</ref> The average tuition fee in graduate school is $2,000 per year.<ref>http://www.careerrussia.ru/detail_new.php?ID=5925 {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121101115231/http://www.careerrussia.ru/detail_new.php?ID=5925 |date=1 November 2012 }} Молодому специалисту на заметку: образование/аспирантура</ref>

==== PhD degree awarded by university====
[[File:2013-Renat-Yuldashev-First-PhD-SPbU.jpg|thumb|First defence of PhD degree in Russia (19 June 2013): doctoral candidate, supervisors, and rector of the university]]
[[File:Spbu-phd-dimploma-sample-2013.jpg|thumb|PhD SPbSU certificate]]

On 19 June 2013, for the first time in the Russian Federation, defenses were held for the PhD degree awarded by universities, instead of the Candidate of Sciences degree awarded by the State Supreme Certification Commission.<ref>{{Cite web |title=N.V. Kuznetsov, P. Neittaanmäki, G.A. Leonov, Supervisors' manifest on the first PhD SPbSU (2013) |url=http://math.spbu.ru/user/nk/PDF/2013-First-PhD-SPbSU-Renat-Yuldashev-Supervisors.pdf}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=PhD SPbU - Saint Petersburg University |url=https://english.spbu.ru/news/135-phd |website=english.spbu.ru}}</ref>
Renat Yuldashev, the graduate of the Department of Applied Cybernetics of the Faculty of Mathematics and Mechanics of St. Petersburg State University, was the first to defend his thesis in field of mathematics according to new rules for the PhD SPbSU degree.<ref name="thesisRY-2013">{{Cite web |title=R. Yuldashev, Dissertation "Nonlinear Analysis and Synthesis of Phase-Locked Loops (supervisors: N. Kuznetsov, G. Leonov, P. Neittaanmäki), Saint-Petersburg State University Studies in Mathematics, Vol. 1, 2013 (PhD thesis) |url=http://apcyb.spbu.ru/wp-content/uploads/2013-Renat-Yuldashev-Firts-PhD-SPbU-Math-Studies-Vol-1.pdf}}</ref>

For the defense procedure in the field of mathematics, it was used the experience of joint Finnish-Russian research and educational program organized in 2007 by the Faculty of Information Technology of the University of Jyväskylä and the Faculty of Mathematics and Mechanics of St. Petersburg State University: co-chairs of the program — N. Kuznetsov, G. Leonov, P. Neittaanmäki, were organizers of the first defenses and co-supervisors of dissertations.<ref>{{Cite web |title=R.Yuldashev, Dissertation "Synthesis of Phase-Locked Loop" (supervisors: N. Kuznetsov, G. Leonov, P. Neittaanmäki, T. Tiihonen), Jyväskylä University Printing House, 2013 |url=https://jyx.jyu.fi/bitstream/handle/123456789/42622/978-951-39-5490-1_vaitos18122013.pdf}}</ref>

== Models of supervision ==
At some universities, there may be training for those wishing to supervise PhD studies. There is now a lot of literature published for academics who wish to do this, such as Delamont, Atkinson, and Parry (1997). Indeed, Dinham and Scott (2001) have argued that the worldwide growth in research students has been matched by increase in a number of what they term "how-to" texts for both students and supervisors, citing examples such as Pugh and Phillips (1987). These authors report empirical data on the benefits that a PhD candidate may gain if they publish work; students are more likely to do this with adequate encouragement from their supervisors.

Wisker (2005) has noticed how research into this field has distinguished between two models of supervision:
The technical-rationality model of supervision, emphasising technique; The negotiated order model, being less mechanistic and emphasising fluid and dynamic change in the PhD process. These two models were first distinguished by Acker, Hill and Black (1994; cited in Wisker, 2005). Considerable literature exists on the expectations that supervisors may have of their students (Phillips & Pugh, 1987) and the expectations that students may have of their supervisors (Phillips & Pugh, 1987; Wilkinson, 2005) in the course of PhD supervision. Similar expectations are implied by the Quality Assurance Agency's Code for Supervision (Quality Assurance Agency, 1999; cited in Wilkinson, 2005).

== PhD Graduates in the workforce ==
The number of PhD graduates has grown substantially in many countries since 2000,<ref>{{Cite web |last=McCarthy |first=Paul X. |title=Who are the top PhD employers? |url=https://amsi.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/advancing_australias_knowledge_economy.pdf |website=AMSI}}</ref> PhD Graduates still represent a relatively small, elite group within most countries — around 1.1% of adults among OECD countries.<ref>{{Cite document |title=Figure 6.17. Share of doctorate holders in the population (2017) |doi=10.1787/888933941538}}</ref> Some countries notably Slovenia, Switzerland and Luxembourg have higher numbers of PhD Graduates per capita as illustrated by this OECD figure below.

 [[File:Share_of_doctorate_holders_in_the_population_(%25)_Horizontal.svg|alt=]]

== International PhD equivalent degrees ==
{{Columns-list|
* Afghanistan: دکتورا
* Albania: Doktorature.(Dr.)
* Algeria: Doctorat, دكتوراه
* Argentina: Doctorado (Dr.)
* Armenia: գիտությունների թեկնածու
* Austria: Doktor (Dr., plural: DDr.)
* Australia: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
* Azerbaijan: [[:az:Fəlsəfə doktoru|Fəlsəfə doktoru]] (Dr.)
* Bangladesh: [[Doctorate]]
* Belarus: кандидат наук
* Belgium (Dutch-speaking): [[Doctor (title)|Doctor]] (dr.)
* Belgium (French-speaking): [[Doctorat]] (dr.)
* Bosnia and Herzegovina: Doktor nauka
* Brazil: [[:pt:Doutorado|Doutorado]] (DSc)
* Bulgaria: [[:bg:Доктор|Доктор]]
* Burma: [[:my:ပါရဂူ|ပါရဂူ]]
* Canada: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
* China: [[:zh:博士|博士]] (Bo-shi)
* Chile: Doctorado
* Colombia: Doctorado
* Costa Rica: PhD or Doctorado (Dr.)
* Croatia: Doktor znanosti
* Cuba: [[Doctorado]] (DrC)
* Czech Republic: [[Candidate of Sciences|CSc.]] and [[Doctor of Science|DrSc.]] was used until 1998, since 1998 PhD is used
* Denmark: [[Licentiate (degree)|Licentiate]], [[Magister (degree)|Magister]], PhD (the ''doctorates'' are higher degrees)
* Dominican Republic: [[Doctorado]]
* Ecuador: Doctorado
* El Salvador: [[Doctorado]]
* Egypt: [[Doctorat]], [[:ar:دكتوراه|دكتوراه]]
* Estonia: Doktor (Dr)
* Ethiopia: [[:am:ዶክተር|ዶክተር]], Doctor (PhD, Dr.)
* Finland: [[:fi:Filosofian tohtori|Filosofian tohtori]] and any degree of tohtori
* France: [[Doctorate#Country-specific practice|Doctorat]]
* Georgia: დოქტორი
* Germany: [[:de:Doktor|Doktor]]
* Greece: [[:el:Διδακτορικό δίπλωμα|Διδακτορικό]]
* Hong Kong: [[:zh:博士|博士]] ([[Doctor (title)|Doctor]])
* Hungary: Doktor (Dr.)
* India: [[Doctorate]]
* Indonesia: Doktor (Dr.)
* Iran: [[:fa: دکترا|دکترا]] (Doctora)
* Iraq: [[:ar:دكتوراه|دكتوراه]] (Duktorah)
* Ireland: an Doctúireacht
* Israel: [[:he: דוקטור|דוקטורט]] ("doctorat")
* Italy: [[Dottorato di ricerca]]
* Japan: 博士 (''hakase'')
* Jordan: دكتوراه (Doctorah)
* Korea: 박사 (''baksa'')
* Kuwait: دكتوراه (Dektoraah)
* Kurdistan: دکتۆرا (Doctorah)
* Latin America: [[Doctorado]]/[[Doctorate]]
* Latvia: [[:lv:Zinātņu doctors|Zinātņu doktors]]
* Lebanon: دكتوراه (doktorah)
* Lithuania: [[:lt:Daktaras|Daktaras]]
* Macau: 博士 (Doutoramento)
* North Macedonia: Докторат
* Malaysia: Doktor Falsafah
* Mauritius: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
* Mexico: [[Doctorado]]
* Mongolia: Эрдэмтэн
* Morocco: [[Doctorat]]
* Mozambique: Doutoramento
* Nepal: Doctor
* Netherlands: [[Doctor (title)|Doctor]] (dr.)
* New Zealand: Doctor
* Nigeria: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
* Norway: [[Magister (degree)|Magister]], [[Licentiate (degree)|Licentiate]], [[doctorate]]s (traditionally considered higher degrees), PhD
* Pakistan: [[Doctor (title)|Doctor]]
* Palestine: [[:ar:دكتوراه|دكتوراه]] (doktorah)
* Paraguay: PhD or Doctorado (Dr.)
* Peru: [[Doctorado]]
* Philippines: Doktor
* Poland: [[:pl:Doktor (stopień naukowy)|Doktor]]
* Portugal: [[:pt:Doutoramento]]
* Romania: [[Doctorat]]
* Russia: [[Candidate of Sciences|кандидат наук]] (PhD), [[:ru: доктор наук]] (Sc.D.)
* Saudi Arabia: [[:ar:دكتوراه|دكتوراه]]
* Singapore: [[Doctor (title)|Doctor]]
* Serbia: [[:sr:Доктор наука|Доктор наука]]
* Slovakia: Doktor filozofie (PhD)
* Slovenia: Doktor znanosti
* Somalia: Dhaqtarka Falsafada
* South Africa: Doctor
* Spain: [[Doctorado]]
* Sweden: [[:sv:Filosofie doktor|Filosofie doktor]] (fil.dr., FD)
* Switzerland: [[Doctorate|Doctorat]] (Dr)
* Syria: [[:ar:دكتوراه|دكتوراه]] (doktorah)
* Taiwan： [[:zh:博士|博士]] (Mandarin: Bo-shi; Taiwanese: Phok-sū)
* Thailand: ดุษฎีบัณฑิต
* Tunisia: [[:ar:دكتوراه|دكتوراه]] (doktorah)
* Turkey: [[Doctorate|Doktora]]
* Uganda: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
* United Arab Emirates: [[:ar:دكتوراه|دكتوراه]] (doktorah)
* United Kingdom: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD, doctor, the abbreviation DPhil is used by the [[University of Oxford]])
* United States: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
* Ukraine: [[:uk:Доктор філософії|Доктор філософії]] (PhD)
* Uruguay: Doctorado
* Uzbekistan: Fan nomzodi ([[Candidate of Sciences|CSc.]])
* Vatican City State: Doctor of Sacred Theology (STD) or Doctor of Canon Law (JCD)
* Venezuela: [[Doctorado]]
* Vietnam: [[:vi:Tiến sĩ|Tiến sĩ]]
* Yemen: [[:ar:دكتوراه|دكتوراه]] (doktorah)
:}}

==See also==
* [[History of higher education in the United States#Graduate schools|History of higher education in the United States]]
* [[List of fields of doctoral studies in the United States]]
* [[PhD in management]]
* [[Doctor of Professional Studies]]
* ''[[Piled Higher and Deeper]], Life (or the lack thereof) in Academia''
* [[Terminal degree]]
* [[Doctor of Philosophy by publication]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Bibliography==
{{Refbegin}}
* {{Cite book |last1=Delamont |first1=Sara |title=Supervising the PhD: A guide to success Buckingham |first2=Paul|last2=Atkinson |first3=Odette |last3=Parry |publisher=Open University Press |year=1997 |isbn=0-335-19516-4}}
* {{Cite book |last1=Dinham |first1=S. |title=The experience of the results of disseminating the results of doctoral research |last2=Scott |first2=C. |work=Journal of Further and Higher Education |year=2001 |volume=25 |pages=45–55 |issn=1469-9486 |issue=1|doi=10.1080/03098770020030498 |s2cid=146687739 }}
* {{Cite book |last=Feibelman |first=Peter J. |url=https://www.amazon.com/PhD-Not-Enough-Survival-Science-ebook/dp/B004EHZDE8 |title=A PhD Is Not Enough!: A Guide to Survival in Science |year=2011}}
* {{Cite book |last=Geiger |first=Roger L. |title=To Advance Knowledge: The Growth of American Research Universities, 1900–1940 |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=1986}}
* {{Cite book |last=Geiger |first=Roger L. |title=Research and Relevant Knowledge: American Research Universities Since World War II |year=2001}}
* {{Cite book |last1=MacGillivray |first1=Alex |title=Secrets of Their Success |last2=Potts |first2=Gareth |last3=Raymond |first3=Polly |publisher=New Economics Foundation |year=2002 |location=London}}
* {{Cite book |last=Mewburn |first=Inger |url=https://www.amazon.com/Tame-Your-Thesis-Whisperer-Books-ebook/dp/B009GPRSP0 |title=How To Tame Your PhD |year=2012}}
* {{Cite book |last=[[Petre, Marian]] |url=https://www.amazon.com/Unwritten-Rules-Research-Study-Skills-ebook/dp/B004UBCX3M |title=The Unwritten Rules Of PhD Research |year=2010}}
* {{Cite book |last1=Phillips |first1=E. |title=How to get a PhD : managing the peaks and troughs of research |last2=Pugh |first2=D.S. |work=Milton Keynes |publisher=[[Open University Press]] |year=1987 |isbn=0-335-15537-5}}
* {{Cite book |last=Simpson |first=Renate |title=How the PhD came to Britain: A century of struggle for postgraduate education |work=Society for Research into Higher Education |publisher=Guildford |year=1983}}
* {{Cite book |last1=Wellington |first1=P. |title=Succeeding with your doctorate |last2=Bathmaker |last3=Hunt |last4=McCullough |last5=Sikes |publisher=Sage |year=2005 |isbn=1-4129-0116-2 |location=London}}
* {{Cite book |last=Wilkinson |first=D. |title=The essential guide to postgraduate study |publisher=SAGE |year=2005 |isbn=1-4129-0062-X |location=London}}
* {{Cite book |last=Wisker |first=G. |title=The Good Supervisor: Supervising Postgraduate and Undergraduate Research for Doctoral Theses and Dissertations |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan |year=2005 |isbn=1-4039-0395-6}}
{{Refend}}

==External links==
* {{cite web | url = http://science-network.tv/supervision | title = Supervision (of PhD students)}}

{{Academic degrees}}
{{Portal bar|Education}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Doctoral degrees|Philosophy, Doctor of]]
[[Category:Titles]]

Shakti Pratap Singh Rathore

2021-07-07T17:00:35Z

Wandererkanishk:

{{Use dmy dates|date=Jaly 2021}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2021}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Shakti Pratap Singh Rathore<ref>http://rajpcc.com/shaktipratap</ref>
| image = [[File:Shakti Pratap Singh Rathore.jpg|thumb|Shakti Pratap Singh Rathore]]
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1979|11|10|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Ajmer]], Rajasthan, India
| children = Devvrat Singh Rathore
| father = Ghisu Singh Rathore
| mother = Pan Kanwar
| residence = 21/13 Sector 2 Vaishali Nagar, [[Ajmer]], [[Rajasthan]].
| spouse = Preeti Chouhan
| alma_mater = [[Government College, Ajmer]] ([[B.A]], [[MA]]) [[Maharshi Dayanand Saraswati University]] ([[Ph.D.]])
| office1 = Co-Coordinator Mahatma Gandhi Jeevan Darshan Samiti
| termstart1 = 2019
| predecessor1 =
| office2 = Secretary, Rajasthan Pradesh Youth Congress
| termstart2 = 2018
| termend2= 2019
| constituency2 =
| party = [[Indian National Congress]]
| nationality = Indian
| profession = Politician
}}

'''Shakti Pratap Singh Rathore''' (born 10 November 1979) is an Indian Politician belonging to [[Indian National Congress]]<ref>https://ventsmagazine.com/2021/05/29/shakti-pratap-singh-rathore-the-intellect-with-a-plan/</ref>, currently serving as the Co-Coordinator of Mahatma Gandhi Jeevan Darshan Samiti.<ref>https://www.newsx.com/entertainment/national-entertainment/shakti-pratap-singh-rathore.html</ref>

==Early Life==
'''Shakti Pratap Singh Rathore''' was born in [[Ajmer]], [[Rajasthan]] and completed his schooling from [[St. Anselm's Senior Secondary School, Ajmer]] and graduation from [[Government College of Ajmer]] and higher studies from [[Maharshi Dayanand Saraswati University]].<ref>https://www.mid-day.com/lifestyle/infotainment/article/shakti-pratap-singh-love-for-politics-and-the-struggles-that-got-him-where-he-is-today-23175183</ref>

==Political Journey==

In 2000 '''Shakti Pratap Singh Rathore''' got attached to [[National Students' Union of India]] during the college tenure and later Stood for the Presidential Elections(2003) in [[Maharshi Dayanand Saraswati University]] and became the principal NSUI leader of that college by becoming the First President elected on an [[National Students' Union of India]] ticket.<ref>https://www.timebulletin.com/shakti-pratap-singh-rathore-portrays-the-true-values-about-a-politician/</ref> Soon after that he was appointed as the Secretary of [[National Students' Union of India]] and then Vice President of [[National Students' Union of India]].<ref>https://in.news.yahoo.com/shakti-pratap-singh-rathore-politician-055410974.html</ref>

In 2015 he stood for the Panchayat Samiti Member Election and became the Member of the board on an [[Indian National Congress]] Ticket. <ref>https://english.newstracklive.com/news/the-goals-of-a-true-political-leader-shakti-pratap-singh-sc2-nu293-ta293-1162572-1.html</ref>

In 2018, His election management strategies bought victory to [[Raghu Sharma (politician) ]]] in the [[16th Loksabha Elections| Ajmer By Elections]] and was rewarded with a big post and was appointed as the Secretary Of [[Rajasthan Youth Congress]]. <ref>https://foxinterviewer.com/politics/the-portrait-of-an-honest-statesman-shakti-pratap-singh-rathore/</ref>

In 2019, after congress made a stable government in Rajasthan<ref>https://caseyweekly.com.au/2021/05/31/an-integral-part-of-the-indian-national-congress-party-shakti-pratap-singh-rathore/</ref>, he was institutionally appointed as the Co-Coordinator of Mahatma Gandhi Jeevan Darshan Samiti (An Government Non Profit Organisation)<ref>https://www.apnnews.com/shakti-pratap-singh-rathore-stresses-on-the-importance-of-creating-a-better-tomorrow-through-his-leadership/</ref>

==Positions Held==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Position !! Organisation<ref>https://www.punjabkesari.in/rajasthan/news/shakti-pratap-singh-rathore-head-of-youth-of-rajasthan-1403287</ref>
|-
| President || [[Maharshi Dayanand Saraswati University]]
|-
| Secretary || [[National Students' Union of India]]
|-
| Vice President || [[National Students' Union of India]]
|-
| [[Indian National Congress|INC]] Member || Panchayat Samiti Sarwar
|-
| Secretary || [[Rajasthan Youth Congress]]
|-
| Co-Coordinator || Mahatma Gandhi Jeevan Darshan Samiti
|-
| Election Observer || Sahara By Election 2021

|}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
*[https://www.shaktipratapsingh.com/| Official Website]
*{{Facebook|ShaktiPratapofficial| Shakti Pratap Singh Rathore}}
* {{Instagram | ShaktiPratapOfficial| Shakti Pratap Singh Rathore }}
* {{Twitter| ShaktiPratapINC |Shakti Pratap Singh Rathore}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Rathore, Shakti Pratap Singh}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1979 births]]
[[Category:Rajasthani politicians]]
[[Category:People from Ajmer district]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Rajasthan]]

{{India-politician-stub}}

Government College of Ajmer

2021-07-07T16:59:06Z

Wandererkanishk: Created page with "{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2018}} {{Use Indian English|date=June 2018}}Samrat Prithviraj Chauhan '''Government College, Ajmer''' is a college in Ajmer city of Rajasthan..."

{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2018}}Samrat Prithviraj Chauhan '''Government College, Ajmer''' is a college in [[Ajmer]] city of [[Rajasthan]] state in [[India]]. GCA is celebrating 183 years of existence.

Started as an English school in 1836 by the Court of Directors of the East India Company in the building now known as the Blue Castle, GCA became an Intermediate College in 1868. The increase in numbers and the starting of Intermediate classes required larger accommodation and the foundation stone of the present buildings was laid on 17 February 1868 by General Keating, the Agent to the Governor-General in Rajputana.

In the early nineties of the last century, the public of Ajmer collected a sum of Rs 44,000/- and handed it over to the Government as their contribution for the college. Degree classes in Arts subjects were started in 1896 and in Science subjects in 1913. A year earlier the school classes had been separated from the college and shifted to another part of the town.

In the year 1946 came the first postgraduate department. There are 19 of them now including Law. Degree classes in Commerce were added in 1949 and Law classes in 1951. This is the only Government College in Rajasthan with facilities for postgraduate studies and research in Science subjects Physics, Chemistry, Zoology, Botany, Commerce, English, Sanskrit, Hindi, History, Economics and Political Science.

GCA changed its affiliation from Calcutta University to Allahabad University on the latter's establishment in 1886 and further to Agra University when it came into existence in 1927. Finally, the college came under the jurisdiction of University of Rajasthan after the integration of the erstwhile State of Ajmer-Merwara with Rajasthan in 1956. When in 1987 the Maharshi Dayanand Saraswati university established in Ajmer the college got affiliated with MDS university.it is now one of top university in rajasthan.

== References ==
{{reflist}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20101027194246/http://www.gca.rajasthan.gov.in/history.html gca]

[[Category:Colleges in Ajmer]]
[[Category:Educational institutions established in 1836]]
[[Category:1836 establishments in India]]

{{Rajasthan-university-stub}}

St. Anselm's Senior Secondary School, Ajmer

2021-07-07T16:58:30Z

Wandererkanishk: Created page with "{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2018}} {{Use Indian English|date=June 2018}} {{Infobox school | name = St. Anselm's Senior Secondary School, Ajmer | native_name..."

{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2018}}
{{Infobox school
| name = St. Anselm's Senior Secondary School, Ajmer
| native_name =
| image =
| image_size =
| caption = School emblem
| latin_name =
| motto = Deo Amabiles et Hominibus
| motto_translation = Be Pleasing to God and to Men
| city = [[Ajmer]]
| state = [[Rajasthan]]
| country = India
| patron = [[St. Anselm]]
| established = 1904
| type =
| religious_affiliation = [[Roman Catholic Church]]
| endowment =
| staff =
| faculty =
| founder = Rt. Rev. Dr. Fortunatus Henry Caumont O.F.M. (1871-1930)
| principal = Rev. Fr. Jose K. Thomas (2020 - Present)
| rector =
| dean =
| head = Rev. Fr. Jitin Mathew (2020 - Present)
| head_name = [[Vice Principal]]
| students = 3000
| information = (0145) - 2460088
| colors = Blue
| school_board = [[Central Board of Secondary Education]]
| website = {{URL|www.stanselmsajmer.com}}
}}

'''St. Anselm's Ajmer''' is a school located in the city of [[Ajmer]], [[Rajasthan]], India. It was established in 1904 by the Rt. Rev. Dr. Fortunatus Henry Caumont, who was born on 10 December 1871 in France, and came to Ajmer to start modern education. St. Anselm's Ajmer was among the first institutions of higher learning set up during the British Raj. It offers senior secondary courses. It falls under the [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Ajmer]].<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.ajmerdiocese.org/centres-institutions/ |title= Centres |website= Diocese of Ajmer |accessdate= 6 August 2017}}</ref>

==Organization==
=== Houses ===
The student body is divided into four houses:
* Red
* Blue
* Green
* Gold

The houses compete against each other in academic and sporting disciplines, each contributing toward house points which count toward the "Best House" awarded to the champion house for the year. In 2011, Gold house won the award for best parade on Independence Day.

===House tutors===
Each house master is selected on the basis of his ability in sports, studies, and extracurricular activities. They have to select boys from different classes, at least 10-15 boys from each class. They have to change their group every year.

=== Prefects ===
[[Prefect#Academic|Prefects]] are appointed by the class teacher against class, as their representative. Prefects have authority and privileges.

=== Curriculum ===
St. Anselm's Ajmer designs and implements its own curriculum for classes nursery to VIII. Classes IX to XII follow the [[Central Board of Secondary Education|CBSE]] syllabus. Work is done in the library or outside the classroom and this is enhanced by the Council's own recommended structures. Every boy goes on for tertiary education for helping children with [[special needs]].

==Admission==
Admissions are open to all boys and girls according to their caste or creed. Boys who are in the age group of between 2 years 8 month and 3 years 6 month will be admitted in nursery class. A corresponding age scale is fixed for the succeeding classes.

===Sessions===
The scholastic year begins on 1 July and ends on 30 June. The year is divided into two sessions or terms separated by the winter vacation. The summer vacation is from mid-May to 30 June.

===Admission to Class XI===
Students who have passed Xth class fill in a registration form for admission to faculties in XIth class. The subject-wise grouping in the streams is as under:
* [[Science]]: Compulsory - English Core, Physics, Chemistry. Optional - Maths/Economics, Computer / Biology.
* [[Commerce]]: Compulsory - English Core, Accountancy, Business Studies, Economics. Optional - Geography/Maths/Computer (Informatics Practices).
* [[Humanities]]: Compulsory - English Core, Political Sc., Geography, Economics. Optional - Hindi Core/Sociology.

==Uniform==
On class days and at school functions the boys wear uniforms.

===Summer uniform===
Light blue shirt (short sleeves), dark blue shorts (trousers for VI-X); white shirts with full sleeves and white pants for Classes XI and XII, white socks, black laced shoes and school tie.

===Winter uniform===
Classes K.G. to VII: V-neck blue woolen pullover and dark blue or worsted (dark) grey trousers. Classes VIII to XII: Navy blue blazer with school crest and worsted (dark) grey trousers.

==Co-curricular activities==
Students take part in games and athletics. Coaching is given in cricket, hockey, football, Table tennis, basketball, badminton and gymnastics. Every year players are selected for games at the state and national levels. Students are encouraged to join NCC (Air Wing) and Boys Scouts to develop their leadership skills.

==Notable alumni==
* [[Naseeruddin Shah]]: [[Bollywood]] actor, [[film director|director]]
*[[Piyush Mordia]]: [[Indian Police Service]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Saint Anselm's Ajmer}}
[[Category:Catholic schools in India]]
[[Category:Primary schools in India]]
[[Category:High schools and secondary schools in Rajasthan]]
[[Category:Christian schools in Rajasthan]]
[[Category:Education in Ajmer]]
[[Category:Educational institutions established in 1904]]
[[Category:1904 establishments in India]]

National Students' Union of India

2021-07-07T16:56:22Z

Wandererkanishk: Created page with "{{short description|Indian students organization}} {{Use dmy dates|date=June 2019}} {{Infobox organization | image = NSUI.png | alt = | caption..."

{{short description|Indian students organization}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2019}}
{{Infobox organization
| image = NSUI.png
| alt =
| caption = NSUI LOGO
| map =
| formation = {{start date and age|df=yes|1971|04|09}}
| type = [[Student wing]]
| status = Active
| purpose =
| headquarters = 5, Raisina Road, New Delhi
| membership = 10 million
| language =
| leader_title = Chair Person
| leader_name = [[Rahul Gandhi]]
| leader_title2 = President
| leader_name2 = [[Neeraj Kundan]]
| leader_title3 = Spokesperson
| leader_name3 = Lokesh Chugh
| leader_title4 = Social Media Incharge
| leader_name4 = Harsh Bisaria
| budget =
| remarks =
| name = National Students' Union of India
| bgcolor =
| fgcolor =
| image_border =
| size =
| msize =
| malt =
| mcaption =
| location =
| region_served =
| num_staff =
| num_volunteers =
| website = [http://nsui.in/ NSUI]
}}
{{Indian National Congress sidebar}}

The '''National Students' Union of India''' (NSUI), the student wing of the [[Indian National Congress]] (INC or Congress), was established on 9 April 1971. The organisation was founded by [[Indira Gandhi]] after merging the [[Kerala Students Union]] and the [[West Bengal State Chhatra Parishad]] to form a national students' organisation.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/topic/NSUI|title=NSUI: Latest News, Videos and NSUI Photos|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=10 January 2019}}</ref>

==Membership==
In order to become a member of NSUI, one must be under 27 years of age, must be a student, must be a citizen of India, must not be part of any other political organisation and must not have been convicted of any criminal activity in past.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://login.nsui.in/membership|title=u Membership terms|website=Login.nsui.in|access-date=10 January 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130828022540/http://login.nsui.in/membership|archive-date=28 August 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref> NSUI categorizes its members into "Primary Members" and "Active Members". An aspiring member who applies for NSUI Membership, becomes a Primary member after the organisation's scrutiny process.{{cn|date=November 2020}}

==RTI department==

Three Conveners has been appointed from different part of the country to strengthen the organization.
* Er. Sandeep Maurya, Mumbai, Maharashtra.
* Adv.Iniyan Robert, Tamil Nadu.
* Mr.Deepanshu Bansal, Haryana.

==Inquilab==
[[File:NSUI National Convention INQUILAB 1.jpg|thumb|left|NSUI National Convention INQUILAB 1]]
NSUI is preparing itself to execute the wishes of the party president [[Rahul Gandhi]]. In the recent{{when|date=December 2020}} plenary session of the party in New Delhi, Rahul emphasised the power of youth to revitalise the Congress party.

Taking a cue from its party president, the NSUI is channeling its energy for the general elections in 2019.

The NSUI's annual session in Jaipur was expected to have a gathering of around 10,000 students, youth leaders, Congress MLAs and MPs, and heads of all the frontal organisations of the party. The session, named Inquilab, was held on 9 and 10 April 2018.
[[File:NSUI National Convention INQUILAB 2.jpg|thumb|right|NSUI National Convention INQUILAB 2]]
Interestingly, a two-day conference of the BJP Yuva Morcha began in Jaipur on 7 April, days before the NSUI session. These back-to-back conferences are being seen as a serious attempt by the Congress to give the BJP a tough fight for the youth vote share.

"On the footprints of our leader Rahul Gandhi ji, the NSUI believes in fighting for the rights of the students on the basis of truth and morals. In this two-day session, NSUI will disseminate the message and decisions taken by the Congress president during the party’s plenary session, to all its cadres from across the country. It will be a training camp for our cadres in the run-up to the 2019 general election, in which first time voters will make a big difference," NSUI national president [[Fairoz Khan]] is behind the movement Inquilab. The agenda of the two-day conference was to raise demands for relaxation of age to contest Vidhan Sabha and Lok Sabha elections; setting up of a National Students’ Commission similar to the National Women's Commission and SC/ST commission; etc.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.firstpost.com/politics/nsui-set-to-begin-annual-session-in-jaipur-tomorrow-two-day-conference-aims-to-counter-bjps-youth-outreach-4422903.html|title=NSUI set to begin annual session in Jaipur tomorrow: Two-day conference aims to counter BJP's youth outreach - Politics News , Firstpost|date=8 April 2018|website=Firstpost}}</ref>
[[File:NSUI National Convention INQUILAB 3.jpg|thumb|NSUI National Convention INQUILAB 3]]

==Students' Union elections==
A 28-year-old from Kashmir [[Fairoz Khan]] was the face behind the National Student Union of India's (NSUI) victory in Delhi University student body polls. Within three months of being announced the national president of Congress’ student wing, Khan has made the party win in student body polls in the universities of four states—Punjab, Assam, Rajasthan and Delhi. A student of the human rights department at the University of Jammu, Khan was chosen by Congress Vice-President Rahul Gandhi for the post. Khan, who belongs to a middle-class family of Pogal Paristan village in Kashmir, said, "We had trained 600 students at DU, with at least one student in every class, who discussed students’ problems. This process went on for a month before the election dates were announced. We did not ask the students to vote for NSUI. Our request to them was to Take Back DU." Until now, Khan has managed to keep the NSUI a step ahead of its bitter rival—the RSS-backed [[Akhil Bharatiya Vidyarthi Parishad]] (ABVP). Giving credit of the victory to his team and the youth of the national capital who voted against violence and ‘forced nationalism’, Khan said, "Connecting with the Nitish Gaur students face to face, and betting on the right people worked best for the party." He believes any sort of suppression tactic over the students will not help.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/thesundaystandard/2017/sep/17/meet-the-face-behind-nsuis-delhi-university-win-1658331.html|title=Meet the face behind NSUI’s Delhi university win|website=The New Indian Express}}</ref>

==Controversies==
In November 2013, two members of the NSUI were injured by police as they attempted to submit a memorandum to the district magistrate.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/allahabad/NSUI-students-lathicharged-during-protest-at-inspectors-office/articleshow/25607960.cms|title=NSUI students lathicharged during protest at inspector's office|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=10 January 2019}}</ref> In late November, the NSUI filed a complain with the police against [[Madhu Kishwar]], a writer who ousted the journalist that had been allegedly sexually assaulted by [[Tarun Tejpal#Sexual assault allegation|Tarun Tejpal]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/goa/NSUI-files-complaint-against-Kishwar-for-tweeting-survivors-name-in-Tejpal-case/articleshow/26550660.cms|title=NSUI files complaint against Kishwar for tweeting survivor’s name in Tejpal case |newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=10 January 2019}}</ref>
NSUI national secretary Akshay Kumar, who was also elected as the joint secretary of Delhi University Students' Union in 2010, allegedly submitted fake documents to secure admission in the Department of Buddhist Studies. An FIR ([[first information report]]) was filed against him by the Department of Buddhist Studies.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/delhi/2018/sep/24/nsui-national-secretary-submitted-fake-degree-for-admission-in-phd-course-du-official-1876580.html|title=NSUI national secretary submitted fake degree for admission in PhD course: DU Official |newspaper=[[The New Indian Express]]|access-date=24 September 2018}}</ref> In 2018, NSUI president [[Fairoz Khan]] stepped down from the post following the charges of sexual harassment against him.<ref>{{Cite news|others=PTI|date=2018-10-16|title=NSUI president Fairoz Khan quits after Congress worker levels sexual harassment charges against him|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/nsui-president-fairoz-khan-quits-after-sexual-harassment-charges/article25235375.ece|access-date=2021-03-07|issn=0971-751X}}</ref>
JNU attack : Nikhil Savani, Gujarat NSUI general Secretary, among over 10 injured as student body clashes with ABVP during protest against campus violence <ref> https://www.firstpost.com/india/jnu-attack-nikhil-savani-gujarat-nsui-gen-secy-among-over-10-injured-as-student-body-clashes-with-abvp-during-protest-against-campus-violence-7873491.html </ref>

==See also==
* [[Akhil Bharatiya Vidyarthi Parishad]]
*[[Students' Federation of India]]
* [[All India Students Association]]
* [[Indian National Congress]]
* [[Indian Youth Congress]]
* [[List of political parties]]
* [[Fairoz Khan]]
* [[Neeraj Kundan]]
*[[Nagesh Kariyappa]]

==References==
{{Reflist|2}}

==External links==
* {{official}}

{{Indian National Congress}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:National Students' Union of India}}
[[Category:National Students' Union of India| ]]
[[Category:1972 establishments in India]]
[[Category:Student organizations established in 1972]]