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Mannan Shaah

2026-05-07T06:23:44Z

Vivekparulekar: Put up first details first draft...

{{short description|Indian Music Director}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2019}}
{{Infobox musical artist
| name = Mannan Shaah
| image = Mannan Shaah.png
| image_upright =
| image_size = 250px
| landscape = 
| alt =
| caption =
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| birth_name =
| alias =
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=y|1987|09|20}}
| birth_place = [[Mumbai]], India
| origin = Nangalpur, [[Kutch]], Gujarat, India
| death_date = 
| death_place =
| genre =
| occupation = Music director, composer, singer
| instrument =
| years_active = 2011–present
| label = [[T-Series (company)|T-Series]], [[Sony Music India]]
| website = 
| module =
| module2 =
| module3 =
}}
'''Mannan Shaah''' is an Indian film music director, singer and music composer, who predominantly works in [[Hindi films]].<ref>{{cite news|last1=Soumya|first1=Vajpayee Tiwari|title=These Bollywood Composers Don't Duet|url=https://www.mid-day.com/articles/these-bollywood-composers-dont-duet/19184187|publisher=[[Mid-Day]]|date=12 March 2018}}</ref><ref name="B"/> He composed music for the 2018 film [[Namastey England|Namaste England]],<ref>{{cite news|title=Recording with a 32-piece orchestra: Mannan Shaah|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-recording-with-a-32-piece-orchestra-mannan-shaah-2605246|work=[[Daily News and Analysis]]|date=16 April 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Sanyukta|first1=Iyer|title=On song with Parineeti Chopra and Arjun Kapoor|url=https://mumbaimirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/on-song-with-parineeti-chopra-and-arjun-kapoor/articleshow/62891553.cms|work=[[Mumbai Mirror]]|date=13 February 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |script-title=hi:इन गानों में परिणीति चोपड़ा और अर्जुन कपूर के बीच दमदार केमिस्ट्री|url=https://navbharattimes.indiatimes.com/movie-masti/news-from-bollywood/parineeti-chopra-and-arjun-kapoor-who-kicked-off-prep-for-their-next-film-namastey-england/articleshow/62898021.cms|work=[[Navbharat Times]]|date=13 February 2018|language=Hindi}}</ref> the 2017 film [[Commando 2: The Black Money Trail]]<ref name="D">{{cite news|title=Melody First|url=http://boxofficeindia.co.in/melody-first/|publisher=[[Box Office India]]|date=24 February 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=V|first1=Lakshmi|title=Composer Mannan Shaah learns the ancient instrument tarshenai|url=http://epaperbeta.timesofindia.com/Article.aspx?eid=31804&articlexml=Composer-Mannan-Shaah-learns-the-ancient-instrument-tarshenai-24032017108057|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180504231321/http://epaperbeta.timesofindia.com/Article.aspx?eid=31804&articlexml=Composer-Mannan-Shaah-learns-the-ancient-instrument-tarshenai-24032017108057|url-status=dead|archive-date=4 May 2018|work=[[The Times of India]]|date=24 March 2017}}</ref> and the 2013 film [[Commando: A One Man Army]].<ref name="A"/><ref>{{cite news|title=Live musical instruments increase the value of a song: Mannan Shaah|url=http://www.radioandmusic.com/entertainment/editorial/news/170216-live-musical-instruments-increase-the-value|publisher=Radioandmusic.com|date=16 February 2017}}</ref> He also given his voice for the film [[Kucch Luv Jaisaa]] (2011).<ref name="A"/>

He is known for using Indian [[musical instruments]] and recording live musical instruments for his compositions.<ref>{{cite news|title=Taar Shehnai may return to Indian film music|url=http://www.radioandmusic.com/entertainment/editorial/news/170425-taar-shehnai-may-return-indian-film-music|publisher=Radioandmusic.com|date=25 April 2017}}</ref>

== Early life ==
He went to Shree Chandulal Nanavati Vinay Mandir and completed his [[bachelor's degree]] from [[St. Xavier's College, Mumbai]]. He learnt music from late Pandit Vinayak Vora and started his training in classical music at the age of five.<ref name="B">{{cite news|last1=Debarati|first1=Sen|title='Giving Commando 2 a musical value was a big challenge'|url=http://epaperbeta.timesofindia.com/Article.aspx?eid=31808&articlexml=Giving-Commando-2-a-musical-value-was-a-25022017101021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180504225747/http://epaperbeta.timesofindia.com/Article.aspx?eid=31808&articlexml=Giving-Commando-2-a-musical-value-was-a-25022017101021|url-status=dead|archive-date=4 May 2018|work=[[The Times of India]]|date=25 February 2017}}</ref> He assisted music director [[Pritam]] for two years.<ref name="C">{{cite news|title=Promising composer making inroads in Bollywood|url=http://www.musicunplugged.in/news/trade_news_info/1123/0|publisher=Musicunplugged.in|date=15 April 2018}}</ref> He is a disciple of [[Ustad Ghulam Mustafa Khan]].<ref name="C"/>

== Career ==
In 2011, Mannan started his career as a singer with [[Vipul Amrutlal Shah]]'s [[Kucch Luv Jaisaa]] and lent his voice for two songs, ''Thoda Sa Pyaar'' and ''Baadlon Pe Paon''.<ref name="A">{{cite news|last1=Maskeri|first1=Anju|title=This Bollywood Composer Is Keeping The Art Of Symphony Orchestra Alive|url=https://www.mid-day.com/articles/this-bollywood-composer-is-keeping-the-art-of-symphony-orchestra-alive/19295187|publisher=[[Mid-Day]]|date=8 April 2018}}</ref> In 2013, he debuted in [[Bollywood]] as music composer with [[Commando: A One Man Army]].<ref name="A"/> Later, Mannan composed music for films such as [[Commando 2: The Black Money Trail]] (2017) and [[Namastey England|Namaste England]] (2018).<ref>{{cite news|last1=Singh|first1=Upama |script-title=hi:विपुल शाह की अगली फिल्म में मनन का म्यूजिक|url=http://epaper.navbharattimes.com/details/13920-68760-1.html|work=[[Navbharat Times]]|language=Hindi}}</ref>
Shaah has composed the hit song ''Tere Dil Mein'' from [[Commando 2: The Black Money Trail]], sung by [[Armaan Malik]], was well received by audience.<ref name="C"/><ref name="D"/>

== Discography ==
===As a playback singer===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Year !! Film !! Song(s) !! Composer(s) !! Lyrics
|-
|rowspan="2"|2011
|rowspan="2"|''[[Kucch Luv Jaisaa]]'' || "Badal Pe Paaon"<ref name="A"/>
|rowspan="2"|[[Pritam]]
|rowspan="2"|[[Irshad Kamil]]
|-
||"Thoda Sa Pyaar (Raghav's Search for Love)"<ref name="A"/>
|-
|2018
|''[[Namaste England]]''
|"Ziddi Hai Dil"
|Mannan Shah
|Javed Akhtar
|}

=== As a music composer ===
{| class="wikitable"
|+Key
| style="background:#DBD7D2;"| {{dagger|alt=Songs from the films that have not yet been released}}
| Denotes films that have not yet been released
|}
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" width="100%" textcolor:#000;"
! scope="col" width=5% | Year
! scope="col" width=21%| Film
! scope="col" width=21%| Song
! scope="col" width=18%| Singer(s)
! scope="col" width=18%| Lyrics
|-
|rowspan="4"|2013
! scope="row" rowspan="4"|''[[Commando: A One Man Army]]''
| "Lutt Jawaan"
| [[Dhruv Sangari]]
|rowspan="4"|[[Mayur Puri]]
|-
| "Saawan Bairi"
| [[Rahat Fateh Ali Khan]]
|-
| "Mungda"
| [[Sunidhi Chauhan]]
|-
| "Lena Dena"
| [[Daler Mehndi]]
|-
|rowspan="6"|2017
! scope="row" rowspan="6"|''[[Commando 2: The Black Money Trail]]''
| "Commando (Title Track)"
|rowspan="2"|[[Aditi Singh Sharma]]
|rowspan="4"|[[Kumaar]]
|-
| "Commando (English Version)"
|-
| "Seedha Saadha"
| [[Amit Mishra (singer)|Amit Mishra]]
|-
| "Seedha Saadha (Reprise Version)"
| [[Jubin Nautiyal]]
|-
| "Tere Dil Mein"
|rowspan="2"|[[Armaan Malik]]
|rowspan="2"|Aatish Kapadia
|-
| "Tere Dil Mein (Club Mix)"
|-
|rowspan="5"|2018
!scope="row" rowspan="5"| ''[[Namaste England]]''
|"Tere Liye"
|[[Atif Aslam]], Akanksha Bhandari
|rowspan="5"|[[Javed Akhtar]]
|-
|"Tu Meri Main Tera"
| Rahat Fateh Ali Khan, [[Shadab Faridi]], [[Altamash Faridi]], Mannan Shaah
|-
|"Ziddi Hai Dil"
|Mannan Shah
|-
|"Dhoom Dhadaka"
|[[Shahid Mallya]], [[Antara Mitra]]
|-
|"Kya Kahoon Janeman"
|[[Shashaa Tirupati]], Mannan Shaah
|-
|rowspan="2"|2019
!scope="row"rowspan="2"|[[Commando 3 (film)|Commando 3]]
|''"Akhiyaan Milavanga"''
|[[Arijit Singh]], [[Sruthy Sasidharan]]
|Sahil Sultanpuri
|-
|''"Main Woh Raat Hoon''
|[[Ankit Tiwari]]
|[[Abhendra Kumar Upadhyay]]
|}

== See also ==
{{portal|Bollywood|Music}}
* [[List of Indian film music directors]]
* [[List of Indian composers]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb name|4475996}}
* [https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/music/280217/tune-in-melody-matters-16.html Tune in: Melody matters] at ''[[Deccan Chronicle]]'' (Interview)
* [https://www.filmibeat.com/bollywood/features/2013/interview-commando-music-director-manan-shah-107370.html Interview: Commando Music Director Manan Shah] at ''FilmiBeat''
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Shaah, Mannan}}
[[Category:1987 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian film score composers]]
[[Category:Indian male playback singers]]
[[Category:Musicians from Mumbai]]
[[Category:St. Xavier's College, Mumbai, alumni]]
[[Category:Indian male film score composers]]

Fathima Babu

2026-05-06T21:28:35Z

Vivekparulekar: Started a data.

{{short description|Indian actress}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2019}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2022}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Fathima Babu
| image =
| birth_date =
| birth_name = Fathima
| birth_place = [[Puducherry (union territory)|Puducherry]], [[India]]
| occupation = Actress Former newsreader
| spouse = {{marriage|Babu|1989}}
| children = 2
| parents =
| imagesize =
| years active = 1996–present
}}

'''Fathima Babu''' (née '''Fathima''') is an Indian actress, former newsreader and socialite based in [[Chennai]] who hails from [[Puducherry (union territory)|Puducherry]]. She began her public career as a newsreader with [[DD Podhigai]], the Tamil version of Doordarshan news, and later worked for [[Jaya TV]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Native |first=Digital |date=2019-07-11 |title=Fathima Babu eliminated from 'Bigg Boss' Tamil house |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/flix/fathima-babu-eliminated-bigg-boss-tamil-house-105044 |access-date=2025-07-18 |website=The News Minute |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |url=https://tamil.asianetnews.com/cinema/farthima-babu-native-place-ptv1it |title=Fathima Babu native place and other details |website=Asianet News |access-date=1 September 2019 |archive-date=1 September 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190901110409/https://tamil.asianetnews.com/cinema/farthima-babu-native-place-ptv1it |url-status=live }}</ref> She subsequently moved on to work in television serials, films and theatre performances, operating in the [[Tamil language|Tamil]] and [[Malayalam cinema|Malayalam]] languages.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://tamil.asianetnews.com/cinema/farthima-babu-rare-photo-in-viral-ptulvn |title=Fathima Babu rare photo goes viral |website=Asianet News |access-date=1 September 2019 |archive-date=1 September 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190901110409/https://tamil.asianetnews.com/cinema/farthima-babu-rare-photo-in-viral-ptulvn |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Personal life ==
Fathima was born in a [[Malayalis|Malayali]] family based in [[Puducherry (union territory)|Puducherry]].<ref name=":0" /> She has a degree in commerce. Initially a [[Muslims|Muslim]], Fathima converted to [[Hinduism]] after marrying Babu, who she had met while working at [[Indian Oil Corporation]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Karay |first=Kadar |date=2024-09-13 |title=இந்துவாக மாறியது ஏன்? விரட்டி விரட்டி காதலித்த பாபு? பாத்திமா பாபு லவ் ஸ்டோரி? |url=https://tamil.oneindia.com/news/chennai/why-became-a-hindu-who-is-this-babu-fathima-babu-love-story-638165.html |access-date=2025-07-18 |website=One India |language=ta}}</ref> The couple, married since 1989, has two sons.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.chitramala.in/complaint-on-kollywood-actress-fathima-babu-224633.html |title=Complaint on Kollywood Actress Fathima Babu |date=29 April 2016 |access-date=1 September 2019 |archive-date=1 September 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190901110406/https://www.chitramala.in/complaint-on-kollywood-actress-fathima-babu-224633.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://tamil.behindtalkies.com/bigg-boss-fathima-babu-family/ |title=Fathima Babu converting her religion for her husband |date=July 2019 |access-date=1 September 2019 |archive-date=1 September 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190901110411/https://tamil.behindtalkies.com/bigg-boss-fathima-babu-family/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Career==
Fathima became a newsreader with [[DD Podhigai]], the Tamil version of Doordarshan, in the late 1980s. In 1989, she briefly went missing causing much speculation as to her disappearance. Several years later, Fathima clarified that during the period she was missing, she was filming for a television serial known as ''Chithirapaavai'' and did not want to breach Doordarshan's rule of news anchors not being able to work in serials.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/cmcm/stalin-did-not-abduct-me-tv-news-reader-sets-record-straight-after-30-years |title=Stalin did not abduct me: TV news reader sets record straight after 30 years |access-date=30 July 2019 |archive-date=30 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190730120711/https://www.freepressjournal.in/cmcm/stalin-did-not-abduct-me-tv-news-reader-sets-record-straight-after-30-years |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://archive.org/details/kalki2000-05-28/page/80/mode/2up |title=Kalki magazine 2000-05-28 |date=28 May 2000}}</ref>

Fathima made her film debut through [[K. Balachander]]'s [[Feminism|feminist]] film ''[[Kalki (1996 film)|Kalki]]'' (1996),<ref name=":0" /> where she starred alongside an ensemble cast of [[Shruti (actress)|Shruti]], [[Rashin Rahman|Rahman]], [[Prakash Raj]], [[Geetha (actress)|Geetha]], and [[Renuka (actress)|Renuka]]. The film garnered positive reviews, with a film critic noting that Fathima "has an impressive debut, performing with confidence".<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.bbthots.com/reviews/rewind/kalki.html |title=Archived copy |access-date=30 July 2019 |archive-date=19 September 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190919090120/http://www.bbthots.com/reviews/rewind/kalki.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Fathima moved on to play supporting roles in films, often portraying the mother of the lead characters.{{Citation needed|date= February 2022}}

Fathima started her own drama production group, Fab's Theatre, which performs shows in Chennai. She was initially introduced to theatre by K. Balachander, who often helped her work on and develop scripts. The group has made shows such as ''Sethu Vandirikkaen'' and ''Thaarama Tallyaa'' directed by Fathima, which opened in February 2016.<ref name="FABS">{{Cite web |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/theatre/fathima-babuditrected-thaarama-tallyaa-was-impressive/article8253010.ece |title=An account of family ties |first=V. |last=Subramanian |work=The Hindu |date=18 February 2016 |access-date=29 June 2019 |archive-date=17 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210817060931/https://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/theatre/fathima-babuditrected-thaarama-tallyaa-was-impressive/article8253010.ece |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Sethu">{{Cite web |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/theatre/lacked-in-originality-sethu-vandirukkaen/article7061348.ece |title=Lacked in originality |work=The Hindu |date=2 April 2015 |last=Krishnamachari |first=Suganthy |access-date=1 August 2019 |archive-date=26 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210726050518/https://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/theatre/lacked-in-originality-sethu-vandirukkaen/article7061348.ece |url-status=live }}</ref> She was also briefly involved in politics, and campaigned for the [[AIADMK]] on behalf of [[Jayalalithaa]], and eventually took up a role as a spokesperson of the party.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/jayalalithaa-ropes-in-kollywood-to-campaign-for-her-1424759.html |title=Jayalalithaa ropes in Kollywood to campaign for her |work=Firstpost |date=8 March 2014 |access-date=30 July 2019 |archive-date=30 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190730120711/https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/jayalalithaa-ropes-in-kollywood-to-campaign-for-her-1424759.html |url-status=live }}</ref> After Jayalalithaa's death, Fathima joined [[O. Paneerselvam]]'s team, before ultimately distancing herself from politics. In 2019, she appeared in the reality television show ''[[Bigg Boss Tamil 3]]'' on [[Star Vijay]], and was the first contestant to be evicted.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/i-wanted-people-to-see-and-know-the-real-me-fathima-babu/articleshow/70158531.cms |title=I wanted people to see and know the real me: Fathima Babu |author=Sharanya CR |work=The Times of India |date=11 July 2019 |access-date=12 July 2019 |archive-date=23 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190723194402/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/i-wanted-people-to-see-and-know-the-real-me-fathima-babu/articleshow/70158531.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Films==
===Tamil===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year
! Film
! Role
! Notes
|-
| 1996 || ''[[Kalki (1996 film)|Kalki]]'' || Kokila ||
|-
| rowspan="3"|1997 || ''[[Pasamulla Pandiyare]]'' || ||
|-
|''[[V. I. P. (1997 film)|V. I. P.]]''|| Priya's mother ||
|-
| ''[[Nerukku Ner]]'' || Alamu ||
|-
| rowspan="8"|1998 || ''[[Ulavuthurai]]'' || Sangeetha's mother ||
|-
|''[[Swarnamukhi (film)|Swarnamukhi]]''|| Vanaja ||
|-
| ''[[Thulli Thirintha Kaalam]]'' || Visalam ||
|-
| ''[[Sollamale]]'' || Vikram's mother ||
|-
|''[[Unnidathil Ennai Koduthen]]''|| Vasanthi, Radha's stepmother's younger sister ||
|-
| ''[[Simmarasi]]'' || Maragatham's wife ||
|-
| ''[[Kannathal]]'' || Kannatha's mother ||
|-
| ''[[Kalyana Galatta]]'' || Commissioner's wife||
|-
| rowspan="6"|1999 ||''[[Ninaivirukkum Varai]]''|| Sandhya's mother||
|-
| ''[[Nee Varuvai Ena]]'' || Subramani's mother ||
|-
| ''[[Mugam (1999 film)|Mugam]]'' || ||
|-
|''[[Mudhalvan]]''|| Aranganathar's wife ||
|-
| ''[[Unnaruge Naan Irundhal]]'' || Jamindar's wife ||
|-
| ''[[Ponnu Veetukkaran]]'' || Gangadaran's wife||
|-
| rowspan="7"|2000 || ''[[Mugavaree]]'' || Viji's mother ||
|-
| ''[[Unnai Kodu Ennai Tharuven]]''|| Indu's mother||
|-
| ''[[Simmasanam]]'' || Annapoorani's sister-in-law ||
|-
| ''[[Parthen Rasithen]]''|| Pinky Raja ||
|-
| ''[[Ilaiyavan]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Anbudan]]''|| Sathya's mother ||
|-
| ''Ninaivellam Nee''|| Nurse ||
|-
| rowspan="6"|2001 ||''[[Minnale]]''|| Shanti, Reena's mother ||
|-
| ''[[Paarvai Ondre Podhume]]'' || Visalakshi ||
|-
| ''[[Little John (film)|Little John]]''|| Nirmala ||
|-
| ''[[Manadhai Thirudivittai]]'' || Shruti's mother ||
|-
| ''[[Aalavandhan]]'' || Tejaswini's mother||
|-
| ''[[Love Marriage (2001 film)|Love Marriage]]''||Shreekanth's mother ||
|-
| rowspan="2"|2002||''[[Alli Arjuna]]''|| Usha ||
|-
| ''[[Youth (2002 film)|Youth]]''|| Sandhya's mother ||
|-
| rowspan="6"|2003||''[[Manasellam]]''|| Bala's mother ||
|-
| ''[[Lesa Lesa]]''|| Varalakshmi ||
|-
| ''[[Aahaa Ethanai Azhagu]]''|| ||
|-
| ''[[Thithikudhe]]''|| Venu's adopted mother||
|-
| ''[[Thathi Thavadhu Manasu]]''|| ||
|-
|''[[Indru]]''|| Gauthaman's mother||
|-
| 2004 || ''[[Kavithai]]'' || ||
|-
| rowspan="4"|2005 || ''[[Thirupaachi]]'' || Raj's wife ||
|-
| ''[[Kannadi Pookal]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Devathaiyai Kanden]]'' || Uma's mother ||
|-
|''[[Amudhey]]'' || Nancy's mother ||
|-
| 2005 || ''[[Thirudiya Idhayathai]]'' || ||
|-
| 2006 || ''[[Thirupathi (2006 Tamil film)|Thirupathi]]'' || Minister's wife||
|-
| rowspan="3"|2007||''[[Adavadi]]''|| ||
|-
| ''[[En Uyirinum Melana]]'' || Kamakshi ||
|-
| ''18 Vayasu Puyale''|| Seetha ||
|-
| rowspan="4"|2008||''[[Kuselan]]''|| Sister Maria || Simultaneously shot in Telugu as ''Kathanayakudu''
|-
| ''[[Saroja (2008 film)|Saroja]]''|| Car passenger || Special appearance
|-
| ''[[Vasool]]''|| Angayarkanni||
|-
|''Thithikkum Ilamai''|| Defense lawyer||
|-
| rowspan="3"|2011|| ''[[Sabash Sariyana Potti]]'' || "Sabash Sariyana Potti" judge ||
|-
|''[[Kasethan Kadavulada (2011 film)|Kasethan Kadavulada]]''|| ||
|-
|''Kaila Kaasu Vaaila Thosa''|| ||
|-
| 2012 || ''[[Thiruthani (film)|Thiruthani]]''|| Andiyappan's wife ||
|-
| rowspan="5"|2013 || ''[[Puthagam]]'' || Veni ||
|-
| ''Naanum En Jamunavum'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Thirumathi Thamizh]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Chithirayil Nilachoru]]'' || Church mother ||
|-
| ''[[Maayai]]'' || ||
|-
| rowspan="3"|2014 || ''[[Azhagiya Pandipuram]]''|| Madhavan's mother ||
|-
| ''[[Nee Naan Nizhal]]'' ||Rohit's mother ||
|-
| ''[[Namma Gramam]]'' ||Karthyayani ||
|-
|2015 ||''[[Muthukumar Wanted]]'' || Anandhi's mother ||
|-
|2016 ||''Jennifer Karuppaiya'' || Court Judge ||
|-
|2020 ||''Vidhipadi'' || Jennifer's mother ||Short film
|-
|2025 ||''[[Mrs & Mr]]'' || Ranganayaki ||
|-
|}

===Malayalam===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year
! Film
! Role
! Notes
|-
| 2001 || ''[[Raavanaprabhu]]'' || Mundakkal Sekharan's wife ||
|-
| 2002 || ''[[Onnaman]]'' ||Deepa ||
|-
| rowspan="2"| 2007 || ''[[Ali Bhai]]'' || Ambu Bhai's wife ||
|-
| ''[[Hallo (film)|Hallo]]'' || Shivaraman's mother ||
|-
| 2008 || ''[[Madampi]]'' || Shyamala's mother ||
|-
| rowspan="2"| 2009 ||''[[My Big Father]]''|| Alby's mother ||
|-
|''[[Bhramaram]]'' || Sivankutty's sister||
|-
| rowspan="3" | 2010 || ''[[Oru Naal Varum]]''|| School Principal ||
|-
| ''[[Alexander the Great (2010 film)|Alexander the Great]]'' ||Sumithra ||
|-
|''[[Shikkar]]'' || Manu's mother ||
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2011 ||''Kottarathil Kutty Bhootham'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Traffic (2011 film)|Traffic]]'' || Raihan's mother ||
|-
| rowspan="5"| 2012 || ''[[The King & the Commissioner]]'' || Justice Eliyamma Pettikaran ||
|-
| ''[[Josettante Hero]]'' || Sajan's mother||
|-
| ''[[Grandmaster (2012 film)|Grandmaster]]'' || Alice ||
|-
| ''[[Gramam]]''|| Karthyayani || Simultaneously shot in Tamil as ''Namma Gramam''
|-
| ''[[Matinee (2012 film)|Matinee]]'' || Fathima ||
|-
| rowspan="3"| 2014 || ''[[@Andheri]]'' ||Appu's mother ||
|-
|''[[1 by Two]]'' || Ammukkuty Amma ||
|-
|''[[Asha Black]]''|| Rohit's mother || Simultaneously shot in Tamil as ''Nee Naan Nizhal''
|}

===Telugu===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year
! Film
! Role
! Notes
|-
| 2005||''[[Gowtam SSC]]''|| Chaya Rani (Gowtam's Mother) ||
|-
| 2008||''[[Kathanayakudu (2008 film)|Kadhanayakudu]]''|| Sister Maria ||
|}

==Dramas==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Year !! Film !! Role !! Actor !! Director !! Written By !! Ref.
|-
| 2013
| ''[[Ponniyin Selvan#Stage play|Ponniyin Selvan]]''
| Nandhini
| {{yes}}
| {{no}}
| [[Kalki Krishnamurthy]]
|<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/theatre/kalki-classic-for-your-ears/article4810308.ece |work=The Hindu |title=Kalki classic for your ears! |date=13 June 2013 |access-date=29 June 2019 |last=Charukesi |archive-date=26 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210426223558/https://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/theatre/kalki-classic-for-your-ears/article4810308.ece |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| 2014
| ''Koodi Vaazhnthal'' (Short Play)
| {{N/A}}
| {{No}}
| {{Yes}}
| Aashiq Babu
|
|-
| 2014
| ''Seethai Mark Seeyakaithool'' (Short Play)
| Subbamma
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| Sundara Ramasamy
|
|-
| 2014
| ''Aan Dharmam'' (Short Play)
| Paanjali
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| Jayanthan
|
|-
| 2014
| ''Thappattam'' (Short Play)
| {{N/A}}
| {{No}}
| {{Yes}}
| Vaseekaran
|
|-
| 2014
| ''Naan Avan Illai'' (Short Play)
| {{N/A}}
| {{No}}
| {{Yes}}
| Chelli Sreenivasan
|
|-
| 2015
| ''Sethu Vandhirukken''
| Vanaja
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| [[K. Balachander]]
| <ref name="Sethu" />
|-
| 2016
| ''Thaarama Tallyaa''
| Radha
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| Chitralaya Sriram
|<ref name="FABS" />
|-
| 2019
| ''Valayil Sikkiya Meen''
|
| {{Yes}}
| {{No}}
|
|
|}

==Television==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Year
! Program
! Role
! Channel
! Language
! Notes
|-
| 1989 || ''Chithirappaavai'' || Saradha ||[[DD Podhigai]] || Tamil ||
|-
| 1997|| ''Nila Pookkal'' || Possessive wife ||[[Star Vijay]] || Tamil || Telefilm
|-
| 1999 || ''Chinna Chinna Aassai : Suyamvaram'' || ||Varnam TV || Tamil ||
|-
| 2001 || ''Kaaveri'' || ||[[Sun TV (India)|Sun TV]] || Tamil ||
|-
| 2003–2005 || ''Priyanka'' || Indrani ||[[ETV (Telugu)|ETV]] || Telugu ||
|-
| 2005 || ''[[Kadamattathu Kathanar (TV series)|Kadamattathu Kathanar]]'' || Nicolas's Mother ||[[Asianet (TV channel)|Asianet]] || Malayalam ||
|-
| 2006–2008 || ''[[Lakshmi (2006 TV series)|Lakshmi]]'' || Chandra || [[Sun TV (India)|Sun TV]] || Tamil||
|-
| 2006–2007 || ''Raja Rajeshwari'' || Lakshmi Amma || [[Sun TV (India)|Sun TV]] || Tamil||
|-
| 2007|| ''[[Swami Ayyappan (TV series)|Swami Ayyappan]]'' || Unnikrishnan's mother ||[[Asianet (TV channel)|Asianet]]|| Malayalam ||
|-
| 2008 || ''Alaipayuthey'' || || [[Jaya TV]] || Tamil||
|-
| 2008 || ''Simran Thirai'' || ||[[Jaya TV]] || Tamil || Story : Anuvum Naanum
|-
| 2008–2009 || ''Thangamana Purushan'' || Lion Janaki || [[Kalaignar TV]] || Tamil||
|-
| 2009 || ''Sollathan Ninaikiren'' || || [[Zee Tamil]] || Tamil||
|-
| 2017–2021 ||''[[Yaaradi Nee Mohini (TV series)|Yaaradi Nee Mohini]]''<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/team-yaaradi-nee-mohini-celebrates-600-episodes-milestone-see-pics/articleshow/69328061.cms |title=Team Yaaradi Nee Mohini celebrates 600 episodes milestone; see pics |website=The Times of India|date=14 May 2019 }}</ref>|| Neelambari|| [[Zee Tamil]] || Tamil|| Died in serial
|-
|2017–2018||''Uyyala Jampala''||Shantamma||[[Star Maa]]||Telugu||
|-
|2017||''Muddha Mandaram''|| ||[[Zee Telugu]]||Telugu||
|-
|rowspan=3|2018|| ''[[Makkal (TV series)|Makkal]]'' || Saraswathi || [[Mazhavil Manorama]] || Malayalam || Replaced by [[Shobha Mohan]]
|-
|''[[Aranmanai Kili (TV series)|Aranmanai Kili]]'' || Judge Kaveri|| [[Star Vijay]] || Tamil||
|-
| ''[[Genes (season 3)|Genes]]'' || Guest || [[Zee Tamil]] || Tamil|| One episode
|-
|2019|| ''[[Bigg Boss Tamil 3]]''<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/bigg-boss-tamil-3-fathima-babu-to-get-evicted-from-the-house/articleshow/70113685.cms |title=Bigg Boss Tamil 3: Fathima Babu to get evicted from the house? |website=The Times of India |date=7 July 2019 |access-date=1 September 2019 |archive-date=18 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190718031632/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/bigg-boss-tamil-3-fathima-babu-to-get-evicted-from-the-house/articleshow/70113685.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>|| Contestant || [[Star Vijay]] || Tamil || Evicted on Day 14
|-
|2019|| ''Bigg Boss 3 Kondattam''|| Herself || [[Star Vijay]] || Tamil || Special show
|-
|2021|| ''[[BB Jodigal]]''|| Contestant || [[Star Vijay]] || Tamil ||
|-
|2022|| ''[[Sippikul Muthu]]''||Suseela || [[Star Vijay]] || Tamil ||
|-
|2023|| ''[[Uppena (TV series)|Uppena]]'' || Visalakshi || [[Gemini TV]] || Telugu ||
|-
| 2024 ||''Janaki Ramayya Gari Manavaralu'' || Janakamma || [[Zee Telugu]] || Telugu ||
|-
|2025–Present ||''[[Karthigai Deepam (TV series)|Karthigai Deepam]]'' || Kaaliamma || [[Zee Tamil]] || Tamil ||
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb name|1679553}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Babu, Fathima}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian film actresses]]
[[Category:Indian Tamil people]]
[[Category:Actresses in Tamil cinema]]
[[Category:Actresses in Malayalam cinema]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian actresses]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian actresses]]
[[Category:People from Madurai district]]
[[Category:Actresses from Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Actresses in Malayalam television]]
[[Category:Actresses in Tamil television]]
[[Category:Actresses in Telugu television]]
[[Category:Actresses in Telugu cinema]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Converts to Hinduism from Sunni Islam]]
[[Category:Indian former Sunni Muslims]]

Sanskrit College and University

2026-05-06T14:02:31Z

Vivekparulekar:

{{Short description|University in West Bengal, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2018}}
{{Infobox University
| name = The Sanskrit College and University
| image = Sanskrit College and University Logo.svg
| image_upright = .7
| caption =
| former_name = Sanskrit College (1824–2015)
| motto =
| motto_lang = sa
| mottoeng = ''Keeping to the root, reaching for the future.''
| established = {{circa|{{start date and age|df=yes|1824}}}}
| city = [[Kolkata]]
| state = [[West Bengal]]
| country = India
| type = [[Public university]]
| chancellor = [[Governor of West Bengal]]
| vice_chancellor = Ayan Bhattacharjee <ref>{{cite web|title=About the Vice-Chancellor|url=http://sanskritcollegeanduniversity.org.in/vcdesk.php|website=sanskritcollegeanduniversity.org.in|access-date=23 March 2018|archive-date=25 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225165535/http://sanskritcollegeanduniversity.org.in/vcdesk.php|url-status=dead}}</ref>
| students =
| undergrad =
| postgrad =
| coor = {{Coord|22.5757|N|88.3643|E|format=dms|region:IN-WB_type:edu|display=inline,title}}
| mapframe = yes
| campus = [[Kolkata]] (College Street) and [[Nabadwip]]
| budget = {{INRConvert|0.6918|c}} (2021–22 est.)<ref>{{cite web|date=Feb 5, 2021 |title=Detailed Demands For Grants For 2021-22 |url=http://wbfin.nic.in/writereaddata/Budget_Publication/2021_bp3.pdf |access-date=Feb 6, 2021}}</ref>
| affiliation = [[University Grants Commission (India)|UGC]]
| website = {{URL|https://sanskritcollegeanduniversity.ac.in/}}
| logo = Sanskrit College and University Wordmark logo.svg
}}
[[File:Sanskrit College College Street.jpg|thumb|Entrance to the main building|upright]]
'''Sanskrit College and University''' (erstwhile '''Sanskrit College''') is a prestigious [[state university (India)|state university]]<ref name=State>{{cite web|url=http://www.ugc.ac.in/oldpdf/State%20University/State%20University%20as%20on%2029-06-2017.pdf|title=List of State Universities as on 29.06.2017|date=29 June 2017|access-date=1 July 2017|publisher=[[University Grants Commission (India)|University Grants Commission]]}}</ref> located in [[Kolkata]], [[West Bengal]], [[India]]. It focuses on [[liberal arts]], offering both undergraduate and postgraduate degrees in Ancient Indian and world history, [[Bengali language|Bengali]], [[English language|English]], [[Sanskrit language|Sanskrit]], Philosophy,[[Linguistics]], and traditional oriental learning (Advaitya Vedanta) and Pali.

==History==
{{refimprove section|date=September 2017}}
[[File:Sanskrit College 1999 stamp of India.jpg|left|thumb|A 1999 stamp dedicated to the 175th anniversary of the Sanskrit College]]
Sanskrit College was founded on 1 January 1824, during the Governor-Generalship of [[William Amherst, 1st Earl Amherst|Lord Amherst]], based on a recommendation by [[James Prinsep]] and [[Thomas Babington Macaulay, 1st Baron Macaulay|Thomas Babington Macaulay]] among others.

{| class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="float:centre; margin-left:1em; font-size:100%; background:#ffc; color:black; width:20cm; max-width:50%;" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"
! style="background:#ccc;"| Secretaries
|-
| style="text-align: left;" |
* 1824–1832: W. A. Price
* 1832: [[Horace Hayman Wilson]] (offg)
* 1832–1833: Leftt. Todd
* 1833: Horace Hayman Wilson (offg)
* 1832–1839: A. Troyer
* 1835–1839: [[Ramkamal Sen]]
* 1836–1837: Radhakanta Dev (interim)
* ?: J. C. C. Sutherland (3 months)
* 1840–1841: T. A. Wise
* 1841–1851: Rasamoy Dutt
|-
! style="background-color:#cccccc;" | Principals
|-
| style="text-align: left;" |
* 1851–1858: [[Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar]]
* 1858–1864: [[Edward Byles Cowell]]
* 1864–1876: Prasanna Kumar Sarbadhikary
* 1876–1895: [[Mahesh Chandra Nyayratna Bhattacharyya]]
* 1895–1900: Nilmani Mukhopadhyaya
* 1900–1908: Haraprasad Shastri
* 1908–1910: [[Kaliprasanna Vidyaratna]]
* 1910–1920: [[Satish Chandra Vidyabhusan]]
* 1920–1923: Ashutosh Shastri
* 1924–1931: Aditya Nath Mukhopadhyay
* 1931–1942: [[Surendranath Dasgupta]]
* 1944–1946: Anantaprasad Banerjee Shastri
* 1947–1948: Jatindra Bimal Chaudhury
* 1948–1954: Sadananda Bhaduri
* 1954–1957: Prabodh Chandra Lahiri
* 1957–1967: Gaurinath Shastri
* 1967–1968: Kalicharan Shastri
* 1968–1969: Tarashankar Bhattacharya
* 1969–1983: Bishnupada Bhattacharya
* 1983: Munishwar Jha
* 1983–1985: Herambanath Chatterjee Shastri
* 1990–1994: Dilip Kumar Kanjilal
* 1997–1999: Sukomal Choudhury
* 1999–2000: Manjula Mitra
* 2000-2000: Pradip Kumar Majumdar
* 2007–2012: Anadi Kumar Kundu
* 2012–2016: Sanjukta Das
|-
! style="background-color:#cccccc;" | Vice Chancellors
|-
| style="text-align: left;" |
*2016–2017: Dilip Kumar Mohanto
*2017–2019: Paula Banerjee
*2019–2023: Soma Bandhopadhyay
*2023–2026: [[Raj Kumar Kothari]]
*2026–present: Ayan Bhattacharjee
|}

[[Mahesh Chandra Nyayratna Bhattacharyya]], the scholar of [[Sanskrit]], was the principal of the college for over 18 years. He was made a Companion of the Most Eminent Order of the Indian Empire (C.I.E.), and a member of the [[Order of the Indian Empire|Most Eminent Order of the Indian Empire]].

He played a crucial role in colonial [[Bengal]]'s educational reformation. He revived the ''tol'' system in Sanskrit education, and introduced titles or "[[Upadhi]]".

The institution rose to prominence during the principalship of [[Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar]] in 1851, who admitted students from other than the [[Brahmin]] and [[Baidya]] caste.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Subal Chandra Mitra |url=https://archive.org/details/Vidyasagar/page/n260/mode/1up?view=theater |title=Isvar Chandra Vidyasagar, a story of his life and work |date=1902 |publisher=New Bengal Press}}</ref> In particular, the ''tol'' or traditional Indian training school model was incorporated as a department in the 1870s.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Bayly|first=C. A.|url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/recovering-liberties/DFFAC6CCD37E1844C0425E6B8866E443|title=Recovering Liberties: Indian Thought in the Age of Liberalism and Empire|date=2011|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-1-107-01383-4|series=Ideas in Context|location=Cambridge|pages=144–145}}</ref>

From 1824 until 1851 the college did not have the post of principal but was headed by a secretary. From 1851 the college was headed by a principal.<ref name=heads>[https://web.archive.org/web/20130827163508/http://www.sanskritcollege.co.in/aboutus_main.htm Sanskrit College: About], sanskritcollege.co.in (archive version). Retrieved 7 September 2017.</ref>

===Transformation into a university===
The ''Sanskrit College and University, West Bengal Bill 2015'', aimed at transforming Sanskrit College into a university was passed in West Bengal Assembly on 17 December 2015. <ref>{{cite web|title=Sanskrit University bill passed|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/the-sanskrit-college-and-university-bill-passed-in-wb-assembly/articleshow/50221958.cms|website=timesofindia.indiatimes.com|accessdate=22 June 2021}}</ref>
The university was established vide ''The Sanskrit College and University, West Bengal Act 2015'' on 19 February 2016<ref>{{cite web|url=https://wbxpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/Sanskrit-College-Act-2015.pdf|title=The Sanskrit College and University, West Bengal Act 2015|work=Kolkata Gazette|date=19 February 2016}}</ref> and became functional on 15 June 2016 when the first [[Vice-Chancellor (education)|vice-chancellor]], Dilip Kumar Mohanto, joined the institute.<ref>{{cite web|title=History|url=http://sanskritcollegeanduniversity.org.in/history.php|website=sanskritcollegeanduniversity.org.in|publisher=The Sanskrit College & University|accessdate=7 September 2017|archive-date=25 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225165551/http://sanskritcollegeanduniversity.org.in/history.php|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Campus==
The Sanskrit College and University is located on [[College Street (Kolkata)|College Street]] in central [[Kolkata]], [[India]]. Its centrality is heightened by its proximity to [[Hindu School]], [[Medical College Kolkata]], [[Presidency University, Kolkata|Presidency University]], [[University of Calcutta]], and the [[College Street Coffee House|Indian Coffee House]]. It has also an academic and research campus at Nabadwip.

==Organization and Administration==
===Governance===
The [[Governor of West Bengal]] is the chancellor of the Sanskrit College and University. The Vice-chancellor of the Sanskrit College and University is the chief executive officer of the university. Ayan Bhattacharjee is the current Vice-chancellor of the university.

===Departments===
Sanskrit College and University consist of the departments of Ancient Indian & World History, Bengali, English, Linguistics, Philosophy, Pali, Sanskrit, and Traditional Orientation Learning(Advaita Vedanta, Panini Vyakarana, and Sahitya). <ref>{{cite web|url=http://sansuniv.ac.in/|title=Sanskrit College and University|access-date=22 June 2021|archive-date=12 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220812141031/http://www.sansuniv.ac.in/|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Academics==
===Courses===
Sanskrit College and University offer different undergraduate and postgraduate courses: <ref name=broc>{{cite web|url=http://sansuniv.ac.in/uploads/SCU-Information-Brochure.pdf|title=Information Brochure of the University|access-date=22 June 2021|archive-date=6 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220106083110/http://sansuniv.ac.in/uploads/SCU-Information-Brochure.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref>

* Four year Undergraduate Degree (B.A. Honours/Resarch ) courses: Ancient Indian & World History, Bengali, English, Linguistics, Philosophy, Pali, Sanskrit, Advaita Vedanta, Panini Vyakarana, and Sahitya.
* Two-year Postgraduate Degree (M.A.) Courses: Ancient Indian & World History(AIWH ),Bengali, English, Philosophy, Sanskrit, Pali and Linguistics.
*Two-year Acharya degree(equivalent to M.A.) in Traditional Oriental Learning (Advaita Vedanta).(TOL ).
*PhD degrees are also offered.
*They have well-established English, Bengali, Sanskrit, Linguistics and Pali departments. Moreover, the English department is the renowned one which has many excellent faculties.

===Central Library===
The central library of the Sanskrit College and University is a veritable goldmine for researchers. It contains over 2,00,000 books and 25,000 manuscripts, including several very rare manuscripts. <ref name=broc/> The university has also started a massive digitization program such that it can place these 25,000 manuscripts in the cultural commons.

== Sanskrit Charcha Kendra, Nabadwip Campus ==
The Sanskrit College and University has established a Sanskrit Charcha Kendra, in [[Nabadwip]], [[Nadia]], [[West Bengal]]. This state-of-the-art research center provides an opportunity to research scholars, and academics to harvest the traditional Indic knowledge base already present in University's repository and to take Indological and Sanskrit studies to the future. <ref>{{cite web|url=http://sansuniv.ac.in/p/sanskrit-charcha-kendra|title=Sanskrit Charcha Kendra, Nabadwip|access-date=23 June 2021|archive-date=18 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220218232449/http://sansuniv.ac.in/p/sanskrit-charcha-kendra|url-status=dead}}</ref>
*Sanskrit College and University offer Postgraduate Courses (like MA Bengali and Sanskrit ) at Nabadwip Campus.

==Notable alumni==
{{alumni|date=September 2017}}
*[[Saradaranjan Ray]]
*[[Bijoy Krishna Goswami]]
*[[Surendranath Dasgupta]]
*[[Krishna Kanta Handique]]
*[[Mahanambrata Brahmachari]]
*[[Bimal Krishna Matilal]]
*[[Abanindranath Tagore]]
*[[Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar]]
*[[Madanmohan Tarkalankar]]

==See also==
*[[List of Sanskrit universities in India]]
*[[Sanskrit revival]]
*[[Education in India]]
*[[Education in West Bengal]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{official}}

{{Universities in West Bengal}}
{{Sanskrit Universities in India}}
{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sanskrit College and University}}

[[Category:Sanskrit College and University| ]]
[[Category:Academic institutions associated with the Bengal Renaissance]]
[[Category:Universities and colleges in Kolkata]]
[[Category:Educational institutions established in 1824]]
[[Category:Schools in Colonial India]]
[[Category:19th century in Kolkata]]
[[Category:Sanskrit universities in India]]
[[Category:1824 establishments in India]]

Banar

2026-05-03T09:01:36Z

Vivekparulekar: Put Up New Entry - done

{{Short description|Village in Rajasthan, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2025}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Banar
| native_name = Banad
| native_name_lang = hi
| settlement_type = Village
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|india}} India
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and union territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of Rajasthan|District]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[List of constituencies of the Rajasthan Legislative Assembly|Assembly constituency]]
| subdivision_type4 = [[List of constituencies of the Lok Sabha|Lok Sabha constituency]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Rajasthan]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Jodhpur]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[Bhopalgarh Assembly constituency]]
| subdivision_name4 = [[Pali Lok Sabha constituency|Pali parliamentary constituency]]
| blank1_name_sec1 = Official language
| blank1_info_sec1 = [[Hindi]]
| blank_info_sec1 = [[Marwari language|Marwadi]]
| blank_name_sec1 = Vernacular language
| registration_plate = RJ-19 / RJ-54
| postal_code_type = Pin Code
| postal_code = 342027
| government_type = [[Gram Panchayat]]
| leader_title = [[Sarpanch]]
| leader_name = Sua Devi
| area_code = 02931
| area_code_type = Telephone Code
| blank_name_sec2 = [[Rajasthan Legislative Assembly|Assembly MLA]]
| blank_info_sec2 = [[Geeta Barwar]]
| blank1_name_sec2 = [[Lok Sabha|Parliament MP]]
| blank1_info_sec2 = [[P. P. Choudhary]]
| postal2_code_type = Post Office
| postal2_code = Banar Sub Post Office
| population_total = 4341
| population_as_of = 2011
| image_skyline = Banad (Banar) Village Jodhpur.jpg
| image_map1 =
| coordinates = {{coord|26|19|49|N|73|09|06|E|display=inline,title}}
| pushpin_map = Rajasthan#India
| elevation_m = 244
| iso_code =
| demographics_type1 = Transport Connectivity
| demographics1_title1 = [[List of railway stations in India|Nearby Railway Station]]
| demographics1_info1 = [Banar railway station]
| demographics1_title2 = [[List of airports in Rajasthan|Nearest Airport]]
| demographics1_info2 = [[Jodhpur Airport]]
| image_caption =
| official_name =
}}
'''Banar''', or '''Banad''' is a [[village]] located in the [[Mandor tehsil]] of [[Jodhpur district|Jodhpur District]], in the Indian state of [[Rajasthan]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=6 May 2024 |title=Jodhpur, Rajasthan |url=https://ceorajasthan.nic.in/map/ac_maps//AM131.pdf}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Banar Village Population - Jodhpur - Jodhpur, Rajasthan |url=https://www.census2011.co.in/data/village/84980-banar-rajasthan.html |access-date=2024-04-07 |website=www.census2011.co.in}}</ref>

== History ==
Banad was settled in 1900 CE when [[Thakur (title)|Thakur]] Sangidaan Singh of [[Bhati]] rajput clan was granted the estate by [[Sardar Singh of Jodhpur|Maharaja Sir Sardar Singh Bahadur]] of [[Kingdom of Marwar|Jodhpur]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rathore |first=Abhinay |title=Banad (Thikana) |url=https://www.indianrajputs.com/view/banad |access-date=2024-04-10 |website=Rajput Provinces of India |language=en}}</ref>

== Demographics ==
According to the 2011 Census of India, Banar had a total population of 4,341, comprising 2,254 males and 2,087 females, resulting in a sex ratio of 926 females per 1,000 males. The village had a literacy rate of 66.48%, with male literacy at 83.02% and female literacy at 48.54%. Children aged 0–6 made up 11.88% of the population. Additionally, 11.5% of the residents belonged to Scheduled Castes, while 8.1% were from Scheduled Tribes. The majority of the population speaks Marwari, with Hindi being the official language used for administrative purposes.<ref name=":0" />

== Transport ==
Banar is accessible by both rail and road. The village is served by the Banar railway station (station code: BNO), which is located approximately 14 km from Jodhpur railway station. The station consists of a single platform and primarily caters to local passenger trains.<ref>{{Citation |title=Banar railway station |date=2023-11-26 |work=Wikipedia |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banar_railway_station |access-date=2025-02-25 |language=en}}</ref> Public and private bus services are available within the village, providing connectivity to nearby towns and cities. Additionally, Jodhpur Airport is the nearest airport, facilitating air travel for residents and visitors.

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Villages in Jodhpur district]]

Suhrawardy family

2026-05-03T01:47:13Z

Vivekparulekar:

{{Short description|Political dynasty in South Asia}}
{{Use British English|date = March 2017}}
{{Infobox noble house
| surname = House of Suhrawardy
| native_name = {{Nobold|{{lang|bn|সোহ্‌রাওয়ার্দী খান্দান}} {{lang|fa|{{Nastaliq|سہروردی خاندان}}}}}}
| parent_family = [[Banu Taym]], [[Family tree of Abu Bakr|Family of Abu Bakr]]
| motto =
| type =
| country = [[India]], [[Pakistan]], [[Bangladesh]]
| founded = c. 1118 A.D.; 904 years ago
| founder = [[Shihab al-Din 'Umar al-Suhrawardi|Shihab al-Din Umar]] ibn Muhammad ibn Abdullah ibn Muhammad ibn Abdullah ibn Sa'd ibn al-Husayn ibn al-Qasim ibn al-Nadr ibn al-Qasim ibn Muhammad ibn Abdullah ibn Abd al-Rahman ibn [[al-Qasim ibn Muhammad ibn Abi Bakr|al-Qasim al-Faqih al-Madinah]] ibn [[Muhammad ibn Abi Bakr|Muhammad al-Shahid]] ibn [[Abu Bakr|Abu Bakr Abdullah al-Siddiq]]
| origin = [[Sohrevard]], [[Iran]]
| etymology = After [[Sohrevard]] and their ancestor [[Shihab al-Din 'Umar al-Suhrawardi]] who resided there.
| other_families = {{plainlist|
*[[Nawab of Dhaka|Dhaka Nawab family]]
*[[Munshibari family of Comilla]]
}}
| traditions = [[Suhrawardiyya]] [[Sunni Islam]], [[Sufism]]
| ethnicity =
| seat = [[Midnapore]]
}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2017}}
{| class="infobox" style="float: right; text-align: center; font-size: 85%; clear:right;"
|'''Suhrawardy Family Tree'''
|-
|- style="background: green"
!Midnapore
|-
|[[Ubaidullah Al Ubaidi Suhrawardy]];· Ali Mobarak Suhrawardy 
|-
|
|-
|- style="background: green;"
!Kolkata
|-
|[[Hassan Suhrawardy]]
|-
|[[Abdullah Al-Mamun Suhrawardy]]
|-
|[[Khujista Akhtar Banu]]
|-
|[[Amin Suhrawardy]]
|-
|[[Zahid Suhrawardy]]
|-
|[[Huseyn Shaheed Suhrawardy]]
|[[Hasan Shaheed Suhrawardy]]
|[[Shaista Suhrawardy Ikramullah]]
|-
|[[Princess Sarvath al-Hassan]]
|[[Robert Ashby|Rashid Suhrawardy]]
|-
|
|- style="background: green;"
!Odisha
|-
|
|-
|[[Begum Badar un nissa Akhtar]]
|[[Ibrahim Suhrawardy]]
|-
|[[Afzal-ul Amin]]
|-
|- style="background: green;"
!Allahabad
|-
|[[Nilofar Suhrawardy]]
|-
|-
|}

The '''Suhrawardy family''' with over nine hundred years of recorded history has been one of the oldest leading noble families and [[political dynasty|political dynasties]] of the [[Indian subcontinent]] and is regarded as an important influencer during the [[Bengali Renaissance]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|last=Khan|first=Waqar A.|date=2020-11-09|title=The Unforgettable Suhrawardys of Bengal|url=https://www.thedailystar.net/in-focus/news/the-unforgettable-suhrawardys-bengal-1991705|access-date=2021-11-02|website=The Daily Star|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Calcutta|first=A miracle in|title=A miracle in Calcutta|url=https://www.prospectmagazine.co.uk/magazine/amiracleincalcutta}}</ref> The family has produced many intellectuals who have contributed substantially in the fields of [[politics]], [[education]], [[literature]], [[art]], [[poetry]], [[social reformism|socio-religious]] and [[Social reformism|social reformation]]. Numerous members of the family, both biological descendants and those married into the family, have had prolific careers as politicians, lawyers, judges, barristers, artists, academicians, social workers, activists, writers, public intellectuals, ministers, educationists, statesmen, diplomats and social reformers.<ref name=":0" />

== Family history ==

The origin of the lineage can be traced back to the 11th Century Iranian philosopher and writer [[Shihab al-Din 'Umar al-Suhrawardi]], a paternal nephew of [[Abu al-Najib Suhrawardi]], who founded the ''[[Suhrawardiyya]]'' Sufi order in 1118 A.D. The family gets its name from [[Sohrevard|Shorevard]], a city in [[Iran]] where Najib took birth, learnt, preached and eventually founded the Sufi order.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=Suhrawardīyah {{!}} Ṣūfī order|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Suhrawardiyah|access-date=2021-11-02|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en}}</ref> The family lineage continued through his nephew [[Shihab al-Din 'Umar al-Suhrawardi]] as he himself was childless, one of Shihab al-Din Umar al-Suhrawardi's grandsons migrated to [[Multan]] in 1207 during the [[Mamluk dynasty (Delhi)|Mamluk]] rule in India, making the Suhrawardys first of the Sufis to come to India even before the [[Chishti Order|Chishtis]]. The family has produced many philosophers and saints since then who were greatly revered by the [[Mamluk dynasty (Delhi)|Mamluks]], as they played a major role in consolidating the position of the empire in Multan through their preachings.<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite web|date=2011-12-16|title=Hazrat Bahauddin Zakariya Multani|url=https://seekerofthesacredknowledge.wordpress.com/biographies-of-awliya-allah/hazrat-bahauddin-zakariya-multani/|access-date=2021-11-02|website=Journey of a Seeker of Sacred Knowledge|language=en}}</ref>

The founder of the [[Nizam Shahi dynasty]] of [[Hyderabad]], Deccan, [[Nizam-ul-Mulk, Asaf Jah I]] (1724) too has descended from the Bayanfandi clan of the Suhrawardi family.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S-4AscFFwZsC|title=Hyderabad Affairs|date=1883|publisher=Talbot Bros.|language=en}}</ref>

The Bengali Suhrawardies are the descendants of the Shiraaji clan of this Suhrawardi family, who migrated from [[Multan]] to [[Bengal]] in the 15th Century, when Bengal was ruled by the [[Hussain Shahi dynasty]]. Much of their early history is evidently synonymous with the history of the [[Suhrawardiyya]] order. The family however has been known since the medieval times in East India for its piety, wisdom, forthrightness, religious and socio political reformations, which they brought by playing a key role in influencing the politics in Bengal until the death of Sirajuddin Shah Suhrawardy, who was closely involved with the [[Nawabs of Bengal and Murshidabad|Ashfar dynasty]], Sharfunnesa Begum Sahiba and [[Siraj ud-Daulah|Nawab Siraj ud Daulah]], the last independent [[Nawab of Bengal]]. It was only after the [[Battle of Plassey]] in 1757, that the family officially found itself in a situation where it could no longer play a role in influencing the machinations of the monarchical politics in Bengal, hence the family briefly turned to mysticism. Until [[Ubaidullah Al Ubaidi Suhrawardy|Ubaidullah al-Ubaidi Suhrawardy]] rose to prominence and overturned the family's fortune, as a result of which the family soon found its place back in the political arena.<ref name="thewire.in">{{Cite web|title=Huseyn Shaheed Suhrawardy's United Bengal Plan That Could Have Changed the Course of India's History|url=https://thewire.in/government/gandhi-nehru-huseyn-suhrawardy-united-bengal-plan|access-date=2021-11-02|website=The Wire}}</ref> Ubaidullah did not consider himself a mystic and turned away from the family traditions to establish a new legacy altogether, thus making his father Shah Aminuddin Suhrawardy the last Sufi Pir of this family.<ref name=":0" /> Ubaidullah's children, grandchildren, great grandchildren and successive generations all grew up to play major roles in administration and politics and made significant contributions in the field of art, literature, law and social reformation, making their family, [[British Bengal]]'s most prominent family and subsequently one of the most exceptionally illustrious families of the [[Indian subcontinent]]<ref name=":0" />

== Family background ==

The Suhrawardys are [[Sharif|''Ashraf'']] (high-born muslims) and direct descendants of the first [[Caliphate|Caliph of Islam]], [[Abu Bakr]] (573 A.D - 634 A.D) and are hence of Arab descent.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite book|last=Ridgeon|first=Lloyd|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Qi7yDwAAQBAJ&dq=Suhrawardiyya+books&pg=PT336|title=Routledge Handbook on Sufism|date=2020-08-09|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-351-70647-6|language=en}}</ref> However, their ancestor, Sa'd ibn al-Husayn al-Bakri migrated from [[Medina]] to [[Sohrevard]] in [[Iran]] in 812 AD, to save himself from incurring the wrath of the Caliph, [[al-Amin]] on a matter of principle, during the [[Fourth Fitna|fourth fitna civil war]] (811 - 813 A.D.). In Iran, his great great great great grandchild, [[Abu al-Najib Suhrawardi]] established the [[Suhrawardiyya|Suhrawardiyya Sufi order]], dynasty and family in 1118 A.D, hence the Suhrawardys have a significant Iranian heritage too. They came to the [[Indian subcontinent]] in 1207 A.D. to expand the [[Suhrawardiyya]] Sufi order and settled in [[Multan]], from where the Shiraaji Suhrawardys migrated to [[Bengal]] in the 15th century to popularize the ideas of [[Sufism]] in the East. The subsequent generations were thus endowed with a mix of Arab, Iranian and Indian heritages.<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Brown|first1=John P.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CGKhLy5lfwQC&dq=ancestry+of+najib+al+din+Suhrawardi&pg=PA159|title=The Darvishes: Or Oriental Spiritualism|last2=Brown|first2=John Porter|date=June 1968|publisher=Psychology Press|isbn=978-0-7146-1980-4|language=en}}</ref>

The [[Bengal Renaissance]] of the 19th century was an extraordinary period of societal transformation in the fields of arts, literature, culture, music, politics, administration and education. The Bengal Renaissance was the culmination of the process of emergence of the cultural characteristics of the Bengali people that had started in the age of [[Alauddin Hussain Shah]] (1493–1519) under whose rule the Suhrawardys came to [[Bengal]] from [[Multan]]. This revolution, however, lasted for around three centuries, and had a tremendous impact on the Bengali society. It was also during this remarkable period, that the saying "What Bengal thinks today, India thinks tomorrow" resonated throughout the rest of India. This time frame coincided with the resurrection of the Suhrawardy family and the rise of the [[Tagore family]].<ref name=":0" />

{{Cquote
| quote = "No contemporary Muslim family at that time had produced such an array of outstanding scholars, educationists, lawyers (barristers), public servants and politicians at the same time. The multifaceted accomplishments and preponderance of the Suhrawardy family in the socio-cultural-political milieu of colonial Bengal and by extension of India prior to the partition in 1947, and in certain cases thereafter, was simply unparalleled in the modern history of our subcontinent." ~Waqar A Khan, founder of Bangladesh forum for heritage studies.<ref name=":0" />}}

The Suhrawardy family just like the [[Tagore family]] attained prominence during this period mostly because of their unusual social positioning between the Indians and the European influences. Both the families dominated the fields of arts, education, public service and politics of that period.<ref name=":0" />

== Branches of the Suhrawardy family ==

=== Medinipur branch ===

'''[[Ubaidullah Al Ubaidi Suhrawardy]]''': born in [[Medinipur]], which once used to be the nucleus of the Suhrawardy family. Ubaidullah was a learned scholar, educationist, writer and social reformer. He is said to have paved the base on which the modern Suhrawardy family stood. In 1857, in the wake of [[Sepoy Mutiny]] he passed the Final Central Examinations from [[Calcutta Madrasa]]. In 1874, he was appointed as the first superintendent of Dhaka Madrasah. Ubaidullah is the writer of the famous Persian books ''Lubul Arab'' (Arabic grammar), ''Urdu Diwan" (Urdu poems, 1880), "Farsi Dewan" (Persian poems, 1886), "Dastar-e-Parsi Amuz" (Persian grammar)'', including a number of manuscripts on women's education, psychology and philosophy. The British government later awarded him with the title of "Bahr ul Ulm" (meaning sea of knowledge).<ref>{{Cite web|title=Ubaidullah Al Ubaidi Suhrawardy|url=https://frontend/topic/Ubaidullah_Al_Ubaidi_Suhrawardy|access-date=2021-11-02|website=frontend}}</ref>

'''[[Abdullah Al-Mamun Suhrawardy]]'''
<nowiki>:</nowiki> Abdullah was the eldest son of [[Ubaidullah Al Ubaidi Suhrawardy]]. He graduated in 1898 in Arabic, English and Philosophy obtaining a first class in his special subjects and standing the first of his year both in the B.A. and M.A. examinations of [[Calcutta University]]. He also earned a PhD degree from [[Calcutta University]] in 1908 and became the first person to do so in [[Bengal]]. He later did another masters from [[London University]]. He founded the Pan Islamic Society of London. On his return to [[Calcutta]], he was elected to the [[British Bengal Legislative Council|Bengal legislative council]]. Abdullah was also selected as a member of the Reforms Franchise Committee under [[Montague-Chelmsford reforms]]. He served as the deputy President of the Bengal Legislature from 1923 to 1926. He was then elected to [[Central Legislative Assembly|Indian Legislative Assembly]]. As a member of the central legislative assembly, to the central committee which in 1929 collaborated with [[Simon Commission|Simon commission]], he sympathized with the [[Odias]] and his report on Odia speaking population in Bengal, which he prepared on the behalf of Simon Commission, amplified the demands of the Odias and later paved the way for the creation of a separate odia speaking province, [[Odisha]]. Abdullah married Sahibzadi Ahmedi Begum the daughter of Sahibzada Mohammad Mirza Ali Nakey. Suhrawardy was a close friend of [[Leo Tolstoy|Leo Tolstoj]]. He was later [[knight]]ed in 1931. For his profound learning and vast knowledge, the [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]] [[Turkish people|Turkish]] [[Sultan]] decorated him with the medal of 'Tamgha-e-Majidi', whereas, the [[Shah of Iran]] awarded him with the title of 'Iftekhar-ul-Millat' (meaning: pride of the Muslim nation).<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Morgan|first=Kenneth|date=1942-10-01|title=The Sayings of Muhammed. Allama Sir Abdullah al-Mamun Suhrawardy|journal=The Journal of Religion|volume=22|issue=4|pages=458–459|doi=10.1086/482954|issn=0022-4189|doi-access=free}}</ref>

'''[[Khujista Akhtar Banu]]''': Khujista was the eldest daughter of [[Ubaidullah Al Ubaidi Suhrawardy]]. She was a writer, scholar, and social worker. Khujista was home schooled as a child. She learnt Persian, Urdu, Arabic and English from her father. In 1887, she became the first Indian woman to have passed the [[Senior Cambridge|Senior Cambridge examinations]]. Khujista was also the first woman to be appointed as an examiner by the [[Calcutta University]]. As a writer, she wrote the famous book "Aaina e Ibrat", which was approved by Calcutta University and was incorporated in the syllabus for all its affiliated colleges. She founded the Suhrawardia Girls High school in 1909, which was inaugurated by Lady Minto. Khujista undertook various social work campaigns, she personally visited the slums to educate the marginalized communities about health and sanitation during the wake of [[Influenza]] and [[Cholera]]. She married her first cousin, [[Zahid Suhrawardy]].<ref>{{Cite book|last=Amin|first=Sonia Nishat|url=https://brill.com/view/book/9789004491403/B9789004491403_s009.xml|title=Rise of Formal Education|date=1996-01-01|publisher=Brill|isbn=978-90-04-49140-3|language=en}}</ref>

'''Kaisar i Hind [[Hassan Suhrawardy]]''': Hassan was the younger son of [[Ubaidullah Al Ubaidi Suhrawardy]]. Hassan served as the lieutenant Colonel in the [[British Indian Army]]. He was also a politician, public official and also the first Muslim [[Vice Chancellor of Calcutta University]] (1930-1934). He was the second Muslim from the undivided India to become a fellow of the [[Royal College of Surgeons of England]]. Suhrawardy later served as an advisor to the [[Simon Commission]] and was a member of the [[British Bengal Legislative Council|Bengal Legislative Council]] of which he was Deputy President from 1923 to 1925. As the Chief Medical and Health Officer of the [[East Indian Railway]], he founded the railway's ambulance and nursing division. Hassan was also the founder of the [[East London Mosque]]. Hassan also served as the advisor to the [[Secretary of State for India]] from 1939 to 1944. Hassan was appointed an [[OBE]] in the 1927 Birthday Honours list and was awarded the Kaiser-i-Hind Medal, First Class in the same honours list in 1930, knighted on 17 February 1932 and appointed an Associate Officer of the [[Order of Saint John (chartered 1888)|Venerable Order of St. John (OStJ)]] in January 1932 and was promoted to the rank of Associate Commander in January 1937. He later renounced his all his British honours. The "Suhrawardy Avenue" in [[Calcutta]] was named after him in April 1933.
Hassan was married to Sahibzadi Shahbanu Begum, the daughter of Nawab Syed Mohammad Azad of Dhaka and the granddaughter of [[Nawab Abdul Latif]]. Their children were Hassan Masud Suhrawardy and [[Shaista Suhrawardy Ikramullah]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Archives|first=The National|title=The Discovery Service|url=https://discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk/details/c/F44483|access-date=2021-11-02|website=discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk|language=en-GB}}</ref>

=== Family of Hassan Suhrawardy ===

'''[[Shaista Suhrawardy Ikramullah]]''': Shaista was the daughter of [[Hassan Suhrawardy]]. She graduated from [[Loreto College, Kolkata]]. Shaista was also the first Muslim woman to earn a PhD degree from the prestigious [[London University]]. In 1933, she was married to [[Mohammed Ikramullah]], who was the secretary and advisor at the Ministries of Commerce, Information and Broadcasting, Commonwealth Relations and Foreign Affairs. She wrote for Tehzeeb-e-Niswan and Ismat, both Urdu women's magazines, and later wrote for English-language newspapers. In 1950 her collection of short stories called Koshish-e-Natamaam, was published. Her autobiography, From Purdah to Parliament (1963), is her best-known writing which she translated into Urdu to make it more accessible. After Partition, she was elected to the Constituent Assembly of India in 1946, but never took the seat because of the immense pressure that the [[All-India Muslim League|Muslim league]] leaders exerted on her. However, after Partition, she became one of two female representatives at the first Constituent Assembly of Pakistan in 1947. She was also a delegate to the [[United Nations]], and worked on the [[Universal Declaration of Human Rights]] (1948) and the [[Genocide Convention|Convention Against Genocide]] (1951). She was Pakistan's Ambassador to [[Morocco]] from 1964 to 1967.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-07-21|title=Begum Shaista Suhrawardy Ikramullah – 22 July|url=https://women.ncr-iran.org/2020/07/21/women-in-history-22-july/|access-date=2021-11-02|website=NCRI Women Committee|language=en-US}}</ref>

'''[[Mohammed Ikramullah]]''': Ikramullah was the son in law of [[Hassan Suhrawardy]] and the husband of [[Shaista Suhrawardy Ikramullah|Shaista Suhrawardy]]. Ikramullah's brother [[Mohammad Hidayatullah|Mohammed Hidayatullah]] was the [[Chief Justice of India]] from 1968 to 1970 and the [[Vice President of India]] from 1979 to 1984. Ikramullah had joined the Indian Civil Service in 1934. Later, Ikramullah served as the Advisor to the preparatory commissions of the [[United Nations]] in [[London]] and [[San Francisco]], and at its first general assembly, between 1945 and 1946. He was appointed a [[Companion of the Order of the Indian Empire|CIE]] (Companion of the Order of the Indian Empire) in the [[1946 New Year Honours]]. He moved to [[Pakistan]] following the partition of [[India]], where he was appointed as the foreign secretary of Pakistan. Ikramullah played key roles in establishing the Commonwealth Economic Committee and had been nominated as [[Secretary-General]] of the [[Commonwealth of Nations|Commonwealth]] at the time of his death in 1963.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Mohammed Ikramullah - National Portrait Gallery|url=https://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/person/mp77805/mohammed-ikramullah|access-date=2021-11-02|website=www.npg.org.uk|language=en}}</ref>

'''[[Princess Sarvath al-Hassan|Princess Sarvath Al Hassan]]''': Sarvath is the youngest daughter of [[Shaista Suhrawardy Ikramullah|Shaista Suhrawardy]] and [[Mohammed Ikramullah]]. She lived in all the countries that her parents were posted to, but mostly received her education in [[United Kingdom|Britain]], and received her bachelor's degree from the [[University of Cambridge]]. She first met Prince Hassan in [[London]] in 1958, when they were both eleven years old. Sarvath married [[Prince Hassan bin Talal]] of [[Jordan]] on 28 August 1968. Princess Sarvath served as Crown Princess of Jordan for over 30 years. She initiated, sponsored and continues to support many projects and activities in Jordan, mainly in the field of education, in addition to issues pertaining to women and the family, social welfare and health. Much of her work focuses on promoting education about various topics (both locally and internationally), assisting disadvantaged women, encouraging community service and helping people with mental and learning disabilities. Princess Sarvath and her husband continue to represent Jordan at international royal events, such as the wedding of [[Victoria, Crown Princess of Sweden]], and the coronation of King [[Willem-Alexander of the Netherlands]]. In 2013, she rode in the carriage of [[Queen Elizabeth II]] at [[Royal Ascot|Ascot Racecourse]].<ref>{{Cite web|website=El Hassan bin Talal |title=HRH Princess Sarvath El Hassan|url=http://www.elhassanbintalal.jo/HRH-Prince-EL-Hassan-Bin-Talal/Family/HRH-Princess-Sarvath-El-Hassan|access-date=2021-11-02}}</ref>

'''[[Salma Sobhan]]''': Also known as Rashida Akhtar Banu. She was the daughter of [[Shaista Suhrawardy Ikramullah|Shaista Suhrawardy]] and a [[Bangladeshi]] lawyer and human rights activist. In 2001, she was elected to the Board of the United Nations Research Institute For Social Development (UNRISD). She married [[Rehman Sobhan]], an economist and a freedom fighter. The Protichi Foundation started by Amartya Sen has instituted an award for journalists in Salma's name.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Khan|first=Zeenat|date=2014-12-29|title=Remembering Salma Sobhan|url=https://www.thedailystar.net/remembering-salma-sobhan-57453|access-date=2021-11-02|website=The Daily Star|language=en}}</ref>

'''[[Naz Ikramullah]]''': Naz the daughter of [[Shaista Suhrawardy Ikramullah|Shaista Suhrawardy]]. She is a film producer. Naz designed and wrote a filmstrip for the [[National Film Board of Canada|NFB]] film Making Faces, which won the First Prize for [[Art Education]] in Oakland, California in 1989. She also completed a film regarding the cultural life of Muslim women of the Indian Subcontinent. She teaches painting and printmaking at the [[Ottawa School of Art]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=2010-01-14|title=My Pakistani buddy|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/my-pakistani-buddy/story-E5FytD3zNcaKtoc5Aj1ZCO.html|access-date=2021-11-02|website=Hindustan Times|language=en}}</ref>

=== Family of Amin Suhrawardy ===

'''[[Amin Suhrawardy]]''': Amin was the youngest son of [[Ubaidullah Al Ubaidi Suhrawardy]] from his second wife. He was a professor of law at [[University of Calcutta]], he later became a sub judge of Calcutta High court. Besides his legal background, Amin was also a very renowned sorcerer. Amin and [[Ganapati Chakraborty]] were the only two prominent magicians at that time in [[Bengal]]. Amin was also one of the mentors of [[P. C. Sorcar|P.C Sorcar]].<ref name="scientifique. 2013">{{Cite book|author=Gayer, Laurent |author2=Jaffrelot, Christophe |title=Muslims in Indian cities: trajectories of marginalisation|date=2013 |publisher=Columbia University Press|isbn=978-0-231-70308-6|oclc=1259284452}}</ref>

'''[[Begum Badar un nissa Akhtar]]''': Badrun nissa was the only daughter of [[Amin Suhrawardy]] and hence the only surviving grandchild of [[Ubaidullah Al Ubaidi Suhrawardy]] and his second wife. Badrun nissa was married into the Diwan family of [[Dhenkanal State|Dhenkanal state]] in [[Cuttack]], to [[Sayeed Mohammed]], an educationist, philanthropist and a scholar. Sayeed's father [[Atharuddin Mohammed]] was the feudal lord of Madhi, the Diwan of the princely state of [[Dhenkanal]] and one of early members of Utkal Sabha (the organisation which fought for the unification of Odia speaking provinces). However, after, Sayeed's untimely death in 1922, Badrun nissa was debarred from the family title and property as per the Mehroom al Mariaz tradition of [[Islamic Sharia Council|Islamic Shariat]]. Hence Badrun nissa gave her children, her father's ([[Amin Suhrawardy]]'s) name and thus the family assumed its surname "Amin". Badrun nissa like many of her female forebears, worked for the upliftment of the community with a special focus on female education. She later joined as a teacher in Ravenshaw Girls High school, becoming the first muslim woman in Odisha to do so. In March 1921, when [[Mahatma Gandhi]] visited Odisha for the first time, she greeted him at Vinod Bihari, where Gandhiji addressed the women of [[Cuttack]] city.<ref>{{cite book |last=Mukherjee|first=Sujata|chapter=Medical Education and Emergence of Women Medics in Colonial Bengal|date=2017-01-05|title=Gender, Medicine, and Society in Colonial India|pages=38–68|publisher=Oxford University Press|doi=10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199468225.003.0002|isbn=978-0-19-946822-5}}</ref>

The family however sided with [[Indian National Congress|Congress]], carrying forward the legacy of their paternal primogenitors. The most prominent among whom was [[Afzal-ul Amin|Afzal ul Amin]], who served as the general secretary of [[Utkal Congress|Utkal Pradesh Congress Committee]] and was a politician and statesman of the Congress party. Since the family, over generations had put efforts to create a separate [[Odisha|Odisha province]], they remained emotionally attached to their motherland and hence became one of the few branches of the Suhrawardy family who chose not to migrate to Pakistan, following the [[partition of India]] in 1947.<ref name="scientifique. 2013"/>

'''[[Afzal-ul Amin|Afzal ul Amin]]''': was the youngest son of Badarun nissa and a renowned politician who won the municipal elections continuously from 1952 to 1980.<ref name="scientifique. 2013"/> He later served as the Chairman of Municipal corporation. Amin carried forward his father's legacy and participated in the [[Indian freedom struggle]]. He mobilized the Indian masses during the [[Quit India movement]] of 1942, after Bibhunenda Mishra and Surajmal Shah were arrested. Amin amplified and made significant contributions to the [[Bhoodan movement|Bhudan movement]] in Odisha. He worked as the chairman in many emergency committees formed to help the people in the flood affected areas, during the floods in Cuttack.
He contested in the [[Odisha Legislative Assembly]] elections from Cuttack in 1971<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Johnston|first1=Ron|last2=Forrest|first2=James|date=March 2000|title=Constituency election campaigning under the alternative vote: the New South Wales Legislative Assembly election 1995|journal=Area|volume=32|issue=1|pages=107–117|doi=10.1111/j.1475-4762.2000.tb00120.x|bibcode=2000Area...32..107J |issn=0004-0894}}</ref> and was later appointed as the general secretary of Utkal Pradesh Congress Committee. As the chairman of Cuttack Municipal corporation's committee on education, he established more than 10 lower and upper primary Urdu schools in the city.
Afzal ul married his second cousin, Syeda Roshanara Amin ({{nee|Akhtar Qadriyyah}}), the younger daughter of [[Ibrahim Suhrawardy]]. He has two daughters; the eldest, Tabasum Sultana, married the notable writer and politician, [[Hussain Rabi Gandhi]].

'''[[Farhat Amin]]''': is the youngest daughter of [[Afzal-ul Amin]]. She is a journalist and a social activist, who pioneered the Muslim women movement in Odisha. Farhat is the founder and chief functionary of BIRD Trust, a non-governmental organisation which works for the upliftment of marginalized women in Odisha and the also the state convenor of [[Bharatiya Muslim Mahila Andolan]].<ref>{{Cite report |last1=Bird|first1=L.|last2=Milligan|first2=M.|last3=Lew|first3=D.|date=2013-09-01|title=Integrating Variable Renewable Energy: Challenges and Solutions |publisher=National Renewable Energy Laboratory |doi=10.2172/1097911 |osti=1097911|doi-access=free}}</ref> She was enlisted in the directory of development journalists published by the [[Press Institute of India]]. As a social activist, she undertook active steps to eradicate the menace of Hepatitis B among children in Odisha, for which she was felicitated by the [[Governor of Odisha]] in 2008. Farhat married the tribal rights activist, [[Saleem Farook]].<ref>{{Cite journal|last=DeWitt|first=Tom|date=1977|title=True Grit|journal=Soil Horizons|volume=18|issue=2|page=21|doi=10.2136/sh1977.2.0021|issn=2163-2812}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Ahirrao|first=Jitendra|date=2014-06-30|title=Case study India's First Women's Bank - Bharatiya Mahila Bank|journal=MUDRA: Journal of Finance and Accounting|volume=1|issue=1|doi=10.17492/mudra.v1i1.2460|issn=2395-2598|doi-access=free}}</ref>

=== Family of Mobarak Ali Suhrawardy ===

'''Mobarak Ali Suhrawardy :''' was a brother of [[Ubaidullah Al Ubaidi Suhrawardy]]. He was a reputed lawyer and an aristocrat.

'''[[Zahid Suhrawardy]]''' (1870 - 1949): was the son of Mobarak Ali Suhrawardy, he was born in [[Midnapore]] and educated at [[Dacca]]. He began his legal career after obtaining a degree in law from [[Calcutta University]]. He later qualified for the bar from the Lincoln's Inn as a barrister-at-law, before returning to India. Zahid practiced at the Calcutta High Court and was soon promoted as a judge at the same court. He resigned from service ten years later, in November 1931 and was knighted in 1928. In 1888, Zahid married [[Khujista Akhtar Banu]] (c.1874–1919), the daughter of educationist [[Ubaidullah Al Ubaidi Suhrawardy]], Zahid's uncle. Their children included linguist [[Hasan Shaheed Suhrawardy]] (1890–1965) and Prime Minister of Pakistan, [[Huseyn Shaheed Suhrawardy]] (1892–1963).<ref>{{Cite magazine|date=1957-07-22|title=PAKISTAN'S PREMIER: A Confident Leader or a Chaotic Land|language=en-US|magazine=Time|url=http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,862601,00.html|access-date=2021-11-02|issn=0040-781X}}</ref>

'''[[Hasan Shaheed Suhrawardy]]''' (1890 - 1965): Hassan was the eldest son of [[Zahid Suhrawardy]] and a famous writer, poet, translator and a diplomat. Hasan graduated in English from [[Calcutta University]] in 1909 following which he went to [[England]] where he graduated from [[Oxford University]] in law. In Oxford, he became close friends with [[Robert Bridges]] and [[D. H. Lawrence]]. He later served as a professor of English at [[Moscow University]] and was caught in the [[Russian Revolution|Russian revolution (1917)]]. He later came to [[Paris]] on a tour and stayed there. In Paris, he served as the editor of the Fine Art Section of the League of Nations. Hassan finally returned to [[India]] in 1932 after which he worked as a researcher and writer for many works commissioned by [[Osmania University]], [[Visva-Bharati University]]. Suhrawardy was also member of the Bengal Public Service Commission during 1943–46. After the [[Partition of India]], Suhrawardy like the rest of his family, migrated to [[Pakistan]], he served as a diplomat.
He was an ambassador of Pakistan to [[Spain]], [[Morocco]], [[Tunisia]] and the [[Vatican City|Vatican]] from 1954 onwards. He became very close to [[Jawaharlal Nehru]] and [[Sudhindranath Dutta]]. He was proficient in many languages including [[Russian language|Russian]], [[Cantonese]], [[Aramaic]], [[Greek language|Greek]], [[Italian language|Italian]], [[Spanish language|Spanish]] and [[French language|French]] languages.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Hasan Shahid Suhrawardy {{!}} Making Britain|url=https://www.open.ac.uk/researchprojects/makingbritain/content/hasan-shahid-suhrawardy|access-date=2021-11-02|website=www.open.ac.uk}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Hasan Shaheed Suhrawardy|url=https://frontend/topic/Hasan_Shaheed_Suhrawardy|access-date=2021-11-02|website=frontend}}</ref>

'''[[Huseyn Shaheed Suhrawardy]]''': was the youngest son of [[Zahid Suhrawardy]]. Huseyn was a lawyer and an excellent politician. He is regarded as one of the most intellectual and powerful statesman of the Indian subcontinent and also the mentor of [[Bangladesh]]'s founding father [[Sheikh Mujibur Rahman]]. He was the [[Prime Minister of Bengal]] from 1946 to 1947 and the [[Prime Minister of Pakistan]] from 1956 to 1957. His political career started as early as in his youth days, when he returned to India after studying law at [[Oxford University]] and joined the [[Indian Independence movement]] as a trade union leader in [[Calcutta]]. He was elected to [[Bengal Legislative Assembly]] in 1937. In 1946, Suhrawardy led the [[Bengal Provincial Muslim League]] to win the general elections and thus became the third and last [[Prime Minister of Bengal]]. He proposed a [[United Bengal]], also known as the Free State of Bengal.<ref name="thewire.in"/> Huseyn is however criticized and held responsible for the [[Great Calcutta Killings]]. He migrated to [[Pakistan]] with the rest of his family, where he emerged as supreme leader of the [[Awami League|Awami league]]. In 1956, he was elected the [[Prime Minister of Pakistan]]. He led Pakistan's diplomacy in [[SEATO]] and [[CENTO]], thus strengthening [[Pakistan]]'s ties with the [[United States]]. He was also the leader of Pakistan's Republican constituent Assembly, which ended [[dominion status]] and the monarchy of [[Queen Elizabeth II]] in [[Pakistan]].<ref name="thewire.in"/>

He is the father of [[Robert Ashby|Rashid Suhrawardy]] and [[Begum Akhtar Sulaiman]]

== Family tree ==
{{Tree list}}
* Shah Sirajuddin Suhrawardy
** Shah Ruknuddin Suhrawardy
*** Shah Najibudin Suhrawardy
*** Shah Aminuddin Suhrawardy
**** Ruhul Amin Suhrawardy
**** [[Ubaidullah Al Ubaidi Suhrawardy]]
***** [[Khujista Akhtar Banu]], m. [[Zahid Suhrawardy]]
****** [[Huseyn Shaheed Suhrawardy]], firstly married Begum Niaz Fatima, daughter of [[Abdur Rahim (judge)|Chief Justice Abdur Rahim]]
******* [[Begum Akhtar Sulaiman]]
******** [[Shahida Jamil]]
********* Shahid Jamil
******* [[Robert Ashby]]
****** [[Hasan Shaheed Suhrawardy]]
***** [[Hassan Suhrawardy]]
****** [[Shaista Suhrawardy Ikramullah]], m. [[Mohammed Ikramullah]]
******* [[Princess Sarvath al-Hassan]], m. [[Prince Hassan bin Talal]]
******** [[Princess Rahma bint Hassan]], m. [[Alaa Batayneh]]
********* Arif Al Batayneh
******** [[Princess Badiya bint Hassan]]
******** [[Prince Rashid bin Hassan]], m. [[Zeina Shaban]]
********* Hassan bin Rashid
********* Talal bin Rashid
******** [[Princess Sumaya bint Hassan]]
******* [[Salma Sobhan]], m. [[Rehman Sobhan]]
******** [[Zafar Sobhan]]
******* [[Naz Ikramullah]]
******* Imam Ikramullah
****** Hasan Masud Suhrawardy
***** [[Amin Suhrawardy]]
****** [[Begum Badar un nissa Akhtar]], m. [[Sayeed Mohammed]]
******* [[Afzal-ul Amin]], m. daughter of [[Ibrahim Suhrawardy]]
******** [[Farhat Amin|Farhat Amin Sultana]], m. [[Saleem Farook]]
********* Rayan Farook
******** Tabasum Amin Sultana, m. [[Hussain Rabi Gandhi]]
******* Fazal ul Amin
******** Siddiq Al Amin
******** Sayeeda Sultana
******* Ather ul Amin
******** Daud ur Rahman
******** Razia Sultan
******** Farida Sultana
******** Niloufar Sultana
******** Yasmeen Sultana
******* Shamsunahar Akhtar
******** Shahbuddin Mohammed Gani
******** Badruddin Mohammed Faruque
******* Begum Husnara Akhtar
***** [[Abdullah Al-Mamun Suhrawardy]]
***** Habib ur Rahman Suhrawardy
***** Aziza Akhtar Banu
***** Humayun Akhtar Banu
**** Mubarak Ali Suhrawardy
***** [[Zahid Suhrawardy]], m. [[Khujista Akhtar Banu]]
****** [[Huseyn Shaheed Suhrawardy]], m. [[Vera Alexandrovna Tiscenko Calder]]
******* [[Robert Ashby|Rashid Suhrawardy]]
****** [[Hasan Shaheed Suhrawardy]]
***** Mahdi Hasan Suhrawardy
**** Abdul Ali Suhrawardy
**** Umme Kulsum
***** Dastur Ali
** Aleemuddin Suhrawardy
*** Atiqur Suhrawardy
***Abida Akhtar Banu
****Syed Shaminuddin Ahmed m. Syeda Zameerunnissa Begum
*****Syed Shamsuddin Ahmed
*****Syeda Munerunissa Akhtar
******[[Ibrahim Suhrawardy]]
*** Qutubuddin Suhrawardy

{{Tree list/end}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Suhrawardy family| ]]
[[Category:Indian families]]
[[Category:Indian noble families]]
[[Category:Bengali families]]
[[Category:Banu Abu Bakr]]

Bigg Boss (Hindi TV series) season 14

2026-04-28T01:00:53Z

Vivekparulekar: Put Up A Entry - done

{{short description|Indian reality show (2020)}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2020}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2021}}
{{Infobox television season
| season_number = 14
| image = Bigg Boss (Hindi Season 14) logo.jpg
| image_alt =
| caption =
| bgcolour = #DAA500
| module1 = {{Infobox reality competition season
| presenter = [[Salman Khan]]
| num_days = 140
| num_housemates = 22
| winner =[[Rubina Dilaik]]
| runner_up = Rahul Vaidya
}}
| num_episodes = 141
| network = [[Colors TV]]
| first_aired = {{Start date|df=yes|2020|10|03}}
| last_aired = {{end date|df=yes|2021|02|21}}
| episode_list = See on VOOT App for detailed list
}}

'''''Bigg Boss 14''''', also known as '''''Bigg Boss: Ab Scene Paltega''''', was the fourteenth season of the [[India]]n [[reality TV]] series ''[[Bigg Boss (Hindi TV series)|Bigg Boss]]''. It premiered on 3 October 2020 on [[Colors TV]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/bigg-boss-14-heres-need-know-grand-premiere-salman-khan-hosted-show/|title=Bigg Boss 14: Here's all that you need to know about the grand premiere of the Salman Khan hosted show : Bollywood News |work=Bollywood Hungama |date=4 October 2020}}</ref> [[Salman Khan]] hosted the season for the eleventh time. The Grand Finale took place on 21 February 2021 where [[Rubina Dilaik]] emerged as the winner and Rahul Vaidya became runner-up.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rubina Dilaik Wins Bigg Boss 14, Runner Up is Rahul Vaidya
|url=https://www.sakshipost.com/news/tv/rubina-dilaik-wins-bigg-boss-14-runner-rahul-vaidya-130775 |access-date=2025-06-25 |website=Sakshi Post |date=22 February 2021 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Bigg Boss 14 Gets Extension Till February 2021; Rakhi Sawant, Nikki Tamboli, Rahul Vaidya to Enter Tonight {{!}} India.com |url=https://www.india.com/entertainment/tv-news-bigg-boss-14-gets-extension-till-february-2021-rakhi-sawant-nikki-tamboli-rahul-vaidya-to-enter-tonight-4258942/ |access-date=2025-01-19 |website=www.india.com |language=en}}</ref>

Apart from the usual hour-long episode, viewers also had access to the direct ''24x7'' ''camera footage''. The
viewers also had access to ''Before TV'' on [[Voot|Voot Select]] where episode was telecast 15 minutes before it was telecast on [[Colors TV]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Baddhan|first=Raj|date=2020-08-16|title=Voot Select to live stream 'Bigg Boss 14' 24 hours a day for first time|url=https://www.bizasialive.com/voot-select-to-live-stream-bigg-boss-14-24-hours-a-day-for-first-time/|access-date=2021-11-21|website=BizAsia {{!}} Media, Entertainment, Showbiz, Brit, Events and Music|language=en-GB}}</ref>

==Production==
===Teaser===
The season was delayed for a month due to heavy rain in [[Mumbai]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=25 August 2020|title=Bigg Boss 14 Premiere Delayed by 1 Month Due to This Reason|url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/bigg-boss-14-premiere-delayed-by-1-month-due-to-this-reason-2817607.html|website=news 18|language=en}}</ref> On 8 August 2020, the makers released the first promo of the season on [[Colors TV]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Bhatia |first1=Tarun |title=Bigg Boss 14 Promo Out: Salman Khan Reveals New Logo of The Show |url=https://www.india.com/entertainment/tv-news-bigg-boss-14-promo-out-salman-khan-reveals-new-logo-of-the-show-watch-here-4106162/ |access-date=1 September 2020 |work=india.com |date=8 August 2020}}</ref> Due to the [[COVID-19 pandemic]], the promos were shot at [[Salman Khan]]'s farmhouse.<ref>{{Cite web|date=8 August 2020|first=Amit|last=Tyagi|title=Salman Khan's Bigg Boss 14: Grand premiere on September 27|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/reality-tv/story/salman-khan-s-bigg-boss-14-grand-premiere-on-september-27-1709079-2020-08-08|access-date=9 August 2020|website=India Today|language=en}}</ref> After eight days, a second promo was released on Colors TV.<ref>{{cite news |title=Bigg Boss 14 new promo: Salman Khan says 2020 has raised questions on entertainment, promises a fitting reply |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/tv/bigg-boss-14-new-promo-salman-khan-says-2020-has-raised-questions-on-entertainment-promises-a-fitting-reply/story-leYhlXBqMQF4Fnv0ZR7TYJ.html |access-date=1 September 2020 |date=17 August 2020}}</ref> The third promo was released on 29 August 2020. The fourth promo was released on 13 September 2020 revealing the date of 'Grand Premiere'.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Bigg Boss 14 Launch Date Revealed by Salman Khan in New Promo|url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/bigg-boss-14-launch-date-revealed-by-salman-khan-in-new-promo-2874861.html|access-date=19 September 2020|website=www.news18.com|date=14 September 2020 }}</ref> The 'Grand Finale' aired on 21 February 2021.<ref>{{Cite web|title=bigg-boss-14-grand-finale-when-and-where-to-watch|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/reality-tv/story/bigg-boss-14-grand-finale-when-and-where-to-watch-1770394-2021-02-18|access-date=18 February 2021|website=www.indiatoday.in |date=18 February 2021 }}</ref>

===Eye logo===
The border of the eye is dark yellow with a red background. Blue or purple electric lines come from the middle of the eye and join with yellow dots which are set on the inner side of the border which are made to appear like a wire. Each dot is connected with three lines that joined the big center iris of blue color with yellow bob.

===House===
The show this time had a "Futuristic Theme" and was located in [[Goregaon]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Inside Bigg Boss 14 house, see photos|url=https://www.indianexpress.com/photos/entertainment-gallery/inside-bigg-boss-14-house-photos-6669458/lite/|access-date=3 October 2020|website=Indian Express|date=3 October 2020}}</ref> The house had 2 special sections called ''BB Spa'' & ''BB Mall''. On Day 17, Another house section was revealed called ''Red Zone'' where nominated housemates lived. On Day 37, the Red Zone was
closed.

==Housemates status==

{| class="wikitable sortable" style=" text-align:center; font-size:85%; line-height:25px; width:auto;"
| scope="col" style="background:#DAA500" |'''Sr.'''
! scope="col" style="background:#DAA500" |Housemates
! scope="col" style="background:#DAA500" |{{nowrap|Day entered}}
|style="background:#DAA500" |{{nowrap|'''Day exited'''}}
! scope="col" style="background:#DAA500" |Status
|-
| 1
| Rubina
| Day 1
| Day 140
| {{won|Winner}}
|-
| 2
| Rahul V
| Day 1
| Day 140
| {{Runner-up|1st runner-up}}
|-
| 3
| Nikki
| Day 42
| Day 140
| style="background:#7FFFD4;" | 2nd runner-up
|-
| 4
| Aly
| Day 42
| Day 140
| style="background:#DDA0DD;" | 3rd runner-up
|-
| 5
| Rakhi
| Day 77
| Day 140
| style="background:#FF69B4;" | 4th runner-up
|-
| rowspan="2" | 6
| rowspan="2" | Eijaz
| Day 1
| Day 70
| {{eliminated|Evicted}}
|-
| Day 77
| Day 140
| {{Quit|Walked, 5th runner-up}}
|-
| 7
| Abhinav
| Day 1
| Day 137
| {{eliminated|Evicted}}
|-
| 8
| Urfi
| Day 42
| Day 133
| {{eliminated|Evicted}}
|-
| 9
| Raqesh
| Day 1
| Day 120
| style="background:#BFFF04;" | {{nowrap|Evicted by Housemates}}
|-
| 10
| Manasvi
| Day 42
| Day 119
| {{eliminated|Evicted}}
|-
|11
|Jasmin
| Day 1
| Day 105
| {{eliminated|Evicted}}
|-
| 12
| Shardul
| Day 28
| Day 98
| {{eliminated|Evicted}}
|-
| 13
| Nilam
| Day 42
| Day 91
| {{eliminated|Evicted}}
|-
| rowspan="2" | 14
| rowspan="2" | Kavita
| Day 1
| Day 31
| {{eliminated|Evicted}}
|-
| Day 47
| Day 74
| {{Quit|Walked}}
|-
| 15
| Pavitra
| Day 1
| Day 63
| {{eliminated|Evicted}}
|-
| 16
| Nishant S
| Day 1
| Day 31
| style="background:#BFFF04;" | {{nowrap|Evicted by Housemates}}
|-
| 17
| Nikki
| Day 1
| Day 36
| {{CRemoved|Ejected}}
|-
| 18
| Jaan
| Day 1
| Day 35
| {{eliminated|Evicted}}
|-
| 19
| Abhinav
| Day 1
| Day 28
| {{eliminated|Evicted}}
|-
| 20
| Naina
| Day 28
| Day
| {{eliminated|Entered}}
|-
| 21
| Sara
| Day 1
| Day 14
| {{eliminated|Evicted}}
|-
| 22
| Shehzad
| Day 1
| Day 14
| {{eliminated|Evicted}}
|}

==Housemates==
===Original entrants===
The freshers in the order of appearance and entered in the house are:
* [[Nikki Tamboli]] – Film actress.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/bigg-boss-14-contestant-nikki-tamboli-know-more-about-her-films-boyfriend-and-more/articleshow/78426897.cms|title=Bigg Boss 14 contestant Nikki Tamboli: Know more about her films, boyfriend and more |website=The Times of India|date=3 October 2020 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/tv/bigg-boss-14-as-hot-and-sizzling-nikki-tamboli-tries-to-woo-salman-khan-this-is-the-actor-s-reaction-watch/story-w9BWP8zLcFJX8S1dY7FKOO.html|title=Bigg Boss 14: As 'hot and sizzling' Nikki Tamboli tries to woo Salman Khan, this is the actor's reaction. Watch|date=3 October 2020|website=Hindustan Times}}</ref> She worked predominantly in Tamil and Telugu movies.
* [[Abhinav Shukla]] – Actor and model.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/bigg-boss-14-rubina-dilaik-and-hubby-abhinav-shukla-groove-to-a-sensuous-number-watch/articleshow/78445793.cms|title=Bigg Boss 14: Rubina Dilaik and hubby Abhinav Shukla groove to a sensuous number, watch |website=The Times of India|date=3 October 2020 }}</ref> He was part of serials like ''[[Ek Hazaaron Mein Meri Behna Hai]]'', ''[[Diya Aur Baati Hum]]'', ''[[Geet – Hui Sabse Parayi]]'' and ''[[Silsila Badalte Rishton Ka]]''.
* [[Rubina Dilaik]] – Television and film actress.<ref>{{cite web |date=29 September 2020 |title=Bigg Boss 14: Gia Manek OUT, Rubina Dilaik & Abhinav Shukla To Get LOCKED Inside Salman Khan's 'BB 14' House? |url=https://news.abplive.com/entertainment/television/bigg-boss-14-gia-manek-out-rubina-dilaik-abhinav-shukla-to-get-locked-in-salman-khan-bb-14-house-1351318 |website=ABP NEWS}}</ref> She is known for playing Radhika Purohit in ''[[Chotti Bahu]]'' and Soumya Singh in ''[[Shakti - Astitva Ke Ehsaas Ki]]''.
* [[Jasmin Bhasin]] – Television and film actress.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Taneja |first1=Parina |title=Bigg Boss 14: Who is Jasmin Bhasin? Check her jaw-dropping photos here |url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/entertainment/tv/bigg-boss-14-who-is-jasmin-bhasin-check-her-jaw-dropping-photos-here-652769 |access-date=30 September 2020 |work=www.indiatvnews.com |date=28 September 2020 |language=en}}</ref> She is known for her role as Twinkle Taneja Sarna in ''[[Tashan-e-Ishq]]'', Teni Bhanushali in ''[[Dil Se Dil Tak]]'' and participating in ''[[Fear Factor: Khatron Ke Khiladi 9]].''
* [[Nishant Singh Malkani]] – Actor and model.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/nishant-singh-malkani-to-take-part-in-bigg-boss-14/articleshow/77703064.cms|title=Nishant Singh Malkani to take part in Bigg Boss 14?|website=[[The Times of India]] |date=23 August 2020}}</ref> He is known for his role of Anukalp Gandhi in ''[[Preet Se Bandhi Ye Dori Ram Milaayi Jodi]],'' Akshat Jindal in ''[[Guddan Tumse Na Ho Payega]]'' and the films ''[[Horror Story (film)|Horror Story]], [[Bezubaan Ishq]]''.
* Shehzad Deol – Model.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/bigg-boss-14-contestant-shehzad-deol-photos-6670414/|title=Meet Bigg Boss 14 contestant Shehzad Deol|date=3 October 2020}}</ref> He was the third runner-up on the first season of ''[[MTV Ace of Space]]'' in 2018.
* [[Sara Gurpal]] – Singer and actress.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/entertainment/tv/bigg-boss-14-sara-gurpal-everything-you-should-know-about-punjabi-actress-singer-654122| title=Bigg Boss 14: Everything you should know about Punjabi actress-singer Sara Gurpal| date=3 October 2020}}</ref> She became popular after appearing in the song ''Jean'' sung by [[Ranjit Bawa]].
* Jaan Kumar Sanu – Musician/singer.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/bigg-boss-14-sidharth-shukla-pulls-jaans-legs-says-dad-kumar-sanu-is-watching-him-go-to-the-smoking-room/articleshow/78492534.cms|title=Bigg Boss 14: Sidharth Shukla pulls Jaan's legs; says dad Kumar Sanu is watching him go to the smoking-room |website=The Times of India|date=5 October 2020 }}</ref> He is the son of Bollywood singer [[Kumar Sanu]].
* [[Pavitra Punia]] – Television actress.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/tv/meet-bigg-boss-14-contestant-pavitra-punia-paras-chhabra-s-ex-girlfriend/story-9hA5qyFaYdIVr8Kq7id3SL.html|title=Meet Bigg Boss 14 contestant Pavitra Punia|date=3 October 2020|website=Hindustan Times}}</ref> She is known for her role as Geet in ''[[Love U Zindagi]]'' and participating in ''[[MTV Splitsvilla|MTV Splitsvilla 3]]''.
* [[Rahul Vaidya]] – Singer.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/exclusive-bigg-boss-14-contestant-rahul-vaidya-denies-dating-pyaar-ka-dard-hai-actress-disha-parmar-says-i-am-open-to-finding-love-on-the-show/articleshow/78471152.cms|title=Exclusive - Bigg Boss 14 contestant Rahul Vaidya denies dating Pyaar Ka Dard Hai actress Disha Parmar; says 'I am open to finding love on the show' |website=The Times of India|date=4 October 2020 }}</ref> He participated in ''[[Indian Idol]]'' and ''[[Jo Jeeta Wohi Superstar]]''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/entertainment/tv/bigg-boss-14-rahul-vaidya-discovers-benefit-of-being-on-the-controversial-show-654156|title=Bigg Boss 14: Rahul Vaidya discovers benefit of being on the controversial show|first=Parina|last=Taneja|date=4 October 2020|website=www.indiatvnews.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Bigg Boss 14: Emotional Rahul Vaidya voluntarily leaves the show; says that he is missing family |website=The Times of India |date=6 December 2020 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/bigg-boss-14-emotional-rahul-vaidya-voluntarily-leaves-the-show-says-that-he-is-missing-family/articleshow/79595309.cms|access-date=7 December 2020}}</ref>

===Wild card entrants===
* [[Kavita Kaushik]] – Actress, television host and model.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Bureau|first=ABP News|title=Bigg Boss 14: TV Hottie Kavita To Enter Salman Khan's Show As A Wild Card Contestant?|url=https://news.abplive.com/entertainment/television/bigg-boss-14-fir-actress-kavita-kaushik-wild-card-contestant-salman-khan-bigg-boss-2020-1368964|access-date=26 October 2020|website=ABP Live|date=20 October 2020|language=en}}</ref> Kavita is known for Chandramukhi Chautala in ''[[F.I.R. (TV series)|F.I.R]]'' and participating in ''[[Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa season 8|Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa 8]]''.
* [[Naina Singh]] – Television actress, model and winner of [[MTV Splitsvilla season 10|MTV Splitsvilla 10]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Exclusive: Kumkum Bhagya actress Naina Singh to be Bigg Boss 14 contestant|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/reality-tv/story/exclusive-kumkum-bhagya-actress-naina-singh-to-be-a-part-of-bigg-boss-14-1713211-2020-08-20|access-date=26 October 2020|website=India Today|date=20 August 2020 |language=en}}</ref> She is known for portraying Rhea in ''[[Kumkum Bhagya]]''.
* [[Shardul Pandit]] – Television actor and radio jockey.<ref>{{Cite web|date=25 October 2020|title=Meet Bigg Boss 14 contestant Shardul Pandit|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/bigg-boss-14-contestant-shardul-pandit-photos-6821379/|access-date=26 October 2020|website=Indian Express|language=en}}</ref> He is known as a radio jockey in [[Radio Mirchi]] and appearing in the show ''Kuldeepak''.
* [[Aly Goni]] – Television actor.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Aly Goni: Everything you should know about Bigg Boss 14 wild card contestant|url=https://www.indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/bigg-boss-14-contestant-aly-goni-photos-videos-6923495/lite/|access-date=4 November 2020|website=Indian Express|date=4 November 2020}}</ref> He is known for his role Romesh "Romi" Bhalla in ''[[Yeh Hai Mohabbatein]].''
* [[Sonali Phogat]] – Politician and actress.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Sonali Phogat enters Bigg Boss 14 as wildcard entry|url=https://navbharattimes.indiatimes.com/tv/bigg-boss/bjp-leader-sonali-phogat-enters-bigg-boss-14-as-wild-card-disha-parmar-to-enter-soon-say-reports/articleshow/79839303.cms|website=Navbharat Times|language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Actress-politician Sonali Phogat, who had hit an official with slipper enters the Bigg Boss 14 house as a wildcard contestant |website=The Times of India|date=23 December 2020 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/actress-politician-sonali-phogat-who-had-hit-an-official-with-slipper-enters-the-bigg-boss-14-house-as-a-wildcard-contestant/articleshow/79885847.cms|access-date=23 December 2020}}</ref>She has appeared in Punjabi and Haryanvi music videos. She had acted in [[Zee TV]]'s ''[[Tashan-e-Ishq]]''.

=== Challengers ===
* [[Vikas Gupta]] – Producer.<ref name="auto1">{{Cite web|title=Rakhi Sawant, Vikas Gupta, Kashmera Shah, Rahul Mahajan to enter Bigg Boss 14|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/reality-tv/story/rakhi-sawant-vikas-gupta-kashmera-shah-rahul-mahajan-to-enter-bigg-boss-14-1745070-2020-11-29|access-date=29 November 2020|website=India Today |date=29 November 2020 }}</ref> Contestant of [[Bigg Boss (Hindi season 11)|Season 11]].
*[[Rakhi Sawant]] – Actress and dancer.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Bigg Boss 14: Challenger Rakhi Sawant reveals her game plan |website=The Times of India|date=9 December 2020 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/bigg-boss-14-challenger-rakhi-sawant-reveals-her-game-plan/articleshow/79641948.cms|access-date=12 December 2020}}</ref> Contestant of [[Bigg Boss (Hindi season 1)|Season 1]].
*[[Kashmera Shah]] – Actress.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Kashmera Shah in 'Bigg Boss 14'- Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/kashmera-shah-on-her-game-in-bigg-boss-14-i-dont-care-what-people-think-of-me-in-any-case-they-think-that-i-am-a-bad-person/articleshow/79550740.cms|access-date=12 December 2020|website=The Times of India|date=3 December 2020 |language=en}}</ref> Contestant of [[Bigg Boss (Hindi season 1)|Season 1]].
*[[Rahul Mahajan]] – Political leader.<ref name="auto1"/> Contestant of [[Bigg Boss (Hindi season 2)|Season 2]] and [[Bigg Boss Halla Bol|Halla Bol]].
*[[Arshi Khan]] – Model, actress and dancer.<ref name="auto1"/> Contestant of [[Bigg Boss (Hindi season 11)|Season 11]].
*Manu Punjabi – Reality TV personality.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Bigg Boss 14: How Manu Punjabi is quietly manipulating the game |website=Times of India|date=10 December 2020 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/bigg-boss-14-how-manu-punjabi-is-quietly-manipulating-the-game/articleshow/79661580.cms|access-date=12 December 2020}}</ref> Contestant of [[Bigg Boss (Hindi season 10)|Season 10.]]

=== Proxy entrants ===
* [[Devoleena Bhattacharjee]] – Television actress and contestant of ''[[Bigg Boss (Hindi season 13)|Season 13]]''. She appeared as a replacement for [[Eijaz Khan]], who left the house due to prior commitments.

==Twists==
This season featured various twists, following are a few of the twists:

===Seniors===
The seniors in alphabetical order
The Seniors stayed in the house for 18 days:
* [[Gauahar Khan]] – Actress and model, winner of [[Bigg Boss (Hindi season 7)|Season 7]]
* [[Hina Khan]] – Actress and model, runner up of [[Bigg Boss (Hindi season 11)|Season 11]]
* [[Sidharth Shukla]] – Actor, model and host, winner of [[Bigg Boss (Hindi season 13)|Season 13]]

===Challengers===
On Day 66, former Bigg Boss Contestants Rakhi, Arshi, Vikas, Manu, Rahul, and Kashmera entered the show as challengers and became contenders for the trophy.

===Connection Week===
In Week 19, Bigg Boss announced that the connections of the housemates will come in support of the contestants and spend a week with them in the Big Boss House. They entered on Day 129 and left on Day 134.
{| class="wikitable" style="text"
|-
!Housemate
!Connection Name
!Connection
|-
! Nikki
| Jaan Kumar Sanu
| Friend
|-
! Rubina
| Jyotika Dilaik
| Sister
|-
! Rahul V
| Toshi Sabri
| Friend
|-
! Rakhi
| Vindu Dara Singh
| Friend
|-
! Aly
| Jasmin Bhasin
| Girlfriend
|-
! Devoleena
| Paras Chhabra
| Friend
|-
! Abhinav
| Rahul Mahajan
| Friend
|}

===Housemates allotment===
<blockquote style="padding: 0em; overflow:auto;">
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:100%; font-size:85%; font-family: sans-serif; line-height:13px;"
! rowspan="3" |Housemate
! colspan="3" |Week 1
! {{nowrap|Week 2}}
! colspan="2" |Week 3
! colspan="3" |Week 4
! colspan="4" |Week 5
! {{nowrap|Weeks 6–20}}
|-
! {{nowrap|Day 1}}
! {{nowrap|Day 2}}
! {{nowrap|Day 8}}
! {{nowrap|Day 16}}
! {{nowrap|Day 18}}
! {{nowrap|Day 19}}
! {{nowrap|Day 22}}
! {{nowrap|Day 25}}
! Day 27
! Day 31
! Day 32
! {{nowrap|Day 35}}
! {{nowrap|Day 36}}
! {{nowrap|Day 37-141}}
|-
|{{ref|1|[1]}}
|{{ref|2|[2]}}
|{{ref|3|[3]}}
|{{ref|4|[4]}}
|{{ref|5|[5]}}
|{{ref|6|[6]}}
||{{ref|7|[7]}}
||{{ref|8|[8]}}
||{{ref|9|[9]}}
|{{ref|10|[10]}}
|{{ref|11|[11]}}
|{{ref|12|[12]}}
|
| rowspan="16" style="background:#87CEEB;"|Red Zone Closed
|-
!Rubina
| colspan="2" style="background:tomato" |Rejected
| colspan="2" style="background:#cfc;" |Selected
| style="background:#FBF373;" |Confirmed
| colspan="3" style="background:lightgreen;" |{{nowrap|Green Zone}}
| style="background:salmon;" | {{nowrap|Red Zone}}
| style="background:lightgreen;" |{{nowrap|Green Zone}}
| style="background:salmon;" | {{nowrap|Red Zone}}
| colspan="2" style="background:lightgreen;" |{{nowrap|Green Zone}}
|-
!Rahul
| colspan="4" style="background:#cfc;" |Selected
| style="background:#FBF373;" |Confirmed
| colspan="2" style="background:lightgreen;" |{{nowrap|Green Zone}}
| style="background:salmon;" |Red Zone
| colspan="2" style="background:lightgreen;" |{{nowrap|Green Zone}}
| colspan="3" style="background:salmon;" | Red Zone
|-
! Nikki
| colspan="2" style="background:#cfc;" |Selected
| colspan="3" style="background:#FBF373;" |Confirmed
| colspan="2" style="background:lightgreen;" |{{nowrap|Green Zone}}
| style="background:salmon;" textcolor="white" |{{nowrap|Red Zone}}
| colspan="5" style="background:lightgreen;" |{{nowrap|Green Zone}}
|-
! Aly
| colspan="10" style="background:beige;" |''Not in house''
| colspan="3" style="background:orange;" |Quarantined
|-
! Abhinav
| colspan="4" style="background:#cfc;" |Selected
| style="background:#FBF373;" |Confirmed
| colspan="8" style="background:lightgreen;" |{{nowrap|Green Zone}}
|-
!Eijaz
| colspan="4" style="background:#cfc;" |Selected
| style="background:darkgrey" |
| colspan="2" style="background: salmon;" |{{nowrap|Red Zone}}
| colspan="6" style="background:lightgreen;" |{{nowrap|Green Zone}}
|-
! Jasmin
| colspan="4" style="background:#cfc;" |Selected
| style="background:#FBF373;" |Confirmed
| colspan="3" style="background:lightgreen;" |Green Zone
| style="background:salmon;" | {{nowrap|Red Zone}}
| colspan="4" style="background:lightgreen;" |Green Zone
|-
! Kavita
| colspan="6" style="background:beige;" |''Not in house''
| colspan="2" style="background:lightgreen;" |Green Zone
| style="background:salmon;" | {{nowrap|Red Zone}}
| colspan="4" bgcolor="darkgrey" |
|-
! Jaan
| style="background:tomato" |Rejected
| colspan="3" style="background:#cfc;" |Selected
| style="background:#FBF373;" |Confirmed
| colspan="2" style="background:lightgreen;" |{{nowrap|Green Zone}}
| style="background:salmon;" |{{nowrap|Red Zone}}
| colspan="5" style="background:lightgreen;" | Green Zone
|-
! Pavitra
| colspan="4" style="background:#cfc;" |Selected
| style="background:darkgrey" |
| colspan="3" style="background:salmon;" |Red Zone
| colspan="5" style="background:lightgreen;" |{{nowrap|Green Zone}}
|-
!Shardul
| colspan="6" style="background:beige;" |''Not in house''
| colspan="4" style="background:lightgreen;" |Green Zone
| colspan="3" style="background:salmon;" | Red Zone
|-
!Naina
| colspan="6" style="background:beige;" |''Not in house''
| colspan="4" style="background:lightgreen;" |Green Zone
| colspan="2" style="background:salmon;" | Red Zone
| colspan="1" bgcolor="darkgrey" |
|-
!Nishant
| style="background:tomato" |Rejected
| colspan="3" style="background:#cfc;" |Selected
| style="background:#FBF373;" |Confirmed
| colspan="3" style="background:lightgreen;" |Green Zone
| style="background:salmon;" | Red Zone
| colspan="4" bgcolor="darkgrey" |
|-
!Shehzad
| colspan="3" style="background:#cfc;" |Selected
| colspan="2" style="background:#87D3F8;" |Not Confirmed
| colspan="8" style="background: darkgray" |
|-
!Sara
| style="background:tomato" |Rejected
| colspan="2" style="background:#cfc;" |Selected
| colspan="10" style="background: darkgray" |
|}
</blockquote>

=== Notes ===

#{{note|1}} The Seniors were given the decision to select or reject the Fresher Housemates. They rejected four were confined to the garden area.
#{{note|2}} The rejected Housemates were given a chance to change their status from Rejected to Selected and will be allowed to enter the House. Rubina didn't perform well in the task and stayed Rejected.
#{{note|3}} *Rubina was allowed by Bigg Boss to change her status from Rejected to Selected, by sacrificing her chance to win immunity. She sacrificed and was allowed to stay in the house. *Nikki was selected as the first Confirmed Housemate by the Seniors.
#{{note|4}} Shehzad was voted out by the Freshers and Seniors and received the status of Not Confirmed.
#{{note|5}} All Fresher housemates and Seniors competed in a task. Team Sidharth lost and therefore, Eijaz and Pavitra were evicted from the house. And Shehzad as the Not Confirmed housemate was also evicted. Everyone else was Confirmed.
#{{note|6}} On Day 18, the Red Zone was revealed to the housemates. And Eijaz and Pavitra moved into the Red Zone.
#{{note|7}} On Day 22, three Wild-Card Freshers entered the Green Zone.
#{{note|8}} After the nominations, the four nominated housemates had to stay in the Red Zone. And as Eijaz was saved he moved to the Green Zone.
#{{note|9}} During the first Tabadla, the four nominees got to choose any one housemate from the Green Zone to replace them in the Red Zone. Then Captain Eijaz had to decide either to swap or stay. He swapped all four housemates.
#{{note|10}} After the Double Eviction process, Jasmin and Rubina moved back to Green Zone while Nishant and Kavita leave the Bigg Boss House.
#{{note|11}} In the Nomination Task, the four housemates moved to the Red Zone and were nominated for eviction. On Day 33, Aly entered a Quarantined Zone and stayed there for a few days.

===Sultani Akhada===
The season brought back the segment for the fourth time. Two housemates have to do physical tasks during the weekend ka vaar's with Salman Khan. There are two rounds. In the first round will be a debate between the two housemates and second will be a light wrestling match. Whoever succeeds these two rounds will be the winner and will get a power. It only appeared in weeks 4 and 14.
<blockquote style="padding: 0em; overflow:auto;">
{| class="wikitable" font-size:85%; font-family: sans-serif; line-height:13px;"
! style="width: 5%;" |
! style="width: 5%;" | Day 29
! style="width: 5%;" | Day 99
|- style="background:#5DADEC;" |
! Participants for Sultani Akhada
| Jaan Nishant
| Arshi Rubina
|- style="background:#FFFF99;" |
! Winner
| Nishant
| Arshi
|}
</blockquote>

==Guest appearances==

===Through direct contact===
{| border="2" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" style=";margin: 1em 1em 1em 0;font-size:85%; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse;"
! width="5%" style="background:#DAA520" | Week(s)
! width="5%" style="background:#DAA520" | Day(s)
! width="20%" style="background:#DAA520" | Guest(s)
! width="25%" style="background:#DAA520" | Notes
|-
| '''First Day First Show'''
| Day 0
|[[Radhe Maa]]
| rowspan="3" | For motivating contestants
|-
| rowspan="2" |Week 1
| rowspan="2" | Day 7
|[[Nimrit Kaur Ahluwalia]], [[Avinesh Rekhi]]
|-
|[[Badshah (rapper)|Badshah]]
|-
| rowspan="3" | Week 3
| Day 21
|[[Preeti & Pinky]]
|Navratri Special
|-
| Day 22
|[[Divya Khosla Kumar]]
| Promotion of song "Teri Aankhon Mein"
|-
| Day 23
|[[Nora Fatehi]] and [[Guru Randhawa]]
| Promotion of song "Nach Meri Rani"
|-
| rowspan="2" | Week 4
| rowspan="2" | Day 29
| [[Shehnaaz Gill]]
| rowspan="2" | For entertaining and motivating contestants
|-
|[[Sunidhi Chauhan]]
|-
| Week 5
| Day 36
|[[Remo D'Souza]], [[Punit Pathak|Punit J Pathak]], [[Shakti Mohan]], [[Salman Yusuff Khan]], Sushant Pujari, Rahul Shetty, Abhinav Shekhar
| For entertaining and promoting new album
|-
| rowspan="3" | Week 6
| Day 38
|[[Farah Khan]], [[Charul Malik]], Amit Tyagi
| As a judge in the Bigg Boss Adalat
|-
| Day 39
|DJ Chetas, [[Anu Malik]], [[Neeti Mohan]], [[Shaan (singer)|Shaan]], [[Sachin–Jigar|Sachin Sanghvi]]
|For BB Disco Night
|-
| Day 42
|[[Antara Biswas|Mona Lisa]], [[Mahima Makwana]], [[Surbhi Jyoti]], [[Sudha Chandran]], [[Surbhi Chandna]], [[Haarsh Limbachiyaa]], Garvit Pareek
|For Diwali celebration
|-
| rowspan="2" |Week 7
| rowspan="2" |Day 49
|[[Ekta Kapoor]], [[Divyenndu|Divyenndu Sharma]], [[Sumeet Vyas]]
|For special task and promotion of [[ALTBalaji|ALTBalaji's]] "Bicchoo Ka Khel"
|-
|[[Darshan Raval]], Heli Daruwala
|For promotion of " Main kisi aur ka" Song
|-
| rowspan="2" |Week 8
| rowspan="2" |Day 56
|[[Kamya Panjabi|Kamya Punjabi]], [[Devoleena Bhattacharjee]], Sandiip Sikcand, Ronnit Biswas
|
To support their connections
|-
|[[Tony Kakkar]], [[Neha Kakkar]]
|For promotion of the song "Shona Shona"
|-
| rowspan="2" |Week 9
| rowspan="2" |Day 64
|[[Shruti Sharma (actress)|Shruti Sharma]]
|For promotion of ''[[Namak Issk Ka]]''
|-
|[[Krushna Abhishek]]
|To support his wife Kashmera Shah
|-
| rowspan="2" |Week 10
| rowspan="2" |Day 71
|[[Kavita Kaushik]]
| rowspan="2" |To sort out personal things with Abhinav Shukla
|-
|Ronnit Biswas
|-
|Week 11
|Day 79
|[[Dhvani Bhanushali]]
|For promotion of the song "Nayan"
|-
| rowspan="5" |Week 12
| rowspan="5" |Day 85
|[[Raveena Tandon]]
| rowspan="2" |For Salman Khan's special birthday surprise
|-
|[[Jacqueline Fernandez]]
|-
|[[Shehnaaz Gill|Shehnaaz Kaur]] and Siddharth Shukla
| rowspan="2" |For promotion of the [[ShareChat|Moj]] app
|-
|[[Dharmesh Yelande|Dharmesh]]
|-
|[[Haarsh Limbachiyaa]] and Garvit Pareek
|For [[Christmas]] Day special
|-
| rowspan="12" |Week 13
| rowspan="2" |Day 92
|[[Pankaj Tripathi]] and [[Satish Kaushik]]
|For promotion of the movie ''[[Kaagaz]]''
|-
|[[Sunny Leone]]
|As a BB doctor
|-
|Day 93
|[[Amar Upadhyay]], [[Priyal Mahajan]], Aurra Bhatnagar Badoni, Pravisht Mishra, [[Surbhi Chandna]], [[Sharad Malhotra]], [[Antara Biswas]]
|For entertaining contestant
|-
| rowspan="5" |Day 96
|Pramila Tamboli (Nikki's Mother)
| rowspan="9" |To meet their family member and for talk time task
|-
|[[Shilpa Saklani]] (Abhinav's Friend)
|-
|Geeta Vaidya (Rahul's Mother)
|-
|Yashodhra Phogat (Sonali's Daughter)
|-
|Imran Khan (Eijaz's Brother)
|-
| rowspan="4" |Day 97
|Jyotika (Naina) Dilaik (Rubina's Sister)
|-
|Mr. & Mrs. Bhasin (Jasmin's Parents)
|-
|Farhan Khan (Arshi's Brother)
|-
|[[Rashami Desai]] (Vikas's Friend)
|-
|Week 14
|Day 98
|[[Pavitra Punia]]
|To meet Eijaz Khan
|-
| rowspan="2" |Week 15
| rowspan="2" |Day 105
|[[Harrdy Sandhu]] and [[Sargun Mehta]]
|For promotion of the song "Titliaan Warga"
|-
|[[Tulsi Kumar]]
|For promotion of the song "Tanhaiyaan"
|-
| rowspan="4" |Week 16
| rowspan="4" |Day 113
|[[Kamya Panjabi]]
|Anchor of Patrakaar Parishad
|-
|[[Raghav Juyal]] and [[Haarsh Limbachiyaa]]
|For entertaining contestants
|-
|[[Sidharth Shukla]]
|To host the show in Salman’s Absence.
|-
|[[Tina Datta]] and [[Rashami Desai]]
|For celebration of 12 years of ''[[Uttaran]]''
|-
|Week 17
|Day 120
|[[Mouni Roy]]
|To playing games with contestant
|-
| rowspan="2" |Week 18
| rowspan="2" |Day 127
|[[Disha Patani]] and [[Randeep Hooda]]
|To promote [[Radhe (2021 film)|''Radhe'']]
|-
|[[Harsh Rajput]]
|To Promote [[Kuch Toh Hai: Naagin Ek Naye Rang Mein|''Kuch Toh Hai'']]
|-
| rowspan="2" |Week 19
| rowspan="2" |Day 134
|[[Disha Parmar]]
|To accept proposal of Rahul Vaidya
|-
|Gunjan Sinha and [[Raghav Juyal]]
|For entertaining the contestants
|-
| rowspan="10" |Week 20
|Day 136
|[[Abhinav Shukla]]
|For Valentines special date for Rubina Dilaik
|-
| rowspan="2" |Day 139
|[[Rajkummar Rao]]
|To promote his film [[Roohi (2021 film)|''Roohi'']]
|-
|[[Bharti Singh]] and [[Haarsh Limbachiyaa]]
|For special task and were introduced as the first contestants of ''[[Bigg Boss (Hindi season 15)|Bigg Boss 15]]''.
|-
| rowspan="7" |Grand Finale
|[[Madhuri Dixit]], [[Dharmesh Yelande]], [[Tushar Kalia]], Jamnabai, Sohail Khan
|To promote season 3 of ''[[Dance Deewane]]''
|-
|[[Dharmendra]]
| rowspan="2" |Special appearance
|-
|[[Nora Fatehi]]
|-
|[[Riteish Deshmukh]]
|To conduct the eviction
|-
|[[Avinesh Rekhi]], [[Nimrit Kaur Ahluwalia]], [[Kevina Tak]], Aurra Bhatnagar Badoni, [[Pravisht Mishra]]
|Colors family to promote their respective shows airing on Colors TV
|-
|Priyanka Chahar Choudhary, [[Ankit Gupta]] and [[Isha Malviya]]
|To promote Udaariyaan
|-
|[[Aditya Redij]] and Kinjal Dhamecha
|To promote Bawara Dil
|}

===Through video conferencing===
{| border="2" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" style="margin: 1em 1em 1em 0;font-size:85%; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse;"
! style="background:#DAA520" | Week(s)
! style="background:#DAA520" |Day(s)
! style="background:#DAA520" | Guest(s)
! style="background:#DAA520" | Notes
|-
| Week 1
| Day 8
| [[Hardik Pandya]], [[Krunal Pandya]], [[Ishan Kishan]]
| For motivating contestants
|-
| Week 3
| Day 22
| [[Karan Patel]] and [[Ankita Bhargava Patel|Ankita Patel]]
| To support Shardul Pandit
|-
| Week 5
| Day 36
| [[Kamya Punjabi]], [[Surbhi Chandna]], [[Arti Singh]], [[Vindu Dara Singh]]
| Special guest (celebrity panel)
|-
| rowspan="2" |Week 13
|Day 96
|Ilham Goni (Aly's Sister)
| rowspan="2" |To meet their family member and for talk time task
|-
|Day 97
|Jaya Sawant (Rakhi's Mother)
|-
|Week 16
|Day 113
|[[Eijaz Khan]] and [[Pavitra Punia]]
|To meet reporters in BB press conference
|-
|Week 20
|Day 139
|Aly's Parents and Niece
|To fulfill Aly Goni's wish
|-
|}

==Weekly summary==
{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%; font-size:85%; line-height:20px;"
|-
! rowspan="12" style="background:#DAA500; text-align:center;"| Week 1
| '''Entrances'''
|
*On Day 1, Eijaz, Nikki, Abhinav, Rubina, Jasmin, Nishant, Shehzad, Sara, Jaan, Pavitra and Rahul entered the house as a fresher.<ref name="auto10">{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/reality-tv/story/bigg-boss-14-episode-1-review-begins-with-a-bang-ends-as-a-snooze-fest-1728244-2020-10-04|title= Bigg Boss 14 Episode 1 Review: Begins with a bang, ends as a snooze-fest|date=2020-10-04}}</ref>
*Gauahar, Hina and Sidharth also entered the house but as seniors.<ref name="auto10"/>
|-
| '''Twist'''
|
*On Day 1, seniors had to decide which freshers will be selected and who were going to be rejected; Eijaz, Nikki, Abhinav, Jasmin, Shehzad, Pavitra and Rahul were selected whereas Rubina, Nishant, Sara and Jaan were rejected.<ref name="auto10"/>
*On Day 4, Abhinav was given the option to relinquish his immunity, if he agreed then his wife Rubina would be allowed to erase the rejected status and enter the house, but he declined the offer And Rubina remained a rejected member.<ref name="auto5">{{cite web|url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/bigg-boss-14-written-update-october-7-2020-abhinav-shukla-picks-immunity-over-wife-rubina-dilaik-2306764%3famp=1&akamai-rum=off|title= Bigg Boss 14 Written Update October 7, 2020: Abhinav Shukla Picks Immunity Over Wife Rubina Dilaik|date=2020-10-08}}</ref>
*On Day 5, Rubina was asked to erase her rejected status, but she cannot perform the last immunity task of the week. She agreed, and she can now enter the house and can stay as other housemates.<ref name="auto7">{{cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/tv/bigg-boss-14-october-8-day-5-sidharth-shukla-nikki-tamboli-perform-steamy-rain-dance-watch/story-QYTCPUdu9vaAg0PxilP6PM_amp.html|title= Bigg Boss 14 October 8 day 5: Sidharth Shukla performs steamy rain dance with Nikki Tamboli, Pavitra Punia, read all top news|date=2020-10-08}}</ref>
*On Day 6, Nikki and Pavitra won the immunity, seniors had to choose any one of them who would be confirmed. They choose Nikki, and she becomes the first confirmed housemate.<ref name="auto8">{{cite web|url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/tv/news-gossip/bigg-boss-14-october-10-day-7-written-update-nikki-tamboli-become-first-confirmed-contestant-house-567655%3famp|title=Bigg Boss 14, October 10, Day 7 written update: Nikki Tamboli become first confirmed contestant of the house|date=2020-10-12|access-date=25 February 2021|archive-date=11 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201011133330/https://www.pinkvilla.com/tv/news-gossip/bigg-boss-14-october-10-day-7-written-update-nikki-tamboli-become-first-confirmed-contestant-house-567655?amp|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
| '''Nominations'''
| On Day 3, all contestants were nominated for the first week. However, they can gain immunity by winning the immunity tasks.<ref name="auto2"/>
|-
| '''Immunity Task'''
|
*'''Entrance Task (Entry Pass):''' On Day 2, seniors will give tasks to the rejected fresher, and they have to complete them. Rejected freshers have a chance to remove the rejection stamp and enter the house. All rejected fresher should fulfill the tasks, the seniors have to think and give orders which will put rejected freshers in the turmoil. Later, Bigg Boss asked the rejected fresher to mutually decide about which 3 housemates will go inside the house and one who will remain rejected.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/tv/bigg-boss-14-october-5-day-2-from-sidharth-shukla-gauahar-khan-fight-to-rubina-dilaik-s-no-5-important-highlights/story-721idqbJwAiD7WG8JPAnGI_amp.html|title= Bigg Boss 14 October 5 day 2: From Sara Gurpal getting her hair chopped to Rubina's wardrobe woes, 5 important highlights|date=2020-10-05}}</ref>
*'''Immunity Task (Jewel Thief):''' On Day 3, there will be two queens who are looking for a king. Gauahar and Hina are the queens of this task, all fresher boys will be in line to become their kings. There are two thrones for the queens and boys will try to win their hearts when queens are happy with a boy then they will give jewels to the boys. But there is a robber who wants to steal the jewels from Hina and Gauahar. All fresher girls will be part of the robber's team. Their lead is Sidharth. Girls will have to steal the jewelry. At a time, 2 girls can steal only. Gauahar and Hina can ask the boys to guard their jewels. At the end of the task, the fresher who has the most jewelry at the end of the task will be the winner and will be safe from the nominations.<ref name="auto2">{{cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/tv/bigg-boss-14-october-6-day-3-eijaz-khan-loses-cool-sidharth-shukla-gauahar-khan-fight-escalates-top-5-highlights/story-kpEunDZhIWDHi5lmxBHItM_amp.html|title= Bigg Boss 14 October 6 Day 3: Eijaz Khan loses cool, Sidharth Shukla-Gauahar Khan fight escalates, top 5 highlights|date=2020-10-06}}</ref>
*'''Immunity Task (Sid's Island):''' On Day 4, all girls are competing against each other. The girl who impress Sidharth will win this task. Gauahar and Hina will give the tips to the fresher girls, they can choose which girl they want to help. There are cafe, garage and tattoo parlor. There will be 3 rounds and one girl will be eliminated at each other round. At the end, Sidharth will choose a winner between 3 girls. In the first round, Sidharth will make a tattoo on girls but the girls objective is to impress him. In the second round, Sidharth will use his ATV while girls will be cleaning the ATV to make a music video with him and in the last round, the remaining 3 girls will be a waitress with a tray and glasses. They will have to protect their glasses and drinks. They will keep holding the trays and they won't be able to sit down. At the end of 3rd round, whoever has more drinks and glasses will win the last round and will be safe from nominations.<ref name="auto5"/><ref name="auto7"/>
*'''Immunity Task:''' On Day 6, all other freshers have a chance to win this immunity except Rubina. The two inmates who win this task will get immunity. The task is about a landlord who has sent a bulldozer to destroy Bigg Boss. Freshers have to stop that bulldozer. Abhinav and Nikki will sit on the scooper after the first buzzer, then freshers will try to take their place by making them stand up from the scooper. If Abhinav and Nikki get up from the scooper, they can try again to sit on the scooper. At the end of the task, two inmates who are on the scooper will win. At a time, only two inmates can try to make the persons sitting on the scooper to leave. Nobody can throw water at any costs.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/bigg-boss-14-written-update-october-9-2020-housemates-have-turned-against-rubina-dilaik-heres-why-2307891%3famp=1&akamai-rum=off|title= Bigg Boss 14 Written Update October 9, 2020: Housemates Have Turned Against Rubina Dilaik. Here's Why|date=2020-10-10}}</ref><ref name="auto8"/>
|-
| rowspan="8" |'''Results'''
| style="text-align:center; background:#9F6;"| '''Winner (Entry Pass) – Nishant, Sara & Jaan'''
|-
| style="text-align:center; background:#FA8072;"| '''Failed (Entry Pass) – Rubina'''
|-
| style="text-align:center; background:#9F6;"| '''Winner (Jewel Thief) – Abhinav'''
|-
| style="text-align:center; background:#FA8072;"| '''Failed (Jewel Thief) – Rest of male contestant'''
|-
| style="text-align:center; background:#9F6;"| '''Winner (Sid's Island) – Nikki'''
|-
| style="text-align:center; background:#FA8072;"| '''Failed (Sid's Island) – Sara, Rubina, Pavitra & Jasmin'''
|-
| style="text-align:center; background:#9F6;"| '''Winner (Immunity Task) – Nikki & Pavitra'''
|-
| style="text-align:center; background:#FA8072;"| '''Failed (Immunity Task) – Abhinav, Eijaz, Jaan, Jasmin, Nishant, Rahul, Sara & Shehzad'''
|-
! colspan="3" |
|-
! rowspan="12" style="background:#DAA500; text-align:center;"| Week 2
| '''Twist'''
|
*On Day 15, freshers had to mutually decide whether Nikki should remain confirmed or not. They failed to come to any conclusion and Nikki remained confirmed.<ref name="auto3"/>
*On Day 16, since Jaan, Abhinav and Shehzad were in Bottom 3 all the housemates including senior had to vote out the housemates whom they want to evict. Shehzad received the most votes and he was given invisible title.<ref name="auto6">{{cite web|url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/bigg-boss-14-written-update-october-19-2020-no-evictions-this-week-shehzad-deol-to-stay-invisible-in-the-house-2312682%3famp=1&akamai-rum=off|title= Bigg Boss 14 Written Update October 19, 2020: No Evictions This Week, Shehzad Deol To Stay "Invisible" In the House|date=2020-10-19}}</ref>
*On Day 16, each freshers had to decide their team for future journey. Eijaz, Pavitra and Nikki choose Sidharth team. Nishant, Rubina, Abhinav and Jasmin choose Hina team and Jaan and Rahul choose Gauahar team.<ref name="auto6"/>
|-
| '''Nominations'''
|
*On Day 10, each housemates had to take a pot paste the photo of two housemates one by one whom they want to nominate and give reason then broke the pot. Nikki is safe from this nomination and no one can nominate her. As a result, Abhinav, Eijaz, Jaan, Nishant, Rahul, Sara and Shehzad nominated for the eviction.<ref name="auto">{{cite web|url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/bigg-boss-14-written-update-october-12-2020-sara-gurpal-gets-evicted-from-the-house-2309184%3famp=1&akamai-rum=off|title= Bigg Boss 14 Written Update October 12, 2020: Sara Gurpal Gets Evicted From The House|date=2020-10-12}}</ref>
*On Day 12, on the basis of task Abhinav, Jaan, Jasmin, Rubina and Shehzad were nominated.<ref name="auto9">{{cite web|url=https://www.zoomtventertainment.com/telly-talk/bigg-boss/article/bigg-boss-14-october-14-written-updates-today-bigg-boss-hindi-episode-sidharth-shukla-gauahar-khan-hina-khan-rubina-dilaik-pavitra-punia-nikki-tamboli/667250|title=Bigg Boss 14, October 14 Episode Written Update: Nikki declares Eijaz, Rahul, Pavitra and Nishant as winners|date=2020-10-14}}</ref>
|-
| '''Tasks'''
| '''Nomination Task (Mere Agne mein tera kya kaam):''' On Day 11, there were two teams Team A consist of Abhinav, Jaan, Jasmin, Rubina and Shehzad whereas Eijaz, Nishant, Pavitra and Rahul were in Team B. There was a farmland both the teams had to make their farm more pretty and bigger than the other team. The winning team will be saved from the nominations and the losing team will be nominated. Both the teams had to impress the senior in order to get soil from Gauahar, Grass from Sidharth and flower from Hina. Team A will get white flowers and Team B will get pink flowers. The shops will open on Bigg Boss orders. Only 2 inmates at a time can protect their farm and other members can go to destroy others farms. Nikki will be the referee of the task. Nikki's decision will be final. She can intervene at any point and time. At the end of the task, Nikki will decide which farm is pretty and big.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/bigg-boss-14-written-update-october-13-2020-eijaz-khan-distances-himself-from-pavitra-punia-2309704%3famp=1&akamai-rum=off|title= Bigg Boss 14 Written Update October 13, 2020: Eijaz Khan Distances Himself From Pavitra Punia|date=2020-10-14}}</ref><ref name="auto9"/>
'''Other Task: ''' On Day 13, at a time Bigg Boss will announce two names, they had to fight off each other and win their stuff. There are pipes in the garden from which balls will be thrown they had to collect it. Once the buzzer blares, the one with more balls in the basket will win and get their stuff from BB mall and the loser's stuff will go away forever.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/bigg-boss-14-written-update-october-15-2020-bb-mall-task-was-a-whole-new-ballgame-2310843%3famp=1&akamai-rum=off|title= Bigg Boss 14 Written Update October 15, 2020: BB Mall Task Was A Whole New Ballgame|date=2020-10-16}}</ref><ref name="auto4">{{cite web|url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/bigg-boss-14-written-update-october-16-2020-siddharth-shukla-vs-hina-and-gauahar-guess-who-won-2311386%3famp=1&akamai-rum=off|title= Bigg Boss 14 Written Update October 16, 2020: Siddharth Shukla Vs Hina And Gauahar. Guess Who Won|date=2020-10-16}}</ref>
'''Sponsor Task (BB Hairstyle Icon):''' On Day 14, all 4 freshers will try to style their hair to win the icon. They will become a character. The fresher boys will choose the titles which include Miss Drama queen, perfect khiladi, Nautanki and Miss. Confused. Each boy will give their title to a girl and then help them to get ready. The seniors will ask them questions and will choose a winner. Nishant and Abhinav will help the girls in getting ready.<ref name="auto4"/>
'''Luxury Budget Task:''' On Day 15, the two singers Rahul and Jaan will try to entertain the housemates by singing and playing. They will do a live performance to get support from freshers and seniors. The one who has more supporters will get a hamper. The winner can share the hamper with 4 other housemates. Rahul will perform in the bedroom. Jaan will perform near the SPA area. They will try to keep their supporters in their areas. If a housemate is changing their support, they will tell the reason for the singer and then change their support. All housemates will choose their support on their own.<ref name="auto3">{{cite web|url= https://www.indiatvnews.com/entertainment/tv/bigg-boss-14-weekend-ka-vaar-oct-17-live-updates-it-s-sid-vs-rubina-contestants-go-against-nikki-tamboli-657746|title= Bigg Boss 14 Weekend Ka Vaar Oct 17 Highights: It's Sid Vs Rubina, contestants go against Nikki Tamboli|date=2020-10-17}}</ref>
|-
| '''Exits'''
| On Day 10, Sara was evicted after the mutual decision by the seniors.<ref name="auto"/>
|-
| rowspan="8" |'''Result'''
| style="text-align:center; background:#9F6;"| '''Winner (Mere Agne Mein Tera Kya Kaam) – Eijaz, Nishant, Pavitra & Rahul'''
|-
| style="text-align:center; background:#FA8072;"| '''Failed (Mere Agne Mein Tera Kya Kaam ) – Abhinav, Jaan, Jasmin, Rubina & Shehzad'''
|-
| style="text-align:center; background:#9F6;"|'''Winner (Other Task) – Pavitra, Eijaz, Nishant, Abhinav & Jasmin'''
|-
| style="text-align:center; background:#FA8072;"| '''Failed (Other Task) – Rest of contestant'''
|-
| style="text-align:center; background:#9F6;"| '''Winner (BB Hairstyle Icon) – Pavitra'''
|-
| style="text-align:center; background:#FA8072;"| '''Failed (BB Hairstyle Icon) – Jasmin, Nikki & Rubina'''
|-
| style="text-align:center; background:#9F6;"| '''Winner (Luxury Budget Task) – Jaan'''
|-
| style="text-align:center; background:#FA8072;"| '''Failed ( Luxury Budget Task) – Rahul'''
|-
! colspan="3" |
|-
! rowspan="12" style="background:#DAA500; text-align:center;"| Week 3
| '''Entrances'''
| Pavitra and Eijaz entered a new part of the house named Red Zone
|-
| '''Twist'''
| A new section of the house named Red Zone was revealed in which The nominated inmates will stay until the eviction process was completed.
|-
| '''Nominations'''
| No Nominations
|-
| '''Task'''||
*'''Game Over''':The freshers and seniors have a relationship now. The three teams will fight. Sid team’s will have Eijaz, Pavitra and Nikki. Hina has Abhi, Rubina, Jasmin and Nishant. Gauhar has Rahul and Jaan. The losing team will leave the house today only along with their senior. There are three buzzers for each team in the garden. Each team has to try to protect their buzzers. They will try that other team doesn’t press their buzzer and they press on other’s buzzer. They will try to press the buzzer of the team which they want to take out. At a time, only 2 freshers can come forward to protect or attack the buzzer. The seniors can’t press the buzzer. They will just freshers. The team whose buzzer is pressed more will leave the house along with Shahzad. Their game will be over. The buzzer needs to press on for 5 seconds.
*'''Jaan Bachi Toh Lakhon Paye''':The task name is ‘Jaan bachi tou lakhon paye’. The winner will become the first captain of the house. In the garden area, there is a doll house and all inmates will be fire-fighters. They will rescue the doll of other inmate. When the buzzer plays, fire-fighter will go in the doll house and rescue one doll of the other inmate. The person who comes out of the doll house in the last will get the doll that he/she eliminated from the captaincy race. Before the buzzer plays, they can’t cross the red line which is made around the doll house. Pavitra and Eijaz will be the referee of the task.
|-
| rowspan="4" |'''Results'''
| style="text-align:center; background:#9F6;"| '''Winner (Game Over) – Team Hina (Rubina, Abhinav, Jasmin, Nishant), Team Gauahar (Rahul, Jaan)'''
|-
| style="text-align:center; background:#FA8072;"| '''Failed (Game Over) – Team Siddharth (Pavitra, Eijaz, Nikki)'''
|-
| style="text-align:center; background:#9F6;"|'''Winner (Immunity Task) – Nishant'''
|-
| style="text-align:center; background:#FA8072;"| '''Failed (Immunity Task) – Rest of the contestants'''
|-
| '''Punishments'''||
*Nishant was removed from the Captain post due to violation of rules
|-
|style="background:#cfc;"| '''House Captain'''||Nishant Malkhani
|-
|'''Notes'''||
* On Day 23, Salman asked all the housemates to choose 1 Name among Kavita, Naina and Shardul about who will go to the Red Zone. Since Kavita got 1 vote, Salman announced that she would be the captain.
|-
| '''Exits'''
| On Day 18, Shehzad was evicted by seniors. Seniors Hina, Gauahar and Sidharth left the House along with Pavitra Punia and Eijaz Khan as they lost the survival task.
|-
! colspan="3" |
|-
! rowspan="7" style="background:#DAA500; text-align:center;"| Week 4
| '''Entrances'''
| On Day 23, Kavita Kaushik, Naina Singh and Shardul Pandit entered as wild card contestants
|-
| '''Nominations'''||
*On Day 23, Pavitra, Jaan, Nikki and Rahul V were nominated
*On Day 27, After the Tabadla, Rubina, Jasmin, Kavita and Nishant were nominated by Captain Eijaz
|-
| '''Task'''||
*'''BB Monument Tour''':The inmates have a chance to get the captaincy while Kavita has a chance to retain her captaincy. The inmates will not do the task but red-zone inmates will do the task on their behalf. The task is ‘BB monument’s tour’. All housemates will go on a world tour with their bags and try to get the captaincy. The red-zone inmates will try to grab the bags from the housemates, the housemates who is able to save their bag from the red-zone inmate will become the captain. The bags which are taken by the red-zone inmates will be eliminated from the task. The housemates should try to talk to red-zone inmates to support them. The captaincy is important so all have a chance to use their mind and make a captain which they want to. The first inmate to lose will become the referee of the task.
|-
| rowspan="2" |'''Results'''
| style="text-align:center; background:#9F6;"| '''Winner (BB Monument Tour) – Eijaz'''
|-
| style="text-align:center; background:#FA8072;"| '''Failed (BB Monument Tour) –Rest of the contestants '''
|-
|style="background:#cfc;"| '''House Captain'''||Kavita Kaushik
|-
| '''Exits'''
| No Eviction as The voting was still going on
|-
! colspan="3" |
|-
! rowspan="11" style="background:#DAA500; text-align:center;"| Week 5
| '''Entrances'''
| On Day 34, Aly Goni entered as a Wild Card Contestant
|-
| '''Nominations'''
| Rahul V, Rubina, Naina, Shardul
|-
| '''Task'''||
*'''Solar System''':the garden has been changed to a [[Solar System]]. All inmates will become a planet and run around the orbits. The inmate who stays on the Solar System till the end will become a captain. But there are some asteroids which can be used by red-zone inmates. All green-zone inmates will run in a circle and will try to throw one inmate out of the Solar System before meteor noise plays. Once the meteor buzzer plays then red-zone inmates will become eligible to take out inmate out of the task. The red-zone inmates will use asteroid to throw at one inmate that they want to take out. Jasmin will take all the decision after discussing it with Aly. Eijaz will not play as his shoulder is not fine so someone from the red-zone will represent him except Rahul. Eijaz chose Shardul
*'''Immunity Task''': Jasmin chose Rahul to be out of the task. Rubina, Naina and Shardul will choose a representative. Rubina chose Abhinav, Naina chose Nikki, Shardul chose Pavitra. The task was Abhinav, Nikki and Pavitra have to hold a triangle frame. Whoever keeps holding it till the end will win and the person they were representing will get out of red zone. Jasmin will be the referee.
*'''Luxury Budget Task''':There will be two teams and have to follow some rules. There will be angels who always have to do good. Other inmates will be devils and will try to get reactions from angels. Team devil Aly, Nikki, Eijaz. Team Angels will have Abhi, Pavitra, Jaan, Rubina. Team devils will have rules like destroying patience, talk in loud language. Team angels will have rules like not cursing, not getting angry, always keeping patience, eating simple meals. Jasmin reads that both teams will follow the rules and try to make the other teams break their rules. Jasmin will be the referee of the task. She will keep a track of rules breaking. When you are trying to make the other team break the rule, Jasmin has to be there. At the end of the task, Jasmin will decide who broke more rules and who won the task. Aly will be part of the devil team and talk to his team on call. Red-zone inmates will not be part of this task.
|-
| rowspan="6" |'''Results'''
| style="text-align:center; background:#9F6;"| '''Winner (Solar System) – Jasmin'''
|-
| style="text-align:center; background:#FA8072;"| '''Failed (Solar System) – Rest of contestants'''
|-
| style="text-align:center; background:#9F6;"|'''Winner (Immunity Task) – Rubina '''
|-
| style="text-align:center; background:#FA8072;"| '''Failed (Immunity Task) – Naina, Shardul'''
|-
| style="text-align:center; background:#9F6;"| '''Winner (Luxury Budget Task) – Aly, Nikki, Eijaz'''
|-
| style="text-align:center; background:#FA8072;"| '''Failed (Luxury Budget Task) – Abhinav, Pavitra, Jaan, Rubina'''
|-
|style="background:#cfc;"| '''House Captain'''||Eijaz Khan
|-
| '''Exits'''||
*On Day 31, Nishant Malkhani was evicted by Green Zone Inmates.
*On Day 31, Kavita Kaushik was evicted by Public Vote.
*On Day 36, Naina Singh was evicted by Public Vote.
|-
! colspan="3" |
|-
! rowspan="9" style="background:#DAA500; text-align:center;"| Week 6
| '''Entrances'''
| On Day 36, Kavita Kaushik re-entered the Show
|-
| '''Nominations'''||
*Rubina (by Captain)
*Shardul (By BB Aadalat)
|-
| '''Task'''||
*'''Disco Night''':This party will go on till morning but some big singers are coming that people don’t get concert tickets for. No inmate can sit or rest. They will all be in the garden, they can’t go in the house. You can use garden washroom. If you get out of the task and want to stay in the garden then sit on the bench. The person standing in the party till the end will become the captain of the house. During the party, inmates will keep getting out of the party.
|-
| rowspan="2" |'''Results'''
| style="text-align:center; background:#9F6;"| '''Winner (Disco Night) – Aly'''
|-
| style="text-align:center; background:#FA8072;"| '''Failed (Disco Night) –Rest of the contestants '''
|-
|style="background:#cfc;"| '''House Captain'''||Jasmin Bhasin
|-
|'''Notes'''||
*'''Immunity Stone''': Ekta Kapoor entered the house and brought a stone with her named Immunity Stone in which A inmate can immune himself/herself anytime during nomination process. There were many tasks in order to get the immunity stone. At the end Ekta gave the immunity stone to Rubina
|-
| '''Exits'''
| On Day 43, Shardul Pandit was evicted by Public Vote
|-
| '''Jail'''
| Aly Goni chose Rubina and Abhinav to be in Jail
|-
! colspan="3" |
|-
! rowspan="7" style="background:#DAA500; text-align:center;"| Week 7
| '''Nominations'''
| Eijaz, Jaan, Jasmin, Kavita, Nikki, Rubina
|-
| '''Task'''||
*'''Castle''':The house has been changed to a castle. The queen of red hearts will be Rubina and the king of black hearts will be Rahul. The king wants to see black hearts but the queen wants to be surrounded by red hearts. Rahul and Rubina will be against each other. All others will be workers, these workers will work for the reign which gives them more money. There are white hearts present in the garden. Rahul and Rubina will convince them to turn them into black or red hearts. They will give salaries to workers. Rahul and Rubina will get 1 lac BB currency each to give it to the workers. On the buzzer, they will get the ink and pens to make hearts. After all the rounds, whoever has more hearts will win the task between Rahul and Rubina and become a contender. The worker who has most of the BB currency will become the contender for the captaincy.
*'''Captaincy Task''':Eijaz, Aly, Jasmin and Kavita have a chance to win the captaincy. Jasmin reads that the four will remain inside a box. This task will be for the next captain. The 4 inmates in the box will try to spend time there and be the last person inside the box while the inmates outside should try to bring them out. Eijaz can’t sit in the box as he is not well, he chose Pavitra as his representative.
|-
| rowspan="3" |'''Results'''
| style="text-align:center; background:#ccc;"| '''The Task was rejected by Bigg Boss'''
|-
| style="text-align:center; background:#9F6;"| '''Winner (Captaincy Task) – Kavita'''
|-
| style="text-align:center; background:#FA8072;"| '''Failed (Captaincy Task) – Aly, Jasmin, Eijaz'''
|-
|style="background:#cfc;"| '''House Captain'''||Aly Goni
|-
| '''Exits'''
| On Day 50, Jaan Kumar Sanu was evicted by Public Vote
|-
! colspan="3" |
|-
! rowspan="9" style="background:#DAA500; text-align:center;" | Week 8
| '''Twist'''
| On Day 56, Salman Khan announced that out of the 9 contestants, only 4 will go in the next level
|-
| '''Nominations'''
| Abhinav, Aly, Jasmin, Rubina, Pavitra, Rahul V
|-
| '''Captaincy Task'''||
* '''BB Panchayat''':Some inmates will move towards to become the captain, Kavita can take part in the task but she can’t become the captain. There is a family who is fighting over a property. There are two sisters which include Jasmin, Aly, and Nikki. Rubina will have Abhi, Eijaz and Pavitra. Rubina’s family has a kitchen. Jasmin’s family has a bathroom. If they want to use those parts of the house, they will have to ask the family. They will get a chance to win the other parts of the house. Kavita will be the judge of that. There will be a court hearing/village-conference where the families will give their points and blame the other family about why they shouldn’t get that part of the house. Jasmin and Rubina will be the lawyers of the family. The family who has more of the house at the end of the task will win the task and become contenders for the captaincy.
|-
| '''Punishments'''||
*Aly Goni was ordered to keep his shoes in the storeroom due to the misbehaviour with Captain and was nominated for one week
*Abhinav Shukla was ordered to keep all his luggage in the storeroom due to being a hindrance to the Task
|-
|style="background:#cfc;"| '''House Captain'''||Kavita Kaushik
|-
| '''Notes'''
| Since the Winning team couldn't decide about who will be the captain, Bigg Boss announced that there will be no captain
|-
| rowspan="2" |'''Results'''
| style="text-align:center; background:#9F6;"| '''Winner (BB Panchayat) – Rahul V, Jasmin, Aly, Nikki'''
|-
| style="text-align:center; background:#FA8072;"| '''Failed (BB Panchayat) –Rubina, Abhinav, Pavitra, Eijaz '''
|-
| '''Exits'''
| On Day 57, Pavitra Punia was evicted by Public Vote
|-
! colspan="3" |
|-
! rowspan="11" style="background:#DAA500; text-align:center;"| Week 9 (Finale Week)
| '''Nominations'''
| Nikki, Rahul V, Rubina, Jasmin
|-
| '''Eviction Task'''||
There is a speaker in the garden, this speaker can answer the questions related to your life but the speaker’s battery life is 27 minutes. You people will be the soul of this speaker, you have to answer the questions of the inmates. The speaker will be turned on for 37 minutes, after that you will stop answering the questions and leave the speaker side. The pair who is not able to count closest to 37 minutes will lose the task. All other inmates will distract the couple who is trying to count to 37 minutes, you can ask them questions to distract them from counting. You will press the buzzer when you think 37 minutes are over. The pairs were Jasmin-Aly, Rahul-Eijaz, Nikki-Kavita, Abhinav-Rubina
*Nikki-Kavita: 31:21 Mins
*Jasmin-Aly: 57:25 Mins
*Rubina-Abhinav: 41:41 Mins
*Eijaz-Rahul: 35:57 Mins
Since Aly and Jasmin Lost the task, They had to decide which among them would leave the house.
|-
| '''Shark Attack Task'''
| All have a chance today to become a finalist. The task name is ‘shark attack’. You people will try to get a chair in the boat ride but the shark will attack the boat, the person who loses their chair will be out of the task. The person who stays in the boat on a chair till the end will become a finalist. When the buzzer plays, the new round will start and the inmates will have to run to get a chair on the boat. Then till the screaming sound, they have to sit on the chair. The person who didn’t get the chair, he or she can try to get the chair from others till the screaming sound plays. Once you are on the boat, you can’t get down during the task. You can’t force someone out of the chair. You have to convince them to lose. Eijaz is the referee.
|-
| '''Immunity Stone Task'''
| Bigg Boss gives a chance to steal Rubina’s immunity stone and announces a task wherein each housemate will get a chance to win the immunity stone. The housemates have to go into the theatre and reveal the deepest darkest secret about themselves
|-
| '''Exits'''||
*On Day 60, Aly Goni was evicted after losing the Task.
*On Day 61, Kavita Kaushik quit the show after a heated and ugly argument with Rubina Dilaik. Kavita also fell ill.
*On Day 64, Nikki Tamboli was evicted by Public Vote.
*On Day 65, Rahul Vaidya quit the show.
|-
| rowspan="6" |'''Results'''
| style="text-align:center; background:#9F6;"| '''Winner (Immunity Stone Task) – Eijaz'''
|-
| style="text-align:center; background:#FA8072;"| '''Failed (Immunity Stone Task) – Rest of contestants'''
|-
| style="text-align:center; background:#9F6;"|'''Winner (Shark Attack Task) –Abhinav '''
|-
| style="text-align:center; background:#FA8072;"| '''Failed (Shark Attack Task) – Rest of contestants'''
|-
| style="text-align:center; background:#9F6;"| '''Winner (37 Min Task) – Rest of contestants'''
|-
| style="text-align:center; background:#FA8072;"| '''Failed (37 Min Task) – Aly & Jasmin'''
|-
! colspan="3" |
|-
! rowspan="10" style="background:#DAA500; text-align:center;" | Week 10
| '''Entrances'''||
*On Day 66, Vikas Gupta, Arshi Khan, Kashmera Shah, Manu Punjabi and Rahul Mahajan entered the house as Challengers
*On Day 70, Rakhi Sawant entered the show as Challengers
*On Day 70, Aly Goni and Nikki Tamboli re-entered the house
|-
| '''Nominations'''||
Bigg Boss announces a nomination task where the contestants are divided into two groups. The task is about a display window of the shop where two contestants are standing as mannequins. The teams have to spoil the glass display window of the other team and each team has to protect their display while destroying that of others. Manu is the Sanchalak in this game as he is also the captain
*At the end of the task, Rubina, Jasmin, Vikas and Kashmera were Safe and Abhinav, Arshi, Rahul Mahajan and Eijaz were nominated
*The winning team had to decide which member of the winning team performed badly, Vikas took Kashmera's name and Kashmera was also Nominated
|-
| '''Captaincy Task'''
| The task will last till 6 rounds. Contenders are asked to fetch captaincy medal from the other contender by using their mind.
|-
| rowspan="4" |'''Results'''
| style="text-align:center; background:#9F6;"| '''Winner (Nomination Task) – Rubina, Jasmin, Vikas and Kashmera'''
|-
| style="text-align:center; background:#FA8072;"| '''Failed (Nomination Task) – Abhinav, Arshi, Eijaz and Rahul M'''
|-
| style="text-align:center; background:#9F6;"|'''Winner (Captaincy Medallion) –Manu'''
|-
| style="text-align:center; background:#FA8072;"| '''Failed (Captaincy Medallion) – Rest of contestants'''
|-
|style="background:#cfc;"| '''House Captain'''||Manu Punjabi
|-
| '''Notes'''
| Vikas had received a joker card in which he could be safe from eviction and can be used anytime in the season
|-
| '''Exits'''
| No Eviction
|-
! colspan="3" |
|-
! rowspan="10" style="background:#DAA500; text-align:center;"| Week 11
| '''Entrances'''
| On Day 74, Rahul Vaidya re-entered the house
|-
| '''Nominations'''
| Abhinav, Arshi, Eijaz, Kashmera, Manu
|-
| '''Tasks'''||
* '''Duck Park''':three winning inmates will become contenders for the captaincy. There will be 4 ducks in the park and the visitors will give them food. The inmates will become ducks from time to time and everyone will play against each other. The inmates who become ducks will get time to eat. The other inmates will decide who will become a feeder for the ducks, they have to decide on a feeder before the buzzer. The duck who has more food at the end of one batch will become a winner for that batch. Each batch will have 4 different ducks. The referee will decide the winner of the batch. The batch has to be smart to get food, feeders can be repeated in the task.
* '''Captaincy Medallion''':Rakhi, Aly and Jasmin will be locked in jail separately. They have to get the captaincy medal but they have to open 4 gates to get it. The other inmates will try to get the key of the locks. When the gong plays, the inmate that goes in the red box first will get the key and choose which contender should move closer to the medal. Abhi will be the referee of the game. The person who gets 4 keys from the inmates will become the winner and the captain.
|-
| rowspan="4" |'''Results'''
| style="text-align:center; background:#9F6;"| '''Winner (Duck Park) – Rakhi, Aly, Jasmin'''
|-
| style="text-align:center; background:#FA8072;"| '''Failed (Duck Park) – Rest of contestants'''
|-
| style="text-align:center; background:#9F6;"|'''Winner (Captaincy Medallion) –Aly'''
|-
| style="text-align:center; background:#FA8072;"| '''Failed (Captaincy Medallion) – Rakhi, Jasmin'''
|-
|style="background:#cfc;"| '''House Captain'''||Aly Goni(later changed to Rubina Dilaik)
|-
| '''Notes'''
|On Day 77, Salman Khan announced that The captain will be changed from Aly to Rubina but Rubina will be non immune and Aly will be immuned
|-
| '''Exits'''||
*On Day 72, Vikas Gupta was ejected from the house after throwing Arshi Khan into the pool
*On Day 77, Kashmera Shah was evicted by Public Vote
|-
! colspan="3" |
|-
! rowspan="8" style="background:#DAA500; text-align:center;"| Week 12
| '''Entrances'''||
*On Day 80, Vikas Gupta re-entered the house
*On Day 80, Sonali Phogat entered the house as a wild card
|-
| '''Nominations'''
| Abhinav, Eijaz, Rahul Mahajan, Manu
|-
| '''Task'''||
*'''Hot Air Balloon''': You will get a chance to become captain. There is a big hot air balloon in the garden. Some of you will get to ride it, Bigg Boss will take the names. After that rest of the people will have to put personal stuff of one member in the sack and try to put it on the balloon. This will be of the person you don’t want to become the captain. After that, hot air balloon will start and the time will be up to hand the sack. The person on the balloon will throw the sack in the balloon and that person will be out of the captain race. The last sack will become the captain.
|-
| rowspan="2"|'''Results'''
| style="text-align:center; background:#9F6;"| '''Winner (Hot Air Balloon) – Vikas'''
|-
| style="text-align:center; background:#FA8072;"| '''Failed (Hot Air Balloon) – Rest of the contestants'''
|-
|style="background:#cfc;"| '''House Captain'''||Rubina Dilaik
|-
| '''Exits'''
| On Day 80, Manu Punjabi quit the show due to health issues
|-
| '''Jail'''
| Rahul Vaidya, Aly Goni and Nikki Tamboli were put in jail
|-
! colspan="3" |
|-
! rowspan="8" style="background:#DAA500; text-align:center;" | Week 13
| '''Nominations'''
| Rubina, Rahul V, Rahul M, Abhinav, Nikki, Aly, Arshi, Eijaz, Rakhi, Sonali, Jasmin were nominated by Bigg Boss
|-
| '''Captaincy Task'''||
*'''Julie Ka Badla:'''The story is about a ghost who wants to take revenge for years in the house, the ghost is of Julie, she was a nice and rich girl and was owner of the big house. She was in love with a greedy landlord. After their marriage, Julie got to know the reality of her husband. He just wanted her money, she tried to fight him but he killed her and dug her in a shallow grave and made a fountain over it. Julie’s ghost came back to take the revenge on him. The landlord married again, his second wife is an irritating woman and she is greedy. She brings people in the haveli to get gold from them. Rakhi will play Julie, Rahul M will play the rich landlord, Jasmin will be Rahul’s second wife. They have to play against Rakhi and get gold coins from the guests. The other inmates will be the guests. The inmate who has most gold left will become the contender also. Rahul M-Jasmin will sacrifice guests to Rakhi to take them out of the task but the guest can give some gold to Rakhi and enter the task again. All guests will get 50 coins each. At night time, the guests will keep the fire alive. Rakhi can enter the haveli to attack the guests.
*'''BB New Year Party''':There will be a new year party in the house and the host will be Arshi, Rakhi and Rahul M. There are three parts in the garden and they will host their own party. They have to make their party happening and enjoyable. The guests will be the inmates. When the doorbell rings, the inmates can leave one party and join another party. The contender who has the most guests by the end will be the winner and become the captain.
|-
| '''Punishments'''
| The entire house except Captain Vikas were nominated as Aly and Nikki were discussing about the nominations
|-
|style="background:#cfc;"| '''House Captain'''||Vikas Gupta
|-
| rowspan="3" |'''Results'''
| style="text-align:center; background:#ccc;"| '''The Task was rejected by Bigg Boss'''
|-
| style="text-align:center; background:#9F6;"| '''Winner (BB New Year Party) – Rahul M'''
|-
| style="text-align:center; background:#FA8072;"| '''Failed (BB New Year Party) – Arshi, Rakhi'''
|-
| '''Exits'''
| On Day 93, Rahul Mahajan was evicted by public vote
|-
! colspan="3" |
|-
! rowspan="7" style="background:#DAA500; text-align:center;" | Week 14
| '''Nominations'''
| Rubina, Abhinav, Aly and Jasmin
|-
| '''Captaincy Task'''||
*There will be two scientists who will test pills on the inmates who will be rats. The inmates will try to become a scientist. The task starts with two scientists and they will get a rat, the rat has to guess what color of the pill scientist chose for him’/her and eat it. There will be a scientists’ lab, they will mutually decide between red and green color. Then in the garden area, the rats have to choose between red and green. The scientists will choose the rat to find the pill and avoid the poisonous color. If the trumpet plays then the rat will win the round and replace a scientist, the replaced scientist will be out of the task. If the rat eats the poisonous pill then it will be out of the task. The scientists have to fool the rats about what colors to choose. There will be few rounds so all rats might not get a chance. At the end of the task, people who are scientists will become the contender for the captaincy. Aly and Sonali will be the scientists first.
|-
| '''Luxury Budget Task(Talktime)'''
| Today there will be a task where the inmates will get a chance to meet or talk to their family members. They will get total of 100 minutes of talk time so they have to meet their families within that time. The buzzer will play and Bigg Boss will tell him whose family is coming next, then the inmates will decide what talk time should that inmate get to meet his family. The inmates can’t choose equal talk time for each inmate. There will be freeze and release instructions given also. You have to convince others to give you more time. Later Bigg Boss asked all family members of Housemates about who she will choose between Rakhi and Sonali as a captain . Majority chose Rakhi and she became the captain
|-
| rowspan="2" |'''Results'''
| style="text-align:center; background:#9F6;"|'''Winner (Captaincy Task) –Sonali, Rakhi'''
|-
| style="text-align:center; background:#FA8072;"| '''Failed (Captaincy Task) – Rest of contestants'''
|-
| '''Punishments'''
| Rubina, Abhinav, Aly and Jasmin was nominated as they were plotting for Nominations
|-
| '''Exits'''
| On Day 99, Jasmin Bhasin was evicted by public vote
|-
! colspan="3" |
|-
! rowspan="6" style="background:#DAA500; text-align:center;" | Week 15
| '''Nominations'''
| Rubina, Rahul V, Nikki, Sonali
|-
| '''Task'''||
* '''Mere Saame Wale Chaje Pe:''' Abhi and Rakhi live in a street and are neighbors. Abhi lives with his wife Rubina and siblings Vikas, Nikki and Arshi. Rakhi lives near his house and she is a naughty girl, her brothers are Aly and Rahul, her parents are Sonali and Eijaz. Abhi laughs hearing that. Rubina reads that Abhi’s family includes Rubina, Arshi, Vikas and Nikki. Rakhi’s family includes Aly, Rahul, Sonali and Eijaz. She reads that there are a water tank and a roof in the garden. Rakhi has fallen in love with Abhi so she is running behind Abhi all the time, she tries to flirt with him all the time. Rubina is fed-up with Rakhi so she will try to keep her husband away from Rakhi. When Rakhi doesn’t see Abhi, she can stand on the water tank and look for Abhi through her binoculars. Abhi’s family is making a wall in front of the water tank so Rakhi can stop looking at Abhi’s roof. But Rakhi’s family will try to stop Abhi’s family from making the wall so that Rakhi can keep taking Abhi’s photos. They will get materials for the wall from time to time in the godown. When the whistle blows, Abhi has to go to his roof to do his workout, spend time with Rubina, eat apples on the bench. When the whistle plays, a new round will start or end. When the whistle blows, they will stop making the wall. Abhi will go on the roof, Rakhi will go on her roof and will try to take Abhi’s pictures with her camera. She will submit the pictures she clicked of Abhi to Bigg Boss. If Rakhi is able to take his pictures then she will win the task with her team and her team will become contenders for the captaincy. But if Abhi’s team stops her from taking his pictures then they will win the task. After every round, Rakhi has to show the polaroid picture to Bigg Boss and put it in the storeroom. She will submit one photo after each round. After the task ends, the team who has won the most rounds will become the contenders for the captaincy.
* '''Kai Po Che:''' Eijaz, Rahul, Nikki and Abhi are the captaincy contenders. The task name is ‘Kai Po Chi’. All the inmates have their kites in the sky, the captaincy contenders have to hold their kite’s threads and protect them but you have to attack other inmates’ threads too which means you will have to leave your thread. The person whose thread is safe till the end of the task will win and become a captain. The contender whose thread has been broken can re-enter the task if some other inmate is ready to give their kite to that contender. Only 2 inmates can try to break a thread at a time.
|-
| '''Punishments'''
| As a result of Back to Back cancellation of Tasks, Bigg Boss announced that There would be neither a captain nor any Immunity Task in the house and House Ration will be take away in the next week
|-
|style="background:#cfc;"| '''House Captain'''||Rakhi Sawant
|-
| '''Results'''
| style="text-align:center; background:#ccc;"| '''Both The Tasks was rejected by Bigg Boss'''
|-
| '''Exits'''||
*On Day 102, Vikas Gupta exited the house due to medical issues
*On Day 105, There was no eviction so the nominations were carry forwarded to next week
|-
! colspan="3" |
|-
! rowspan="11" style="background:#DAA500; text-align:center;"| Week 16
| '''Entrances'''||
*On Day 106, Devoleena Bhattacharjee entered the house as Eijaz's proxy
*Vikas Gupta re-entered the house
|-
| '''Twist'''||
Bigg Boss took all the ration items
|-
| '''Nominations'''
| Rubina, Rahul V, Nikki, Sonali
|-
| '''Lockdown Task'''||
The housemates will be judged on three parameters which are how well they follow the rules, their effort in the show and how involved they are in the house. Today in this task, they will not enter the house at any cost. The task name is ‘lockout’. There will be two teams and the winning team will enter the BB Mall to get ration while the defeated team will just get basics in the ration. Bigg Boss has confiscated the whole house and the inmates will stay in the garden. There will be two teams. Team red will have Rubina, Abhi, Vikas, Rakhi and Devo. Team yellow will have Aly, Rahul, Sonali, Nikki and Arshi. Team red’s leader is Rubina, team yellow’s leader is Rahul. They all have to wear the costumes of their team. When they have to use something in the house but it will be counted as a unit, everything will be counted in units. When the person enters the house, the other team’s leader will go with them and count the units. Only one person can enter the house at a time. The leaders will write the units of the other team on the board. The team that has the fewest of units at the end of the task will win
|-
| '''Entertainment Task'''||
The task is ‘press for entertainment’. You will be able to win the audience’s heart. Bigg Boss will call 2 inmates from time to time, the person who presses the buzzer first will be live on Voot for an hour. The audience will watch him and decide if that person was entertaining or not. They are not allowed to sing, they will entertain in a way they have been doing so in the house. They can converse with the inmates. There will be the referee of the task. The inmates can’t use cursing. The winner will be the most entertaining inmate in front of the audience. That person will get 5 items from the BB Mall.
|-
| '''Punishments'''
| Bigg Boss took all the rations and gave them basic ration and have to earn food items
|-
| rowspan="3" |'''Results'''
| style="text-align:center; background:#ccc;"| '''Lockdown Task was rejected by Bigg Boss'''
|-
| style="text-align:center; background:#9F6;"|'''Winner (Press For Entertainment) –Rubina, Rakhi'''
|-
| style="text-align:center; background:#FA8072;"| '''Failed (Press For Entertainment) – Rest of contestants'''
|-
|'''Notes'''||
Seeing the performance of housemates in the last 3 days, Bigg Boss gave 5 food items to the other inmates
|-
| '''Exits'''||
*On Day 106, Eijaz Khan had left the house due to prior commitments
*On Day 113, Sonali Phogat was evicted by public vote
|-
! colspan="3" |
|-
! rowspan="7" style="background:#DAA500; text-align:center;" | Week 17
| '''Nominations'''
| Devoleena, Nikki, Rahul and Vikas
*As a result of these nominations, Bedroom, Gym, Spa and 1 part of the Bathroom was closed
|-
| '''Task'''||
*'''College Rivalry''': They will be college students. Rubina says the red college will Rubina, Abhi, Nikki and Arshi. The yellow colleague will have Aly, Rahul, Rakhi and Devo. Rubina says Vikas will be the referee of the task. All laugh. Rubina says there will be two colleges and they have a rivalry. They try to put each other down. There is a common hangout zone. Each student will get their cycles which they will run around in the garden. You will try to burst the tires of the other team. There is a cycle shop for each team where there is an air pump that the inmates can use once they have a punctured tire. They can’t steal anything from the shop. There is a cafe in the house when the buzzer plays, which means one team has to sit in the cafe. They will have to leave their cycles and can’t protect them. The first team red will go in the cafe and then team yellow will sit in the cafe in the next round. The other team can’t steal their cycles. At the end of the task, if any team has one intact cycle will win the task. The winning team will be able to use the prohibited areas of the house and they can get the items from the BB Mall.
*'''Time Loop''':The morning slot written on the board will be first, then the afternoon slot will follow. Then they will follow the evening. They will be in the loop of one slot till the tape music plays and the lights flick. Then you will tell which inmate got out of the loop, that inmate will become the time-king/queen who will choose the next failing inmate. The king or queen will get the golden stick. The inmates have to complete their activities in the time-loop and stop the others from completing theirs. The inmates chosen by the time-king/queen will not win the task but they can stop others from winning the task. The people remaining in the task at the end will become winners and get 3 items from BB Mall and have access to the prohibited areas. The first time-loop will be about completing their activities and not stop others from doing their tasks so the audience understands their activities.
**Morning slot: When the lights flicker, all inmates will go to their bed. Arshi, Nikki, Rakhi, Rubina, Rahul and Devo will dance when a song plays and they will keep dancing while all others remain in their beds.
**Afternoon slot: Rahul will make tea for Aly, Vikas and Abhi. Nikki will say no Rahul and ask him to make cold coffee for her. Abhi will go for sunbathing, Rakhi will go and apply oil to his body. Arshi will comment on them. Rubina will be drying the clothes but will get distracted by Abhi and fall in the pool. All laugh. Aly will jump in the pool to save Rubina.
**Evening slot: Rubina will take a bath, Vikas-Rakhi will do Rakhi’s makeup. Then Rakhi will go behind Abhi. Then Aly will go for a bath and go to his bed. Rahul will steal the coffee and make it for Nikki. Nikki will clean the living area, Arshi will clean the luggage area.
They have to keep repeating these activities. We can’t sit in the time-loop.
|-
| '''Punishments'''
| 1 Part of the Bathroom was also closed as Arshi went inside the spa
|-
| rowspan="3" |'''Results'''
| style="text-align:center; background:#ccc;"| '''College Rivalry Task was rejected by Bigg Boss'''
|-
| style="text-align:center; background:#9F6;"|'''Winner (Time Loop) –Rubina, Aly, Nikki'''
|-
| style="text-align:center; background:#FA8072;"| '''Failed (Time Loop) – Rest of contestants'''
|-
| '''Exits'''
| On Day 120, Vikas Gupta was evicted by facing public vote
|-
! colspan="3" |
|-
! rowspan="5" style="background:#DAA500; text-align:center;"| Week 18
| '''Nominations'''
| Abhinav, Arshi, Aly, Devoleena, Nikki, Rakhi, Rubina
|-
|'''BB Share Market Task'''||
The house is now the stock market. Abhi is the owner of a stock company and Aly is the owner of another stock company. Their stock companies have to buy a portion of the house. The other inmates will be share-holders of the house areas and will try to increase the share points of their stocks. The locations are given as:
*Rubina – kitchen
*Arshi – living area
*Rakhi – bathroom
*Nikki – gym
*Rahul – bedroom
*Devo – garden
To increase their points, you should convince other inmates to spend more time in your areas. You have to bargain with Abhi and Aly to sell your areas in more points. One broker can buy one area only.When the gong plays, they can change the points of the areas. Both Aly and Abhi have 1 lac points right now. When they buy an area, they will minus the points from their balance. The person who has bought more properties in the house between Aly-Abhi will win the task, the share-holder of the area which has been sold with the highest point will win the task as well. The 2 winners will get exclusive meals, they will choose 2 inmates to get items from BB Mall.
|-
| '''Exits'''
| On Day 127, Arshi Khan was evicted by facing the public vote
|-
|'''Results'''
| style="text-align:center; background:#ccc;"| '''BB Share Market Task was rejected by Bigg Boss'''
|-
| '''Punishments'''||
*Rubina Dilaik was nominated for the rest of the season as a result of throwing water on Rakhi
*Devoleena was nominated for the rest of the season as a result of breaking items in the house & trying to hit Rubina Dilaik.
|-
! colspan="3" |
|-
! rowspan="8" style="background:#DAA500; text-align:center;" | Week 19
| '''Nominations'''
| Rubina, Devoleena, Aly, Rahul V
|-
| '''Tasks'''||
*'''Ticket To Finale Task''':The task has a wagon in the garden with sacks and stamps. In the task, all inmates will team with their supporters. Some inmates will stay in the wagon and make sure that you stamp the sacks with your names. The other inmates will store the sacks in their barrels. You will give your sacks to your supporter from the wagon’s three windows. When the horse sound plays, it means you can’t send the sacks from the wagon. Paras will then count the sacks from the barrels and see if their stamps are there. The inmate who has the fewest sacks in the barrels will be out of the race. There are two types of stamps in the wagon, one type has inmates’ names on it and there is an ‘X’ stamp which you can use to cross someone’s name from the sack and stamp your name on it. The inmates have to decide who will stay in the wagon to stamp the sacks and who will stay near the barrels. You will have to keep storing your sacks in the barrels. The person who has the most number of sacks in their barrel will win the task.
*'''BB ATM Task''':Rahul, Aly and Rakhi have a chance to become a finalist by using some of the money from the winning amount. There are an ATM and a shredding machine in the garden. There are three envelopes with their names written on them. When the buzzer plays, an amount will be shown on the board. The inmate can write that amount as a cheque and shred that cheque. If you shred the cheque then you will save yourself but that amount will be deducted from the winning amount. If you don’t want to use the cheque then you will put the cheque in the ATM. After every round, the amount will keep increasing. They will decide themselves who will go when in the task. At the end of the task, whoever has deposited the amount in the ATM will remain nominated and the person who shreds the cheque will use the amount and reach the finale.
|-
| '''Notes'''
|
* Rubina had won the Ticket to Finale Task, but since she was nominated for the rest of the season as a punishment; She has to give Ticket to Finale to anyone other than Devoleena. She gave it to Nikki and Nikki became the 1st finalist
* In BB ATM Task, Rakhi shredded a cheque of 14 Lakh Rupees from the winner's prize money and became the 2nd finalist
|-
| rowspan="4" |'''Results'''
| style="text-align:center; background:#9F6;"| '''Winner (Ticket to Finale Task) – Rubina'''
|-
| style="text-align:center; background:#FA8072;"| '''Failed (Ticket to Finale Task) – Rest of contestants'''
|-
| style="text-align:center; background:#9F6;"|'''Winner (BB ATM Task) –Rakhi'''
|-
| style="text-align:center; background:#FA8072;"| '''Failed (BB ATM Task) – Aly, Rahul'''
|-
| '''Exits'''
|
*On Day 131, Abhinav Shukla was evicted by supporters
*On Day 134, Devoleena Bhattacharjee (Eijaz Khan) was evicted by facing the public Vote
|-
! colspan="3" |
|-
! rowspan="7" style="background:gold; text-align:center;"| Week 20 Finale Week
| '''Nominations'''||
All the finalists were nominated
|-
| '''Task'''||
*'''Wishes Den''':There is a den and 3 chairs, At the end of the task, the three inmates sitting on the chair in the cave will be winners. There will be orders sent for the inmates in the cave, if they complete the order then they can take the chair from another inmate. You have to think if your wish is more important or that sacrifice. The three winners will earn wishes.
*'''Cupid's Revenge''':In this task, The inmates will get waist-belts which have balloons and cupid arrow will be sent. When the buzzer plays, a person will hold the arrow as a cupid and can burst as many balloons of other inmates as they can. One inmate can be a cupid once only in the task. You will burst balloons of inmates who you think don’t deserve to be a finalist. You have to protect your balloons from the cupid, they can’t burst balloons of the cupid. When your balloon is burst, you can take another balloon and attach it to your belt. The person with the most balloons will win the task and get free access of BB Mall for the rest of the days.
|-
| rowspan="4" |'''Results'''
| style="text-align:center; background:#9F6;"| '''Winner (Cupid's Revenge) – Aly'''
|-
| style="text-align:center; background:#FA8072;"| '''Failed (Cupid's Revenge) – Rest of contestants'''
|-
| style="text-align:center; background:#9F6;"|'''Winner (Wishes Den) –Rubina, Aly, Rakhi'''
|-
| style="text-align:center; background:#FA8072;"| '''Failed (Wishes Den) – Nikki, Rahul V'''
|-
|'''Happenings'''||
*On Day 135, RJs had come to interview the finalists and play games
*On Day 136, [[Abhinav Shukla]] visited the house for a date with [[Rubina Dilaik]]
*On Day 138, All the wishes of the contestants were fulfilled
*On Day 139, [[Rajkummar Rao]], [[Bharti Singh]] and [[Haarsh Limbachiyaa]] interacted with the housemates
*On Day 140, Journey of the Finalists were shown
|-
! colspan="3" |
|-
! colspan="3" style="background:gold; text-align:center"|Finalists
|-
! colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"|4th Runner Up
| style="background:#FCF; text-align:center" | Rakhi Sawant
|-
! colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"|3rd Runner Up
| style="background:#DDA0DD; text-align:center" |'''[[Aly Goni]]'''
|-
! colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"|2nd Runner Up
| style="background:#7FFFD4; text-align:center" |'''[[Nikki Tamboli]]'''
|-
! colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"|1st Runner Up
| style="background:#D1E8EF; text-align:center" |'''[[Rahul Vaidya]]'''
|-
! colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"|Winner
| style="background:#73FB76; text-align:center" |Rubina Dilaik
|}

==Nominations table==




<blockquote style="padding: 0em; overflow:auto;">
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:100%; font-size:85%; line-height:14px;"
|-
! rowspan="2" colspan="2" style="width: 5%;" |#BB14
First Level
! rowspan="2" style="width: 5%;" | Week 1
! colspan="3" style="width: 5%;" | Week 2
! colspan="3" rowspan="2" style="width: 5%;" | Week 3
! rowspan="2" |Second Level
! colspan="3" style="width: 5%;" | Week 4
! colspan="3" style="width: 5%;" | Week 5
! rowspan="2" style="width: 5%;" | Week 6
! rowspan="2" style="width: 5%;" | Week 7
! rowspan="2" style="width: 5%;" | Week 8
! colspan="4" style="width: 5%;" | Week 9
! rowspan="2" |Third Level
! rowspan="2" style="width: 5%;" | Week 10
! rowspan="2" style="width: 5%;" | Week 11
! rowspan="2" style="width: 5%;" | {{nowrap|Week 12}}
! rowspan="2" style="width: 5%;" | {{nowrap|Week 13}}
! rowspan="2" style="width: 5%;" | Week 14
! rowspan="2" style="width: 5%;" | {{nowrap|Week 15}}
! rowspan="2" style="width: 5%;" | Week 16
! rowspan="2" style="background:#ccc;" |
! rowspan="2" style="width: 5%;" | Week 17
! rowspan="2" style="width: 5%;" | Week 18
! colspan="2" style="width: 5%;" | Week 19
! colspan="3" style="background:gold; style="width: 5%;" | Week 20
|-
! style="width: 5%;" | Day 10
! style="width: 5%;" | Day 12
! style="width: 5%;" | Day 16
! style="width: 5%;" | Day 22
! style="width: 5%;" | Day 24
! style="width: 5%;" | Day 27
! style="width: 5%;" | Day 31
! style="width: 5%;" | Day 32
! style="width: 5%;" | Day 34
! style="width: 5%;" | Day 59
! style="width: 5%;" |{{nowrap|Day 60}}
! style="width: 5%;" | Day 62
! style="width: 5%;" | Finale
Day 64
! style="width: 5%;" | Day 130
! style="width: 5%;" | Day 133
! colspan=3 style="background:#FFD700" | Grand Finale
Day 142
|- style="background:#87CEEB;" |
! colspan=2 style="background:#87CEEB;" | {{nowrap|Nominees for Captaincy}}
| colspan="7" rowspan="3" style="background:#E5E5E5;" |''No Captain''
!{{nowrap|Nominees for Captaincy}}
| Abhinav Jaan Jasmin Nikki Nishant Rahul V Rubina
| Kavita Naina Shardul
| colspan="3" |Abhinav Eijaz Jasmin Kavita Naina Nishant Rubina Shardul
| colspan="2" | Abhinav Eijaz Jaan Jasmin Nikki Pavitra
| Abhinav Aly Eijaz Jaan Jasmin Kavita Nikki Pavitra Rahul V Rubina Shardul
| Aly Eijaz Jasmin Kavita
| colspan="4" | Jasmin Nikki Rahul V
!{{nowrap|Nominees for Captaincy}}
| Abhinav Arshi Eijaz Jasmin Kashmera Manu Rahul M Rubina Vikas
| rowspan="3" style="background:#E5E5E5;" |''No Captain''
| Aly Jasmin Rakhi
| Abhinav Aly Arshi Eijaz Jasmin Nikki {{nowrap|Rahul M}} Rahul V Rakhi Rubina Sonali Vikas
| Arshi Rahul M Rakhi
| Rakhi Sonali
| Abhinav Eijaz Nikki Rahul V
| colspan="8" rowspan="3" style="background:#E5E5E5;" |''Captaincy Cancelled''
|- style="background:#cfc;"
! colspan=2 style="background:#cfc;" | House Captain
!House Captain
| <s>'''Nishant'''</s>
| '''Kavita'''
| colspan="3" | '''Eijaz'''
| colspan="2" | '''Jasmin'''
| '''Aly'''
| '''Kavita'''
| colspan="4" rowspan="2" style="background:#E5E5E5;" |''No Captain''
!House Captain
| '''Manu'''
| '''<s>Aly</s> Rubina'''
| '''Vikas'''
| <s>'''{{nowrap|Rahul M}}'''</s>
| '''Rakhi'''
| rowspan="2" style="background:#E5E5E5;" |''No Captain''
|-
! colspan=2 | Captain's Nominations
!Captain's Nominations
| style="background:#ccc;" | ''Captain Dismissed''
| Eijaz {{nowrap|(to save)}}
| Kavita Nishant Jasmin Rubina (to evict)
| Nishant (to evict)
| Jasmin {{nowrap|(to save)}}
| Rahul V {{nowrap|(to evict)}}
| Rubina (to evict)
| Kavita Nikki Jaan Abhinav Eijaz Rubina (to evict)
| Eijaz {{nowrap|(to save)}} Aly {{nowrap|(to evict)}}
!Captain's Nominations
| style="background:#ccc;" |''Not eligible''
| Eijaz {{nowrap|(to evict)}}
| style="background:#ccc;" |''Not eligible''
| style="background:#ccc;" | ''Captain Evicted''
| Abhinav (to save)
|-
| colspan="39" style="background:#000;" |
|-
! colspan="2" | Vote to:
! Task
! Evict
! Task
! Evict
! colspan="3" |Task
!Vote to:
! Red Zone
! colspan="4" | Evict
! Task
! colspan="3" | Save/Evict
! Task
! {{nowrap|37-Min}}
! None
!Finale
!Vote to:
!Task
! colspan="2" | Evict
! Save
! ''None''
! Evict
! ''None''
! style="background:#ccc;" |
! Evict
! Save
! Evict
! ''None''
! colspan="3" | ''WIN''
|-
| colspan="39" style="background:#000;" |
|-
! style="background:linear-gradient(to right, red 50%, lightgreen 50%);" |
! Rubina
| style="background:#959FFD;" | ''Nominated''
| Nishant Eijaz
| style="background:#959FFD;" | ''Nominated''
| Jaan
| style="background:Tan" |
| colspan="2" style="background:#FBF373;" | ''Confirmed''
! Rubina
| Kavita
| Rahul V Nikki
| style="background:red" |{{Font colour|white |''Swapped''}}
| style="background:#959FFD;" | ''Nominated''
| style="background:#959FFD;" | ''Nominated against Abhinav''
| style="background:#FBF373;" | ''Safe''
| Aly (to save)
| style="background:#ccc;"| ''Not eligible''
| Pavitra (to evict)
| style="background:red" |{{Font colour|white |''Lost against Eijaz''}}
| 41:41 Mins
| style="background:#959FFD;" | ''Nominated''
| style="background:gold;" |''{{nowrap|Moved to Third Level}}''
! Rubina
| style="background:#FBF373;" |''Safe''
| Arshi Eijaz
| style="background:#cfc;"|''House Captain''
| Abhinav Nikki
| style="background:#959FFD;" | Nominated
| Rahul V
| style="background:#959FFD;" | ''Nominated''
| rowspan="5" style="background:#ccc;" |
| Devoleena Rahul V
| style="background:#959FFD;" | ''Wrote Abhinav's Name''
| style="background:#959FFD;" | Devoleena
| style="background:#959FFD;" | ''Nominated''
| style="background:#959FFD;" |''No Nominations''
| colspan="2" style="background:#73FB76" | {{nowrap|'''''Winner''''' (Day 142)}}
|-
! style="background:#90EE90" |
! Rahul V
| style="background:#959FFD;" | ''Nominated''
| Abhinav Nishant
| style="background:#FBF373;" |''Safe''
| Abhinav
| style="background:LightSeaGreen" |
| colspan="2" style="background:#FBF373;" |''Confirmed''
!Rahul V
| Naina
| Rubina Jaan
| Jasmin
| Nishant
| style="background:#959FFD;" | ''Nominated against Nikki''
| style="background:#959FFD;" | Nominated
| Nikki (to save)
| ''Swapped Pavitra with Rubina''
| Eijaz (to evict)
| style="background:#ccc;" |''Not eligible''
| 35:57 Mins
| style="background:#959FFD;" | ''Nominated''
| style="background:#fcf;" |''Walked'' {{nowrap|(Day 64)}}
!Rahul V
| colspan="2" style="background:#fcf;" |''Walked'' {{nowrap|(Day 64)}}
| Abhinav Rubina
| Aly Nikki
| style="background:#FBF373;" |''Safe''
| Nikki
| style="background:#959FFD;" | ''Nominated''
| Nikki Vikas
| style="background:#FBF373;" | ''Scrapped Abhinav's Name''
| style="background:#959FFD;" | Nikki
| style="background:#959FFD;" | ''Nominated''
| style="background:#959FFD;" |''No Nominations''
| colspan="2" style="background:#D1E8EF" | {{nowrap|'''''1st runner-up''''' (Day 142)}}
|-
! style="background:#90EE90" |
! Nikki
| style="background:#FBF373;" | ''Safe''
| style="background:#FBF373;" | Shehzad Abhinav
| style="background:#FBF373;" | ''Confirmed''
| Abhinav
| style="background:#f60" |
| colspan="2" style="background:#FBF373;" | ''Safe''
! Nikki
| Naina
| Nishant Abhinav
| Kavita
| Nishant
| style="background:#FBF373;" | ''Saved against Rahul V''
| style="background:#ccc;" | ''Not eligible''
| Jaan (to save)
| style="background:#ccc;" | ''Not eligible''
| Aly (to save)
| style="background:red" |{{Font colour|white|''Lost against Eijaz''}}
| 31:21 Mins
| style="background:#959FFD;" | ''Nominated''
| style="background:red;"|''{{font color|white|Rejected}}''
! Nikki
| style="background:#FA8072;" | ''Evicted'' {{nowrap|(Day 64)}}
| Kashmera Arshi
| Abhinav Arshi
| Rahul V Rubina
| style="background:#FBF373;" | ''Safe''
| Sonali
| style="background:#959FFD;" | ''Nominated''
| Devoleena Rakhi
| style="background:#959FFD;" | ''Kept Rahul V's Name''
| style="background:#959FFD;" | Abhinav
| style="background:#FBF373;" | ''Saved by Rubina''
| style="background:#959FFD;" |''No Nominations''
| colspan="2" style="background:#7FFFD4;" | '''''2nd runner-up''''' (Day 142)
|-
! colspan="2" | Aly
| colspan="7" style="background:#E5E5E5;" |''Entered in Second Level''
! Aly
| colspan="5" style="background:#E5E5E5;" |''Not in House''
| style="background:orange;" | ''Quarantined''
| Abhinav (to save)
| style="background:#cfc;" | ''House Captain''
| Rubina (to evict)
| style="background:#ccc;" | ''Not eligible''
| 57:25 Mins
| colspan="2" style="background:#FA8072;" | ''Evicted'' {{nowrap|(Day 60)}}
! Aly
| style="background:#FA8072;" |''Evicted'' {{nowrap|(Day 60)}}
| Arshi Eijaz
| style="background:#cfc;" | ''<s>House Captain</s>''
| Jasmin Rahul V
| style="background:#959FFD;" | ''Nominated''
| Nikki
| style="background:#FBF373;" | ''Safe''
| Vikas Rakhi
| style="background:#959FFD;" | ''Wrote Rahul V's Name''
| style="background:#959FFD;" | Abhinav
| style="background:#959FFD;" | ''Nominated''
| style="background:#959FFD;" |''No Nominations''
| colspan=2 style="background:#DDA0DD;" | '''''3rd runner-up''''' (Day 142)
|-
| Bgcolor=lightblue|
! colspan="1" | Rakhi
| colspan="7" style="background:#E5E5E5;" |''Entered in Third Level''
! Rakhi
| colspan="13" style="background:#E5E5E5;" |''Entered in Third Level''
! Rakhi
| style="background:#E5E5E5;" |''Not In House''
| Arshi Manu
| Manu Rahul M
| Rubina Abhinav
| style="background:#FBF373;" | ''Safe''
| style="background:#cfc" | ''House Captain''
| style="background:#FBF373;" | ''Safe''
| Arshi Rahul V
| style="background:#959FFD;" | ''Kept Abhinav's Name''
| style="background:#959FFD;" | Abhinav
| style="background:#FBF373;" | ''Saved through BB ATM Task''
| style="background:#959FFD;" |''No Nominations''
| colspan=2 style="background:#FCF;" | '''''{{nowrap|Walked, 4th runner-up}}''''' (Day 142)
|-
! style="background:#90EE90" |
! Eijaz
| style="background:#959FFD;" | ''Nominated''
| Rahul V Shehzad
| style="background:#FBF373;" | ''Safe''
| Shehzad
| style="background:#f60" |
| colspan="2" style="background:#FA8072" | ''Evicted'' (Day 18)
! Eijaz
| Shardul
| style="background:#959FFD;" | Rahul V
| colspan="3" style="background:#cfc;" | ''House Captain''
| style="background:#ccc;" | ''Not eligible''
| Pavitra (to save)
| style="background:#ccc;" | ''Not eligible''
| Abhinav (to evict)
| style="background:green" |{{Font colour|white|''Won against Rubina''}}
| style="background:#FBF373Vat" | {{nowrap|35:57 Mins}}
| style="background:#FBF373;" | ''Finalist''
| style="background:gold;" |''{{nowrap|Moved to Third Level}}''
! Eijaz
| style="background:#959FFD;" | ''Nominated''
| Jasmin Abhinav
| Rahul V Rubina
| Aly Sonali
| style="background:#FBF373;" | ''Safe''
| Rubina
| style="background:#FCF;" | ''{{nowrap|Walked}}'' (Day 106)
! Devoleena
| Vikas Nikki
| style="background:#959FFD;" |''Kept Rahul V's Name''
| style="background:#959FFD;" |Rahul V
| style="background:#959FFD;" |''Nominated''
| colspan="3" style="background:#FF8072;" |''Evicted'' (Day 134)
|-
! style="background:#90EE90" |
! Abhinav
| style="background:#959FFD;" | ''Nominated''
| Rahul V Shehzad
| style="background:#959FFD;" | ''Nominated''
| style="background:#959FFD;" |Shehzad
| style="background:Tan" |
| colspan="2" style="background:#FBF373;" | ''Confirmed''
! Abhinav
| Shardul
| Nikki Rahul V
| style="background:#ccc;" | ''Not eligible''
| Nishant
| style="background:#FBF373;" | ''Saved against Rubina''
| style="background:#ccc;" | ''Not eligible''
| Kavita (to save)
| ''Swapped Rubina {{nowrap|with Rahul V}}''
| Rahul V (to evict)
| style="background:red" |{{Font colour|white|''Lost against Eijaz''}}
| 41:41 Mins
| style="background:#FBF373;" | ''Finalist''
| style="background:gold;" |''{{nowrap|Moved to Third Level}}''
! Abhinav
| style="background:#959FFD;" | ''Nominated''
| Eijaz Kashmera
| Arshi Rahul V
| Rubina Rahul M
| style="background:#959FFD;" | ''Nominated''
| style="background:#FBF373;" | ''Saved by Captain''
| style="background:#FBF373;" | ''Safe''
| rowspan="3" style="background:#ccc;" |
| Rahul V Devoleena
| style="background:#959FFD;" | ''Kept Abhinav's Name''
| style="background:#959FFD;" | Devoleena
| colspan="4" style="background:#BFFF00;" | ''Evicted by Supporters'' (Day 130)
|-
| Bgcolor=lightblue|
! colspan="1" | Arshi
| colspan="7" style="background:#E5E5E5;" |''Entered in Third Level''
! colspan="1" |Arshi
| colspan="13" style="background:#E5E5E5;" |''Entered in Third Level''
! colspan="1" |Arshi
| style="background:#959FFD;" | ''Nominated''
| Rahul M Manu
| Abhinav Rahul M
| Eijaz Aly
| style="background:#FBF373;" | ''Safe''
| Sonali
| style="background:#FBF373;" | ''Safe''
| Vikas Nikki
| style="background:#959FFD;" | ''Kept Abhinav's Name''
| colspan="5" style="background:#FA8072;" | ''Evicted'' (Day 127)
|-
| Bgcolor=lightblue|
! colspan="1" | Vikas
| colspan="7" style="background:#E5E5E5;" |''Entered in Third Level''
! colspan="1" |Vikas
| colspan="13" style="background:#E5E5E5;" |''Entered in Third Level''
! colspan="1" |Vikas
| style="background:#FBF373;" | ''Safe''
| colspan="2" style="background:#FFE08B;" | ''Ejected'' (Day 72)
| style="background:#cfc;" | ''House Captain''
| style="background:#FBF373;" | ''Safe''
| Rahul V
| style="background:#FCF;" | ''Walked'' {{nowrap|(Day 102)}}
| Arshi Devoleena
| colspan="6" style="background:#FA8072;" | ''Evicted'' (Day 120)
|-
! colspan="2" | Sonali
| colspan="7" style="background:#E5E5E5;" |''Entered in Third Level''
!Sonali
| colspan="13" style="background:#E5E5E5;" |''Entered in Third Level''
!Sonali
| colspan="3" style="background:#E5E5E5;" |''Not in House''
| Arshi Rahul V
| style="background:#FBF373;" | ''Safe''
| Rubina
| style="background:#959FFD;" | ''Nominated''
| colspan="8" style="background:#FA8072;" | ''Evicted'' (Day 113)
|-
! style="background:#90EE90" |
! Jasmin
| style="background:#959FFD;" | ''Nominated''
| Rahul V Abhinav
| style="background:#959FFD;" | ''Nominated''
| Abhinav
| style="background:Tan" |
| colspan="2" style="background:#FBF373;" | ''Confirmed''
!Jasmin
|Naina
| Rahul V Jaan
| style="background:red" | {{Font colour|white|''Swapped''}}
| style="background:#959FFD;" | ''Nominated''
| style="background:#FBF373;" | ''Saved by Captain''
| colspan="2" style="background:#cfc;" | ''House Captain''
| ''Swapped Abhinav {{nowrap|with Pavitra}}''
| Nikki (to save)
| style="background:red" |{{Font colour|white|''Lost against Eijaz''}}
| 57:25 Mins
| style="background:#959FFD;" | ''Nominated''
| style="background:gold;" |''{{nowrap|Moved to Third Level}}''
! Jasmin
| style="background:#FBF373;" | ''Safe''
| Arshi Eijaz
| Rahul M Manu
| Aly Abhinav
| style="background:#959FFD;" | ''Nominated''
| colspan="10" style="background:#FA8072;" | ''Evicted'' (Day 99)
|-
| Bgcolor=lightblue|
! colspan="1" | Rahul M
| colspan="7" style="background:#E5E5E5;" |''Entered in Third Level''
! colspan="1" |Rahul M
| colspan="13" style="background:#E5E5E5;" |''Entered in Third Level''
! colspan="1" |Rahul M
| style="background:#959FFD;" | ''Nominated''
| Arshi Rubina
| Jasmin Manu
| Eijaz Abhinav
| colspan="11" style="background:#FA8072;" | ''Evicted'' (Day 93)
|-
| Bgcolor=lightblue|
! colspan="1" | Manu
| colspan="7" style="background:#E5E5E5;" |''Entered in Third Level''
! colspan="1" |Manu
| colspan="13" style="background:#E5E5E5;" |''Entered in Third Level''
! colspan="1" |Manu
| style="background:#cfc;" | ''House Captain''
| Aly Arshi
| Rakhi Jasmin
| colspan="12" style="background:#FCF;" | ''Walked'' (Day 80)
|-
| Bgcolor=lightblue|
! colspan="1" | Kashmera
| colspan="7" style="background:#E5E5E5;" |''Entered in Third Level''
! colspan="1" |Kashmera
| colspan="13" style="background:#E5E5E5;" |''Entered in Third Level''
! colspan="1" |Kashmera
| style="background:#959FFD;" | ''Nominated''
| Nikki Abhinav
| colspan="13" style="background:#FA8072;" | ''Evicted'' (Day 78)
|-
! colspan="2" | Kavita
| colspan="7" style="background:#E5E5E5;" |''Entered in Second Level''
!Kavita
| style="background:#E5E5E5;" |''Not in House''
| style="background:#cfc" | ''House Captain''
| style="background:red" | {{Font colour|white|''Swapped''}}
| style="background:#959FFD;" | ''Nominated''
| colspan="2" style="background:#FA8072;" | ''Evicted'' (Day 31)
| style="background:#ccc;" | ''Not eligible''
| style="background:#ccc;" | ''Not eligible''
| style="background:#cfc" | ''House Captain''
| style="background:red" |{{Font colour|white|''Lost against Eijaz''}}
| 31:21 Mins
| colspan="2" style="background:#FCF;" | ''Walked'' (Day 61)
!Kavita
| colspan="15" style="background:#FCF;" |''Walked in Second Level''
|-
! style="background:#90EE90" |
! Pavitra
| style="background:#FBF373;" | ''Safe''
| Rahul V Eijaz
| style="background:#FBF373;" | ''Safe''
| Shehzad
| style="background:#f60" |
| colspan="2" style="background:#FA8072" | ''Evicted'' (Day 18)
!Pavitra
| Naina
| style="background:#959FFD;" | Rahul V
| Rubina
| Nishant
| style="background:#FBF373;" | ''Safe''
| style="background:#ccc;" | ''Not eligible''
| Rahul V (to save)
| ''Swapped Rahul V {{nowrap|with Jasmin}}''
| Jasmin (to evict)
| colspan="4" style="background:#FA8072;" | ''Evicted'' (Day 57)
! Pavitra
| colspan="15" style="background:#FA8072;" |''Evicted in Second Level''
|-
! style="background:linear-gradient(to right, red 50%, lightgreen 50%);" |
! Jaan
| style="background:#959FFD;" | ''Nominated''
| Rahul V Sara
| style="background:#959FFD;" | ''Nominated''
| style="background:#959FFD;" | Abhinav
| style="background:LightSeaGreen" |
| colspan="2" style="background:#FBF373;" | ''Confirmed''
!Jaan
| Shardul
| Rahul V Nikki
| Nishant
| Nishant
| style="background:#FBF373;" | ''Safe''
| style="background:#ccc;" | ''Not eligible''
| Eijaz (to save)
| style="background:#ccc;" | ''Not eligible''
| colspan="5" style="background:#FA8072;" | ''Evicted'' (Day 50)
!Jaan
| colspan="15" style="background:#FA8072;" |''Evicted in Second Level''
|-
! colspan="2" | Shardul
| colspan="7" style="background:#E5E5E5;" |''Entered in Second Level''
! Shardul
| style="background:#E5E5E5;" |''Not in House''
| Nishant Rubina
| style="background:#ccc;" | ''Not eligible''
| Nishant
| style="background:#959FFD;" | ''Nominated against Naina''
| style="background:#959FFD;" | ''Nominated''
| style="background:#959FFD;" | ''Nominated by Adalat''
| colspan="6" style="background:#FA8072;" | ''Evicted'' (Day 43)
!Shardul
| colspan="15" style="background:#FA8072;" |''Evicted in Second Level''
|-
! colspan="2" | Naina
| colspan="7" style="background:#E5E5E5;" |''Entered in Second Level''
! Naina
| style="background:#E5E5E5;" |''Not in House''
| Nikki Jaan
| style="background:#ccc;" | ''Not eligible''
| Kavita
| style="background:#959FFD;" | ''Nominated against Shardul''
| style="background:#959FFD;" | ''Nominated''
| colspan="7" style="background:#FA8072;" | ''Evicted'' (Day 36)
! Naina
| colspan="15" style="background:#FA8072;" |''Evicted in Second Level''
|-
! style="background:linear-gradient(to right, red 50%, lightgreen 50%);" |
! Nishant
| style="background:#959FFD;" | ''Nominated''
| Shehzad Rahul V
| style="background:#FBF373;" | ''Safe''
| Abhinav
| style="background:Tan" |
| colspan="2" style="background:#FBF373;" | ''Confirmed''
! Nishant
| Shardul
| Rahul V Nikki
| style="background:red" | {{Font colour|white|''Swapped''}}
| style="background:#959FFD;" | ''Nominated''
| colspan="9" style="background:#BFFF00;" | ''Evicted by Housemates'' (Day 31)
! Nishant
| colspan="15" style="background:#BFFF00;" |''Evicted by Housemates in the Second level''
|-
! style="background:#90EE90" |
! Shehzaad
| style="background:#959FFD;" | ''Nominated''
| Nishant Abhinav
| style="background:#959FFD;" | ''Nominated''
| style="background:#959FFD;" | Abhinav
| style="background:#ccc" |
| colspan="2" style="background:#BFFF00;" | ''Evicted by Housemates & Seniors'' (Day 18)
! Shehzaad
| colspan="13" style="background:#BFFF00;" |''Evicted by Housemates & Seniors in the First Level''
! Shehzaad
| colspan="15" style="background:#BFFF00;" |''Evicted by Housemates & Seniors in the First Level''
|-
! style="background:linear-gradient(to right, red 50%, lightgreen 50%);" |
! Sara
| style="background:#959FFD;" | ''Nominated''
| Jaan Rahul V
| colspan="5" style="background:#BFFF00;" | ''Evicted by Seniors'' (Day 9)
!Sara
| colspan="13" style="background:#BFFF00;" |''Evicted by Seniors in the First Level''
!Sara
| colspan="15" style="background:#BFFF00;" |''Evicted by Seniors in the First Level''
|-
| colspan="39" style="background:#000;" |
|-
! colspan="39" | Seniors
|-
| colspan="39" style="background:#000;" |
|-
! colspan="2" | Gauahar
| rowspan="3" style="background:#ccc;" |
| rowspan="3" style="background:#58FAAC;" | Sara
| rowspan="3" style="background:#ccc;" |
| {{No|Shehzad}}
| colspan="33" rowspan="3" style="background:#D0A7F4;" | ''Duration Complete'' (Day 18)
|-
! colspan=2 | Hina
| {{No|Shehzad}}
|-
! colspan=2 | Sidharth
| {{No|Shehzad}}
|-
| colspan="39" style="background:#000;" |
|-
! colspan=2 | Notes
|
|
| colspan="2" |
| colspan="3" |
!Notes
| colspan="2" |
| colspan="2" |
| colspan="2" |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
!Notes
|
|
|
|
|
| colspan="2" |
| rowspan="9" style="background:#ccc;" |
|
|
|
|
| colspan="2" |
|
|- style="background:#B2FFFF;"
! colspan=2 | Against Public Vote
| Abhinav Eijaz Jaan Jasmin <s>Nikki</s> Nishant <s>Pavitra</s> Rahul V Rubina Sara Shehzad
| Abhinav Eijaz Jaan Nishant Rahul V Sara Shehzad
| Abhinav Jaan Jasmin Rubina Shehzad
| Abhinav Jaan Shehzad
| colspan="3" | {{nowrap|Team Gauahar}} {{nowrap|Team Hina}} {{nowrap|Team Sidharth}}
!Against Public Vote
| colspan="2" |<s>Jaan Nikki Pavitra Rahul V</s>
| colspan="2" | Jasmin Kavita Nishant Rubina
| colspan="2" | Naina Rahul V <s>Rubina</s> Shardul
| Rubina Shardul
| Eijaz Jaan Jasmin Kavita Nikki Rubina
| Abhinav Aly Jasmin Pavitra Rahul V Rubina
| Abhinav Aly Jasmin Kavita Nikki Rahul V Rubina
| Aly Jasmin
| colspan="2" | Jasmin Nikki Rahul V Rubina
!Against Public Vote
| Abhinav Arshi Eijaz Kashmera Rahul M
| Abhinav Arshi Eijaz Kashmera Manu
| Abhinav Eijaz <s>Manu</s> Rahul M
| Abhinav Aly Arshi Eijaz Jasmin Nikki Rahul M Rahul V Rakhi Rubina Sonali
| Abhinav Aly Jasmin Rubina
| colspan="2" | Nikki Rahul V Rubina Sonali
| Devoleena Nikki Rahul V Vikas
| Abhinav Aly Arshi Devoleena Nikki Rakhi Rubina
| Abhinav Aly Devoleena Nikki Rahul V Rakhi Rubina
| Aly Devoleena <s>Nikki</s> Rahul V <s>Rakhi</s> Rubina
| colspan="3" | Aly Nikki Rahul V Rakhi Rubina
|-
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" | {{nowrap|Re-entered}}
| colspan="7" rowspan="2" style="background:#E5E5E5" | ''None''
! rowspan="2" |{{nowrap|Re-entered}}
| colspan="1" style="background:#DAFF99;" | '''Eijaz'''
| colspan="5" rowspan="2" style="background:#E5E5E5" | ''None''
| rowspan="2" style="background:#DAFF99;" | '''Kavita'''
| colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="background:#E5E5E5" | ''None''
! rowspan="2" |{{nowrap|Re-entered}}
| style="background:#DAFF99;" | '''Nikki'''
| rowspan="2" style="background:#DAFF99;" | '''Rahul V'''
| rowspan="2" style="background:#DAFF99;" | '''Vikas'''
| colspan="3" rowspan="2" style="background:#E5E5E5" | ''None''
| rowspan="2" style="background:#DAFF99;" | '''Vikas'''
| colspan="7" rowspan="4" style="background:#E5E5E5" | ''None''
|- style="background:#DAFF99;"
| style="background:#DAFF99;" | '''Pavitra'''
| style="background:#DAFF99;" | '''Aly'''
|-
! colspan="2" | Walked
| colspan="7" style="background:#E5E5E5" | ''None''
! Walked
| colspan="10" style="background:#E5E5E5" |''None''
| style="background:#FCF;" | '''Kavita'''
| colspan="2" style="background:#FCF;" | '''Rahul V'''
! Walked
| colspan="2" style="background:#E5E5E5" | ''None''
| style="background:#FCF;" | '''Manu'''
| colspan="2" style="background:#E5E5E5" | ''None''
| style="background:#FCF;" | '''Vikas'''
| style="background:#FCF;" | '''Eijaz'''
|-
! colspan="2" | Ejected
| colspan="7" style="background:#E5E5E5" | ''None''
!Ejected
| colspan="13" style="background:#E5E5E5" |''None''
!Ejected
| style="background:#FFE08B;" | '''Vikas'''
| colspan="6" style="background:#E5E5E5" | ''None''
|-
! colspan="2" rowspan="3" | Evicted
| rowspan="3" style="background:#E5E5E5;" | ''No Eviction''
| rowspan="3" style="background:#BFFF00" | '''Sara'''
| colspan="4" rowspan="3" style="background:#E5E5E5" | ''No Eviction''
|style="background:#BFFF00" |'''Shehzad'''
! rowspan="3" |Evicted
| colspan="3" rowspan="3" style="background:#E5E5E5" | ''No Eviction''
| style="background:#BFFF00" | '''Nishant'''
| colspan="2" rowspan="3" style="background:#FA8072" | '''Naina'''
| rowspan="3" style="background:#FA8072" |'''Shardul'''
| rowspan="3" style="background:#FA8072" |'''Jaan'''
| rowspan="3" style="background:#FA8072" |'''Pavitra'''
| colspan="2" rowspan="3" style="background:#FA8072" | '''Aly'''
| colspan="2" rowspan="3" style="background:#FA8072" |'''Nikki'''
! rowspan="3" |Evicted
| rowspan="3" style="background:#E5E5E5;" | ''No Eviction''
| rowspan="3" style="background:#FA8072" |'''Kashmera'''
| rowspan="3" style="background:#E5E5E5;" | ''No Eviction''
| rowspan="3" style="background:#FA8072" |'''{{nowrap|Rahul M}}'''
| rowspan="3" style="background:#FA8072" |'''Jasmin '''
| rowspan="3" style="background:#E5E5E5" | ''No Eviction''
| rowspan="3" style="background:#FA8072" |'''Sonali'''
| rowspan="3" style="background:#FA8072" |'''Vikas'''
| rowspan="3" style="background:#FA8072" |'''Arshi'''
| rowspan="3" style="background:#BFFF00" |'''Abhinav'''
| rowspan="3" style="background:#FA8072" |'''Devoleena'''
| style="background:#FCF;" |'''Rakhi'''
| colspan="2" style="background:#DDA0DD" |'''Aly'''
|-
| style="background:#FA8072" |'''Eijaz'''
| rowspan="2" style="background:#FA8072" | '''Kavita'''
| colspan="3" style="background:#7FFFD4" |'''Nikki'''
|-
| style="background:#FA8072" |'''Pavitra'''
| colspan="2" style="background:#D1E8EF" |'''{{nowrap|Rahul V}}'''
| style="background:#73FB76" |'''Rubina'''
|}
</blockquote>
<div style="font-size:smaller">
'''Color Key'''
: {{color box|lightgreen}} Selected Housemates by Seniors (Week 1-2)
: {{color box|red}} Rejected Housemates by Seniors (Week 1-2)
: {{color box|LightSeaGreen}} Team Gauahar (Week 3)
: {{color box|Tan}} Team Hina (Week 3)
: {{color box|#f60}} Team Sidharth (Week 3)
: {{color box|lightblue}} Challengers
: {{color box|#ccc}} No Team (Week 3)
: {{color box|#959FFD}} indicates that the Housemate was directly nominated for eviction.
: {{color box|Yellow}} indicates that the Housemate was immune prior to nominations.
: {{color box|salmon}} indicates that the Housemate has been evicted.
: {{color box|#BFFF00}} indicates that the Housemate has been evicted by Seniors or Housemates.
: {{color box|#DAFF99}} indicates that the housemate has re entered.
: {{color box|#fcf}} indicates the contestant walked out due to emergency.
: {{color box|#FFE08B}} indicates the contestant has been ejected.
: {{color box|#CCFFCC}} indicates the house captain.

===Nomination notes===
* [[Kavita Kaushik]] walked out of the house following an argument between her and [[Rubina Dilaik]].
* [[Rahul Vaidya]] quit the show on Day 64 after feeling homesick.
* [[Vikas Gupta]] was ejected from the show after he had pushed co–housemate [[Arshi Khan]] into the [[swimming pool]].
* [[Vikas Gupta]] walks out of the house due to health issues.
* [[Manu Punjabi]] walks out of the house due to health issues.
* [[Eijaz Khan]] walks out of the house due to his prior commitments.
* [[Devoleena Bhattacharjee]] entered as [[Eijaz Khan|Eijaz's]] replacement. Her eviction is counted as [[Eijaz Khan|Eijaz's]] eviction.
* [[Rakhi Sawant]] walks out of the house after taking 14 Lakh rupees home.
</div>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://www.colorstv.com/in/bigboss13/ Official website]

{{Bigg Boss (Hindi TV series)}}

[[Category:Bigg Boss (Hindi TV series) seasons|14]]
[[Category:2020 Indian television seasons]]
[[Category:2021 Indian television seasons]]
[[Category:Colors TV original programming]]

Raghavbhai Makwana

2026-04-20T09:03:33Z

Vivekparulekar: put up new entry v1

{{short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2022}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Raghavbhai Chondabhai Makwana
| governor = [[Acharya Devvrat]]
| birth_place = Padhiyarka, [[Mahuva, Bhavnagar|Mahuva]], [[Bhavnagar]], [[Gujarat]], [[India]]
| birth_name = Raghavbhai Makwana
| birth_date = 10 August 1970
| district = [[Bhavnagar district|Bhavnagar]]
| parents = Chondabhai Makwana (father)
| occupation = [[Agriculturist]]
| citizenship = [[India]]n
| term_start = 16 September 2021
| prime_minister = [[Narendra Modi]]
| office = [[State Minister]]
| president = [[Ram Nath Kovind]]
| incumbent = Minister of State
| party = [[Bhartiya Janata Party]]
| state = [[Gujarat]]
| native_name_lang = Gj
| country = [[India]]
| constituency1 = [[Mahuva, Bhavnagar (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Mahuva]]
| caption = Raghavbhai Chondabhai Makwana
| image =
| native_name = રાઘવભાઈ ચોંદાભાઈ મકવાણા
| spouse = Bhavnaben Makwana
}}
'''Raghavbhai Chondabhai Makwana''' (popularly known as '''R. C. Makwana'''<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-09-16|title=Gujarat Cabinet Ministers Swearing-in Highlights: All new ministers in Bhupendra Patel cabinet as BJP goes with 'no-repeat' formula|url=https://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/bhupendra-patel-gujarat-cabinet-swearing-in-live-updates/2331215/|access-date=2021-12-08|website=The Financial Express|language=en-US}}</ref>) is an [[Indian politician]], sitting [[Member of Legislative Assembly (India)|MLA]] of Mahuva and State minister in Gujarat government during [[First Bhupendrabhai Patel ministry|Bhupendrabhai Patel ministry]].<ref>{{Cite magazine|author=Gopi Maniar Ghanghar |date=16 September 2021 |title=24 Gujarat ministers take oath; Nimaben Acharya is new Speaker|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/manisha-vakil-nareshbhai-patel-mlas-take-oath-gujarat-ministers-1853364-2021-09-16|access-date=2021-12-08|magazine=India Today|language=en}}</ref> He took oath as State Minister for [[Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment|Social justice and empowerment department]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=મંત્રીઓના ખાતાની વહેંચણી, કનુ દેસાઇને નાંણા , હર્ષ સંઘવીને ગૃહ, જીતુ વાઘાણીને શિક્ષણ વિભાગ, જુઓ કોને મળ્યા કયા ખાતા|url=https://gujarati.news18.com/news/gujarat/ahmedabad/gujarat-new-minister-portfolio-announced-gujarat-cabinet-oath-ceromony-ag-1133289.html|access-date=2021-12-08|website=News18 Gujarati|date=16 September 2021 |language=gu}}</ref> [[Makwana (clan)|Makwana]] belongs to the [[Koli people|Koli]] [[Caste system in India|caste]] of [[Gujarat]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Taneja |first=Nidhi |date=2021-09-16 |title=Gujarat's brand new cabinet: Reasons why BJP opted for fresh faces |url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/news/india/gujarat-new-cabinet-ministers-fresh-faces-rajendra-trivedi-jitu-vaghani-rushikesh-patel-profiles-734373 |access-date=2022-10-12 |website=www.indiatvnews.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-09-16 |title=BJP's Brand New Gujarat Cabinet Prefectly Dissolves the Caste and Regional Divide |url=https://www.news18.com/news/politics/bjps-brand-new-gujarat-cabinet-prefectly-dissolves-the-caste-and-regional-divide-4210643.html |access-date=2022-10-12 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |author=Vijaysinh Parmar|date=Jun 28, 2012 |title=Fisheries minister Parshottam Solanki faces heat from his own Koli community {{!}} Rajkot News - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/rajkot/fisheries-minister-parshottam-solanki-faces-heat-from-his-own-koli-community/articleshow/14439775.cms |access-date=2022-10-12 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Gujarat: Nine first-time MLAs are new ministers">{{cite news |date=17 September 2021 |title=Gujarat: Nine first-time MLAs are new ministers |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ahmedabad/nine-first-time-mlas-are-new-ministers/articleshow/86274232.cms |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20251020112249/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ahmedabad/nine-first-time-mlas-are-new-ministers/articleshow/86274232.cms |archivedate=20 October 2025 |accessdate=20 October 2025 |publisher=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Makwana, Raghavbhai}}
[[Category:1970 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Gujarat MLAs 2022–2027]]

Nala Assembly constituency

2026-04-19T19:18:11Z

Vivekparulekar: Put up some stub from scratch...

{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Nala
| type = SLA
| state = Jharkhand
| established = 2000
| abolished =
| electors = 2,23,179
| mla = [[Rabindra Nath Mahato]]
| party = {{Party index link|Jharkhand Mukti Morcha}}
| alliance = {{Party index link|Mahagathbandhan (Jharkhand)}}
| constituency_no = 8
| latest_election_year = [[2024 Jharkhand Legislative Assembly election|2024]]
| district = [[Jamtara district|Jamtara]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Dumka Lok Sabha constituency|Dumka]]
| reservation = None
| incumbent_image = Rabindra Nath Mahato.jpg
| map_image = Nala constituency map.svg
}}

'''Nala Assembly constituency''' is an [[Vidhan Sabha|assembly]] constituency in the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[Jharkhand]].<ref name=jhceo>{{cite web |url=http://164.100.150.3/ceoweb_bk/ACPCList.htm |title=AC & PC List- Jharkhand |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191218152343/http://164.100.150.3/ceoweb_bk/ACPCList.htm |archive-date=18 December 2019}}</ref>

==Overview==
Nala Assembly constituency covers: Nala and Kundahit Police Stations<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://jamtara.nic.in/public-utility/kundhit-police-station/|title = Kundhit Police Station | District Jamtara, Government of Jharkhand | India}}</ref> in Jamtara district.<ref name=delimitation>{{cite web|url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/CurrentElections/CONSOLIDATED_ORDER%20_ECI%20.pdf |title = Schedule – XIII of Constituencies Order, 2008 of Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly constituencies Order, 2008 of the Election Commission of India|publisher = Election Commission of India|access-date = 26 January 2016 }}</ref>
There are 242 towns and villages in Nala Block of Jamtara district, Jharkhand.

Nala Assembly constituency is part of [[Dumka (Lok Sabha constituency)]].

== Members of Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Election
! Member
! colspan=2|Party
|-
! colspan=4| [[Bihar Legislative Assembly]]
|-
| colspan="4" |{{center|''Before 1967: Constituency did not exist''}}
|-
| [[1967 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1967]] ||rowspan=6|Bisheswar Khan || {{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India|rowspan=6}}
|-
| [[1969 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1969]]
|-
| [[1972 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1972]]
|-
| [[1977 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1977]]
|-
| [[1980 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1980]]
|-
| [[1985 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1985]]
|-
| [[1990 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1990]] ||Rajkumari Himmatsinghka || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[1995 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1995]] ||rowspan=2|Bisheswar Khan || {{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[2000 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|2000]]
|-
! colspan=4| [[Jharkhand Legislative Assembly]]
|-
| [[2005 Jharkhand Legislative Assembly election|2005]] || [[Rabindra Nath Mahato]] || {{Full party name with color|Jharkhand Mukti Morcha}}
|-
| [[2009 Jharkhand Legislative Assembly election|2009]] || Satyanand Jha || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| [[2014 Jharkhand Legislative Assembly election|2014]] || rowspan=3 | [[Rabindra Nath Mahato]] || {{Full party name with color|Jharkhand Mukti Morcha|rowspan=3}}
|-
| [[2019 Jharkhand Legislative Assembly election|2019]]
|-
|[[2024 Jharkhand Legislative Assembly election|2024]]
|-
|}

== Election results ==
===Assembly election 2024===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2024 Jharkhand Legislative Assembly election]]: Nala<ref>{{cite news |last1=Election Commission of India |title=Jharkhand Assembly Election Results 2024 - Seats won by JMM |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenNov2024/partywisewinresult-852S27.htm |access-date=24 November 2024 |date=24 November 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241124045445/https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenNov2024/partywisewinresult-852S27.htm |archive-date=24 November 2024}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Rabindra Nath Mahato]] |party=Jharkhand Mukti Morcha |votes=92,702 |percentage=47.09% |change={{increase}}12.12 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Madhav Chandra Mahato |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=82,219 |percentage=41.76% |change={{increase}}8.80 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Kanai Chandra Malpaharia |party=Communist Party of India |votes=6,111 |percentage=3.10% |change={{decrease}}9.09 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Santosh Hembram |party=Independent politician |votes=4,371 |percentage=2.22% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Shanti Gopal Mahato |party=Independent politician |votes=3,078 |percentage=1.56% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Sujit Kumar Sarkar |party=Independent politician |votes=1,494 |percentage=0.76% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Raghubir Yadav |party=Jharkhand Loktantrik Krantikari Morcha |votes=1,174 |percentage=0.60% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=None of the Above |party=None of the above |votes=1,626 |percentage=0.83% |change={{increase}}0.48 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=10,483 |percentage=5.32% |change= {{increase}}3.32 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=1,96,876 |percentage=81.13% |change= {{increase}}2.51 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 2,42,669 |ref = |change= {{increase}}8.73 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Jharkhand Mukti Morcha |loser=Jharkhand Mukti Morcha |swing= {{increase}}12.12 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly election 2019===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2019 Jharkhand Legislative Assembly election]]: Nala<ref>{{cite web |url=https://eci.gov.in/files/file/11813-jharkhand-legislative-assembly-election-2019/ |title=Jharkhand Legislative Assembly Election, 2019 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=9 February 2022 |date=6 February 2020}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Rabindra Nath Mahato]] |party=Jharkhand Mukti Morcha |votes=61,356 |percentage=34.97% |change={{increase}}1.28 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Satyanand Jha |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=57,836 |percentage=32.96% |change={{increase}}3.48 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Kanai Chandra Malpaharia |party=Communist Party of India |votes=21,394 |percentage=12.19% |change={{increase}}0.54 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Madhav Chandra Mahto |party=All Jharkhand Students Union |votes=16,778 |percentage=9.56% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Pushpa Soren |party=Jharkhand Vikas Morcha (Prajatantrik) |votes=2,592 |percentage=1.48% |change={{decrease}}11.11 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Amit Kumar Chalak |party=Lok Janshakti Party |votes=2,020 |percentage=1.15% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Santosh Hembram |party=Independent politician |votes=1,769 |percentage=1.01% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=None of the Above |party=None of the above |votes=601 |percentage=0.34% |change={{decrease}}0.25 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=3,520 |percentage=2.01% |change= {{decrease}}2.20 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=1,75,462 |percentage=78.62% |change= {{decrease}}2.00 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 2,23,179 |ref = |change= {{increase}}8.00 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Jharkhand Mukti Morcha |loser=Jharkhand Mukti Morcha |swing= {{increase}}1.28 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 2014===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2014 Jharkhand Legislative Assembly election]]: Nala<ref>{{cite web |url=https://eci.gov.in/files/file/3787-jharkhand-2014/ |title=Jharkhand General Legislative Election 2014 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=13 October 2021}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Rabindra Nath Mahato]] |party=Jharkhand Mukti Morcha |votes=56,131 |percentage=33.69% |change={{increase}}5.56 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Satyanand Jha |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=49,116 |percentage=29.48% |change={{decrease}}1.90 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Madhav Chandra Mahto |party=Jharkhand Vikas Morcha (Prajatantrik) |votes=20,970 |percentage=12.59% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Kanai Chandra Malpaharia |party=Communist Party of India |votes=19,416 |percentage=11.65% |change={{decrease}}4.00 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Tapas Chatarjee |party=Independent politician |votes=3,388 |percentage=2.03% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Sushil Mohali |party=Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Liberation |votes=2,019 |percentage=1.21% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ashok Majee |party=Rashtriya Janata Dal |votes=1,865 |percentage=1.12% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=None of the Above |party=None of the above |votes=991 |percentage=0.59% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=7,015 |percentage=4.21% |change= {{increase}}0.96 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=1,66,601 |percentage=80.62% |change= {{increase}}14.20 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 2,06,648 |ref = |change= {{increase}}12.99 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Jharkhand Mukti Morcha |loser=Bharatiya Janata Party |swing= {{increase}}2.31 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 2009===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2009 Jharkhand Legislative Assembly election]]: Nala<ref>{{cite web |url=https://eci.gov.in/files/file/3786-jharkhand-2009/ |title=Jharkhand 2009 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |date=20 August 2018 |access-date= 23 May 2022}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Satyanand Jha |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=38,119 |percentage=31.38% |change={{increase}}2.47 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Rabindra Nath Mahato]] |party=Jharkhand Mukti Morcha |votes=34,171 |percentage=28.13% |change={{decrease}}1.87 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Kanai Chandra Malpaharia |party=Communist Party of India |votes=19,014 |percentage=15.65% |change={{decrease}}8.17 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Amita Rakshit |party=Indian National Congress |votes=10,048 |percentage=8.27% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Praveen Prabhakar |party=All Jharkhand Students Union |votes=2,475 |percentage=2.04% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Gour Chandra Yadav |party=Independent politician |votes=2,246 |percentage=1.85% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Milan Kumar Ghoshol |party=All India Trinamool Congress |votes=1,837 |percentage=1.51% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=3,948 |percentage=3.25% |change= {{increase}}2.16 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=1,21,478 |percentage=66.42% |change= {{increase}}9.19 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,82,885 |ref = |change= {{increase}}1.80 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Bharatiya Janata Party |loser=Jharkhand Mukti Morcha |swing= {{increase}}1.38 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 2005===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2005 Jharkhand Legislative Assembly election]]: Nala<ref>{{cite web |url=https://eci.gov.in/files/file/3785-jharkhand-2005/ |title=Jharkhand General Legislative Election 2005 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=13 October 2021}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Rabindra Nath Mahato]] |party=Jharkhand Mukti Morcha |votes=30,847 |percentage=30.00% |change={{increase}}7.43 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Satyanand Jha |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=29,725 |percentage=28.91% |change={{increase}}10.17 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Bisheswar Khan |party=Communist Party of India |votes=24,493 |percentage=23.82% |change={{increase}}0.52 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Sunil Kumar Roy |party=Independent politician |votes=2,916 |percentage=2.84% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Praveen Prabhakar |party=Independent politician |votes=2,866 |percentage=2.79% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Anjana Ghosh |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=1,656 |percentage=1.61% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Digumber Pd. Sah |party=Jharkhand Vikas Dal |votes=1,597 |percentage=1.55% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=1,122 |percentage=1.09% |change= {{increase}}0.36 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=1,02,827 |percentage=57.24% |change= {{increase}}3.72 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,79,650 |ref = |change= {{increase}}10.22 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Jharkhand Mukti Morcha |loser=Communist Party of India |swing= {{increase}}6.70 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 2000===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2000 Bihar Legislative Assembly election]]: Nala<ref>{{cite web|url = https://ceobihar.nic.in/BiharElection/Statistical%20Report/2000.pdf |title = Statistical Report on General Election, 2000 to the Legislative Assembly of Bihar|access-date = 16 January 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231005142035/https://ceobihar.nic.in/BiharElection/Statistical%20Report/2000.pdf |archive-date= 5 October 2023 |website=ceobihar.nic.in |publisher=Chief Electoral Officer, Bihar}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Bisheswar Khan |party=Communist Party of India |votes=20,324 |percentage=23.30% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Rabindra Nath Mahato]] |party=Jharkhand Mukti Morcha |votes=19,690 |percentage=22.57% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Raj Kumari Himmat Singhko |party=Indian National Congress |votes=17,752 |percentage=20.35% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Satyanand Jha |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=16,349 |percentage=18.74% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Shibadas Soren |party=Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Liberation |votes=4,372 |percentage=5.01% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Digumber Pd. Sah |party=Independent politician |votes=3,564 |percentage=4.09% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Bama Yadav |party=Janata Dal (United) |votes=2,302 |percentage=2.64% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=634 |percentage=0.73% |change= }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=87,230 |percentage=54.13% |change= }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,62,991 |ref = |change= }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner=Communist Party of India |loser= |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
*[[Nala block]]
*[[Kundhit block]]
*[[List of states of India by type of legislature]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Jharkhand}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Jharkhand]]
[[Category:Jamtara district]]
[[Category:Politics of Jharkhand]]
[[Category:2000 establishments in Jharkhand]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 2000]]

Chincholi Assembly constituency

2026-04-14T03:20:59Z

Vivekparulekar: Started stub.

{{Short description|Constituency of the Karnataka Legislative Assembly}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2020}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Chincholi
| type = SLA
| reservation = SC
| mla = [[Avinash Umesh Jadhav]]
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party, Karnataka|Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| latest_election_year = 2019
| preceded_by = [[Umesh. G. Jadhav]]
| constituency_no = 42
| map_image = 42-Chincholi constituency.svg
| state = [[Karnataka]]
| district = [[Kalaburagi district|Kalaburagi]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Bidar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bidar]]
| established = 1951
| electors = {{formatnum:203600}}<ref name=election2023>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/15163-karnataka-2023/ |title=Karnataka Legislative Assembly Election - 2023 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |website=eci.gov.in |access-date=24 July 2023}}</ref>{{update after|2028|7}}
}}

'''Chincholi Assembly constituency''' is one of the 224 assembly constituencies of [[Karnataka]], a southern state of [[India]]. This constituency falls under [[Bidar Lok Sabha constituency]].<ref>[http://www.elections.in/karnataka/assembly-constituencies/chincholi.html Sitting and previous MLAs from Chincholi Assembly constituency) Assembly constituency Elections]</ref><ref>[http://legislative.gov.in/sites/default/files/09_Delimitation%20act%2C%202002.pdf THE DELIMITATION ACT, 2002]</ref>

==Members of the Legislative Assembly==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Election
! Member
! colspan=2|Party
|-
| bgcolor="#BB8ED0" | [[1952 Hyderabad State Legislative Assembly election|1952]] || Ramchari. G || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=6}}
|-
| bgcolor="#BB8ED0" | [[1952 elections in India#Hyderabad|1952 By-election]] || Shankerappa
|-
| bgcolor="#FFF58A" | [[1957 Mysore State Legislative Assembly election|1957]] || rowspan="2" | [[Veerendra Patil]]
|-
| bgcolor="#FFF58A" | [[1962 Mysore State Legislative Assembly election|1962]]
|-
| bgcolor="#FFF58A" | [[1967 Mysore State Legislative Assembly election|1967]] || V. P. Basappa
|-
| bgcolor="#FFF58A" | [[1972 Mysore State Legislative Assembly election|1972]] || rowspan="3" | [[Devendrappa Ghalappa Jamadar]]
|-
| [[1978 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|1978]] || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress (I)}}
|-
| [[1983 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|1983]] || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=3}}
|-
| [[1985 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|1985]] || Veerayya Swami Mahalingayya
|-
| [[1989 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|1989]] || [[Veerendra Patil]]
|-
| [[1994 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|1994]] || [[Vaijnath Patil]] || {{Full party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|-
| [[1999 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|1999]] || Kailashnath Patil || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[2004 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|2004]] || [[Vaijnath Patil]] || {{Full party name with color|Janata Dal (Secular)}}
|-
| [[2008 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|2008]] || [[Sunil Vallyapure]] || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| [[2013 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|2013]] || rowspan="2" | [[Umesh. G. Jadhav|Dr. Umesh. G. Jadhav]] || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[2018 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|2018]]
|-
| [[2019 elections in India#Karnataka|2019 By-election]] {{efn|Resigned on 01/04/2019}} || [[Avinash Umesh Jadhav|dr. Avinash Umesh Jadhav] || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[2023 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|2023]] || [[Avinash Umesh Jadhav|Dr. Avinash Umesh Jadhav]]
|}
{{notelist}}

==Election results==
=== Assembly Election 2023 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[2023 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Chincholi <ref name=election2023/><ref name="Karnataka Assembly Elections 2023: Chincholi">{{cite news |title=Karnataka Assembly Elections 2023: Chincholi |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenMay2023/ConstituencywiseS1042.htm?ac=42 |access-date=22 March 2025 |publisher=Election Commission of India |date=13 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250322103642/https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenMay2023/ConstituencywiseS1042.htm?ac=42 |archive-date=22 March 2025}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[Avinash Umesh Jadhav|Dr. Avinash Umesh Jadhav]] |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 69,963 |percentage = 46.66% |change = {{decrease}}3.79 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Subhash V. Rathod |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 69,105 |percentage = 46.09% |change = {{increase}}1.51 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Sanjeevan Yakapur |party = Janata Dal (Secular) |votes = 6,555 |percentage = 4.37% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Goutam |party = Bahujan Samaj Party |votes = 1,078 |percentage = 0.72% |change = {{decrease}}0.65 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = None of the above |party = None of the above |votes = 1,003 |percentage = 0.67% |change = {{increase}}0.37 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 858 |percentage = 0.57% |change = {{decrease}}5.29 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 150,090 |percentage = 73.72% |change = {{increase}}2.89 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 149,940}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 203,600 |ref = |change = {{increase}}4.97 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Bharatiya Janata Party |swing = {{decrease}}3.79 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly By-election 2019 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[2019 elections in India#Karnataka|2019 Karnataka Legislative Assembly by-election]] : Chincholi <ref>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/statistical-report/detailed-bye-election-results/ |title=Bye-Election Results - Election Commission of India |access-date=21 December 2025 |website=old.eci.gov.in |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] }}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[Avinash Umesh Jadhav|dr. Avinash Umesh Jadhav] |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 69,109 |percentage = 50.45% |change = {{increase}}9.33 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Subhash V. Rathod |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 61,079 |percentage = 44.58% |change = {{decrease}}10.99 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Goutam Bomnalli |party = Bahujan Samaj Party |votes = 1,873 |percentage = 1.37% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Hanumantha Rama Naik. M. B |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,268 |percentage = 0.93% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = None of the above |party = None of the above |votes = 416 |percentage = 0.30% |change = {{decrease}}0.51 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 8,030 |percentage = 5.86% |change = {{decrease}}8.59 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 137,386 |percentage = 70.83% |change = {{increase}}2.05 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 136,995}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 193,956 |ref = |change = {{increase}}0.16 }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Bharatiya Janata Party |loser = Indian National Congress |swing = {{decrease}}5.12 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 2018 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[2018 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Chincholi }}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[Umesh. G. Jadhav|Dr. Umesh. G. Jadhav]] |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 73,905 |percentage = 55.57% |change = {{increase}}8.09 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = [[Sunil Vallyapure]] |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 54,693 |percentage = 41.12% |change = {{increase}}31.13 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Sushilabai B. Korvi |party = Janata Dal (Secular) |votes = 1,621 |percentage = 1.22% |change = {{increase}}0.23 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = None of the above |party = None of the above |votes = 1,082 |percentage = 0.81% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 19,212 |percentage = 14.45% |change = {{decrease}}6.67 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 133,188 |percentage = 68.78% |change = {{increase}}1.85 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 132,998}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 193,648 |ref = |change = {{increase}}14.36 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |swing = {{increase}}8.09 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 2013 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[2013 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Chincholi <ref>{{cite web |title=Statistical Report on General Election, 2013 : To the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/AE2013/StatReports2013.pdf |website=eci.nic.in |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=2014-04-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131220034253/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/AE2013/StatReports2013.pdf |archive-date=2013-12-20 |url-status=dead}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[Umesh. G. Jadhav|Dr. Umesh. G. Jadhav]] |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 58,599 |percentage = 47.48% |change = {{increase}}13.58 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = [[Sunil Vallyapure]] |party = Karnataka Janata Paksha |votes = 32,539 |percentage = 26.36% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Ramesh Yakapur |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 12,333 |percentage = 9.99% |change = {{decrease}}32.11 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Sunil Mothilal |party = Independent politician |votes = 3,081 |percentage = 2.50% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Goutam Bomnalli |party = Bahujan Samaj Party |votes = 1,374 |percentage = 1.11% |change = {{decrease}}2.92 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Sandeep Chawan |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,288 |percentage = 1.04% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Mallikarjun Gajre |party = Janata Dal (Secular) |votes = 1,218 |percentage = 0.99% |change = {{decrease}}8.39 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 26,060 |percentage = 21.12% |change = {{increase}}12.92 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 113,341 |percentage = 66.93% |change = {{increase}}12.89 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 123,418}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 169,337 |ref = |change = {{increase}}8.51 }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Indian National Congress |loser = Bharatiya Janata Party |swing = {{increase}}5.38 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 2008 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[2008 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Chincholi <ref>{{cite web |title=General Election Karnataka Legislative Assembly 2008 Election Statistics |url=https://www.ceokarnataka.kar.nic.in/PDFS/Previous%20Elections/Election%20Statistics%202008%20Final.pdf |publisher=Government of Karnataka |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210201232433/https://www.ceokarnataka.kar.nic.in/PDFS/Previous%20Elections/Election%20Statistics%202008%20Final.pdf |archive-date=1 February 2021 |url-status=dead}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[Sunil Vallyapure]] |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 35,491 |percentage = 42.10% |change = {{increase}}22.89 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Baburao Chauhan |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 28,580 |percentage = 33.90% |change = {{increase}}0.36 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Gopalrao Kattimani |party = Janata Dal (Secular) |votes = 7,909 |percentage = 9.38% |change = {{decrease}}29.69 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Shankar Bayya |party = Bahujan Samaj Party |votes = 3,395 |percentage = 4.03% |change = {{increase}}2.41 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Mallikarjun Gajre |party = Independent politician |votes = 2,834 |percentage = 3.36% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Shivukumar Kollur |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,981 |percentage = 2.35% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = S. H. Hosamani |party = Samajwadi Party |votes = 1,184 |percentage = 1.40% |change = {{increase}}0.52 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Manik |party = Independent politician |votes = 871 |percentage = 1.03% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Basvaraj Anwarkar |party = Independent politician |votes = 608 |percentage = 0.72% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 6,911 |percentage = 8.20% |change = {{increase}}2.68 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 84,335 |percentage = 54.04% |change = {{decrease}}5.28 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 84,295}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 156,050 |ref = |change = {{decrease}}0.16 }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Bharatiya Janata Party |loser = Janata Dal (Secular) |swing = {{increase}}3.03 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 2004 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[2004 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Chincholi <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 2004 to the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2004/StatisticalReports_KT_2004.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006204912/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2004/StatisticalReports_KT_2004.pdf|archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[Vaijnath Patil]] |party = Janata Dal (Secular) |votes = 36,184 |percentage = 39.07% |change = {{increase}}18.82 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Kailashnath Patil |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 31,067 |percentage = 33.54% |change = {{decrease}}18.84 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Veerayya Swami. M |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 17,794 |percentage = 19.21% |change = {{decrease}}0.03 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Dr. Omnath Rathod |party = Janata Party |votes = 1,972 |percentage = 2.13% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Basvaraj Anwarkar |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,672 |percentage = 1.81% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Dr. Shivakumar Swamy |party = Bahujan Samaj Party |votes = 1,497 |percentage = 1.62% |change = {{increase}}0.73 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Jagnnath Reddy Mali Patil |party = Kannada Nadu Party |votes = 834 |percentage = 0.90% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = R. R. Patil |party = Samajwadi Party |votes = 818 |percentage = 0.88% |change = {{decrease}}1.62 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Amjad Ali S/o Ahmed Patil |party = Independent politician |votes = 782 |percentage = 0.84% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 5,117 |percentage = 5.52% |change = {{decrease}}26.61 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 92,717 |percentage = 59.32% |change = {{decrease}}3.60 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 92,620}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 156,293 |ref = |change = {{increase}}13.51 }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Janata Dal (Secular) |loser = Indian National Congress |swing = {{decrease}}13.31 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1999 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1999 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Chincholi <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1999 to the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1999/StatisticalReport-KT99.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006053217/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1999/StatisticalReport-KT99.pdf|archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Kailashnath Patil |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 42,814 |percentage = 52.38% |change = {{increase}}31.14 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = [[Vaijnath Patil]] |party = Janata Dal (Secular) |votes = 16,551 |percentage = 20.25% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Shivasharnappa Japatti |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 15,724 |percentage = 19.24% |change = {{increase}}17.17 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Syed Mastan Ali |party = Independent politician |votes = 3,462 |percentage = 4.24% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = R. R. Patil |party = Samajwadi Party |votes = 2,047 |percentage = 2.50% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Dr. H. S. Shivpur |party = Bahujan Samaj Party |votes = 731 |percentage = 0.89% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 26,263 |percentage = 32.13% |change = {{decrease}}15.76 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 86,635 |percentage = 62.92% |change = {{decrease}}3.51 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 81,739}}
{{Election box rejected |votes = 4,896 |percentage = 5.65% |change = {{increase}}3.20 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 137,689 |ref = |change = {{increase}}9.41 }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Indian National Congress |loser = Janata Dal |swing = {{decrease}}16.75 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1994 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1994 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Chincholi <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1994 to the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1994/StatisticalReport-KT94.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006211324/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1994/StatisticalReport-KT94.pdf|archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[Vaijnath Patil]] |party = Janata Dal |votes = 56,373 |percentage = 69.13% |change = {{increase}}60.77 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Kailashnath Patil |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 17,320 |percentage = 21.24% |change = {{decrease}}19.74 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Jarnappa Chincholi |party = Karnataka Pradesh Congress Committee |votes = 4,549 |percentage = 5.58% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Subhas |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 1,688 |percentage = 2.07% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Jagadev. S. Anawarker |party = Republican Party of India |votes = 578 |percentage = 0.71% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 39,053 |percentage = 47.89% |change = {{increase}}45.07 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 83,597 |percentage = 66.43% |change = {{decrease}}0.63 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 81,552}}
{{Election box rejected |votes = 2,045 |percentage = 2.45% |change = {{decrease}}4.34 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 125,842 |ref = |change = {{increase}}8.29 }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Janata Dal |loser = Indian National Congress |swing = {{increase}}28.15 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1989 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1989 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Chincholi <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1989 to the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1989/Statistical%20Report%20karnataka%201989.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101007070737/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1989/Statistical%20Report%20karnataka%201989.pdf|archive-date=7 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[Veerendra Patil]] |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 29,762 |percentage = 40.98% |change = {{decrease}}5.34 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = [[Vaijnath Patil]] |party = Janata Party |votes = 27,717 |percentage = 38.16% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Kishan |party = Independent politician |votes = 7,303 |percentage = 10.06% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Bassayya |party = Janata Dal |votes = 6,072 |percentage = 8.36% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Bhimanna |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,286 |percentage = 1.77% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 2,045 |percentage = 2.82% |change = {{decrease}}0.68 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 77,923 |percentage = 67.06% |change = {{increase}}18.79 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 72,629}}
{{Election box rejected |votes = 5,294 |percentage = 6.79% |change = {{increase}}4.75 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 116,207 |ref = |change = {{increase}}24.86 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |swing = {{decrease}}5.34 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1985 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1985 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Chincholi <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1985 to the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1985/Statistical%20Report%20Karnataka%201985.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006143216/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1985/Statistical%20Report%20Karnataka%201985.pdf |archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Veerayya Swami Mahalingayya |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 20,387 |percentage = 46.32% |change = {{increase}}7.67 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Chander Rao Patil |party = Janata Party |votes = 18,847 |percentage = 42.82% |change = {{increase}}4.35 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = B. N. Patil |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 1,482 |percentage = 3.37% |change = {{decrease}}0.81 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Shamrao Ramteerth |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,090 |percentage = 2.48% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Shantappa Narasappa |party = Independent politician |votes = 607 |percentage = 1.38% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = K. Basireddy Tippareddy Patil |party = Independent politician |votes = 583 |percentage = 1.32% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Kailas Nagappa |party = Independent politician |votes = 314 |percentage = 0.71% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 1,540 |percentage = 3.50% |change = {{increase}}3.33 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 44,925 |percentage = 48.27% |change = {{decrease}}12.80 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 44,010}}
{{Election box rejected |votes = 915 |percentage = 2.04% |change = {{decrease}}1.25 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 93,067 |ref = |change = {{increase}}8.86 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |swing = {{increase}}7.67 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1983 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1983 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Chincholi <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1983 to the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1983/Statistical%20Report%201983%20karnatkaa.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101007124742/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1983/Statistical%20Report%201983%20karnatkaa.pdf |archive-date=7 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[Devendrappa Ghalappa Jamadar]] |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 19,513 |percentage = 38.65% |change = {{increase}}30.46 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Vaijnath Sangappa Patil |party = Janata Party |votes = 19,425 |percentage = 38.47% |change = {{decrease}}0.30 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Abdul Rasid. M. Abdul Karimsab |party = Independent politician |votes = 5,937 |percentage = 11.76% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Shivaram Naik Govind Naik |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 2,109 |percentage = 4.18% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Baswaraj Sangappa Kanakeri |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,131 |percentage = 2.24% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Baswaraj Revansiddappa |party = Independent politician |votes = 942 |percentage = 1.87% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Kalyanappa Gundappa Patil |party = Independent politician |votes = 862 |percentage = 1.71% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Sham Sunder Mooli |party = Independent politician |votes = 573 |percentage = 1.13% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 88 |percentage = 0.17% |change = {{decrease}}12.66 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 52,211 |percentage = 61.07% |change = {{decrease}}6.48 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 50,492}}
{{Election box rejected |votes = 1,719 |percentage = 3.29% |change = {{decrease}}0.29 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 85,493 |ref = |change = {{increase}}10.65 }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Indian National Congress |loser = Indian National Congress (I) |swing = {{decrease}}12.94 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1978 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1978 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Chincholi <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1978 to the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1978/Statistical%20Report%20Karnataka%201978.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101007164123/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1978/Statistical%20Report%20Karnataka%201978.pdf |archive-date=7 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[Devendrappa Ghalappa Jamadar]] |party = Indian National Congress (I) |votes = 25,963 |percentage = 51.59% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Vaijnath Patil Sangappa Patil |party = Janata Party |votes = 19,508 |percentage = 38.77% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Veerareddy Seri |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 4,123 |percentage = 8.19% |change = {{decrease}}51.33 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Shankarappa Shivpure |party = Independent politician |votes = 727 |percentage = 1.44% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 6,455 |percentage = 12.83% |change = {{decrease}}9.26 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 52,192 |percentage = 67.55% |change = {{increase}}11.75 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 50,321}}
{{Election box rejected |votes = 1,871 |percentage = 3.58% |change = {{increase}}3.58 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 77,266 |ref = |change = {{increase}}2.23 }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Indian National Congress (I) |loser = Indian National Congress |swing = {{decrease}}7.93 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1972 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1972 Mysore State Legislative Assembly election]] : Chincholi <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1972 to the Legislative Assembly of Mysore |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/StatisRep_Mysore_72.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006074555/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/StatisRep_Mysore_72.pdf |archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[Devendrappa Ghalappa Jamadar]] |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 24,364 |percentage = 59.52% |change = {{decrease}}28.46 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = C. P. Baswantrao Patil |party = Indian National Congress (Organisation) |votes = 15,322 |percentage = 37.43% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = V. Bassappa Imdapur |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,247 |percentage = 3.05% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 9,042 |percentage = 22.09% |change = {{decrease}}55.64 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 42,177 |percentage = 55.80% |change = {{decrease}}3.83 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 40,933}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 75,584 |ref = |change = {{increase}}21.52 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |swing = {{decrease}}28.46 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1967 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1967 Mysore State Legislative Assembly election]] : Chincholi <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1967 to the Legislative Assembly of Mysore |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Mysore%201967.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006083645/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Mysore%201967.pdf |archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = V. P. Basappa |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 31,030 |percentage = 87.98% |change = {{increase}}31.58 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = R. R. J. Rao |party = Swatantra Party |votes = 3,617 |percentage = 10.26% |change = {{decrease}}33.34 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = S. Sharnappa |party = Independent politician |votes = 621 |percentage = 1.76% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 27,413 |percentage = 77.73% |change = {{increase}}64.94 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 37,091 |percentage = 59.63% |change = {{increase}}13.21 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 35,268}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 62,199 |ref = |change = {{increase}}17.40 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |swing = {{increase}}31.58 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1962 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1962 Mysore State Legislative Assembly election]] : Chincholi <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1962 to the Legislative Assembly of Mysore |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_Mysore_1962.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006093153/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_Mysore_1962.pdf |archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[Veerendra Patil]] |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 13,391 |percentage = 56.40% |change = {{decrease}}3.86 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Sharangowda Sidramayya |party = Swatantra Party |votes = 10,353 |percentage = 43.60% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 3,038 |percentage = 12.79% |change = {{decrease}}7.73 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 24,591 |percentage = 46.42% |change = {{increase}}14.42 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 23,744}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 52,980 |ref = |change = {{increase}}7.09 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |swing = {{decrease}}3.86 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1957 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1957 Mysore State Legislative Assembly election]] : Chincholi <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1957 to the Legislative Assembly of Mysore |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1957/StatRep_Mysore_1957.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120111195053/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1957/StatRep_Mysore_1957.pdf |archive-date=11 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[Veerendra Patil]] |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 9,539 |percentage = 60.26% |change = {{decrease}}12.70 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Saibanna Narsappa |party = Independent politician |votes = 6,291 |percentage = 39.74% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 3,248 |percentage = 20.52% |change = {{decrease}}33.70 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 15,830 |percentage = 32.00% |change = }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 15,830}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 49,473 |ref = |change = }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |swing = {{decrease}}12.70 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly By-election 1952 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1952 elections in India#Hyderabad|1952 Hyderabad State Legislative Assembly by-election]] : Chincholi <ref>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/2511-details-of-bye-elections-from-1952-to-1995/ |title=Details of Bye Elections from 1952 to 1995 |access-date=21 December 2025 |website=old.eci.gov.in |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] }}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Shankerappa |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 11,871 |percentage = 72.96% |change = {{increase}}13.90 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = V. Rao |party = People's Democratic Front (Hyderabad) |votes = 3,050 |percentage = 18.75% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = G. Shankar |party = Praja Socialist Party |votes = 1,349 |percentage = 8.29% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 8,821 |percentage = 54.22% |change = {{increase}}33.26 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 16,270}}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |swing = {{increase}}13.90 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1952 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1952 Hyderabad State Legislative Assembly election]] : Chincholi <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1951 to the Legislative Assembly of Hyderabad |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1951/StatRep_51_HBD.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160606161433/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1951/StatRep_51_HBD.pdf|archive-date=6 June 2016|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Ramchari. G |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 7,603 |percentage = 59.06% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Hari Kishan |party = Republican Party of India |votes = 4,905 |percentage = 38.10% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Shankrappa |party = Independent politician |votes = 365 |percentage = 2.84% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 2,698 |percentage = 20.96% |change = }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 12,873 |percentage = 26.61% |change = }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 12,873}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 48,380 |ref = |change = }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner = Indian National Congress |swing = }}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
* [[Bidar (Lok Sabha constituency)]]
* [[Kalaburagi district]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Vidhan Sabha constituencies of Karnataka}}
{{coord|17.46|77.42|display=title}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Karnataka]]
[[Category:Kalaburagi district]]
[[Category:Politics of Karnataka]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1951]]
[[Category:1951 establishments in Mysore State]]

Jay Kalra

2026-03-31T03:54:48Z

Vivekparulekar: New new stub!

{{Short description|Canadian physician, clinical researcher and educator}}
{{Multiple issues|
{{BLP sources|date=October 2019}}
{{Resume-like|date=November 2025}}
}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2019}}
{{Infobox person
| honorific_prefix = [[Professor]]
| name = Jay Kalra
| honorific_suffix = {{postnominals|country=CAN|size=100%|FRCPC}}
| image =

| alt =
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| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| birth_name = Jawahar Kalra
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1949|4|2}}
| birth_place = Aligarh, India
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| alma_mater = {{unbulleted list| Aligarh Muslim University | All India Institute of Medical Sciences | Memorial University of Newfoundland | University of Ottawa}}
| occupation = {{unbulleted list| Physician | Professor of Pathology and Lab Medicine}}
| years_active =
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| organization = University of Saskatchewan
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| footnotes =
}}
'''Jawahar Kalra'''<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.saskhistory.ca/kalra-family-jawaharjay/ | title=KALRA Family, Jawahar(Jay) – Saskatchewan History Album | access-date=25 February 2023 | archive-date=25 February 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230225181437/https://www.saskhistory.ca/kalra-family-jawaharjay/ | url-status=live }}</ref> is a Canadian physician, clinical researcher and educator. Kalra is a professor at the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine at the [[University of Saskatchewan]], a Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada, the Canadian Academy of Clinical Biochemistry, the [[Canadian Academy of Health Sciences]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cahs-acss.ca/cahs-fellows/|title=CAHS Fellowship Nomination Information Webinar – Canadian Academy of Health Sciences | Académie canadienne des sciences de la santé|access-date=14 March 2019|archive-date=30 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190330221404/https://www.cahs-acss.ca/cahs-fellows/|url-status=live}}</ref> Life Fellow of the Royal Society of Medicine, UK and a Canadian Certified Physician Executive Leader (CCPE).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://joulecma.ca/learn/certification/ccpe-recipients-this-year|title=Access denied|access-date=14 March 2019|archive-date=30 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190330233115/https://joulecma.ca/learn/certification/ccpe-recipients-this-year|url-status=live}}</ref> Kalra served as a member of the Board of Governors<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.usask.ca/secretariat/governing-bodies/board-of-governors/profiles/jawahar-jay-kalra/index.php |title=- University of Saskatchewan |access-date=14 March 2019 |archive-date=30 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190330221320/https://www.usask.ca/secretariat/governing-bodies/board-of-governors/profiles/jawahar-jay-kalra/index.php |url-status=dead }}</ref> University of Saskatchewan and currently serves on the Board of Directors, Council of Canadian Academies (CCA).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://cca-reports.ca/|title=Council of Canadian Academies | CCA}}</ref>

== Early life and education==
{{BLP unreferenced section|date=November 2025}}
Born in [[Aligarh, India]], he began his post-secondary studies at the [[Aligarh Muslim University]] earning a BSc in Chemistry and Biology in 1967 followed by his MSc in biochemistry in 1969. He joined [[All India Institute of Medical Sciences]] as a junior research fellow in Biochemistry in 1969. He continued his studies at [[Memorial University]] in [[Newfoundland]] earning a MSc degree in 1972, a PhD in 1976, and his MD in 1981. He did residency training at the [[University of Ottawa]] and was the senior resident in the Departments of Medicine and Laboratory Medicine at Ottawa Civic and [[Ottawa General Hospital]]s.

==Career==
Kalra is a Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada, the Canadian Academy of Clinical Biochemistry, Founding Fellow of the Canadian Academy of Health Sciences, a Life Fellow of the Royal Society of Medicine, UK,<ref>{{cite web | url=https://cca-reports.ca/board-member/jawahar-jay-kalra-md-fcahs/ | title=Jawahar (Jay) Kalra, MD, FCAHS | access-date=25 February 2023 | archive-date=25 February 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230225180310/https://cca-reports.ca/board-member/jawahar-jay-kalra-md-fcahs/ | url-status=live }}</ref> and a Canadian Certified Physician Executive (CCPE).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://physicianleaders.ca/2018recipients.html|title=2018recipients|access-date=11 June 2021|archive-date=11 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210611201409/https://physicianleaders.ca/2018recipients.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

In 1985 he accepted a position with the Department of Pathology at the University of Saskatchewan and [[Royal University Hospital]].

Kalra served as the Head of the Department of Pathology in the College of Medicine (1991-2000) and Head of the Department of Laboratory Medicine for the Saskatoon Health Region (1994-2000). Kalra has served as national president of numerous medical associations and scientific societies including the Canadian Association of Medical Biochemists (1993–95), Intersociety Council of Laboratory Medicine (1994–96), Canadian Chairs of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (1995-2000), Canadian Association of Pathologists (1999-2000), and of the American College of Angiology (2004). He was a founding member (1991) and Director (1998-2000) of the Saskatchewan Stroke Research Centre.<ref name="auto">{{Cite web|url=https://medicine.usask.ca/profiles/pathology-and-laboratory-medicine/jawahar-jay-kalra.php#ResearchAreas|title=Jawahar (Jay) Kalra - College of Medicine - Medicine | University of Saskatchewan|access-date=14 March 2019|archive-date=30 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190330221518/https://medicine.usask.ca/profiles/pathology-and-laboratory-medicine/jawahar-jay-kalra.php#ResearchAreas|url-status=live}}</ref> He has served on various committees of the College of Medicine and the University of Saskatchewan including Chair of University Planning and Priority Committee (2008–10) and the Chair of the University of Saskatchewan Representative Council (2011–16).<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.usask.ca/secretariat/governing-bodies/council/council-chairs.php |title=University Council Chairs - University of Saskatchewan |access-date=14 March 2019 |archive-date=30 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190330221600/http://www.usask.ca/secretariat/governing-bodies/council/council-chairs.php |url-status=dead }}</ref> He has also served on the board of directors of the Canadian Academy of Health Sciences (CAHS), as a member of the Council on Health Policy and Economics, [[Canadian Medical Association]] (CMA), the Legislative Committee, Saskatchewan Medical Association (SMA) and as a council member of the Canadian Society for Clinical Investigation (CSCI). Kalra currently serves as member of the Representative Assembly (RA), and member of the Legislation and Policy Committee (LPC) of the SMA.

Kalra is a leader and community builder in Saskatoon Folkfest,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.saskatoonfolkfest.com/presidents-message/|title=President's Message|access-date=14 March 2019|archive-date=30 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190330233059/https://www.saskatoonfolkfest.com/presidents-message/|url-status=live}}</ref> Multicultural Council of Saskatchewan, Hindu Society (Hindu Temple) of Saskatchewan, Saskatchewan Intercultural Association (SIA), Rotary Clubs in Saskatoon, Heart and Stroke Foundation of Saskatchewan, Literacy Foundation and the Canadian National Institute for the Blind (CNIB).{{citation needed|date=November 2025}} Kalra has worked in building the social, cultural, intercultural understanding and strengthening the fabric of multiculturalism in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan and beyond. He has been called a “Cultural and Diversity Ambassador”.<ref name="auto1">{{Cite web |url=http://www.aplaceformom.com/blog/8-12-15-canadians-over-60 |title=60 Canadians over 60 |access-date=14 March 2019 |archive-date=31 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190331042704/https://www.aplaceformom.com/blog/8-12-15-canadians-over-60/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>

==Research==
Kalra's research focuses on establishing the best practices and guidelines for quality care and patient safety, medical error <ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.ihi.org/resources/Pages/Publications/ErrorinMedicine.aspx | title=Error in medicine | IHI - Institute for Healthcare Improvement | access-date=25 February 2023 | archive-date=25 February 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230225182602/https://www.ihi.org/resources/Pages/Publications/ErrorinMedicine.aspx | url-status=dead }}</ref> and disclosure policy, total quality management<ref>[[Total quality management]]</ref> programs, artificial intelligence, and laboratory utilization in health care.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://medicine.usask.ca/profiles/pathology-and-laboratory-medicine/jawahar-jay-kalra.php#About | title=Jawahar (Jay) Kalra - College of Medicine - Medicine | University of Saskatchewan | access-date=25 February 2023 | archive-date=25 February 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230225180453/https://medicine.usask.ca/profiles/pathology-and-laboratory-medicine/jawahar-jay-kalra.php#About | url-status=live }}</ref> Kalra is author of a book entitled “Medical Errors and Patient Safety – Strategies to Reduce and Disclose Medical Errors and Improve Patient Safety.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://www.amazon.com/Medical-Errors-Patient-Safety-Strategies-ebook/dp/B00EOMZ73A|title = Medical Errors and Patient Safety: Strategies to reduce and disclose medical errors and improve patient safety|date = 26 May 2011|publisher = De Gruyter}}</ref>” He has been a champion in establishing a non-punitive “no-fault model” to address clinical/medical errors, and in developing educational programs and clinical guidelines reflecting [[evidence-based medicine]]. Kalra is also actively involved in the field of Artificial Intelligence and its implications in healthcare, laboratory medicine, and quality improvement. Kalra has received several research grants and has published more than 120 peer reviewed articles and 250 research abstracts.

In November 2017, Kalra co‑authored a book review in ''The Lancet'' about the book ''Better Now: Six Big Ideas to Improve Health Care for All Canadians''. In February 2019, ''The Lancet'' retracted the review, stating that “substantial passages… match parts of a review of the same book by André Picard published in January 2017”.<ref>{{cite web |title=Retraction: Book review: Better Now: Six Big Ideas to Improve Health Care for All Canadians |url=https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(19)31154-7/fulltext
|website=The Lancet |date=2019 |access-date=2025-11-03}}</ref> Earlier drafts had cited Picard’s review, but later versions omitted the citation while leaving similar text.<ref>{{cite web |title=Lancet Retracts Book Review Over Text Overlap |url=https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/913498
|website=Medscape |date=2019 |access-date=2025-11-03}}</ref><ref name="medscape.com">{{cite web |title=Lancet Retracts Commissioned Book Review for Overlapping Text |url=https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/914130?form=fpf
|website=Medscape |date=2019 |access-date=2025-11-03}}</ref> The University of Saskatchewan stated it “takes this issue extremely seriously” and launched an initial review under its Responsible Conduct of Research policy to determine whether a formal hearing was required.<ref name="medscape.com"/>

==Honours==
* Saskatchewan Health Research Foundation Achievement Award in Clinical Research, 2005<ref name="auto"/>
* [[Queen Elizabeth II Diamond Jubilee Medal]], 2012<ref>{{cite web |url=http://issuu.com/lorikluge/docs/bridges_09042013 |title=Bridges - September 4, 2013 by Lori Kluge |publisher=ISSUU |date=2013-09-04 |accessdate=2015-10-12 |archive-date=21 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160321104439/https://issuu.com/lorikluge/docs/bridges_09042013 |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Canadian Association for Medical Education (CAME/ACEM) Certificate of Merit Award for Outstanding Contributions to Medical Education, 2012<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.came-acem.ca/docs/awards/2012_Certificateofmeritawardwinners.pdf |title=2012 Certificate of Merit Award Recipients |publisher=Came-acem.ca |accessdate=2015-10-12 |archive-date=4 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304071706/http://www.came-acem.ca/docs/awards/2012_Certificateofmeritawardwinners.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* RBC – Top 25 Canadian Immigrant Awards, 2013 Winner<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://canadianimmigrant.ca/canadas-top-25-immigrants/canadas-top-25-immigrants-2013/dr-jawahar-jay-kalra|title=Dr. Jawahar (Jay) Kalra|access-date=30 March 2019|archive-date=30 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190330214612/https://canadianimmigrant.ca/canadas-top-25-immigrants/canadas-top-25-immigrants-2013/dr-jawahar-jay-kalra|url-status=live}}</ref>
* Citizen of the Year for 2015 by CTV News Saskatoon.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://thestarphoenix.com/news/local-news/dr-jawahar-kalra-named-as-saskatoons-citizen-of-the-year-for-2015 | title=Dr. Jawahar Kalra Saskatoon's Citizen of the Year 2015 | newspaper=StarPhoenix | location=Saskatoon | date=1 January 2016 | accessdate=22 January 2019 | archive-date=23 January 2019 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190123122954/https://thestarphoenix.com/news/local-news/dr-jawahar-kalra-named-as-saskatoons-citizen-of-the-year-for-2015 | url-status=live }}</ref>
*Recipient of Canada's Paul Yuzyk Award for Multiculturalism-Lifetime Achievement in 2015<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.crrf-fcrr.ca/en/news-a-events/media-releases/item/25779-2015-winners-paul-yuzyk-award-for-multiculturalism|title=The CRRF Congratulates the 2015 Winners of the Paul Yuzyk Award for Multiculturalism|access-date=14 March 2019|archive-date=22 July 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180722151842/http://www.crrf-fcrr.ca/en/news-a-events/media-releases/item/25779-2015-winners-paul-yuzyk-award-for-multiculturalism|url-status=dead}}</ref>
*One of 60 Influential Canadians over 60 recognized in a Senior Living blog, A Place for Mom chose 60 extraordinary Canadians over 60 who are esteemed for their contributions to society<ref name="auto1"/>
*“Saskatchewan Centennial Leadership Award” for outstanding contribution to province 2015<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://regionreporter.wordpress.com/2016/01/06/ctv-names-dr-kalra-saskatoon-citizen-of-year-for-2015/|title=Private Site|website=regionreporter.wordpress.com|access-date=30 March 2019|archive-date=30 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190330221755/https://regionreporter.wordpress.com/2016/01/06/ctv-names-dr-kalra-saskatoon-citizen-of-year-for-2015/|url-status=live}}</ref>{{failed verification|date=April 2024}}
*Grasswood Canada 150 Award Recipient<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.kevinwaugh.ca/news-release-congratulations-dr-jay-kalra-recipient-of-the-saskatoon-grasswood-canada-150-award/|title = News Release: Congratulations Dr. Jay Kalra, recipient of the Saskatoon-Grasswood Canada 150 Award | Kevin Waugh}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ourcommons.ca/DocumentViewer/en/42-1/house/sitting-33/hansard|title=Debates (Hansard) No. 33 - March 22, 2016 (42-1) - House of Commons of Canada|access-date=14 March 2019|archive-date=2 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190402071534/http://www.ourcommons.ca/DocumentViewer/en/42-1/house/sitting-33/hansard|url-status=live}}</ref>
*Recipient, 10 University of Saskatchewan (U of S) Canada 150 Citizen, University of Saskatchewan, 2017<ref>{{cite web |title=ON CAMPUS NEWS |url=https://news.usask.ca/on-campus-news/2017-09-08.pdf |date=September 8, 2017 |access-date=30 March 2019 |archive-date=7 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190407170451/https://news.usask.ca/on-campus-news/2017-09-08.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Queen Elizabeth II Platinum Jubilee Medal, 2023<ref>{{cite web |title=QUEEN ELIZABETH II PLATINUM JUBILEE MEDAL RECIPIENTS 2023 |url=https://www.saskatoon.ca/sites/default/files/2023%20Queens%20Platinum%20Jubilee%20Medal%20Recipient%20List.pdf}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kalra, Jay}}
[[Category:Indian pathologists]]
[[Category:Canadian pathologists]]
[[Category:People from Aligarh]]
[[Category:1949 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Canadian healthcare managers]]
[[Category:Fellows of the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada]]
[[Category:Indian emigrants to Canada]]
[[Category:Memorial University of Newfoundland alumni]]

Mandi (1983 film)

2026-03-22T18:11:43Z

Vivekparulekar:

{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Mandi
| image = Mandi film.jpg

| caption = Movie poster for ''Mandi''
| director = [[Shyam Benegal]]
| producer =
| writer =
| story = [[Ghulam Abbas (writer)|Ghulam Abbas]]
| screenplay = {{ubl|[[Satyadev Dubey]]|[[Shama Zaidi]]|[[Shyam Benegal]]}}
| based_on = {{based on|''Aanandi''|[[Ghulam Abbas (writer)|Ghulam Abbas]]}}
| narrator =
| starring = {{ubl|[[Shabana Azmi]]|[[Smita Patil]]|[[Naseeruddin Shah]]|[[Amrish Puri]]|[[Kulbhushan Kharbanda]]|[[Saeed Jaffrey]]|[[Om Puri]]}}
| music = [[Vanraj Bhatia]]
| cinematography = [[Ashok Mehta]]
| editing =
| distributor = Blaze Entertainment
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|1983|||India}}
| runtime = 167 minutes
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| budget =
}}
'''''Mandi''''' (English: Market Place) is a 1983 Hindi-language film directed by [[Shyam Benegal]]. Based on a classic [[Urdu language|Urdu]] short story ''Aanandi'' by writer ''[[Ghulam Abbas (writer)|Ghulam Abbas]]'', the film narrates the story of a brothel, situated in the heart of a city, an area that some politicians want for its prime locality.<ref>{{cite web|title=Mandi|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0085896/plotsummary|publisher=[[IMDb]]}}</ref> The film is a satirical comedy on politics and prostitution, and stars [[Shabana Azmi]], [[Smita Patil]] and [[Naseeruddin Shah]] among others.

The film won the 1984 [[National Film Award for Best Art Direction]] for [[Nitish Roy]].<ref name="31stawardPDF">{{cite web|url=http://dff.nic.in/2011/31st_nff_1984.pdf|title=31st National Film Awards|publisher=[[Directorate of Film Festivals]]}}</ref> It was selected at Indian Panorama at Filmostav, Bombay 1984, and was invited to the Los Angeles Exposition (FILMEX), the [[Hong Kong International Film Festival]] 1984, and [[London Film Festival]] 1983.<ref>[http://www.reachouthyderabad.com/newsmaker/nm66a.htm Shyam Benegal Awards]</ref>

==Plot==
For years, an aging Rukmini Bai has been the Madame of a [[brothel]] in [[Hyderabad, India]]. The women in the brothel live in harmony. Rukmini Bai takes pride in the talent of her women, especially Zeenat, who is a classical singer, and Basanti, who is a classical dancer. Rukmini Bai is quite possessive about the virginal Zeenat and does not let her get into [[prostitution]]. She is protective of her from the customers who wish to deflower Zeenat.

One day Rukmini Bai learns that she now has a new landlord Mr. Gupta, whose daughter Malti is to marry Mr. Aggarwal's son, Sushil, shortly. Given the finesse of Zeenat and Basanti, Mr. Gupta invites Rukmini Bai with her women to perform at his daughter's engagement ceremony. During the performance, Sushil is smitten by Zeenat's beauty and approaches her in the dressing room. Zeenat also gets attracted to Sushil. Meanwhile, it is shown that the City Councillor, Shantidevi, who also runs the Women's Organisation of the town is averse to Rukmini Bai and her doings. In a Municipal Committee meeting, she proposes that the brothel should be moved out of town, in order to protect the town from getting corrupted. The committee agrees to her demands and Rukmini Bai and her women are forced to relocate to the outskirts of the city which happens to be near the [[Dargah]] of Baba Karak Shah. This attracts a lot of people, and Rukmini Bai's brothel starts thriving.

In the meantime, Rukmini Bai gets to know about the budding love between Zeenat and Sushil and forbids Zeenat from going ahead with the relationship. She reveals that Zeenat is the illegitimate child of Mr. Aggarwal and another prostitute, and Rukmini Bai had kept it a secret for years, in order to save Mr. Aggarwal's reputation. This makes Zeenat and Sushil half-siblings and renders their romantic relationship incestuous.

Further complications set in when Sushil refuses to marry Malti and runs away from his house in order to pursue Zeenat. He asks Zeenat to elope with him in search of a better existence and Zeenat accepts his proposal. The whole brothel is in a state of panic when news of Zeenat's elopement breaks out. Rukmini Bai and Aggarwal go in search of the youngsters. However, along the way, Zeenat is overcome by guilt as she is aware of their biological relationship and thus, runs away from Sushil as well. Sushil is heartbroken. Rukmini Bai too is unable to come to terms with the news of Zeenat's disappearance. She is sobbing in her brothel and instead of getting sympathy, she is rebuked by Nadira, a prostitute who works for her. She asks Rukmini Bai to leave the brothel as the women do not need her anymore and can run the brothel on their own.

Rukmini Bai is in a state of shock and with a heavy heart, she quits the brothel with her faithful helper Tungrus. On their way, they stop for water. While looking for water, Tungrus accidentally comes across a Shiv [[Lingam]]. He calls out to Rukmini Bai and they both pray to the lingam for a better future. Just then, they see Phoolmani, a former brothel woman, running towards them. Rukmini Bai is delighted at the sight of Phoolmani and thanks the Almighty.

==Cast==
{{div col|colwidth=25em}}
*[[Shabana Azmi]] as Rukmini Bai
*[[Smita Patil]] as Zeenat
*[[Naseeruddin Shah]] as Tungrus
*[[Amrish Puri]] as Darvish/Fakir
*[[Kulbhushan Kharbanda]] as Mr. Gupta
*[[Saeed Jaffrey]] as Mayor Aggarwal
*[[Om Puri]] as Ramgopal
*[[Sreela Majumdar]] as Phoolmani
*[[Neena Gupta]] as Basanti
*[[Gita Siddharth]] as Shanti Devi
*[[Sunila Pradhan]] as Mrs. Gupta
*[[Soni Razdan]] as Nadira
*[[Anita Kanwar]] as Parweena
*[[Ratna Pathak Shah]] as Malti
*[[Pankaj Kapur]] as Shantidevi's assistant
*[[K. K. Raina]] as Shrikant
*[[Satish Kaushik]] as Councillor
*[[Khokha Mukherjea]]
*[[Athar Nawaz]]
*[[Harish Patel]] as Policeman
*[[Ila Arun]] as Kamli
*[[Annu Kapoor]] as The Doctor
*[[Aditya Bhattacharya]] as Sushil
*[[Ashay Chitre]]
{{div col end}}

==Soundtrack==
The lyrics of the film's songs are by [[Mir Taqi Mir]], [[Bahadur Shah Zafar]], [[Ibn-e-Insha|Insha]], [[Makhdoom Mohiuddin]] and Sarwar Danda with music composed by [[Vanraj Bhatia]].

Vocals were provided by [[Asha Bhosle]] for Smita Patil, and [[Preeti Sagar]] for Neena Gupta.

{|class="wikitable"
! Song !! Singer
|-
| "Chubhti Hai"
| [[Asha Bhosle]]
|-
| "Ishq Ke Sholay"
| Asha Bhosle
|-
| "Zabanen Badalti Hain"
| Asha Bhosle
|-
| "Shamsheer Barahana"
| [[Preeti Sagar]]
|-
|}

==Awards and nominations==
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable"
|-
!scope="col"| Year
!scope="col"| Award
!scope="col"| Category
!scope="col"| Nominee(s)
!scope="col"| Result
|-
| [[31st National Film Awards|1983]]
| [[National Film Awards]]
| [[National Film Award for Best Art Direction|Best Art Direction]]
| [[Nitish Roy]]
| {{won}}
|-
| rowspan="3"|[[31st Filmfare Awards|1984]]
| rowspan="3"|[[Filmfare Awards]]
| [[Filmfare Award for Best Actress|Best Actress]]
| [[Shabana Azmi]]
| rowspan="3"{{nom}}
|-
| [[Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actress|Best Supporting Actress]]
| [[Smita Patil]]
|-
| [[Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actor|Best Supporting Actor]]
| [[Naseeruddin Shah]]
|-
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|0085896|Mandi}}
* [https://archive.today/20130202030643/http://www.screenindia.com/news/1982--On-the-sets-of-Mandi/3375/ 1982: On the sets of Mandi] [[Screen (magazine)]]

{{Shyam Benegal}}

[[Category:1983 films]]
[[Category:1983 comedy-drama films]]
[[Category:1983 Hindi-language films]]
[[Category:1983 Indian films]]
[[Category:Indian satirical films]]
[[Category:Films based on short fiction]]
[[Category:Films about prostitution in India]]
[[Category:Films set in Hyderabad, India]]
[[Category:Films directed by Shyam Benegal]]
[[Category:Films scored by Vanraj Bhatia]]
[[Category:Films whose production designer won the Best Production Design National Film Award]]
[[Category:Films with screenplays by Shama Zaidi]]
[[Category:Hindi-language comedy-drama films]]
[[Category:Urdu-language Indian films]]
[[Category:1980s Urdu-language films]]
[[Category:Films shot in Hyderabad, India]]

Nishabdham

2026-03-19T22:58:09Z

Vivekparulekar: put up basic entry w/ infobox

{{short description|2020 film directed by Hemant Madhukar}}
{{About||the 2017 Tamil-language film|Nisabdham}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2021}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Nishabdham
| image = Nishabdham poster.jpg
| alt =
| caption = Official release poster
| director = [[Hemant Madhukar]]
| screenplay = [[Kona Venkat]]
| story = Hemant Madhukar
| based_on =
| producer = Kona Venkat T. G. Vishwa Prasad
| starring = {{plainlist|
*[[Anushka Shetty]]
*[[R. Madhavan]]
*[[Michael Madsen]]
*[[Anjali (actress)|Anjali]]
*[[Shalini Pandey]]
*[[Subbaraju]]
}}
| narrator =
| cinematography = Shaneil Deo
| editing = [[Prawin Pudi]]
| music = [[Girishh G.]]
| studio = Kona Film Corporation People Media Factory
| distributor = [[Amazon Prime Video]]
| released = {{film date|df=yes|2020|10|02|ref1=<ref name="toi:m1">{{Cite news |title='Nishabdham': Anushka Shetty's suspense thriller to hit OTT on October 2 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/nishabdham-anushka-shettys-suspense-thriller-to-hit-ott-on-october-2/articleshow/78146811.cms |access-date=26 September 2020 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>}}
| runtime = 130 minutes
| country = India
| language = Telugu
| budget = {{INR|30 [[crore]]|link=yes}}<ref>{{Cite news |last=Kavirayani |first=Suresh |date=5 May 2020 |title=Nishabdam goes OTT |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/tollywood/050520/nishabdam-goes-ott.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210125082430/http://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/tollywood/050520/nishabdam-goes-ott.html |archive-date=25 January 2021 |access-date=10 August 2021 |work=[[Deccan Chronicle]]}}</ref>
| gross =
}}

'''''Nishabdham''''' ({{translation|Silence}}) is a 2020 Indian [[Telugu-language|Telugu]]-language [[mystery film]] directed by [[Hemant Madhukar]] and co-produced by [[Kona Venkat]] and T. G. Vishwa Prasad. The film stars [[Anushka Shetty]], [[R. Madhavan]], [[Michael Madsen]], [[Anjali (actress)|Anjali]], [[Shalini Pandey]] and [[Subbaraju]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=17 March 2019 |title=Michael Madsen lands key role in Madhavan's 'Silence' |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ians/michael-madsen-lands-key-role-in-madhavan-s-silence-119031700189_1.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191024085449/https://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ians/michael-madsen-lands-key-role-in-madhavan-s-silence-119031700189_1.html |archive-date=24 October 2019 |access-date=15 September 2019 |work=[[Business Standard]]}}</ref> The film was intended to have no dialogues. It was partly reshot and partly dubbed in [[Tamil language|Tamil]] as '''''Silence'''''.<ref name="A">{{Cite news |last=Dundoo |first=Sangeetha Devi |date=24 September 2020 |title=The making of 'Nishabdham' |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/hemanth-madhukar-on-the-making-of-nishabdham/article32684951.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200929202400/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/hemanth-madhukar-on-the-making-of-nishabdham/article32684951.ece |archive-date=29 September 2020 |access-date=1 October 2020 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref> The film is released along with the [[Dubbing (filmmaking)|dubbed]] versions in [[Malayalam]] and [[Kannada]] languages, through [[Amazon Prime Video]] on 2 October 2020.<ref name="toi:m1" /><ref name="A" />

== Plot ==
{{Long plot|section|date=October 2020}}

In 1972, a couple spending Christmas night at a villa near [[Seattle]] is mysteriously murdered, with the male victim being crucified. The [[King County, Washington|King County]] takes possession of the villa, which remains unsold until 2019 due to its reputation as a haunted house.

Sakshi, a [[deaf-mute]] artist, travels with her fiancé to the villa to find a painting of a previous owner whose ghost is believed to have killed the couple. However, she runs away blood-stained after a while and gets hit by a car. Detective Mahalakshmi and Captain Richard Dawkins are assigned to investigate. It is revealed that Sakshi's fiancé has died in the basement, and as his corpse is taken out, a key falls from his hand. Maha interrogates Sakshi in the hospital, learning that she found his body crucified and could not see the attacker. Maha then researches the victim, Anthony Gonsalves, a famous cellist whose previous wife committed suicide.

As many girls have already gone missing in Seattle, the police is under heavy scrutiny. The initial investigation is inconclusive, so Sakshi is interviewed again. It is revealed that soon after her engagement with Anthony, Sakshi's best friend Sonali went missing. Sakshi recounts her past. She grew up in an orphanage in [[Sequim, Washington|Sequim]] where she met Sonali. One day, she received an invitation to show her art in a Seattle gallery. Sonali, who is very possessive, does not agree but changes her mind after deciding to live with Sakshi. At the gallery, Sakshi meets Vivek, a photographer. Anthony, a new exhibition's guest of honor, meets Sakshi and is impressed with her work. He donates a million dollars to her orphanage and invites her to his concert. Sakshi attends and is mesmerized by his music. They grow closer and eventually fall in love and get engaged. After Sonali went missing, she decided to go to the villa for a week to relax and find the painting.

Maha realizes that Sonali wants all of Sakshi's attention after seeing similar behavior in a child. She goes to the orphanage to investigate Sonali's disappearance, suspecting a connection to Anthony's death. She learns that Sonali's only friend was Sakshi, even getting arrested for stabbing someone who went out with her. Maha also discovers a drawing of a crucifixion in Sonali's room. Concerned, Maha goes to Sakshi's house and encounters a hooded man who escapes after she shoots at him. The police searches the villa again, hoping to discover evidence against Sonali. Tom finds the key in the basement brings it to Richard, who kills Tom and pockets it. Maha notices Richard's coat button next to Tom's corpse and suspects his involvement, so she breaks into his office and gets the key. She then trails Richard and follows him to a farmhouse, which she discovers secretly belongs to Anthony. Richard searches for the house's CCTV footage to no avail and leaves. Soon afterwards, the hooded man, revealed to be Vivek, who took the footage earlier, meets with Sakshi at the [[Space Needle]], where a flashback occurs.

Vivek and Sakshi became good friends and started living together with Sonali, who becomes jealous. Vivek is hurt, but Sakshi explains Sonali's nature. When Sonali and Sakshi were baristas, a customer asked Sakshi out. Sonali insists that he is a flirt and tried to prove it. Sonali and Sakshi go out with him for coffee, and Sonali rubbed his leg. The customer put his hand up Sonali's skirt under the table, so she brought her hand up and stabbed it with a fork, leading to her arrest. Vivek decides to give Sonali a chance, and they begin to get along. With Sakshi's encouragement, Vivek and Sonali fall in love. Later on, when Anthony proposes to Sakshi, Sonali is displeased. One day after Anthony's concert, his fans greet him. Some kiss him and even give him their phone number. Sonali tries to convince Sakshi that Anthony is also a flirt, but Sakshi dismisses her. Sonali texts him flirtatiously to prove it. He refuses at first but eventually agrees to meet her. Sakshi reassured Sonali that he does not have bad intentions, but Sonali went to meet him anyway, with Sakshi secretly observing them. She sees them drink and get intimate in the farmhouse. However, Anthony suddenly kills Sonali. Richard arrives at the scene and helps Anthony clean up the scene. Sakshi left unnoticed and told Vivek what happened. They went to the police station, where she recognized Richard. Anthony brought Sakshi to Richard again to report Sonali's disappearance, where she saw a poster for a girl who gave Anthony her number. Sakshi discovered that the dates of the disappearances coincide with Anthony's concerts. She planned to take revenge with Vivek by deceiving Anthony to go to the villa so Vivek can kill him. After Anthony is knocked out and restrained, they interrogate him after he wakes up.

Anthony reveals that he killed his wife and her lover at a motel for their unfaithfulness. Richard entered the room and decided to let him continue. When he went to meet Richard outside, Richard reveals he had come to the same motel to investigate his wife, who was also cheating on him in another room. Anthony then proceeded to kill Richard's wife, and Richard helps cover up the murders. Subsequently, Anthony begins killing all unfaithful women who hit on him, and Richard hides all the bodies and evidence. Upon hearing this, Sakshi kills Anthony in rage.

In the present, Sakshi and Vivek decide to expose Richard to the FBI using the footage. However, Richard kidnaps Vivek and holds him hostage. Maha, who put a tracker on Richard's car earlier, kills Richard and saves them. Afterwards, Richard and Anthony's crimes are finally proven, and Anthony's murder officially remains unsolved. The film ends with Sakshi and Vivek paying respects to Sonali at her grave.

== Cast ==
{{Cast listing|
*[[Anushka Shetty]] as Sakshi
*[[R. Madhavan]] as Anthony Gonsalves
*[[Michael Madsen]] as Richard Dawkins
*[[Anjali (actress)|Anjali]] as Mahalakshmi "Maha"
*[[Shalini Pandey]] as Sonali
*[[Subbaraju]] as Vivek
*[[Srinivas Avasarala]] as Purna Chandra Rao / Surya Kandasamy
*Ravi Dasika as Kalyan Varma
*Hunter O'Harrow as Tom Orbach
*Olivia Dunkley as Iris
*Emily Aron as Margaret
*Rene Hamlet as Nancy
*Reza Leal-Smartt as Clara
*Will Ammann as Sam
*Jon Palms as David
*Ravyn Celestino as Peter
*Dean Hargrave as Jackson
*Timothy Krabill as Martin Escavado
}}

== Production ==
In 2013, director [[Hemant Madhukar]] re-watched [[Singeetam Srinivasa Rao]]'s dialogue-less film ''[[Pushpaka Vimana (1987 film)|Pushpaka Vimana]]'' (1987) and developed a desire to make a similar dialogue-less film. He was keen to explore the idea with a hearing and speech impaired protagonist. Once he wrote the story that would become ''Nishabdham'', he pitched it to the [[PVP Cinema|PVP Group]] for production, but there was no progress for months despite PVP liking the idea. Madhukar then discussed the project with screenwriter [[Kona Venkat]], who helped improvise the script and develop the screenplay. Venkat felt it had potential to be an "international project", and included dialogues.<ref name="A" />

[[R. Madhavan]] and [[Taapsee Pannu]] were signed on to play the lead roles, though the actress later opted out citing a scheduling conflict. While on a flight, Venkat had a chance meeting with [[Anushka Shetty]], narrated the script to her, and she joined the project, marking her second collaboration with Madhavan after ''[[Rendu]]'' (2006).<ref>{{Cite news |date=6 December 2019 |title=Did You Know? Anushka Shetty wasn't the first choice for Nishabdham |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/did-you-know/did-you-know-anushka-shetty-wasnt-the-first-choice-for-nishabdham/articleshow/72403042.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20191207042224/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/did-you-know/did-you-know-anushka-shetty-wasnt-the-first-choice-for-nishabdham/articleshow/72403042.cms |archive-date=7 December 2019 |access-date=7 December 2019 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=9 November 2018 |title=Madhavan, Anushka Shetty to begin shooting for 'Silence' next year |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/telugu/2018/nov/09/madhavan-anushka-shetty-to-begin-shooting-for-silence-next-year-1895908.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190328165346/http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/telugu/2018/nov/09/madhavan-anushka-shetty-to-begin-shooting-for-silence-next-year-1895908.html |archive-date=28 March 2019 |access-date=30 September 2020 |website=[[The New Indian Express]]}}</ref> [[Anjali (actress)|Anjali]] was cast as an American police officer, while American actor [[Michael Madsen]] was cast in an important role.<ref>{{Cite web |date=30 July 2019 |title=Anjali to play a US-based cop in Madhavan – Anushka Shetty starrer, Silence / Nishabdham |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/stories/news/2019/jul/30/anjali-to-play-a-us-based-cop-in-madhavan---anushka-shetty-starrer-silence--nishabdham-13322.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191019180729/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/stories/news/2019/jul/30/anjali-to-play-a-us-based-cop-in-madhavan---anushka-shetty-starrer-silence--nishabdham-13322.html |archive-date=19 October 2019 |access-date=30 September 2020 |website=[[Cinema Express]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Michael Madsen of 'Kill Bill' fame makes Indian debut with Anushka Shetty-Madhavan starrer 'Silence' |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/michael-madsen-of-kill-bill-fame-makes-indian-debut-with-anushka-shetty-madhavan-starrer-silence/articleshow/68459197.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190321030711/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/michael-madsen-of-kill-bill-fame-makes-indian-debut-with-anushka-shetty-madhavan-starrer-silence/articleshow/68459197.cms |archive-date=21 March 2019 |access-date=30 September 2020 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> [[Shalini Pandey]], [[Subbaraju]], and [[Srinivas Avasarala]] were cast in supporting roles.<ref>{{Cite web |date=26 May 2019 |title=Madhavan and Anushka Shetty start shooting for Silence |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/stories/news/2019/may/26/r-madhavan-and-anushka-shetty-start-shooting-for-silence-in-seattle-us-11817.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190714102404/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/stories/news/2019/may/26/r-madhavan-and-anushka-shetty-start-shooting-for-silence-in-seattle-us-11817.html |archive-date=14 July 2019 |access-date=30 September 2020 |website=[[Cinema Express]]}}</ref>

Principal photography began in May 2019. The filming took place predominantly in the United States, with a 60-day long schedule.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Kumar |first=Karthik |date=28 May 2019 |title=Anushka Shetty, R Madhavan starrer Silence starts rolling, see pics |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/regional-movies/anushka-shetty-r-madhavan-starrer-silence-starts-rolling-see-pics/story-TfokMe4v17aKHy6Qb6FVsL.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20190626033537/https://www.hindustantimes.com/regional-movies/anushka-shetty-r-madhavan-starrer-silence-starts-rolling-see-pics/story-TfokMe4v17aKHy6Qb6FVsL.html |archive-date=26 June 2019 |access-date=13 September 2019 |work=[[Hindustan Times]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=3 June 2019 |title='Nishabdam': Director reveals the first shot from this Madhavan and Anushka Shetty starrer |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/nishabdam-director-reveals-the-first-shot-from-this-madhavan-and-anushka-shetty-starrer/articleshow/69630281.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200521213407/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/nishabdam-director-reveals-the-first-shot-from-this-madhavan-and-anushka-shetty-starrer/articleshow/69630281.cms |archive-date=21 May 2020 |access-date=22 September 2020 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> The film was mostly shot in Telugu except for R. Madhavan's portions, which were shot in Tamil, and Anjali's portions, which were shot in both languages.<ref name="C" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Dundoo |first=Sangeetha Devi |date=26 September 2020 |title=Anjali toughens up for 'Nishabdham' |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/anjali-toughens-up-to-play-a-seattle-based-cop-in-nishabdham/article32701293.ece |website=The Hindu}}</ref> The majority of the Tamil version was dubbed from the Telugu version.<ref name="C">{{Cite web |last=Srinivasan |first=Sudhir |date=2 October 2020 |title=Silence Movie Review: A convoluted screenplay fails to mask fundamental flaws |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/reviews/telugu/2020/oct/02/silence-movie-reviewa-convoluted-screenplay-fails-to-mask-fundamental-flaws-20578.html |website=Cinema Express}}</ref> The international actors spoke their lines in English.<ref name="A" />

== Soundtrack ==
The soundtrack was composed by [[Gopi Sundar]], whereas the lyrics for the Telugu version are written by Bhaskarabhatla, Sreejo, Krishna Kanth, and Ramajogayya Sastry. The song "Ninne Ninne" in Telugu and "Neeye Neeye" in Tamil was released as single from the album on 17 December 2019.<ref>{{Cite web |date=17 December 2019 |title=Neeye Neeye: The Sizzling Chemistry Between Madhavan And Anushka Shetty Is Unmissable! |url=https://jfwonline.com/article/neeye-neeye-the-sizzling-chemistry-between-madhavan-and-anushka-shetty-is-unmissable/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201210405/https://jfwonline.com/article/neeye-neeye-the-sizzling-chemistry-between-madhavan-and-anushka-shetty-is-unmissable/ |archive-date=1 December 2020 |access-date=2 November 2021 |website=JFW}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Nyayapati |first=Neeshita |date=17 December 2019 |title=First single from Hemant Madhukar's 'Nishabdham' released |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/music/first-single-from-hemant-madhukars-nishabdham-released/articleshow/72829971.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211102091904/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/music/first-single-from-hemant-madhukars-nishabdham-released/articleshow/72829971.cms |archive-date=2 November 2021 |access-date=2 November 2021 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> "Madhuramithe" in Telugu and "Pudhu Unarvae" in Tamil were released on 29 September 2020.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Madhuramithe {{!}} మైడ్హరైమిట్హ |url=https://gaana.com/song/madhuramithe |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201202095820/https://gaana.com/song/madhuramithe |archive-date=2 December 2020 |access-date=2 November 2021 |website=[[Gaana (music streaming service)|Gaana]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Pudhu Unarvae |url=https://gaana.com/song/pudhu-unarve |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211102091904/https://gaana.com/song/pudhu-unarve |archive-date=2 November 2021 |access-date=2 November 2021 |website=[[Gaana (music streaming service)|Gaana]]}}</ref>

{{Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| headline = Telugu
| title1 = Ninne Ninne
| lyrics1 = Bhaskarabhatla
| extra1 = [[Sid Sriram]]
| length1 = 5:31
| title2 = Madhuramithe
| lyrics2 = Sreejo
| extra2 = [[Najim Arshad]], [[Harini (singer)|Harini]]
| length2 = 4:27
| title3 = Nee Kanupaapa
| extra3 = [[Chinmayi Sripada|Chinmayi]] (Soundtrack Version), Bhadra Rajin (Film Version)
| lyrics3 = [[Ramajogayya Sastry]]
| length3 = 5:35
| title4 = Cello Song - Ee Premante Inthe
| extra4 = [[Vijay Yesudas]]
| lyrics4 = Krishna Kanth
| length4 = 3:25
}}

{{Track listing
| headline = Tamil
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| title1 = Neeye Neeye
| extra1 = [[Aalap Raju]]
| lyrics1 = Karunakaran
| length1 = 5:35
| title2 = Pudhu Unarvae
| extra2 = [[Karthik (singer)|Karthik]], [[Harini (singer)|Harini]]
| lyrics2 = Karunakaran
| length2 = 4:24
| title3 = Naan Unarvodu
| extra3 = [[Chinmayi Sripada|Chinmayi]]
| lyrics3 = Karunakaran
| length3 = 5:37
| title4 = Cello Song - Yen Pennellam Inke
| extra4 = [[Vijay Yesudas]]
| lyrics4 = Karunakaran
| length4 = 3:26
}}

{{Track listing
| headline = Malayalam
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| title1 = Neeye Neeye
| extra1 = [[Madhu Balakrishnan]]
| lyrics1 = B. K. Harinarayanan
| length1 = 5:35
| title2 = Pudhu Ninavae
| extra2 = [[Najim Arshad]], Bhadra Rajin
| lyrics2 = B. K. Harinarayanan
| length2 = 4:29
| title3 = Thee Vitharunna
| extra3 = [[Divya S. Menon]]
| lyrics3 = B. K. Harinarayanam
| length3 = 5:37
| title4 = Cello Song - Nee Thullunnathenthe
| extra4 = [[Vijay Yesudas]]
| lyrics4 = B. K. Harinarayanan
| length4 = 3:26
}}

== Release ==
The film was scheduled to be released on 21 February 2020 but was postponed to 2 April 2020. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic the film's release was postponed indefinitely.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=8 February 2020 |title=Anushka Shetty's Nishabdham to release on April 2 |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/anushka-shetty-s-nishabdham-to-release-on-april-2-1644486-2020-02-08 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200209174303/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/anushka-shetty-s-nishabdham-to-release-on-april-2-1644486-2020-02-08 |archive-date=9 February 2020 |access-date=11 March 2020 |website=[[India Today]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2 April 2020 |title=April 2020: Theaters to continue remain shut in AP, Telangana |url=https://www.sify.com/movies/april-2020-theaters-to-continue-remain-shut-in-ap-telangana-news-telugu-uecjNaeiaciif.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20200402051556/https://www.sify.com/movies/april-2020-theaters-to-continue-remain-shut-in-ap-telangana-news-telugu-uecjNaeiaciif.html |archive-date=2 April 2020 |access-date=2 April 2020 |website=[[Sify]]}}</ref> The official trailer was launched by [[Amazon Prime Video]] on 21 September 2020.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kumar R |first=Manoj |date=21 September 2020 |title=Nishabdham trailer: Anushka Shetty film offers nothing interesting |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/telugu/nishabdham-trailer-anushka-shetty-film-offers-nothing-interesting-6604701/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200922021040/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/telugu/nishabdham-trailer-anushka-shetty-film-offers-nothing-interesting-6604701/ |archive-date=22 September 2020 |access-date=21 September 2020 |website=[[The Indian Express]]}}</ref>

The film was released through Prime Video on 2 October 2020 in Telugu and Tamil languages, along with dubbed versions in [[Malayalam]] and [[Kannada]].<ref name="toi:m1" /><ref>{{Cite web |date=21 September 2020 |title=Nishabdham Trailer: Anushka Shetty and R Madhavan starrer tells the tale of a haunted house and a missing girl |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/nishabdham-trailer-anushka-shetty-and-r-madhavan-starrer-tells-the-tale-of-a-haunted-house-and-a-missing-girl/articleshow/78231062.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200922012700/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/nishabdham-trailer-anushka-shetty-and-r-madhavan-starrer-tells-the-tale-of-a-haunted-house-and-a-missing-girl/articleshow/78231062.cms |archive-date=22 September 2020 |access-date=22 September 2020 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>

== Reception ==
Regarding the Telugu version, ''[[The Times of India]]'' gave the film three out of five stars and stated, "''Nishabdham'' on the whole promises to be a treat, not just to Anushka’s fans but to movie buffs who love thrillers too. Sadly, it doesn’t always live up to that promise because all it ends up being is a stylish film with no depth".<ref>{{Cite web |date=2 October 2020 |title=Nishabdham Movie Review: All gloss and no depth |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movie-reviews/nishabdham/movie-review/78437645.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201002183845/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movie-reviews/nishabdham/movie-review/78437645.cms |archive-date=2 October 2020 |access-date=2 October 2020 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> Regarding the Tamil version, ''The Times of India'' gave the film a rating of two out of five stars and noted that "''Silence'' is meant to be a whodunit, but the moment you get the plot points, the film stops being one" and additionally stated that "the Tamil version resembles a dubbed film".<ref>{{Cite web |date=2 October 2020 |title=Silence Movie Review: Silence feels like a dreary dubbed film |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/silence/movie-review/78437899.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20201002061913/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/silence/movie-review/78437899.cms |archive-date=2 October 2020 |access-date=2 October 2020 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>

Karthik Kumar of ''[[Hindustan Times]]'' called ''Nishabdham'' "a colossal mess", and added, "Despite the presence of some talented stars like Anushka and Madhavan, the film is excruciatingly boring and lacks the thrills to keep one invested throughout."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kumar |first=Karthik |date=2 October 2020 |title=Nishabdham movie review: Anushka Shetty, R Madhavan film is excruciatingly boring, lacks thrills |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/regional-movies/nishabdham-movie-review-anushka-shetty-r-madhavan-film-is-excruciatingly-boring-lacks-thrills/story-fgLhjVq4nEkjBjYCPnTljL.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201002153024/https://www.hindustantimes.com/regional-movies/nishabdham-movie-review-anushka-shetty-r-madhavan-film-is-excruciatingly-boring-lacks-thrills/story-fgLhjVq4nEkjBjYCPnTljL.html |archive-date=2 October 2020 |access-date=2 October 2020 |website=[[Hindustan Times]] |language=en}}</ref> Sowmya Rajendran writing for ''[[The News Minute]]'', opined that "The ideas must have sounded good on paper but the writing and execution, unfortunately, don't hold up." While appreciating the performances of Shetty and Pandey, Sowmya wrote "Michael Madsen as police chief Richard Dickens deserved more to his character. With a limp and a swagger, he does his best with what he's given."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rajendran |first=Sowmya |date=2 October 2020 |title='Nishabdham' review: Anushka Shetty, Madhavan film has good ideas but falls short |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/nishabdham-review-anushka-shetty-madhavan-film-has-good-ideas-falls-short-134360 |access-date=2 October 2020 |website=[[The News Minute]]}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
*{{IMDb title|9605894}}

[[Category:2020 direct-to-video films]]
[[Category:2020 thriller films]]
[[Category:2020 films]]
[[Category:2020 multilingual films]]
[[Category:2020 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:2020 Telugu-language films]]
[[Category:Amazon Prime Video original films]]
[[Category:Films about deaf people]]
[[Category:Films about disability in India]]
[[Category:Films not released in theaters due to the COVID-19 pandemic]]
[[Category:Films postponed due to the COVID-19 pandemic]]
[[Category:Films shot in Seattle]]
[[Category:Indian haunted house films]]
[[Category:Indian multilingual films]]
[[Category:Indian thriller films]]
[[Category:Films directed by Hemant Madhukar]]
[[Category:People Media Factory films]]
[[Category:Films scored by Girishh Gopalakrishnan]]
[[Category:2020 Indian films]]

St. Aloysius Chapel

2026-03-18T01:36:37Z

Vivekparulekar: minor cleanup

{{Short description|Catholic chapel in Mangalore, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2018}}
{{Infobox Historic building
|image=St._Aloysius_Church_Mangalore.jpg
[[File:St Aloysius chapel - altar.jpg|thumb|religious place]]
|image_caption=The St Aloysius Chapel in Mangaluru, built by the Italian Jesuit [[Antonio Moscheni]] in 1884, during the Mangalore Mission (1878)
|native_name= St Aloysius Chapel
|former_names=Cappella di San Luigi Capela de São Luís
|alternate_names=St. Aloysius College Chapel
|address=
|location_town=[[Mangalore]]
|location_country=[[India]]
|architect=
|client=
|engineer=
|construction_start_date=
|completion_date={{start date and age|1878}}
|demolished_date=
|cost=
|structural_system=
|architectural_style=
|size=
}}

'''St. Aloysius Chapel''' ({{langx|it|Cappella di San Luigi}}, {{langx|pt|Capela de São Luís}}), or the chapel of [[St. Aloysius' College (Mangalore)|St. Aloysius College]], is a Catholic chapel in [[Mangalore]] in the state of [[Karnataka]] in southwest India. The chapel is situated in the heart of the city on the Lighthouse Hill.

==History==
The St. Aloysius Chapel in Mangaluru was built by Jesuit missionaries in 1880 and its interiors painted by the Italian Jesuit [[Antonio Moscheni]] in 1899, during the Mangalore Mission in 1878. The Italian [[Society of Jesus|Jesuits]] played an important role in education, health, and social welfare of the [[Mangalorean Catholic]] community<ref>{{cite news
|url=http://www.hinduonnet.com/2004/01/08/stories/2004010810180300.htm
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070713071434/http://www.hinduonnet.com/2004/01/08/stories/2004010810180300.htm
|url-status=usurped
|archive-date=13 July 2007
|title=College all set to celebrate 125th anniversary
|date=2004-01-08
|accessdate=2008-10-30
|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref> and built the [[St. Aloysius' College (Mangalore)|St. Aloysius College]] in 1880,<ref>{{cite web
|url= http://www.staloysius.ac.in/campus/aboutus/index.php
|title= About St. Aloysius College
|accessdate= 2008-09-05
|publisher=[[St. Aloysius' College (Mangalore)|St. Aloysius College (Mangalore)]] |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20080527101359/http://www.staloysius.ac.in/campus/aboutus/index.php  |archivedate = 2008-05-27}}</ref> St Aloysius Chapel in 1884,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://staloysius.edu.in/articles.php?linkId=330&parentId=132&mainId=&facId=330 |title=About Chapel |access-date=2008-09-05 |publisher=[[St. Aloysius' College (Mangalore)|St. Aloysius College (Mangalore)]] |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081228183700/http://www.staloysius.edu.in/articles.php?linkId=330&parentId=132&mainId=&facId=330 |archive-date=28 December 2008 }}</ref> and many other institutions and churches.

==The paintings==
[[File:AloysiusChapel.jpg|200px|thumb|left|Interior of the chapel]]
The interior of the chapel decorated with paintings by [[Antonio Moscheni]] (1854–1905) that cover almost all of the walls, which is unusual in chapels in India. The paintings are preserved by a recognised board of the nation which maintains and restores all historic artefacts.

The central row of paintings on the ceiling depicts the life of [[Saint Aloysius Gonzaga]], to whom the college and chapel are dedicated.

Aloysius earlier life is shown in the first three panels from the rear, the paintings include:
*Aloysius as a child promising at the Altar of Mary in [[Florence]] to dedicate his life to God.
*Aloysius preaching about God to his townsfolk.
*Aloysius' first communion.
*Aloysius seeking admission to the [[Jesuit Order]].
The rest of Aloysius's life is depicted on the wall above the altar. The central picture depicts him serving the [[Plague (disease)|plague]] stricken in Rome. He contracted the disease and died, at the age of 23.

The sloping ceiling panels portray the [[Apostles in the New Testament|Apostles]], with floral garlands weaving through the panels. No two garlands have the same flowers. The angels who hold the garland are life size. The upper arches depict saints of the Church. The lower arches depict Jesuit saints. These paintings include
*'''St. [[Thomas the Apostle|Thomas]]''', Apostle of India, with a spear in his hand.
*'''St. [[Francis of Assisi]]''' Patron of environmentalists.
*'''St. [[Peter Claver]]''', who served the slaves when they arrived in [[Cartagena, Colombia]], making them feel through his care and love that they were his equals, on the fourth left arch.
*'''Bl. [[Rodolfo Acquaviva]]''', who went to the Court of [[Akbar]], and was there held in high esteem.
*'''St [[John de Britto]]''' the first missionary to wear the dress of a [[sanyasi]] as a sign of inculturation. He was a scholar who studied Sanskrit, Tamil and Indian customs.

The painting on the rear wall shows Jesus as the friend of children. It is considered to be the masterpiece of Moscheni. Due to seepage of rain water the painting was covered with fungus and calcium carbonate crystals. It has now been restored but a patch of the unrestored painting has been left untouched below the woman seated at the right.

There are many paintings which take up the life of Jesus.
*'''[[Nativity of Jesus|The birth of Our Lord]]''' on Christmas night.
*'''[[Baptism of Jesus|Jesus being baptised by St John the Baptist]]'''
*'''[[Wedding at Cana|The wedding feast at Cana]]''', where Jesus changed the water in the six pitchers into wine.
*'''[[The Crucifixion of Jesus]]''' between two thieves on Calvary. Mary, the Mother of Jesus and Magdalen, are at the foot of the Cross. A soldier, Longinus, pierces with a lance the side of Jesus. The artist's controlled use of light shows that there was darkness and lightning.

===How the chapel was painted===
There are two types of paintings in the chapel: [[fresco]] and canvas. A fresco is painted on fresh wet lime plaster walls. The colours get embedded in the lime plaster as it dries up. Frescos cover about 600 square metres of the walls of the chapel. For an oil painting, the colours are made by mixing pigments with linseed oil. The canvas is made of pure linen of strong close weave. The paintings on the ceilings in the chapel (about 400 square metres) are in oil on canvas.

===Restoration of the paintings===
With the passage of time the paintings suffered damage due to the humidity and dust and the deterioration had set in. The stitches of the canvases had given way. The canvases were taken down with the help of a special cradle, the paintings were conserved scientifically by removing dust, dirt, and chemical cleaning that revealed the true colours of paintings which were hidden underneath. The pieces were restitched and the joints were reinforced. After restretching the canvas on the frame the paintings were put back in place. The work of restoration was done by specialists of INTACH from 1991 to 1994 under the guidance of Dr [[Om Prakash Agrawal]].{{citation needed|date=July 2018}}

===The artist===
{{main|Antonio Moscheni}}
Antonio Moscheni was born in the village of [[Stezzano]] near [[Bergamo]], Italy on 17 January 1854. His artistic ability was discovered early and he was sent to the famed [[Accademia Carrara]] in Bergamo. He studied under able masters and acquired considerable proficiency in the art of painting. He then went to Rome to study the masterpieces of the [[Vatican Museums|Vatican]]. Fresco painting now became his passion. In 1889, Antonio renounced a painting career and took up religious work. But his religious superiors did not wish his talents to be lost and ordered him to paint several churches in Italy before sending him to [[Mangalore]], to the [[St. Aloysius College (Mangalore)|Chapel of St. Aloysius College]]. It took him a little over two years to cover the walls and ceilings of the chapel with paintings.

==See also==
* [[List of Jesuit sites]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Commons category|St. Aloysius Chapel, Mangalore}}

{{coord|12|52|25|N|74|50|43|E|region:IN|display=title}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Saint Aloysius Chapel}}
[[Category:Catholic chapels in India]]
[[Category:Churches in Mangalore Diocese]]
[[Category:19th-century Roman Catholic church buildings in India]]
[[Category:1878 establishments in India]]
[[Category:Roman Catholic churches completed in 1878]]
[[Category:Roman Catholic church buildings in Mangalore]]
[[Category:Tourist attractions in Mangalore]]
[[Category:Jesuit church buildings in India]]
[[Category:University and college chapels]]

Ministry of Commerce and Industry (India)

2026-03-15T16:31:47Z

Vivekparulekar:

{{Short description|Government ministry of India}}
{{use dmy dates|date=March 2016}}
{{use Indian English|date=March 2016}}
{{Infobox government agency
| agency_name = Ministry of Commerce and Industry
| seal = Government of India logo.svg
| seal_width = 100px
| seal_caption = Branch of Government of India
| logo_caption = Ministry of Commerce & Industry
| image =
| jurisdiction = [[Government of India]]
| headquarters = Vanijya Bhawan 16, Akbar Road, [[New Delhi]], [[Delhi]], India
| chief1_name = [[Piyush Goyal]]
| chief1_position = [[Cabinet Minister]]
| website = https://www.commerce.gov.in
https://www.dpiit.gov.in/
| logo = Ministry of Commerce and Industry.svg
| logo_size = 250px
| formed =
| employees =
| budget =
| chief2_name = [[Jitin Prasada]]
| chief2_position = [[Minister of State]]
| chief5_name =
| chief5_position =
| chief6_name =
| chief6_position =
| chief7_name =
| chief7_position =
| chief8_name =
| chief8_position =
| chief9_name =
| chief9_position =
| parent_department =
}}

The '''Ministry of Commerce and Industry''' is a ministry of the [[Government of India]] responsible for facilitating trade, regulating markets, promoting economic growth through industry development, setting trade policies, overseeing compliance with regulations, fostering relationships with businesses, and advocating for industry needs within a government framework; essentially managing the flow of goods and services between producers and consumers both domestically and internationally.

The ministry was re-created on 13 October 1999 under [[Prime Minister of India|Prime Minister]] [[Atal Bihari Vajpayee]] as a result of the merger of the two independent ministries, the Ministry of Commerce and the Ministry of Industry. Both the independent ministries had existed since independence and had undergone significant changes over time. The ministry is administered through two departments, the Department of Commerce and the [[Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade]].

The ministry is usually headed by a minister of [[Union Council of Ministers|cabinet rank]] and occasionally by a minister of state (independent charge). The current minister is [[Piyush Goyal]] who has been in office since 31 May 2019.<ref>{{cite news|title=List of ministers in Narendra Modi's government|url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2014-05-27/news/50122791_1_portfolios-public-grievances-smt|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140530042524/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2014-05-27/news/50122791_1_portfolios-public-grievances-smt|url-status=dead|archive-date=30 May 2014|access-date=28 June 2014|work=[[The Economic Times]]|date=27 May 2014}}</ref>

== Organisation ==
=== Department of Commerce ===
The Department of Commerce is responsible for the formulation and implementation of [[foreign trade]] policies and responsibilities relating to multilateral and bilateral commercial relations, state trading, [[export]] promotion measures, and development and regulation of certain export oriented industries and commodities. The department is divided into eight divisions:<ref>{{cite web
|url = http://www.commerce.nic.in/aboutus/aboutus_organisational.asp?id=1
|title = Organisational Set-up and Functions
|publisher = Department of Commerce, Government of India
|access-date = 2008-11-06
|url-status = dead
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20081019063202/http://commerce.nic.in/aboutus/aboutus_organisational.asp?id=1
|archive-date = 19 October 2008
|df = dmy-all
}}</ref>
* Administrative and General Division[[File:Ministry of Commerce and Industries India.jpg|alt=Ministry of Commerce and Industries India|thumb|Ministry of Commerce and Industries India]]
* Finance Division
* Economic Division
* Trade Policy Division
* Foreign Trade Territorial Division
* State Trading & Infrastructure Division
* Supply Division
* Plantation Division

The subjects under the administrative control of the department include:<ref>{{cite web
|url = http://www.commerce.nic.in/aboutus/aboutus_subject.asp?id=2
|title = Subjects under Administrative Control
|publisher = Department of Commerce, Government of India
|access-date = 2008-11-06
|url-status = dead
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20081219201038/http://www.commerce.nic.in/aboutus/aboutus_subject.asp?id=2
|archive-date = 19 December 2008
|df = dmy-all
}}</ref>
* International trade
* Foreign Trade
* State trading
* Management of Indian Trade Services
* [[Special Economic Zone]]s

=== Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade ===
{{main|Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade}}

The Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade was established in 1995, and in 2000, the Department of Industrial Development was merged with it. The department is responsible for the formulation and implementation of promotional and developmental measures for growth of the [[industrial sector]], keeping in view the national priorities and socio-economic objectives. While individual administrative ministries look after the production, distribution, development and planning aspects of specific industries allocated to them, Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade is responsible for the overall Industrial Policy. It is also responsible for facilitating and increasing the FDI flows to the country. It is also responsible to calculate WPI (I.e. Wholesale Price Index).

The Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade is also responsible for [[intellectual property]] rights relating to [[patent]]s, designs, [[trademark]]s, [[copyright]]s and geographical indication of goods and oversees the initiative relating to their promotion and protection.

Recently instituted National Startup Award by the ministry recognised 46 startups <ref>{{cite web | url=https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1790183 | title=46 Startups announced winners of the National Startup Awards 2021 along with 1 incubator and 1 accelerator }}</ref> on the eve of First National Startup Day announced by Hon'ble Prime Minister [[Narendra Modi]]. [[udChalo]], [[Ratan Tata]] backed Repos and others remarkable startups <ref>{{cite web | url=https://inc42.com/buzz/meet-the-46-indian-startups-that-won-national-startup-awards-2021/ | title=Meet the 46 Indian Startups That Won National Startup Awards 2021 | date=15 January 2022 }}</ref> are among the winners.

===Autonomous Bodies===
#[[Agricultural and Processed Food Products Export Development Authority]]
#[[Coffee Board of India]]
#Export Inspection Council of India
#[[Indian Institute of Packaging]]
#Indian Institute of Plantation Management, Bangalore
#[[National Institute of Design]]
#National Council for Cement and Building Materials
#National Turmeric Board
#[[National Productivity Council]]
#[[Quality Council of India]]
#[[Tea Board of India]]

===PSU===
#India International Convention & Exhibition Centre (IICC) Limited
#National Industrial Corridor Development Corporation

===Section 8 Company===
#[[India Trade Promotion Organisation]] (ITPO)
#The Plastics Export Promotion Council

===Institute===
#[[Footwear Design and Development Institute]]

== Cabinet ministers ==
=== Minister of Commerce (1947{{ndash}}1999) ===

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! rowspan="2" colspan="2"| Portrait
! rowspan="2" style="width:18em" |Minister {{small|(Birth-Death) Constituency}}
! colspan="3" |Term of office
! rowspan="2" style="width:8em" |Political party
! rowspan="2" style="width:6em" | Ministry
! rowspan="2" colspan="2" |Prime Minister
|-
! style="width:9em"| From
! style="width:9em"| To
! style="width:6em"| Period
|-
! colspan="10"| Minister of Commerce
|-
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|
| '''[[C. H. Bhabha]]''' {{small|(1910{{ndash}}1986)}}
| 15 August 1947
| 6 April 1948
| {{ayd|15 Aug 1947|6 Apr 1948}}
| rowspan="4"| [[Indian National Congress]]
| rowspan="4"| [[First Nehru ministry|Nehru I]]
| rowspan="4" bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
| rowspan="4" style="width:7em"| [[Jawaharlal Nehru]]
|-
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
| [[File:Kshitish Chandra Neogy.jpg|70px]]
| '''[[Kshitish Chandra Neogy]]''' {{small|(1888{{ndash}}1970) MCA for [[West Bengal]]}}
| 6 April 1948
| 19 April 1950
| {{ayd|6 Apr 1948|19 Apr 1950}}
|-
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
| [[File:Jawaharlal Nehru close-up (cropped).jpg|70px]]
| '''[[Jawaharlal Nehru]]''' {{small|(1889{{ndash}}1964) MP for [[United Provinces (1937–1950)|United Provinces]]}} (Prime Minister)
| 19 April 1950
| 29 May 1950
| {{ayd|19 Apr 1950|29 May 1950}}
|-
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
| [[File:Sri Prakasa Portrait.jpg|70px]]
| '''[[Sri Prakasa]]''' {{small|(1890{{ndash}}1971)}}
| 29 May 1950
| 26 December 1950
| {{ayd|29 May 1950|26 Dec 1950}}
|-
! colspan="10"| Minister of Commerce and Industry
|-
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
| [[File:Harekrushna Mahatab 2000 stamp of India.jpg|70px]]
| '''[[Harekrushna Mahatab]]''' {{small|(1899{{ndash}}1987) MP for [[Orissa]] (Interim)}}
| 26 December 1950
| 13 May 1952
| {{ayd|26 Dec 1950|13 May 1952}}
| rowspan="2"| [[Indian National Congress]]
| [[First Nehru ministry|Nehru I]]
| rowspan="2" bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
| rowspan="2"| [[Jawaharlal Nehru]]
|-
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
| [[File:T. T. Krishnamachari Lok Sabha photo.jpg|70px]]
| '''[[T. T. Krishnamachari]]''' {{small|(1899–1974) MP for [[Chennai South Lok Sabha constituency|Madras South]]}}
| 13 May 1952
| 30 August 1956
| {{ayd|13 May 1952|30 Aug 1956}}
| [[Second Nehru ministry|Nehru II]]
|-
! colspan="10"| Minister of Commerce and Consumer Industries
|-
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
| [[File:Swaran Singh Lok Sabha photo.jpg|70px]]
| '''[[Swaran Singh]]''' {{small|(1907{{ndash}}1994) Rajya Sabha MP for [[Punjab, India|Punjab]]}}
| 30 August 1956
| 14 November 1956
| {{ayd|30 Aug 1956|14 Nov 1956}}
| rowspan="2"| [[Indian National Congress]]
| rowspan="2"| [[Second Nehru ministry|Nehru II]]
| rowspan="2" bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
| rowspan="2"| [[Jawaharlal Nehru]]
|-
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
| [[File:Morarji Desai visits the USA (cropped).jpg|70px]]
| '''[[Morarji Desai]]''' {{small|(1896–1995) ''Unelected''}}
| 14 November 1956
| 1 January 1957
| {{ayd|14 Nov 1956|1 Jan 1957}}
|-
! colspan="10"| Minister of Commerce and Industry
|-
| rowspan="2" bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
| rowspan="2"| [[File:Morarji Desai visits the USA (cropped).jpg|70px]]
| rowspan="2"| '''[[Morarji Desai]]''' {{small|(1896–1995) ''Unelected'', until April 1957 MP for [[Surat Lok Sabha constituency|Surat]], from April 1957}}
| rowspan="2"| 1 January 1957
| rowspan="2"| 28 March 1958
| rowspan="2"| {{ayd|1 Jan 1957|28 Mar 1958}}
| rowspan="5"| [[Indian National Congress]]
| [[Second Nehru ministry|Nehru II]]
| rowspan="5" bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
| rowspan="5"| [[Jawaharlal Nehru]]
|-
| rowspan="3"| [[Third Nehru ministry|Nehru III]]
|-
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
| [[File:Lal Bahadur Shastri (from stamp).jpg|70px]]
| '''[[Lal Bahadur Shastri]]''' {{small|(1904{{ndash}}1966) MP for [[Allahabad Lok Sabha constituency|Allahabad]]}}
| 28 March 1958
| 5 April 1961
| {{ayd|28 Mar 1958|5 Apr 1961}}
|-
| rowspan="2" bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
| rowspan="2"| [[File:K. C. Reddy.jpg|70px]]
| rowspan="2"| '''[[K. Chengalaraya Reddy]]''' {{small|(1902{{ndash}}1976) MP for [[Kolar Lok Sabha constituency|Kolar]]}}
| rowspan="2"| 5 April 1961
| rowspan="2"| 19 July 1963
| rowspan="2"| {{ayd|5 Apr 1961|19 Jul 1963}}
|-
| [[Fourth Nehru ministry|Nehru IV]]
|-
! colspan="10"| Minister of International Trade
|-
| rowspan="2" bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
| rowspan="2"| [[File:Manubhai Shah Lok Sabha portrait.gif|70px]]
| rowspan="2"| '''[[Manubhai Shah]]''' {{small|(1915{{ndash}}2000) MP for [[Jamnagar Lok Sabha constituency|Jamnagar]]}} (Minister of State)
| rowspan="2"| 19 July 1963
| rowspan="2"| 9 June 1964
| rowspan="2"| '''{{ayd|19 Jul 1963|27 May 1964}}'''
| rowspan="2"| [[Indian National Congress]]
| [[Fourth Nehru ministry|Nehru IV]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
| [[Jawaharlal Nehru]]
|-
| [[First Nanda ministry|Nanda I]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
| [[Gulzarilal Nanda]]
|-
! colspan="10"| Minister of Commerce
|-
| rowspan="3" bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
| rowspan="3"| [[File:Manubhai Shah Lok Sabha portrait.gif|70px]]
| rowspan="3"| '''[[Manubhai Shah]]''' {{small|(1915{{ndash}}2000) MP for [[Jamnagar Lok Sabha constituency|Jamnagar]]}} (Minister of State until 24 Jan 1966)
| rowspan="3"| 9 June 1964
| rowspan="3"| 13 March 1967
| rowspan="3"| {{ayd|9 Jun 1964|13 Mar 1967}}
| rowspan="3"| [[Indian National Congress]]
| [[Shastri ministry|Shastri]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
| [[Lal Bahadur Shastri]]
|-
| [[Second Nanda ministry|Nanda II]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
| [[Gulzarilal Nanda]]
|-
| [[First Indira Gandhi ministry|Indira I]]
| rowspan="2" bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
| rowspan="2"| [[Indira Gandhi]]
|-
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
| [[File:Dinesh Singh Lok Sabha portrait.gif|70px]]
| '''[[Dinesh Singh (politician, born 1925)|Dinesh Singh]]''' {{small|(1925{{ndash}}1995) MP for [[Pratapgarh Lok Sabha constituency|Pratapgarh]]}}
| 13 March 1967
| 14 February 1969
| {{ayd|13 Mar 1967|14 Feb 1969}}
| [[Indian National Congress]]
| [[Second Indira Gandhi ministry|Indira II]]
|-
! colspan="10"| Minister of Foreign Trade and Supply
|-
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress (R)}}"|
| [[File:Bali Ram Bhagat portrait.gif|70px]]
| '''[[Bali Ram Bhagat]]''' {{small|(1922{{ndash}}2011) MP for [[Arrah Lok Sabha constituency|Arrah]]}}
| 14 February 1969
| 4 November 1969
| {{ayd|14 Feb 1969|4 Nov 1969}}
| [[Indian National Congress (R)]]
| [[Second Indira Gandhi ministry|Indira II]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress (R)}}"|
| [[Indira Gandhi]]
|-
! colspan="10"| Minister of Foreign Trade
|-
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress (R)}}"|
| [[File:Bali Ram Bhagat portrait.gif|70px]]
| '''[[Bali Ram Bhagat]]''' {{small|(1922{{ndash}}2011) MP for [[Arrah Lok Sabha constituency|Arrah]]}}
| 4 November 1969
| 27 June 1970
| {{ayd|4 Nov 1969|27 Jun 1970}}
| rowspan="3"| [[Indian National Congress (R)]]
| rowspan="2"| [[Second Indira Gandhi ministry|Indira II]]
| rowspan="3" bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress (R)}}"|
| rowspan="3"| [[Indira Gandhi]]
|-
| rowspan="2" bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress (R)}}"|
| rowspan="2"| [[File:Stamp of India - 1976 - Colnect 326695 - 1st Death Anniv Lalit Narayan Mishra - Politician.jpeg|70px]]
| rowspan="2"| '''[[Lalit Narayan Mishra]]''' {{small|(1923{{ndash}}1975) Rajya Sabha MP for [[Bihar]], until 1972 MP for [[Darbhanga Lok Sabha constituency|Darbhanga]], from 1972}} (Minister of State)
| 27 June 1970
| 18 March 1971
| rowspan="2"| '''{{ayd|27 Jun 1970|5 Feb 1973}}'''
|-
| 18 March 1971
| 5 February 1973
| [[Third Indira Gandhi ministry|Indira III]]
|-
! colspan="10"| Minister of Commerce
|-
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress (R)}}"|
| [[File:D. P. Chattopadhyaya Rajya Sabha photo.jpg|70px]]
| '''[[D. P. Chattopadhyaya]]''' {{small|(1933{{ndash}}2022) Rajya Sabha MP for [[West Bengal]]}} (Minister of State until 23 Dec 1976)
| 5 February 1973
| 24 March 1977
| {{ayd|5 Feb 1973|24 Mar 1977}}
| [[Indian National Congress (R)]]
| [[Third Indira Gandhi ministry|Indira III]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress (R)}}"|
| [[Indira Gandhi]]
|-
| bgcolor="{{party color|Janata Party}}"|
| [[File:MohanDharia.jpg|70px]]
| '''[[Mohan Dharia]]''' {{small|(1925{{ndash}}2013) MP for [[Pune Lok Sabha constituency|Pune]]}}
| 24 March 1977
| 28 July 1979
| {{ayd|1977|3|24|1979|7|28}}
| [[Janata Party]]
| [[Morarji Desai ministry|Desai]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Janata Party}}"|
| [[Morarji Desai]]
|-
| bgcolor="{{party color|Janata Party (Secular)}}"|
| [[File:Hitendra Desai Lok Sabha photo.jpg|70px]]
| '''[[Hitendra Kanaiyalal Desai]]''' {{small|(1915{{ndash}}1993) MP for [[Godhra Lok Sabha constituency|Godhra]]}}
| 30 July 1979
| 14 January 1980
| '''{{ayd|30 Jan 1979|14 Jan 1980}}'''
| [[Janata Party (Secular)]]
| [[Charan Singh ministry|Charan]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Janata Party (Secular)}}"|
| [[Charan Singh]]
|-
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress (I)}}"|
| [[File:Pranab Mukherjee Portrait (cropped).jpg|70px]]
| '''[[Pranab Mukherjee]]''' {{small|(1935{{ndash}}2020) Rajya Sabha MP for [[Gujarat]]}}
| 14 January 1980
| 15 January 1982
| {{ayd|14 Jan 1980|15 Jan 1982}}
| rowspan="4"| [[Indian National Congress (I)]]
| rowspan="4"| [[Fourth Indira Gandhi ministry|Indira IV]]
| rowspan="4" bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress (I)}}"|
| rowspan="4"| [[Indira Gandhi]]
|-
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress (I)}}"|
| [[File:Shivraj Patil in pensive mood at the inauguration of the one day Seminar on “The Role of Media in Bringing Parliament Closer to the People”.jpg|70px]]
| '''[[Shivraj Patil]]''' {{small|(born 1935) MP for [[Latur Lok Sabha constituency|Latur]]}} (Minister of State, I/C)
| 15 January 1982
| 29 January 1983
| {{ayd|15 Jan 1982|29 Jan 1983}}
|-
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress (I)}}"|
| [[File:V. P. Singh (cropped).jpg|70px]]
| '''[[V. P. Singh]]''' {{small|(1931{{ndash}}2008) Rajya Sabha MP for [[Uttar Pradesh]]}}
| 29 January 1983
| 7 September 1984
| {{ayd|29 Jan 1983|7 Sep 1984}}
|-
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress (I)}}"|
| [[File:Pranab Mukherjee Portrait (cropped).jpg|70px]]
| '''[[Pranab Mukherjee]]''' {{small|(1935{{ndash}}2020) Rajya Sabha MP for [[Gujarat]]}}
| 7 September 1984
| 31 October 1984
| {{ayd|7 Sep 1984|31 Oct 1984}}
|-
! colspan="10"| Minister of Commerce and Supply
|-
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress (I)}}"|
| [[File:Pranab Mukherjee Portrait (cropped).jpg|70px]]
| '''[[Pranab Mukherjee]]''' {{small|(1935{{ndash}}2020) Rajya Sabha MP for [[Gujarat]]}}
| 31 October 1984
| 31 December 1984
| {{ayd|31 Oct 1984|31 Dec 1984}}
| rowspan="3"| [[Indian National Congress (I)]]
| [[First Rajiv Gandhi ministry|Rajiv I]]
| rowspan="3" bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress (I)}}"|
| rowspan="3"| [[Rajiv Gandhi]]
|-
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress (I)}}"|
| [[File:RajivGandhi.jpg|70px]]
| '''[[Rajiv Gandhi]]''' {{small|(1944{{ndash}}1991) MP for [[Amethi Lok Sabha constituency|Amethi]]}} (Prime Minister)
| 31 December 1984
| 14 January 1985
| {{ayd|31 Dec 1984|14 Jan 1985}}
| rowspan="2"| [[Second Rajiv Gandhi ministry|Rajiv II]]
|-
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress (I)}}"|
| [[File:V. P. Singh (cropped).jpg|70px]]
| '''[[V. P. Singh]]''' {{small|(1931{{ndash}}2008) Rajya Sabha MP for [[Uttar Pradesh]]}}
| 14 January 1985
| 30 March 1985
| {{ayd|14 Jan 1985|30 Mar 1985}}
|-
! colspan="10"| Minister of Commerce
|-
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress (I)}}"|
| [[File:V. P. Singh (cropped).jpg|70px]]
| '''[[V. P. Singh]]''' {{small|(1931{{ndash}}2008) Rajya Sabha MP for [[Uttar Pradesh]]}}
| 30 March 1985
| 25 September 1985
| {{ayd|30 Mar 1985|25 Sep 1985}}
| rowspan="6"| [[Indian National Congress (I)]]
| rowspan="6"| [[Second Rajiv Gandhi ministry|Rajiv II]]
| rowspan="6" bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress (I)}}"|
| rowspan="6"| [[Rajiv Gandhi]]
|-
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress (I)}}"|
| [[File:Khurshed Alam Khan (cropped).jpg|70px]]
| '''[[Khurshed Alam Khan]]''' {{small|(1919{{ndash}}2013) MP for [[Farrukhabad Lok Sabha constituency|Farrukhabad]]}} (Minister of State, I/C)
| 25 September 1985
| 15 November 1985
| {{ayd|25 Sep 1985|15 Nov 1985}}
|-
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress (I)}}"|
| [[File:The Union Minister for Human Resource Development, Shri Arjun Singh briefing the press on Central Budget of HRD (2007-08), in New Delhi on March 09, 2007.jpg|70px]]
| '''[[Arjun Singh (Madhya Pradesh politician)|Arjun Singh]]''' {{small|(1930{{ndash}}2011) MP for [[South Delhi Lok Sabha constituency|South Delhi]]}}
| 15 November 1985
| 20 January 1986
| {{ayd|15 Nov 1985|20 Jan 1986}}
|-
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress (I)}}"|
| [[File:P. Shiv Shankar (cropped).jpg|70px]]
| '''[[P. Shiv Shankar]]''' {{small|(1929{{ndash}}2017) Rajya Sabha MP for [[Gujarat]]}}
| 20 January 1986
| 25 July 1987
| {{ayd|20 Jan 1986|25 Jul 1987}}
|-
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress (I)}}"|
| [[File:Shri Narayan Dutt Tiwari.jpg|70px]]
| '''[[N. D. Tiwari]]''' {{small|(1925{{ndash}}2018) Rajya Sabha MP for [[Uttar Pradesh]]}}
| 25 July 1987
| 25 June 1988
| {{ayd|25 Jul 1987|25 Jun 1988}}
|-
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress (I)}}"|
| [[File:Dinesh Singh Lok Sabha portrait.gif|70px]]
| '''[[Dinesh Singh (politician, born 1925)|Dinesh Singh]]''' {{small|(1925{{ndash}}1995) MP for [[Pratapgarh Lok Sabha constituency|Pratapgarh]]}}
| 25 June 1988
| 2 December 1989
| {{ayd|25 Jun 1988|2 Dec 1989}}
|-
| style="background:{{party color|Janata Dal}}"|
| [[File:V. P. Singh (cropped).jpg|70px]]
| '''[[V. P. Singh]]''' {{small|(1931{{ndash}}2008) MP for [[Fatehpur Lok Sabha constituency|Fatehpur]]}} (Prime Minister)
| 2 December 1989
| 5 December 1989
| {{ayd|1989|12|2|1989|12|5}}
| rowspan="2"| [[Janata Dal]]
| rowspan="2"| [[V. P. Singh ministry|Vishwanath]]
| rowspan="2" style="background:{{party color|Janata Dal}}"|
| rowspan="2"| [[V. P. Singh]]
|-
| bgcolor="{{party color|Janata Dal}}"|
| [[File:Arun Nehru.jpg|70px]]
| '''[[Arun Nehru]]''' {{small|(1944{{ndash}}2013) MP for [[Bilhaur Lok Sabha constituency|Bilhaur]]}}
| 6 December 1989
| 10 November 1990
| {{ayd|6 Dec 1989|10 Nov 1990}}
|-
| bgcolor="{{party color|Samajwadi Janata Party (Rashtriya)}}"|
| [[File:Chandra Shekhar Singh.jpg|70px]]
| '''[[Chandra Shekhar]]''' {{small|(1927{{ndash}}2007) MP for [[Ballia Lok Sabha constituency|Ballia]]}} (Prime Minister)
| 10 November 1990
| 21 November 1990
| {{ayd|1990|11|10|1990|11|21}}
| [[Samajwadi Janata Party (Rashtriya)]]
| rowspan="2"| [[Chandra Shekhar ministry|Chandra Shekhar]]
| rowspan="2" bgcolor="{{party color|Samajwadi Janata Party (Rashtriya)}}"|
| rowspan="2"| [[Chandra Shekhar]]
|-
| bgcolor="{{party color|Janata Party}}"|
| [[File:Subramanian Swamy.JPG|70px]]
| '''[[Subramanian Swamy]]''' {{small|(born 1939) Rajya Sabha MP for [[Uttar Pradesh]]}}
| 21 November 1990
| 21 June 1991
| {{ayd|21 Nov 1990|21 Jun 1991}}
| [[Janata Party]]
|-
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress (I)}}"|
| [[File:P. Chidambaram.jpg|70px]]
| '''[[P. Chidambaram]]''' {{small|(born 1945) MP for [[Sivaganga Lok Sabha constituency|Sivaganga]]}} (Minister of State, I/C)
| 21 June 1991
| 9 July 1992
| {{ayd|21 Jun 1991|9 Jul 1992}}
| rowspan="5"| [[Indian National Congress (I)]]
| rowspan="5"| [[Rao ministry|Rao]]
| rowspan="5" bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress (I)}}"|
| rowspan="5"| [[P. V. Narasimha Rao]]
|-
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress (I)}}"|
| [[File:Visit of Narasimha Rao, Indian Minister for Foreign Affairs, to the CEC (cropped)(2).jpg|70px]]
| '''[[P. V. Narasimha Rao]]''' {{small|(1921{{ndash}}2004) MP for [[Nandyal Lok Sabha constituency|Nandyal]]}} (Prime Minister)
| 9 July 1992
| 17 January 1993
| {{ayd|9 Jul 1992|17 Jan 1993}}
|-
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress (I)}}"|
| [[File:Pranab Mukherjee Portrait (cropped).jpg|70px]]
| '''[[Pranab Mukherjee]]''' {{small|(1935{{ndash}}2020) Rajya MP for [[West Bengal]]}}
| 18 January 1993
| 10 February 1995
| {{ayd|18 Jan 1993|10 Feb 1995}}
|-
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress (I)}}"|
| [[File:P. Chidambaram.jpg|70px]]
| '''[[P. Chidambaram]]''' {{small|(born 1945) MP for [[Sivaganga Lok Sabha constituency|Sivaganga]]}} (Minister of State, I/C)
| 10 February 1995
| 3 April 1996
| {{ayd|10 Feb 1995|3 Apr 1996}}
|-
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress (I)}}"|
| [[File:Visit of Narasimha Rao, Indian Minister for Foreign Affairs, to the CEC (cropped)(2).jpg|70px]]
| '''[[P. V. Narasimha Rao]]''' {{small|(1921{{ndash}}2004) MP for [[Nandyal Lok Sabha constituency|Nandyal]]}} (Prime Minister)
| 3 April 1996
| 16 May 1996
| {{ayd|3 Apr 1996|16 May 1996}}
|-
| bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"|
| [[File:Atal Bihari Vajpayee (crop 2).jpg|70px]]
| '''[[Atal Bihari Vajpayee]]''' {{small|(1924{{ndash}}2018) MP for [[Lucknow Lok Sabha constituency|Lucknow]]}} (Prime Minister)
| 16 May 1996
| 1 June 1996
| {{ayd|16 May 1996|1 Jun 1996}}
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| [[First Vajpayee ministry|Vajpayee I]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|BJP}}"|
| [[Atal Bihari Vajpayee]]
|-
| bgcolor="{{party color|Janata Dal}}"|
| [[File:Devendra Prasad Yadav.png|70px]]
| '''[[Devendra Prasad Yadav]]''' {{small|(born 1953) MP for [[Jhanjharpur Lok Sabha constituency|Jhanjharpur]]}}
| 1 June 1996
| 29 June 1996
| {{ayd|1 Jun 1996|29 Jun 1996}}
| [[Janata Dal]]
| rowspan="2"| [[Deve Gowda ministry|Deve Gowda]]
| rowspan="2" bgcolor="{{party color|Janata Dal}}"|
| rowspan="2"| [[H. D. Deve Gowda]]
|-
| rowspan="2" bgcolor="{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}}"|
| rowspan="2"| [[File:Bolla Bulli Ramaiah.jpg|70px]]
| rowspan="2"| '''[[Bolla Bulli Ramaiah]]''' {{small|(1926{{ndash}}2018) MP for [[Eluru Lok Sabha constituency|Eluru]]}} (Minister of State, I/C)
| 29 June 1996
| 21 April 1997
| rowspan="2"| {{ayd|29 Jun 1996|21 Apr 1997}}
| rowspan="2"| [[Telugu Desam Party]]
|-
| 21 April 1997
| 19 March 1998
| [[Gujral ministry|Gujral]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Janata Dal}}"|
| [[I. K. Gujral]]
|-
| bgcolor="{{party color|Lok Shakti}}"|
| [[File:Ramakrishna Hegde portrait.jpg|70px]]
| '''[[Ramakrishna Hegde]]''' {{small|(1926{{ndash}}2004) Rajya Sabha MP for [[Karnataka]]}}
| 19 March 1998
| 13 October 1999
| {{ayd|19 Mar 1998|13 Oct 1999}}
| [[Lok Shakti]]
| [[Second Vajpayee ministry|Vajpayee II]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|BJP}}"|
| [[Atal Bihari Vajpayee]]
|-
! colspan="10"| {{nobold|''Merged with Ministry of Industry to constitute the Ministry of Commerce and Industry.''}}
|-
|}

=== Minister of Industry (1950{{ndash}}1999) ===

;Key
:{{note label|†|†|†}} Assassinated or died in office

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! rowspan="2" colspan="2"| Portrait
! rowspan="2" style="width:18em" |Minister {{small|(Birth-Death) Constituency}}
! colspan="3" |Term of office
! rowspan="2" style="width:8em" |Political party
! rowspan="2" style="width:6em" | Ministry
! rowspan="2" colspan="2" |Prime Minister
|-
! style="width:9em"| From
! style="width:9em"| To
! style="width:6em"| Period
|-
! colspan="10"| Minister of Industry and Supply
|-
| bgcolor="{{party color|Hindu Mahasabha}}"|
| [[File:Shyama Prasad Mukherjee portrait in Parliament.jpg|70px]]
| '''[[Syama Prasad Mukherjee]]''' {{small|(1901{{ndash}}1953) MCA for [[West Bengal]]}}
| 15 August 1947
| 19 April 1950
| {{ayd|15 Aug 1947|19 Apr 1950}}
| [[Hindu Mahasabha]]
| rowspan="3"| [[First Nehru ministry|Nehru I]]
| rowspan="3" bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
| rowspan="3" style="width:7em"| [[Jawaharlal Nehru]]
|-
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
| [[File:Jawaharlal Nehru close-up (cropped).jpg|70px]]
| '''[[Jawaharlal Nehru]]''' {{small|(1889{{ndash}}1964) MP for [[United Provinces (1937–1950)|United Provinces]]}} (Prime Minister)
| 19 April 1950
| 13 May 1950
| {{ayd|19 Apr 1950|13 May 1950}}
|-
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
| [[File:Harekrushna Mahatab 2000 stamp of India.jpg|70px]]
| '''[[Harekrushna Mahatab]]''' {{small|(1899{{ndash}}1987) MP for [[Orissa]] (Interim)}}
| 13 May 1950
| 26 December 1950
| {{ayd|13 May 1950|26 Dec 1950}}
|-
! colspan="10"| {{nobold|''Merged with Ministry of Commerce during this interval.''}}
|-
! colspan="10"| Minister of Industry
|-
| rowspan="2" bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
| rowspan="2"| [[File:Nityanand Kanungo.jpg|70px]]
| rowspan="2"| '''[[Nityanand Kanungo]]''' {{small|(1900{{ndash}}1988) MP for [[Cuttack Lok Sabha constituency|Cuttack]]}} (Minister of State)
| rowspan="2"| 19 July 1963
| rowspan="2"| 9 June 1964
| rowspan="2"| {{ayd|19 Jul 1963|9 Jun 1964}}
| rowspan="3"| [[Indian National Congress]]
| [[Fourth Nehru ministry|Nehru IV]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
| [[Jawaharlal Nehru]]
|-
| [[First Nanda ministry|Nanda I]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
| [[Gulzarilal Nanda]]
|-
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
| [[File:Swaran Singh Lok Sabha photo.jpg|70px]]
| '''[[Swaran Singh]]''' {{small|(1907{{ndash}}1994) MP for [[Jalandhar Lok Sabha constituency|Jullundur]]}}
| 9 June 1964
| 20 June 1964
| {{ayd|9 Jun 1964|20 Jun 1964}}
| [[Shastri ministry|Shastri]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
| [[Lal Bahadur Shastri]]
|-
! colspan="10"| Minister of Industry and Supply
|-
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
| [[File:Swaran Singh Lok Sabha photo.jpg|70px]]
| '''[[Swaran Singh]]''' {{small|(1907{{ndash}}1994) MP for [[Jalandhar Lok Sabha constituency|Jullundur]]}}
| 20 June 1964
| 19 July 1964
| {{ayd|20 Jun 1964|19 Jul 1964}}
| rowspan="4"| [[Indian National Congress]]
| rowspan="3"| [[Shastri ministry|Shastri]]
| rowspan="3" bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
| rowspan="3"| [[Lal Bahadur Shastri]]
|-
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
| [[File:H. C. Dasappa official portrait.gif|70px]]
| '''[[H. C. Dasappa]]''' {{small|(1894{{ndash}}1964) MP for Bangalore}}
| 19 July 1964
| 29 October 1964{{ref label|†|†|†}}
| {{ayd|19 Jul 1964|29 Oct 1964}}
|-
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
| [[File:Tribhuvan Narayan Singh Lok Sabha photo.jpg|70px]]
| '''[[Tribhuvan Narain Singh]]''' {{small|(1904{{ndash}}1982) Rajya Sabha MP for [[Uttar Pradesh]]}} (Minister of State)
| 30 October 1964
| 5 February 1965
| {{ayd|30 Oct 1964|5 Feb 1965}}
|-
! colspan="10"| Minister of Industry
|-
| rowspan="2" bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
| rowspan="2"| [[File:Tribhuvan Narayan Singh Lok Sabha photo.jpg|70px]]
| rowspan="2"| '''[[Tribhuvan Narain Singh]]''' {{small|(1904{{ndash}}1982) Rajya Sabha MP for [[Uttar Pradesh]]}} (Minister of State)
| rowspan="2"| 5 February 1965
| rowspan="2"| 24 January 1966
| rowspan="2"| {{ayd|5 Feb 1965|24 Jan 1966}}
| rowspan="3"| [[Indian National Congress]]
| [[Shastri ministry|Shastri]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
| [[Lal Bahadur Shastri]]
|-
| [[Second Nanda ministry|Nanda II]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
| [[Gulzarilal Nanda]]
|-
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
| [[File:Damodaram Sanjivayya 2008 stamp of India (cropped).jpg|70px]]
| '''[[Damodaram Sanjivayya]]''' {{small|(1921{{ndash}}1972) Rajya Sabha MP for [[Andhra Pradesh]]}}
| 24 January 1966
| 13 March 1967
| {{ayd|24 Jan 1966|13 Mar 1967}}
| [[First Indira Gandhi ministry|Indira I]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
| [[Indira Gandhi]]
|-
! colspan="10"| Minister of Industrial Development and Company Affairs
|-
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
| [[File:President Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed.jpg|70px]]
| '''[[Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed]]''' {{small|(1905{{ndash}}1977) MP for [[Barpeta Lok Sabha constituency|Barpeta]]}}
| 13 March 1967
| 14 February 1969
| {{ayd|13 Mar 1967|14 Feb 1969}}
| [[Indian National Congress]]
| [[Second Indira Gandhi ministry|Indira II]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
| [[Indira Gandhi]]
|-
! colspan="10"| Minister of Industrial Development, Internal Trade and Company Affairs
|-
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress (R)}}"|
| [[File:President Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed.jpg|70px]]
| '''[[Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed]]''' {{small|(1905{{ndash}}1977) MP for [[Barpeta Lok Sabha constituency|Barpeta]]}}
| 14 February 1969
| 27 June 1970
| {{ayd|14 Feb 1969|27 Jun 1970}}
| [[Indian National Congress (R)]]
| [[Second Indira Gandhi ministry|Indira II]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress (R)}}"|
| [[Indira Gandhi]]
|-
! colspan="10"| Minister of Industrial Development and Internal Trade
|-
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress (R)}}"|
| [[File:Dinesh Singh Lok Sabha portrait.gif|70px]]
| '''[[Dinesh Singh (politician, born 1925)|Dinesh Singh]]''' {{small|(1925{{ndash}}1995) MP for [[Pratapgarh Lok Sabha constituency|Pratapgarh]]}}
| 27 June 1970
| 18 March 1971
| {{ayd|27 Jun 1970|18 Mar 1971}}
| [[Indian National Congress (R)]]
| [[Second Indira Gandhi ministry|Indira II]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress (R)}}"|
| [[Indira Gandhi]]
|-
! colspan="10"| Minister of Industrial Development
|-
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress (R)}}"|
| [[File:Moinul Hoque Choudhury.gif|70px]]
| '''[[Moinul Hoque Choudhury]]''' {{small|(1923{{ndash}}1976) MP for [[Dhubri Lok Sabha constituency|Dhubri]]}}
| 18 March 1971
| 22 July 1972
| {{ayd|18 Mar 1971|22 Jul 1972}}
| rowspan="2"| [[Indian National Congress (R)]]
| rowspan="2"| [[Third Indira Gandhi ministry|Indira III]]
| rowspan="2" bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress (R)}}"|
| rowspan="2"| [[Indira Gandhi]]
|-
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress (R)}}"|
| [[File:Chidambaram Subramaniam Lok Sabha photo.jpg|70px]]
| '''[[Chidambaram Subramaniam]]''' {{small|(1910{{ndash}}2000) MP for [[Krishnagiri Lok Sabha constituency|Krishnagiri]]}}
| 22 July 1972
| 10 October 1974
| {{ayd|22 Jul 1972|10 Oct 1974}}
|-
! colspan="10"| Minister of Industry and Civil Supplies
|-
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress (R)}}"|
| [[File:T. A. Pai photo.jpg|70px]]
| '''[[T. A. Pai]]''' {{small|(1922{{ndash}}1981) Rajya Sabha MP for [[Karnataka]]}}
| 10 October 1974
| 9 August 1976
| {{ayd|10 Oct 1974|9 Aug 1976}}
| [[Indian National Congress (R)]]
| [[Third Indira Gandhi ministry|Indira III]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress (R)}}"|
| [[Indira Gandhi]]
|-
! colspan="10"| Minister of Industry
|-
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress (R)}}"|
| [[File:T. A. Pai photo.jpg|70px]]
| '''[[T. A. Pai]]''' {{small|(1922{{ndash}}1981) Rajya Sabha MP for [[Karnataka]]}}
| 9 August 1976
| 24 March 1977
| {{ayd|9 Aug 1976|24 Mar 1977}}
| [[Indian National Congress (R)]]
| [[Third Indira Gandhi ministry|Indira III]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress (R)}}"|
| [[Indira Gandhi]]
|-
| bgcolor="{{party color|Janata Party}}"|
| [[File:Morarji Desai visits the USA (cropped).jpg|70px]]
| '''[[Morarji Desai]]''' {{small|(1896–1995) MP for [[Surat Lok Sabha constituency|Surat]]}} (Prime Minister)
| 24 March 1977
| 28 March 1977
| {{ayd|1977|3|24|1977|3|26}}
| rowspan="4"| [[Janata Party]]
| rowspan="4"| [[Morarji Desai ministry|Desai]]
| rowspan="4" bgcolor="{{party color|Janata Party}}"|
| rowspan="4"| [[Morarji Desai]]
|-
| bgcolor="{{party color|Janata Party}}"|
|
| '''[[Brij Lal Varma]]''' {{small|(1916{{ndash}}1987) MP for [[Mahasamund Lok Sabha constituency|Mahasamund]]}}
| 28 March 1977
| 6 July 1977
| {{ayd|28 Mar 1977|6 Jul 1977}}
|-
| bgcolor="{{party color|Janata Party}}"|
| [[File:George Fernandes (cropped).jpg|70px]]
| '''[[George Fernandes]]''' {{small|(1930{{ndash}}2019) MP for [[Muzaffarpur Lok Sabha constituency|Muzaffarpur]]}}
| 6 July 1977
| 15 July 1979
| {{ayd|6 Jul 1977|15 Jul 1979}}
|-
| bgcolor="{{party color|Janata Party}}"|
| [[File:Morarji Desai visits the USA (cropped).jpg|70px]]
| '''[[Morarji Desai]]''' {{small|(1896–1995) MP for [[Surat Lok Sabha constituency|Surat]]}} (Prime Minister)
| 15 July 1979
| 28 July 1979
| {{ayd|15 Jul 1979|28 Jul 1979}}
|-
| style="background:{{party color|Janata Party (Secular)}}"|
| [[File:Prime minister Charan Singh (cropped).jpg|70px]]
| '''[[Charan Singh]]''' {{small|(1902{{ndash}}1987) MP for [[Baghpat Lok Sabha constituency|Baghpat]]}} (Prime Minister)
| 28 July 1979
| 30 July 1979
| {{ayd|28 Jul 1979|30 Jul 1979}}
| [[Janata Party (Secular)]]
| rowspan="3"| [[Charan Singh ministry|Charan]]
| rowspan="3" style="background:{{party color|Janata Party (Secular)}}"|
| rowspan="3"| [[Charan Singh]]
|-
| style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress (U)}}"|
| [[File:Kasu Brahmananda Reddy.jpg|70px]]
| '''[[Kasu Brahmananda Reddy]]''' {{small|(1909{{ndash}}1994) Rajya Sabha MP for [[Andhra Pradesh]]}}
| 30 July 1979
| 27 November 1979
| {{ayd|30 Jul 1979|27 Nov 1979}}
| [[Indian National Congress (U)]]
|-
| style="background:{{party color|Janata Party (Secular)}}"|
| [[File:T. A. Pai photo.jpg|70px]]
| '''[[T. A. Pai]]''' {{small|(1922{{ndash}}1981) Rajya Sabha MP for [[Karnataka]]}}
| 27 November 1979
| 14 January 1980
| {{ayd|27 Nov 1979|14 Jan 1980}}
| [[Janata Party (Secular)]]
|-
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
| [[File:R Venkataraman.jpg|70px]]
| '''[[Ramaswamy Venkataraman]]''' {{small|(1910{{ndash}}2009) MP for [[Chennai South Lok Sabha constituency|Madras South]]}}
| 16 January 1980
| 3 April 1980
| '''{{ayd|16 Jan 1980|3 Apr 1980}}'''
| rowspan="6"| [[Indian National Congress]]
| rowspan="6"| [[Fourth Indira Gandhi ministry|Indira IV]]
| rowspan="6" bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
| rowspan="6"| [[Indira Gandhi]]
|-
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
| [[File:Indira Gandhi official portrait.png|70px]]
| '''[[Indira Gandhi]]''' {{small|(1917{{ndash}}1984) MP for [[Medak Lok Sabha constituency|Medak]]}} (Prime Minister)
| 3 April 1980
| 8 August 1981
| '''{{ayd|3 Apr 1980|8 Aug 1981}}'''
|-
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
| [[File:Shri Narayan Dutt Tiwari.jpg|70px]]
| '''[[N. D. Tiwari]]''' {{small|(1925{{ndash}}2018) MP for [[Nainital Lok Sabha constituency|Nainital]]}}
| 8 August 1981
| 3 August 1984
| {{ayd|8 Aug 1981|3 Aug 1984}}
|-
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
| [[File:Indira Gandhi official portrait.png|70px]]
| '''[[Indira Gandhi]]''' {{small|(1917{{ndash}}1984) MP for [[Medak Lok Sabha constituency|Medak]]}} (Prime Minister)
| 3 August 1984
| 14 August 1984
| {{ayd|3 Aug 1984|14 Aug 1984}}
|-
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
| [[File:V. P. Singh (cropped).jpg|70px]]
| '''[[V. P. Singh]]''' {{small|(1931{{ndash}}2008) Rajya Sabha MP for [[Uttar Pradesh]]}}
| 14 August 1984
| 7 September 1984
| {{ayd|14 Aug 1984|7 Sep 1984}}
|-
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
| [[File:Kotla Vijaya Bhaskara Reddy.jpg|70px]]
| '''[[Kotla Vijaya Bhaskara Reddy]]''' {{small|(1920{{ndash}}2001) MP for [[Kurnool Lok Sabha constituency|Kurnool]]}}
| 7 September 1984
| 31 October 1984
| {{ayd|7 Sep 1984|31 Oct 1984}}
|-
! colspan="10"| Minister of Industry and Company Affairs
|-
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
| [[File:Kotla Vijaya Bhaskara Reddy.jpg|70px]]
| '''[[Kotla Vijaya Bhaskara Reddy]]''' {{small|(1920{{ndash}}2001) MP for [[Kurnool Lok Sabha constituency|Kurnool]]}}
| 4 November 1984
| 31 December 1984
| {{ayd|4 Nov 1984|31 Dec 1984}}
| rowspan="3"| [[Indian National Congress]]
| [[First Rajiv Gandhi ministry|Rajiv I]]
| rowspan="3" bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
| rowspan="3"| [[Rajiv Gandhi]]
|-
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
| [[File:Rajiv Gandhi, the 6th PM of India.jpg|70px]]
| [[Rajiv Gandhi]] {{small|(1944{{ndash}}1991) MP for [[Amethi Lok Sabha constituency|Amethi]]}} (Prime Minister)
| 31 December 1984
| 14 January 1985
| {{ayd|31 Dec 1984|14 Jan 1985}}
| rowspan="2"| [[Second Rajiv Gandhi ministry|Rajiv II]]
|-
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|
| '''[[Veerendra Patil]]''' {{small|(1924{{ndash}}1997) MP for [[Bagalkot Lok Sabha constituency|Bagalkot]]}}
| 14 January 1985
| 25 September 1985
| {{ayd|14 Jan 1985|25 Sep 1985}}
|-
! colspan="10"| Minister of Industry
|-
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
| [[File:Shri Narayan Dutt Tiwari.jpg|70px]]
| '''[[N. D. Tiwari]]''' {{small|(1925{{ndash}}2018) Rajya Sabha MP for [[Uttar Pradesh]]}}
| 25 September 1985
| 22 October 1986
| {{ayd|25 Sep 1985|22 Oct 1986}}
| rowspan="2"| [[Indian National Congress]]
| rowspan="2"| [[Second Rajiv Gandhi ministry|Rajiv II]]
| rowspan="2" bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
| rowspan="2"| [[Rajiv Gandhi]]
|-
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
| [[File:Jalagam Vengala Rao.jpg|70px]]
| '''[[Jalagam Vengala Rao]]''' {{small|(1921{{ndash}}1999) MP for [[Khammam Lok Sabha constituency|Khammam]]}}
| 22 October 1986
| 2 December 1989
| {{ayd|22 Oct 1986|2 Dec 1989}}
|-
| style="background:{{party color|Janata Dal}}"|
| [[File:V. P. Singh (cropped).jpg|70px]]
| '''[[V. P. Singh]]''' {{small|(1931{{ndash}}2008) MP for [[Fatehpur Lok Sabha constituency|Fatehpur]]}} (Prime Minister)
| 2 December 1989
| 5 December 1989
| {{ayd|1989|12|2|1989|12|5}}
| rowspan="2"| [[Janata Dal]]
| rowspan="2"| [[V. P. Singh ministry|Vishwanath]]
| rowspan="2" style="background:{{party color|Janata Dal}}"|
| rowspan="2"| [[V. P. Singh]]
|-
| bgcolor="{{party color|Janata Dal}}"|
| [[File:Ajit Singh at press conference.jpg|70px]]
| '''[[Ajit Singh (politician, born 1939)|Ajit Singh]]''' {{small|(1939{{ndash}}2021) MP for [[Baghpat Lok Sabha constituency|Baghpat]]}}
| 6 December 1989
| 10 November 1990
| {{ayd|6 Dec 1989|10 Nov 1990}}
|-
| bgcolor="{{party color|Samajwadi Janata Party (Rashtriya)}}"|
| [[File:Chandra Shekhar Singh.jpg|70px]]
| '''[[Chandra Shekhar]]''' {{small|(1927{{ndash}}2007) MP for [[Ballia Lok Sabha constituency|Ballia]]}} (Prime Minister)
| 10 November 1990
| 21 June 1991
| {{ayd|1990|11|10|1991|6|21}}
| [[Samajwadi Janata Party (Rashtriya)]]
| [[Chandra Shekhar ministry|Chandra Shekhar]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Samajwadi Janata Party (Rashtriya)}}"|
| [[Chandra Shekhar]]
|-
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
| [[File:Visit of Narasimha Rao, Indian Minister for Foreign Affairs, to the CEC (cropped)(2).jpg|70px]]
| '''[[P. V. Narasimha Rao]]''' {{small|(1921{{ndash}}2004) MP for [[Nandyal Lok Sabha constituency|Nandyal]]}} (Prime Minister)
| 21 June 1991
| 11 June 1995
| {{ayd|21 Jun 1991|11 Jun 1995}}
| rowspan="2"| [[Indian National Congress]]
| rowspan="2"| [[Rao ministry|Rao]]
| rowspan="2" bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
| rowspan="2"| [[P. V. Narasimha Rao]]
|-
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
| [[File:K. Karunakaran (image).jpg|70px]]
| '''[[K. Karunakaran]]''' {{small|(1918{{ndash}}2010) Rajya Sabha MP for [[Kerala]]}}
| 11 June 1995
| 16 May 1996
| {{ayd|11 Jun 1995|16 May 1996}}
|-
| bgcolor="{{party color|Shiv Sena}}"|
| [[File:Suresh Prabhu (cropped).jpg|70px]]
| '''[[Suresh Prabhu]]''' {{small|(born 1953) MP for [[Rajapur Lok Sabha constituency|Rajapur]]}}
| 16 May 1996
| 1 June 1996
| {{ayd|16 May 1996|1 Jun 1996}}
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| [[First Vajpayee ministry|Vajpayee I]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|BJP}}"|
| [[Atal Bihari Vajpayee]]
|-
| rowspan="2" bgcolor="{{party color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}"|
| rowspan="2"| [[File:Murasoli Maran Lok Sabha photo.jpg|70px]]
| rowspan="2"| '''[[Murasoli Maran]]''' {{small|(1934{{ndash}}2003) MP for [[Chennai South Lok Sabha constituency|Chennai South]]}}
| rowspan="2"| 1 June 1996
| rowspan="2"| 19 March 1998
| rowspan="2"| '''{{ayd|1 Jun 1996|19 Mar 1998}}'''
| rowspan="2"| [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]
| [[Deve Gowda ministry|Deve Gowda]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Janata Dal}}"|
| [[H. D. Deve Gowda]]
|-
| [[Gujral ministry|Gujral]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Janata Dal}}"|
| [[I. K. Gujral]]
|-
| bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"|
| [[File:Sikander Bakht Lok Sabha photo.jpg|70px]]
| '''[[Sikander Bakht]]''' {{small|(1918{{ndash}}2004) Rajya Sabha MP for [[Madhya Pradesh]]}}
| 19 March 1998
| 13 October 1999
| {{ayd|19 Mar 1998|13 Oct 1999}}
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| [[Second Vajpayee ministry|Vajpayee II]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"|
| [[Atal Bihari Vajpayee]]
|-
! colspan="10"| {{nobold|''Merged with Ministry of Industry to form Ministry of Commerce and Industry.''}}
|-
|}

=== Minister of Commerce and Industry (1999{{ndash}}present) ===

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! rowspan="2" colspan="2"| Portrait
! rowspan="2" style="width:18em" |Minister {{small|(Birth-Death) Constituency}}
! colspan="3" |Term of office
! rowspan="2" style="width:8em" |Political party
! rowspan="2" style="width:6em" | Ministry
! rowspan="2" colspan="2" |Prime Minister
|-
! style="width:9em"| From
! style="width:9em"| To
! style="width:6em"| Period
|-
| bgcolor="{{party color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}"|
| [[File:Murasoli Maran Lok Sabha photo.jpg|70px]]
| '''[[Murasoli Maran]]''' {{small|(1934{{ndash}}2003) MP for [[Chennai South Lok Sabha constituency|Chennai South]]}}
| 13 October 1999
| 9 November 2002
| {{ayd|13 Oct 1999|9 Nov 2002}}
| [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]
| rowspan="3"| [[Third Vajpayee ministry|Vajpayee III]]
| rowspan="3" bgcolor="{{party color|BJP}}"|
| rowspan="3" style="width:7em"| [[Atal Bihari Vajpayee]]
|-
| bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"|
| [[File:Arun Shourie cropped.jpg|70px]]
| '''[[Arun Shourie]]''' {{small|(born 1941) Rajya Sabha MP for [[Uttar Pradesh]]}}
| 9 November 2002
| 29 January 2003
| {{ayd|9 Nov 2002|29 Jan 2003}}
| rowspan="2"| [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
| bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"|
| [[File:Official photograph of the Union Minister for Finance, Corporate Affairs and Information & Broadcasting, Shri Arun Jaitley.jpg|70px]]
| '''[[Arun Jaitley]]''' {{small|(1952{{ndash}}2019) Rajya Sabha MP for [[Gujarat]]}}
| 29 January 2003
| 22 May 2004
| {{ayd|29 Jan 2003|22 May 2004}}
|-
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
| [[File:Kamal Nath 2012.jpg|70px]]
| '''[[Kamal Nath]]''' {{small|(born 1946) MP for [[Chhindwara Lok Sabha constituency|Chhindwara]]}}
| 23 May 2004
| 22 May 2009
| {{ayd|23 May 2004|22 May 2009}}
| rowspan="2"| [[Indian National Congress]]
| [[First Manmohan Singh ministry|Manmohan I]]
| rowspan="2" bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
| rowspan="2"| [[Manmohan Singh]]
|-
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
| [[File:Anand_Sharma_-_World_Economic_Forum_Annual_Meeting_2012.jpg|70px]]
| '''[[Anand Sharma]]''' {{small|(born 1953) Rajya Sabha MP for [[Rajasthan]]}}
| 28 May 2009
| 26 May 2014
| {{ayd|28 May 2009|26 May 2014}}
| [[Second Manmohan Singh ministry|Manmohan II]]
|-
| bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"|
| [[File:Am 11. April 2025 empfing Außenministerin Beate Meinl-Reisinger die indische Finanzministerin Nirmala Sitharaman in Wien (54445397025) (cropped).jpg|70px]]
| '''[[Nirmala Sitharaman]]''' {{small|(born 1959) Rajya Sabha MP for [[Andhra Pradesh]]}} (Minister of State, I/C)
| 27 May 2014
| 3 September 2017
| {{ayd|27 May 2014|3 Sep 2017}}
| rowspan="4"| [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| rowspan="2"| [[First Modi ministry|Modi I]]
| rowspan="4" bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"|
| rowspan="4"| [[Narendra Modi]]
|-
| bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"|
| [[File:Suresh Prabhu (cropped).jpg|70px]]
| '''[[Suresh Prabhu]]''' {{small|(born 1953) Rajya Sabha MP for [[Andhra Pradesh]]}}
| 3 September 2017
| 30 May 2019
| {{ayd|3 Sep 2017|30 May 2019}}
|-
| rowspan="2" bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"|
| rowspan="2"| [[File:Piyush Goyal crop.jpg|70px]]
| rowspan="2"| '''[[Piyush Goyal]]''' {{small|(born 1964) Rajya Sabha MP for [[Maharashtra]], till 2024 MP for [[Mumbai North Lok Sabha constituency|Mumbai North]], from 2024}}
| rowspan="2"| 31 May 2019
| rowspan="2"| Incumbent
| rowspan="2"| {{ayd|31 May 2019}}
| [[Second Modi ministry|Modi II]]
|-
| [[Third Modi ministry|Modi III]]
|-
|}

== Ministers of State ==

===Minister of State for Commerce (1947{{ndash}}1999) ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! rowspan="2" colspan="2" |Portrait
! rowspan="2" style="width:16em" |Minister {{small|(Birth-Death) Constituency}}
! colspan="3" |Term of office
! rowspan="2" style="width:8em" |Political party
! rowspan="2"| Ministry
! rowspan="2" colspan="2"| Prime Minister
|-
!style="width:7em"| From
!style="width:7em"| To
!style="width:6em"| Period
|-
!colspan="10"| Minister of State for Commerce and Industry
|-
|bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|[[File:D. P. Karmarkar Lok Sabha photo.jpg|70px]]
|'''[[D. P. Karmarkar]]''' {{small|(1902{{ndash}}1991) MP for [[Dharwad North Lok Sabha constituency|Dharwad North]]}}
|{{small|12 August}} 1952
|{{small|13 June}} 1956
|'''{{ayd|12 Aug 1952|13 Jun 1956}}'''
|rowspan="4"| [[Indian National Congress]]
|rowspan="4"| [[Second Nehru ministry|Nehru II]]
|rowspan="4" bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|rowspan="4"| [[Jawaharlal Nehru]]
|-
|bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|[[File:Manubhai Shah Lok Sabha portrait.gif|70px]]
|'''[[Manubhai Shah]]''' {{small|(1915{{ndash}}2000) MP for [[Jamnagar Lok Sabha constituency|Jamnagar]]}} ''Minister of Industrial Development''
|{{small|1 May}} 1956
|{{small|13 June}} 1956
|'''{{ayd|1 May 1956|13 Jun 1956}}'''
|-
|bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|[[File:D. P. Karmarkar Lok Sabha photo.jpg|70px]]
|'''[[D. P. Karmarkar]]''' {{small|(1902{{ndash}}1991) MP for [[Dharwad North Lok Sabha constituency|Dharwad North]]}} ''Minister of Trade''
|rowspan="2"| {{small|13 June}} 1956
|rowspan="2"| {{small|30 August}} 1956
|rowspan="2"| '''{{ayd|13 Jun 1956|30 Aug 1956}}'''
|-
|bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|[[File:Nityanand Kanungo.jpg|70px]]
|'''[[Nityanand Kanungo]]''' {{small|(1900{{ndash}}1988) MP for [[Kendrapara Lok Sabha constituency|Kendrapara]]}} ''Minister of Consumer Industries''
|-
!colspan="10"| Minister of State for Commerce and Consumer Industries
|-
|bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|[[File:D. P. Karmarkar Lok Sabha photo.jpg|70px]]
|'''[[D. P. Karmarkar]]''' {{small|(1902{{ndash}}1991) MP for [[Dharwad North Lok Sabha constituency|Dharwad North]]}} ''Minister of Trade''
|rowspan="2"| {{small|30 August}} 1956
|rowspan="2"| {{small|1 January}} 1957
|rowspan="2"| '''{{ayd|30 Aug 1956|1 Jan 1957}}'''
|rowspan="2"| [[Indian National Congress]]
|rowspan="2"| [[Second Nehru ministry|Nehru II]]
|rowspan="2" bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|rowspan="2"| [[Jawaharlal Nehru]]
|-
|bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|[[File:Nityanand Kanungo.jpg|70px]]
|'''[[Nityanand Kanungo]]''' {{small|(1900{{ndash}}1988) MP for [[Kendrapara Lok Sabha constituency|Kendrapara]]}} ''Minister of Consumer Industries''
|-
!colspan="10"| Minister of State for Commerce and Industry
|-
|bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|[[File:D. P. Karmarkar Lok Sabha photo.jpg|70px]]
|'''[[D. P. Karmarkar]]''' {{small|(1902{{ndash}}1991) MP for [[Dharwad North Lok Sabha constituency|Dharwad North]]}} ''Minister of Trade''
|rowspan="2"| {{small|1 January}} 1957
|rowspan="2"| {{small|17 April}} 1957
|rowspan="2"| '''{{ayd|1 Jan 1957|17 Apr 1957}}'''
|rowspan="6"| [[Indian National Congress]]
|rowspan="2"| [[Second Nehru ministry|Nehru II]]
|rowspan="6" bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|rowspan="6"| [[Jawaharlal Nehru]]
|-
|bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|[[File:Nityanand Kanungo.jpg|70px]]
|'''[[Nityanand Kanungo]]''' {{small|(1900{{ndash}}1988) MP for [[Kendrapara Lok Sabha constituency|Kendrapara]]}} ''Minister of Consumer Industries''
|-
|bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|[[File:Manubhai Shah Lok Sabha portrait.gif|70px]]
|'''[[Manubhai Shah]]''' {{small|(1915{{ndash}}2000) MP for [[Jamnagar Lok Sabha constituency|Jamnagar]]}} ''Minister of Industry, from 25 April 1957''
|rowspan="2"| {{small|17 April}} 1957
|rowspan="2"| {{small|10 April}} 1962
|rowspan="2"| '''{{ayd|17 Apr 1957|10 Apr 1962}}'''
|rowspan="2"| [[Third Nehru ministry|Nehru III]]
|-
|bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|[[File:Nityanand Kanungo.jpg|70px]]
|'''[[Nityanand Kanungo]]''' {{small|(1900{{ndash}}1988) MP for [[Cuttack Lok Sabha constituency|Cuttack]]}} ''Minister of Commerce, from 25 April 1957''
|-
|bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|[[File:Manubhai Shah Lok Sabha portrait.gif|70px]]
|'''[[Manubhai Shah]]''' {{small|(1915{{ndash}}2000) MP for [[Jamnagar Lok Sabha constituency|Jamnagar]]}} ''Minister of International Trade''
|rowspan="2"| {{small|10 April}} 1962
|rowspan="2"| {{small|19 July}} 1963
|rowspan="2"| '''{{ayd|10 Apr 1962|19 Jul 1963}}'''
|rowspan="2"| [[Fourth Nehru ministry|Nehru IV]]
|-
|bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|[[File:Nityanand Kanungo.jpg|70px]]
|'''[[Nityanand Kanungo]]''' {{small|(1900{{ndash}}1988) MP for [[Cuttack Lok Sabha constituency|Cuttack]]}} ''Minister of Industry''
|-
!colspan="10"| Minister of State for Commerce
|-
|bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress (R)}}"|
|[[File:V. P. Singh (cropped).jpg|70px]]
|'''[[V. P. Singh]]''' {{small|(1931{{ndash}}2008) MP for [[Phulpur Lok Sabha constituency|Phulpur]]}}
|{{small|23 December}} 1976
|{{small|24 March}} 1977
|'''{{ayd|23 Dec 1976|24 Mar 1977}}'''
|[[Indian National Congress (R)]]
|[[Third Indira Gandhi ministry|Indira III]]
|bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress (R)}}"|
|[[Indira Gandhi]]
|-
|bgcolor="{{party color|Janata Party}}"|
|
|'''[[Arif Beg]]''' {{small|(1935{{ndash}}2016) MP for [[Bhopal Lok Sabha constituency|Bhopal]]}}
|rowspan="2"| {{small|14 August}} 1977
|rowspan="2"| {{small|28 July}} 1979
|rowspan="2"| '''{{ayd|14 Aug 1977|28 Jul 1979}}'''
|rowspan="2"| [[Janata Party]]
|rowspan="2"| [[Morarji Desai ministry|Desai]]
|rowspan="2" bgcolor="{{party color|Janata Party}}"|
|rowspan="2"| [[Morarji Desai]]
|-
|bgcolor="{{party color|Janata Party}}"|
|[[File:File Dec 05, 1 48 31 PM.jpg|70px]]
|'''[[Krishana Kumar Goyal]]''' {{small|(1933{{ndash}}2013) MP for [[Kota Lok Sabha constituency|Kota]]}}
|-
|bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress (U)}}"|
|[[File:Henry Austin Lok Sabha photo.jpg|70px]]
|'''[[Henry Austin (Indian politician)|Henry Austin]]''' {{small|(1920{{ndash}}2008) MP for [[Ernakulam Lok Sabha constituency|Ernakulam]]}}
|{{small|30 July}} 1979
|{{small|14 January}} 1980
|'''{{ayd|30 Jan 1979|14 Jan 1980}}'''
|[[Indian National Congress (U)]]
|[[Charan Singh ministry|Charan]]
|bgcolor="{{party color|Janata Party (Secular)}}"|
|[[Charan Singh]]
|-
|bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress (I)}}"|
|[[File:Ziaur Rahman Ansari Lok Sabha photo.jpg|70px]]
|'''[[Ziaur Rahman Ansari]]''' {{small|(1925{{ndash}}1992) MP for [[Unnao Lok Sabha constituency|Unnao]]}}
|{{small|3 March}} 1980
|{{small|19 October}} 1980
|'''{{ayd|3 Mar 1980|19 Oct 1980}}'''
|rowspan="5"| [[Indian National Congress (I)]]
|rowspan="5"| [[Fourth Indira Gandhi ministry|Indira IV]]
|rowspan="5" bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress (I)}}"|
|rowspan="5"| [[Indira Gandhi]]
|-
|bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress (I)}}"|
|[[File:Khurshed Alam Khan (cropped).jpg|70px]]
|'''[[Khurshed Alam Khan]]''' {{small|(1919{{ndash}}2013) MP for [[Farrukhabad Lok Sabha constituency|Farrukhabad]]}}
|{{small|19 October}} 1980
|{{small|15 January}} 1982
|'''{{ayd|19 Oct 1980|15 Jan 1982}}'''
|-
|bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress (I)}}"|
|[[File:Ram Dulari Sinha official portrait.gif|70px]]
|'''[[Ram Dulari Sinha]]''' {{small|(1922{{ndash}}1994) MP for [[Sheohar Lok Sabha constituency|Sheohar]]}}
|{{small|14 February}} 1983
|{{small|7 February}} 1984
|'''{{ayd|14 Feb 1983|7 Feb 1984}}'''
|-
|bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress (I)}}"|
|[[File:Nihar Ranjan Laskar.jpg|70px]]
|'''[[Nihar Ranjan Laskar]]''' {{small|(born 1932) MP for [[Karimganj Lok Sabha constituency|Karimganj]]}}
|{{small|7 February}} 1984
|{{small|7 September}} 1984
|'''{{ayd|7 Feb 1984|7 Sep 1984}}'''
|-
|bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress (I)}}"|
|[[File:Minister of External Affairs S.M. Krishna (4667878654) (cropped).jpg|70px]]
|'''[[S. M. Krishna]]''' {{small|(born 1932) MP for [[Mandya Lok Sabha constituency|Mandya]]}}
|{{small|7 September}} 1984
|{{small|31 October}} 1984
|'''{{ayd|7 Sep 1984|31 Oct 1984}}'''
|-
!colspan="10"| Minister of State for Commerce and Supply
|-
|bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress (I)}}"|
|[[File:Minister of External Affairs S.M. Krishna (4667878654) (cropped).jpg|70px]]
|'''[[S. M. Krishna]]''' {{small|(born 1932) MP for [[Mandya Lok Sabha constituency|Mandya]]}}
|{{small|4 November}} 1984
|{{small|31 December}} 1984
|'''{{ayd|4 Nov 1984|31 Dec 1984}}'''
|rowspan="2"| [[Indian National Congress (I)]]
|[[First Rajiv Gandhi ministry|Rajiv I]]
|rowspan="2" bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress (I)}}"|
|rowspan="2"| [[Rajiv Gandhi]]
|-
|bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress (I)}}"|
|[[File:P. A. Sangma official portrait.jpg|70px]]
|'''[[P. A. Sangma]]''' {{small|(1947{{ndash}}2016) MP for [[Tura Lok Sabha constituency|Tura]]}}
|{{small|1 January}} 1985
|{{small|29 September}} 1985
|'''{{ayd|1 Jan 1985|29 Sep 1985}}'''
|[[Second Rajiv Gandhi ministry|Rajiv II]]
|-
!colspan="10"| Minister of State for Commerce
|-
|bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress (I)}}"|
|
|'''[[Brahm Dutt]]''' {{small|(1926{{ndash}}2014) MP for [[Tehri Garhwal Lok Sabha constituency|Tehri Garhwal]]}}
|{{small|29 September}} 1985
|{{small|22 October}} 1986
|'''{{ayd|29 Sep 1985|22 Oct 1986}}'''
|rowspan="2"| [[Indian National Congress (I)]]
|rowspan="2"| [[Second Rajiv Gandhi ministry|Rajiv II]]
|rowspan="2" bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress (I)}}"|
|rowspan="2"| [[Rajiv Gandhi]]
|-
|bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress (I)}}"|
|[[File:Priya Ranjan Dasmunsi PIB.jpg|70px]]
|'''[[Priya Ranjan Dasmunsi]]''' {{small|(1945{{ndash}}2017) MP for [[Raiganj Lok Sabha constituency|Raiganj]]}}
|{{small|22 October}} 1986
|{{small|2 December}} 1989
|'''{{ayd|22 Oct 1986|2 Dec 1989}}'''
|-
|style="background:{{party color|Janata Dal}}"|
|
|'''[[:ml:അരങ്ങിൽ ശ്രീധരൻ|Arangil Shreedharan]]''' {{small|(1925{{ndash}}2001) Rajya Sabha MP for [[Kerala]]}}
|{{small|23 April}} 1990
|{{small|10 November}} 1990
|'''{{ayd|23 Apr 1990|10 Nov 1990}}'''
|[[Janata Dal]]
|[[V. P. Singh ministry|Vishwanath]]
|style="background:{{party color|Janata Dal}}"|
|[[V. P. Singh]]
|-
|bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress (I)}}"|
|[[File:Prem Khandu Thungan.jpg|70px]]
|'''[[Prem Khandu Thungan]]''' {{small|(born 1946) MP for [[Arunachal West Lok Sabha constituency|Arunachal West]]}}
|{{small|21 June}} 1991
|{{small|2 July}} 1992
|'''{{ayd|21 Jun 1991|2 Jul 1992}}'''
|rowspan="3"| [[Indian National Congress (R)]]
|rowspan="3"| [[Rao ministry|Rao]]
|rowspan="3" bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress (I)}}"|
|rowspan="3"| [[P. V. Narasimha Rao]]
|-
|bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress (I)}}"|
|[[File:P. J. Kurien portrait.jpg|70px]]
|'''[[P. J. Kurien]]''' {{small|(born 1941) MP for [[Mavelikara Lok Sabha constituency|Mavelikara]]}}
|{{small|10 July}} 1992
|{{small|17 January}} 1993
|'''{{ayd|10 Jul 1992|17 Jan 1993}}'''
|-
|bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress (I)}}"|
|
|'''[[Kamaluddin Ahmed (politician)|Kamaluddin Ahmed]]''' {{small|(1930{{ndash}}2018) MP for [[Hanamkonda Lok Sabha constituency|Hanamkonda]]}}
|{{small|19 February}} 1993
|{{small|29 September}} 1994
|'''{{ayd|19 Feb 1993|29 Sep 1994}}'''
|-
|}

===Minister of State for Industry (1947{{ndash}}1999) ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! rowspan="2" colspan="2" |Portrait
! rowspan="2" style="width:16em" |Minister {{small|(Birth-Death) Constituency}}
! colspan="3" |Term of office
! rowspan="2" style="width:8em" |Political party
! rowspan="2"| Ministry
! rowspan="2" colspan="2"| Prime Minister
|-
!style="width:7em"| From
!style="width:7em"| To
!style="width:6em"| Period
|-
!colspan="10"| Minister of State for Industry
|-
|bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|[[File:Kotha Raghuramaiah.png|70px]]
|'''[[Kotha Raghuramaiah]]''' {{small|(1912{{ndash}}1979) MP for [[Guntur Lok Sabha constituency|Guntur]]}} ''Minister of Supply''
|{{small|13 June}} 1964
|{{small|20 June}} 1964
|'''{{ayd|13 Jun 1964|20 Jun 1964}}'''
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|[[Shastri ministry|Shastri]]
|bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|[[Lal Bahadur Shastri]]
|-
!colspan="10"| Minister of State for Industry and Supply
|-
|bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|[[File:Kotha Raghuramaiah.png|70px]]
|'''[[Kotha Raghuramaiah]]''' {{small|(1912{{ndash}}1979) MP for [[Guntur Lok Sabha constituency|Guntur]]}} ''Minister of Supply; and Minister of Supply and Technical Development''
|{{small|20 June}} 1964
|{{small|11 January}} 1966
|'''{{ayd|20 Jun 1964|11 Jan 1966}}'''
|rowspan="4"| [[Indian National Congress]]
|rowspan="2"| [[Shastri ministry|Shastri]]
|rowspan="2" bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|rowspan="2"| [[Lal Bahadur Shastri]]
|-
|bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|[[File:Tribhuvan Narayan Singh Lok Sabha photo.jpg|70px]]
|'''[[Tribhuvan Narain Singh]]''' {{small|(1904{{ndash}}1982) Rajya Sabha MP for [[Uttar Pradesh]]}} ''Minister of Heavy Engineering, until 5 February 1965; and Minister of Industry, from 5 February 1965''
|{{small|25 July}} 1964
|{{small|11 January}} 1966
|'''{{ayd|25 Jul 1964|11 Jan 1966}}'''
|-
|bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|[[File:Kotha Raghuramaiah.png|70px]]
|'''[[Kotha Raghuramaiah]]''' {{small|(1912{{ndash}}1979) MP for [[Guntur Lok Sabha constituency|Guntur]]}} ''Minister of Supply''
|rowspan="2"| {{small|11 January}} 1966
|rowspan="2"| {{small|24 January}} 1966
|rowspan="2"| '''{{ayd|11 Jan 1966|24 Jan 1966}}'''
|rowspan="2"| [[Second Nanda ministry|Nanda II]]
|rowspan="2" bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|rowspan="2"| [[Gulzarilal Nanda]] (Acting)
|-
|bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|[[File:Tribhuvan Narayan Singh Lok Sabha photo.jpg|70px]]
|'''[[Tribhuvan Narain Singh]]''' {{small|(1904{{ndash}}1982) Rajya Sabha MP for [[Uttar Pradesh]]}} ''Minister of Industry''
|-
!colspan="10"| Minister of State for Industry
|-
|bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|
|'''[[Bibudhendra Mishra]]''' {{small|(1928{{ndash}}2012) MP for [[Puri Lok Sabha constituency|Puri]]}}
|{{small|24 January}} 1966
|{{small|13 March}} 1967
|'''{{ayd|24 Jan 1966|13 Mar 1967}}'''
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|[[First Indira Gandhi ministry|Indira I]]
|bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|[[Indira Gandhi]]
|-
!colspan="10"| Minister of State for Industrial Development and Company Affairs
|-
|bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|[[File:K. V. Raghunatha Reddy (cropped).jpg|70px]]
|'''[[K. V. Raghunatha Reddy]]''' {{small|(1924{{ndash}}2002) Rajya Sabha MP for [[Andhra Pradesh]]}}
|{{small|13 March}} 1967
|{{small|14 February}} 1969
|'''{{ayd|13 Mar 1967|14 Feb 1969}}'''
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|[[Second Indira Gandhi ministry|Indira II]]
|bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|[[Indira Gandhi]]
|-
!colspan="10"| Minister of State for Industrial Development, Internal Trade and Company Affairs
|-
|bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress (R)}}"|
|[[File:K. V. Raghunatha Reddy (cropped).jpg|70px]]
|'''[[K. V. Raghunatha Reddy]]''' {{small|(1924{{ndash}}2002) Rajya Sabha MP for [[Andhra Pradesh]]}}
|{{small|14 February}} 1969
|{{small|27 June}} 1970
|'''{{ayd|14 Feb 1969|27 Jun 1970}}'''
|[[Indian National Congress (R)]]
|[[Second Indira Gandhi ministry|Indira II]]
|bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress (R)}}"|
|[[Indira Gandhi]]
|-
!colspan="10"| Minister of State for Industrial Development
|-
|bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress (R)}}"|
|[[File:Ghanshyam Oza Lok Sabha photo.jpg|70px]]
|'''[[Ghanshyam Oza]]''' {{small|(1911{{ndash}}2002) MP for [[Rajkot Lok Sabha constituency|Rajkot]]}}
|{{small|2 May}} 1971
|{{small|17 March}} 1972
|'''{{ayd|2 May 1971|17 Mar 1972}}'''
|rowspan="2"| [[Indian National Congress (R)]]
|rowspan="2"| [[Third Indira Gandhi ministry|Indira III]]
|rowspan="2" bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress (R)}}"|
|rowspan="2"| [[Indira Gandhi]]
|-
|bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress (R)}}"|
|[[File:Mansinhji Bhasaheb Rana Lok Sabha photo.jpg|70px]]
|'''Mansinhji Bhasaheb Rana''' {{small|(1904{{ndash}}1974) MP for [[Bharuch Lok Sabha constituency|Broach]]}}
|{{small|11 January}} 1974
|{{small|31 July}} 1974{{ref label|†|†|†}}
|'''{{ayd|11 Jan 1974|31 Jul 1974}}'''
|-
!colspan="10"| Minister of State for Industry and Civil Supplies
|-
|bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress (I)}}"|
|[[File:Anant Sharma Lok Sabha photo.jpg|70px]]
|'''[[Anant Sharma]]''' {{small|(1919{{ndash}}1988) Rajya Sabha MP for [[Bihar]]}}
|rowspan="3"| {{small|10 October}} 1974
|rowspan="3"| {{small|9 August}} 1976
|rowspan="3"| '''{{ayd|10 Oct 1974|9 Aug 1976}}'''
|rowspan="3"| [[Indian National Congress (R)]]
|rowspan="3"| [[Third Indira Gandhi ministry|Indira III]]
|rowspan="3" bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress (R)}}"|
|rowspan="3"| [[Indira Gandhi]]
|-
|bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress (R)}}"|
|[[File:Buddha Priya Maurya Lok Sabha photo.jpg|70px]]
|'''[[Buddha Priya Maurya]]''' {{small|(1926{{ndash}}2004) MP for [[Hapur Lok Sabha constituency|Hapur]]}}
|-
|bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress (R)}}"|
|[[File:A. C. George Lok Sabha photo.jpg|70px]]
|'''A. C. George''' {{small|MP for [[Mukundapuram Lok Sabha constituency|Mukundapuram]]}}
|-
!colspan="10"| Minister of State for Industry
|-
|bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress (I)}}"|
|[[File:Anant Sharma Lok Sabha photo.jpg|70px]]
|'''[[Anant Sharma]]''' {{small|(1919{{ndash}}1988) Rajya Sabha MP for [[Bihar]]}}
|rowspan="2"| {{small|9 August}} 1976
|rowspan="2"| {{small|24 March}} 1977
|rowspan="2"| '''{{ayd|9 Aug 1976|24 Mar 1977}}'''
|rowspan="2"| [[Indian National Congress (R)]]
|rowspan="2"| [[Third Indira Gandhi ministry|Indira III]]
|rowspan="2" bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress (R)}}"|
|rowspan="2"| [[Indira Gandhi]]
|-
|bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress (R)}}"|
|[[File:Buddha Priya Maurya Lok Sabha photo.jpg|70px]]
|'''[[Buddha Priya Maurya]]''' {{small|(1926{{ndash}}2004) MP for [[Hapur Lok Sabha constituency|Hapur]]}}
|-
|bgcolor="{{party color|Janata Party}}"|
|[[File:Abha Maiti Lok Sabha photo.jpg|70px]]
|'''[[Abha Maiti]]''' {{small|(1925{{ndash}}1994) MP for [[Panskura Lok Sabha constituency|Panskura]]}}
|{{small|14 August}} 1977
|{{small|28 July}} 1979
|'''{{ayd|14 Aug 1977|28 Jul 1979}}'''
|rowspan="2"| [[Janata Party]]
|rowspan="2"| [[Morarji Desai ministry|Desai]]
|rowspan="2" bgcolor="{{party color|Janata Party}}"|
|rowspan="2"| [[Morarji Desai]]
|-
|bgcolor="{{party color|Janata Party}}"|
|
|'''[[Jagadambi Prasad Yadav]]''' {{small|(1925{{ndash}}2002) MP for [[Godda Lok Sabha constituency|Godda]]}}
|{{small|14 August}} 1977
|{{small|26 January}} 1979
|'''{{ayd|14 Aug 1977|26 Jan 1979}}'''
|-
|style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress (U)}}"|
|[[File:B. Rachaiah Lok Sabha photo.jpg|70px]]
|'''[[B. Rachaiah]]''' {{small|(1922{{ndash}}2000) MP for [[Chamarajanagar Lok Sabha constituency|Chamarajanagar]]}}
|{{small|4 August}} 1979
|{{small|14 January}} 1980
|'''{{ayd|4 Aug 1979|14 Jan 1980}}'''
|[[Indian National Congress (U)]]
|[[Charan Singh ministry|Charan Singh]]
|bgcolor="{{party color|Janata Party (Secular)}}"|
|[[Charan Singh]]
|-
|bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress (I)}}"|
|
|'''Charanjit Chanana''' {{small|Rajya Sabha MP for [[Delhi]]}}
|{{small|3 March}} 1980
|{{small|2 September}} 1982
|'''{{ayd|3 Mar 1980|2 Sep 1982}}'''
|rowspan="8"| [[Indian National Congress (I)]]
|rowspan="6"| [[Fourth Indira Gandhi ministry|Indira IV]]
|rowspan="6" bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress (I)}}"|
|rowspan="6"| [[Indira Gandhi]]
|-
|bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress (I)}}"|
|[[File:Ram Dulari Sinha official portrait.gif|70px]]
|'''[[Ram Dulari Sinha]]''' {{small|(1922{{ndash}}1994) MP for [[Sheohar Lok Sabha constituency|Sheohar]]}}
|{{small|15 January}} 1982
|{{small|14 February}} 1983
|'''{{ayd|1982|1|15|1983|2|14}}'''
|-
|bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress (I)}}"|
|[[File:Virbhadra Singh HP.jpg|70px]]
|'''[[Virbhadra Singh]]''' {{small|(1934{{ndash}}2021) MP for [[Mandi Lok Sabha constituency|Mandi]]}}
|{{small|11 September}} 1982
|{{small|8 April}} 1983
|'''{{ayd|11 Sep 1982|8 Apr 1983}}'''
|-
|bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress (I)}}"|
|[[File:Minister of External Affairs S.M. Krishna (4667878654) (cropped).jpg|70px]]
|'''[[S. M. Krishna]]''' {{small|(born 1932) MP for [[Mandya Lok Sabha constituency|Mandya]]}}
|{{small|29 January}} 1983
|{{small|7 February}} 1984
|'''{{ayd|29 January 1983|7 February 1984}}'''
|-
|bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress (I)}}"|
|
|'''[[S. B. P. Pattabhirama Rao]]''' {{small|(1911{{ndash}}1998) MP for [[Rajahmundry Lok Sabha constituency|Rajahmundry]]}}
|{{small|7 February}} 1984
|{{small|31 October}} 1984
|'''{{ayd|7 Feb 1984|31 Oct 1984}}'''
|-
|bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress (I)}}"|
|[[File:Nihar Ranjan Laskar.jpg|70px]]
|'''[[Nihar Ranjan Laskar]]''' {{small|(born 1932) MP for [[Karimganj Lok Sabha constituency|Karimganj]]}}
|{{small|7 September}} 1984
|{{small|31 October}} 1984
|'''{{ayd|7 Sep 1984|31 Oct 1984}}'''
|-
|bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress (I)}}"|
|
|'''[[S. B. P. Pattabhirama Rao]]''' {{small|(1911{{ndash}}1998) MP for [[Rajahmundry Lok Sabha constituency|Rajahmundry]]}}
|{{small|4 November}} 1984
|{{small|31 December}} 1984
|'''{{ayd|4 Nov 1984|31 Dec 1984}}'''
|rowspan="2"| [[First Rajiv Gandhi ministry|Rajiv I]]
|rowspan="2" bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress (I)}}"|
|rowspan="2"| [[Rajiv Gandhi]]
|-
|bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress (I)}}"|
|[[File:Nihar Ranjan Laskar.jpg|70px]]
|'''[[Nihar Ranjan Laskar]]''' {{small|(born 1932) MP for [[Karimganj Lok Sabha constituency|Karimganj]]}}
|{{small|12 November}} 1984
|{{small|31 December}} 1984
|'''{{ayd|12 Nov 1984|31 Dec 1984}}'''
|-
!colspan="10"| Minister of State for Industry and Company Affairs
|-
|bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress (I)}}"|
|[[File:Kerala Governor Khan during an inaugural function in 2023.jpg|70px]]
|'''[[Arif Mohammad Khan]]''' {{small|(born 1951) MP for [[Bahraich Lok Sabha constituency|Bahraich]]}}
|{{small|31 December}} 1984
|{{small|25 September}} 1985
|'''{{ayd|31 Dec 1984|25 Sep 1985}}'''
|[[Indian National Congress (I)]]
|[[Second Rajiv Gandhi ministry|Rajiv II]]
|bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress (I)}}"|
|[[Rajiv Gandhi]]
|-
!colspan="10"| Minister of State for Industry
|-
|bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress (I)}}"|
|
|'''[[Rajkumar Jaichandra Singh]]''' {{small|(born 1942) Rajya Sabha MP for [[Manipur]]}} ''(D/o Chemicals and Petrochemicals)''
|{{small|25 September}} 1985
|{{small|18 February}} 1988
|'''{{ayd|25 Sep 1985|18 Feb 1988}}'''
|rowspan="4"| [[Indian National Congress (I)]]
|rowspan="4"| [[Second Rajiv Gandhi ministry|Rajiv II]]
|rowspan="4" bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress (I)}}"|
|rowspan="4"| [[Rajiv Gandhi]]
|-
|bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress (I)}}"|
|[[File:M.Arunachalam.jpg|70px]]
|'''[[M. Arunachalam (politician)|M. Arunachalam]]''' {{small|(1944{{ndash}}2004) MP for [[Tenkasi Lok Sabha constituency|Tenkasi]]}} ''(D/o Industrial Development)''
|{{small|25 September}} 1985
|{{small|2 December}} 1989
|-
|bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress (I)}}"|
|
|'''[[K. K. Tewary]]''' {{small|(born 1942) MP for [[Buxar Lok Sabha constituency|Buxar]]}} ''(D/o Public Enterprises)''
|{{small|12 May}} 1986
|{{small|23 July}} 1987
|'''{{ayd|12 May 1986|23 Jul 1987}}'''
|-
|bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress (I)}}"|
|
|'''[[P. Namgyal]]''' {{small|(1937{{ndash}}2020) MP for [[Ladakh Lok Sabha constituency|Ladakh]]}} ''(D/o Chemicals and Petrochemicals)''
|{{small|4 July}} 1989
|{{small|2 September}} 1989
|'''{{ayd|4 July 1989|2 September 1989}}'''
|-
|bgcolor="{{party color|Janata Dal}}"|
|[[File:Srikant Kumar Jena addressing in New Delhi on November 18, 2013 (cropped).jpg|70px]]
|'''[[Srikant Kumar Jena]]''' {{small|(born 1950) MP for [[Cuttack Lok Sabha constituency|Cuttack]]}} ''(D/o Small Scale, Agro and Rural Industries)''
|{{small|23 April}} 1990
|{{small|10 November}} 1991
|'''{{ayd|23 Apr 1990|10 Nov 1990}}'''
|[[Janata Dal]]
|[[V. P. Singh ministry|Vishwanath]]
|bgcolor="{{party color|Janata Dal}}"|
|[[V. P. Singh]]
|-
|bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress (I)}}"|
|[[File:P. J. Kurien portrait.jpg|70px]]
|'''[[P. J. Kurien]]''' {{small|(born 1941) MP for [[Mavelikara Lok Sabha constituency|Mavelikara]]}} ''(D/o Small Scale, Agro and Rural Industries, from 2 July 1992)''
|{{small|21 June}} 1991
|{{small|17 January}} 1993
|'''{{ayd|21 Jun 1991|17 Jan 1993}}'''
|rowspan="4"| [[Indian National Congress (I)]]
|rowspan="4"| [[Rao ministry|Rao]]
|rowspan="4" bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress (I)}}"|
|rowspan="4"| [[P. V. Narasimha Rao]]
|-
|bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress (I)}}"|
|[[File:Krishna Sahi Lok Sabha photo.jpg|70px]]
|'''[[Krishna Sahi]]''' {{small|(born 1931) MP for [[Begusarai Lok Sabha constituency|Begusarai]]}} ''(D/o Industrial Development)''
|{{small|2 July}} 1992
|{{small|15 September}} 1995
|'''{{ayd|2 Jul 1992|15 Sep 1995}}'''
|-
|bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress (I)}}"|
|[[File:Prem Khandu Thungan.jpg|70px]]
|'''[[Prem Khandu Thungan]]''' {{small|(born 1946) MP for [[Arunachal West Lok Sabha constituency|Arunachal West]]}} ''(D/o Heavy Industries and Public Enterprises)''
|{{small|2 July}} 1992
|{{small|18 January}} 1993
|'''{{ayd|2 Jul 1992|18 Jan 1993}}'''
|-
|bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress (I)}}"|
|
|'''[[C. Silvera]]''' {{small|(1935{{ndash}}2016) MP for [[Mizoram Lok Sabha constituency|Mizoram]]}}
|{{small|15 September}} 1995
|{{small|16 May}} 1996
|'''{{ayd|15 Sep 1995|16 May 1996}}'''
|-
|bgcolor="{{party color|Shiromani Akali Dal}}"|
|[[File:Sukhbir Singh Badal.png|70px]]
|'''[[Sukhbir Singh Badal]]''' {{small|(born 1962) MP for [[Faridkot Lok Sabha constituency|Faridkot]]}}
|{{small|20 March}} 1998
|{{small|13 October}} 1999
|'''{{ayd|20 Mar 1998|13 Oct 1999}}'''
|[[Shiromani Akali Dal]]
|[[Second Vajpayee ministry|Vajpayee II]]
|bgcolor="{{party color|BJP}}"|
|[[Atal Bihari Vajpayee]]
|-
!colspan="10"| {{nobold|Merged with Ministry of Industry to form Ministry of Commerce and Industry.}}
|-
|}

===Minister of State for Commerce and Industry (1999{{ndash}}present) ===

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! rowspan="2" colspan="2"| Portrait
! rowspan="2" style="width:18em" |Minister {{small|(Birth-Death) Constituency}}
! colspan="3" |Term of office
! rowspan="2" style="width:8em" |Political party
! rowspan="2" style="width:6em" | Ministry
! rowspan="2" colspan="2" |Prime Minister
|-
! style="width:9em"| From
! style="width:9em"| To
! style="width:6em"| Period
|-
| bgcolor="{{party color|Jammu and Kashmir National Conference}}"|
| [[File:Omar Abdullah (portrait).jpg|70px]]
| '''[[Omar Abdullah]]''' {{small|(born 1970) MP for [[Srinagar Lok Sabha constituency|Srinagar]]}}
| 13 October 1999
| 22 July 2001
| {{ayd|13 Oct 1999|22 Jul 2001}}
| [[Jammu and Kashmir National Conference]]
| rowspan="6""| [[Third Vajpayee ministry|Vajpayee III]]
| rowspan="6" bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"|
| rowspan="6" style="width:7em"| [[Atal Bihari Vajpayee]]
|-
| bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"|
| [[File:The former Chief Minister of Chhattisgarh, Dr. Raman Singh.jpg|70px]]
| '''[[Raman Singh]]''' {{small|(born 1952) MP for [[Rajnandgaon Lok Sabha constituency|Rajnandgaon]]}}
| 13 October 1999
| 29 January 2003
| {{ayd|13 Oct 1999|29 Jan 2003}}
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
| bgcolor="{{party color|Samata Party}}"|
| [[File:Dig Vijaysingh.jpg|70px]]
| '''[[Digvijay Singh (Bihar politician)|Digvijay Singh]]''' {{small|(1955{{ndash}}2010) MP for [[Banka Lok Sabha constituency|Banka]]}}
| 22 July 2001
| 1 September 2001
| {{ayd|22 Jul 2001|1 Sep 2001}}
| [[Samata Party]]
|-
| bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"|
| [[File:Rajiv Pratap Rudy PIB (cropped).jpg|70px]]
| '''[[Rajiv Pratap Rudy]]''' {{small|(born 1962) MP for [[Chapra Lok Sabha constituency|Chapra]]}}
| 1 September 2002
| 24 May 2003
| {{ayd|1 Sep 2002|24 May 2003}}
| rowspan="3"| [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
| bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"|
| [[File:C. Vidyasagar Rao with Venkaiah Naidu (cropped).png|70px]]
| '''[[C. Vidyasagar Rao]]''' {{small|(born 1941) MP for [[Karimnagar Lok Sabha constituency|Karimnagar]]}}
| 29 January 2003
| 22 May 2004
| {{ayd|29 Jan 2003|22 May 2004}}
|-
| bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"|
| [[File:Satyabrata Mookherjee speaking at a three-day Global Symposium on Taming the Future through Project Management in 2003 (cropped).jpg|70px]]
| '''[[Satyabrata Mookherjee]]''' {{small|(1932{{ndash}}2023) MP for [[Krishnanagar Lok Sabha constituency|Krishnanagar]]}}
| 5 June 2003
| 22 May 2004
|'''{{ayd|5 Jun 2003|22 May 2004}}'''
|-
| bgcolor="{{party color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}"|
| [[File:S. S. Palanimanickam (cropped).jpg|70px]]
| '''[[S. S. Palanimanickam]]''' {{small|(born 1950) MP for [[Thanjavur Lok Sabha constituency|Thanjavur]]}}
| 23 May 2004
| 25 May 2004
| {{ayd|23 May 2004|25 May 2004}}
| [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]
| rowspan="4"| [[First Manmohan Singh ministry|Manmohan I]]
| rowspan="8" bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
| rowspan="8"| [[Manmohan Singh]]
|-
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
| [[File:E. V. K. S. Elangovan at Marriage Function 12.jpg|70px]]
| '''[[E. V. K. S. Elangovan]]''' {{small|(born 1948) MP for [[Gobichettipalayam Lok Sabha constituency|Gobichettipalayam]]}}
| 25 May 2004
| 29 January 2006
| {{ayd|25 May 2004|29 Jan 2006}}
| rowspan="5"| [[Indian National Congress]]
|-
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
| [[File:Ashwani Kumar Minister (cropped).jpg|70px]]
| '''[[Ashwani Kumar (politician)|Ashwani Kumar]]''' {{small|(born 1952) Rajya Sabha MP for [[Punjab (India)|Punjab]]}} (D/o Industrial Policy and Promotion)
| 29 January 2006
| 22 May 2009
| {{ayd|29 Jan 2006|22 May 2009}}
|-
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
| [[File:Jairam ramesh.jpg|70px]]
| '''[[Jairam Ramesh]]''' {{small|(born 1954) Rajya Sabha MP for [[Andhra Pradesh]]}} (D/o Commerce)
| 31 January 2006
| 25 February 2009
| {{ayd|31 Jan 2006|25 Feb 2009}}
|-
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
| [[File:Shri Jyotiraditya Madhavrao Scindia (cropped).jpg|70px]]
| '''[[Jyotiraditya Scindia]]''' {{small|(born 1971) MP for [[Guna Lok Sabha constituency|Guna]]}}
| 28 May 2009
| 28 October 2012
| {{ayd|28 May 2009|28 Oct 2012}}
| rowspan="4"| [[Second Manmohan Singh ministry|Manmohan II]]
|-
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
| [[File:D. Purandeswari, in New Delhi on February 07, 2013.jpg|70px]]
| '''[[Daggubati Purandeswari]]''' {{small|(born 1959) MP for [[Visakhapatnam Lok Sabha constituency|Visakhapatnam]]}}
| 28 October 2012
| 11 March 2014
| {{ayd|28 Oct 2012|11 Mar 2014}}
|-
| bgcolor="{{party color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}"|
| [[File:S. Jagathrakshakan (cropped).jpg|70px]]
| '''[[S. Jagathrakshakan]]''' {{small|(born 1950) MP for [[Arakkonam Lok Sabha constituency|Arakkonam]]}}
| 2 November 2012
| 20 March 2013
| {{ayd|2 Nov 2012|20 Mar 2013}}
| [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]
|-
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
| [[File:E M S Natchiappan, takes over the charge of Minister of State for Commerce & Industry, in New Delhi on June 18, 2013 (cropped).jpg|70px]]
| '''[[E. M. Sudarsana Natchiappan]]''' {{small|(born 1946) Rajya Sabha MP for [[Tamil Nadu]]}}
| 17 June 2013
| 26 May 2014
| {{ayd|17 Jun 2013|26 May 2014}}
| [[Indian National Congress]]
|-
| bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"|
| [[File:C. R. Chaudhary (cropped).jpg|70px]]
| '''[[C. R. Chaudhary]]''' {{small|(born 1948) MP for [[Nagaur Lok Sabha constituency|Nagaur]]}}
| 3 September 2017
| 30 May 2019
| {{ayd|3 Sep 2017|30 May 2019}}
| rowspan="3"| [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| [[First Modi ministry|Modi I]]
| rowspan="5" bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"|
| rowspan="5"| [[Narendra Modi]]
|-
| bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"|
| [[File:Shri Hardeep Singh Puri in July 2021.jpg|70px]]
| '''[[Hardeep Singh Puri]]''' {{small|(born 1952) Rajya Sabha MP for [[Uttar Pradesh]]}}
| 31 May 2019
| 7 July 2021
| {{ayd|31 May 2019|7 Jul 2021}}
| rowspan="3"| [[Second Modi ministry|Modi II]]
|-
| bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"|
| [[File:Som Prakash.jpg|70px]]
| '''[[Som Parkash]]''' {{small|(born 1949) MP for [[Hoshiarpur Lok Sabha constituency|Hoshiarpur]]}}
| 31 May 2019
| 9 June 2024
| {{ayd|31 May 2019|9 Jun 2024}}
|-
| bgcolor="{{party color|Apna Dal (Sonelal)}}"|
| [[File:Anupriya Singh Patel with PM Modi in 2021.jpg|70px]]
| '''[[Anupriya Patel]]''' {{small|(born 1981) MP for [[Mirzapur Lok Sabha constituency|Mirzapur]]}}
| 7 July 2021
| 9 June 2024
| {{ayd|7 Jul 2021|9 Jun 2024}}
| [[Apna Dal (Sonelal)]]
|-
| bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"|
| [[File:Jitin Prasada crop.jpg|70px]]
| '''[[Jitin Prasada]]''' {{small|(born 1973) MP for [[Pilibhit Lok Sabha constituency|Pilibhit]]}}
| 10 June 2024
| Incumbent
| {{ayd|10 Jun 2024}}
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| [[Third Modi ministry|Modi III]]
|-
|}

== See also ==
* [[Make in India]]
* [[Indian Trade Service]]
* [[Foreign trade of India]]
* [[Special economic zone]]
* [[Directorate General of Foreign Trade]]
* [[List of largest trading partners of India]]
* [[Multi-Modal Logistics Parks in India]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*[https://commerce.gov.in/ Department of Commerce]
*[https://dipp.gov.in/ Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade]

{{Navboxes|list=
{{Ministry of Commerce and Industry (India)}}
{{Union ministries of India}}
{{Economy of India}}
}}
{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ministry Of Commerce And Industry (India)}}
[[Category:Ministry of Commerce and Industry (India)| ]]
[[Category:Government ministries of India|Commerce and Industry]]
[[Category:Anti-dumping authorities]]
[[Category:Trade ministries|India]]

Umrah

2026-03-09T09:59:13Z

Vivekparulekar: refined layout after review and cleaned formatting as per guidelines

{{Short description|Islamic pilgrimage to Mecca}}
{{distinguish|Ummah{{!}}''Ummah''}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2020}}
{{cleanup|reason=the article contains various style and verification issues|date=January 2023}}
[[File:Kaaba mirror edit jj.jpg|thumb|[[Pilgrim]]s [[circumambulation|circumambulating]] the [[Kaaba]] in [[Mecca]]]]

The '''Umrah''' ({{langx|ar|عُمْرَة|lit=to visit a populated place}}) is an [[Islamic pilgrimage]] to [[Mecca]], the [[Holiest sites in Islam|holiest city]] for [[Muslim]]s, located in the [[Hejaz]]i region of [[Saudi Arabia]]. It can be undertaken at any time of the year, in contrast to the ''[[Hajj|Ḥajj]]'' ({{IPAc-en|h|æ|dʒ}};<ref>[[Hajj]]</ref> "[[wikt:pilgrimage|pilgrimage]]"), which has specific dates according to the [[Islamic lunar calendar]]. However, during the Hajj season ([[Dhu al-Hijjah]]), only those who are performing Hajj are permitted to perform Umrah, as per regulations set by the Saudi government to manage crowd control and ensure safety.

==Rites and rituals==
In accordance to Islam for both pilgrimages, a Muslim must first assume ''[[Ihram]]'', a state of purification achieved by completing [[Ritual purification|cleansing rituals]], wearing the prescribed [[Ihram clothing|attire]], and [[Abstinence|abstaining]] from certain actions. This must be attained when reaching a ''[[Miqat]]'', a principal boundary point on the way to Mecca, like [[Masjid-u-Shajarah|''Dhu 'l-Hulaifah'']], ''[[Rabigh|Juhfah]], Qarnu 'l-Manāzil, [[Yalamlam]], Zāt-i-'Irq, Ibrahīm Mursīyah'', or a place in ''Al-Hill''. Different conditions exist for air travelers, who must observe Ihram once entering a specific perimeter in the city.
[[File:Tavaf.jpg|thumb|200px|''Tawaf'' and ''Sa'i'']]
Umrah requires Muslims to perform two key rituals, ''[[Tawaf]]'' and ''[[Sa'i]]''. Tawaf is a circling round the ''[[Kaaba]]'' seven times. This is followed by ''Sa'i'', a walk between the hillocks of [[Safa and Marwah|''Safa'' and ''Marwah'']] in the [[Great Mosque of Mecca]] to commemorate [[Hagar in Islam|Hagar (Hājar)]]'s search for water for her son, [[Ishmael in Islam|Ishmael (''Ismāʿīl'')]], and God's mercy in answering her prayers. Pilgrims conclude the pilgrimage with ''Halq'', a partial or complete shortening of the hair.

Umrah is sometimes considered the "lesser pilgrimage", in that it is not compulsory in all Islam schools of thought, but is still highly recommended. It is mandatory according to the ''[[Hanbalis]]'' and also according to the ''[[Shafi'is]]''. It is generally able to be completed in a few hours, in comparison to Ḥajj, which may take a few days. It is also not meant to be interpreted as a substitute for Hajj. However, both are demonstrations of the solidarity of the Muslim people, and their submission to ''[[Allah]]'' ([[God in Islam|God]]).

==History==
According to the Muslim traditional accounts, access to the Holy Site (and thus the right to practice the Hajj and Umrah pilgrimages) has not always been granted to Muslims. It is reported in the Muslim traditional accounts that throughout [[Muhammad]]'s era, the Muslims wanted to establish the right to perform Umrah and Hajj to Mecca since the latter had been prescribed by the Quran. During that time, Mecca was occupied by Arab Pagans who used to worship idols inside Mecca.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Hawting |first1=G. E. |title=The Disappearance and Rediscovery of Zamzam and the 'Well of the Ka'ba' |journal=Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies |date=24 December 2009 |volume=43 |issue=1 |pages=44–54 |doi=10.1017/S0041977X00110523 |jstor=616125 |s2cid=162654756 }}</ref><ref>[[#iw|''Islamic World'']]{{Broken anchor|date=2024-11-11|bot=User:Cewbot/log/20201008/configuration|target_link=#iw|reason= }}, p. 20</ref>

===The Treaty of Hudaibiya===
In the [[Timeline of Islamic history|early years]] of the Islamic [[Ummah]], it is claimed that tensions arose in Mecca between its pagan inhabitants and the Muslims who wished to perform pilgrimages within. According to the traditional Muslim stories, in 628 CE (6 A.H.), inspired by a dream that [[Muhammad in Medina|Muhammad had while in Madinah]], in which he was performing the ceremonies of Umrah, he and his followers approached Mecca from Medina. They were stopped at Hudaibiya, [[Quraysh]] (a local tribe to which Muhammad belonged) refused entry to the Muslims who wished to perform the pilgrimage. Muhammad is said to have explained that they only wished to perform a pilgrimage, and subsequently leave the city, however the Qurayshites disagreed.<ref name="Sa'd 1967">{{cite book |last1=Saʻd |first1=Muḥammad Ibn |title=Kitab Al-tabaqat Al-kabir |date=1972 |publisher=Pakistan Historical Society |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_vnXAAAAMAAJ |access-date=1 November 2025}}</ref>{{rp|p=164}}<ref>{{Hadith-usc|usc=yes|muslim|43|7176}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Tafsir Ibn Kathir Juz' 5 (Part 5): An-Nisaa 24 to An-Nisaa 147 2nd Edition|author=Ibn Kathir |translator=Muhammad Saed Abdul-Rahman |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GxzFCrGdyQoC&pg=PA94|page=94|isbn=978-1-86179-685-1|date=November 2009|publisher=MSA Publication Limited }}</ref>

Diplomatic negotiations were pursued once the [[Islamic prophet]] Muhammad refused to use force to enter Mecca, out of respect to the Holy Ka'aba.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.al-islam.org/unschooled-prophet-ayatullah-murtadha-mutahhari/event-hudaybiyyah|title=The Event Of Hudaybiyyah|website=Al-islam.org|date=30 January 2013 |access-date=12 August 2017}}</ref> In March, 628 CE (Dhu'l-Qi'dah, 6 A.H.), the [[Treaty of Hudaybiyyah]] was drawn up and signed, with terms stipulating a ten-year period free of hostilities, during which the Muslims would be allowed a three-day-long access per year to the holy site of the Ka'aba starting the following year. On the year it was signed, the followers of Mohammed were forced to return home without having performed Umrah.<ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar pp. 214-215">Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, pp. 214–215.</ref><ref>Emory C. Bogle (1998), [https://books.google.com/books?id=IpFhLDUw20gC&pg=PA19 Islam: origin and belief], University of Texas Press, p. 19.</ref>

===The First Umrah===
The next year, the Muslim tradition claims that Muhammad ordered and took part in the [[Conquest of Mecca]] in December 629.<ref name="Abu Khalil 218">{{cite book|last=Abu Khalil|first=Shawqi|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mZmBkoDa9fcC&pg=PA218|title=Atlas of the Prophet's biography: places, nations, landmarks|date=1 March 2004|publisher=Dar-us-Salam|isbn=978-9960-897-71-4|page=218}} Note: 6th Month, 8AH = September 629</ref><ref name="Sa'd 1967"/>{{rp|pp=165–174}} Following the agreed-upon terms of the Hudaibiya Treaty, Muhammad and some 2000 followers (men, women and children) proceeded to perform what became the first Umrah, which lasted three days. After the transfer of power, the people of Mecca who (according to the Muslim traditional narrative) had persecuted and driven away the early Muslims, and had fought against the Muslims due to their beliefs, were afraid of retribution. However, Muhammad forgave all of his former enemies.

Ten people were forgiven, and not to be killed after the capture of Mecca:<ref name=Subhani>''The Message'' by Ayatullah Ja'far Subhani, [http://www.al-islam.org/message/49.htm#n582 chapter 48] referencing [[Prophetic biography|Sirah]] by [[Ibn Hisham]], vol. II, page 409.</ref> [[Ikrimah ibn Abi-Jahl]], [[Abdullah ibn Saad]] ibn Abi Sarh, Habbar bin Aswad, Miqyas Subabah Laythi, Huwairath bin Nuqayd, Abdullah Hilal and four women who had been guilty of murder or other offences or had sparked off the war and disrupted the peace.<ref name=Subhani/>

===COVID-19 closures===
{{see also|COVID-19 pandemic in Saudi Arabia}}
On 26 February 2020, Saudi Arabia suspended travel to the country for reasons related to the Umrah, due to concerns over the rapid spread of COVID-19.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Davidson |first1=Helen |last2=Rawlinson |first2=Kevin |last3=Weaver |first3=Matthew |last4=Gayle |first4=Damien |title=Trump puts Pence in charge of US virus response – as it happened |journal=The Guardian |date=26 February 2020 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/live/2020/feb/26/coronavirus-latest-updates-who-mission-director-warns-world-is-simply-not-ready }}</ref> After the reporting of the first case of COVID-19 in Saudi Arabia, on 4 March 2020, the Riyadh government banned Umrah pilgrimage to the holy cities of Medina and Mecca for Saudi citizens, foreign visitors, and residents living in the kingdom.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Ebrahim |first1=Shahul H |last2=Memish |first2=Ziad A |title=Saudi Arabia's drastic measures to curb the COVID-19 outbreak: temporary suspension of the Umrah pilgrimage |journal=Journal of Travel Medicine |date=April 2020 |volume=27 |issue=3 |doi=10.1093/jtm/taaa029 |pmid=32109274 |pmc=7107544 }}</ref> On 10 August 2021, Umrah for pilgrims coming from around the world was resumed.<ref>{{cite news|last=Fatima|first=Sakina|date=25 July 2021|url=https://www.siasat.com/saudi-arabia-international-umrah-to-resume-from-august-10-2169070/|title=Saudi Arabia: International Umrah to resume from August 10|work=The Siasat Daily|access-date=9 August 2022}}</ref>

==See also==
{{Portal|Islam|Saudi Arabia}}
*[[Arabian Peninsula]]
*[[List of expeditions of Muhammad]]
*[[Hajj visa policy|Umrah visa policy]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Commons}}
{{Characters and names in the Quran}}

[[Category:Islamic pilgrimages]]
[[Category:Arabic words and phrases]]
[[Category:History of Mecca]]
[[Category:Islamic worship]]
[[Category:Hajj terminology]]

Baarish (film)

2026-03-04T04:05:32Z

Vivekparulekar: fixed issues

{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2017}}
{{infobox film
| name = Baarish
| image = Baarish poster.jpg
| caption = Poster
| director = Shankar Mukherjee
| producer = K. H. Kapadia
| writer = Vrajendra Kaur
| screenplay = Madhusudhan Kalelkar
| story = [[Gyan Mukherjee]]
| music = [[C. Ramchandra]]
| starring = [[Dev Anand]] [[Nutan]]
| cinematography = K. H. Kapadia
| editing = Vithal Banker
| studio = Alankar Chitra
| distributor = Alankar Chitra
| released = {{Film date|1957}}
| country = India
| language = Hindi
}}
'''''Baarish''''' ({{lit|Rain}}) is a 1957 Indian [[Hindi|Hindi-language]] [[crime drama]] film with [[Dev Anand]] and [[Nutan]] in the lead roles. Based on the American film ''[[On the Waterfront]]'', it is the directorial debut of Shankar Mukherjee.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/baarish-1957/article2616239.ece|title=Baarish (1957)|first=Suresh|last=Kohli|date=11 November 2011|website=The Hindu}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/banarasi-babu-1973/article7945663.ece|title=Banarasi Babu (1973)|first=Ranjan Das|last=Gupta|date=3 December 2015|website=The Hindu}}</ref>

==Plot==
Ramu is a young carefree man who raises pigeons. One day, he experiences the shock of his life when his best friend Gopal is murdered. For Ramu, one thing is certain, that he wants revenge.

From a stooge, Ramu learns that behind Gopal's death is a gangster, "Boss". Even as Ramu is in love with his other friend Mohan's sister Chanda, he wants to take revenge for the killing. Even on the wedding night, the opportunity to meet the boss can not be missed by Ramu.

After several twists and with the help of Mohan, they manage to outsmart Boss aka Bihari. Now Ramu can finally devote himself to his wife Chanda, who is expecting their first child.

==Cast==
* [[Dev Anand]] as Ramu
* [[Nutan]] as Chanda
* [[Lalita Pawar]] as Chanda & Mohan's Mother
* [[Anwar Hussain (actor)|Anwar Hussain]] as Mohan
* [[Nana Palsikar]] as Gopal
* [[Gope (actor)|Gope]] as Lachchu
* [[Kumkum (actress)|Kumkum]] as Kamli
* [[Jagdish Sethi]] as Bihari / Boss
* [[Madan Puri]] as Hariya
* [[Mehmood (actor)|Mehmood]] as Ramu's Neighbour
* [[Helen (actress)|Helen]] as Dancer
* Samson as Captain
* Kundan as Neighbour, Eve teaser
* Narbada Shankar as Old neighbour

==Music==

Music was by C Ramchandra. Lyrics for all songs were written by [[Rajinder Krishan]]

{|class="wikitable" style="font-size:92%"
! Song !! Singer
|-
| "Dane Dane Pe Likha Hai"
| [[C. Ramchandra]] as Chitalkar
|-
| "Kehte Hai Pyar Kisko" (Sad)
| C. Ramchandra as Chitalkar
|-
| "Kehte Hai Pyar Kisko, Panchhi Zara Bata De" (Duet)
| C. Ramchandra as Chitalkar, [[Lata Mangeshkar]]
|-
| "Phir Wahi Chand, Wahi Hum, Wahi Tanhai Hai"
| C. Ramchandra as Chitalkar, Lata Mangeshkar
|-
| "Yeh Munh Aur Daal Masoor"
| Lata Mangeshkar
|-
| "Yeh Arzoo Thi Ke Hum"
| Lata Mangeshkar
|-
| "Hum To Jaani Pyar Karega, Nahin Darega, Nahin Darega"
| C. Ramchandra as Chitalkar, [[Asha Bhosle]]
|-
| "Mr. John, Babakhan.....Ya Qurbaan, Ya Qurbaan"
| Asha Bhosle, Chorus
|-
| "Ek Nazar Mein Dil Le Jaye, Surat Ho To Aisi Ho, Dekh Jise Chanda Sharmaye, Surat Ho To Aisi Ho"
| [[C. Ramchandra]] as Chitalkar, [[Talat Mahmood]], [[Mohammed Rafi]], [[Francis Vaz]]
|-
|}

==Trivia==
* In the song "Surat Ho To Aisi Ho", a typical Goan folk style lines are sung by Francis Vaz, father of Franco Vaz (Musician drummer who worked a lot with RD Burman)

* The first line of song "Phir Wahi Chand Wahi Hum Wahi Tanhai Hai" are quite similar to the song "Phir Wahi Sham, Wahi Gham, Wahi Tanhai Hai" from the movie Jahan Ara (1964) music by Madan Mohan.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|0274353}}

[[Category:1957 Hindi-language films]]
[[Category:Films scored by C. Ramchandra]]
[[Category:Indian black-and-white films]]
[[Category:1957 films]]
[[Category:Indian films about revenge]]
[[Category:Indian crime drama films]]
[[Category:1957 crime drama films]]
[[Category:Hindi-language crime drama films]]

{{1950s-Hindi-film-stub}}
[[Category:Films set in Shimla]]
[[Category:Films shot in Himachal Pradesh]]

Kilukil Pambaram

2026-03-03T21:16:32Z

Vivekparulekar: small changes

{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Kilukil Pambaram
| image =
| caption = Poster
| director = [[Thulasidas]]
| producer = Kalliyoor Sasi P. M. Basheer
| writer = [[Sasidharan Arattuvazhi]]
| starring = [[Jayaram]] [[Jagathy Sreekumar]] [[Kaveri (actress)|Kalyani]] [[Vani Viswanath]] [[Madhupal]]
| music = [[S. P. Venkatesh]]
| cinematography = Venugopal
| editing = G. Murali
| studio = United Vision
| distributor = Seven Star Release
| released = {{Film date|1997|1|31|df=y}}
| runtime =
| country = India
| language = [[Malayalam]]
}}

'''''Kilukil Pambaram''''' is a 1997 Indian [[Malayalam]]-language [[comedy drama]] film directed by [[Thulasidas]] and written by [[Sasidharan Arattuvazhi]]. The film stars [[Jayaram]], [[Jagathy Sreekumar]], [[Kaveri (actress)|Kalyani]], [[Vani Viswanath]] and [[Madhupal]]. The film had musical score by [[S. P. Venkatesh]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.filmibeat.com/malayalam/movies/kilukil-pambaram.html|title=Kilukil Pambaram|accessdate=2014-09-20|publisher=filmibeat.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.manoramaonline.com/music/interviews/2020/03/04/birthday-of-music-director-sp-venkatesh.html | title=ആ പാട്ടുവസന്തത്തിന് ഇന്ന് പിറന്നാൾ; എസ്.പി വെങ്കടേഷ് അഭിമുഖം }}</ref>

==Synopsis==
Anadapadmanabhan is hired by the government as the caretaker of the palace and assets because the legal heirs are murdered and there is a dispute regarding the tenure. He must fight to make sure that the property is safe.

==Cast==
*[[Jayaram]] as Advocate Ananthapadmanabhan
*[[Jagathy Sreekumar]] as Urumis
*[[Kaveri (actress)]] as Rohini
*[[Vani Viswanath]] as Sugandhi
*[[Madhupal]] as Chithrapuram Mohana Varma
*[[Rajan P. Dev]] as Meledethu Narayana Kuruppu
*[[Paravoor Ramachandran]] as Mahadeva Varma
*[[Shivaji (Malayalam actor)|Shivaji]] as Nandana Varma
*[[Indrans]] as Sakshi Sadananthan
*[[Kozhikode Narayanan Nair]] as Ramunni Nair
*[[Kanakalatha]] as Sugandhi's mother
*Kumarakom Raghunath as Advocate Sankara Narayanan
*[[Thikkurissy Sukumaran Nair]] as Ananthan's Grandfather
* Cherthala Lalitha as Ananthan's Mother
* Kalliyoor Sasi as Viswambaran

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|0273312}}
* {{YouTube|id=Tfi0lDxuSTM|title=Kilukil Pambaram}}

[[Category:1997 films]]
[[Category:1997 Malayalam-language films]]
[[Category:Indian comedy-drama films]]
[[Category:Films shot in Thiruvananthapuram]]
[[Category:Films directed by Thulasidas]]

{{1990s-Malayalam-film-stub}}

Kallan D'Souza

2026-03-03T09:41:49Z

Vivekparulekar: New a stub!

{{Short description|2022 Indian Malayalam-language film}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2024}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Kallan D'Souza
| image = Kallan D'Souza.jpeg
| alt =
| caption = Official poster
| native_name = 
| director = Jithu K Jayan
| writer = Sajeer Baba
| screenplay =
| story =
| based_on = 
| producer = Ramshi Ahmed
| starring = {{plainlist|
*[[Soubin Shahir]]
* [[Dileesh Pothan]]
*[[Surabhi Lakshmi]]
*[[Hareesh Kanaran]]
}}
| narrator =
| cinematography = Arun Chalil
| editing =
| music = Leo Tom Prashanth Karma [[Kailas Menon]]
| studio = Ruby Films
| distributor = 
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2022|1|21}}
| runtime =
| country = India
| language = Malayalam
| budget =
| gross = {{INR|17 lakhs}}<ref>{{Cite web|title= Kallan D'Souza Box Office Collection {{!}} All Language {{!}} Day Wise {{!}} Worldwide|publisher=Sacnilk|url= https://www.sacnilk.com/news/Kallan_DSouza_2022_Box_Office_Collection_Day_Wise_Worldwide}}</ref>
}}
'''''Kallan D'Souza''''' ({{translation|Thief D'Souza}}) is a 2022 Indian [[Malayalam]]-language [[Action comedy|action comedy film]] directed by Jithu K. Jayan and starring [[Soubin Shahir]], [[Dileesh Pothan]], [[Surabhi Lakshmi]] and [[Hareesh Kanaran]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/soubin-shahirs-next-is-kallan-dsouza/articleshow/76829233.cms|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200709010809/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/soubin-shahirs-next-is-kallan-dsouza/articleshow/76829233.cms|url-status=dead|archive-date=9 July 2020|title=Soubin Shahir's next is 'Kallan D'Souza' - Times of India|website=The Times of India}} </ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/soubin-shahir-to-play-a-thief-in-kallan-d-souza-makers-release-an-exciting-new-poster/articleshow/88065419.cms|title=Soubin Shahir to play a thief in 'Kallan D 'Souza', makers release an exciting new poster - Times of India|website=The Times of India}}</ref> The music was scored by [[Kailas Menon]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/kailas-menon-wraps-up-the-works-of-kallan-dsouza/articleshow/79221180.cms|title=Kailas Menon wraps up the works of 'Kallan D'Souza' - Times of India|website=The Times of India|last1=Soman |first1=Deepa }}</ref> The film is a spin-off to 2015 Malayalam film ''[[Charlie (2015 Malayalam film)|Charlie]]'' where [[Soubin Shahir]] reprises his role as ''Kallan D'Souza''.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.asianetnews.com/entertainment-news/soubin-shahir-to-play-the-lead-in-charlie-spin-off-kallan-dsouza-qr1461 | title=ചാര്‍ലിയിലെ 'കള്ളന്‍ ഡിസൂസ'യ്ക്ക് സ്പിന്‍ ഓഫ്; സൗബിന്‍ നായകനാവുന്ന ചിത്രം വരുന്നു }}</ref>

== Cast ==
* [[Soubin Shahir]] as D'Souza
* [[Dileesh Pothan]] as CI Manoj
* [[Surabhi Lakshmi]] as Asha
* [[Rony David]] as Muhammad Iqbal
* [[Hareesh Kanaran]] as Charlie, D'Souza asst.
* [[Vijayaraghavan]] as DYSP Abraham
* [[Sreejith Ravi]] as CPO Sukumaran
* [[Santhosh Keezhattoor]] as CPO Jayakrishnan
* Privin Vinish as Gunda
* [[Prem Kumar (Malayalam actor)|Prem Kumar]] as Babu
* [[Krishnakumar]] as George

== Reception ==
A critic from ''[[The Times of India]]'' wrote that "While the premise of blurring the lines between traditional roles of good and bad is interesting, the film is hardly well developed".<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movie-reviews/kallan-dsouza/movie-review/89510480.cms|title=Kallan D'Souza Movie Review: A twist on the cop-thief story|newspaper=The Times of India }}</ref> A critic from ''[[The Indian Express]]'' wrote that "There are no humour elements, memorable moments or engaging factors in ''Kallan D'Souza'' other than the curiosity to know whether Asha and her child get a relief from the hands of Manoj".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/malayalam/mollywood-movie-review/kallan-dsouza-review-the-soubin-shahir-movie-falls-flat-7771626/|title=Kallan D'Souza review: The Soubin Shahir movie falls flat|date=14 February 2022}}</ref> On the contrary, a critic from ''[[Manorama Online]]'' wrote that "''Kallan D'Souza'' is definitely an engaging watch".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.onmanorama.com/entertainment/movie-reviews/2022/02/10/soubin-shahir-kallan-d-souza-review.html|title=Kallan D'Souza review: What a thug's life mirrors|website=OnManorama}}</ref> A critic from ''[[HT Media|OTT Play]]'' wrote that "''Kallan D'Souza'' is a comedy that lacks any real humour and gets lost in what they really wanted to do, with the two subplots".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ottplay.com/review/kallan-dsouza-review-soubin-shahirs-comedy-let-down-by-mediocre-writing/9ad1ad80da846|title=Kallan D'Souza review: Soubin Shahir's comedy is let down by mediocre writing|website=OTTPlay}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:2022 Malayalam-language films]]
[[Category:2022 films]]
[[Category:Indian heist films]]
[[Category:Indian action comedy films]]

Crotalaria sandoorensis

2026-02-28T04:09:02Z

Vivekparulekar: Started a details.

{{Short description|Species of plant}}
{{Speciesbox
| genus = Crotalaria
| species = sandoorensis
| authority = Beddome
}}

'''''Crotalaria sandoorensis''''' is a species of plant endemic to India. This species of plant was collected by [[Richard Henry Beddome]] from the hills around [[Sanduru|Sandur]] in Karnataka.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/42569 |title=Bulletin of miscellaneous information |last2=Royal Botanic Gardens |first2=Kew |date=1917 |publisher=H.M. Stationery Office |volume=1917 |location=London}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Ravi |first=Gollamandala |last2=Reddy |first2=Allam Vijaya Bhaskar |last3=Anjaneyulu |first3=Paradesi |last4=Veeranjaneyulu |first4=Dasari |date=2022-08-02 |title=Extended distribution of two endemic Crotalaria species to Telangana state, India |url=https://www.nelumbo-bsi.org/index.php/nlmbo/article/view/169375 |journal=Nelumbo |pages=319–325 |doi=10.20324/nelumbo/v64/2022/169375 |issn=2455-376X|url-access=subscription |doi-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Crotalaria sandoorensis Bedd. ex Gamble |url=https://www.gbif.org/species/2941952 |access-date=2025-07-09 |website=www.gbif.org |language=en}}</ref>

== Description ==
A shrub that grows up to 1.5 meters tall with stem covered with hairs. It has simple leaves that are 3.2 to 6 cm × 1.2 to 2.2 cm and [[subsessile]]. The flowers are yellow and keel petals are hairy outside.<ref name=":0" />

== Ecology ==
It grows in rocky terrain around hills and flowers between October and March.<ref name=":0" />

== Distribution ==
It is found in [[Karnataka]], [[Andhra Pradesh]] and [[Telangana]] states in India.<ref name=":0" />

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Taxonbar|from=Q15454631}}

[[Category:Crotalaria|sandoorensis]]
[[Category:Endemic fauna of India]]

St. Thomas Cathedral Basilica, Chennai

2026-02-26T02:40:55Z

Vivekparulekar: details

{{distinguish|St. Thomas Mount National Shrine Basilica}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2019}}
{{coord|13|2|1|N|80|16|40|E|display=title}}
{{Infobox church
| name = Santhome Church
| fullname = National Shrine of Saint Thomas Basilica
| image = Santhome_Basilica.jpg
| imagesize =
| landscape =
| caption = Santhome Basilica
| mapframe = no 
| location = 38 Santhome High Road, [[Chennai]], Tamil Nadu
| country = India
| denomination = [[Catholic Church]]
| previous denomination =
| tradition = [[Latin Church]]
| churchmanship =
| membership =
| attendance =
| website = {{url|https://www.santhomechurch.org/}}
| former name =
| bull date = 16 March 1956
| founded date = 1523 ({{ago|1523}})
| founder = Portuguese explorers
| dedication = [[Thomas the Apostle]]
| dedicated date =
| consecrated date =
| cult =
| relics = Thomas the Apostle
| events =
| past bishop =
| people =
| status = [[Minor basilica]]<ref name=santhomebasilica>{{cite web|url=http://www.santhomechurch.com/new/|title=Basilica of the National Shrine of St.Thomas|publisher=SanThomeChurch.com|access-date=20 February 2010|archive-date=26 February 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150226133556/http://www.santhomechurch.com/new/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
| functional status = Active
| heritage designation = [[National Shrine]]<ref>{{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20090227014355/http://www.santhomebasilica.com/history.html National Shrine Status]}}</ref>
| designated date =
| architect = Captain J. A. Power (current structure)
| architectural type =
| style = [[Gothic revival|Neo-Gothic]]
| groundbreaking = 1500
| completed date = 1523 (Current building 1896)
| construction cost =
| closed date =
| demolished date =
| capacity =
| length = {{convert|64|m|ft}}
| width = {{convert|12.2|m|ft}}
| width nave = {{convert|10|m|ft}}
| height = {{convert|41|m|ft}}
| diameter =
| other dimensions =
| floor count =
| floor area =
| spire quantity =
| spire height = {{convert|47.2|m|ft}}
| materials =
| parish =
| deanery =
| archdeaconry =
| diocese = [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Madras and Mylapore|Madras and Mylapore]]
| province = Chennai
| presbytery =
| synod =
| circuit =
| district =
| division =
| subdivision =
| language(s) = [[Tamil language|Tamil]] and English
| archbishop = Archbishop [[George Antonysamy]] (2012–present)
| bishop =
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| provost-rector =
| viceprovost =
| canon =
| canonpastor =
| precentor =
| archdeacon =
| prebendary =
| rector =
| vicar =
| curate =
| priest = Rev Fr Vincent Chinnadurai
| asstpriest = Rev Fr Micheal Andrew
| minister =
| honpriest =
| deacon =
| seniorpastor =
| pastor =
| abbot =
| chaplain =
| reader =
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| logo =
| logosize =
}}
'''San Thome Church''', officially known as the '''National Shrine of St. Thomas Cathedral Basilica,''' is a church of the [[Catholic Church in India]], at the [[Santhome]] neighbourhood of [[Madras (Chennai)|Chennai]], in [[Tamil Nadu]]. It is the cathedral of the [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Madras and Mylapore|Archdiocese of Madras-Mylapore]], and a minor basilica dedicated to [[Thomas the Apostle|Saint Thomas the Apostle]]. The present structure dates back to 1523 AD, when it was built by the [[Portuguese in Goa and Bombay|Portuguese]] over the tomb of Thomas.<ref>[https://www.indiastudychannel.com/resources/143635-Santhome-Basilica-in-Chennai-A-Historical-Pilgrimage.aspx Santhome Basilica in Chennai — A historical pilgrimage] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210830073622/https://www.indiastudychannel.com/resources/143635-Santhome-Basilica-in-Chennai-A-Historical-Pilgrimage.aspx |date=30 August 2021 }} ''indiastudychannel.com''. Retrieved 30 August 2021</ref> In 1896, it was [[renovation|renovated]] in the [[Madras province]] according to [[Gothic Revival|neo-Gothic design]]s, as was favoured by [[British architecture in India|British architect]]s in the late 19th century. On April 1, 1896, it was solemnly consecrated by Bishop Reed da Silva of Madras, assisted by the Bishop of Dhaka, [[Peter Joseph Hurth]].

==History ==
===Portuguese Era===
[[File:JPG 1.jpg|thumb|Santhome Church, as built by the Portuguese in 1523]]
{{unreferenced section|date=October 2023}}

In 1521, the [[Portuguese in Goa and Bombay-Bassein]] sent missionaries to [[Madras (Chennai)|Madras]] (now Chennai) in search of the tomb of [[Thomas the Apostle]], who by local tradition had come to South Asia to preach the Gospel and spread the teachings of Jesus Christ. The site they found was neglected and the Portuguese decided to rebuild the [[shrine]] over the tomb. With the support and authority of King [[John III of Portugal]] they started building the church, which was consecrated in 1523. Portuguese ''[[Padroado]]'' priests resumed the daily celebration of [[liturgy]] ([[Holy Mass]]) at the site.

In 1545, [[Francis Xavier]] visited the shrine and lived for about one year in the [[Presbytery (architecture)|presbytery]] of the Santhome Church before he left for his mission in Ilha Formosa ([[Taiwan]]). When he lived in the church, he regularly [[pray]]ed in front of a statue of the [[Mary of Nazareth|Virgin Mother Mary]] and celebrated Holy Mass; he also prayed regularly at the tomb. The church was made a cathedral in 1606 by [[Pope Paul V]] with the creation of the [[Diocese of Saint Thomas of Mylapore]].
===British Era===
[[File:SANTHOME CATHEDRAL.jpg|thumb|Santhome Cathedral, as rebuilt by the British in 1896]]
The church was rebuilt in 1896 by the [[British Raj|British]] in the style of [[Gothic Revival architecture]]. The place where Thomas is believed to be buried is marked by the second small tower in the centre of the cathedral. [[Pope Pius XII]] honoured this cathedral church, elevating it to the dignity and rank of a [[minor basilica]] in 1956. [[Pope John Paul II]] is the only pope to have visited the church, in 1986. The church was declared a [[National Shrine]] in 2004 by the [[Catholic Bishops' Conference of India]], and became known as the National Shrine of Saint Thomas Cathedral Basilica.

==Architecture==
{{unreferenced section|date=October 2023}}
Santhome Church exhibits the Gothic revival architecture style of the late 19th century. It has a [[rib vault]] ceiling made of [[teak wood]], with marble and granite used in other parts of the construction. It was built with 16 windows and 34 [[stained glass]] panels, with a main stained glass over the altar representing Thomas the Apostle touching the wound of Christ. The statue in the main altar represents "Thomas the Apostle as priest and Jesus Christ as king". In addition, there are 14 [[Stations of the Cross]] attached at the side wall of the cathedral.

The church has two [[spire]]s. The primary spire, at the left side of the church's entrance, is {{convert|147|ft|m|order=flip}} tall. It can be seen from a distance and serves as a bell tower. The second spire rises from the centre of the church to indicate the position of the believed tomb of Thomas.

[[File:Santhome pipe.jpg|thumb|Pipe organ in Santhome Church]]

A 200-year-old British [[pipe organ]] is installed in the church's gallery, reached by stairs at the entrance.

An [[Eucharistic adoration|adoration chapel]] adjoining the main church provides for silent moments before the [[Blessed Sacrament]]. This chapel can be approached from the left wing of the church apart from an exclusive entrance from the outside.

==Observances==
===Mylai Matha===

A gold-painted wooden statue of [[Mother Mary]] was brought from [[Lisbon]] to [[Santhome Church]] in 1523. It is installed at the left side of the church altar and is referred to as Our Lady of [[Mylapore]] or, locally, Mylai Matha.

[[File:Mylai matha.jpg|thumb|Altar of Mylai Matha consisting 500-year-old wooden Mary statue at Santhome Church]]

The feast of Mylai Matha is celebrated in December. Worshippers show devotion to Mylai Matha on the second Saturday of the month, with special prayers, procession, rosary and benediction in the evening. The tradition is held to have begun with [[Francis Xavier]].

===Pole of St. Thomas===
A wooden pole at the church is believed by worshippers to have been washed ashore and erected by [[Thomas the Apostle]]. These worshippers believe the presence of the pole saved the church from the [[2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami|2004 tsunami]].

==Key dates==
{{Unreferenced section|date=July 2023}}
* AD 72 – [[Saint Thomas the Apostle]] believed to have died in [[St. Thomas Mount]] and was buried in [[Mylapore]] (present-day [[Santhome]]).
* 1291 – Italian Franciscan missionary [[John of Montecorvino]] visited the tomb.
* 1292 – Venetian explorer [[Marco Polo]] visited the tomb.
* 14th century – [[Franciscan]] missionaries visited the tomb.
* 1425–1430 – Venetian explorer [[Niccolò de' Conti|Nicolo Conti]] visited.
* 1517 – Portuguese missionaries arrived in Mylapore.
* 1522 – Construction of a new church over the tomb began.
* 1523 – Santhome Church was opened by the Portuguese.
* 1545 – [[Francis Xavier]] visited the church.
* 1606 – Santhome Church was raised to a cathedral by [[Pope Paul V]].
* 1893 – The British started rebuilding the Portuguese cathedral with Neo-gothic styled architecture.
* 1896 – Santhome Church opened by British with the status of cathedral.
* 1927 – Santhome Church is granted the honor of minor basilica by [[Pope Pius XI]], making the first minor basilica in [[Tamil Nadu]].
* 1986 – [[Pope John Paul II]] visited.
* 2004 – The church undergoes major restoration and tomb of St. Thomas is renovated with the construction of new underground chapel.
* 2006 – Santhome Church was declared a [[National Shrine]].
* 2024 – Commemorative arch was unveiled at Santhome Basilica as part of the 1950th-year celebrations of martyrdom of St. Thomas the Apostle.

==Relics==
[[file:chennai, basilica di san tommaso apostolo, museo, reliquiario dell'osso di s. tommaso e della lancia che lo uccise, 02.jpg|thumb|Spearhead said to have killed Saint Thomas]]

[[Relic]]s claimed to be held at the church include:
* Bones of [[Thomas the Apostle]]
* Spearhead that was used to kill Saint Thomas at [[St. Thomas Mount]]
* Holy relic of [[Francis Xavier]]
* Holy relic of [[Bartholomew the Apostle]]
* Holy relic of [[Philomena]]

==Burials==

* [[Thomas the Apostle]]
* Bishop [[Louis Mathias]]
* Bishop [[Antony Devotta]]
* Archbishop Casimir Gnanadickam
* Archbishop Anthony Rayappa Arulappa
* Archbishop Aruldas
* Bishop Francis Arthur Carvalho
* [[Dominican Order|Dominican]] friar Nicholas of Pistoia
* Governor [[A. J. John]]

==Gallery==
<gallery>
File:Santhome spire and church sideview.jpg|Aerial side view
File:SANTHOME CATHEDRAL- SIDE VIEW FROM BACK SIDE (EVENING MASS).jpg|Side view from behind
File:Spire 1 santhome.jpg|First spire (bell tower)
File:Spire 2 Santhome.jpg|Second Spire
File:SANTHOME CATHEDRAL - JUST BEFORE EVENING MASS.jpg|Cathedral interior
File:SANTHOME CATHEDRAL DURING MASS.jpg|Evening mass
File:Santhome main altar.jpg|Main altar
File:Chair of Santhome Church.jpg|Chairs
File:Santhome church eagle pulpit.jpg|Eagle pulpit
File:Santhome high altar.jpg|High altar statue of Jesus
File:Mylai mathq.jpg|Statue of Our Lady of Mylapore
File:SANTHOME CATHEDRAL- ST.THOMAS AND JESUS (INSIDE).jpg|Thomas and Jesus
File:Saint Thomas tomb.jpg|Tomb of Thomas the Apostle
</gallery>
===Stained glass===
<gallery>
File:Santhome stained glass.jpg|Left wing
File:Santhome church stained glass.jpg|Main altar
File:Santhome Church window.jpg|Lower window
File:Santhome Church door.jpg|Main entrance
File:Santhome upper stained glass.jpg|Upper window, main altar
File:Santhome choir stained glass.jpg|Upper floor
File:Santhome coloured stained glass window.jpg
</gallery>

==See also==
{{Portal|India|Christianity}}
{{div col}}
* [[Roman Catholicism in India]]
* [[Saint Thomas of Mylapur]]
* [[Basilica of Our Lady of Good Health]]
* [[Poondi Matha Basilica]]
* [[Our Lady of Snows Basilica]]
* [[Christianity in India]]
* [[Christianity in Tamil Nadu]]
* [[List of churches in Chennai]]
* [[St. Thomas Mount]]
* [[Santhome]]
{{div col end}}
==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{commons category|San Thome Basilica, Chennai}}
* [https://www.santhomechurch.org/ Official website of San Thome Church]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20220528220751/https://santhomechurch.com/ Previous church website (archived)]
* [http://sites.google.com/site/santhomythgrp/ San Thome Church Youth Group]

{{Chennai Topics}}
{{Places of worship in Chennai}}
{{Basilicas in India}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:St. Thomas Cathedral Basilica, Chennai}}
[[Category:Roman Catholic churches completed in 1523]]
[[Category:Roman Catholic churches completed in 1896]]
[[Category:Basilica churches in Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Roman Catholic cathedrals in Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Roman Catholic church buildings in Chennai]]
[[Category:Rebuilt buildings and structures in India]]
[[Category:1523 establishments in the Portuguese Empire]]
[[Category:Roman Catholic church buildings in Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Tombs of apostles]]
[[Category:19th-century Roman Catholic church buildings in India]]
[[Category:16th-century Roman Catholic church buildings in India]]

Chukar partridge

2026-02-12T14:36:18Z

Vivekparulekar: cleanup

{{Short description|Species of bird}}
{{For |other uses of "chukar" |Chukar (disambiguation)}}
{{Speciesbox
| name = Chukar partridge
| image = Chukarhuhn Weltvogelpark Walsrode 2010.jpg
| image_caption = Chukar at [[:en:Weltvogelpark Walsrode|Weltvogelpark Walsrode]], Germany
| status = LC
| status_system = IUCN3.1
| status_ref = <ref name="iucn">{{cite iucn |author=BirdLife International |date=2019 |title=''Alectoris chukar'' |amends=2018 |article-number=e.T22678691A155454429 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T22678691A155454429.en |access-date=24 May 2022}}</ref>
| genus = Alectoris
| species = chukar
| authority = ([[John Edward Gray|J. E. Gray]], 1830)
| range_map = AlectorisChristensen.svg
| range_map_caption = Rough distribution of chukar (green) and related partridges
| synonyms = *''Caccabis kakelik''
| subdivision_ranks = Subspecies
| subdivision = {{collapsible list|
*''A. c. chukar''
*''A. c. cypriotes''
*''A. c. dzungarica''
*''A. c. falki''
*''A. c. kleini''
*''A. c. koroviakovi''
*''A. c. kurdestanica''
*''A. c. pallescens''
*''A. c. pallida''
*''A. c. potanini''
*''A. c. pubescens''
*''A. c. sinaica''
*''A. c. subpallida''
*''A. c. werae''}}
}}

The '''chukar partridge''' ('''''Alectoris chukar'''''), or simply '''chukar''', is a [[Palearctic]] upland [[Upland game|gamebird]] in the [[pheasant]] family [[Phasianidae]]. It has been considered to form a [[superspecies complex]] along with the [[rock partridge]], [[Philby's partridge]] and [[Przevalski's partridge]] and treated in the past as conspecific particularly with the first. This [[partridge]] has well-marked black and white bars on the flanks and a black band running from the forehead across the eye down the head to form a necklace that encloses a white throat. Native to Asia, the species has been introduced into many other places and feral populations have established themselves in parts of North America, Malta and New Zealand. This bird can be found in parts of Middle East and temperate Asia.

==Description==
[[File:Chukar Partridge from Ladakh.jpg|thumb|left|upright|Chukar at [[Chang La]], [[Ladakh]], India.]]
[[File:Alectoris chukar hm.jpg|thumb|left|upright|Illustration from [[Allan Octavian Hume|Hume]] and Marshall's ''Game Birds of India, Burma and Ceylon'']]

The chukar is a rotund {{Convert|32|-|35|cm|abbr = on}} long partridge, with a light brown back, grey breast, and buff belly. The shades vary across the various populations. The face is white with a black [[gorget (birds)|gorget]]. It has [[Wikt:rufous|rufous]]-streaked flanks, red legs and coral red bill. Sexes are similar, the female slightly smaller in size and lacking the spur.<ref name="pcr">{{cite book |last=Rasmussen |first=Pamela C. |author-link=Pamela C. Rasmussen |title=Birds of South Asia: The Ripley Guide |last2=Anderton |first2=John C. |publisher=Smithsonian Institution & Lynx Edicions |year=2005 |isbn=84-87334-66-0 |volume=2 |page=120}}</ref> The tail has 14 feathers, the third primary is the longest while the first is level with the fifth and sixth primaries.<ref name="fbi">{{cite book |author=Blanford |first=William Thomas |author-link=William Thomas Blanford |url=https://archive.org/stream/birdsindia04oaterich#page/131/mode/1up/ |title=Fauna of British India. Birds. Volume 4 |publisher=Taylor and Francis, London |year=1898 |pages=131–132}}</ref>

It is very similar to the [[rock partridge]] (''Alectoris graeca'') with which it has been lumped in the past<ref name=watson>{{cite journal|author=Watson GE|title=Three sibling species of ''Alectoris'' Partridge|journal= Ibis| volume=104|issue=3| pages=353–367| year= 1962| doi= 10.1111/j.1474-919X.1962.tb08663.x}}</ref> but is browner on the back and has a yellowish tinge to the foreneck. The sharply defined gorget distinguishes this species from the [[red-legged partridge]] which has the black collar breaking into dark streaks near the breast. Their song is a noisy ''chuck-chuck-chukar-chukar'' from which the name is derived.<ref name=fbi2>{{cite book|author=Baker ECS |year=1928| title= Fauna of British India. Birds. Volume 5 |edition=2nd|publisher=Taylor and Francis, London|pages=402–405|url=https://archive.org/stream/BakerFbiBirds5/BakerFBI5#page/n430/mode/1up/}}</ref> The [[Barbary partridge]] (''Alectoris barbara'') has a reddish-brown rather than black collar with a grey throat and face with a chestnut crown.<ref name=johnsgard/>

Other common names of this bird include '''chukker''' ('''chuker''' or '''chukor'''), '''Indian chukar''' and '''keklik'''.

==Distribution and habitat==
[[File:Chukar Patridge 2.jpg|thumb|Chukar Patridge from United Arab Emirates]]
This [[partridge]] has its native range in Asia, including [[Israel]], [[Jordan]], [[Palestine (region)|Palestine]], [[Lebanon]], [[Syria]], [[United Arab Emirates]], [[Saudi Arabia]], [[Oman]], [[Turkey]], [[Kurdistan]], [[Iran]], [[Afghanistan]], [[Tajikistan]], [[Pakistan]] and [[India]], along the inner ranges of the western [[Himalayas]] to [[Nepal]], as well as southeasternmost Europe in [[Bulgaria]] and [[Greece]].<ref name="iucn"/> Further west in southeastern Europe it is replaced by the [[rock partridge]], ''Alectoris graeca''. It barely ranges into Africa on the [[Sinai Peninsula]]. The habitat in the native range is rocky open hillsides with grass or scattered scrub or cultivation. In Israel and [[Jordan]] it is found at low altitudes, starting at {{Convert|400|m|abbr = on}} below sea level in the [[Dead Sea]] area, whereas in the more eastern areas it is mainly found at an altitude of {{Convert|2000|to|4000|m|ft|abbr = on}} except in Pakistan, where it occurs at {{Convert|600|m|abbr = on}}.<ref name=pcr/><ref name=whistler/> They are not found in areas of high humidity or rainfall.<ref name=baker_gbi/>

It has been [[introduced species|introduced]] widely as a game bird, and feral populations have become established in the United States ([[Rocky Mountains]], [[Great Basin]], [[Mojave Desert|high desert areas of California]]), [[Canada]], [[Chile]], [[Argentina]], [[New Zealand]] and [[Hawaii]].<ref>Long, John L. (1981). Introduced Birds of the World. Agricultural Protection Board of Western Australia, 21–493</ref> Initial introductions into the US were from the nominate populations collected from Afghanistan and Nepal.<ref>{{cite book|vauthors=Pyle RL, Pyle P|year=2009|title= The Birds of the Hawaiian Islands: Occurrence, History, Distribution, and Status|publisher= B.P. Bishop Museum, Honolulu, HI, U.S.A.|url=http://hbs.bishopmuseum.org/birds/rlp-monograph/pdfs/02-Galliformes-Procellariiformes/CHUK.pdf}}</ref> The birds are hunted across the dry, rocky [[Columbia Plateau|Columbia Basin]], especially in the vicinity of the [[Snake River]] in Washington and Oregon.<ref>{{cite news|title=Tough hunting: The challenge of chukar hunting brings its own rewards|author=Luke Thompson|newspaper=Yakima Herald-Republic|location=Yakima, Washington|date=October 23, 2019|url=https://www.yakimaherald.com/sports/outdoors/tough-hunting-the-challenge-of-chukar-hunting-brings-its-own-rewards/article_791169ed-afc0-557a-a4b0-f993096b4995.html}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Hunting chukar partridge|publisher=[[Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife]]|access-date=November 9, 2022|url=https://wdfw.wa.gov/hunting/requirements/upland-birds/chukar}}</ref> It has also been introduced to [[New South Wales]] in Australia but breeding populations have not persisted and are probably extinct.<ref>{{cite book|title=Systematics and Taxonomy of Australian Birds|url=https://archive.org/details/systematicstaxon00chri|url-access=limited|vauthors=Christidis L, Boles WE|year=2008|publisher=CSIRO|page=[https://archive.org/details/systematicstaxon00chri/page/n70 60]|isbn=978-0-643-06511-6}}</ref> A small population exists on [[Robben Island]] in South Africa since it was introduced there in 1964.<ref>[http://www.biodiversityexplorer.org/birds/phasianidae/alectoris_chukar.htm ''Alectoris chukar'' (Chukar partridge)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180904170048/http://www.biodiversityexplorer.org/birds/phasianidae/alectoris_chukar.htm |date=2018-09-04 }}. Biodiversityexplorer.org. Retrieved 2011-11-28.</ref>

The chukar readily interbreeds with the [[red-legged partridge]] (''Alectoris rufa''), and the practice of breeding and releasing captive-bred hybrids has been banned in various countries including the [[United Kingdom]], as it is a threat to wild populations.<ref name="GWCT">{{cite web|url=http://www.gwct.org.uk/game/research/species/red-legged-partridge/|title=Red-legged partridge|access-date=2015-12-25|publisher=Game & Wildlife Conservation Trust}}</ref>

==Systematics and taxonomy==
[[File:Alectoris chukar 7 - Israel.jpg|thumb|''Alectoris chukar'']]

The chukar partridge is part of a confusing group of "red-legged partridges". Several plumage variations within the widespread distribution of the chukar partridge have been described and designated as subspecies. In the past the chukar group was included with the [[rock partridge]] (also known as the Greek partridge). The species from Turkey and farther east was subsequently separated from ''A. graeca'' of Greece and Bulgaria and western Europe.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Hartert |first=Ernst |author-link=Ernst Hartert |year=1925 |title=A new form of Chukar Partridge ''Alectoris graeca kleini'' subsp.nov. |url=https://archive.org/stream/novitateszoologi32lond#page/n163/mode/1up |journal=Novitates Zoologicae |volume=32 |page=137}}</ref><ref name=christensen>{{cite book|url=http://www.ndow.org/about/pubs/reports/1970_Chukar-Partridge_Bulletin.pdf|author=Christensen GC|year=1970|title=The Chukar Partridge. Biological Bulletin No. 4|publisher=Nevada Department of Wildlife|access-date=2010-07-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101011090518/http://www.ndow.org/about/pubs/reports/1970_Chukar-Partridge_Bulletin.pdf|archive-date=2010-10-11}}</ref>

===Subspecies===
The chukar has 14 recognized [[subspecies]]:<ref>{{Cite web |title=DOI – IOC World Bird List |url=https://www.worldbirdnames.org/ioc-lists/crossref/ |access-date=2023-03-18 |publisher=www.worldbirdnames.org |doi=10.14344/ioc.ml.13.1}}</ref>

* ''A. c. chukar'' (nominate species) (J. E. Gray, 1830) - eastern [[Afghanistan]] to eastern [[Nepal]]
* ''A. c. cypriotes'' ([[Ernst Hartert|Hartert]], 1917) - southeastern [[Bulgaria]] to southern [[Syria]], [[Crete]], [[Rhodes]] and [[Cyprus]]
* ''A. c. dzungarica'' (Sushkin, 1927) – northwestern [[Mongolia]] to [[Altai Mountains|Russian Altai]] and eastern [[Tibet]]
* ''A. c. falki'' ([[Ernst Hartert|Hartert]], 1917) – north central [[Afghanistan]] to [[Pamir Mountains]] and western [[China]]
* ''A. c. kleini'' ([[Ernst Hartert|Hartert]], 1925) – northern [[Greece]] through [[Bulgaria]] and north [[Turkey]] to the [[Caucasus]]
* ''A. c. koroviakovi'' ([[Nikolai Zarudny|Zarudny]], 1914) – eastern [[Iran]] to [[Pakistan]]
* ''A. c. kurdestanica'' ([[Richard Meinertzhagen|Meinertzhagen]], 1923) – [[Caucasus Mountains]] to [[Iran]]
* ''A. c. pallescens'' ([[Allan Octavian Hume|Hume]], 1873) – northeastern [[Afghanistan]] to [[Ladakh]] and western [[Tibet]]
* ''A. c. pallida'' ([[Allan Octavian Hume|Hume]], 1873) – northwestern [[China]]
* ''A. c. potanini'' (Sushkin, 1927) – western [[Mongolia]]
* ''A. c. pubescens'' ([[Robert Swinhoe|R. Swinhoe]], 1871) – inner [[Mongolia]] to northwestern [[Sichuan]] and eastern [[Qinghai]]
* ''A. c. sinaica'' ([[Charles Lucien Bonaparte|Bonaparte]], 1858) – northern [[Syrian Desert]] to [[Sinai Peninsula]]
* ''A. c. subpallida'' ([[Nikolai Zarudny|Zarudny]], 1914) – [[Kyzylkum Desert|Kyzyl Kum]] and [[Karakum Desert|Kara Kum]] Mountains ([[Tajikistan]])
* ''A. c. werae'' ([[Nikolai Zarudny|Zarudny]] and Loudon, 1904) – eastern [[Iraq]] and southwestern [[Iran]]

==Population and status==
[[File:AntelopeIsland Chukar.JPG|thumb|right|Chukar partridge (right) in the [[Antelope Island State Park]], [[Utah]], US]]

This species is relatively unaffected by hunting or loss of habitat. Its numbers are largely affected by weather patterns during the breeding season. The release of captive stock in some parts of southern Europe can threaten native populations of rock partridge and red-legged partridge with which they may hybridize.<ref name=Barilani/><ref name=Duarte/>

British sportsmen in India considered the chukar as good sport although they were not considered to be particularly good in flavour. Their fast flight and ability to fly some distance after being shot made recovery of the birds difficult without retriever dogs.<ref name="humegame" /> During cold winters, when the higher areas are covered in snow, people in [[Kashmir]] have been known to use a technique to tire the birds out to catch them.<ref name="Ludlow" />

==Behaviour and ecology==
In the non-breeding season, chukar partridge are found in small coveys of 10 or more (up to 50) birds. In summer, chukars form pairs to breed. During this time, the cocks are very pugnacious in their calling and fighting.<ref name=whistler/><ref name=baker_gbi/><ref name=finn/><ref name=hbk/> During winter they descend into the valleys and feed in fields. They call frequently during the day and especially in the mornings and evenings. The call is loud and includes loud repeated ''chuck'' notes and sometimes duetting ''chuker'' notes. Several calls varying with context have been noted.<ref name=Stokes/> The most common call is a "rallying call" which when played back elicits a response from birds and has been used in surveys, although the method is not very reliable.<ref name=Williams/><ref name=Bohl/> When disturbed, it prefers to run rather than fly, but if necessary it flies a short distance often down a slope on rounded wings, calling immediately after alighting.<ref name=pcr/><ref name=humegame/><ref name=oates/> In Utah, birds were found to forage in an area of about {{Convert|2.6|km2|abbr = on}} and travel up to {{Convert|4.8|km|abbr = on}} to obtain water during the dry season. The home range was found to be even smaller in Idaho.<ref name=Walter/><ref name=Bump/><ref name=Phelps/>
The breeding season is summer. Males perform tidbitting displays, a form of [[courtship feeding]] where the male pecks at food and a female may visit to peck in response. The males may chase females with head lowered, wing lowered and neck fluffed. The male may also perform a high step stiff walk while making a special call. The female may then crouch in acceptance and the male mounts to copulate, while grasping the nape of the female. Males are monogamous.<ref name="christensen" /> The nest is a scantily lined ground scrape, though occasionally a compact pad is created with a depression in the centre. Generally, the nests are sheltered by ferns and small bushes, or placed in a dip or rocky hillside under an overhanging rock. About 7 to 14 eggs are laid.<ref name="baker_gbi" /><ref name="hbk" /><ref name="Hume" /> The eggs hatch in about 23–25 days. In captivity they can lay an egg each day during the breeding season if eggs are collected daily.<ref name="Woodard" /> Chicks join their parents in foraging and will soon join the chicks of other members of the covey.<ref name="johnsgard" />[[File:Chukar from Jebel Al Lawz, Saudi Arabia.jpg|left|thumb|Chukar from Jebel Al Lawz, Saudi Arabia]]As young chukars grow, and before flying for the first time, they utilize [[wing-assisted incline running]] as a transition to adult flight. This behaviour is found in several bird species, but has been extensively studied in chukar chicks, as a model to explain the [[origin of avian flight|evolution of avian flight]].<ref name="TobalskeDial2007">{{cite journal |author1=Tobalske, B. W. |author2=Dial, K. P. |year=2007 |title=Aerodynamics of wing-assisted incline running in birds |journal=The Journal of Experimental Biology |volume=210 |pages=1742–1751|doi=10.1242/jeb.001701 |pmid=17488937 |issue=Pt 10|doi-access=free }}</ref><ref name=Dialetal2006>{{cite journal|last1=Dial|first1=K. P.|last2=Randall|first2=R. J.|last3=Dial|first3=T. R. |title=What Use Is Half a Wing in the Ecology and Evolution of Birds? |journal=BioScience |volume=56 |issue=5 |pages=437–445 |doi=10.1641/0006-3568(2006)056[0437:WUIHAW]2.0.CO;2|year=2006|url=http://scholarworks.umt.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1043&context=biosci_pubs|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name="Dial2003WAIR">{{cite journal |author=Dial, K.P. |year=2003 |title=Wing-Assisted Incline Running and the Evolution of Flight |journal=Science |volume=299 |issue=5605 |pages=402–404 |doi=10.1126/science.1078237 |url=http://dbs.umt.edu/flightlab/pdf/WAIR.SCIENCE.pdf | pmid=12532020 |bibcode = 2003Sci...299..402D |s2cid=40712093 }}</ref><ref name="BundleDial2003MechanicsOfWAIR">{{cite journal |year=2003 |title=Mechanics of wing-assisted incline running (WAIR) |journal=The Journal of Experimental Biology |volume=206 |pages=4553–4564 |url=http://dbs.umt.edu/flightlab/pdf/bundle%20and%20dial%20JEB%202003.pdf |author1=Bundle, M.W. |author2=Dial, K.P. |doi=10.1242/jeb.00673 | pmid=14610039 |issue=Pt 24 |s2cid=6323207 |doi-access=free }}</ref>

[[File:FarahChukar.png|thumb|upright|150px|A chukar in a 17th-century Persian encyclopedia]]

Chukar will take a wide variety of seeds and some [[insect]]s as food. It also ingests grit.<ref name=oates /> In Kashmir, the seeds of a species of ''[[Eragrostis]]'' was particularly dominant in their diet<ref name=Oakleaf/> while those in the US favoured ''[[Bromus tectorum]]''.<ref name=johnsgard/> Birds feeding on succulent vegetation make up for their water needs but visit open water in summer.<ref name=Degen/>

Chukar roost on rocky slopes or under shrubs. In the winter, birds in the US selected protected niches or caves. A group may roost in a tight circle with their heads pointed outwards to conserve heat and keep a look out for predators.<ref name=johnsgard/>

Chukar are sometimes preyed on by [[golden eagle]]s.<ref name="bbb">{{cite journal |author=Ticehurst |first=Claud B. |author-link=Claud B. Ticehurst |year=1927 |title=The Birds of British Baluchistan. Part 3 |url=https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/47859292 |journal=Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society |volume=32 |issue=1 |pages=64–97}}</ref>

Birds in captivity can die from ''[[Mycoplasma]]'' infection and outbreaks of other diseases such as [[erysipelas]].<ref name=Lateef/><ref name=Pettit/><ref name=Dubey/>

==In culture==
The name is [[onomatopoeic]] and mentions of ''chakor'' in Sanskrit, from northern Indian date back to the ''[[Markandeya Purana]]'' (c. 250–500 AD).<ref>{{Cite book |last=Dowson |first=John |author-link=John Dowson |url=https://archive.org/stream/aclassicaldicti00dowsgoog#page/n91/mode/1up/ |title=A Classical Dictionary of Hindu Mythology and Religion, Geography, History and Literature |publisher=Trübner & Co. |year=1879 |series=Trübner's Oriental Series VI |place=London |page=[https://archive.org/details/aclassicaldicti00dowsgoog/page/n90/mode/1up 65]}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |author=Pargiter |first=Frederick Eden |author-link=F. E. Pargiter |url=https://archive.org/stream/cu31924022991974#page/n73/mode/1up/ |title=The Markandeya Purana. Translated with Notes |publisher=The Asiatic Society |year=1904 |place=Calcutta |page=28}}</ref> In [[North India]]n and [[Pakistani]] culture, as well as in [[Hindu mythology]], the chukar (referred as Chakor) sometimes symbolizes intense, and often unrequited, love.<ref name="temple1884" /><ref name="jasb1881">{{cite journal| journal=Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal |volume=55 | year=1881 |title=Translation of the Songs of Harkh Na'Th| publisher=Asiatic Society of Bengal |page=121| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=crwIAAAAQAAJ | quote=When I beheld thy face mournful, lady, I wandered restlessly o'er the world, Thy face is like the moon, and my heart like the chakor }}</ref> It is said to be in love with the [[moon]] and gazes at it constantly.<ref name="balfour1871">{{Cite book |author=Balfour |first=Edward |author-link=Edward Balfour |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jmoIAAAAQAAJ |title=Cyclopædia of India and of eastern and southern Asia, commercial, industrial and scientific: products of the mineral, vegetable and animal kingdoms, useful arts and manufactures |publisher=Scottish & Adelphi Presses |year=1871 |quote=The birds are said by the natives to be enamoured of the moon and, at full moon, to eat fire}}</ref> Because of their pugnacious behaviour during the breeding season they are kept in some areas as fighting birds.<ref name=baker_gbi/><ref name=finn/>

==Gallery==
<gallery widths="200px" heights="175px">
File:Alectoris chukar MHNT.ZOO.2010.11.6.11.jpg|Eggs
File:Chukar chick-HVC parking lot HNP (9285063049).jpg|Juvenile
File:Datia State CoA.png|Chukar in Indian heraldry
File:Alectoris chukar (AM LB4107-2).jpg|Taxidermy
File:Chukar partridge near Haleakala summit Maui.jpg|Near [[Haleakala]] summit, [[Maui]]
</gallery>

==References==

{{Reflist|30em|refs=
<ref name=baker_gbi>{{cite journal|author=Stuart Baker EC|year=1922|url=https://archive.org/details/gamebirdsofindia01bake| title= The game birds of India, Burma and Ceylon, part 31|journal= Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society|volume=28|issue=2|pages=[https://archive.org/details/gamebirdsofindia01bake/page/306 306]–312}}</ref>

<ref name=Barilani>{{cite journal|doi=10.1016/j.biocon.2007.01.014|url=http://biodiversity-group.huji.ac.il/publication_files/Barliani_et_al_Biological_conservation_2007.pdf|title=Hybridisation with introduced chukars (''Alectoris chukar'') threatens the gene pool integrity of native rock (''A. graeca'') and red-legged (''A. rufa'') partridge populations|journal=Biological Conservation|volume=137|year=2007|pages=57–69|first=Marina|last=Barilani|author2=Ariane Bernard-Laurent|author3=Nadia Mucci|author4=Cristiano Tabarroni|author5=Salit Kark|author6=Jose Antonio Perez Garrido|author7=Ettore Randi|issue=1 |bibcode=2007BCons.137...57B |access-date=2010-07-20|archive-date=2011-07-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721133614/http://biodiversity-group.huji.ac.il/publication_files/Barliani_et_al_Biological_conservation_2007.pdf}}</ref>

<ref name=Bohl>{{cite journal|doi= 10.2307/3797253|title= Experiments in Locating Wild Chukar Partridges by Use of Recorded Calls|author=Bohl, Wayne H. |journal= The Journal of Wildlife Management| volume=20|issue=1| year=1956|pages=83–85|jstor=3797253|doi-access=free}}</ref>

<ref name=Bump>{{cite book|author=Bump G |year=1951|title= The chukor partridge (''Alectoris graeca'') in the Middle East with observations on its adaptability to conditions in the southwestern United States |series=Preliminary Species Account Number 1 |publisher= US Fish and Wildlife Service}}</ref>

<ref name=Degen>{{cite journal| title=Must desert Chukars (''Alectoris chukar sinaica'') drink water? Water influx and body mass changes in response to dietary water content|vauthors=Degen AA, Pinshow B, Shaw PJ |journal=The Auk|volume=101|issue=1|pages=47–52| url=http://sora.unm.edu/sites/default/files/journals/auk/v101n01/p0047-p0052.pdf|year=1984|doi=10.1093/auk/101.1.47 }}</ref>

<ref name=Duarte>{{cite journal|journal=Game and Wildlife Science| volume=21| issue=1|year= 2004 |pages= 55–61|title= Field inbreeding of released farm-reared Red-legged Partridges (''Alectoris rufa'') with wild ones|vauthors=Duarte J, Vargas JM|url=http://www.biogea-consultores.com/articulos/17.pdf}}</ref>

<ref name=Dubey>{{cite journal |title=Experimental toxoplasmosis in chukar partridges (''Alectoris graeca'') |vauthors=Dubey JP, Goodwin AM, Ruff MD, Shen SK, Kwok OC, Wizlkins GL, Thulliez P |doi=10.1080/03079459508419051|journal = Avian Pathology |pmid=18645768| volume=24| issue=1 |year=1995 |pages=95–107}}</ref>

<ref name=finn>{{cite book|author = Finn, Frank |year=1915 |title= Indian Sporting Birds|publisher= Francis Edwards, London|pages= 236–237|url= https://archive.org/stream/indiansportingbi00finn#page/236/mode/1up/}}</ref>

<ref name=hbk>{{cite book|vauthors=Ali S, Ripley SD|year=1980| title= Handbook of the birds of India and Pakistan. Volume 2|edition=2nd|publisher=Oxford University Press| pages=17–20|isbn=0-19-562063-1}}</ref>

<ref name=johnsgard>{{cite book|url=http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1033&context=bioscigrouse| author=Johnsgard PA|title= Grouse and Quails of North America|year=1973|pages=489–501|publisher=University of Nebraska, Lincoln}}</ref>

<ref name=Hume>{{cite book| url=https://archive.org/stream/nestseggsofindia03humerich#page/431/mode/1up/ |author=Hume AO |year=1890|title= The nests and eggs of Indian Birds. Volume 3 |edition=2nd|publisher=R H Porter, London| pages=431–433}}</ref>

<ref name=humegame>{{cite book|url=https://archive.org/stream/GameBirdsOfIndia2/HumeGameBirds2#page/n43/mode/1up/|pages=33–43|vauthors=Hume AO, Marshall CH|year=1880| title= The Game birds of India, Burmah and Ceylon|publisher= Self published}}</ref>

<ref name=Lateef>{{cite journal| journal=The Journal of Animal and Plant Sciences |volume=16|issue=1–2| year= 2006|title=Outbreak of respiratory syndrome in Chukar Partridge (''Alectoris chukar'')|vauthors=Lateef M, Rauf U, Sajid MA |url= http://thejaps.org.pk/docs/16_1-2_2006/Lateef-et-al-PaperII.pdf}}</ref>

<ref name=Ludlow>{{cite journal| author=Ludlow, Frank |year=1934 | title= Catching of Chikor [''Alectoris graeca chukar'' (Gray)] in Kashmir| journal=Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society | volume=37| issue=1| page=222|url=https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/48185498}}</ref>

<ref name=Oakleaf>{{cite journal| doi= 10.2307/3799623| title= Fall Food Items Utilized by Chukars in Kashmir, India|vauthors=Oakleaf RJ, Robertson JH| journal=The Journal of Wildlife Management |volume=35| issue= 2 |year=1971| pages=395–397| jstor=3799623}}</ref>

<ref name=oates>{{cite book|author=Oates EW |year=1898| title= A manual of the Game birds of India. Part 1|publisher= A J Combridge, Bombay|pages=179–183|url=https://archive.org/stream/manualofgamebird01oate#page/179/mode/2up}}</ref>

<ref name=Phelps>{{cite book|author=Phelps JE|year=1955|title=The adaptability of the Turkish Chukar partridge (''Alectoris graeca'' Meisner) in central Utah|publisher=Unpublished MS Thesis, Utah State Agricultural College, Logan, Utah, USA|url=http://www.cnr.usu.edu/quinney/index.cfm?collections&theses-dissertations&publication=12274|access-date=2010-07-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100802172453/http://www.cnr.usu.edu/quinney/index.cfm?collections&theses-dissertations&publication=12274|archive-date=2010-08-02}}</ref>

<ref name=Pettit>{{cite journal|journal=Journal of Wildlife Diseases|volume=12|year=1976|title=''Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae'' infection in Chukar Partridge (''Alectoris graeca'')|vauthors=Pettit JR, Gough AW, Truscott RB |pages=254–255|url=http://www.jwildlifedis.org/cgi/reprint/12/2/254.pdf|pmid=933318|issue=2|doi=10.7589/0090-3558-12.2.254|s2cid=45830799}}</ref>

<ref name=Stokes>{{cite journal|doi=10.2307/1365525|url=http://sora.unm.edu/sites/default/files/journals/condor/v063n02/p0111-p0127.pdf| title=Voice and Social Behavior of the Chukar Partridge |author=Stokes, Allen W|pages=111–127|year=1961|journal=The Condor|volume=63|issue=2|jstor=1365525}}</ref>

<ref name="temple1884">{{cite book| title=The legends of the Panjâb. Volume 2 | author=Temple, Richard Carnac | year=1884 | publisher=Education Society's Press, Bombay | url=https://archive.org/stream/cu31924070625847#page/n283|page= 257}}</ref>

<ref name=Walter>{{cite journal|author=Walter, Hanspeter|title=Natural history and ecology of the Chukar (''Alectoris chukar'') in the northern Great Basin|url=http://www.gbbo.org/gbbarticles/2002%20-%20Walter%20-%20Natural%20history%20and%20ecology%20of%20the%20Chukar%20%28Alectoris%20chukar%29%20in%20the%20northern%20Great%20Basin.pdf|journal=Great Basin Birds|volume=5|issue=1|year=2002|pages=28–37|access-date=2010-07-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110517183610/http://www.gbbo.org/gbbarticles/2002%20-%20Walter%20-%20Natural%20history%20and%20ecology%20of%20the%20Chukar%20%28Alectoris%20chukar%29%20in%20the%20northern%20Great%20Basin.pdf|archive-date=2011-05-17}}</ref>

<ref name=whistler>{{cite book|author=Whistler, Hugh|year=1949|title=Popular Handbook of Indian Birds. Edition 4|pages=428–430|publisher=Gurney and Jackson, London|url=https://archive.org/stream/popularhandbooko033226mbp#page/n478/mode/2up}}</ref>

<ref name=Williams>{{cite journal|doi= 10.2307/1365378|url=http://sora.unm.edu/node/105981|title= Factors Affecting the Incidence of Rally Calling in the Chukar Partridge|vauthors=Williams HW, Stokes AW|journal=The Condor|volume= 67|issue= 1|year= 1965|pages=31–43|jstor=1365378|url-access=subscription}}</ref>

<ref name=Woodard>{{cite web|title=Raising Chukar Partridges|publisher=Cooperative Extension Division of Agricultural Sciences, University of California. Leaflet 21321e|year=1982|author=Woodard AE|url=http://anrcatalog.ucdavis.edu/pdf/21321e.pdf|access-date=2010-07-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131020144613/http://anrcatalog.ucdavis.edu/pdf/21321e.pdf|archive-date=2013-10-20}}</ref>
}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Alectoris chukar|Chukar Partridge}}
{{Wikispecies|Alectoris chukar}}
* {{ITIS | id=175908 | taxon=''Alectoris chukar'' | access-date=24 February 2009 }}
* [https://www.mbr-pwrc.usgs.gov/id/framlst/i2882id.html Chukar – ''Alectoris chukar''] – USGS Patuxent Bird Identification InfoCenter
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20061220052615/http://www.enature.com/fieldguides/detail.asp?recnum=BD0163 eNature.com – Chukar]
* {{InternetBirdCollection|chukar-alectoris-chukar|Chukar}}
* {{VIREO|chukar|Chukar}}

{{National symbols of Pakistan}}
{{Taxonbar |from=Q194043}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Alectoris]]
[[Category:Birds described in 1830]]
[[Category:Birds of Azerbaijan]]
[[Category:Birds of Eurasia]]
[[Category:Birds of Georgia (country)]]
[[Category:Birds of West Asia]]
[[Category:Fauna of Iraq]]
[[Category:Game birds]]
[[Category:Taxa named by John Edward Gray]]

Sivasubramanian Srikantan

2026-02-12T02:46:50Z

Vivekparulekar: starting post

{{Orphan|date=February 2019}}
{{Use British English|date=July 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2015}}
{{Infobox scientist
| name = Dr. S. Srikantan
| image =
| image_size =
| caption = Dr. S. Srikantan
| birth_date = {{birth date|1933|9|6|df=y}}<ref name="indiatimes.com">{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/Dr-S-SRIKANTAN/tributeshow/53759951.cms|title=Pay Tribute to Dr. S.SRIKANTAN - Times of India|website=timesofindia.indiatimes.com}}</ref>
| birth_place = [[Kaveripattinam]], [[Tamilnadu]],
| death_date = {{death date and age|2006|8|19|1933|3|6|df=y}}<ref name="indiatimes.com"/>
| field = [[Electronics]], [[Computer]], [[Telecommunication]]
| work_institution = [[Electronics Corporation of India Limited]]
| alma_mater = {{ubl
|[[College of Engineering, Guindy]] [[Anna University, Chennai]]
|[[University of Pennsylvania]], [[Philadelphia, USA]]
|[[Moore School of Electrical Engineering]], [[Philadelphia, USA]]
}}
| known_for = TROMBAY Digital Computer (TDC-12)
| prizes = [[Vikram Sarabhai]] Research Award (1974)
| spouse = Nirmala Srikantan
| children = Rabindra Srikantan and Geetha Srikantan
}}

'''Dr. Sivasubramanian Srikantan'''<ref name="srikantan.com">{{cite web |url=http://srikantan.com/index.htm |title=Srikantan, Dr.Srikantan, Minicomputer and Microprocessors |website=srikantan.com |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110207114715/http://srikantan.com/index.htm |archive-date=2011-02-07}}</ref> (6 September 1933 - 19 August 2006)<ref name="indiatimes.com"/><ref>{{Cite journal | doi=10.1080/02564602.1985.11437767|title = 31st Annual General Meeting|journal = IETE Technical Review| volume=2| issue=6| pages=170–172|year = 1985}}</ref> was an Indian scientist, research lead, former Managing Director – Karnataka State Electronics Development Corporation Ltd (KEONICS), Chairman – Yokogawa Keonics Ltd, Director – Krone Communications Ltd, Managing Director – Andhra Pradesh Electronics Development Corporation Ltd (APEDC), Head, Computer Group – Electronics Corporation of India Ltd (ECIL), Group Leader – Babha Atomic Research Centre (BARC), and Chairman – ASM Technologies Ltd. (1992-2006)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.asmltd.com/late-dr-s-srikantan/|title=Late Dr. S. Srikantan - ASM Technologies Ltd}}</ref>

==Early life and education==
Dr. Sivasubramanian Srikantan <ref name="srikantan.com"/> was born in the village of [[Kaveripattinam (Dharmapuri)]], around 100 km away from Bangalore. Dr. Srikantan completed his schooling at the local government school in Kaveripattinam and did his Pre-University at [[St. Joseph's College, Bangalore]]. He then joined the [[College of Engineering, Guindy]] at [[Anna University]], Chennai, where he completed his Electrical Engineering in 1954. After successfully becoming an Electrical Engineer, Dr. S. Srikantan underwent training at the Atomic Energy Establishment training school in Mumbai which was headed by [[Homi J. Bhabha]]. With the support from Government of India and encouragement from Dr. Homi J Bhabha, he was later sent to the [[University of Pennsylvania]] in Philadelphia, USA where he completed his Master's in 1962 and Ph.D. in 1964 from the [[Moore School of Electrical Engineering]].<ref name="tandfonline.com">{{Cite journal | doi=10.1080/03772063.1978.11451723|title = Manufacture of Electronic Equipment—Some Aspects| journal=IETE Journal of Research| volume=24| issue=10–11| pages=467–471|year = 1978|last1 = Srikantan|first1 = S.}}</ref>

==Personal life==
Son of T.Sivasubramanyam, was married to Nirmala Srikantan. The couple had two children, son Rabindra Srikantan – a tech entrepreneur and daughter Geetha Srikantan – a technology expert. Rabindra has two sons Nikhil Rabindra and [[Akhil Rabindra]].

==Professional life==
Dr. Srikantan, returned to India after his Ph.D. and led a team of fresh graduate engineers and scientists to work on TDC-12 (Trombay Digital Computer – 12) ‘the first Indian-built electronic digital computer<ref>http://www.thehindu.com/books/Story-of-computer-technology-in India/article14680681.ece</ref><ref name="umn.edu">{{Cite web|url=http://www.cbi.umn.edu/hostedpublications/pdf/Rajaraman_HistComputingIndia.pdf|title=Home | CHARLES BABBAGE INSTITUTE | College of Science and Engineering}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.isro.gov.in/about-isro/dr-vikram-ambalal-sarabhai-1963-1971|title=Dr. Vikram Ambalal Sarabhai (1963-1971) - ISRO|website=www.isro.gov.in}}</ref> at Bhabha Atomic Research Centre on January 21, 1969<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.techtud.com/blog/indian-computer-history-6-historic-moments|title=The Indian Computer History: 6 Historic Moments - Techtud|website=www.techtud.com}}</ref><ref name="umn.edu"/>

Dr. Srikantan started the computer division of [[Electronics Corporation of India Limited]] (ECIL) and was responsible for introducing a range of digital computers, to name the most significant of them TDC-16 and TDC-332 He laid the foundation for ECIL, a commercial venture which started as a R&D activity at [[Bhabha Atomic Research Centre]] (BARC)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/todays-paper/tp-eworld/from-babbage-to-bhabha/article1685651.ece|title=From Babbage to Bhabha|date=10 April 2011 }}</ref>

==Distinguished positions==
*Tamilnadu Electricity Board (1954 -1955)
*Scientist, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (1961 -1969)
*Head Computer Group, Electronics Corporation of India Limited (1969-1981)
*Managing Director, Andhra Pradesh Electronics Development Corporation Ltd (1981-1983)
*Managing Director, Karnataka State Electronics Development Corporation Ltd (1983-1991)
*Director, Krone Communications Ltd
*Chairman, Yokogawa Keonics Ltd (1987-1992)
*Chairman, ASM Technologies Ltd (1992-2006)

==Award==
Dr. S.Srikantan has received the VIKRAM SHARABHAI RESEARCH AWARD endowed by Hari Om Ashram in the year 1974 in the field of Electronics and Telecommunications.<ref name="tandfonline.com"/>

==Dr. S Srikantan Memorial Award==
ASM Technologies Limited under its CSR <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.asmltd.com/corporate-social-responsibility/|title=Corporate social responsibility - ASM CSR activities}}</ref> initiative along with The Institution of Electronics & Telecommunication Engineers (IETE)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ieteblr.in/awards.htm|title=IETE|website=ieteblr.in}}</ref> Bangalore Centre has been organizing ‘Summer School in Electronics & Computers’ (SUSIEC) for 9th and 10th standard students during their summer vacations. The students compete in the science projects and are awarded Dr. S Srikantan Memorial Award for the best projects.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*http://www.srikantan.com/
*http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/Dr-S-SRIKANTAN/tributeshow/53759951.cms
*http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/02564602.1985.11437767?journalCode=titr20
*http://www.asmltd.com/late-dr-s-srikantan/
*http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03772063.1978.11451723
*http://www.thehindu.com/books/Story-of-computer-technology-in-India/article14680681.ece
*http://www.cbi.umn.edu/hostedpublications/pdf/Rajaraman_HistComputingIndia.pdf
*http://www.isro.gov.in/about-isro/dr-vikram-ambalal-sarabhai-1963-1971
*http://www.techtud.com/blog/indian-computer-history-6-historic-moments
*http://www.cbi.umn.edu/hostedpublications/pdf/Rajaraman_HistComputingIndia.pdf
*http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/todays-paper/tp-eworld/from-babbage-to-bhabha/article1685651.ece
*http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03772063.1978.11451723

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Srikantan}}
[[Category:1933 births]]
[[Category:2006 deaths]]
[[Category:College of Engineering, Guindy alumni]]
[[Category:Indian electrical engineers]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian scientists]]
[[Category:University of Pennsylvania alumni]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian scientists]]

Gurpreet Bedi

2026-02-07T19:32:36Z

Vivekparulekar: Started stub.

{{Short description|Indian actress}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2023}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Gurpreet Bedi
| image = 2N9A1870.jpg
| caption = Gurpreet Bedi at an event in 2023
| birth_date =
| birth_place = [[New Delhi]]
| occupation = {{hlist|Actress|[[Model (person)|model]]}}
| years_active = 2010–present
| spouse = {{marriage|[[Kapil Arya]]|2021}}
| awards = Himalayan Femina Miss Natural Beauty
}}

'''Gurpreet Bedi''' is an Indian actress and [[Model (person)|model]]. She was in the top 10 finalists in Pantaloons [[Femina Miss India]] 2010 and was crowned the Himalayan Femina Miss Natural Beauty.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Miss India finalists 2010 make their debut|url=https://getahead.rediff.com/slide-show/2010/mar/25/slide-show-1-glamour-miss-india-finalists-2010.htm|access-date=2021-09-13|website=Rediff|language=en}}</ref><ref name=":10">{{Cite web|title=Gurpreet Bedi Pantaloons Femina Miss India 2010 finalist|url=https://photogallery.indiatimes.com/yearendershow/5784952.cms|access-date=2021-09-08|website=photogallery.indiatimes.com}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Gurpreet Bedi|url=http://beautypageants.indiatimes.com/miss-india-2010/gurpreet-bedi/profile/5711733.cms|access-date=2021-09-08|website=Femina Miss India|archive-date=20 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210920230607/https://beautypageants.indiatimes.com/miss-india-2010/gurpreet-bedi/profile/5711733.cms|url-status=dead}}</ref> She is best known for her character Reeva in [[Sony Television]]'s ''[[Dil Hi Toh Hai]]''.

== Early life ==
Gurpreet was born in New Delhi. Shortly after finishing her graduation in graphic designing from [[University of Bedfordshire]], she returned to India.<ref name=":0" /> She is currently residing in Mumbai.{{Citation needed|date=September 2025|reason=[[WP:BLP]]}}

== Personal life ==
Gurpreet is married to fellow actor [[Kapil Arya]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=23 December 2021|first=Grace|last=Cyril|title=Dil Hi Toh Hai's Gurpreet Bedi marries beau Kapil Arya. See pics|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/celebrity/story/dil-hi-toh-hai-s-gurpreet-bedi-marries-beau-kapil-arya-see-pics-1891123-2021-12-23|access-date=2021-12-25|website=India Today|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-12-23|title=Gurpreet Bedi And Kapil Arya Weddinng: Dil Hi Toh Hai actress Gurpreet Bedi ties the knot with Kapil Arya; TV celebs dazzle at their destination wedding|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/dil-hi-toh-hai-actress-gurpreet-bedi-ties-the-knot-with-kapil-arya-tv-celebs-dazzle-at-their-destination-wedding/photostory/88450229.cms|access-date=2021-12-25|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref> She has an elder sister named Supreet Bedi, who is also an actress and tv presenter.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-11-27 |title=Gurpreet Bedi will be seen in show Pyar Ke Saat Vachan Dharampatnii, talks about his journey from Punjab to Mumbai |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/lifestyle/gurpreet-bedi-will-be-seen-in-show-pyar-ke-saat-vachan-dharampatnii-talks-about-his-journey-from-punjab-to-mumbai-455242 |access-date=2023-11-19 |website=The Tribune - Life {{!}} Lifestyle}}</ref>

== Career ==

=== Modelling career ===
Gurpreet started her modelling career by contesting in Pantaloons [[Femina Miss India]] and was one of the top 10 finalists.<ref name=":10" /><ref name=":11">{{Citation |title=Pantaloons Femina Miss India Contestant 2010 {{!}} Gurpreet Bedi |date=13 April 2010 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k4PCSMHUrjg |access-date=2021-09-08 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Gurpreet Bedi - Miss India Contestants - Miss India - Bombay Times|url=http://www.bombaytimes.com/miss-india-2010/gurpreet-bedi/profile/5711733.cms|access-date=2021-09-08|website=Bombaytimes|archive-date=8 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210908192618/https://www.bombaytimes.com/miss-india-2010/gurpreet-bedi/profile/5711733.cms|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Gurpreet Bedi during the Pantaloons Femina Miss India 2010 held at NCPA, Nariman point in Mumbai on April 20, 2010 - Photogallery|url=https://photogallery.indiatimes.com/beauty-pageants/miss-india/pfmi-10-starry-evening/gurpreet-bedi/articleshow/5880435.cms|access-date=2021-09-13|website=photogallery.indiatimes.com}}</ref><ref name=":12">{{Cite web |title=Pantaloons Femina Miss India: And the other winners are... 4 |url=https://www.sify.com/movies/pantaloons-femina-miss-india-and-the-other-winners-are-imagegallery-bollywood-kfdqUngjejjsi.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210908180359/https://www.sify.com/movies/pantaloons-femina-miss-india-and-the-other-winners-are-imagegallery-bollywood-kfdqUngjejjsi.html |archive-date=8 September 2021 |access-date=2021-09-08 |website=[[Sify]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Jinal Pandya - BeautyPageants|url=https://beautypageants.indiatimes.com/miss-india/Jinal-Pandya/eventshow/5763688.cms|access-date=2021-09-13|website=Femina Miss India}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=According to Gurpreet Bedi, skin fit jeans with super high heels is the sexiest single article of clothing a woman can wear - Photogallery|url=https://photogallery.indiatimes.com/beauty-pageants/miss-india/pfmi-10-finalist-gurpreet-bedi/articleshow/5835815.cms|access-date=2021-09-13|website=photogallery.indiatimes.com}}</ref> She continued to appear in various print and online advertisements, TV commercials for brands like Hyundai i20, Whisper, Sunsilk, Garnier, Loreal and many more. She has shot for various magazines like Grazia, Femina, Raymonds and many more. She also hosted the [[Hockey India League]].<ref>{{Citation|title=LIVE {{!}} Ranchi Rhinos Vs Delhi Waveriders {{!}} 23rd JanuaryJanuary {{!}} 8:00 PM IST {{!}} HIL 2013| date=23 January 2013 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2zq578Wb4rQ|language=en|access-date=2021-09-09}}</ref>

=== Film debut ===
In the year 2015, she made her acting debut in Life Ok's ''[[Laut Aao Trisha]]'' playing the character Suhana (VK's Boss).{{Citation needed|date=July 2023}} This was followed by her role in ''[[SuperCops vs Supervillains]]'' where she played multiple episodes in different characters such as Damyanti (Aghor's Mistress) / Rani Zaffara / SuperCop Hetonwita.{{Citation needed|date=July 2023}}
[[File:Gurpreet Bedi.jpg|thumb|Gurpreet Bedi in 2018]]
From 2018 onwards, she played the character of Reeva Noon in the web series ''[[Dil Hi Toh Hai]],'' produced by [[Ekta Kapoor]] and originally airing on [[Sony Entertainment Television]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-05-21|title=Balaji Telefilms' Next Show Titled Dil Hi Toh Hai To Debut Online On ALTBalaji|url=https://urbanasian.com/entertainment/2018/05/balaji-telefilms-next-show-titled-dil-hi-toh-hai-to-debut-online-on-altbalaji/|access-date=2021-09-08|website=Urban Asian|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=ALTBalaji's new daily show 'Dil Hi Toh Hai' streaming now on the app and website - Exchange4media|url=https://www.exchange4media.com/industry-briefing-news/altbalajis-new-daily-show-dil-hi-toh-hai-streaming-now-on-the-app-and-website%0A-%0A-90621.html|access-date=2021-09-11|website=Indian Advertising Media & Marketing News – exchange4media|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Balaji Telefilms has retained the intellectual property to Sony TV's Dil Hi Toh Hai with itself|url=https://www.mumbailive.com/en/entertainment/balaji-telefilms-show-dil-hi-toh-hai-starring-karan-kundra-to-air-on-sony-tv-and-then-on-altbalaji-23762|access-date=2021-09-13|website=Mumbai Live|date=21 May 2018 |language=en}}</ref>

In 2021, she played the character of Monisha in ''[[Bang Baang]]'' produced by [[Ekta Kapoor]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-03-01|title=Bang Baang Web Series Cast List Blog|url=https://blog.altbalaji.com/bang-baang-cast-revealed/|access-date=2021-09-15|website=ALTBalaji|language=en-US|archive-date=15 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210915051532/https://blog.altbalaji.com/bang-baang-cast-revealed/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=":13">{{Cite web|title=Welcome to ALTBalaji|url=https://www.altbalaji.com/show/bang-baang/340|access-date=2021-09-15|website=altbalaji|language=en}}</ref> This was followed by her role as Sana Shaikh in [[ZEE5]]'s ''[[Qubool Hai 2.0]]'' co-starring [[Karan Singh Grover]] & [[Surbhi Jyoti]].<ref name=":9">{{Cite web|date=2021-03-08|title=Qubool Hai 2.0: Meet The Cast Of This New Series Starring Karan Singh Grover, Surbhi Jyoti, Mandira Bedi - Zee5 News|url=https://www.zee5.com/zee5news/qubool-hai-2-0-meet-the-cast-of-this-new-series-starring-karan-singh-grover-surbhi-jyoti-mandira-bedi|access-date=2021-09-09|website=ZEE5|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-03-12|title=Qubool Hai 2.0 Review: With A Gripping Storyline, An #EternalLove And A Cross-Border Drama, This Reunion Of Asad And Zoya Is A Must-Watch! - Zee5 News|url=https://www.zee5.com/zee5news/qubool-hai-2-0-review-with-a-gripping-storyline-an-eternallove-and-a-cross-border-drama-this-reunion-of-asad-and-zoya-is-a-must-watch|access-date=2021-09-11|website=ZEE5|language=en}}</ref>

In 2022, She played Character of Maya in [[Kathmandu Connection|Kathmandu Connection 2]]. From 2022 to 2023, she played Keerti Sachdev in ''Pyar Ke Saat Vachan Dharampatnii''.{{citation needed|date=December 2023}}

=== Music video ===
She played the character Mitali in a musical web series project ''The Socho Project''.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Mrinal and Abhigyan Jha to launch The Socho Project - India's first musical web series - Exchange4media|url=https://www.exchange4media.com/digital-news/mrinal-and-abhigyan-jha-to-launch-the-socho-project-indias-first-musical-web-series-105857.html|access-date=2021-09-08|website=Indian Advertising Media & Marketing News – exchange4media|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Scroll Staff|title=In web series 'The Socho Project', budding musicians and 25 original songs|url=https://scroll.in/reel/966807/in-web-series-the-socho-project-budding-musicians-and-25-original-songs|access-date=2021-09-08|website=Scroll.in|date=2 August 2020 |language=en-US}}</ref>

== Filmography ==
=== Television ===
{| class="wikitable"
!Year
!Show
!Role
!Ref.
|-
| 2015
| ''[[Laut Aao Trisha]]''
| Advocate Suhana
| {{Citation needed|date=July 2023}}
|-
| 2015, 2016
| ''[[SuperCops vs Supervillains]]''
| Damyanti (Aghor's Mistress) / Rani Zaffara / SuperCop Hetonwita
| {{Citation needed|date=July 2023}}
|-
| 2017–2018
| ''[[Paramavatar Shri Krishna]]''
| Kesani
| {{Citation needed|date=July 2023}}
|-
| 2022–2023
| ''Pyar Ke Saat Vachan Dharampatnii''
| Keerti Sachdev
| <ref>{{cite news |title=Exclusive! Gurpreet Bedi joins the team of Dharam Patni, says, 'I have been waiting to play such a refreshing role on TV' - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/exclusive-gurpreet-bedi-joins-the-team-of-dharam-patni-says-i-have-been-waiting-to-play-such-a-refreshing-role-on-tv/articleshow/95222558.cms |access-date=2022-11-04 |website=The Times of India |date=November 2022 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Gurpreet Bedi, Akash Jagga get candid about their roles in 'Pyar Ke Saat Vachan Dharam Patnii' - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/gurpreet-bedi-akash-jagga-get-candid-about-their-roles-in-pyar-ke-saat-vachan-dharam-patnii/articleshow/95280947.cms |access-date=2022-11-04 |website=The Times of India |date=3 November 2022 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| 2024
| ''[[Shrimad Ramayan]]''
| [[Mandodari]]
|
|-
|}

=== Web series ===

{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Year
!Show
!Role
!References
|-
|2022
|''[[Raktanchal]]'' (Season 2)
|Fazila Khan
|
|-
|2022
|''Country Mafia''
|Usha
|{{Citation needed|date=July 2023}}
|-
|2022
|[[Kathmandu Connection|''Kathmandu Connection 2'']]
|Maya
|
|-
|2021
|''[[Qubool Hai 2.0]]''
|Sana
|<ref name=":9" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Keshri |first=Shweta |date=2021-03-12 |title=Qubool Hai 2.0 Review: Karan Singh Grover and Surbhi Jyoti reunite in alternate universe |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/entertainment/ott/story/qubool-hai-2-0-review-asad-and-zoya-in-alternate-universe-is-a-treat-for-asya-fans-1778380-2021-03-12 |access-date=2025-09-22 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|2021
|''[[Bang Baang]]''
|Monisha
|<ref name=":13" /><ref>{{Cite web|title=Watch Bang Baang Online, Mystery Show|url=https://www.digit.in/digit-binge/shows/bang-baang-225444.html|access-date=2021-09-15|website=www.digit.in|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-03-01|title=Mr. Faisu Debut in ALTBalaji's Bang Baang Web Series|url=https://blog.altbalaji.com/mr-faisu-in-bang-baang-web-series/|access-date=2021-09-15|website=ALTBalaji|language=en-US|archive-date=5 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230105142141/https://blog.altbalaji.com/mr-faisu-in-bang-baang-web-series/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
|2018–2020
|''[[Dil Hi Toh Hai]]''
|Reeva Noon
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dil Hi Toh Hai's Gurpreet Bedi marries beau Kapil Arya. See pics |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/celebrity/story/dil-hi-toh-hai-s-gurpreet-bedi-marries-beau-kapil-arya-see-pics-1891123-2021-12-23 |access-date=2023-10-15 |website=India Today |date=23 December 2021 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-12-22 |title=Dil Hi To Hai Actress Gurpreet Bedi Gets Married To Kapil Arya. See Wedding Photos |url=https://news.abplive.com/photo-gallery/entertainment/television-karan-kundrra-dil-hi-to-hai-co-star-gurpreet-bedi-gets-married-to-kapil-arya-in-anand-karaj-ceremony-see-wedding-pics-1501402 |access-date=2021-12-25 |website=news.abplive.com |language=en}}</ref>
|}

=== Music videos ===
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Year
!Name
!Role
!References
|-
|2020
|''The Socho Project''
|Mitali
|<ref>{{Cite web|last=Bhatia|first=Taru|date=2020-11-27|title=Exclusive! Socho Project: Ground Reality of 'Music Mafia', Gaslighting of Real Talent, Bold Musical Webseries That Highlights 'Struggles'|url=https://www.india.com/entertainment/exclusive-socho-project-ground-reality-of-music-mafia-gaslighting-of-real-talent-bold-musical-webseries-that-highlights-struggles-4228079/|access-date=2021-09-08|website=India News, Breaking News {{!}} India.com|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|title=Shameless Warrior {{!}} New Song {{!}} Sonya Heller & Vedica Jha| date=13 September 2020 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H7eoHXefWPo|language=en|access-date=2021-09-08}}</ref>
|}

== References ==
<references />

== External links ==
*{{IMDb name|nm5319483}}
*{{instagram|gurpreetbedi_22}}

__FORCETOC__

{{DEFAULTSORT:Gurpreet Bedi}}
[[Category:21st-century Indian actresses]]
[[Category:Indian television actresses]]
[[Category:Indian soap opera actresses]]
[[Category:Actresses in Hindi television]]
[[Category:Indian female models]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Living people]]

14th Himachal Pradesh Assembly

2026-02-04T06:09:27Z

Vivekparulekar:

{{Short description|Legislature of Himachal Pradesh, 2022–}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2024}}
{{Infobox legislature
| name = 14th Legislative Assembly
| native_name =
| legislature = [[Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]
| preceded_by =[[13th Himachal Pradesh Assembly|13th Legislative Assembly]]
| succeeded_by =
| coa_pic =
| coa_res =300px
| term_limits = 5 years
| house_type = Unicameral
| leader1_type = [[List of speakers of the Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly|Speaker]]
| leader1 = [[Kuldeep Singh Pathania]]
| party1 = [[Indian National Congress|INC]]
| election1 = [[2022 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|05 January 2023]]
| leader2_type = Deputy Speaker
| leader2 =
| party2 =
| election2 =
| leader3_type = Leader of the House ([[List of Chief Ministers of Himachal Pradesh|Chief Minister]])
| leader3 = [[Sukhvinder Singh Sukhu]]
| party3 = [[Indian National Congress|INC]]
| election3 = [[2022 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2022]]
| leader4_type = [[List of deputy chief ministers of Himachal Pradesh|Deputy Chief Minister]] (Deputy Leader of the House)
| leader4 = [[Mukesh Agnihotri]]
| party4 = [[Indian National Congress|INC]]
| election4 = [[2022 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2022]]
| members = '''[[List of constituencies of the Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly|68]]'''
| structure1 = 14th Himachal Pradesh Assembly.svg
| structure1_res = 300px
| political_groups1 =
'''[[Government of Himachal Pradesh|Government]] (40)'''
* {{Color box|#00BFFF}} [[Indian National Congress|INC]] (40)
'''Opposition (28)'''
* {{Color box|#FF9933}} [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]] (28)
| voting_system1 = [[First-past-the-post voting|First past the post]]
| last_election1 = [[2022 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|12 November 2022]]
| next_election1 = [[Next Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2027]]
| session_room =
| session_res =
| meeting_place = Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly, [[Dharamshala]], [[Himachal Pradesh]], [[India]]
| session_room2 =
| session_res2 =
| meeting_place2 = Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly, [[Shimla]], [[Himachal Pradesh]], [[India]]
| website = [https://hpvidhansabha.nic.in/ Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly]
|leader5_type=[[List of leaders of the opposition in the Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly|Leader of the Opposition]]|leader5=[[Jai Ram Thakur]]|party5=[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]|election5=[[2022 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|25 December 2022]]}}
<section end="Infobox" />
The '''14th Legislative Assembly of Himachal Pradesh'''<ref>{{cite web|url=https://prsindia.org/legislatures/state/vital-stats/profile-of-the-14th-himachal-pradesh-legislative-assembly|title=Vital Stats|website=PRS Legislative Research}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://ddnews.gov.in/national/filing-nominations-14th-legislative-assembly-elections-himachal-pradesh-end-today-tuesday |title=Filing nominations for 14th Legislative Assembly elections in Himachal Pradesh to end today on tuesday |publisher=DD News |date=2022-10-25 |accessdate=2022-12-09}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/shimla/himachal-pradesh-assembly-election-2022-live-updates-election-commission-bjp-congress-aap-november-14/liveblog/95495967.cms|title=Himachal Pradesh Election 2022 Live Updates: Election Commission prohibits exit polls for assembly polls in state|website=The Times of India|date=14 November 2022 }}</ref> is formed following the [[2022 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2022 Assembly election]] for all [[List of constituencies of the Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly|68 seats]] in the [[unicameral]] legislature. In December 2027, the 14th Assembly's term will come to an end.

In the 2022 elections, the Congress had gained a significant majority of 40 seats. In early 2024, the BJP won a Rajya Sabha election with the cross-voting of 6 Congress MLAs.<ref name="6 INC MLAs disqualified" /> These MLAs led a rebellion against Sukhu, were disqualified and joined the BJP. However, in the bypolls which followed, Congress won four seats and BJP won only two.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-06-05 |title=Double delight for Sukhvinder Singh: Govt saved, position fortified |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/shimla/double-delight-for-sukhvinder-singh-govt-saved-position-fortified/articleshow/110721396.cms |access-date=2024-06-09 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

== Notable positions ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Position
!Portrait
!Name
! colspan="2" |Party
!Constituency
!Office Taken
|-
| Speaker
|
|[[Kuldeep Singh Pathania]]
| rowspan="1" style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
| rowspan="1" |[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|[[Bhattiyat Assembly constituency|Bhattiyat]]
|5 January 2023
|-
|Deputy Speaker
| colspan="7" |''Vacant''
|-
|Leader of the House ([[List of chief ministers of Himachal Pradesh|Chief Minister]])
|[[File:Sukhvinder_Singh_Sukhu.jpg|frameless|134x134px]]
|[[Sukhvinder Singh Sukhu]]
| rowspan="2" style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
| rowspan="2" |[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|[[Nadaun Assembly constituency|Nadaun]]
| rowspan="2" |11 December 2022<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sukhvinder Singh Sukhu takes oath as 15th Chief Minister of Himachal Pradesh |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/shimla/sukhvinder-singh-sukhu-takes-oath-as-15th-chief-minister-of-himachal-pradesh/articleshow/96148254.cms |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221211100133/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/shimla/sukhvinder-singh-sukhu-takes-oath-as-15th-chief-minister-of-himachal-pradesh/articleshow/96148254.cms |url-status=dead |archive-date=2022-12-11 |access-date=2022-12-15 |website=The Times of India}}</ref>
|-
|Deputy Leader of the house (Deputy Chief Minister)
|[[File:Mukesh_Agnihotri_(cropped).jpg|frameless|110x110px]]
|[[Mukesh Agnihotri]]
|[[Haroli Assembly constituency|Haroli]]
|-
|Leader of the opposition & deputy
|[[File:JRThakur.jpg|frameless|133x133px]]
|[[Jai Ram Thakur]] & unknown
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
|[[Seraj Assembly constituency|Seraj]]
|25 December 2022
|-
|Chief Whip
|-
|Minister of Parliamentary affairs
|}

== Members of Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"

!District
!Constituency

!Name
! colspan="2" |Party
!Remarks
!Lok Sabha constituency
|-

|rowspan="5" |[[Chamba district|Chamba]]
<section begin="Chamba district" />

|[[Churah Assembly constituency|Churah]] (SC)
|[[Hans Raj (politician)|Hans Raj]]
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|
| rowspan="9" |[[Kangra Lok Sabha constituency|'''Kangra''']]
|-

|[[Bharmour Assembly constituency|Bharmour]] (ST)
|[[Janak Raj (politician)|Janak Raj]]
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|
|-

|[[Chamba Assembly constituency|Chamba]]
|[[Neeraj Nayar]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|
|-

|[[Dalhousie Assembly constituency|Dalhousie]]
|[[D S Thakur]]
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|
|-

|[[Bhattiyat Assembly constituency|Bhattiyat]]
|[[Kuldeep Singh Pathania]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|'''Speaker'''
|-

|rowspan="17"|[[Kangra district|Kangra]]

|[[Nurpur Assembly constituency|Nurpur]]
|[[Ranbir Singh Nikka|Ranveer Singh]]
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|
|-

|[[Indora Assembly constituency|Indora]] (SC)
|[[Malender Rajan]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|
|-

|[[Fatehpur, Himachal Pradesh Assembly constituency|Fatehpur]]
|[[Bhawani Singh Pathania]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|
|-

|[[Jawali Assembly constituency|Jawali]]
|[[Chander Kumar]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|'''Cabinet Minister'''
|-

| rowspan=2|[[Dehra Assembly constituency|Dehra]]
|[[Hoshyar Singh]]
|{{Party name with color|Independent politician}}
|Resigned on 22 March 2024<ref name="Times of India">{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/more-trouble-for-congress-in-himachal-pradesh-3-independent-mlas-resign-set-to-join-bjp/articleshow/108712215.cms|title=More trouble for Congress in Himachal Pradesh? 3 Independent MLAs resign, set to join BJP|work=Times of India|date=22 March 2024 |accessdate=22 March 2024}}</ref>
| rowspan="3" |'''[[Hamirpur, Himachal Pradesh Lok Sabha constituency|Hamirpur]]'''
|-
|[[Kamlesh Thakur]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
| Elected on 13 Jul 2024
|-

|[[Jaswan-Pragpur Assembly constituency|Jaswan-Pragpur]]
|[[Bikram Singh (politician)|Bikram Thakur]]
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|
|-

|[[Jawalamukhi Assembly constituency|Jawalamukhi]]
|[[Sanjay Rattan]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|
| rowspan="10" |'''[[Kangra Lok Sabha constituency|Kangra]]'''
|-

|[[Jaisinghpur Assembly constituency|Jaisinghpur]] (SC)
|[[Yadvinder Goma]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|
'''Cabinet Minister'''
|-

|[[Sullah Assembly constituency|Sullah]]
|[[Vipin Singh Parmar]]
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|
|-

|[[Nagrota, Himachal Pradesh Assembly constituency|Nagrota]]
|[[Raghubir Singh Bali]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|
|-

|[[Kangra Assembly constituency|Kangra]]
|[[Pawan Kumar Kajal]]
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|
|-

|[[Shahpur, Himachal Pradesh Assembly constituency|Shahpur]]
|[[Kewal Singh Pathania]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|
|-

|rowspan=2|[[Dharamshala Assembly constituency|Dharamshala]]
|[[Sudhir Sharma]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Disqualified on 28 February 2024<ref name="6 INC MLAs disqualified">{{Cite web |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/6-congress-mlas-who-cross-voted-in-favour-of-bjp-in-himachal-pradesh-rajya-sabha-polls-disqualified-5148484 |title=6 Himachal Congress MLAs, Who Cross-Voted In Rajya Sabha Polls, Disqualified|access-date=28 February 2024|website=NDTV|language=en}}</ref>
|-
|[[Sudhir Sharma]]
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| Elected on 4 Jun 2024 <ref name="Himachal Assembly bypolls 2024">{{Cite news |url=https://www.thehindu.com/elections/himachal-pradesh-assembly/himachal-assembly-bypoll-results-2024/article68250698.ece |title= Himachal Assembly bypoll results 2024: Congress wins 4 of 6 seats in Himachal Assembly bypolls, MLA strength reaches 38|agency=PTI|date=4 June 2024|access-date=14 August 2024|newspaper=The Hindu|language=en}}</ref>
|-

|[[Palampur Assembly constituency|Palampur]]
|[[Ashish Butail]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|
|-

|[[Baijnath Assembly constituency|Baijnath]] (SC)

|[[Kishori Lal (Baijnath politician)|Kishori Lal]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|
|-

|rowspan=2|[[Lahaul and Spiti district|Lahaul and Spiti]]

|rowspan=2|[[Lahaul and Spiti Assembly constituency|Lahaul and Spiti]] (ST)
|[[Ravi Thakur (politician)|Ravi Thakur]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Disqualified on 28 February 2024<ref name="6 INC MLAs disqualified"/>
| rowspan="12" |[[Mandi Lok Sabha constituency|'''Mandi''']]
|-
| [[Anuradha Rana]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
| Elected on 4 Jun 2024 <ref name="Himachal Assembly bypolls 2024" />
|-

|rowspan="4"|[[Kullu district|Kullu]]

|[[Manali Assembly constituency|Manali]]
|[[Bhuvneshwar Gaur]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|
|-

|[[Kullu Assembly constituency|Kullu]]
|[[Sunder Singh Thakur]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|
|-

|[[Banjar Assembly constituency|Banjar]]
|[[Surender Shourie]]
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|
|-

|[[Anni Assembly constituency|Anni]] (SC)
|[[Lokender Kumar|Lokendra Kumar]]
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|
|-

|rowspan="10" |[[Mandi district|Mandi]]

|[[Karsog Assembly constituency|Karsog]] (SC)
|[[Deep Raj (politician)|Deepraj Kapoor]]
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|
|-

|[[Sundernagar Assembly constituency|Sundernagar]]
|[[Rakesh Jamwal]]
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|
|-

|[[Nachan Assembly constituency|Nachan]] (SC)
|[[Vinod Kumar (politician)]]
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|
|-

|[[Seraj Assembly constituency|Seraj]]
|[[Jai Ram Thakur]]
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|'''Leader of Opposition'''
|-

|[[Darang Assembly constituency|Darang]]
|[[Puranchand Thakur]]
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|
|-

|[[Jogindernagar Assembly constituency|Jogindernagar]]
|[[Prakash Rana]]
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|
|-

|[[Dharampur, Himachal Pradesh Assembly constituency|Dharampur]]
|[[Chandershekhar (Himachal Pradesh politician)|Chandershekhar]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|
|'''[[Hamirpur, Himachal Pradesh Lok Sabha constituency|Hamirpur]]'''
|-

|[[Mandi Assembly constituency|Mandi]]
|[[Anil Sharma (Himachal Pradesh politician)|Anil Sharma]]
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|
| rowspan="3" |'''[[Mandi Lok Sabha constituency|Mandi]]'''
|-

|[[Balh Assembly constituency|Balh]] (SC)
|[[Inder Singh Gandhi]]
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|
|-

|[[Sarkaghat Assembly constituency|Sarkaghat]]
|[[Dalip Thakur]]
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|
|-

|rowspan="8"|[[Hamirpur district, Himachal Pradesh|Hamirpur]]

|[[Bhoranj Assembly constituency|Bhoranj]] (SC)
|[[Suresh Kumar (Himachal Pradesh politician)|Suresh Kumar]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|
| rowspan="19" |'''[[Hamirpur, Himachal Pradesh Lok Sabha constituency|Hamirpur]]'''
|-

|rowspan=2|[[Sujanpur (Himachal Pradesh Assembly constituency)|Sujanpur]]
|[[Rajinder Rana|Rajinder Singh Rana]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Disqualified on 28 February 2024<ref name="6 INC MLAs disqualified"/>
|-
|[[Ranjit Singh]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
| Elected on 4 Jun 2024 <ref name="Himachal Assembly bypolls 2024" />
|-

|rowspan=2|[[Hamirpur (Himachal Pradesh Assembly constituency)|Hamirpur]]
|[[Ashish Sharma (politician)|Ashish Sharma]]
|{{Party name with color|Independent politician}}
|Resigned on 22 March 2024<ref name="Times of India"/>
|-
|[[Ashish Sharma (politician)|Ashish Sharma]]
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Elected on 13 July 2024
|-

|rowspan=2|[[Barsar Assembly constituency|Barsar]]
|[[Inder Dutt Lakhanpal]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Disqualified on 28 February 2024<ref name="6 INC MLAs disqualified"/>
|-
|[[Inder Dutt Lakhanpal]]
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| Elected on 4 Jun 2024 <ref name="Himachal Assembly bypolls 2024" />
|-

|[[Nadaun Assembly constituency|Nadaun]]
|[[Sukhvinder Singh Sukhu]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|'''Chief Minister'''
|-

|rowspan="7"|[[Una district|Una]]

|[[Chintpurni Assembly constituency|Chintpurni]] (SC)
|[[Sudarshan Singh Babloo]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|
|-

|rowspan=2|[[Gagret Assembly constituency|Gagret]]
|[[Chaitanya Sharma]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Neurosurgeon, U’khand ex-CS son among five first-time winners |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/chandigarh-news/neurosurgeon-u-khand-ex-cs-son-among-five-first-time-winners-101670530060667-amp.html |website=Hindustan Times |language=en |date=9 December 2022}}</ref>
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Disqualified on 28 February 2024<ref name="6 INC MLAs disqualified"/>
|-
|[[Rakesh Kalia]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
| Elected on 4 Jun 2024 <ref name="Himachal Assembly bypolls 2024" />
|-

|[[Haroli Assembly constituency|Haroli]]
|[[Mukesh Agnihotri]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|'''Deputy Chief Minister'''
|-

|[[Una (Himachal Pradesh Assembly constituency)|Una]]
|[[Satpal Singh Satti]]
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|
|-

|rowspan=2|[[Kutlehar Assembly constituency|Kutlehar]]
|[[Devender Kumar Bhutto]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Disqualified on 28 February 2024<ref name="6 INC MLAs disqualified"/>
|-
|[[Vivek Sharma]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
| Elected on 4 Jun 2024 <ref name="Himachal Assembly bypolls 2024" />
|-

|rowspan="4" |[[Bilaspur district, Himachal Pradesh|Bilaspur]]

|[[Jhanduta Assembly constituency|Jhanduta]] (SC)
|[[Jeet Ram Katwal]]
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|
|-

|[[Ghumarwin Assembly constituency|Ghumarwin]]
|[[Rajesh Dharmani]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|'''Cabinet Minister'''
|-

|[[Bilaspur (Himachal Pradesh Assembly constituency)|Bilaspur]]
|[[Trilok Jamwal]]
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|
|-

|[[Sri Naina Deviji Assembly constituency|Sri Naina Deviji]]
|[[Randhir Sharma]]
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|
|-

|rowspan="6"|[[Solan district|Solan]]

|[[Arki Assembly constituency|Arki]]
|[[Sanjay Awasthy]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|
| rowspan="20" |'''[[Shimla Lok Sabha constituency|Shimla]]'''
|-

|rowspan=2|[[Nalagarh Assembly constituency|Nalagarh]]
|[[Krishan Lal Thakur|K.L. Thakur]]
|{{Party name with color|Independent politician}}
||Resigned on 22 March 2024<ref name="Times of India"/>
|-
|[[Hardeep Singh Bawa]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Elected on 13 July 2024
|-

|[[Doon Assembly constituency|Doon]]
|[[Ram Kumar Chaudhary]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|
|-

|[[Solan Assembly constituency|Solan]] (SC)
|[[Dhani Ram Shandil]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|'''Cabinet Minister'''
|-

|[[Kasauli Assembly constituency|Kasauli]] (SC)
|[[Vinod Sultanpuri]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|
|-

|rowspan="5"|[[Sirmaur district|Sirmaur]]
|[[Pachhad Assembly constituency|Pachhad]] (SC)
|[[Reena Kashyap]]
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|
|-

|[[Nahan Assembly constituency|Nahan]]
|[[Ajay Solanki]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|
|-

|[[Sri Renukaji Assembly constituency|Sri Renukaji]] (SC)
|[[Vinay Kumar (politician)|Vinay Kumar]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|'''Ex Deputy Speaker'''
|-

|[[Paonta Sahib Assembly constituency|Paonta Sahib]]
|[[Sukh Ram Chaudhary]]
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|
|-

|[[Shillai Assembly constituency|Shillai]]
|[[Harshwardhan Chauhan]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|'''Cabinet Minister'''
|-

|rowspan="8" |[[Shimla district|Shimla]]

|[[Chopal Assembly constituency|Chopal]]
|[[Balbir Singh Verma]]
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|
|-

|[[Theog Assembly constituency|Theog]]
|[[Kuldeep Singh Rathore]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|
|-

|[[Kasumpti Assembly constituency|Kasumpti]]
|[[Anirudh Singh (Himachal Pradesh politician)|Anirudh Singh]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|'''Cabinet Minister'''
|-

|[[Shimla Assembly constituency|Shimla]]
|[[Harish Janartha]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|
|-

|[[Shimla Rural Assembly constituency|Shimla Rural]]
|[[Vikramaditya Singh (Himachal Pradesh politician)|Vikramaditya Singh]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|'''Cabinet minister'''
|-

|[[Jubbal-Kotkhai Assembly constituency|Jubbal-Kotkhai]]
|[[Rohit Thakur (politician)|Rohit Thakur]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|'''Cabinet minister'''
|-

|[[Rampur (Himachal Pradesh Assembly constituency)|Rampur]] (SC)
|[[Nand Lal (Himachal Pradesh politician)|Nand Lal]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|
|-

|[[Rohru Assembly constituency|Rohru]] (SC)
|[[Mohan Lal Brakta]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|
|-

|[[Kinnaur district|Kinnaur]]

|[[Kinnaur Assembly constituency|Kinnaur]] (ST)
|[[Jagat Singh Negi]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|'''Cabinet Minister'''
|}

==Lok Sabha constituency-wise composition==
{| class="wikitable"
! Lok Sabha Constituency
! Number of Cabinet Ministers, Speaker and Deputy Speaker
! Name of Ministers, Speaker and Deputy Speaker
! Name of Constituencies (Respectively)
|-
| Kangra Lok Sabha Constituency
| 3
| Kuldeep Singh Pathania ('''Speaker'''), Chander Kumar, Yadvinder Goma
| Bhattiyat, Jawali, Jaisinghpur (SC)
|-
| Mandi Lok Sabha Constituency
| 0
| -
| -
|-
| Hamirpur Lok Sabha Constituency
| 3
| Sukhvinder Singh Sukhu ('''Chief Minister'''), Mukesh Agnihotri ('''Deputy Chief Minister'''), Rajesh Dharmani
| Nadaun, Haroli, Ghumarwin
|-
| Shimla Lok Sabha Constituency
| 6
| Dhani Ram Shandil, Harshwardhan Chauhan, Anirudh Singh, Vikramaditya Singh, Rohit Thakur, Jagat Singh Negi
| Solan (SC), Shillai, Kasumpti, Shimla Rural, Jubbal-Kotkhai, Kinnaur (ST)
|}

== References ==
{{reflist}}
{{Current Indian assemblies}}

[[Category:Lists of current Indian state and territorial assemblies|Himachal Pradesh]]
[[Category:Terms of the Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]
[[Category:Himachal Pradesh MLAs 2022–2027| ]]

Mohori Bibee v Dharmodas Ghose

2026-01-31T20:12:17Z

Vivekparulekar: Put up the stub v1...

{{Short description|1902 Indian contract law case}}
{{Infobox court case
|name = Mohori Bibee v Dharmodas Ghose
|court = [[Judicial Committee of the Privy Council]]
|image =
|imagesize = 120
|imagelink =
|imagealt =
|caption =
|full name = Mohori Bibee and another v Dharmodas Ghose
|date decided = 4 March 1902
|citations = [https://www.bailii.org/uk/cases/UKPC/1903/1903_12.html [1903<nowiki>]</nowiki> UKPC 12], (1903) LR 30 IA 114
|transcripts =
|judges = [[Edward Macnaghten, Baron Macnaghten|Lord Macnaghten]] [[Horace Davey, Baron Davey|Lord Davey]] [[Nathaniel Lindley, Baron Lindley|Lord Lindley]] [[Ford North|Sir Ford North]] [[Andrew Scoble|Sir Andrew Scoble]] [[Arthur Wilson (judge)|Sir Arthur Wilson]]
|number of judges = 6
|decision by = [[Ford North|Sir Ford North]]
|prior actions =
|appealed from = [[Calcutta High Court|High Court of Judicature at Fort William]]
|opinions =
|keywords = Contract law, minority, mortgage
|italic title = Yes
}}

'''''Mohori Bibee v Dharmodas Ghose''''', [1903] UKPC 12, is a major [[India]]n [[Indian Contract Act, 1872|contract law]] case decided by the [[Judicial Committee of the Privy Council]]. The case held that a contract entered into by a [[Minor (law)|minor]] is totally void.<ref name=advice>{{cite court |litigants=Mohori Bibee v Dharmodas Ghose |vol=[1903] |reporter=UKPC |opinion=12 |court=[[Judicial Committee of the Privy Council]] |date=4 March 1903 |url=https://www.bailii.org/uk/cases/UKPC/1903/1903_12.html |access-date=27 June 2022 |quote= |postscript= }}</ref>

==Facts==
Dharmodas Ghose, a minor, [[Mortgage loan|mortgaged]] his property in favour of a moneylender, Brahmo Dutt, against the loan of Rs 20,000. Dutt's attorney, acting on behalf of him, was aware of Ghose's minority.{as throughout the transaction brahmo dutt was absent from calcutta}. Ghose, through his mother and guardian, sued Dutt claiming that the mortgage was void due to his minority. The Court of First Instance held in Ghose's favour, and on appeal, the [[Calcutta High Court|High Court of Judicature at Fort William]] upheld that decision. Before the appeal to the Privy Council, Dutt died and the proceeding was continued by his heirs.<ref name=advice></ref>

==Privy Council==
Section 11 of the [[Indian Contract Act, 1872|Contract Act, 1872]] provides that for a person to have contracting capacity, they had to be of the age of majority, of sound mind, and not otherwise disqualified from contracting by law. However, this does not provide whether a minor's contract is [[Void contract|void]] or [[Voidable contract|voidable]] at the minor's option.<ref name=advice></ref>

Confirming the original and appellate decisions, the Privy Council held that Ghose's contract was "''absolutely void''" from the beginning. At the same time, Ghose could not be compelled to return the loan money received under mortgage as he was not bound by the promise made at the time of contracting.<ref name=advice></ref>

==Significance==
The decision is good precedent in Indian contract law, and was re-affirmed by the [[Supreme Court of India|Supreme Court]] in its 2014 decision in ''Mathai Mathai v Joseph Mary''.<ref>{{cite court |litigants=Mathai Mathai v Joseph Mary |vol=2014 |reporter=INSC |opinion=376 |court=[[Supreme Court of India]] |date=25 April 2014 |url=http://www.liiofindia.org/in/cases/cen/INSC/2014/376.html |access-date=27 June 2022 |quote= |postscript= }}</ref>

The holding that a minor's contract is "''absolutely void''" could lead to results which were against the minor's interests. Thus, [[High Courts of India|High Courts]] interpreted the decision to allow [[Specific performance|enforcement]] of contracts made for their benefit and made by their [[Legal guardian|guardians]], within their competence as their guardians.<ref name=SKS>{{cite court |litigants=Sri Kakulam Subrahmanyam v Kurra Subba Rao |vol=1948 |reporter=UKPC |opinion=16 |court=[[Judicial Committee of the Privy Council]] |date=26 February 1948 |url=https://www.bailii.org/uk/cases/UKPC/1948/1948_16.html |access-date=28 June 2022 |quote= |postscript= }}</ref> The Privy Council itself upheld this interpretation in 1948.<ref name=SKS></ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Judicial Committee of the Privy Council cases]]
[[Category:1903 in India]]
[[Category:1903 in case law]]

Sughra Humayun Mirza

2026-01-17T20:14:59Z

Vivekparulekar: starting page...

{{short description|Indian social reformer and writer}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2025}}
'''Sughra Humayun Mirza''' (1884 – 1958), also known as '''Begum Sughra''', was a social reformer, Urdu writer and traveller from Hyderabad, India.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Akhtar |first=Nazia |date=2024-07-03 |title=Between Sādhū and Darwesh: Storytelling and Social Reform in Suġhrā Humāyūñ Mirzā's Mohinī |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/00856401.2024.2359782 |journal=South Asia: Journal of South Asian Studies |volume=47 |issue=4 |doi=10.1080/00856401.2024.2359782 |issn=0085-6401|url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last1=Tharu |first1=Susie J. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=u297RJP9gvwC |title=Women Writing in India: 600 B.C. to the early twentieth century |last2=Lalita |first2=Ke |date=1991 |publisher=Feminist Press at CUNY |isbn=978-1-55861-027-9 |pages=378–379 |language=en |chapter=Sughra Humayun Mirza}}</ref> She is known as one of the founding figures of women's writing in Urdu and believed to be Hyderabad's first female novelist, having written 14 major novels.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Akhtar |first=Nazia |date=2023-01-17 |title=The 150-year-old Indian Women's Literary Tradition You Didn't Know About |url=https://thethirdeyeportal.in/praxis/the-150-year-old-indian-womens-literary-tradition-you-didnt-know-about/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230127090447/https://thethirdeyeportal.in/praxis/the-150-year-old-indian-womens-literary-tradition-you-didnt-know-about/ |archive-date=2023-01-27 |access-date=2025-01-17 |website=The Third Eye |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite web |last=Haridas |first=Keerthana |date=2023-06-26 |title=Begum Sughra Humayun Mirza: Renowned Urdu Novelist And A Social Reformer |url=https://feminisminindia.com/2023/06/26/begum-sughra-humayun-mirza-renowned-urdu-novelist-and-a-social-reformer-indianwomeninhistory/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240723083740/https://feminisminindia.com/2023/06/26/begum-sughra-humayun-mirza-renowned-urdu-novelist-and-a-social-reformer-indianwomeninhistory/ |archive-date=2024-07-23 |access-date=2025-01-17 |website=Feminism in India |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref name=":8">{{Cite book |last=Jung |first=Begum Sarbuland |url= |title=A Journey to Mecca and London: The Travels of an Indian Muslim Woman, 1909–1910 |last2=Majchrowicz |first2=Daniel |date=2025 |publisher=Indiana University Press |isbn=978-0-253-07169-9 |chapter=Introduction |chapter-url=https://publish.iupress.indiana.edu/read/a-journey-to-mecca-and-london-the-travels-of-an-indian-muslim-woman-1909-1910/section/cde60cc6-8f78-4d75-b333-2037fa14c125}}</ref>

== Early life and education ==
Mirza was born in December 1884 in the erstwhile [[Hyderabad State|princely state of Hyderabad]], India. She came from an educated, migrant, [[Shia Muslim]] family who had settled in Hyderabad and served the state.<ref name=":0" /> Her father, Safdar Ali Mirza, served as a surgeon in the Nizam's Army. Her mother, Maria Begum, was a scholar of [[Arabic]] and [[Persian language|Persian]] languages.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":4">{{Cite book |last1=Lambert-Hurley |first1=Siobhan |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JeN1EAAAQBAJ |title=Three Centuries of Travel Writing by Muslim Women |last2=Majchrowicz |first2=Daniel |last3=Sharma |first3=Sunil |date=2022-08-02 |publisher=Indiana University Press |isbn=978-0-253-06206-2 |pages=451–460 |language=en |chapter=Sughra Humayun Mirza: Meeting the Caliph in Switzerland}}</ref> Her grandfather was from [[Turkey]], and her maternal family was from Iran.<ref name=":4" />

Sughra was homeschooled in [[Urdu]] and Persian. At the age of 16, she married Humayun Mirza, a prosperous barrister from [[Patna]], who moved to Hyderabad.<ref name=":5">{{Cite journal |last=Minault |first=Gail |date=1998-09-01 |title=Women's Magazines in Urdu as Sources for Muslim Social History |url=https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/097152159800500203 |journal=Indian Journal of Gender Studies |language=en |volume=5 |issue=2 |pages=201–214 |doi=10.1177/097152159800500203 |issn=0971-5215|url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref name=":4" />

==Career==
=== Literary work ===
Mirza was a prominent Urdu language writer of her time and wrote [[Travel literature|travel accounts]], novels, short stories, poetry, and essays. Her writings reflected her views on social reform and, particularly, advocating for women's rights.

She is considered to be the first woman novelist in Urdu from Hyderabad. She authored major 14 novels,<ref name=":6">{{Cite journal |last=Pernau |first=Margrit |date=2002 |title=Female Voices: Women Writers in Hyderabad at the Beginning of the Twentieth Century |url=https://minds.wisconsin.edu/handle/1793/18420 |url-status=live |journal=The Annual of Urdu Studies |language=en-US |publisher=Center for South Asia, University of Wisconsin–Madison |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240329234605/https://minds.wisconsin.edu/bitstream/handle/1793/18420/08_Pernau.pdf |archive-date=2024-03-29}}</ref> including Mohini (1929), Zohra (1911), Bibi Turi ka Khwab (Turi's Dream), Awaz-e-Ghaib (Voice from the Unknown), Sarguzisht-e-Hajira (1926) and Safina-e-Najat (The Barge of Liberation).<ref name=":6" /><ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Urdu Books of Sughra Humaun Mirza |url=https://www.rekhta.org/authors/sughra-humaun-mirza/ebooks |access-date=2025-01-19 |website=Rekhta |language=en}}</ref> She wrote poetry under the pen name 'Haya'.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" />

She contributed to several women's magazines and served as editor Al-Nisa (The Woman), and Zaib-un-Nisa (Women's Adornment). Al-Nisa was published between 1919 and 1927 and focused on social issues like cleanliness, health, nursing, and critiques of outdated customs. It became a platform for women writers and had an audience beyond Hyderabad, including in cities such as Aligarh, Delhi, Lahore and Lucknow.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Rani |first=E. Sudha |date=2015 |title=Women's Education in Hyderabad State – Public and Private Institutions |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/44156617 |journal=Proceedings of the Indian History Congress |volume=76 |pages=521–531 |jstor=44156617 |issn=2249-1937}}</ref>

In 1934, she started another magazine called Zaib-un-Nisa after moving to Lahore which ran through the 1930s and 1940s.<ref name=":6" /> Unlike in Hyderabad, where she "had to do all the work of editing herself", Mirza had access to better publishing facilities and editorial support in [[Lahore]]. The magazine had greater political content as compared to Al-Nisa and documented significant events such as meetings of the All India Women's Conference and the Women's Muslim League.<ref name=":5" />

Mirza authored five book length travelogues,<ref name=":8" /> three of which documented her travels within India during 1914 and 1918, and two documented her journeys abroad to [[Iraq]] in 1915 and through Europe in 1924. Her domestic accounts emphasized more on reformist activities and social engagement, while her international narratives offered more observations on the countries she visited, while also discussing social issues. In her travelogue about her journey through England, France, Germany and Switzerland titled 'Safarnamah-i Yurap', she wrote about meeting [[Abdülmecid II|Abdulmejid II]], the last Ottoman caliph, during his exile on the shores of Lake Geneva. By her own account, she was the first Indian woman to meet with the Ottoman leader and his wife during their exile.<ref name=":4" />

=== Reform ===
Mirza's reform work focused on women's empowerment through education and challenging societal norms that restricted their participation in public life. She opposed the oppression of women and the imposition of purdah, supporting measures such as the rehabilitation of women in abusive marriages, their right to divorce, and widow remarriage.<ref name=":4" /><ref name=":3" /> She highlighted the strictness of [[Purdah|pardah]] practice in India and, in her later years, and began addressing public gatherings without a veil.<ref name=":0" />

In 1913, she became the secretary of the Anjuman-e-Khawatin-e-Islam (Association for Muslim Women), contributing to the organization's efforts toward improving the status of Muslim women. In 1919, she established the Anjuman-e-Khawateen-e-Dakkan (Deccan Ladies' Association). These organizations became platforms for discussing issues related to girls' education, teaching trades and crafts, fundraising for educational initiatives, and arranging sports activities for women.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" />

In 1934, she founded the Madrasa-e-Safdaria, an Urdu-medium girls school for Muslim girls named after her father. She dedicated a portion of her own property to the institution.<ref name=":1" /> It continues to operate under the name 'Safdariya Girls High School'.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2024-09-03 |title=Safdariya Girls School celebrates 90th anniversary |url=https://www.siasat.com/safdariya-girls-school-celebrates-90th-anniversary-3089775/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241008015003/https://www.siasat.com/safdariya-girls-school-celebrates-90th-anniversary-3089775/ |archive-date=2024-10-08 |access-date=2025-01-19 |website=[[The Siasat Daily]] |language=en}}</ref>

Beyond her work in education and social reform, she contributed to nationalist efforts by promoting communal harmony through her writings and advocating for the use of [[Swadeshi movement|swadeshi]] goods.<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":2" /> She was also involved with the Hindu Women's Association as its only non-Hindu member.<ref name=":7">{{Cite news |last=Shahid |first=Sajjad |date=2014-03-16 |title=Strange turns in the fight for equality |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/strange-turns-in-the-fight-for-equality/articleshow/32098786.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140316191439/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/strange-turns-in-the-fight-for-equality/articleshow/32098786.cms |archive-date=2014-03-16 |access-date=2025-01-19 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref name=":2" />

== Death ==
Mirza died in 1958. She is buried along with her husband in a tomb next to Safdariya Girls High School which she had established.<ref name=":7" />

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Mirza, Sughra Humayun}}
[[Category:1884 births]]
[[Category:1958 deaths]]
[[Category:Women from Hyderabad State]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian women writers]]
[[Category:Urdu-language women writers]]
[[Category:Indian women's rights activists]]
[[Category:Indian travel writers]]
[[Category:Urdu-language Indian poets]]
[[Category:Indian people of Turkish descent]]
[[Category:Indian Shia Muslims]]
[[Category:Indian feminist writers]]

Indo-Western clothing

2025-12-29T17:38:33Z

Vivekparulekar: New a pg!

{{Short description|Fusion of Western and South Asian fashion}}
'''Indo-Western''' clothing is the fusion of [[western culture|Western]] and [[South Asian]] [[fashion]].<ref>''Comparative Study of Historical Women clothing In North of India and North of Iran'' [https://www.academia.edu/5193148/Comparative_Study_of_Historical_Women_clothing_In_North_of_India_and_North_of_Iran Literature Review] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170131173510/http://www.academia.edu/5193148/Comparative_Study_of_Historical_Women_clothing_In_North_of_India_and_North_of_Iran |date=2017-01-31 }}</ref>

==History==

Until as late as 1961, the beach city of [[India]] known as [[Goa]] was still under Portuguese control.<ref>{{cite news |title=The day India freed Goa from Portuguese rule |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-42390008#:~:text=Goa%20on%20India's%20western%20coast,to%20independence%20from%20British%20rule. |access-date=11 November 2021 |work=BBC News |date=19 December 2017}}</ref> In fact, the Portuguese did not even formally recognize Indian sovereignty over the city until 1975.<ref>{{cite news |title=Treaty on Recognition of India's Sovereignty over Goa, Daman and Diu, Dadar and Nagar Haveli Amendment, 14 Mar 1975 |url=https://mea.gov.in/bilateral-documents.htm?dtl/5964/Treaty+on+Recognition+of+Indias+Sovereignty+over+Goa+Daman+and+Diu+Dadar+and+Nagar+Haveli+Amendment+14+Mar+1975 |access-date=11 November 2021 |work=mea.gov.in |agency=Ministry of External Affairs - Government of India |date=March 14, 1974}}</ref> Throughout the years India was home to many [[Colonial India|European colonies]], but the two most influential have been the [[Portuguese India|Portuguese]] and the [[British Raj|British]]. The event that began the colonization process of India was when famed Portuguese explorer [[Vasco da Gama]] discovered a trade route into [[Kerala]] linking Europe and India.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Campbell |first1=Eila |title=Vasco da Gama {{!}} Biography, Achievements, Route, Map, Significance, & Facts {{!}} Britannica |journal=www.britannica.com |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Vasco-da-Gama |access-date=11 November 2021 |language=en}}</ref> The Portuguese created a lengthy relationship with India that was predicated on the [[spice trade]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Winds of change: how the discovery of trade winds powered Europe's empires |url=https://www.historyextra.com/period/stuart/trade-winds-history-discovery-gulf-stream-age-exploration-empire/ |work=HistoryExtra |publisher=BBC History Magazine |language=en}}</ref>

Due to the Portuguese occupation of Goa, the Goan culture and people were heavily influenced by the Portuguese culture. In 1510 Goa experienced the [[Portuguese conquest of Goa]], which resulted in a heavy Christianization of the region.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Cartwright |first1=Mark |title=Portuguese Goa |url=https://www.worldhistory.org/Portuguese_Goa/ |work=World History Encyclopedia |publisher=World History Encyclopedia |date=June 11, 2021 |language=en}}</ref> Events like this helped shape the culture of contemporary Goa.

Then from 1782 to 1800, the people of Goa underwent the [[Goa Inquisition|Goa inquisition]].<ref name="news18.com">{{cite news |last1=Nalwa |first1=Vinay |title=Opinion: How Portuguese Pummelled Goa with Sword and Cross |url=https://www.news18.com/news/opinion/opinion-how-portuguese-pummelled-goa-with-sword-and-cross-4073357.html |access-date=12 November 2021 |work=News18 |publisher=news18.com |date=11 August 2021 |language=en}}</ref> During this time people could be heavily persecuted if caught performing non-Christian worship, rituals, or clothing.<ref name="news18.com"/> Goa continued to receive strong Portuguese influence until their decline in the region during the 1800s. Although Goa is now a sovereign state of India, it still retains its Portuguese history and culture. In 2012, Goan designer [[Wendell Rodricks]] stated that “Indo-western clothing originated in Goa.”<ref>{{cite news |title=Goa was birthplace of Indo-Western garments: Wendell Rodricks |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/content/222426/goa-birthplace-indo-western-garments.html |access-date=11 November 2021 |work=Deccan Herald |publisher=Deccan Herald |date=27 January 2012 |language=en}}</ref>

On December 31, 1600, [[Elizabeth I|Queen Elizabeth I]] formally allowed trade in the East Indies to The Company of Merchants of London Trading into the East Indies.<ref>{{cite news |title=Charter granted to the East India Company |url=https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/charter-granted-to-the-east-india-company |access-date=11 November 2021 |work=HISTORY |publisher=HISTORY |date=July 21, 2010 |language=en}}</ref> This was a strategic move to compete in the [[Dutch East India Company|Dutch]]-controlled spice trade. In August 1858, the British crown formally gained control of India.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Wolpert |first1=Stanley |title=British raj {{!}} Imperialism, Impact, History, & Facts {{!}} Britannica |journal=www.britannica.com |url=https://www.britannica.com/event/British-raj#:~:text=Government%20of%20India%20Act%20of%201858,-Much%20of%20the&text=On%20August%202%2C%201858%2C%20Parliament,the%20company%20to%20the%20crown. |access-date=11 November 2021 |language=en}}</ref> At this time, Britain had control of most of India, through either direct control or [[vassal]] kingdoms. In 1858, the historical [[Indian independence movement]] began, which lasted until 1947. At midnight on August 15, 1947, the Indian independence movement came to an end as the [[Indian Independence Act 1947|Indian Independence Act]] is signed. The days following the signing of this bill were filled with bloodshed between the different religions of India.<ref>{{cite news |title=The Mutual Genocide of Indian Partition |url=https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2015/06/29/the-great-divide-books-dalrymple |access-date=12 November 2021 |work=The New Yorker |publisher=The New Yorker |date=22 June 2015}}</ref>

Educated women who held important positions during the [[British Raj]], began to create and wear early Indo western designs.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Mohta |first1=Payal |title=The Maharashtrian Women Who Became Fashion Icons During The British Raj |url=https://homegrown.co.in/article/802015/the-maharashtrian-women-who-became-fashion-icons-during-the-british-raj |access-date=12 November 2021 |work=homegrown.co.in |publisher=homegrown.co.in |language=en}}</ref> These Indian women began to wear [[Sari|sarees]] with blouses that had puffy sleeves. These sleeves were much the same as puffy sleeves that were popular in Europe during the [[Victorian era]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Sleeve Shifts of the 1890s – Historical Sewing |url=https://historicalsewing.com/sleeve-shifts-of-the-1890s |access-date=12 November 2021 |work=historicalsewing.com |date=November 5, 2015}}</ref> After independence, India entered the Golden Age of Cinema, which began to influence fashion and culture.<ref>{{cite news |title=Dilip Kumar, Bollywood’s ‘Tragedy King’, dies aged 98 |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/7/7/dilip-kumar-india-cinema-legend-dies-bollywood |access-date=12 November 2021 |work=www.aljazeera.com |date=7 July 2021 |language=en}}</ref> During the 1960s, Indian culture was being influenced by the West, and this was very apparent in films at the time. In movies like [[An Evening in Paris]], the Western influence is very visible through the clothing and setting of the film. The main male protagonist wears Western-styled suits, while the female protagonist wears some Western dresses and some Indo-western clothing.

In the [[1960s in fashion|1960s]] and [[1970s in fashion|1970s]], at the same time as Western fashion was adopting elements of Indian dress, Indian fashion also absorbed elements of Western dress.<ref name=craik38>{{cite book|last1=Craik|first1=Jennifer|title=The Face of Fashion: Cultural Studies in Fashion|date=2003|publisher=Routledge|isbn=1134940564|page=38|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9lmIAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA38}}</ref><ref name=geczy>{{cite book |last1=Geczy |first1=Adam |title=Fashion and orientalism : dress, textiles and culture from the 17th to the 21st century |date=2013 |publisher=Bloomsbury |location=London |isbn=9781847885999 |page=185 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vVVMAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA185 |chapter=Postwar Revivalism and Transorientalism}}</ref> This practice of mutual appropriation continued throughout the 1980s and 1990s, as multiculturalism in fashion design took hold, with Western designers incorporating traditional Indian crafts, textiles and techniques at the same time as Indian designers allowed the West to influence their work.<ref name=craik38/> While middle-class Indian women in migrant communities originally tended to favour Western styles for all occasions in the 1960s and 1970s, they gradually began to wear stylish Indian dress for special occasions as a status symbol equivalent to chic Western fashion.<ref name=lakha>{{cite book |last1=Lakha |first1=Salim |editor1-last=Pinches |editor1-first=Michael |title=Culture and Privilege in Capitalist Asia |date=2005 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=9781134642151 |pages=252–277 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=V6CEAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA263|chapter=The state globalisation and Indian middle class identity}}</ref> One example of a traditionally Indian garment that has been heavily influenced by Western fashion is the [[kurta]] suit, a reversal of the established tradition of Western fashion being influenced by Asian design.<ref name=geczy/> Geczy noted that an Indian woman wearing traditional clothing might find herself said to be "imitating" Western fashion, and that the boundaries between East and West in fashion were becoming increasingly blurred.<ref name=geczy/>

==21st century==
[[File:Kelly Gale 2014.jpg|thumb|upright=0.75|[[Kelly Gale]] models [[lingerie]] while wearing traditional-styled Indian clothing at [[Victoria's Secret Fashion Show]] in London, 2014]]
By the first decade of the 21st century, Western styles were well established as part of Indian fashion, with some professional Indian women favoring Western-style dresses over saris for office wear.<ref name=lakha/> Fashionable Indian women might take the traditional [[shalwar kameez]] and wear the [[kameez]] (tunic) with [[jeans]], or the pants with a Western blouse.<ref name=lakha/>

Among the youth, there appears to be an enthusiastic approach to combining traditional clothes with a Western touch.<ref name=shetty>Bollywood Vogue July 8, 2014 [http://www.bollywoodvogue.com/shilpa-shetty-indo-fusion-look/ Indo-Fusion Look and Bollywood Prapti Bagga Arora]</ref> With the increasing exposure of the [[Indian subcontinent]] to the [[Western world]], the merging of women's clothing styles is inevitable. Many Indian and Pakistani women residing in the West still prefer to wear traditional [[salwar kameez]] and [[sari|sarees]]; however, some women, particularly those of the younger generation, choose Indo-Western clothing.

The clothing of the quintessential Indo-Western ensemble is the trouser suit, which is a short [[kurta]] with straight pants and a [[dupatta]]. Newer designs often feature sleeveless tops, short dupattas, and pants with slits. New fusion fashions are emerging rapidly, as designers compete to produce designs in tune with current trends.

Additional examples of the fusion that Indo-Western clothing represents include wearing jeans with a [[choli]], salwar, or kurta, adding a dupatta to a Western-style outfit, and wearing a lehnga (long [[skirt]]) with a tank top or halter top. For men Indian traditional Kurta with sports shoes and scarves.

==Popular styles of women's Indo-Western clothing==

* Indo-Western kurtis are available in various styles and silhouettes, such as [[A-line (clothing)|A-line]], [[Angarkha|Angrakha]], [[Anarkali]], C-cut, trail cut, shirt-style, tail cut, asymmetrical, and so on.
* Indo-Western [[evening gown]]s are one of the most popular choices for women of all ages at festivities and social gatherings.
* [[Palazzo pants]] are a Westernised form of the [[salwar]] and similar Indian trousers.
* Indo-Western tops include Indo-Western styles of kurtis and tunics, various colors, prints, patterns, and styles. They may be paired with jeans, leggings, jeggings, and various other women's bottom wear.

==Popular styles of Men's Indo-western clothing==

*Indo-western Jodhpuri Suit set is the modern version of traditional men's jodhpurs suits and it is an ideal outfit for festivities
*Indo-western Angrakha kurtas are not just available for women, you can find various versions of this clothing for men as well. Ideal for casual family gatherings and small functions.
*Indo-western kurtas with jackets can be paired with various lower-body clothing to achieve a different look every time. One can find various colors, shapes, prints and patterns of this style of Indo western clothing.
*Indo western [[Achkan]] looks quite similar to traditional sherwanis but, they are completely different. A good style of achkans could be paired with jeans and other men's bottom wear.

==Distinctive elements in Indo-Western fashions==

*'''Sleeve length''' - The traditional salwar has long or short sleeves. An Indo-Western design might forego sleeves altogether, or replace the sleeves with spaghetti straps, resembling the style of a [[Tank top (shirt)|tank top]] or [[halterneck|halter]]. There are also poncho-styled tops and one-sleeve designs that follow contemporary Western trends.
*'''Shirt length''' - Indo-Western kurtas and salwars tend to be much shorter than those traditionally worn so that they resemble Western-style blouses.
*'''Necklines''' - Some Indo-Western tops are available with plunging necklines, in contrast to the traditional styling of salwars and kurtas.
*'''Color''' - Traditional salwar and sari include bright and bold colors and patterns. New Indo-Western designs choose lighter and more subtle colors and patterns. The traditional patterns are less in use, and colors like soft pastel colors, and plain patterns with statement jewelry are more in use.

==Well-known wearers of Indo-Western fashion==
A few who are well-known enthusiasts of the hybrid fashion are Indian actress [[Shilpa Shetty]],<ref name=shetty/> English actress [[Judi Dench]], Bollywood actresses [[Aditi Rao Hydari]] and [[Sonam Kapoor]].

== Indo-Western Fashion Designers ==

* [[Pooja Motwani]]

==See also==
*[[Fashion in India]]
*[[1945-1960 in Indian fashion]]
*[[1960s in Indian fashion]]
*[[1970s in Asian fashion]]
*[[1990s in Indian fashion]]
*[[2000s in Indian fashion]]
*[[2010s in Indian fashion]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Further reading==
* {{cite book|last1=Sandhu|first1=Arti|title=Indian Fashion: Tradition, Innovation, Style|date=2014|publisher=Bloomsbury|isbn=9781472590855}}
* Los Mahal. [https://losmahal.com/blogs/news/indo-western-clothing-a-beautiful-fusion-of-cultures "Indo-Western Clothing: A Beautiful Fusion of Cultures"]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Indo-Western Clothing}}
[[Category:Indian clothing]]
[[Category:Pakistani clothing]]
[[Category:History of Asian clothing]]

2023 attack on the Chem Pluto

2025-12-28T12:22:14Z

Vivekparulekar: Put Up A Stub - done

{{short description |Maritime drone strike}}
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}}
{{Campaignbox Middle Eastern crisis (2023–present)}}
[[File:INS Chennai (D65) during an exercise in the Indian Ocean (cropped).jpg|thumb|right|{{INS|Chennai}} – one of the destroyers which reacted to the attack ]]
[[File:ICGS Vikram, commissioned in 2018, from Vikram-class offshore patrol vessel (2017).jpg|thumb|right|{{ship|ICGS|Vikram}} – the patrol ship which aided the tanker]]
[[File:Operators on Indian Navy's Boeing P-8I search for Malaysia Airlines Flight 370 (2).JPG|thumb|right|Sensor operators on an Indian P-8I – the type of aircraft patrolling the area]]
On 23 December 2023, the [[tanker (ship)|tanker]] ''Chem Pluto'' was struck by an [[anti-ship missile]] or [[Loitering munition|drone]] while it was carrying oil from [[Jubail]], Saudi Arabia, to [[New Mangalore Port]], India.{{r|WION}} The strike happened at 10:00 local time (06:00 GMT) when the ship was about {{convert|200|mi}} south-west of [[Veraval]].{{r|BBC}}

==Events==
The missile hit the [[poop deck]] and penetrated the hull, causing internal damage, a fire and power failure. There were no casualties in the mostly Indian crew of 22 who were able to control the fire, restore power and get the ship under way again.{{r|WION}}

The Indian [[Information Fusion Centre – Indian Ocean region|Information Fusion Centre for the Indian Ocean region]] alerted the [[Indian Coast Guard]] who sent the patrol ship {{ship|ICGS|Vikram}} to assist and escort the tanker while the [[Indian Navy]] patrolled with a warship and [[Boeing P-8 Poseidon#India|P-8I]] maritime aircraft.{{r|WION}}

The [[United States Department of Defense]] announced that this was a direct attack by the [[Islamic Republic of Iran Armed Forces|Iranian military]] but the [[Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Iran)|Iranian foreign ministry]] denied that they were responsible.{{r|BBC}}

The ship is owned by a Japanese company, Rio Brillante, and operated by Ace Quantum Chemical Tankers which is based in the Netherlands and associated with the Israeli billionaire [[Idan Ofer]]. The ship was registered in [[Monrovia]] to give it a Liberian [[flag of convenience]].{{r|FT}}

==Reaction==
The ship docked in [[Mumbai]] on Christmas Day for repairs and [[forensic investigation]]. The initial investigations were made by the Indian Navy's [[Explosive Ordinance Disposal]] team and subsequent analysis by the [[Central Forensic Science Laboratory]] in [[Pune]]. Fragments recovered from the ship indicated that the missile may have been a [[HESA Shahed 136]] drone. Two Iranian vessels near the attack were boarded and searched by the Indian Navy – bulk carrier ''Artenos'' and general cargo ship ''Saviz'' – but no evidence of involvement was found.{{r|HT}}

India reacted by assigning destroyers, including {{ship|INS|Chennai}}, {{ship|INS|Kochi}}, {{ship|INS|Kolkata}} and {{ship|INS|Mormugao|D67|6}}, to patrol the shipping lanes of the Indian Ocean, while [[Narendra Modi|Prime Minister Modi]] discussed the incident and Middle East issues with the Crown Prince and Prime Minister of Saudi Arabia, [[Mohammed bin Salman]], and the Prime Minister of Israel, [[Benjamin Netanyahu]].{{r|BBC2|HT|WION}}

==See also==
*[[Red Sea crisis]]
* [[Timeline of the Red Sea crisis]]
*[[July 2021 Gulf of Oman incident]]
*[[Operation Prosperity Guardian]]

==References==
<references>

<ref name=BBC>{{citation |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-india-67811929 |publisher=BBC News |title=Tanker hit off India coast by drone from Iran, says US |date=24 December 2023 |author=Phelan Chatterjee |access-date=11 January 2024 |archive-date=10 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240110193109/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-india-67811929 |url-status=live }}</ref>
<ref name=BBC2>{{citation |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-india-67822247 |title=India deploys three warships to Arabian Sea after attack on tanker |author=Anbarasan Ethirajan |date=26 December 2023 |publisher=BBC News |access-date=11 January 2024 |archive-date=1 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240101064950/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-india-67822247 |url-status=live }}</ref>
<ref name=FT>{{citation |title=US accuses Iran of attacking tanker in Indian Ocean |url=https://www.ft.com/content/31c19892-15f6-4155-bc67-aca076783258 |access-date=25 December 2023 |work=[[Financial Times]] |archive-date=25 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231225011819/https://www.ft.com/content/31c19892-15f6-4155-bc67-aca076783258 |url-status=live }}</ref>
<ref name=HT>{{citation |title=Initial probe points to Iran link in tanker drone strike |newspaper=Hindustan Times |date=27 December 2023 |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/initial-probe-points-to-iranlink-in-tanker-drone-strike-101703618695786.html |access-date=11 January 2024 |archive-date=10 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240110230122/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/initial-probe-points-to-iranlink-in-tanker-drone-strike-101703618695786.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
<ref name=WION>{{citation |url=https://www.wionews.com/india-news/drone-attack-sparked-fire-total-power-failure-on-mv-chem-pluto-674802 |title=Drone attack sparked fire, total power failure on MV Chem Pluto |publisher=WIO News |date=29 December 2023 |access-date=11 January 2024 |archive-date=30 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231230061544/https://www.wionews.com/india-news/drone-attack-sparked-fire-total-power-failure-on-mv-chem-pluto-674802 |url-status=live }}</ref>

</references>

{{2023 shipwrecks}}{{Red Sea crisis|state=collapsed}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Chem Pluto, 2023}}
[[Category:Attacks in Asia in 2023]]
[[Category:December 2023 in Asia]]
[[Category:Drone strikes]]
[[Category:Maritime incidents in 2023]]
[[Category:Military history of the Indian Ocean]]
[[Category:2023 airstrikes]]
[[Category:Airstrikes in Asia]]
[[Category:Jubail]]
[[Category:History of Mangalore]]
[[Category:2023 in Saudi Arabia]]
[[Category:2023 in India]]
[[Category:2023 in Iran]]
[[Category:India–Iran relations]]
[[Category:India–Saudi Arabia relations]]
[[Category:Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy war]]
[[Category:2020s in Gujarat]]
[[Category:Maritime incidents in India]]
[[Category:History of the Indian Coast Guard]]
[[Category:Middle Eastern crisis (2023–present)]]

Gujarati kadhi

2025-11-25T06:04:52Z

Vivekparulekar: Started new stub.

{{Infobox food
|name=Gujarati kadhi
|image=File:Gujarati Kadhi.jpg
|image_size=280px
|caption= Hot Gujarati kadhi in a bowl
|alternate_name=
|place_of_origin=Indian subcontinent
|region=
|creator=
|type= Soup
|served=Hot
|main_ingredient=[[Dahi (curd)|Dahi]] (yogurt), [[gram flour]]
|variations= Rajasthani kadhi pakoda, Sindhi kadhi, East Indian kadhi badi, South Indian majjige pulusu
|calories=
|other=
}}
{{Indian cuisine}}

'''Gujarati kadhi''' ({{langx|gu|કઢી}}) is a Gujarati version of [[kadhi]].<ref>{{cite web|title=The taste of Gujarat|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/brunch-stories/the-taste-of-gujarat/article1-1295961.aspx|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150423072514/http://www.hindustantimes.com/brunch-stories/the-taste-of-gujarat/article1-1295961.aspx|url-status=dead|archive-date=April 23, 2015}}</ref> It is made from buttermilk or [[dahi (curd)|dahi]] (yogurt) and [[gram flour]].<ref>{{cite web|title='Gujarati Kadhi', 'Bhuna Gosht Boti' for Obama|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/north/story/barack-obama-lunch-menu-gujarati-kadi-bhuna-gosht-boti-237342-2015-01-25|website=India Today|publisher=India Today}}</ref> Kadhi is an essential part of [[Gujarati cuisine]].<ref>{{cite web|title=How to Make Gujarati Kadhi|url=http://idiva.com/news-ifood/how-to-make-gujarati-kadhi-video/29429}}</ref>

==Popularity==
[[File:Gujarati_Kadhi_ગુજરાતી_કઢી.jpg|center|thumb|Gujarati kadhi served with ''bhaat'' (steamed rice)]]
When [[Barack Obama]] visited India he was served Gujarati kadhi.<ref>{{cite news|title=Obama's lunch menu: Gujarati Kadhi, Bhuna Gosht Boti|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Obamas-lunch-menu-Gujarati-Kadhi-Bhuna-Gosht-Boti/articleshow/46010919.cms|work=The Times Of India}}</ref> Kadhi was included on the Chinese president's menu when he visited Ahmedabad.<ref>{{cite news|title=Over 100 Gujarati delicacies for Chinese President Xi Jinping's palate|url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/over-100-gujarati-delicacies-for-chinese-president-xi-jinpings-palate/498563-3.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140916035135/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/over-100-gujarati-delicacies-for-chinese-president-xi-jinpings-palate/498563-3.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=2014-09-16|publisher=IBNLIVE}}</ref> Kadhi has different varieties in India; Gujarati kadhi is different from Sindhi kadhi, Rajasthani kadhi pakoda,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rajasthani pakoda kadhi recipe {{!}} Rajasthani kaddhi pakora {{!}} |url=https://www.tarladalal.com/rajasthani-pakoda-kadhi-3882r |access-date=2023-05-24 |website=www.tarladalal.com}}</ref> [[Kadhi bari|badi kadhi]] or Uttar Pradesh kadhi except that all are yoghurt-based (except Sindhi kadhi, which has a tamarind base). In Gujarat, it is served with [[khichdi]] or steamed rice.<ref>{{cite web|title=Express Recipe: How to make Gujarati Kadhi|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/lifestyle/food-wine/express-recipe-how-to-make-gujarati-kadhi/|publisher=Indian Express}}</ref>

==Preparation==
Gujarati kadhi is lighter when compared to Rajasthani kadhi.<ref>{{cite news|title=Recipe: Delicious hot Gujarati kadhi|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/life-style/food/recipes/Recipe-Delicious-hot-Gujarati-kadhi/articleshow/20712703.cms|work=The Times of india}}</ref> The curd and gram flour are turned into a liquid mixture by mixing with a few cups of water. Chopped green chilies, chopped ginger and [[asafoetida]] are fried in a pan on medium flame. After that the curd paste is mixed and heated for a few minutes and stirred. The kadhi is then served hot with khichdi, naan, chapati or rice.<ref>{{cite news|title=Recipe: Gujarati Kadhi|url=http://zeenews.india.com/entertainment/gourmet/recipe/recipe-gujarati-kadhi_2563.htm|publisher=Zee News}}</ref>

===Ingredients===
Dahi (yogurt), gram flour, asafoetida, cinnamon powder, mustard seeds, curry leaves and coriander leaves are the main ingredients.<ref>{{cite web|title=Gujarati Kadhi|url=http://food.ndtv.com/recipe-gujarati-kadhi-98977|website=food.ndtv.com/|publisher=NDTV}}</ref>

===Variations===

Variations include East Indian kadhi badi, Sindhi kadhi, Rajasthani kadhi pakoda,<ref>{{cite web|title=Express Recipe: How to make Gujarati Kadhi|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/lifestyle/food-wine/express-recipe-how-to-make-gujarati-kadhi/}}</ref> and Kathiawadi kadhi.<ref>{{cite news|title=The Kathiawadi thali, fully loaded|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/life-style/food/food-reviews/The-Kathiawadi-thali-fully-loaded/articleshow/45318573.cms}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}


==Further reading==
*{{cite book|last1=Gress|first1=Priti Chitnis|last2=W. Chitnis|first2=Chandrakant Paul|title=Flavorful India: Treasured Recipes from a Gujarati Family|date=1 October 2007|publisher=Hippocrene Books|pages=147 pages|isbn=9780781812078|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=E6snLg--pjUC&q=gujarati+kadhi}}
*{{cite book|last1=Kabra|first1=Kanchan|title=Taste Of Gujarat|date=29 March 2014|publisher=Netlancers Inc|pages=86 pages|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oyY1AwAAQBAJ&q=gujarati+kadhi}}{{Dead link|date=June 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}



[[Category:Indian cuisine]]
[[Category:Gujarati cuisine]]

T. Rama Rao

2025-09-25T06:18:07Z

Vivekparulekar:

{{Short description|Indian filmmaker (1938–2022)}}
{{about|the filmmaker|the administrator|T. Rama Rao (administrator)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2022}}
{{Infobox person
| name = T. Rama Rao
| image =
| caption =
| birth_name = Tatineni Rama Rao
| birth_date = {{birth date|df=y|1938|05|29}}<ref>[https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/legacy-of-t-rama-rao-the-visionary-behind-convergence-of-telugu-cinema-and-bollywood/articleshow/114127208.cms Legacy of T. Rama Rao, the visionary behind convergence of Telugu Cinema and Bollywood]</ref>
| birth_place = [[Kapileswarapuram, Krishna district|Kapileswarapuram]], [[Madras Presidency]], [[British Raj]]
| occupation = [[Film director]]
| death_date = {{death date and age|df=y|2022|04|20|1938|05|29}}
| death_place = [[Chennai]], [[Tamil Nadu]], [[India]]
| spouse =
}}

'''Tatineni Rama Rao''' (29 May 1938 – 20 April 2022)<ref>[https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/veteran-director-t-rama-rao-passes-away-at-83-in-chennai-1939571-2022-04-20 Veteran director T Rama Rao passes away at 83 in Chennai]</ref> was an Indian filmmaker. He directed 75 [[Hindi]] and [[Telugu language|Telugu]] feature films between 1966 and 2000.

==Career==
Rao started his work in the film industry in the late 1950s as the assistant director of his cousin [[T. Prakash Rao]] and [[Kotayya Pratyagatma]], before making his directorial debut with 1966 Telugu film ''[[Navaratri (1966 film)|Navarathri]]''.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.telugucinema.com/tc/stars/tatineniramaraointerview.php |title=Stars : Star Interviews |website=[[Telugucinema.com]] |access-date=12 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060515121820/http://www.telugucinema.com/tc/stars/tatineniramaraointerview.php |archive-date=15 May 2006 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

According to ''[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]'', Rao was "the man who established the 'Madras movie', or Hindi films funded primarily by southern capital, as a viable commercial option in the all-India market..."<ref>{{cite book|author1=Gulzar |author2=Nihalani, Govind |author3=Chatterjee, Saibal |title=Encyclopaedia of Hindi Cinema|year=2003|publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica (India) Pvt Ltd.|isbn=81-7991-066-0|pages=433}}</ref>

He was the father of successful film producer T. Ajay Kumar.<ref>{{cite news|title=All hopes on 'anniyan'|url=http://www.hindu.com/mp/2004/06/28/stories/2004062800700200.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041127034534/http://www.hindu.com/mp/2004/06/28/stories/2004062800700200.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=27 November 2004|date=28 June 2004|author=M.L.N|access-date=4 October 2009|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref>

==Filmography==
===Director===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year !! Film !! Language !! Notes
|-
| 1966 || ''[[Navarathri (1966 film)|Navarathri]]'' || Telugu || Remake of Tamil film ''[[Navarathri (1964 film)|Navarathri]]''
|-
| 1968 || ''[[Brahmachari (Telugu film)|Brahamchaari]]'' || Telugu ||
|-
| 1969 || ''Manchi Mitrulu'' || Telugu ||
|-
| 1971 || ''Suprutudu'' || Telugu ||
|-
| 1972 || ''Raitu Kutumbam'' || Telugu ||
|-
| 1973 || ''[[Jeevana Tarangalu]]'' || Telugu ||
|-
| 1974 || ''Dorababu'' || Telugu ||
|-
| 1975 ||''[[Yamagola]]'' || Telugu ||
|-
| 1975 ||''Raju Vedale'' || Telugu ||
|-
| 1977 || ''Aalu Magalu'' || Telugu ||
|-
| 1978 || ''Amara Prema'' || Telugu || Remake of Malayalam film ''[[Madanolsavam]]''.{{efn|Some scenes were remade while most of the scenes dubbed from original version.}}
|-
| 1978 || ''Sri Rama Raksha'' || Telugu ||
|-
| 1979 || ''[[Lok Parlok]]'' || Hindi || Remake of ''[[Yamagola]]''
|-
| 1980 || ''[[Aatagaadu]]'' || Telugu ||
|-
| 1980 || ''[[Judaai (1980 film)|Judaai]]'' || Hindi || Remake of ''Aalu Magalu''
|-
| 1980 || ''[[Maang Bharo Sajana]]'' || Hindi || Remake of ''[[Karthika Deepam (film)|Karthika Deepam]]''
|-
| 1981 || ''[[Ek Hi Bhool]]'' || Hindi || Remake of ''[[Mouna Geethangal]]''
|-
| 1982 || ''[[Jeevan Dhaara]]'' || Hindi || Remake of ''[[Aval Oru Thodar Kathai]]''
|-
| 1982 || ''[[Main Intequam Loonga|Main Intaquam Loonga]]'' || Hindi || Remake of ''[[Thayige Thakka Maga]]''
|-
| 1982 || ''[[Yeh To Kamaal Ho Gaya]]'' || Hindi || Remake of [[Sattam En Kaiyil]]
|-
| 1982 || ''[[Anuraga Devata]]'' || Telugu || Remake of ''[[Aasha (1980 film)|Aasha]]''
|-
| 1983 || ''[[Andhaa Kaanoon]]'' || Hindi || Remake of ''[[Sattam Oru Iruttarai]]''
|-
| 1983 || ''Mugguru Monagallu'' || Telugu || Remake of ''[[Moondru Mugam]]''
|-
| 1983 || ''[[Mujhe Insaaf Chahiye]]'' || Hindi || Remake of ''[[Nyayam Kavali]]''
|-
| 1984 || ''[[Inquilaab (1984 film)|Inquilaab]]'' || Hindi || Remake of ''[[Chakravyuha (1983 film)|Chakravyuha]]''
|-
| 1984 || ''[[Yeh Desh]]'' || Hindi || Remake of ''[[Ee Nadu]]''
|-
| 1984 || ''[[John Jani Janardhan (1984 film)|John Jani Janardhan]]'' || Hindi || Remake of ''[[Moondru Mugam]]''
|-
| 1985 || ''[[Pachani Kapuram]]'' || Telugu || Remake of ''[[Pyar Jhukta Nahin]]''
|-
| 1985 || ''[[Haqeeqat (1985 film)|Haqeeqat]]'' || Hindi ||Remake of ''[[Chakravarthy (1977 film)|Chakravarthy]]''
|-
| 1986 || ''[[Naseeb Apna Apna (1986 film)|Naseeb Apna Apna]]'' || Hindi || Remake of ''[[Gopurangal Saivathillai]]''
|-
| 1986 || ''[[Sadaa Suhagan]]'' || Hindi || Remake of ''[[Dheerga Sumangali]]''
|-
| 1986 ||''[[Dosti Dushmani]]'' || Hindi || Remake of ''[[Chakravarthy (1977 film)|Chakravarthy]]''
|-
|1986|| ''[[Naache Mayuri]]'' ||Hindi|| Remake of ''[[Mayuri (film)|Mayuri]]''
|-
| 1987 || ''[[Sansar (1987 film)|Sansar]]'' || Hindi || Remake of ''[[Samsaram Adhu Minsaram]]''
|-
| 1987 || ''[[Watan Ke Rakhwale]]'' || Hindi ||
|-
| 1987 || ''[[Insaf Ki Pukar]]'' || Hindi ||
|-
| 1988 || ''Nyayaniki Shiksha'' || Telugu ||Remake of ''[[Neethikku Thandanai]]''
|-
| 1988 || ''Agni Keratalu'' || Telugu ||
|-
| 1988 || ''[[Khatron Ke Khiladi (1988 film)|Khatron Ke Khiladi]]'' || Hindi ||
|-
| 1989 || ''[[Sachai Ki Taqat]]'' || Hindi ||
|-
| 1990 || ''[[Majboor (1990 film)|Majboor]]'' || Hindi ||
|-
| 1990 || ''[[Muqaddar Ka Badshaah]]'' || Hindi ||
|-
| 1991 || ''[[Pratikar]]'' || Hindi ||Remake of ''[[Raktha Tilakam]]''
|-
| 1991 || ''[[Talli Tandrulu]]'' || Telugu ||
|-
| 1992 || ''Golmaal Govindam'' || Telugu ||
|-
| 1993 || ''[[Muqabla (1993 film)|Muqabla]]'' || Hindi ||Remake of ''[[Police Bharya]]''
|-
| 1994 || ''[[Mr. Azaad]]'' || Hindi ||Remake of ''[[Ulle Veliye]]''
|-
| 1994 || ''Mera Pyara Bharat'' || Hindi ||
|-
| 1995 || ''[[Ravan Raaj: A True Story|Ravan Raaj]]'' || Hindi ||Remake of ''[[Pulan Visaranai]]''
|-
| 1995 || ''[[Haathkadi (1995 film)|Haathkadi]]'' || Hindi ||
|-
| 1996 || ''[[Jung (1996 film)|Jung]]'' || Hindi ||
|-
| 1999 || ''[[Sautela]]'' || Hindi ||Remake of ''[[Cheran Pandian]]''
|-
| 2000 || ''[[Bulandi (2000 film)|Bulandi]]'' || Hindi ||Remake of ''[[Nattamai]]''
|-
| 2000 || ''[[Beti No. 1]]'' || Hindi ||Remake of ''[[Aadyathe Kanmani]]''
|-
|}

{{notelist}}

===Producer===
====Hindi====
* ''[[Aakhree Raasta]]''
*''Andhaa Kaanoon''
*''Ek Hi Bhool''
*''John Jani Janardhan''
*''Sansar''

====Tamil====
*''Naan Sigappu Manithan''
*''Adhisaya Piravi''
*''Naattai Thirudathe''
* ''[[Dhill]]''
* ''[[Youth (2002 film)|Youth]]''
* ''[[Arul (film)|Arul]]''
* ''[[Unakkum Enakkum]]''
* ''[[Malaikottai]]''
*''Ya Ya''

===Telugu===

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Contains special characters|Indic}}
* {{IMDb name|0851253}}

{{T. Rama Rao}}
{{FilmfareAwardBestTeluguDirector}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Rao, Tatineni Rama}}
[[Category:1938 births]]
[[Category:2022 deaths]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian people]]
[[Category:Telugu film directors]]
[[Category:Hindi-language film directors]]
[[Category:Filmfare Awards South winners]]
[[Category:Film directors from Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Film people from Krishna district]]
[[Category:Telugu film producers]]
[[Category:Film producers from Andhra Pradesh]]

Naxalite movement in Bhojpur

2025-08-16T11:21:28Z

Vivekparulekar: Put up new biography w/ infobox

{{Short description|Peasant uprising under the leadership of Left wing organizations}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2024}}
{{Infobox military conflict
| conflict = Naxalite movement in Bhojpur
| width =
| partof = [[Naxalite-Maoist insurgency]]
| image = {{Location map|Bihar
| width = 250
| float = right
| label = Ekwari village
|marksize = 8
|lat_deg = 25.297513
|lon_deg = 84.499390
}}
| coordinates = {{coord|25.297513|N|84.499390 |E|display=inline,title}}
| image_size =
| alt =
| caption =
| date = 1970–2002<ref name="TOI">{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/ml-to-honour-kin-of-martyrs/articleshow/28306629.cms|title=ML to honour kin of 'martyrs'|website=[[Times of India]]|date=15 November 2002 |editor=Pranava K Chaudhary|access-date=21 July 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220721030402/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/ml-to-honour-kin-of-martyrs/articleshow/28306629.cms|url-status=live|archive-date=21 July 2022 }}</ref>
| place = [[Bhojpur district, India|Bhojpur district]] [[Bihar]]
| map_type =
| map_relief = {{Location map|Bihar
| width = 250
| float = right
| label = Ekwari village
|marksize = 8
|lat_deg = 25.297513
|lon_deg = 84.499390
}}
| map_size =
| map_marksize =
| map_caption =
| map_label =
| territory =
| result =
| status =
| combatants_header =
| combatant1 = [[Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Liberation]]
| combatant2 = [[Government of Bihar]] Bhojpur landlords<ref name="Sinha"/>
| combatant3 =
| commander1 = [[File:South_Asian_Communist_Banner.svg|22px]] [[Jagdish Mahto]]{{KIA}}<ref name="Gail">{{cite book|title =Reinventing Revolution: New Social Movements and the Socialist Tradition in India|first=Gail|last= Omvedt|publisher=M.E. Sharpe|pages=59|year=1993|isbn=0765631768|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Wlxb0uacnRcC|access-date=19 July 2022}}</ref> [[File:South_Asian_Communist_Banner.svg|22px]] Rameswar Ahir.{{KIA}}<ref name="Bhatia"/> [[File:South_Asian_Communist_Banner.svg|22px]] [[Ram Naresh Ram|Ram Naresh Dusadh]]<ref name="Nimbran">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=b3JuAAAAMAAJ |title=Poverty, Land, and Violence: An Analytical Study of Naxalism in Bihar|author=Amrik Singh Nimbran
|publisher=Layman's Publications|year=1992|access-date=21 July 2022|quote=His active associates and lesser leaders like Ram Naresh Dusadh, Rameshwar Ahir (both of Ekwari), Butan Musahar, Ramayan Ram, Narayan Koeri, Dr. Nirmal Mahto etc. came from these groups . }}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BjZ7DwAAQBAJ |title=From Popular Movements to Rebellion: The Naxalite Decade|editor=[[Ranabir Samaddar]]|publisher=[[Routledge]]|year= 2018|
isbn=978-0429648977|access-date=19 July 2022}}The first spark of Naxalbari in Bihar actually fell in Musahari but it was soon extinguished. This spark was once again ignited in Ekwaari village and took the form of a raging fire in the Bhojpur revolution which could never again be extinguished. When this spark fell in Ekwaari, the three who came forward to pick it up and carry the torch are well known in the Bhojpur revolution as the trio of ‘Mahto, Paswan and Yadav’ – Master Jagdish Prasad, Ramnaresh Ram, and Rameshwar Ahir (Sadhuji).</ref> 
[[File:South_Asian_Communist_Banner.svg|22px]] Dr. Nirmal Mahato{{KIA}}<ref name="Nimbran" [[File:South_Asian_Communist_Banner.svg|22px]] Ramayan Ram{{KIA}}<ref name="Nimbran"<ref/> Singhasan Chamar{{KIA}}<ref name="Nimbran"/>
| commander2 =
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| units2 = [[Bihar Police| Bihar Police Force]]<ref name="Mukherjee">{{cite journal|first=Kalyan|last= Mukherjee|title=Peasant Revolt in Bhojpur|journal=Economic and Political Weekly|volume= 14|issue= 36|year=1979|pages=1536–38|jstor=4367921}}</ref> [[Paramilitary forces of India|Indian paramilitary units]]<ref name="Narayan"/> Armed gangs of the landlords<ref name="d mello"/>
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'''Naxalite movement in Bhojpur''' or '''Bhojpur uprising''' refers to the [[class conflict]] manifested in armed uprising of the 1970s, that took place in the various villages of the [[Bhojpur district, India|Bhojpur district]] of Bihar. These clashes were part of the [[Naxalite-Maoist insurgency]] in the state, which mobilised the agricultural labourers and the poor peasants against the landlords, primarily belonging to [[Forward Caste|upper-castes]]. A distinguished feature of these insurgencies were their confinement to the villages, and the nine towns of the Bhojpur district remained unaffected from the periodic skirmishes between the armed groups. One of the reason sought for this peculiar feature is the absence of modern industries in the [[district]]. The economy of the district was primarily agrarian, and the [[Proletariat|industrial proletariat]] class was absent.

According to police records, the Naxalite movement in Bhojpur was spread across nine out of sixteen [[Community development block|Blocks]] of the district, and a total of 150 village were affected by the armed uprising. In [[Sahar, Bihar|Sahar block]], however, the entire population of the poor peasants was believed to be the participants of armed uprising against the [[feudalism|feudal order]]. According to author Arun Sinha, due to [[caste system|caste composition]] of the belligerent groups in the uprising, it was often portrayed as the reaction against the "caste based oppression". The causes behind the uprising were, however, not the "caste consciousness".<ref name="Sinha">{{cite journal|last=Sinha|first= Arun|title=Class War in Bhojpur: II|journal= Economic and Political Weekly| volume=13|issue= 3|year=1978|pages= 90–92|jstor=4366310}}</ref><ref name="Mukherjee Yadav"/>

==Demography and economic status of castes==
In Bhojpur, according to Arun Sinha, most of the landlords were from the upper-caste; they were [[Rajput]], [[Bhumihar]], [[Brahmin]] and [[Kayastha]]. The agricultural labourers belonged to the [[Schedule Caste]] or the [[Other Backward Class|Backward Castes]] like [[Yadav]], [[Kurmi]] and [[Koeri]]. It was evident that in the absence of the hold of [[communist]]s over the movement, it had been turned into caste based riots. Over time, many Rajput and Brahmin degraded to the class of poor peasants, and many Koeri and Yadavs became well-to-do; the changed equation, changed the alignment in the district as well. Some of the youths from the Brahmin caste became sympathetic to the movement in the later phase, when the Naxalite movement became mature after seven years of insurgency. In the initial phase of Naxalite movement, even the poorest of the poor among Bhumihar and the Rajputs supported the landlords of their caste.<ref name="Sinha"/>

==Background==
{{See also|Zamindars of Bihar}}
[[File:Jagdish_Mahto,_Rameswar_Ahir,_Ramnaresh_Ram_and_others.jpg|thumb|Statues of the founders of [[Naxalism]] in Bihar, from left to right, Jagdish Mahto, Rameswar Ahir, [[Ram Naresh Ram|Ramnaresh Dusadh]], Subrato Datta and others.]]

[[Ekwari]] is one of the large village near [[Sahar, Bihar|Sahar]] in [[Bhojpur district, India|Bhojpur district]], and majority of landowners here belonged to Bhumihar caste; there were 250 houses in all, belonging to this particular caste, who were the prominent landholders of the region. They not only enjoyed high economic status, but also controlled the local power politics. Some of these landholders argued that they're not ''[[Zamindar]]s'', but were the [[ryot]]s of Raja of [[Benares State|Benaras]] before independence and the largest landholding, they had, was also below 100 ''[[bigha]]s''. The zeal to control the power structure of the village became the trigger point for emergence of Naxalism, when an educated youth named [[Jagdish Mahto]] was beaten by the Bhumihars, while he tried to prevent them from [[Electoral fraud|rigging the votes]]. Mahto later became one of the founders of the Naxalism in the Bhojpur along with Rameswar Ahir.<ref name="Bhatia">{{cite journal|first=Bela|last= Bhatia|title=The Naxalite Movement in Central Bihar|journal=Economic and Political Weekly|volume=40|issue=15|year= 2005|pages=1536–49| jstor=4416471}}</ref>

To meet with the challenge posed by the rebelling peasants and agricultural labourers, the landlords of Ekwari mobilised the non-landlord section of their caste. One of the most common feature of the early phase of armed uprisings by the [[Dalit]]s and the lower-castes was the combined action of the landlords and their castemen. The solid "caste unity" between the upper-caste landlords and their fellow castemen often led to attack on Dalit ''bastis'' (rural settlements inhabited by Dalits) and forcing latter into submission through economic blockade, which was possible only due to active collaboration of the non-landlord section of the upper-caste.<ref name="DN"/>

However, later in [[Ekwari]], due to [[democratization]] of the upper-castes, and the fear of violent reaction from the peasantry, combined with the insignificant consequences of the participation in the oppressive tactics of the landlords of their caste, forced the upper-castes to withdraw their support from the anti-peasant struggles. The result was emergence of caste-based "private armies" of the landlords, which could be mobilised for their anti-peasant struggle. Regularisation of the private armies or the armed gangs, however, led to concentration of the landlord's support among their kinsmen and [[militia]]s only, and their larger support base among their fellow castemen was diluted over time.<ref name="DN">{{cite journal|last=D.|first= N.|title= "Landlords as Extensions of the State."|journal= [[Economic and Political Weekly]]| volume= 24|issue= 4|year= 1989|pages= 179–183|jstor=4394300}}</ref>

==Social relations in Bhojpur==
Prior to the emergence of [[Naxalism]] in Bhojpur, the question of economic exploitation was not the only cause behind the confrontation between the labourers and the landlords. According to author Kalyan Mukherjee, the case of Bhojpur, among other militant uprisings of the [[agricultural labourer]]s and peasants, was different and was driven primarily by two factors. The activism here was driven by the concern for ''Ijjat'' (honour) and the 'upper-lower caste conflict'. In the decades prior to emergence of militancy, the lower caste women were often subjected to rampant sexual tyranny of the upper-caste landlords. The lower-caste men were dehumanised, and even sitting in front of the landlord and wearing a clean [[dhoti]] was considered as a challenge to latter's authority. They [landlords] also condemned the spread of education among the lower-castes.<ref name="Mukherjee"/>

The link of Rajput and Bhumihar landlords with state apparatus and the access to means of production along with their [[capitalist]]ic drive for profit maximisation paved the way for exploitation of the Dalit landless labourers. The Dalits, hence, suffered denial of basic human dignity; they were given extremely low [[wage]]s, and their womenfolks were subjected to periodic sexual tyranny from the upper-castes.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=q2cNEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA137 |title=The Palgrave Handbook of Anti-Communist Persecutions|editor1=Christian Gerlach|editor2=Clemens Six
|publisher=[[Springer Nature]]|year=2020|
isbn=978-3030549633|page=137|access-date=22 July 2022}}</ref>
Author Arun Sinha believes the contemporary landlords of the [[Ekwari]] to be invincible on the ground of higher position in the [[bureaucracy]] of their kinsmen, political power possessed by them, and ownership of hundreds of weapons. They also employed majority of the population of village as their agricultural labourers and enjoyed the benefits of productivity of the agricultural tracts in the adjoining region of Sone Canal. Sinha also describes the sexual atrocities against the womenfolks of the agricultural labourer.<ref name="Sinha1">{{cite journal|last=Sinha|first=Arun|title=Class War in Bhojpur: I|journal=[[Economic and Political Weekly]]|volume= 13|issue= 1|year=1978|pages=10–11|jstor=4366262}}</ref>
{{blockquote|Born a slave, his life is firmly tied to the spade, the sickle and the landlord's feet. He produces everything that the landlord boasts of, and yet his children do not have enough to eat. Every day some landlord or the other takes away his wife and his grown up daughters. If his working daughter is not molested in the fields during the day, a son of some landlord will break into his single-room mud hovel in the night and humiliate her right there...<ref name="Sinha1"/>}}

The practice of taking Dola– a custom in which newly wed bride of a labourer was forced to spend her first night with the Rajput and Bhumihar landlords, was also prevalent in some pockets. Another face of 'sexual oppression' against the lower-caste women was legitimisation of the sexual assaults through the cult of ''Mathin Mai''. As the legend goes, in the Behea state of Bhojpur, a Rajput landlord named Ranpal Singh [[raped]] a [[Brahmin]] woman, when her Dola (''[[Palanquin]]'') was passing through his area. The subsequent suicide of the victim popularised her as Mathin Mai, who became a cult figure in the region. The justifiability for the practice of taking Dola, thus, comes from the story of ''Mathin Mai''. But, the story of ''Mathin Mai'' also became symbol of horror for countless Dalit women, who were threatened to travel to [[Arrah]], because of the possibility of rapes by the dominant section of society, the landlords.<ref>{{cite journal|first=Kalyan|last= Mukherjee|title=Peasant Revolt in Bhojpur|journal=Economic and Political Weekly|volume= 14|issue= 36|year=1979|pages=1536–38|jstor=4367921|quote=It is at the level of sexual tyranny that the theme of upper caste domination becomes most pronounced, (At the other end, the submission to an order of sexual devaluation is canonised). The Mathin dai temple at Behea in Bhojpur was built to commemorate the memory of Mathin, a Brahmin woman, who was raped by the sexual tyrant, Ram Pal Singh, a scion of the Harihobans Rajput rulers of Behea. Till this day the mythology of Mathin is part of the mental map of countless harijan women to whom a journey to Arrah is fraught with imminent horrors of rape. }}</ref><ref name="Srivastava">{{cite journal |last1=Srivastava |first1=Sumit S. |title=Violence and Dalit Women's Resistance in Rural Bihar |journal=Indian Anthropologist |date=2007 |volume=37 |issue=2 |pages=31–44 |jstor=41920038 |issn=0970-0927}}The most glaring form of traditional 'ritually' sanctioned form manifests in Dola Pratha. It is difficult to ascertain the birth and origin of such a practice as it existed as far back as 'dalit memory' can recall back. Dola literally means palanquin which is used to carry newly wed bride to her husband's house/village. Due to oppressive caste system coupled with economic exploitation, the landed gentry took it as their birth right.
There are two different versions of Mahteen Mai (Maheshwar, 1997:35-39). The 'Sanskritic' version says that the local landlord of Shahabad, Ranpal Singh raped a newly wed Ragmati when her Dola was passing through his area. Her subsequent suicide led to tension. in the area. To avoid further troubles, Ranpal Singh spread the story that before he could lay hands on her, she glowed and left for heaven. Thus she was not an ordinary women but a deity.</ref>

==Early activism==
Before the resurgence of the armed rebellion against the feudal order, the educated youths among the lower-castes organised themselves under the leadership of people like Jagdish Mahto, who led a massive rally in the [[Arrah]], demanding ''Harijanistan'' (land of Dalits). According to Kalyan Mukherjee, the town of Arrah, in 1969, witnessed one of the massive torch-light procession in its history. Those who led this procession were Mahto, Ram Ekbal Dusadh, Latafat Hussein and Prabhu Harijan. The mob shouted slogans like ''Harijanistan lekar rahenge'' (we will fight for a state of Harijans). The leaders, along with the ordinary participants in the procession, then gathered at [[Ramna Maidan]]. The agitation of Mahto and his associates for ''Harijanistan'' motivated [[Samyukta Socialist Party]] (SSP) to organise the most deprived section of the Backwards and the Schedule Castes, outside the Ahir-Kurmi-Koeri section. This procession and later political activities by the SSP, became prelude to the emergence of [[Maoism]] in the state of Bihar.<ref name="Mukherjee"/>

After being assaulted by the Bhumihars of [[Ekwari]] village, while trying to prevent the vote rigging at the Polling Booth, which was established at the house of a big landlord Nathuni Singh, Mahto initiated a drive to influence the people around him in pro-poor ideas, including the fellow teachers at his school. By the end of 1969, he started taking leave from the work frequently. Earlier, whenever he used to take leave, series of mysterious events, like burning of a landlord's [[hay]]stack and cutting of his crops, without his knowledge used to take place. During this period, such activities became more frequent. Soon, he applied for a three-month leave from the [[Harprasad Das Jain College|H.D Jain College]], and joined the underground activities actively.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Sinha|first=Arun|title=Class War in Bhojpur: I|journal=[[Economic and Political Weekly]]|volume= 13|issue= 1|year=1978|pages=10–11|jstor=4366262|quote=He tried to make the poor aware of their condition through a newspaper, but was balked by lack of money and response. He tried democratic protest through the torchlight procession but nothing came of it.Ever since he joined the school, the Master had been going to Ekwari, his village, on leave. As he suffered from chronic dysentery, nobody in the school suspected how the science teacher was using his leave. Towards the end of 1969, his absences on leave became more frequent. That year mysterious' incidents started occurring at Ekwari. Some day a haystack in a landlord's barn would be set on fire, another day someone's crops would be found cut. Reports of these incidents had started reaching Arrah. Soon after the Master applied for three months' leave and never returned.}}</ref>

==Beginning of uprising==
{{See also|Naxalbari uprising}}

It was [[Ekwari]] village of the [[Sahar, Bihar|Sahar]] block in Bhojpur district, which became the centre of organised armed movement. The leaders of the movement were [[Jagdish Mahto]], Rameswar Ahir and [[Ram Naresh Ram|Ramnaresh Dusadh]]. They were influenced by the successful uprising in the Naxalbari region of [[West Bengal|North Bengal]], and began organising like minded youths, mostly belonging to lower-castes. In his attempt of mobilising the cadre of his future group, it took Mahto two years, until Rameswar Ahir, a former [[bandit]], returned after serving twelve years of sentence, in a murder case. Reportedly, Mahto broke down after seeing Ahir, and they decided to work for social change. On 23 February 1971, the first individual assassination was witnessed in Ekwaari, when a ''lathail'' (lathi-wielding assistant of the landlords), Sheopoojan Singh was assassinated and his dead body was found near Sone Canal. A [[Zamindar]], Chittaranjan Singh registered the case against Jagdish Mahto, Rameswar Ahir and their associates, Bhikhari Kahar, Maharaj Mahto and Singhasan Chamar.<ref name="Narayan">{{cite journal|last=Narayan|first=Jitendra|title= "NAXALISM IN BIHAR: A Historical Perspective."|journal=The Indian Journal of Political Science| volume=72|issue= 4|year= 2011|pages=1069–71| jstor=41856541}}</ref>

From 1971 to 1973, nearly fifteen big [[Zamindar]]s were assassinated, and the term "Naxalite" in the context of this particular region, came to denote, 'a person, who fights against sexual oppression'. One reason behind this was assassination of Rajput Zamindars like Thana Singh of [[Jagdishpur]], who is said to be a tyrant. Soon, after these assassinations of the most infamous landlords, the stories about the action of the Naxalite groups, who were understood as the supporters of poor, began to spread in the Dalit enclaves of the village. From Ekwari, the activities of the group (Naxalites) began spreading in other villages too. In a short period of time, the villages like Dallamchak, Sikarhatta, Kolodheri, Nerath and Bahuara also came into the grip of [[left-wing terrorism]].<ref name="Narayan"/>

On 6 May 1973, the Chauri village came into national limelight after a clash, that happened between the
[[Paramilitary forces of India|paramilitary forces]] and the labourers. The deployment of the forces was done by the authorities, in order to investigate the case of grain looting incidents, that were occurring frequently in the village and the regions around it. When the police and paramilitary forces entered the village, in order to arrest the suspected people, involved in grain looting cases, the villagers, mostly belonging to [[Dalit]] and [[Other Backward Class|Backward Castes]] put up a fierce resistance against them.<ref name="Narayan"/>

The root cause of the police intervention was the activism of Ganeshi Dusadh, a [[Comrade]] of Mahto, who was one of the important guriella fighter of the [[Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Liberation|CPI-ML]]. Under Dusadh, the guriellas initiated the drive of looting the hoarded grains of the rich traders, and oraganizing assassinations of the tyrant landlords and [[moneylender]]s. They also confiscated some of the lands of the big landlords and motivated peasants to perform sowing operation on them. The looted grains were also routinely distributed to the needy. Their activities created turmoil in the village for at least six month, until the paramilitary forces arrived in 1973. Apart from the police and paramilitary personnels, the henchmen of the landlords also arrived, in a bid to counter their activities.<ref name="d mello">{{cite book|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=8K07DwAAQBAJ&pg=PT38
|title=India after Naxalbari: Unfinished History
|author=Bernard D'Mello|
publisher=NYU Press|year=2018|
isbn=978-1583677087|access-date=19 July 2022|pages=37–38}}</ref> In hours long battle, between the paramilitary and landlord's henchmen on one side and the labourers and peasants on another, some of the important activists like Lal Mohar Dusadh and Ganeshi Dusadh received bullet injuries. While, Lal Mohar Dusadh died on the spot, Ganeshi Dusadh was declared dead on the way to Hospital.<ref name="Narayan"/>

Other activists like Balkeshwar Dusadh and Dinanath Teli died at the Arrah Hospital on same day. On the side of police and landlords, 19 people were injured.<ref name="Narayan"/> Apart from the sacking of 40 maunds of grain from a rich trader, which instigated the intervention by the security forces, the two years long struggle for the higher wages by the agricultural labourers in the Chauri village also deteriorated social relations between the landlords and the labourers. As a response to the labourers demand to enhance their wages, the landlords had not only refused to do so, but also asked the other landlords from the neighbouring villages to not employ any of the labourers from the village of Chauri, thus forcing an "economic blockade" on them [labourers].<ref name="Sinha"/>

It was this wage struggle, in the course of which local leadership had developed in the state under Ganeshi Dusadh. The landlords, threatened by the dismantling of the cordial relationship between them and the labourers, were searching for an opportunity, which could be utilised to disrupt the leadership of the labourers. The grain looting incident had provided them the excuse to interfere. In May 1973, when the incident took place, the landlords complained to the nearby police station about the robbery and sought intervention in the Dalit enclaves by the police, where according to them, the looted grain was stored.<ref name="Sinha"/>

The police intervened and they [policemen] were assisted by the armed gangs of the landlords as well. According to Sinha, the party armed with guns and lethal weapons, surrounded the ''Harijan Tola'' (rural settlements inhabited by the Dalits), and started beating the men, women and the children. The villagers, mostly Dalits, resisted with their ''[[Baton (law enforcement)|Lathi]]s'' and [[Sickle]]s. One of the landlord pointed toward Dusadh, thereafter he was shot. However, since he was still alive, he was dragged by two landlords towards the nearby Sone Canal, where they mounted on his chest and used their daggers to tore up his stomach. The police and the landlords then [[torture]]d other people; Dinanath Teli, Lalmohar Dusadh and Balkeshwar Dusadh were also tortured and shot.<ref name="Sinha"/>

The police reported that the firing incident was an 'act of self defence' on their part, as the Dalits had [[Bomb]], [[Rifle]]s and other lethal weapons. The killings, however, emboldened the landlords, and in order to regulate the labour- landlord relationship like before, they continued their economic blockade on the Dalits and refused to employ them in their [[agricultural field]]s. In this scenario, the labourers of the neighbouring villages assisted the labourers of Chauri village with food supplies and by refusing to work for the landlords of either their own villages or for the landlords of Chauri.<ref name="Sinha"/> The landlords of Chauri now declared that they won't allow any of the cattles of the Dalits to graze on the village lands, and some incidents of atrocities came out, when the violation of the declaration took place. A labourer was locked up by the landlords, while a woman was raped by another landlord, just because her buffalo had rubbed itself against latter's [[hay]]stack. The police neglected these incidents. Against this background, in 1974, Naxalite pressure increased once again and police also initiated its oppressive measures to dilute the mounting pressure.<ref name="Sinha"/>

In August 1974, on an information, a [[Deputy superintendent of police|Deputy Superintendent of Police]] raided the village of Baruhi. He was informed that a poor peasant, Shyamlal Mahto, had been providing the refuge to Naxalites, and arranging training for the new recruits. The police party surrounded the home of Shyamlal Mahto and a landless labourer named Muni Pasi was shot dead. The increased skirmishes led to deployment of a company of [[Central Reserve Police Force]] (CRP) in the village; Bhojpur police now resorted to home to home campaign, in order to liquidate the [[radicalisation]] of the villagers. A significant operation of the CRP happened in the Pathar village of the Piro police station area, where in an encounter Rameshwar Ahir– one of the founder leader of Bhojpur uprising, was killed. Along with Ahir, a landless labourer Avinash Chamar was also killed.<ref name="Sinha"/><ref name="Mukherjee Yadav">{{cite journal|first=Kalyan Mukherjee|last= Rajendra Singh Yadav|year=1982|title=For reasons of state: Oppression and resistance a study of Bhojpur peasantry, The Journal of Peasant Studies, 9:3|journal=Agrarian Movements in India: Studies on 20th Century Bihar|pages=119–147|doi= 10.1080/03066158208438175|s2cid= 154841960}}</ref>

==Repression by the police==
{{See also|Pararia mass rape (1988)}}
After the death of Rameswar Ahir, police continued their repressive tactics, and on 3 April 1974, the police surrounded Chapra village of the Piro police station area. The siege continued for whole night, and the police kept on warning the alleged Naxalites to surrender themselves, who were allegedly firing at them. After exchanging fire for a couple of hours, four [[Farmworker|landless labourer]]s; Asgu, Sheo Narayan, Lal Mohar and Vishwanath came outside from their hideouts and proceeded towards the policemen for surrender. But, the police made all of them stand in a line, and shot them one by one. In the same year, on 9 April, another landless peasant named Hiranand Dusadh was arrested at [[Arrah]]. The police also shot him at night on the day of his arrest. The killings continued from the side of police, and in May 1974, two more people were shot by them on the allegations of being [[Naxalite]]s, in the Dullamchak village. Babu Rao Chandavar, a [[Sarvodaya]] leader, visiting the village after encounter said the report of encounter to be malicious.<ref name="Sinha"/>

==Spread to other regions==
With time, the struggle against the landlords spread to other regions. The account of George Kunnath from the village called Dumri, located in [[Jehanabad district]] of Bihar reveals the strong presence of the Maoists here. The labourers in the village co-opted with the Maoists and a parallel judicial system was set up in the district by latter, where the tyrant landlords were tried for the atrocities they committed on the Dalit men and women. Kunnath notes that here the armed movement started in 1980 and the Dalits here joined the movement enthusiastically, demanding better [[wage]]s, end of sexual abuse of the Dalit women and discrimination and other such demands. Here also, the upper-caste landlords were the prime accuse of the atrocities and they retaliated against the Dalits and Maoist using their caste based militia, which were backed by state.<ref name="Kunnath 2013 740–752">{{cite journal|title=Anthropology's Ethical Dilemmas: Reflections from the Maoist Fields of India|first=George J.|last=Kunnath|journal=Current Anthropology|year=2013|volume=54|issue=6|pages=740–752|publisher=[[University of Chicago Press]]|doi=10.1086/673860|s2cid=146839550}}</ref>

Kunnath records the presence of discrimination in rural Bihar, while he was working for a Jesuit-inspired literacy program there. He mentions an incident when he was invited for the tea by the villagers of a Brahmin dominated village and when he was served the tea, he noticed that the cup, in which tea was served to him was brought from the same Dalit household, with whom he was staying. According to him, the Brahmins considered him Dalit or [[Untouchability|untouchable]] (as he was staying with Dalits) and thus served him the tea in a separate cup.<ref>{{cite journal|title=Anthropology's Ethical Dilemmas: Reflections from the Maoist Fields of India|first=George J.|last=Kunnath|journal=Current Anthropology|year=2013|volume=54|issue=6|pages=740–752|publisher=[[University of Chicago Press]]|doi=10.1086/673860|s2cid=146839550|quote=I spent the summer vacations in Dalit villages in rural Bihar, working for a Jesuit-inspired literacy program. During one such literacy campaign in a village, I was invited for tea in a Brahmin household. I noticed the cup in which I was to be served tea being brought from the Dalit family I was staying with. My Brahmin host considered me an Untouchable because I was staying with the lower-caste people. He did not want his household utensils “polluted” by my touch. I was shocked. My first experience of caste discrimination left me deeply humiliated and infuriated. I shouted at my Brahmin host that I was not achchuth (Untouchable) and hurried out of his house.}}</ref>

===Maoist courts===
''People's Court'', as noted by George Kunnath were the [[alternative dispute resolution]] mechanism organised by the Maoists in the region, in which the landlords and the victim Dalits used to be the parties. The punishment ranged from being moderate to severe, and in some cases, where the punishment was moderate, it wasn't helpful to deter the feudal ways employed by the landlords. Kunnath has mentioned one such incident, where he was informed by his Dalit companions about a people court being organised secretly, in which he was about to participate. He mentions the reaction of the accused landlords and charges against him and was also made aware by Dalits that the particular accused was tried earlier too, but he was booked once again for the sexual abuse of Dalit women.<ref name="Kunnath 2013 740–752" />
{{blockquote|I had been informed about a forthcoming Maoist people's court in which a landlord was to be tried for allegedly raping a Dalit woman and for various other offenses against Dalit laborers. With my anthropological curiosity, I was looking forward to participating in it. A few days before it was to take place, the accused landlord himself came to meet me. He appeared worried and requested that I personally be present during the court proceedings. He perhaps thought that my presence as a researcher from outside might lead to some kind of leniency in the trial.<ref name="Kunnath 2013 740–752" /> }}

==Aftermath==
After imposition of [[National Emergency]] in India, the repression by police extended. The movement was brought to end after the death of first crop of leaders like Jagdish Mahto, Nirmal Mahto, Fagu Mahto, Chamku Musahar and others. Immediately after that, heavy security forces were deployed in the region to maintain law and order. In order to safeguard their lives and property, landlords organized themselves in village resistance groups, which took the initiative to patrol the troubled areas at night.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=num2I4NFGqIC&pg=PA52 |title=Community Warriors: State, Peasants and Caste Armies in Bihar|author=Ashwani Kumar|
publisher=Anthem Press|year= 2008|
isbn=978-1843317098}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Further reading==
*{{cite book |last1=Kala |first1=Manju |last2=Maharaj |first2=R. N. |last3=Mukherjee |first3=Kalyan |editor-last=Desai |editor-first=A. R. |editor-link=Akshay Ramanlal Desai |title=Agrarian Struggles in India After Independence |year=1986 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-561681-1 |pages=263–274 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TD9uAAAAMAAJ |archive-url=https://archive.org/details/agrarianstruggle0000unse/page/263/mode/1up |archive-date=12 May 2021 |chapter=Peasant Unrest in Bhojpur: A Survey}}
*{{cite book |last=Sinha |first=Arun |editor1-last=Sen |editor1-first=Samar |editor2-last=Panda |editor2-first=Debabrata |editor3-last=Lahiri |editor3-first=Ashish |title=Naxalbari and After: A Frontier Anthology, Vol. 1 |year=1978 |publisher=Kathashilpa |oclc=1150867358 |pages=264–290 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jQaOAAAAMAAJ& |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241007184549/https://books.google.com/books?id=jQaOAAAAMAAJ& |archive-date=7 October 2024 |chapter=The Awakening in Bhojpur |access-date=15 October 2024 |url-status=bot: unknown }}
*{{cite book |last=Das |first=Arvind N. |author-link=Arvind Narayan Das |editor-last=Guha |editor-first=Ranajit |editor-link=Ranajit Guha |title=Subaltern Studies II: Writings on South Asian History and Society |year=1983 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-561502-9 |pages=221–226 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=s1xsQgAACAAJ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241008053904/https://books.google.com/books?id=s1xsQgAACAAJ |archive-date=8 October 2024 |chapter=Agrarian Change from Above and Below; Bihar 1947–78 |access-date=15 October 2024 |url-status=bot: unknown }}
*{{cite book |last=Banerjee |first=Sumanta |title=India’s Simmering Revolution: The Naxalite Uprising |year=1984 |publisher=[[Zed Books]] |isbn=978-0-86232-037-9 |pages=301–305 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PkVmQgAACAAJ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241007170244/https://books.google.com/books?id=PkVmQgAACAAJ |archive-date=7 October 2024 |access-date=15 October 2024 |url-status=bot: unknown }}
*{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=reiwAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA174 |title=Transforming India|author=Sumantra Bose
|publisher=[[Harvard University Press]]|year=2013|
isbn=978-0674728196}}
*{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FGbp9MjhvKAC&pg=PA59| title=The Untouchables: Subordination, Poverty and the State in Modern India|author1=Oliver Mendelsohn|author2=Marika Vicziany|editor=Jan Breman
|publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]]|year=1998|
isbn=0521556716}}

[[Category:Communist rebellions]]
[[Category:Land rights movements]]
[[Category:Naxalite–Maoist insurgency]]
[[Category:Peasant revolts in India]]
[[Category:Political uprisings in India]]
[[Category:Rebellions in India]]
[[Category:Riots and civil disorder in India]]
[[Category:History of Bihar (1947–present)]]
[[Category:Crime in Bihar]]

Anya's Tutorial

2025-07-31T19:27:09Z

Vivekparulekar: Put Up New Pg - done

{{Short description|Psychological thriller directed by Pallavi Gangireddy}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2023}}
{{Infobox television
| image = Anya's Tutorial.jpg
| caption =
| genre = [[Psychological thriller]]
| creator =
| inspired_by =
| director = Pallavi Gangireddy
| writer = [[Sowmya Sharma]]
| screenplay =
| cinematography = Vijay K. Chakravathy
| presenter =
| starring = [[Regina Cassandra]] [[Nivedhithaa Sathish]]
| music = [[Arrol Corelli]]
| country = India
| language = Telugu
| num_episodes =
| executive_producer =
| producer = [[Shobu Yarlagadda and Prasad Devineni|Shobu Yarlagadda]]
| editor = Ravi Teja Girijala
| company = [[Arka Media Works]]
| network = [[Aha (streaming service)|Aha ]]
| released = {{Start date|df=y|2022|07|01}}
}}

'''''Anya’s Tutorial''''' is a 2022 Indian [[Telugu language|Telugu]]-language [[psychological thriller]] directed by Pallavi Gangireddy in her directorial debut. It stars [[Regina Cassandra]] and [[Nivedhithaa Sathish]] in the lead roles. The series was produced by [[Shobu Yarlagadda and Prasad Devineni|Shobhu Yarlagadda]] under the banner of [[Arka Media Works]], with cinematography by Vijay K. Chakravathy and music by [[Arrol Corelli]]. The series was partially reshot and mostly dubbed in Tamil. It premiered on [[Aha (streaming service)|Aha]] on 1 July 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-07-01 |title=OTT Review : Anya's Tutorial - Telugu web series on AHA |url=https://www.123telugu.com/reviews/anyas-tutorial-telugu-web-series-review.html |access-date=2023-02-26 |website=123telugu.com |language=en |archive-date=26 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230226075947/https://www.123telugu.com/reviews/anyas-tutorial-telugu-web-series-review.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-06-30 |title=Anya's Tutorial Review: అన్యాస్ ట్యుటోరియల్ (వెబ్ సీరిస్) |url=https://ntvtelugu.com/reviews/anyas-tutorial-web-series-review-189575.html |access-date=2023-02-26 |website=NTV Telugu |language=te-IN |archive-date=26 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230226082914/https://ntvtelugu.com/reviews/anyas-tutorial-web-series-review-189575.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Cast ==

=== Main ===

* [[Regina Cassandra]] as Madhu<ref>{{Cite web |title=Cover: Regina Cassandra rules OTT with Fingertip Season 2 and upcoming horror web-series, Anya's Tutorial |url=https://www.indulgexpress.com/entertainment/cinema/2022/jun/17/regina-cassandra-is-on-a-rolltamil-series-fingertip-season-2-begins-streaming-today-and-41493.html |access-date=2023-02-26 |website=www.indulgexpress.com |date=16 June 2022 |language=en |archive-date=26 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230226082841/https://www.indulgexpress.com/entertainment/cinema/2022/jun/17/regina-cassandra-is-on-a-rolltamil-series-fingertip-season-2-begins-streaming-today-and-41493.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
* [[Kamakshi Bhaskarla]] as Nikitha
* [[Nivedhithaa Sathish]] as Lavanya
* Prassadh
* Sameer Malla

=== Recurring ===

* [[Anuj Gurwara]] as Anuj
* Phalguni Naidu
* Sriteja Prassadh
* Lavanya Reddy

== Episodes ==

=== Season 1 (2023) ===
{{Episode table|background=#F0D107|overall=|title=|director=|writer=|airdate=|episodes={{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 1
|Title = Deyyalu levu, Bhootalu levu
|DirectedBy = Pallavi Gangireddy
|WrittenBy = Sowmya Sharma
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|df=yes|2022|7|1}}
|ShortSummary =
|LineColor = F0D107
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 2
|Title = #girlinahauntedhouse
|DirectedBy = Pallavi Gangireddy
|WrittenBy = Sowmya Sharma
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|df=yes|2022|7|1}}
|ShortSummary =
|LineColor = F0D107
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 3
|Title = Sevam ela paaripotundi?
|DirectedBy = Pallavi Gangireddy
|WrittenBy = Sowmya Sharma
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|df=yes|2022|7|1}}
|ShortSummary =
|LineColor = F0D107
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 4
|Title = Followers kosame na idantha?
|DirectedBy = Pallavi Gangireddy
|WrittenBy = Sowmya Sharma
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|df=yes|2022|7|1}}
|ShortSummary =
|LineColor = F0D107
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 5
|Title = #findtheevilsister
|DirectedBy = Pallavi Gangireddy
|WrittenBy = Sowmya Sharma
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|df=yes|2022|7|1}}
|ShortSummary =
|LineColor = F0D107
}}{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 6
|Title = #justiceforanya
|DirectedBy = Pallavi Gangireddy
|WrittenBy = Sowmya Sharma
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|df=yes|2022|7|1}}
|ShortSummary =
|LineColor = F0D107
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 7
|Title = It's too late
|DirectedBy = Pallavi Gangireddy
|WrittenBy = Sowmya Sharma
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|df=yes|2022|7|1}}
|ShortSummary =
|LineColor = F0D107
}}}}

== Reception ==

=== Critical response ===
Sangeetha Devi Dundoo of ''[[The Hindu]]'' in her review stated that "The series leaves questions unanswered, with ample scope for the story to be continued in Season Two. Not all of ''Anya’s Tutorial'' is convincing or absorbing, but as it progresses, it emerges as one of the better series in the Telugu digital space."<ref>{{Cite news |last=Dundoo |first=Sangeetha Devi |date=2022-07-01 |title='Anya's Tutorial' web series review: Nivedhithaa Satish and Regina Cassandra perk up the horror drama |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/reviews/anyas-tutorial-web-series-review-intriguing-slow-burn-horror-drama/article65585738.ece |access-date=2023-02-26 |issn=0971-751X |archive-date=29 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221129014451/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/reviews/anyas-tutorial-web-series-review-intriguing-slow-burn-horror-drama/article65585738.ece |url-status=live }}</ref>

Paul Nicodemus of ''[[The Times of India]]'' rated the series 3.0/5 and wrote "The plot had enough to engage the audience with its layered past and present narration, but some might find it confusing and leaves room for ambiguity, unlike what’s written on Anya’s social media bio Things are simple; do not complicate them."<ref>{{Cite news |title=Anya's Tutorial Season 1 Review : This bilingual horror thriller is fascinating for the most part but fizzles out towards the end |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/web-series/reviews/telugu/anyas-tutorial/anyas-tutorial-season-1/seasonreview/92601669.cms |access-date=2023-02-26 |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=26 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230226075945/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/web-series/reviews/telugu/anyas-tutorial/anyas-tutorial-season-1/seasonreview/92601669.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>

Ram Venkat Srikar of ''[[The Indian Express|Cine Express]]'' gave the series 3 stars out of five and wrote "''Anya’s Tutorial'', as a horror show, posits some interesting ideas on the table and comes close to realising some of them. A tense atmosphere from start to finish, however, ensures that it holds our attention as the horror unravels before fizzling out towards the end."<ref>{{Cite web |title=Anya's Tutorial Series Review: A nerve-racking horror tale that demanded a better closure |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/telugu/review/2022/jul/01/anyas-tutorial-series-review-a-nerve-racking-horror-tale-that-demanded-a-better-closure-32462.html |access-date=2023-02-26 |website=[[Cinema Express]] |date=July 2022 |language=en |archive-date=26 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230226080619/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/telugu/review/2022/jul/01/anyas-tutorial-series-review-a-nerve-racking-horror-tale-that-demanded-a-better-closure-32462.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

A reviewer for ''ABP Live'' rated the series 2/5, stating "The cast, high production values and music are impressive. Even if the story disappoints...the making and taking are top class, so it engages to some extent."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Desam |first=A. B. P. |date=2022-07-01 |title='అన్యాస్ ట్యుటోరియల్' రివ్యూ: రెజీనా, నివేదితా సతీష్ భయపెట్టారా? లేదా? |url=https://telugu.abplive.com/movie-review/entertainment/anya-s-tutorial-web-series-review-regina-cassandra-nivedhithaa-sathish-starrer-aha-original-series-anya-s-tutorial-review-in-telugu-40015 |access-date=2023-02-26 |website=telugu.abplive.com |language=te |archive-date=22 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240122061945/https://telugu.abplive.com/movie-review/entertainment/anya-s-tutorial-web-series-review-regina-cassandra-nivedhithaa-sathish-starrer-aha-original-series-anya-s-tutorial-review-in-telugu-40015 |url-status=live }}</ref>

Akanksha Senugupta of ''[[ThePrint|The Print]]'' in her review stated "Despite a stellar cast and convincing performances by Nivedithaa Satish and Regina Cassandra, the storyline simply ruptures."{{fact|date=December 2023}}

== Release ==
Along with the original version in [[Telugu language|Telugu]], the series is also available in [[Hindi]] dubbed version titled as '[[Anya's_Tutorial|Anyaa]]' streaming on [[Ultra Media & Entertainment|Ultra Play]] & in [[Marathi language|Marathi]] language titled as '[[Anya's_Tutorial|Lavanya]]' streaming on [[Ultra Media & Entertainment|Ultra Jhakaas]] app respectively.

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|id=21048590}}
* ''[https://www.aha.video/webseries/anyas-tutorial-te Anya's Tutorial]'' at [[aha (streaming service)|Aha Telugu]]
* ''[https://www.ultraplay.in/series/anyaa/pyhrafacm3co Anyaa (Hindi)]'' at [[Ultra_Media_%26_Entertainment |Ultra Play OTT]]
* ''[https://www.ultrajhakaas.com/series/lavanya/aibxbi0ngcpv Lavanya (Marathi)]'' at [[Ultra_Media_%26_Entertainment |Ultra Jhakaas]]

[[Category:Telugu-language web series]]
[[Category:Tamil-language television series]]
[[Category:Indian psychological thriller films]]

Gamit language

2025-07-27T17:30:41Z

Vivekparulekar: quick update

{{Short description|Bhil language of India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2017}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2017}}
{{Infobox language
|name=Gamit
|nativename=
|states=India
|region=[[Gujarat]], [[Maharashtra]]
|ethnicity=[[Gamit]]
|speakers={{sigfig|139,000|2}}
|date=2011 census
|ref=e25
|familycolor=Indo-European
|fam2=[[Indo-Iranian languages|Indo-Iranian]]
|fam3=[[Indo-Aryan languages|Indo-Aryan]]
|fam4=[[Western Indo-Aryan languages|Western]]<ref name=e25/>
|fam5=[[Bhil languages|Bhil]]
|script=[[Devanagari]], [[Gujarati alphabet|Gujarati]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://scriptsource.org/cms/scripts/page.php?item_id=language_detail&key=gbl|title=ScriptSource - Gamit|access-date =2017-02-13}}</ref>
|iso3=gbl
|glotto=gami1242
|glottorefname=Gamit
}}

'''Gamit''' is a [[Bhil languages|Bhil]] language of India, spoken by the Gamit people of [[Tapi district]] of [[Gujarat]] and by some people in [[Surat district|Surat]], [[Bharuch district|Bharuch]], [[Dang district, India|Dang]] and [[Valsad district]]s of southern [[Gujarat]]. It is also spoken in [[Nandurbar district|Nandurbar]] and by some people in [[Dhule district]] in northern [[Maharashtra]]. Some example of Gamit language story can be found at https://indiantribalheritage.org/?p=25003{{Dead link|date=July 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indiantribalheritage.org/?p=25003|title=EBook | the Gamit Adivasis: A community with its own stories of origin – Gujarat | Tribal Cultural Heritage in India Foundation}}{{Dead link|date=July 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Indo-Aryan languages}}

[[Category:Languages of India]]
[[Category:Languages of Gujarat]]
[[Category:Bhil]]
[[Category:Languages written in Devanagari]]

{{IndoAryan-lang-stub}}

Quatre poèmes hindous

2025-06-19T20:07:16Z

Vivekparulekar: put up initial article more to come

{{Italic title}}
{{Use Canadian English|date=May 2016}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2016}}

[[File:Delage - Quatre poèmes hindous.PNG|thumb|alt=|Cover to the original 1914 edition of ''Quatre poèmes hindous'']]

The '''''Quatre poèmes hindous''''' ("Four Hindu poems") are a cycle of ''[[mélodie]]s'' by the French composer [[Maurice Delage]] for soprano and [[Chamber music|chamber ensemble]] of two flutes, oboe, two clarinets, harp, and string quartet. Delage composed it in 1912 while he was visiting India. It is considered his first masterwork, and it remains the best known and most recorded of his works.

==Structure==

=== Titles and dedications ===

# Madras – "Une belle ..." (stanza 22{{sfn|Regnaud|1875|p=7}} by [[Bhartṛhari]]), dedicated to [[Maurice Ravel]]
# Lahore – "Un sapin isolé ..." (poem by [[Heinrich Heine|Heine]]<ref>[http://www.recmusic.org/lieder/get_text.html?TextId=36687 ''Ein Fichtenbaum steht einsam'']{{dead link|date=July 2016 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, {{lang|de|Lyrisches Intermezzo}}, No. 33.</ref>)
# Bénarès – ''Naissance de Bouddha'' (anonymous), dédié à [[Florent Schmitt]]
# Jeypur – "Si vous pensez à elle ..." (stanza 73{{sfn|Regnaud|1875|p=24}} by Bhartṛhari), dedicated to [[Igor Stravinsky]].

The performance lasts just under nine minutes.

===Composition===

At the end of the [[French Third Republic]], the [[Far East]] was in fashion in France, particularly in certain artistic circles.{{sfn|Rodriguez|2001|p=37}} The French composer [[Maurice Delage]] (1879–1961) travelled to [[British Raj|British India]] at the end of 1911, largely funded by his father,{{efn|Joseph Delage, the composer's father, owned the "Cirage du ''Lion noir''" et "Crème du ''Lion noir''" brands of [[shoe polish]], the source of the family's fortune.}} who accompanied him.{{sfn|Rodriguez|2001|p=7}} The visit lasted until May 1913.{{sfn|Rodriguez|2001|p=38}} Delage named the ''mélodies'' he composed after the cities he was visiting when he composed them: [[Jaipur]] ("Jeypur"), [[Varanasi]] ("Bénarès"), [[Lahore]], and [[Chennai]] ("Madras").

According to Philippe Rodriguez, the trip allowed the young composer to "reduce as much as possible an inferiority complex"{{efn|{{in lang|fr}} "{{lang|fr|réduire autant que possible un complexe d'infériorité}}"}} he suffered from, despite encouragement from [[Maurice Ravel]], thanks to "the authenticity of an exoticism drawn from the source".{{efn|{{in lang|fr}} "{{lang|fr|l'authenticité d'un ''exotisme'' puisée à la source|italic=unset}}"{{sfn|Rodriguez|2001|p=38}} }}{{sfn|Rodriguez|2001|p=38}} Rodriguez states the ''Quatre poèmes hindous'' represent "one of the first attempts to introduce the melodic and rhythmic forms of [[Music of India|Indian music]] to the language of Western music".{{efn|{{in lang|fr}} "{{lang|fr|une des toutes premières tentatives visant à introduire les formes mélodiques et rythmiques de la musique de l'Inde dans le langage de la musique occidentale}}"{{sfn|Rodriguez|2001|p=50}} }}{{sfn|Rodriguez|2001|p=50}}

Delage likely had a piano, as he felt himself unable to compose without a keyboard{{sfn|Rodriguez|2001|p=51}} He first made a version for soprano and piano{{sfn|Gallois|1998|p=7}} and then magnified it with a rich harmonic instrumentation. The technique of the instruments, all solo, is so exact that the harmonic instrumentation seems to have been specified very early.{{sfn|Rodriguez|2001|p=52}} The dates of composition are in the reverse order of the sequence of the ''mélodies'': "Si vous pensez à elle ..." and ''Naissance de Bouddha'' were completed in January 1912, "Un sapin isolé ..." in February, and "Une belle ..." in March.{{sfn|Rodriguez|2001|p=51}}

===Instrumentation===

The instrumental formation is reduced effectively to [[chamber music]], in which the piano is excluded.{{sfn|Rodriguez|2001|p=52}} Michel Duchesneau sees in this the influence of [[Arnold Schönberg|Schönberg]]'s ''[[Pierrot Lunaire]]'', which premièred in Vienna on 16 December 1912 and which motivated Ravel and Stravinsky to compose their own poems during 1913. The work of Schönberg was also to have been included in the 1914 concert programme.{{sfn|Duchesneau|1997|p=172}} [[Alexis Roland-Manuel]] refuted this influence on Delage, while [[Marius Flothuis]] sees the instrumental ensemble as closer to that which Ravel used in 1905 for his ''[[Introduction and Allegro (Ravel)|Introduction and Allegro]]'',{{sfn|Flothuis|1996|p=183}} which is left to flute, clarinet, harp, and string quartet.

{| bgcolor="#f7f8ff" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" border="2" width="60%" style="text-align: center; font-size: 95%; border: #cccccc solid 1px; border-collapse: collapse; margin: 1em auto;"
|-
|- bgcolor="#D9FFB2"
![[Maurice Delage]]
![[Arnold Schönberg]]
![[Maurice Ravel]]
![[Igor Stravinsky]]
|-
|- bgcolor="#FFECB2"
! scope="col" |''Quatre poèmes hindous''
! scope="col" |''Pierrot Lunaire''
! scope="col" |''[[Trois poèmes de Mallarmé]]''
! scope="col" |''Trois poésies de la lyrique japonaise''
|-
|-
| [[Flute]] || flute (also piccolo) || flute || flute
|-
| [[Piccolo]] || || 2nd flute (also piccolo) || 2nd flute
|-
| [[Oboe]] (aussi [[cor anglais]]) || || ||
|-
| [[Clarinet]] || clarinet (also bass clarinet) || clarinet || clarinet
|-
| [[Bass clarinet]] || || 2nd clarinet (also bass clarinet) || 2nd clarinet
|-
| [[Harp]] || [[piano]] || piano || piano
|-
| First [[violin]] || violin (also viola) || First violin || First violin
|-
| 2nd violin || || 2nd violin || 2nd violin
|-
| [[Viola]] || || viola || viola
|-
| [[Cello]] || cello || cello|| cello
|}

== Première ==
The première took place on 14 January 1914 at the inaugural concert of the [[Société musicale indépendante]] (SMI). It was performed by [[Rose Féart]] and was conducted by [[Désiré-Émile Inghelbrecht]]. The premières of Florent Schmitt's ''[[Le Petit Elfe Ferme-l'œil]]'', Ravel's ''[[Trois poèmes de Mallarmé]]'', and [[Igor Stravinsky|Stravinsky]]'s {{interlanguage link|Three Japanese Lyrics|fr|Trois poésies de la lyrique japonaise|lt=''Three Japanese Lyrics''}} took place at the same concert.{{sfn|Rodriguez|2001|p=51}}

It was a great success for Delage, who was still largely unknown. [[Émile Vuillermoz]] commented on both the score and the public reception: "These four ''mélodies'' deserve careful study. So much poetry and freshness, so much fine sensibility in a harmonic vocabulary of a taste so exquisite that even the listeners least sympathetic to this kind sport were wont to comptemplate a second time the lone fir tree 'Lahore'."{{efn|{{in lang|fr}} "{{lang|fr|Ces quatre mélodies mériteraient une étude minutieuse. Tant de poésie et de fraîcheur, tant de fine sensibilité s'y avouent dans un vocabulaire harmonique d'une saveur si exquise que les auditeurs les moins entraînés et les moins sympathiques à ce genre de sport voulurent contempler une seconde fois le sapin solitaire de ''Lahore''|italic=unset}}"{{sfn|Vuillermoz|1914|p=2}} }}{{sfn|Vuillermoz|1914|p=2}}

[[Michel-Dimitri Calvocoressi]] summarized: "One of the great successes of the evening was for Maurice Delage's ''Quatre poèmes hindous'', savoury and full of emotion, admirably performed ... The audience, charmed, called for an encore of the ''mélodies'', and would gladly have had encores of the others.{{efn|{{in lang|fr}} "{{lang|fr|Un des gros succès de la soirée fut pour les ''Quatre poèmes hindous'' de Maurice Delage, savoureux et pleins d'émotion, admirablement interprétés ... L'auditoire, charmé, fit bisser une des mélodies et eût volontiers fait bisser les autres|italic=unset}}"{{sfn|Calvocoressi|1914|p={{page needed|date=May 2016}} }} }}{{sfn|Calvocoressi|1914|p={{page needed|date=May 2016}} }}

==Overview==

===Poems===

'''1. Madras'''

{|
|- style="vertical-align: top;"
|+
|-
! scope="col" | French
! scope="col" | English{{sfn|Johnson|Stokes|2002|p=127}}
|- style="vertical-align: top;"
|
:{{lang|fr|Une belle à la taille svelte se promène sous les arbres de la forêt,}}
:{{lang|fr|en se reposant de temps en temps.}}
:{{lang|fr|Ayant relevé de la main les trois voiles d'or qui lui couvrent les seins,}}
:{{lang|fr|elle renvoie à la lune les rayons dont elle était baignée.}}
|
:A beautiful woman, with a slim waist, walks beneath the forest trees,
:halting to rest from time to time.
:Lifting with her hand the three golden veils that cover her breasts,
:she reflects back to the moon the rays in which she was bathed.
|-
|}

'''2. Lahore'''

{|
|- style="vertical-align: top;"
|+
|-
! scope="col" | French
! scope="col" | German
! scope="col" | English{{sfn|Johnson|Stokes|2002|p=127}}
|- style="vertical-align: top;"
|
:{{lang|fr|Un sapin isolé se dresse sur une montagne}}
:{{lang|fr|Aride du nord. Il sommeille.}}
:{{lang|fr|La glace et la neige l'environnent}}
:{{lang|fr|d'un manteau blanc.}}

:{{lang|fr|Il rêve d'un palmier qui, là-bas,}}
:{{lang|fr|Dans l'Orient lointain, se désole,}}
:{{lang|fr|solitaire et taciturne,}}
:{{lang|fr|sur la pente de son rocher brûlant.}}
|
:{{lang|de|Ein Fichtenbaum steht einsam}}
:{{lang|de|Im Norden auf kahler Höh';}}
:{{lang|de|Ihn schläfert; mit weißer Decke}}
:{{lang|de|Umhüllen ihn Eis und Schnee.}}

:{{lang|de|Er träumt von einer Palme,}}
:{{lang|de|Die fern im Morgenland,}}
:{{lang|de|Einsam und schweigend trauert}}
:{{lang|de|Auf brennender Felsenwand.}}
|
:A lonely fir-tree stands on a mountain's
:Barren northern heights. And drowses.
:Ice and snow envelop it
:In a white blanket.

:It dreams of a palm-tree which grieves
:Far away in the distant East,
:Solitary and silent
:On a blazing rocky wall.
|-
|}

'''3. Bénarès'''

{|
|- style="vertical-align: top;"
|+
|-
! scope="col" | French
! scope="col" | English{{sfn|Johnson|Stokes|2002|p=128}}
|- style="vertical-align: top;"
|
:{{lang|fr|En ce temps-là fut annoncée la venue de Bouddha sur la terre.}}
:{{lang|fr|Il se fit dans le ciel un grand bruit de nuages.}}
:{{lang|fr|Les Dieux, agitant leurs éventails et leurs vêtements,}}
:{{lang|fr|répandirent d'innombrables fleurs merveilleuses.}}
:{{lang|fr|Des parfums mystérieux et doux se croisèrent comme des lianes}}
:{{lang|fr|dans le souffle tiède de cette nuit de printemps.}}
:{{lang|fr|La perle divine de la pleine lune s'arrêta sur le palais de marbre}}
:{{lang|fr|gardé par vingt mille éléphants pareils à des collines grises}}
:{{lang|fr|de la couleur des nuages.}}
|
:It was then that the coming of Buddha was announced on earth.
:The sky filled with a great clamour of clouds.
:The Gods, flourishing their fans and robes,
:Scattered innumerable marvellous flowers.
:Mysterious and sweet scents intermingled like creepers
:in the warm breath of that spring night.
:The sacred pearl of the full moon hung above the marble palace,
:guarded by twenty thousand elephants ike grey hills
:the colour of clouds.
|-
|}

'''4. Jeypur'''

{|
|- style="vertical-align: top;"
|+
|-
! scope="col" | French
! scope="col" | English{{sfn|Johnson|Stokes|2002|p=128}}
|- style="vertical-align: top;"
|
:{{lang|fr|Si vous pensez à elle, vous éprouvez un douloureux tourment.}}
:{{lang|fr|Si vous la voyez, votre esprit se trouble.}}
:{{lang|fr|Si vous la touchez, vous perdez la raison.}}
:{{lang|fr|Comment peut-on l'appeler bien-aimée ?}}
|
:If you think of her, you feel an aching torment.
:If you see her, you grow distracted.
:If you touch her, you lose you your reason.
:How can you call her beloved?
|-
|}

===Music===

The {{lang|fr|mélodies}} are short, as are the poems Delage chose. Even the longest amongst them, an anonymous story about the birth of [[Buddha]], foolows a clear melodic line, hardly troubled by the diaereses placed under certain words ("mystéri-eux", "li-anes"). The prose also inspired the composer to attempt exotic rhythms, with a [[quintuple meter]], the use of ''[[pizzicato]]'' [[harmonic]]s on the strings, and colouring principles Ravel had used in his ''[[Chansons madécasses]]''.{{sfn|Flothuis|1996|p=184}}

By placing the two Bhartṛhari stanzas at the beginning and the end of the cycle, Delage shows a concern for formal balance, which is translated musically by the return of a phrase given to the flute in the first and last bars of ''Quatre poèmes hindous'', "in an entirely judicious manner",{{efn|{{in lang|fr}} "{{lang|fr|de façon tout-à-fait judicieuse}}"{{sfn|Flothuis|1996|p=185}} }} according to Flothuis:{{sfn|Flothuis|1996|p=185}}

[[File:Madras - flûte solo.PNG|thumb|center|upright=4|Opening measures of "Madras"]]

"Lahore" stands out from the other ''mélodies'', lasting nearly four minutes. The [[Heinrich Heine|Heine]] poem, subtly ironic in its parallel of the fir numbed with cold and the palm under the burning sun, allows Delage to evoke the Far East with luxurious arpeggios on the harp. The end of the poem opens on a very pure, unaccompanied vocalization (bars 43 to 55 in the score) in which the singer must adjust her ''[[tessitura]]'' and sing ''à bouche fermée'' ("with mouth closed"), then ''bouche ouverte'' ("mouth open"), "closing the mouth bit by bit". This novel effect stunned its first audiences.{{sfn|Rodriguez|2001|p=56}}

[[File:Lahore - vocalise.PNG|thumb|center|upright=4|Vocal finale of "Lahore"]]

The instrumental accompaniment is of great refinement. According to Vuillermoz, "Mr. Delage is a veritable child of the 20th century, with the instinctive ease of his ''delectable'' handling of dissonance, his curiosity with rare timbres, his desire to push back sonic boundaries, his skillful annexation of neighbouring lands in the unexplored domains of noise. His impatience with the yoke in the presence of the imperfections of our musical material is characteristic; he loosens the bow of his viola to B he invents a ''pizzicato-glissando'' which pulls from the string an almost human sob, he demands closed-mouth vocalizations from the female voice, and sometimes imposes on it a veiled nasal tone of an invisible mute, and all without a laborious strangeness, without bias, and virtually without searching."{{efn|{{in lang|fr}} "{{lang|fr|M. Delage réalise très exactement le type de l'enfant du siècle—le XXe—avec son aisance instinctive dans le maniement de la dissonance "délectable", sa curiosité des timbres rares, son désir de reculer les frontières du son et de s'annexer adroitement les terrains limitrophes dans le beau domaine inexploré du bruit. Son impatience du joug en présence des imperfections de notre matériel musical est caractéristique : Il détend jusqu'au si l'arc de son violoncelle, il invente un pizzicato-glissando qui arrache à la corde un petit sanglot presque humain, il réclame de la voix féminine des vocalises à bouche fermée et lui impose parfois le doux nasillement voilé d'une sourdine invisible, et tout cela sans étrangeté laborieuse, sans parti pris et pour ainsi dire sans recherche}}"{{sfn|Vuillermoz|1914|p=2}} }}{{sfn|Vuillermoz|1914|p=2}}

Delage learned music by playing and improvising on his viola.{{sfn|Rodriguez|2001|p=9}} From this he got the ''pizzicato-glissando'' which, at the beginning of "Lahore", provides a "Hindu" colour, far from pastiche—and impossible to reproduce on piano.

[[File:Delage - Lahore, violoncelle solo.PNG|thumb|center|upright=4|Opening measures of "Lahore"]]

==Critical analysis==

The reception of ''Quatre poèmes hindous'' was favourable overall,{{sfn|Rodriguez|2001|p=53}} though not unanimously so. {{interlanguage link|Paul Martineau (composer)|fr|Paul Martineau (compositeur)|lt=Paul Martineau}} expressed reservations over the work for its brevity and delicately transparent character: "I must admit that after hearing Maurice Delage's Hindu ''mélodies'', I was still waiting for the masterpiece announced! ... I will not dwell on these pieces, which are short but still too long for meagre musical interest they offer."{{efn|{{in lang|fr}} "{{lang|fr|Je dois avouer qu'après avoir entendu les mélodies hindoues de M. Maurice Delage, j'étais encore dans l'attente du chef-d'œuvre annoncé ! ... Je n'insisterai pas sur ces morceaux courts mais pourtant trop longs pour le maigre intérêt musical qu'ils offrent}}"{{sfn|Martineau|1914|p={{page needed|date=May 2016}} }} }}{{sfn|Martineau|1914|p={{page needed|date=May 2016}} }} Such a negative criticism was isolated in 1914{{sfn|Rodriguez|2001|p=55}} but taken up by numerous critics of Delage's ''[[Sept haï-kaïs]]'' of 1925, which are even shorter. Delage's music has thus acquired a reputation of being "preciocities" and "sound trinkets", the "breathless" work of an amateur music.{{sfn|Rodriguez|2001|p=126}} This is contradicted by his ''Contrerimes'' for piano (1927), which lasts 20 minutes, and especially his string quartet from 1949, which lasts nearly 55 minutes.

In 1960, Paul Pittion reviewed Delage's works, and wrote of the ''Quatre poèmes hindous'': "Maurice Delage has produced little, but his ''mélodies'', along with those of [[Henri Duparc (composer)|Henri Duparc]], are masterworks of vocal and polyphonic composition, as well as of sensitivity."{{efn|{{in lang|fr}} "{{lang|fr|Maurice Delage a peu produit, mais ses mélodies, au même titre que celles de Duparc, sont des chefs-d'œuvre d'écriture vocale et polyphonique, aussi bien que de sensibilité}}{{sfn|Pittion|1960|p=459}} }}{{sfn|Pittion|1960|p=459}}

==Homages==

In 1937, [[Georges Auric]] gave an account of his impression of the première performance a quarter century earlier: "While nothing is more easily intolerable than false exoticism and this tainted quaintness which has sickened us with its quite mediocre music, there is, under the prestige of an instrumentation of a rare subtlety, a very pure and deep feeling there".{{efn|{{in lang|fr}} "{{lang|fr|Alors que rien n’est plus facilement insupportable que le faux exotisme et ce pittoresque frelaté dont toute une médiocre musique nous a dégoûtés, il y avait là, sous les prestiges d’une instrumentation d’une rare subtilité, un sentiment très pur et profond}}"{{sfn|Auric|1937|p=}} }}{{sfn|Auric|1937|p=}}

According to Michel Duchesneau, the co-premières of the ''Quatre poèmes hindous'', Ravel's ''Trois poèmes de Mallarmé'', and Stravinsky's ''Three Japanese Lyrics'' at the SMI provoked "an evolution" of the French ''mélodie'', understood as "chamber music with voice"{{sfn|Duchesneau|1997|p=176}} until 1939. In 1941, [[Charles Koechlin]] cited the cello's ''pizzicato-glissando'' (or ''pizz. vibrato molto'') passage in his ''Traité de l'orchestration'' as a "characteristic example" of modern composition with ''pizzicato''.

According to Michel Duchesneau, immediately after the work's première, Delage could still enjoy the esteem of the master [[Claude Debussy|Debussy]], whose work had convinced him to devote himself to music.{{sfn|Rodriguez|2001|p=9}} According to [[Paul Landormy]], "Debussy, taken with his ''Poèmes hindous'', asked him one day to play them to him with the music under his eyes. He nearly collapsed ..."{{efn|{{in lang|fr}} "{{lang|fr|Debussy, enthousiasmé de ses ''Poèmes hindous'', lui demanda un jour de les lui jouer, la musique sous les yeux. Il faillit s'effondrer ...|italic=unset}}"{{sfn|Landormy|1943|p=264}} }}{{sfn|Landormy|1943|p=264}}

==Notes==

{{Notelist|colwidth=40em}}

==References==

{{Reflist|colwidth=20em}}

==Works cited==

{{Refbegin|colwidth=40em}}

* {{cite news
|last = Auric
|first = Georges
|author-link = Georges Auric
|title = Souvenirs sur Maurice Delage
|newspaper = Marianne
|date = 1937-03-17
|language = fr
}}
* {{cite news
|last = Calvocoressi
|first = Michel-Dimitri
|author-link = Michel-Dimitri Calvocoressi
|title = Compte-rendu du Concert de la SMI
|newspaper = Comœdia
|language = fr
|date = 1914-02-05
}}
* {{cite book
|last = Duchesneau
|first = Michel
|title = L'Avant-garde musicale et ses sociétés à Paris de 1871 à 1939
|publisher = Éditions Mardaga
|year = 1997
|language = fr
|isbn = 2-87009-634-8
}}
* {{cite book
|last = Flothuis
|first = Marius
|title = "Exprimer l'inexprimable": Essai sur la mélodie française depuis Duparc
|publisher = Rodopi BV
|year = 1996
|isbn = 90-420-0087-2
|language = fr
}}
* {{cite AV media notes
|editor-last = Gallois
|editor-first = Jean
|language = fr
|title = Maurice Delage: L'exquis musicien de la qualité
|year = 1998
|publisher = Timpani
}}
* {{cite book
|last1 = Johnson
|first1 = Graham
|last2 = Stokes
|first2 = Richard
|title = A French Song Companion
|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=0keO46ekxkwC
|year = 2002
|publisher = [[Oxford University Press]]
|isbn = 978-0-19-924966-4
}}
* {{cite book
|last = Landormy
|first = Paul
|author-link = Paul Landormy
|title = La Musique française après Debussy
|publisher = Gallimard
|year = 1943
|oclc = 3659976
|language = fr
}}
* {{cite news
|last = Martineau
|first = Paul
|author-link = Paul Martineau (composer)
|title = Compte-rendu du Concert de la SMI
|newspaper = [[Le Monde musical]]
|date = 1914-01-30
}}
* {{cite book
|last = Pittion
|first = Paul
|title = La Musique et son histoire: tome II — de Beethoven à nos jours
|publisher = Éditions Ouvrières
|year = 1960
|language = fr
}}
* {{citation
|last = Regnaud
|first = Paul
|title = Les Stances érotiques, morales et religieuses de Bhartrihari, ''traduites du sanscrit''
|publisher = E. Leroux
|year = 1875
|url = http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k5778068p
|page = 116
|language = fr
}}
* {{cite book
|last = Rodriguez
|first = Philippe
|title = Maurice Delage: La Solitude de l'artisan
|publisher = Papillon
|series = Mélophiles
|language = fr
|year = 2001
|isbn = 2-940310-08-4
}}
* {{cite news
|last = Vuillermoz
|first = Émile
|author-link = Émile Vuillermoz
|title = La Musique au Concert
|newspaper = Comœdia
|page = 2
|language = fr
|date = 1914-01-19
|url = http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k7652896h/f2.item
|access-date = 2016-05-30
}}

{{Refend}}

{{Portal bar|Classical music|France|India|Poetry}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Quatre poemes hindous}}
[[Category:Compositions by Maurice Delage]]
[[Category:1912 compositions]]
[[Category:Classical song cycles in French]]
[[Category:Music based on poems]]
[[Category:Songs with instrumental ensemble]]

List of Deccan Chargers cricketers

2025-05-04T09:20:37Z

Vivekparulekar: refine references after review

{{Short description|none}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2013}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2022}}
[[File:Kumar Sangakkara.jpg|180px|thumb|[[Kumar Sangakkara]] was the captain of the Deccan Chargers during their last season.|alt=A side view of Kumar Sangakkara in blue clothes, holding a bat against the background of green grass and light yellow pitch.]]

The [[Deccan Chargers|Hyderabad Deccan Chargers]] (often abbreviated as DC) was a franchise [[cricket]] team based in [[Hyderabad]], [[Telangana]], that competed in the [[Indian Premier League]] (IPL) from 2008 to 2012.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ipl/content/story/333193.html|title=Big business and Bollywood grab stakes in IPL|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|date=24 January 2008|access-date=11 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180924082133/http://www.espncricinfo.com/ipl/content/story/333193.html|archive-date=24 September 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> The team was owned by [[Deccan Chronicle|Deccan Chronicle Holdings Limited]] who won the bid for the Hyderabad franchise at {{USD}}107 million.<ref name="inception">{{cite news|title=Indian Premier League: How it all started|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/ipl-history/Indian-Premier-League-How-it-all-started/articleshow/19337875.cms|access-date=11 September 2018|website=The Times of India|date=2 April 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180912100617/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/ipl-history/Indian-Premier-League-How-it-all-started/articleshow/19337875.cms|archive-date=12 September 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> [[VVS Laxman]] and [[Robin Singh (cricketer)|Robin Singh]] were appointed as the [[Captain (cricket)|captain]] and the coach for their [[2008 Indian Premier League|first season]] in 2008.<ref name="inception"/> After finishing last in that season, the DC sacked their coach and removed their captain and replaced them with [[Darren Lehmann]] and [[Adam Gilchrist]] under whom they won their only IPL title in 2009, when they defeated the [[Royal Challengers Bangalore]] by six runs in the [[2009 Indian Premier League final|final]].<ref>{{cite news|last=Krishnan|first=G|title=Lehmann to coach Hyderabad IPL team|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cricket/lehmann-to-coach-hyderabad-ipl-team/story-iIVGZE7CJ9IC2mNy13SblK.html|website=Hindustan Times|access-date=11 September 2018|date=27 August 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180821160450/https://www.hindustantimes.com/cricket/lehmann-to-coach-hyderabad-ipl-team/story-iIVGZE7CJ9IC2mNy13SblK.html|archive-date=21 August 2018|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="newcaptain">{{cite web|title=Gilchrist to lead Deccan Chargers|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/india/content/story/371655.html|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=11 September 2018|date=29 September 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180821124739/http://www.espncricinfo.com/india/content/story/371655.html|archive-date=21 August 2018|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Monga|first=Sidharth|title=Deccan snatch title in tense finish|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8048/report/392239/royal-challengers-bangalore-vs-deccan-chargers-final-indian-premier-league-2009|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=11 September 2018|date=24 May 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180821160456/http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8048/report/392239/royal-challengers-bangalore-vs-deccan-chargers-final-indian-premier-league-2009|archive-date=21 August 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> They reached the semi-finals again in 2010 but failed to reach past the group stages before the team was folded in 2012. They qualified for the [[Champions League Twenty20]] only once, for the [[2009 Champions League Twenty20|2009 season]], but failed to advance past the group stage.<ref>{{cite news|title=Bangalore, Delhi and Deccan Chargers to represent India in CL T20|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cricket/bangalore-delhi-and-deccan-chargers-to-represent-india-in-cl-t20/story-mGRbcwVGm4wSbHjNucjGYN.html|website=Hindustan Times|access-date=11 September 2018|date=24 May 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180821160444/https://www.hindustantimes.com/cricket/bangalore-delhi-and-deccan-chargers-to-represent-india-in-cl-t20/story-mGRbcwVGm4wSbHjNucjGYN.html|archive-date=21 August 2018|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Binoy|first=George|title=T&T top group, Deccan crash out|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8082/report/416935/deccan-chargers-vs-trinidad-&-tobago-12th-match-group-a-champions-league-twenty20-2009-10|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=11 September 2018|date=14 October 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180821124738/http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8082/report/416935/deccan-chargers-vs-trinidad-%26-tobago-12th-match-group-a-champions-league-twenty20-2009-10|archive-date=21 August 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> Lehmann remained as the coach for the DC but they were forced to replace Gilchrist with [[Kumar Sangakkara]] in [[2011 Indian Premier League|2011]] after they lost former to the [[Kings XI Punjab]] in the [[List of 2011 Indian Premier League personnel changes|2011 auction]].<ref>{{cite web|last=Binoy|first=George|title=How the squads stack up|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2011/content/story/495840.html|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=11 September 2018|date=9 January 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180911225347/http://www.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2011/content/story/495840.html|archive-date=11 September 2018|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=IPL 4: Kumar Sangakkara looking forward to stint with Deccan Chargers|url=https://www.dnaindia.com/sports/report-ipl-4-kumar-sangakkara-looking-forward-to-stint-with-deccan-chargers-1529067|work=Daily News and Analysis|access-date=11 September 2018|date=6 April 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180911225321/https://www.dnaindia.com/sports/report-ipl-4-kumar-sangakkara-looking-forward-to-stint-with-deccan-chargers-1529067|archive-date=11 September 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> Sangakkara remained as the captain until the middle of the [[2012 Indian Premier League|2012 season]] before he was replaced by [[Cameron White]] following the poor performances.<ref name="SangaWhite">{{cite news|title=Five times big players relinquished IPL captaincy midway|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/cricket/ipl/top-stories/five-times-big-players-relinquished-ipl-captaincy-midway/articleshow/63591190.cms|website=The Times of India|access-date=11 September 2018|date=3 April 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180912051032/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/cricket/ipl/top-stories/five-times-big-players-relinquished-ipl-captaincy-midway/articleshow/63591190.cms|archive-date=12 September 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> Sangakkara later returned as captain as the move did not yield the desired results for the Deccan Chargers.<ref name="SangaWhite"/>

On 15 September 2012, the Deccan Chargers' IPL contract was terminated by the [[Board of Control for Cricket in India]] (BCCI), which was concerned about overdue payments to the players.<ref name="GuardianTerminated">{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2012/sep/15/deccan-chargers-ipl-contract-terminated|title=Deccan Chargers have IPL contract terminated by BCCI|work=The Guardian|date=15 September 2012|access-date=2 October 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151118225207/http://www.theguardian.com/sport/2012/sep/15/deccan-chargers-ipl-contract-terminated|archive-date=18 November 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> The Hyderabad franchise was later acquired by the [[Sun TV Network]] for {{INRConvert|85.05|c|lk=on}} per year in a bid which also retained 20 players.<ref>{{cite news|last=Singh|first=Amitoj|title=Sun TV purchases Hyderabad IPL franchise at Rs 85 crore per year|url=https://sports.ndtv.com/cricket/sun-tv-purchases-hyderabad-ipl-franchise-at-rs-85-crore-per-year-1546108|access-date=31 October 2018|website=NDTV Sports|date=25 October 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181101095723/https://sports.ndtv.com/cricket/sun-tv-purchases-hyderabad-ipl-franchise-at-rs-85-crore-per-year-1546108|archive-date=1 November 2018|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.wisdenindia.com/cricket-news/sun-risers-represent-hyderabad-ipl/40723|title=Sun Risers to represent Hyderabad in IPL|website=Wisden India|access-date=29 October 2017|date=18 December 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170625164705/http://www.wisdenindia.com/cricket-news/sun-risers-represent-hyderabad-ipl/40723|archive-date=25 June 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref>

[[Pragyan Ojha]] made the most appearances for the DC with 56 matches and was also the team's leading [[Wicket#Dismissing a batsman|wicket-taker]] with 62 wickets.<ref name="m w">{{cite web|title=Deccan Chargers / Records / Twenty20 matches / Most wickets|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/bowling/most_wickets_career.html?class=6;id=4347;type=team|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=11 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180911225718/http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/bowling/most_wickets_career.html?class=6;id=4347;type=team|archive-date=11 September 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> Gilchrist was the team's leading [[Run (cricket)|run]] scorer with 1,289 runs while Gilchrist and [[Rohit Sharma]] were the only [[Batting (cricket)|batsmen]] to have scored more than 1,000 runs for the team.<ref name="h runs">{{cite web|title=Deccan Chargers / Records / Twenty20 matches / Most runs|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/batting/most_runs_career.html?class=6;id=4347;type=team|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=11 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180912022017/http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/batting/most_runs_career.html?class=6;id=4347;type=team|archive-date=12 September 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> White's [[batting average (cricket)|batting average]] of 38.86 was the highest for the DC while [[Shahid Afridi]] had the best [[strike rate]] at 176.08 among players who have batted in over five innings for the team.<ref name="h ave">{{cite web|title=Deccan Chargers / Records / Twenty20 matches / Highest average|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/batting/highest_career_batting_average.html?class=6;id=4347;type=team|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=11 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180911225728/http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/batting/highest_career_batting_average.html?class=6;id=4347;type=team|archive-date=11 September 2018|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="h strike rate">{{cite web|title=Deccan Chargers / Records / Twenty20 matches / Highest strike rates|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/batting/highest_career_strike_rate.html?class=6;id=4347;type=team|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=11 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180911225608/http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/batting/highest_career_strike_rate.html?class=6;id=4347;type=team|archive-date=11 September 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Andrew Symonds]] registered the first [[List of Indian Premier League centuries|century]] for the DC when he scored 117 runs off 53 balls which was also the highest individual score for any DC batsman.<ref name="h highest score"/> Gilchrist became the only other centurion for the DC when he reached the three-figure mark three days later.<ref name="h highest score">{{cite web|title=Deccan Chargers / Records / Twenty20 matches / High scores|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/batting/most_runs_innings.html?class=6;id=4347;type=team|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=11 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180911225649/http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/batting/most_runs_innings.html?class=6;id=4347;type=team|archive-date=11 September 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> In [[Bowling (cricket)|bowling]], [[Dale Steyn]] had the best [[bowling average]] (18.25) among the players who have bowled more than 20 overs.<ref name="m w"/><ref name="b a">{{cite web|title=Deccan Chargers / Records / Twenty20 matches / Best averages|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/bowling/best_career_bowling_average.html?class=6;id=4347;type=team|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=11 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180911225635/http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/bowling/best_career_bowling_average.html?class=6;id=4347;type=team|archive-date=11 September 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Ishant Sharma]] was the only bowler to take a [[five-wicket haul]] for the DC.<ref name=5wh>{{cite web|title=Deccan Chargers / Records / Twenty20 matches / Most five-wickets-in-an-innings|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/bowling/best_figures_innings.html?class=6;id=4347;type=team|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=11 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180912022000/http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/bowling/best_figures_innings.html?class=6;id=4347;type=team|archive-date=12 September 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Ashish Reddy]] had the lowest bowling strike rate for the team while Steyn had the best [[Economy rate (cricket)|economy rate]] among the players who bowled over 20 overs at 14.8 and 6.33 respectively.<ref name="h sr">{{cite web|title=Deccan Chargers / Records / Twenty20 matches / Best strike rates|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/bowling/best_career_strike_rate.html?class=6;id=4347;type=team|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=11 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180911225424/http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/bowling/best_career_strike_rate.html?class=6;id=4347;type=team|archive-date=11 September 2018|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="b er">{{cite web|title=Deccan Chargers / Records / Twenty20 matches / Best economy rates|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/bowling/best_career_economy_rate.html?class=6;id=4347;type=team|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=11 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180911225656/http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/bowling/best_career_economy_rate.html?class=6;id=4347;type=team|archive-date=11 September 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Amit Mishra]] was the only bowler to claim a [[List of Indian Premier League records and statistics#Hat-tricks|hat-trick]] for the DC.<ref name="hattrick">{{cite web|last=Talya|first=Siddhartha|title=Dhawan puts Punjab out of contention|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8048/report/501264/kings-xi-punjab-vs-deccan-chargers-67th-match-indian-premier-league-2011|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=11 September 2018|date=21 May 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180911225344/http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8048/report/501264/kings-xi-punjab-vs-deccan-chargers-67th-match-indian-premier-league-2011|archive-date=11 September 2018|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=IPL Most Hat-trick Wickets|url=https://www.cricwindow.com/ipl/most-hat-trick-wkts-iplt20.html|publisher=Cric Window|access-date=11 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180702011441/https://www.cricwindow.com/ipl/most-hat-trick-wkts-iplt20.html|archive-date=2 July 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> In fielding, [[Herschelle Gibbs]] and Rohit Sharma took the most [[Caught|catches]] for the team (22) while Gilchrist had effected 41 [[Dismissal (cricket)|dismissals]], the most for a [[wicket-keeper]], consisting of 27 catches and 14 [[Stumped|stumpings]].<ref name="m cat">{{cite web|title=Deccan Chargers / Records / Twenty20 matches / Most catches|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/fielding/most_catches_career.html?class=6;id=4347;type=team|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=11 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180911225340/http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/fielding/most_catches_career.html?class=6;id=4347;type=team|archive-date=11 September 2018|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="m dis">{{cite web|title=Deccan Chargers / Records / Twenty20 matches / Most dismissals|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/keeping/most_dismissals_career.html?class=6;id=4347;type=team|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=11 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180911225707/http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/keeping/most_dismissals_career.html?class=6;id=4347;type=team|archive-date=11 September 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>

The first list includes all players who played in at least one match for DC and is initially listed alphabetically by their last name.<ref group="lower-greek">Sorting as such may actually be considered incorrect, where their last name is used in a different manner to that of western names, but are listed as such for continuity with other lists and ease of understanding the page.</ref> The second list comprises all those players who captained the team in at least one match, initially arranged in the order of the first match as captain.<ref group=lower-greek>Many players have also represented other teams of the IPL, but only the records of their games for DC are given.</ref><ref group=lower-greek>To sort these tables by any statistic, click on the [[File:Sort both small.svg|link=|alt=Table sort icon]] icon in the column title.</ref><ref group=lower-greek>These statistics are correct as of 21 October 2012, since then no matches have been played by the DC.</ref><ref group=lower-greek>These statistics do not cover practice matches or matches abandoned without a [[Toss (cricket)|toss]].</ref>

==Players==
;Key
* {{dagger}} – [[Captain (cricket)|Captain]]
* {{double-dagger}} – [[Wicket-keeper]]
* '''First''' – Year of DC debut
* '''Last''' – Year of last match for DC
* '''*''' – Batsman remained [[not out]]

{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable"
|+Deccan Chargers capped cricketers
|- style="text-align:center;"
! scope="col" colspan=6 class="unsortable"| General<ref name=list>{{cite web|title=Players who have played for Deccan Chargers|url=http://wcs.councilcricketsocieties.com/Archive/Teams/6/6930/Players.html|publisher=CricketArchive|access-date=20 August 2012|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130119202620/http://wcs.councilcricketsocieties.com/Archive/Teams/6/6930/Players.html|archive-date=19 January 2013|url-status=live}}{{subscription required|s}}</ref>
! scope="col" colspan=6 class="unsortable"| [[Batting (cricket)|Batting]]<ref name="h averege">{{cite web|title=Deccan Chargers / Records / Twenty20 matches / Highest averages|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ipl-hyd/engine/records/batting/highest_career_batting_average.html?class=6;id=4347;type=team|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=19 August 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170301074854/http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ipl-hyd/engine/records/batting/highest_career_batting_average.html?class=6;id=4347;type=team|archive-date=1 March 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>
! scope="col" colspan=4 class="unsortable"| [[Bowling (cricket)|Bowling]]<ref name="b a" />
! scope="col" colspan=2 class="unsortable"| [[Fielding (cricket)|Fielding]]<ref name="m cat" /><ref name="m dis" />
|- style="text-align:center;"
! scope="col"|Name
! scope="col"|Nationality<ref name="nationality" group="lower-greek">The information in the nationality column is according to [[ESPNcricinfo]]. This information may not necessarily reflect the player's birthplace or citizenship.</ref>
! scope="col"|First
! scope="col"|Last
! scope="col"|Mat
! scope="col"|[[Innings|Inn]]
! scope="col"|[[Not out|NO]]
! scope="col"|[[Run (cricket)|Runs]]
! scope="col"|HS
! scope="col"|[[Century (cricket)|100]]
! scope="col"|[[Century (cricket)|50]]
! scope="col"|[[Batting average (cricket)|Avg]]
! scope="col"|[[Delivery (cricket)|Overs]]
! scope="col"|[[Wicket#Dismissing a batsman|Wkt]]
! scope="col"|[[Glossary of cricket terms#best bowling|BBI]]
! scope="col"|[[Bowling average|Ave]]
! scope="col"|[[Caught|Ca]]
! scope="col"|[[Stumped|St]]
|- style="text-align:center;"
! scope="row" style="text-align:left;"| {{sortname|Shahid|Afridi}}
| align="left" | {{cr|PAK}}
| 2008
| 2008
| {{sort|10|10}}
| {{sort|09|9}}
| {{sort|01|1}}
| {{sort|0081|81}}
| {{sort|0330|33}}
| {{sort|00|0}}
| {{sort|00|0}}
| {{sort|01012|10.12}}
| {{sort|0300|30.0}}
| {{sort|09|9}}
| {{sort|372|3/28}}
| {{sort|02500|25.00}}
| {{sort|04|4}}
| {{sort|-01|–}}
|- style="text-align:center;"
! scope="row" style="text-align:left;"| {{sortname|Shoaib|Ahmed|Shoaib Ahmed (Indian cricketer)}}
| align="left" | {{cr|IND}}
| 2009
| 2009
| {{sort|08|8}}
| {{sort|03|3}}
| {{sort|01|1}}
| {{sort|0001|1}}
| {{sort|0011|1*}}
| {{sort|00|0}}
| {{sort|00|0}}
| {{sort|00050|0.50}}
| {{sort|0170|17.0}}
| {{sort|05|5}}
| {{sort|280|2/20}}
| {{sort|03040|30.40}}
| {{sort|04|4}}
| {{sort|-01|–}}
|- style="text-align:center;"
! scope="row" style="text-align:left;"| {{sortname|Sanjay|Bangar}}
| align="left" | {{cr|IND}}
| 2008
| 2008
| {{sort|11|11}}
| {{sort|07|7}}
| {{sort|01|1}}
| {{sort|0047|47}}
| {{sort|0171|17*}}
| {{sort|00|0}}
| {{sort|00|0}}
| {{sort|00783|7.83}}
| {{sort|0250|25.0}}
| {{sort|04|4}}
| {{sort|266|2/34}}
| {{sort|05475|54.75}}
| {{sort|02|2}}
| {{sort|-01|–}}
|- style="text-align:center;"
! scope="row" style="text-align:left;"| {{sortname|Azhar|Bilakhia}}
| align="left" | {{cr|IND}}
| 2009
| 2010
| {{sort|07|7}}
| {{sort|07|7}}
| {{sort|02|2}}
| {{sort|0069|69}}
| {{sort|0220|22}}
| {{sort|00|0}}
| {{sort|00|0}}
| {{sort|01380|13.80}}
| {{sort|-0001|–}}
| {{sort|-01|–}}
| {{sort|-001|–}}
| {{sort|-00001|–}}
| {{sort|01|1}}
| {{sort|-01|–}}
|- style="text-align:center;"
! scope="row" style="text-align:left;"| {{sortname|Sumanth|Bodapati|Bodapati Sumanth}}
| align="left" | {{cr|IND}}
| 2010
| 2010
| {{sort|05|5}}
| {{sort|04|4}}
| {{sort|03|3}}
| {{sort|0035|35}}
| {{sort|0160|16}}
| {{sort|00|0}}
| {{sort|00|0}}
| {{sort|03500|35.00}}
| {{sort|-0001|–}}
| {{sort|-01|–}}
| {{sort|-001|–}}
| {{sort|-00001|–}}
| {{sort|04|4}}
| {{sort|-01|–}}
|- style="text-align:center;"
! scope="row" style="text-align:left;"| {{sortname|Bharat|Chipli}}
| align="left" | {{cr|IND}}
| 2011
| 2012
| {{sort|19|19}}
| {{sort|17|17}}
| {{sort|06|6}}
| {{sort|0244|244}}
| {{sort|0611|61*}}
| {{sort|00|0}}
| {{sort|01|1}}
| {{sort|02218|22.18}}
| {{sort|0010|1.0}}
| {{sort|00|0}}
| {{sort|-001|–}}
| {{sort|-00001|–}}
| {{sort|02|2}}
| {{sort|-01|–}}
|- style="text-align:center;"
! scope="row" style="text-align:left;"| {{sortname|Dan|Christian}}
| align="left" | {{cr|AUS}}
| 2011
| 2012
| {{sort|21|21}}
| {{sort|20|20}}
| {{sort|04|4}}
| {{sort|0335|335}}
| {{sort|0390|39}}
| {{sort|00|0}}
| {{sort|00|0}}
| {{sort|02093|20.93}}
| {{sort|0724|72.4}}
| {{sort|19|19}}
| {{sort|287|2/13}}
| {{sort|03068|30.68}}
| {{sort|13|13}}
| {{sort|-01|–}}
|- style="text-align:center;"
! scope="row" style="text-align:left;"| {{sortname|Halhadar|Das}}
| align="left" | {{cr|IND}}
| 2008
| 2008
| {{sort|01|1}}
| {{sort|01|1}}
| {{sort|00|0}}
| {{sort|0002|2}}
| {{sort|0020|2}}
| {{sort|00|0}}
| {{sort|00|0}}
| {{sort|00200|2.00}}
| {{sort|-0001|–}}
| {{sort|-01|–}}
| {{sort|-001|–}}
| {{sort|-00001|–}}
| {{sort|00|0}}
| {{sort|-01|–}}
|- style="text-align:center;"
! scope="row" style="text-align:left;"| {{sortname|Kedar|Devdhar}} {{double-dagger}}
| align="left" | {{cr|IND}}
| 2011
| 2011
| {{sort|01|1}}
| {{sort|-01|–}}
| {{sort|-01|–}}
| {{sort|-0001|–}}
| {{sort|-0001|–}}
| {{sort|-01|–}}
| {{sort|-01|–}}
| {{sort|-00001|–}}
| {{sort|-0001|–}}
| {{sort|-01|–}}
| {{sort|-001|–}}
| {{sort|-00001|–}}
| {{sort|00|0}}
| {{sort|01|1}}
|- style="text-align:center;"
! scope="row" style="text-align:left;"| {{sortname|Shikhar|Dhawan}}
| align="left" | {{cr|IND}}
| 2011
| 2012
| {{sort|29|29}}
| {{sort|29|29}}
| {{sort|03|3}}
| {{sort|0969|969}}
| {{sort|0951|95*}}
| {{sort|00|0}}
| {{sort|07|7}}
| {{sort|03726|37.26}}
| {{sort|0080|8.0}}
| {{sort|04|4}}
| {{sort|193|1/7}}
| {{sort|01650|16.50}}
| {{sort|11|11}}
| {{sort|-01|–}}
|- style="text-align:center;"
! scope="row" style="text-align:left;"| {{sortname|Kalyankrishna|Doddapaneni|Doddapaneni Kalyankrishna}}
| align="left" | {{cr|IND}}
| 2008
| 2008
| {{sort|03|3}}
| {{sort|01|1}}
| {{sort|00|0}}
| {{sort|0003|3}}
| {{sort|0030|3}}
| {{sort|00|0}}
| {{sort|00|0}}
| {{sort|00300|3.00}}
| {{sort|0080|8.0}}
| {{sort|02|2}}
| {{sort|170|1/30}}
| {{sort|04350|43.50}}
| {{sort|01|1}}
| {{sort|-01|–}}
|- style="text-align:center;"
! scope="row" style="text-align:left;"| {{sortname|JP|Duminy}}
| align="left" | {{cr|SA}}
| 2011
| 2012
| {{sort|19|19}}
| {{sort|19|19}}
| {{sort|06|6}}
| {{sort|0449|449}}
| {{sort|0740|74}}
| {{sort|00|0}}
| {{sort|03|3}}
| {{sort|03453|34.53}}
| {{sort|0300|30.0}}
| {{sort|05|5}}
| {{sort|197|1/3}}
| {{sort|04940|49.40}}
| {{sort|08|8}}
| {{sort|-01|–}}
|- style="text-align:center;"
! scope="row" style="text-align:left;"| {{sortname|Ravi Teja|Dwaraka|Dwaraka Ravi Teja}}
| align="left" | {{cr|IND}}
| 2008
| 2012
| {{sort|30|30}}
| {{sort|23|23}}
| {{sort|05|5}}
| {{sort|0361|361}}
| {{sort|0600|60}}
| {{sort|00|0}}
| {{sort|01|1}}
| {{sort|02005|20.05}}
| {{sort|0030|3.0}}
| {{sort|01|1}}
| {{sort|181|1/19}}
| {{sort|02800|28.00}}
| {{sort|11|11}}
| {{sort|-01|–}}
|- style="text-align:center;"
! scope="row" style="text-align:left;"| {{sortname|Fidel|Edwards}}
| align="left" | {{cr|WIN}}
| 2009
| 2009
| {{sort|08|8}}
| {{sort|04|4}}
| {{sort|02|2}}
| {{sort|0012|12}}
| {{sort|0081|8*}}
| {{sort|00|0}}
| {{sort|00|0}}
| {{sort|00600|6.00}}
| {{sort|0292|29.2}}
| {{sort|08|8}}
| {{sort|368|3/32}}
| {{sort|02612|26.12}}
| {{sort|00|0}}
| {{sort|-01|–}}
|- style="text-align:center;"
! scope="row" style="text-align:left;"| {{sortname|Herschelle|Gibbs}}
| align="left" | {{cr|SA}}
| 2008
| 2010
| {{sort|33|33}}
| {{sort|33|33}}
| {{sort|03|3}}
| {{sort|0805|805}}
| {{sort|0691|69*}}
| {{sort|00|0}}
| {{sort|00|0}}
| {{sort|02683|26.83}}
| {{sort|-0001|–}}
| {{sort|-01|–}}
| {{sort|-001|–}}
| {{sort|-00001|–}}
| {{sort|22|22}}
| {{sort|-01|–}}
|- style="text-align:center;"
! scope="row" style="text-align:left;"| {{sortname|Adam|Gilchrist}} {{dagger}}{{double-dagger}}
| align="left" | {{cr|AUS}}
| 2008
| 2010
| {{sort|48|48}}
| {{sort|48|48}}
| {{sort|01|1}}
| {{sort|1289|1289}}
| {{sort|1091|109*}}
| {{sort|01|1}}
| {{sort|08|8}}
| {{sort|02742|27.42}}
| {{sort|-0001|–}}
| {{sort|-01|–}}
| {{sort|-001|–}}
| {{sort|-00001|–}}
| {{sort|27|27}}
| {{sort|14|14}}
|- style="text-align:center;"
! scope="row" style="text-align:left;"| {{sortname|Manpreet|Gony}}
| align="left" | {{cr|IND}}
| 2011
| 2012
| {{sort|09|9}}
| {{sort|03|3}}
| {{sort|01|1}}
| {{sort|0004|4}}
| {{sort|0040|4}}
| {{sort|00|0}}
| {{sort|00|0}}
| {{sort|00200|2.00}}
| {{sort|0330|33.0}}
| {{sort|07|7}}
| {{sort|369|3/31}}
| {{sort|04147|41.47}}
| {{sort|01|1}}
| {{sort|-01|–}}
|- style="text-align:center;"
! scope="row" style="text-align:left;"| {{sortname|Daniel|Harris|Daniel Harris (cricketer)}}
| align="left" | {{cr|AUS}}
| 2012
| 2012
| {{sort|04|4}}
| {{sort|04|4}}
| {{sort|00|0}}
| {{sort|0111|111}}
| {{sort|0470|47}}
| {{sort|00|0}}
| {{sort|00|0}}
| {{sort|02775|27.75}}
| {{sort|0030|3.0}}
| {{sort|00|0}}
| {{sort|-001|–}}
| {{sort|-00001|–}}
| {{sort|02|2}}
| {{sort|-01|–}}
|- style="text-align:center;"
! scope="row" style="text-align:left;"| {{sortname|Ryan|Harris|Ryan Harris (cricketer)}}
| align="left" | {{cr|AUS}}
| 2009
| 2010
| {{sort|16|16}}
| {{sort|10|10}}
| {{sort|05|5}}
| {{sort|0066|66}}
| {{sort|0150|15}}
| {{sort|00|0}}
| {{sort|00|0}}
| {{sort|01320|13.20}}
| {{sort|0614|61.4}}
| {{sort|20|20}}
| {{sort|382|3/18}}
| {{sort|02315|23.15}}
| {{sort|10|10}}
| {{sort|-01|–}}
|- style="text-align:center;"
! scope="row" style="text-align:left;"| {{sortname|Ishank|Jaggi}}
| align="left" | {{cr|IND}}
| 2011
| 2012
| {{sort|05|5}}
| {{sort|05|5}}
| {{sort|01|1}}
| {{sort|0043|43}}
| {{sort|0250|25}}
| {{sort|00|0}}
| {{sort|00|0}}
| {{sort|01075|10.75}}
| {{sort|-0001|–}}
| {{sort|-01|–}}
| {{sort|-001|–}}
| {{sort|-00001|–}}
| {{sort|02|2}}
| {{sort|-01|–}}
|- style="text-align:center;"
! scope="row" style="text-align:left;"| {{sortname|Abhishek|Jhunjhunwala}}
| align="left" | {{cr|IND}}
| 2012
| 2012
| {{sort|05|5}}
| {{sort|03|3}}
| {{sort|01|1}}
| {{sort|0024|24}}
| {{sort|0190|19}}
| {{sort|00|0}}
| {{sort|00|0}}
| {{sort|01200|12.00}}
| {{sort|0060|6.0}}
| {{sort|01|1}}
| {{sort|187|1/13}}
| {{sort|03800|38.00}}
| {{sort|02|2}}
| {{sort|-01|–}}
|- style="text-align:center;"
! scope="row" style="text-align:left;"| {{sortname|Abhinav|Kumar}}
| align="left" | {{cr|IND}}
| 2009
| 2010
| {{sort|01|1}}
| {{sort|01|1}}
| {{sort|00|0}}
| {{sort|0001|1}}
| {{sort|0010|1}}
| {{sort|00|0}}
| {{sort|00|0}}
| {{sort|00100|1.00}}
| {{sort|-0001|–}}
| {{sort|-01|–}}
| {{sort|-001|–}}
| {{sort|-00001|–}}
| {{sort|00|0}}
| {{sort|-01|–}}
|- style="text-align:center;"
! scope="row" style="text-align:left;"| {{sortname|Vijay|Kumar|Vijay Kumar (cricketer)}}
| align="left" | {{cr|IND}}
| 2008
| 2008
| {{sort|09|9}}
| {{sort|-01|–}}
| {{sort|-01|–}}
| {{sort|-0001|–}}
| {{sort|-0001|–}}
| {{sort|-01|–}}
| {{sort|-01|–}}
| {{sort|-00001|–}}
| {{sort|0252|25.2}}
| {{sort|04|4}}
| {{sort|183|1/17}}
| {{sort|04975|49.75}}
| {{sort|00|0}}
| {{sort|-01|–}}
|- style="text-align:center;"
! scope="row" style="text-align:left;"| {{sortname|Chris|Lynn}}
| align="left" | {{cr|AUS}}
| 2012
| 2012
| {{sort|01|1}}
| {{sort|01|1}}
| {{sort|00|0}}
| {{sort|0006|6}}
| {{sort|0060|6}}
| {{sort|00|0}}
| {{sort|00|0}}
| {{sort|00600|6.00}}
| {{sort|-0001|–}}
| {{sort|-01|–}}
| {{sort|-001|–}}
| {{sort|-00001|–}}
| {{sort|01|1}}
| {{sort|-01|–}}
|- style="text-align:center;"
! scope="row" style="text-align:left;"| {{sortname|Mitchell|Marsh}}
| align="left" | {{cr|AUS}}
| 2010
| 2010
| {{sort|03|3}}
| {{sort|02|2}}
| {{sort|00|0}}
| {{sort|0028|28}}
| {{sort|0150|15}}
| {{sort|00|0}}
| {{sort|00|0}}
| {{sort|01400|14.00}}
| {{sort|0100|10.0}}
| {{sort|02|2}}
| {{sort|181|1/19}}
| {{sort|04400|44.00}}
| {{sort|00|0}}
| {{sort|-01|–}}
|- style="text-align:center;"
! scope="row" style="text-align:left;"| {{sortname|Amit|Mishra}}
| align="left" | {{cr|IND}}
| 2011
| 2012
| {{sort|28|28}}
| {{sort|14|14}}
| {{sort|07|7}}
| {{sort|0084|84}}
| {{sort|0251|25*}}
| {{sort|00|0}}
| {{sort|00|0}}
| {{sort|01200|12.00}}
| {{sort|1002|100.2}}
| {{sort|32|32}}
| {{sort|491|4/9}}
| {{sort|02296|22.96}}
| {{sort|03|3}}
| {{sort|-01|–}}
|- style="text-align:center;"
! scope="row" style="text-align:left;"| {{sortname|Mohnish|Mishra}}
| align="left" | {{cr|IND}}
| 2010
| 2010
| {{sort|11|11}}
| {{sort|11|11}}
| {{sort|00|0}}
| {{sort|0166|166}}
| {{sort|0410|41}}
| {{sort|00|0}}
| {{sort|00|0}}
| {{sort|01509|15.09}}
| {{sort|-0001|–}}
| {{sort|-01|–}}
| {{sort|-001|–}}
| {{sort|-00001|–}}
| {{sort|01|1}}
| {{sort|-01|–}}
|- style="text-align:center;"
! scope="row" style="text-align:left;"| {{sortname|Pragyan|Ojha}}
| align="left" | {{cr|IND}}
| 2008
| 2011
| {{sort|56|56}}
| {{sort|16|16}}
| {{sort|07|7}}
| {{sort|0007|7}}
| {{sort|0020|2}}
| {{sort|00|0}}
| {{sort|00|0}}
| {{sort|00077|0.77}}
| {{sort|1941|194.1}}
| {{sort|62|62}}
| {{sort|378|3/21}}
| {{sort|02219|22.19}}
| {{sort|11|11}}
| {{sort|-01|–}}
|- style="text-align:center;"
! scope="row" style="text-align:left;"| {{sortname|Parthiv|Patel}} {{double-dagger}}
| align="left" | {{cr|IND}}
| 2012
| 2012
| {{sort|14|14}}
| {{sort|13|13}}
| {{sort|02|2}}
| {{sort|0194|194}}
| {{sort|0450|45}}
| {{sort|00|0}}
| {{sort|00|0}}
| {{sort|01763|17.63}}
| {{sort|-0001|–}}
| {{sort|-01|–}}
| {{sort|-001|–}}
| {{sort|-00001|–}}
| {{sort|05|5}}
| {{sort|01|1}}
|- style="text-align:center;"
! scope="row" style="text-align:left;"| {{sortname|Anand|Rajan}}
| align="left" | {{cr|IND}}
| 2011
| 2012
| {{sort|06|6}}
| {{sort|-01|–}}
| {{sort|-01|–}}
| {{sort|-0001|–}}
| {{sort|-0001|–}}
| {{sort|-01|–}}
| {{sort|-01|–}}
| {{sort|-0.1|–}}
| {{sort|0165|16.5}}
| {{sort|06|6}}
| {{sort|373|3/27}}
| {{sort|02650|26.50}}
| {{sort|00|0}}
| {{sort|-01|–}}
|- style="text-align:center;"
! scope="row" style="text-align:left;"| {{sortname|Akshath|Reddy}}
| align="left" | {{cr|IND}}
| 2012
| 2012
| {{sort|05|5}}
| {{sort|04|4}}
| {{sort|01|1}}
| {{sort|0073|73}}
| {{sort|0420|42}}
| {{sort|00|0}}
| {{sort|00|0}}
| {{sort|02433|24.33}}
| {{sort|-0001|–}}
| {{sort|-01|–}}
| {{sort|-001|–}}
| {{sort|-00001|–}}
| {{sort|00|0}}
| {{sort|-01|–}}
|- style="text-align:center;"
! scope="row" style="text-align:left;"| {{sortname|Ashish|Reddy}}
| align="left" | {{cr|IND}}
| 2012
| 2012
| {{sort|09|9}}
| {{sort|05|5}}
| {{sort|01|1}}
| {{sort|0035|35}}
| {{sort|0101|10*}}
| {{sort|00|0}}
| {{sort|00|0}}
| {{sort|00875|8.75}}
| {{sort|0271|27.1}}
| {{sort|11|11}}
| {{sort|375|3/25}}
| {{sort|00777|7.77}}
| {{sort|00|0}}
| {{sort|-01|–}}
|- style="text-align:center;"
! scope="row" style="text-align:left;"| {{sortname|Kemar|Roach}}
| align="left" | {{cr|WIN}}
| 2010
| 2010
| {{sort|02|2}}
| {{sort|01|1}}
| {{sort|00|0}}
| {{sort|0010|10}}
| {{sort|0100|10}}
| {{sort|00|0}}
| {{sort|00|0}}
| {{sort|01000|10.00}}
| {{sort|0080|8.0}}
| {{sort|00|0}}
| {{sort|-001|–}}
| {{sort|-00001|–}}
| {{sort|01|1}}
| {{sort|-01|–}}
|- style="text-align:center;"
! scope="row" style="text-align:left;"| {{sortname|Kumar|Sangakkara}} {{dagger}}{{double-dagger}}
| align="left" | {{cr|SRI}}
| 2011
| 2012
| {{sort|25|25}}
| {{sort|25|25}}
| {{sort|01|1}}
| {{sort|0558|558}}
| {{sort|0820|82}}
| {{sort|00|0}}
| {{sort|02|2}}
| {{sort|02325|23.25}}
| {{sort|-0001|–}}
| {{sort|-01|–}}
| {{sort|-001|–}}
| {{sort|-00001|–}}
| {{sort|17|17}}
| {{sort|02|2}}
|- style="text-align:center;"
! scope="row" style="text-align:left;"| {{sortname|Ankit|Sharma|Ankit Sharma (cricketer)}}
| align="left" | {{cr|IND}}
| 2012
| 2012
| {{sort|09|9}}
| {{sort|04|4}}
| {{sort|01|1}}
| {{sort|0018|18}}
| {{sort|0150|15}}
| {{sort|00|0}}
| {{sort|00|0}}
| {{sort|00600|6.00}}
| {{sort|0241|24.1}}
| {{sort|04|4}}
| {{sort|191|1/9}}
| {{sort|04125|41.25}}
| {{sort|00|0}}
| {{sort|-01|–}}
|- style="text-align:center;"
! scope="row" style="text-align:left;"| {{sortname|Ishant|Sharma}}
| align="left" | {{cr|IND}}
| 2011
| 2011
| {{sort|12|12}}
| {{sort|-01|–}}
| {{sort|-01|–}}
| {{sort|-0001|–}}
| {{sort|-0001|–}}
| {{sort|-01|–}}
| {{sort|-01|–}}
| {{sort|-00001|–}}
| {{sort|0440|44.0}}
| {{sort|11|11}}
| {{sort|588|5/12}}
| {{sort|02854|28.54}}
| {{sort|03|3}}
| {{sort|-01|–}}
|- style="text-align:center;"
! scope="row" style="text-align:left;"| {{sortname|Rahul|Sharma|Rahul Sharma (cricketer, born 1986)}}
| align="left" | {{cr|IND}}
| 2010
| 2010
| {{sort|06|6}}
| {{sort|04|4}}
| {{sort|01|1}}
| {{sort|0029|29}}
| {{sort|0141|14*}}
| {{sort|00|0}}
| {{sort|00|0}}
| {{sort|00966|9.66}}
| {{sort|0204|20.4}}
| {{sort|05|5}}
| {{sort|258|2/42}}
| {{sort|03340|33.40}}
| {{sort|01|1}}
| {{sort|-01|–}}
|- style="text-align:center;"
! scope="row" style="text-align:left;"| {{sortname|Rohit|Sharma}}
| align="left" | {{cr|IND}}
| 2008
| 2010
| {{sort|47|47}}
| {{sort|46|46}}
| {{sort|06|6}}
| {{sort|1219|1219}}
| {{sort|0761|76*}}
| {{sort|00|0}}
| {{sort|08|8}}
| {{sort|03047|30.47}}
| {{sort|0480|48.0}}
| {{sort|14|14}}
| {{sort|494|4/6}}
| {{sort|02514|25.14}}
| {{sort|22|22}}
| {{sort|-01|–}}
|- style="text-align:center;"
! scope="row" style="text-align:left;"| {{sortname|Chamara|Silva}}
| align="left" | {{cr|SL}}
| 2008
| 2008
| {{sort|03|3}}
| {{sort|03|3}}
| {{sort|01|1}}
| {{sort|0043|43}}
| {{sort|0231|23*}}
| {{sort|00|0}}
| {{sort|00|0}}
| {{sort|02000|20.00}}
| {{sort|0010|1.0}}
| {{sort|00|0}}
| {{sort|-001|–}}
| {{sort|-00001|–}}
| {{sort|03|3}}
| {{sort|-01|–}}
|- style="text-align:center;"
! scope="row" style="text-align:left;"| {{sortname|Anirudh|Singh|Anirudh Singh (cricketer)}}
| align="left" | {{cr|IND}}
| 2009
| 2010
| {{sort|05|5}}
| {{sort|04|4}}
| {{sort|00|0}}
| {{sort|0063|63}}
| {{sort|0400|40}}
| {{sort|00|0}}
| {{sort|00|0}}
| {{sort|01575|15.75}}
| {{sort|-0001|–}}
| {{sort|-01|–}}
| {{sort|-001|–}}
| {{sort|-00001|–}}
| {{sort|03|3}}
| {{sort|-01|–}}
|- style="text-align:center;"
! scope="row" style="text-align:left;"| {{sortname|Harmeet|Singh|Harmeet Singh Bansal}}
| align="left" | {{cr|IND}}
| 2009
| 2011
| {{sort|18|18}}
| {{sort|-01|–}}
| {{sort|-01|–}}
| {{sort|-0001|–}}
| {{sort|-0001|–}}
| {{sort|-01|–}}
| {{sort|-01|–}}
| {{sort|-00001|–}}
| {{sort|0545|54.5}}
| {{sort|14|14}}
| {{sort|277|2/23}}
| {{sort|03085|30.85}}
| {{sort|04|4}}
| {{sort|-01|–}}
|- style="text-align:center;"
! scope="row" style="text-align:left;"| {{sortname|Jaskaran|Singh|Jaskaran Singh (cricketer, born 1989)}}
| align="left" | {{cr|IND}}
| 2009
| 2010
| {{sort|08|8}}
| {{sort|05|5}}
| {{sort|04|4}}
| {{sort|0008|8}}
| {{sort|0041|4*}}
| {{sort|00|0}}
| {{sort|00|0}}
| {{sort|00800|8.00}}
| {{sort|0170|17.0}}
| {{sort|06|6}}
| {{sort|282|2/18}}
| {{sort|02850|28.50}}
| {{sort|00|0}}
| {{sort|-01|–}}
|- style="text-align:center;"
! scope="row" style="text-align:left;"| {{sortname|R. P.|Singh}}
| align="left" | {{cr|IND}}
| 2008
| 2010
| {{sort|44|44}}
| {{sort|22|22}}
| {{sort|10|10}}
| {{sort|0051|51}}
| {{sort|0100|10}}
| {{sort|00|0}}
| {{sort|00|0}}
| {{sort|00425|4.25}}
| {{sort|1610|161.0}}
| {{sort|54|54}}
| {{sort|478|4/22}}
| {{sort|02359|23.59}}
| {{sort|17|17}}
| {{sort|-01|–}}
|- style="text-align:center;"
! scope="row" style="text-align:left;"| {{sortname|Dwayne|Smith}}
| align="left" | {{cr|WIN}}
| 2009
| 2010
| {{sort|11|11}}
| {{sort|11|11}}
| {{sort|01|1}}
| {{sort|0237|237}}
| {{sort|0490|49}}
| {{sort|00|0}}
| {{sort|00|0}}
| {{sort|02370|23.70}}
| {{sort|0175|17.5}}
| {{sort|02|2}}
| {{sort|178|1/22}}
| {{sort|08000|80.00}}
| {{sort|06|6}}
| {{sort|-01|–}}
|- style="text-align:center;"
! scope="row" style="text-align:left;"| {{sortname|Sunny|Sohal}}
| align="left" | {{cr|IND}}
| 2011
| 2011
| {{sort|11|11}}
| {{sort|10|10}}
| {{sort|00|0}}
| {{sort|0249|249}}
| {{sort|0620|62}}
| {{sort|00|0}}
| {{sort|02|2}}
| {{sort|02490|24.90}}
| {{sort|-0001|–}}
| {{sort|-01|–}}
| {{sort|-001|–}}
| {{sort|-00001|–}}
| {{sort|00|0}}
| {{sort|-01|–}}
|- style="text-align:center;"
! scope="row" style="text-align:left;"| {{sortname|Dale|Steyn}}
| align="left" | {{cr|SA}}
| 2011
| 2012
| {{sort|24|24}}
| {{sort|11|11}}
| {{sort|02|2}}
| {{sort|0055|55}}
| {{sort|0130|13}}
| {{sort|00|0}}
| {{sort|00|0}}
| {{sort|00611|6.11}}
| {{sort|0921|92.1}}
| {{sort|32|32}}
| {{sort|392|3/8}}
| {{sort|01850|18.50}}
| {{sort|05|5}}
| {{sort|-01|–}}
|- style="text-align:center;"
! scope="row" style="text-align:left;"| {{sortname|Scott|Styris}}
| align="left" | {{cr|NZ}}
| 2008
| 2009
| {{sort|12|12}}
| {{sort|11|11}}
| {{sort|02|2}}
| {{sort|0153|153}}
| {{sort|0361|36*}}
| {{sort|00|0}}
| {{sort|00|0}}
| {{sort|01700|17.00}}
| {{sort|-0001|–}}
| {{sort|-01|–}}
| {{sort|-001|–}}
| {{sort|-00001|–}}
| {{sort|03|3}}
| {{sort|-01|–}}
|- style="text-align:center;"
! scope="row" style="text-align:left;"| {{sortname|Andrew|Symonds}}
| align="left" | {{cr|AUS}}
| 2008
| 2010
| {{sort|30|30}}
| {{sort|29|29}}
| {{sort|04|4}}
| {{sort|0849|849}}
| {{sort|1171|117*}}
| {{sort|01|1}}
| {{sort|05|5}}
| {{sort|03396|33.96}}
| {{sort|-0001|–}}
| {{sort|-01|–}}
| {{sort|-001|–}}
| {{sort|-00001|–}}
| {{sort|17|17}}
| {{sort|-01|–}}
|- style="text-align:center;"
! scope="row" style="text-align:left;"| {{sortname|Suman|Tirumalasetti|Tirumalasetti Suman}}
| align="left" | {{cr|IND}}
| 2009
| 2010
| {{sort|28|28}}
| {{sort|28|28}}
| {{sort|08|8}}
| {{sort|0559|559}}
| {{sort|0781|78*}}
| {{sort|00|0}}
| {{sort|02|2}}
| {{sort|02795|27.95}}
| {{sort|0220|22.0}}
| {{sort|08|8}}
| {{sort|286|2/14}}
| {{sort|02137|21.37}}
| {{sort|06|6}}
| {{sort|-01|–}}
|- style="text-align:center;"
! scope="row" style="text-align:left;"| {{sortname|Chaminda|Vaas}}
| align="left" | {{cr|SL}}
| 2008
| 2010
| {{sort|13|13}}
| {{sort|11|11}}
| {{sort|03|3}}
| {{sort|0081|81}}
| {{sort|0200|20}}
| {{sort|00|0}}
| {{sort|00|0}}
| {{sort|01012|10.12}}
| {{sort|0470|47.0}}
| {{sort|18|18}}
| {{sort|379|3/21}}
| {{sort|01972|19.72}}
| {{sort|00|0}}
| {{sort|-01|–}}
|- style="text-align:center;"
! scope="row" style="text-align:left;"| {{sortname|VVS|Laxman}} {{dagger}}
| align="left" | {{cr|IND}}
| 2008
| 2010
| {{sort|19|19}}
| {{sort|19|19}}
| {{sort|02|2}}
| {{sort|0228|228}}
| {{sort|0520|52}}
| {{sort|00|0}}
| {{sort|01|1}}
| {{sort|01694|16.94}}
| {{sort|-0001|–}}
| {{sort|-01|–}}
| {{sort|-001|–}}
| {{sort|-00001|–}}
| {{sort|04|4}}
| {{sort|-01|–}}
|- style="text-align:center;"
! scope="row" style="text-align:left;"| {{sortname|Cameron|White}} {{dagger}}
| align="left" | {{cr|AUS}}
| 2011
| 2012
| {{sort|19|19}}
| {{sort|19|19}}
| {{sort|04|4}}
| {{sort|0583|583}}
| {{sort|0780|78}}
| {{sort|00|0}}
| {{sort|05|5}}
| {{sort|03886|38.86}}
| {{sort|-0001|–}}
| {{sort|-01|–}}
| {{sort|-001|–}}
| {{sort|-00001|–}}
| {{sort|05|5}}
| {{sort|-01|–}}
|- style="text-align:center;"
! scope="row" style="text-align:left;"| {{sortname|Arjun|Yadav}}
| align="left" | {{cr|IND}}
| 2008
| 2008
| {{sort|08|8}}
| {{sort|06|6}}
| {{sort|01|1}}
| {{sort|0049|49}}
| {{sort|0160|16}}
| {{sort|00|0}}
| {{sort|00|0}}
| {{sort|00980|9.80}}
| {{sort|-0001|–}}
| {{sort|-01|–}}
| {{sort|-001|–}}
| {{sort|-00001|–}}
| {{sort|01|1}}
| {{sort|-01|–}}
|- style="text-align:center;"
! scope="row" style="text-align:left;"| {{sortname|Venugopal|Rao|dab=cricketer}}
| align="left" | {{cr|IND}}
| 2008
| 2010
| {{sort|35|35}}
| {{sort|30|30}}
| {{sort|05|5}}
| {{sort|0498|498}}
| {{sort|0711|71*}}
| {{sort|00|0}}
| {{sort|02|2}}
| {{sort|01992|19.92}}
| {{sort|-0001|–}}
| {{sort|-01|–}}
| {{sort|-001|–}}
| {{sort|-00001|–}}
| {{sort|08|8}}
| {{sort|-01|–}}
|- style="text-align:center;"
! scope="row" style="text-align:left;"| {{sortname|Nuwan|Zoysa}}
| align="left" | {{cr|SL}}
| 2008
| 2008
| {{sort|03|3}}
| {{sort|02|2}}
| {{sort|01|1}}
| {{sort|0011|11}}
| {{sort|0101|10*}}
| {{sort|00|0}}
| {{sort|00|0}}
| {{sort|01100|11.00}}
| {{sort|-0001|–}}
| {{sort|-01|–}}
| {{sort|-001|–}}
| {{sort|-00001|–}}
| {{sort|01|1}}
| {{sort|-01|–}}
|}

==Captains==
[[Image:Adam Gilchrist of Australia (cropped).jpg|thumb|right|alt=A man wearing the white collared T-shirt.|Adam Gilchrist won the [[2009 Indian Premier League]] as the captain for the [[Deccan Chargers]].]]
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable"
|+ Deccan Chargers captains
! scope="col" | No.
! scope="col" | Name<ref name="captains">{{cite news|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ipl/engine/records/individual/list_captains.html?class=6;id=4347;type=team|title=Deccan Chargers / Records / Twenty20 matches / Most matches as captain|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=14 August 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180915002209/http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ipl/engine/records/individual/list_captains.html?class=6;id=4347;type=team|archive-date=15 September 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>
! scope="col" | First
! scope="col" | Last
! scope="col" | Mat
! scope="col" | Won
! scope="col" | Lost
! scope="col" | NR
! scope="col" | Win%
|- align=center
| {{nts|1}}
! scope="row" | {{sortname|VVS|Laxman}} {{dagger}}
|| 2008 || 2008 || 6 || 1 || 5 || 0
| 16.6
|- align=center
| {{nts|2}}
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Adam|Gilchrist}} {{dagger}}{{double-dagger}}
|| 2008 || 2010 || 42 || 18 || 24 || 0
| 42.85
|- align=center
| {{nts|3}}
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Kumar|Sangakkara}} {{dagger}}{{double-dagger}}
|| 2011 || 2012 || 25 || 8 || 17 || 0
| 32.00
|- align=center
| {{nts|4}}
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Cameron|White}} {{dagger}}
|| 2011 || 2012 || 4 || 2 || 2 || 0
| 50.00
|- class="sortbottom" style="text-align:center;"
| colspan=4 | '''Total'''
|| '''77''' || '''29''' || '''47''' || '''1'''
| '''37.66'''
|}

==See also==
*[[List of Indian Premier League centuries]]
*[[List of Indian Premier League records and statistics]]

==Notes==

===Footnotes===
{{Reflist|group=lower-greek}}

=== References ===
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*{{Commons category-inline|Deccan Chargers}}

{{Deccan Chargers}}
{{Indian Premier League}}

{{featured list}}

[[Category:Deccan Chargers cricketers]]
[[Category:Lists of Indian Premier League cricketers|Deccan Chargers]]
[[Category:Cricket in Hyderabad, India]]

Chandra Talpade Mohanty

2025-04-15T15:01:11Z

Vivekparulekar:

{{Short description|Indian-American Feminism and women's studies professor}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2018}}
{{Infobox scholar
| name = Chandra Talpade Mohanty
| image = [[File:Chandra Talpade Mohanty (2011).jpg|center|250px|Chandra Talpade Mohanty (2011)]]
| image_size =
| alt =
| caption = Self portrait of Chandra Mohanty
| birth_name = Chandra Talapade Mohanty
| birth_date = 1955
| birth_place = [[Bombay]], [[Bombay State]] (now [[Mumbai]], [[Maharashtra]]), [[India]]
| discipline = Women's Studies, Feminism
| workplaces = [[Oberlin College]]; [[Hamilton College (New York)|Hamilton College]]; [[Syracuse University]]
| alma_mater = [[University of Delhi]]; [[University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign]]
| known_for =
| author_abbrev_bot =
| author_abbrev_zoo =
| influences =
| influenced =
| major_works = ''Under Western eyes: Feminist scholarship and colonial discourses''
| awards =
| signature = 
| signature_alt =
| website = {{URL|https://thecollege.syr.edu/people/faculty/mohanty-chandra-talpade/|Official Website}}
| footnotes =
| spouse =
| children =
}}
{{feminism sidebar}}
'''Chandra Talpade Mohanty''' (born 1955) is a Distinguished Professor of Women's and [[Gender]] Studies, Sociology, and the Cultural Foundations of Education and Dean's Professor of the Humanities at [[Syracuse University]]. Mohanty, a [[Postcolonial feminism|postcolonial]] and [[Transnational feminism|transnational feminist]] theorist, has argued for the inclusion of a transnational approach in exploring women’s experiences across the world. She is author of ''Feminism Without Borders: Decolonizing Theory, Practicing Solidarity'' (Duke University Press, 2003 and Zubaan Books, India, 2004; translated into Korean, 2005, Swedish, 2007, and Turkish, 2009, Japanese, 2012 and Italian, 2012), and co-editor of ''Third World Women and the Politics of Feminism'' (Indiana University Press, 1991), ''Feminist Genealogies, Colonial Legacies, Democratic Futures'' (Routledge, 1997), ''Feminism and War: Confronting U.S. Imperialism'', (Zed Press, 2008), ''The Sage Handbook on Identities'' (coedited with Margaret Wetherell, 2010), and Feminist Freedom Warriors: Genealogies, Justice, Politics, and Hope (co-edited with Linda Carty, Haymarket Press, 2018).

Her work focuses on transnational feminist theory, anti-capitalist feminist praxis, anti-racist education, and the politics of knowledge. Central to Mohanty’s transnational mission is the project of building a "non-colonizing feminist solidarity across the borders," through an intersectional analysis of race, nation, colonialism, sexuality, class and gender.

== Early life and education==
Chandra Talpade Mohanty was born in 1955, in present-day [[Mumbai]], [[Maharashtra]], [[India]].{{citation needed|date=April 2013}} She has spent time in Nigeria and London. She became a US citizen and continued her education in the United States.<ref name="Malia2005">Formes, Malia. (2005) "[http://www.h-net.org/reviews/showrev.php?id=10752 Review of Mohanty, Chandra Talpade, Feminism without Borders: Decolonizing Theory, Practicing Solidarity]". H-Women, H-Net Reviews. Retrieved 28 April 2013.</ref>

Mohanty graduated in 1974 with honors and a [[Bachelor's degree]] in English from the [[University of Delhi]] in India. She continued her education, earning a [[Master's degree]] in English in 1976. She attended the [[University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign]], from where she earned a master's degree in Education, specifically in teaching English in 1980. She continued her education in Illinois, earning a [[Ph.D.]] from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign in 1987. She is additionally the recipient of an Honorary Doctorate, Faculty of Social Sciences, Lund University Sweden, presented in 2008,<ref name=syrprofile>{{cite web|title=Chandra Talpade Mohanty|url=http://as-cascade.syr.edu/profiles/pages/mohanty-chandratalpade.html|work=as-cascade.syr.edu|publisher=Syracuse University|accessdate=2013-04-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130704113443/http://as-cascade.syr.edu/profiles/pages/mohanty-chandratalpade.html|archive-date=4 July 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref> and an Honorary Doctorate in humanities from the [[College of Wooster]], Ohio, awarded in 2012.<ref>Finn, John. (15 May 2012). "[http://www.ohio.com/upublish/general-news/college-of-wooster-s-class-of-2012-receives-final-instructions-for-the-journey-ahead-1.307179 College of Wooster's Class of 2012 Receives Final Instructions for the Journey Ahead]", ''[[Akron Beacon Journal]]''. Retrieved 28 April 2013.</ref> {{As of|2013}}, Mohanty has served as the women's studies department chair at [[Syracuse University]]. Earlier, she served as a professor of women's studies at [[Clinton, Oneida County, New York|Oberlin College in Oberlin, Ohio]] and [[Hamilton College (New York)|Hamilton College]] in [[Clinton, Oneida County, New York|Clinton, New York]].<ref name=syrprofile/>

She is a member of the advisory boards of the [[Centre for Feminist Foreign Policy]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.centreforfeministforeignpolicy.org/advisory-council|title=Advisory Council }}</ref> [[Center for Intersectional Justice]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.intersectionaljustice.org/who-we-are#advisory-board|title=Who we are|website=www.intersectionaljustice.org|access-date=2018-07-12}}</ref> [[Signs (journal)|Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society]], Transformations, The Journal of Inclusive Pedagogy and Scholarship, [[Feminist Africa]] (South
Africa), [[Asian Women (journal)|Asian Women]] (Korea), [[Feminist Economics (journal)|Feminist Economics]], and the Caribbean Review of Gender Studies.<ref>{{cite web|title=Chandra Talpade Mohanty|url=http://socialjusticeinitiative.ucdavis.edu/files/2013/10/Chandra-Talpade-Mohanty-Bio.pdf|publisher=Social Justice Initiative}}</ref>

== Overview of major works ==
She became known after the publication of her 1984 essay, "Under Western Eyes: Feminist Scholarship and Colonial Discourses",<ref name="DuaTrotz2002">Dua, Ena; Trotz, Alissa. (2002). "[http://journals.msvu.ca/index.php/atlantis/article/viewFile/1418/1260 Transnational Pedagogy: Doing Political Work in Women's Studies]". ''Atlantis'' 26:2. p66"</ref> in which she states,

{{quote|The relationship between 'Woman'—a cultural and ideological composite Other constructed through diverse representational discourses (scientific, literary, juridical, linguistic, cinematic, etc.)—and 'women'—real, material subjects of their collective histories—is one of the central questions the practice of feminist scholarship seeks to address."<ref name=Mohanty_Under_Western_Eyes>Mohanty, Chandra Talpade. (1984). "[http://blog.lib.umn.edu/raim0007/RaeSpot/under%20wstrn%20eyes.pdf Under Western Eyes: Feminist Scholarship and Colonial Discourses]". ''Boundary 2''. 12:3-13:1. pp. 333-358.</ref>}}

In this essay, Mohanty critiques the political project of Western [[feminism]] and its discursive construction of the category of the "[[Third World]] woman" as a generic, homogenous, victimized stereotype that Western feminists must save. Mohanty states that Western feminisms have tended to gloss over the differences between [[Global South|Southern women]], but that the experience of oppression is incredibly diverse, and contingent upon historical, cultural, and individual reasons.<ref name="Mohanty_Under_Western_Eyes" /><ref>Felski, Rita. (1997) "The Doxa of Difference". ''Signs'', 23:1. pp. 1-21</ref> Her paper was a key work, highlighting the difficulties faced by feminists from the Third World in being heard within the broader feminist movement, and it led to a "redefining of power relationships" between feminists within the First and Third worlds.<ref name="DuaTrotz2002" />

In 2003, Mohanty released her book ''Feminism Without Borders: Decolonizing Theory, Practicing Solidarity''. In this work, she argues for a bridging of theory and [[Praxis (process)|praxis]], and the personal and the political. Major themes addressed include the politics of difference, transnational solidarity building, and anticapitalist struggle against neoliberal [[globalization]]. As well as reprinting "Under Western Eyes", in the final section, "Reorienting Feminism", Mohanty offers a response to criticism of the essay, and "reiterates her belief in the possibility, indeed necessity, of building common political projects between Third World and Western feminisms".<ref>Thobani, Sunera. (2005). "Feminism without Borders: Decolonizing Theory, Practicing Solidarity (review)", ''[[Hypatia: A Journal of Feminist Philosophy]]''. 20:3. pp 221-224.</ref>

== Selected publications ==
* Mohanty, Chandra Talpade; Russo, Anne; and Lourdes M. Torres (1991). ''Third World Women and the Politics of Feminism'', Indiana University Press, 338 pages. {{ISBN|978-0253206329}}
* Mohanty, Chandra Talpade; and M. Jacqui Alexander (1996). ''Feminist Genealogies, Colonial Legacies, Democratic Futures'', Routledge Press, 464 pages. {{ISBN|978-0415912112}}
* Mohanty, Chandra Talpade (2003). ''Feminism Without Borders: Decolonizing Theory, Practicing Solidarity'', [[Duke University Press Books]], 300 pages. {{ISBN|978-0822330219}}
* Mohanty, Chandra Talpade; Riley, Robin L.; and Minnie Bruce Pratt (2008). ''Feminism and War: Confronting U.S. Imperialism'', Zed Books, 280 pages. {{ISBN|978-1848130180}}
* Mohanty, Chandra Talpade; Wetherell, M. (2010). ''Sage Handbook of Identities'', U.K: Sage Publications. {{ISBN|978-1412934114}}
* Carty, Linda E. and Mohanty, Chandra Talpade, editors (2018). ''Feminist Freedom Warriors: Genealogies, Justice, Politics, and Hope'' Haymarket Books, 200 pages. {{ISBN|978-1608468973}}

== See also ==

*[[Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak]]
*[[Postcolonial Feminism]]
*[[Postcolonialism]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

==Further reading==
* The book Carty, Linda E. and Mohanty, Chandra Talpade, editors (2018). ''Feminist Freedom Warriors: Genealogies, Justice, Politics, and Hope'' Haymarket Books, 200 pages. {{ISBN|978-1608468973}} is in part description and transcripts of selected interviews from the digital media site.

==External links==
{{wikiquote}}
*{{Official|https://thecollege.syr.edu/people/faculty/mohanty-chandra-talpade/}}
* [http://feministfreedomwarriors.org Feminist Freedom Warriors digital archive]

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Mohanty, Chandra Talpade}}
[[Category:Feminist studies scholars]]
[[Category:1955 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian anti-capitalists]]
[[Category:Syracuse University faculty]]
[[Category:Multicultural feminism]]
[[Category:Postcolonial theorists]]
[[Category:Delhi University alumni]]
[[Category:University of Illinois College of Education alumni]]
[[Category:Hamilton College (New York) faculty]]

Jangi Lal Mahajan

2025-03-13T06:20:39Z

Vivekparulekar: New a post

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2024}}

'''Jangi Lal Mahajan''' (born 1948)<ref name=":0" /> is an Indian politician from [[Punjab]]. He is an MLA from [[Mukerian Assembly constituency]] in [[Hoshiarpur district|Hoshiarpur District]]. He won the [[2022 Punjab Legislative Assembly election]], representing the Bharatiya Janata Party.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-03-10 |title=Mukerian, Punjab Assembly Election Results 2022 LIVE Updates: BJP's Jangi Lal Mahajan wins Mukerian with 40475 votes |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/story/mukerian-punjab-assembly-election-results-2022-live-updates-1922881-2022-03-09 |access-date=2024-10-29 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Mukerian Election Result 2022 LIVE Updates :Jangi Lal Mahajan of BJP wins |url=https://www.news18.com/news/politics/mukerian-election-result-2022-live-updates-winner-loser-leading-trailing-mla-margin-4853249.html |access-date=2024-10-29 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref>

== Early life and education ==
Mahajan is from [[Mukerian]], [[Hoshiarpur district|Hoshiarpur District]], Punjab. He is the son of Om Parkash. He passed Class 10 in 1964. He passed Class 10 examinations conducted by Punjab School Education Board, Mohali in 1964.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Jangi Lal Mahajan(Bharatiya Janata Party(BJP)):Constituency- MUKERIAN(HOSHIARPUR) - Affidavit Information of Candidate |url=https://myneta.info/punjab2022/candidate.php?candidate_id=202 |access-date=2024-10-29 |website=myneta.info}}</ref>

== Career ==
Mahajan won from Mukerian Assembly constituency representing the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] in the 2022 Punjab Legislative Assembly election. He polled 41,044 votes.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Live |first=A. B. P. |date=2022-03-10 |title=Mukerian Punjab Election 2022 Final Results LIVE: BJP Candidate JANGI LAL MAHAJAN wins from Mukerian , Details Inside |url=https://news.abplive.com/elections/mukerian-election-2022-results-live-updates-constituency-vote-counting-winner-loser-tally-who-will-winpunjab-assembly-election-2022-latest-news-1518731 |access-date=2024-10-29 |website=news.abplive.com |language=en}}</ref> In the 2019 Punjab Legislative Assembly by election, he was very close to victory but eventually didn’t win as it was a by election and was fought against the sitting [[Indian National Congress|Indian Nation Congress]] government.<ref>{{Cite web |title=2019 setback paved way for my victory this time, says Jangi Lal Mahajan |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/jalandhar/2019-setback-paved-way-for-my-victory-this-time-says-jangi-lal-mahajan-379662/ |access-date=2025-01-19 |website=The Tribune |language=en}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Mahajan, Jangi Lal}}
[[Category:1948 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Punjab]]
[[Category:Punjab, India MLAs 2022–2027]]
[[Category:People from Hoshiarpur district]]

Gokuldas Tejpal Hospital

2025-02-22T20:42:15Z

Vivekparulekar: typo fix

{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2015}}
{{more citations needed|date=January 2017}}
[[File:Gokuldas_Tejpal_Hospital.jpg|thumb|Hospital building in 1888]]
'''Gokuldas Tejpal Hospital''' is a government of [[Maharashtra]] run free hospital in South Mumbai, India. It was built in 1875 thanks to the beneficence of [[Gokuldas Tejpal]], a renowned [[Hindu]] businessman and philanthropist of Mumbai.

Rustomjee Jamsetjee Jeejeebhoy offered £15,000 for the construction of a native hospital in 1865 if the government would put in £10,000. A financial crisis however led to Rustomjee being unable to follow it. Arthur Crawford helped obtain the £15,000 from Gokuldas Tejpal and getting the government to build it. The building work began on 10 May 1870 and was completed on 8 April 1874.<ref>{{cite journal|author="Xenophon"|year=1888|journal=Indian Engineering|url=https://archive.org/stream/indianengineerin04calcuoft#page/389/mode/1up|title=Goculdass Tejpal Hospital (Native)}}</ref> The original building was designed in early English Gothic style by Colonel Fuller. It used blue basalt facings with arches of Kurla stone, was paved with Minton's tiles and roofing with Taylor's patent tiles. Columns made of Kurla stone with caps of Porebunder stone.

The current Gokuldas Tejpal Hospital has its old and new buildings. A new hospital was being built to be privatised but the project ran into problems due to land ownership issues and is currently being contested with the building works being completely shut down.

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{coord|18.944614|72.831405|type:landmark|display=title|name=Gokuldas Tejpal Hospital}}

[[Category:Hospital buildings completed in 1875]]
[[Category:Hospitals in Mumbai]]
[[Category:1875 establishments in India]]

{{India-hospital-stub}}

Kirttivarman (Chandela dynasty)

2024-11-15T11:46:13Z

Vivekparulekar: New new info

{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2017}}
{{Infobox royalty
| name = Kirttivarman
| title = Parama-bhattaraka Maharajadhiraja Parameshvara, Kalanjaradhipati
| succession = [[Chandela]] king
| reign = c. 1060–1100 CE
| predecessor = [[Devavarman (Chandela dynasty)|Devavarman]]
| successor = [[Sallakshanavarman]]
| father = Vijayapala
| mother = Bhuvanadevi
| dynasty = [[Chandela]]
}}
'''Kirttivarman''' (reigned c. 1060–1100 CE), also known as Kīrtivarman, was a king of the [[Chandela]] dynasty of India. He ruled the Jejakabhukti region ([[Bundelkhand]] in present-day [[Madhya Pradesh]] and [[Uttar Pradesh]]). He revived the Chandela power by defeating the [[Kalachuris of Tripuri|Kalachuri]] king [[Lakshmikarna|Lakshmi-Karna]].

== Early life ==
{{Location map+
|India Madhya Pradesh
|float = right
|width = 300
|caption = Places where inscriptions of Kirttivarman have been discovered (map of [[Madhya Pradesh]])
|nodiv = 1
|mini = 1
|places =
{{location map~ |India Madhya Pradesh |lat=24.90|N |long=80.26|E |label=[[Ajaygadh]] |position=right}}
{{location map~ |India Madhya Pradesh |lat=24.53|N |long=78.24|E |label=[[Deogarh, Uttar Pradesh|Deogadh]]|position=left}}
}}
[[File:Kirtivarman Chandela visits the temple of Khajurahu.jpg|thumb|A 20th century artist's imagination of Kirtivarman Chandela visiting a [[Khajuraho]] temple]]
Kirttivarman was the son of the Chandela ruler [[Vijayapala]]. He was preceded by his elder brother [[Devavarman (Chandela dynasty)|Devavarman]], who probably died without any heir.{{sfn|Sisirkumar Mitra|1977|p=93}} The extant inscriptions of Kirttivarman include the 1090 CE [[Kalinjar]] inscription and the 1098 CE [[Deogarh, Uttar Pradesh|Deogadh]] rock inscription.{{sfn|Sisirkumar Mitra|1977|pp=99-100}}

== Battle victories ==

The Chandelas had been subjugated by the [[Kalachuris of Tripuri|Kalachuri]] king [[Lakshmikarna|Lakshmi-Karna]] during the reign of Devavarman. Kirttivarman revived the Chandela power by defeating Lakshmi-Karna. The [[Ajaygadh]] rock inscription of his descendant Viravarman states that he created a new kingdom by defeating Karna.{{sfn|Sisirkumar Mitra|1977|p=94}} A [[Mahoba]] inscription compares him to [[Purushottama]] ([[Vishnu]]), and states that crushed the haughty Lakshmi-Karna with his strong arms.{{sfn|Sisirkumar Mitra|1977|p=95}} ''Prabodha-Chandrodayam'', a play written by Kirttivarman's contemporary Shri Krishna Mishra, states that a man named Shri Gopala defeated Lakshmi-Karna and caused the rise of Kirttivarman. Because this play was staged in Kirttivarman's court, it appears that Shri Gopala was held in high esteem by the king. Historians variously believe Gopala to be a feudatory, a general or a cousin of Kirttivarman.{{sfn|Sisirkumar Mitra|1977|pp=96-99}} S. K. Mitra dates the battle to c. 1070 CE.{{sfn|Sisirkumar Mitra|1977|p=100}}

Chandela inscriptions also credit Kirttivarman with other victories, stating that he vanquished several enemies and that his commands "reached the borders of the sea".{{sfn|R. K. Dikshit|1976|p=107}}

The Muslim chronicle ''Diwan-i-Salman'' states that the [[Ghaznavid]] ruler [[Ibrahim of Ghazna|Ibrahim]] (r. c. 1059-1099 CE) attacked the Chandela stronghold [[Kalanjara]] (modern Kalinjar). This suggests that Kirttivarman must have faced an invasion from Ibrahim. There is no evidence that Chandelas lost control of Kalanjara during his reign, so this invasion was probably a mere raid.{{sfn|R. K. Dikshit|1976|p=108}}

== Administration ==

The 1098 CE Deogadh inscription names one Vatsaraja as Kirttivarman's chief minister. It records the construction of a [[ghat|series of steps]] on the banks of the [[Betwa River]], which flows by the Deogardh fort. It also states that Vatsaraja built the fort ("Kirttigiri-durga").{{sfn|Sisirkumar Mitra|1977|p=100}}

Ananta was another important minister of Kirttivarman. His father Mahipala had served Kirttivarman's father Vijayapala. Ananta held several positions, including ''Mantri'' (counsellor), ''Adhimata-Sachiva'' (approved minister), ''Hastyavaneta'' (leader of elephants and horses), and ''Purabaladhyaksha'' (in-charge of the defence of the capital).{{sfn|Sisirkumar Mitra|1977|pp=101-102}}

Kirttivarman is believed to have commissioned the Kirat Sagar lake in Mahoba, the Kirat Sagar lake in [[Chanderi]] and the Budhiya Tal lake in Kalinjar are said to have been commissioned by Kirttivarman. According to folk tradition, he suffered from [[leprosy]], and cured it by bathing in the Budhiya Tal.{{sfn|Sisirkumar Mitra|1977|p=103}}

== Religion ==

The inscriptions from Kirttivarman's reign suggest that he was a [[Shaivite]] but also patronized [[Vaishnavism]] and [[Jainism]].{{sfn|Sisirkumar Mitra|1977|pp=103-104}}

A [[Mau, Uttar Pradesh|Mau]] inscription portrays him as a righteous ruler who had conquered the [[Arishadvargas|six internal enemies]].{{sfn|R. K. Dikshit|1976|p=109}} Unlike the previous [[Khajuraho]] temples featuring erotic sculptures, the temples built during and after Kirttivarman's reign do not feature sexual imagery. M. L. Varadpande believes that Kirttivarman shifted the Chandela capital from Khajuraho to [[Mahoba]]. ''Prabodhana-Chandrodaya'', a play composed by Krishna Mishra during Kirttivarman's reign, is critical of overt sexual imagery in sculptural art.{{sfn|Manohar Laxman Varadpande|1987|p=292}} It ridicules the extreme [[Tantra|Tantric]] sects like [[Kapalika]]s.{{sfn|Sushil Kumar Sullerey|2004|p=26}}

The wall of a Shiva temple near Parmala tank in [[Ajaygadh]] bears the legend ''Shri-Kirtijayeshvara''. This probably refers to Kirttivarman.{{sfn|R. K. Dikshit|1976|p=111}}

== Coinage ==

The earliest of the extant Chandela coins are from Kirttivarman's reign. These are all gold coins weighing between 31 and 63 [[grain (unit)|grains]]. The coins feature a seated goddess on one side, and the legend ''Shrimat Kirttivarmanmadeva'' on the other side. This style was originally introduced by the [[Kalachuris of Tripuri|Kalachuri]] king [[Gangeyadeva|Gangeya-deva]]. Kirttivarman may have adopted this style to commemorate his victory over Gangeya's son Lakshmi-Karna.{{sfn|P. C. Roy|1980|p=50-51}}

== References ==
{{Reflist|30em}}

=== Bibliography ===

* {{cite book |author=Manohar Laxman Varadpande |title=History of Indian Theatre: Classical theatre |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fOZB7MbeMrAC&pg=PA292 |year=1987 |publisher=Abhinav |isbn=978-81-7017-430-1 }}
* {{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=f2Et2zZGJPUC&pg=PA69 |title=The Coinage of Northern India |author=P. C. Roy |publisher=Abhinav |year=1980 |isbn=9788170171225 }}
* {{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=a9j9ZJGJOV0C&pg=PA100 |title=The Candellas of Jejākabhukti |author=R. K. Dikshit |publisher=Abhinav |year=1976 |isbn=9788170170464 }}
* {{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=irHN2UA_Z7gC&pg=PA27 |title=The Early Rulers of Khajurāho |author=Sisirkumar Mitra |publisher=Motilal Banarsidass |year=1977 |isbn=9788120819979 }}
* {{cite book |author=Sushil Kumar Sullerey |title=Chandella Art |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Rj8RusFpYHIC&pg=PA25 |year=2004 |publisher=Aakar Books |isbn=978-81-87879-32-9 }}

{{Chandelas of Jejakabhukti}}

[[Category:Chandelas of Jejakabhukti]]
[[Category:11th-century Indian monarchs]]
[[Category:12th-century Indian monarchs]]

Vedapureeswarar temple, Thiruverkadu

2024-09-29T11:59:05Z

Vivekparulekar:

{{Short description|Hindu temple of Shiva in Thiruverkadu, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2020}}
{{Infobox Hindu temple
| name = Vedapureeswarar Temple
| image = Vedapureeswar temple, Thiruverkadu4.JPG
| alt =
| caption = Gateway tower of the temple
| map_type = India Tamil Nadu
| map_caption = Location in [[Tamil Nadu]]
| coordinates = {{coord|13|04|17|N|80|06|53|E|type:landmark_region:IN|display=inline,title}}
| other_names =
| proper_name =
| country = [[India]]
| state = [[Tamil Nadu]]
| district = [[Tiruvallur district|Tiruvallur]]
| locale =
| elevation_m =
| deity = Vedapureeswarar([[Shiva]])
| festivals=
| architecture = [[Dravidian architecture]]
| temple_quantity =
| monument_quantity=
| inscriptions =
| year_completed =
| creator =
| website =
}}

'''Vedapureeswarar Temple''' or '''Eswaran Dharmaraja Koil''' is a [[Hindu temple]] dedicated to the deity [[Shiva]], located in [[Thiruverkadu]], a Municipality in [[Tiruvallur district]] in the [[South India]]n state of [[Tamil Nadu]]. Shiva is worshipped as Vedapureeswarar, and is represented by the ''[[lingam]]''. His consort [[Parvati]] is depicted as Balambigai. The presiding deity is revered in the 7th century Tamil Saiva canonical work, the ''[[Tevaram]]'', written by Tamil saint poets known as the [[Nayanars]] and classified as ''[[Paadal Petra Sthalam]]''.

The temple complex covers two acres and it houses two gateway towers known as ''[[gopurams]]'', each facing the Vedapureeswarar and Balambigai shrine. The temple has a number of shrines, with those of Vedapureeswarar and his consort Balambigai being the most prominent.

The temple has six daily rituals at various times from 6:00 a.m. to 8:30 p.m., and four yearly festivals on its calendar. The Brahmotsavam festival is celebrated during the day of the Magam (February - March) is the most prominent festival.

The original complex is believed to have been built before 7th century CE by the [[Cholas]],{{citation needed|date=March 2022}} the temple was reconstructed in 1973 under the technical direction of G. Yegneswaran with the blessings of Sri Swamiji Ramadoss. In modern times, the temple is maintained and administered by the [[Hindu Religious and Charitable Endowments Department]] of the [[Government of Tamil Nadu]].

==Legend==
As per [[Hindu]] legend, during the divine wedding of [[Shiva]] and [[Parvati]], there was heavy crowd at [[Kailash]], the abode of Shiva. Sage [[Agastya]] could not view event and prayed to Shiva at this place to get him a view of the event. Pleased by his devotion, Shiva appeared to the sage and his wife [[Lopamudra]] along with Parvati in his marriage attire. Shiva made the place his abode and appeared in his marriage posture to Agastya. The same legend is associated with [[Papanasanathar Temple]] and [[Agasthiyar Falls]].<ref name=R>{{cite book|title=An introduction to religion and Philosophy - Tévarám and Tivviyappirapantam|url=https://archive.org/details/dli.jZY9lup2kZl6TuXGlZQdjZY2lZpy.TVA_BOK_0006115|last=R.|first=Dr. Vijayalakshmy|publisher=International Institute of Tamil Studies| location=Chennai|year=2001|edition=1st|pages=155–6}}</ref> The temple is also believed to be the place from where Shiva's son [[Murugan]] (Kartikeya) got his weapon to kill the demon king [[Surapadma]].<ref name=R/>

==Architecture==
This temple is situated 27 km from Chennai in [[Thiruverkadu]], a municipality in [[Tiruvallur district]]. The nearest railway station is at Avadi and the nearest airport is [[Chennai International Airport]]. The Shiva temple at Thiruverkadu is spread over an area of {{convert|1.5|acre|m2}}.<ref name="DinamalarTemples">{{cite web | url = https://temple.dinamalar.com/en/new_en.php?id=304 | title = Sri Vedapureeswarar Temple | last = | first = | date = n.d. | website = Dinamalar Temples | publisher = Dinamalar | access-date = 13 March 2022 | quote = }}</ref> The main rajagopuram, facing the east, is on the eastern side with seven tiers. The temple complex has three corridors (''prakaras'').<ref name="DinamalarTemples"/> The ''vimana'' above the sanctum sanctorum is of Gajabrushta design.<ref name="DinamalarTemples"/>

The [[Pushkarni|temple tank]] is located outside the main entrance. The two inner corridors are located inside the temple. At the main entrance, the sculptures of [[Ganapathy]] (Ganesha0 and Murugan can be found on both the sides. The main shrine accommodates the image of Shiva known as Vedapureeswarar and Parvati as his consort Balambigai. Like the Shiva temples in Thondai Nadu, the sanctum houses [[lingam]] (the aniconic symbol of Shiva) and the images of [[Kalyanasundara|Shiva and Parvati in wedding posture]]. There is a separate shrine for Balambigai to the right of Vedapureeswarar's sanctum. The first precinct on the four sides of the sanctum sancotrum are decorated with the images of [[Nayanars]], Murugan in the northwest and [[Durga]] on the northeast. The temple has [[Navagraha]], which is sculpted in a lotus pedestal. The temple has a separate shrine for [[Arunagirinathar]] and [[Murkha Nayanar]]. There is a prominent sculpture of Karumari Amman in the temple.<ref name=R/>

==Religious importance and festivals==
[[File:Vedapureeswar temple, Thiruverkadu4.JPG|200x200px|thumb|Gateway tower of the temple]]
It is one of the shrines of the 275 [[Paadal Petra Sthalams]] - [[Shiva Temples of Tamil Nadu#Sthalams|Shiva Sthalams]] glorified in the early medieval ''[[Tevaram]]'' poems by Tamil Saivite [[Nayanars|Nayanar]] [[Sambandar]].<ref name="DinamalarTemples"/> This is the 23rd Shiva temple in [[Tondaimandalam|Tondai region]] praised in Thevaram hymns.<ref name="DinamalarTemples"/> The temple also finds mention in [[Tirumular]]'s ''Thirumantiram'', [[Arunagirinathar]]'s ''Tiruppugazh'' and [[Manikkavacakar]]'s ''[[Tiruvacakam]]''.<ref>{{cite web|title=Verkadu|url=http://www.thevaaram.org/thirumurai_1/koil_view.php?koil_idField=273|publisher=Thevaaram.org|year=2011|access-date=14 March 2016}}</ref>

The temple priests perform the ''[[Puja (Hinduism)|puja]]'' (rituals) during festivals and on a daily basis. The temple rituals are performed six times a day; ''Kalasanthi'' at 6:00 a.m., ''Irandam Kalm'' at 9:00 a.m., ''Uchikalam'' at 12:00 a.m., ''Sayarakshai'' at 6:00 p.m, ''Irandam Kalm'' at 7:30 p.m., and ''Arthajamam'' at 9:00 p.m.. Each ritual comprises four steps: ''[[abhisheka]]'' (sacred bath), ''alangaram'' (decoration), ''[[Naivedhya|naivethanam]]'' (food offering) and ''deepa aradanai'' (waving of lamps) for Edaganathar and Elavrkuzhali. There are weekly rituals like ''{{lang|te-Latn|somavaram}}'' (Monday) and ''{{lang|te-Latn|sukravaram}}'' (Friday), fortnightly rituals like ''[[pradosha]]m'', and monthly festivals like ''[[amavasya|amavasai]]'' (new moon day), ''kiruthigai'', ''[[pournami (festival)|pournami]]'' (full moon day) and ''sathurthi''. Other festivals include Vinayaka Chaturthi, Aadi Pooram, Navaratri, Aippasi Pournami, Skanda Sashti, Kartikai Deepam, Arudra Darisanam, Tai Poosam, Maasi Magam, Panguni Uththiram and Vaikasi Visakam.<ref name=R/><ref name=dinamalar>{{cite web|title=Sri Vedapureeswarar temple|url=https://temple.dinamalar.com/en/new_en.php?id=304|publisher=[[Dinamalar]]|year=2014|access-date=24 November 2015}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[Heritage structures in Chennai]]
* [[Religion in Chennai]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{commons category}}

{{Famous Shiva temples}}
{{Places of worship in Chennai}}

[[Category:Hindu temples in Tiruvallur district]]
[[Category:Padal Petra Stalam]]

Nasikya kingdom

2024-08-31T23:17:58Z

Vivekparulekar: Put up first info more to come...

{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
'''Nasikya''' was a kingdom mentioned in the epic [[Mahabharata]]. During the time of [[Ramayana]] this place was a forest and was known as [[Panchavati]]. It was here that [[Raghava Rama]], [[Lakshmana]] and [[Rani Sita|Sita]] spent their period of exile from their kingdom [[Kosala Kingdom|Kosala]] into the woods.

== See also ==
*[[Kingdoms of Ancient India]]

== References ==
*[[Mahabharata]] of [[Krishna Dwaipayana Vyasa]], translated to English by Kisari Mohan Ganguli

==External links==
{{Tribes and kingdoms of the Mahabharata}}

[[Category:Kingdoms in the Mahabharata]]

{{hindu-myth-stub}}

One Town (Visakhapatnam)

2024-02-17T16:29:01Z

Vivekparulekar: put up initial place added tags

{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = One Town
| native_name =
| native_name_lang = te
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Neighbourhood
| image_skyline = Old British Customs house in Vizag Port area.jpg
| image_alt =
| image_caption = Old British Customs house in one town area
| pushpin_map = India Visakhapatnam
| pushpin_label_position = left
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Visakhapatnam
| coordinates = {{coord|17.695620|N|83.293901|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Andhra Pradesh]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Visakhapatnam district|Visakhapatnam]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body = [[Greater Visakhapatnam Municipal Corporation]]
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total =
| population_as_of =
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Telugu language|Telugu]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 530001
| registration_plate = AP-31
| website =
| footnotes =
}}

''' One Town''' also called the "old town", is located in [[Visakhapatnam]] City, [[India]]. The area falls under the local administrative limits of [[Greater Visakhapatnam Municipal Corporation]],<ref name=newindianexpress>{{cite news|title=location|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/andhra-pradesh/2017/apr/08/iconic-queen-victoria-statue-loses-its-sheen-lies-in-utter-neglect-1591332.html|access-date=23 September 2017|work=new indian express|date=11 April 2017}}</ref>

==History==
[[File:St Aloysius Anglo Indian High School (SAS) established in 1847 in Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh.jpg|thumb|left|200px|[[St Aloysius' Anglo-Indian High School]] (SAS) established in 1847 in One Town]]
Vizag's old town area or one town area has more than 300 years of history in British era the business of whole city was located here including the administration of [[Vizagapatam District (Madras Presidency)|Vizagapatam District]]. There are many old monuments built here like [[Town Hall Visakhapatnam]] (1904), Kurapam Market (1914), European Cemetery (1699), [[Queen Victoria Pavilion]] (1904), St John's Church (1844), Queen Mary's school (1800), Ishaq Madina dargah (1706), [[St Aloysius' Anglo-Indian High School]] (1847) and the Lighthouse (1903).<ref name=thenewsminute>{{cite news|title=History of old town|url=http://www.thenewsminute.com/article/dussehra-hyderabad-without-bathukamma-nope-here-s-why-68662|access-date=23 September 2017|work= the news minute|date=29 January 2017}}</ref>

==About==
The Old Town area runs from turner choultry to end of [[Visakhapatnam Port]]. It has many historical educational institutions there are so many middle class students are learning education here. The area is administered by [[Greater Visakhapatnam Municipal Corporation]].<ref name=thehindu>{{cite news|title=History of old town|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Visakhapatnam/Glorious-Town-Hall-in-Vizag-faces-uncertain-future/article16690377.ece|access-date=23 September 2017|work= the hindu|date=24 November 2016}}</ref>

==Transport==
There are many buses running to every corner of the city from here.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.smartvizag.com/localbus/|title=transport of one town}}</ref>

;[[Andhra Pradesh State Road Transport Corporation|APSRTC]] routes:
{| class="sortable wikitable"
|-
!Route Number
!Start
!End
!Via
|-
|25K
|Bakkannapalem
|Old Head Post Office
|Madhurawada, Yendada, Hanumanthuwaka, Maddilapalem, RTC Complex, Jagadamba Centre, Town Kotharoad
|-
|25M
|Marikavalasa
|Old Head Post Office
|Madhurawada, Yendada, Hanumanthuwaka, Maddilapalem, RTC Complex, Jagadamba Centre, Town Kotharoad
|-
|25G
|Ganeshnagar
|Old Head Post Office
|Madhurawada, Yendada, Hanumanthuwaka, Maddilapalem, RTC Complex, Jagadamba Centre, Town Kotharoad
|-
|25S
|YSR Nagar
|Old Head Post Office
|Madhurawada, Yendada, Hanumanthuwaka, Maddilapalem, RTC Complex, Jagadamba Centre, Town Kotharoad
|-
|25E
|Kommadi
|Old Head Post Office
|Madhurawada, Yendada, Hanumanthuwaka, Maddilapalem, RTC Complex, Jagadamba Centre, Town Kotharoad
|-
|52D
|Ravindra Nagar
|Old Head Post Office
|Town Kotharoad, Jagadamba Centre, RTC Complex, Maddilapalem, Hanumanthuwaka
|-
|52S
|Sagarnagar
|Old Head Post Office
|Town Kotharoad, Jagadamba Centre, RTC Complex, Maddilapalem, Hanumanthuwaka, Visalakshinagar
|-
|52E
|Peda Rushikonda
|Old Head Post Office
|Town Kotharoad, Jagadamba Centre, RTC Complex, Maddilapalem, Hanumanthuwaka, Yendada, Rushikonda
|-
|20A
|HB Colony
|Old Head Post Office
|Town Kotharoad, Jagadamba Centre, RTC Complex, Gurudwar, Satyam Junction, Seethammadhara
|-
|17K
|Bhimili
|Old Head Post Office
|Town Kotharoad, Jagadamba Centre, RTC Complex, Siripuram, Pedawaltair, Appughar, Sagarnagar, Rushikonda, Thimmapuram, INS Kalinga
|-
|60
|Simhachalam
|Old Head Post Office
|Town Kotharoad, Jagadamba Centre, RTC Complex, Maddilapalem, Hanumanthuwaka, Arilova, Adavivaram
|-
|6
|Old Head Post Office
|Simhachalam
|Town Kotharoad, Convent, Kancharapalem, NAD Kotharoad, Gopalapatnam
|-
|6K
|Old Head Post Office
|Kothavalasa
|Town Kotharoad, Convent, Kancharapalem, NAD Kotharoad, Gopalapatnam, Vepagunta, Pendurthi
|-
|60C
|Arilova Colony
|Old Head Post Office
|Town Kotharoad, Jagadamba Centre, RTC Complex, Maddilapalem, Hanumanthuwaka
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Visakhapatnam}}
{{Neighbourhoods of Visakhapatnam}}

[[Category:Neighbourhoods in Visakhapatnam]]

{{Visakhapatnam-geo-stub}}

Main Nahi Anna

2023-11-30T21:21:38Z

Vivekparulekar: Redirect page

#REDIRECT [[Manish Gupta (director)]]

Tatanagar

2023-11-29T02:29:44Z

Vivekparulekar: created redirect page

#REDIRECT [[Tatanagar Junction railway station]] {{R from merge}}

Dastak (trade permit)

2023-11-28T21:23:24Z

Vivekparulekar: Started info

{{Short description|Colonial Era trade permit issued by Indian kings}}
'''Dastak''' was a trade permit mostly issued to European traders by officials of the East India Company. The trade permit waived customs or transicharges for personal goods.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kVSh_TyJ0YoC&pg=PA151|title=Land of Two Rivers: A History of Bengal from the Mahabharata to Mujib|last=Sengupta|first=Nitish K.|date=2011|publisher=Penguin Books India|isbn=9780143416784|location=|pages=151|language=en}}</ref> The power to issue trade permits was conferred upon Company officials by the Mughal Emperor [[Farrukhsiyar]] after [[William Hamilton (surgeon)|William Hamilton]], a surgeon associated with the Company cured him of a disease.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Calcutta : society and change, 1690-1990|last=Roy, Samaren.|date=2005|publisher=iUniverse|isbn=0595342302|location=Lincoln, NE|pages=29|oclc=62595879}}</ref>

== Definition ==
The practice of using dastaks for almost any goods was consolidated by [[Robert Clive]] when he overthrew the then [[Nawabs of Bengal and Murshidabad|Nawab of Bengal]], [[Mir Qasim|Mir Quasim]] after he opposed the British East India Company's position that their dastaks meant that they could trade without paying taxes (other local merchants with dastaks were required to pay up to 40% of their revenue as tax). The British then seized control of the province of Bengal by reinstating puppet ruler [[Mir Jafar]].<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fDxyDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA90|title=Through The Ages History & Civics class 8|last=GUPTA|first=TAPATI DAS|publisher=S. Chand Publishing|year=|isbn=9789352534173|location=|pages=90|language=en}}</ref>

== Advantages ==
The dastak was an important reason for the impoverishment of Bengal. Company officials were able to make personal fortunes by using the dastaks which allowed them to skip paying custom duties altogether. This led to a drain in wealth from Bengal. The practice of abusing trade laws was institutionalized such that any gain made by the Indian products in foreign markets translated into a financial gain for Britain.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nIgp7wmh0fgC&pg=PA55|title=Remembering 1857|last1=Conference|first1=Democratic Youth Federation of India All India|last2=Basu|first2=Jyoti|last3=Committee|first3=Students' Federation of India Tamilnadu State|publisher=Bharathi Puthakalayam|year=|isbn=|location=|pages=55–56|language=en}}</ref>

== Abolishment ==
The practise of issuing dastaks to traders was abolished by [[Warren Hastings]] due to the disadvantage the dastaks offered to the local Indian traders.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1spRAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA8|title=Warren Hastings and Philip Francis|last=Weitzman|first=Sophia|publisher=Manchester University Press|year=1929|isbn=|location=|pages=8|language=en}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==

* {{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/dastak|title=Dastak {{!}} trade permit|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en|access-date=2019-11-11}}

[[Category:Government of the Mughal Empire]]
[[Category:Bengal Presidency]]
[[Category:18th century in British India]]
[[Category:British East India Company]]

Najanpur

2023-09-17T08:59:37Z

Vivekparulekar: typo fix

{{Use Indian English|date=January 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2023}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Najanpur
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Village
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| image_map = Unchahar block map.png
| map_caption = Map showing Najanpur (#233) in Unchahar CD block
| pushpin_map = India Uttar Pradesh
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Uttar Pradesh, India
| coordinates = {{coord|25.937723|N|81.272431|E|display=inline,title}}<ref name="GeoNames">{{cite web |title=GeoNames Search |url=https://geonames.nga.mil/namesgaz/ |website=geonames.nga.mil |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140412035207/https://geonames.nga.mil/namesgaz/ |archive-date=April 12, 2014 |language=en}}</ref>
| subdivision_type = Country India
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Raebareli district|Raebareli]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes = <ref name="Census 2011"/>
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 = 0.70
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 548
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes = <ref name="Census 2011"/>
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi language|Hindi]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code =
| registration_plate = UP-35
| website =
| footnotes =
}}
'''Najanpur''' is a village in [[Unchahar]] block of [[Raebareli district]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[India]].<ref name="Census 2011">{{cite web |title=Census of India 2011: Uttar Pradesh District Census Handbook - Rae Bareli, Part A (Village and Town Directory) |pages=306–30 |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/09/0927_PART_A_DCHB_RAE%20BARELI.pdf |website=Census 2011 India|access-date=24 August 2021}}</ref> It is located 35 km from [[Raebareli]], the district headquarters.<ref name="Census 1981"/> As of 2011, it has a population of 548 people, in 105 households.<ref name="Census 2011"/> It has one primary school and no healthcare facilities.<ref name="Census 2011"/>

The [[1961 Census of India|1961 census]] recorded Najanpur as comprising 1 hamlet, with a total population of 160 people (86 male and 74 female), in 13 households and 13 physical houses.<ref name="Census 1961">{{cite book |title=Census 1961: District Census Handbook, Uttar Pradesh (39 - Raebareli District) |date=1965 |location=Lucknow |pages=cxviii-cxix of section "Salon Tahsil" |url=http://lsi.gov.in:8081/jspui/bitstream/123456789/1047/1/22852_1961_RAE.pdf |access-date=24 August 2021}}</ref> The area of the village was given as 172 [[acre]]s.<ref name="Census 1961"/>

The [[1981 Census of India|1981 census]] recorded Najanpur as having a population of 225 people, in 48 households, and having an area of 70.00 [[hectare]]s.<ref name="Census 1981">{{cite book |title=Census 1981 Uttar Pradesh: District Census Handbook Part XIII-A: Village & Town Directory, District Rae Bareli |date=1982 |pages=236–7 |url=http://lsi.gov.in:8081/jspui/bitstream/123456789/1298/1/50861_1981_RAE.pdf |access-date=24 August 2021}}</ref> The main staple foods were listed as wheat and rice.<ref name="Census 1981"/>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Raebareli district}}

[[Category:Villages in Raebareli district]]

{{Raebareli-geo-stub}}