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Sindhe Khan

2026-05-08T14:06:22Z

Vivek.Dantkale: new data

{{short description|Indian classical vocalist}}
{{Orphan|date=October 2024}}

{{Use Indian English|date=October 2024}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2025}}
{{Infobox person 
| image =
| image_size =
| caption =
| honorific_prefix = Baba
| name = Sindhe Khan
| honorific_suffix =
| birth_name =
| birth_date = 1885
| birth_place =
| death_date = {{Death date and age|df=y|1950|06|17|1885|01|01}}
| death_place = Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| years_active = 1900–1950
| occupation = [[Hindustani classical music|Hindustani Classical]] [[Vocalist]]
| parents = Amir Khan (father)
| signature =
| awards =
| module = {{Infobox musical artist
| embed = yes
| instrument = [[Voice]]
| genre =  {{hlist|[[Khayal]]|[[Dhrupad]]|[[Dhamar (music)|Dhamar]]|[[Tarana]]|[[Bhajan]]|[[Abhang]]|[[Natya Sangeet]]|[[Thumri]]}}
}}
}}

'''Baba Sindhe Khan''' (sometimes spelled '''Sendhe Khan''' or '''Sinde Khan''') (c. 1885 – 17 June 1950) was an [[Hindustani classical music|Indian classical]] vocalist of the [[Gwalior gharana|Gwalior Gharana]]. He is known for being among the senior hereditary maestro musicians who influenced the [[Indian independence movement|pre-Independence]] Bombay musical scene and its many musicians.

Khan is memorialized in [[B. R. Deodhar|B. R. Deodhar's]] biographical anthology, ''Pillars of Hindustani Music''.<ref>{{cite book |author=Sangit Mahabharati |title=The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Music of India |date=2011 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=9780199797721}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Dasasarma |first1=Amala |title=Musicians of India: Past and Present Gharanas of Hindustani Music and Genealogies |date=1993 |publisher=Naya Prokash |isbn=9788185421186}}</ref>

==Background==
===Life and career===
Khan was the son and disciple of [[Amir Khan (Gwalior singer)|Amir Khan]], also known as "Meeran Baksh Khan." Amir Khan was a disciple of [[Banney Khan (singer)|Banney Khan]] of [[Gwalior gharana]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Deodhar |first1=B. R. |title=Pillars of Hindustani Music |date=1993 |publisher=Popular Prakashan |isbn=9788171545551}}</ref> Some accounts suggest Amir Khan was also a cousin of Banney Khan.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Khan |first1=Sadaqat Aman |title=Gharanas of Indian Music |date=2022 |publisher=Notion Press |isbn=9798885694117 |page=54}}</ref> Amir Khan was a friend of [[Balakrishnabuwa Ichalkaranjikar]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Wade |first1=Bonnie C. |title=Khyal: Creativity Within North India's Classical Music Tradition |date=1985 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=9780521256599 |page=42}}</ref>

After his father's early death, Khan and his brother [[Pyar Khan]] traveled extensively, including to Kabul and sang in small groups. He spent some time in Karachi with a wealthy patron, Seth Bishandas. Fond of mysticism, Bishandas' influence compelled Khan to live as a [[fakir]].{{citation needed|date= October 2024}}

In 1919, Khan relocated to Bombay and sustained himself on music tuitions. His reclusive and temperamental behavior led to a poor reputation. He developed an alcohol problem. He came into the care of one of his female disciples, Karamjan.{{citation needed|date= October 2024}}

He often visited [[Vishnu Digambar Paluskar|V. D. Paluskar's]] [[Gandharva Mahavidyalaya|music school]] in Bombay and sing their about once or twice a month.{{citation needed|date= October 2024}}

===Death===
On 17 June 1950, Khan died at [[St George Hospital, Mumbai|St. George's Hospital]] in Bombay.{{citation needed|date= October 2024}}

==Legacy==
Khan does not appear to have major disciples outside of [[B. R. Deodhar]] and [[Bade Ghulam Ali Khan]] and his nephew [[Umeed Ali Khan]]. Nevertheless, his music influenced popular singers like [[Chhota Gandharva]].<ref>{{cite web |author=Doordarshan Sahyadri |title=Swarraj {{!}} Chotta Gandharva Part – II |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=knZRolijoQc |via=YouTube |date=17 November 2020 |publisher=Doordarshan}}</ref>

Khan's tomb is located at Shuklaji Street in Mumbai.

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Khan, Sindhe}}
[[Category:1885 births]]
[[Category:1950 deaths]]
[[Category:Hindustani singers]]
[[Category:Indian classical singers]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian singers]]
[[Category:Gwalior gharana]]
[[Category:Patiala gharana]]
[[Category:Hindustani musicians]]
[[Category:20th-century Khyal singers]]

Bharatpedia:Version 1.0 Editorial Team/Maharashtra articles by quality log

2026-05-08T00:17:19Z

Vivek.Dantkale: new a bio

<noinclude>{{Log}}
{{Automatically generated}}</noinclude>
=== May 8, 2026 ===
==== Reassessed ====
* '''[[Ila Arab Mehta]]''' ([[Talk:Ila_Arab_Mehta|talk]]) reassessed. Quality rating changed from '''Start-Class''' to '''C-Class'''. ([https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ila%20Arab%20Mehta&oldid=1352982378 rev] · [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Talk%3AIla_Arab_Mehta&oldid=1352982425 t])

==== Assessed ====
* '''[[Hadgaon taluka]]''' ([[Talk:Hadgaon_taluka|talk]]) assessed. Quality assessed as '''Unassessed-Class'''. ([https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hadgaon%20taluka&oldid=1324367555 rev] · [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Talk%3AHadgaon_taluka&oldid=1352963682 t]) Importance assessed as '''Unknown-Class'''. ([https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hadgaon%20taluka&oldid=1324367555 rev] · [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Talk%3AHadgaon_taluka&oldid=1352963682 t])
* '''[[Haj House, Aurangabad]]''' ([[Talk:Haj_House,_Aurangabad|talk]]) assessed. Quality assessed as '''Unassessed-Class'''. ([https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Haj%20House%2C%20Aurangabad&oldid=1340169965 rev] · [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Talk%3AHaj_House%2C_Aurangabad&oldid=1352963764 t]) Importance assessed as '''Unknown-Class'''. ([https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Haj%20House%2C%20Aurangabad&oldid=1340169965 rev] · [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Talk%3AHaj_House%2C_Aurangabad&oldid=1352963764 t])

==== Removed ====
* '''[[Amruta Fadnavis]]''' ([[Talk:Amruta_Fadnavis|talk]]) removed.
* '''[[Thakur College of Science and Commerce]]''' ([[Talk:Thakur_College_of_Science_and_Commerce|talk]]) removed.

=== May 7, 2026 ===
==== Reassessed ====
* '''[[Bajaj Life Insurance]]''' ([[Talk:Bajaj_Life_Insurance|talk]]) reassessed. Quality rating changed from '''Redirect-Class''' to '''Start-Class'''. ([https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bajaj%20Life%20Insurance&oldid=1352868516 rev] · [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Talk%3ABajaj_Life_Insurance&oldid=1352868517 t])

=== May 6, 2026 ===
==== Reassessed ====
* '''[[Indian Maritime University Navi Mumbai]]''' ([[Talk:Indian_Maritime_University_Navi_Mumbai|talk]]) reassessed. Quality rating changed from '''C-Class''' to '''Redirect-Class'''. ([https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Indian%20Maritime%20University%20Navi%20Mumbai&oldid=1352606334 rev] · [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Talk%3AIndian_Maritime_University_Navi_Mumbai&oldid=1352606335 t])
* '''[[Karawadi]]''' ([[Talk:Karawadi|talk]]) reassessed. Quality rating changed from '''Unassessed-Class''' to '''C-Class'''. ([https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Karawadi&oldid=1352470447 rev] · [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Talk%3AKarawadi&oldid=1352620737 t])

=== May 5, 2026 ===
==== Renamed ====
* '''[[Fourth Yashwantrao Chavan ministry]]''' renamed to '''[[Second Yashwantrao Chavan ministry (Maharashtra)]]'''.

==== Assessed ====
* '''[[Second Yashwantrao Chavan ministry (Maharashtra)]]''' ([[Talk:Second_Yashwantrao_Chavan_ministry_(Maharashtra)|talk]]) assessed. Quality assessed as '''Stub-Class'''. ([https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Second%20Yashwantrao%20Chavan%20ministry%20%28Maharashtra%29&oldid=1024813901 rev] · [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Talk%3ASecond_Yashwantrao_Chavan_ministry_%28Maharashtra%29&oldid=1049120864 t]) Importance assessed as '''Low-Class'''. ([https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Second%20Yashwantrao%20Chavan%20ministry%20%28Maharashtra%29&oldid=1024813901 rev] · [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Talk%3ASecond_Yashwantrao_Chavan_ministry_%28Maharashtra%29&oldid=1049120864 t])

=== May 4, 2026 ===
==== Reassessed ====
* '''[[Bahadoli]]''' ([[Talk:Bahadoli|talk]]) reassessed. Quality rating changed from '''Unassessed-Class''' to '''C-Class'''. ([https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bahadoli&oldid=1336685118 rev] · [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Talk%3ABahadoli&oldid=1352284960 t])
* '''[[Marathwada Mitra Mandal's College of Engineering]]''' ([[Talk:Marathwada_Mitra_Mandal's_College_of_Engineering|talk]]) reassessed. Quality rating changed from '''Unassessed-Class''' to '''C-Class'''. ([https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Marathwada%20Mitra%20Mandal%27s%20College%20of%20Engineering&oldid=1350874411 rev] · [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Talk%3AMarathwada_Mitra_Mandal%27s_College_of_Engineering&oldid=1352308375 t])
* '''[[Mhasala taluka]]''' ([[Talk:Mhasala_taluka|talk]]) reassessed. Quality rating changed from '''Unassessed-Class''' to '''Start-Class'''. ([https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mhasala%20taluka&oldid=1352291270 rev] · [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Talk%3AMhasala_taluka&oldid=1352291310 t])
* '''[[Narsobawadi]]''' ([[Talk:Narsobawadi|talk]]) reassessed. Quality rating changed from '''Unassessed-Class''' to '''C-Class'''. ([https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Narsobawadi&oldid=1352308556 rev] · [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Talk%3ANarsobawadi&oldid=1352308615 t])
* '''[[Navi Mumbai Municipal Transport]]''' ([[Talk:Navi_Mumbai_Municipal_Transport|talk]]) reassessed. Quality rating changed from '''Unassessed-Class''' to '''Start-Class'''. ([https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Navi%20Mumbai%20Municipal%20Transport&oldid=1331434378 rev] · [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Talk%3ANavi_Mumbai_Municipal_Transport&oldid=1352308717 t])
* '''[[Outer Ring Road, Pune]]''' ([[Talk:Outer_Ring_Road,_Pune|talk]]) reassessed. Quality rating changed from '''Unassessed-Class''' to '''Start-Class'''. ([https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Outer%20Ring%20Road%2C%20Pune&oldid=1314636851 rev] · [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Talk%3AOuter_Ring_Road%2C_Pune&oldid=1352308942 t])
* '''[[Pimapalas]]''' ([[Talk:Pimapalas|talk]]) reassessed. Quality rating changed from '''Unassessed-Class''' to '''C-Class'''. ([https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pimapalas&oldid=1265781543 rev] · [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Talk%3APimapalas&oldid=1352309080 t])
* '''[[Shah Buruj]]''' ([[Talk:Shah_Buruj|talk]]) reassessed. Quality rating changed from '''Unassessed-Class''' to '''C-Class'''. ([https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shah%20Buruj&oldid=1210863868 rev] · [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Talk%3AShah_Buruj&oldid=1352309311 t])
* '''[[Symbiosis Institute of Management Studies Pune]]''' ([[Talk:Symbiosis_Institute_of_Management_Studies_Pune|talk]]) reassessed. Quality rating changed from '''Unassessed-Class''' to '''B-Class'''. ([https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Symbiosis%20Institute%20of%20Management%20Studies%20Pune&oldid=1341032318 rev] · [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Talk%3ASymbiosis_Institute_of_Management_Studies_Pune&oldid=1352306149 t])
* '''[[The Rutu Estate]]''' ([[Talk:The_Rutu_Estate|talk]]) reassessed. Quality rating changed from '''Unassessed-Class''' to '''Start-Class'''. ([https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The%20Rutu%20Estate&oldid=1347596005 rev] · [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Talk%3AThe_Rutu_Estate&oldid=1352309207 t])
* '''[[Umalwad]]''' ([[Talk:Umalwad|talk]]) reassessed. Quality rating changed from '''Unassessed-Class''' to '''Stub-Class'''. ([https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Umalwad&oldid=1352276607 rev] · [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Talk%3AUmalwad&oldid=1352309753 t])
* '''[[Uran taluka]]''' ([[Talk:Uran_taluka|talk]]) reassessed. Quality rating changed from '''Unassessed-Class''' to '''Start-Class'''. ([https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Uran%20taluka&oldid=1351494424 rev] · [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Talk%3AUran_taluka&oldid=1352309675 t])
* '''[[Wathar]]''' ([[Talk:Wathar|talk]]) reassessed. Quality rating changed from '''Unassessed-Class''' to '''C-Class'''. ([https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wathar&oldid=1352309519 rev] · [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Talk%3AWathar&oldid=1352309576 t])

==== Assessed ====
* '''[[New Horizon Scholars School, Thane]]''' ([[Talk:New_Horizon_Scholars_School,_Thane|talk]]) assessed. Quality assessed as '''Start-Class'''. ([https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=New%20Horizon%20Scholars%20School%2C%20Thane&oldid=1350571644 rev] · [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Talk%3ANew_Horizon_Scholars_School%2C_Thane&oldid=1352308825 t]) Importance assessed as '''Unknown-Class'''. ([https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=New%20Horizon%20Scholars%20School%2C%20Thane&oldid=1350571644 rev] · [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Talk%3ANew_Horizon_Scholars_School%2C_Thane&oldid=1352291532 t])

=== May 3, 2026 ===
==== Renamed ====
* '''[[Government College of Engineering, Aurangabad]]''' renamed to '''[[Government College of Engineering, Chhatrapati Sambhajinagar]]'''.
* '''[[Third Yashwantrao Chavan ministry]]''' renamed to '''[[First Yashwantrao Chavan ministry (Maharashtra)]]'''.
==== Reassessed ====
* '''[[Dahanu taluka]]''' ([[Talk:Dahanu_taluka|talk]]) reassessed. Quality rating changed from '''Unassessed-Class''' to '''Stub-Class'''. ([https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dahanu%20taluka&oldid=1223765529 rev] · [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Talk%3ADahanu_taluka&oldid=1352141104 t])
* '''[[Dhandai Devi]]''' ([[Talk:Dhandai_Devi|talk]]) reassessed. Quality rating changed from '''Unassessed-Class''' to '''Start-Class'''. ([https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dhandai%20Devi&oldid=1351807264 rev] · [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Talk%3ADhandai_Devi&oldid=1352185290 t])
* '''[[Dnyaneshwar Dnyan Mandir High School And Junior College]]''' ([[Talk:Dnyaneshwar_Dnyan_Mandir_High_School_And_Junior_College|talk]]) reassessed. Quality rating changed from '''Unassessed-Class''' to '''Start-Class'''. ([https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dnyaneshwar%20Dnyan%20Mandir%20High%20School%20And%20Junior%20College&oldid=1339867845 rev] · [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Talk%3ADnyaneshwar_Dnyan_Mandir_High_School_And_Junior_College&oldid=1352160281 t])
* '''[[Kanhersar]]''' ([[Talk:Kanhersar|talk]]) reassessed. Quality rating changed from '''Unassessed-Class''' to '''C-Class'''. ([https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kanhersar&oldid=1352143443 rev] · [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Talk%3AKanhersar&oldid=1352143491 t])
* '''[[Mahur taluka]]''' ([[Talk:Mahur_taluka|talk]]) reassessed. Quality rating changed from '''Unassessed-Class''' to '''Start-Class'''. ([https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mahur%20taluka&oldid=1166239190 rev] · [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Talk%3AMahur_taluka&oldid=1352138308 t])
* '''[[Murbad taluka]]''' ([[Talk:Murbad_taluka|talk]]) reassessed. Quality rating changed from '''Unassessed-Class''' to '''Start-Class'''. ([https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Murbad%20taluka&oldid=1352144416 rev] · [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Talk%3AMurbad_taluka&oldid=1352144448 t])
* '''[[Murli, Osmanabad]]''' ([[Talk:Murli,_Osmanabad|talk]]) reassessed. Quality rating changed from '''Unassessed-Class''' to '''Start-Class'''. ([https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Murli%2C%20Osmanabad&oldid=1352144545 rev] · [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Talk%3AMurli%2C_Osmanabad&oldid=1352144620 t])
* '''[[Shahapur taluka]]''' ([[Talk:Shahapur_taluka|talk]]) reassessed. Quality rating changed from '''Unassessed-Class''' to '''Stub-Class'''. ([https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shahapur%20taluka&oldid=1314536481 rev] · [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Talk%3AShahapur_taluka&oldid=1352161983 t])
* '''[[Talasari taluka]]''' ([[Talk:Talasari_taluka|talk]]) reassessed. Quality rating changed from '''Unassessed-Class''' to '''Stub-Class'''. ([https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Talasari%20taluka&oldid=1223799840 rev] · [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Talk%3ATalasari_taluka&oldid=1352139036 t])
* '''[[Thane taluka]]''' ([[Talk:Thane_taluka|talk]]) reassessed. Quality rating changed from '''Unassessed-Class''' to '''C-Class'''. ([https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Thane%20taluka&oldid=1352162150 rev] · [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Talk%3AThane_taluka&oldid=1352162190 t])

==== Assessed ====
* '''[[First Yashwantrao Chavan ministry (Maharashtra)]]''' ([[Talk:First_Yashwantrao_Chavan_ministry_(Maharashtra)|talk]]) assessed. Quality assessed as '''Redirect-Class'''. ([https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=First%20Yashwantrao%20Chavan%20ministry%20%28Maharashtra%29&oldid=1352157022 rev] · [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Talk%3AFirst_Yashwantrao_Chavan_ministry_%28Maharashtra%29&oldid=1352157024 t]) Importance assessed as '''Low-Class'''. ([https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=First%20Yashwantrao%20Chavan%20ministry%20%28Maharashtra%29&oldid=1096766676 rev] · [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Talk%3AFirst_Yashwantrao_Chavan_ministry_%28Maharashtra%29&oldid=1096872238 t])
* '''[[Government College of Engineering, Chhatrapati Sambhajinagar]]''' ([[Talk:Government_College_of_Engineering,_Chhatrapati_Sambhajinagar|talk]]) assessed. Quality assessed as '''Start-Class'''. ([https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Government%20College%20of%20Engineering%2C%20Chhatrapati%20Sambhajinagar&oldid=1295116638 rev] · [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Talk%3AGovernment_College_of_Engineering%2C_Chhatrapati_Sambhajinagar&oldid=1202402535 t]) Importance assessed as '''Low-Class'''. ([https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Government%20College%20of%20Engineering%2C%20Chhatrapati%20Sambhajinagar&oldid=1295116638 rev] · [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Talk%3AGovernment_College_of_Engineering%2C_Chhatrapati_Sambhajinagar&oldid=1202402535 t])
* '''[[Outer Ring Road, Pune]]''' ([[Talk:Outer_Ring_Road,_Pune|talk]]) assessed. Importance assessed as '''Unknown-Class'''. ([https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Outer%20Ring%20Road%2C%20Pune&oldid=1314636851 rev] · [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Talk%3AOuter_Ring_Road%2C_Pune&oldid=1352138466 t])
* '''[[Shah Buruj]]''' ([[Talk:Shah_Buruj|talk]]) assessed. Importance assessed as '''Unknown-Class'''. ([https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shah%20Buruj&oldid=1210863868 rev] · [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Talk%3AShah_Buruj&oldid=1352163110 t])
* '''[[Umalwad]]''' ([[Talk:Umalwad|talk]]) assessed. Importance assessed as '''Unknown-Class'''. ([https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Umalwad&oldid=1258171412 rev] · [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Talk%3AUmalwad&oldid=1352139207 t])

=== May 2, 2026 ===
==== Reassessed ====
* '''[[Bhiwandi taluka]]''' ([[Talk:Bhiwandi_taluka|talk]]) reassessed. Quality rating changed from '''Unassessed-Class''' to '''Start-Class'''. ([https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bhiwandi%20taluka&oldid=1352034237 rev] · [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Talk%3ABhiwandi_taluka&oldid=1352034329 t])
* '''[[Tala taluka]]''' ([[Talk:Tala_taluka|talk]]) reassessed. Quality rating changed from '''Unassessed-Class''' to '''Start-Class'''. ([https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tala%20taluka&oldid=1352040362 rev] · [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Talk%3ATala_taluka&oldid=1352040413 t])
* '''[[Vasai taluka]]''' ([[Talk:Vasai_taluka|talk]]) reassessed. Quality rating changed from '''Unassessed-Class''' to '''Start-Class'''. ([https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vasai%20taluka&oldid=1352007208 rev] · [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Talk%3AVasai_taluka&oldid=1352007262 t])
* '''[[Walgaon Assembly constituency]]''' ([[Talk:Walgaon_Assembly_constituency|talk]]) reassessed. Quality rating changed from '''Unassessed-Class''' to '''Start-Class'''. ([https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Walgaon%20Assembly%20constituency&oldid=1347767130 rev] · [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Talk%3AWalgaon_Assembly_constituency&oldid=1352064734 t])
* '''[[Walkeshwar Assembly constituency]]''' ([[Talk:Walkeshwar_Assembly_constituency|talk]]) reassessed. Quality rating changed from '''Unassessed-Class''' to '''Start-Class'''. ([https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Walkeshwar%20Assembly%20constituency&oldid=1336517018 rev] · [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Talk%3AWalkeshwar_Assembly_constituency&oldid=1352065387 t])
* '''[[Yawal Assembly constituency]]''' ([[Talk:Yawal_Assembly_constituency|talk]]) reassessed. Quality rating changed from '''Unassessed-Class''' to '''C-Class'''. ([https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Yawal%20Assembly%20constituency&oldid=1347937431 rev] · [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Talk%3AYawal_Assembly_constituency&oldid=1352007793 t])

==== Assessed ====
* '''[[Mhasala taluka]]''' ([[Talk:Mhasala_taluka|talk]]) assessed. Importance assessed as '''Unknown-Class'''. ([https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mhasala%20taluka&oldid=1263973450 rev] · [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Talk%3AMhasala_taluka&oldid=1352037902 t])
* '''[[Murli, Osmanabad]]''' ([[Talk:Murli,_Osmanabad|talk]]) assessed. Importance assessed as '''Unknown-Class'''. ([https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Murli%2C%20Osmanabad&oldid=1334275958 rev] · [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Talk%3AMurli%2C_Osmanabad&oldid=1352005088 t])
* '''[[Shahapur taluka]]''' ([[Talk:Shahapur_taluka|talk]]) assessed. Importance assessed as '''Unknown-Class'''. ([https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shahapur%20taluka&oldid=1314536481 rev] · [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Talk%3AShahapur_taluka&oldid=1352006592 t])
* '''[[Talasari taluka]]''' ([[Talk:Talasari_taluka|talk]]) assessed. Importance assessed as '''Unknown-Class'''. ([https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Talasari%20taluka&oldid=1223799840 rev] · [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Talk%3ATalasari_taluka&oldid=1352040590 t])
* '''[[The Rutu Estate]]''' ([[Talk:The_Rutu_Estate|talk]]) assessed. Importance assessed as '''Unknown-Class'''. ([https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The%20Rutu%20Estate&oldid=1347596005 rev] · [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Talk%3AThe_Rutu_Estate&oldid=1352006191 t])

Rathwali dialect

2026-05-07T06:49:43Z

Vivek.Dantkale:

{{Short description|Language spoken in Utrarakhand in India}}
{{Infobox language
| name = Rathwali
| pushpin_map = Uttarakhand#India
| glottorefname = Rathi
| glotto = rath1241
| iso3 =
| coordinates = {{coord|30.020775|N|79.049420|E|display=inline}}
| pushpin_map_alt = Rathi is spoken in Uttarakhand, in the north of India
| pushpin_map_caption = Rathi-speaking area
| fam5 = [[Central Pahari]]
| nativename = राठवाली राठी
| fam4 = [[Northern Indo-Aryan languages|Northern]]
| fam3 = [[Indo-Aryan languages|Indo-Aryan]]
| fam2 = [[Indo-Iranian languages|Indo-Iranian]]
| familycolor = Indo-European
| region = [[Uttarakhand]]
| states = [[India]]
| image = Rathwali.png
| fam6 = [[Garhwali language|Garhwali]]
}}

'''Rathwali''' (''rāṭhavālī'') or '''Rathi''' is spoken in the north of [[Salani dialect|Salani]] throughout the centre of the District of Garhwal, over the greater parts of the Chandpur and Dewalgarh Parganas today's [[Thalisain|Thailisain]] block and sorrounding areas <ref>https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.32110</ref> in [[Pauri Garhwal district|Pauri Garhwal]] district of [[Uttarakhand]] state. Currently it has been classified as a dialect under [[Garhwali language|Garhwali]],<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|last=Grierson|first=George Abraham|title=Linguistic Survey Of India Vol.9 Part.4|year=1916|pages=315|language=English}}</ref> belonging to the [[Central Pahari]] group(as per Grierson). It is the language of the Khasiyas.

==Grammar==

'''<big>Gender :</big>'''

Rules for gender are same as Srinagaria.

'''<big>Number :</big>'''

Tadbhava masc. nouns which end with a in Hindi, in Rathwali end with o. However some exceptions exist.

'''<big>Cases :</big>'''
{| class="wikitable"
|+Cases<ref>{{Cite book|last=Grierson|first=George Abraham|title=Linguistic Survey Of India Vol.9 Part.4|year=1916|pages=312–313|language=English}}</ref>
!Case
!
|-
|agent
|न, ल
|-
|accusative
|गणी
|-
|instrumental
|न, ल
|-
|dative
|गणी(to), खुणी(to) थां(to), कूं(for)
|-
|ablative
|गणी(from), मकोई(from), बटी(from)
उण्डे(out of), मांय-ल(among), से , ते
|-
|genitive
|को
|-
|locative
|मा(in, into), माँ(in, into), गणी(in), पार(on), तल(below)
|}
'''<big>Adjectives :</big>'''

Follows same rules as Srinagaria, however the final a is changed into a.

'''<big>Pronouns</big> :'''
{| class="wikitable"
|+Personal<ref>{{Cite book|last=Grierson|first=George Abraham|title=Linguistic Survey Of India Vol.9 Part.4|year=1916|pages=313–314|language=English}}</ref>
!
!sing.
!pul.
|-
|nom.
|mi, mi
tu,tu
|ham, hamu
tum,tumu
|-
|ag,
|mi-la, mai-la
ti-la, twe- la
|hamu-la, ham-na
tumu-la, tum-na
|-
|gen.
|mero, myoro
|tero, tyoro
|-
|obl.
|mai, mi, mi
tai, ti, twa
|ham, hamu
tum, tumu
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|+Demonstrative<ref>{{Cite book|last=Grierson|first=George Abraham|title=Linguistic Survey Of India Vol.9 Part.4|year=1916|pages=314|language=English}}</ref>
!
!sing.
!pul.
|-
|nom.
|yo
wo
|yo,yu
wo,wu
|-
|obl.
|yai
wai, we,wi
|wo, wu
un, wun, u, wu
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|+Relative<ref name=":0"/>
!
!sing.
!pul.
|-
|nom.
|jo, ju
|jo
|-
|obl.
|jai, je
|jau
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|+Correlative<ref name=":0"/>
!
!sing.
!pul.
|-
|nom.
|so
|so
|-
|obl.
|tai, te
|tau
|}
'''Reflexive Pronoun is aaphu'''

'''<big>Conjugation :</big>'''

'''Auxiliary Verbs & Verbs Substantive'''
{| class="wikitable"
|+Present<ref>{{Cite book|last=Grierson|first=George Abraham|title=Linguistic Survey Of India Vol.9 Part.4|year=1916|pages=315–316|language=English}}</ref>
!
!sing.
!pul.
|-
|I am
|chhū, chhaū
|chhawā
|-
|thou art
|chhai,chhaī
|chhavu
|-
|he is
|chha, cha
|chhī
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|+Past <ref>{{Cite book|last=Grierson|first=George Abraham|title=Linguistic Survey Of India Vol.9 Part.4|year=1916|pages=316|language=English}}</ref>
!
!sing.
!pul.
|-
|was
|chhayō(masc)
chhayā(fem)
|chhōyō(masc)
chhāyā
|}

== Comparative analysis ==
{| class="wikitable"
|+Words
![[Srinagaria dialect|Srinagaria]]
!Rathwali
!Translation
|-
|Bal
|Latula
|Hair
|-
|Baba te
|Babu gani
|To a father/from a father
|-
|Lokhar
|Luho
|Iron
|-
|Nauno/Nauni
|Laudo/Laudi
|Boy/Girl
|-
|Hondo
|Honnu
|Being
|-
|Janaani
|Siani
|Woman
|-
|Ghar
|Kudo
|House
|-
|Khado ho
|Thado ho
|Stand up
|-
|Door
|Tada
|Far
|-
|Agadi/Pichhadi
|Aghin/Pachhin
|After/Before
|}

{| class="wikitable"
|+ Family and person terms<ref>Grierson, George Abraham (1916). ''Linguistic Survey of India'', Vol. IX, Part IV: Central Pahari. Calcutta: Office of the Superintendent of Government Printing, India.</ref>
! English !! [[Srinagaria dialect|Srinagaria]]!! [[Rathwali dialect|Rathwali]]!! [[Tehriyali dialect|Tehriyali]]
|-
| Man ||Mankhi ||Manakha || Mans, Manakhi, Manas
|-
| Woman || Janani || Siani || Janani, bairan, kajan
|-
| Wife || Swain, janani || Sain, swin || Swain
|-
| Child || Nauno || Lauro || Nauno
|-
| Son || Nauno || Lauro || Larik, nauno
|-
| Daughter || Nauni || Lauri || Beṭi, nauni
|-
| Father || Baba || Baba, buba || Baba, buba
|-
| Mother || Boi || Boi || Boi, ija
|-
| Brother || Bhai, dada (elder), bhula (younger) || Bhai || Bhai (general), dada (elder), bhula (younger)
|-
| Sister || Bain, didi (elder), bhuli (younger) || Bain || Baini, bain (general), didi (elder), bhuli (younger)
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|+Phrases
![[Srinagaria dialect|Srinagaria]]
!Rathwali
!Translation
|-
|mai marda
|mai mannu
|I beat
|-
|tu mardi
|tu marni
|thou beatest
|-
|wo mard
|wo marn
|he beats
|-
|ham maarda
|ham maarnu
|we beat
|-
|tum marda
|tum maarni
|you beat
|-
|wo mardin
|wo maani
|they beat
|-
|main maare
|mi la maara
|I beat(past)
|-
|tin maare
|ti la maara
|thou beatest
(past)
|-
|wain maare
|wa la maara
|he beat(past)
|-
|haman maare
|hamu la maara
|we beat (past)
|-
|tuman maare
|tumu la maara
|you beat(past)
|-
|un maare
|wunoon la maare
|they beat(past)
|-
|mai maarnu chhaun
|mi manu chhaun
|I am beating
|-
|mai marnu chhayo
|mi maarno chhoyo
|I was beating
|-
|main maaryun chhayo
|mai la maaryala
|I had beaten
|-
|main maaroon
|mi maaroon
|I may beat
|-
|main maarulo
|mi marulo
|I shall beat
|-
|tu marilo
|tu maril
|thou wilt beat
|-
|wo marlo
|wo marul
|he will beat
|-
|ham maarla
|ham maala
|we shall beat
|-
|tum marilya
|tum malya
|you will beat
|-
|wo maarla
|wo maala
|they will beat
|}

== Script & specimen ==
[[File:Sample of Rathi.jpg|thumb|Sample of Rathi from Grierson's book|center]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}{{Uttarakhand}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Languages of Uttarakhand]]
[[Category:Dialects of Garhwali]]

Amit Mahto

2026-05-01T20:50:43Z

Vivek.Dantkale: Adding First Data Needs Work

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2024}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Amit Mahto
| office = Member of [[Jharkhand Legislative Assembly]]
| constituency = [[Silli Assembly constituency|Silli]]
| term_start = 24 November 2024
| predecessor2 = [[Sudesh Mahto]]
| party = [[Jharkhand Mukti Morcha]]
| birth_name = Amit Mahto
| occupation = [[Politician]]
| alma_mater = [[Birla Institute of Technology Mesra]] (B.E)
| birth_date = {{birth year and age|1989}}
| relations = Santosh Kumar Mahto (Father)
| image = Amit Mahto.jpg
| image_size = 200
}}
'''Amit Mahto''' (born 1989) is an Indian politician and a member of the Jharkhand Legislative Assembly from Silli and won Vidhan Sabha election in 2014. He was a member of [[Jharkhand Mukti Morcha]] and considered the face of youth in the Jharkhand Political Party. Former JMM MLA from [[Silli]], Amit Mahto has resigned from the party,<ref name="Former JMM MLA Amit Mahto along with wife resigns from JMM">{{cite news |last1=Mahto |first1=Amit |title=Jharkhand Mukti Morcha |url=https://www.dailypioneer.com/2022/state-editions/former-jmm-mla-amit-mahto-along-with-wife-resigns-from-jmm.html |access-date=9 April 2022 |agency=www.dailypioneer.com |publisher=PNS |date=21 Feb 2022}}</ref> accused the leadership of compromising the interest of the people of Jharkhand and forming a new political party Khatiyani Jharkhandi Party on 6 April 2022<ref>{{cite news |last1=Khatiyandhari |first1=Jharkhandi Party |title=KJP |url=https://hindi.news18.com/news/jharkhand/ranchi-amit-mahto-and-geetashree-oraon-formed-khatiani-jharkhandi-party-nodaa-4177796.html |access-date=9 April 2022 |agency=hindi.news18.com |publisher=Anurag Anveshi |date=6 April 2022 |ref=Khatiyandhari Jharkhandi Party}}</ref> to give rights to the local Khatiyani People of Jharkhand.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Mahto |first1=Amit |title=Amit Mahto Resign from JMM |url=https://navbharattimes.indiatimes.com/state/jharkhand/ranchi/jharkhand-top-5-news-ex-jmm-mla-amit-mahto-and-his-wife-seema-mahto-resign-from-the-party-watch-video/videoshow/89706413.cms |access-date=9 April 2022 |agency=navbharattimes |publisher=Sunil Pandey |date=20 Feb 2022 |ref=Amit Mahto Resign from JMM}}</ref>

== Early life ==
Since childhood he was sagacious towards education and completed Bachelor of Engineering (civil) [[Birla Institute of Technology]], Mesra, Ranchi in 2003.<ref name="JMM MLA">{{cite news |last1=Mahto |first1=Amit |title=Education |url=https://myneta.info/jharkhand2014/candidate.php?candidate_id=593 |access-date=9 April 2022 |work=Political Leader |agency=myneta.info |publisher=myneta |ref=Engineering}}</ref>

== Revolutionary ==
During the school days he came under the influence of well renowned freedom fighter of the region [[Binod Bihari Mahato]] and [[Nirmal Mahto]] who gave him initiation and motivated towards the freedom struggle.

== See also ==

* [[Jharkhand Legislative Assembly]]
* [[Politics of India]]
* [[Jharkhand Mukti Morcha]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Mahto, Amit}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Jharkhand Mukti Morcha politicians]]
[[Category:Politicians from Jharkhand]]
[[Category:Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, alumni]]
[[Category:1989 births]]

Annadanaiah Puranik

2026-05-01T04:26:51Z

Vivek.Dantkale: Adding First Data More To Come

{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2020}}
{{Infobox writer 
| name = Annadanaiah Puranik
| image = Annadanayya-puranik.jpg
| caption =
| birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1928|03|08}}
| birth_place = Dyampura, [[Yelburga]], [[Koppal district]], [[Karnataka]]),
| death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|2015|10|20|1928|03|08}}
| death_place = [[Bangalore]], India
| occupation = Advocate, Freedom fighter, writer
| language = [[Kannada language|Kannada]]
| period =
| genre = Fiction, drama
| subject =
| website =
}}
'''Annadanaiah (Annadanayya) Puranik''' (8 March 1928 – 20 October 2015),<ref>
{{cite news
|last1 =
|first1 =
|title = ಸ್ವಾತಂತ್ರ್ಯ ಸೇನಾನಿ ಅನ್ನದಾನಯ್ಯ ಪುರಾಣಿಕ ನಿಧನ
|url = https://vijaykarnataka.com/news/karnataka/annadanayya-puranik-freedom-fighter-died/articleshow/49473097.cms
|issue = vijaykarnataka.com
|publisher = vijaykarnataka.com
|date = 21 October 2015
|access-date =
|archive-url =
|archive-date =
|df = dmy-all
}}
</ref> Indian writer, cultural activist, freedom fighter, modern vachanakara and an advocate. After Indian independence, he has served as an Advocate in state high court of Karnataka for five decades. He was also conferred the title '''Sahityaratna''', for his contribution to Kannada literature and enormous contribution during a secretarial term with [[Kannada Sahitya Parishat]].

Annadanayya Puranik is known for his participation in [[Quit India Movement]] alongside Mahatma Gandhi.<ref>
{{cite news
|last1 =
|first1 =
|title = S R Patil calls on Annadanaiah Puranik at Sagar Hospital
|url = https://citynewsforu.wordpress.com/2015/10/08/s-r-patil-calls-on-annadanaiah-puranik-at-sagar-hospital/
|issue = citynewsforu.com
|publisher = citynewsforu.com
|date = 7 October 2015
|access-date = 8 February 2021
|archive-url =
|archive-date =
|df = dmy-all
}}
</ref> He has also been instrumental in the [[Hyderabad-Karnataka|Hyderabad Karnataka]] movement in 1947–1948.<ref>
{{cite web
|last1 =
|first1 =
|title = Border Movement in Hyderabad Karnataka for Liberation and Integration (1947-48)
|url = https://www.researchgate.net/publication/345982870
|issue = researchgate.net
|publisher = Nagabhushana Goud P
|date = November 2020
|access-date =
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220123134708/https://www.researchgate.net/publication/345982870_Border_Movement_in_Hyderabad_Karnataka_for_Liberation_and_Integration_1947-48 |archive-date=2022-01-23 |url-status = live
|df = dmy-all
}}
</ref> He is the Founder general secretary of All India Basava Samithi and has contributed towards promotion of Basava Philosophy in various languages. He was also a Hon. General secretary of Kannada Sahitya Parishad. Being a member of Gazetteer advisory committee at Gazetteer of Karnataka Government, he has contributed towards publishing Gazetteers of districts of the state.<ref>
{{cite web
|last1 =
|first1 =
|title = Bangalore_1990_Chapter23_Preface
|url = https://karunadu.karnataka.gov.in/Gazetteer/Publications/District%20Gazetteers/Bangalore%20District/1990/Bangalore_1990_Chapter23_Preface.pdf
|issue =
|publisher = karnataka.gov.in
|date =
|access-date = 8 February 2021
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210214161432/https://karunadu.karnataka.gov.in/Gazetteer/Publications/District%20Gazetteers/Bangalore%20District/1990/Bangalore_1990_Chapter23_Preface.pdf |archive-date=2021-02-14 |url-status = live
|df = dmy-all
}}
</ref><ref>
{{cite web
|last1 =
|first1 =
|title = Gazetteer of India Government of Karnataka, Karnataka State Gazetteer Part II
|url = https://www.indianculture.gov.in/gazettes/gazetteer-india-government-karnataka-karnataka-state-gazetteer-part-ii
|issue =
|publisher = indianculture.gov.in
|date = 1983
|access-date = 8 February 2021
|archive-url =
|archive-date =
|df = dmy-all
}}
</ref> He was also member of the first language commission for Karnataka.<ref>
{{cite web
|last1 =
|first1 =
|title = State Official Language Commission
|url = http://www.dpal.kar.nic.in/commit_commis.htm
|issue =
|publisher = www.dpal.kar.nic.in
|date =
|access-date = 8 February 2021
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020802035830/http://dpal.kar.nic.in:80/commit_commis.htm |archive-date=2002-08-02 |url-status = live
|df = dmy-all
}}
</ref>

== Early life and education ==

Annadanaiah Puranik was born in Dyampura, a village in Yelburga Taluk of Koppal District. His father Sri Kallinatha Shastri Puranik<ref>
{{cite web
|last1 =
|first1 =
|title = Sri Basavesvara
|url = http://raichur.nic.in/en/lca.asp
|issue =
|publisher = Literary & Cultural Activities
|date = 1967
|access-date = 8 February 2021
|archive-url =
|archive-date =
|df = dmy-all
}}

</ref> is known for writings Puranas in Kannada, such as Sharana Basaveshwara Purana, Itagi Bhimambika Purana and others. His brother Siddaiah Puranik is a famous Kannada laureate. His daughter Chandrika Puranik is also Kannada author and has served as Kannada lecturer various institutions in Bangalore.

== Works ==
* Sri Basaveshwara<ref>
{{cite web
|last1 =
|first1 =
|title = Sri Basavesvara
|url = http://www.new.dli.ernet.in/handle/2015/208631
|issue =
|publisher = Government Of Mysore Bangalore
|date = 1967
|access-date =
|archive-url = https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.208631
|archive-date = 18 January 2017
|url-status = dead
|df = dmy-all
}}
</ref>
* Vachana Mandara
* Channabasava Sahitya
* Vachana Saurabha
* Nyaaya Darushana

== See also ==
* [[Kannada language|Kannada]]
* [[Kannada literature]]
* [[Vachana Sahitya]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{authority control}}

[[Category:Kannada poets]]
[[Category:Kannada people]]
[[Category:Indian poetics]]
[[Category:1928 births]]
[[Category:2015 deaths]]

Sanju Rathod

2026-04-30T13:36:59Z

Vivek.Dantkale:

{{Short description|Indian singer and songwriter}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Sanju Rathod
| image = Sanju Rathod.jpg
| image_size = 190px
| caption = Rathod in 2024
| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1998|11|24|df=y}}
| birth_place = Dhanwad, [[Jalgaon district]], Maharashtra, India
| occupation = {{Hlist|Singer|songwriter|composer|lyricist}}
| module = {{Infobox musical artist
| embed = yes
| origin = [[Maharashtra]], India
| genre = {{hlist|Marathi–pop, Banjara Folk<ref>{{Cite web |title=Marathi Pop Goes Global With This Singer Who Came From 'Village With Barely 50 Houses, No Internet' |url=https://www.news18.com/viral/who-is-sanju-rathod-shaky-gulabi-sadi-marathi-pop-songs-maharashtra-no-internet-9434782.html |access-date=2025-09-16 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-07-11 |title=Sanju Rathod's 'Shaky' sparks Marathi pop revolution, breaks records across platforms |url=https://www.thehansindia.com/cinema/sanju-rathods-shaky-sparks-marathi-pop-revolution-breaks-records-across-platforms-987170 |access-date=2025-09-16 |website=[[The Hans India]] |language=en}}</ref>|[[Contemporary pop]]|[[Afrobeats]]|[[Indie pop]]<ref name=":0" />}}
| years_active = 2017–present
|label =Independent
}}
}}
'''Sanju Rathod''' ({{IPA|mr|səɲd͡ʒuː raːʈʰoːɖ}}; born 24 November 1998)<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mimtaz |date=2024-06-16 |title=Gulabi Sadi Viral Song: Who Is Sanju Rathod? Meet The Man Behind This Viral Track; Check Bio, Instagram & More |url=https://www.filmibeat.com/bollywood/viral/2024/gulabi-sadi-viral-song-who-is-sanju-rathod-meet-the-viral-singer-check-biography-instagram-and-more-401977.html |access-date=2025-11-23 |website=filmibeat |language=en}}</ref>, is an Indian singer, songwriter, composer, and lyricist primarily known for his work in the Marathi music industry. He gained widespread recognition with his viral 2024 hit "[[Gulabi Sadi]]," followed by popular tracks like "[[Shaky (song)|Shaky]]", "Kali Bindi" and "Sundari". Rathod’s music fuses traditional Marathi folk with [[contemporary pop]], [[Afrobeats]], and [[Indie pop|indie sounds]], attracting a massive following among younger audiences.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Tagat |first=Anurag |date=2025-05-15 |title=Sanju Rathod on How He Put Marathi, Rajasthani Folk, Hip-Hop and Afro Together for 'Shaky' |url=https://rollingstoneindia.com/sanju-rathod-interview-shaky-song/ |access-date=2025-09-16 |website=Rolling Stone India |language=en-US}}</ref>

==Early life==

Sanju Rathod was born on 24 November 1998 in Dhanwad village, [[Jalgaon district]], Maharashtra, into a [[Banjara]] family. His father is a farmer and his mother is a homemaker. He initially studied mechanical engineering before developing an interest in music during his college years. Inspired by artists such as [[Honey Singh]], he began writing and performing rap songs, with his passion for music partly influenced by personal experiences. In 2017, Rathod left college and moved to Mumbai to pursue a career in music, overcoming financial difficulties, family opposition, and criticism during his early journey.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Gulaabi Sadi's Singer Sanju Rathod Fell In Love With Music After A Heartbreak In College |url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/lifestyle/vibing-to-shaky-shaky-meet-sanju-rathod-the-voice-behind-viral-marathi-song |access-date=2025-09-15 |website=Free Press Journal |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Gulabi sadi singer Sanju Rathod on taking Marathi pop global|url=https://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/regional-indian-cinema-news/article/gulabi-sadi-singer-sanju-rathod-on-taking-marathi-pop-global-23546605|website=Mid-day|date=2025-05-19|access-date=2026-01-31|language=en}}</ref>

==Career==

Rathod started his music career with independent releases, beginning with devotional tracks dedicated to [[Ganpati Bappa]], which garnered 10–15 million views on YouTube each year.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-09-11 |title=Sanju Rathod Recalls Getting Abused, Tortured After Taking Loan For Songs: People Thought I Made Money But... {{!}} Exclusive |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/bollywood/sanju-rathod-recalls-getting-abused-tortured-after-taking-loan-for-songs-people-thought-i-made-money-but-exclusive-article-152762434 |access-date=2025-09-15 |website=Times Now |language=en}}</ref> His other songs "Chamiya", "Style Martay", "Jhumka" also went popular. His breakthrough came with "[[Nauvari Pahije]]" in May 2023, a vibrant single picturised with Prajakta Ghag that surpassed 200 million YouTube views and won the "Favorite Song (Non-film)" award at the [[14th MFK Awards|14th Maharashtracha Favourite Kon?]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bhirvandekar |first=Harshada |title=Nauvari Song: 'नऊवारी साडी' ठरतेय युट्युबवर सुपरहिट! संजू राठोडच्या व्हायरल गाण्याला २० मिलियन व्हूज |url=https://marathi.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/sanju-rathod-s-nauvari-song-trending-on-social-media-cross-20-million-views-on-youtube-141687927840386.html |access-date=2025-09-15 |website=Hindustan Times Marathi |language=mr}}</ref><ref name="loksatta.com">{{Cite web |date=2024-02-19 |title='महाराष्ट्राचा फेवरेट कोण?' मध्ये कोणी मारली बाजी? कोणाला मिळाले सर्वाधिक पुरस्कार? वाचा |url=https://www.loksatta.com/manoranjan/marathi-cinema/maharashtracha-favourite-kon-2023-winners-list-riteish-deshmukh-and-genelia-deshmukh-is-favourite-actor-and-actress-pps-98-4216451/ |access-date=2025-09-15 |website=Loksatta |language=mr}}</ref>

In 2024, Rathod achieved nationwide fame with "[[Gulabi Sadi]]" (transl. Pink Saree), released on 6 February as a sequel to "[[Nauvari Pahije]]".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Borade |first=Aarti Vilas |title=ट्रेंडमध्ये असलेले 'गुलाबी साडी' हे गाणे कोणी गायले आणि कसे सुचले माहिती आहे का? जाणून घ्या |url=https://marathi.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/who-is-the-singer-of-gulabi-sadi-song-know-here-141714017378078.html |access-date=2025-09-15 |website=Hindustan Times Marathi |language=mr}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-07-28 |title='गुलाबी साडी' गाणं का लिहिलं? संजू राठोडने सांगितलं खास कनेक्शन! फक्त एका तासात रचली चाल |url=https://www.loksatta.com/manoranjan/gulabi-sadi-fame-sanju-rathod-reveal-concept-behind-the-viral-song-sva-00-4503255/ |access-date=2025-09-19 |website=Loksatta |language=mr}}</ref> The song's catchy melody, vibrant lyrics, and music video—directed by Rathod and featuring Prajakta Ghag—went viral, inspiring over 5 million Instagram reels.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2024-04-05 |title=Viral song Gulabi Sadi's singer Sanju Rathod: Mumbai Indians, Madhuri Dixit- both my favorites made reels on the song |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/htcity/cinema/viral-song-gulabi-sadi-s-singer-sanju-rathod-mumbai-indians-madhuri-dixit-both-my-favorites-made-reels-on-the-song-101712287024786.html |access-date=2025-09-15 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref> Celebrities like [[Madhuri Dixit]], [[Remo D'Souza]] joined the trend.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-04-05 |title=Madhuri Dixit, Remo D'Souza Vibe On The Global Trend Of 'Gulabi Sadi' |url=https://lehren.com/madhuri-dixit-remo-dsouza-vibe-on-the-global-trend-of-gulabi-sadi/ |access-date=2025-09-15 |website=Lehren |language=en-US}}</ref> The track marked the first Marathi song to be displayed on New York's [[Times Square]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=शिकलगार |first=स्वालिया न |date=2024-04-29 |title=Trending Gulabi Sadi Song : संजू राठोडच्या फॅन्ससाठी आनंदाची बातमी{{!}} 'गुलाबी साडी' गाणं झळकलं 'न्यूयॉर्क टाईम्स स्क्वेअर'वर |url=https://pudhari.news/sanju-rathod-trending-gulabi-sadi-song-screening-on-new-york-times-square |access-date=2025-09-15 |website=Pudhari News |language=mr}}</ref> and received praise from international artists in [[Pakistan]], [[Bangladesh]], and Indian rappers like [[Divine (rapper)|Divine]] and [[Badshah (rapper)|Badshah]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-06-30 |title=Never expected Gulabi Sadi to go viral: Sanju Rathod |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/music/never-expected-gulabi-sadi-to-go-viral-sanju-rathod/articleshow/111380856.cms |access-date=2025-09-15 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> Rathod appeared on "Superstar Singer 3" with [[Neha Kakkar]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Neha Kakkar radiates happiness on meeting 'Gulabi Sadi' singer Sanju Rathod on 'Superstar Singer 3' |url=https://mirchi.in/stories/music/neha-kakkar-radiates-happiness-on-meeting-gulabi-sadi-singer-sanju-rathod-on-superstar-singer-3/109882011 |access-date=2025-09-15 |website=mirchi.in |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-04-27 |title=Superstar Singer 3: Viral song Gulabi Sadi fame singer Sanju Rathod sprinkles his musical magic on stage |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/superstar-singer-3-viral-song-gulabi-sadi-fame-singer-sanju-rathod-sprinkles-his-musical-magic-on-stage/articleshow/109593924.cms |access-date=2025-09-15 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

In October 2024, Rathod made history as the first Marathi singer to open for [[Alan Walker]]'s Sunburn Arena concert, representing regional music on an international stage.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Narayan |first=Kimaya |date=2024-11-11 |title='गुलाबी साडी' फेम संजू राठोडने रचला इतिहास ; अ‍ॅलन वॉकरच्या कॉन्सर्टमध्ये परफॉर्म करण्याचा मिळाला बहुमान |url=https://www.esakal.com/premier/gulabi-saree-fame-sanju-rathod-is-going-to-do-opening-performance-at-alan-walkers-concert-in-sunburn-arena-festival-happening-in-goa-entertainmengt-news-kds07 |access-date=2025-09-15 |website=Sakal |language=Mr}}</ref> Rathod's 2025 release "[[Shaky (song)|Shaky]]", featuring [[Bigg Boss]] fame Isha Malviya, debuted on 22 April and quickly topped YouTube's Top 100 Music Videos Global chart.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-07-15 |title=From 'Gulabi Sadi' to 'Shaky': How Heartbreak Turned Sanju Rathod into Marathi Pop's Global Star |url=https://www.mypunepulse.com/from-gulabi-sadi-to-shaky-how-heartbreak-turned-sanju-rathod-into-marathi-pops-global-star/ |access-date=2025-09-15 |website=Pune Pulse |language=en}}</ref> Blending Marathi folk with [[Afrobeats]], it garnered over 100 million views and 3.4 million Instagram reels. Rathod revealed plans for its potential inclusion in a Bollywood film, highlighting his growing crossover appeal.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-06-30 |title=Gulabi Sadi singer Sanju Rathod on Shaky going viral now: It might feature in a Bollywood film soon |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/htcity/cinema/gulabi-sadi-singer-sanju-rathod-on-shaky-going-viral-now-it-might-feature-in-a-bollywood-film-soon-101751231424298.html |access-date=2025-09-15 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref>

Rathod’s next single, "Sundari", featuring Yashika Jatav, was released on 11 September 2025 at YouTube fanfest 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sanju Rathod drops another Marathi pop song Sundari featuring Yashika Jatav |url=https://mirchi.in/stories/music/sanju-rathod-drops-another-marathi-pop-song-sundari/152787256 |access-date=2025-09-15 |website=mirchi.in |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Nair |first=Sharanyaa |date=2025-09-13 |title=Why Creators Could Be the Future of India's Pop Culture |url=https://rollingstoneindia.com/are-indian-creators-shaping-the-next-pop-culture-wave/ |access-date=2025-09-15 |website=Rolling Stone India |language=en-US}}</ref> It gained massive attention, garnering over 4.47 crore views on YouTube within its first month.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Sundari Song Lyrics: सुंदरी गाण्यातील 'टक टक देखरो'चा अर्थ माहिती आहे का ? संजू राठोडचं गाणं सुपरहिट झालं |url=https://marathi.ndtv.com/entertainment/sanju-rathod-sundari-song-lyrics-tak-tak-dekaro-viral-trend-meaning-marathi-entertainment-news-9444235 |access-date=2025-10-22 |website=NDTV Marathi |language=mr}}</ref> In April 2026, he released "Bangles" his second collaboration with Isha Malviya after their earlier work on "Shaky".<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-04-18 |title=Isha Malviya back with ‘Shaky Shaky’ hitmaker Sanju Rathod for new song |url=https://www.siasat.com/isha-malviya-back-with-shaky-shaky-hitmaker-sanju-rathod-for-new-song-3455528/ |access-date=2026-04-19 |website=The Siasat Daily |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title='Shaky Shaky'नं धुमाकूळ घातला, आता 'Bangles'नं वेड लावलं; संजू राठोडचं नवं कोरं गाणं रिलीज |url=https://marathi.abplive.com/entertainment/singer-sanju-rathod-drops-new-song-bangles-trends-on-social-media-1420863 |access-date=2026-04-19 |website=ABP Majha |language=mr}}</ref>

==Discography==

===Notable singles===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Year
!Song Title
!Notable Details
!{{Reference column heading|multi=yes}}
|-
|2023
|"[[Nauvari Pahije]]"
|Over 20 million YouTube views; won ''[[Maharashtracha Favourite Kon?]]'' award
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-02-19 |title='महाराष्ट्राचा फेवरेट कोण?' मध्ये कोणी मारली बाजी? कोणाला मिळाले सर्वाधिक पुरस्कार? वाचा |url=https://www.loksatta.com/manoranjan/marathi-cinema/maharashtracha-favourite-kon-2023-winners-list-riteish-deshmukh-and-genelia-deshmukh-is-favourite-actor-and-actress-pps-98-4216451/ |access-date=2025-11-04 |website=Loksatta |language=mr}}</ref>
|-
|2024
|"[[Gulabi Sadi]]"
|Viral Marathi hit; popular dance number
|<ref name=":1" />
|-
| rowspan="2" |2025
|"[[Shaky (song)|Shaky]]"
|Featured [[Isha Malviya]]; topped global YouTube charts
|<ref name=":0" />
|-
|"Sundari"
|
|<ref name=":2" />
|-
|2026
|"Bangles"
|
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-04-19 |title='Shaky Shaky'नं धुमाकूळ घातला, आता 'Bangles'नं वेड लावलं; संजू राठोडचं नवं कोरं गाणं रिलीज |url=https://marathi.abplive.com/entertainment/singer-sanju-rathod-drops-new-song-bangles-trends-on-social-media-1420863 |access-date=2026-04-30 |website=ABP Majha |language=mr}}</ref>
|}

==Awards and nominations==
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Year
!Award
!Category
!Nominated work
!Result
!{{Reference column heading|multi=yes}}
|-
|[[14th MFK Awards|2024]]
|[[Maharashtracha Favourite Kon?]]
|Favorite Non-film song
|"[[Nauvari Pahije]]"
|{{Won}}
|<ref name="loksatta.com"/>
|-
| rowspan="2" |2024
| rowspan="2" |Indian Independent Music Awards (IIMA)
|Best Marathi song
| rowspan="2" |"[[Gulabi Sadi]]"
|{{Won}}
| rowspan="2" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-12-11 |title=The Indian Music Awards 2024: See The Full Winners List |url=https://rollingstoneindia.com/indian-music-awards-winners-2024/amp/ |access-date=2025-05-09 |website=Rolling Stone India |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
|Best Song – Independent
|{{Won}}
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{IMDb name|id=15362306}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Rathod, Sanju}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:People from Jalgaon district]]
[[Category:Marathi-language singers]]
[[Category:Afrobeats musicians]]
[[Category:Indian folk-pop singers]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian songwriters]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian male singers]]
[[Category:Banjara people]]
[[Category:1998 births]]

S. Rajendran (Keralite politician)

2026-04-23T01:55:35Z

Vivek.Dantkale: done

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{other people|S. Rajendran}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2021}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = S. Rajendran
| office = [[Kerala Legislative Assembly|Member of the Kerala Legislative Assembly]]
| image = S. Rajendran.jpg
| image_size = 175
| term_end = 2021
| term_start = 2006
}}

'''Shanmugavel Rajendran''' is an Indian politician and former [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|Member of the Legislative Assembly]] of [[Kerala]]. He was elected in the [[2006 Kerala Legislative Assembly election]] as the MLA from [[Devikulam Assembly constituency]] as a member of the [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=August 20, 2018 |title=Kerala 2006 |url=https://www.aninews.in/news/national/general-news/former-cpi-m-mla-s-rajendran-joins-bjp-says-move-made-without-any-conditions-or-desire-to-contest-elections20260118151515 |website=[[ANI News]]}}</ref> He subsequently also won elections from the same constituency in [[2011 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|2011]] and [[2016 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|2016]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=August 20, 2018 |title=Kerala 2011 |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3763-kerala-2011/ |website=[[Election Commission of India]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=August 20, 2018 |title=Kerala General Legislative Election 2016 |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3767-kerala-general-legislative-election-2016/ |website=[[Election Commission of India]]}}</ref> He was also elected as [[District Panchayat]] president of [[Idukki]] in 2003. In 2022, his membership of the CPI(M) was suspended for a year due to his alleged efforts to defeat the CPI(M)'s candidate for the [[2021 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|2021 Legislative Assembly elections]] in Devikulam.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2022-10-19 |title=War of words between M.M. Mani and S. Rajendran continues |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/war-of-words-between-mm-mani-and-s-rajendran-continues/article66032308.ece |access-date=2023-08-05 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2022-02-07 |title=Kerala: Caste was CPM's main poll plank in Devikulam, says S Rajendran |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kochi/caste-was-cpms-main-poll-plank-in-devikulam/articleshow/89392933.cms |access-date=2023-08-05 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

In 2026, he joined the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2026-01-18 |title=Former CPI(M) MLA S. Rajendran joins BJP |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/former-cpim-mla-s-rajendran-joins-bjp/article70521476.ece |access-date=2026-01-18 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Rajendran, S}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1964 births]]
[[Category:Communist Party of India (Marxist) politicians from Kerala]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Kerala]]

Dhira (film)

2026-04-21T17:54:13Z

Vivek.Dantkale: New new article - done

{{Use Indian English|date=April 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2025}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Dhira
| image = Dhira film poster.jpg
| alt =
| caption = Release poster
| native_name = 
| director = Arun Kumar Rapolu
| writer =
| screenplay = Arun Kumar Rapolu
| story =
| based_on = 
| producer =
| starring = [[Bellamkonda Sreenivas]]
| narrator =
| cinematography =
| editing =
| music = Sri Murali Karthikeya
| studio = A Theorem Studios
| distributor = [[Amazon Prime Video]]
| released = {{Film date|2020|11|10|df=yes|ref1=<ref>{{Cite web |date=10 November 2020 |title=Animated film, 'Dhira' inspired by Tenali Rama to be released soon - |url=https://www.animationxpress.com/animation/animated-film-dhira-inspired-by-tenali-rama-to-be-released-soon/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250414154818/https://www.animationxpress.com/animation/animated-film-dhira-inspired-by-tenali-rama-to-be-released-soon/ |archive-date=14 April 2025 |access-date=14 April 2025 |website=AnimationXpress |language=en-US}}</ref>}}
| runtime = 117 minutes
| country = India
| language = Telugu
| budget =
| gross =
}}
'''''Dhira''''' is a 2020 Indian Telugu-language animated biographical film written and directed by Arun Kumar Rapolu. The film is based on the life of [[Tenali Rama]], which was voice by [[Bellamkonda Sreenivas]]. The film was dubbed in 11 languages.

==Voice cast==
*[[Bellamkonda Sreenivas]] as [[Tenali Rama]]<ref>{{Cite news |date=12 November 2020 |title=Bellamkonda Sreenivas gives his voiceover for animated film 'Dhira' |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/bellamkonda-sreenivas-gives-his-voiceover-for-animated-film-dhira/articleshow/79193403.cms |access-date=14 April 2025 |work=The Times of India}}</ref>
*[[Vedala Hemachandra|Hemachandra]]

=== Dubbed versions ===
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Actor
!Language
!Role
!{{Abbr|Ref.|References}}
! rowspan="7" {{cEmpty}}
!Actor
!Language
!Role
!{{Abbr|Ref.|References}}
|-
|[[Jeet (actor)|Jeet]]
|Bengali
| rowspan="6" |[[Tenali Rama]]
|<ref name="A" />
| [[Pratik Gandhi]]|| Gujarati
|
|
|-
|[[Vivek Oberoi]]
|Hindi
|<ref name="A">{{Cite web |date=13 November 2020 |title=Vivek Oberoi 'proud' to voice Tenali Rama character in 'Dhira' |url=https://www.aninews.in/news/entertainment/bollywood/vivek-oberoi-proud-to-voice-tenali-rama-character-in-dhira20201113191136/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220118182831/https://www.aninews.in/news/entertainment/bollywood/vivek-oberoi-proud-to-voice-tenali-rama-character-in-dhira20201113191136/ |archive-date=18 January 2022 |access-date=14 April 2025 |website=Ani News |language=en}}</ref>
| [[Askar Ali]] || Malayalam
| rowspan="5" |[[Tenali Rama]]
| rowspan="2" |<ref name="mcl" />
|-
|[[Vijay Sethupathi]]
|Tamil
|<ref>{{Cite news |date=12 November 2020 |title=Vijay Sethupathi to lend his voice for animation film |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/vijay-sethupathi-to-lend-his-voice-for-animation-film/articleshow/79197012.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240526132912/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/vijay-sethupathi-to-lend-his-voice-for-animation-film/articleshow/79197012.cms |archive-date=26 May 2024 |access-date=14 April 2025 |work=The Times of India}}</ref>
| Sri Nagesh || Bhojpuri
|-
|[[Dhruva Sarja]]
|Kannada
|rowspan="3"|<ref name="mcl">{{Cite web |date=16 November 2020 |title=Sabyasachi Mishra Joins Vijay Sethupathi,Vivek Oberoi And Jeet For Animated Film 'Dhira' |url=https://www.mycitylinks.in/sabyasachi-mishra-joins-vijay-sethupathivivek-oberoi-and-jeet-for-animated-film-dhira |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250414153729/https://www.mycitylinks.in/sabyasachi-mishra-joins-vijay-sethupathivivek-oberoi-and-jeet-for-animated-film-dhira |archive-date=14 April 2025 |access-date=14 April 2025 |website=Mycitylinks |language=en}}</ref>
|[[Sabyasachi Mishra]]
|Odia
|<ref>{{Cite news |date=21 November 2020 |title=Sabyasachi dubs for an animation film on Tenali Rama |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/events/bhubaneswar/sabyasachi-dubs-for-an-animation-film-on-tenali-rama/articleshow/79336654.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250414154008/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/events/bhubaneswar/sabyasachi-dubs-for-an-animation-film-on-tenali-rama/articleshow/79336654.cms |archive-date=14 April 2025 |access-date=14 April 2025 |work=The Times of India}}</ref>
|-
| [[Swapnil Joshi]]|| Marathi
|rowspan="2"|Aashish Bandari
|rowspan="2"|English
|rowspan="2"|<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HoUeDT9Fj64 |title=DHIRA{{!}} Aashish Bandari {{!}}Mocap Film{{!}} English Trailer{{!}} Watch on Amazon Prime Video{{!}} A Theorem Studios |date=17 November 2020 |last=ATHEOREM STUDIOS |access-date=14 April 2025 |via=YouTube}}</ref>
|-
| Yuvraj Hans || Punjabi
|-
|}

== Production ==
The film took three years to complete and was made with a team of 75 people from the Hyderabad-based startup A Theorem Studios using [[Blender (software)|Blender]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Paul |first=Sharmindrila |date=2 December 2020 |title=Exclusive: "With 'Dhira' I fulfilled my dream of making something larger than life": Arun Kumar Rapolu |url=https://www.animationxpress.com/animation/exclusive-with-dhira-i-fulfilled-my-dream-of-making-something-larger-than-life-arun-kumar-rapolu/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210505105913/https://www.animationxpress.com/animation/exclusive-with-dhira-i-fulfilled-my-dream-of-making-something-larger-than-life-arun-kumar-rapolu/ |archive-date=5 May 2021 |access-date=14 April 2025 |website=AnimationXpress |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=31 December 2020 |title=KTR pats top brass of city-based start-ups |url=https://www.thehansindia.com/telangana/ktr-pats-top-brass-of-city-based-start-ups-664605 |access-date=14 April 2025 |website=The Hans India |language=en}}</ref>

==Accolades==
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Date
!Event
!Category
!Recipient
!Result
!{{Abbr|Ref.|References}}
|-
| rowspan="2"|17 July 2021
| rowspan="2"|2nd ANN Awards
| Best Director of an Animated Film
| rowspan="2"| ''Dhira''
|{{Won}}
|rowspan="2"|<ref>{{Cite web |date=18 July 2021 |title=Here are the winners of the second edition of ANN Awards - |url=https://www.animationxpress.com/latest-news/here-are-the-winners-of-the-second-edition-of-ann-awards/ |access-date=14 April 2025 |website=AnimationXpress |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
|Best Technical Innovation
|{{won}}
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{IMDb title|tt13449672}}

[[Category:2020 Indian films]]
[[Category:Indian animated films]]
[[Category:2020 Telugu-language films]]

Siddarth Patel

2026-04-21T12:17:33Z

Vivek.Dantkale: new new details

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name =
| image = File:Siddarth Patel Nitish Kumar and others Participating in Lalan Prasad's nomination (cropped).jpg
| caption =
| office1 =
| term_start1 =
| term_end1 =
| constituency1 =
| office = Member of [[Bihar Legislative Assembly]]
| term_start = 2020
| term_end =
| constituency = [[Vaishali Assembly constituency|Vaishali]]
| predecessor = Raj Kishore Singh
| successor =
| birth_place =
| birth_date =
| spouse =
| party = [[Janata Dal (United)]]
| alma_mater =
| profession = Politician
| website =
| footnotes =
}}
'''Siddarth Patel''' is an Indian politician from [[Bihar]]. He is a two term member of [[Bihar Legislative Assembly]] from [[Vaishali Assembly constituency]] and a member of [[Janata Dal (United)]] political party led by Bihar Chief Minister [[Nitish Kumar]]. He won the 2025 Bihar Legislative Assembly elections by defeating Ajay Kushwaha of [[Rashtriya Janata Dal]] with a margin of over 32,000 votes.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://hindi.news18.com/news/bihar/vaishali-vaishali-chunav-result-2025-bihar-election-parinam-winner-looser-sanjeev-singh-inc-sunil-kumar-jsp-ajay-kumar-kushwaha-rjd-siddharth-pateljdu-vidhan-sabha-chunv-me-kaun-jita-kaun-hara-9850894.html|title=Vaishali Chunav Result 2025 LIVE: वैशाली से जदयू के सिद्धार्थ पटेल 32590 वोटों से जीते |website=News18|accessdate=13 December 2025}}</ref>

==Personal life==
Patel is from [[Vaishali district]]'s prominent political family, which dominated the politics of the district for decades ever since India got its independence. The Patel family and Shahi family, which are considered political rivals, have given a number of legislators for the district. Patel himself belongs to lineage of [[Indian freedom struggle]] activist Guljar Patel. [[Brishin Patel]], son of Guljar Patel and a legislator from Vaishali district, who won the [[Vaishali Assembly constituency]] elections for the first time in 1980 is the uncle of Siddarth Patel.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.prabhatkhabar.com/local-news/hajipur-news-vaishaalii-men-do-ghraanon-pttel-aur-shaahii-privaar-ke-sdsyon-kaa-rhaa-hai-dbdbaa|title= Hajipur News : वैशाली में दो घरानों पटेल और शाही परिवार के सदस्यों का रहा है दबदबा|website=Prabhat Khabar|accessdate=13 December 2025}}</ref>

==Political career==
[[File:Leaders of Bihar inaugurating Budhha Samyak Darshan Museum and Stupa.jpg|thumb|Siddarth Patel with [[Nitish Kumar]], [[Samrat Chaudhary]], [[Jayant Raj Kushwaha]], [[Umesh Singh Kushwaha]] and others inaugurating Budhha Samyak Darshan Museum and Memorial Stupa in Vaishali.]]
Patel won Bihar Legislative Assembly elections of 2020 from Vaishali Assembly constituency and became an [[Member of Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for the first time.In 2025, while he was made candidate of [[Janata Dal (United)]] from the same constituency against [[Rashtriya Janata Dal]]'s Ajay Kushwaha, his uncle [[Brishin Patel]], a six time MLA, announced that he will contest as independent candidate from same constituency for the assembly elections against his nephew as per demand of his supporters.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bhaskar.com/local/bihar/vaishali/hajipur/news/former-education-minister-brishan-patel-announced-to-contest-as-an-independent-candidate-135491028.html|title= पूर्व शिक्षा मंत्री बृषण पटेल ने निर्दलीय लड़ने की घोषणा:वैशाली विधानसभा सीट से भतीजे के खिलाफ लड़ेंगे चुनाव, कहा-जनता के दुख-दर्द में साझेदार बनना चाहते|website=Dainik Bhaskar|accessdate=14 December 2025}}</ref>

However, Patel registered victory defeating both RJD's Ajay Kushwaha and his uncle Brishin Patel in 2025. Thus, becoming an MLA for the second time.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.jansatta.com/rajya/vaishali-election-result-2025-jdu-siddharth-patel-vs-rjd-ajay-kushwaha-vote-counting-win-loss-vidhan-sabha-chunav-parinam/4202165/|title= Vaishali Assembly elections 2025, JDU selects Siddharth Patel for Vaishali Assembly constituency|website=Jansatta|accessdate=14 December 2025}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Janata Dal (United) politicians]]
[[Category:Bihar MLAs 2020–2025]]
[[Category:Bihar MLAs 2025–2030]]
[[Category:People from Vaishali district]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

Sakri Assembly constituency

2026-04-18T13:22:39Z

Vivek.Dantkale: new data

{{Short description|Constituency of the Maharashtra legislative assembly in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2026}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Sakri
| constituency_no = 5
| type = SLA
| state = [[Maharashtra]]
| latest_election_year = [[2024 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|2024]]
| map_image = 5-Sakri.svg
| loksabha_cons = [[Nandurbar Lok Sabha constituency|Nandurbar]]
| district = [[Dhule district|Dhule]]
| established = 1951
| reservation = ST
| mla = [[Manjula Gavit]]
| party = {{Party index link|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}}
| incumbent_image =
| alliance = {{Party index link|National Democratic Alliance}}
| electors =365,748
}}
'''Sakri Assembly constituency''' is one of the 288 [[Maharashtra Vidhan Sabha|Vidhan Sabha]] constituencies of [[Maharashtra]] state in western India. This constituency is located in [[Dhule district]] and it is reserved for the candidates belonging to the [[Scheduled castes and scheduled tribes|Scheduled Tribes]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ceo.maharashtra.gov.in/acs.php|title=District wise List of Assembly and Parliamentary Constituencies|publisher=Chief Electoral Officer, Maharashtra website|access-date=6 September 2010|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090225084439/http://ceo.maharashtra.gov.in/acs.php|archive-date=25 February 2009|df=}}</ref>

==Overview==
It is part of the [[Nandurbar Lok Sabha constituency]] along with five other Vidhan Sabha constituencies, namely [[Shirpur Assembly constituency|Shirpur]] in Dhule district and [[Akkalkuwa Assembly constituency|Akkalkuwa]], [[Navapur Assembly constituency|Navapur]], [[Nandurbar Assembly constituency|Nandurbar]] and [[Shahada Assembly constituency|Shahada]] in [[Nandurbar district]].

As per orders of Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly constituencies Order, 2008, No. 6 Sakri Assembly constituency is composed of the following: Sakri Tehsil (excluding Dusane Circle). of [[Dhule district]].<ref name=commission>{{cite web|url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/CurrentElections/CONSOLIDATED_ORDER%20_ECI%20.pdf |title = Schedule – XVII of Constituencies Order, 2008 of Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly constituencies Order, 2008 of the Election Commission of India|work= Schedule XVII Maharashtra, Part A – Assembly constituencies, Part B – Parliamentary constituencies |publisher = |access-date = 2015-03-11 }}</ref>

==Members of the Legislative Assembly==
{| class="wikitable"
!Year
!Member<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sakri Vidhan Sabha Current MLA and Previous MLAs |url=https://www.elections.in/maharashtra/assembly-constituencies/sakri.html |access-date= |website=Elections in India}}</ref>
!colspan=2|Party
|-
| [[1957 Bombay State Legislative Assembly election|1957]] || Bedase Shankerrao Chindhuji Padawi Rama Jirya || {{Full party name with color|Independent politician}}
|-
| [[1962 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1962]] || Gokul Rupla Gavit || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[1967 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1967]] || U. R. Nandre || {{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India}}
|-
| [[1972 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1972]] || Gojarbai Ramrao Bhamre || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[1978 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1978]] || rowspan=2 | Malusare Sukram Bhurya || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress (I)|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[1980 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1980]]
|-
| [[1985 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1985]] || rowspan=3 | Govindrao Shivram Chaudhary || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=3}}
|-
| [[1990 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1990]]
|-
| [[1995 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1995]]
|-
| [[1999 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1999]] || Suryavanshi Vasant Dodha || {{Full party name with color|Bharipa Bahujan Mahasangh}}
|-
| [[2004 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|2004]] || [[Dhanaji Sitaram Ahire]] || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=3}}
|-
| [[2009 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|2009]] || Bhoye Yogendra Reshama
|-
| [[2014 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|2014]] || [[Dhanaji Sitaram Ahire]]
|-
| [[2019 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|2019]] || rowspan=2 | [[Manjula Gavit|Manjula Tulshiram Gavit]] || {{Full party name with color|Independent politician}}
|-
| [[2024 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|2024]] || {{Full party name with color|Shiv Sena}}
|}

==Election results==
===Assembly Election 2024===
{{Election box begin|title = [[2024 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Sakri<ref name="Maharastra Assembly Election Results 2024 - Sakri">{{cite news |last1=Election Commission of India |title=Maharastra Assembly Election Results 2024 - Sakri |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenNov2024/candidateswise-S135.htm |access-date=24 November 2024 |date=23 November 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241124085657/https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenNov2024/candidateswise-S135.htm |archive-date=24 November 2024}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=[[Manjula Gavit|Manjula Tulshiram Gavit]] |party=Shiv Sena |votes = 1,04,649 |percentage = 43.40% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Pravin (Gotu) Bapu Chaure |party=Indian National Congress |votes = 99,065 |percentage = 41.09% |change={{increase}}28.68 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Er. Mohan Gokul Suryawanshi |party=Independent politician |votes = 14,288 |percentage = 5.93% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Yashvant Devman Malche |party=Peasants and Workers Party of India |votes = 5,468 |percentage = 2.27% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Ranjit Bhivraj Gaikwad |party=Independent politician |votes = 3,535 |percentage = 1.47% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Vaishali Vishvjit Raut |party=Independent politician |votes = 2,185 |percentage = 0.91% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Ashok Ragho Sonawane |party=Maharashtra Swarajya Party |votes = 2,139 |percentage = 0.89% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=None of the Above |party=None of the above |votes = 1,138 |percentage = 0.47% |change={{decrease}}1.56 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 5,584 |percentage = 2.32% |change= {{decrease}}1.25 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 2,42,253 |percentage = 66.23% |change= {{increase}}6.46 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 2,41,115}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 3,65,748|ref = |change= {{increase}}6.63 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner = Shiv Sena |loser = Independent politician |swing= {{increase}}6.06 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 2019===
{{Election box begin|title = [[2019 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Sakri<ref name="election2019">{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/11699-maharashtra-legislative-assembly-election-2019/ |title=Maharashtra Legislative Assembly Election, 2019 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date= 2 February 2022 |url-access=limited}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=[[Manjula Gavit|Manjula Tulshiram Gavit]] |party=Independent politician |votes = 76,166 |percentage = 37.35% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Mohan Gokul Suryawanshi |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 68,901 |percentage = 33.78% |change={{decrease}}4.06 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Dhanaji Sitaram Ahire |party=Indian National Congress |votes = 25,302 |percentage = 12.41% |change={{decrease}}27.19 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Yashwant Devman Malache |party=Vanchit Bahujan Aaghadi |votes = 14,032 |percentage = 6.88% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Rajkumar Pandit Sonawane |party=Independent politician |votes = 9,058 |percentage = 4.44% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=None of the Above |party=None of the above |votes = 4,147 |percentage = 2.03% |change={{increase}}0.36 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Nandu Rajaram Malache |party=Bhartiya Tribal Party |votes = 3,743 |percentage = 1.84% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Hiraman Deva Sabale |party=Independent politician |votes = 2,872 |percentage = 1.41% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 7,265 |percentage = 3.56% |change= {{increase}}1.80 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 2,08,240 |percentage = 60.71% |change= {{decrease}}1.91 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 2,03,951}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 3,42,992|ref = |change= {{increase}}11.51 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner = Independent politician |loser = Indian National Congress |swing= {{decrease}}2.25 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 2014===
{{Election box begin|title = [[2014 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Sakri<ref name="election2014">{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/11699-maharashtra-legislative-assembly-election-2014/ |title=Maharashtra Legislative Assembly Election, 2014 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date= 2 February 2022 |url-access=limited}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=[[Dhanaji Sitaram Ahire]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes = 74,760 |percentage = 39.60% |change={{decrease}}1.39 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Gavit Manjula Tulshiram |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 71,437 |percentage = 37.84% |change={{increase}}10.35 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Pawar Chudaman Daga |party=Shiv Sena |votes = 12,832 |percentage = 6.80% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Naike Dilip Shashikumar |party=Nationalist Congress Party |votes = 12,398 |percentage = 6.57% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Dipak Mangya Jagtap |party=Peasants and Workers Party of India |votes = 6,832 |percentage = 3.62% |change={{decrease}}1.55 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=None of the Above |party=None of the above |votes = 3,152 |percentage = 1.67% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Bharude Dipak Bandu |party=Maharashtra Navnirman Sena |votes = 2,987 |percentage = 1.58% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Chavhan Suka Budha |party=Bharipa Bahujan Mahasangh |votes = 1,980 |percentage = 1.05% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 3,323 |percentage = 1.76% |change= {{decrease}}11.73 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 1,92,010 |percentage = 62.42% |change= {{increase}}12.02 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 1,88,791}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 3,07,595|ref = |change= {{increase}}8.15 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |loser = Indian National Congress |swing= {{decrease}}1.39 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 2009===
{{Election box begin|title = [[2009 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Sakri<ref>{{cite web|publisher= Chief Eletoral Officer, [[Maharashtra]]|title=General Elections to State Legislative Assembly 2009 |url=https://ceoelection.maharashtra.gov.in/pdff/vidhanresult.pdf|archive-url= http://web.archive.org/web/20240708005931/https://ceoelection.maharashtra.gov.in/pdff/vidhanresult.pdf|archive-date=8 July 2024|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=Bhoye Yogendra Reshama |party=Indian National Congress |votes = 57,542 |percentage = 40.99% |change={{decrease}}5.96 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Gavit Manjula Tulshiram |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 38,598 |percentage = 27.49% |change={{decrease}}8.05 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Chaudhri Govindrao Shivram ( Bhau) |party=Independent politician |votes = 15,936 |percentage = 11.35% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Suryavanshi Vasant Dodha |party=Independent politician |votes = 8,438 |percentage = 6.01% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Jagtap Dipak Mangya |party=Peasants and Workers Party of India |votes = 7,262 |percentage = 5.17% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Ushabai Ramrao Gavale |party=Independent politician |votes = 1,989 |percentage = 1.42% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Malusare Dadu Sursingh |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes = 1,943 |percentage = 1.38% |change={{decrease}}0.65 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 18,944 |percentage = 13.49% |change= {{increase}}2.09 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 1,40,405 |percentage = 49.37% |change= {{decrease}}9.42 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 1,40,386}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 2,84,411|ref = |change= {{increase}}24.92 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |loser = Indian National Congress |swing= {{decrease}}5.96 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 2004===
{{Election box begin|title = [[2004 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Sakri}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=[[Dhanaji Sitaram Ahire]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes = 62,823 |percentage = 46.94% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Chaudhari Govindrao Shivram |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 47,561 |percentage = 35.54% |change={{increase}}3.13 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Pawar Kailas Devaji |party=Independent politician |votes = 13,173 |percentage = 9.84% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Pawar Zingubai Kaluram |party=Independent politician |votes = 3,515 |percentage = 2.63% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Bhupendra Govindrao Jadhav |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes = 2,723 |percentage = 2.03% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Chaure Appa Shantaram |party=Independent politician |votes = 1,468 |percentage = 1.10% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Gangurde Gangaram Bandu |party=Bharipa Bahujan Mahasangh |votes = 1,237 |percentage = 0.92% |change={{decrease}}39.57 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 15,262 |percentage = 11.40% |change= {{increase}}3.32 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 1,33,838 |percentage = 58.79% |change= {{increase}}12.90 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 1,33,823}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 2,27,669|ref = |change= {{increase}}15.93 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |loser = Bharipa Bahujan Mahasangh |swing= {{increase}}6.45 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1999===
{{Election box begin|title = [[1999 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Sakri<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1999 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1999/StatisticalReport-MH99.pdf|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120117044316/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1999/StatisticalReport-MH99.pdf|archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=Suryavanshi Vasant Dodha |party=Bharipa Bahujan Mahasangh |votes = 36,481 |percentage = 40.49% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Anil Sukram Bagul |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 29,195 |percentage = 32.41% |change={{decrease}}10.10 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Chaudhari Govindrao Shivram |party=Nationalist Congress Party |votes = 23,221 |percentage = 25.77% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Thakare Mothaji Tukaram |party=Independent politician |votes = 1,195 |percentage = 1.33% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 7,286 |percentage = 8.09% |change= {{decrease}}0.39 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 97,871 |percentage = 49.84% |change= {{decrease}}14.39 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 90,092}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,96,385|ref = |change= {{increase}}4.42 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner = Bharipa Bahujan Mahasangh |loser = Bharatiya Janata Party |swing= {{decrease}}2.01 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1995===
{{Election box begin|title = [[1995 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Sakri<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1995 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1995/StatisticalReport-MH95.pdf|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120117121534/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1995/StatisticalReport-MH95.pdf |archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=Govindrao Shivram Chaudhary |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 48,182 |percentage = 42.51% |change={{increase}}6.76 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Bhoye Reshma Motiram |party=Indian National Congress |votes = 38,578 |percentage = 34.03% |change={{decrease}}1.57 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Gangurde Shantaram Chindhu |party=Independent politician |votes = 12,154 |percentage = 10.72% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Bagul Dongar Kanhaiya |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes = 7,428 |percentage = 6.55% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Malche Bhika Sakharam |party=Independent politician |votes = 2,471 |percentage = 2.18% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Malusare Suresh Sukram |party=Independent politician |votes = 1,981 |percentage = 1.75% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Ambar Barik Thakare |party=Independent politician |votes = 1,539 |percentage = 1.36% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 9,604 |percentage = 8.47% |change= {{increase}}8.34 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 1,18,051 |percentage = 62.77% |change= {{increase}}9.80 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 1,13,349}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,88,078|ref = |change= {{increase}}15.39 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Bharatiya Janata Party |loser = Bharatiya Janata Party |swing= {{increase}}6.76 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1990===
{{Election box begin|title = [[1990 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Sakri<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1990 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1990/StatRep_MT_90.pdf |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120117080722/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1990/StatRep_MT_90.pdf |archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=Govindrao Shivram Chaudhary |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 29,402 |percentage = 35.75% |change={{decrease}}28.81 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Chaure Bapu Hari |party=Indian National Congress |votes = 29,289 |percentage = 35.61% |change={{increase}}1.87 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Bagul Dongar Kanhaiya |party=Janata Dal |votes = 10,102 |percentage = 12.28% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Suryawanshi Vasantrao Dodha |party=Independent politician |votes = 7,603 |percentage = 9.24% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Malusare Sukram Bhurya |party=Independent politician |votes = 4,401 |percentage = 5.35% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Gavit Kamalabai Govindrao |party=Independent politician |votes = 553 |percentage = 0.67% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 113 |percentage = 0.14% |change= {{decrease}}30.67 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 84,456 |percentage = 51.82% |change= {{decrease}}7.80 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 82,252}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,62,995|ref = |change= {{increase}}24.20 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Bharatiya Janata Party |loser = Bharatiya Janata Party |swing= {{decrease}}28.81 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1985===
{{Election box begin|title = [[1985 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Sakri<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1985 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1985/Statistical%20Report%20Maharashtra%201985.pdf |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120117075119/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1985/Statistical%20Report%20Maharashtra%201985.pdf |archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=Govindrao Shivram Chaudhary |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 49,359 |percentage = 64.55% |change={{increase}}27.37 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Malusare Sukram Bhurya |party=Indian National Congress |votes = 25,799 |percentage = 33.74% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Kokani Tejaram Baliram |party=Independent politician |votes = 497 |percentage = 0.65% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 23,560 |percentage = 30.81% |change= {{increase}}24.79 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 78,981 |percentage = 60.18% |change= {{increase}}15.69 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 76,463}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,31,239|ref = |change= {{increase}}10.69 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner = Bharatiya Janata Party |loser = Indian National Congress (I) |swing= {{increase}}21.35 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1980===
{{Election box begin|title = [[1980 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Sakri<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1980 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1980/Statistical%20Report%201980%20Maharashtra.pdf |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120117083555/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1980/Statistical%20Report%201980%20Maharashtra.pdf |archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=Malusare Sukram Bhurya |party=Indian National Congress (I) |votes = 21,807 |percentage = 43.20% |change={{increase}}9.95 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Koli Baburao Rangrao |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 18,768 |percentage = 37.18% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Chaure Bapu Hari |party=Independent politician |votes = 7,117 |percentage = 14.10% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Bagul Dongar Kanaiya |party=Independent politician |votes = 1,969 |percentage = 3.90% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Thakur Balchandra Punju |party=Janata Party (Secular) [[Charan Singh]] |votes = 813 |percentage = 1.61% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 3,039 |percentage = 6.02% |change= {{increase}}4.27 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 52,224 |percentage = 44.05% |change= {{decrease}}11.37 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 50,474}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,18,569|ref = |change= {{increase}}8.67 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Indian National Congress (I) |loser = Indian National Congress (I) |swing= {{increase}}9.95 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1978===
{{Election box begin|title = [[1978 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Sakri<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1978 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1978/Statistical%20Report%201978%20Maharashtra.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170629182050/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1978/Statistical%20Report%201978%20Maharashtra.pdf|archive-date=29 June 2017|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=Malusare Sukram Bhurya |party=Indian National Congress (I) |votes = 19,569 |percentage = 33.25% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Choudhari Govindrao Shivram |party=Indian National Congress |votes = 18,540 |percentage = 31.50% |change={{decrease}}28.79 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Chaure Sonu Bapu |party=Independent politician |votes = 12,350 |percentage = 20.99% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Bagul Dongar Kannayya |party=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |votes = 5,654 |percentage = 9.61% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Bhavre Govinda Elaji |party=Communist Party of India |votes = 2,737 |percentage = 4.65% |change={{decrease}}32.06 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 1,029 |percentage = 1.75% |change= {{decrease}}21.83 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 62,038 |percentage = 56.86% |change= {{decrease}}2.93 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 58,850}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,09,112|ref = |change= {{increase}}12.77 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner = Indian National Congress (I) |loser = Indian National Congress |swing= {{decrease}}27.04 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1972===
{{Election box begin|title = [[1972 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Sakri<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1967 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/StatReport_MT_72.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170519183024/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/StatReport_MT_72.pdf|archive-date=19 May 2017|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=Gojarbai Ramrao Bhamre |party=Indian National Congress |votes = 33,173 |percentage = 60.29% |change={{increase}}18.86 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Jagannath T. Desale |party=Communist Party of India |votes = 20,201 |percentage = 36.71% |change={{decrease}}14.87 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Karade Dadarao Ramji |party=Independent politician |votes = 1,648 |percentage = 3.00% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 12,972 |percentage = 23.58% |change= {{increase}}13.42 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 57,923 |percentage = 59.86% |change= {{decrease}}4.38 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 55,022}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 96,758|ref = |change= {{increase}}10.19 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |loser = Communist Party of India |swing= {{increase}}8.71 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1967===
{{Election box begin|title = [[1967 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Sakri<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1967 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=https://www.eci.nic.in/eci_main/statisticalreports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Maharashtra%201967.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180926233227/https://www.eci.nic.in/eci_main/statisticalreports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Maharashtra%201967.pdf|archive-date=26 September 2018|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=U. R. Nandre |party=Communist Party of India |votes = 27,742 |percentage = 51.58% |change={{increase}}22.03 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=K. S. Devre |party=Indian National Congress |votes = 22,282 |percentage = 41.43% |change={{decrease}}10.54 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=B. D. Rajput |party=Independent politician |votes = 1,975 |percentage = 3.67% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=A. B. Nilay |party=Independent politician |votes = 1,783 |percentage = 3.32% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 5,460 |percentage = 10.15% |change= {{decrease}}12.27 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 58,036 |percentage = 66.09% |change= {{increase}}16.26 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 53,782}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 87,810|ref = |change= {{increase}}2.48 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner = Communist Party of India |loser = Indian National Congress |swing= {{decrease}}0.39 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1962===
{{Election box begin|title = [[1962 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Sakri<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1962 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_Maharastra_1962.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120117085627/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_Maharastra_1962.pdf|archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=Gokul Rupla Gavit |party=Indian National Congress |votes = 20,032 |percentage = 51.97% |change={{increase}}31.75 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Hiraman Bhavadu Pawar |party=Communist Party of India |votes = 11,390 |percentage = 29.55% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Bhatu Lakha Pawar |party=Independent politician |votes = 4,913 |percentage = 12.75% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Daval Zelya Pawar |party=Praja Socialist Party |votes = 1,619 |percentage = 4.20% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Tulya Malya Bhavare |party=Independent politician |votes = 589 |percentage = 1.53% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 8,642 |percentage = 22.42% |change= {{increase}}22.09 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 43,195 |percentage = 50.41% |change= {{decrease}}63.00 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 38,543}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 85,683|ref = |change= {{decrease}}30.83 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |loser = Independent politician |swing= {{increase}}20.57 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1957===
{{Election box begin|title = [[1957 Bombay State Legislative Assembly election]] : Sakri<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1957 to the Legislative Assembly of Bombay |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1957/StatRep_Bombay_1957.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120114093455/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1957/StatRep_Bombay_1957.pdf|archive-date=14 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=Bedase Shankerrao Chindhuji |party=Independent politician |votes = 42,000 |percentage = 31.40% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=Padawi Rama Jirya (St) |party=Independent politician |votes = 41,554 |percentage = 31.07% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=[[Yashvantrao Sakharam Desale]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes = 27,044 |percentage = 20.22% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Gavit Tukaram Huraji (St) |party=Indian National Congress |votes = 23,159 |percentage = 17.31% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 446 |percentage = 0.33% |change= }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 1,33,757 |percentage = 107.98% |change= }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 1,33,757}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,23,868|ref = |change= }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner = Independent politician |loser = |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}
==See also==
* [[Sakri]]
* [[List of constituencies of Maharashtra Vidhan Sabha]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Dhule district topics}}
{{Assembly constituencies of Maharashtra}}
{{coord|20.99|74.32|display=title}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Dhule district]]
[[Category:Politics of Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1951]]
[[Category:1951 establishments in Bombay State]]

Keirao Assembly constituency

2026-04-16T04:34:38Z

Vivek.Dantkale: adding a bio

{{short description|Legislative Assembly constituency in Manipur State, India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2021}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Keirao
| latest_election_year = [[2022 Manipur Legislative Assembly election|2022]]
| mla = [[Lourembam Rameshwor Meetei]]
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| state = [[Manipur]]
| district = [[Imphal East district|Imphal East]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Inner Manipur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Inner Manipur]]
| established = 1972
| reservation = None
| incumbent_image = File:L. Rameshwor Meetei.jpg
| electors = {{formatnum:30224}}<ref name=election2022>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/14166-manipur-general-legislative-election-2022/ |title=Manipur General Legislative Election 2022 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=25 May 2022}}</ref>{{update after|2027|6}}
| type = SLA
| constituency_no = 6
| map_image = File:Keirao AC.pdf
}}

'''Keirao Legislative Assembly constituency''' is one of the 60 [[Manipur Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]] constituencies of [[Manipur]] state in [[India]].<ref name=election2017>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3713-manipur-general-legislative-election-2017/ |title=Manipur General Legislative Election 2017 - Manipur - Election Commission of India |website=eci.gov.in |accessdate= 2 February 2021}}</ref>

It is part of [[Imphal East district]].

== Extent ==
Keirao is the 6th among the 60 assembly constituencies of Manipur. It has 39 parts namely: 1 - Kiyamgei Maning Leikai (A), 2 - Kiyamgei Maning Leikai (B), 3 - Kiyamgei (B), 4 - Kiyamgei(C-I), 5 - Kyamgei Khoirom Leikai, 6 - Kiyamgei Mamang Leikai, 7 - Kiyamgei Mamang Leikai (B), 8 - Kiyamgei Awang Leikai, 9 - Takhok Makha, 10 - Kiyamgei Muslim (South) (A), 11 - Kiyamgei Muslim (South) (B), 12 - Arapati Maning (A), 13 - Arapati Maning (B), 14 - Arapati Nongpok(A), 15 - Arapati Nongpok(B), 16 - Urup, 17 - Urup Naokal (A), 18 - Urup Naokal (B), 19 - Urup Awang Leikai, 20 - Urup Muslim, 21 - Keirao Makting, 22 - Keirao Makting Mayai (A), 23 - Keirao Makting Mayai (B), 24 - Keirao Makting Awang Leikai (A), 25 - Keirao Makting Awang Leikai (B), 26 - Keirao Bitra (A), 27 - Keirao Bitra (B), 28 - Keirao Langdum (A), 29 - Keirao Langdum (B), 30 - Keirao Wangkhem, 31 - Khannarok, 32 - Phunal Maring, 33 - Waithou Chiru, 34 - Thiyam Konjil (A), 35 - Thiyam Konjil (B), 36 - Chanam Sandrok (A), 37 - Chanam Sandrok (B), 38 - Sandang Senba, and 39 - Lemba Khul.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Chief Electoral |first=Officer Manipur |date=Jan 2023 |title=Electoral Roll SSR 2023 |url=https://ceomanipur.nic.in/eroll}}</ref>

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Year !! Winner !! colspan="2"|Party
|-
| [[1972 Manipur Legislative Assembly election|1972]] || Mohamad Jaluddin || {{Full party name with color|Manipur Peoples Party}}
|-
| [[1974 Manipur Legislative Assembly election|1974]] || Mohamad Jaluddin || {{Full party name with color|Manipur Peoples Party}}
|-
| [[1980 Manipur Legislative Assembly election|1980]] || Abdul Matalip || {{Full party name with color|Independent politician}}
|-
| [[1984 Manipur Legislative Assembly election|1984]] || Abdul Matalip || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[1990 Manipur Legislative Assembly election|1990]] || Hidam Bidur Singh || {{Full party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|-
| [[1995 Manipur Legislative Assembly election|1995]] || Hidam Bidur Singh || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[2000 Manipur Legislative Assembly election|2000]] || Hidam Bidur Singh || {{Full party name with color|Manipur State Congress Party}}
|-
| [[2002 Manipur Legislative Assembly election|2002]] || Md. Alauddin Khan || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[2007 Manipur Legislative Assembly election|2007]] || Md. Alauddin Khan || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[2012 Manipur Legislative Assembly election|2012]] || Karam Thamarjit Singh || {{Full party name with color|Manipur State Congress Party}}
|-
| [[2017 Manipur Legislative Assembly election|2017]] || [[Lourembam Rameshwor Meetei]]|| {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| [[2022 Manipur Legislative Assembly election|2022]] || [[Lourembam Rameshwor Meetei]]|| {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|}

== Election results ==
{{bar box
|float=right
|title= Vote share of winning candidates
|titlebar=#ddd
|width=300px
|barwidth=275px
|bars=
{{bar percent|[[#Assembly Election 2022|2022]]|{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}|61.68}}
{{bar percent|[[#Assembly Election 2017|2017]]|{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}|22.81}}
{{bar percent|[[#Assembly Election 2012|2012]]|{{party color|Manipur State Congress Party}}|38.71}}
{{bar percent|[[#Assembly Election 2007|2007]]|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|35.64}}
{{bar percent|[[#Assembly Election 2002|2002]]|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|28.17}}
{{bar percent|[[#Assembly Election 2000|2000]]|{{party color|Manipur State Congress Party}}|25.30}}
{{bar percent|[[#Assembly Election 1995|1995]]|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|27.97}}
{{bar percent|[[#Assembly Election 1990|1990]]|{{party color|Janata Dal}}|38.42}}
{{bar percent|[[#Assembly Election 1984|1984]]|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|21.23}}
{{bar percent|[[#Assembly Election 1980|1980]]|{{party color|Independent politician}}|25.64}}
{{bar percent|[[#Assembly Election 1974|1974]]|{{party color|Manipur Peoples Party}}|48.34}}
{{bar percent|[[#Assembly Election 1972|1972]]|{{party color|Manipur Peoples Party}}|51.95}}
}}
=== 2022 Assembly election ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2022 Manipur Legislative Assembly election]]: Keirao<ref>{{cite web |url=https://ceomanipur.nic.in/ResultSheets/StateLegislativeAssembly/2022/results |title=Result Sheet State Assembly Election 2022 |website=Chief Electoral Officer, Manipur |accessdate= 11 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221126084814/https://ceomanipur.nic.in/ResultSheets/StateLegislativeAssembly/2022/results |archive-date= 26 November 2022}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Lourembam Rameshwor Meetei]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=17,335 |percentage=61.68% |change=38.88% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Md. Nasiruddin Khan|party=National People's Party (India)|votes=9,126|percentage=32.47%|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Md. Islamuddin Khan|party=Nationalist Congress Party|votes=983|percentage=3.50%|change=-8.91%}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Thongram Tony Meitei|party=Indian National Congress|votes=249|percentage=0.89%|change=-17.16%}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Toijam Debananda Singh|party=Shiv Sena|votes=202|percentage=0.72%|change=}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=8,209 |percentage=29.21% |change=27.15% }}
{{Election box turnout|votes=28,103|percentage=92.98%|change=-1.24%}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 30,224 |change =8.99% }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Bharatiya Janata Party |loser=Bharatiya Janata Party |swing= 38.88% }}
{{Election box end}}
=== 2017 Assembly election ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2017 Manipur Legislative Assembly election]]: Keirao<ref>{{cite web |url=https://ceomanipur.nic.in/ResultSheets/SLAResult2017.html |title=FORM 20- FINAL RESULT SHEET OF ASSEMBLY ELECTION, 2017 |website=Office of the Chief Electoral Officer - Manipur |accessdate= 11 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180905063602/http://www.ceomanipur.nic.in/ResultSheets/SLAResult2017.html |archive-date= 5 September 2018}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Lourembam Rameshwor Meetei]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=5,959 |percentage=22.81% |change=19.98% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Md. Nasiruddin Khan|party=Independent politician|votes=5,421|percentage=20.75%|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Karam Thamarjit Singh|party=Indian National Congress|votes=4,715|percentage=18.04%|change=-14.34%}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Thongram Gopen|party=North East India Development Party|votes=4,477|percentage=17.13%|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Md. Islamuddin Khan|party=Nationalist Congress Party|votes=3,241|percentage=12.40%|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Takhellambam Samananda Singh|party=Lok Janshakti Party|votes=1,446|percentage=5.53%|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Ningthoujam Itomba Meetei|party=Manipur National Democratic Front|votes=685|percentage=2.62%|change=}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=538 |percentage=2.06% |change=-4.27% }}
{{Election box turnout|votes=26,130|percentage=94.22%|change=3.28%}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 27,732 |change =10.14% }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Bharatiya Janata Party |loser=Manipur State Congress Party |swing= -15.91% }}
{{Election box end}}
=== 2012 Assembly election ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2012 Manipur Legislative Assembly election]]: Keirao<ref>{{cite web |url=https://ceomanipur.nic.in/Archive/ResultSheets/SLAResult2012.html |title=FORM 20- FINAL RESULT SHEET OF ASSEMBLY ELECTION, 2012 |website=Office of the Chief Electoral Officer - Manipur |accessdate= 11 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170628212737/https://ceomanipur.nic.in/Archive/ResultSheets/SLAResult2012.html |archive-date= 28 June 2017}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Karam Thamarjit Singh |party=Manipur State Congress Party |votes=8,865 |percentage=38.71% |change=3.08% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Md. Alauddin Khan |party=Indian National Congress |votes=7,415 |percentage=32.38% |change=-3.26% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Md. Islamuddin Khan |party=Independent politician |votes=3,391 |percentage=14.81% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Thongram Gopen |party=All India Trinamool Congress |votes=2,111 |percentage=9.22% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Thongram Tony Meitei |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=647 |percentage=2.83% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ningthoujam Itomba Meetei |party=Independent politician |votes=320 |percentage=1.40% |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=1,450 |percentage=6.33% |change=6.32% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=22,899 |percentage=90.94% |change= 1.16% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 25,179 |change =5.36% }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Manipur State Congress Party |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= 3.07% }}
{{Election box end}}
=== 2007 Assembly election ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2007 Manipur Legislative Assembly election]]: Keirao<ref>{{cite web |url=https://ceomanipur.nic.in/Archive/ResultSheets/SLAResult2007.html |title=FORM 20- FINAL RESULT SHEET OF ASSEMBLY ELECTION, 2007 |website=Office of the Chief Electoral Officer - Manipur |accessdate= 11 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210512162740/https://ceomanipur.nic.in/Archive/ResultSheets/SLAResult2007.html |archive-date= 12 May 2021}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Md. Alauddin Khan |party=Indian National Congress |votes=7,648 |percentage=35.64% |change=7.47% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Karam Thamarjit Singh |party=Manipur State Congress Party |votes=7,646 |percentage=35.63% |change=19.86% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Thongram Tony Meitei |party=Janata Dal (Secular) |votes=5,350 |percentage=24.93% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Yensembam Angou |party=Communist Party of India |votes=479 |percentage=2.23% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Hidam Bidur Singh |party=Independent politician |votes=334 |percentage=1.56% |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=2 |percentage=0.01% |change=-8.09% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=21,457 |percentage=89.79% |change= -5.88% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 23,898 |change =20.31% }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= 7.47% }}
{{Election box end}}
=== 2002 Assembly election ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2002 Manipur Legislative Assembly election]]: Keirao<ref>{{cite web |url=https://ceomanipur.nic.in/Archive/ResultSheets/SLAResult2002.html |title=FORM 20- FINAL RESULT SHEET OF ASSEMBLY ELECTION, 2002 |website=Office of the Chief Electoral Officer - Manipur |accessdate= 11 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210512183325/https://ceomanipur.nic.in/Archive/ResultSheets/SLAResult2002.html |archive-date= 12 May 2021}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Md. Alauddin Khan |party=Indian National Congress |votes=5,293 |percentage=28.17% |change=15.40% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Karam Thamarjit Singh |party=Manipur National Conference |votes=3,771 |percentage=20.07% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Hidam Bidur Singh |party=Federal Party of Manipur |votes=3,492 |percentage=18.59% |change=15.76% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Salam Lala |party=Manipur Peoples Party |votes=3,268 |percentage=17.39% |change=14.28% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Thongram Tony Meitei |party=Manipur State Congress Party |votes=2,964 |percentage=15.78% |change=-9.52% }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=1,522 |percentage=8.10% |change=-2.14% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=18,788 |percentage=95.67% |change= -1.23% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 19,864 |change =2.08% }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Manipur State Congress Party |swing= 0.20% }}
{{Election box end}}
=== 2000 Assembly election ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2000 Manipur Legislative Assembly election]]: Keirao}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Hidam Bidur Singh |party=Manipur State Congress Party |votes=4,713 |percentage=25.30% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Th. Gerani Meitei |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=2,805 |percentage=15.06% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Alauddin |party=Janata Dal (Secular) |votes=2,419 |percentage=12.98% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Najimuddin |party=Indian National Congress |votes=2,380 |percentage=12.78% |change=-15.19% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=K. Rajmani Singh |party=Nationalist Congress Party |votes=2,029 |percentage=10.89% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=O. Raghu Singh |party=Samata Party |votes=1,962 |percentage=10.53% |change=0.30% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Morung Keishing |party=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |votes=1,216 |percentage=6.53% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ch. Shamjai Singh |party=Manipur Peoples Party |votes=580 |percentage=3.11% |change=-15.32% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=H. Nabachandra Singh |party=Federal Party of Manipur |votes=526 |percentage=2.82% |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=1,908 |percentage=10.24% |change=0.71% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=18,630 |percentage=96.39% |change= -0.51% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 19,460 |change =6.58% }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Manipur State Congress Party |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= -2.67% }}
{{Election box end}}
=== 1995 Assembly election ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1995 Manipur Legislative Assembly election]]: Keirao}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Hidam Bidur Singh |party=Indian National Congress |votes=4,695 |percentage=27.97% |change=10.60% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Chingakham Shyamjai Singh |party=Manipur Peoples Party |votes=3,095 |percentage=18.44% |change=-2.30% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Abdul Matalip |party=Samajwadi Janata Party (Rashtriya) |votes=2,491 |percentage=14.84% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Nahakpam Bijoy |party=Samata Party |votes=1,717 |percentage=10.23% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Musamuddin |party=Communist Party of India |votes=1,716 |percentage=10.22% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Jalaluddin |party=Independent politician |votes=1,395 |percentage=8.31% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Alauddin |party=Janata Dal |votes=692 |percentage=4.12% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Yumlembam Ibochou |party=Independent politician |votes=612 |percentage=3.65% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Naorem Sanamacha |party=Independent politician |votes=373 |percentage=2.22% |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=1,600 |percentage=9.53% |change=-5.46% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=16,786 |percentage=96.90% |change= 2.36% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 18,259 |change =-6.18% }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Janata Dal |swing= -10.45% }}
{{Election box end}}
=== 1990 Assembly election ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1990 Manipur Legislative Assembly election]]: Keirao}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Hidam Bidur Singh |party=Janata Dal |votes=7,034 |percentage=38.42% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Konthoujam Rajmani Singh |party=Indian Congress (Socialist) – Sarat Chandra Sinha |votes=4,289 |percentage=23.42% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Jalaludin |party=Manipur Peoples Party |votes=3,797 |percentage=20.74% |change=1.06% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Md. Abdul Matlib |party=Indian National Congress |votes=3,181 |percentage=17.37% |change=-3.86% }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=2,745 |percentage=14.99% |change=14.35% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=18,310 |percentage=94.54% |change= 3.59% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 19,461 |change =22.54% }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Janata Dal |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= 17.18% }}
{{Election box end}}
=== 1984 Assembly election ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1984 Manipur Legislative Assembly election]]: Keirao}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Abdul Matalip |party=Indian National Congress |votes=2,990 |percentage=21.23% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Konthoujam Rajmani Singh |party=Independent politician |votes=2,900 |percentage=20.59% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Jalaluddin |party=Manipur Peoples Party |votes=2,771 |percentage=19.68% |change=18.42% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Thangja Moba |party=Independent politician |votes=2,266 |percentage=16.09% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Takhellambam Tomba |party=Communist Party of India |votes=1,557 |percentage=11.06% |change=-12.18% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Hidam Nabachandra |party=Independent politician |votes=1,093 |percentage=7.76% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Jameruddin |party=Independent politician |votes=505 |percentage=3.59% |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=90 |percentage=0.64% |change=-1.77% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=14,082 |percentage=90.95% |change= 7.00% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 15,881 |change =12.09% }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Independent politician |swing= -4.40% }}
{{Election box end}}
=== 1980 Assembly election ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1980 Manipur Legislative Assembly election]]: Keirao}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Abdul Matalip |party=Independent politician |votes=2,985 |percentage=25.64% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Takhellambam Tomba |party=Communist Party of India |votes=2,705 |percentage=23.23% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Konthoujam Rajmani Singh |party=Indian National Congress (U) |votes=2,369 |percentage=20.35% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Jalaluddin |party=Janata Party |votes=2,316 |percentage=19.89% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Deben Thigujamba |party=Indian National Congress (I) |votes=760 |percentage=6.53% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Md. Oli Haji |party=Independent politician |votes=206 |percentage=1.77% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Thokchom Gouro |party=Independent politician |votes=156 |percentage=1.34% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Laishram Ibomeha |party=Manipur Peoples Party |votes=146 |percentage=1.25% |change=-47.08% }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=280 |percentage=2.40% |change=-16.50% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=11,643 |percentage=83.95% |change= -2.87% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 14,168 |change =32.87% }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Independent politician |loser=Manipur Peoples Party |swing= -22.70% }}
{{Election box end}}
=== 1974 Assembly election ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1974 Manipur Legislative Assembly election]]: Keirao}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Mohamad Jaluddin |party=Manipur Peoples Party |votes=4,344 |percentage=48.34% |change=-3.62% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ngangbam Bira |party=Indian National Congress |votes=2,645 |percentage=29.43% |change=-2.67% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Heikham Momom Singh |party=Socialist Labour Party (India) |votes=1,621 |percentage=18.04% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Thokchom Gouro |party=Indian National Congress (Organisation) |votes=377 |percentage=4.19% |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=1,699 |percentage=18.91% |change=-0.95% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=8,987 |percentage=86.82% |change= 3.41% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 10,663 |change =14.77% }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Manipur Peoples Party |loser=Manipur Peoples Party |swing= -3.62% }}
{{Election box end}}
=== 1972 Assembly election ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1972 Manipur Legislative Assembly election]]: Keirao}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Mohamad Jaluddin |party=Manipur Peoples Party |votes=3,964 |percentage=51.95% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Phanijoubam Muhol Singh |party=Indian National Congress |votes=2,449 |percentage=32.10% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Thokchom Kunjo |party=Socialist Labour Party (India) |votes=1,217 |percentage=15.95% |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=1,515 |percentage=19.86% |change= }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=7,630 |percentage=83.41% |change= }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 9,291 |change = }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner=Manipur Peoples Party |loser= |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
* [[List of constituencies of the Manipur Legislative Assembly]]
* [[Imphal East district]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{cite web |title=Record of all Manipur Assembly Elections |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/category/81-manipur/ |website=eci.gov.in |publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date=14 March 2022}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Manipur}}
{{coord|24.71|93.97|display=title}}

[[Category:Imphal East district]]
[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Manipur]]
[[Category:Politics of Manipur]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1972]]
[[Category:1972 establishments in Manipur]]

Akrani Assembly constituency

2026-04-15T23:19:41Z

Vivek.Dantkale: Adding The Pg Needs Work - done

{{Short description|Former constituency of the Maharashtra legislative assembly in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2025}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Akrani
| type = SLA
| map_image =
| map_caption =
| map_alt =
| state = [[Maharashtra]]
| district =
| division =
| loksabha_cons = [[Nandurbar Lok Sabha constituency|Nandurbar]]
| constituency_no =
| established = 1962
| reservation =
| abolished = 2008
| electors =
}}
'''[[Akrani]]''' Vidhan Sabha seat was one of the constituencies of [[Maharashtra Vidhan Sabha]], in [[India]]. It was a segment of [[Nandurbar Lok Sabha constituency]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Akrani Assembly Constituency Election Result - Legislative Assembly Constituency |url=https://resultuniversity.com/election/akrani-maharashtra-assembly-constituency |access-date= |website=resultuniversity.com}}</ref> Akrani seat existed until the 2004 elections after which it was succeeded by [[Akkalkuwa Assembly constituency]] in 2008.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ceo.maharashtra.gov.in/acs.php |title=District wise List of Assembly and Parliamentary Constituencies |publisher=Chief Electoral Officer, Maharashtra website |accessdate=12 October 2017 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090225084439/http://ceo.maharashtra.gov.in/acs.php |archivedate=25 February 2009 }}</ref>

== Members of Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable"
!Year
!Member
! colspan="2" |Party
|-
|[[1962 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1962]]
|Chandrasing Bhandari
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| colspan="4" |{{Center|''1967-1978 : Constituency defunct''}}
|-
|[[1978 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1978]]
|Shankar Jadhav
|{{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}
|-
|[[1980 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1980]]
| rowspan="2" |Rameshbhai Pawara
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress (I)|dab=yes}}
|-
|[[1985 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1985]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[1990 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1990]]
|K. V. Padvia
|{{Full party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|-
|[[1995 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1995]]
| rowspan="3" |[[Kagda Chandya Padvi]]
|{{party name with color|Independent politician}}
|-
|[[1999 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1999]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
|[[2004 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|2004]]
|-
| colspan="4" |{{Center|''2009 onwards : See [[Akkalkuwa Assembly constituency|Akkalkuwa]]''}}
|}

== Election results ==

===Assembly Election 2004===
{{Election box begin|title = [[2004 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Akrani}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=[[Kagda Chandya Padvi]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes = 38,165 |percentage = 33.85% |change={{decrease}}10.69 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Padvi Udesing Kocharu |party=Shiv Sena |votes = 20,225 |percentage = 17.94% |change={{increase}}14.02 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Pyarelal Babulal Patale |party=Independent politician |votes = 18,755 |percentage = 16.64% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Pawar Madan Mithya |party=Independent politician |votes = 16,132 |percentage = 14.31% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Naik Babulal Roopsing |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes = 6,142 |percentage = 5.45% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Hirabai Vilas Padvi |party=Independent politician |votes = 6,123 |percentage = 5.43% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Padvi Ravindra Parshi |party=Independent politician |votes = 3,845 |percentage = 3.41% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 17,940 |percentage = 15.91% |change= {{increase}}2.55 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 1,12,737 |percentage = 61.42% |change= {{increase}}5.31 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 1,12,732}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,83,550|ref = |change= {{increase}}16.56 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |loser = Indian National Congress |swing= {{decrease}}10.69 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1999===
{{Election box begin|title = [[1999 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Akrani<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1999 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1999/StatisticalReport-MH99.pdf|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120117044316/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1999/StatisticalReport-MH99.pdf|archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=[[Kagda Chandya Padvi]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes = 39,353 |percentage = 44.54% |change={{increase}}21.36 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Paradake Rupsing Parashi |party=Nationalist Congress Party |votes = 27,548 |percentage = 31.18% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Pawara Madan Mitha |party=Independent politician |votes = 8,736 |percentage = 9.89% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Thakare Kessharsing Thunya |party=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |votes = 4,665 |percentage = 5.28% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Naik Babulal Roopsing |party=Independent politician |votes = 4,589 |percentage = 5.19% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Udaysing Mansing Pawara |party=Shiv Sena |votes = 3,464 |percentage = 3.92% |change={{decrease}}3.50 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 11,805 |percentage = 13.36% |change= {{increase}}9.49 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 94,824 |percentage = 60.21% |change= {{decrease}}12.98 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 88,355}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,57,478|ref = |change= {{increase}}5.44 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |loser = Independent politician |swing= {{increase}}17.49 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1995===
{{Election box begin|title = [[1995 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Akrani<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1995 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1995/StatisticalReport-MH95.pdf|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120117121534/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1995/StatisticalReport-MH95.pdf |archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=[[Kagda Chandya Padvi]] |party=Independent politician |votes = 27,915 |percentage = 27.05% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Pawara Rameshbhai Thikya |party=Indian National Congress |votes = 23,917 |percentage = 23.18% |change={{decrease}}23.63 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Bhandari Tarasing Chandrasing |party=Independent politician |votes = 17,763 |percentage = 17.22% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Sonwane Vaharu Fulsing |party=Independent politician |votes = 11,502 |percentage = 11.15% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Babulal Rupsing Naik |party=Shiv Sena |votes = 7,659 |percentage = 7.42% |change={{increase}}6.88 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Girdhar Fattu Pawar |party=Janata Dal |votes = 4,338 |percentage = 4.20% |change={{decrease}}47.85 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Thakare Damu Rama |party=Independent politician |votes = 3,005 |percentage = 2.91% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 3,998 |percentage = 3.87% |change= {{decrease}}1.37 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 1,09,850 |percentage = 73.55% |change= {{increase}}9.62 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 1,03,183}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,49,347|ref = |change= {{increase}}18.95 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner = Independent politician |loser = Janata Dal |swing= {{decrease}}25.00 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1990===
{{Election box begin|title = [[1990 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Akrani<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1990 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1990/StatRep_MT_90.pdf |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120117080722/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1990/StatRep_MT_90.pdf |archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=K. V. Padvia |party=Janata Dal |votes = 38,872 |percentage = 52.06% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Bhandari Tarasing Chandrasing |party=Indian National Congress |votes = 34,956 |percentage = 46.81% |change={{decrease}}15.13 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 3,916 |percentage = 5.24% |change= {{decrease}}26.34 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 77,129 |percentage = 61.43% |change= {{increase}}4.35 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 74,671}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,25,556|ref = |change= {{increase}}29.96 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner = Janata Dal |loser = Indian National Congress |swing= {{decrease}}9.88 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1985===
{{Election box begin|title = [[1985 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Akrani<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1985 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1985/Statistical%20Report%20Maharashtra%201985.pdf |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120117075119/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1985/Statistical%20Report%20Maharashtra%201985.pdf |archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=Pawara Rameshbhai Thikya |party=Indian National Congress |votes = 32,987 |percentage = 61.94% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Appasaheb Shankar Fugara Jadhav |party=Janata Party |votes = 16,165 |percentage = 30.35% |change={{increase}}4.98 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Gomaji Pukhaji Valvi |party=Independent politician |votes = 1,619 |percentage = 3.04% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Barde Shivdas Kagada |party=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |votes = 1,504 |percentage = 2.82% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Pawar Bhamatya Nura |party=Independent politician |votes = 982 |percentage = 1.84% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 16,822 |percentage = 31.59% |change= {{decrease}}7.49 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 55,599 |percentage = 57.55% |change= {{increase}}8.15 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 53,257}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 96,611|ref = |change= {{increase}}11.17 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |loser = Indian National Congress (I) |swing= {{decrease}}2.50 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1980===
{{Election box begin|title = [[1980 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Akrani<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1980 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1980/Statistical%20Report%201980%20Maharashtra.pdf |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120117083555/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1980/Statistical%20Report%201980%20Maharashtra.pdf |archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=Pawara Rameshbhai Thikya |party=Indian National Congress (I) |votes = 26,309 |percentage = 64.44% |change={{increase}}44.06 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Pawara Daga Vishram |party=Janata Party |votes = 10,357 |percentage = 25.37% |change={{decrease}}13.47 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Bgamare Jagirdar Parsing |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 3,675 |percentage = 9.00% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Patale Diwangsing Hari |party=Independent politician |votes = 486 |percentage = 1.19% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 15,952 |percentage = 39.07% |change= {{increase}}24.70 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 42,988 |percentage = 49.46% |change= {{decrease}}7.45 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 40,827}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 86,906|ref = |change= {{increase}}9.38 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner = Indian National Congress (I) |loser = Janata Party |swing= {{increase}}25.61 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1978===
{{Election box begin|title = [[1978 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Akrani<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1978 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1978/Statistical%20Report%201978%20Maharashtra.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170629182050/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1978/Statistical%20Report%201978%20Maharashtra.pdf|archive-date=29 June 2017|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=Jadhav Shankar Fugara |party=Janata Party |votes = 16,795 |percentage = 38.83% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Ukhalde Gosa Rupaji |party=Indian National Congress |votes = 10,580 |percentage = 24.46% |change={{decrease}}25.18 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Patale Diwangsing Hari |party=Indian National Congress (I) |votes = 8,813 |percentage = 20.38% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Chavan Hasar Basara |party=Independent politician |votes = 3,734 |percentage = 8.63% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Bharibai Mansing Shemale |party=Independent politician |votes = 3,327 |percentage = 7.69% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 6,215 |percentage = 14.37% |change= {{decrease}}17.36 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 45,784 |percentage = 57.62% |change= {{increase}}17.85 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 43,249}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 79,454|ref = |change= {{increase}}15.07 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner = Janata Party |loser = Indian National Congress |swing= {{decrease}}10.81 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1962===
{{Election box begin|title = [[1962 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Akrani<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1962 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_Maharastra_1962.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120117085627/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_Maharastra_1962.pdf|archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=Chandrasing Dhanaka Bhandari |party=Indian National Congress |votes = 12,541 |percentage = 49.64% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Parshi Tetya Pawara |party=Bharatiya Jana Sangh |votes = 4,525 |percentage = 17.91% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Gosa Rupaji Ukhalde |party=Republican Party of India |votes = 3,397 |percentage = 13.45% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Punja Chandra Sonawane |party=Praja Socialist Party |votes = 2,825 |percentage = 11.18% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Tarasing Singa Thakare |party=Independent politician |votes = 1,975 |percentage = 7.82% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 8,016 |percentage = 31.73% |change= }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 27,766 |percentage = 40.21% |change= }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 25,263}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 69,050|ref = |change= }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner = Indian National Congress |loser = |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
* [[List of constituencies of Maharashtra Legislative Assembly]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Vidhan Sabha constituencies of Maharashtra}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Akrani Assembly constituency}}
[[Category:Nandurbar district]]
[[Category:Former assembly constituencies of Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Constituencies disestablished in 2008]]
[[Category:2008 disestablishments in India]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1962]]

Joseph Sunny

2026-04-10T13:35:16Z

Vivek.Dantkale:

{{short description|Indian footballer (born 2003)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2025}}
{{Infobox football biography
| name = Joseph Sunny
| image =
| image_size =
| caption =
| fullname =
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|2003|10|13|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Kerala]], India
| height =
| position = [[Forward (association football)|Forward]]
| currentclub = [[SC Delhi]]
| clubnumber = 23
| youthyears1 =
| youthclubs1 = [[Golden Threads FC|Golden Threads]]
| youthyears2 =
| youthclubs2 = [[FC Kerala|Kerala]]
| youthyears3 = 2021–2022
| youthclubs3 = [[Hyderabad FC Reserves and Academy|Hyderabad Youth]]
| years1 = 2022–2023
| clubs1 = [[Hyderabad FC Reserves and Academy|Hyderabad B]]
| caps1 = 6
| goals1 = 0
| years2 = 2023–2025
| clubs2 = [[Hyderabad FC|Hyderabad]]
| caps2 = 23
| goals2 = 2
| years3 = 2025–
| clubs3 = [[SC Delhi]]
| caps3 = 5
| goals3 = 2

| nationalyears1 = 2025–
| nationalteam1 = [[India national under-23 football team|India U23]]
| nationalcaps1 = 1
| nationalgoals1 = 0
| club-update = 22:00, 22 May 2025 (UTC)
| nationalteam-update = 22:00, 21 June 2025 (UTC)
}}

'''Joseph Sunny''' (born 13 October 2003) is an Indian professional [[Association football|footballer]] who plays as a [[Forward (association football)|forward]] for [[Indian Super League]] club [[SC Delhi]].

==Club career==
Sunny started playing football with [[Golden Threads FC|Golden Threads]], a football club based in [[Kochi]], [[Kerala]]. Then he moved to [[FC Kerala]] before joing [[Hyderabad FC]]. He represented [[Hyderabad FC Reserves and Academy|Hyderabad youth team]] at the [[Reliance Foundation Development League|RD Development League]] for [[2021–22 in Indian football|2021–22 season]]. He played six matches and scored a goal. He also represented [[Calicut University]], his alma mater.<ref name="AIFF">{{cite web |title=Joseph Sunny profile |url=https://www.the-aiff.com/players/profile/92157?type=club |publisher=[[All India Football Federation]] |access-date=22 May 2025}}</ref><ref name="ISL">{{cite web |title=Joseph Sunny Profile |url=https://www.indiansuperleague.com/players/forward-189649-joseph-sunny-profile |publisher=[[Indian Super League]] |access-date=22 May 2025}}</ref><ref name="HFC">{{cite web |title=Joseph Sunny: first team |url=https://hyderabadfc.co.in/players-and-staff/joseph-sunny/ |publisher=[[Hyderabad FC]] |access-date=22 May 2025}}</ref>

=== Hyderabad ===
In 2022, he was promoted to the [[Hyderabad FC Reserves and Academy|reserve team]] of Hyderabad (as Hyderabad B). He played the [[2022–23 in Indian football|2022–23 season]] for Hyderabad B at the [[2022–23 I-League 2nd Division]], the third tier league of Indian football. For [[2023–24 in Indian football|2023–24 season]], he was promoted to the main team and made his debut at the [[Indian Super League]] (ISL), the top tier league of Indian football. He played eleven matches in this season.<ref name="AIFF"/><ref name="ISL"/><ref name="HFC"/> In the next season he played 13 matches for Hyderabad and scored twice. His first goal in ISL came in a 3–1 victory against [[Mohammedan SC (Kolkata)|Mohammedan]] on 8 February 2025.<ref name="Soccerway"/><ref>{{cite news |last1=Subrahmanyam |first1=V. V. |title=ISL 2024-25: Hyderabad FC thrashes Mohammedan SC 3-1 at home |url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/football/indian-football/hyderabad-fc-vs-mohammedan-sc-score-result-isl-2024-25-hfc-v-msc-highlights-news/article69196856.ece |access-date=22 May 2025 |work=[[Sportstar]] |publisher=[[The Hindu]] |date=8 February 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250522171232/https://sportstar.thehindu.com/football/indian-football/hyderabad-fc-vs-mohammedan-sc-score-result-isl-2024-25-hfc-v-msc-highlights-news/article69196856.ece |archive-date=22 May 2025 |url-status=live}}</ref>

==International==
In May 2025, [[India national under-23 football team|India under-23]] head coach [[Naushad Moosa]] listed Sunny in the 29-members probable squad for two friendlies that will be held in Tajikistan in June 2025.<ref>{{cite web |title=Naushad Moosa names 29-member probable squad for India U23s |url=https://www.the-aiff.com/article/naushad-moosa-names-29-member-probable-squad-for-india-u23s |publisher=[[All India Football Federation]] |access-date=22 May 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250522171716/https://www.the-aiff.com/article/naushad-moosa-names-29-member-probable-squad-for-india-u23s |archive-date=22 May 2025 |url-status=live}}</ref>

== Career statistics ==
=== Club ===
{{updated|22 May 2025}}<ref name="Soccerway">{{Soccerway|joseph-sunny/949690}}</ref>

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
|-
!rowspan="2"|Club
!rowspan="2"|Season
!colspan="3"|League
!colspan="2"|Cup
!colspan="2"|[[Asian Football Confederation|AFC]]
!colspan="2"|Total
|-
!Division!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals
|-
| rowspan="2"|[[Hyderabad FC Reserves and Academy|Hyderabad B]]
|[[2022–23 I-League 2nd Division|2022–23]]
|[[I-League 2]]
|6||0||0||0|| colspan="2" |–||colspan="2" |–
|-
! colspan="2"| Total
!6!!0||0!!0!!colspan="2"| –!!6!!0
|-
| rowspan="3" |[[Hyderabad FC|Hyderabad]]
|[[2023–24 Indian Super League|2023–24]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Indian Super League]]
|10||0||1{{efn|name=SuperCup|Appearance(s) in [[Super Cup (India)|Super Cup]]}}||0|| colspan="2" |–||11||0
|-
|[[2024–25 Indian Super League|2024–25]]
|13||2||0||0|| colspan="2" |–||13||2
|-
! colspan="2" |Total
!23!!2||1!!0!!0!!0!!24!!2
|-
! colspan="3" |Career total
!29!!2!!1!!0!!0!!0!!30!!2
|}
{{notelist}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{Portal bar|India|Association football|Biography}}
* [https://www.the-aiff.com/players/profile/92157?type=club Joseph Sunny] at AIFF
* [https://www.indiansuperleague.com/players/forward-189649-joseph-sunny-profile Joseph Sunny] at ISL
* {{Soccerway|949690}}

{{Hyderabad FC squad}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sunny, Joseph}}
[[Category:2003 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Footballers from Kerala]]
[[Category:Indian men's footballers]]
[[Category:Hyderabad FC players]]
[[Category:Indian Super League players]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian sportsmen]]
[[Category:Men's association football forwards]]
[[Category:India men's youth international footballers]]

Ramakrishna (2004 Kannada film)

2026-04-03T22:36:00Z

Vivek.Dantkale: new.

{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Ramakrishna
| image = Ramakrishna (2004 Kannada film).jpeg
| caption =
| director = [[Om Sai Prakash]]
| writer = B. A. Madhu
{{small|(dialogues)}}
| screenplay = Om Sai Prakash
| story = Pandiarajan
| based_on = {{Based on|''[[Aan Paavam]]'' (1985) by [[Pandiarajan]]}}
| starring = [[Ravichandran (Kannada actor)|V. Ravichandran]] [[Jaggesh]] [[Kaveri (actress)|Kaveri]] [[Laila Mehdin|Laila]]
| producer = K. Bala Muttaiah
| music = [[S. A. Rajkumar]]
| cinematography = G. S. V. Seetharam
| editing = Shyam Yadav
| studio = Sri Dhanalakshmi Creations
| distributor = Bahaar Films
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2004|5|28}}
| runtime = 146 minutes
| language = Kannada
| country = India
| budget =
}}

'''''Ramakrishna''''' is a 2004 Indian [[Kannada]]-language [[romantic comedy]] film directed by [[Om Sai Prakash]] and produced by K. Bala Mutthaiah. The film stars [[Ravichandran (Kannada actor)|V. Ravichandran]], [[Jaggesh]], [[Kaveri (actress)|Kaveri]] and [[Laila Mehdin|Laila]] in the leading roles. The music was composed by [[S. A. Rajkumar]]. It is a remake of 1985 [[Tamil language|Tamil]] film ''[[Aan Paavam]]''.<ref>http://www.viggy.com/english/current_ramakrishna.asp Ramakrishna - Ravi and Jaggesh again</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.deccanherald.com/deccanherald/mar212004/ent12.asp|title=Ravi, Jaggi in Ramakrishna|website=Deccan Herald|access-date=18 March 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041201090646/http://www.deccanherald.com/deccanherald/mar212004/ent12.asp|archive-date=1 December 2004}}</ref>

== Plot==
{{No Plot|date=April 2025}}

== Cast ==
{{cast listing|
* [[Ravichandran (Kannada actor)|V. Ravichandran]] as Rama
* [[Jaggesh]] as Krishna
* [[Kaveri (actress)|Kaveri]] as Seetha
* [[Laila Mehdin|Laila]] as Lakshmi
* [[Srinivasa Murthy]] as Vishwanath, Lakshmi's father
* [[Doddanna]] as Shankrappa, Rama and Krishna's father
* [[Sadhu Kokila]] as Rowdy Ranganna
* [[Om Sai Prakash]] as Seetha's father
* [[Chitra Shenoy]] as Seetha's Mother
* [[M. N. Lakshmi Devi]] as Rama and Krishna's grandmother and Shankrappa's mother
* [[Thriller Manju]] cameo appearance in fight scene
* Dharma
* G. K. Krishna
* Bank Suresh
* Rathnakar
* Bangalore Nagesh
* [[Mandeep Roy]]
* Anand Rao
* Master Karthik Sharma
}}

==Production==
The film's final schedule was held at Srirangapatna.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://sify.com/entertainment/movies/kannada/fullstory.php?id=13468906|title=Rama-Krishna completed|work=Sify|access-date=1 October 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040911083511/http://sify.com/entertainment/movies/kannada/fullstory.php?id=13468906|archive-date=11 September 2004}}</ref>
== Soundtrack ==
The music was composed by [[S. A. Rajkumar]] and lyrics written by [[K. Kalyan]].<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20141117070513/http://mio.to/album/Ramakrishna+(2004) Songs list]</ref> A total of 6 tracks have been composed for the film and the audio rights brought by Manoranjan Audio. "Halli Haadu" and "Muguthi Muthu" were reused from Rajkumar's own songs "Komma Komma" (''[[Nuvvu Vastavani]]''; Telugu) and "Mookuthi Muthazhagu" (''Kannupadapoguthaiya''; Tamil) respectively.

{{track listing
| headline = Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| all_lyrics = K. Kalyan
| title1 = Gili Gili Giliye
| extra1 = [[Rajesh Krishnan]], [[Mathangi Jagdish|Mathangi]]
| length1 =
| title2 = Gandhada Gudi
| extra2 = [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]], [[K. S. Chithra]]
| length2 =
| title3 = Mugutthi Muthu Chanda
| extra3 = [[Hariharan (singer)|Hariharan]]
| length3 =
| title4 = Chandulli Nanna
| extra4 = S. P. Balasubrahmanyam
| length4 =
| title5 = Halli Hudugi Haadu
| extra5 = K. S. Chithra
| length5 =
| title6 = Halli Hudugi Haadu (sad)
| extra6 = K. S. Chithra
| length6 =
|}}
==Reception==
''Viggy'' wrote "Looks like director was least bothered to polish the movie with contemporary touch; he followed the same equation that was used twenty years back!"<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.viggy.com/english/review_ramakrishna.asp|title=Ramakrishna - film review|date=2004|work=Viggy}}</ref> ''Deccan Herald'' wrote "Saiprakash has mixed romance, action, silly comedy and sentiments and all that go into making an out and out commercial film . It is like ‘old wine in a new bottle’".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.deccanherald.com/deccanherald/may302004/mr2.asp|date=30 May 2004|access-date=1 October 2023|title=Ramakrishna/ Mellusire Savigana|work=[[Deccan Herald]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041126162519/http://www.deccanherald.com/deccanherald/may302004/mr2.asp|archive-date=26 November 2004}}</ref> ''Indiainfo'' wrote "The film is in a village backdrop. But at times the director has mixed village and city. Both the lead hero's look as if they have come from the city. Heroines are very much village belle's and things look confusing here. Editing is not so pleasing. Cinematography is okay. Music is good. Two songs are hummable. Show is worth the ticket money."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://movies.indiainfo.com/kannada/reviews/ramakrishna.html|title=Indiainfo: Kannada: RAMAKRISHNA|access-date=24 October 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040607020750/http://movies.indiainfo.com/kannada/reviews/ramakrishna.html|archive-date=7 June 2004|website=Indiainfo}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|23840932}}

{{Sai Prakash}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Rama Krishna}}
[[Category:2004 films]]
[[Category:2004 Kannada-language films]]
[[Category:Indian comedy films]]
[[Category:Kannada remakes of Tamil films]]
[[Category:Films scored by S. A. Rajkumar]]
[[Category:Films directed by Om Sai Prakash]]
[[Category:2004 comedy films]]

{{2000s-Kannada-film-stub}}

Muhammad Yusuf Taulawi

2026-04-03T09:56:12Z

Vivek.Dantkale: creating new pg

{{Short description|Indian Deobandi mufti, hadith teacher and author (born 1954)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2025}}
{{Infobox religious biography
|honorific_prefix=Maulana, Mufti
|name=Muhammad Yusuf Taʾulawī
|native_name=محمد یوسف تاؤلوی
|native_name_lang=ur
|birth_date={{Birth date and age|df=y|1954|9|9}}
|birth_place=Tawli, [[Muzaffarnagar district]], Uttar Pradesh, India
|nationality=Indian
|occupation=Islamic scholar, jurist, teacher, author, poet
|main_interests=Hadith, fiqh, kalam, tafsir, Urdu poetry
|era=Contemporary
|religion=[[Islam]]
|denomination=Sunni
|jurisprudence=Hanafi
|movement=[[Deobandi]]
|alma_mater=[[Darul Uloom Deoband]]
|parents=Azīmuddin (father)
}}

'''Muhammad Yusuf Taʾulawī'''{{Efn|{{langx|ur|{{nastaliq|محمد یوسف تاؤلوی}}}}}} (born 9 September 1954), generally written as '''Mufti Yusuf Tawli''', is an Indian Sunni Muslim scholar of the Deobandi tradition, a mufti, and a long-serving teacher of hadith and fiqh at [[Darul Uloom Deoband]], where he also held academic administrative roles including ''Nazim-e-Taʿlimat'' (2016–2019). He has authored more than two dozen works in Urdu and Arabic—among them the multi-volume ''al-Fatāwā al-Yūsufiyyah'', ''Ashraf al-Hidāyah'' (on the fourth part of ''al-Hidāyah''), and commentaries on [[Tafsir al-Baydawi]] and [[Shah Waliullah Dehlawi|al-Fawz al-Kabir]]. Taʾulawī’s Urdu poetry has been anthologized in Nadīm Aḥmad Anṣārī’s ''Shiʿr-i Faqīh'' (2019). Spiritually, he is a recognized ''khalīfah'' of [[Mahmood Hasan Gangohi]], and he established the publishing house ''Maktabah Faqīh al-Ummat'' for issuing his and others' scholarly works.

==Early life and education==
Muhammad Yusuf Taʾulawī was born on 9 September 1954{{Efn|Some Urdu and Arabic sources give 1956 (1375 AH) as the year of birth;{{Sfn|Subḥānī Muẓāhirī|2021|p=547}}{{Sfn|Mubarakpuri|2021|p=440}}{{Sfn|Rampuri|2022|p=273}} this page follows the date 9 September 1954 per Khalili Qasmi.{{Sfn|Khalili Qasmi|2020|p=689}}}} in Tawli, [[Muzaffarnagar district]], Uttar Pradesh, to Azīmuddin.{{Sfn|Khalili Qasmi|2020|p=689}}

He received his early education at Darul Uloom Husainiya, Tawli. In 1972 (1392 AH), he enrolled at [[Darul Uloom Deoband]] and graduated from the final hadith class (''Dawrah-yi Hadith'') in 1974 (1394 AH). He completed ''ifta'' training the following year under [[Mahmood Hasan Gangohi]].{{Sfn|Khalili Qasmi|2020|p=689}}{{Sfn|Subḥānī Muẓāhirī|2021|p=547}}

His hadith teachers included: [[Sharif Hasan Deobandi]] (''[[Sahih al-Bukhari]]'', Part I), Mahmood Hasan Gangohi (''Bukhari'', Part II), Abdul Ahad (''[[Sahih Muslim]]''), Sharif Hasan Deobandi (''[[Jami' al-Tirmidhi]]''), Muhammad Husain Bihari (''[[Sunan Abi Dawud]]''), Naʻim Ahmad Deobandi (''[[Sunan al-Nasa'i]]''), [[Naseer Ahmad Khan (scholar)|Naseer Ahmad Khan]] ([[Tahawi]]'s ''Sharh Maʻani al-Athar''), [[Mirajul Haq Deobandi]] (''[[Shama'il at-Tirmidhi]]''), [[Nizamuddin Azami]] (''[[Muwatta Imam Malik]]''), and [[Anzar Shah Kashmiri]] ([[al-Shaybani]]'s ''Muwatta''). In ''ifta'' he further studied with Nizamuddin Aʻzami and Ahmad ʻAli Saeed Nagīnavi.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Muzaffarnagari|first1=Muhammad Taslim ʻArifi|last2=Saharanpuri|first2=Abdullah Sher Khan|title=Asātizah Dār al-ʻUlūm wa Asānīdihim fī al-Ḥadīth|trans-title=Teachers of Darul Uloom and Their Chains in Hadith|url=https://archive.org/details/20240305_20240305_1203#86|publisher=Maktabat al-Ḥaramayn|location=Deoband|date=2023|edition=2nd|page=87|language=ur}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Subḥānī Muẓāhirī|first1=Muhammad Kauthar ʻAli|title=al-Jawhar al-Mufīd fī Taḥqīq al-Asānīd: yāʻnī Tazkirah-i Muḥaddithīn aur un kī sanadain|trans-title=The Useful Jewel in Authentication of Chains: Register of Hadith Scholars and Their Chains|url=https://archive.org/details/al-jauhar-al-mufeed-fi-tahqiq-al-asanid#547|publisher=Jāmiʻat al-Falāḥ Dār al-ʻUlūm al-Islāmiyyah|location=[[Forbesganj]], Araria, Bihar|edition=1st|date=December 2021|pages=547–548|language=ur}}</ref>

==Career==
After graduation, Taʾulawī taught for three years at Madrasa Muradiya, Muzaffarnagar, and then for seven years at Darul Uloom Chilla, [[Amroha]], where he taught senior classes including hadith texts.{{Sfn|Muzaffarnagari|Saharanpuri|2023|pp=87–88}}

He was appointed a teacher at [[Darul Uloom Deoband]] in Shawwal 1405 AH (July 1985), progressed to the senior (''ʻulyā'') level by 1430 AH (2009), and additionally served for many years as superintendent of the student hostel (''Nazim Dar al-Iqama''). He was appointed ''Nazim Taʻlimat'' (head of academic affairs) in Safar 1438 AH (November 2016) and served until Dhu al-Qa'dah 1440 AH (July 2019).<ref>{{cite book|last=Khalili Qasmi|first=Muhammadullah|author-link=Muhammadullah Khalili Qasmi|title=Dar al-ʻUloom Deoband ki Jāmiʻ wa Mukhtaṣar Tārīkh|trans-title=The Comprehensive and Concise History of Darul Uloom Deoband|url=https://archive.org/details/darul-uloom-deob-ki-jamey-wa-mukhtasar-tareekh-edition-2#689|publisher=Sheikh al-Hind Academy|location=Deoband|date=October 2020|edition=2nd|pages=690, 752, 768, 788|language=ur|oclc=1345466013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=दारुल उलूम में दाखिलों के लिए दिए निर्देश|trans-title=Guidelines issued for admissions at Darul Uloom|work=[[Amar Ujala]]|date=16 May 2017|url=https://www.amarujala.com/uttar-pradesh/saharanpur/darul-uloom-mein-diye-daakhilon-ke-liye-nirdesh|language=hi|access-date=4 September 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Mishra|first=Nawal|title=दारुल उलूम में तालीम के दौरान छात्रों के लिए एंड्रायड फोन पर पाबंदी|trans-title=Ban on Android phones for students during studies at Darul Uloom|work=[[Dainik Jagran]]|date=27 July 2017|url=https://www.jagran.com/uttar-pradesh/saharanpur-android-phones-banned-for-students-during-study-period-in-darul-uloom-16444630.html|language=hi|access-date=4 September 2025}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Amin |first=Ruhul |date=15 November 2016 |title=দারুল উলুম দেওবন্দের নতুন শিক্ষাসচিব মুফতি ইউসুফ |trans-title=Mufti Yusuf is the new education secretary of Darul Uloom Deoband |url=https://sylhetreport.com/?p=5001 |access-date=2025-09-08 |website=Sylhet Report |language=bn}}</ref>

He also established a publishing house, Maktabah Faqīh al-Ummat, through which a number of his works and other scholarly writings have been issued.<ref>{{cite news |last=Qasmi |first=Farooq Azam|title=Darul Uloom Deoband aur Urdu Zaban|trans-title=Darul Uloom Deoband and the Urdu Language |url=https://urdu.millattimes.com/archives/7965 |work=[[Millat Times]] |date=18 January 2017 |language=ur |access-date=7 September 2025}}</ref>

=== Poetry ===
He was also known for his Urdu poetry. A chapter on his poetic contributions is included in Nadīm Aḥmad Anṣārī's work ''Shiʿr-i Faqīh: Deoband se wābastah baʿẓ mashhūr muftiyān-i kirām aur unkī Urdū shāʻirī kā taz̲kirah'' (2019), covering pages 244–265.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Anṣārī |first=Nadīm Aḥmad |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dQ0vzgEACAAJ |title=Shiʻr-i faqīh: Deoband se wābastah baʻẓ mashhūr muftiyān-i kirām aur unkī Urdū shāʻirī kā taz̲kirah |date=2019 |publisher=al-Falāḥ Islāmik Fāʼūnḍeshan |isbn=978-93-5351-187-6 |location=[[Mumbai]] |oclc=1233023145 |language=ur |trans-title=Shi'r–e–Faqīh: A discussion on some renowned muftis associated with Deoband and their Urdu poetry |pages=244–265|chapter=Muftī Muḥammad Yūsuf Tāʾulawī aur un kī Urdū shāʿirī|trans-chapter=Mufti Muhammad Yusuf Taulawi and His Urdu Poetry}}</ref>

=== Spiritual affiliation ===
In 1395 AH (1975 CE), Taʾulawī pledged allegiance (''bayʿah'') to his teacher [[Mahmood Hasan Gangohi]] for spiritual training (''tazkiyah wa sulūk''). He regularly corresponded with him to seek guidance and spent extended periods, including the month of Ramadan, in his company. In 1403 AH (1983 CE), he received authorization (''[[Ijazah|ijāzah]]'') and ''khilāfah'' from Gangohi, and was subsequently included among his recognized deputies (''khulafāʾ'').<ref>{{cite book|last1=Rampuri|first1=Riyasat ʻAli Qasmi|title=Faqīh al-Ummat Ḥaḍrat Aqdas Mawlānā Mufti Maḥmūd Ḥasan Gangohī aur un ke Khulafāʼ-i ʻĀlī Maqām|trans-title=Faqih al-Ummat Mufti Mahmood Hasan Gangohi and His Eminent Deputies|publisher=Maktabah al-ʻĀfiyah|location=[[Amroha]], Uttar Pradesh|date=2022|volume=1|pages=275–276|language=ur}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |url=https://www.rekhta.org/ebooks/hadhrat-mufti-mahmood-hasan-gangohi-his-life-and-works-unknown-author-ebooks#245 |title=Hadhrat Mufti Mahmood Hasan Gangohi: His Life and Works |publisher=Ta'limi Board Kzn |edition=First |location=[[Isipingo Beach]], South Africa |publication-date=February 2011 |page=237 |language=en}}</ref>

In April 2024, Bangladeshi media reported that Taʾulawī was among the senior scholars who joined Shaykh Ibrāhīm Afrīqī's Ramadan [[iʿtikāf]] and related programs in Bangladesh.<ref>{{cite news |title=শায়খ ইব্রাহিম আফ্রিকী আজ সাইনবোর্ড জামিয়াতু ইবরাহীমে ইসলাহী বয়ান করবেন |trans-title=Shaykh Ibrahim Afriki to deliver an islahi lecture today at Signboard Jamia Ibrahim |url=https://www.ourislam24.com/Dawah/article/49021/ |work=OurIslam24 |date=17 April 2024 |language=bn |access-date=8 September 2025}}</ref> Later that year, he was also listed among the scholars addressing the annual two-day ''Islāḥī Jor'' gathering at Darul Uloom Madaninagar, Dhaka.<ref>{{cite news |title=মাদানীনগর মাদরাসায় ২ দিনব্যাপী 'ইসলাহী জোড়' শুরু |trans-title=Two-day ‘Islahi Jor’ begins at Madaninagar Madrasa |url=https://www.ourislam24.com/feature/article/54055/ |work=OurIslam24 |date=15 November 2024 |language=bn |access-date=8 September 2025}}</ref>

=== Views on Palestine ===
In November 2023, Taʾulawī addressed an online conference on [[al-Quds]], where he described the protection of [[Al-Aqsa Mosque]] as a collective religious duty of Muslims and urged unity on the issue.<ref>{{cite news |title=فلسطین کا مسئلہ حرم قدسی سے جڑا ہوا ہے اور مسجد اقصیٰ کی حفاظت تمام مسلمانوں کا ملی و دینی فریضہ ہے |trans-title=The issue of Palestine is tied to al-Haram al-Qudsi, and protection of al-Aqsa Mosque is a collective and religious duty of all Muslims |url=https://www.baseeratonline.com/archives/207309 |work=Baseerat Online |date=1 December 2023 |language=ur |access-date=3 September 2025}}</ref>

== Selected works ==
Taʾulawī has authored more than two dozen works ranging from multi-volume commentaries to concise treatises. His writings cover [[fiqh]], [[kalam|theology]], [[tafsir]], [[hadith studies|hadith]], logic and grammar.{{Sfn|Rampuri|2022|pp=276–279}}{{Sfn|Subḥānī Muẓāhirī|2021|p=548}}<ref>{{cite book|last1=Mubarakpuri|first1=Muhammad ʻArif Jamil|author-link1=Arif Jameel Mubarakpuri|title=Mawsūʻat ʻUlamāʼ Dīyūband|trans-title=Encyclopaedia of Deoband Scholars|publisher=Sheikh al-Hind Academy|location=Deoband|date=2021|edition=1st|chapter=1014 – at-Taʼulawī|page=440|language=ar}}</ref>
Among his major works are:
* ''al-Fatāwā al-Yūsufiyyah'' (four-volume compendium of fatwas)<ref>{{Cite book |last=Rahmani |first=Muhammad Jafar Milli |url=https://archive.org/details/BestUrduBooks11/AHAM-MASAIL-PART-2/page/n267/mode/1up |title=al-Masāʾil al-Muhimmah fīmā Ibtalat bihi al-ʿĀmmah |publisher=[[Jamia Islamia Ishaatul Uloom]] |year=2013 |edition=3rd |location=[[Akkalkuwa]], Nandurbar |page=268 |language=ur}}</ref>{{Sfn|Mubarakpuri|2021|p=440}}{{Sfn|Subḥānī Muẓāhirī|2021|p=548}}
* ''Ashraf al-Hidāyah'' (a four-volume Urdu commentary on the fourth part of ''[[Al-Hidayah|al-Hidāyah]]'', from ''Kitāb [[Shufa (Islam)|al-Shufʿah]]'' to the end){{Sfn|Rampuri|2022|p=277}}<ref>{{Cite thesis |last=Qadir |first=Ammara |title=Maulana Jameel Ahmad Sikrodvi ki bator sharih fiqhi khidmaat ka jaeza |date=October 2021 |access-date=7 September 2025 |type=MPhil thesis |publisher=[[Government College Women University Faisalabad]] |url=https://www.islamictube.in/downloadbook/free-download-%D9%85%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7-%D8%AC%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%84-%D8%A7%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF-%D8%B3%DA%A9%D8%B1%D9%88%DA%88%DA%BE%D9%88%DB%8C-%DA%A9%DB%8C-%D8%A8%D8%B7%D9%88%D8%B1-%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AD-%D9%81%D9%82%DB%81%DB%8C-%D8%AE%D8%AF%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AA-%DA%A9%D8%A7-%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%B2%DB%81-pdf/5485 |language=ur |page=84 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250907022542/https://www.islamictube.in/downloadbook/free-download-%D9%85%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7-%D8%AC%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%84-%D8%A7%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF-%D8%B3%DA%A9%D8%B1%D9%88%DA%88%DA%BE%D9%88%DB%8C-%DA%A9%DB%8C-%D8%A8%D8%B7%D9%88%D8%B1-%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AD-%D9%81%D9%82%DB%81%DB%8C-%D8%AE%D8%AF%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AA-%DA%A9%D8%A7-%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%B2%DB%81-pdf/5485 |archive-date=7 September 2025 |trans-title=Maulana Jameel Ahmad Sikrodvi's Services as a Commentator on Fiqh |location=[[Faislabad]], Pakistan|id=2019-GCWUF-0159}}</ref>
* ''Jawāhir al-Farāʾid sharḥ Sharḥ al-ʿAqāʾid'' (detailed commentary on [[Al-Taftazani|al-Taftāzānī]]'s ''[[Sharh al-'Aqa'id al-Nasafiyya|Sharḥ al-ʿAqāʾid]]''){{Sfn|Rampuri|2022|p=276}}
* ''Badāʾiʿ al-Kalām fī Bayān ʿAqāʾid al-Islām'' (on [[Islamic creed]] and [[kalam|kalām]])<ref>{{Cite web |date=10 June 2021 |title=الاختلافات الأصليّة بين عقيدة أهل السُنة الديوبندية والفرقة الوهابية |url=https://www.alwahabiyah.com/ar/Articleview/26394/ |access-date=3 September 2025 |website=Al Wahabiyah |language=ar}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Beda'ul kelam fi beyani akaidil islam- بدائع الكلام في بيان عقائد الاسلام |url=https://arapcakitaplar.com/arapca-kitap-kategorileri/2202-beda-ul-kelam-fi-beyani-akaidil-islam-.html |access-date=2025-09-03 |website=Arapça Kitaplar |language=tr}}</ref>
* ''Taqrīrāt al-Taʾulawī ʿalā Tafsīr al-Bayḍāwī'' (Urdu commentary on [[Tafsir al-Baydawi]], popularly known as ''Dars-i Bayḍāwī''){{Sfn|Rampuri|2022|p=277}}
* ''Fayḍ al-Khabīr'' (Urdu commentary on [[Shah Waliullah Dehlawi|Shah Waliullah al-Dehlawi]]’s ''al-Fawz al-Kabīr''){{Sfn|Rampuri|2022|p=277}}
* ''al-Qawāʿid al-Fiqhiyyah al-Maḥmūdah'' (critical edition of Abū al-Kalām Shafīq al-Qāsimī's text)<ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-12-02 |title=القواعد الفقهية المحمودة (WORD) |url=http://www.alukah.net/library/0/95377/ |access-date=2025-09-06 |website=www.alukah.net |language=ar}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=al-Falāḥī |first1=ʿĪsā Aḥmad Ḥamal |last2=ʿAlī |first2=Inās ʿAbd al-Razzāq |date=September 2020 |title=Tawqīʿāt al-Khulafāʾ wa-al-Umaraʾ wa-al-Quḍāt – Dirāsah Fiqhiyyah |trans-title=Signatures of Caliphs, Princes and Judges: A Doctrinal Study |url=https://iasj.rdd.edu.iq/journals/uploads/2025/02/07/658d2cf630f0fb6b1716680eece09c3f.pdf |url-status=live |journal=Surra Man Raʾā |language=ar |location=[[Samarra]], Iraq |publisher=[[Samarra University|University of Samarra]], College of Education |volume=16 |issue=64 |page=180 |issn=1813-1735 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250908000621/https://iasj.rdd.edu.iq/journals/uploads/2025/02/07/658d2cf630f0fb6b1716680eece09c3f.pdf |archive-date=8 September 2025 |access-date=7 September 2025 |via=Iraqi Academic Scientific Journals}}</ref>
* ''Ḥāshiya ʿalā Fatāwā Rashīdiyyah'' (marginal notes on ''[[Fatawa-e-Rashidiya|Fatāwā Rashīdiyyah]]'' of [[Rashid Ahmad Gangohi]])<ref>{{cite book |editor-last=Kandhlavi|editor-first=Noorul Hasan Rashid |last=Gangohi|first=Rashid Ahmad|author-link=Rashid Ahmad Gangohi|title=Baqiyāt-e-Fatāwā Rashīdiyyah |trans-title=Remaining Fatwas of Rashid Ahmad Gangohi|url=https://archive.org/details/baqiyat-fatawa-rashidiyyah/page/n149/mode/1up |language=ur|location=[[Kandhla]]|publisher=Mufti Elahi Bakhsh Academy |date=March 2012 |edition=1st |page=149}}</ref>

In addition, he produced works such as ''Ighnāʾ al-Ḥizb ʿan Masʾalat Imkān al-Kidhb'', ''al-Kalām al-Munazzam fī Tawḍīḥ mā fī al-Sullam'', ''Dars al-Sirājī'', ''Dars [[Al-Aqida al-Tahawiyya|ʿAqīdat al-Ṭaḥāwī]]'', ''Dars-e-Ḥusāmī'', and partial commentaries on ''[[Tafsir al-Jalalayn]]'', ''[[Muwatta’ Imam Malik]]'' and ''[[Sunan al-Nasa'i]]''. He also wrote treatises such as ''Tanqīḥ al-Afkār fī Taḥqīq Isbāl al-Izār'', ''Dalāʾil al-Nubuwwah'' (on [[Mahmood Hasan Gangohi]]’s ''Guldasta-yi Salām''), ''Uṣūl al-Taʿbīr'' (principles of [[dream interpretation]]), and annotations on [[Al-Sharif al-Jurjani|al-Jurjānī]]'s ''[[Jurjani Definitions|al-Taʿrīfāt]]'' and al-Ḥamawī's ''Ghamz ʿUyūn al-Baṣāʾir''.{{Sfn|Rampuri|2022|pp=276–279}}{{Sfn|Mubarakpuri|2021|p=440}}{{Sfn|Subḥānī Muẓāhirī|2021|p=548}}

==Notes==
{{Notelist}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Taulawi, Muhammad Yusuf}}
[[Category:1954 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:People from Muzaffarnagar district]]
[[Category:Indian Sunni Muslim scholars of Islam]]
[[Category:Deobandis]]
[[Category:Darul Uloom Deoband alumni]]
[[Category:Academic staff of Darul Uloom Deoband]]
[[Category:Indian Islamic religious leaders]]
[[Category:Urdu-language Indian poets]]
[[Category:Urdu-language Indian writers]]
[[Category:Hanafi fiqh scholars]]

Ghanshyam Tiwari (politician, born 1947)

2026-03-31T13:18:11Z

Vivek.Dantkale:

{{Short description|Indian politician (born 1947)}}
{{About||the Samajwadi Party spokesperson|Ghanshyam Tiwari (politician, born 1979)}}
{{No footnotes|date=May 2021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2018}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Ghanshyam Tiwari
| image = Ghanshyam Tiwari.jpg
| caption =
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1947|12|19|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Sikar]], [[Rajputana Agency]]
| office1 = [[Member of Parliament, Rajya Sabha]]
| constituency1= [[List of Rajya Sabha members from Rajasthan|Rajasthan]]
| term_start1 = July 2022
| office2 = [[First Raje ministry|Rajasthan Minister of Food & Civil Supplies, Law & Justice]]
| term_start2 = 2007
| term_end2 = 2008
| office3 = [[First Raje ministry|Rajasthan Minister of Education, Parliamentary Affairs]]
| term_start3 = 2003
| term_end3 = 2007
| office4 = [[Rajasthan Legislative Assembly|Member of the Rajasthan Legislative Assembly]]
| term_start4 = 1980
| term_end4 = 1990
| constituency4 = [[Sikar Assembly constituency|Sikar]]
| predecessor4 = Ranmal Singh
| successor4 = [[Rajendra Pareek]]
| term_start5 = 1993
| term_end5 = 1998
| constituency5 = [[Chomu Assembly constituency|Chomu]]
| predecessor5 = Rameshwar Dayal Yadav
| successor5 = Bhagwan Sahai Saini
| term_start6 = 2003
| term_end6 = 2018
| constituency6 = [[Sanganer Assembly constituency|Sanganer]]
| predecessor6 = Indira Mayaram
| successor6 = [[Ashok Lahoty]]
| spouse = Pushpa Tiwari
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (since 2020; 1980–2018)
| other_party = Bharat Vahini Party (2018–2020) [[Janata Party]] (1975–1980)
| website =
}}

'''Ghanshyam Tiwari''' (born 19 December 1947) is an Indian politician who has served as the [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|MLA]] of the Sanganer constituency, located in Rajasthan between 2013 and 2018. He is a member of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]. 6 time MLA Tiwari has been winning for the last three consecutive elections from the same constituency.

== Minister Of Power ==
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="4" |In office - 2 July 1998 - 30 November 1998
|-
| colspan="4" |Chief minister - Bhairo Singh Shekhawat
|}

== Minister of Education, Minister of Parliamentary Affairs ==
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="4" |December, 2003 - December 2007
|-
| colspan="4" |Chief Minister - Vasundhara Raje
|}

== Minister of Food & Civil Supplies, Minister of Law & Justice ==
{| class="wikitable"
!December 2007 - 2008
|-
|Chief Minister - Vasundhara Raje
|}

== Position in BJP ==
{| class="wikitable"
!District President
!Sikar
!1981
|-
|General Secretary
|Rajasthan
|1991
|-
|president, BJP
|Rajasthan
|1985 to 2003
|-
|Member, BJP National Council
|
|1992 to 1994
|-
|Spokesperson, BJP
|Rajasthan
|1992 to 1994
|-
|Member, Election Committee,
|Rajasthan
|1992 to 1994
|-
|Member, National Administrative, BJP
|
|2002 to Present
|-
|President, Election Manifesto, 2008 elections, Rajasthan
|
|
|}
[[File:Ghanshyam Tiwari is With Late Shri. Bhairo Singh Shekhawat Ji.jpg|thumb|Tiwari with [[Bhairon Singh Shekhawat]]]]

== Early life and education ==
Ghanshyam Tiwari was born on 19 December 1947 in Sikar Rajasthan. While pursuing the bachelor's degree from Sri Kalyan Sanskrit College, Sikar, he was given the position of general secretary in the Students' Union of the college. After graduating from the Sanskrit college, he came to Jaipur for his L.L.B. In these years he was a member of the University Apex Body. He was also the organizer and Vice President of ABVP.{{citation needed|date=April 2025}}

== Political career ==
During the emergency in 1975, Tiwari became a full-fledged politician. He battled the dominating policies of the government. Due to his fight against the central government, Tiwari was imprisoned and tortured. Then some national level activists like Jayaprakash Narayan and Atal Bihari Vajpayee started a movement against the government in defense of Tiwari.{{citation needed|date=April 2025}}

Tiwari contested in Rajasthan assembly elections of 1980 from Sikar constituency and won. He was twice consecutively re-elected as MLA, 1980–85 and 1985–89.

== Role in BJP ==
Tiwari was a member of the Janata Party. Due to internal conflicts, some members separated from the Janata Party and created the Bharatiya Janata Party on April 6, 1980. Tiwari was one of the founders of the BJP in Rajasthan. {{citation needed|date=April 2025}}

== Achievements as minister ==
Tiwari has served as the minister of various departments in the cabinet of Rajasthan government. He was the Power Minister in the Government of Bhairo Singh Shekhawat during July 1998 to November 1998. After a few years, he was given multiple departments in Vasundhara Raje's government. Tiwari was heading primary and secondary education department, law and Justice Department, Parliamentary Affairs Department simultaneously from 2003 to 2007. Tiwari made new policies in the department related to transfer and placements. He distributed free textbooks to students. There were more than 1.5 Lakh teachers appointed during his term.{{citation needed|date=April 2025}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
*{{commonscatinline}}
*[https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/ghanshyam-tiwari-resigns-from-bjp/article24256430.ece Tiwari resigns from BJP]
*[https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/rebel-bjp-mla-ghanshyam-tiwari-protests-against-raje-s-occupation-of-government-bungalow-1230929-2018-05-10 Rebel BJP MLA Ghanshyam Tiwari protests against Raje's occupation of government bungalow]
*[https://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/rajasthan-rebel-mla-ghanshyam-tiwari-writes-to-amit-shah-says-sack-raje-in-public-interest/1124247/ Rajasthan rebel MLA Ghanshyam Tiwari writes to Amit Shah, says ‘Sack Raje in public interest’]
*[https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/rebel-bjp-mla-ghanshyam-tiwari-son-float-new-party-to-contest-rajasthan-election/story-z2uk39GOoGnHv4lEdeQg2L.html Rebel BJP MLA Ghanshyam Tiwari, son float new party to contest Rajasthan election]
*[https://www.dnaindia.com/jaipur/report-ghanshyam-tiwari-takes-on-govt-over-ebc-quota-issue-2667505 Ghanshyam Tiwari takes on govt over EBC quota issue]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Tiwari, Ghanshyam}}
[[Category:Rajasthan MLAs 2013–2018]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1947 births]]
[[Category:People from Sikar]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Rajasthan]]
[[Category:State cabinet ministers of Rajasthan]]
[[Category:Rajasthan MLAs 1980–1985]]
[[Category:Rajasthan MLAs 1985–1990]]
[[Category:Rajasthan MLAs 1993–1998]]
[[Category:Rajasthan MLAs 2003–2008]]
[[Category:Rajasthan MLAs 2008–2013]]
[[Category:Janata Party politicians]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Jana Sangh politicians]]

Antony (2023 film)

2026-03-30T18:54:04Z

Vivek.Dantkale:

{{Short description|2023 Malayalam-language film by Joshiy}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2023}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Antony
| image = Antony poster.jpeg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[Joshiy]]
| writer = Rajesh Varma
| producer = Einstin Zac Paul
| starring = {{Plainlist|
* [[Joju George]]
* [[Kalyani Priyadarshan]]
* [[Chemban Vinod Jose]]
* [[Nyla Usha]]
}}
| cinematography = [[Renadive]]
| editing = Shyam Sasidharan
| music = [[Jakes Bejoy]]
| studio = {{Plainlist|
* Einstin Media
* Nextel Studios
* Ultra Media & Entertainment
}}
| distributor = {{Plainlist|
* Dream Big Films
}}
| released = {{Film date|2023|12|01|df=y}}
| runtime = 146 minutes
| country = India
| language = Malayalam
| budget = 
| gross = 
}}

'''''Antony''''' is a 2023 Indian [[Malayalam]]-language [[action drama film]] directed by [[Joshiy]] and written by Rajesh Varma.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-10-19 |title=Director Joshiy And Joju George Reunite For Antony As Makers Drop The Film's Teaser |url=https://www.news18.com/movies/director-joshiy-and-joju-george-reunite-for-antony-as-makers-drop-the-films-teaser-8625203.html |access-date=2023-10-21 |website=News18 |language=en |archive-date=21 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231021000208/https://www.news18.com/movies/director-joshiy-and-joju-george-reunite-for-antony-as-makers-drop-the-films-teaser-8625203.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The film stars [[Joju George]] in the title role, alongside [[Kalyani Priyadarshan]], [[Chemban Vinod Jose]], [[Nyla Usha]], [[Asha Sharath]], [[Appani Sarath]], and [[Vijayaraghavan]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |date=2023-05-05 |title=Joshiy-Joju George film 'Antony' goes on floors |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/joshiy-joju-george-film-antony-goes-on-floors/articleshow/100017188.cms |access-date=2023-10-21 |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=15 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230515212715/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/joshiy-joju-george-film-antony-goes-on-floors/articleshow/100017188.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>

The film was officially announced in April 2023 and [[principal photography]] commenced in May 2023 in Vellikulam. The filming [[Wrap (filmmaking)|wrapped]] up in August 2023. The music was composed by [[Jakes Bejoy]], while the cinematography and editing were handled by [[Renadive]] and Shyam Sasidharan. Antony was released on 1 December 2023.

== Plot ==
Antony Anthrapper is a ruthless gangster who accidentally kills a local goon named Xavier and becomes the guardian of Xavier's daughter, Ann Maria, an aggressive college student trained in [[Mixed martial arts|MMA]]. Antony and Maria's presence in each other's lives reforms their violent ways until a forgotten foe named Tarzan arrives to finish them. Antony and Maria set out to overcome the threat using violent ways to lead a peaceful life.

== Cast ==
{{Cast listing|
* [[Joju George]] as Antony Anthrapper<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-07-10 |title='Antony': First look of Joju George's film with Joshiy out |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/antony-first-look-of-joju-georges-film-with-joshiy-out/article67063578.ece |access-date=2023-10-21 |issn=0971-751X |archive-date=23 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231023101937/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/antony-first-look-of-joju-georges-film-with-joshiy-out/article67063578.ece |url-status=live }}</ref>
** Amal Shah as Young Antony
* [[Kalyani Priyadarshan]] as Ann Maria, Antony's adopted daughter
* [[Nyla Usha]] as Maya
* [[Asha Sharath]] as Jessy, Ann's mother
* [[Chemban Vinod Jose]] as Fr. Paul Kattakayam
* [[Vijayaraghavan]] as Avaran, Antony's adopted father
* [[Hariprashanth M G]] as Tarzan, Vedakku Xavier's younger brother
* [[Giju John]] as James
* [[Jinu Joseph]] as Lawrence
* [[Appani Sarath]] as Keecheri Simon, Lawrence's henchman
* [[Binu Pappu]] as Chacko Anthrapper, Antony's father
* [[Sijoy Varghese]] as College Principal John Fernandez
* [[Jewel Mary]] as Priyamvadha / Priya<ref>{{Cite web |title=Antony teaser has both Joju George and Kalyani Priyadarshan flexing muscles |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/malayalam/news/2023/oct/18/antony-teaser-has-both-joju-george-and-kalyani-priyadarshan-flexing-muscles-48739.html |access-date=2023-11-25 |website=[[Cinema Express]] |date=18 October 2023 |language=en |archive-date=25 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231125103142/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/malayalam/news/2023/oct/18/antony-teaser-has-both-joju-george-and-kalyani-priyadarshan-flexing-muscles-48739.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
* [[Tini Tom]] as Vedakku Xavier
* [[RJ Shaan]] as Ratheesh
* [[Padmaraj Ratheesh]] as Johnnykutty
* [[Rajesh Sharma (Malayalam actor)|Rajesh Sharma]] as Manoj
* [[Sudheer Karamana]] as Kandankeri Narayanan
* [[Srikant Murali]] as [[Circle Inspector|CI]] Pramod
* [[Assim Jamal]] as [[Sub-inspector|SI]] Martin
* Kottayam Ramesh as Adv. Madhavan
* [[Mohan Raman]] as Adv. Dhandapani
}}

== Production ==

=== Development ===
The film marks the second collaboration between [[Joju George]] and [[Joshiy]] after ''[[Porinju Mariam Jose]]'' (2019).<ref>{{Cite web |last=Devasankar |first=S. |date=9 October 2023 |title=Joshiy's Antony: Joju George, Kalyani Priyadarshan starrer teaser to be unveiled with Thalapathy Vijay's Leo |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/joshiys-antony-joju-george-kalyani-priyadarshan-starrer-teaser-to-be-unveiled-with-thalapathy-vijays-leo-1249547 |access-date=23 October 2023 |website=PINKVILLA |language=en |archive-date=16 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231016160451/https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/joshiys-antony-joju-george-kalyani-priyadarshan-starrer-teaser-to-be-unveiled-with-thalapathy-vijays-leo-1249547 |url-status=live }}</ref> From the ''Porinju Mariam Jose'' team, Joshiy also retained [[Nyla Usha]], [[Chemban Vinod Jose]], and [[Vijayaraghavan]]. [[Kalyani Priyadarshan]] was signed to play the role of a [[Professional boxing|professional boxer]] in the film.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=15 April 2023 |title=Antony actress Kalyani Priyadarshan says the film will test her versatility as an actor |url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/antony-actress-kalyani-priyadarshan-says-the-film-will-test-her-versatility-as-an-actor/1970d106ad43 |access-date=23 October 2023 |website=OTTPlay |language=en |archive-date=19 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230419083156/https://www.ottplay.com/news/antony-actress-kalyani-priyadarshan-says-the-film-will-test-her-versatility-as-an-actor/1970d106ad43 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite web |date=7 July 2023 |title=Joshiy-Joju George's Antony first look to be out on this date |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/malayalam/news/2023/jul/07/joshiy-joju-georges-antony-first-look-to-be-out-on-this-date-45389.html |access-date=23 October 2023 |website=[[Cinema Express]] |language=en |archive-date=8 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230708141345/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/malayalam/news/2023/jul/07/joshiy-joju-georges-antony-first-look-to-be-out-on-this-date-45389.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The story and screenplay are written by Rajesh Varma who previously worked in ''[[Upacharapoorvam Gunda Jayan]]'' (2022) and ''[[Life of Josutty]]'' (2015).<ref name=":2" /> Einstin Zac Paul produced the film under his banner Einstin Media.<ref>{{Cite news |date=14 April 2023 |title=Joju George's next with filmmaker Joshiy titled 'Antony' |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/joju-georges-next-with-filmmaker-joshiy-titled-antony/article66737088.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231023101933/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/joju-georges-next-with-filmmaker-joshiy-titled-antony/article66737088.ece |archive-date=23 October 2023 |access-date=23 October 2023 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> The film's title launch and pooja were held at [[Crowne Plaza]] hotel in [[Kochi]] on 14 April 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |last=R. |first=Chandhini |date=14 April 2023 |title=Joshiy-Joju George's next titled Antony |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/malayalam/news/2023/apr/14/joshiy-joju-georgesnext-titled-antony-42318.html |access-date=23 October 2023 |website=[[Cinema Express]] |language=en |archive-date=15 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230415102149/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/malayalam/news/2023/apr/14/joshiy-joju-georgesnext-titled-antony-42318.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=5 May 2023 |title='പൊറിഞ്ചു'വിനു ശേഷം വീണ്ടും ജോഷി- ജോജു ജോര്‍ജ്; 'ആന്‍റണി' തുടങ്ങി |url=https://www.asianetnews.com/entertainment-news/antony-malayalam-movie-starts-rolling-joshiy-joju-george-chemban-vinod-nyla-usha-nsn-ru69lo |access-date=23 October 2023 |website=Asianet News Network Pvt Ltd |language=ml |archive-date=24 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231024093406/https://www.asianetnews.com/entertainment-news/antony-malayalam-movie-starts-rolling-joshiy-joju-george-chemban-vinod-nyla-usha-nsn-ru69lo |url-status=live }}</ref>

=== Filming ===
[[Principal photography]] began on 5 May 2023 with a pooja ceremony.<ref name=":0" /> Vellikulam, [[Vagamon]] and parts of [[Tamil Nadu]] were the main shooting locations.<ref>{{Cite web |date=9 June 2023 |title=Antony: Check out the first look of the Joju Geroge-Joshiy film |url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/antony-check-out-the-first-look-of-the-joju-geroge-joshiy-film/df4ed15d29126 |access-date=23 October 2023 |website=OTTPlay |language=en |archive-date=15 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231015171959/https://www.ottplay.com/news/antony-check-out-the-first-look-of-the-joju-geroge-joshiy-film/df4ed15d29126 |url-status=live }}</ref> The filming [[Wrap (filmmaking)|wrapped]] up on 27 August 2023 in [[Erattupetta]] after a 70-day shoot.<ref>{{Cite web |date=27 August 2023 |title=ജോഷിയും ജോജുവും വീണ്ടും, 'ആന്റണി'യുടെ ചിത്രീകരണം പൂർത്തിയായി |url=https://www.mathrubhumi.com/movies-music/news/antony-malayalam-movie-shooting-completed-joshiy-and-joju-george-1.8856793 |access-date=23 October 2023 |website=Mathrubhumi |language=ml |archive-date=5 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230905035109/https://www.mathrubhumi.com/movies-music/news/antony-malayalam-movie-shooting-completed-joshiy-and-joju-george-1.8856793 |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Music ==
The music was composed by [[Jakes Bejoy]] and the audio rights were acquired by [[Saregama]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite news |date=18 October 2023 |title='Antony' teaser: Joju George and Kalyani Priyadarshan dazzle in the Joshiy directorial |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/antony-teaser-joju-george-and-kalyani-priyadarshan-dazzle-in-the-joshiy-directorial/articleshow/104530893.cms |access-date=23 October 2023 |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=21 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231021212238/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/antony-teaser-joju-george-and-kalyani-priyadarshan-dazzle-in-the-joshiy-directorial/articleshow/104530893.cms |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite web |last=ലേഖകൻ |first=മനോരമ |date=25 November 2023 |title=ജോഷി-ജോജു ടീമിന്റെ 'ആന്റണി' ഡിസംബർ 1 മുതൽ തിയറ്ററുകളിൽ |url=https://www.manoramaonline.com/movies/movie-news/2023/11/25/antony-movie-release-on-december-1st.html |access-date= |website=Manorama Online |language=ml |archive-date=25 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231125070414/https://www.manoramaonline.com/movies/movie-news/2023/11/25/antony-movie-release-on-december-1st.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Release ==

=== Theatrical ===
''Antony'' was theatrically released on 1 December 2023 in Malayalam.<ref>{{Cite web |date=17 October 2023 |title=Teaser of Joju George's Antony to be out tomorrow |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/malayalam/news/2023/oct/17/teaser-of-joju-georges-antony-to-be-out-tomorrow-48707.html |access-date=23 October 2023 |website=[[Cinema Express]] |language=en |archive-date=24 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231024093407/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/malayalam/news/2023/oct/17/teaser-of-joju-georges-antony-to-be-out-tomorrow-48707.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=30 August 2023 |title=Joshiy's 'Antony' completed |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/malayalam/2023/aug/30/joshiys-antony-completed-2609514.html |access-date=23 October 2023 |website=The New Indian Express |archive-date=24 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231024093407/https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/malayalam/2023/aug/30/joshiys-antony-completed-2609514.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The theatrical distribution rights were acquired by Dream Big Films.<ref name=":3" />

=== Home media ===
The film was digitally streamed on [[Amazon Prime Video]]. It is also available in [[Hindi]] & [[Marathi language]] dubbed versions currently streaming on [[Ultra Media & Entertainment|Ultra Play]] & [[Ultra Media & Entertainment|Ultra Jhakaas]] app respectively.

== Reception ==
=== Critical response ===
Anjana George of ''[[The Times of India]]'' gave 3.5 out of 5 stars and wrote, "''Antony'' is a soulful Malayalam movie, resonating with the charm of yesteryear cinema. The characters evoke emotions with depth and nuances, crafting a gripping story. It transcends a mere bloodshedding drama, portraying a tale of love, redemption, and the sense of belonging."<ref>{{Cite news |last=George |first=Anjana |date=2 December 2023 |title=Antony Movie Review : Soulful, with touches of yesteryear charm |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movie-reviews/antony/movie-review/105668835.cms?from=mdr#google_vignette |issn=0971-8257 |access-date=2 December 2023 |archive-date=2 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231202062837/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movie-reviews/antony/movie-review/105668835.cms?from=mdr#google_vignette |url-status=live }}</ref> Sanjith Sridharan of ''[[OTTPlay]]'' gave 3 out of 5 stars and wrote, "''Antony'' follows the typical Joshiy-film template, but that's not necessarily a bad thing. It has enough fresh elements to keep the audience hooked to the relationship between Antony and Ann Maria, even when the rest is predictable."<ref>{{cite web |last=Sridharan |first=Sanjith |date=1 December 2023 |title=Antony movie review: Joju George, Kalyani Priyadarshan flex their muscles in typical Joshiy film |url=https://www.ottplay.com/review/antony-movie-review-joju-george-kalyani-priyadarshan-flex-their-muscles-in-typical-joshiy-film/a0a375399f600 |website=OTTPlay |language=en}}</ref>

Anandu Suresh of ''[[The Indian Express]]'' gave 2 out of 5 stars and wrote, "Despite having a plot that is bound to captivate Malayali audiences, Joshiy's film, starring Joju George and Kalyani Priyadarshan in the lead roles, falls flat due to sloppy writing."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Suresh |first=Anandu |date=1 December 2023 |title=Antony movie review: Joju George, Kalyani Priyadarshan film is let down by sloppy writing |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/antony-movie-review-joju-george-kalyani-priyadarshan-film-is-let-down-by-sloppy-writing-9049488/ |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> Sajin Shrijith of ''[[The New Indian Express]]'' gave 1.5 out of 5 stars and wrote, "One can't dismiss a few satisfyingly cathartic situations where Joju and Kalyani use their fists to teach some lessons to a few distasteful characters. But, again, when the rest of the material is so tiringly predictable, what's the point?"<ref>{{Cite web |last=Shrijith |first=Sajin |date=2 December 2023 |title='Antony' movie review: Overfamiliarity breeds fatigue |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/review/2023/dec/02/antony-movie-review-overfamiliarity-breeds-fatigue-2637870.html |website=The New Indian Express |access-date=2 December 2023 |archive-date=2 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231202062835/https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/review/2023/dec/02/antony-movie-review-overfamiliarity-breeds-fatigue-2637870.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

Princy Alexander of ''[[Onmanorama]]'' wrote, "''Antony'' following the stereotype of a broken boy turning goon is one of the drawbacks of this Joshiy directorial, though the makers have tried to add a whiff of freshness by including an unusual relationship in the picture."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Alexander |first=Princy |date=1 December 2023 |title=Antony Review: Joju George, Kalyani Priyadarshan share good chemistry in Joshiy's hazy, action drama |url=https://www.onmanorama.com/entertainment/movie-reviews/2023/12/01/joshiy-antony-movie-review-nyla-usha-joju-george-kalyani-priyadarshan.html |website=Onmanorama}}</ref> Shilpa Nair Anand of ''[[The Hindu]]'' wrote, "''Antony'' is a typical Joshiy film; there is action, plenty of it, and emotions spread over two hours and twenty-odd minutes. But there are also points when it feels longer."<ref>{{Cite news |last=Anand |first=Shilpa Nair |date=1 December 2023 |title='Antony' movie review: A template Joshiy film that's pacy and offers value for money |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/antony-movie-review-a-template-joshiy-film-thats-pacy-and-offers-value-for-money/article67594033.ece |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title}}
* {{Rotten Tomatoes}}
* ''[https://www.ultraplay.in/movie/antony/uwjkzbymiqfx Antony (Hindi)]'' at [[Ultra Media & Entertainment|Ultra Play OTT]]
* ''[https://www.ultrajhakaas.com/movie/antony/wskigmfufey5 Antony (Marathi)]'' at [[Ultra Media & Entertainment|Ultra Jhakaas]]

[[Category:2023 films]]
[[Category:2023 Malayalam-language films]]
[[Category:Indian action drama films]]
[[Category:Films scored by Jakes Bejoy]]
[[Category:Films directed by Joshiy]]
[[Category:Films shot in Kottayam]]
[[Category:Films shot in Vagamon]]
[[Category:Indian martial arts films]]
[[Category:2023 martial arts films]]

Gaturro: The Movie

2026-03-30T05:26:31Z

Vivek.Dantkale:

{{Infobox film
| name = Gaturro: The Movie
| image = Gaturro, The Movie poster.jpeg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[:es:Gustavo Cova|Gustavo Cova]]
| producer = Fernando de Fuentes S. José C. García de Letona P. Jayakumar José Luis Massa
| screenplay = Hernán Dzwonik Esteban Garrido Adriana Lorenzón Mariano Podesta Belén Wedeltoft Valeria Gómez
| based_on = ''[[Gaturro]]'' by [[Cristian Dzwonik|Nik]]
| starring = Mariano Chiesa Agustina Gonzalez Cirulnik Agustina Crulink Pablo Gandolfo Leto Dugakin Gustado Dardés Ándres Sala Rigler Mimicha René Sagastume Gustavo Bonfigli Lucila Gómez Mara Campanelli
| editing = Andrés Fernández
| music = Eduardo Frigerio Lolo Micucci Federico San Millán
| studio = Toonz Entertainment [[Illusion Studios]] [[Ánima Estudios]] [[Voltage Pictures]]
| distributor = Distribution Company S.A.
| released = {{Film date|2010|9|9}}
| runtime = 87 minutes<ref>{{Cite web |date=December 1, 2022 |title=''Krazy Kat'' (U) |url=https://www.bbfc.co.uk/release/krazy-kat-q29sbgvjdglvbjpwwc0xmda5ntay |access-date=March 29, 2026 |website=[[British Board of Film Classification]] |language=en}}</ref>
| country = Argentina India Mexico
| language = Spanish English
| budget = $3.5 million<ref>{{cite news|last=Bhushan|first=Nyay|title=Toonz ties with Illusion for 'Gaturro'|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/toonz-ties-illusion-gaturro-84406|access-date=29 March 2014|newspaper=The Hollywood Reporter|date=21 May 2009}}</ref>
| gross = AR$8.3 million (US$2.4 million)<ref name="box-office-argentina-feb-2011">{{cite web|title=Argentina Box Office, February 3-6, 2011 (check "Gross-to-Date")|url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/intl/argentina/?yr=2011&wk=5&currency=local&p=.htm|website=Box Office Mojo|publisher=Amazon.com|access-date=1 March 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Gaturro, la pelicula (2010)|url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/intl/?page=&country=00&id=_fGATURROLAPELICU01|work=Box Office Mojo|publisher=Amazon.com|access-date=31 May 2013|archive-date=5 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305205957/http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/intl/?page=&country=00&id=_fGATURROLAPELICU01|url-status=live}}</ref>
}}
'''''Gaturro: The Movie''''' (''Gaturro'') is a 2010 animated comedy film based on the popular [[Argentina|Argentine]] [[comic book]] [[Gaturro|of the same name]] created by [[Hernán Dzwonik]]. The film is produced by [[Illusion Studios]], Toonz Animation, and co-produced by [[Mexico]]'s [[Ánima Estudios]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.technoparktoday.com/toonz-making-final-touches-for-gaturro/ |title=Toonz making final touches for 'Gaturro' 3D animation Movie |publisher=Technopark Today |date= |access-date=2012-05-05 |archive-date=2012-03-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120318012942/http://www.technoparktoday.com/toonz-making-final-touches-for-gaturro/ |url-status=live }}</ref> This film is the first [[India]]n-[[Latin America]]n animated co-production.<ref name="calcuttatube">{{cite web |url=http://calcuttatube.com/gaturro-first-indo-latin-american-animation-film-tops-argentina-box-office/120119/ |title=Gaturro-First Indo-Latin American animation film tops Argentina box-office |publisher=Calcutta Tube |date=2010-09-21 |access-date=2012-05-05 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101026041456/http://calcuttatube.com/gaturro-first-indo-latin-american-animation-film-tops-argentina-box-office/120119/ |archive-date=2010-10-26 }}</ref>

It was released in theaters on September 9, 2010, in [[Argentina]], where it was a major critical and commercial success, grossing a total of $8.3 million [[Argentine peso|pesos]] (est. $0.4 million).<ref name="box-office-argentina-feb-2011"/>

The film was later released in [[Mexico]] on April 27, 2012, and became a huge [[box-office bomb|box-office disappointment]].<ref name="yahoomoviesmx">{{cite news|title=Llega "Gaturro. La película" a salas de cine de la Ciudad de México|url=http://es-us.mujer.yahoo.com/llega-gaturro-pel%C3%ADcula-salas-cine-ciudad-m%C3%A9xico-013400426.html|access-date=18 March 2014|date=27 April 2012|archive-date=19 March 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140319013249/http://es-us.mujer.yahoo.com/llega-gaturro-pel%C3%ADcula-salas-cine-ciudad-m%C3%A9xico-013400426.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>

The film was released [[direct-to-video]] in the [[United States]], distributed by Viva Pictures, on February 16, 2016.<ref name=awn-aviators>{{cite news|last1=Wolfe|first1=Jennifer|title=Imira Entertainment's 'The Aviators' Flies to North America|url=http://www.awn.com/news/imira-entertainment-s-aviators-flies-north-america|access-date=17 April 2015|work=Animation World Network|publisher=Animation World Network|date=16 April 2015|archive-date=24 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924040812/http://www.awn.com/news/imira-entertainment-s-aviators-flies-north-america|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Synopsis==
Gaturro, an anthropomorphic cat, tries multiple attempts to win the affection of Agatha, the most unpleasant cat in Gaturro's neighborhood, who falls in love with an aristocratic cat called Max. But when Gaturro accidentally becomes famous, he and a mouse called Rat Pitt devise a plan to prevent Agatha marrying Max.

==Voice cast==

;Spanish cast
* Mariano Chiesa as [[Gaturro]]
* Agustina Cirulnik as Agatha
* Pablo Gandolfo as Rat Pit
* Leto Dugatkin as Max
* Valeria Gómez as Katy Kit
* Gustavo Dardés as Federico Michou
* Ándres Sala Rigler as Mimicha
* René Sagastume as Alplato
* Gustavo Bonfigli as Daniel
* Lucila Gómez as Luz
* Mara Campanelli as Agustín

;English cast 
* Todd Doldersum as Gaturro / Daniel / Announcer
* Caitlin O'Reilly as Agatha / Valeria / Luz / Informetti / Gatalina Jolie
* [[Marty Stelnick]] as Max / Rat Pit / Gatulongo / Alplato / Robot
* Victoria Shepherd as Katy Kit / Mimicha / Stylist

The English-language version was found in the special features in the Argentine and Mexican DVD releases.

==Cultural references==
This film makes a number of references to popular Hollywood figures and movies.<ref name="yahoomoviesmx"/>

==Production==
The character designs and post-production services were done by [[Toonz India Ltd]] based in [[Trivandrum]], [[India]], while the majority of the animation was done by [[Illusion Studios]] in [[Argentina]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Toonz Animation woos global audience|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-kerala/toonz-animation-woos-global-audience/article593064.ece|access-date=29 March 2014|newspaper=The Hindu|date=21 August 2010|archive-date=29 March 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140329221030/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-kerala/toonz-animation-woos-global-audience/article593064.ece|url-status=live}}</ref> The film's special effects and backgrounds were done by [[Ánima Estudios]] in [[Mexico]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.informador.com.mx/entretenimiento/2009/165961/6/mexicanos-dibujaran-a-gaturro.htm|title=Mexicanos dibujarán a ''Gaturro''|date=28 December 2009|publisher=Informador|language=Spanish|access-date=21 January 2010|archive-date=25 February 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120225082246/http://www.informador.com.mx/entretenimiento/2009/165961/6/mexicanos-dibujaran-a-gaturro.htm|url-status=live}}</ref>

An animator who worked in 2008 on the film criticized the film for having a "bad script" with many spelling mistakes.<ref name="Gaturro_2">{{cite news |date=9 September 2010 |title=''Gaturro, avance técnico, retroceso narrativo'' |language=Spanish |publisher=Otros Cines |url=https://www.otroscines.com/nota?idnota=4612 |access-date=11 August 2020 |archive-date=25 January 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200125105304/http://www.otroscines.com/nota?idnota=4612 |url-status=live }}</ref> He confirmed that there was no script for the movie then and the animators had to work out the details using only a script outline. He added however that the film was "visually correct" for kids.

==Release==
This film was released in 2D and 3D in [[Argentina]] on September 9, 2010. Santo Domingo Films released the film in [[Mexico]] on April 27, 2012.<ref name="yahoomoviesmx"/>

===Box office===
It became a box office success in [[Argentina]], opening #1 at the domestic box-office, grossing $2,268,283 pesos (US$460,098). It held the record as one of the biggest box-office openings in the Argentinian cinema history <ref name="calcuttatube"/> The film grossed a total of $10,342,696 [[Argentine peso|pesos]] ($2,097,910 [[USD]]).<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://boxofficemojo.com/movies/intl/?id=_fGATURROLAPELICU01&country=AR&wk=2010W37&id=_fGATURROLAPELICU01&p=.htm |title=GATURRO, LA PELICULA |access-date=2020-04-28 |archive-date=2016-08-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160806013220/http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/intl/?id=_fGATURROLAPELICU01&country=AR&wk=2010W37&id=_fGATURROLAPELICU01&p=.htm |url-status=live }}</ref>

On 16 April 2015, [[Animation World Network]] has announced that Viva Pictures has picked up the distribution rights for a [[United States]] release.<ref name=awn-aviators/> Victor Elizalde, president of Viva Pictures said, "The landscape for quality animated content is changing quickly and Imira is in leading the way by using globally recognized brands like ''[[Speed Racer]]'' and ''[[Gaturro]]'' along with visually stimulating animation."<ref name=awn-aviators/>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|1442556|Gaturro (2010)}}

{{Ánima Estudios}}
{{Illusion Studios}}

[[Category:2010 films]]
[[Category:2010 3D films]]
[[Category:2010 comedy films]]
[[Category:2010 computer-animated films]]
[[Category:Argentine comedy films]]
[[Category:Mexican comedy films]]
[[Category:Indian comedy films]]
[[Category:Animated films based on comics]]
[[Category:Films based on Argentine comics]]
[[Category:Argentine animated feature films]]
[[Category:Mexican animated feature films]]
[[Category:Indian animated feature films]]
[[Category:Ánima Estudios films]]
[[Category:2010 Spanish-language films]]
[[Category:3D animated films]]
[[Category:2010 Mexican films]]
[[Category:2010 Argentine films]]
[[Category:2010 Indian films]]

Gairsain

2026-03-29T09:00:13Z

Vivek.Dantkale:

{{short description|Town in Uttarakhand, India}}
{{about|a town in Chamoli district near summer capital of Uttarakhand|summer capital of Uttarakhand|Bhararisain}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2017}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Gairsain
| settlement_type = Town
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| nickname =
| image_skyline = A view of Gairsain.jpg
| image_alt =
| image_caption = Gairsain Town
| pushpin_map = India Uttarakhand#India
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Uttarakhand, India
| pushpin_relief = yes
| coordinates = {{coord|30.0725|N|79.2856|E|type:city_region:IN-UT|display=it}}
| subdivision_type = [[Country]]
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = {{flagicon image|Flag of Uttarakhand.svg}} [[Uttarakhand]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of Uttarakhand|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Chamoli district|Chamoli]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes = <ref name = "पत्रिका" />
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 = 7.53
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 1650
| population_total = 7,138
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes = <ref name = "पत्रिका" />
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi]], [[Sanskrit]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 246428
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| area_code = 01363
| registration_plate = UK-11
| blank1_name_sec1 =
| blank1_info_sec1 =
| demographics1_title3 = Native
| demographics1_info3 = [[Garhwali language|Garhwali]]
| blank2_name_sec1 = [[Human sex ratio|Sex ratio]]
| blank2_info_sec1 = 1000 / 926 [[male|♂]]/[[female|♀]]
| blank3_name_sec1 = Literacy
| blank3_info_sec1 = 75%
| blank4_name_sec1 = [[Lok Sabha]] constituency
| blank4_info_sec1 = [[Garhwal (Lok Sabha constituency)|Garhwal]]
| blank5_name_sec1 = [[Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly|Vidhan Sabha]] constituency
| blank5_info_sec1 = [[Karnaprayag (Uttarakhand Assembly constituency)|Karnaprayag]]
| blank1_name_sec2 = [[Climate of India|Climate]]
| blank1_info_sec2 = [[Subtropical highland climate|Cwb]] ([[Köppen climate classification|Köppen]])
| website = {{URL|https://chamoli.gov.in}}
| footnotes =
}}

'''Gairsain''' ({{IPA|Gbm|ɡɛːrˈsɛːɳ|lang}}) is a town in [[Chamoli district]] of the Indian state of [[Uttarakhand]] near state's summer capital [[Bhararisain]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Bhararisain declared as summer capital of Uttarakhand|url=https://www.timesnownews.com/india/article/bhararisain-declared-as-summer-capital-of-uttarakhand/603160|access-date=2021-11-24|website=www.timesnownews.com|language=en}}</ref> A town and [[Nagar Panchayat]], Gairsain is situated at the eastern edge of the vast [[Dudhatoli]] mountain range, and is located in [[Chamoli district]] almost at the centre of the state, at a distance of approximately 250 kilometres from [[Dehradun]].{{sfn|Huffington Post|2017}} It is easily accessible from both the [[Garhwal division|Garhwal]] and the [[Kumaon division|Kumaon]] divisions, and in a way, acts as the bridge between the two regions. It is being considered as the future Permanent capital of [[Uttarakhand]].{{sfn|Huffington Post|2017}}<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=BJP-Congress Tiff Over Taking Credit for Garsain, Uttarakhand's Summer Capital|url=https://thewire.in/politics/bjp-congress-credit-gairsain-uttarakhand|access-date=2020-03-10|website=The Wire}}</ref>

Gairsain was envisaged as the state capital during the [[Uttarakhand movement|statehood agitation]].{{sfn|Tribune India|2015a}} However, after the formation of the state on 9 November 2000, [[Dehradun]] was made the temporary capital of the state.{{sfn|Tribune India|2015a}} The [[Government of Uttarakhand]] had constituted the Dixit Commission for the search of a permanent capital; but the commission in its report had noted that "the interim capital, [[Dehradun]], is a more suitable place as the permanent capital owing to the factors like its distance from national capital, centralised population and safety from natural calamities".{{sfn|Hindustan Times|2015}} A three-day-long assembly session of [[Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly]] was held at Gairsain from 9 to 12 June 2014. With this event, hopes are high that its stature might be raised to that of the permanent capital of the state, in the near future.{{sfn|Tribune India|2015a}}{{sfn|The Hindu|2014}}{{sfn|The Times of India|2016}}

==Etymology==
According to tradition, the name ''Gairsain'' is derived from the [[Garhwali language|Garhwali]] words; ''Gair'' (गैर) meaning 'at some depth' and ''Sain'' (सैण) meaning 'rolling plains', referring to the somewhat flat land at some depth in otherwise hilly terrain. An adjoining village is named ''Gair'' (गैड़) and some attribute the name ''Gairsain'' as the deep plain area at the foot of Gair Village.

==History==
=== Ancient history ===
[[File:Shiva with trident Kuninda 2nd century.jpg|thumb|left|Coin of [[Amoghabhuti|King Amogh]], a ruler of the [[Kuninda Kingdom]], c. 2nd century BCE]]
In the ancient Indian literature, this area has been celebrated as Kedar Kshetra.{{sfn|History of Chamoli District}} The other tradition envisages that Himalayan country is said to be made up of five divisions one of which is Kedar Khanda which has been specifically dealt within the Kedar Khand section of Skand Puran. The [[Kunindas]] and [[Kiratas]] are also reported to have been inhabitants of this region.<ref>{{Harvnb|Chatterji|1974|p=30}}</ref> According to Hindu tradition the earliest King of this area seems to have been [[Kubera]], the Lord of [[Yakshas]]. They were suppressed by [[Asuras]] who seem to have principally ruled over what is now [[Ukhimath]]. [[Prithu]] appears to have been the first King from the plains to visit these parts. After the [[Mahabharata war]], [[Naga people|Nagas]], [[Kunindas]], [[Kiratas]], Tanganas and [[Khasas]] exercised control over this region.{{sfn|History of Chamoli District}} For more than a century the area fell under the empire of [[Kushanas]] and later on under the sway of Shilvarman, a powerful king who styled himself lord of the mountains. In course of time the [[Katyuri kings|Katyuri dynasty]] became a virtually indigenous ruling family of this region. [[Katyuri Kings]] ruled the present area from 9th to 11th centuries.<ref>{{Harvnb|Alter|2008|p=68}}</ref> The Katyuris were replaced by [[Chand Kings]] in [[Kumaon division|Kumaon]], while Garhwal was fragmented into several small principalities.<ref>{{Harvnb|Rawat|2002|p=15}}</ref>{{sfn|History of Pauri Garhwal District}} [[Huen Tsang]], the Chinese traveller, who visited the region around 629 AD, mentions a kingdom of Brahampura in the region.{{sfn|History of Garhwal District}}

Gairsain remained under the sway of Parmar Rajputs of Garhwal during the Medivial period. The Garhwal state was founded in 823 AD, when Kanakpal, the prince of [[Malwa]], on his visit to the [[Badrinath Temple]], met the King Bhanu Pratap, a chieftain of Chandpur Garhi. The King later married his only daughter to the prince and subsequently handed over his kingdom, the fortress town. Kanakpal and his descendants of Parmar dynasty, gradually conquered all the independent fortresses (Garhs) belonging to its 52 small chieftains, and ruled the whole of [[Garhwal Kingdom]] for the next 915 years, up to 1804 AD.{{sfn|History of Tehri Garhwal District}}<ref>{{EB1911|wstitle=Garhwal|volume=11|page=466}}</ref> In 1358, the 37th ruler, Ajay Pal, brought all the minor principalities for the Garhwal region, under his own rule, and founded the [[Garhwal Kingdom]], with Devalgarh as its capital, which he later shifted to [[Srinagar, Uttarakhand|Srinagar]].{{sfn|History of Uttarkashi District}}

At the beginning of the 18th century, the bulk of this area was included in the domain of Fateh Shah, the Raja of [[Garhwal Kingdom|Garhwal]]. He was followed by Dilip Sah, Upendra Sah and Pradeep Sah for over half a century. In the beginning of 1803, a [[1803 Garhwal earthquake|severe earthquake]] occurred in Garhwal, destroying many houses and killing many people and cattle.<ref>{{Harvnb|Walton|1910|p=12}}</ref> Soon after this the Gorkha leaders [[Amar Singh Thapa]], Hastidal Chutariya and some others invaded Garhwal with a large and well equipped army.<ref name="Hamal 1995">{{Harvnb|Hamal|1995}}</ref> [[Amar Singh Thapa]] was appointed Governor of the region.<ref name="Hamal 1995"/> The Gorkhas were defeated by the British forces in the [[Anglo-Nepalese War|Anglo-Nepalese War of 1814]], and Gairsain along with other parts of Kumaon and Garhwal was ceded to the British in the [[Treaty of Sugauli]]. In 1839 the [[Garhwal District|district of Garhwal]] came into existence after being separated from the [[Kumaon District]].<ref>{{Harvnb|Walton|1910|p=02}}</ref> In 1919, this area came into prominence as a centre of political activity under the leadership of Anusuya Prasad Bahuguna, a leader who held public meetings against [[Coolie-Begar Movement|coolie-begar system]]. In 1930 the civil disobedience movement was made one occasion for launching individual Satyagraha against British Government. In 1947 the area along with rest of country won independence from British rule when it was part of the [[Garhwal District|district British Garhwal]] also called [[Pauri Garhwal]].

=== Founding ===
[[File:UKD-flag.gif|thumb|During the [[Uttarakhand movement|statehood movement]], [[Uttarakhand Kranti Dal]] formally declared Gairsain as the capital of the proposed state of Uttarakhand in 1992.]]
[[Chandra Singh Garhwali|Veer Chandra Singh Garhwali]] was the first person to propose Gairsain as the capital of a hill state in the 1960s.<ref name="वेबदुनिया" /> This place eventually began to be projected as the capital of the proposed state during the [[Uttarakhand movement|Uttarakhand state movement]]. In 1989, Dr. D.D. Pant and [[Bipin Chandra Tripathi|Bipin Tripathi]] accepted Gairsain as the proposed capital of Uttarakhand.<ref name="आयोजन और घोषणाओं">{{cite news |script-title=hi:आयोजन और घोषणाओं तक सिमटा गैरसैंण |url=https://www.amarujala.com/uttarakhand/chamoli/Chamoli-72191-142 |access-date=16 July 2018 |publisher=[[Amar Ujala]] |language=hi |date=17 February 2014 |location=कर्णप्रयाग}}</ref> An office of Directorate of Higher Education and Diet was inaugurated in Gairsain in 1991. The same year, three BJP ministers and MLAs supported the demand of a separate Uttarakhand state in a public meeting held in the town.<ref name="आयोजन और घोषणाओं" /> The Uttarakhand Kranti Dal, in the year 1992, formally declared Gairsain as the capital of the proposed state of Uttarakhand. UKD, In the honour of Veer Chandra Singh Garhwali, named this proposed capital region as '''Chandranagar'''.<ref>{{cite web |last1=पुरुषोत्तम |first1=असनोड़ा |title=गैरसैंण का मुकद्दर अमरावती सा क्यों नहीं? |url=http://badalav.com/%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A3-%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE-%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%B0-%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B5/ |website=बदलाव |access-date=16 July 2018 |date=2 November 2015}}</ref> A hunger strike, which lasted for 157 days, was organised in the year 1994 in order to pressurise the government to announce Gairsain as the capital of Uttarakhand.<ref name="आयोजन और घोषणाओं" /> The same year, a committee headed by Ramashankar Kaushik, which was constituted by then Mulayam Singh Yadav Government, recommended the creation of the hill state of Uttarakhand with Gairsain as its capital.<ref>{{cite news |last1=सुनील दत्त |first1=पाण्डेय |title=गैरसैण: सोलह साल से भ्रमजाल |url=https://www.jansatta.com/politics/cover-story-on-uttarakhand-in-the-16th-year-of-its-existence/249681/ |access-date=16 July 2018 |publisher=जनसत्ता |date=11 February 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |trans-title=Gairsan may be Uttaranchal capital |script-title=hi:गैरसैंण उत्तराँचल की राजधानी हो सकती है |url=https://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/2000/08/06/stories/14062252.htm |access-date=16 July 2018 |date=5 August 2000 |location=लखनऊ |work=[[The Hindu]] |language=hi}}{{dead link|date=April 2021|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref>

After the formation of Uttarakhand on 9 November 2000, the demand for declaring Gairsain as the state capital started rising across the state. In 2000, the Uttarakhand Mahila Morcha took out a rally demanding Gairsain be made the state capital.<ref name="आयोजन और घोषणाओं" /><ref>{{cite news |trans-title=Gairsain as capital earnest dream—a betrayal by political parties |title=गैरसैंण राजधानी का सपना – राजनैतिक पार्टियों द्वारा विश्वासघात |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/uttarakhand/community/gairsain-as-capital-earnest-dream-a-betrayal-by-political-parties/334231.html |access-date=16 July 2018 |publisher=द ट्रिब्यून |date=9 December 2016 |location=गैरसैंण |language=en |archive-date=16 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180716111649/https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/uttarakhand/community/gairsain-as-capital-earnest-dream-a-betrayal-by-political-parties/334231.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Several public demonstrations followed this rally, and in a similar event held in [[Srinagar, Uttarakhand|Srinagar]] in 2002, the ''Gairsain Rajdhani Aandolana Samiti'' (Gairsain Capital Movement Committee) was established.<ref name="आयोजन और घोषणाओं" /> Taking these movements into consideration, the Uttarakhand government constituted the Dikshit Commission under the chairmanship of Justice V. N. Dixit, whose work was to carry out a study among various cities of Uttarakhand, in order to find the most suitable place for the capital of Uttarakhand. The Dikshit Commission narrowed down the search to 5 cities: [[Dehradun]], [[Kashipur, Uttarakhand|Kashipur]], [[Ramnagar, Nainital|Ramnagar]], [[Rishikesh]] and Gairsain; and after taking 8 years, submitted its 80-page report to the Uttarakhand Assembly on 17 August 2008.<ref>{{cite news|title=धूल फांक रही है दीक्षित आयोग की रिपोर्ट|url=https://m.navbharattimes.indiatimes.com/state/uttarakhand/dehradun/dixii-commisions-report-is-been-not-considered-yet-in-uttarakahan/amp_articleshow/18208177.cms|access-date=7 April 2018|date=27 January 2013|publisher=नवभारत टाइम्स|location=देहरादून|archive-date=7 April 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180407121608/https://m.navbharattimes.indiatimes.com/state/uttarakhand/dehradun/dixii-commisions-report-is-been-not-considered-yet-in-uttarakahan/amp_articleshow/18208177.cms|url-status=dead}}</ref> The commission found Dehradun and Kashipur eligible for the capital, noting "the interim capital, [[Dehradun]], is a more suitable place as the permanent capital owing to the factors like its distance from national capital, centralised population and safety from natural calamities" and considering the odd geographical conditions, seismic data and other factors, disfavoured Gairsain as the permanent capital.<ref>{{cite news|first1=उमेश|last1=दीवान|trans-title=Dixit Commission disfavours Garsain as capital|title=दीक्षित आयोग ने गैरसैण को राजधानी के तौर पर असंतोषजनक बताया|url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2009/20090714/dun.htm#1|access-date=7 April 2018|date=13 July 2009 |publisher=द ट्रिब्यून|location=देहरादून|language=en}}</ref> Although, the whole state, baring plains, is in Seismic Zone-5

In 2012, the then [[Chief Minister of Uttarakhand]], [[Vijay Bahuguna]] organized a cabinet meeting in Gairsain.<ref name="वेबदुनिया">{{cite news |script-title=hi:सियासत के अलावा कुछ नहीं गैरसैंण मुद्‌दा|url=http://m.hindi.webdunia.com/article/regional-hindi-news/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%A4-%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%87-%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE-%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%9B-%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%82-%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A3-%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E2%80%8C%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BE-114061200104_1.htm|access-date=7 April 2018|publisher=वेबदुनिया |language=hi}}</ref> After the success of this meeting, the foundation stone of a new building for the [[Uttarakhand Assembly]] was set in the GIC Ground in the year 2013. The same year, Bhoomi Poojan Program was organized for the Vidhan Sabha Bhavan in [[Bhararisain]], located about 14 km away from Gairsain. A three-day session of the Uttarakhand assembly was organized for the first time in this assembly building that was completed in 2014. In May 2014, a decision was taken by Uttarakhand government to constitute 'Gairsain Development Council' by merging the blocks of Gairsain in [[Chamoli district|Chamoli]] and [[Chaukhutia]] in [[Almora district|Almora]],<ref>{{cite news |script-title=hi:'गैरसैंण विकास परिषद' के गठन का फैसला- Amarujala |url=https://www.amarujala.com/dehradun/gairsain-development-authority |access-date=16 July 2018 |publisher=[[Amar Ujala]] |language=hi |date=16 May 2014 |location=देहरादून}}</ref> and by the end of the year, there were plans to develop Gairsain as the [[Summer capital]] of Uttarakhand.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Prashant |first1=Shishir |title=Gairsain to be summer capital of Uttarakhand: Chief minister |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/politics/gairsain-to-be-summer-capital-of-uttarakhand-chief-minister-114081401174_1.html |access-date=5 December 2019 |work=Business Standard India |date=14 August 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Upadhyay |first1=Kavita |title='Gairsain to become Uttarakhand's summer capital' |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/gairsain-to-become-uttarakhands-summer-capital-harish-rawat/article6584764.ece |access-date=5 December 2019 |work=The Hindu |date=11 November 2014 |language=en-IN}}</ref>

[[File:Uttarakhand Divisions Map.png|thumb|left|Gairsain Division (Shown in Blue) was proposed to be the third [[Administrative divisions of Uttarakhand|administrative division]] of the state after [[Garhwal division|Garhwal]] and [[Kumaon division|Kumaon]]]]
Gairsain was given the status of a [[Nagar Panchayat]] in 2015–2016. At the time of its establishment, the city was spread over an area of 7.53 sq. km, and had a population of 7,138 according to the [[2011 Census of India]].<ref name="पत्रिका" /> The proposal to develop Gairsain as the Summer capital of the state gained much acceptance by 2017.<ref>{{cite news |title=Bill to make Gairsain summer capital soon {{!}} Dehradun News - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/dehradun/bill-to-make-gairsain-summer-capital-soon/articleshow/60518170.cms |access-date=5 December 2019 |work=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref> Another session of the Uttarakhand Cabinet was held in Gairsain in 2017<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.livehindustan.com/uttarakhand/story-assembly-session-government-in-the-absence-of-gairsain-from-today-1681885.html|title=विधानसभा सत्र : आज से हफ्तेभर गैरसैंण में सरकार |publisher=हिन्दुस्तान, दैनिक, हिन्दी उत्तराखण्ड संस्करण |access-date=25 December 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://uttarakhandpost.com/uttarakhand-assembly-winter-session-to-be-held-in-gairsain/|title=सात दिसंबर से गैरसैंण में होगा विधानसभा का शीतकालीन सत्र|date=2 November 2017|publisher=उत्तराखंड पोस्ट, उत्तराखण्ड|access-date=20 November 2017}}</ref> and the following year, the state government decided to set up an integrated township at [[Bhararisain]]. The entire complex was proposed to be developed on the green city concept, which would be equipped with several modern facilities on its sprawling campus including "residential apartments and commercial complexes, dispensaries, and schools, besides parks and playgrounds for children and youth".<ref>{{cite news |title=Integrated township project, step towards Gairsain as summer capital |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/dehradun/integrated-township-project-step-towards-gairsain-as-summer-capital/story-rcJa08jCAFcfHXBX4KiLxI.html |access-date=5 December 2019 |work=Hindustan Times |date=25 July 2018 |language=en}}</ref>

On 4 March 2020, the chief minister of Uttarakhand, Trivendra Singh Rawat announced in the Legislative Assembly of the state during budget session that [[Bhararisain]] (14 km from Gairsain) would be declared the summer Capital of the state.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/gairsain-uttarakhand-summer-capital-trivendra-singh-rawat-6299322/|title = Uttarakhand: Gairsain to be summer capital, announces CM Trivendra Rawat|date = 4 March 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.news18.com/news/india/gairsain-to-be-uttarakhands-summer-capital-says-cm-trivendra-rawat-in-state-assembly-2525703.html|title = Gairsain to be U'khand's Summer Capital, Says CM Trivendra Rawat in Assembly; Meets Long-sought Demand|date = 4 March 2020}}</ref> An official notification to this effect was issued on 8 June 2020 by the government after the then governor, [[Baby Rani Maurya]] gave her assent to the move.<ref name="TOI 8 June">{{cite news |title=Gairsain becomes Uttarakhand's summer capital {{!}} Dehradun News - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/dehradun/gairsain-becomes-uttarakhands-summer-capital/articleshow/76264493.cms |access-date=16 June 2020 |work=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref> The Gairsain division was announced in March 2021.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Mar 5 |first1=Kautilya Singh / TNN / |title=After Garhwal & Kumaon, Gairsain announced as third administrative division of U'khand {{!}} Dehradun News - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/dehradun/after-garhwal-kumaon-gairsain-announced-as-third-administrative-division-of-ukhand/articleshow/81336420.cms |access-date=24 April 2021 |work=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref> It was proposed to be the third [[Administrative divisions of Uttarakhand|administrative division]] of the state after [[Garhwal division|Garhwal]] and [[Kumaon division|Kumaon]], and would include the districts of [[Almora district|Almora]], [[Bageshwar district|Bageshwar]], [[Chamoli district|Chamoli]] and [[Rudraprayag district|Rudraprayag]]. However, the status was put on 'hold' by Uttarakhand Cabinet in April 2021.<ref>{{cite news |title=Uttarakhand puts on hold Gairsain status |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2021/apr/10/uttarakhand-puts-on-hold-gairsain-status-2288230.html |access-date=24 April 2021 |work=The New Indian Express}}</ref>

== Geography ==
[[File:Dudhatoli 4.jpg|thumb|View of snowfall in [[Dudhatoli]] hills, as seen from Gairsain]]
Gairsain is just about 16 km from the [[Almora district]] border along [[National Highway 87 (India)|National Highway 87]]. The nearest railway station to Gairsain is [[Ramnagar, Nainital|Ramnagar]] which is 150 km away. The nearest airport is [[Gauchar Airport]], at [[Gauchar]] which is approximately 54 km.{{sfn|Report on Gairsain}}

=== Location ===
The town of Gairsain is situated in [[Chamoli District]] of [[Uttarakhand]] in [[North India]]. The town is located at {{Coord|30.05|N|79.28|E}} and has an average altitude of {{convert|1650|m}}.{{sfn|Report on Gairsain|p=22}} The town is 260 km north-east of [[Dehradun]], 170 km south of [[Badrinath]], 140 km north-west of [[Nainital]] and approximately 450 km north-east of [[New Delhi]]. Gairsain is situated in the center of the state;{{sfn|The Wire|2017}} although it comes within the administrative limits of the [[Garhwal division]], the boundary of [[Kumaon division]] starts approximately 15 kilometers from the town.<ref name="Budhwar">{{cite book |last1=Budhwar |first1=Prem K. |title=The Call of the Mountains: Uttarakhand Explored |date=2010 |publisher=Har-Anand Publications |isbn=9788124115299 |page=112 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VWuAZvAuTIQC |access-date=13 November 2018 |language=en}}</ref> The town is located on the mountains of the [[Dudhatoli]] range, and forms its western limit.

Gairsain is also the headquarter of the Gairsain Tehsil – one of the six district subdivisions of [[Chamoli district]]. The Gairsain Tehsil is spread over an area of {{convert|501|km2}} and is bound by the [[Karnaprayag|Karnaprayag Tehsil]] on its North, Tharali Tehsil on its East, [[Chaukhutia|Chaukhutia Tehsil]] of [[Almora district]] on its south and [[Thalisain|Thalisain Tehsil]] of [[Pauri Garhwal district]] on its West.

=== Topography ===
Gairsain has an unusually gentle topography compared to the other areas of equivalent altitude in the Garhwal region. The slope of the land in the lower regions or 'khet' is around 30 degrees while along the higher slopes it is around 40 degrees.{{sfn|Report on Gairsain|p=22}} According to the [[Bureau of Indian Standards]], the town falls under [[Earthquake hazard zoning of India|seismic zone 5]], in a scale of 2 to 5 (in order of increasing vulnerability to earthquakes).<ref>{{cite book|title=Hazard profiles of Indian districts|publisher=National Capacity Building Project in Disaster Management, UNDP|url=http://www.undp.org.in/dmweb/hazardprofile.pdf|access-date=17 October 2016|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060519100611/http://www.undp.org.in/dmweb/hazardprofile.pdf|archive-date=19 May 2006}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Complete sdmap, Uttarakhand|url=http://dmmc.uk.gov.in/files/pdf/complete_sdmap.pdf|access-date=26 October 2016}}</ref> The source of the [[Ramganga River]], "Diwali Khal", is located near the town; The river flows besides the town, although at a much lower height from it.{{sfn|Report on Gairsain|p=21}} Gairsain comes under the Ramganga Soil Conservation Project that was initiated to contain the advancement of siltation in the [[Kalagarh Dam|Kalagarh dam]]. This project, covering the catchment area of the streams feeding the dam, has its head offices located in [[Ranikhet]].{{sfn|Report on Gairsain|p=22}}

Gairsain is located along an anticlinal thrust plane of the Almora nappe.{{sfn|Report on Gairsain|p=22}} Construction material like [[granite]], [[gneiss]]es, slates tiles, and [[limestone]], [[quartzite]] is found around the town.{{sfn|Report on Gairsain|p=21}} The types of soil found here are generally the same as found in the hilly areas comprising [[gravel]] sand, sandy loam, clayey loam, heavy clay and calcareous soils.{{sfn|Report on Gairsain|p=22}} The soils maybe divided into 3 categories. One is the [[red soil]] found on the slopes and generally sandy is grayish brown when dry and reddish when moist.{{sfn|Report on Gairsain|p=22}} The [[brown soil]]s, found in the forests and fields near the town, varies in colour from brown to dark brown depending on the quantity of organic matter contained therein.{{sfn|Report on Gairsain|p=22}} The [[podsol soil]]s, clayey in texture, are generally found along the terraced fields.{{sfn|Report on Gairsain|p=22}}

=== Climate ===
Gairsain has a [[oceanic climate|subtropical highland climate]] (Cwb) under the [[Köppen climate classification]]. The city is situated at an elevation of 1650 metres, and as a result, the climate of the area is largely dependent on its high altitude. The annual average range of temperature is around 15 °C.<ref name="climate" /> In summers the maximum temperature is around 26 °C while the minimum temperature is around 16 °C.<ref name="climate" /> The winter temperature, however, hovers between 12 and 7 °C.<ref name="climate" /> Skies are heavily clouded during the [[monsoon]] months and for short spells when the region is affected by the passage of western disturbances. During the rest of the year the skies are generally clear to lightly clouded. There is snowfall in the months of January and February. The snowfall is usually between 5 and 120 cm, and the snow accumulates for a day or two.{{sfn|Report on Gairsain|p=22}}

The average annual rainfall occurring in the town is 1435 mm.<ref name="climate" /> Most of the rainfall occurs during the period between June and September when 70 to 80 percent of the annual precipitation is accounted for.<ref name="climate" /> Its location on the southern slopes of the outer Himalayas allows the monsoon currents to enter through the valley. The effectiveness of the rains is, among others, related to low temperature which means less evapotranspiration from the surrounding forests and vegetation cover – indicating that the soil moisture in the area is well preserved.{{sfn|Report on Gairsain |p=22}} The relative humidity is moderately high during the monsoon season around 60 percent but the unpleasant effect is offset by the winds which make it less oppressive. During the winter months the humidity increases towards the afternoon generally. The driest part of the year is the pre monsoon period when the humidity may drop to 35 percent during the afternoon.{{sfn|Report on Gairsain|p=22}}

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| source = Climate-Data.org<ref name="climate">{{cite web | title = Climate Gairsain: Temperature, Climate graph, Climate table for Gairsain | url = https://en.climate-data.org/asia/india/uttarakhand/gairsain-275612/ | website=en.climate-data.org | access-date = 13 November 2018}}</ref>
}}

== Demographics ==
{{Historical populations
|title= Historical population
|type= Gairsain
|1981|2,895
|1991|4,228
|2001|6,258
|2011|7,138
|source = {{sfn|Report on Gairsain|p=24}}
}}
According to the 2011 census of India, Gairsain town is spread over an area of 7.53 sq. km, and the total population residing in the town is 7,138,<ref name="पत्रिका">{{cite book|title=सांख्यिकी पत्रिका २०१६|trans-title=Statistical Handbook 2016|pages=61|url=http://chamoli.nic.in/files/StatisticalHandbook%20/STATISTICAL_BOOK_2016.pdf|access-date=4 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171114202900/http://chamoli.nic.in/files/StatisticalHandbook%20/STATISTICAL_BOOK_2016.pdf|archive-date=14 November 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref> which gives it population density of 947.94 persons per square kilometer of area, which is greater than the state ratio of 189 people per square kilometer. The number of men in the city is 3,582 while the number of women is 3,556,<ref name="पत्रिका" /> which gives it a sex ratio of 100.73%. Literacy rate of the town is 87.27 percent.<ref name="पत्रिका" /> Gairsain, initially a small hamlet, had a recorded population of 2,895 in 1981.{{sfn|Report on Gairsain|p=24}} The population subsequently rose to 4,228 in 1991 and 6,258 in 2001.{{sfn|Report on Gairsain|p=24}}

==Governance==
Ex-Chief Minister [[Vijay Bahuguna]] promised to undertake numerous developmental projects in Gairsain, during his first visit to the town. He promised that an airstrip would be laid in Gairsain. In addition, one session of the legislative assembly will be held annually in Gairsain.{{sfn|Tribune India|2012}}{{sfn|Tribune India|2015b}}

A session of [[Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly]] was held on 17 and 18 November 2016 for the first time in the newly constructed, grand [[Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly]] building at [[Bhararisain]], some 14 km away from Gairsain. Many important legislations were passed during the session. The assembly also resolved to hold the next budget session at Bhararisain.

A Vidhan Sabha complex was built at Bhararisain, around 14 km from the town. Covering 47 acres, the assembly building is estimated to have cost 150 crores. In the summer, officials travel from Dehradun along with documents to Bhararisain for the assembly session. The complex is kept closed during the snowy winters.<ref name="Express,2020">{{Cite web|date=2020-06-09|title=Explained: Why Uttarakhand will have a second capital in Gairsain|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/explained-why-has-uttarakhand-decided-to-have-a-second-capital-in-gairsain-6448757/|access-date=2021-11-29|website=The Indian Express|language=en}}</ref>

== Transport ==
Due to being located in a hilly area, Gairsain has neither rail connections nor a proper air connection, however, it is well connected by road. The nearest railhead is located in [[Ramnagar railway station|Ramnagar]], which is approximately 150 km from Gairsain. Other nearby Railway stations include [[Kathgodam railway station|Kathgodam]] (160 km) and [[Kotdwara]] (245 km). A [[Rishikesh–Karnaprayag Railway|railway line]] connecting [[Karnaprayag]] with [[Rishikesh]] is under construction,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/dehradun/12-stations-of-rishikesh-karanprayag-rail-line-announced/articleshow/70928678.cms|title = 12 stations of Rishikesh-Karanprayag rail line announced | Dehradun News - Times of India|website = [[The Times of India]]}}</ref> and upon its completion, the Karnaprayag railway station (47 km) will be the nearest railway station to Gairsain. There have also been plans to link [[Chaukhutia]] to [[Ramnagar, Nainital|Ramnagar]] with a Rail line,<ref>{{cite news|title=Harish Rawat seeks rail projects for state|url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/news/uttarakhand/governance/harish-rawat-seeks-rail-projects-for-state/45807.html|access-date=15 September 2017|work=The Tribune|date=23 February 2015|location=Dehradun|language=en}}</ref> which would be instrumental in bringing Gairsain on the Railway map.<ref>{{cite news |script-title=hi:गैरसैंण तक बनेगी रामनगर-चौखुटिया प्रस्तावित रेल लाइन|url=http://www.amarujala.com/uttarakhand/almora/the-proposed-railway-line-will-form-to-garsann-ramnagar-chaukhutia-hindi-news|access-date=15 September 2017|publisher=Amar Ujala|date=15 May 2015|location=Chaukhutia|language=hi}}</ref> In May 2019, the [[Ministry of Railways (India)|Ministry of Railways]] sanctioned the survey of a new railway track which would connect Gairsain with [[Tanakpur]], [[Bageshwar]], Chaukhutiya, and Karnaprayag.<ref>{{cite news |title=Rail ministry sanctions survey of Tanakpur-Gairsain-Karnaprayag rail track {{!}} Dehradun News - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/dehradun/rail-ministry-sanctions-survey-of-tanakpur-gairsain-karnaprayag-rail-track/articleshow/68223524.cms |access-date=5 December 2019 |work=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref>

The nearby operational airports are located in [[Pantnagar Airport|Pantnagar]], [[Pithoragarh Airport|Pithoragarh]] and [[Dehradun Airport|Dehradun]] at a distance of approximately 195, 240 and 260 kilometers respectively. An [[Gauchar Airport|airstrip]] exists at [[Gauchar]] (55 km) but is used only during special occasions. Government is planning the development of an [[Chaukhutia Airport|Airport at Chaukhutia]], which is situated in [[Almora district]] at a distance of 35 km from Gairsain.<ref>{{cite news |script-title=hi:चौखुटिया को हवाई अड्डे के रूप में बड़ा तोहफा : भट्ट|url=http://www.amarujala.com/uttarakhand/almora/chaukhootia-s-big-gift-as-airport-bhatt|access-date=15 September 2017|publisher=Amar Ujala|date=2 August 2017|location=Almora|language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |script-title=hi:चौखुटिया को मिलेगी हवाई पट्टी की सौगात|url=https://www.jagran.com/uttarakhand/almora-16486959.html|access-date=15 September 2017|publisher=jagran|date=4 August 2017|location=Chaukhutia|language=hi}}</ref>

Gairsain is well connected by roads with all major cities in the state. [[National Highway 109 (India)|National Highway 109]] passes through the town, and connects with the cities of [[Haldwani]], [[Almora]], [[Ranikhet]], [[Dwarahat]] and [[Karnaprayag]]. Private bus operators as well as [[Uttarakhand Transport Corporation|state transport buses]] ply to and from the town. Taxi services are also available to destination like [[Chaukhutia]], [[Ramnagar, Nainital|Ramnagar]] and other major towns and cities.

== Education ==
Gairsain has one Degree College – the Government Degree College Gairsain, which was established in 2001, and is affiliated to the [[Hemwati Nandan Bahuguna Garhwal University]], [[Srinagar, Uttarakhand|Srinagar]].<ref>{{cite web |title=GOVERNMENT DEGREE COLLEGE, GAIRSAIN, CHAMOLI, UTTARAKHAND |url=https://www.outlookindia.com/education/government-degree-college-gairsain/qx51 |access-date=27 November 2020}}</ref>

=== Degree college ===
[https://www.uttrakhandhub.in/2020/08/pg-college-gairsain.html PG college Gairsain] is now affiliated with Sri dev Suman University Badshahithaul tehri; changes occurred by 2018 when many colleges that were affiliated with HNBGU were transferred to Sdsu. Now in Garhwal region of Uttarakhand it is the second-largest university for study.

==Notes==
{{Reflist}}

==References==
{{Refbegin|35em}}
* {{cite web|ref={{sfnref|History of Chamoli District}}|title=History of Chamoli District|url=http://chamoli.nic.in/pages/display/54-history|publisher=District Administration: [[Chamoli district]]|access-date=23 June 2017}}
* {{cite web|ref={{sfnref|History of Pauri Garhwal District}}|title=History of Pauri Garhwal District|url=http://pauri.nic.in/Glo_Past.htm|publisher=District Administration: [[Pauri Garhwal district]]|access-date=23 June 2017|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090410075651/http://pauri.nic.in/Glo_Past.htm|archive-date=10 April 2009}}
* {{cite web|ref={{sfnref|History of Tehri Garhwal District}}|title=History of Tehri Garhwal District|url=http://tehri.nic.in/pages/display/53-history|publisher=District Administration: [[Tehri Garhwal district]]|access-date=23 June 2017}}
* {{cite web|ref={{sfnref|History of Uttarkashi District}}|title=History of Uttarkashi District|url=http://uttarkashi.nic.in/Public/history.htm|publisher=District Administration: [[Uttarkashi district]]|access-date=23 June 2017|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090410080921/http://uttarkashi.nic.in/Public/history.htm|archive-date=10 April 2009}}
* {{cite web|ref={{sfnref|History of Garhwal District}}|title=Imperial Gazetteer of India, Volume 12, page 165|url=https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V12_171.gif|website=dsal.uchicago.edu|publisher=Digital South Asia Library|access-date=23 June 2017}}
* {{cite news|ref={{sfnref|The Wire|2017}}|last1=Bhatnagar|first1=Gaurav Vivek|title=As Politicians Dither on Uttarakhand's New Capital, Gairsain Residents Swing Between Hope and Despair|url=https://thewire.in/107720/gairsain-uttarakhand/|access-date=27 June 2017|work=thewire.in|publisher=The Wire|location=Gairsain|date=11 February 2017}}
* {{cite news|ref={{sfnref|Huffington Post|2017}}|last1=Sen|first1=Sudhi Ranjan|title=After 16 Years of Talks, Why Hasn't The Uttarakhand Capital Shifted To Gairsain?|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.in/2017/02/10/after-16-years-of-talks-why-hasnt-the-uttarakhand-capital-shif_a_21711218/|access-date=27 June 2017|work=[[Huffington Post India]]|date=10 February 2017}}
* {{cite news|ref={{sfnref|Hindustan Times|2015}}|last1=Trivedi|first1=Anupam|title=Capital birth pangs: Can Gairsain bear the burden?|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/dehradun/capital-birth-pangs-can-gairsain-bear-the-burden/story-Ct7AxH7erw5fjt5Sf3tKIP.html|access-date=21 October 2016|work=Hindustan Times|date=30 October 2015|location=Dehradun}}
* {{cite news|ref={{sfnref|The Hindu|2014}}|last1=Upadhyay|first1=Kavita|title=Gairsain to become Uttarakhand's summer capital|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/gairsain-to-become-uttarakhands-summer-capital-harish-rawat/article6584764.ece|access-date=21 October 2016|work=The Hindu|date=11 November 2014|location=Dehradun|language=en}}
* {{cite news|ref={{sfnref|Tribune India|2015a}}|last1=Kazmi|first1=SMA|title=CM harps on Gairsain issue for political mileage|url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/news/uttarakhand/community/cm-harps-on-gairsain-issue-for-political-mileage/117673.html|access-date=21 October 2016|work=The Tribune|date=9 August 2015|location=Dehradun}}
* {{cite news|ref={{sfnref|The Times of India|2016}}|last1=Kumar|first1=Darshan|title=Before polls, another House session to be held at Gairsain: CM|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/dehradun/Before-polls-another-House-session-to-be-held-at-Gairsain-CM/articleshow/51348415.cms|access-date=21 October 2016|work=The Times of India|date=10 March 2016|location=Dehradun}}
* {{cite book|ref={{sfnref|Report on Gairsain}}|title=Community Based Comprehensive Planning for a Capital Township, Uttaranchal|url=http://prayaga.org/documents/gairsain-report.pdf|access-date=21 October 2016}}
* {{cite news|ref={{sfnref|Tribune India|2012}}|title=Bahuguna promises development of all regions of state|url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2012/20121127/dun.htm#1|access-date=21 October 2016|work=tribuneindia.com|publisher=The Tribune|date=26 November 2012|location=Dehradun}}
* {{cite news|ref={{sfnref|Tribune India|2015b}}|last1=Sharma|first1=Neena|title=Gairsain to have Assembly building first, Raipur later|url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/news/uttarakhand/gairsain-to-have-assembly-building-first-raipur-later/134456.html|access-date=21 October 2016|work=The Tribune|date=17 September 2015|location=Dehradun}}
* {{cite book | last = Atkinson| first = Edwin T.| title = The Himalayan Gazetteer or The Himalayan Districts of the North Western Province of India|url=https://archive.org/details/dli.bengal.10689.15229 | publisher =Cosmos| year =1881| location =[[New Delhi]]}}
* {{cite book|last=Rawat|first=Ajay S.|title=Garhwal Himalayas: A Study in Historical Perspective|date=2002|publisher=Indus Publishing|location=New Delhi|isbn=9788173871368|language=en}}
* {{cite book | last = Chatterji | first = S. K. | title = Kirata-Jana-Krti | publisher =[[The Asiatic Society]] | year =1974 | location =[[Calcutta]]}}
* {{cite book|last=Alter|first=Andrew|title=Dancing with Devtas: Drums, Power and Possession in the Music of Garhwal, North India|date=2008|publisher=[[Routledge]]|location=New Delhi|isbn=9781351946391|language=en}}
* {{cite book|last=Hamal|first=Lakshman B.|title=Military history of Nepal|date=1995|publisher=Sharda Pustak Mandir|location=Gorakhpur|language=en}}
* {{cite book | last = Walton| first = H. G.| title = A Gazetteer of Garhwal Himalaya| publisher =Government Press| year =1910 | location =[[Allahabad]]}}
{{Refend}}

==External links==
{{Sister project links|voy=Uttarakhand|Uttarakhand}}
;Government
*{{Official website}} of Uttarakhand Government
*{{Official website}} of District Chamoli
;Other
*[http://www.indiaenvironmentportal.org.in/category/thesaurus/uttaranchal-uttarakhand Resources on Uttarakhand – news, policies, documents, articles] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130810193405/http://indiaenvironmentportal.org.in/category/thesaurus/uttaranchal-uttarakhand |date=10 August 2013 }}
*[https://ghuguti.com/map-of-uttarakhand/ Map of Uttarakhand]{{dead link|date=February 2025|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}

{{Uttarakhand}}
{{Municipalities of Uttarakhand}}

[[Category:Cities and towns in Chamoli district]]
[[Category:States and territories established in 2000]]
[[Category:2000 establishments in India]]

Salman Rushdie

2026-03-25T15:49:27Z

Vivek.Dantkale: fixed structure per standard format

{{short description|Indian-British-American novelist (born 1947)}}
{{Use Oxford spelling|date=August 2022}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2025}}
{{Infobox writer
| honorific_prefix = [[Knight Bachelor|Sir]]
| honorific_suffix = {{post-nominals|country=GBR|CH|FRSL|size=100%}}
| image = Salman Rushdie, 2024.jpg
| caption = Rushdie in 2024
| birth_name = Ahmed Salman Rushdie
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1947|06|19|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Bombay]], British India
| death_date =
| death_place =
| occupation = {{Cslist|Writer|professor}}
| citizenship = {{plainlist |
* India (until 1964)
* UK (from 1964)<ref>{{cite web |title=Salman Rushdie |url=https://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/oi/authority.20110803100433765 |url-status=live |access-date=21 August 2022 |website=Oxford Reference |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220923145236/https://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/oi/authority.20110803100433765 |archive-date=23 September 2022}}</ref>
* US (from 2016) }}
| education = [[University of Cambridge]] ([[Bachelor of Arts|BA]])
| genre = {{flatlist |
* [[Magical realism]]
* satire
* [[postcolonialism]]}}
| subject = {{flatlist |
* [[Historical criticism]]
* [[travel writing]]}}
| spouse = {{plainlist |
* {{marriage|Clarissa Luard|1976|1987|end=div}}
* {{marriage|[[Marianne Wiggins]]|1988|1993|end=div}}
* {{marriage|Elizabeth West|1997|2004|end=div}}
* {{marriage|[[Padma Lakshmi]]|2004|2007|end=div}}
* {{marriage|[[Rachel Eliza Griffiths]]|2021}}
}}
| children = 2
| relatives = [[Mishka Rushdie Momen]] (niece) [[Natalie Rushdie]] (daughter-in-law)
| website = {{URL|salmanrushdie.com}}
| signature = Rushdie signature.svg
}}

'''Sir Ahmed Salman Rushdie'''<ref>{{cite news|title=Salman Rushdie claims victory in Facebook name battle|publisher=BBC News|date=15 November 2011|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-15733026|access-date=16 June 2017|archive-date=26 June 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170626024809/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-15733026|url-status=live}}</ref>{{efn|{{IPAc-en|s|ʌ|l|ˈ|m|ɑː|n|_|ˈ|r|ʊ|ʃ|d|i}} {{respell|sul|MAHN|_|RUUSH|dee}}<ref>Pointon, Graham (ed.): ''BBC Pronouncing Dictionary of British Names'', second edition. Oxford Paperbacks, 1990.</ref>}} (born 19 June 1947) is an Indian-born British and American novelist.<ref>{{cite web |last=Taseer |first=Aatish |title='That the world that you knew, and that in a way made you – that world vanishes. I don't think I'm alone in that,' says Salman Rushdie |url=https://openthemagazine.com/columns/open-conversation/that-the-world-that-you-knew-and-that-in-a-way-made-you-that-world-vanishes-i-dont-think-im-alone-in-that-says-salman-rushdie/ |url-status=live |website=Open |date=2 August 2019 |access-date=5 August 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190805051233/https://openthemagazine.com/columns/open-conversation/that-the-world-that-you-knew-and-that-in-a-way-made-you-that-world-vanishes-i-dont-think-im-alone-in-that-says-salman-rushdie/ |archive-date=5 August 2019}}</ref> His work often combines [[magical realism]] with [[historical fiction]] and primarily deals with connections, disruptions, and migrations between [[Eastern world|Eastern]] and [[Western world|Western civilization]]s, typically set on the [[Indian subcontinent]]. Rushdie's second novel, ''[[Midnight's Children]]'' (1981), won the [[Booker Prize]] in 1981 and was deemed to be "the best novel of all winners" on two occasions that marked the [[Man Booker Prize#Winners|25th]] and the [[The Best of the Booker|40th anniversary of the prize]].

After his fourth novel, ''[[The Satanic Verses]]'' (1988), Rushdie became the subject of several assassination attempts and [[death threats]] because of what was seen by some to be an irreverent [[Depictions of Muhammad|depiction]] of [[Muhammad]]. [[Satanic Verses controversy|The controversy involving the ''Satanic Verses'']] included a ''[[fatwa]]'' calling for his death issued by [[Ruhollah Khomeini]], the [[supreme leader of Iran]]. The book was [[Book censorship|banned]] in 20 countries.<ref name="foroutan-nbc-2022">{{cite news |last=Foroutan |first=Parnaz |date=16 April 2022 |title=Salman Rushdie's stabbing is part of an American phenomenon. |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/think/opinion/iran-salman-rushdie-fatwa-satanic-verses-stabbed-america-rcna43181 |publisher=NBC News |access-date=12 July 2024}}</ref> Numerous [[Islamic terrorism|killings and bombings]] have been carried out by [[Islamic extremism|extremists]] who cited the book as motivation, sparking a debate about censorship and [[religiously motivated violence]]. In 2022, [[Stabbing of Salman Rushdie|Rushdie survived a stabbing]] at the [[Chautauqua Institution]] that led to loss of his right eye and damage to his liver and hands.<ref>{{cite news |date=15 April 2024 |title=Salman Rushdie: Losing an eye upsets me every day |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-68739586 |access-date=22 January 2025 |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Gelles |first1=David |last2=Root |first2=Jay |last3=Harris |first3=Elizabeth |date=12 August 2022 |title=Live Updates: Salman Rushdie Is Stabbed During Speech in Western New York |url=https://www.nytimes.com/live/2022/08/12/nyregion/salman-rushdie-stabbed-new-york |access-date=12 August 2022 |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |archive-date=12 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220812163021/https://www.nytimes.com/live/2022/08/12/nyregion/salman-rushdie-stabbed-new-york |url-status=live}}</ref>

Rushdie was educated at [[King's College, Cambridge|King's College]] at the [[University of Cambridge]], where he graduated with a degree in history in 1968. In 1983, Rushdie was elected a fellow of the [[Royal Society of Literature]].<ref>{{cite web |date=1 September 2023 |title=Rushdie, Sir Salman |url=https://rsliterature.org/fellows/sir-salman-rushdie/,%20https://rsliterature.org/fellows/sir-salman-rushdie/ |access-date=29 June 2025 |website=Royal Society of Literature |language=en-GB}}</ref> He was appointed a {{lang|fr|Commandeur de l'[[Ordre des Arts et des Lettres]]}} of France in 1999.<ref>"[https://www.chicagotribune.com/1999/01/07/rushdie-to-receive-top-literary-award/ Rushdie to Receive Top Literary Award]", ''[[Chicago Tribune]]'', 7 January 1999. Retrieved 26 March 2012.</ref> [[Salman Rushdie knighthood controversy|Rushdie was knighted]] in 2007 for his services to literature.<ref>"[http://www.london-gazette.co.uk/issues/58358/supplements/page.htm Birthday Honours List – United Kingdom]." ''[[The London Gazette]]'' 58358(1):B1. 16 June 2007. Retrieved 26 March 2012. {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130116101644/http://www.london-gazette.co.uk/issues/58358/supplements/page.htm |date=16 January 2013}}</ref> In 2008, ''[[The Times]]'' ranked him 13th on its list of the 50 greatest [[British writer]]s since 1945.<ref>[https://www.thetimes.com/culture/books/article/the-50-greatest-british-writers-since-1945-ws3g69xrf90 "The 50 Greatest British Writers Since 1945".] ''The Times'', 5 January 2008. Retrieved 1 January 2010. Subscription required.</ref> Since 2000, he has lived in the United States. Rushdie was named Distinguished Writer in Residence at the [[Arthur L. Carter Journalism Institute]] of [[New York University]] in 2015.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://journalism.nyu.edu/about-us/faculty/distinguished-professionals-in-residence/ |title=Distinguished Professionals in Residence |access-date=4 April 2017 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170405170144/https://journalism.nyu.edu/about-us/faculty/distinguished-professionals-in-residence/ |archive-date=5 April 2017 }}</ref> Earlier, he taught at [[Emory University]]. He was elected to the [[American Academy of Arts and Letters]]. In 2012, Rushdie published ''[[Joseph Anton: A Memoir]]'', an account of his life in the wake of the events following ''The Satanic Verses''. He was named one of the [[Time 100|100 most influential people in the world]] by ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'' magazine in April 2023.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://time.com/collection/100-most-influential-people-2023/ |title=Time 100 |magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |date=13 April 2023 |access-date=15 April 2023 |archive-date=13 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230413151502/https://time.com/collection/100-most-influential-people-2023/ |url-status=live}}</ref>

Rushdie has been married five times. From 2004 to 2007, he was married to Indian-American television presenter and model [[Padma Lakshmi]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Controversy man Salman Rushdie |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/lifestyle/photo/controversy-man-salman-rushdie-364649-2012-01-24/8 |website=India Today |date=24 January 2012 |access-date=7 October 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |first=Ellissa |last=Bain|url=https://www.hitc.com/en-gb/2022/08/13/who-is-salman-rushdies-wife-inside-his-four-marriages/|title=Who is Salman Rushdie's wife? Inside his four marriages|work=[[HITC]]|date=13 August 2022|access-date=13 August 2022|archive-date=13 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220813090443/https://www.hitc.com/en-gb/2022/08/13/who-is-salman-rushdies-wife-inside-his-four-marriages/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=6 unexpected revelations from Padma Lakshmi's memoir that shocked the world |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/lifestyle/celebrity/story/padma-lakshmi-birthday-salman-rushdie-revelations-shocking-marriage-sex-lifest-338515-2016-09-01 |website=India Today |access-date=17 July 2024 |date=1 September 2016}}</ref>

==Early life and education==
Rushdie was born into a [[Kashmiri Muslims|Kashmiri-Muslim]] family on 19 June 1947 in [[Bombay]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.kirjasto.sci.fi/rushdie.htm |title=Salman Rushdie |website=Books and Writers |first=Petri |last=Liukkonen |publisher=[[Kuusankoski]] Public Library |location=Finland |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080113033937/http://www.kirjasto.sci.fi/rushdie.htm |archive-date=13 January 2008 |url-status=dead }}</ref> then in [[British India]], part of the [[British Raj]].<ref name="Kashmiri">[http://www.litencyc.com/php/speople.php?rec=true&UID=3889 ''Literary Encyclopedia'': "Salman Rushdie"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191012011816/https://www.litencyc.com/php/speople.php?rec=true&UID=3889 |date=12 October 2019 }}. Retrieved 20 January 2008</ref> Bombay, known by Mumbai<ref name="BritshC">{{cite web|url=https://literature.britishcouncil.org/writer/salman-rushdie|title=Salman Rushdie – Literature|website=literature.britishcouncil.org|access-date=24 December 2018|archive-date=29 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190829213354/https://literature.britishcouncil.org/writer/salman-rushdie|url-status=live}}</ref> since 1995, is in the present-day [[States and union territories of India|state]] of [[Maharashtra]]. He is the son of Anis Ahmed Rushdie, a [[University of Cambridge|Cambridge]]-educated lawyer-turned-businessman, and Negin Bhatt, a teacher. Rushdie's father was dismissed from the [[Indian Civil Services]] (ICS) after it emerged that the [[birth certificate]] submitted by him had changes to make him appear younger than he was.<ref>{{cite news |title=Revealed after 76 yrs: Rushdie's dad's secret humiliation in London |url=https://mumbaimirror.indiatimes.com/mumbai/cover-story//articleshow/16179053.cms |website=mumbaimirror.indiatimes.com |access-date=13 September 2018 |date=15 December 2014 |archive-date=19 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180619140432/https://mumbaimirror.indiatimes.com/mumbai/cover-story//articleshow/16179053.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> Rushdie has three sisters.<ref name="EmoryUniv">{{YouTube|id=kmb1oQcRmkM&t=10m42s|title=Salman Rushdie Discusses Creativity and Digital Scholarship with Erika Farr}}</ref> Rushdie wrote in his memoir, ''[[Joseph Anton]],'' that his father adopted the name Rushdie in honour of [[Averroes]] (Ibn Rushd). Rushdie recalled his "first literary influence": "When I first saw ''[[The Wizard of Oz]]'' it made a writer of me."<ref>{{cite news| author-link=Robert Coover|first=Robert|last=Coover| title=There's No Place Like Oz| date=15 January 1995| newspaper=The New York Times| url=https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/books/99/04/18/specials/rushdie-eastwest.html?scp=1&sq=east%2520west%2520stories%2520%2520rushdie&st=cse}}</ref> He recalled: "Every child in India in my day (and probably still) was obsessed with [[P. G. Wodehouse]] and [[Agatha Christie]]. I read mountains of books by both."<ref name=":ByTheBook">{{cite news| title=Salman Rushdie: By the Book | date=17 September 2015| work=The New York Times| url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/09/20/books/review/salman-rushdie-by-the-book.html}}</ref> He has his ancestral home built by his grandfather named Anees Villa in [[Solan]], a city in the state of [[Himachal Pradesh]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=The House In Solan That Brought Back Salman Rushdie|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/national/the-house-in-solan-that-brought-back-salman-rushdie-news-220568|website=Outlook India|date=2022-09-02|access-date=2025-12-02|language=en|first=Ashwani|last=Sharma}}</ref>

Rushdie also recalled that "Alice captured my imagination as few other books did: both the books, not just ''[[Alice's Adventures in Wonderland]]'' but ''[[Through the Looking-Glass]]'' as well, and I can still recite the whole of "[[Jabberwocky]]" and "[[The Walrus and the Carpenter]]" from memory. I also loved the ''[[Swallows and Amazons]]'' series by [[Arthur Ransome]] because of the unimaginable freedom those young people sailing in the Lake District were given by their families ... When I was 16, I read ''[[The Lord Of The Rings]]'' and became obsessed, and can still recite the inscription on the Ruling Ring ('One ring to rule them all...') in the dark language of Mordor. I read an astonishing amount of Golden Age science fiction, not just [[Ray Bradbury]], [[Arthur C. Clarke]] and [[Kurt Vonnegut]] but more arcane writers like [[Clifford D. Simak]], [[James Blish]], [[Zenna Henderson]] and [[L. Sprague de Camp]]."<ref>{{cite news| title=What's on Salman Rushdie's reading list?| last=Siganporia| first=Shahnaz| date=4 September 2015| work=Vogue India| url=https://www.vogue.in/content/whats-on-salman-rushdies-reading-list}}</ref> He has written about his family following the Indian custom of kissing holy books if they were dropped on the floor. "But we kissed everything. We kissed dictionaries and atlases. We kissed [[Enid Blyton]] novels and ''[[Superman]]'' comics. If I'd ever dropped the telephone directory I'd probably have kissed that, too."<ref>{{Cite web |title=Always the Outsider |url=https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/books/99/04/18/specials/rushdie-imaginary.html |access-date=5 February 2025 |website=archive.nytimes.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=26 April 1990 |title=Is Nothing Sacred? |url=https://granta.com/is-nothing-sacred/ |access-date=5 February 2025 |website=Granta |language=en-US}}</ref>

While in [[India]], Rushdie was educated at the [[Cathedral and John Connon School]] in [[Fort (Mumbai precinct)|Fort]] in [[South Bombay]]. He [[Indian diaspora#United Kingdom|immigrated to England]] in 1961 and attended [[Rugby School]] in [[Rugby, Warwickshire]]. Rushdie then attended the [[University of Cambridge]] as an [[British undergraduate degree classification|undergraduate]] student at [[King's College, Cambridge|King's College]], where he graduated with a [[Bachelor of Arts]] degree in history in 1968.<ref name="BritshC" />

==Career==
===Copywriter===
Rushdie worked as a [[copywriter]] for the advertising agency [[Ogilvy & Mather]], where he came up with "irresistibubble" for [[Aero (chocolate)|Aero]] and "Naughty but Nice" for cream cakes, and for the agency Ayer Barker (until 1982), for whom he wrote the line "That'll do nicely" for [[American Express]].<ref name=southasiandiaspora>Ravikrishnan, Ashutosh. [http://southasiandiaspora.org/salman-rushdie-midnights-child/ Salman Rushdie's Midnight Child] {{webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20130415232311/http://southasiandiaspora.org/salman-rushdie-midnights-child/ |date=15 April 2013 }}. South Asian Diaspora. 25 July 2012.</ref> Collaborating with musician [[Ronnie Bond]], Rushdie wrote the words for an advertising record on behalf of the now defunct [[Burnley Building Society]] that was recorded at [[Good Earth Studios]], London. The song was called "The Best Dreams" and was sung by [[George Chandler]].<ref name="After the Satanic Verses, the romantic lyrics - Glaister">{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk/1999/jan/22/danglaister|title=After the Satanic Verses, the romantic lyrics|first=Dan|last=Glaister|date=22 January 1999|access-date=24 December 2018|newspaper=The Guardian|archive-date=24 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181224121930/https://www.theguardian.com/uk/1999/jan/22/danglaister|url-status=live}}</ref> It was while at Ogilvy that Rushdie wrote ''Midnight's Children'', before becoming a full-time writer.<ref>"[http://www.contemporarywriters.com/authors/?p=auth87 Salman Rushdie biography] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070501041146/http://www.contemporarywriters.com/authors/?p=auth87 |date=1 May 2007 }}", 2004, British Council. Retrieved 20 January 2008.</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.heraldscotland.com/sport/spl/aberdeen/negative-because-there-is-little-positive-to-say-1.417082|title=Negative because there is little positive to say|newspaper=The Herald|location=Glasgow|first=George|last=Birrell|date=18 January 1997|access-date=9 December 2010|archive-date=16 June 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140616062041/http://www.heraldscotland.com/sport/spl/aberdeen/negative-because-there-is-little-positive-to-say-1.417082|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>[http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/books/article699728.ece "The birth pangs of Midnight's Children"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220706152327/https://www.the-tls.co.uk/ |date=6 July 2022 }}, ''TLS'', 1 April 2006.</ref> Rushdie was a personal friend of [[Angela Carter]]'s, calling her "the first great writer I ever met".<ref>{{cite news| last=Rushdie| first=Salman|date=8 March 1992| title=Angela Carter, 1940–92: A Very Good Wizard, a Very Dear Friend| work=The New York Times| url=https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/books/98/12/27/specials/carter-rushdie.html?_r=1}}</ref><ref name="Burning Your Boats - Carter">{{cite web | last=Rushdie | first=Salman | type=Introduction | title=Full text of "Burning Your Boats The Collected Short Stories Angela Carter" | website=Internet Archive | date=25 March 2023 | url=https://archive.org/stream/BurningYourBoatsTheCollectedShortStoriesAngelaCarter/Burning+Your+Boats_+The+Collected+Short+Stories+of+Angela+Carter_djvu.txt | access-date=4 March 2024}}</ref>

===Literary works===
Rushdie's works are often categorized as [[Postmodernism|postmodern]], particularly within the tradition of [[Magical realism|Magic Realism]]. However, they also reveal early signs of a literary and cultural shift beyond postmodernism. In our contemporary world – saturated with reality TV, talk shows and other forms of pure entertainment – apathy, passivity and inaction have become defining features. [[Jeffrey T. Nealon]] identifies this prevailing sense of disengagement as a hallmark of the post-postmodern condition, which is sometimes referred to as [[metamodernism]]: "we post-postmodern capitalists are trained by our media masters to watch rather than act, consume rather than do."<ref>[[Jeffrey T. Nealon|Nealon, Jeffrey T.]] (2015). "Post-Postmodernism: Or, The Cultural Logic of Just-In-Time Capitalism", ''Supplanting the Postmodern: An Anthology of Writings on the Arts and Culture of the Early 21st Century'', New York and London: Bloomsbury, p. 88.</ref> The overt political tensions of the Cold War era have been replaced by a more insidious, media-driven culture of distraction and spectacle. In response, Rushdie's works blend fantasy with realism to jolt readers out of this stupor, challenging delusions and encouraging renewed critical awareness.

==== Early works and literary breakthrough, 1975–1987 ====
Rushdie's debut, the science fiction tale ''[[Grimus]]'' (1975), was generally ignored by the public and literary critics. His next novel, ''[[Midnight's Children]]'' (1981), put him on the map. It follows the life of Saleem Sinai, born at the stroke of midnight as India gained its independence, who is endowed with special powers and a connection to other children born at the [[History of the Republic of India|birth of the modern nation of India]]. Sinai has been compared to Rushdie.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/Review/One_more_bouquet_for_Saleem_Sinai/articleshow/3254751.cms|title=One more bouquet for Saleem Sinai|first=Nina|last=Martyris|newspaper=The Times of India|date=20 July 2008|quote=Saleem is not Salman (although he marries a Padma) and Saleem's grandfather Dr Aadam Aziz is not him either, but there is a touching prescience at work here. In the opening pages of Midnight's Children, Dr Aziz while bending down on his prayer mat, bumps his nose on a hard tussock of earth. His nose bleeds and his eyes water and he decides then and there that never again will he bow before God or man. "This decision, however, made a hole in him, a vacancy in a vital inner chamber, leaving him vulnerable to women and history." Battered by a fatwa and one femme fatale too many, Salman would have some understanding of this.|access-date=7 November 2008|archive-date=12 January 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090112235447/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/Review/One_more_bouquet_for_Saleem_Sinai/articleshow/3254751.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> However, Rushdie refuted the idea of having written any of his characters as autobiographical, stating, "People assume that because certain things in the character are drawn from your own experience, it just becomes you. In that sense, I've never felt that I've written an autobiographical character."<ref name=Meer>{{cite journal|last1=Meer|first1=Ameena|title=Interview: Salman Rushdie|journal=[[Bomb (magazine)|Bomb]]|date=1989|volume=27|issue=Spring|url=http://bombmagazine.org/article/1199/|access-date=22 March 2015|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402111324/http://bombmagazine.org/article/1199/|archive-date=2 April 2015}}</ref> Rushdie writes of his "debt to the oral narrative traditions of India and also to the great novelists [[Jane Austen]] and [[Charles Dickens]]—Austen for her portraits of brilliant women caged by the social convention of their time, women whose Indian counterparts I knew well; Dickens for his great, rotting, Bombay-like city, and his ability to root his larger-than-life characters and surrealist imagery in a sharply observed, almost hyperrealistic background."<ref>{{cite book| last=Rushdie| first=Salman| title=Midnight's Children| page=xi}}</ref>

Shortly after its publication, [[V. S. Pritchett]] wrote: "In Salman Rushdie, the author of ''Midnight's Children'', India has produced a glittering novelist—one with startling imaginative and intellectual resources, a master of perpetual storytelling. Like [[Gabriel García Marquez|García Marquez]] in ''[[One Hundred Years of Solitude]]'', he weaves a whole people's capacity for carrying its inherited myths—and new ones that it goes on generating—into a kind of magic carpet. The human swarm swarms in every man and woman as they make their bid for life and vanish into the passion or hallucination that hangs about them like the smell of India itself. Yet at the same time there are strange Western echoes, of the irony of [[Laurence Sterne|Sterne]] in ''[[The Life and Opinions of Tristram Shandy, Gentleman|Tristram Shandy]]''—that early nonlinear writer—in Rushdie's readiness to tease by breaking off or digressing at the gravest moments. This is very odd in an Indian novel! The book is really about the mystery of being born and the puzzle of who one is."<ref>{{cite magazine| first=V. S. |last=Pritchett| magazine=[[The New Yorker]]| title=Salman Rushdie's Fantastical Tour de Force| date=19 July 1981| url=https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/1981/07/27/two-novels}}</ref> ''Midnight's Children'' won the 1981 [[Booker Prize]] and, in 1993 and 2008, the [[The Best of the Booker|Best of the Bookers]] and Booker of Bookers special prizes.<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.themanbookerprize.com/news/stories/1099 |title = Readers across the world agree that Salman Rushdie's Midnight's Children is the Best of the Booker. |year = 2008 |access-date = 10 July 2008 |publisher = Man Booker Prizes |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20081011052625/http://www.themanbookerprize.com/news/stories/1099 |archive-date = 11 October 2008 |df = dmy-all}}</ref>

After ''Midnight's Children'', Rushdie depicted the political turmoil in [[Pakistan]] with ''[[Shame (Rushdie novel)|Shame]]'' (1983), basing his characters on [[Zulfikar Ali Bhutto]] and General [[Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq]]. ''Shame'' won France's ''[[Prix du Meilleur Livre Étranger]]'' (Best Foreign Book) and was a close runner-up for the Booker Prize. Both these works of [[postcolonial literature]] are characterised by a style of [[magic realism]] and the immigrant outlook that Rushdie is very conscious of as a member of the [[Kashmiri diaspora]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=20 June 2011 |title=Rushdie Special |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/rushdie-special/cid/1663176 |access-date=15 June 2024 |website=The Telegraph Online}}</ref>

Rushdie wrote a non-fiction book about [[Nicaragua]] in 1987 called ''[[The Jaguar Smile]]''. This book has a political focus and is based on his first-hand experiences and research at the scene of [[Sandinista]] political experiments. He became interested in Nicaragua after he had been a neighbour of [[Hope Portocarrero|Madame Somoza]], wife of the former Nicaraguan dictator, and his son Zafar was born around the time of the Nicaraguan revolution.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KIllAAAAIBAJ&dq=salman+rushdie+hope+somoza&pg=PA20&article_id=246,2829822|title=Salman Rushdie in Nicaragua: A rendezvous with revolution|first=Seetha|last=Kumar|work=The Indian Express|date=15 February 1987|access-date=12 August 2022|archive-date=12 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220812180433/https://books.google.com/books?id=KIllAAAAIBAJ&dq=salman+rushdie+hope+somoza&pg=PA20&article_id=246,2829822|url-status=live}}</ref>

==== ''The Satanic Verses'' and ''Haroun and the Sea of Stories'', 1988–1990 ====
His most controversial work, ''[[The Satanic Verses]]'', was published in 1988 and won the [[Whitbread Award]].<ref>{{cite news| title=Controversial Novel Wins Whitbread Literary Prize| date=18 November 1988| work=Deseret News}}</ref> It was followed by ''[[Haroun and the Sea of Stories]]'' (1990). Written in the shadow of the fatwa, it is about the magic of story-telling and an allegorical defence of the power of stories over silence.<ref name="BritshC" />

==== Further works, 1990s–2000s ====
In 1990, Rushdie reviewed [[Thomas Pynchon]]'s ''[[Vineland]]'' in ''[[The New York Times]]'', and offered some droll musings on the author's reclusiveness: "So he wants a private life and no photographs and nobody to know his home address. I can dig it, I can relate to that (but, like, he should try it when it's compulsory instead of a free-choice option)."<ref>{{Cite news| first=Salman |last=Rushdie |date=14 January 1990 |title=Still Crazy After All These Years |work=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/books/97/05/18/reviews/pynchon-vineland.html |access-date=5 January 2023 |archive-date=1 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221101125235/https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/books/97/05/18/reviews/pynchon-vineland.html |url-status=live}}</ref> Rushdie recalls: "I was able to meet the famously invisible man. I had dinner with him at [[Sonny Mehta]]'s apartment in [[Manhattan]] and found him very satisfyingly Pynchonesque. At the end of dinner I thought, well, now we're friends, and maybe we'll see each other from time to time. He never called again."<ref>{{cite news |last=Rushdie |first=Salman |title=Books that made me {{!}} Salman Rushdie: 'I couldn't finish Middlemarch. I know, I know. I'll try again' |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2018/jan/26/salman-rushdie-the-books-that-changed-me |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=26 January 2018}}</ref>

[[File:Salman-Rushdie-1.jpg|thumb|upright|Rushdie presenting his 2005 novel ''[[Shalimar the Clown]]'']]

Rushdie has published many short stories, including those collected in ''[[East, West]]'' (1994). His 1995 novel ''[[The Moor's Last Sigh]]'', a family saga spanning some 100 years of India's history, won the [[Whitbread Award]].<ref>{{cite news| work=[[Publishers Weekly]]| title=The Moor's Last Sigh| url=https://www.publishersweekly.com/9780679744665|date=13 January 1997}}</ref> ''[[The Ground Beneath Her Feet]]'' (1999) is a riff on the myth of [[Orpheus and Eurydice]], casting [[Orpheus]] and [[Eurydice]] as rock stars.<ref>[https://www.salmanrushdie.com/the-ground-beneath-her-feet/ "The Ground Beneath her Feet"] at Salman Rushdie.com. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191011193504/https://www.salmanrushdie.com/the-ground-beneath-er-feet/ |date=11 October 2019 }}.</ref> The book features many original song lyrics; one was the basis for the [[U2]] song "[[The Ground Beneath Her Feet (song)|The Ground Beneath Her Feet]]". Rushdie is credited as the lyricist.<ref name="After the Satanic Verses, the romantic lyrics - Glaister" /> Following ''[[Fury (Rushdie novel)|Fury]]'' (2001), a novel set mainly in New York and avoiding the previous sprawling narrative style that spans generations, periods and places, Rushdie's novel ''[[Shalimar the Clown]]'' (2005), a story about love and betrayal set in [[Kashmir]] and Los Angeles, was hailed as a return to form by a number of critics.<ref name="BritshC" />

In his 2002 non-fiction collection ''Step Across This Line'', he professes his admiration for [[Italo Calvino]] and Pynchon, among others. His early influences included [[Jorge Luis Borges]], [[Mikhail Bulgakov]], [[Lewis Carroll]] and [[Günter Grass]]. When asked who his favorite novelist is, he says: "There are days when it's [[Kafka]], in whose world we all live; others when it's [[Dickens]], for the sheer fecundity of his imagination and the beauty of his prose. But it's probably [[James Joyce|Joyce]] on more days than anyone else."<ref name=":ByTheBook"/>

2008 saw the publication of ''[[The Enchantress of Florence]]'', one of Rushdie's most challenging works that focuses on the past. It tells the story of a European's visit to [[Akbar]]'s court, and his revelation that he is a lost relative of the [[Mughal empire|Mughal]] emperor. The novel was praised by [[Ursula Le Guin]] in a review in ''[[The Guardian]]'' as a "sumptuous mixture of history with fable".<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2008/mar/29/fiction.salmanrushdie|title=The real uses of enchantment|newspaper=The Guardian|first=Ursula K |last=Le Guin|date=29 March 2008|access-date=26 April 2024}}</ref> ''[[Luka and the Fire of Life]]'', a sequel to ''Haroun and the Sea of Stories'', was published in November 2010 to critical acclaim.<ref name="BritshC" /> Earlier that year, he announced that he was writing his memoir, ''[[Joseph Anton: A Memoir]]'', which was published in September 2012.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2010/oct/12/salman-rushdie-fatwa-memoir|title=Salman Rushdie at work on fatwa memoir|first=Benedicte|last=Page|newspaper=The Guardian|date=12 October 2010|access-date=14 September 2012|archive-date=15 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190415202944/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2010/oct/12/salman-rushdie-fatwa-memoir|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2012, Rushdie became one of the first major authors to embrace [[Booktrack]] (a company that synchronises ebooks with customised soundtracks), when he published his short story "[[In the South (short story)|In the South]]" on the platform.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://booktrack.serveronline.net/blog/?p=164|title=Salman Rushdie Collaborates With Booktrack and the New Zealand Symphony Orchestra, Booktrack Launches A New E-reader Platform|publisher=Booktrack|access-date=2 July 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140404115658/http://booktrack.serveronline.net/blog/?p=164|archive-date=4 April 2014}}</ref>

====Later works, novels, and essays, 2015–2025====
2015 saw the publication of ''[[Two Years Eight Months and Twenty-Eight Nights]]'', a modern take on the ''[[One Thousand and One Nights]]''. Based on the conflict of scholar [[Ibn Rushd]] (from whom Rushdie's family name derives), Rushdie explores themes of [[transnationalism]] and [[cosmopolitanism]] by depicting a war of the universe with a supernatural world of [[jinns]]. [[Ursula K. Le Guin]] wrote: "Rushdie is our [[Scheherazade]], inexhaustibly enfolding story within story and unfolding tale after tale with such irrepressible delight that it comes as a shock to remember that, like her, he has lived the life of a storyteller in immediate peril. Scheherazade told her 1,001 tales to put off a stupid, cruel threat of death; Rushdie found himself under similar threat for telling an unwelcome tale. So far, like her, he has succeeded in escaping. May he continue to do so."<ref name="LeGuin 2015 Rushdie ">{{cite news | first=Ursula K. |last=Le Guin | title=Two Years, Eight Months and Twenty‑Eight Nights by Salman Rushdie review – a modern Arabian Nights | newspaper=The Guardian | date=4 September 2015 | url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2015/sep/04/two-years-eight-months-and-twenty-eight-nights-salman-rushdie-review | access-date=4 March 2024}}</ref>

In 2017, ''[[The Golden House (novel)|The Golden House]]'', a satirical novel set in contemporary America, was published. 2019 saw the publication of ''[[Quichotte (novel)|Quichotte]]'', a modern retelling of ''[[Don Quixote]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.scmp.com/magazines/post-magazine/books/article/3023936/salman-rushdies-quichotte-brings-cervantes-epic-don |title=Salman Rushdie's Quichotte brings Cervantes' epic Don Quixote into the modern age |last=Kidd |first=James |date=24 August 2019 |website=[[South China Morning Post]] |access-date=22 August 2022 |archive-date=17 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220817181154/https://www.scmp.com/magazines/post-magazine/books/article/3023936/salman-rushdies-quichotte-brings-cervantes-epic-don |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2021 ''[[Languages of Truth]]'', a collection of essays written between 2003 and 2020, was published.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/616882/languages-of-truth-by-salman-rushdie/ |title=Languages of Truth by Salman Rushdie |publisher=Penguin Random House |access-date=26 May 2021 |archive-date=8 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211008100922/https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/616882/languages-of-truth-by-salman-rushdie/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Rushdie's fifteenth novel ''[[Victory City]]'', described as an epic tale of a woman who breathes a fantastical empire into existence, was published in February 2023.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/673660/victory-city-by-salman-rushdie/ |title=Victory City by Salman Rushdie |publisher=Penguin Random House |access-date=16 November 2023 |archive-date=27 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230927115649/https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/673660/victory-city-by-salman-rushdie/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The book was Rushdie's first released work after he was [[Stabbing of Salman Rushdie|attacked and severely injured]] as he was about to give a public lecture in New York in 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Gruber |first=Fiona |date=8 February 2023 |title=Salman Rushdie's new novel is a tale of power, exile and steely defiance |url=https://www.theage.com.au/culture/books/salman-rushdie-s-new-novel-is-a-tale-of-power-exile-and-steely-defiance-20230206-p5ci6z.html |access-date=14 February 2023 |website=The Age |language=en |archive-date=13 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230213215519/https://www.theage.com.au/culture/books/salman-rushdie-s-new-novel-is-a-tale-of-power-exile-and-steely-defiance-20230206-p5ci6z.html |url-status=live }}</ref> In April 2024, his autobiographical book ''[[Knife: Meditations After an Attempted Murder]]'', in which Rushdie writes about the attack and his recovery, was published;<ref name="GuardApr24Blake">{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2024/apr/15/knife-by-salman-rushdie-review-a-story-of-hatred-defeated-by-love|title=Knife by Salman Rushdie review – a story of hatred defeated by love|last=Morrison|first=Blake|author-link=Blake Morrison|date=15 April 2024|newspaper=The Guardian|access-date=16 April 2024}}</ref> ''Knife'' was a finalist for the 2024 [[National Book Award for Nonfiction]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Salman Rushdie, Percival Everett and Miranda July are National Book Award finalists |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/ap-salman-rushdie-new-york-mark-twain-james-b2622007.html |access-date=30 July 2025 |magazine=The Independent|first= Hillel|last=Italie|date=1 October 2024}}</ref>
''[[The Eleventh Hour (Rushdie)|The Eleventh Hour]]'', a collection of five stories, was released in late 2025.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Power |first1=Kevin |title=''The Eleventh Hour'' by Salman Rushdie – a haunting coda to a groundbreaking career |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2025/oct/28/the-eleventh-hour-by-salman-rushdie-a-haunting-coda-to-a-groundbreaking-career |work=The Guardian |date=29 October 2025}}</ref>

===Critical reception===
Rushdie has had a string of commercially successful and critically acclaimed novels. His works have been shortlisted for the [[Booker Prize]] five times, in 1981 for ''[[Midnight's Children]]'', 1983 for [[Shame (Rushdie novel)|''Shame'']], 1988 for ''[[The Satanic Verses]]'', 1995 for ''[[The Moor's Last Sigh]]'', and in 2019 for [[Quichotte (novel)|''Quichotte'']].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.booksandpublishing.com.au/articles/2019/09/04/138599/booker-prize-2019-shortlist-announced/|title=Booker Prize 2019 shortlist announced|date=4 September 2019|website=Books+Publishing|language=en-AU|access-date=6 September 2019|archive-date=6 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190906071059/https://www.booksandpublishing.com.au/articles/2019/09/04/138599/booker-prize-2019-shortlist-announced/|url-status=live}}</ref> In 1981, he was awarded the prize.<ref name="Children">{{cite news|last1=Jordison|first1=Sam|title=Midnight's Children is the right winner|url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/booksblog/2008/jul/10/bestofbooker|work=The Guardian|date=10 July 2008|access-date=25 November 2019|archive-date=4 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190404015749/https://www.theguardian.com/books/booksblog/2008/jul/10/bestofbooker|url-status=live}}</ref> His 2005 novel ''[[Shalimar the Clown]]'' received the prestigious [[Hutch Crossword Book Award]], and, in the UK, was a finalist for the [[Whitbread Book Awards]]. It was shortlisted for the 2007 [[International Dublin Literary Award]].<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.impacdublinaward.ie/2007/shortlist.htm | title=The 2007 Shortlist | year=2007 | access-date=5 April 2007 | publisher=Dublin City Public Libraries/International IMPAC Dublin Literary Award | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070429175834/http://www.impacdublinaward.ie/2007/shortlist.htm | archive-date=29 April 2007 | df=dmy-all }}</ref> Rushdie's works have spawned 30 book-length studies and more than 700 articles on his writing.<ref name="BritshC" /> He is frequently mentioned a favourite to win the [[Nobel Prize in Literature]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2022/oct/04/salman-rushdie-among-favourites-for-this-years-nobel-prize-for-literature |title=Salman Rushdie among favourites for this year's Nobel prize for literature |newspaper=The Guardian|first=Sarah|last=Shaffi |date=4 October 2022 |access-date=13 November 2022 |archive-date=13 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221113121554/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2022/oct/04/salman-rushdie-among-favourites-for-this-years-nobel-prize-for-literature |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine |url=https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2022/09/05/its-time-for-salman-rushdies-nobel-prize |title=It's time for Salman Rushdie's Nobel prize |magazine=The New Yorker |date=5 September 2022 |access-date=13 November 2022 |archive-date=13 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221113153420/https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2022/09/05/its-time-for-salman-rushdies-nobel-prize |url-status=live }}</ref>

===Academic and other activities===
Rushdie has mentored younger Indian (and ethnic-Indian) writers, influenced an entire generation of [[Indo-Anglian]] writers, and is an influential writer in [[postcolonial literature]] in general.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.csulb.edu/~bhfinney/SalmanRushdie.html |title=Demonizing Discourse in Salman Rushdie's The Satanic Verses |first=Brian|last=Finney |date=1998 |website=[[California State University, Long Beach]] |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20000829042338/http://www.csulb.edu/~bhfinney/SalmanRushdie.html |archive-date=29 August 2000}}</ref> He opposed the British government's introduction of the [[Racial and Religious Hatred Act 2006|''Racial and Religious Hatred Act'']], something he writes about in his contribution to ''Free Expression Is No Offence'', a collection of essays by several writers, published by [[Penguin Group|Penguin]] in November 2005.

[[File:Sir Ahmed Salman Rushdie.jpg|thumb|left|Rushdie having a discussion with [[Emory University]] students in February 2008]]Rushdie was the President of [[PEN American Center]] from 2004 to 2006 and founder of the [[PEN World Voices]] Festival.<ref>{{cite news|last=Rohter|first=Larry|author-link=Larry Rohter|date=7 May 2012|title=Rushdie Brings PEN Festival to Close|work=The New York Times|url=http://artsbeat.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/05/07/rushdie-brings-pen-festival-to-close/|access-date=6 August 2012|archive-date=16 June 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120616144053/http://artsbeat.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/05/07/rushdie-brings-pen-festival-to-close/|url-status=live}}</ref> At the [[Emory University]] of [[Atlanta]], Georgia, he was [[Artist-in-residence|Distinguished Writer in Residence]] in the English Department from 2006 to 2011 and [[Distinguished professor|University Distinguished Professor]] until 2015; he has also deposited his archives there.<ref>{{cite web|date=6 October 2006|title=Salman Rushdie to Teach and Place His Archive at Emory University|url=http://news.emory.edu/Releases/RushdieProfessorship1160159900.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061206005645/http://news.emory.edu/Releases/RushdieProfessorship1160159900.html|archive-date=6 December 2006|access-date=26 March 2012|publisher=Emory University Office of Media Relations}}</ref> In May 2008, Rushdie was elected a Foreign Honorary Member of the [[American Academy of Arts and Letters]].<ref>[http://www.artsandletters.org/academicians2.php Academicians Database] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120504085720/http://www.artsandletters.org/academicians2.php|date=4 May 2012}}, American Academy of Arts and Letters. Retrieved 26 March 2012.</ref> In 2014, he taught a seminar on British Literature and served as the 2015 keynote speaker<ref>{{cite web|url=https://news.emory.edu/stories/2015/05/er_commencement_rushdie_interview/campus.html|first=Kimber|last=Williams|website=Emory Report|title=Rushdie reflects on more than a decade of Emory experiences|date=7 May 2015|access-date=22 October 2019|archive-date=22 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191022211650/https://news.emory.edu/stories/2015/05/er_commencement_rushdie_interview/campus.html|url-status=live}}</ref> In September 2015, he joined the [[New York University]] Journalism Faculty as a Distinguished Writer in Residence.<ref>{{cite web|date=5 March 2015|title=New Distinguished Writer in Residence: Salman Rushdie|url=https://journalism.nyu.edu/about-us/news-post/2015/03/05/new-distinguished-writer-in-residence-salman-rushdie/|access-date=24 December 2018|website=NYU Journalism|archive-date=24 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181224121916/https://journalism.nyu.edu/about-us/news-post/2015/03/05/new-distinguished-writer-in-residence-salman-rushdie/|url-status=live}}</ref>

Rushdie is a member of the advisory board of [[The Lunchbox Fund]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thelunchboxfund.org/|title=The Lunchbox Fund|website=thelunchboxfund.org|access-date=5 September 2021|archive-date=6 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210906163434/https://www.thelunchboxfund.org/|url-status=live}}</ref> a non-profit organisation that provides daily meals to students of township schools in [[Soweto]] of South Africa. He is a member of the advisory board of the [[Secular Coalition for America]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://secular.org/profile/salman-rushdie/|title=Salman Rushdie|website=Secular Coalition for America|access-date=31 October 2021|archive-date=31 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211031111921/https://secular.org/profile/salman-rushdie/|url-status=live}}</ref> an advocacy group representing the interests of atheistic and humanistic Americans in Washington, D.C., and a patron of [[Humanists UK]] (formerly the British Humanist Association). He is a laureate of the [[International Academy of Humanism]].<ref name="bha2017">{{cite web|title=Salman Rushdie Author and Patron of the BHA|url=https://humanism.org.uk/about/our-people/patrons/Salman-Rushdie/|access-date=7 March 2017|website=British Humanist Association|archive-date=8 March 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170308044337/https://humanism.org.uk/about/our-people/patrons/Salman-Rushdie/|url-status=live}}</ref> In November 2010 he became a founding patron of [[Ralston College]], a new liberal arts college that has adopted as its motto a Latin translation of a phrase ("free speech is life itself") from an address he gave at [[Columbia University]] in 1991 to mark the 200th anniversary of the [[First Amendment to the United States Constitution]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Collegium Ralstonianum apud Savannenses – Home|url=http://www.ralston.ac|access-date=11 November 2012|publisher=Ralston.ac|archive-date=16 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190416012053/https://www.ralston.ac/|url-status=live}}</ref>

===Film and television===
[[File:9.21.14WritersLifePanelByLuigiNovi18.jpg|thumb|Rushdie, right, with writers [[Catherine Lacey (author)|Catherine Lacey]] and [[Siri Hustvedt]] at the 2014 [[Brooklyn Book Festival]]]]Though he enjoys writing, Rushdie says he would have become an actor if his writing career had not been successful. From early childhood, he dreamed of appearing in Hollywood films (which he later realised in his frequent cameo appearances).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Salman Rushdie |url=http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0750723/ |access-date=27 August 2022 |website=IMDb |archive-date=20 November 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111120164504/http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0750723/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

Rushdie includes fictional television and movie characters in some of his writings. He had a [[cameo appearance]] in the film ''[[Bridget Jones's Diary]]'' based on the [[Bridget Jones's Diary (novel)|book of the same name]], which is itself full of literary in-jokes. On 12 May 2006, Rushdie was a guest host on ''[[The Charlie Rose Show]]'', where he interviewed [[Indo-Canadian]] filmmaker [[Deepa Mehta]], whose 2005 film ''[[Water (2005 film)|Water]]'' faced violent protests. He appears in the role of [[Helen Hunt]]'s [[obstetrics and gynaecology|obstetrician-gynaecologist]] in the film adaptation (Hunt's directorial debut) of [[Elinor Lipman]]'s novel ''[[Then She Found Me]]''. In September 2008, and again in March 2009, he appeared as a panellist on the HBO programme ''[[Real Time with Bill Maher]]''. Rushdie has said that he was approached for a cameo in ''[[Talladega Nights]]'': "They had this idea, just one shot in which three very, very unlikely people were seen as [[NASCAR]] drivers. And I think they approached [[Julian Schnabel]], [[Lou Reed]], and me. We were all supposed to be wearing the uniforms and the helmet, walking in slow motion with the heat haze." In the end, their schedules did not allow for it.<ref>{{cite web|title=Salman Rushdie: 'The curse of an interesting life'|date=27 March 2013 |url=http://the-talks.com/interviews/salman-rushdie/|publisher=The Talks|access-date=5 April 2013|archive-date=1 April 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130401055210/http://the-talks.com/interviews/salman-rushdie/|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2009, Rushdie signed a petition in support of film director [[Roman Polanski]], calling for his release after Polanski was arrested in Switzerland in relation to his [[Roman Polanski sexual abuse case|1977 charge]] for drugging and raping a 13-year-old girl.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://laregledujeu.org/2009/11/10/479/signez-la-petition-pour-roman-polanski/ |title=Signez la pétition pour Roman Polanski! |trans-title=Sign the petition for Roman Polanski! |date=10 November 2009 |website=La Règle du jeu |language=fr |access-date=29 August 2021 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20210829153459/https://laregledujeu.org/2009/11/10/479/signez-la-petition-pour-roman-polanski/ |archive-date=29 August 2021 }}</ref>

Rushdie collaborated on the screenplay for the cinematic adaptation of his novel ''Midnight's Children'' with director [[Deepa Mehta]]. The film was also called ''[[Midnight's Children (film)|Midnight's Children]]''.<ref name=visits>{{cite news |url=http://movies.indiatimes.com/International/Rushdie-visits-Mumbai-for-Midnights-Children-film-/articleshow/5432895.cms |title=Rushdie visits Mumbai for 'Midnight's Children' film |work=The Times of India |date=11 January 2010 |access-date=13 March 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100114151659/http://movies.indiatimes.com/International/Rushdie-visits-Mumbai-for-Midnights-Children-film-/articleshow/5432895.cms |archive-date=14 January 2010 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|first=Subhash K.|last=Jha |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/news-interviews/Im-a-film-buff-Rushdie/articleshow/5436509.cms |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110811030544/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2010-01-13/news-interviews/28121143_1_deepa-mehta-bt-midnight-s-children |url-status=live |archive-date=11 August 2011 |title=I'm a film buff: Rushdie |date=13 January 2010 |work=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=13 March 2010}}</ref> [[Seema Biswas]], [[Shabana Azmi]], [[Nandita Das]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/Dreaming-of-Midnight-s-Children/563437/ |title=Dreaming of Midnight's Children |work=The Indian Express |date=5 January 2010 |access-date=13 March 2010 |archive-date=8 May 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110508024643/http://www.indianexpress.com/news/Dreaming-of-Midnight-s-Children/563437/ |url-status=live }}</ref> and [[Irrfan Khan]] participated in the film.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/Irrfan-moves-from-Mira-Nair-to-Deepa-Mehta/H1-Article1-499416.aspx |title=Irrfan moves from Mira Nair to Deepa Mehta |work=Hindustan Times |date=20 January 2010 |access-date=13 March 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100304213538/http://www.hindustantimes.com/Irrfan-moves-from-Mira-Nair-to-Deepa-Mehta/H1-Article1-499416.aspx |archive-date=4 March 2010 }}</ref> Production began in September 2010;<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/interviewscinema/T-te-t-te-with-Deepa-Mehta/493632/H1-Article1-493584.aspx |title=Tête-à-tête with Deepa Mehta |work=Hindustan Times |date=4 January 2010 |access-date=13 March 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100312235349/http://www.hindustantimes.com/interviewscinema/T-te-t-te-with-Deepa-Mehta/493632/H1-Article1-493584.aspx |archive-date=12 March 2010 }}</ref> the film was released in 2012.

Rushdie announced in June 2011 that he had written the first draft of a script for a new television series for the US cable network [[Showtime (TV channel)|Showtime]], a project on which he will also serve as an executive producer. The new series, to be called ''The Next People'', will be, according to Rushdie, "a sort of paranoid science-fiction series, people disappearing and being replaced by other people." The idea of a television series was suggested by his US agents, said Rushdie, who felt that television would allow him more creative control than feature film. ''The Next People'' is being made by the British film production company [[Working Title]], the firm behind projects including ''[[Four Weddings and a Funeral]]'' and ''[[Shaun of the Dead]]''.<ref>{{cite news|title=Salman Rushdie says TV drama series have taken the place of novels|url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2011/jun/12/salman-rushdie-write-tv-drama|newspaper=The Guardian|date=12 June 2011|access-date=11 June 2011|last=Thorpe|first=Vanessa|location=London|archive-date=26 December 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131226104900/http://www.theguardian.com/books/2011/jun/12/salman-rushdie-write-tv-drama|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2017, Rushdie appeared as himself in episode 3 of season 9 of ''[[Curb Your Enthusiasm]]'',<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hbo.com/curb-your-enthusiasm/season-9|title=Curb Your Enthusiasm – Season 9|website=HBO|access-date=26 December 2017|archive-date=27 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171227235450/https://www.hbo.com/curb-your-enthusiasm/season-9|url-status=live}}</ref> sharing scenes with [[Larry David]] to offer advice on how Larry should deal with the ''fatwa'' that has been ordered against him.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/tv/tv-news/curb-your-enthusiasm-salman-rushdie-inspiring-larry-davids-fatwa-1045630/ | title=Salman Rushdie on Inspiring the New Season of 'Curb Your Enthusiasm' | website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]] | date=4 October 2017 | access-date=12 August 2022 | archive-date=26 January 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220126180611/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/tv/tv-news/curb-your-enthusiasm-salman-rushdie-inspiring-larry-davids-fatwa-1045630/ | url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/tv/tv-news/curb-your-enthusiasm-larry-davids-fatwa-salman-rushdies-cameo-1049316/ | title=How 'Curb Your Enthusiasm' Kept Salman Rushdie's Fatwa Cameo a Secret | website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]] | date=17 October 2017 | access-date=12 August 2022 | archive-date=26 January 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220126104733/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/tv/tv-news/curb-your-enthusiasm-larry-davids-fatwa-salman-rushdies-cameo-1049316/ | url-status=live }}</ref>

==''The Satanic Verses'' and the ''fatwa''{{anchor|Satanic Verses and the fatwa}}==
{{Further|Satanic Verses controversy{{!}}''Satanic Verses'' controversy}}

The publication of ''[[The Satanic Verses]]'' by [[Viking Press|Viking Penguin Publishing]] in September 1988 caused immediate controversy in the [[Islamic world]] because of what was seen by some to be an irreverent [[depictions of prophet Muhammad|depiction of prophet Muhammad]]. The title refers to a disputed [[hadith|Muslim tradition]] that is referenced in the book. According to this tradition, prophet Muhammad ([[Mahound]] in the book) added verses (''[[Ayah]]'') to the [[Quran]] accepting three Arabian pagan goddesses who were worshiped in [[Mecca]] as divine beings. According to the legend, Muhammad later revoked the verses, saying [[the devil]] tempted him to utter these lines to appease the Meccans (hence the "Satanic" verses). However, the narrator reveals to the reader that these disputed verses were actually from the mouth of the [[Archangel Gabriel]]. The [[banned books|book was banned]] in many countries with large Muslim communities, including India, Iran, Bangladesh, Sudan, South Africa, Sri Lanka, Kenya, Thailand, Tanzania, Indonesia, Singapore, Venezuela, and Pakistan. In total, 20 countries banned the book.<ref name="foroutan-nbc-2022"/>

In response to the protests, on 22 January 1989, Rushdie published a column in ''[[The Observer]]'' that called Muhammad "one of the great geniuses of world history," but noted that Islamic doctrine holds Muhammad to be human, and in no way perfect. He held that the novel is not "an anti-religious novel. It is, however, an attempt to write about migration, its stresses and transformations."<ref name=Observer>{{cite news|last1=Rushdie|first1=Salman|title=Choice between light and dark|work=[[The Observer]]|date=22 January 1989}}</ref>

On 14 February 1989—[[Valentine's Day]], and also the day of his close friend [[Bruce Chatwin]]'s funeral—a ''[[fatwa]]'' ordering Rushdie's execution was proclaimed on [[Radio Tehran]] by [[Ayatollah]] [[Khomeini]], the [[Supreme leader of Iran]] at the time, calling the book "[[blasphemous]] against Islam". Chapter IV of the book depicts the character of an [[Imamah (Shi'a doctrine)|Imam]] in exile who returns to incite revolt from the people of his country with no regard for their safety. According to Khomeini's son, his father never read the book.<ref>{{Cite magazine |date=14 August 2022 |title=Ayatollah Khomeini Never Read Salman Rushdie's Book |url=https://www.newyorker.com/news/daily-comment/ayatollah-khomeini-never-read-salman-rushdies-book |access-date=14 August 2022 |magazine=The New Yorker |language=en-US |archive-date=14 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220814200317/https://www.newyorker.com/news/daily-comment/ayatollah-khomeini-never-read-salman-rushdies-book |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Iranian external operations|A bounty was offered for Rushdie's death]],<ref name="independent.co.uk">{{cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/salman-rushdie-iranian-state-media-renew-fatwa-on-satanic-verses-author-with-600000-bounty-a6887141.html|title=Iranian state media has put a $600,000 bounty on Salman Rushdie's head|first=Samuel|last=Osborne|date=21 February 2016|website=The Independent|access-date=24 December 2018|archive-date=29 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170929090017/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/salman-rushdie-iranian-state-media-renew-fatwa-on-satanic-verses-author-with-600000-bounty-a6887141.html|url-status=live}}</ref> and he was thus forced to live under police protection for several years.<ref name="independent.co.uk"/> On 7 March 1989, the United Kingdom and [[Iran]] broke [[Iran – United Kingdom relations|diplomatic]] relations over the Rushdie controversy.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1989/03/08/world/iran-breaks-off-relations-with-britian.html|title=Iran Breaks Off Relations With Britain|first1=Sheila|last1=Rule|newspaper=The New York Times|date=8 March 1989|access-date=24 January 2019|archive-date=25 May 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150525113255/https://www.nytimes.com/1989/03/08/world/iran-breaks-off-relations-with-britian.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

In 1989, ''[[The New York Times]]'' published "Words For Salman Rushdie": "28 distinguished writers born in 21 countries speak to him from their common land – the country of literature. For expressing their ideas publicly in the past many of these writers have suffered censorship, exile – forced or self-imposed – and imprisonment." [[Czesław Miłosz]] wrote: "I have particular reasons to defend your rights, Mr. Rushdie. My books have been forbidden in many countries or have had whole passages censored out. I'm grateful to people who stood then by the principle of free expression, and I back you now in my turn." [[Ralph Ellison]]: "You deserve the full and passionate solidarity of any man of dignity, but I am afraid this is too little. This story of a man alone against worldwide intolerance, and of a book alone against the craziness of the media, can become the story of many others. The bell tolls for all of us." [[Umberto Eco]]: "Keep to your convictions. Try to protect yourself. A death sentence is a rather harsh review." [[Anita Desai]]: "Silence, exile and cunning, yes. And courage."<ref>{{Cite news |date=12 March 1989 |title=Words for Salman Rushdie |newspaper=The New York Times |url=https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/books/99/04/18/specials/rushdie-words.html?_r=1&oref=slogin |access-date=4 April 2023 |archive-date=4 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230404010037/https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/books/99/04/18/specials/rushdie-words.html?_r=1&oref=slogin |url-status=live }}</ref>

[[Christopher Hitchens]] recalled: "When the ''[[Washington Post]]'' telephoned me on Valentine's Day 1989 to ask for my opinion about the Ayatollah Khomeini's ''fatwah'', I felt at once here was something that completely committed me. It was, if I can phrase it like this, a matter of everything I hated versus everything I loved. In the hate column: dictatorship, religion, stupidity, demagogy, censorship, bullying, and intimidation. In the love column: literature, irony, humour, the individual, and the defense of free expression. Plus, of course, friendship–although I'd like to think my response would have been the same even if I hadn't known Salman at all. To re-state the premise of the argument again: the theocratic head of a foreign despotism offers money in his own name in order to suborn the murder of a civilian of another country, for the offense of writing a work of fiction. No more root-and-branch challenge to the values of [[the Enlightenment]] (on the bicentennial of the [[fall of the Bastille]]), or to the [[First Amendment to the Constitution]], could be imagined."<ref>{{cite book| last=Hitchens| first=Christopher| title=[[Hitch-22]]| page=268}}</ref> Rushdie wrote: "I have often been asked if Christopher defended me because he was my close friend. The truth is that he became my close friend because he wanted to defend me ... He and I found ourselves describing our ideas, without conferring, in almost identical terms. I began to understand that while I had not chosen the battle it was at least the right battle, because in it everything that I loved and valued (literature, freedom, irreverence, freedom, irreligion, freedom) was ranged against everything I detested (fanaticism, violence, bigotry, humorlessness, philistinism, and the new offense culture of the age). Then I read Christopher using exactly the same everything-he-loved-versus-everything-he-hated trope, and felt … understood."<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Rushdie |first=Salman |date=6 January 2012 |title=Salman Rushdie on the Wonder of Christopher Hitchens |url=https://www.vanityfair.com/culture/2012/02/rushdie-on-hitchens-201202 |access-date=8 April 2025 |magazine=Vanity Fair |language=en-US}}</ref>

In 1993, 100 writers and intellectuals from the Muslim world, including [[Adonis (poet)|Adonis]], [[Mohammed Arkoun]], [[Mahmoud Darwish]], [[Amin Maalouf]] and [[Edward Said]] expressed solidarity in the collection ''For Rushdie''. [[Naguib Mahfouz]] wrote: "The veritable terrorism of which he is a target is unjustifiable, indefensible. One idea can only be opposed by other ideas. Even if the punishment is carried out, the idea as well as the book will remain." [[Tahar Ben Jelloun]] wrote that the fatwa was "intolerable, inadmissible and has nothing to do with the tolerant Islam that I was taught" and threatened "the ability to create characters and develop them in the space and time chosen by the writer." [[Rabah Belamri]] wrote "A society that refuses to question itself, that denies artists and thinkers the right to raise doubts, that dares not laugh at itself, has no hope of prospering." The composer [[Ahmed Essyad]] wrote a piece of music dedicated "To Salman Rushdie, so that, as an artist, he can write what I disagree with." Rushdie expressed gratitude for "anthology of blows struck in the fight against obscurantism and fanaticism" by "the most gifted, the most learned, the most important voices of the Muslim and Arab world, gathered together to subject my work and the furor surrounding it to so brilliant, so many-sided, so judicious an examination."<ref>{{cite news| last=Ridding| first=Alan| title=Muslim Thinkers Rally for Rushdie| date=4 November 1993| work=The New York Times| url=https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/books/99/04/18/specials/rushdie-rally.html?scp=56&sq=edward%2520said&st=cse}}</ref>

When, on [[BBC Radio 4]], he was asked for a response to the threat, Rushdie said, "Frankly, I wish I had written a more critical book," and "I'm very sad that it should have happened. It's not true that this book is a blasphemy against Islam. I doubt very much that Khomeini or anyone else in Iran has read the book or more than selected extracts out of context."<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/1989/feb/15/salmanrushdie|title=Rushdie in hiding after Ayatollah's death threat|first=Peter|last=Murtagh|newspaper=The Guardian |date=15 February 1989|access-date=24 December 2018|via=www.theguardian.com|archive-date=20 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181120221045/https://www.theguardian.com/books/1989/feb/15/salmanrushdie|url-status=live}}</ref> Later, he wrote that he was "proud, then and always", of that statement; while he did not feel his book was especially critical of Islam, "a religion whose leaders behaved in this way could probably use a little criticism."<ref>{{cite magazine|last=Rushdie|first=Salman|title=The Disappeared|date=10 September 2012|url=http://www.newyorker.com/reporting/2012/09/17/120917fa_fact_rushdie|magazine=[[The New Yorker]] |issue=17 September 2012|page= 50|access-date=16 September 2012|archive-date=1 July 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140701140621/http://www.newyorker.com/reporting/2012/09/17/120917fa_fact_rushdie|url-status=live}}</ref>

The publication of the book and the ''fatwa'' sparked violence around the world, with bookstores firebombed.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2018/sep/29/satanic-verses-sowed-seeds-of-rift-grown-ever-wider|title=The Satanic Verses sowed the seeds of rifts that have grown ever wider – Kenan Malik|first=Kenan|last=Malik|newspaper=The Observer |date=29 September 2018|access-date=24 December 2018|via=www.theguardian.com|archive-date=3 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181203221040/https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2018/sep/29/satanic-verses-sowed-seeds-of-rift-grown-ever-wider|url-status=live}}</ref> Muslim communities in several nations in the West held public rallies, [[Book burning|burning]] copies of the book.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2018/oct/07/satanic-verses-salman-rushdie-low-point|title=The Satanic Verses affair marked a low point for politicians – Letters|newspaper=The Observer |date=7 October 2018|access-date=24 December 2018|via=www.theguardian.com|archive-date=7 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181207084729/https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2018/oct/07/satanic-verses-salman-rushdie-low-point|url-status=live}}</ref> Several people associated with translating or publishing the book were attacked, seriously injured, and even killed.{{efn|See [[Hitoshi Igarashi]], [[Ettore Capriolo]], [[William Nygaard]].}} Many more people died in riots in some countries. Despite the danger posed by the fatwa, Rushdie made a public appearance at London's [[Wembley Stadium (1923)|Wembley Stadium]] on 11 August 1993, during a [[Zoo TV Tour|concert by U2]]. In 2010, U2 bassist [[Adam Clayton]] recalled that "lead vocalist Bono had been calling Salman Rushdie from the stage every night on the Zoo TV tour. When we played Wembley, Salman showed up in person and the stadium erupted. You [could] tell from [drummer] Larry Mullen, Jr.'s face that we weren't expecting it. Salman was a regular visitor after that. He had a backstage pass and he used it as often as possible. For a man who was supposed to be in hiding, it was remarkably easy to see him around the place."<ref>{{cite news|title=Stairway to Devon − OK, Somerset!|work=Q|date=July 2010|page=101|author=U2|author-link=U2}}</ref>

On 24 September 1998, as a precondition to the restoration of diplomatic relations with the UK, the Iranian government, then headed by [[Mohammad Khatami]], gave a public commitment that it would "neither support nor hinder assassination operations on Rushdie."<ref name="Tomb">{{cite news|date=8 June 2005|title=Tomb of the unknown assassin reveals mission to kill Rushdie|first=Anthony|last= Loyd|url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/article531110.ece|work=The Times |location=London|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100601171205/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/article531110.ece|archive-date=1 June 2010 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/december/26/newsid_2542000/2542873.stm|publisher=BBC News: On This Day|title=26 December 1990: Iranian leader upholds Rushdie fatwa|access-date=10 October 2006|date=26 December 1990|archive-date=7 April 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120407120528/http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/december/26/newsid_2542000/2542873.stm|url-status=live}}</ref> Hardliners in Iran have continued to reaffirm the death sentence.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.meforum.org/article/1002|publisher=The Middle East Forum: Promoting American Interests|title=Can Iran Be Trusted?|last=Rubin|first=Michael|date=1 September 2006|access-date=10 October 2006|archive-date=26 October 2006|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061026203104/http://www.meforum.org/article/1002|url-status=live}}</ref> In early 2005, Khomeini's ''fatwa'' was reaffirmed by Iran's then-current leader, [[Ayatollah Ali Khamenei]], in a message to Muslim pilgrims making the [[Hajj|annual pilgrimage]] to [[Mecca]].<ref name="webster-bbc">{{cite news |url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/uk/article414681.ece|work=The Times |title=Ayatollah revives the death fatwa on Salman Rushdie|last1=Webster|first1=Philip|author1-link=Philip Webster|last2=Hoyle|first2=Ben|last3=Navai|first3=Ramita|author3-link=Ramita Navai|date=20 January 2005|access-date=10 October 2006|location=London |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070303071409/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/uk/article414681.ece |archive-date=3 March 2007}}</ref> Additionally, the [[Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps|Revolutionary Guards]] declared that the death sentence on him is still valid.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/4260599.stm |work=BBC News |title=Iran adamant over Rushdie fatwa|date=12 February 2005|access-date=10 October 2006 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060206020617/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/4260599.stm|archive-date=6 February 2006}}</ref>

Rushdie has reported that he still receives a "sort of [[Valentine's Day|Valentine]]'s card" from Iran each year on 14 February letting him know the country has not forgotten the vow to kill him and has jokingly referred to it as "[[My Funny Valentine|my unfunny Valentine]]".<ref>{{cite magazine |url=http://www.newyorker.com/magazine/1999/02/15/my-unfunny-valentine |magazine=[[The New Yorker]] |title=My Unfunny Valentine |first=Salman |last=Rushdie |date=15 February 1999 |access-date=7 November 2017 |archive-date=1 August 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170801072423/http://www.newyorker.com/magazine/1999/02/15/my-unfunny-valentine |url-status=live }}</ref> He said: "It's reached the point where it's a piece of rhetoric rather than a real threat."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/thscrip/print.pl?file=2007021501382200.htm&date=2007/02/15/&prd=th&date=2007/02/15/&prd=th&|title=Rushdie's term|website=[[The Hindu]]|access-date=15 February 2007}}</ref> Despite the threats on Rushdie personally, he said that his family has never been threatened, and that his mother, who lived in Pakistan during the later years of her life, even received outpourings of support. Rushdie himself has been prevented from entering Pakistan, however.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.davidcronenberg.de/cr_rushd.htm |title=Cronenberg meets Rushdie: David Cronenberg and Salman Rushdie talk... |magazine=Shift Magazine|date=June–July 1995|url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070403045531/http://www.davidcronenberg.de/cr_rushd.htm |archive-date=3 April 2007 }}</ref>

A former bodyguard to Rushdie, Ron Evans, planned to publish a book recounting the behaviour of the author during the time he was in hiding. Evans said Rushdie tried to profit financially from the ''fatwa'' and was suicidal, but Rushdie dismissed the book as a "bunch of lies" and took legal action against Evans, his co-author and their publisher.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/7538875.stm|title=Rushdie anger at policeman's book|publisher=BBC|date=2 August 2008|access-date=4 January 2010|archive-date=28 April 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090428212041/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/7538875.stm|url-status=live}}</ref> On 26 August 2008, Rushdie received an apology at the High Court in London from all three parties.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/7581842.stm|title=Bodyguard apologises to Rushdie|publisher=BBC|date=26 August 2008|access-date=4 January 2010|archive-date=17 February 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090217223134/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/7581842.stm|url-status=live}}</ref> A memoir of his years of hiding, ''Joseph Anton'', was released on 18 September 2012; "Joseph Anton" was Rushdie's secret alias during the height of the controversy.<ref name="fatwa memoir">{{cite news|newspaper=The Guardian|date=12 April 2012|title=Salman Rushdie reveals details of fatwa memoir|first=Alison|last=Flood|url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2012/apr/12/salman-rushdie-reveals-fatwa-memoir|access-date=27 April 2012|location=London|archive-date=26 December 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131226102636/http://www.theguardian.com/books/2012/apr/12/salman-rushdie-reveals-fatwa-memoir|url-status=live}}</ref>

In February 1997, [[Hassan Sane'i|Ayatollah Hasan Sane'i]], leader of the ''bonyad panzdah-e khordad'' (Fifteenth of Khordad Foundation),
reported that the blood money offered by the foundation for the assassination of Rushdie would be increased from $2 million to $2.5 million.<ref name=buchta>{{cite book|last=Buchta|first=Wilfried|title=Who rules Iran?|year=2000|publisher=The Washington Institute and The Konrad Adenauer|page=6|url=http://www.washingtoninstitute.org/uploads/Documents/pubs/WhoRulesIran.pdf|access-date=11 November 2012|archive-date=24 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190324173725/https://www.washingtoninstitute.org/uploads/Documents/pubs/WhoRulesIran.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> Then a semi-official religious foundation in Iran increased the reward it had offered for the killing of Rushdie from $2.8 million to $3.3 million.<ref>{{cite news|title=Iran adds to reward for Salman Rushdie's death|url=http://www.nypost.com/p/news/international/iran_adds_to_reward_for_salman_rushdie_saVWIyfViyXOr0vgnUEvRK|author=Post Staff Report|date=16 September 2012|access-date=16 September 2012|newspaper=The New York Post|archive-date=19 September 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120919231842/http://www.nypost.com/p/news/international/iran_adds_to_reward_for_salman_rushdie_saVWIyfViyXOr0vgnUEvRK|url-status=live}}</ref>

In November 2015, former Indian minister [[P. Chidambaram]] acknowledged that banning ''The Satanic Verses'' was wrong.<ref>{{cite news|title=Govt's decision to ban Salman Rushdie's 'The Satanic Verses' was wrong, says P Chidambaram|url=http://www.firstpost.com/india/govts-decison-to-ban-salman-rushdies-the-satanic-verses-was-wrong-says-p-chidambaram-2525306.html|date=28 November 2015|access-date=17 October 2016|newspaper=Firstpost|archive-date=22 November 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161122073815/http://www.firstpost.com/india/govts-decison-to-ban-salman-rushdies-the-satanic-verses-was-wrong-says-p-chidambaram-2525306.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-news-india/ban-on-salman-rushdies-book-by-rajiv-gandhi-govt-was-wrong-chidambaram/|title=Rajiv Gandhi govt's ban on Salman Rushdie's 'Satanic Verses' wrong: Chidambaram|date=29 November 2015|newspaper=The Indian Express|access-date=25 October 2016|archive-date=19 October 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161019002419/http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-news-india/ban-on-salman-rushdies-book-by-rajiv-gandhi-govt-was-wrong-chidambaram/|url-status=live}}</ref> In 1998, Iran's former president [[Mohammad Khatami]] proclaimed the fatwa "finished"; but it has never been officially lifted, and in fact has been reiterated several times by Ali Khamenei and other religious officials. Yet more money was added to the bounty in February 2016.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2016/feb/22/salman-rushdie-iranian-media-raise-more-money-for-fatwa|title=Salman Rushdie: Iranian media raise more money for fatwa|first=Sian|last=Cain|newspaper=The Guardian|date=22 February 2016|access-date=13 December 2016|archive-date=24 February 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160224172450/http://www.theguardian.com/books/2016/feb/22/salman-rushdie-iranian-media-raise-more-money-for-fatwa|url-status=live}}</ref>

===Failed assassination attempt (1989)===
On 3 August 1989, while a man using the alias<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/india/first-rushdie-martyr-untold-assassination-plot-revealed/cid/873683 |title=First Rushdie 'martyr' – Untold assassination plot revealed |newspaper=The Telegraph India |date=8 June 2005 |first=Anthony |last=Loyd}}</ref> Mustafa Mahmoud Mazeh was priming a book bomb loaded with [[RDX]] explosives in a hotel in [[Paddington]], Central London, the bomb exploded prematurely, destroying two floors of the hotel and killing Mazeh. A previously unknown Lebanese group, the Organization of the Mujahidin of Islam, said he died preparing an attack "on the [[apostasy in Islam|apostate]] Rushdie". There is a shrine in Tehran's [[Behesht-e Zahra]] cemetery for Mustafa Mahmoud Mazeh that says he was "Martyred in London, 3 August 1989. The first martyr to die on a mission to kill Salman Rushdie." Mazeh's mother was invited to relocate to Iran, and the Islamic World Movement of Martyrs' Commemoration built his shrine in the cemetery that holds thousands of Iranian soldiers slain in the [[Iran–Iraq War]].<ref name="Tomb"/>

=== Translators attacked ===
In 1991 an Italian translator of the book was stabbed but survived. Days later [[Hitoshi Igarashi]], its Japanese translator, was stabbed to death. Two years later its Norwegian publisher, [[William Nygaard]], was shot three times but survived.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thetimes.com/us/news-today/article/salman-rushdie-attack-stabbing-fatwa-7wrnj885d|title=Salman Rushdie thought the nightmare was over but death was stalking him for 36 years|first=Will Pavia|last=Chautauqua|date=22 February 2025|website=www.thetimes.com|accessdate=23 February 2025}}</ref>

=== Hezbollah's comments (2006) ===
During the 2006 [[Jyllands-Posten Muhammad cartoons controversy|''Jyllands-Posten'' Muhammad cartoons controversy]], [[Hezbollah]] leader [[Hassan Nasrallah]] declared that "If there had been a Muslim to carry out Imam Khomeini's ''fatwa'' against the renegade Salman Rushdie, this rabble who insult our Prophet Mohammed in Denmark, Norway and France would not have dared to do so. I am sure there are millions of Muslims who are ready to give their lives to defend our prophet's honour and we have to be ready to do anything for that."<ref>{{cite news|url= http://www.natashatynes.com/newswire/2006/02/hezbollah_killi.html|date=2 February 2006|title=Hezbollah: Rushdie death would stop Prophet insults|agency=Agence France-Presse|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20070807085216/http://www.natashatynes.com/newswire/2006/02/hezbollah_killi.html|archive-date= 7 August 2007|access-date=26 April 2012}}</ref>

===''International Guerillas'' (1990)===
In 1990, soon after the publication of ''The Satanic Verses'', a [[Pakistani film]] entitled ''[[International Gorillay]]'' (''International Guerillas'') was released that depicted Rushdie as a "[[James Bond]]-style villain" plotting to cause the downfall of Pakistan by opening a chain of [[casino]]s and [[disco]]s in the country; he is ultimately killed at the end of the movie. The film was popular with Pakistani audiences, and it "presents Rushdie as a [[John Rambo|Rambo]]-like figure pursued by four Pakistani guerrillas".<ref name="Tamney">{{cite book|title=The Resilience of Conservative Religion: The Case of Popular, Conservative Protestant Congregations|first=Joseph Bernard |last=Tamney|publisher=The Press Syndicate of the University of Cambridge| location=Cambridge, UK|year=2002}}</ref> The [[British Board of Film Classification]] refused to allow it a certificate; "it was felt that the portrayal of Rushdie might qualify as [[criminal libel]], causing a breach of the peace as opposed to merely tarnishing his reputation." This effectively prevented the release of the film in the UK. Two months later, however, Rushdie himself wrote to the board, saying that while he thought the film "a distorted, incompetent piece of trash", he would not sue if it were released. He later said, "If that film had been banned, it would have become the hottest video in town: everyone would have seen it". While the film was a great hit in Pakistan, it went virtually unnoticed elsewhere.<ref name="IGlibel">{{cite web|title=International Guerrillas and Criminal Libel|url=http://www.screenonline.org.uk/film/id/460938/index.html|website=Screenonline|access-date=7 February 2008|archive-date=7 September 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090907202150/http://www.screenonline.org.uk/film/id/460938/index.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

===Al-Qaeda hit list (2010)===
In 2010,<ref>{{cite web|first=Scott|last= Stewart|date=22 July 2010|title=Fanning the Flames of Jihad|url=http://www.stratfor.com/weekly/20100721_fanning_flames_jihad|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130706135755/http://www.stratfor.com/weekly/20100721_fanning_flames_jihad|archive-date=6 July 2013|work=Security Weekly|publisher=Stratfor|quote=Inspire also features a "hit list" that includes the names of people like Westergaard who were involved in the cartoon controversy as well as other targets such as Dutch politician Geert Wilders, who produced the controversial film Fitna in 2008}}</ref> [[Anwar al-Awlaki]] published an Al-Qaeda hit list in [[Inspire (magazine)|''Inspire'' magazine]], including Rushdie along with other figures claimed to have insulted Islam, including [[Ayaan Hirsi Ali]], cartoonist [[Lars Vilks]], and three ''Jyllands-Posten'' staff members: [[Kurt Westergaard]], [[Carsten Juste]], and [[Flemming Rose]].<ref name="thewire2013">{{cite web|first=Dashiell|last=Bennet|date=1 March 2013|title=Look Who's on Al Qaeda's Most-Wanted List|url=http://www.thewire.com/global/2013/03/al-qaeda-most-wanted-list/62673/|work=The Wire|access-date=15 January 2015|archive-date=17 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151117025952/http://www.thewire.com/global/2013/03/al-qaeda-most-wanted-list/62673/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|first=Conal |last=Urquhart|title=Paris Police Say 12 Dead After Shooting at Charlie Hebdo|magazine=Time|url=https://time.com/3657246/paris-charlie-hebdo-shooting/|date=7 January 2015|access-date=15 January 2015|archive-date=22 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151122052445/http://time.com/3657246/paris-charlie-hebdo-shooting/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|first=Victoria|last= Ward|title=Murdered Charlie Hebdo cartoonist was on al Qaeda wanted list|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/france/11330505/Murdered-Charlie-Hebdo-cartoonist-was-on-al-Qaeda-wanted-list.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220111/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/france/11330505/Murdered-Charlie-Hebdo-cartoonist-was-on-al-Qaeda-wanted-list.html |archive-date=11 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|work=The Telegraph|date=7 January 2015}}{{cbignore}}</ref> The list was later expanded to include [[Stéphane "Charb" Charbonnier]], who was [[Charlie Hebdo shooting|murdered in a terror attack on ''Charlie Hebdo'']] in Paris, along with 11 other people. After the attack, Al-Qaeda called for more killings.<ref>{{cite web|first=Lucy |last=Cormack|date=8 January 2015|title=Charlie Hebdo editor Stephane Charbonnier crossed off chilling al-Qaeda hitlist|url=http://www.theage.com.au/world/charlie-hebdo-editor-stephane-charbonnier-crossed-off-chilling-alqaeda-hitlist-20150108-12k97z.html|work=The Age|access-date=15 January 2015|archive-date=11 January 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150111014923/http://www.theage.com.au/world/charlie-hebdo-editor-stephane-charbonnier-crossed-off-chilling-alqaeda-hitlist-20150108-12k97z.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

Rushdie expressed his support for ''Charlie Hebdo'', saying "I stand with ''Charlie Hebdo'', as we all must, to defend the art of satire, which has always been a force for liberty and against tyranny, dishonesty and stupidity ... religious totalitarianism has caused a deadly mutation in the heart of Islam and we see the tragic consequences in Paris today."<ref>''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]''. 7 January 2015. [https://time.com/3657541/charlie-hebdo-paris-terror-attack-salman-rushdie/ salman rushdie response] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220815154922/https://time.com/3657541/charlie-hebdo-paris-terror-attack-salman-rushdie/ |date=15 August 2022 }}</ref> In response to the attack, Rushdie commented on what he perceived as [[victim-blaming]] in the media, stating: "You can dislike ''Charlie Hebdo''.... But the fact that you dislike them has nothing to do with their right to speak. The fact you dislike them certainly doesn't in any way excuse their murder."<ref>{{cite news|first=Wilson|last=Ring|date=15 January 2015|title=Salman Rushdie, threatened over book, defends free speech|url=http://bigstory.ap.org/article/cb016b953bac485cb55b7ac214cecc3a/salman-rushdie-threatened-over-book-defends-free-speech|agency=Associated Press|access-date=15 January 2015|archive-date=24 January 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150124022443/http://bigstory.ap.org/article/cb016b953bac485cb55b7ac214cecc3a/salman-rushdie-threatened-over-book-defends-free-speech|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|first=Jack|last=Thurston|date=15 January 2015|title=After Paris Attacks, Salman Rushdie Defends Absolute Right of Free Speech While in Vermont|url=http://www.necn.com/news/new-england/Salman-Rushdie-Defends-Absolute-Right-of-Free-Speech-in-Vermont-288620891.html|work=NECN|publisher=NBC Universal|access-date=15 January 2015|archive-date=18 January 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150118190652/http://www.necn.com/news/new-england/Salman-Rushdie-Defends-Absolute-Right-of-Free-Speech-in-Vermont-288620891.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

===Jaipur Literature Festival (2012)===
{{main|Jaipur Literature Festival}}
Rushdie was due to appear at the [[Jaipur Literature Festival]] in January 2012 in [[Jaipur, Rajasthan]], India.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://jaipurliteraturefestival.org/program-2011/speakers-2012/#o|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120125234432/http://jaipurliteraturefestival.org/program-2011/speakers-2012|url-status=dead|title=2012 Speakers|archive-date=25 January 2012}}</ref> However, he later cancelled his event appearance, and a further tour of India at the time, citing a possible threat to his life as the primary reason.<ref>{{cite news |url= https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Salman-Rushdie-not-to-attend-Jaipur-Literature-Festival/articleshow/11565622.cms|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20121201171235/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-01-20/india/30646521_1_jaipur-literature-festival-salman-rushdie-satanic-verses|url-status= live|archive-date= 1 December 2012|title=Salman Rushdie not to attend Jaipur Literature Festival|last=Singh|first= Akhilesh Kumar|date=20 January 2012|work= [[The Times of India]]|access-date=20 January 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-india-16644782|title=Salman Rushdie pulls out of Jaipur literature festival|date=20 January 2012|work=BBC News|access-date=20 January 2012|archive-date=20 January 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120120175134/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-india-16644782|url-status=live}}</ref> Several days after, he indicated that state police agencies had lied, to keep him away, when they informed him that paid assassins were being sent to Jaipur to kill him. Police contended that they were afraid Rushdie would read from the banned ''The Satanic Verses'', and that the threat was real, considering imminent protests by Muslim organizations.<ref name=virtual_rushdie_unwelcome/>

Meanwhile, Indian authors [[Ruchir Joshi]], [[Jeet Thayil]], [[Hari Kunzru]] and [[Amitava Kumar]] abruptly left the festival, and Jaipur, after reading excerpts from Rushdie's banned novel at the festival. The four were urged to leave by organizers as there was a real possibility they would be arrested.<ref>{{cite news|url= https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/jaipur/Salman-Rushdie-shadow-on-Jaipur-Literature-Festival-4-authors-who-read-from-The-Satanic-Verses-sent-packing/articleshow/11595228.cms|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120205203714/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-01-23/jaipur/30655383_1_jaipur-literature-festival-hari-kunzru-organizers|url-status= live|archive-date= 5 February 2012|title= Salman Rushdie shadow on Jaipur Literature Festival: 4 authors who read from 'The Satanic Verses' sent packing|last=Singh|first= Akhilesh Kumar |author2=Chowdhury, Shreya Roy |date=23 January 2012|work= [[The Times of India]]|access-date=23 January 2012}}</ref>

A proposed video link session between Rushdie and the Jaipur Literature Festival was also cancelled at the last minute<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/01/25/books/rushdies-video-talk-is-canceled-at-india-literature-festival.html|title=Rushdie's Video Talk Is Canceled at India Literature Festival|last=Gill|first=Nikhila|date=24 January 2012|work=The New York Times|access-date=6 December 2014|archive-date=14 December 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141214183749/http://www.nytimes.com/2012/01/25/books/rushdies-video-talk-is-canceled-at-india-literature-festival.html|url-status=live}}</ref> after the government pressured the festival to stop it.<ref name=virtual_rushdie_unwelcome>{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/jaipur/Jaipur-Literature-Festival-Even-a-virtual-Rushdie-is-unwelcome-for-Rajasthan-govt/articleshow/11609354.cms|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130116101750/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-01-24/jaipur/30658450_1_rushdie-video-video-link-satanic-verses|url-status=live|archive-date=16 January 2013|title= Jaipur Literature Festival: Even a virtual Rushdie is unwelcome for Rajasthan govt|last= Singh|first=Akhilesh Kumar|date=24 January 2012|work=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=24 January 2012}}</ref> Rushdie returned to India to address a conference in New Delhi on 16 March 2012.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-india-17349023|work=BBC News|title=Salman Rushdie to be a 'presence' at India conference|date=13 March 2012|access-date=21 June 2018|archive-date=14 January 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190114170754/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-india-17349023|url-status=live}}</ref>

===2022 murder attempt===
{{Main|Stabbing of Salman Rushdie}}
On 12 August 2022, while about to start a lecture at the [[Chautauqua Institution]] in [[Chautauqua, New York|Chautauqua]], New York, Rushdie was attacked by a man who rushed onto the stage and stabbed him repeatedly, including in the face, neck and abdomen.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |last1=Root |first1=Jay |last2=Gelles |first2=David |last3=Harris |first3=Elizabeth A. |last4=Jacobs |first4=Julia |date=12 August 2022 |title=Salman Rushdie on Ventilator Hours After Being Stabbed in Western New York |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/live/2022/08/12/nyregion/salman-rushdie-stabbed-new-york |access-date=13 August 2022 |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=12 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220812163021/https://www.nytimes.com/live/2022/08/12/nyregion/salman-rushdie-stabbed-new-york |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Who is Hadi Matar? Everything we know about Salman Rushdie's alleged attacker {{!}} Fox News |url=https://www.foxnews.com/us/hadi-matar-everything-we-know-salman-rushdies-alleged-attacker.amp |access-date=12 January 2024 |website=www.foxnews.com}}</ref> The attacker was pulled away before being taken into custody by a [[New York State Police|state trooper]]; Rushdie was airlifted to [[UPMC Hamot]], a tertiary trauma center in [[Erie, Pennsylvania]], where he underwent surgery before being put on a ventilator.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite news |last1=Singh |first1=Kanishka |last2=Allen |first2=Jonathan |date=13 August 2022 |title=Salman Rushdie on ventilator after New York stabbing |language=en |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/us/author-salman-rushdie-attacked-stage-event-new-york-sky-news-2022-08-12/ |access-date=13 August 2022 |archive-date=12 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220812170728/https://www.reuters.com/world/us/author-salman-rushdie-attacked-stage-event-new-york-sky-news-2022-08-12/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

Security measures at UPMC Hamot were increased due to the potential threat of further attempts on his life. This included 24-hour protection with a security officer outside his room and searches being performed upon entry into the hospital. The suspect was identified as 24-year-old [[Hadi Matar]] of [[Fairview, New Jersey]].<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{cite news|last=Vargas|first=Ramon Antonio|date=12 August 2022|title=Police identify Salman Rushdie attack suspect as 24-year-old from New Jersey|url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2022/aug/12/salman-rushdie-attack-suspect-identified-hadi-matar|access-date=14 August 2022|work=The Guardian|language=en|archive-date=13 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220813012719/https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2022/aug/12/salman-rushdie-attack-suspect-identified-hadi-matar|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Singh|first1=Kanishka|last2=Allen|first2=Jonathan|date=12 August 2022|title=Salman Rushdie is stabbed in the neck at a New York lecture|language=en|publisher=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/us/author-salman-rushdie-attacked-stage-event-new-york-sky-news-2022-08-12/|url-status=live|access-date=14 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220812170728/https://www.reuters.com/world/us/author-salman-rushdie-attacked-stage-event-new-york-sky-news-2022-08-12/|archive-date=12 August 2022}}</ref> Later in the day, Rushdie's agent, [[Andrew Wylie (literary agent)|Andrew Wylie]], confirmed that Rushdie had received stab injuries to the liver and hand, and that he might lose an eye.<ref>{{cite news |title=Salman Rushdie: Author on ventilator and unable to speak, agent says |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-us-canada-62528689 |work=BBC News |date=13 August 2022 |access-date=13 August 2022 |archive-date=13 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220813000655/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-us-canada-62528689 |url-status=live }}</ref> A day later, Rushdie was taken off the ventilator and was able to speak.<ref name="AP Off Ventilator">{{cite news|url=https://apnews.com/article/salman-rushdie-on-ventilator-after-new-york-stabbing-5ea54212d71b95569ed85df7b0fb5fea|title=Agent: Rushdie off ventilator and talking, day after attack|publisher=AP News|first1=Carolyn|last1=Thompson|first2=Hillel|last2=Italie|date=14 August 2022|access-date=14 August 2022|archive-date=13 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220813205627/https://apnews.com/article/salman-rushdie-on-ventilator-after-new-york-stabbing-5ea54212d71b95569ed85df7b0fb5fea|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=14 August 2022 |title=Salman Rushdie is off ventilator and able to talk, agent says |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2022/aug/14/salman-rushdie-is-off-ventilator-and-able-to-talk-agent-says |access-date=14 August 2022 |newspaper=The Guardian |language=en |archive-date=14 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220814020814/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2022/aug/14/salman-rushdie-is-off-ventilator-and-able-to-talk-agent-says |url-status=live }}</ref>

On 23 October 2022, Wylie reported that Rushdie had lost sight in one eye and the use of one hand but survived the murder attempt.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Altares |first=Guillermo |date=22 October 2022 |title=Andrew Wylie, 'The Jackal' of books: 'Amazon is like ISIS; it takes no prisoners' |url=https://english.elpais.com/culture/2022-10-22/andrew-wylie-the-jackal-of-books-amazon-is-like-isis-it-takes-no-prisoners.html |access-date=24 October 2022 |website=EL PAÍS English Edition |language=en-us |archive-date=23 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221023235335/https://english.elpais.com/culture/2022-10-22/andrew-wylie-the-jackal-of-books-amazon-is-like-isis-it-takes-no-prisoners.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Jones 2022">{{cite news | last=Jones | first=Sam | title=Salman Rushdie has lost sight in one eye and use of one hand, says agent | newspaper=The Guardian | date=23 October 2022 | url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2022/oct/23/salman-rushdie-has-lost-sight-in-one-eye-and-use-of-one-hand-says-agent | access-date=23 October 2022 | archive-date=18 June 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230618060655/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2022/oct/23/salman-rushdie-has-lost-sight-in-one-eye-and-use-of-one-hand-says-agent | url-status=live }}</ref> Rushdie's memoir about the attack, ''[[Knife: Meditations After an Attempted Murder]]'', was published in April 2024.<ref name="Wagner">{{Cite news |last=Wagner |first=Erica |date=15 April 2024 |title=Review: Salman Rushdie's memoir is horrific, upsetting – and a masterpiece |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/books/non-fiction/knife-review-salman-rushdie-new-book-horrific-masterpiece/ |access-date=16 April 2024 |work=The Telegraph |language=en-GB |issn=0307-1235}}</ref> It hit number one in the Sunday Times Bestsellers List in the General hardbacks category.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Times |first=The Sunday |date=28 April 2024 |title=The Sunday Times Bestsellers List — the UK's definitive book chart |newspaper=[[The Times]] |url=https://www.thetimes.com/article/sunday-times-bestsellers-list-book-sales-chart-fnxjm0bnl |access-date=28 April 2024 |language=en |issn=0140-0460}}</ref> In the memoir, Rushdie engages in fictional conversations with the assailant, who is referred to as 'A.'<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sathian |first=Sanjena |date=16 April 2024 |title=Salman Rushdie Did Not Want to Write This Book |url=https://www.vulture.com/article/salman-rushdie-knife-book-review.html |access-date=27 April 2024 |website=Vulture |language=en}}</ref>

The jury selection for the trial was originally scheduled to begin on 8 January 2024. However, Matar's lawyer successfully petitioned to delay the trial, arguing that they are entitled to see the memoir and any related materials before Matar stands trial, as the documents constitute evidence.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Creamer |first=Ella |date=4 January 2024 |title=Trial of Salman Rushdie's attacker postponed because of author's memoir |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2024/jan/04/trial-of-salman-rushdies-attacker-postponed-because-of-authors-memoir |access-date=27 April 2024 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref>

Rushdie recalled experiencing a vivid dream of being stabbed in an ancient [[Roman amphitheatre]] two days before the actual stabbing occurred. The intensity of the dream caused him to consider canceling the event until he eventually decided on attending.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Gross |first1=Terry |title=Two nights before the attack, Salman Rushdie dreamed he was stabbed onstage |url=https://www.npr.org/2024/04/16/1244847366/salman-rushdie-knife |website=NPR|date=16 April 2024 }}</ref>

In February 2025, the attacker, Hadi Matar, was found guilty of attempted murder and assault in connection with the stabbing.<ref>{{cite news |title=Attacker Convicted in Salman Rushdie Stabbing Case |url=https://citizennewsdaily.com/attacker-convicted-in-salman-rushdie-stabbing-case/ |access-date=22 February 2025 |work=Citizen News Daily |date=February 2025}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=21 February 2025 |title=Salman Rushdie attacker found guilty of attempted murder and assault |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/crkn4m0ym32o |access-date=7 April 2025 |website=www.bbc.com |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Vargas |first=Ramon Antonio |date=21 February 2025 |title=Man found guilty of attempted murder in Salman Rushdie stabbing trial |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2025/feb/21/salman-rushdie-stabbing-trial |access-date=7 April 2025 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Fadulu |first=Lola |date=21 February 2025 |title=Man Who Stabbed Salman Rushdie Is Found Guilty of Attempted Murder |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2025/02/21/nyregion/salman-rushdie-hadi-matar-verdict.html |access-date=7 April 2025 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> In May 2025, Matar was sentenced to 25 years in prison for the attack.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Crane |first=Emily |date=16 May 2025 |title=Salman Rushdie's attacker Hadi Matar sentenced for horrific stabbing |url=https://nypost.com/2025/05/16/us-news/salman-rushdies-attacker-hadi-matar-sentenced-for-horrific-stabbing/ |access-date=16 May 2025 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=16 May 2025 |title=Salman Rushdie attacker sentenced to 25 years in prison |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cp85kg527p9o |access-date=16 May 2025 |website=www.bbc.com |language=en-GB}}</ref>

==Awards, honours, and recognition==
Rushdie has received many plaudits for his writings, including the European Union's [[Aristeion Prize]] for Literature, the [[Premio Grinzane Cavour]] (Italy), and the Writer of the Year Award in Germany, and many of literature's highest honours.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/Review/One_more_bouquet_for_Saleem_Sinai/articleshow/3254751.cms|title=One more bouquet for Saleem Sinai|first=Nina|last=Martyris|newspaper=The Times of India|date=20 July 2008|access-date=7 November 2008|archive-date=12 January 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090112235447/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/Review/One_more_bouquet_for_Saleem_Sinai/articleshow/3254751.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>

Awards and honours include:
* [[Austrian State Prize for European Literature]] (1993)<ref>{{cite web|title=Salman Rushdie: Kennedy Center|url=https://www.kennedy-center.org/artists/r/ro-rz/salman-rushdie/|access-date=14 August 2022|archive-date=16 November 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231116183904/https://www.kennedy-center.org/artists/r/ro-rz/salman-rushdie/|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[Booker Prize]] (1981)<ref>{{cite web|title=Salman Rushdie: The Booker Prizes|date=19 June 1947|url=https://thebookerprizes.com/the-booker-library/authors/salman-rushdie|access-date=14 August 2022|archive-date=6 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220906052716/https://thebookerprizes.com/the-booker-library/authors/salman-rushdie|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[Doctor Honoris Causa]] (Dr.h.c.) from the [[University of Liège]], Belgium (1999)<ref>{{YouTube |lr_Rku7tl7Q |Salman Rushdie}}</ref>
*[[Golden PEN Award]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Golden Pen Award|url=http://www.englishpen.org/prizes/golden-pen-award-for-a-lifetimes-distinguished-service-to-literature|access-date=3 December 2012|publisher=[[English PEN]]|archive-date=21 November 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121121020544/http://www.englishpen.org/prizes/golden-pen-award-for-a-lifetimes-distinguished-service-to-literature/|url-status=live}}</ref>
*[[Hans Christian Andersen Literature Award]] (2014)<ref name="politiken">{{cite news|date=12 June 2013|title=Salman Rushdie får dansk litteraturpris på halv million|language=da|trans-title=Salman Rushdie receives the Danish literature prize of a half-million|newspaper=[[Politiken]]|url=http://politiken.dk/kultur/boger/ECE1995354/salman-rushdie-faar-dansk-litteraturpris-paa-halv-million/|access-date=12 June 2013|archive-date=16 June 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130616035140/http://politiken.dk/kultur/boger/ECE1995354/salman-rushdie-faar-dansk-litteraturpris-paa-halv-million/|url-status=live}}</ref>
* Honorary degree of [[Doctor of Humane Letters]] (L.H.D.) from [[Indiana University]] (2018)<ref>{{cite web|title=University Honors & Awards, Indiana University website|url=https://honorsandawards.iu.edu/awards/honoree/8433.html#:~:text=In%202018%2C%20Indiana%20University%20awarded,Humanities%20Festival%20held%20in%20Bloomington.|access-date=13 August 2022|archive-date=13 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220813190249/https://honorsandawards.iu.edu/awards/honoree/8433.html#:~:text=In%202018%2C%20Indiana%20University%20awarded,Humanities%20Festival%20held%20in%20Bloomington.|url-status=live}}</ref>
* Honorary degree of [[Doctor of Letters]] (Litt.D.) from [[Emory University]] (2015)<ref>{{cite news|first=Janel|last=Davis|date=16 February 2015|title=The Atlanta Journal-Constitution: Author Salman Rushdie to deliver Emory commencement May 11|newspaper=The Atlanta Journal-Constitution|url=https://www.ajc.com/news/local-education/author-salman-rushdie-deliver-emory-commencement-may/OSUMu2jL6xJw0A4wSb84WK/|access-date=14 August 2022|archive-date=12 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220812163630/https://www.ajc.com/news/local-education/author-salman-rushdie-deliver-emory-commencement-may/OSUMu2jL6xJw0A4wSb84WK/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>[https://secretary.emory.edu/meet_the_secretary/honorary_degrees/_includes/documents/sections/recipients/honorary-degrees-recipients.pdf Chronological Listing of Honorary Degree Recipients, Emory University, 1846 – present] – website [[Emory University]]</ref>
* [[James Joyce Award]] from [[University College Dublin]] (2008)<ref>{{cite news|title=Salman Rushdie honoured at UCD, The Irish Times website|newspaper=[[The Irish Times]]|url=https://www.irishtimes.com/news/salmon-rushdie-honoured-at-ucd-1.829881|access-date=14 August 2022|archive-date=11 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221011165930/https://www.irishtimes.com/news/salmon-rushdie-honoured-at-ucd-1.829881|url-status=live}}</ref>
* Outstanding Lifetime Achievement in Cultural Humanism from [[Harvard University]] (2007)<ref>{{cite web|first=Greg|last=Epstein|author-link=Greg Epstein|date=20 April 2007|title=HNN #18: Salman Rushdie & Cultural Humanism|url=http://thehumanist.com/multimedia/podcast/hnn-18-salman-rushdie-cultural-humanism|access-date=9 October 2015|publisher=[[American Humanist Association]] and the Humanist Chaplaincy of Harvard University|archive-date=22 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150922021132/http://thehumanist.com/multimedia/podcast/hnn-18-salman-rushdie-cultural-humanism|url-status=live}}</ref>
*[[PEN Pinter Prize]] (UK)<ref>{{cite web|date=19 June 2014|title=Salman Rushdie awarded the 2014 PEN/Pinter Prize|website=[[English PEN]]|url=http://www.englishpen.org/salman-rushdie-awarded-the-2014-pen-pinter-prize/|access-date=19 June 2014|archive-date=23 June 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140623151659/http://www.englishpen.org/salman-rushdie-awarded-the-2014-pen-pinter-prize/|url-status=live}}</ref>
*[[St. Louis Literary Award]] from the [[Saint Louis University (United States)|Saint Louis University]] Library Associates<ref>{{cite web|title=Saint Louis Literary Award – Saint Louis University|url=http://www.slu.edu/libraries/associates/award.html|access-date=24 December 2018|website=www.slu.edu|archive-date=23 August 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160823003924/http://www.slu.edu/libraries/associates/award.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>
*Swiss Freethinkers Award 2019<ref>{{cite web|title=Salman Rushdie and Barbara Miller to receive Swiss Freethinker Award 2019|url=https://free-thought.ch/news/2019-11-07/salman-rushdie-and-barbara-miller-receive-swiss-freethinker-award-2019|access-date=18 November 2019|website=free-thought.ch|date=7 November 2019 |language=en|archive-date=12 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191112152233/https://free-thought.ch/news/2019-11-07/salman-rushdie-and-barbara-miller-receive-swiss-freethinker-award-2019|url-status=live}}</ref>
*Champion of Writers Award from Authors Guild Foundation in 2025<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Authors Guild Foundation Gala |url=https://authorsguild.org/foundation/gala/ |access-date=11 April 2025 |website=The Authors Guild |language=en-US}}</ref>
*2025 Ambassador Richard C. Holbrooke Distinguished Achievement Award, one of the [[Dayton Literary Peace Prize]]s.<ref>{{Cite web |title=2025 Awards – Dayton Literary Peace Prize |url=https://www.daytonliterarypeaceprize.org/2025-awards/ |access-date=15 November 2025 |language=en}}</ref>

===Knighthood===
{{main|Salman Rushdie knighthood controversy}}
Rushdie was [[Knight Bachelor|knighted]] for services to literature in the [[2007 Birthday Honours|Queen's Birthday Honours]] on 16 June 2007. He remarked: "I am thrilled and humbled to receive this great honour, and am very grateful that my work has been recognised in this way."<ref>{{cite news |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/6756149.stm |work=BBC News |title=15 June 2007 Rushdie knighted in honours list |access-date=16 June 2007 |date=15 June 2007 |archive-date=23 August 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070823004356/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/6756149.stm |url-status=live }}</ref> In response to his knighthood, many nations with Muslim majorities protested. Parliamentarians of several of these countries condemned the action, and Iran and Pakistan called in their British envoys to protest formally. Controversial condemnation issued by Pakistan's Religious Affairs Minister [[Muhammad Ijaz-ul-Haq]] was in turn rebuffed by former Prime Minister [[Benazir Bhutto]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/2193993/Salman-Rushdie-is-knighted-by-the-Queen.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220111/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/2193993/Salman-Rushdie-is-knighted-by-the-Queen.html |archive-date=11 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|title=Salman Rushdie is knighted by the Queen|last=Pierce|first=Andrew|work=Telegraph.co.uk|date=25 June 2008| access-date=23 May 2017|language=en}}{{cbignore}}</ref> Several called publicly for his death. Some non-Muslims expressed disappointment at Rushdie's knighthood, claiming that the writer did not merit such an honour and there were several other writers who deserved the knighthood more than Rushdie.<ref>"Sir Rubbish: Does Rushdie Deserve a Knighthood", ''Times Higher Education Supplement'', 20 June 2007.</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/06/20/world/asia/20iht-rushdie.1.6228425.html|title=Protests spread to Malaysia over knighthood for Salman Rushdie|date=20 June 2007|work=The New York Times|access-date=23 May 2017|issn=0362-4331|archive-date=22 June 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110622074115/http://www.nytimes.com/2007/06/20/world/asia/20iht-rushdie.1.6228425.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

[[Al-Qaeda]] condemned the Rushdie honour. The group's then-leader, [[Ayman al-Zawahiri]], was quoted as saying in an audio recording that the UK's award for Rushdie was "an insult to Islam", and it was planning "a very precise response".<ref>{{cite news |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/6289110.stm |work=BBC News |title=10 July 2007 Al-Qaeda condemns Rushdie honour |access-date=10 July 2007 |date=10 July 2007 |archive-date=28 August 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170828020137/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/6289110.stm |url-status=live }}</ref>

When asked if the knighthood was an insult to Muslims, [[Christopher Hitchens]] answered: "''Midnight's Children'' did not just win the Booker, and Salman did not just later win the Booker of Bookers, ''Midnight's Children'' won the main literary award in Iran, people tend to forget. When the fatwa was issued against him by a senile theocratic dictator who had run his own country into beggary and bankruptcy and misery, every Arab and Muslim writer worthy of the name, all signed, and wrote in a book for Salman, we identify our cause with you, and your struggle with free expression in our culture. If you say that Muslims are being offended by this, and you lump them all together, you immediately grant that they are in fact represented by the most extreme, homicidal, fanatical, illiterate, intolerant people who not only haven't read this book, but couldn't read it. And that's an insult to Islam!"<ref>{{cite web| title=When Christopher Hitchens Vigilantly Defended Salman Rushdie After the Fatwah: 'It Was a Matter of Everything I Loved'| website=Open Culture| url=https://www.openculture.com/2022/08/when-christopher-hitchens-vigilantly-defended-salman-rushdie-after-the-fatwah-it-was-a-matter-of-everything-i-hated-versus-everything-i-loved.html|date=16 August 2022}}</ref> Rushdie was appointed a Member of the [[Order of the Companions of Honour]] (CH) in the [[2022 Birthday Honours]] for services to literature.<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=63714|supp=y|page=B6|date=1 June 2022}}</ref>

==Religious and political beliefs==
===Religious background===
Rushdie came from a [[liberal Muslim]] family,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.biography.com/people/salman-rushdie-39245|title=Salman Rushdie|website=Biography.com|language=en-us|access-date=11 October 2017|archive-date=12 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171012044134/https://www.biography.com/people/salman-rushdie-39245|url-status=live}}</ref> but he is an [[atheist]]. In a 2006 interview with [[PBS]], Rushdie called himself a "hardline atheist".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.pbs.org/moyers/faithandreason/print/faithandreason101_print.html|title=Bill Moyers on Faith & Reason – Bill Moyers and Salman Rushdie|date=23 June 2006|website=[[PBS]]|access-date=11 September 2017|archive-date=13 October 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071013154432/https://www.pbs.org/moyers/faithandreason/print/faithandreason101_print.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

In 1989, in an interview following the ''fatwa'', Rushdie said that he was in a sense a lapsed Muslim, though "shaped by Muslim culture more than any other," and a student of Islam.<ref name = Meer/> In another interview the same year, he said: "My point of view is that of a secular human being. I do not believe in supernatural entities, whether Christian, Jewish, Muslim or Hindu."<ref>{{cite news|title=Fact, faith and fiction|work=[[Far Eastern Economic Review]]|date=2 March 1989|page=11}}</ref>

In December 1990, Rushdie issued a statement reaffirming his Muslim faith, distancing himself from statements made by characters in ''Satanic Verses'' that cast aspersions on Islam or Prophet Mohammad, and opposing the release of the paperback edition of the novel.<ref>{{cite news |last=Hedges |first=Chris |title=Rushdie Seeks to Mend His Rift With Islam |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1990/12/25/books/rushdie-seeks-to-mend-his-rift-with-islam.html |access-date=26 June 2023 |work=The New York Times |date=25 December 1990 |archive-date=26 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230626213338/https://www.nytimes.com/1990/12/25/books/rushdie-seeks-to-mend-his-rift-with-islam.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Later, in 1992, he cited the release of the statement as perhaps his lowest point, regretting its language, which he said he had not written.<ref>{{cite news |last=Kamen |first=Al |title=In 1992, Salman Rushdie wasn't sure he'd ever be safe |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/books/2022/08/15/salman-rushdie-in-hiding/ |access-date=26 June 2023 |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |date=15 August 2022 |archive-date=15 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220815194136/https://www.washingtonpost.com/books/2022/08/15/salman-rushdie-in-hiding/ |url-status=live}}</ref>

Rushdie advocates the application of [[higher criticism]], pioneered during the late 19th century. In a guest opinion piece printed in ''[[The Washington Post]]'' and ''[[The Times]]'' in mid-August 2005, Rushdie called for a reform in Islam.<ref>[http://www.timesonline.co.uk/article/0,,1072-1729998,00.html "Muslims unite! A new Reformation will bring your faith into the modern era"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080112015156/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/article/0,,1072-1729998,00.html |date=12 January 2008 }}, ''The Times'', 11 August 2005.</ref>

{{blockquote|What is needed is a move beyond tradition, nothing less than a reform movement to bring the core concepts of Islam into the modern age, a Muslim Reformation to combat not only the jihadist ideologues but also the dusty, stifling seminaries of the traditionalists, throwing open the windows to let in much-needed fresh air. ... It is high time, for starters, that Muslims were able to study the revelation of their religion as an event inside history, not supernaturally above it. ... Broad-mindedness is related to tolerance; open-mindedness is the sibling of peace.|author=Salman Rushdie|source="Muslims unite! A new Reformation will bring your faith into the modern era"}}

Rushdie is a critic of moral and [[cultural relativism]]. In an interview with [[Point of Inquiry]] in 2006, he described his view as follows:<ref>{{cite web|title=Salman Rushdie – Secular Values, Human Rights and Islamism|url=http://www.pointofinquiry.org/salman_rushdie_secular_values_human_rights_and_islamism/|access-date=11 October 2006|publisher=Point of Inquiry|archive-date=12 January 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080112091143/http://www.pointofinquiry.org/salman_rushdie_secular_values_human_rights_and_islamism|url-status=live}}</ref>

{{blockquote|We need all of us, whatever our background, to constantly examine the stories inside which and with which we live. We all live in stories, so called grand narratives. Nation is a story. Family is a story. Religion is a story. Community is a story. We all live within and with these narratives. And it seems to me that a definition of any living vibrant society is that you constantly question those stories. That you constantly argue about the stories. In fact the arguing never stops. The argument itself is freedom. It's not that you come to a conclusion about it. And through that argument you change your mind sometimes.… And that's how societies grow. When you can't retell for yourself the stories of your life then you live in a prison.… Somebody else controls the story.… Now it seems to me that we have to say that a problem in contemporary Islam is the inability to re-examine the ground narrative of the religion.… The fact that in Islam it is very difficult to do this, makes it difficult to think new thoughts.|author=|title=|source=}}

Rushdie is an advocate of [[religious satire]]. He condemned the [[Charlie Hebdo shooting]] and defended comedic criticism of religions in a comment originally posted on [[English PEN]] where he called religions a medieval form of unreason. Rushdie called the attack a consequence of "religious totalitarianism", which according to him had caused "a deadly mutation in the heart of Islam". He said:<ref>{{cite news|url= http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2015/01/07/salman-rushdie-charlie-hebdo_n_6430904.html|title= Salman Rushdie Responds To Charlie Hebdo Attack, Says Religion Must Be Subject To Satire|first= Maddie|last= Crum|work= [[Huffington Post]]|date= 7 January 2015|access-date= 20 June 2015|archive-date= 21 April 2015|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20150421111119/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2015/01/07/salman-rushdie-charlie-hebdo_n_6430904.html|url-status= live}}</ref>

{{blockquote|Religion, a medieval form of unreason, when combined with modern weaponry becomes a real threat to our freedoms. This religious totalitarianism has caused a deadly mutation in the heart of Islam and we see the tragic consequences in Paris today. I stand with Charlie Hebdo, as we all must, to defend the art of satire, which has always been a force for liberty and against tyranny, dishonesty and stupidity. 'Respect for religion' has become a code phrase meaning 'fear of religion.' Religions, like all other ideas, deserve criticism, satire, and, yes, our fearless disrespect.}}

When asked about reading and writing as a human right, Rushdie states: "...there are the larger stories, the grand narratives that we live in, which are things like nation, and family, and clan, and so on. Those stories are considered to be treated reverentially. They need to be part of the way in which we conduct the discourse of our lives and to prevent people from doing something very damaging to human nature."<ref>{{cite web|url=https://pen.org/press-clip/the-art-of-bravery-an-interview-with-salman-rushdie/|title=The Art of Bravery: An Interview with Salman Rushdie|work=Los Angeles Review of Books|via=PEN America|date=25 April 2013|access-date=1 May 2019|archive-date=1 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190501180708/https://pen.org/press-clip/the-art-of-bravery-an-interview-with-salman-rushdie/|url-status=live}}</ref> Though Rushdie believes the freedoms of literature to be universal, the bulk of his fictions portrays the struggles of the marginally underrepresented. This can be seen in his portrayal of the role of women in his 1983 novel ''[[Shame (Rushdie novel)|Shame]]''. In this novel, Rushdie, "suggests that it is women who suffer most from the injustices of the Pakistani social order."<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Deszcz |first1=Justyna |title=Salman Rushdie's attempt at a feminist fairytale reconfiguration in ''Shame'' |journal=Folklore |date=April 2004 |volume=115 |issue=1 |pages=27–44 |id={{ProQuest|2152779627}} |doi=10.1080/0015587042000192510 |s2cid=145667781 | issn=0015-587X }}</ref> His support of feminism can also be seen in a 2015 interview with ''[[New York (magazine)|New York]]'' magazine's ''[[The Cut (website)|The Cut]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://nymag.com/thecut/2015/11/15-famous-men-whether-theyre-feminists.html|title=15 Male Celebrities Answer 'Are You a Feminist?'|author=|work=The Cut|date=17 November 2015 |access-date=7 December 2015|archive-date=6 July 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220706152328/https://www.thecut.com/2015/11/15-famous-men-whether-theyre-feminists.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

===Political background===
[[File:Paul Auster, Salman Rushdie and Shimon Peres.jpg|thumb|[[Paul Auster]] and Rushdie greeting Israeli President [[Shimon Peres]] with [[Caro Llewellyn]] in 2008]]

====UK politics====

In 2006, Rushdie stated that he supported comments by [[Jack Straw]], then-[[Leader of the House of Commons]] from Labour, who [[United Kingdom debate over veils|criticized the wearing]] of the [[niqab]] (a veil that covers all of the face except the eyes). Rushdie stated that his three sisters would never wear the veil. He said: "I think the battle against the veil has been a long and continuing battle against the limitation of women, so in that sense I'm completely on Straw's side."<ref>{{cite web|last=Wagner|first=Thomas|date=10 October 2006|title=Blair, Rushdie support former British foreign secretary who ignited veil debate|url=http://www.signonsandiego.com/news/world/20061010-0539-britain-veildispute.html|access-date=10 October 2006|publisher=SignOnSanDiego.com|archive-date=17 April 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090417014236/http://www.signonsandiego.com/news/world/20061010-0539-britain-veildispute.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

====US politics====
[[File:Bernie Sanders and Salman Rushdie.jpg|thumb|left|Rushdie and [[Bernie Sanders]] in 2004]]
Rushdie supported the [[1999 NATO bombing of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia]], leading historian [[Tariq Ali]] to label Rushdie part of what he considered to be "warrior writers" as "the belligerati".<ref>[[Michael Mandel (law professor)|Mandel, Michael]]. 2004. ''How America Gets Away With Murder''. [[Pluto Press]]. p. 60.</ref> He was supportive of the US-led campaign to remove the [[Taliban]] in Afghanistan, which began in 2001 but was a vocal critic of the 2003 [[Iraq War|war in Iraq]]. He stated that while there was a "case to be made for the removal of [[Saddam Hussein]]", US [[unilateral]] military intervention was unjustifiable.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2007/jul/09/iraq.usa |title=Letters, Salman Rushdie: No fondness for the Pentagon's politics | World news |newspaper=The Guardian |date=9 July 2007 |access-date=13 March 2010 |location=London |archive-date=31 August 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130831182058/http://www.theguardian.com/world/2007/jul/09/iraq.usa |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Terry Eagleton]], a former admirer of Rushdie's work and [[Marxist literary critic]], criticized him, saying he "cheered on [[the Pentagon]]'s criminal ventures in Iraq and Afghanistan."<ref>{{cite web|title=The ageing punk of lit crit still knows how to spit – Times Online|url=http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/books/article2603984.ece|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080512090519/http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/books/article2603984.ece|archive-date=12 May 2008|access-date=30 July 2008}}</ref> Eagleton subsequently apologized for having misrepresented Rushdie's views.<ref>{{cite web|first=Terry |last=Eagleton|author2=Michael Kustow|author3=Matthew Wright|author4=Neil Morris|date=12 July 2007|title=Letters: Writers challenging so-called civilisation|url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2007/jul/12/comment.letters|access-date=20 June 2015|newspaper=The Guardian|publisher=[[Scott Trust Limited]]|archive-date=21 June 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150621032429/http://www.theguardian.com/books/2007/jul/12/comment.letters|url-status=live}}</ref>

Rushdie supported the election of [[Barack Obama]] for the US presidency and has often criticized the [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican Party]]. He was involved in the [[Occupy Movement]], both as a presence at [[Occupy Boston]] and as a founding member of Occupy Writers.<ref>{{Cite web|title=OccupyWriters.com|url=http://occupywriters.com/|access-date=14 August 2022|website=occupywriters.com|archive-date=14 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220814195835/http://occupywriters.com/|url-status=live}}</ref> Rushdie is a supporter of [[gun control]], blaming [[2012 Aurora, Colorado shooting|a shooting at a Colorado cinema]] in July 2012 on the [[American right to keep and bear arms]].<ref>{{cite journal|date=21 July 2012|title=Salman Rushdie stirs up frenzy with tweets in response to Colorado multiplex shooting | New York Daily News|url=http://www.nydailynews.com/blogs/pageviews/2012/07/salman-rushdie-stirs-up-frenzy-with-tweets-in-response-to-colorado-multiplex-shoot|journal=Daily News|location=New York|access-date=11 November 2012|archive-date=4 September 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120904120946/http://www.nydailynews.com/blogs/pageviews/2012/07/salman-rushdie-stirs-up-frenzy-with-tweets-in-response-to-colorado-multiplex-shoot|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last=Cheney|first=Alexandra|date=20 July 2012|title=Salman Rushdie Sparks Furor With Colorado Theater Shooting Tweets – Speakeasy|url=https://blogs.wsj.com/speakeasy/2012/07/20/salman-rushdie-sparks-furor-with-colorado-shooting-tweets/|journal=The Wall Street Journal|access-date=11 November 2012|archive-date=17 October 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121017022642/http://blogs.wsj.com/speakeasy/2012/07/20/salman-rushdie-sparks-furor-with-colorado-shooting-tweets/|url-status=live}}</ref> He acquired [[American citizenship]] in 2016 and voted for [[Hillary Clinton]] in [[2016 United States presidential election|that year's election]].<ref>{{cite news|date=8 September 2017|title=Salman Rushdie Plays the Trump Card|first=Sarah |last=Begley|magazine=Time|url=https://time.com/magazine/south-pacific/4941231/september-25th-2017-vol-190-no-12-asia-south-pacific/|access-date=27 February 2019|archive-date=26 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190226153207/http://time.com/magazine/south-pacific/4941231/september-25th-2017-vol-190-no-12-asia-south-pacific/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=9 February 2017|title=Salman Rushdie's new book features a 'narcissistic, media-savvy villain' with colored hair|first=Thu-Huong|last= Ha|work=Quartz|url=https://qz.com/905928/salman-rushdies-new-book-the-golden-house-features-a-narcissistic-media-savvy-villain-with-colored-hair/|access-date=27 February 2019|archive-date=28 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190228065820/https://qz.com/905928/salman-rushdies-new-book-the-golden-house-features-a-narcissistic-media-savvy-villain-with-colored-hair/|url-status=live}}</ref>

Noting the rise of "populist authoritarian demagoguery" around the world, Rushdie said there was "a willingness amongst at least some part of the [US] population to cease to value the democratic values enshrined in the [[first amendment]]. So I think the problem is, I would now say, political more than primarily religious".<ref>{{cite news |last=Gabbatt |first=Adam |date=14 September 2023 |title='We're facing another old enemy': Rushdie warns against global authoritarianism |language=en-GB |work=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2023/sep/13/were-facing-another-old-enemy-rushdie-warns-against-global-authoritarianism |access-date=29 October 2023 |issn=0261-3077 |archive-date=29 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231029120914/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2023/sep/13/were-facing-another-old-enemy-rushdie-warns-against-global-authoritarianism |url-status=live}}</ref>

====Against religious extremism====
In the wake of the [[Jyllands-Posten Muhammad cartoons controversy|''Jyllands-Posten'' Muhammad cartoons controversy]] in March 2006 Rushdie signed the manifesto ''Together Facing the New Totalitarianism'', a statement warning of the dangers of [[religious extremism]]. The Manifesto was published in the left-leaning French weekly ''[[Charlie Hebdo]]'' in March 2006.<ref>{{cite news|date=1 March 2006|title=Writers issue cartoon row warning|work=BBC News|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/4763520.stm|access-date=19 February 2014|archive-date=31 January 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190131004236/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/4763520.stm|url-status=live}}</ref> When [[Amnesty International]] suspended human rights activist [[Gita Sahgal]] for saying to the press that she thought the organization should distance itself from [[Moazzam Begg]] and his organization, Rushdie said:<ref>[http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/uk/article7034773.ece Salman Rushdie's statement on Amnesty International] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100601171433/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/uk/article7034773.ece |date=1 June 2010 }}, ''The Sunday Times'', 21 February 2010</ref> <blockquote>Amnesty…has done its reputation incalculable damage by allying itself with Moazzam Begg and his group [[Cageprisoners]], and holding them up as human rights advocates. It looks very much as if Amnesty's leadership is suffering from a kind of [[moral bankruptcy]], and has lost the ability to distinguish right from wrong. It has greatly compounded its error by suspending the redoubtable Gita Sahgal for the crime of going public with her concerns. Gita Sahgal is a woman of immense integrity and distinction. ... It is people like Gita Sahgal who are the true voices of the human rights movement; Amnesty and Begg have revealed, by their statements and actions, that they deserve our contempt.</blockquote>

In July 2020, Rushdie was one of the 153 signers of the "Harper's Letter", also known as "[[A Letter on Justice and Open Debate]]", that expressed concern that "the free exchange of information and ideas, the lifeblood of a liberal society, is daily becoming more constricted."<ref>{{cite magazine |date=7 July 2020 |title=A Letter on Justice and Open Debate {{!}} Harper's Magazine |url=https://harpers.org/a-letter-on-justice-and-open-debate/ |access-date=23 August 2022 |magazine=Harper's Magazine |archive-date=21 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210521055003/https://harpers.org/a-letter-on-justice-and-open-debate/ |url-status=live }}</ref> In October 2023, Rushdie expressed his "horror" at both [[Hamas]]' [[October 7 attacks|attack on Israel]] and Israel's [[Gaza war|retaliation]] in the [[Gaza Strip]] and called for a "cessation in hostilities".<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20231020-rushdie-says-filled-with-foreboding-at-israel-hamas-war |title=Rushdie urges end to fighting between Israel and Hamas |date=20 October 2023 |agency=France 24 |access-date=24 October 2023 |archive-date=30 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231030021616/https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20231020-rushdie-says-filled-with-foreboding-at-israel-hamas-war |url-status=live }}</ref>

In May 2024, Rushdie argued that if a Palestinian state ever came into being, it would resemble a "[[Taliban]]-like state" and become a client state of Iran. He further stated, "There's an emotional reaction to the death in Gaza, and that's absolutely right. But when it slides over towards antisemitism and sometimes to actual support of Hamas, then it's very problematic." He voiced his puzzlement regarding the current support of progressive students for what he described as a "fascist terrorist group".<ref>{{cite news |last1=Perry |first1=Kevin E G |title=Salman Rushdie says a new Palestinian state would be 'Taliban-like' |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/books/news/salman-rushdie-palestine-israel-hamas-b2548290.html |access-date=22 May 2024 |work=The Independent |date=20 May 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Creamer |first=Ella |date=20 May 2024 |title=Salman Rushdie says a Palestinian state formed today would be 'Taliban-like' |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/article/2024/may/20/salman-rushdie-says-a-palestinian-state-formed-today-would-be-taliban-like |access-date=22 May 2024 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Jackson |first=James |date=19 May 2024 |title=A free Palestine would be a Taliban-like state, says Salman Rushdie |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/world-news/2024/05/19/palestine-taliban-like-state-salman-rushdie-taliban-knife/ |access-date=7 April 2025 |work=The Telegraph |language=en-GB |issn=0307-1235}}</ref>

====South Asian politics and Kashmir====
Rushdie has been critical of Pakistan's former Prime Minister [[Imran Khan]] after Khan took personal jabs at him in a 2012 interview. Khan had called Rushdie "unbalanced", saying he has the "mindset of a small man", claiming they had "never met" and he would never "want to meet him ever", despite the two being spotted together in public numerous times.<ref>{{cite news |author-link=Leo Hickman |first=Leo |last=Hickman |date=26 March 2012 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/shortcuts/2012/mar/26/salman-rushdie-imran-khan |url-status=live |access-date=8 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131004191404/https://www.theguardian.com/books/shortcuts/2012/mar/26/salman-rushdie-imran-khan |archive-date=4 October 2013 |title=Salman Rushdie v Imran Khan: it's war |newspaper=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref>

Rushdie has expressed his preference for India over Pakistan on numerous occasions in writing and on live television interviews. In one such interview in 2003, Rushdie said "Pakistan sucks" after being asked about why he felt more like an outsider there than in India or England. He cited India's diversity, openness, and "richness of life experience" as his preference over Pakistan's "airlessness", resulting from a lack of personal freedom, widespread public corruption, and inter-ethnic tension.<ref>{{cite AV media |work=Biermann69 |date=27 December 2014 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QMlARal_oEc |url-status=live |access-date=8 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220308094352/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QMlARal_oEc |archive-date=8 March 2022 |title=Salman Rushdie on Pakistan Sucks! |via=YouTube}}</ref>{{primary source inline|date=May 2025}}

In Indian politics, Rushdie has criticized the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] and its chairperson, the incumbent Prime Minister [[Narendra Modi]].<ref name="bodeill">{{cite news |title=A Narendra Modi victory would bode ill for India, say Rushdie and Kapoor |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/apr/10/indian-artists-letter-guardian-worry-election |first=Jason |last=Burke |date=10 April 2014 |newspaper=The Guardian |location=Delhi |access-date=23 June 2014 |archive-date=10 July 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140710071016/http://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/apr/10/indian-artists-letter-guardian-worry-election |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2019/nov/14/rushdie-atwood-restore-citizenship-critic-modi|title=Rushdie and Atwood join calls to restore citizenship to critic of Modi|last=Flood|first=Alison|date=14 November 2019|newspaper=The Guardian|access-date=23 December 2019|language=en-GB|issn=0261-3077|archive-date=22 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191222120949/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2019/nov/14/rushdie-atwood-restore-citizenship-critic-modi|url-status=live}}</ref> In a 2006 interview about his novel ''[[Shalimar the Clown]]'', Rushdie laments the [[Kashmir conflict|division of Kashmir]] into zones of [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Indian]] and [[Azad Kashmir|Pakistani administration]] as having cut his family down the middle.<ref name=Qantara>{{cite web|title=Interview with Salman Rushdie: Kashmir, Paradise Lost|first=Lewis|last=Gropp|url=https://en.qantara.de/content/interview-with-salman-rushdie-kashmir-paradise-lost|date=12 October 2009|access-date=4 April 2020|website=Qantara.de – Dialogue with the Islamic World |archive-date=17 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200617112637/https://en.qantara.de/content/interview-with-salman-rushdie-kashmir-paradise-lost|url-status=live}}</ref> In August 2019, he criticized the [[revocation of the special status of Jammu and Kashmir]], tweeting: "Even from seven thousand miles away it's clear that what's happening in Kashmir is an atrocity. Not much to celebrate this August 15th."<ref>{{cite web|url=https://twitter.com/salmanrushdie/status/1162021115805491200?lang=en|title=Even from seven thousand miles away it's clear that what's happening in Kashmir is an atrocity. Not much to celebrate this August 15th.|last=Rushdie|first=Salman|date=15 August 2019|website=@salmanrushdie |access-date=4 April 2020|archive-date=8 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210308154152/https://twitter.com/salmanrushdie/status/1162021115805491200?lang=en|url-status=live}}</ref> He has previously referred to [[Human rights abuses in Jammu and Kashmir|crackdowns in Indian-administered Kashmir]] as pretexts for the rise of [[Insurgency in Jammu and Kashmir|jihadism in the region]]:<ref name=Qantara /><blockquote>The phrase of "crackdown" that the Indian army uses really is a euphemism of mass destruction. And [[Rape during the Kashmir conflict|rape]]. And brutalisation. That happens all the time. It's still happening now. ... The decision to treat all Kashmiris as if they're potential terrorists is what has unleashed this, the kind of "holocaust" against the Kashmiri people. And we know ourselves, from most recent events in Europe, how important it is to resist treating all Muslims as if they're terrorists, but the Indian army has taken the decision to do the opposite of that, to actually decide that everybody is a potential combatant to treat them in that way. And the level of brutality is quite spectacular. And, frankly, without that the jihadists would have had very little response from the Kashmiri people who were not really traditionally interested in radical Islam. So now they're caught between the devil and the deep blue sea, and that's the tragedy of the place. ... And really what I was trying to do was say exactly that the attraction of the jihad in Kashmir arose out of the activities of the Indian army. </blockquote>

==Personal life==
In 1976, Rushdie married Clarissa Luard,<ref name="LUARD 1965 p. 465">Descended from the gentry family LUARD, formerly of Byborough. See Burke's Landed Gentry 18th edn. vol. 1 (1965), p. 465, col. 2.</ref> literature officer of the [[Arts Council of England]],<ref>{{cite journal|first=Susheila|last=Nasta|author-link=Susheila Nasta|url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/02690050008589686?journalCode=rwas20|title=Clarissa Luard 1948–1999|journal=[[Wasafiri]]|date=18 July 2008|volume=15|issue=31|page=59|doi=10.1080/02690050008589686|s2cid=162777055|access-date=13 August 2022|archive-date=13 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220813100624/https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/02690050008589686?journalCode=rwas20|url-status=live|url-access=subscription}}</ref> with whom he has a son.<ref>{{cite magazine |last=Kim |first=Leena |date=1 November 2016 |title=Zafar Rushdie and Natalie Coyle Marry in His Father Salman's Adopted City |url=http://www.townandcountrymag.com/the-scene/weddings/a8188/zafar-rushdie-natalie-coyle-wedding/ |magazine=Town & Country |location=New York |publisher=Hearst Communications |access-date=3 October 2017 |archive-date=4 October 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171004043934/http://www.townandcountrymag.com/the-scene/weddings/a8188/zafar-rushdie-natalie-coyle-wedding/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Rushdie left Clarissa in the mid-1980s for Australian writer [[Robyn Davidson]], to whom he was introduced by their mutual friend [[Bruce Chatwin]], a fellow writer.<ref>Bruce Chatwin, letter to [[Ninette Dutton]], 1 November 1984, in ''Under the Sun: The Letters of Bruce Chatwin'', ed. Elizabeth Chatwin and [[Nicholas Shakespeare]], p. 395</ref> Rushdie and Davidson never married, and had separated by the time his divorce from Clarissa came through in 1987. Rushdie and American writer [[Marianne Wiggins]] married the next year.<ref>{{cite news |last=Grove |first=Lloyd |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/1989/03/07/rushdie-wiggins-uncommon-bond/46de9f08-5873-4d44-8aae-6704d7725361/ |title=Rushdie Wiggins' Uncommon Bond |newspaper=The Washington Post |date=7 March 1989 |accessdate=12 August 2022 |archive-date=12 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220812180441/https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/1989/03/07/rushdie-wiggins-uncommon-bond/46de9f08-5873-4d44-8aae-6704d7725361/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="LA Times 3 Mar 1993">{{Cite web|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1993-03-03-mn-271-story.html|title=Rushdie Granted Divorce From American Wife|date=3 March 1993|website=Los Angeles Times|accessdate=12 August 2022|archive-date=12 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220812180434/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1993-03-03-mn-271-story.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

In 1991, Rushdie bought a [[safe house]] at 9 [[The Bishops Avenue]] in the [[London Borough of Barnet]],<ref>{{cite Google Maps |title=9 The Bishops Ave |url=https://www.google.com/maps/place/9+The+Bishops+Ave,+London+N2+0AP,+UK/@51.5853816,-0.1679633,12z/ |access-date=23 December 2025}}</ref> where he lived with his family from the next year until his immigration to the United States in 2000.<ref>{{cite news |last=Bostock |first=Bill |title=Inside London's Billionaires Row: Salman Rushdie's one-time fortified safe house at 9 The Bishops Avenue |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/london-billionaires-row-salman-rushdie-safe-house-2019-11 |access-date=23 December 2025 |website=[[Business Insider]] |date=20 November 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Brady |first=Tara |title=Salman Rushdie hid for 8 years in safe house in The Bishops Avenue during fatwa danger years |url=https://www.hamhigh.co.uk/lifestyle/21383760.salman-rushdie-hid-8-years-safe-house-bishops-avenue-fatwa-danger-years/ |access-date=23 December 2025 |newspaper=[[Ham & High]] |date=27 September 2012}}</ref><ref name="LA Times Oct 2000">{{cite news |last=Miller |first=Marjorie |title=After Years of Offering Refuge, the British Write Off Rushdie |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2000-oct-01-mn-29659-story.html |access-date=23 December 2025 |newspaper=[[Los Angeles Times]] |date=1 October 2000}}</ref> Rushdie and Wiggins divorced in 1993.<ref name="LA Times 3 Mar 1993" /> In 1997, Rushdie married British editor and writer Elizabeth West,<ref>{{cite news |last=Bain |first=Ellissa |date=13 August 2022 |title=Who is Salman Rushdie's wife? Inside his four marriages |url=https://www.hitc.com/en-gb/2022/08/13/who-is-salman-rushdies-wife-inside-his-four-marriages/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220813090443/https://www.hitc.com/en-gb/2022/08/13/who-is-salman-rushdies-wife-inside-his-four-marriages/ |archive-date=13 August 2022 |access-date=13 August 2022 |work=[[HITC]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://us.macmillan.com/author/elizabethwest|title=Elizabeth West|work=[[Macmillan Publishers|usmacmillan.com]]|access-date=13 August 2022|archive-date=4 December 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221204014640/https://us.macmillan.com/author/elizabethwest|url-status=live}}</ref> with whom he has a son. The couple separated after a [[miscarriage]].<ref name="DB 18 Sep 2012">{{cite web |title=11 Revelations From Salman Rushdie's Memoir, 'Joseph Anton' |url=https://www.thedailybeast.com/11-revelations-from-salman-rushdies-memoir-joseph-anton |website=The Daily Beast |access-date=7 October 2024 |date=18 September 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.smh.com.au/lifestyle/you-saw-an-illusion-and-you-destroyed-your-family-for-it-20120917-2612h.html |title='You saw an illusion and you destroyed your family for it.' |first=Salman|last=Rushdie|newspaper=[[The Sydney Morning Herald]] |date=22 September 2012 |access-date=12 August 2022 |archive-date=12 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220812180433/https://www.smh.com.au/lifestyle/you-saw-an-illusion-and-you-destroyed-your-family-for-it-20120917-2612h.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

In 1999, Rushdie underwent an operation to correct [[ptosis (eyelid)|ptosis]]. According to Rushdie, ptosis had made it increasingly difficult for him to open his eyes. He stated: "If I hadn't had an operation, in a couple of years from now I wouldn't have been able to open my eyes at all."<ref>"[http://www.cnn.com/books/news/9904/15/rushdie/ "Rushdie: New book out from under shadow of fatwa"], CNN, 15 April 1999. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100528051847/http://www.cnn.com/books/news/9904/15/rushdie/ |date=28 May 2010 }} Retrieved 21 April 2007.</ref>

Since his immigration, Rushdie has lived mostly near [[Union Square, Manhattan|Union Square]], a [[neighbourhood]] in the [[New York City borough]] of [[Manhattan]].<ref>Holson, Laura M., [https://www.nytimes.com/2012/03/25/fashion/salman-rushdie-out-of-exile-is-a-fixture-on-the-social-scene.html "From Exile to Everywhere"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120821160323/http://www.nytimes.com/2012/03/25/fashion/salman-rushdie-out-of-exile-is-a-fixture-on-the-social-scene.html |date=21 August 2012}}, ''The New York Times'', 23 March 2012 (online), 25 March 2012 (print). Retrieved 26 March 2012.</ref> Rushdie married Indian-American television presenter and model [[Padma Lakshmi]] in 2004 after divorcing Elizabeth the same year. At the time of their first meeting in 1999, Rushdie was 51 years old, while Lakshmi was 28 years old.<ref>{{cite web |title='Demanding husband' : Padma Lakshmi writes about her marriage to Salman Rushdie |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/news/demanding-husband-padma-lakshmi-writes-about-her-marriage-salman-rushdie-39966 |website=The News Minute |access-date=7 October 2024 |date=7 March 2024}}</ref> Lakshmi asked for a divorce in January 2007,<ref name="DB 18 Sep 2012" /> according to Rushdie,<ref>{{cite news|last=Anthony|first=Andrew|title=The Bookers' favourite|url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2008/apr/06/classics.salmanrushdie|newspaper=The Guardian|date=6 April 2008|access-date=4 September 2022|quote=By this he means the end of his marriage. In January of 2007, Lakshmi asked for a divorce.|archive-date=5 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220905013629/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2008/apr/06/classics.salmanrushdie|url-status=live}}</ref> and the couple filed for it in July.<ref>{{cite news | url = http://www.eonline.com/news/article/index.jsp?uuid=ed1a664d-9538-487b-9f0b-9bc4b4e5330c |first=Julie|last= Keller| date= 3 July 2007 | newspaper = [[E!]] | title= Rushdie, ''Top Chef'' Wife Skewer Marriage | archive-date= 30 September 2007 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070930190150/http://www.eonline.com/news/article/index.jsp?uuid=ed1a664d-9538-487b-9f0b-9bc4b4e5330c}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Atad|first=Corey|title=Padma Lakshmi Is 'Relieved' That Ex-Husband Salman Rushdie Is Recovering After Stabbing Attack|url=https://etcanada.com/news/920393/padma-lakshmi-is-relieved-that-ex-husband-salman-rushdie-is-recovering-after-stabbing-attack/|date=14 August 2022|access-date=4 September 2022|website=ET Canada|quote=They filed for divorce in 2007.|archive-date=5 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220905013632/https://etcanada.com/news/920393/padma-lakshmi-is-relieved-that-ex-husband-salman-rushdie-is-recovering-after-stabbing-attack/|url-status=dead}}</ref> She has criticized him as insecure and spoiled, stating that he constantly craved praise and demanded "frequent sex".<ref>{{cite web |last1=Gorka |first1=Shifali |title=Salman Rushdie's ex Padma Lakshmi spotted in NYC hours after he was stabbed, here's a look at his 4 ex-wives |url=https://meaww.com/salman-rushdie-ex-wives-the-satanic-verses-married-four-times-padma-lakshmi-clarissa-luard-zafar |website=meaww.com |access-date=7 October 2024 |date=13 August 2022}}</ref><ref name="auto">{{cite web |title=Salman Rushdie needed constant care and frequent sex, reveals Padma Lakshmi in her memoir |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/lifestyle/what-s-hot/story/salman-rushdie-needed-constant-care-and-frequent-sex-says-indian-american-top-chef-host-and-supermodel-padma-lakshmi-in-her-memoir-love-loss-and-what-we-ate-marriage-ted-forstmann-312094-2016-03-07 |website=India Today |date=7 March 2016 |access-date=7 October 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=What Padma Lakshmi's marriage to Salman Rushdie tells us about high-maintenance husbands |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/women/life/what-padma-lakshmis-relationship-with-salman-rushdie-tells-us-ab/ |website=Telegraph |access-date=7 October 2024 |date=8 March 2016}}</ref> Lakshmi has claimed that Rushdie had referred to her as a "bad investment"<ref>{{cite web |last1=Hauser |first1=Christine |title=Padma Lakshmi Opens Up About Rushdie in Memoir |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/03/10/arts/padma-lakshmi-opens-up-about-rushdie-in-memoir.html |website=The New York Times |access-date=7 October 2024 |date=9 March 2016}}</ref> and was insensitive to her painful [[endometriosis]].<ref name="auto"/><ref>{{cite web |title=Padma Lakshmi Dishes on Her Darkest Days With Salman Rushdie |url=https://www.thedailybeast.com/padma-lakshmi-dishes-on-her-darkest-days-with-salman-rushdie |website=The Daily Beast|first=Lizzie|last=Crocker |access-date=7 October 2024 |date=11 March 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=My fiery marriage to Rushdie: At first he brought me breakfast, then he turned cold, says ex-wife |url=https://nationalpost.com/news/world/my-fiery-marriage-to-rushdie-at-first-he-brought-me-breakfast-then-he-turned-cold-says-ex-wife |website=National Post |access-date=7 October 2024 |date=8 March 2016}}</ref> Rushdie and American poet [[Rachel Eliza Griffiths]] married in 2021.<ref name=darkly>{{cite web |quote="Language is a knife: Language is a way of cutting things open and revealing the truth" |first=Alan |last=Yentob |author-link=Alan Yentob |year=2024 |title=Salman Rushdie: Through a Glass Darkly |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/m001z2fw |publisher=BBC}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine |last=Remnick |first=David |author-link=David Remnick |date= 13–20 February 2023 |title=Defiance: despite a near–fatal stabbing—and decades of death threats—Salman Rushdie won't stop telling stories |department=Profiles |magazine=The New Yorker |volume=99 |issue=1 |pages=50–61 |url=https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2023/02/13/salman-rushdie-recovery-victory-city }} Online version is titled "The defiance of Salman Rushdie".</ref>

Rushdie is a fan of the English [[Association football|football]] club [[Tottenham Hotspur]].<ref>{{cite web|last1=Collie|first1=Ashley|title=Shakespeare's Hotspur Would Be Proud to See His Namesake Tottenham Hotspur Leading Another British Invasion of America|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/ashley-jude-collie/shakespeares-hotspur-woul_b_7836846.html|access-date=5 September 2017|website=HuffingtonPost.com|date=21 July 2015|publisher=HPMG News|archive-date=19 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170919030034/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/ashley-jude-collie/shakespeares-hotspur-woul_b_7836846.html|url-status=live}}</ref> He has been a holder of the [[Person of Indian Origin Card]], which grants certain rights to people of the Indian diaspora short of full [[Indian nationality law|citizenship]].<ref>{{Cite news |title=Salman Rushdie row: 'Those having objection to PIO should move court' |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/salman-rushdie-row-those-having-objection-to-pio-should-move-court/articleshow/11448670.cms?from=mdr |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230826040334/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/salman-rushdie-row-those-having-objection-to-pio-should-move-court/articleshow/11448670.cms?from=mdr |archive-date=26 August 2023 |access-date=26 March 2021 |newspaper=The Economic Times}}</ref>

Rushdie's niece is the pianist [[Mishka Rushdie Momen]].<ref>https://www.thetimes.com/culture/books/article/salman-rushdie-and-his-niece-a-good-uncle-is-hard-to-find-9ct5gs93t?gaa_at=eafs&gaa_n=AWEtsqdRqv7t5C1_CWouPm4lpSAexnUTIwfHugPVd6exvO6R6nWsfI3eeJtPpVdqq_E%3D&gaa_ts=69c0f710&gaa_sig=xJ_90F2teJ5j3c0L7ZQKFwiZClvOx-pTH_LTiTou-ZBKC7X_ooPgORGn_9zuFQ2vQx42JMHrbdiY8WceB4ulZQ%3D%3D</ref>

==Works==
===Novels===
*''[[Grimus]]'' (1975)
*''[[Midnight's Children]]'' (1981)
*''[[Shame (Rushdie novel)|Shame]]'' (1983)
*''[[The Satanic Verses]]'' (1988)
*''[[The Moor's Last Sigh]]'' (1995)
*''[[The Ground Beneath Her Feet]]'' (1999)
*''[[Fury (Rushdie novel)|Fury]]'' (2001)
*''[[Shalimar the Clown]]'' (2005)
*''[[The Enchantress of Florence]]'' (2008)
*''[[Two Years Eight Months and Twenty-Eight Nights]]'' (2015)
* ''[[The Golden House (novel)|The Golden House]]'' (2017)<ref>''[http://www.vowelor.com/book/the-golden-house-salman-rushdie-review/ "The Golden House"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170509085622/http://www.vowelor.com/book/the-golden-house-salman-rushdie-review/ |date=9 May 2017 }}'' by Salman Rushdie, ''Random House''.</ref>
* ''[[Quichotte (novel)|Quichotte]]'' (2019)<ref>''[https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/612467/quichotte-by-salman-rushdie/9780593132982/ "Quichotte"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190725145920/https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/612467/quichotte-by-salman-rushdie/9780593132982/ |date=25 July 2019 }}'' by Salman Rushdie, ''Penguin Random House''.</ref>
* ''[[Victory City]]'' (2023)<ref>{{cite news |date=27 July 2022 |title=New Rushdie Novel 'Victory City' To Be Published In February 2023 |url=https://www.bertelsmann.com/news-and-media/news/new-rushdie-novel-victory-city-to-be-published-in-february-2023.jsp |work=[[Bertelsmann]] |access-date=19 December 2022 |archive-date=19 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221219231523/https://www.bertelsmann.com/news-and-media/news/new-rushdie-novel-victory-city-to-be-published-in-february-2023.jsp |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>Review: {{cite web |last=Gruber |first=Fiona |date=8 February 2023 |title=Salman Rushdie's new novel is a tale of power, exile and steely defiance |url=https://www.smh.com.au/culture/books/salman-rushdie-s-new-novel-is-a-tale-of-power-exile-and-steely-defiance-20230206-p5ci6z.html |access-date=5 March 2023 |website=The Sydney Morning Herald |archive-date=5 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230305000650/https://www.smh.com.au/culture/books/salman-rushdie-s-new-novel-is-a-tale-of-power-exile-and-steely-defiance-20230206-p5ci6z.html |url-status=live}}</ref>

===Collections===
*''[[East, West]]'' (1994)
*''Mirrorwork: 50 Years of Indian Writing 1947–1997'' (1997, Editor, with Elizabeth West)
*''[[The Best American Short Stories]]'' (2008, Guest Editor)
*''[[The Eleventh Hour (Rushdie)|The Eleventh Hour: A Quintet of Stories]]'' (2025)

===Children's books===
*''[[Haroun and the Sea of Stories]]'' (1990)<ref>{{cite web|title=Haroun and the Sea of Stories by Salman Rushdie|url=https://www.purplepencilproject.com/book-review-haroun-and-the-sea-of-stories/|date=5 January 2017|website=Purple Pencil Project|language=en-US|access-date=23 May 2020|archive-date=7 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200607140235/https://www.purplepencilproject.com/book-review-haroun-and-the-sea-of-stories/|url-status=live}}</ref>
*''[[Luka and the Fire of Life]]'' (2010)

===Essays and nonfiction===
*''In Good Faith'', [[Granta Books]] (1990)
*''[[Imaginary Homelands|Imaginary Homelands: Essays and Criticism, 1981–1991]]'' (1992)
*''The Wizard of Oz: BFI Film Classics'', [[British Film Institute]] (1992)
*''Mohandas Gandhi'', ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'' (13 April 1998)<ref>{{Cite magazine|url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,988159,00.html|first=Salman|last=Rushdie|title=Mohandas Gandhi|date=13 April 1998|magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]]
|url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070516042424/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,988159,00.html |archive-date=16 May 2007}}</ref>
*''Imagine There Is No Heaven'' (Extract from ''Letters to the Six Billionth World Citizen'', published in English by Uitgeverij Podium, Amsterdam)<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/1999/oct/16/salmanrushdie |title=Imagine There Is No Heaven (extract) |first=Salman |last=Rushdie |date=16 October 1999 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |url-access=limited |access-date=5 September 2021 |archive-date=19 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210419080715/https://www.theguardian.com/books/1999/oct/16/salmanrushdie |url-status=live }}</ref>
*''Step Across This Line: Collected Nonfiction 1992–2002'' (2002)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/158940/step-across-this-line-by-salman-rushdie/|title=Step Across This Line by Salman Rushdie|website=[[Penguin Random House]]|access-date=5 September 2021|archive-date=18 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210818120935/https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/158940/step-across-this-line-by-salman-rushdie/|url-status=live}}</ref>
*''The East Is Blue'' (2004)<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thetimes.com/world/us-world/article/porn-is-vital-to-freedom-says-rushdie-mz9ffjjgv3m|title=Porn is vital to freedom, says Rushdie|first=Sarah|last=Baxter|author2=Richard Brooks|newspaper=The Times|date=8 August 2004|access-date=13 August 2022|archive-date=13 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220813154512/https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/porn-is-vital-to-freedom-says-rushdie-mz9ffjjgv3m|url-status=live}}</ref>
*"A fine pickle", ''The Guardian'' (28 February 2009)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.theguardian.com/books/2009/feb/28/salman-rushdie-novels-film-adaptations|title=A fine pickle {{!}} Salman Rushdie on celluloid adaptations of novels|first=Salman|last=Rushdie|date=28 February 2009|newspaper=The Guardian|url-access=limited|access-date=5 September 2021|archive-date=5 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210905100310/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2009/feb/28/salman-rushdie-novels-film-adaptations|url-status=live}}</ref>
*''In the South'', ''[[Booktrack]]'' (7 February 2012)
*''[[Languages of Truth|Languages of Truth: Essays 2003–2020]]'' (2021)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/616882/languages-of-truth-by-salman-rushdie/|title=Languages of Truth by Salman Rushdie|website=[[Penguin Random House]]|access-date=5 September 2021|archive-date=8 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211008100922/https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/616882/languages-of-truth-by-salman-rushdie/|url-status=live}}</ref>

===Memoirs===
*''[[The Jaguar Smile: A Nicaraguan Journey]]'' (1987)
*''[[Joseph Anton: A Memoir]]'' (2012)
* ''[[Knife: Meditations After an Attempted Murder]]'' (2024)<ref name="Wagner"/>

==See also==
{{Portal|Biography}}
* [[Blasphemy]]
* ''[[The Butterfly Hunter]]''
* [[Criticism of Islam]]
* [[Censorship in South Asia]]
* [[Hysterical realism]]
* [[Indians in the New York City metropolitan area]]
* [[List of fatwas]]
* [[List of Indian writers]]
* [[PEN International]]
* [[Postmodern literature]]

==Notes==
{{notelist}}

==References==
{{reflist|colwidth=30em}}

==Relevant literature==
* Szpila, Grzegorz. "Paremic verses: Proverbial meanings in Salman Rushdie's novels." ''Journal of Literary Semantics'' 37.2(2008): 97–127.
* Szpila, Grzegorz. "Paremic Allusions in Salman Rushdie's Novels." ''[[Proverbium]]'', 25 (2008), 379–398.
* Szpila, Grzegorz. ''Idioms in Salman Rushdie's Novels. A PhraseoStylistic Approach''. Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang, 2012. 293 pp.

==External links==
{{sister project links|d=Q44306|q=Salman Rushdie|c=Category:Salman Rushdie|n=no|b=no|v=no|voy=no|m=no|mw=no|s=no|wikt=no|species=no}}
* {{official website}}
* {{IMDb name}}
* {{British council|salman-rushdie}}
* [http://sf-encyclopedia.uk/fe.php?nm=rushdie_salman Salman Rushdie] at ''[[The Encyclopedia of Fantasy]]''
* [http://www.sf-encyclopedia.com/entry/rushdie_salman Salman Rushdie] at ''[[The Encyclopedia of Science Fiction]]''
* {{C-SPAN}}
* {{New York Times topic}}
* [https://rose.library.emory.edu/ Stuart A. Rose Manuscript, Archives, and Rare Book Library], Emory University: [http://pid.emory.edu/ark:/25593/8zv36 Salman Rushdie papers, 1947–2012]

{{Salman Rushdie}}
{{Booker Prize}}
{{Austrian State Prize for European Literature}}
{{Iran–United Kingdom relations}}
{{Friedenspreis des Deutschen Buchhandels}}
{{Portal bar|Biography|Freedom of speech|India|Islam|Literature|United Kingdom|United States}}
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Nene Raju Nene Mantri

2026-03-24T20:40:09Z

Vivek.Dantkale: started pg

{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2017}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Nene Raju Nene Mantri
| image = Nene raju Nene mantri.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[Teja (film director)|Teja]]
| producer = [[Daggubati Suresh Babu|D. Suresh Babu]] Kiran Reddy Bharath Chowdary
| writer = Lakshmi Bhupal (dialogues)
| story = Teja
| screenplay = Teja
| starring = [[Rana Daggubati]] [[Kajal Aggarwal]] [[Catherine Tresa]] [[Navdeep]] [[Ashutosh Rana]]
| music = [[Anup Rubens]]
| cinematography = Venkat Dilip Chunduru
| editing = [[Kotagiri Venkateswara Rao]]
| studio = [[Suresh Productions]] Blue Planet Entertainments LLP
| distributor = Suresh Productions
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2017|08|11}}
| runtime = 153 minutes
| country = [[India]]
| language = Telugu
| budget = {{INR|12 crore|link=yes}}<ref>{{Cite news |date=16 August 2017 |title=Too big a risk taken |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/tollywood/160817/too-big-a-risk-taken.html |access-date=14 September 2020 |work=Deccan Chronicle}}</ref>
| gross = {{Estimation}}{{INR|45 crore|link=yes}}<ref>{{Cite web |date=31 December 2017 |title=South Stars Who Grabbed Headlines in 2017 |url=https://english.sakshi.com/south-stars-who-grabbed-headlines-in-2017 |access-date=14 September 2020 |website=[[Sakshi (newspaper)|Sakshi Post]]}}</ref>
}}
'''''Nene Raju Nene Mantri''''' ({{translation|I'm the King and I'm the Minister}}) is a 2017 Indian [[Telugu language|Telugu]]-language [[political film|political]] [[action thriller|action drama]] film written and directed by [[Teja (film director)|Teja]], featuring [[Rana Daggubati]] and [[Kajal Aggarwal]] in the lead roles along with [[Catherine Tresa]], [[Navdeep]], and [[Ashutosh Rana]] in other pivotal roles.<ref>[http://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/tollywood/131116/rana-daggubatis-film-to-be-titled-nene-raju-nene-mantri.html "Rana Daggubati's film to be titled Nene Raju Nene Mantri"]</ref>

Production began in April 2016<ref>{{Cite web |date=18 April 2016 |title=Rana Daggubati teams up with Kajal Aggarwal for Teja film! |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-rana-daggubati-teams-up-with-kajal-aggarwal-for-teja-film-2203433 |access-date=18 April 2016 |publisher=dna}}</ref> and [[principal photography]] commenced in October 2016 in [[Karaikudi]].<ref>[http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/Rana-Kajal-and-Tejas-movie-starts-shoot/articleshow/54828622.cms?"Rana, Kajal and Teja's movie starts shoot"]</ref> The teaser was released on June 6, coinciding with the 81st birthday anniversary of [[D. Ramanaidu]], Rana's grandfather.<ref>[http://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ians/rana-dedicates-next-film-s-teaser-to-grandfather-117060500436_1.html "Rana dedicates next film's teaser to grandfather"]</ref> A special teaser celebrating 50 films of [[Kajal Aggarwal]] was released on her birthday, June 19. The film was dubbed in [[Hindi language|Hindi]] as ''Main Hi Raja Main Hi Mantri'',<ref>{{Cite news |date=2017-12-01 |title=Main Hi Raja Main Hi Mantri: World TV Premiere Hindi version on Star Gold |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/programmes/main-hi-raja-main-hi-mantri/params/tvprogramme/programmeid-30000000550408146/channelid-10000000000110000/starttime-201712161955 |access-date=2017-12-11 |work=timesofindia.indiatimes.com |language=en-US}}</ref> [[Tamil language|Tamil]] as ''Naan Aanaiyittaal'' and [[Malayalam]] as ''Raaja Kireedam''. The Tamil version featured scenes re-shot with local actors.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2017-07-11 |title=Nene Raju, Nene Mantri: Tamil version of Rana Daggubati's film inspired from MGR's song |url=http://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/nene-raju-nene-mantri-tamil-version-of-rana-daggubatis-film-inspired-from-mgrs-song-3800817.html |access-date=2017-07-21 |work=Firstpost |language=en-US}}</ref>

It released on 11 August 2016 to positive reviews and was considered as a comeback film for Teja. The film was a blockbuster at the box office.<ref>{{Cite news |last=raveendran |first=karthika |title=Nene Raju Nene Mantri movie review: Rana Daggubati shines bright in this shoddily directed drama |url=http://www.bollywoodlife.com/news-gossip/nene-raju-nene-mantri-movie-review-rana-daggubati-shines-bright-in-this-shoddily-directed-drama/ |access-date=2016-08-11 |language=en-US}}</ref>

== Plot ==
Jogendra, a money lender, and Radha are a happily married couple; however, they do not have any children. When Radha finally gets pregnant, they are overjoyed. When they go to the temple to pray for the well-being of the baby, Radha lights a holy lamp. Sarpanch, the leader of the village that they live in, comes along to the temple with his wife. His wife sees that Radha lit the lamp and becomes infuriated as she is always the one who does it. She pushes Radha down the steps of the temple, and Radha has a [[miscarriage]]. Both Radha and Jogendra are devastated.

Jogendra goes to Sarpanch's house and persuades him to let him join in his political campaign. Jogendra cleverly wins, and this angers Sarpanch. Sarpanch tries to kill Jogendra, but Jogendra shoots Sarpanch when he mentions that he will also kill Radha. Later, Hema Chander, the policeman who was to give Jogendra an [[First information report|FIR]] copy for killing Sarpanch in self-defense, asks him for Rs. 5 million for his sister's marriage in return. Jogendra, however, is not willing to give the amount. He then takes Hema Chander's pistol, shoots his hands, and puts the blame on Hema Chander. [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|MLA]] Choudappa, who was supporting Jogendra for his party, asks him an amount of Rs. 1 crore and takes the FIR copy. When Jogendra tells Choudappa that he is unable to arrange the money, Choudappa asks Jogendra to send Radha to his guest house. Upon hearing this, a frustrated Jogendra kills Choudappa. After Choudappa's death, he stands in the MLA election and defeats Choudappa's brother (who was his opposite party candidate in the election) by framing him that he killed his brother to become MLA. He also makes Choudappa's wife believe it and have her support him. With the help of sympathy, he wins the election.

Now, Jogendra is the MLA and dreams of leading the best life. He becomes big by killing his enemies and anyone in his way. He invests in lots of businesses (transport, liquor shops, institutions, hospitals). Meanwhile, he had recommended a student for a job who does not get one because his recommendation does not work as another student gets a letter from a State Minister. Jogendra plans to become a minister and goes to the student who wants to commit suicide by climbing up a building and is about to jump. The student's mother slaps him, and the student comes down. Jogendra asks the student union to go on a hunger strike. He then visits the CM and gives him the idea to end this strike and, in turn, asks for the minister post, which the CM rejects. He then visits the Home Minister Subbarayudu, whom he convinces to mix poison in the nimbu pani, which the CM was to come and give to the student. In turn, he asks for the minister post, to which Subbarayudu agrees. When the CM comes to give nimbu pani, Jogendra cleverly tells that there is poison in the drink. Accordingly, the blame falls on Subbarayudu, and he is arrested. Then the scene shifts, and the CM congratulates Jogendra and gives him sanskritik shakha ministry (Ministry of Cultural Affairs), which Jogendra rejects and asks the CM to choose wisely as he wants home ministry.

Meanwhile, Devika Rani, a journalist, does research about Jogendra. She finds out all the evidence to sue him because she works for the opposing party and telecasts it on her channel. He confronts her at her house. When she tells him that his entire house is filled with cameras, he seduces her, and they have sex. They begin an affair, and she falls in love with him, but he does this only to find out information. He still loves Radha. After this, Devika, with the help of Subbarayudu (who is now out of jail on bail), plans against Jogendra. All of Jogendra's illegal activities are exposed, and he loses everything. He and Radha visit the temple along with Shiva's brother. (Shiva was a close associate of Jogendra, whom he killed in rage as he thought he went against him due to a false video planted by Subbarayudu. Jogendra later regrets killing him.) Shiva's brother plants a bomb on the route, and it explodes in which Radha is also injured. Jogendra saves her and takes her to the hospital. However, Radha sacrifices her life so that Jogendra can gain sympathy and his party can win elections so that he becomes CM. It happens so, and a day before, Hema Chander cleverly gets all secrets leaked, and falsefully whomsoever had won from Jogendra's party is offered bribe money to go and join Subbarayudu. Jogendra goes to the place where all MLAs and ministers are there, and gets to plant a bomb, which eventually explodes and kills everyone.

The story then comes to the present in the jail where Jogendra is giving the interview. Then, a lot of people support him upon listening to his story and want only Jogendra to become the CM. People use social media and messages to plead not guilty and ask for his release from hanging. The President of India cancels his hanging, and just at the right time, the prison warden arrives, and Jogendra's hanging is stopped. On live TV, Jogendra asks people to choose a person who is really good and wants to do better for people and not any corrupt leader or someone who influences them. He asks the voters to choose wisely and poll wisely. In the last scene, Jogendra lights a cigarette and tells everyone that his name is now "Radha Jogendra", and without Radha, he cannot exist. Saying this, he hangs himself and dies.

In the credits scene, Radha is shown sitting on a swing, and Jogendra comes to her and shows his love, which ultimately shows their reunion in heaven.

== Cast ==
{{colbegin}}
*[[Rana Daggubati]] as Jogendra
*[[Kajal Aggarwal]] as Radha
*[[Catherine Tresa]] as Devika Rani (Voice over 'Anjali')
*[[Navdeep]] as Shiva
*[[Brahmanandam]] as Ramakrishna
*[[Ashutosh Rana]] as Subbarayudu
*[[Pradeep Rawat (actor)|Pradeep Rawat]] as Ramasubbayya
*[[Sivaji Raja]] as Srinivas
*[[Janaki Sabesh]] as Rajyalakshmi
*[[Suhasini Maniratnam|Suhasini]] as Suguna
*[[Tanikella Bharani]] as Chief Minister
*[[Jaya Prakash Reddy]] as Jailer
*[[Paruchuri Venkateswara Rao]] as Venkatachalam
*[[Kaikala Satyanarayana]] as Sivaramakrishnayya
*[[Posani Krishna Murali]] as Muniappa
*[[Ajay (actor)|Ajay]] as Hemachandra
*[[Satya Prakash (actor)|Satya Prakash]] as MLA Choudappa
*[[Raghu Karumanchi]] as Chandramouli
*[[Prabhas Sreenu]] as Subbarayudu's PA
*[[Bithiri Sathi]] as News Reporter Sathi
*Bindu Chandramouli as Sarpanch's wife
*Naveen Neni as Ravi
*Josh Ravi as Tirupathi
*[[Priyanka Nalkari]] as Sushmitha
*[[K. Sivasankar]] (special appearance in the song "Radhamma Radhamma")
*[[Kalpa Latha]]<ref>{{Cite news |date=2019-02-22 |title=Govt turned our farms into mines, but we are still waiting for money: Kalpa Latha |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/events/hyderabad/govt-turned-our-farms-into-mines-but-we-are-still-waiting-for-money-kalpa-latha/articleshow/68107318.cms |access-date=2024-09-29 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
{{colend}}

== Production ==
In February 2016, filmmaker [[Teja (film director)|Teja]] signed Telugu actor [[Rajasekhar (actor)|Rajasekhar]] to play a negative role in his directorial ''Aham''. [[Sneha (actress)|Sneha]] was approached to play the female lead in the film.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Kavirayani |first=Suresh |date=13 February 2016 |title=Rajasekhar comes back as the villain |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/tollywood/130216/rajasekhar-comes-back-as-the-villain.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20170822090055/http://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/tollywood/130216/rajasekhar-comes-back-as-the-villain.html |archive-date=22 August 2017 |access-date=22 August 2017 |work=Deccan Chronicle |df=dmy-all}}</ref> It was shelved in April 2016 due to both creative and personal differences. P. Satyanarayana Reddy, the film's producer, wanted another actor to play the lead role.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Goud |first=Nagaraj |date=10 April 2016 |title=Tantrum-throwing Rajashekar pays a heavy price |url=http://www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/Cinema/2016-04-10/Tantrum-throwing-Rajashekar-pays-a-heavy-price/220264 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20170822090751/http://www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/Cinema/2016-04-10/Tantrum-throwing-Rajashekar-pays-a-heavy-price/220264 |archive-date=22 August 2017 |access-date=22 August 2017 |work=The Hans India |df=dmy-all}}</ref> Teja approached [[Rana Daggubati]] and gained his consent. Rana's father [[Daggubati Suresh Babu]] suggested [[Kajal Aggarwal]] for the female lead role, who was signed later.<ref name="BB2 sets">{{Cite news |last=Goud |first=Nagaraj |date=20 April 2016 |title=Rajamouli nod awaited for Rana, Kajal coup |url=http://www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/Tollywood/2016-04-20/Rajamouli-nod-awaited-for-Rana-Kajal-coup/222765 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20170822152003/http://www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/Tollywood/2016-04-20/Rajamouli-nod-awaited-for-Rana-Kajal-coup/222765 |archive-date=22 August 2017 |access-date=22 August 2017 |work=The Hans India |df=dmy-all}}</ref> Daggubati was completing his portions in ''[[The Ghazi Attack]]'' (2017) and was about to join the sets of ''[[Baahubali 2: The Conclusion]]'' when Teja approached him. They worked on the script for eight months, writing different versions.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Pudipeddi |first=Haricharan |date=9 August 2017 |title=Keeping excitement meter ticking |url=http://thehitavada.com/Encyc/2017/8/9/Keeping-excitement-meter-ticking.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20170829161254/http://thehitavada.com/Encyc/2017/8/9/Keeping-excitement-meter-ticking.aspx |archive-date=29 August 2017 |access-date=29 August 2017 |work=The Hitavada |df=dmy-all}}</ref> Lyricist Lakshmi Bhoopal, who was supposed to work with Teja for three of his earlier films, was chosen to pen the dialogues.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Nadadhur |first=Srivathsan |date=17 August 2017 |title=Lakshmi Bhoopal: One among the audience |url=http://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/writer-lakshmi-bhoopal-interview-one-among-the-audience/article19508861.ece |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20170829162615/http://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/writer-lakshmi-bhoopal-interview-one-among-the-audience/article19508861.ece |archive-date=29 August 2017 |access-date=29 August 2017 |work=The Hindu |df=dmy-all}}</ref> Teja also approached [[R. Rathnavelu]] to handle the film's cinematography.<ref name="BB2 sets" />

The film was titled ''Nene Raju Nene Mantri''; Venkat C. Dileep and [[Kotagiri Venkateswara Rao]] were recruited as the cinematographer and editor respectively. [[Anoop Rubens]] composed the film's soundtrack and background score.<ref>{{Cite news |date=11 August 2017 |title=Rana Daggubati's 'Nene Raju Nene Mantri' does good pre-release business |url=http://www.thenewsminute.com/article/rana-daggubati-s-nene-raju-nene-mantri-does-good-pre-release-business-66632 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20170829160314/http://www.thenewsminute.com/article/rana-daggubati-s-nene-raju-nene-mantri-does-good-pre-release-business-66632 |archive-date=29 August 2017 |access-date=29 August 2017 |work=The News Minute |df=dmy-all}}</ref> Babu, along with Kiran Reddy and Bharath Chowdary, jointly bankrolled the film under their banners [[Suresh Productions]] and Blue Planet Entertainments.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Sridhar |first=Adivi |date=14 August 2017 |title='Nene Raju Nene Mantri' is the perfect I-Day watch |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/nene-raju-nene-mantri-is-the-perfect-i-day-watch/articleshow/60046560.cms |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20170829161517/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/nene-raju-nene-mantri-is-the-perfect-i-day-watch/articleshow/60046560.cms |archive-date=29 August 2017 |access-date=29 August 2017 |work=The Times of India |df=dmy-all}}</ref> ''Nene Raju Nene Mantri'' was Aggarwal's 50th film as an actor. [[Catherine Tresa]], [[Navdeep]] and [[Ashutosh Rana]] were cast in supporting roles.<ref>{{Cite news |date=18 June 2017 |title=Kajal Aggarwal says, Nene Raju, Nene Mantri is a very special film |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/telugu/kajal-aggarwal-says-nene-raju-nene-mantri-is-a-very-special-film-4710054/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20170901123306/http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/telugu/kajal-aggarwal-says-nene-raju-nene-mantri-is-a-very-special-film-4710054/ |archive-date=1 September 2017 |access-date=1 September 2017 |work=The Indian Express |df=dmy-all |agency=Indo-Asian News Service}}</ref>

== Soundtrack ==
{{Infobox album
| name = Nene Raju Nene Mantri
| type = Soundtrack
| artist = [[Anup Rubens]]
| cover =
| alt =
| released = {{Film date|df=y|2017|7|30}}
| recorded = 2016
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = [[Soundtrack]]
| length = 18:02
| label = [[Times Music|Junglee Music]]
| producer = [[Anup Rubens]]
| prev_title = [[Katamarayudu]]
| prev_year = 2017
| next_title = [[Paisa Vasool (2017 film)|Paisa Vasool]]
| next_year = 2017
}}
The soundtrack album was composed by [[Anup Rubens]], and released on 30 July 2017 by [[Times Music|Junglee Music]].

=== Telugu Original Tracklist ===

{{Track listing
| all_writing =
| all_lyrics =
| all_music =
| collapsed =
| headline =
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| title1 = Devuditho Samaram
| length1 = 3:28
| title2 = Jogendra Jodendra
| lyrics1 = Lakshmi Bhupal, Surendra Krishna
| extra1 = [[Anoop Rubens]]
| length2 = 1:28
| lyrics2 = Surendra Krishna
| extra2 = Master Rishon Rubens, Divya
| title3 = Kathulatho
| length3 = 2:14
| lyrics3 = Lakshmi Bhupal
| extra3 = [[Anoop Rubens]]
| title4 = Radhamma Radhamma
| length4 = 4:17
| lyrics4 = Surendra Krishna
| extra4 = [[Vijay Yesudas]], [[Ramya Behara]]
| title5 = Sukhibhava Annara
| length5 = 4:15
| lyrics5 = Surendra Krishna
| extra5 = [[Shreya Ghoshal]], Rohith
| title6 = Sumangalai
| length6 = 2:24
| lyrics6 = Surendra Krishna
| extra6 = Sravani
| total_length = 18:02
}}

=== Tamil Tracklist ===

{{Track listing
| all_writing =
| all_lyrics =
| all_music = [[Anup Rubens]]
| collapsed =
| headline = Naan Aanaiyittaal (Dubbed Version)
| title1 = Nalla Iru
| length1 = 4:17

| title2 = Jogendra Jodendra
| lyrics1 =
| extra1 =
| length2 = 1:20

| title3 = Sodhanaiya Payanam
| length3 = 3:20

| title4 = Radhamma
| length4 = 4:17

| title5 = Vazhkaiye Irundu
| length5 = 2:23

| title6 = Kathigalai Uruvu
| length6 = 2:24

}}

== Critical reception ==
Purnima Sriram Iyer of ''[[The New Indian Express]]'' termed ''Nene Raju Nene Mantri'' a "riveting political drama"; Iyer found the narration "gripping and enthralling" and the dialogues "hard-hitting". She added that Teja writing was effective enough to let even a politically-ignorant person "enlightened about the subject".<ref>{{Cite news |last=Iyer |first=Purnima Sriram |date=12 August 2017 |title=Nene Raju Nene Mantri movie review: This Rana Daggubati film is a missed opportunity |url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/review/2017/aug/12/nenu-raja-nene-mantri-review-a-riveting-political-drama-1641895.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20170902102452/http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/review/2017/aug/12/nenu-raja-nene-mantri-review-a-riveting-political-drama-1641895--1.html |archive-date=2 September 2017 |access-date=2 September 2017 |work=The New Indian Express |df=dmy-all}}</ref> Hemanth Kumar, writing for ''[[Firstpost]]'', called ''Nene Raju Nene Mantri'' the "cinematic equivalent of [[Newton's laws of motion#Newton's 3rd Law|Newton's Third Law of Physics]]" where "every action is met with an equal and opposite reaction". Kumar noted that the leads' performances and Teja's writing are the film's strengths, adding that Aggarwal's portrayal of Radha was the "biggest revelation".<ref>{{Cite news |last=Kumar |first=Hemanth |date=15 August 2017 |title=Nene Raju Nene Mantri movie review: Rana Daggubati, Kajal shine in this riveting political drama |url=http://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/nene-raju-nene-mantri-movie-review-rana-daggubati-kajal-shine-in-this-riveting-political-drama-3919591.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20170902100551/http://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/nene-raju-nene-mantri-movie-review-rana-daggubati-kajal-shine-in-this-riveting-political-drama-3919591.html |archive-date=2 September 2017 |access-date=2 September 2017 |work=Firstpost |df=dmy-all}}</ref> Karthik Kumar of ''[[Hindustan Times]]'' noted that the entire film is built on the bonding between the lead characters, with the political backdrop used only "to give the story a solid padding". Kumar was appreciative of Daggubati's performance: "[His] powerful screen presence takes everything up a notch and it's a treat to watch him turn from good to grey."<ref>{{Cite news |last=Kumar |first=Karthik |date=11 August 2017 |title=Nene Raju Nene Mantri movie review: A Rana Daggubati show all the way |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/movie-reviews/nene-raju-nene-mantri-movie-review-rana-daggubati-returns-in-a-political-thriller/story-PUXrehVyHLJDpFm1bvz3OK.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20170902094802/http://www.hindustantimes.com/movie-reviews/nene-raju-nene-mantri-movie-review-rana-daggubati-returns-in-a-political-thriller/story-PUXrehVyHLJDpFm1bvz3OK.html |archive-date=2 September 2017 |access-date=2 September 2017 |work=Hindustan Times |df=dmy-all}}</ref> Suresh Kavirayani of ''[[Deccan Chronicle]]'' praised the performances and the portrayal of emotions such as love, hatred, smartness and cruelty handled by Jogendra. He, however, felt that the second half suffered from an "overdose of sentiment".<ref>{{Cite news |last=Kavirayani |first=Suresh |date=12 August 2017 |title=Nene Raju Nene Mantri movie review: Rana once again shows his intense acting skills |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/movie-reviews/120817/nene-raju-nene-mantri-movie-review-rana-once-again-shows-his-intense-acting-skills.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20170902101212/http://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/movie-reviews/120817/nene-raju-nene-mantri-movie-review-rana-once-again-shows-his-intense-acting-skills.html |archive-date=2 September 2017 |access-date=2 September 2017 |work=Deccan Chronicle |df=dmy-all}}</ref>

Writing for ''[[The Hindu]]'', Sangeetha Devi Dundoo opined that the film's later segments lacked the sharpness of the initial moments. She termed Jogendra as one of the "most intriguing characters Rana [Daggubati] has played" and found its actions troubling the narrative.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Dundoo |first=Sangeetha Devi |date=11 August 2017 |title='Nene Raju Nene Manthri' review: Curious case of Jogendra |url=http://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/nene-raju-nene-manthri-curious-case-of-jogendra/article19472303.ece |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20170902094244/http://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/nene-raju-nene-manthri-curious-case-of-jogendra/article19472303.ece |archive-date=2 September 2017 |access-date=2 September 2017 |work=The Hindu |df=dmy-all}}</ref> Neeshita Nyayapati, reviewing for ''[[The Times of India]]'', found ''Nene Raju Nene Mantri'' a good love story of Radha and Jogendra than an effective political drama; she stated that the political angle "seems like a pesky annoyance in an otherwise beautiful movie". Nyayapati was also critical of Rani's characterisation, calling it a "messy" one with "no thought put into it at all".<ref>{{Cite news |last=Nyayapati |first=Neeshita |date=11 August 2017 |title=Nene Raju Nene Mantri Movie Review |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movie-reviews/nene-raju-nene-mantri/movie-review/60018445.cms |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20170902095509/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movie-reviews/nene-raju-nene-mantri/movie-review/60018445.cms |archive-date=2 September 2017 |access-date=2 September 2017 |work=The Times of India |df=dmy-all}}</ref> [[Sify]] noted that the film turns "tedious and predictable" post intermission and criticised the script's lack of logic in the later portions. The reviewer added that Daggubati's portrayal of Jogendra was a "stunning act" and "very intense" in crucial scenes.<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 August 2017 |title=Nene Raju Nene Mantri Review: Rana's stunning act is a must-see |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/nene-raju-nene-mantri-review-ranas-stunning-act-is-a-must-see-review-telugu-rimkDEhghaiid.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20170902104407/http://www.sify.com/movies/nene-raju-nene-mantri-review-ranas-stunning-act-is-a-must-see-review-telugu-rimkDEhghaiid.html |archive-date=2 September 2017 |access-date=2 September 2017 |website=[[Sify]] |df=dmy-all}}</ref>

Criticising the lack of cohesiveness, Nagarjuna Rao of ''[[Gulf News]]'' added that the addition of few irrelevant characters and implausible situations in the later portions "drain the viewer much before the climax, which turns out to be a denouement". Rao also found Rubens' score "too loud, to the point of being irritating".<ref>{{Cite news |last=Rao |first=Nagarjuna |date=12 August 2017 |title='Nene Raju Nene Mantri' film review |url=http://gulfnews.com/leisure/movies/reviews/nene-raju-nene-mantri-film-review-1.2072712 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20170902105018/http://gulfnews.com/leisure/movies/reviews/nene-raju-nene-mantri-film-review-1.2072712 |archive-date=2 September 2017 |access-date=2 September 2017 |work=Gulf News |df=dmy-all}}</ref> Manoj Kumar R, writing for ''[[The Indian Express]]'', was critical of Teja's direction. He found the climax "cringe worthy" because of Teja's attempt to "underplay the gravity of crimes Jogendra committed". He also added that Teja's reservations failed to give Rana's character a logical conclusion.<ref>{{Cite news |last=R |first=Manoj Kumar |date=11 August 2017 |title=Nene Raju Nene Mantri movie review: This Rana Daggubati film is a missed opportunity |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/telugu/tollywood-movie-review/nene-raju-nene-mantri-movie-review-rana-daggubati-kajal-aggarwal-star-rating-4792103/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20170902101754/http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/telugu/tollywood-movie-review/nene-raju-nene-mantri-movie-review-rana-daggubati-kajal-aggarwal-star-rating-4792103/ |archive-date=2 September 2017 |access-date=2 September 2017 |work=The Indian Express |df=dmy-all}}</ref> K. Naresh Kumar of ''[[The Hans India]]'' found the film a "patchy effort" and criticised its indifferent treatment: "Building up the hero as a crusader for the common man, despite his questionable and violent tactics in retaining his political status is the main contradiction that one feels, the film suffers from."<ref>{{Cite news |last=Kumar |first=K Naresh |date=12 August 2017 |title=A patchy effort |url=http://www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/Cinema/2017-08-12/A-patchy-effort-/318462 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20170902105703/http://www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/Cinema/2017-08-12/A-patchy-effort-/318462 |archive-date=2 September 2017 |access-date=2 September 2017 |work=The Hans India |df=dmy-all}}</ref> Sowmya Rajendran of ''[[The News Minute]]'' opined that the narrative "simply does not hold together" and found the [[Computer Generated Imagery|CGI]] "patchy". Rajendran too felt that the film doesn't allow Jogendra's devolution "to really punch [the viewers] in the gut, because it wants to simultaneously hail him as a hero."<ref>{{Cite news |last=Rajendran |first=Sowmya |date=11 August 2017 |title='Nene Raju Nene Mantri' Review: A half-baked political thriller which tries too hard |url=http://www.thenewsminute.com/article/nene-raju-nene-mantri-review-half-baked-political-thriller-which-tries-too-hard-66638 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20170902110210/http://www.thenewsminute.com/article/nene-raju-nene-mantri-review-half-baked-political-thriller-which-tries-too-hard-66638 |archive-date=2 September 2017 |access-date=2 September 2017 |work=The News Minute |df=dmy-all}}</ref>

== Awards ==
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Event
!Category
!Recipient
!Result
!{{Abbr|Ref.|References}}
|-
|rowspan="4"|Zee Golden Awards 2017
|Favorite Heroine Of The Year
|Kajal Aggarwal (also for ''[[Khaidi No. 150]]'')
| {{Won}}
|<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hooli |first=Shekhar H. |date=2017-12-19 |title=Zee Telugu Golden Awards 2017 nomination list: Baahubali 2 gets highest nods, will Prabhas get an award? |url=https://www.ibtimes.co.in/zee-telugu-golden-awards-2017-nomination-list-baahubali-2-gets-highest-nods-will-prabhas-get-753807 |access-date=2024-03-05 |website=www.ibtimes.co.in |language=en}}</ref>
|}

== References ==
{{Reflist|30em}}

{{Teja (film director)}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|id=7249854}}

[[Category:2017 films]]
[[Category:2017 Telugu-language films]]
[[Category:Films directed by Teja (film director)]]
[[Category:Films scored by Anoop Rubens]]
[[Category:Indian action thriller films]]
[[Category:Indian political thriller films]]
[[Category:Indian political action films]]
[[Category:Films about politicians]]
[[Category:2017 action thriller films]]
[[Category:2010s political thriller films]]
[[Category:Suresh Productions films]]

Mysore invasion of Calicut

2026-03-24T18:02:47Z

Vivek.Dantkale: creating bio.

{{Short description|1757 invasion by Hyder Ali}}
{{Infobox military conflict
| conflict = Mysore invasion of Calicut
| place = [[Calicut]], [[Kerala]], [[India]]
| width =
| partof = Mysorean invasion of Malabar
| date = July 1757
| territory =
| result = [[Mysore]]an victory
| combatant1 = {{flagicon|Kingdom of Mysore}} [[Kingdom of Mysore]]
*[[Palakkad district|Kingdom of Palakkad]]
| combatant2 = [[Calicut]]
| commander1 = {{flagicon|Kingdom of Mysore}} [[Hyder Ali]] {{flagicon|Kingdom of Mysore}} Makhdoom Ali
| commander2 = [[Zamorin|Zamorin Raja]]
| casualties1 =
| casualties2 =
| strength1 = '''Total''': 7,000<ref name="Ayyar 1938">{{citation|url=https://archive.org/details/TheZamorinsOfCalicut/page/n247/mode/2up|last=Ayyar|first=K.V Krishna|title=The Zamorins of Calicut|date= 1938}}</ref>
*5,000 Infantry<ref name="Ayyar 1938"/>
*2,000 Cavalry<ref name="Ayyar 1938"/>
*5 Cannons<ref name="Ayyar 1938"/>
| strength2 = Unknown
}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2017}}
{{Mysore Invasion of Kerala}}
The '''Mysore invasion of Calicut''' was the result of the Calicut's attack on Palghat in 1756–1757. This comprised the attacks of the [[Zamorin]] of [[History of Kozhikode|Calicut]] on the Kingdom of [[Palakkad]], situated east to Calicut.<ref name = Logan/> It was a continuation of the attacks on the Kingdom of [[Valluvanad (southern Malabar)|Valluvanad]], the traditional rival of Calicut. In the one sided Valluvanad attacks the Zamorin had captured much of the land from Eranad to Nedunganad. So, this time Zamorin marched against Palakkad and easily occupied Nadvattom which tore the Kingdom of Palakkad right through the middle.<ref name = Logan>Logan, William (2006). ''Malabar Manual'', Mathrubhumi Books, Calicut. {{ISBN|978-81-8264-046-7}}.</ref>

Komi [[Achan (title)|Achan]], the King of Palakkad, requested the [[faujdar]] of [[Dindigul]], [[Hyder Ali]] to help him. Zamorin was fighting a war against Raja of [[Kingdom of Cochin|Cochin]] at that time.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Rajendran|first=N|title=Background of the Mysorean Invasion of Malabar 1765–66|date=1978|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/44139404|journal=Proceedings of the Indian History Congress|volume=39|pages=613–617|jstor=44139404}}</ref> [[Hyder Ali]] sent a massive force under his brother-in-law Makhdoom Ali and soon the allied forces swept through the Zamorin's territory and reached the sea coast.<ref name = Logan/> By these attacks, Hyder Ali also planned to capture the vast treasuries of Malabar kings which were obtained by the [[spice trade]].<ref>Panikkassery, Velayudhan. '' Tipu Sultan'' MM Publications (2007), Kottayam India {{ISBN?}} {{page?|date=February 2025}}</ref>

Zamorin came to a treaty with Haider Ali, in which he was demanded to pay twelve lack rupees as the [[war reparations]]. However, the Zamorin technically deceived Hyder Ali after the return of the Mysore Army from [[Malabar Coast|Malabar]].<ref name = Logan/> But, for his role in these activities, Hyder Ali was rewarded by Devaraja, the Prime Minister of [[Kingdom of Mysore|Mysore]], with the [[jaghir]] (regional governorship) of [[Bangalore]].<ref>{{cite book|title=Tipu Sultan's search for legitimacy : Islam and kingship in a Hindu domain |date= 1997|oclc=246448596 }}</ref>

==Background==
[[File:Zamorin of Calicut.jpg|thumb|Zamorin of Calicut]]
The [[Zamorin|Zamorins of Calicut]] were one among the eleven successors of the [[Chera dynasty|Chera empire]], and it's ruler called Nediyiruppu Swaroopam, commonly referred to as the Zamorin due to their hereditary title.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qAwwAQAAIAAJ |title=Encyclopaedia Indica: Kerala-Malabar |date=2001 |publisher=Anmol Publications |isbn=978-81-7041-859-7 |pages=2270 |language=en}}</ref> The port-town of [[Calicut]] had already gained renown as an international trade hub for spices and textiles. The rulers of this kingdom flourished through their maritime trade connections, amassing significant prosperity and consolidating considerable political influence and authority throughout the Middle Ages in [[Kerala]]'s history.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Mathew |first=K. S. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=u0IwDwAAQBAJ |title=Shipbuilding, Navigation and the Portuguese in Pre-modern India |year=2017 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-351-58833-1 |pages=130 |language=en}}</ref>

The Zamorins of Calicut were sovereign rulers who fiercely preserved their independence for over eight centuries, never bowing to the authority of even the mighty [[Mughal Empire]] in Delhi. Renowned for their hospitality, religious tolerance, and patronage, they welcomed trading communities from various nations, including [[Arabs]], [[Ethiopians|Abyssinians]], and [[Egyptians]]. These foreign traders, along with their families and agents, were provided with facilities to establish settlements across the coastline of the Zamorin's domains.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Mehta |first=Jaswant Lal |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=d1wUgKKzawoC |title=Advanced Study in the History of Modern India 1707–1813 |year=2005 |publisher=Sterling Publishers Pvt. Ltd |isbn=978-1-932705-54-6 |pages=324 |language=en}}</ref> The Zamorin maintained a formidable defensive force commanded by [[Mappila Muslims]] and [[Nair]]s.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Koshy |first=M. O. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ro8SLhyAc9AC |title=The Dutch Power in Kerala, 1729–1758 |date=1989 |publisher=Mittal Publications |isbn=978-81-7099-136-6 |language=en}}</ref> The naval fleet of the Zamorin, led by [[Kunjali Marakkar]]s, gained renown for repelling Portuguese campaigns in the Arabian Sea.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Kurup |first=K. K. N. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HKmXcBCKEcAC |title=India's Naval Traditions: The Role of Kunhali Marakkars |date=1997 |publisher=Northern Book Centre |isbn=978-81-7211-083-3 |language=en}}</ref>
[[File:"Hyder Ali," a steel engraving from the 1790's (with modern hand coloring).jpg|thumb|Hyder Ali]]
In 1755, [[Hyder Ali]], the commander of the [[Kingdom of Mysore]], assumed the role of [[Faujdar]] of the Mysore stronghold [[Dindigul]], commanding a force comprising 3,000 infantry and 1,500 cavalry. During this period, Hyder Ali initiated independent campaigns, deviating from actions solely for the Kingdom of Mysore.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Bhatia |first=O. P. Singh |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=smdXAAAAMAAJ |title=History of India, from 1707 to 1856 |date=1968 |publisher=Surjeet Book Depot |language=en}}</ref>

From 1751 onwards, Hyder embarked on an aggressive campaign of conquest and annexation. He successfully annexed [[Sira, Karnataka|Sira]] and its dependencies, as well as forts previously occupied by the [[Maratha Empire|Marathas]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Nath |first=Rajendra |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6D0sAAAAIAAJ |title=Military Leadership in India: Vedic Period to Indo-Pak Wars |date=1990 |publisher=Lancers Books |isbn=978-81-7095-018-9 |pages=185 |language=en}}</ref> The [[Polygar|Poligars]] of [[Raidurg]] and the chief of [[Harapanahalli|Harpunhalli]] surrendered without resistance, while the [[Chitradurga|Chittaldurg]] Poligar's evasion of Hyder's summons led to the forcible annexation of their country.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Kamalakar |first1=G. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2TBuAAAAMAAJ |title=South Indian Archaeology |last2=Veerender |first2=M. |last3=Babu |first3=Avadhanula Vijaya Kumar |date=2000 |publisher=Bharatiya Kala Prakashan |isbn=978-81-86050-32-3 |pages=41 |language=en}}</ref>

Hyder's notable achievement during this period was the conquest of [[Nagara, Karnataka|Bednur]]. Despite the [[Rani]] of Bednur offering a ransom of 15 lakhs of pagodas, Hyder marched against the city, finding it almost undefended as the Rani had fled to [[Ballari|Bellalraydurg]]. Seizing [[Basavaraj Durga Island|Basavarajdurg]], [[Honnavar|Honave]], [[Mangalore]], and Bellalraydurg, Hyder strengthened the fortifications of Bednur, renaming it [[Nagara, Karnataka|Hydernagar]]. It is noteworthy that Hyder proclaimed himself as the true master of these dominions, unlike in other parts of the kingdom where he administered in the name of the Mysore king. This marked the first instance where Hyder asserted his right to strike coinage in his own name, considering Bednur as his '[[Swaraj]]ya' (self-rule).<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Alexander |first=P. C. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=obe1AAAAIAAJ |title=The Dutch in Malabar |date=1946 |publisher=Annamalai University |pages=78–81 |language=en}}</ref>

The influence of the [[Kolathiri]] dynasty was limited to the town of [[Chirakkal, Kannur|Chirakkal]]. The Muslim leader, [[Ali Raja]], held authority over [[Kannur]]. The [[Kadathanadu|Kadathonad]] chief governed the region between the [[Mahé River|Mahe]] and [[Kuttiady#Kuttiady River (Kuttiady Puzha)|Kotta]] rivers. A branch of the Kilattanad family extended north of the [[Kavvayi Backwaters|Kavvyi]] river. The [[Kottayam]] [[Taluk]] was divided between the Iruvalinad [[Nambiar (Nair subcaste)|Nambiars]] and the Puranad or [[Kingdom of Kottayam|Kottayam Rajas]]. Hyder had ambitious designs on Malabar from the very beginning. The intricate political landscape in Malabar provided him with a significant opportunity.<ref name=":0" />

== War at Palakkad==
The initial opportunity for Hyder to invade Malabar arose when the ruler of [[Palakkad]] sought assistance. In 1756, the Zamorin of Calicut expanded his kingdom by defeating weaker adversaries, including the Raja of Palakkad, capturing a portion of his territory, and named it as [[Naduvattom, Malappuram|Naduvattam]]. Consequently, the Raja of Palakkad turned to Hyder Ali for support.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TjVuAAAAMAAJ |title=A Handbook of Kerala |date=2000 |publisher=International School of Dravidian Linguistics |isbn=978-81-85692-31-9 |pages=608 |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":0" />

Suddenly, Hyder dispatched his brother-in-law, Makhthoom Ali Khan, to Palakkad with an army comprising 2,000 cavalry, 5,000 infantry, and five cannons to aid the Raja of Palakkad. The Mysorean forces received support from the Nairs of Palakkad, and together they repelled the troops of the Zamorin from the Palakkad territories. Realizing the inability of his troops to withstand the Mysorean assault, the Zamorin surrendered and consented to pay a war indemnity of twelve lakh rupees.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Nair |first=Adoor K. K. Ramachandran |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tTZuAAAAMAAJ |title=Kerala State Gazetteer |date=1999 |publisher=State Editor, Kerala Gazetteers |isbn=978-81-85499-35-2 |pages=259 |language=en}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Calicut kingdom]]
[[Category:Mysorean invasion of Malabar]]
[[Category:Battles involving the Kingdom of Calicut]]

George Brown (governor of Bombay)

2026-03-23T04:33:52Z

Vivek.Dantkale: New a info

{{Short description|British Governor of Bombay}}
{{Other people|George Brown}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2018}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| honorific_prefix = [[The Honourable]]
| name = George Brown
| honorific_suffix =
| image =
| image_size =
| caption =
| office1 = [[Governor of Bombay]]
| term_start1 = 1811
| term_end1 = 1812
| predecessor1 = [[Jonathan Duncan (Governor of Bombay)|Jonathan Duncan]]
| successor1 = [[Evan Nepean|Sir Evan Nepean]]
| birth_date = 15 December 1775
| birth_place =
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1819|05|01|1775|12|15|df=y}}
| death_place = [[Baker Street]], [[London]]
| resting_place = [[Streatham]]
| education =
| occupation = [[East India Company]] official
| spouse = {{marriage|Hannah Roberts|1811}}
| parents =
| children = 6
}}
'''George Brown''' (15 December 1775 – 1 May 1819) was an [[East India Company]] [[civil servant]] and the British [[governor of Bombay]] from 11 August 1811 to 12 August 1812. Acting temporarily in the role after the death in office of [[Jonathan Duncan (Governor of Bombay)|Jonathan Duncan]], he was replaced by [[Evan Nepean|Sir Evan Nepean]]. His time in office included work combatting Indian [[infanticide]] and communication with [[Muhammad Ali of Egypt]] on the [[Ottoman–Wahhabi war]].

==Early life==
George Brown was born on 15 December 1775, the son of Thomas Brown, an [[East Indies]] merchant, and Hannah {{nee}} Heptinstall. He was their sixth child.{{sfnp|Oman|1965|p=17}}{{sfnp|Howard|Crisp|1896|p=55}}

==Career==
Brown became an employee of the [[East India Company]] in the [[Bombay Civil Service]], working in India as a writer ([[clerk]]) as early as 2 April 1789, when he had a [[Charter|covenant]] created.{{sfnp|IHRC|1949|p=138}}{{sfnp|Oman|1965|p=42}}{{sfnp|Howard|Crisp|1896|p=55}} He returned to Britain on [[furlough]] in early 1808 and visited his family at Winifred House in [[Bath, Somerset]].{{sfnp|Oman|1965|pp=45–46}}

Brown was appointed Third Member of the [[Bombay]] Council while in Britain on 18 January 1811. He sailed to India on board the merchant ship [[Northampton (1801 ship)|''Northampton'']] on 11 March, and took his seat in Bombay on 23 July.{{sfnp|Auber|1826|p=756}}<ref>{{cite news|date=2 March 1811|title=Passengers for India|work=The Caledonian Mercury|location=Edinburgh|page=4}}</ref>{{sfnp|Oman|1965|p=53}}

With Brown serving as Senior Member of Council, on 11 August the [[Governor of Bombay]], [[Jonathan Duncan (Governor of Bombay)|Jonathan Duncan]], died in office. As the next-most senior official, Brown assumed post to officiate as governor until a new appointee could be sent out.{{sfnp|Douglas|1893|p=378}} Brown continued the policy Duncan had begun of combatting [[infanticide]] among the Indian population, supporting [[Captain (British Army and Royal Marines)|Captain]] [[James Rivett-Carnac]] in his expedition against Jam Jasaji Lakhaji, ruler of [[Nawanagar State]].{{sfnp|Wilson|1855|pp=94–95}}

In November the same year, Brown refused a request for military aid from [[Muhammad Ali of Egypt]], who was fighting the [[Ottoman–Wahhabi war]] in which Britain was neutral. By July 1812 setbacks in his campaign against the [[Wahhabi]]s led Ali to again request help from Brown, but this was once more refused, although Brown allowed Ali's agent to purchase military supplies to return with.{{sfnp|Angrist|1965|pp=147–148}} Brown continued in office until [[Evan Nepean|Sir Evan Nepean]] arrived from England to replace him on 12 August 1812.{{sfnp|Douglas|1893|p=378}} Brown remained on the council, by 1814 still taking precedent as Third Member of Council, behind Nepean and [[Miles Nightingall|Sir Miles Nightingall]].{{sfnp|Auber|1826|p=756}}{{sfnp|Hough|1839|p=498}} During this time he served as a vice-president of the Bombay Bible Society.{{sfnp|Hough|1839|p=498}} He resigned from the Bombay Council on 7 September 1817.{{sfnp|Auber|1826|p=756}}

==Personal life==
While in Britain on furlough in 1808 Brown met and debated marriage to Ellen Sneade, however she was resolutely engaged to another. Despite Brown being presented by his family as a better prospect due to his position in India, nothing came of it.{{sfnp|Oman|1965|p=46}} Instead he married Hannah Roberts of [[Grittleton House]] on 16 February 1811, in [[Grittleton]], [[Wiltshire]].<ref>{{cite news|date=19 February 1811|page=3|title=Married|work=The Times|location=London}}</ref> She travelled with him to India alongside his niece, Hannah Brown. Arrived in India, Brown organised the marriage of Hannah Brown to Captain Monier Williams, with their subsequent children including [[Monier Monier-Williams|Sir Monier Monier-Williams]].{{sfnp|Oman|1965|pp=54–55}} Brown's wife became the patroness of the female branch of the Bombay Bible Society.{{sfnp|Hough|1839|p=499}} Together they had one son and five daughters.{{sfnp|Oman|1965|p=17}}

Having returned again to Britain, Brown died in his house in [[Baker Street]], [[London]], on 1 May 1819.<ref>{{cite news|date=3 May 1819|title=Died|location=London|work=The Times}}</ref> He was buried in [[Streatham]]. His wife Hannah greatly outlived him, dying aged 88 on 12 February 1876.{{sfnp|Howard|Crisp|1896|p=55}}

==Citations==
{{Reflist}}

==References==
*{{cite book|last=Angrist|first=Stanley W.|year=1965|title=East Africa and its Invaders|location=New York|publisher=Russell & Russell}}
*{{cite book|last=Auber|first=Peter|year=1826|title=Analysis of the Constitution of the East India Company|location=London|publisher= Kingsbury, Parbury and Allen}}
*{{cite book|last=Douglas|first=James|year=1893|title=Bombay and Western India|location=London|publisher=S. Low, Marston & company}}
*{{cite book|last=Hough|first=James|year=1839|title=The History of Christianity in India|volume=2|location=London|publisher=R.B. Seeley and W. Burnside}}
*{{cite book|last1=Howard|first1=Joseph Jackson|last2=Crisp|first2=Frederick Arthur|year=1896|title=Visitation of England and Wales|location=London|publisher=College of Arms}}
*{{cite book|title=Indian Historical Records Commission Proceedings of the Meetings of the Silver Jubilee Session|volume=25|year=1949|location=Delhi|publisher=Government of India Press|ref={{harvid|IHRC|1949}}}}
*{{cite book|last=Oman|first=Carola|year=1965|title=Ayot Rectory|location=London|publisher=Hodder and Stoughton}}
*{{cite book|last=Wilson|first=John|year=1855|title=History of the Suppression of Infanticide in Western India|location=Bombay|publisher=Smith Taylor}}

{{s-start}}
{{S-off}}
{{Succession box | title=[[Governor of Bombay]]
| before= [[Jonathan Duncan (Governor of Bombay)|Jonathan Duncan]]
| after= [[Evan Nepean|Sir Evan Nepean, Bt.]]
| years= 1811–1812}}
{{s-end}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Brown, George}}
[[Category:1775 births]]
[[Category:1819 deaths]]
[[Category:Governors of Bombay]]

Hafiz Mehmood Khan Shirani

2026-03-22T19:10:54Z

Vivek.Dantkale: adding new details

{{Short description|Indian researcher and poet}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2018}}
[[File:Prof. Hafiz Mahmood Shirani.jpg|thumb|Prof. Hafiz Mahmood Shirani, A renowned scholar of Arabic, Persian & Urdu literature. (Source: Arabic Persian Research Institute, Tonk, Rajasthan)]]
'''Hafiz Mehmood Shirani''' (5 October 1880 {{endash}} 15 February 1946) was an Indian researcher and poet during the [[British Raj|British era]].<ref name=InternetArchive>{{cite web|website=Internet Archive website|title=Punjab Mein Urdu by Hafiz Mehmood Khan Shirani - a literary criticism (in Urdu language)|author=Mian Noor Hassan|url=https://archive.org/details/PunjabMeinUrduHafizMehmoodKhanShirani}}</ref><ref name=Dawn/><ref name=UrduPoint/>

He was the father of famous Urdu poet [[Akhtar Sheerani]] (1905 {{endash}} 1948).<ref name=UrduPoint/>

==Life and career==
Mehmood Khan Shirani was born on 5 October 1880 in [[Tonk, India|Tonk]], [[Rajasthan]], [[British India]].<ref name=Dawn/><ref name=UrduPoint/> He memorized the Quran at a young age and then first learned the basics of Persian language.<ref name=UrduPoint/> Then he finished his basic early school education in [[Jodhpur]], [[Rajasthan]] in 1898.<ref name=UrduPoint/> After that, he went to [[Lahore]] to do his ''Munshi Alam'' degree in 1899 followed by a ''Munshi Faazal'' degree in 1901.<ref name=UrduPoint/>

His son, Muhammad Dawood Khan, later to become a notable Urdu poet by the professional name [[Akhtar Sheerani]] (1905-1948) was born on 4 May 1905 in his native town Tonk, Rajasthan.<ref name=UrduPoint/>

Mehmood Shirani started teaching Urdu at [[Islamia College, Lahore]] in 1921.<ref name=Dawn/><ref>{{cite book|last1=By Mohan Lal|title=Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature: Sasay to Zorgot via Google Books|year=1992|publisher=Sahitya Akademi|pages=4020|isbn=9788126012213|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KnPoYxrRfc0C&q=Hafiz+Mehmood+Khan+Shirani&pg=PA4020}}</ref><ref name=UrduPoint/>

In 1928, he started teaching at [[Oriental College, Lahore]]. He retired from his teaching profession in 1940. He was a researcher and his "Punjab Mein Urdu" theory and later published book made him famous.<ref name=Dawn/><ref name=InternetArchive/>

==Death==
Hafiz Mehmood Khan Shirani died on 15 February 1946 in his native town of [[Tonk, India|Tonk]], [[Rajasthan]], [[British India]].<ref name=Dawn>{{cite news|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/968795/was-urdu-born-in-punjab|author=Rauf Parekh|title=Was Urdu born in Punjab?|date=8 February 2010|newspaper=Dawn newspaper|archive-date=21 October 2025|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251021234002/https://www.dawn.com/news/968795/was-urdu-born-in-punjab|access-date=21 October 2025}}</ref><ref name=UrduPoint/>

== Works ==
=== Books ===
**''Punjab Mein Urdu'' (1928)<ref name=Dawn/><ref name=UrduPoint/>
**''Tanqid-e-Sherul [[Ajam]]'' (1942)<ref name=UrduPoint/>
**''[[Ferdowsi|Firdausi]] par char Maqale''
**''Rise and progress of Mohammedanism''
**''Maqalat-e-Hafiz Mahmood Shirani'' (1948) (later, after his death, 10 editions of this book were published in Pakistan from 1966 to 2007)<ref name=UrduPoint/>
**''Khaliq-e-Bari'' (1944)<ref name=Dawn/><ref name=UrduPoint/>

=== Articles ===
**''[[Yusuf and Zulaikha|Eusuf va Zulekha]]-e Firdausi<ref name="UrduPoint" />''
**''Firdausi ka mazhab<ref name="UrduPoint" />''
**''Hijv [[Mahmud of Ghazni|Sultan Mahmood Ghaznavi]]''
**''Farsi Shayeri aur unki qadamat irtebate Aruz''
**''[[Ghalib|Mirza Ghalib]] ka kalam (Urdu-[[Persian language|Farsi]])''
**''[[Mathnawi|Mathnavi]]-e Arwatul Wasqi of Shahabi''
**''[[Hindustan]] mai [[Mughal Empire|Mughlon]] se qabl farsi Adab''
**''Khazain-ul Futuh az [[Amir Khusrau|Amir Khosrau]]''
**''Number of papers on [[Daqiqi]] and [[Qabus-nama|Qabusnama]]''

== Origin of Urdu ==
Hafiz Mehmood Shirani is credited with the theory that [[Urdu]] was born in [[Punjab]]. He claimed that since [[Mahmud of Ghazni]] had conquered [[Lahore]] and Muslims stayed there for some 200 years before invading [[Delhi]] in 1193, Urdu must have taken shape during that period and, in a way, the Punjabi language gave birth to Urdu. The theory goes that the Muslims brought Urdu language from Punjab to Delhi with them.<ref name=Dawn/><ref name=InternetArchive/>

Two centuries later, Sherani claimed that Muslim conquerors brought the language to Delhi with them.<ref name=Dawn/><ref name=InternetArchive/> He listed some similarities between Urdu and Punjabi.<ref name=InternetArchive/><ref>{{cite book|last1=Dildār ʻAlī Farmān Fatiḥpūrī, Dild−ar ʻAl−i Farm−an Fatiḥp−ur−i|title=Pakistan movement and Hindi-Urdu conflict|year=1987|publisher=Sang-e-Meel Publications, 1987 - Foreign Language Study - 406 pages|page=24|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wc61AAAAIAAJ&q=hafiz+mehmood+khan+sherani}}</ref>

Shirani was not the first to reach this conclusion, preceded by linguists such as [[Suniti Kumar Chatterjee]], T. Graham Bailey and [[Mohiuddin Qadri Zore]]. However Shirani was the first to deeply research the theory.<ref name=Dawn/><ref name=InternetArchive/>

== Teacher ==
An article named <nowiki>''Urdu Tahqeeq Ka Muallam e Awwal''</nowiki><ref name=UrduPoint>{{Cite web|last=Butt|first=Muhammad Usman |date=27 April 2021|title=Urdu Tahqeeq Ka Muallam e Awwal (First Teacher of Research on Urdu language - Hafiz Mehmood Khan Shirani) (original article in Urdu language)|url=https://www.urdupoint.com/daily/column/muhammad-usman-butt/33129/urdu-tehqeeq-ka-mualaam-awal.html |access-date=21 October 2025|website=Urdupoint.com website|url-status=dead|archive-date=29 August 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230829103012/https://www.urdupoint.com/daily/column/muhammad-usman-butt/33129/urdu-tehqeeq-ka-mualaam-awal.html}}</ref> written by Muhammad Usman Butt, critically analyzed the contributions of Shirani in the field of Urdu linguistics and research.

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{Internet Archive author |sname=Hafiz Mehmood Khan Shirani}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Shirani, Hafiz Mehmood Khan}}
[[Category:1880 births]]
[[Category:Urdu-language Indian poets]]
[[Category:1946 deaths]]
[[Category:Urdu-language writers from British India]]
[[Category:20th-century Urdu-language writers]]
[[Category:Literary critics of Urdu]]
[[Category:Urdu-language essayists]]
[[Category:Urdu-language letter writers]]
[[Category:People from Tonk district]]
[[Category:Urdu-language theologians]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian poets]]
[[Category:Linguists of Urdu]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian educators]]
[[Category:Writers from British India]]
[[Category:Rajasthani people]]
[[Category:Academic staff of the Oriental College, Lahore]]
[[Category:Academic staff of the Government Islamia College]]

Lantrani

2026-03-17T08:38:25Z

Vivek.Dantkale: creating a stub.

{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2024}}
{{Infobox film
| image = Lantrani Poster 2024.jpg
| caption = Release poster
| director = {{plainlist|
* [[Gurvinder Singh (director)|Gurvinder Singh]]
* [[Kaushik Ganguly]]
* Bhaskar Hazarika
}}
| writer = Durgesh Singh
| producer = {{plainlist|
*Pranay Garg
*Piyush Dinesh Gupta
}}
| starring = {{plainlist|
*[[Johny Lever]]
*[[Jitendra Kumar]]
*[[Jisshu Sengupta]]
*[[Nimisha Sajayan]]
}}
| cinematography = {{plainlist|
*[[Sandeep Yadav (cinematographer)|Sandeep Yadav]]
*[[Riju Das]]
*[[Appu Prabhakar]]
}}
| editing = {{plainlist|
*Reema Kaur
*Suresh Pai
*Subhajit Singha
}}
| music = {{plainlist|
*Vinod K Ram
*Indraadip Das Gupta
*Abhishek Jain
}}
| studio = {{plainlist|
*Neeljai Films
*NMKRH
}}
| distributor = [[ZEE5]]
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2024|2|9}}
| runtime = 99 minutes
| country = India
| language = Hindi
}}
'''''Lantrani''''' is a 2024 Indian [[Hindi|Hindi-language]] [[Anthology film|anthology]] [[Comedy film|comedy]] [[Drama (film and television)|drama]] directed by [[Gurvinder Singh (director)|Gurvinder Singh]], [[Kaushik Ganguly]], and Bhaskar Hazarika and written by Durgesh Singh.<ref>{{Cite web |title='Lantrani' trailer unveils the unseen realities of rural India |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/my-kolkata/try-this/watch/anthology-film-lantrani-brings-three-unique-stories-from-rural-india-to-zee-5-on-february-9/cid/1998153 |access-date=2024-02-26 |website=www.telegraphindia.com}}</ref> It stars [[Johnny Lever|Johny Lever]], [[Jitendra Kumar]], [[Jisshu Sengupta]], and [[Nimisha Sajayan]] in the lead roles.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Jitendra Kumar to feature in Gurvinder Singh's anthology film 'Lantrani' |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/jitendra-kumar-johny-lever-to-join-forces-for-gurvinder-singhs-lantrani-2494397-2024-01-27 |access-date=2024-03-25 |website=India Today |date=27 January 2024 |language=en}}</ref> Avinash Gupta contributes to the songwriting while the [[Film score|background score]] is crafted by Vinod K Ram, Indraadip Das Gupta, and Abhishek Jain. Produced by Pranay Garg and Piyush Dinesh Gupta under the banner of Neeljai Films and NMKRH, the film was released on 9 February 2024 on [[ZEE5]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2024-02-02 |title=Johnny Lever, Jitendra Kumar, Jisshu Sengupta's Lantrani To Release On THIS Date; Details Inside |url=https://www.news18.com/movies/johnny-lever-jitendra-kumar-jisshu-senguptas-lantrani-to-release-on-this-date-details-inside-8764300.html |access-date=2024-03-25 |website=News18 |language=en |archive-date=25 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240325150045/https://www.news18.com/movies/johnny-lever-jitendra-kumar-jisshu-senguptas-lantrani-to-release-on-this-date-details-inside-8764300.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Plot==
{{No plot|date=March 2026}}

== Cast ==
{{Cast listing|
* [[Johny Lever]]
* [[Jitendra Kumar]]
* [[Jisshu Sengupta]]
* Sanjay Mahanand
* [[Boloram Das]]
* [[Nimisha Sajayan]]
* Rajesh Awasthi
* Bhagwan Tiwari
}}

== Release ==
Lantranti was released on [[ZEE5]] on 9 February 2024 without any theatrical release.<ref name=":0" />

== Reception ==
Ronak Kotecha from ''[[The Times of India]]'' rated the film 3.5 stars out of 5 stars and said "Overall, 'Lantrani' is a deeply moving and entertaining concoction of stories telling the bitter truths of our system that continue to remain a way of life."<ref>{{Cite news |title=Lantrani Review : This satirical anthology by national award winning directors hits the bulls eye |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/movie-reviews/lantrani/ottmoviereview/107533020.cms |access-date=2024-03-25 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=18 February 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240218133913/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/movie-reviews/lantrani/ottmoviereview/107533020.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> Anindita Mukherjee from ''[[India Today]]'' rated the film 3 stars out of 5 stars and said "In case you have been looking for a realistic weekend watch that doesn't feel too heavy on the eyes or the head, 'Lantrani' could be your pick, barring a few hits and missesâ€æjust like life."<ref>{{Cite web |title='Lantrani' review: Johny Lever, Jisshu Sengupta's film drives the anthology |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/reviews/story/lantrani-review-johny-lever-jisshu-sengupta-film-drives-the-anthology-2499838-2024-02-09 |access-date=2024-03-25 |website=India Today |date=9 February 2024 |language=en}}</ref>

Saibal Chatterjee from ''[[NDTV]]'' rated the film 3 stars out of 5 stars and said "Although none of the three short fiction films is anywhere near the filmmaker's best work, the triptych works primarily because of the stylistic and thematic range that it offers."<ref>{{Cite web |title=Lantrani Review: Anthology Film Studded With Arresting Flourishes |url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/lantrani-review-anthology-film-studded-with-arresting-flourishes-3-stars-5030139 |access-date=2024-03-25 |website=NDTV.com |archive-date=20 February 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240220075720/https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/lantrani-review-anthology-film-studded-with-arresting-flourishes-3-stars-5030139 |url-status=live }}</ref> Snigdha Nalini from ''[[Outlook (Indian magazine)|Outlook India]]'' rated the film 3.5 stars out of 5 stars and said "When three critically acclaimed directors come together for a series, you can expect a good watch. But sometimes this expectation is what pulls the story down. With 'Lantrani', the three directors have delivered their individual best."<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-02-12 |title='Lantrani' On Zee5 Review: Johnny Lever-Jitendra Kumar Anthology Series Has Some Flaws |url=https://www.outlookindia.com/art-entertainment/lantrani-on-zee5-review-this-johnny-lever-jitendra-kumar-anthology-series-is-brilliant-but-disjointed |access-date=2024-03-25 |website=Outlook India |language=en}}</ref>

Nandini Ramnath from ''[[Scroll.in]]'' said "A television network station that appears to be functioning out of a house comes up with what is hoped to be a revenue-earning solution to beat the health crisis."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ramnath |first=Nandini |date=2024-02-09 |title=Review: Anthology film 'Lantrani' is steadied by surprise casting choices |url=https://scroll.in/reel/1063364/review-anthology-film-lantrani-is-steadied-by-surprise-casting-choices |access-date=2024-03-25 |website=Scroll.in |language=en-US}}</ref> Pallabi Purkayastha from ''[[Times Now]]'' rated the film 2.5 stars out of 5 stars and said "All-in-all, Lantrani is that good boss you wish to see more of in life but, alas, she chooses to stick with the same bad corporate. A tad more sincerity, and Lantrani would have been the most-talked-about anthology of the year... If only the makers could get the finer details right."<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-02-09 |title=Lantrani Movie Review: Johnny Lever, Jitendra Kumar Wasted In Sincere Yet Half-Baked Anthology |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/reviews/web-series/lantrani-movie-review-johny-lever-jitendra-kumar-wasted-in-sincere-yet-half-baked-anthology-review-107529030 |access-date=2024-03-25 |website=TimesNow |language=en}}</ref>

Shreyas Pande from ''[[Cinema Express]]'' rated the film 1.5 stars out of 5 stars and said "Lantrani could have been a far better experience if the acclaimed filmmakers were given independent grounds to write and tell their stories. Here, it feels as if their own sensibilities are hacked to death and they are just technicians saying 'action' and 'cut'."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Pande |first=Shreyas |date=2024-02-09 |title=Lantrani Movie Review: An anthology of mediocrity |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/hindi/review/2024/Feb/09/lantranimovie-review-an-anthology-of-mediocrity-51905.html |access-date=2024-03-25 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|id=tt31171944}}
{{Gurvinder Singh}}
[[Category:2024 comedy-drama films]]
[[Category:2024 films]]
[[Category:2024 Hindi-language films]]
[[Category:2024 Indian films]]
[[Category:Hindi-language comedy-drama films]]
[[Category:Indian anthology films]]
[[Category:Indian comedy-drama films]]

Nandini Chakravorty

2026-03-17T03:36:01Z

Vivek.Dantkale:

{{Short description|Indian Administrative Service officer (born 1969)}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Nandini Chakravorty
| image =
| caption =
| office = [[Chief secretary (India)|Chief Secretary]], [[Government of West Bengal]]
| appointer = [[Mamata Banerjee]]
| predecessor = Manoj Pant
| successor = Dushyant Nariala
| term_start = 1 January 2026
| term_end = 15 March 2026<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ahead of Assembly polls, EC reshuffles West Bengal’s top bureaucracy and police officers|url=https://www.thehindu.com/elections/west-bengal-assembly/election-commission-removes-chief-secretary-home-secretary-in-poll-bound-west-bengal/article70748767.ece|publisher=[[The Hindu]]|access-date=16 March 2026 }}</ref>
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1969|06|10|df=y}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Civil List of IAS Officers |url=https://dtf.in/wp-content/files/Civil_List_of_IAS_Officers_-_Appendix_A_-_Combined_Gradation_List_of_IAS_Officers_appointed_on_the_result_of_annual_competitive_Exam._As_on_01.01.2014-civillist.ias.nic.in.htm |access-date=2026-01-01 |website=dtf.in}}</ref>
| birth_place =
| occupation = [[Bureaucrat]]
| alma_mater = [[Lady Brabourne College]] [[Jawaharlal Nehru University]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bengal gets 1st woman chief secy in Nandini Chakravorty|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/bengal-gets-1st-woman-chief-secy-in-nandini-chakravorty/articleshow/126278495.cms|publisher=[[The Times of India]]|date=1 January 2026|access-date=1 January 2026 }}</ref>
}}
'''Nandini Chakravorty''' (born 10 June 1969) is an [[Indian Administrative Service|Indian Administrative Service officer]] of 1994 batch (West Bengal) cadre. She had served as the [[Chief secretary (India)|Chief Secretary]] of [[West Bengal]] from 1 January 2026 to 15 March 2026, becomes first woman chief secretary of West Bengal.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nandini Chakravorty first woman chief secretary of Bengal|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/west-bengal/nandini-chakravorty-first-woman-chief-secretary-of-bengal-supersedes-six-senior-ias-officers-prnt/cid/2140501|publisher=[[The Telegraph (India)|The Telegraph]]|date=1 January 2026|access-date=1 January 2026 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Who Is Nandini Chakravorty, West Bengal's First Woman Chief Secretary|url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/nandini-chakravorty-appointed-west-bengals-first-woman-chief-secretary-10157692|publisher=[[NDTV]]|access-date=1 January 2026 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Nandini Chakravorty becomes Bengal’s first woman Chief Secretary|url=https://www.millenniumpost.in/bengal/nandini-chakravorty-becomes-bengals-first-woman-chief-secretary-642197|publisher=Millenniumpost|date=31 December 2025|access-date=1 January 2026 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Ananda |first=A. B. P. |date=2026-03-16 |title=ভোটের দিন ঘোষণার সঙ্গে সঙ্গেই মুখ্যসচিব ও স্বরাষ্ট্রসচিবকে সরাল নির্বাচন কমিশন |url=https://bengali.abplive.com/elections/election-commission-removes-chief-secretary-and-home-secretary-immediately-after-announcing-polling-day-in-west-bengal-1169841 |access-date=2026-03-15 |website=ABP Ananda |language=bn}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Chakravorty, Nandini}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian Administrative Service officers]]
[[Category:Indian civil servants]]
[[Category:1969 births]]

Kajjan Begum

2026-03-16T07:59:06Z

Vivek.Dantkale:

{{Short description|Pakistani singer (1932-2000)}}
{{Use Pakistani English|date=November 2024}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2024}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Kajjan Begum
| image =
| alt =
| caption =
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| birth_name = Imam Bandi
| birth_date = {{birth date|1932|01|24|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Lucknow]], [[Presidencies and provinces of British India|British India]]
| death_date = {{Death date and age|df=y|2000|02|10|1932|01|24}}
| death_place = [[Karachi]], [[Sindh]], [[Pakistan]]
| education = Lucknow School
| occupation = {{Hlist | Singer | Classical singer}}
| years_active = 1940 – 2000
| children = [[Mehnaz Begum]] (daughter)
| spouse = Akhtar Wasi Ali (husband)
| parents = Hussaini Begum (mother)
| relatives = Ishrat Jehan (sister) Shamim Bano (sister)
| awards = [[Pride of Performance]] Award by the [[President of Pakistan]] (2001)
}}

'''Kajjan Begum''' (1932 {{endash}} 2000) was a Pakistani classical and a film playback singer. Before migrating to Pakistan, she was a famous singer in India.<ref name=DawnNewspaper/>

== Early life ==
Kajjan Begum's birth name was Imam Baandi. She was born in [[Lucknow]], [[British India]] on 24 January 1932.<ref name="TareekhePakistan">{{cite web |access-date=9 November 2024|title=صدارتی تمغہ برائے حسن کارکردگی۔ کجن بیگم (Pride of Performance Award for Kajjan Begum in 2001)|url=https://tareekhepakistan.com/detail/2371 |website=Tareekh-e-Pakistan website|archive-date=16 June 2024|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240616123948/https://tareekhepakistan.com/detail/2371}}</ref> Her mother, Hussaini Begum and her two younger sisters, Ishrat Jehan and Shamim Bano were also singers.<ref>{{cite web |date=August 1, 2023 |title=کجن بیگم کی بہن وگلوکارہ مہناز کی خالہ گلوکارہ عشرت جہاں انتقال کر گئیں |url=https://www.nawaiwaqt.com.pk/27-Oct-2022/1631521 |website=Nawa-i-Waqt}}</ref> She was schooled in classical singing with her two sisters at the Lucknow School.<ref>{{cite journal |title=کجن بیگم کلاسیکی گلوکارہ |page=134 |website=Nigar Magazine}}</ref>

==Career==
She started singing ''[[Marsiya]]'' with her mother in 1940. She was later employed at [[Mohammad Amir Ahmed Khan|Mohammad Amir Ahmed Khan's]] (Raja Saheb of Mahmudabad) palace, where she would sing songs and recite elegies during religious days and in the month of [[Muharram]].<ref name=scroll>{{cite news|url=https://scroll.in/article/895232/in-the-month-of-muharram-listen-to-these-sozkhwani-recitations-by-classical-music-maestros|archive-date=5 June 2022|access-date=12 November 2024|url-status=dead|title=In the month of Muharram, listen to these sozkhwani recitations by classical music maestros (including Kajjan Begum)|newspaper=Scroll.in (India) website|author=Aneesh Pradhan|date=22 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220605223835/https://scroll.in/article/895232/in-the-month-of-muharram-listen-to-these-sozkhwani-recitations-by-classical-music-maestros}}</ref> On other days, she would sing [[Thumri|thumris]], kajris, [[Dadra|dadras]], purbi geets and light classical Hindustani music.<ref name=DawnNewspaper/>

Kajjan Begum remained in India after the [[Partition of India]] for some time and became a popular singer there. In the late 1950s, she migrated to [[Pakistan]] with her family.<ref name=Dawn2/><ref name="DawnNewspaper" /><ref>{{cite news |date=October 28, 2022 |title=Renowned singer Mehnaz passes away |url=https://www.dawn.com/news/779907/renowned-singer-mehnaz-passes-away |newspaper=Dawn newspaper}}</ref> She later started singing on [[Radio Pakistan]], Karachi. She also trained her daughter [[Mehnaz Begum]] in classical music.<ref name=Dawn2>{{cite news|date=20 January 2013|author=Peerzada Salman|title=Singer Mehnaz Begum dies |url=https://www.dawn.com/news/780026/singer-mehnaz-begum-dies |newspaper=Dawn newspaper|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230722213137/https://www.dawn.com/news/780026/singer-mehnaz-begum-dies|url-status=dead|archive-date=22 July 2023|access-date=9 November 2024}}</ref>

In 1962, film producer [[Fazal Ahmad Karim Fazli]] offered her a chance to sing for his film ''[[Chiragh Jalta Raha]]'',<ref name=TP2/> to which she agreed. The film was a Silver Jubilee box office hit. It was premiered by [[Fatima Jinnah]], sister of Pakistan's founder Muhammad Ali Jinnah and the chief guest in the opening ceremony held at Nishat Cinema, Karachi.

==Awards==
She was honored with the ''[[Pride of Performance]]'' award from the [[Government of Pakistan]] for her contributions to the music Industry in 2001 (award announced on 14 August 2000, actually conferred on 23 March 2001).<ref name=TareekhePakistan/>

== Personal life ==
Kajjan Begum married co-singer Akhtar Wasi Ali in 1952,<ref name=TP2/> with whom she had four children including [[Mehnaz Begum]], who became a popular singer in Pakistan.<ref name=DawnNewspaper>{{cite news|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/781461/in-memoriam-curtains-drawn-on-mehnaz|title=In memoriam: Curtains drawn on Mehnaz|newspaper=Dawn newspaper|date=26 January 2013|access-date=9 November 2024|archive-date=1 August 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230801113707/https://www.dawn.com/news/781461/in-memoriam-curtains-drawn-on-mehnaz|url-status=dead}}</ref>

== Death ==
Kajjan Begum died on 10 February 2000 in [[Karachi]], Pakistan at age 68.<ref name=TP2>{{cite web|url=https://tareekhepakistan.com/detail/285|title=کجن بیگم کی وفات (Kajjan Begum dies)|website=Tareekh-e-Pakistan website|date=10 February 2000|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240616123949/https://tareekhepakistan.com/detail/285|archive-date=16 June 2024|url-status=dead|access-date=9 November 2024}}</ref>

== Discography ==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Song title || Sung by|| Lyrics by || Music by || Notes
|-
| ''Kaahe Ko Biyahi Pardes Babul Mere''||Kajjan Begum ||Traditional wedding song||Nihal Abdullah||Film ''[[Chiragh Jalta Raha]]'' (1962)<ref name=TareekhePakistan/>
|-
|''Yeh Hari Hari Chooriyan''<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.emipakistan.com/artist/Kajjan-Begum-209|url-status=dead|title=Kajjan Begum - Wedding Songs, Vol.2|website=EMI Pakistan website|archive-date=11 November 2024|access-date=12 November 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241111174109/https://www.emipakistan.com/artist/Kajjan-Begum-209}}</ref> ||Kajjan Begum ||Traditional wedding song|| || [[Pakistan Television Corporation|Pakistan Television]] production (1985)
|-
| ''Bannay Jhuk Jhuk Jaiyyo Susral Galliyan''<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.emipakistan.com/artist/Kajjan-Begum-209|url-status=dead|archive-date=27 November 2024|access-date=9 March 2026|title=Kajjan Begum's Wedding Songs, Vol.2 album (click onscreen (+) to open up Song List)|website=EMI Pakistan website|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241127073211/https://www.emipakistan.com/artist/Kajjan-Begum-209}}</ref> || Kajjan Begum ||Traditional wedding song|| || Pakistan Television production (1985)
|}

== Awards and recognition ==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Year !! Award !! Category !! Result !! Title !! Ref.
|-
| 2001 || ''[[Pride of Performance]]'' || ''Award by the [[President of Pakistan]]'' || {{Won}} || ''Arts'' ||<ref name=TareekhePakistan/><ref name=TP2/>
|}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb name|7042245}}
*[https://music.apple.com/us/artist/kajjan-begum/284639350 Kajjan on Apple Music website]

{{Navboxes
|title = Awards for Kajjan Begum
|list = {{Pride of Performance for Arts}}
}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Begum, Kajjan}}
[[Category:1932 births]]
[[Category:Pakistani radio personalities]]
[[Category:20th-century Pakistani women singers]]
[[Category:Urdu-language singers]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian women classical singers]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian women singers]]
[[Category:Women ghazal singers]]
[[Category:Punjabi-language singers]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian women musicians]]
[[Category:Radio personalities from Lahore]]
[[Category:Pakistani tawaifs]]
[[Category:Pakistani classical singers]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian actresses]]
[[Category:Patiala gharana]]
[[Category:2000 deaths]]
[[Category:Pakistani ghazal singers]]
[[Category:Pakistani playback singers]]
[[Category:Indian courtesans]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Pride of Performance]]
[[Category:Singers from Lucknow]]
[[Category:Muhajir people]]
[[Category:Indian emigrants to Pakistan]]

Cyrtodactylus nagalandensis

2026-03-13T17:03:38Z

Vivek.Dantkale: New new data - done

{{Short description|Species of lizard}}
{{Speciesbox
| image =
| status =
| taxon = Cyrtodactylus nagalandensis
| authority = Agarwal, Mahony, Giri, Chaitanya, & [[Aaron Matthew Bauer|Bauer]], 2018
| synonyms =
}}

'''''Cyrtodactylus nagalandensis''''' is a species of [[gecko]] endemic to [[India]].<ref>{{NRDB species |genus=Cyrtodactylus |species= nagalandensis |accessdate= 1 May 2019}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Taxonbar|from=Q63951961}}

[[Category:Cyrtodactylus]]
[[Category:Reptiles described in 2018]]
[[Category:Endemic reptiles of India]]
[[Category:Taxa named by Aaron M. Bauer]]
{{Cyrtodactylus-stub}}

2015–16 Indian Federation Cup

2026-03-11T06:08:54Z

Vivek.Dantkale: revise

{{Short description|37th edition of the Federation Cup}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2022}}
{{Infobox football tournament season
| title = [[Federation Cup (India)|Federation Cup]]
| caption=[[Indira Gandhi Athletic Stadium|Indira Gandhi Stadium]] hosted the final on 21 May 2016|image=Sarusajai2.jpg
| year = 2016
| dates = 30 April–21 May 2016
| country = India
| num_teams = 8
| champions = [[Mohun Bagan A.C.|Mohun Bagan]]
| count = 14
| runner-up = [[Aizawl F.C.|Aizawl]]
| continentalcup1 = [[2017 AFC Cup|AFC Cup]]
| continentalcup1 qualifiers = [[Mohun Bagan A.C.|Mohun Bagan]]
| matches = 13
| goals = 40
| top goal scorer = [[Jeje Lalpekhlua]] (8 goals)
| player = [[Jeje Lalpekhlua]]
| prevseason = [[2014–15 Indian Federation Cup|2014–15]]
| nextseason = [[2016–17 Indian Federation Cup|2016–17]]
}}

The '''2015–16 Indian Federation Cup''' (also known as ''' Hero Federation Cup''' due to sponsorship reasons) was the 37th edition of the [[Federation Cup (India)|Federation Cup]], the main national [[association football|football]] cup competition in [[India]]. The tournament was held from 30 April 2016 to 21 May 2016. Top 8 teams from [[2015–16 I-League]] participated in the tournament. Ten Sports Network, the Official Broadcaster of Hero Federation Cup 2016 telecast only the Semi-finals and the Final match while Knockout stage matches were streamed live on [[I-league]] website.

[[Bengaluru FC]] were the reigning champions of the Federation Cup, having won the tournament in [[2014–15 Indian Federation Cup|2015]]. However, they were upset in the quarter-finals by 8th placed [[Aizawl F.C.|Aizawl]].

All matches except the final were played as [[two-legged tie]] on home and away basis, with the application of the [[away goals rule]]. The final was played as a single match at the [[Indira Gandhi Athletic Stadium|Indira Gandhi Stadium]] in [[Guwahati]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sentinelassam.com/localsports/story.php?sec=2&subsec=11&id=266578&dtP=2016-05-09&ppr=1|title=Guwahati to host Federation Cup final|website=sentinelassam.com|access-date=14 May 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160602101758/http://www.sentinelassam.com/localsports/story.php?sec=2&subsec=11&id=266578&dtP=2016-05-09&ppr=1|archive-date=2 June 2016|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref>

The final was played between [[Mohun Bagan A.C.|Mohun Bagan]] and [[Aizawl F.C.|Aizawl]] on 21 May 2016.<ref>{{cite news|title=ফেডারেশন কাপ ২০১৬: জহরের হুঙ্কারেও অবিচল সঞ্জয়|language=bn|trans-title=Federation Cup 2016: Sanjay is steadfast despite Jahar's threats|publisher=[[Anandabazar Patrika]]|url=https://www.anandabazar.com/sports/mohunbagan-to-play-aizal-fc-in-federation-cup-final-1.387840|access-date=28 January 2016|website=anandabazar.com|date=16 May 2016|archive-date=5 December 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221205183813/https://www.anandabazar.com/sports/mohunbagan-to-play-aizal-fc-in-federation-cup-final-1.387840}}</ref> [[Mohun Bagan A.C.|Mohun Bagan]] defeated [[Aizawl F.C.|Aizawl]] 5–0 to clinch their record 14th title, making them the most successful club in the history of the competition.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sportskeeda.com/football/mohun-bagan-win-2016-federation-cup-with-5-0-rout-of-aizawl-fc|title=Mohun Bagan win 2016 Federation Cup with 5-0 rout of Aizawl FC|website=sportskeeda.com|date=21 May 2016 |access-date=21 May 2016}}</ref>

==Background==
In 2015, [[All India Football Federation]] decided to scrap Federation Cup due to congested calendar with [[I-League]] and [[Indian Super League]] occupying a large part of the calendar, but after [[Asian Football Confederation]] mandated that a club must play 18 matches in the season, AIFF decided to revive the tournament.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/top-stories/AIFF-decides-to-bring-back-Federation-Cup/articleshow/49946258.cms|title=AIFF decides to bring back Federation Cup|newspaper=The Times of India |date=27 November 2015}}</ref>

==Teams==

Following teams have qualified for Federation Cup:

* [[Bengaluru FC]]
* [[Mohun Bagan A.C.|Mohun Bagan]]
* [[East Bengal F.C.|East Bengal]]
* [[Sporting Clube de Goa|Sporting Goa]]
* [[Mumbai F.C.|Mumbai]]
* [[Shillong Lajong F.C.|Shillong Lajong]]
* [[Salgaocar F.C.|Salgaocar]]
* [[Aizawl F.C.|Aizawl]]

==Rounds and dates==
The tournament will be played between top 8 teams of [[2015–16 I-League]] as the knock-out tournament on home and away basis.<ref name="dates">{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/goa/Federation-Cup-from-April-30/articleshow/50827372.cms|title=Federation Cup from April 30|newspaper=The Times of India |date=2 February 2016}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
!Round
!Match date(s)
!Number of fixtures
!style="width:100px;"|Teams
|-
|Quarter finals
|30 April/ 1 May/ 2 May 2016 – 3 May/ 4 May/ 5 May 2016
|8
|8
|-
|Semi-finals
|8 May/ 10 May 2016 – 14 May/ 15 May 2016
|4
|4
|-
|Final
|21 May 2016
|1
|2
|}

==Bracket==
<onlyinclude>
{{8TeamBracket
| sets=2/2/1
| aggregate=y
|RD1=Quarter-finals
|RD2=Semi-finals
|RD3=Final

|score-width=32
|team-width=185
|seed-width=25

|RD1-seed1=1
|RD1-team1=[[Bengaluru FC]]
|RD1-score1-1=1
|RD1-score1-2=2
|RD1-score1-agg=3
|RD1-seed2=8
|RD1-team2='''[[Aizawl F.C.|Aizawl]]'''
|RD1-score2-1='''2'''
|RD1-score2-2='''3'''
|RD1-score2-agg=5

|RD1-seed3=4
|RD1-team3='''[[Sporting Clube de Goa|Sporting Goa]]'''
|RD1-score3-1='''1'''
|RD1-score3-2='''1'''
|RD1-score3-agg=2
|RD1-seed4=5
|RD1-team4=[[Mumbai F.C.|Mumbai]]
|RD1-score4-1=0
|RD1-score4-2=0
|RD1-score4-agg=0

|RD1-seed5=3
|RD1-team5=[[East Bengal F.C.|East Bengal]]
|RD1-score5-1=1
|RD1-score5-2=2
|RD1-score5-agg=3
|RD1-seed6=6
|RD1-team6='''[[Shillong Lajong F.C.|Shillong Lajong]]''' ([[Overtime (sports)#Association football|aet]])
|RD1-score6-1='''2'''
|RD1-score6-2=2
|RD1-score6-agg=4

|RD1-seed7=2
|RD1-team7='''[[Mohun Bagan A.C.|Mohun Bagan]]'''
|RD1-score7-1='''3'''
|RD1-score7-2='''4'''
|RD1-score7-agg=7
|RD1-seed8=7
|RD1-team8=[[Salgaocar F.C.|Salgaocar]]
|RD1-score8-1=2
|RD1-score8-2=0
|RD1-score8-agg=2

|RD2-seed1=8
|RD2-team1='''[[Aizawl F.C.|Aizawl]]''' ([[Away goals rule|a]])
|RD2-score1-1=0
|RD2-score1-2=2
|RD2-score1-agg=2
|RD2-seed2=4
|RD2-team2=[[Sporting Clube de Goa|Sporting Goa]]
|RD2-score2-1=0
|RD2-score2-2=2
|RD2-score2-agg=2

|RD2-seed3=6
|RD2-team3=[[Shillong Lajong F.C.|Shillong Lajong]]
|RD2-score3-1=0
|RD2-score3-2=0
|RD2-score3-agg=0
|RD2-seed4=2
|RD2-team4='''[[Mohun Bagan A.C.|Mohun Bagan]]'''
|RD2-score4-1='''5'''
|RD2-score4-2=0
|RD2-score4-agg=5

|RD3-seed1=8
|RD3-team1=[[Aizawl F.C.|Aizawl]]
|RD3-score1=0
|RD3-seed2=2
|RD3-team2='''[[Mohun Bagan A.C.|Mohun Bagan]]'''
|RD3-score2='''5'''
}}
</onlyinclude>

==Quarter-finals==

{{Football box
|date=30 April 2016
|time=15:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1=[[Aizawl F.C.|Aizawl]]
|score=2–1
|report=https://www.the-aiff.com/news-center-details.htm?id=7148
|team2=[[Bengaluru FC]]
|goals1=[[Alfred Jaryan|Jaryan]] {{goal|38}} [[Joel Sunday|Sunday]] {{goal|90}}
|goals2=[[Eugeneson Lyngdoh|Lyngdoh]] {{goal|15}}
|stadium=[[Rajiv Gandhi Stadium, Aizawl|Rajiv Gandhi Stadium]], [[Aizawl]]
|attendance=
|referee=
}}

{{Football box
|date=1 May 2016
|time=17:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1=[[Shillong Lajong F.C.|Shillong Lajong]]
|score=2–1
|report=https://www.the-aiff.com/news-center-details.htm?id=7153
|team2=[[East Bengal F.C.|East Bengal]]
|goals1=[[Konsham Singh|K.Singh]] {{goal|33}} [[Fábio Pena|Fábio]] {{goal|62}}
|goals2=[[Do Dong-hyun|Do Dong]] {{goal|44}}
|stadium=[[Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium (Shillong)|Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium]], [[Shillong]]
|attendance=
|referee=
}}

{{Football box
|date=1 May 2016
|time=19:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1=[[Mumbai F.C.|Mumbai]]
|score=0–1
|report=https://www.the-aiff.com/news-center-details.htm?id=7154
|team2=[[Sporting Clube de Goa|Sporting Goa]]
|goals1=
|goals2=[[Sumit Passi|Passi]] {{goal|90}}
|stadium=[[Cooperage Ground|Cooperage Football Stadium]], [[Mumbai]]
|attendance=
|referee=
}}
{{Football box
|date=2 May 2016
|time=16:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1=[[Salgaocar F.C.|Salgaocar]]
|score=2–3
|report=https://www.the-aiff.com/news-center-details.htm?id=7159
|team2=[[Mohun Bagan A.C.|Mohun Bagan]]
|goals1=[[Martin Scott (Scottish footballer)|Scott]] {{goal|26}} [[Calvin Mbarga|Mbarga]] {{goal|30}}
|goals2=[[Jeje Lalpekhlua|Jeje]] {{goal|1||86|}} [[Abhishek Das (footballer)|A. Das]] {{goal|77}}
|stadium=[[Tilak Maidan]], [[Vasco da Gama, Goa|Vasco]]
|attendance=
|referee=
}}
----
{{Football box
|date=3 May 2016
|time=21:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1=[[Bengaluru FC]]
|score=2–3
|report=https://www.the-aiff.com/news-center-details.htm?id=7162
|team2=[[Aizawl F.C.|Aizawl]]
|goals1=[[C.K. Vineeth|Vineeth]] {{goal|28}} [[Sunil Chhetri|Chhetri]] {{goal|74|pen.}}
|goals2=[[Joel Sunday|Sunday]] {{goal|26||37|}} [[David Lalrinmuana|Lalrinmuana]] {{goal|49}}
|stadium=[[Sree Kanteerava Stadium]], [[Bengaluru]]
|attendance=
|referee=
}}
{{Football box
|date=4 May 2016
|time=16:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1=[[Sporting Clube de Goa|Sporting Goa]]
|score=1–0
|report=https://www.the-aiff.com/news-center-details.htm?id=7166
|team2=[[Mumbai F.C.|Mumbai]]
|goals1=[[Subhasish Bose|S.Bose]] {{goal|46}}
|goals2=
|stadium=[[Fatorda Stadium|Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium]], [[Margao]]
|attendance=
|referee=
}}
{{Football box
|date=4 May 2016
|time=16:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1=[[East Bengal F.C.|East Bengal]]
|score=2–2
|aet=yes
|report=https://www.the-aiff.com/news-center-details.htm?id=7167
|team2=[[Shillong Lajong F.C.|Shillong Lajong]]
|goals1=[[Ranti Martins|Ranti]] {{goal|23}} [[Lalrindika Ralte|Ralte]] {{goal|37}}
|goals2=[[Fábio Pena|Fábio]] {{goal|17}} [[Uilliams Bomfim Souza|Uilliams]] {{goal|114}}
|stadium=[[Barasat Stadium]], [[Barasat]]
|attendance=
|referee=
}}
{{Football box
|date=5 May 2016
|time=19:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1=[[Mohun Bagan A.C.|Mohun Bagan]]
|score=4–0
|report=https://www.the-aiff.com/news-center-details.htm?id=7168
|team2=[[Salgaocar F.C.|Salgaocar]]
|goals1=[[Katsumi Yusa|Katsumi]] {{goal|25}} [[Sony Norde|Norde]] {{goal|45+1||52|}} [[Jeje Lalpekhlua|Jeje]] {{goal|90+4}}
|goals2=
|stadium=[[Barasat Stadium]], [[Barasat]]
|attendance=
|referee=
}}

==Semi-finals==

{{Football box
|date=8 May 2016
|time=19:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1=[[Mohun Bagan A.C.|Mohun Bagan]]
|score=5–0
|report=https://www.the-aiff.com/news-center-details.htm?id=7172
|team2=[[Shillong Lajong F.C.|Shillong Lajong]]
|goals1= [[Jeje Lalpekhlua|Jeje]] {{goal|40||51||56}} [[Bikramjit Singh|B.Singh]] {{goal|45|}} [[Azharuddin Mallick|Azharuddin]] {{goal|86}}
|goals2=
|stadium=[[Barasat Stadium]], [[Barasat]]
|attendance=
|referee=
}}
{{Football box
|date=10 May 2016
|time=15:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1=[[Aizawl F.C.|Aizawl]]
|score=0–0
|report=https://www.the-aiff.com/news-center-details.htm?id=7175
|team2=[[Sporting Clube de Goa|Sporting Goa]]
|goals1=
|goals2=
|stadium=[[Rajiv Gandhi Stadium, Aizawl|Rajiv Gandhi Stadium]], [[Aizawl]]
|attendance=
|referee=
}}
----
{{Football box
|date=14 May 2016
|time=17:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1=[[Shillong Lajong F.C.|Shillong Lajong]]
|score=0–0
|report=https://www.the-aiff.com/news-center-details.htm?id=7186
|team2=[[Mohun Bagan A.C.|Mohun Bagan]]
|goals1=
|goals2=
|stadium=[[Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium (Shillong)|Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium]], [[Shillong]]
|attendance=
|referee=
}}
{{Football box
|date=15 May 2016
|time=19:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1=[[Sporting Clube de Goa|Sporting Goa]]
|score=2–2
|report=https://www.the-aiff.com/news-center-details.htm?id=7188
|team2=[[Aizawl F.C.|Aizawl]]
|goals1=[[Joel Sunday|Sunday]] {{goal|37}} [[Lalchawnkima]] {{goal|60|pen.}}
|goals2=[[Sumit Passi|Passi]] {{goal|45+2}} [[Glan Martins|Martins]] {{goal|80}}
|stadium=[[Fatorda Stadium|Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium]], [[Margao]]
|attendance=
|referee=
}}

==Final==
{{main|2016 Indian Federation Cup final}}

{{Football box
|date=21 May 2016
|time=19:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1=[[Mohun Bagan A.C.|Mohun Bagan]]
|score= 5–0
|report=https://www.the-aiff.com/news-center-details.htm?id=7206
|team2=[[Aizawl F.C.|Aizawl]]
|goals1=[[Sony Norde|Norde]] {{goal|48}} [[Dhanachandra Singh|D. Singh]] {{goal|59}} [[Jeje Lalpekhlua|Jeje]] {{goal|73||88}} [[Bikramjit Singh|B. Singh]] {{goal|83}}
|goals2=
|stadium=[[Indira Gandhi Athletic Stadium|Indira Gandhi Stadium]], [[Guwahati]]
|attendance=
|referee=
}}

==Goalscorers==

'''8 Goals''':
* {{flagicon|IND}} [[Jeje Lalpekhlua]] ([[Mohun Bagan A.C.|Mohun Bagan]])

'''4 Goals''':
* {{flagicon|NGA}} [[Joel Sunday]] ([[Aizawl F.C.|Aizawl]])

'''3 Goals''':
* {{flagicon|HAI}} [[Sony Norde]] ([[Mohun Bagan A.C.|Mohun Bagan]])

'''2 Goals''':
{{div col|colwidth=22em}}
* {{flagicon|IND}} [[Bikramjit Singh]] ([[Mohun Bagan A.C.|Mohun Bagan]])
* {{flagicon|BRA}} [[Fábio Pena]] ([[Shillong Lajong F.C.|Shillong Lajong]])
* {{flagicon|IND}} [[Sumit Passi]] ([[Sporting Clube de Goa|Sporting Goa]])
{{div col end}}

'''1 Goal''':
{{div col|colwidth=22em}}
* {{flagicon|IND}} [[Abhishek Das (footballer)|Abhishek Das]] ([[Mohun Bagan A.C.|Mohun Bagan]])
* {{flagicon|LBR}} [[Alfred Jaryan]] ([[Aizawl F.C.|Aizawl]])
* {{flagicon|IND}} [[Azharuddin Mallick]] ([[Mohun Bagan A.C.|Mohun Bagan]])
* {{flagicon|CMR}} [[Calvin Mbarga]] ([[Salgaocar F.C.|Salgaocar]])
* {{flagicon|IND}} [[C.K. Vineeth]] ([[Bengaluru FC]])
* {{flagicon|IND}} [[David Lalrinmuana]] ([[Aizawl F.C.|Aizawl]])
* {{flagicon|IND}} [[Dhanachandra Singh]] ([[Mohun Bagan A.C.|Mohun Bagan]])
* {{flagicon|KOR}} [[Do Dong-hyun]] ([[East Bengal F.C.|East Bengal]])
* {{flagicon|IND}} [[Eugeneson Lyngdoh]] ([[Bengaluru FC]])
* {{flagicon|IND}} [[Glan Martins]] ([[Sporting Clube de Goa|Sporting Goa]])
* {{flagicon|JPN}} [[Katsumi Yusa]] ([[Mohun Bagan A.C.|Mohun Bagan]])
* {{flagicon|IND}} [[Konsham Singh]] ([[Shillong Lajong F.C.|Shillong Lajong]])
* {{flagicon|IND}} [[Lalchawnkima]] ([[Aizawl F.C.|Aizawl]])
* {{flagicon|IND}} [[Lalrindika Ralte]] ([[East Bengal F.C.|East Bengal]])
* {{flagicon|SCO}} [[Martin Scott (Scottish footballer)|Martin Scott]] ([[Salgaocar F.C.|Salgaocar]])
* {{flagicon|NGR}} [[Ranti Martins]] ([[East Bengal F.C.|East Bengal]])
* {{flagicon|IND}} [[Subhasish Bose]] ([[Sporting Clube de Goa|Sporting Goa]])
* {{flagicon|IND}} [[Sunil Chhetri]] ([[Bengaluru FC]])
* {{flagicon|BRA}} [[Uilliams Bomfim Souza]] ([[Shillong Lajong F.C.|Shillong Lajong]])
{{div col end}}

===Hat-tricks===
{|class="wikitable"
|-
! Player !! For !! Against !! style="text-align:center"| Result !! Date !! Ref
|-
|align="left"|{{flagicon|IND}} '''[[Jeje Lalpekhlua]]'''
|align="left"|[[Mohun Bagan A.C.|Mohun Bagan]]
|align="left"|[[Shillong Lajong F.C.|Shillong Lajong]]
|align="center"|5–0
|8 May 2016
|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.goal.com/en-india/match/mohun-bagan-vs-shillong-lajong/2231278/report|title=Jeje hat-trick virtually guarantees Mariners' progress|website=goal.com|access-date=8 May 2016}}</ref>
|-
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://www.the-aiff.com/tournaments-details.htm?tnmt_id=36 Section on the All India Football Federation website].

{{Federation Cup (India)}}
{{2015–16 in Indian football}}
{{2016 in Asian football (AFC)}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:2016-16 Indian Federation Cup}}
[[Category:2015–16 Indian Federation Cup| ]]
[[Category:Indian Federation Cup seasons|2015-16]]
[[Category:2015–16 in domestic association football cups|India]]
[[Category:2015–16 in Indian football|Federation Cup]]

2016 Bihar alcohol poisonings

2026-03-06T02:46:08Z

Vivek.Dantkale: Adding New Info From Scratch - done

{{for|the mass alcohol poisoning incident in 2022|2022 Bihar alcohol poisoning}}
The '''2016 Bihar alcohol poisonings''' killed 16 people<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.news18.com/news/india/death-toll-in-bihars-gopalganj-hooch-tragedy-rises-to-16-1282910.html |title=Death Toll in Bihar's Gopalganj Hooch Tragedy Rises to 16 |publisher=News18 |date=2016-08-18 |accessdate=2016-09-02}}</ref><ref name=toi>{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/12-die-in-Bihar-after-drinking-spurious-liquor/articleshow/53737767.cms |title=12 die in Bihar after drinking spurious liquor - Times of India |publisher=Timesofindia.indiatimes.com |date= |accessdate=2016-09-02}}</ref> on 16 August 2016 in [[Gopalganj, Bihar|Gopalganj]] town of [[Bihar]], [[India]].<ref name=it>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/bihar-hooch-tragedy-death-toll-rises-to-10-administration-sets-up-inquiry-committee-335601-2016-08-17 |title=Bihar hooch tragedy: Death toll rises to 10, administration sets up inquiry committee : India, News - India Today |publisher=Indiatoday.intoday.in |date= |access-date=2016-08-17}}</ref> The victims had consumed ''[[Distilled beverage|hooch]]'' (spurious liquor) and complained of nausea and stomach ache.<ref name=dc>{{cite web|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/current-affairs/170816/despite-liquor-ban-in-bihar-hooch-tragedy-kills-10-probe-ordered.html |title=Despite liquor ban in Bihar, hooch tragedy kills 10; probe ordered |publisher=Deccanchronicle.com |date=2015-07-13 |access-date=2016-08-17}}</ref>

== Background ==
A prohibition on country-made liquor was imposed in Bihar by the [[Nitish Kumar]] led state government on 1 April 2016.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-news-india/bihar-assembly-passes-bill-on-partial-ban-on-liquor/ |title=Bihar Assembly passes liquor ban Bill unanimously |publisher=The Indian Express |date=2016-03-31 |accessdate=2016-09-02}}</ref>

== Incident ==
On the night of 15 August 2016, some people in Khajur Vani locality in Gopalganj town consumed country-made liquor ''(hooch)'' and began suffering from stomach pain and vomiting. After being rushed to hospital for treatment, five people died by late evening and overnight eight more deaths took place, raising the death toll to 13. Three people are said to have lost their vision.<ref name="hindustantimes1">{{cite web|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/gopalganj-hooch-tragedy-main-accused-nabbed/story-9zy5uq0BqHRL7cslz5ldkI.html |title=Main accused in Bihar hooch tragedy arrested, 1,000 litres of liquor seized | india-news |publisher=Hindustan Times |date=2016-08-21 |accessdate=2016-09-02}}</ref>

Locals and family members claimed the deaths took place after these people consumed spurious liquor. However, the administration denied the deaths took place due to consuming spurious liquor<ref name=it /> with police claiming food poisoning as the cause of death.<ref name=toi />

{{cquote|My brother was a habitual drinker. People were in a festive mood on Independence Day, and went to drink at a place that serves illicit liquor. On Tuesday morning, they started complaining of stomach ache and nausea<ref name=ie />
|30px|30px|Mahesh Mahto, brother of one of the victims, Shashikant Mahto}}

== Aftermath ==
The administration constituted a three-member committee to probe the deaths and suspended 25 policemen including the station house officer (SHO) for dereliction of their duties in strictly enforcing the liquor ban.<ref name=gp>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/gopalganj-hooch-tragedy-25-policemen-suspended-for-dereliction-of-duty-336003-2016-08-19 |title=Gopalganj hooch tragedy: 25 policemen suspended for dereliction of duty : India, News - India Today |publisher=Indiatoday.intoday.in |date=2016-08-19 |access-date=2016-09-02}}</ref>

The Gopalganj police suspected Nagina Pasi to be the mastermind behind the hooch tragedy. Nagina, his brother Lal Babu Choudhary, and six associates involved in the business of manufacturing illicit country made liquor were arrested on 20 August 2016.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/gopalganj-hooch-tragedy-bihar-mastermind-arrest-spurious-liquor-336348-2016-08-21 |title=Bihar hooch tragedy: Police arrests absconding mastermind from Gopalganj : India, News - India Today |publisher=Indiatoday.intoday.in |date=2016-08-21 |access-date=2016-09-02}}</ref>

Soon after the incident, local police dug many parts of Khajur Vani locality and recovered about 1000 liters of illegal country made liquor which was hidden underground.<ref name=gp />

==Names of victims==
The names of the victims are Parma Mahto, Mantu Giri, Shashikant Mahto, Dinesh Mahto, Umesh, Ramji Sharma, Manoj Shah, Ramu Ram, Anil Ram, Jhamindra Mahto,<ref name=ie>{{cite web|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-news-india/bihar-hooch-tragedy-13-die-in-gopalganj-2981501/ |title=Footnote to Bihar prohibition story: 13 killed in suspected hooch tragedy |publisher=The Indian Express |date=2016-08-18 |accessdate=2016-09-02}}</ref> Munna Kumar and Nasir Alam.<ref name="hindustantimes1"/>

== Political reactions ==
[[Janata Dal (United)]] spokesperson Neeraj Kumar denied the Gopalganj incident was a hooch tragedy, saying, "Till medical reports and FSL reports prove that liquor was found in the body or blood, we cannot say its a hooch tragedy".<ref name =it />

BJP legislature party leader and former deputy chief minister of Bihar, [[Sushil Kumar Modi]] said “Overall, 30 people, including the 13 in Gopalganj, have died due to consumption of spurious liquor. But the administration fudges the report, blaming the deaths on contaminated food. Only [[Mahadalit]]s and the poor are suffering due to Nitish’s Taliban-like ban on liquor.”<ref name=ie />

Mangal Pandey, Bihar [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]] president, called the tragedy a failure of Nitish Kumar and wondered how despite a prohibition law in place, illegal country-made liquor was being manufactured and consumed by people. He accused the administration of covering up the case and trying to prepare fake medical reports to show that deaths were not due to liquor consumption.<ref name =it />

Another senior BJP leader Nand Kishore Yadav said, "This government has completely failed in curbing the consumption of liquor, despite imposing tough laws. The incident proves that law is just a tool to harass innocents, while others are simply defying the law. The chief minister must take moral responsibility.”<ref name=dc />

==See also==
*[[Alcohol prohibition in India]]
*[[Bihar Excise (Amendment) Act, 2016]]
*[[List of alcohol poisonings in India]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Alcohol in India}}
{{Disasters in India in 2016}}

[[Category:Alcohol-related deaths in India]]
[[Category:2016 disasters in India]]
[[Category:Crime in Bihar]]
[[Category:August 2016 in India]]
[[Category:Gopalganj district, India]]
[[Category:Nitish Kumar]]

Alibabavum 40 Thirudargalum (1956 film)

2026-03-05T08:37:55Z

Vivek.Dantkale: Adding Initial Bio V1 - done

{{Short description|1956 film by T. R. Sundaram}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2021}}
{{good article}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2021}}
{{Infobox film
| image = Alibabavum 40 Thirudargalum 1956 poster.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[T. R. Sundaram]]
| producer = T. R. Sundaram
| writer = Modern Theatres Story Department
| based_on = {{based on|''[[Ali Baba and the Forty Thieves]]''}}
| starring = [[M. G. Ramachandran]] [[P. Bhanumathi]]
| music = [[Susarla Dakshinamurthi]]
| cinematography = W. R. Subba Rao
| editing = L. Balu
| studio = [[Modern Theatres]]
| distributor = 
| released = {{Film date|df=y|1956|1|14}}
| runtime = 149–160 minutes{{efn|The 2017 book ''Contes et légendes d'Orient'' by Hervé Dumont gives the runtime as 149 minutes,{{sfn|Dumont|2017|p=94}} while ''Encyclopedia of Indian Cinema'' gives its runtime as 160 minutes.{{sfn|Rajadhyaksha|Willemen|1998|p=339}} }}
| country = India
| language = Tamil
}}

'''''Alibabavum 40 Thirudargalum''''' ({{translation|Alibaba and the Forty Thieves}}) is a 1956 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[Fantasy film|fantasy]] [[swashbuckler film]] directed and produced by [[T. R. Sundaram]] of [[Modern Theatres]]. The film stars [[M. G. Ramachandran]] and [[P. Bhanumathi]], with [[K. Sarangapani]], [[P. S. Veerappa]], [[K. A. Thangavelu]], [[M. N. Rajam]], Sushila, Vidhyavathi, and [[M. G. Chakrapani]] in supporting roles. It revolves around [[Ali Baba (character)|Alibaba]], a woodcutter who becomes wealthy after finding a secret treasure cave, but must keep his source of wealth a secret to lead a peaceful life.

''Alibabavum 40 Thirudargalum'' was shot in [[Gevacolor]] and is notable for being the first [[Tamil cinema|Tamil]] and [[Cinema of South India|South Indian]] full-length colour film. It is a remake of the 1954 [[Hindi]] film ''[[Alibaba Aur 40 Chor (1954 film)|Alibaba Aur 40 Chor]]'', itself based on the story ''[[Ali Baba and the Forty Thieves]]'' from ''[[One Thousand and One Nights]]''. It is also the second Tamil film adaptation of that story, after the [[Alibabavum 40 Thirudargalum (1941 film)|1941 film]] of the same name. Filming took place mainly at [[Mysore]] and [[Yercaud]]. The soundtrack was composed by [[Susarla Dakshinamurthi]], and re-used many songs from ''Alibaba Aur 40 Chor''.

''Alibabavum 40 Thirudargalum'' was released on 14 January 1956, during the festive occasion of [[Pongal (festival)|Pongal]]. It was a milestone in Ramachandran's career and became a success at the box office which was largely attributed to it being the first full-length colour film in South India. The songs also attained popularity. The film won the Film Fans' Association Award for Best Tamil Film.

== Plot ==

[[Morgiana (character)|Marziana]], a [[Baghdad]]-based dancer, is abducted by the tyrant Sher Khan, commander of the notorious king [[List of One Thousand and One Nights characters#Cassim|Amir Kasim Khan]], to his palace. She is rescued by [[Ali Baba (character)|Alibaba]], a woodcutter who fights with Sher Khan and vanquishes him. Marziana and her sidekick Dowlath find refuge in Alibaba's house who lives with his sister Ayisha and servant Bulbul. Marziana learns that they are the siblings of Kasim, who had driven them out at the instigation of his cruel wife Salima. Marziana and Alibaba later fall in love. When Alibaba goes to cut wood, he chances upon the cavernous hideout of Abu Hussain, the leader of forty [[Dacoity|dacoits]], and overhears the secret code to enter and exit the cave. After the dacoits leave, Alibaba uses the code word, enters the hideout, and takes some of the cave's wealth which he uses to help poor people nearby. Both Alibaba and Marziana become wealthy overnight.

Kasim becomes jealous when he hears about his brother's fortune and wishes to uncover the secret behind it. Under Salima's guidance, he invites Alibaba and his household to a feast. After cunningly discovering the secret of the dacoits' cave, Kasim sentences Alibaba to death, falsely accusing him of attempted murder. Marziana pretends to heed Kasim's order, declaring that Alibaba has been unfaithful to her and deserves this retribution. Taking a knife, Marziana acts as though she intends to kill Alibaba, but instead cuts the ropes binding his hands. A fight ensues between Alibaba and Kasim's thugs, during which Salima is accidentally killed. However, Alibaba manages to subdue them and escapes with his allies.

Kasim enters the cave and greedily begins collecting treasures. He soon forgets the code word and finds himself trapped. The dacoits return and kill him for trespassing into their secret cave. Alibaba later visits the location and is shocked to find his brother dead; he takes the corpse away. After Kasim's death is publicly announced, Alibaba is proclaimed the new king of Baghdad, and everyone rejoices. Meanwhile, the dacoits return to their cave and discover that Kasim's corpse is missing. Realising that someone else has entered their cave, they begin searching for this mysterious intruder. From the cobbler Ghulam's assertion that the woodcutter Alibaba has become wealthy overnight, Abu Hussain deduces that it was Alibaba who uncovered the secret of the cave, but then kills Ghulam. He subsequently plots to kill Alibaba.

Having his men hide inside barrels, Abu Hussain approaches Alibaba's house disguised as an oil merchant seeking shelter for the night. However, Marziana overhears him whispering to his men, recognising his true identity. While she dances at a banquet hosted by Alibaba in honour of the guest, Dowlath and Bulbul roll the barrels one by one towards the waterfall as per their plan. After Marziana attempts unsuccessfully to stab the "oil merchant," she exposes him as Abu Hussain, shocking Alibaba. This revelation leads to a confrontation between the two men, culminating in Abu Hussain kidnapping Marziana and fleeing to the cave. Alibaba pursues him and reaches the cave, where he kills Abu Hussain after an intense battle. After rescuing Marziana, they marry and continue their social work.

== Cast ==

{{Col-begin|width=70%}}
{{col-break|width=50%}}
;Male cast<ref name="songbook" />
* [[M. G. Ramachandran]] as [[Ali Baba (character)|Alibaba]]
* [[K. Sarangapani]] as Dowlath
* [[P. S. Veerappa]] as Abu Hussain
* [[K. A. Thangavelu]] as Ghulam
* [[M. G. Chakrapani]] as [[List of One Thousand and One Nights characters#Cassim|Amir Kasim Khan]]
* Boopathi Nandaram as Sher Khan
* [[O. A. K. Thevar]] as Hameed
* [[K. K. Soundar]] as Abdullah
* Gundu Mani, Gopal, Muthu, Janakiram as [[sepoy]]s
{{col-break|width=50%}}
;Female cast<ref name="songbook" />
* [[P. Bhanumathi]] as [[Morgiana (character)|Marziana]]
* Vidyavathi as Salima
* [[M. N. Rajam]] as Bulbul
* P. Sushila as Ayisha
;Dance<ref name="songbook" />
* [[Sayee–Subbulakshmi|Sayee & Subbulakshmi]]
* [[Waheeda Rehman]]
{{col-end}}

== Production ==



=== Development ===
After the success of the Hindi film ''[[Alibaba Aur 40 Chor (1954 film)|Alibaba Aur 40 Chor]]'' (1954), based on the story ''[[Ali Baba and the Forty Thieves]]'' from ''[[One Thousand and One Nights]]'', [[Modern Theatres]] bought the rights to remake the film in Tamil as ''Alibabavum 40 Thirudargalum''.<ref name="dtnext">{{Cite web |last=Ramakrishnan |first=Venkatesh |date=2 July 2022 |title=Ali Baba and the Forty Thieves: The first colour Tamil film |url=https://www.dtnext.in/city/2022/07/03/ali-baba-and-the-forty-thieves-the-first-colour-tamil-film |access-date=20 November 2022 |website=[[DT Next]]}}</ref> The film's story is credited to the Modern Theatres' Story Department.<ref>{{Cite AV media |title=Alibabavum 40 Thirudargalum |type=motion picture |language=ta |publisher=[[Modern Theatres]] |year=1956 |author-link=T. R. Sundaram |time=0:33}}</ref> ''Alibabavum 40 Thirudargalum'' became the second major Tamil film adaptation of the story of Ali Baba; the first was the [[Alibabavum 40 Thirudargalum (1941 film)|1941 film of the same name]].{{sfn|Rajadhyaksha|Willemen|1998|p=339}}<ref>{{Cite news |last=Guy |first=Randor |author-link=Randor Guy |date=1 May 2011 |title=Ali Babavum Naarpathu Thirudargalum 1941 |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=http://www.hindu.com/cp/2011/05/01/stories/2011050150341600.htm |url-status=dead |access-date=3 July 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121109063837/http://www.hindu.com/cp/2011/05/01/stories/2011050150341600.htm |archive-date=9 November 2012}}</ref> While that version was a [[Comedy film|comedy]], this one was more [[Action film|action]]-oriented.<ref>{{Cite news |date=23 July 2017 |title=பிளாஷ்பேக்: என்.எஸ்.கிருஷ்ணன் ஹீரோவாக நடித்த அலிபாபாவும் 40 திருடர்களும் |language=ta |trans-title=Flashback: ''Alibabavum 40 Thirudargalum'', where N. S. Krishnan played hero |work=[[Dinamalar]] |url=https://cinema.dinamalar.com/tamil-news/61305/cinema/Kollywood/Before-mgr,-nsk-also-act-in-alibabavum-40-thirudargalum.htm |url-status=live |access-date=29 July 2017 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20170726120626/http://cinema.dinamalar.com/tamil-news/61305/cinema/Kollywood/Before-mgr,-nsk-also-act-in-alibabavum-40-thirudargalum.htm |archive-date=26 July 2017}}</ref>

In addition to producing, Modern Theatres founder [[T. R. Sundaram]] also directed the film.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Chelangad |first=Saju |date=29 June 2014 |title=Leeds, love and Modern Theatres |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/society/leeds-love-and-modern-theatres/article6158141.ece |url-status=live |access-date=11 September 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160911083007/http://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/society/leeds-love-and-modern-theatres/article6158141.ece |archive-date=11 September 2016}}</ref> A. J. Dominic was signed as the film's art director, while W. R. Subba Rao, L. Balu, and [[Murasoli Maran]] were in charge of the cinematography, editing, and dialogues respectively.{{Sfn|Rajadhyaksha|Willemen|1998|p=339}}<ref name="Alibaba credits" /> A. K. Chopra and [[K. N. Dandayudhapani Pillai|K. N. Dhandayudhapani Pillai]] were in charge of the choreography.<ref>{{Cite AV media |title=Alibabavum 40 Thirudargalum |type=motion picture |language=ta |publisher=[[Modern Theatres]] |year=1956 |time=0:50}}</ref>

=== Casting ===
[[M. G. Ramachandran]] was cast as [[Ali Baba (character)|Alibaba]],{{sfn|Rajadhyaksha|Willemen|1998|p=339}} this being the final of his three-film contract with Modern Theatres, following ''[[Manthiri Kumari]]'' (1950) and ''[[Sarvadhikari (film)|Sarvadhikari]]'' (1951).<ref name="sangam" /> He was paid {{INRConvert|12500|year=1956}}{{efn|The exchange rate in 1956 was 4.79 Indian rupees ({{INR}}) per 1 US dollar (US$).<ref>{{Cite news |date=24 August 2013 |title=Rupee's journey since Independence: Down by 65 times against dollar |url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/rupees-journey-since-independence-down-by-65-times-against-dollar/articleshow/22025032.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130829085318/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2013-08-24/news/41444029_1_indian-rupee-american-currency-continued-dollar-demand |archive-date=29 August 2013 |access-date=3 August 2017 |work=[[The Economic Times]]}}</ref>}} for acting in the film.{{sfn|Kannan|2017|p=69}} The screenplay was written in a way that would suit his then "[[Swashbuckler|swashbucking]]" image,{{Sfn|Pillai|2015|p=88}} as opposed to the original story where the character was a "gullible simpleton".{{Sfn|Gokulsing|Dissanayake|2013|p=135}}

[[Padmini (actress)|Padmini]] was initially cast as [[Morgiana (character)|Marziana]], but she was eventually replaced by [[P. Bhanumathi]].<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Guy |first=Randor |author-link=Randor Guy |date=September 2007 |title=From Silents to Sivaji! A look into the past – Part II |magazine=Galatta Cinema |pages=61}}</ref> Bhanumathi liked the film, one of her earliest in Tamil, because she found her character a "go-getter".<ref>{{Cite news |last=Gangadhar |first=V. |date=8 January 2006 |title=No stereotyping her |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-sundaymagazine/no-stereotyping-her/article3219288.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160907100700/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-sundaymagazine/no-stereotyping-her/article3219288.ece |archive-date=7 September 2016 |access-date=7 September 2016 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref> In her autobiography, Bhanumathi noted that after she heard the story, she considered her role to be much better than that in ''[[Missamma]]'' (1955), from which she was fired after filming only four reels, adding that after she accepted to work on this film, she got more acting offers from Tamil film producers.{{Sfn|Bhanumathi|2000|p=201}}

Ramachandran's elder brother [[M. G. Chakrapani]] was cast in the role of Alibaba's elder brother [[List of One Thousand and One Nights characters#Cassim|Amir Kasim Khan]].<ref name="songbook" /><ref>{{Cite news |last=Guy |first=Randor |date=16 February 2012 |title=Fame eluded this sibling of an icon |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/article2899646.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160909083432/http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/article2899646.ece |archive-date=9 September 2016 |access-date=9 September 2012 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref> [[J. Jayalalithaa|Jayalalithaa]]'s aunt Ambujavalli appeared as Kassim's wife Salima, using the screen name Vidhyavathi.<ref name="songbook" /><ref>{{Cite news |last=Narasimhan |first=T. A. |date=9 February 2017 |title=என்னருமை தோழி..! 29 – திருமணப் பேச்சு! |trans-title=My beloved friend..! Part 29 – Wedding talk! |url=https://www.hindutamil.in/news/blogs/219753-29.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211206091546/https://www.hindutamil.in/news/blogs/219753-29.html |archive-date=6 December 2021 |access-date=6 December 2021 |work=[[Hindu Tamil Thisai]] |language=ta}}</ref> [[Waheeda Rehman]], who later became a leading actress in Hindi cinema, appeared as a dancer in the number "Salaam Babu",<ref name="waheeda" /><ref>{{Cite news |date=27 October 2017 |title=வேட்டையாடு விளையாடு 06: முதல் 'கேவா' கலர் திரைப்படம்! |trans-title=Hunt and Play 06: The first Gevacolor feature film! |url=https://www.hindutamil.in/news/supplements/hindu-talkies/109291-06.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211206091542/https://www.hindutamil.in/news/supplements/hindu-talkies/109291-06.html |archive-date=6 December 2021 |access-date=6 December 2021 |work=[[Hindu Tamil Thisai]] |language=ta}}</ref> while the dancer duo [[Sayee–Subbulakshmi]] appeared in the song "Naama Aaduvadhum".<ref name="songbook" /><ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W9Isc3fTGR8 |title=Naama Aaduvathum |date=2 March 2013 |last=Rajshri Tamil |access-date=10 June 2017 |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211221/W9Isc3fTGR8 |archive-date=21 December 2021 |url-status=live |via=[[YouTube]]}}{{cbignore}}</ref>

=== Filming ===
''Alibabavum 40 Thirudargalum'' was shot entirely on indoor sets, with the exception of a few horse riding sequences. For changes of scenes, [[Iris shot|irises]] and [[Wipe (transition)|wipes]] were used which, according to ''Encyclopaedia of Indian Cinema'' by Ashish Rajadhyaksha and Paul Willemen, added a "sense of [[anachronism]]" to the film.{{sfnm|1a1=Baskaran|1y=1996|1p=119|2a1=Rajadhyaksha|2a2=Willemen|2y=1998|2p=340}} It was also the first full-length Tamil colour film,{{sfnm|1a1=Baskaran|1y=1996|1p=223|2a1=Guy|2y=1997|2p=199}} shot in [[Gevacolor]].<ref name="sangam" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Sri Kantha |first=Sachi |date=11 August 2013 |title=MGR Remembered – Part 10 {{!}} Budding hero between 1947 and 1949 |url=http://sangam.org/mgr-remembered-part-10/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160908072912/http://sangam.org/mgr-remembered-part-10/ |archive-date=8 September 2016 |access-date=8 September 2016 |website=[[Ilankai Tamil Sangam]]}}</ref> Rajadhyaksha and Willemen claim it to be the first South Indian film in Gevacolor,{{sfn|Rajadhyaksha|Willemen|1998|p=340}} despite the fact that the 1955 Tamil film ''[[Kanavane Kankanda Deivam]]'' had a few sequences in Gevacolor.{{sfn|Baskaran|1996|p=223}} The scenes involving horses, which belonged to the Mysore Reserve Police, were shot at [[Mysore]] over ten days.<ref name="DinamalarAlibaba" /> The thieves' cave, designed by Dominic,<ref name="MGR film" /> was created at two locations – the exterior cave scenes with the horses were shot at Mysore, while the interior scenes were shot at [[Yercaud]] near [[Salem, Tamil Nadu|Salem]].<ref name="DinamalarAlibaba" /><ref>{{Cite news |last=Raghavan |first=Nikhil |date=24 May 2014 |title=Coimbatore's celluloid connection |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/coimbatores-celluloid-connection/article6044541.ece |url-status=live |access-date=8 September 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160908154919/http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/coimbatores-celluloid-connection/article6044541.ece |archive-date=8 September 2016}}</ref> Sundaram brought twenty horses from Mysore for the shoot at Yercaud.<ref name="DinamalarAlibaba" /> The jewels and gold coins featured in the film were actually clay painted in gold.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Karthikeyan |first=Aparna |date=7 January 2013 |title=I am... |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/i-am/article4281091.ece |url-status=dead |access-date=6 September 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161221104423/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/i-am/article4281091.ece |archive-date=21 December 2016}}</ref> One of the horses rode by Ramachandran was Sundaram's own.<ref>{{Cite news |date=17 May 2016 |title=எம்ஜிஆர் 100 {{!}} 66: கேட்காதவர்களுக்கும் உதவியவர்! |language=ta |trans-title=MGR 100 {{!}} part 66: He, who helped even those who didn't ask! |work=[[Hindu Tamil Thisai]] |url=https://www.hindutamil.in/news/blogs/82424-100-66.html |url-status=live |access-date=6 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211206091554/https://www.hindutamil.in/news/blogs/82424-100-66.html |archive-date=6 December 2021}}</ref>

In one particular scene, Ramachandran objected to the dialogue where he had to swear in the name of [[Allah]], as he was then associated with the rationalist [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]. He suggested that the dialogue be changed to swearing in the name of his mother, but was finally asked by the director to use the original dialogue.<ref name="MGR film" />{{Sfn|Kannan|2017|p=77}} For the scene where Bulbul ([[M. N. Rajam]]) and Dowlath ([[K. Sarangapani]]) roll the barrels containing the hiding dacoits one by one into the waterfall, Sundaram finalised [[Hogenakkal Falls]] as the shooting spot. Shooting also took place on an identical set designed by Dominique. The scenes taken on set were combined with the outdoor scenes seamlessly.<ref>{{Cite web |date=5 May 2013 |title=முதலாளி! (10) |trans-title=Boss! (10) |url=https://www.dinamalar.com/malarkal/vara-malar-weekly-magazine/boss-10/15259 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211206121302/https://www.dinamalar.com/supplementary_detail.asp?id=15259&cat=2 |archive-date=6 December 2021 |access-date=6 December 2021 |website=[[Dinamalar]] |language=ta}}</ref> When only a song and a fight sequence were left to be finished, Ramachandran could not appear for the shoot, since he had to shoot for ''[[Madurai Veeran (1956 film)|Madurai Veeran]]'' (1956).<ref name="dtnext" /> As Sundaram was unwilling to wait for Ramachandran's return, those portions were eventually shot with Karadimuthu, who acted as a [[Double (filmmaking)|body double]] for Ramachandran.<ref name="MGR film" /><ref name="BhanumathiDuet" /> ''Alibabavum 40 Thirudargalum'' was processed at the Film Centre, Bombay (now [[Mumbai]]).<ref name="Alibaba credits" /> The final length of the film was {{Convert|16789|feet|metres}}.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Alibabavum 40 Thirudargalum |url=http://i1303.photobucket.com/albums/ag149/kailash29792/alibaba%201956%20certificate_zpskzpen1mw.jpg |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160908092244/http://s1303.photobucket.com/user/kailash29792/media/alibaba%201956%20certificate_zpskzpen1mw.jpg.html |archive-date=8 September 2016 |access-date=8 September 2016 |publisher=[[Central Board of Film Certification]]}}</ref>

== Themes and influences ==
''Alibabavum 40 Thirudargalum'' is based on the story of Ali Baba from ''One Thousand and One Nights''.{{sfnm|1a1=Guy|1y=1997|1p=204|2a1=Rajadhyaksha|2a2=Willemen|2y=1998|2p=339}} Although the tale and costumes are middle eastern, Marziana, a [[Muslims|Muslim]], often refers to [[Yama]], the [[Hindus|Hindu]] god of death.{{Sfn|Rajadhyaksha|Willemen|1998|pp= 339–340}} Historian [[Sachi Sri Kantha]] noted that various Ramachandran films reflect the 1950s trend of films being "costume dramas" that focus on princes and folk heroes, citing ''Alibabavum 40 Thirudargalum'' as an example.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sri Kantha |first=Sachi |date=30 September 2014 |title=MGR Remembered – Part 21 {{!}} Generativity in DMK Party of 1950s |url=http://sangam.org/mgr-remembered-part-21/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160914123951/http://sangam.org/mgr-remembered-part-21/ |archive-date=14 September 2016 |access-date=14 September 2016 |website=[[Ilankai Tamil Sangam]]}}</ref>

Ramachandran was an avid fan of [[action hero]]es like [[Errol Flynn]], [[John Barrymore]], and [[Douglas Fairbanks]]. Throughout the 1950s, he acted in films that justified his status as an action hero.{{Sfn|Swaminathan|2002|p=10}} ''Alibabavum 40 Thirudargalum'' portrayed him as a swashbuckling action hero who also has a [[Robin Hood]]-like agenda of serving the poor and the downtrodden with the treasure he finds in the cave.{{Sfn|Swaminathan|2002|p=10}} Udhav Naig of ''[[The Hindu]]'' noted that through ''Alibabavum 40 Thirudargalum'' and several other films, Ramachandran "posited a cleverly-crafted image of being one among the working classes and poorer sections, raising a fist against injustice."<ref>{{Cite news |last=Naig |first=Udhav |date=7 January 2018 |title=Stars in politics: No jump cuts in T.N. |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/stars-in-politics-no-jump-cuts-in-tn/article22389006.ece |url-status=live |access-date=18 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180118145049/http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/stars-in-politics-no-jump-cuts-in-tn/article22389006.ece |archive-date=18 January 2018}}</ref>

Rajadhyaksha and Willemen, in ''Encyclopedia of Indian Cinema'', compare it to Ramachandran's other films like ''[[Malaikkallan]]'' (1954) and ''[[Madurai Veeran (1956 film)|Madurai Veeran]]'' (1956) as they are also Robin Hood-inspired, and because Bhanumathi plays a [[damsel in distress]] in them.{{sfn|Rajadhyaksha|Willemen|1998|p=60}} The French website ''Jol-Press'' compared it to ''Manthiri Kumari'' because both films feature Ramachandran as a Flynn-inspired hero.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Overdorf |first=Jason |date=22 July 2012 |title=Les dieux du cinéma tamoul |trans-title=The gods of Tamil cinema |url=http://www.jolpress.com/article/les-dieux-du-cinema-tamoul-inde-rajinikanth-bollywood-super-heros-797191.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160914080050/http://www.jolpress.com/article/les-dieux-du-cinema-tamoul-inde-rajinikanth-bollywood-super-heros-797191.html |archive-date=14 September 2016 |access-date=14 September 2016 |website=Jol-Press |language=French}}</ref>

== Music ==
The film's original soundtrack and score were composed by [[Susarla Dakshinamurthi]],{{Sfn|Baskaran|1996|p=118}} while the lyrics were written by [[A. Maruthakasi]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Alibabavum 40 Thirudargalum (1956) |url=http://www.raaga.com/channels/tamil/movie/T0001423.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141121091631/http://play.raaga.com/tamil/album/alibabavum-40-thirudargalum-T0001423 |archive-date=21 November 2014 |access-date=18 March 2013 |website=[[Raaga.com]]}}</ref><ref name="CETT" /> T. R. Sundaram decided to use the same tunes set from ''Alibaba Aur 40 Chor''. [[Udumalai Narayana Kavi]] was offered to write the lyrics. He declined, saying that he would only write lyrics for fresh tunes and recommended Maruthakasi.<ref>{{Cite news |date=31 July 2017 |title=மாடர்ன் தியேட்டர்ஸ் – மருதகாசி மோதல்: உண்மையை கண்டுபிடித்த டி.ஆர்.சுந்தரம் |language=Tamil |trans-title=Modern Theatres – Maruthakasi's clash: T. R. Sundaram, who discovered the truth |work=[[Maalai Malar]] |url=http://www.maalaimalar.com/Cinema/CineHistory/2017/07/31220611/1099695/cinima-history.vpf |url-status=dead |access-date=4 August 2017 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20170804140805/http://www.maalaimalar.com/Cinema/CineHistory/2017/07/31220611/1099695/cinima-history.vpf |archive-date=4 August 2017}}</ref> The song "Azhagaana Ponnu Naan" is based on "Dekho Ji Shanti Nikla", "Masila Unmai Kathale" is based on "Ae Saba Unse Kah Jara", "Chinnanjiru Chitte" is based on "Chalo Chalo Chale Hum Babul Ke Tale", and "En Aattamellaam" is based on "Sharmake Lajake"; all from ''Alibaba Aur 40 Chor''.<ref>{{Cite news |date=26 September 2016 |title=பொன்னு விளையிற பூமியில் பொற்காலப் பாடல்கள் தந்த மருதகாசி! |language=Tamil |trans-title=Maruthakasi, the one who gave golden songs like the soil that grows gold! |work=[[Dinamalar]] |location=Nellai |url=http://www.dinamalarnellai.com/web/news/15759 |url-status=usurped |access-date=24 July 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170724143935/http://www.dinamalarnellai.com/web/news/15759 |archive-date=24 July 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Sriram |first=V. |author-link=V. Sriram |date=17 January 2019 |title=MGR's Ali Baba |url=https://sriramv.wordpress.com/2019/01/17/mgrs-ali-baba/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190608165020/https://sriramv.wordpress.com/2019/01/17/mgrs-ali-baba/ |archive-date=8 June 2019 |access-date=8 June 2019 |website=Madras Heritage and Carnatic Music}}</ref> The [[dilruba]] in the songs were played by Shanmugham.<ref>{{Cite news |date=26 January 2014 |title=இசையின் மொழி தில்ரூபா சரோஜா |language=ta |trans-title=Dilruba Saroja, the language of music |work=[[Hindu Tamil Thisai]] |url=https://www.hindutamil.in/news//vellore/209272-.html |url-status=live |access-date=6 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211206091554/https://www.hindutamil.in/news//vellore/209272-.html |archive-date=6 December 2021}}</ref> "Azhagaana Ponnu Naan" is set in the [[Mayamalavagowla]] [[raga]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Mani |first=Charulatha |author-link=Charulatha Mani |date=11 November 2011 |title=A Raga's Journey – The magic of Mayamalavagowla |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/music/a-ragas-journey-the-magic-of-mayamalavagowla/article2618199.ece |url-status=live |access-date=21 November 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141121083524/http://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/music/a-ragas-journey-the-magic-of-mayamalavagowla/article2618199.ece |archive-date=21 November 2014}}</ref>{{Sfn|Sundararaman|2007|p=125}} The opening line of "Azhagaana Ponnu Naan" was later used in a song titled "Azhagana Ponnu Thaan" from ''[[Nenjirukkum Varai (2006 film)|Nenjirukkum Varai]]'' (2006).<ref>{{Cite web |last=Srinivas |first=Saraswathy |date=6 December 2006 |title=Nenjirukkum varai: Mixed bag |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/review/nv/20061206.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160914050842/http://www.rediff.com/movies/review/nv/20061206.htm |archive-date=14 September 2016 |access-date=14 September 2016 |website=[[Rediff.com]]}}</ref> "Ullasa Ulagam" was later remixed by [[Pravin Mani]] and [[Vidyasagar (composer)|Vidyasagar]] in ''[[Jayamkondaan]]'' (2008).<ref>{{Cite web |last=Srinivasan |first=Pavithra |date=12 June 2008 |title=Jeyam Kondaan's music is unoriginal |url=http://www.rediff.co.in/movies/2008/jun/12ssjk.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141121081917/http://www.rediff.com/movies/2008/jun/12ssjk.htm |archive-date=21 November 2014 |access-date=18 March 2013 |website=[[Rediff.com]]}}</ref> "Chinnanchiru Chitte" was remixed in ''[[Muruga (film)|Muruga]]'' (2007).<ref>{{Cite web |last=Srinivas |first=Saraswathy |date=21 December 2006 |title=''Muruga'' offers routine stuff |url=http://inhome.rediff.com/movies/2006/dec/21muruga.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150315134857/http://inhome.rediff.com/movies/2006/dec/21muruga.htm |archive-date=15 March 2015 |access-date=15 March 2015 |website=[[Rediff.com]]}}</ref> Elements from the song were also used in "Andangkaka" from ''[[Anniyan]]'' (2005).<ref>{{Cite news |date=25 September 2016 |title=Dibbaradindi |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-cinemaplus/dibbaradindi/article9145208.ece |url-status=dead |access-date=28 September 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160928135748/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-cinemaplus/dibbaradindi/article9145208.ece |archive-date=28 September 2016}}</ref> The songs received positive reviews with "Azhagaana Ponnu Naan", "Masila Unmai Kathale", and "Ullaasa Ulagam" becoming popular among the masses.<ref name="CETT" />

{{Track listing
| headline = Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| title1 = Masila Unmai Kathale
| extra1 = [[A. M. Rajah]], [[P. Bhanumathi]]
| length1 = 3:04
| title2 = Chinnanjiru Chitte
| extra2 = [[S. C. Krishnan]], [[Jikki]]
| length2 = 2:53
| title3 = Azhagaana Ponnu Naan
| extra3 = P. Bhanumathi
| length3 = 3:04
| title4 = Naama Aaduvathum
| extra4 = Swarna Latha, [[K. Jamuna Rani]]
| length4 = 3:34
| title5 = Unnaivida Maattaen
| extra5 = P. Bhanumathi
| length5 = 2:40
| title6 = Ullaasa Ulagam
| extra6 = [[Ghantasala (musician)|Ghantasala]]
| length6 = 2:47
| title7 = Salaam Baabu
| extra7 = Jikki
| length7 = 4:19
| title8 = Anbinaale Aalavandha
| extra8 = P. Bhanumathi
| length8 = 3:25
| title9 = En Aattamellaam
| extra9 = P. Bhanumathi
| length9 = 3:56
}}

== Release and reception ==
''Alibabavum 40 Thirudargalum'' was released on 14 January 1956,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sri Kantha |first=Sachi |author-link=Sachi Sri Kantha |date=3 November 2014 |title=MGR Remembered – Part 22 {{!}} Sibling Rivalry and Siblicide in DMK of 1950s |url=http://sangam.org/mgr-remembered-part-22/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160911070936/http://sangam.org/mgr-remembered-part-22/ |archive-date=11 September 2016 |access-date=11 September 2016 |website=[[Ilankai Tamil Sangam]]}}</ref> during the festive occasion of [[Pongal (festival)|Pongal]],<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bali |first=Karan |date=14 January 2016 |title=Films that are 50: Come, fall in love again with 'Anbe Vaa' |url=http://thereel.scroll.in/801827/films-that-are-50-come-fall-in-love-again-with-anbe-vaa |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160316155833/http://thereel.scroll.in/801827/films-that-are-50-come-fall-in-love-again-with-anbe-vaa |archive-date=16 March 2016 |access-date=20 March 2016 |website=[[Scroll.in]]}}</ref> delayed from a 12 January release.<ref>{{Cite magazine |date=8 January 1956 |title=அலிபாபாவும் 40 திருடர்களும் |url=https://archive.org/details/kalki1956-01-08/page/n3/mode/2up |access-date=16 September 2024 |magazine=[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]] |page=2 |language=ta |via=[[Internet Archive]]}}</ref> Historian [[V. Sriram]] believes it was the first Tamil film to take advantage of block colour advertising.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sriram |first=V. |author-link=V. Sriram |date=5 April 2011 |title=Advertising in Madras |url=https://sriramv.wordpress.com/2011/04/05/advertising-in-madras/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20181215032849/https://sriramv.wordpress.com/2011/04/05/advertising-in-madras/ |archive-date=15 December 2018 |access-date=15 December 2018 |website=Madras Heritage and Carnatic Music |quote=The film industry appears to have been a major source of ad revenue for press given that block colour advertising was heralded in with films such as "''Ali Babavum 40 Tirudargalum''" being the first to take advantage of this innovation.}}</ref> The film was a commercial success and ran for over 100 days in theatres.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Moorthi |first=S. L. V. |date=14 November 2017 |title=ஆன்லைன் ராஜா 01: உலக நாயகன் |trans-title=Online King 1: Universal Hero |url=https://www.hindutamil.in/news/business/120953-01.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211206091519/https://www.hindutamil.in/news/business/120953-01.html |archive-date=6 December 2021 |access-date=6 December 2021 |work=[[Hindu Tamil Thisai]] |language=ta}}</ref> Tamil film historian [[S. Theodore Baskaran]] wrote in his 1996 book ''The Eye of the Serpent'', "The film's cast of M.G. Ramachandran as the swash-buckling Alibaba, Bhanumathi as the singing-heroine ... and Thangavelu as the comedian was the main factor contributing to its huge success." He said another factor attributed to the film's success that it was the first full-length South Indian colour film.{{sfn|Baskaran|1996|p=119}} Sachi Sri Kantha felt that the Gevacolor looked somewhat "washed out" and "inferior" to other colouring processes like [[Eastmancolor]] and versions of [[Fujifilm|Fujicolor]]. He said the film succeeded with the Tamil masses because "it was a first time experience they could enjoy the [colour] in totality. This is because illiterate Tamil masses would have watched Hollywood movies produced in [colour] for entertainment. But, being illiterate, [the] majority wouldn't have comprehended the dialogues and songs in English."<ref name="sangam" /> It won the Film Fans' Association Award for Best Tamil Film.<ref>{{Cite news |date=13 April 1957 |title=Awards for Best Films and Stars of 1956 |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=P9oYG7HA76QC&dat=19570413&printsec=frontpage&hl=en |access-date=2 January 2019 |work=[[The Indian Express]] |pages=8 |via=[[Google News Archive]]}}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=1 March 1999 |title=அன்றிலிருந்து இன்றுவரை சினிமா |url=http://www.vlambaram.com/archives/March%2001,%2099.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160317222502/http://vlambaram.com/archives/March%2001,%2099.pdf |archive-date=17 March 2016 |access-date=6 December 2021 |work=Vlambaram |language=ta}}</ref> The film was later dubbed in [[Telugu language|Telugu]] as ''Ali Baba 40 Dongalu''.<ref>{{Cite news |date=23 September 2009 |title=Old favourites come handy for new shows |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Visakhapatnam/old-favourites-come-handy-for-new-shows/article24058.ece |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160907095739/http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Visakhapatnam/old-favourites-come-handy-for-new-shows/article24058.ece |archive-date=7 September 2016 |access-date=7 September 2016 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=1956 – அலிபாபாவும் 40 திருடர்களும் – மாடர்ன் தியேட்டர்ஸ் (அலிபாபா 40 தெலுங்கலு – (தெ-டப்). |trans-title=1956 – Alibabavum 40 Thirudargalum – Modern Theatres (Alibaba 40 Dongalu – (te-dub). |url=http://lakshmansruthi.com/cineprofiles/1956-cinedetails2.asp |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170513124650/http://lakshmansruthi.com/cineprofiles/1956-cinedetails2.asp |archive-date=13 May 2017 |access-date=13 May 2017 |website=[[Lakshman Sruthi]] |language=Tamil}}</ref> ''Alibabavum 40 Thirudargalum'' had a [[Limited theatrical release|limited re-release]] on 14 April 2011, during the festive occasion of ''[[Puthandu]]'' (Tamil New Year) in Chennai.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Rangan |first=Baradwaj |author-link=Baradwaj Rangan |date=29 April 2011 |title=Lights, Camera, Conversation... – A dinosaur roams again |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/lights-camera-conversation-a-dinosaur-roams-again/article1936998.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160908131911/http://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/lights-camera-conversation-a-dinosaur-roams-again/article1936998.ece |archive-date=8 September 2016 |access-date=8 September 2016 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref> The film was released on home video by [[Moser Baer]] in June 2010,<ref>{{Cite web |date=28 June 2010 |title=Platinum Series – Alibaba 40 Thirudargalum |url=https://www.amazon.in/Platinum-Alibaba-40-Thirudargalum-M-G-R/dp/B0062UAW50 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160907090817/http://www.amazon.in/Platinum-Alibaba-40-Thirudargalum-M-G-R/dp/B0062UAW50 |archive-date=7 September 2016 |access-date=7 September 2016 |website=[[Amazon (company)|Amazon]]}}</ref> and by [[Raj Television Network|Raj Video Vision]] in April 2012.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2 April 2012 |title=Alibabavum 40 Thirudargalum |url=http://rajvideovision.net/product_info.php?products_id=16 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131021142107/http://rajvideovision.net/product_info.php?products_id=16 |archive-date=21 October 2013 |access-date=18 March 2013 |website=[[Raj Television Network|Raj Video Vision]]}}</ref>

== Legacy ==
''Alibabavum 40 Thirudargalum'' became a "landmark" in Ramachandran's acting career,<ref>{{Cite news |last=Jeshi |first=K. |date=2 September 2011 |title=Following a star |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=http://www.thehindu.com/life-and-style/metroplus/article2418144.ece |url-status=live |access-date=26 March 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141121095822/http://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/article2418144.ece |archive-date=21 November 2014}}</ref> and set a "precedent for many [[buccaneer]]-style characters" he would portray in his later films.<ref name="HindustanTimes" /> In ''Encyclopedia of Indian Cinema'', Rajadhyaksha and Willemen said the film was one of Ramachandran's "most characteristic 50s genre films".{{sfn|Rajadhyaksha|Willemen|1998|pp=339–340}}

== In popular culture ==
''Alibabavum 40 Thirudargalum'' has been referenced in many films. [[Janagaraj]]'s character Sethupathi in ''[[Rajadhi Raja (1989 film)|Rajadhi Raja]]'' (1989) sings a portion of "Ullasa Ulagam", before meeting with a fate similar to that of Ghulam in ''Alibabavum 40 Thirudargalum''.<ref>{{Cite AV media |title=Rajadhi Raja |type=motion picture |language=ta |publisher=Pavalar Creations |year=1989 |place=India |time=1:10:24}}</ref> [[Goundamani]] and [[Sathyaraj]]'s characters imitate the song "Maasila Unmai Kadhale" in ''[[Rickshaw Mama]]'' (1992).<ref>{{Cite AV media |title=Rickshaw Mama |type=motion picture |language=ta |publisher=Shri Mishri Productions |year=1992 |place=India |time=22:43}}</ref> Vellaisamy ([[Vadivelu]]) and Pazhanisamy ([[Vivek (actor)|Vivek]]) sing the beginning portion of "Ullasa Ulagam" in ''[[Pongalo Pongal]]'' (1997).<ref>{{Cite AV media |title=Pongalo Pongal |type=motion picture |language=ta |publisher=Thiruvalluvar Kalaikoodam |year=1997 |place=India |time=1:44:30}}</ref> In ''[[Baba (2002 film)|Baba]]'' (2002), the title character ([[Rajinikanth]]) and his friends see the clip where Alibaba closes the cave using the phrase "close sesame" after entering it using the words "[[Open Sesame (phrase)|open sesame]]".<ref>{{Cite AV media |title=Baba |type=motion picture |language=ta |publisher=[[Lotus Five Star|Lotus Group]] |year=2002 |place=India |time=16:55}}</ref> Actor [[Narayan Lucky]] has stated that his 2015 film ''[[Thiranthidu Seese]]'' was named after the dialogue of the same name spoken by Ramachandran in ''Alibabavum 40 Thirudargalum''.<ref>{{Cite news |date=19 May 2015 |title=Narayan Balances Comedy and Thrill |work=[[The New Indian Express]] |url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/Narayan-Balances-Comedy-and-Thrill/2015/05/19/article2821236.ece? |url-status=dead |access-date=14 September 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160914090623/http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/Narayan-Balances-Comedy-and-Thrill/2015/05/19/article2821236.ece |archive-date=14 September 2016}}</ref> In ''[[Thoppi]]'' (2015), the [[Hindu Religious and Charitable Endowments Department|Minister for Hindu Religious and Charitable Endowments]] orders police inspector Kuzhanthaisamy to find a stolen film reel box; the film is ''Alibabavum 40 Thirudargalum''.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Suganth |first=M. |date=7 March 2015 |title=Thoppi Movie Review |work=[[The Times of India]] |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/Thoppi/movie-review/46487253.cms |url-status=live |access-date=7 September 2016 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20160907090016/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/Thoppi/movie-review/46487253.cms |archive-date=7 September 2016}}</ref>

== Notes ==
{{notelist}}

== References ==
<references>
<ref name="songbook">{{Cite book |url=https://archive.org/download/Alibabavum40Thirudargalum1956Songbook/Alibabavum%2040%20Thirudargalum.pdf |title=அலிபாபாவும் 40 திருடர்களும் |publisher=[[Modern Theatres]] |year=c. 1956 |language=Tamil |trans-title=Alibaba and the Forty Thieves |type=[[song book]] |access-date=26 September 2022}}</ref>
<ref name="waheeda">{{Cite web |last=Bali |first=Karan |date=2 January 2015 |title=Tamil Nadu's trailblazing Modern Theatres studio spun romances, period dramas and colour films |url=http://scroll.in/article/694534/tamil-nadus-trailblazing-modern-theatres-studio-spun-romances-period-dramas-and-colour-films |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160906153559/http://scroll.in/article/694534/tamil-nadus-trailblazing-modern-theatres-studio-spun-romances-period-dramas-and-colour-films |archive-date=6 September 2016 |access-date=6 September 2016 |website=[[Scroll.in]]}}</ref>
<ref name="Alibaba credits">{{Cite AV media |title=Alibabavum 40 Thirudargalum |last=Sundaram |first=T. R. |type=motion picture |language=ta |publisher=[[Modern Theatres]] |year=1956 |author-link=T. R. Sundaram |place=India |time=1:03}}</ref>
<ref name="sangam">{{Cite web |last=Sri Kantha |first=Sachi |author-link=Sachi Sri Kantha |date=28 September 2013 |title=MGR Remembered – Part 11 |url=http://sangam.org/mgr-remembered-part-11/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160907031512/http://sangam.org/mgr-remembered-part-11/ |archive-date=7 September 2016 |access-date=6 September 2016 |website=[[Ilankai Tamil Sangam]]}}</ref>
<ref name="DinamalarAlibaba">{{Cite news |last=வேங்கடசாமி |first=ரா. |date=5 May 2013 |title=முதலாளி! (10) |language=Tamil |trans-title=Boss! (10) |work=[[Dinamalar]] |url=https://www.dinamalar.com/malarkal/vara-malar-weekly-magazine/boss-10/15259 |url-status=live |access-date=12 May 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170512102233/http://www.dinamalar.com/supplementary_detail.asp?id=15259 |archive-date=12 May 2017}}</ref>
<ref name="MGR film">{{Cite news |last=Nelba |date=21 March 2014 |title=எம்.ஜி.ஆர். இல்லாமல் நடந்த எம்.ஜி.ஆர் படப்பிடிப்பு! |language=Tamil |trans-title=An MGR film that was filmed without MGR! |work=[[Hindu Tamil Thisai]] |url=https://www.hindutamil.in/news/supplements/hindu-talkies/219417-.html |url-status=live |access-date=6 January 2021 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20210106091957/https://www.hindutamil.in/news/supplements/hindu-talkies/219417--1.html |archive-date=6 January 2021}}</ref>
<ref name="BhanumathiDuet">{{Cite news |date=12 August 2017 |title=பிளாஷ்பேக்: காதல் டூயட்டில் பானுமதியுடன் ஆடிய எம்.ஜி.ஆரின் டூப் |language=ta |trans-title=MGR's double, who acted with Bhanumathi in a romantic duet |work=[[Dinamalar]] |url=https://cinema.dinamalar.com/tamil-news/61843/cinema/Kollywood/Alibabavum-40-thirudargalum-:-Shooting-without-MGR.htm |url-status=live |access-date=23 August 2017 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20170823135931/http://cinema.dinamalar.com/tamil-news/61843/cinema/Kollywood/Alibabavum-40-thirudargalum-:-Shooting-without-MGR.htm |archive-date=23 August 2017}}</ref>
<ref name="CETT">{{Cite news |last=Chellappa |date=1 September 2012 |title=திருப்புமுனை திரைப்படங்கள் – 29 – அலிபாபாவும் நாற்பது திருடர்களும் (1956) |language=Tamil |trans-title=Path-breaking films – 29 – Alibabavum 40 Thirudargalum (1956) |work=[[Cinema Express]] |url=http://tinypic.com/view.php?pic=2m4w0g7&s=6#.V9EJn5N97-a |url-status=dead |access-date=8 September 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160908064941/http://tinypic.com/view.php?pic=2m4w0g7&s=6#.V9EKI5N97-Y |archive-date=8 September 2016}}</ref>
<ref name="HindustanTimes">{{Cite news |last=Mishra |first=Nivedita |date=17 January 2017 |title=MGR's centenary: The man who dominated Tamil films for 3 decades |work=[[Hindustan Times]] |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/regional-movies/mgr-s-centenary-the-man-who-dominated-tamil-films-for-3-decades/story-3aN5zgVfkI6nWqX8csbD7J.html |url-status=live |access-date=17 January 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170117143057/http://www.hindustantimes.com/regional-movies/mgr-s-centenary-the-man-who-dominated-tamil-films-for-3-decades/story-3aN5zgVfkI6nWqX8csbD7J.html |archive-date=17 January 2017}}</ref>
</references>

== Bibliography ==
{{Refbegin|30em}}
* {{Cite book |last=Baskaran |first=S. Theodore |title=The eye of the serpent: an introduction to Tamil cinema |publisher=East West Books |year=1996 |oclc=243920437 |author-link=S. Theodore Baskaran}}
* {{Cite book |last=Bhanumathi |title=Musings |publisher=P.B.R. Publications |year=2000 |oclc=605305925 |author-link=P. Bhanumathi |orig-date=1993}}
* {{Cite book |last=Dumont |first=Hervé |title=Contes et légendes d'Orient: au cinéma et à la télévision |publisher=Books on Demand |year=2017 |isbn=978-2-3221-0135-1 |language=French |trans-title=Tales and legends of the East: in cinema and on television}}
* {{Cite book |last1=Gokulsing |first1=K. Moti |title=Routledge Handbook of Indian Cinemas |last2=Dissanayake |first2=Wimal |publisher=[[Routledge]] |year=2013 |isbn=978-0-415-67774-5}}
* {{Cite book |last=Guy |first=Randor |title=Starlight, Starbright: The Early Tamil Cinema |publisher=Amra Publishers |year=1997 |oclc=1129588233}}
* {{Cite book |last=Kannan |first=R. |title=MGR: A Life |publisher=[[Penguin Random House]] |year=2017 |isbn=978-0-14-342934-0 |location=India}}
* {{Cite book |last=Pillai |first=Swarnavel Eswaran |title=Madras Studios: Narrative, Genre, and Ideology in Tamil Cinema |publisher=[[SAGE Publishing|SAGE Publications]] |year=2015 |isbn=978-93-5150-212-8}}
* {{Cite book |last1=Rajadhyaksha |first1=Ashish |title=Encyclopaedia of Indian Cinema |last2=Willemen |first2=Paul |publisher=[[British Film Institute]] and [[Oxford University Press]] |year=1998 |isbn=0-19-563579-5 |author-link=Ashish Rajadhyaksha |author-link2=Paul Willemen |orig-date=1994}}
* {{Cite book |last=Swaminathan |first=Roopa |title=M.G. Ramachandran: Jewel of the Masses |publisher=Rupa Publications |year=2002 |isbn=81-7167-897-1}}
* {{Cite book |last=Sundararaman |title=Raga Chintamani: A Guide to Carnatic Ragas Through Tamil Film Music |publisher=Pichhamal Chintamani |year=2007 |edition=2nd |location=Chennai |oclc=295034757 |orig-date=2005}}
{{Refend}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title}}

{{Ali Baba}}
{{Modern Theatres}}
{{T. R. Sundaram}}

[[Category:1956 fantasy films]]
[[Category:1956 films]]
[[Category:1956 Indian films]]
[[Category:1956 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:Films based on Ali Baba]]
[[Category:Films directed by T. R. Sundaram]]
[[Category:Films scored by Susarla Dakshinamurthi]]
[[Category:Indian fantasy films]]
[[Category:Indian swashbuckler films]]
[[Category:Tamil remakes of Hindi films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language fantasy films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]

Chhaya (film)

2026-03-04T03:59:55Z

Vivek.Dantkale: enhance section for consistency and updated info

{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Chhaya
| image = Chhaya.jpg
| director = [[Hrishikesh Mukherjee]]
| producer = [[A. V. Meiyappan]]
| writer = [[Sachin Bhowmick]] [[Rajendra Krishan]]
| starring = [[Sunil Dutt]] [[Asha Parekh]] [[Nirupa Roy]]
| music = [[Salil Chowdhury]]
| cinematography = Jaywant Pathare T. B. Seetaram
| editing = R. G. Gope
| released = {{Film date|df=y|1961|08|03}}
| runtime =
| country = [[India]]
| language = [[Hindi]]
| budget =
}}
'''''Chhaya''''' (English: ''Shadow'') is a 1961 [[Bollywood]] film directed by [[Hrishikesh Mukherjee]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0054737/|title = Chhaya|website = [[IMDb]]}}</ref> The film stars [[Sunil Dutt]], [[Asha Parekh]], [[Nirupa Roy]], [[Nazir Hussain]] in pivotal roles. [[Nirupa Roy]] won the [[Filmfare Best Supporting Actress Award]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://deep750.googlepages.com/FilmfareAwards.pdf |title=1st Filmfare Awards 1953 |access-date=25 May 2010 |archive-date=12 June 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090612065210/http://deep750.googlepages.com/FilmfareAwards.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> Music was composed by [[Salil Chowdhury]].

==Plot==
Manorama ([[Nirupa Roy]]) comes to Lucknow along with her infant daughter after the death of her husband Shyamlal ([[Krishan Dhawan]]), searching for her maternal uncle. But when she finds that her uncle sold his house and has died, she becomes clueless and has nowhere to go. Moreover, her infant daughter becomes sick due to lack of food and shelter. Desperate to save her, Manorama leaves her at the gate of a wealthy man, Seth Jagatnarayan Chaudhary ([[Nazir Hussain]]). Jagatnarayan, having no children for himself, decides to adopt her and names her as Sarita. After few days, Manorama comes again as a nanny and settles with them. Jagatnarayan moves to Bombay to start a new life and to hide the fact that Sarita wasn't his biological daughter. There, they are joined by his sister Rukmini ([[Lalita Pawar]]) and her son Lalli ([[Mohan Choti]]).

Sarita ([[Asha Parekh]]) grows up to be a beautiful, intelligent and carefree young girl under the care of her father and nanny. A young man, Arun ([[Sunil Dutt]]) gets appointed as a tutor to Sarita. Sarita later learns that he was indeed her favorite poet who writes under the pen name of Rahi and gets attracted to him. They grow close and Arun's family wants them to get married. But they get rejected by Jagatnarayan on the grounds of their poverty, leaving Arun and Sarita disappointed.

Jagatnarayan settles Sarita's match with the only son of a wealthy man, Motilal. But Manorama, after seeing Sarita's plight, decides to stop that marriage at any rate and writes a letter to Motilal explaining that Sarita wasn't Jagatnarayan's biological daughter. Enraged, Motilal confirms it with Jagatnarayan and cancels the engagement. Jagatnarayan, having no other way, agrees to marry Sarita to Arun. But he sends Manorama away from his house as she revealed the secret to destroy Sarita's future.

During the wedding ceremony, Manorama comes for one last time to give her blessings to Sarita, and gets insulted by Jagatnarayan's sister. She leaves to commit suicide as she thinks that she has finished all her responsibilities towards Sarita. But Jagatnarayan finds the photo of young Sarita with her biological parents in Manorama's luggage and by adding one thing to another, concludes that Manorama was indeed Sarita's biological mother. They go searching for her and find her at railway track. Sarita calls her mother for the first time, stopping her from committing suicide. They request her to come back and stay with them and everybody reconciles.

==Cast==
* [[Sunil Dutt]] as Arun / Rahi
* [[Asha Parekh]] as Sarita
* [[Nirupa Roy]] as Manorama
* [[Nazir Hussain]] as Seth Jagatnarayan Chaudhary
* [[Lalita Pawar]] as Rukmini Chaudhary
* [[Achala Sachdev]] as Arun's Elder Sister
* [[Mohan Choti]] as Lalli
* [[Ashim Kumar]] as Ramu / Romeo
* [[Krishan Dhawan]] as Shyamlal
* [[Asit Sen (actor)|Asit Sen]] as Dard
* [[Baby Farida]] as Young Sarita

==Music==
The music for this movie was composed by [[Salil Chowdhury]] and the songs penned by [[Rajinder Krishan]]. The song "Itna Na Mujhse Tu Pyaar Badha" is based on [[Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart|Mozart's]] [[Symphony No. 40 (Mozart)|40th symphony]].<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tvV_A-ayyZUC&q=hindi+song+mozart+symphony+40&pg=PA240 |title=India's Shakespeare: Translation, Interpretation, and Performance |last1=Bartholomeusz |first1=Dennis |last2=Trivedi |first2=Poonam |publisher=[[Pearson Education]] |year=2005 |isbn=81-7758-131-7 |location=India |pages=240}}</ref>
{|class="wikitable"
! Song !! Singer
|-
| "Ya Keh De Hum Insan"
| [[Mohammed Rafi]]
|-
| "Chham Chham Nachat"
| [[Lata Mangeshkar]]
|-
| "Dil Se Dil Ki Dor Bandhe Chori Chori Jane"
| [[Lata Mangeshkar]], [[Mukesh (singer)|Mukesh]]
|-
| "Itna Na Mujhse Tu Pyar Badha" (Duet)
| [[Lata Mangeshkar]], [[Talat Mahmood]]
|-
| "Itna Na Mujhse Tu" (Sad)
| [[Talat Mahmood]]
|-
| "Aankhon Mein Masti"
| [[Talat Mahmood]]
|-
| "Aansoo Samajhke"
| [[Talat Mahmood]]
|-
|}

==References==
{{reflist|2}}

==External links==
*{{IMDb title|0054737}}

{{Hrishikesh Mukherjee}}
{{AVM Productions}}

[[Category:1961 films]]
[[Category:1961 Hindi-language films]]
[[Category:1961 Indian films]]
[[Category:Films directed by Hrishikesh Mukherjee]]
[[Category:Films scored by Salil Chowdhury]]

Kaarnama

2026-03-04T00:06:17Z

Vivek.Dantkale: adjust intro to improve readability and fixed typos

{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Kaarnama
| image =

| caption =
| director = [[Ranjeet]]
| producer = Ranjeet
| writer = Ranjeet
| narrator =
| starring = [[Vinod Khanna]] [[Kimi Katkar]] [[Farha Naaz]]
| music = [[Ravindra Jain]]
| cinematography =
| editing =
| distributor =
| released = {{film date|df=y|1990|11|12}}
| runtime =
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| budget =
| gross =
}}

''''' Kaarnama ''''' is a 1990 [[Bollywood]] film written, produced and directed by actor [[Ranjeet]]. Ranjeet had also directed the [[Rahul Roy]] and [[Anu Aggarwal]]-starrer ''[[Ghazab Tamasha]]''. ''Kaarnama'' was based on a horse race. It had a very different story line and was well made by director Ranjeet. Farha, Vinod Khanna and Amrish Puri did their best, but it was Kimi Katkar who stole the show and did extraordinary work. Cast includes [[Vinod Khanna]], [[Kimi Katkar]], [[Farha Naaz]], [[Neena Gupta]], [[Paintal (comedian)|Paintal]], [[Nirupa Roy]] and [[Amrish Puri]]. Farha's role in ''Kaarnama'', opposite Vinod Khanna and ''Woh Phir Ayegi'' are considered her best roles ever offered to her. By that time, she had married Dara Singh's son [[Vindu Dara Singh]].

==Cast==
*[[Vinod Khanna]] as Suraj
*[[Kimi Katkar]] as Jyoti
*[[Farha Naaz]] as Mala
*[[Amrish Puri]] as Rana
*[[Paintal (comedian)|Paintal]] as Bhupi
*[[Nirupa Roy]] as Savitri
*[[Neena Gupta]] as Vjyanti

==Music==
Lyrics: [[Ravindra Jain]]

#"Ki Karan Dus Ki Karan" – Sushil Kumar, [[Asha Bhosle]]
#"Aurat" – [[Neena Gupta]]
#"Kab Aankh Ladai Kab Kudi Patai" – [[Hemlata (singer)|Hemlata]], Dilraj Kaur, [[Shabbir Kumar]], Sushil Kumar
#"Umariya Kaise Chhupayegi" – [[Hemlata (singer)|Hemlata]], Dilraj Kaur, [[Shabbir Kumar]], Sushil Kumar

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|id=0378156}}

[[Category:Indian sports films]]
[[Category:Films scored by Ravindra Jain]]
[[Category:1990 Hindi-language films]]
[[Category:1990 Indian films]]
[[Category:Indian horse racing films]]

{{1990s-Hindi-film-stub}}

2008 All-India Railway Recruitment Board examination attack

2026-02-21T21:41:56Z

Vivek.Dantkale: Adding Some Data Added Tags - done

{{EngvarB|date=April 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2014}}
On 19 October 2008, [[Maharashtra Navnirman Sena]] (MNS) activists attacked [[North India]]n candidates appearing for the All India Railway Recruitment Board entrance exam for the Western region in [[Mumbai]], India.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.hindu.com/2008/10/20/stories/2008102057350100.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081020131407/http://www.hindu.com/2008/10/20/stories/2008102057350100.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=20 October 2008|title=North Indians attacked in Mumbai|author=Rahi Gaikwad|accessdate=20 October 2008|date=20 October 2008|work=[[The Hindu]]|location=Chennai, India}}</ref> The attacks invoked a quick reaction from [[Bihar]] members of the [[Union Government]] in [[Delhi]], notably the Union Railways Minister [[Lalu Prasad Yadav]] and his cabinet colleague, [[Ram Vilas Paswan]]. The Chief Minister of Bihar, [[Nitish Kumar]] spoke to his [[Maharashtra]] counterpart [[Vilasrao Deshmukh]] and urged him to provide protection to the migrants from Bihar.<ref name="Railway_beatup">{{cite news|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/News/PoliticsNation/Cant_beat_them_in_exams_so_beat_them_up_MNS/articleshow/3616650.cms|title=Can't beat them in exams, so beat them up: MNS|date=20 October 2008|work=The Economic Times |location=India|accessdate=21 October 2008}}</ref> Lalu called for the MNS to be shut down and called Raj Thackeray, its leader, a "mental case."<ref name="Railway_beatup" /><ref name="Mental_case">{{cite news|url=http://www.expressindia.com/latest-news/Raj-Thackeray-a-mental-case--ban-MNS--Lalu/375299/|title=Raj Thackeray a mental case, ban MNS: Lalu|date=20 October 2008|work=The Indian Express|accessdate=21 October 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081022063810/http://www.expressindia.com/latest-news/Raj-Thackeray-a-mental-case--ban-MNS--Lalu/375299/|archive-date=22 October 2008|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref>

Pawan Mahto, a resident of Bara-Khurd village in [[Nalanda]] district, Bihar died after being assaulted by MNS activists.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/mns-attack-bihar-boy-dies-cm-announces-exgratia/376143/|title=MNS attack: Bihar boy dies, CM announces ex-gratia|work=The Indian Express |accessdate=23 October 2008}}</ref> However, railway police claimed, based on the [[CCTV]] footage, that Pawan had died due to an accident at [[Andheri]] station after slipping at a platform.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/mns-backlash-railway-property-vandalised-in-bihar/377930/|title=MNS attack: Bihar boy died due to accident, not by attacks |work=The Indian Express |accessdate=25 October 2008}}</ref>

On 20 October 2008, Thackeray was arrested in [[Ratnagiri]] after Mumbai police had received a non-bailable warrant issued by a [[Jamshedpur]] court against the [[Maharashtra Navnirman Sena|MNS]] chief.<ref name="Oct_arrest">{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/India/We_failed_to_prevent_MNS_attack_on_north-Indians_CM_Deshmukh/rssarticleshow/3620511.cms|title=MNS chief Raj Thackeray arrested|date=21 October 2008|work=The Times of India |accessdate=21 October 2008}}</ref>

==Incident==
{{Expand section|date=October 2008}}
MNS (Maharashtra Navnirman Sena) and Shiv Sena activists attacked 13 railway board examination centres in suburban Mumbai to protest against "inadequate representation" of locals of Maharashtra in the above said exams. As per MNS, locals i.e. Maharashtrians should be given priority over others as the railway posts were vacant in Maharashtra.MNS workers entered the examination halls and vacated all the people of bihar and stopped them from giving the exams.

==Violence ==
Raj's arrest ignited violence by his supporters in large parts of the city forcing it to shut down. Irate supporters went on the rampage torching public transport and telling office goers to return home.<ref name="HT_mayhem">{{cite news|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/StoryPage/StoryPage.aspx?sectionName=Cricket&id=636c2661-af49-47e1-b043-5056a8a1c04c&&Headline=Mayhem+in+Mumbai+as+Raj+arrested|archive-url=https://archive.today/20110605230248/http://www.hindustantimes.com/StoryPage/StoryPage.aspx?sectionName=Cricket&id=636c2661-af49-47e1-b043-5056a8a1c04c&&Headline=Mayhem+in+Mumbai+as+Raj+arrested|url-status=dead|archive-date=5 June 2011|title=Mayhem in Mumbai as Raj Thackeray arrested|date=21 October 2008|work=The Economic Times |location=India|accessdate=21 October 2008}}</ref> Many shops and commercial establishments, especially those run or managed by non-Maharashtrians, chose not to open at all to avoid trouble. Raj, whose MNS workers Sunday attacked non-Maharashtrians appearing for the railway board examination, was brought from Ratnagiri, about 250 km from here, to be produced at the Bandra court, where he was summoned for.<ref name="HT_mayhem" />

There was mayhem outside the court premises with large crowds gathering around restively and camera crews waiting to capture the trouble.<ref name="HT_mayhem" />[ In some places, buses, taxis and autorickshaws were set on fire, in other areas public transport just stayed off the roads.<ref name="HT_mayhem" /> The office of the state Congress spokesperson Sanjay Nirupam was also vandalised.]<ref name="HT_mayhem" />

A North Indian shopkeeper was killed in [[Bhandup]], Mumbai after he refused to shut down his shop when MNS activists protesting Raj's arrest forced him to do so.<ref name="shopkeeper">{{cite news|url=http://www.mid-day.com/news/2008/oct/231008-Mumbai-Raj-Thackeray-MNS-Ramesh-Yadav-Maharashtra-Navnirman-Sena-activists.htm|title=Family of killed vendor demands compensation|publisher=[[Mid-Day]]|accessdate=23 October 2008}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://in.truveo.com/Shopkeeper-dies-after-clashes-SP-accuses-MNS/id/754707114|title=IBN Live Video: Shopkeeper dies after clashes, SP accuses|publisher=[[Truveo]]|accessdate=23 October 2008|archive-url=https://archive.today/20110717110628/http://in.truveo.com/Shopkeeper-dies-after-clashes-SP-accuses-MNS/id/754707114|archive-date=17 July 2011|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref> Four persons were killed and another seriously injured in a village near [[Kalyan, India|Kalyan]].<ref name="4_dead">{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/Four-killed-in-clash-after-Rajs-arrest/articleshow/3626619.cms|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121022023620/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2008-10-22/mumbai/27908835_1_raj-thackeray-mns-kalyan|url-status=live|archive-date=22 October 2012|title=Four killed in clash after Raj's arrest|date=22 October 2008|work=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=22 October 2008}}</ref> Deputy commissioner of police (rural) Sanjay Shintre said two North Indians, a member of the [[Agri (Maharashtra)|Agri]] community and an MNS worker were killed in a clash between the two communities in Pisavali, 10 km from Kalyan. Earlier, curfew had been imposed in the entire Kalyan area. The situation in Kalyan worsened in the evening as Raj was driven there to a police station lock-up where he was to spend the night before being presented in a court on 22 October. Five outdoor broadcast vans belonging to media houses were damaged by MNS supporters. A cameraman from [[ETV Network (India)|ETV]] was injured and had to be admitted to a private hospital.<ref name="4_dead" /> One Kalyan-Dombivli municipal transport bus was set on fire while five bikes were reduced to ashes.<ref name="4_dead" /> Transport services across Kalyan were paralysed. A jewellery shop was also ransacked by MNS supporters. In all one hundred and twenty-five cases of arson, rioting and stonepelting were registered across the state, including in Pune and [[Marathwada]], by early evening, and 2,085 people were arrested, state director general of police [[A N Roy]] said.<ref name="4_dead" />

As news about the arrest spread, there was violence in other parts of Maharashtra too.<ref name="HT_mayhem" /> Sporadic incidents of stone pelting at municipal and private buses were reported in the rest of Maharashtra following the arrest of MNS chief Raj Thackeray in Ratnagiri.<ref name="Hindu_RoMH">{{cite news|url=http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/holnus/001200810211122.htm|title= Raj's arrest sparks protests in Pune, Nashik |date=21 October 2008|work=The Hindu |accessdate=21 October 2008|location=Chennai, India}}</ref> In Kothrud area, some alleged MNS activists damaged a company's bus that was taking its employees to workplace.<ref name="Hindu_RoMH" /> Few Pune Municipal Transport (PMT) buses were stoned by MNS activists, police said. Meanwhile, police have picked up around 100 MNS activists, including some corporators as a preventive measure.<ref name="Hindu_RoMH" /> In Nashik, MNS activists set ablaze a truck near PWD minister [[Chhagan Bhujbal]]'s farm and also damaged another truck at Vilholi-Phata area, police said. Incidents of stone pelting on MSRTC buses and other vehicles were reported in some areas, they said, adding vehicular traffic on the busy Mumbai-Agra-national highway was disrupted following the protest.<ref name="Hindu_RoMH" /> Police rounded up 70 MNS activists in Nashik incidents and security was tightened in the city. In Solapur, incidents of stone pelting on state transport buses were also reported.<ref name="Hindu_RoMH" /> In [[Nagpur]] MNS party leaders claimed to have damaged several [[MSRTC]] buses.<ref name="Raj Thackeray sent to judicial custody">{{cite news|url=http://www.ibnlive.com/news/raj-thackeray-sent-to-judicial-custody-till-nov-4/76364-3-p1.html|title=Raj Thackeray sent to judicial custody till Nov 4|date=21 October 2008|publisher=IBN Live|accessdate=21 October 2008}}</ref>

== Protests ==

Shivananda Tiwari, [[Rajya Sabha]] MP and JD-U national general secretary, blaming the Bihar state government for the reactionary violence in Bihar by the agitated youths and said,"This reaction is out of frustration and is totally spontaneous. People are very angry at the treatment meted out to the state youths in Maharashtra.".<ref name="tiwari" /> Various cases were filed in Bihar and Jharkhand against Raj Thackeray for assaulting the students.<ref>Anand Mohan Sahay, [http://www.rediff.com/news/2008/oct/24raj1.htm Bihar: 2 more cases filed against Raj Thackeray], Patna, 23 October 2008</ref><ref>[http://www.rediff.com/news/2008/oct/24raj.htm Jharkhand: Another case filed against Raj Thackeray]</ref> A murder case was also filed by Jagdish Prasad, father of Pawan Kumar, who was allegedly killed by MNS activists in Mumbai.<ref>[http://www.rediff.com/news/2008/oct/24raj3.htm Murder case against Raj Thackeray in Bihar court]</ref> Mumbai police, however, claimed it to be a case of accident.<ref>[http://www.indianexpress.com/news/wasnt-mns-violence-bihar-boy-slipped-was-r.../377184/ Wasn't MNS violence: Bihar boy slipped, was run over by 3 trains]</ref> Bihar Chief Minister [[Nitish Kumar]] announced a compensation of Rs {{formatnum:150000}} to Pawan's family. Bihar state Congress chief, Anil Kumar Sharma, has demanded enactment of an Act by Parliament for closing opportunities to any political party or organisation that indulge in obscurantism and raise such narrow, chauvinistic issues based on [[caste]], religion and regionalism to capture power.<ref name="sharma" />

=== Bihar ===

Angry students in various parts of [[Bihar]] damaged railway property and disrupted train traffic, as protests continued against assaults on north Indians by MNS activists in [[Mumbai]]. The police said the protesters targeted [[Patna]], [[Jehanabad]], [[Barh]], [[Khusrupur]], [[Sasaram]] and [[Purnia]] railway stations in the morning. The protesting students reportedly set afire two AC bogies of an express train at Barh railway station. They ransacked Jehanabad, Barh, Purnia and Sasaram railway stations. According to the railway police, at least 10 students were detained in the morning and extra security was deployed to control the situation.<ref>[http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/Anger_against_Raj_Thackeray_rages_in_Bihar/articleshow/3627527.cms Anger against Raj Thackeray rages in Bihar]</ref>

Noted Physician Dr Diwakar Tejaswi observed a day-long fast in Patna to protest against repeated violence by the [[Maharashtra Navnirman Sena]] (MNS) leader [[Raj Thackeray]] and his goons against the north Indians.<ref>[http://patnadaily.com/news2008/oct/102208/physician_fast_to_protest.html Eminent Physician Observes Day-long Fast to Protest Attack on Biharis] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081025142408/http://www.patnadaily.com/news2008/oct/102208/physician_fast_to_protest.html |date=25 October 2008 }}</ref>

Various student organisations gave a call for Bihar shutdown on 25 Oct 2008 to protest attacks on north Indian candidates by Maharashtra Navnirnam Sena activists during a Railway recruitment examination in Mumbai.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20171013064658/http://www.bihartimes.com/Newsbihar/2008/Oct/Newsbihar23Oct5.html Student bodies give shutdown call in Bihar]</ref>
During the anti-MNS agitation a group of 63 tourists, of which many were Marathis, were on a tour of sacred Buddhist sites. The tourists found themselves stranded on the outskirts of Patna as riots broke out. The Marathis in the group were forced to hide their identity for fear of attacks. The group avoided speaking in Marathi, and woman wore saris in the north Indian rather than the Marathi style. For security, the group had to escorted by 25 policeman to the station. The tourists reached Nagpur safely.<ref>[https://archive.today/20110605231049/http://www.hindustantimes.com/StoryPage/StoryPage.aspx?id=862d668a-4a1e-407f-b4d0-47a70d560bfd&ParentID=c05b5245-e873-480f-b838-2a0ad1c40ed6&&Headline=Caught+in+cross-fire,+Marathis+get+Bihari+help Caught in cross-fire, Marathis get Bihari help]</ref>

=== Uttar Pradesh ===

A group of 25 people pelted stones on the Maharashtra Bhawan in Khalasi Line, [[Kanpur]], Uttar Pradesh. Constructed in 1928, the building is owned by the lone trust run by Marathis in Kanpur. Over the years, it has served as an important venue for prominent festivals, including [[Ganesh Utsav]] and [[Krishna Janmastami]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.expressindia.com/latest-news/maharashtra-building-attacked-in-kanpur/375940/ |title=Maharashtra Building attacked in Kanpur |access-date=24 October 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081024062255/http://www.expressindia.com/latest-news/maharashtra-building-attacked-in-kanpur/375940/ |archive-date=24 October 2008 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all }}</ref>

=== Delhi ===

A group of 20 youths, from Bihar, attacked Maharashtra Sadan in the capital on 3 November. The Rashtrawadi Sena has claimed responsibility for the attack. They ransacked the reception of the building and raised slogans against Raj Thackeray.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/north-indian-youths-attack-maharashtra-sadan-in-delhi/77345-3.html |title=North Indian youths attack Maharashtra Sadan in Delhi |website=ibnlive.in.com |access-date=17 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081106123653/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/north-indian-youths-attack-maharashtra-sadan-in-delhi/77345-3.html |archive-date=6 November 2008 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

=== Jharkhand ===

After the October 2008 anti-Bihari attacks in Maharashtra, members of the [[Bharatiya Bhojpuri Sangh]] (BBS) vandalised the official residence of [[Tata Motors]], [[Jamshedpur]] plant head S.B. Borwankar, a Maharashtrian. Armed with lathis and hockey sticks, more than 100 BBS members trooped to Borwankar's Nildih Road bungalow around 3.30pm. Shouting anti-MNS slogans, they smashed windowpanes and broke flowerpots. BBS president [[Anand Bihari Dubey]] called the attack on Borwankar's residence unfortunate, and said that he knew BBS members were angry after the attack in Maharashtra on Biharis, but did not expect a reaction. Fear of further violence gripped the 4,000-odd Maharashtrian settlers living in and around the city.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1081022/jsp/jharkhand/story_10002252.jsp | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081025143422/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1081022/jsp/jharkhand/story_10002252.jsp | url-status=dead | archive-date=25 October 2008 | location=Calcutta, India | work=The Telegraph | first=Jayesh | last=Thaker | title=Hate campaign spills over – House of Tata official attacked | date=22 October 2008}}</ref><ref>[http://www.ibnlive.com/news/top-tata-officers-bungalow-ransacked/76413-3.htmlTop Tata officer's bungalow ransacked in Jamshedpur]</ref>

==Political reactions==
Maharashtra Chief Minister Vilasrao Deshmukh admitted that his government was responsible for failure in preventing the attacks by MNS on north Indian candidates at Railways examination centres and ordered a probe into the incident, which will also enquire into why the job advertisements where not given in Marathi newspapers. "What has happened is not good. Such incidents take place because of loopholes in the law. One can't hold only the Home Ministry responsible for it, it is (entire) government's responsibility. Such incidents are affecting the image of the state and I have instructed the DGP to take stern action," Deshmukh said.<ref name="Failure">{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/India/We_failed_to_prevent_MNS_attack_on_north-Indians_CM_Deshmukh/rssarticleshow/3620511.cms|title=We failed to prevent MNS attack on north-Indians: Maharashtra CM|date=20 October 2008|work=The Times of India |accessdate=21 October 2008}}</ref> However, powerful Congress leader Narayan Rane, wrote a piece in the 23 October 2008 issue of 'Prahar', in a city newspaper he owns, pleading that Marathis should get their legitimate share in the central government sector. The [[Times of India]] noted, the essay indicates that Rane continues to have a soft spot for MNS chief Raj Thackeray – the two were close friends when Rane was in the Sena. Stating that the Marathis were getting a raw deal in central government jobs such as income tax and the railways, Rane said it was perplexing that of 54,000, only 54 Marathis were summoned for the railway recruitment exams. The railways must give Marathis their legitimate share in employment, Rane said.<ref name="Rane_support">{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/Rane-springs-to-support-Rajs-agenda/articleshow/3634527.cms|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121022024026/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2008-10-24/mumbai/27921674_1_marathi-manoos-narayan-rane-marathi-youths|url-status=live|archive-date=22 October 2012|title=Rane springs to support Raj's agenda|date=24 October 2008|access-date=24 October 2008|first1=Ambarish|work=[[The Times of India]]|last1=Mishra}}</ref>
Political parties condemned the attack by MNS activists on north Indian candidates who had come to appear in railway board exam in the city. "Strict action should be taken on MNS activists for the attack," said Bihari origin Congress leader [[Sanjay Nirupam]]. Maharashtra Chief Minister Vilasrao Deshmukh said his government will not tolerate Raj Thackeray's party. NCP spokesperson Gurunath Kulkarni also demanded harsh action against the activists. "I condemned the attack by MNS activists. They are not doing any good for Marathi people but spoiling the name of Maharashtra," Kulkarni said.<ref>http://www.ndtv.com/convergence/ndtv/story.aspx?id=NEWEN20080069338 {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081022025118/http://www.ndtv.com/convergence/ndtv/story.aspx?id=NEWEN20080069338 |date=22 October 2008 }} Political parties condemn attack by MNS</ref>

Bihar Chief Minister [[Nitish Kumar]] demanded action against the Maharashtra Navnirman Sena activists and full security to students. Nitish Kumar requested Maharashtra Chief Minister [[Vilasrao Deshmukh]] intervention. Kumar directed the [[additional director general of police]] to contact senior police officials in Maharashtra and compile a report on Sunday's incident and asked the home commissioner to hold talks with the Maharashtra home secretary to seek protection for people from Bihar.<ref name="nitesh1">Sahay Anand Mohan, [http://www.daijiworld.com/news/news_disp.asp?n_id=52551&n_tit=Nitish+Kumar+Demands+Stern+Action+against+MNS+Activists Nitish+Kumar+Demands+Stern Nitish Kumar Demands Stern Action against MNS Activists], daijiworld, 20 October 2008</ref>

{{blockquote|text=What can I do? I wrote a most strongly worded letter after the all-party delegation from Bihar met me. I also spoke to the Maharashtra Chief Minister.|sign=Manmohan Singh, Prime Minister of [[India]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/mumbai-attacks-bihar-allies-urge-pm-for-action-he-says-options-few/379589/|title=Mumbai attacks: Bihar allies urge PM for action, he says options few|date=31 October 2008}}</ref>}}

Bihar Chief Minister [[Nitish Kumar]] demanded action against the Maharashtra Navnirman Sena activists and full security to students. Nitish Kumar requested Maharashtra Chief Minister [[Vilasrao Deshmukh]] intervention. Kumar directed the additional director general of police to contact senior police officials in Maharashtra and compile a report on Sunday's incident and asked the home commissioner to hold talks with the Maharashtra home secretary to seek protection for people from Bihar.<ref name="nitesh1"/> He said: "I expect the [[Maharashtra]] government to act tough and protect our students."<ref name="nitesh1"/>

Others have also chimed in saying:
* The [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (BJP) was responsible for the entrenchment of Shiv Sena and its chief [[Bal Thackeray]] as well as Maharashtra Navnirman Sena (MNS) and its chief Raj Thackeray in the affairs of Maharashtra, even as they believed in and practised narrow politics based on caste, religion, regionalism and chauvinistic ambitions. BJP entered into an opportunistic alliance with Shiv Sena chief Bal Thackeray and also helped in paving the way for the rule of this party on Maharashtra." Anil Kumar Sharma, Bihar state Congress chief<ref name="sharma">[https://web.archive.org/web/20121022024040/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2008-10-24/patna/27936916_1_maharashtra-navnirman-sena-mns-raj-thackeray Cong chief, Modi fight over MNS issue]</ref>
* "The Congress party has a mastery in creating 'bhasmasurs' (self destructing demons). Earlier they created Bhindranwale in [[Punjab, India|Punjab]], which killed a Congress Prime Minister. Even this Raj Thackeray is ultimately going to damage Congress" [[Shivananda Tiwari]], Rajya Sabha MP and JD-U national general secretary<ref name="tiwari"/>
* "The [[Indian National Congress|Congress]] is Raj Thackeray's event management company and it is trying to project Raj's arrest as an event instead of making any serious effort to check the violent campaign of MNS against north Indians. There is match-fixing between Raj and the Maharashtra government. The state government deliberately books him under small sections and he gets bail." Shahnawaz Hussain, BJP MP<ref name="tiwari">{{Cite web|url=http://www.rediff.com/news/2008/oct/23raj7.htm|title = Congress is Raj's event management company: NDA}}</ref>

==Similar attack==
In 2003, the Shiv Sena alleged that of the 500 Maharashtrian candidates, only ten of them successful in the Railways exams.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20121022024047/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2003-11-26/mumbai/27190644_1_railway-minister-hc-issues-notice-recruitment-process HC issues notice to Nitish on rail jobs-Mumbai-Cities-The Times of India]</ref> 90 per cent of the successful candidates were alleged to be from Bihar. Activists from the Shiv Sena ransacked a railway recruitment office in protest against non-Marathi's being among the 650,000 candidates set to compete for 2,200 railway jobs in the state.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/south_asia/3227782.stm BBC NEWS | World | South Asia | Threats hit India rail job drive]</ref> Eventually, after attacks on Biharis heading towards Mumbai for exams, the central government delayed the exams.

==See also==
*[[2008 attacks on North Indians in Maharashtra]]
*[[Anti-Bihari sentiment]]
*[[Rahul Raj encounter]]

==References==
{{Reflist|2}}

==Further reading==
* {{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/India/Punish_Them/rssarticleshow/3620956.cms|title=Punish Them|work=The Times of India |accessdate=21 October 2008|date=21 October 2008}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:19 October 2008 All-India Railway Recruitment Board Examination Attack}}
[[Category:2008 in India]]
[[Category:History of Mumbai (1947–present)]]
[[Category:Violence in India]]
[[Category:Racism in India]]
[[Category:Regionalism in India]]
[[Category:2000s in Mumbai]]
[[Category:Anti-Bihari sentiment]]
[[Category:2008 crimes in India]]
[[Category:October 2008 in India]]

Coral snake

2026-02-14T21:52:55Z

Vivek.Dantkale: revised

{{Short description|Large group of elapid snakes}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2021}}
{{Paraphyletic group
| auto = yes
| image = Micrurus fulvius, Polk County, FL, USA imported from iNaturalist photo 286627672.jpg
| image_caption = Eastern coral snake (''[[Micrurus fulvius]]'')
| parent = Elapidae
}}

'''Coral snakes''' are a large group of [[elapid]] [[snakes]] that can be divided into two distinct groups, the [[Old World]] coral snakes and [[New World]] coral snakes. There are 27 [[species]] of Old World coral snakes, in three [[genera]] (''[[Calliophis]]'', ''[[Hemibungarus]]'', and ''[[Sinomicrurus]]''), and 83 recognized species of New World coral snakes, in two genera (''[[Micruroides]]'' and ''[[Micrurus]]''). Phylogenetic studies suggest that the group originated in the Old World.<ref name = "Slowinski2000">{{cite journal
| title= Phylogenetic Relationships of Elapid Snakes Based on Cytochrome b mtDNA Sequences
| author = Slowinski, J.B.
| author2 = Keogh J.S.
| author-link = Joseph Bruno Slowinski
| author2-link = species:J. Scott Keogh 
| journal = Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution
| volume = 15 | issue= 1 | pages= 157–164 |date=April 2000
| doi = 10.1006/mpev.1999.0725
| pmid= 10764543
| bibcode = 2000MolPE..15..157S
}}</ref><ref name = "Slowinski2001">{{cite journal
| title= The phylogenetic relationships of Asian coral snakes (Elapidae: ''Calliophis'' and ''Maticora'') based on morphological and molecular characters
| author = Slowinski, J.B. | author2 = Boundy, J. | author3 = Lawson, R.
| author2-link = species:Jeff Boundy
| author3-link = species:Robin Lawson
| journal = Herpetologica | volume = 57 | issue= 2 | pages= 233–245
|date=June 2001 | jstor= 3893186}}</ref> While new world species of both genera are venomous, their bites are seldom lethal; as of 2018, only two confirmed fatalities had been documented in the United States in the preceding 100 years from the genus ''Micrurus''. Meanwhile, snakes of the genus ''Micruroides'' have never caused a medically significant bite.<ref>{{cite journal | pmid=33046301 | doi=10.1016/j.ajem.2020.08.083 | title=Epidemiology of fatal snakebites in the United States 1989-2018 | journal=The American Journal of Emergency Medicine | date=July 2021 | volume=45 | pages=309–316 | last1=Greene | first1=Spencer C. | last2=Folt | first2=Jason | last3=Wyatt | first3=Kimberly | last4=Brandehoff | first4=Nicklaus P. | s2cid=222320580 }}</ref>

==North American coloration patterns==
Experts now recognize that certain coloration patterns and common mnemonics—such as the phrase “Red against yellow, deadly fellow; red against black, friendly Jack,” which people sometimes use to distinguish between the venomous coral snake and the non-venomous [[Lampropeltis triangulum|milksnake]]—are not consistent enough to be trustworthy. While any snake exhibiting the coral snake's colors and banding pattern in the southeastern United States will almost certainly be a coral snake, there are coral snakes in other parts of the world that are colored differently.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://thevenominterviews.com/2016/06/02/mythbusting-coral-snakes/|title=The Most Common Myths About Coral Snakes {{!}} The Venom Interviews|website=thevenominterviews.com|language=en-US|access-date=7 October 2018|archive-date=23 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181123070603/http://thevenominterviews.com/2016/06/02/mythbusting-coral-snakes/|url-status=live}}</ref>

Coral snakes in the United States are most notable for their red, yellow/white, and black-colored banding. However, several nonvenomous species in the U.S. have similar (though not identical) bandings, including the two scarlet snake species in the genus ''[[Cemophora]]'', and some of the [[kingsnake]]s (including the aforementioned milksnakes) in the genus ''Lampropeltis''. However, in reference to the mnemonic phrase “red touching yellow, a deadly fellow,” some of these kingsnakes do not naturally display any red touching yellow. Additionally, some ground snakes in the genus ''[[Sonora (snake)|Sonora]]'' (of the southwestern U.S.) can have a color pattern that matches that of the [[sympatric]] [[Micruroides|Sonoran coral snake]] (''Micruroides euryxanthus''). No genuine coral snake in the U.S. exhibits red bands of color in contact with bands of black, except in rare cases of an aberrant pattern. Thus, while on extremely rare occasions when a certain non-venomous snake might be mistaken for a coral snake, the mnemonic holds true. However, a red–yellow–black banded snake in the U.S. (whose red and black banding actually touch) is rarely a venomous coral snake.

Furthermore, the mnemonic is not consistently accurate for North American coral snake species found south of the U.S. Some species, like Mexico’s [[Oaxacan coral snake]] (''Micrurus ephippifer'') or [[Micrurus clarki|Clark's coral snake]] (''Micrurus clarki'', of Costa Rica & Panama), do actually fit the mnemonic; others, like the Honduran [[Roatan coral snake]] (''Micrurus ruatanus''), or the [[Micrurus mipartitus|redtail coral snake]] (''Micrurus mipartitus'') of Panama, do not. Some South American coral snakes will fit the mnemonic, while others do not. The South American [[Xenodon pulcher|tricolored hognose snake]] (''Xenodon pulcher'') has repeated bands of red-black-white-black, imitating the coral snake as a defense mechanism, with the key visual difference being their upturned snout (used for burrowing). The hognoses are, actually, mildly rear-fanged venomous; although generally not considered serious to humans, anecdotal research has suggested the South American hognoses to possess slightly more potent venom than the North American hognoses. In the Old World, none of the coral snake species usually fit the mnemonic.

Most species of coral snake are small in size. North American species average around {{convert|3|ft|cm|-1|order=flip|abbr=on}} in length, but specimens of up to {{convert|5|ft|cm|-1|order=flip|abbr=on}} or slightly larger have been reported. Some coral snakes live in the water but most of them do not. Aquatic species have flattened tails that act as fins, aiding in swimming.

==Behavior==
[[File:Coral snake1.jpg|right|thumb|Coral snake showing typically reclusive behavior of hiding under rotting wood. This one was over {{convert|30|in|cm|round=5|order=flip|abbr=on}} long, but less than {{convert|1|in|mm|order=flip|abbr=on|0}} across.]]
Coral snakes vary widely in their behavior, but most are very elusive, [[fossorial]] (burrowing) snakes which spend most of their time buried beneath the ground or in the [[leaf litter]] of a [[rainforest]] floor, coming to the surface only when it rains or during breeding season. Some species, like [[aquatic coral snake|''Micrurus surinamensis'']], are almost entirely [[aquatic animal|aquatic]] and spend most of their lives in slow-moving bodies of water that have dense vegetation.

Coral snakes feed mostly on smaller snakes, lizards, frogs, nestling birds, small rodents, etc. Tropical species of coral snakes from more mesic areas have a broader diet, feeding on elongate prey like eels and caecilians.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Greene |first=Harry |date=1973-05-01 |title=The Food Habits and Feeding Behavior of New World Coral Snakes |url=https://mavmatrix.uta.edu/biology_theses/31 |journal=Biology Theses}}</ref>

Like all elapid snakes, coral snakes possess a pair of small hollow fangs to deliver their venom. The fangs are positioned at the front of the mouth.<ref>[http://srelherp.uga.edu/snakes/micful.htm Eastern Coral Snake (''Micrurus fulvius'')] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150831031158/http://srelherp.uga.edu/snakes/micful.htm |date=31 August 2015 }}, Savannah River Ecology Library.</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.madprogrammer.com/snakes/CoralSnake/ |title=Coral Snakes: Rear fanged? Grooved fangs? Primitive? |access-date=24 June 2015 |archive-date=1 February 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160201005550/http://www.madprogrammer.com/snakes/CoralSnake/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The fangs are fixed in position rather than retractable, and rather than being directly connected to the venom duct, they have a small groove through which the venom enters the base of the fangs.<ref name=WCSU>{{Cite web |url=http://people.wcsu.edu/pinout/herpetology/mfulvius/ |title=Eastern Coral Snake |access-date=19 November 2008 |archive-date=9 January 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110109090122/http://people.wcsu.edu/pinout/herpetology/mfulvius/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=Pest/> Because the fangs are relatively small and inefficient for venom delivery, rather than biting quickly and letting go (like [[Viperidae|viper]]s), coral snakes tend to hold onto their prey and make chewing motions when biting.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Wood |first=A. |date=2013 |title=Review of Eastern coral snake (Micrurus fulvius fulvius) exposures managed by the Florida Poison Information Center Network |journal=Clinical Toxicology|volume=51 |issue=8 |pages=783–788 |doi=10.3109/15563650.2013.828841 |pmid=23962099 }}</ref><ref name=WCSU/><ref>[http://www.livescience.com/43938-coral-snakes-colors-bites-farts-facts.html Coral Snakes: Colors, Bites, Farts & Facts] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150624074810/http://www.livescience.com/43938-coral-snakes-colors-bites-farts-facts.html |date=24 June 2015 }}, Live Science.</ref> The venom takes time to reach full effect.<ref name=Pest>{{cite web | title = Coral Snakes: ''Micrurus f. fulvius'' | url = http://www.pestproducts.com/coral_snakes.htm | access-date = 24 November 2009 | archive-date = 29 September 2018 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180929140555/http://www.pestproducts.com/coral_snakes.htm | url-status = live }}</ref> It is a neurotoxin, affecting the nervous system and weakening the muscles.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Hessel |first1=Matthew M. |last2=McAninch |first2=Scott A. |title=Coral Snake Toxicity |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK519031/ |website=StatPearls |publisher=National Library of Medicine |date=13 March 2023 |access-date=21 April 2025}}</ref>

Coral snakes are not aggressive or prone to biting and account for less than one percent of the total number of snake bites each year in the United States. The life span of coral snakes in captivity is about seven years.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://animals.nationalgeographic.com/animals/reptiles/eastern-coral-snake/|work=Animals national Geographic|title=Eastern Coral Snake|date=10 September 2010|access-date=3 August 2015|archive-date=9 August 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160809050251/http://animals.nationalgeographic.com/animals/reptiles/eastern-coral-snake|url-status=dead}}</ref>

== Reproduction ==
''M. fulvius'' reproduction is internal fertilization through the use of [[Hemipenis|hemipenes]]. The breeding season occurs from spring to early summer and late summer to early fall.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Chapman |first=Shannon |title=''Micrurus fulvius'' (Eastern Coral Snake, Harlequin Coralsnake) |url=https://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Micrurus_fulvius/ |access-date=2022-04-05 |website=Animal Diversity Web |language=en}}</ref> Male combat is not typical in ''M. fulvius'' as males are smaller than females.<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last1=Marques |first1=Otavio A.V. |author1-link=species:Otavio Augusto Vuolo Marques |last2=Pizzatto |first2=Lígia |author2-link=species:Lígia Pizzatto |last3=Santos |first3=Selma M. Almeida |author3-link=species:Selma M. Almeida-Santos |date=March 2013 |title=Reproductive Strategies of New World Coral Snakes, Genus ''Micrurus'' |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1655/herpetologica-d-12-00091 |journal=Herpetologica |volume=69 |issue=1 |pages=58–66 |doi=10.1655/herpetologica-d-12-00091 |s2cid=86499469 |issn=0018-0831|url-access=subscription }}</ref> ''Micrurus fulvius'' are oviparous and typically lay eggs from May to July. During early spring females will undergo sudden vitellogenesis–oocyte and yolk formation–in preparation for breeding. Approximately 37 days post fertilization oviposition occurs and the average clutch size ranges from five to seven eggs. However, some in captivity have laid as many as thirteen eggs.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Neill |first=Wilfred T. |date=1957 |title=Some Misconceptions regarding the Eastern Coral Snake, Micrurus fulvius |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/3890083 |journal=Herpetologica |volume=13 |issue=2 |pages=111–118 |jstor=3890083 |issn=0018-0831}}</ref> The incubation period of the ''M. fulvius'' eggs normally reaches 60 days.<ref name=":0" /> Males also undergo sexual changes throughout the year, testicular recrudescence start in the fall and testicular regression occurs come spring.<ref name=":2">{{Cite journal |last1=Jackson |first1=Dale R. |last2=Franz |first2=Richard |author2-link=species:Richard Franz |date=1981 |title=Ecology of the Eastern Coral Snake (''Micrurus fulvius'') in Northern Peninsular Florida |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/3891805 |journal=Herpetologica |volume=37 |issue=4 |pages=213–228 |jstor=3891805 |issn=0018-0831}}</ref> However, males typically have mature sperm residing in the epididymis year round and are capable of storing sperm in the deferent duct over the winter till the females are receptive. A study investigating how climate influences the reproductive cycle discovered species found closer to the equator displayed more continuous cycles while those in colder regions had more seasonal cycles. With increasing temperatures as a result of climate change, continuous cycles have the possibility of becoming more prevalent.<ref name=":1" /> Offspring reach maturation depending on sex, males mature at roughly 11 to 16 months while females reach maturity later at 26 months.<ref name=":2" />

==Distribution (U.S.) ==
[[File:Coral 009.jpg|thumb|left|Eastern coral snake (''[[Micrurus fulvius]]'')]]

New World coral snakes exist in the southern range of many temperate U.S. states. Coral snakes are found in scattered localities in the southern coastal plains from North Carolina to Louisiana, including all of Florida. They can be found in pine and scrub oak sandhill habitats in parts of this range, but sometimes inhabit hardwood areas and pine flatwoods that undergo seasonal flooding.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.uga.edu/srelherp/snakes/micful.htm |title=University of Georgia, Savannah River Ecology, Snakes of Georgia and South Carolina |access-date=19 November 2008 |archive-date=12 January 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090112062813/http://www.uga.edu/srelherp/snakes/micful.htm |url-status=live }}</ref>

There is controversy about the classification of the very similar [[Texas coral snake]] as a separate species. Its habitat, in Texas, Louisiana, and Arkansas is separated from the eastern coral snake's habitat by the Mississippi River. The coral snake population is most dense in the southeastern United States.

The [[Arizona coral snake]] is classified as a separate species and genus and is found in central and southern Arizona, extreme southwestern New Mexico and southward to [[Sinaloa]] in western Mexico. It occupies arid and semiarid regions in many different habitat types, including thornscrub, desert-scrub, woodland, grassland and farmland. It is found in the plains and lower mountain slopes, at elevations ranging from sea level to {{convert|5800|ft|m|order=flip|abbr=on|sigfig=2}}; often found in rocky areas.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.desertmuseum.org/books/nhsd_coral_snake.php |title=Arizona-Sonora Desert Museum |access-date=19 November 2008 |archive-date=25 January 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090125085211/http://www.desertmuseum.org/books/nhsd_coral_snake.php |url-status=live }}</ref>

{{clear}}

==Danger to humans==
New World coral snakes possess one of the most potent [[Snake venom|venoms]] of any North American snake. However, relatively few [[Snake bite|bite]]s are recorded due to their reclusive nature and the fact they generally inhabit sparsely populated areas. Even in areas that are densely populated, bites are rare. According to the American National Institutes of Health, there are an average of 15–25 coral snake bites in the United States each year.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000031.htm |title=Snake bites: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia |publisher=Nlm.nih.gov |date=13 January 2010 |access-date=16 November 2010 |archive-date=4 December 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101204102457/http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000031.htm |url-status=live }}</ref>
When confronted by humans, coral snakes will almost always attempt to flee, and bite only if restrained. In addition, coral snakes have short [[fang]]s ([[proteroglyph]] dentition) that cannot penetrate thick clothing although bites are possible through normal thin clothing. Any skin penetration, however, is a medical emergency that requires immediate attention.

Historically, the venom of the North American ''Micrurus'' and ''Micruroides'' species was believed to contain powerful [[neurotoxins]] which could paralyze the breathing muscles, requiring mechanical or artificial respiration. It was usually reported that there was only mild pain associated with a bite and that respiratory failure could occur and onset of clinical symptoms may be delayed for as much as 10 to 18 hours.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Peterson |first=Michael E. |date=2006-11-01 |title=Snake Bite: Coral Snakes |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1096286706000661 |journal=Clinical Techniques in Small Animal Practice |series=Practical Toxicology |volume=21 |issue=4 |pages=183–186 |doi=10.1053/j.ctsap.2006.10.005 |pmid=17265902 |issn=1096-2867|url-access=subscription }}</ref> Coral snake venom contains a neurotoxic component and symptoms include pain from the bite, sialorrhea, paresthesia, ptosis, weakness, blurred vision, paralysis, fasciculation and diplopia.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Vergara |first1=I |title=Eastern Coral Snake Micrurus fulvius venom toxicity in mice is mainly determined by neurotoxic phospholipases |journal=Journal of Proteomics |date=2014|volume=105 |pages=295–306 |doi=10.1016/j.jprot.2014.02.027 |pmid=24613619 }}</ref> However recent studies on the bites of the Texas coral snake (''Micrurus tener)'' have shown that these bites rarely require antivenom, don't usually show any systemic respiratory problems and can be intensely painful.<ref>{{cite journal | title=Epidemiology, Clinical Features, and Management of Texas Coral Snake (''Micrurus tener)'' Envenomations Reported to the North American Snakebite Registry | year=2021 | pmid=32803694 | last1=Greene | first1=S. | last2=Ruha | first2=A. M. | last3=Campleman | first3=S. | last4=Brent | first4=J. | last5=Wax | first5=P. | author6=ToxIC Snakebite Study Group | journal=Journal of Medical Toxicology | volume=17 | issue=1 | pages=51–56 | doi=10.1007/s13181-020-00806-3 | pmc=7785759 }}</ref> Further studies are necessary to see if these clinical features are true of all ''Micrurus'' species. Body length in coral snakes appears to be positively associated with venom yield.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Peterson |first=Michael E. |date=2006-11-01 |title=Snake Bite: Coral Snakes |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1096286706000661 |journal=Clinical Techniques in Small Animal Practice |series=Practical Toxicology |language=en |volume=21 |issue=4 |pages=183–186 |doi=10.1053/j.ctsap.2006.10.005 |pmid=17265902 |issn=1096-2867|url-access=subscription }}</ref>

Shortages of coral snake antivenom were previously reported,<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.fda.gov/BiologicsBloodVaccines/SafetyAvailability/ucm445083.htm | title=Safety & Availability (Biologics) > Expiration Date Extension for North American Coral Snake Antivenin (''Micrurus fulvius'') (Equine Origin) Lot 4030026 Through October 31, 2014 | publisher=[[Food and Drug Administration]] | access-date=19 March 2016 | archive-date=3 March 2016 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303142551/http://www.fda.gov/biologicsbloodvaccines/safetyavailability/ucm445083.htm | url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name=OrSentinel>{{cite news | last = Breen | first = David | newspaper = Orlando Sentinel | date = 12 October 2013 | title = Risk from coral-snake bites grows as antivenin dwindles | url = https://www.orlandosentinel.com/2013/10/12/risk-from-coral-snake-bites-grows-as-antivenin-dwindles/ | access-date = 25 May 2014 | archive-date = 24 May 2014 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140524064724/http://articles.orlandosentinel.com/2013-10-12/news/os-coral-snakebite-treatment-shortage-20131008_1_coral-snake-bites-antivenin-fda | url-status = live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.popularmechanics.com/science/health/snakebites-about-to-get-more-deadly |title=Antivenom Shortages – Cost of Antivenom Production Creates Shortages |publisher=Popular Mechanics |date=10 May 2010 |access-date=16 November 2010 |archive-date=13 May 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100513022759/http://www.popularmechanics.com/science/health/snakebites-about-to-get-more-deadly |url-status=live }}</ref> but one source states that production has resumed<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Greene |first1=Spencer |editor1-last=Alcock |editor1-first=Joe |title=What is the treatment for coral snake envenomation? |journal=Medscape |date=9 April 2021 |url=https://www.medscape.com/answers/168828-39125/what-is-the-treatment-for-coral-snake-envenomation |access-date=9 July 2021 |archive-date=1 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210301201552/https://www.medscape.com/answers/168828-39125/what-is-the-treatment-for-coral-snake-envenomation |url-status=live }}</ref> and, {{As of|2021|7|lc=y|post=,}} Pfizer indicates that antivenom is available.<ref>{{cite web |title=Antivenin (''Micrurus fulvius'' equine origin) North American Coral Snake Antivenin |url=https://www.pfizerhospitalus.com/products/antivenin |website=Pfizer Hospital US |access-date=9 July 2021 |archive-date=1 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210301203210/https://www.pfizerhospitalus.com/products/antivenin |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Old World==

===Genus ''Calliophis''===
{{Main|Calliophis}}[[Species]] in this genus are:
*''[[Calliophis beddomei]]'' ([[Malcolm Arthur Smith|M.A. Smith]], 1943) – [[Richard Henry Beddome|Beddome's]] coral snake ([[India]])
*''[[Calliophis bibroni]]'' ([[Giorgio Jan|Jan]], 1858) – [[Gabriel Bibron|Bibron's]] coral snake (India)
*''[[Calliophis bilineatus]]'' {{small|([[Wilhelm Peters|W. Peters]], 1881)}}
*''[[Calliophis bivirgatus]]'' ([[Friedrich Boie|F. Boie]], 1827) – [[blue Malaysian coral snake]] ([[Indonesia]], [[Cambodia]], [[Malaysia]], [[Singapore]], [[Thailand]])
*''[[Calliophis castoe]]'' [[species:Eric Nelson Smith|E.N. Smith]], [[species:Hemant Ogale|Ogale]], [[species:Veerappan Deepak|Deepak]] & [[species:Varad B. Giri|Giri]], 2012 – Castoe's coral snake (India)
*''[[Calliophis gracilis]]'' ([[John Edward Gray|Gray]], 1835) – [[spotted coral snake]] (Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia, Singapore)
*''[[Calliophis haematoetron]]'' E.N. Smith, [[species:Kelum Manamendra-Arachchi|Manamendra-Arachchi]] & [[species:Ruchira Somaweera|Somaweera]], 2008 – [[Calliophis haematoetron|blood-bellied coral snake]] ([[Sri Lanka]])
*''[[Calliophis intestinalis]]'' ([[Josephus Nicolaus Laurenti|Laurenti]], 1768) – [[Calliophis intestinalis|banded Malaysian coral snake]] ([[Indonesia]], [[Malaysia]])
*''[[Calliophis maculiceps]]'' ([[Albert Günther|Günther]], 1858) – [[Calliophis maculiceps|speckled coral snake]] ([[Myanmar]], [[Thailand]], [[Malaysia]], [[Vietnam]], [[Cambodia]], [[Laos]])
*''[[Calliophis melanurus]]'' ([[George Shaw (biologist)|Shaw]], 1802) – [[Calliophis melanurus|Indian coral snake]] ([[India]], [[Bangladesh]], [[Sri Lanka]])
*''[[Calliophis nigrescens]]'' (Günther, 1862) – [[Calliophis nigrescens|black coral snake]] (India)
*''[[Calliophis nigrotaeniatus]]'' {{small|([[Wilhelm Peters|W. Peters]], 1863)}}
*''[[Calliophis philippinus]]'' {{small|(Günther, 1864)}}
*''[[Calliophis salitan]]'' R.M. Brown, [[species:Utpal Smart|Smart]], [[species:Alan Edward Leviton|Leviton]] & E.N. Smith, 2018 – [[Calliophis salitan|Dinagat Island Banded Coralsnake]] (Philippines)
*''[[Calliophis suluensis]]'' {{small|([[Franz Steindachner|Steindachner]], 1891)}}

''[[Nota bene]]'': A [[Binomial nomenclature|binomial authority]] in parentheses indicates that the species was originally described in a genus other than ''Calliophis''.

===Genus ''Hemibungarus''===
{{Main|Hemibungarus}}Species in this genus are:
*''[[Hemibungarus calligaster]]'' ([[Arend Friedrich August Wiegmann|Wiegmann]], 1835) – barred coral snake ([[Philippines]])
*''[[Hemibungarus gemianulis]]'' [[Wilhelm Peters|W. Peters]], 1872 – (Philippines)
*''[[Hemibungarus mcclungi]]'' {{small|[[Edward Harrison Taylor|Taylor]], 1922}}

===Genus ''Sinomicrurus''===
{{Main|Sinomicrurus}}

Species in this genus are:
*''[[Sinomicrurus annularis]]'' {{small|([[Albert Günther|Günther]], 1864)}}
*''[[Sinomicrurus boettgeri]]'' {{small|([[species:Adolf Fritze|Fritze]], 1894)}}
*''[[Sinomicrurus iwasakii]]'' {{small|([[species:Moichirō Maki|Maki]], 1935)}}
*''[[Sinomicrurus japonicus]]'' (Günther, 1868) – Japanese coral snake ([[Ryukyu Islands]])
*''[[Sinomicrurus kelloggi]]'' ([[Clifford H. Pope|Pope]], 1928) – Kellogg's coral snake ([[Vietnam]], [[Laos]], [[China]])
*''[[Sinomicrurus macclellandi]]'' ([[Johannes Theodor Reinhardt|J.T. Reinhardt]], 1844) – Macclelland's coral snake ([[India]], [[Nepal]], [[Myanmar]], [[Thailand]], [[Vietnam]], [[China]], [[Ryukyu Islands]], [[Taiwan]])
*''[[Sinomicrurus peinani]]'' {{small|[[species:Qin Liu|Liu]], [[species:Jiao-Wen Yan|Yan]], [[species:Shao-Bing Hou|Hou]], [[species:Ping Wang|Wang]], [[species:Sang Ngoc Nguyen|S.N. Nguyen]], [[species:Robert Ward Murphy|R. Murphy]], [[species:Jing Che|Che]] & [[species:Peng Guo|Guo]], 2020}}
*''[[Sinomicrurus sauteri]]'' ([[Franz Steindachner|Steindachner]], 1913) (Taiwan)
*''[[Sinomicrurus swinhoei]]'' {{small|([[John Van Denburgh|Van Denburgh]], 1912)}}

==New World==

===Genus ''[[Micruroides]]''===
*''[[Micruroides|Micruroides euryxanthus]]'' ([[Robert Kennicott|Kennicott]], 1860) – Arizona coral snake (lowland regions from [[Arizona]] to [[Sinaloa]], [[Mexico]])
**''[[Micruroides euryxanthus australis]]'' [[Richard G. Zweifel|Zweifel]] & [[Kenneth S. Norris|Norris]], 1955
**''[[Micruroides euryxanthus euryxanthus]]'' ([[Robert Kennicott|Kennicott]], 1860)
**''[[Micruroides euryxanthus neglectus]]'' [[Janis Roze|Roze]], 1967

===Genus ''[[Micrurus]]''===
''[[Nota bene]]'': In the following list, a binomial authority or a [[Trinomen|trinomial authority]] in parentheses indicates that the species or subspecies was originally described in a genus other than ''Micrurus''.

*''[[Micrurus albicinctus]]'' [[Afrânio Pompílio Gastos do Amaral|Amaral]], 1925 – White-banded Coral Snake
*''[[Micrurus alleni]]'' [[Karl Patterson Schmidt|K.P. Schmidt]], 1936 – Allen's coral snake (eastern [[Nicaragua]], [[Costa Rica]], and [[Panama]])
**''[[Micrurus alleni alleni]]'' K.P. Schmidt, 1936
**''[[Micrurus alleni richardi]]'' [[Edward Harrison Taylor|Taylor]], 1951
**''[[Micrurus alleni yatesi]]'' Taylor, 1954
*''[[Micrurus altirostris]]'' ([[Edward Drinker Cope|Cope]], 1860) ([[Brazil]], [[Uruguay]], and northeastern [[Argentina]])
*''[[Micrurus ancoralis]]'' [[Giorgio Jan|Jan]], 1872 – regal coral snake (southeastern [[Panama]], western [[Colombia]], and western [[Ecuador]])
**''[[Micrurus ancoralis ancoralis]]'' Jan 1872
**''[[Micrurus ancoralis jani]]'' K.P. Schmidt, 1936
*''[[Micrurus annellatus]]'' ([[Wilhelm Peters|W. Peters]], 1871) – annellated coral snake (southeastern [[Ecuador]], eastern [[Peru]], [[Bolivia]], and western [[Brazil]])
**''[[Micrurus annellatus annellatus]]'' (W. Peters, 1871)
**''[[Micrurus annellatus balzanii]]'' ([[George Albert Boulenger|Boulenger]], 1898)
**''[[Micrurus annellatus bolivianus]]'' [[Janis Roze|Roze]], 1967
*''[[Micrurus averyi]]'' K.P. Schmidt, 1939 – black-headed coral snake
*''[[Micrurus baliocoryphus]]'' (Cope, 1860) – Mesopotamian coral snake
*''[[Micrurus bernadi]]'' (Cope, 1887) ([[Mexico]])
*''[[Micrurus bocourti]]'' (Jan 1872) – Ecuadorian coral snake (western [[Ecuador]] to northern [[Colombia]])
*''[[Micrurus bogerti]]'' Roze, 1967 – [[Charles Mitchill Bogert|Bogert's]] coral snake ([[Oaxaca]])
*''[[Micrurus boicora]]'' [[species:Paulo Sérgio Bernarde|Bernarde]], [[species:Luiz Carlos Batista Turci|Turci]], [[species:Arthur Diesel Abegg|Abegg]] & [[species:Francisco Luís Franco|Franco]], 2018 – Boicora Coral Snake
*''[[Micrurus brasiliensis]]'' Roze, 1967 – Brazilian short-tailed coral snake
*''[[Micrurus browni]]'' K.P. Schmidt & [[Hobart Muir Smith|H.M. Smith]], 1943 – [[species:Bryce Cardigan Brown|Brown's]] coral snake ([[Quintana Roo]] to [[Honduras]])
**''[[Micrurus browni browni]]'' K.P. Schmidt & H.M. Smith, 1943
**''[[Micrurus browni importunus]]'' Roze, 1967
**''[[Micrurus browni taylori]]'' K.P. Schmidt & H.M. Smith, 1943
*''[[Micrurus camilae]]'' [[species:Juan Manuel Renjifo|Renjifo]] & [[species:Mikael Lundberg|Lundberg]], 2003 ([[Colombia]])
*''[[Micrurus catamayensis]]'' Roze, 1989 – Catamayo coral snake (Catamayo Valley of [[Ecuador]])
*''[[Micrurus clarki]]'' K.P. Schmidt, 1936 – Clark's coral snake (southeastern [[Costa Rica]] to western [[Colombia]])
*''[[Micrurus collaris]]'' ([[Hermann Schlegel|Schlegel]], 1837) – Guyana blackback coral snake (northern [[South America]])
** ''[[Micrurus collaris collaris]]'' (Schlegel, 1837)
** ''[[Micrurus collaris breviventris]]'' [[Janis Roze|Roze]] & [[species:Amanda Bernal-Carlo|Bernal-Carlo]], 1987
*''[[Micrurus corallinus]]'' ([[Blasius Merrem|Merrem]], 1820) – painted coral snake
*''[[Micrurus decoratus]]'' (Jan 1858) – Brazilian coral snake
*''[[Micrurus diana]]'' Roze, 1983 – Diana's coral snake
*''[[Micrurus diastema]]'' ([[André Marie Constant Duméril|A.M.C. Duméril]], [[Gabriel Bibron|Bibron]] & [[Auguste Duméril|A.H.A. Duméril]], 1854) – variable coral snake
**''[[Micrurus diastema aglaeope]]'' (Cope, 1859)
**''[[Micrurus diastema alienus]]'' ([[Franz Werner|F. Werner]], 1903)
**''[[Micrurus diastema affinis]]'' (Jan 1858)
**''[[Micrurus diastema apiatus]]'' (Jan 1858)
**''[[Micrurus diastema diastema]]'' (A.M.C. Duméril, Bibron & A.H.A. Duméril, 1854)
**''[[Micrurus diastema macdougalli]]'' Roze, 1967
**''[[Micrurus diastema sapperi]]'' (F. Werner, 1903)
*''[[Micrurus dissoleucus]]'' (Cope, 1860) – pygmy coral snake
**''[[Micrurus dissoleucus dissoleucus]]'' (Cope, 1860)
**''[[Micrurus dissoleucus dunni]]'' [[Thomas Barbour|Barbour]], 1923
**''[[Micrurus dissoleucus melanogenys]]'' (Cope, 1860)
**''[[Micrurus dissoleucus meridensis]]'' Roze, 1989
**''[[Micrurus dissoleucus nigrirostris]]'' K.P. Schmidt, 1955
*''[[Micrurus distans]]'' ([[Robert Kennicott|Kennicott]], 1860) – West Mexican coral snake
**''[[Micrurus distans distans]]'' (Kennicott, 1860)
**''[[Micrurus distans michoacanensis]]'' ([[Alfredo Dugès|Dugės]], 1891)
**''[[Micrurus distans oliveri]]'' Roze, 1967
**''[[Micrurus distans zweifeli]]'' Roze, 1967
*''[[Micrurus diutius]]'' [[species:William Leslie Burger|Burger]], 1955 – Trinidad Ribbon Coral Snake
*''[[Micrurus dumerilii]]'' (Jan 1858)
**''[[Micrurus dumerilii antioquiensis]]'' K.P. Schmidt, 1936
**''[[Micrurus dumerilii carinicaudus]]'' K.P. Schmidt, 1936
**''[[Micrurus dumerilii colombianus]]'' ([[species:Lawrence Edmonds Griffin|Griffin]], 1916)
**''[[Micrurus dumerilii dumerilii]]'' (Jan 1858)
**''[[Micrurus dumerilii transandinus]]'' K.P. Schmidt, 1936
**''[[Micrurus dumerilii venezuelensis]]'' Roze, 1989
*''[[Micrurus elegans]]'' (Jan 1858) – elegant coral snake
**''[[Micrurus elegans elegans]]'' (Jan 1858)
**''[[Micrurus elegans veraepacis]]'' K.P. Schmidt, 1933
*''[[Micrurus ephippifer]]'' (Cope, 1886) – [[Oaxaca]]n coral snake
**''[[Micrurus ephippifer ephippifer]]'' (Cope, 1886)
**''[[Micrurus ephippifer zapotecus]]'' Roze, 1989
*''[[Micrurus filiformis]]'' ([[Albert Günther|Günther]], 1859) – slender coral snake
**''[[Micrurus filiformis filiformis]]'' (Günther, 1859)
**''[[Micrurus filiformis subtilis]]'' Roze, 1967
*''[[Micrurus frontalis]]'' (A.M.C. Duméril, Bibron & A.H.A. Duméril, 1854) – southern coral snake ([[Brazil]] to northeastern [[Argentina]])
**''[[Micrurus frontalis frontalis]]'' (A.M.C. Duméril, Bibron & A.H.A. Duméril, 1854)
**''[[Micrurus frontalis mesopotamicus]]'' Barrio & Miranda, 1967
*''[[Micrurus fulvius]]'' ([[Carl Linnaeus|Linnaeus]], 1766) – eastern coral snake ([[United States|U.S.]] coastal plains of [[North Carolina]] to [[Louisiana]])
*''[[Micrurus hemprichii]]'' (Jan 1858) – [[Wilhelm Hemprich|Hemprich]]'s coral snake/Orange-banded coral snake
**''[[Micrurus hemprichii hemprichii]]'' (Jan 1858)
**''[[Micrurus hemprichii ortoni]]'' K.P. Schmidt, 1953
**''[[Micrurus hemprichii rondonianus]]'' Roze & [[species:Nelson Jorge da Silva Jr.|Silva]], 1990
*''[[Micrurus hippocrepis]]'' (W. Peters, 1862) – [[Maya civilization|Mayan]] coral snake
*''[[Micrurus ibiboboca]]'' (Merrem, 1820) – [[Caatinga]] coral snake
*''[[Micrurus isozonus]]'' (Cope, 1860) – [[Venezuela]] coral snake
*''[[Micrurus langsdorffi]]'' ([[Johann Georg Wagler|Wagler]], 1824) – [[Grigory Langsdorff|Langsdorff]]'s coral snake
*''[[Micrurus laticollaris]]'' (W. Peters, 1870) – Balsan coral snake
**''[[Micrurus laticollaris laticollaris]]'' (W. Peters, 1870)
**''[[Micrurus laticollaris maculirostris]]'' Roze, 1967
*''[[Micrurus latifasciatus]]'' K.P. Schmidt, 1933 – broad-ringed coral snake
*''[[Micrurus lemniscatus]]'' (Linnaeus, 1758) – [[South America]]n coral snake (most of low-lying areas of South America)
**''[[Micrurus lemniscatus carvalhoi]]'' Roze, 1967
**''[[Micrurus lemniscatus frontifasciatus]]'' (F. Werner, 1927)
**''[[Micrurus lemniscatus helleri]]'' K.P. Schmidt & [[Franklin J. W. Schmidt|F.J.W. Schmidt]], 1925
**''[[Micrurus lemniscatus lemniscatus]]'' (Linnaeus, 1758)
*''[[Micrurus limbatus]]'' [[species:Douglas F. Fraser|Fraser]], 1964 – Tuxtlan coral snake
**''[[Micrurus limbatus limbatus]]'' Fraser, 1964
**''[[Micrurus limbatus spilosomus]]'' [[species:Gonzalo Pérez-Higareda|Pérez-Higareda]] & H.M. Smith, 1990
*''[[Micrurus margaritiferus]]'' Roze, 1967 – Speckled coral snake
*''[[Micrurus medemi]]'' Roze, 1967 – Villavicencio coral snake
*''[[Micrurus meridensis]]'' (Roze, 1989) – Merida's coral snake
*''[[Micrurus mertensi]]'' K.P. Schmidt, 1936 – [[Robert Mertens|Merten's]] coral snake
*''[[Micrurus mipartitus]]'' (A.M.C. Duméril, Bibron & A.H.A. Duméril, 1854) – redtail coral snake
**''[[Micrurus mipartitus anomalus]]'' (Boulenger, 1896)
**''[[Micrurus mipartitus decussatus]]'' (A.M.C. Duméril, [[Gabriel Bibron|Bibron]], & A.H.A. Duméril, 1854)
**''[[Micrurus mipartitus mipartitus]]'' (A.M.C. Duméril, Bibron & A.H.A. Duméril, 1854)
**''[[Micrurus mipartitus semipartitus]]'' (Jan 1858)
*''[[Micrurus mosquitensis]]'' Schmidt, 1933 – Misquito coral snake
*''[[Micrurus multifasciatus]]'' (Jan 1858) – Many-banded coral snake
**''[[Micrurus multifasciatus multifasciatus]]'' (Jan 1858)
**''[[Micrurus multifasciatus hertwigi]]'' (F. Werner, 1897)
*''[[Micrurus multiscutatus]]'' [[Hialmar Rendahl|Rendahl]] & [[species:Greta Vestergren|Vestergren]], 1940 – Cauca coral snake
*''[[Micrurus narduccii]]'' ([[Giorgio Jan|Jan]], 1863) – Andean blackback coral snake
**''[[Micrurus narduccii narduccii]]'' (Jan 1863)
**''[[Micrurus narduccii melanotus]]'' ([[Wilhelm Peters|W. Peters]], 1881)
*''[[Micrurus nattereri]]'' (Schmidt, 1952) – Natterer's Coral Snake
*''[[Micrurus nebularis]]'' Roze, 1989 – Cloud forest coral snake
*''[[Micrurus nigrocinctus]]'' ([[Charles Frédéric Girard|Girard]], 1854) – [[Central America]]n coral snake ([[Yucatan]] and [[Chiapas]] to [[Colombia]] as well as western [[Caribbean]] islands)
**''[[Micrurus nigrocinctus babaspul]]'' Roze, 1967
**''[[Micrurus nigrocinctus coibensis]]'' K.P. Schmidt, 1936
**''[[Micrurus nigrocinctus divaricatus]]'' ([[Edward Hallowell (herpetologist)|Hallowell]], 1855)
**''[[Micrurus nigrocinctus nigrocinctus]]'' (Girard, 1854)
**''[[Micrurus nigrocinctus ovandoensis]]'' K.P. Schmidt & H.M. Smith, 1943
**''[[Micrurus nigrocinctus wagneri]]'' [[Robert Mertens|Mertens]], 1941
**''[[Micrurus nigrocinctus yatesi]]'' [[Emmett Reid Dunn|Dunn]], 1942
**''[[Micrurus nigrocinctus zunilensis]]'' K.P. Schmidt, 1932
*''[[Micrurus obscurus]]'' (Jan 1872) – Bolivian coral snake
*''[[Micrurus oligoanellatus]]'' (Ayerbe & Lopez, 2005) – Tambito's coral snake
*''[[Micrurus ornatissimus]]'' (Jan 1858) – Ornate Coral Snake
*''[[Micrurus pacaraimae]]'' [[species:Celso Morato de Carvalho|Morato de Carvalho]], 2002 – Pacaraima coral snake
*''[[Micrurus pachecogili]]'' [[Jonathan A. Campbell|Campbell]], 2000 – Pueblan coral snake
*''[[Micrurus paraensis]]'' [[Osvaldo Rodrigues da Cunha|da Cunha]] & [[species:Francisco Paiva Nascimento|Nascimento]], 1973 – Pará coral snake
*''[[Micrurus peruvianus]]'' K.P. Schmidt, 1936 – [[Peru]]vian coral snake
*''[[Micrurus petersi]]'' Roze, 1967 – [[James A. Peters|Peters']] coral snake
*''[[Micrurus potyguara]]'' [[species:Matheus Godoy Pires|Pires]], Silva, [[species:Darlan Tavares Feitosa|Feitosa]], [[species:Ana Lúcia da Costa Prudente|Prudente]], [[species:Gentil Alves Pereira Filho|Pereira-Filho]] & [[species:Hussam Zaher|Zaher]], 2014 – Potyguara coral snake
*''[[Micrurus proximans]]'' H.M. Smith & [[species:Peter Stanley Chrapliwy|Chrapliwy]], 1958 – [[Nayarit]] coral snake
*''[[Micrurus psyches]]'' ([[François Marie Daudin|Daudin]], 1803) – Carib coral snake
**''[[Micrurus psyches circinalis]]'' (A.M.C. Duméril, Bibron & A.H.A. Duméril, 1854)
**''[[Micrurus psyches donosoi]]'' [[species:Alphonse Richard Hoge|Hoge]], [[species:Carmen Liucia dos Santos Cordeiro|Cordeiro]] & [[species:Sylvia Alma Renata Wilma Lemos Romano-Hoge|Romano]], 1976
**''[[Micrurus psyches psyches]]'' (Daudin, 1803)
*''[[Micrurus putumayensis]]'' [[species:Abdem Ramón Lancini Villalaz|Lancini]], 1962 – Putumayo coral snake
*''[[Micrurus pyrrhocryptus]]'' (Cope, 1862) – Argentinian coral snake ([[Argentina]])
*''[[Micrurus remotus]]'' Roze, 1987 – Remote coral snake
*''[[Micrurus renjifoi]]'' [[species:William W. Lamar|Lamar]], 2003 – Renjifo’s coral snake
*''[[Micrurus ruatanus]]'' (Günther, 1895) – [[Roatán]] coral snake
*''[[Micrurus sangilensis]]'' [[species:Hermano Nicéforo María|Nicéforo-María]], 1942 – [[Santander, Colombia|Santander]] coral snake
*''[[Micrurus scutiventris]]'' (Cope, 1869)
*''[[Micrurus serranus]]'' (Harvey, Aparicio & Gonzalez, 2003)
*''[[Micrurus silviae]]'' [[species:Marcos Di Bernardo|Di-Bernardo]], [[species:Márcio Borges-Martins|Borges-Martins]] & Silva, 2007
*''[[Micrurus spixii]]'' (Wagler, 1824) – [[Amazon Basin|Amazon]] coral snake
**''[[Micrurus spixiii martiusi]]'' K.P. Schmidt, 1953
**''[[Micrurus spixii obscurus]]'' (Jan 1872)
**''[[Micrurus spixii princeps]]'' (Boulenger, 1905)
**''[[Micrurus spixii spixii]]'' (Wagler, 1824)
*''[[Micrurus spurelli]]'' (Boulenger, 1914)
*''[[Micrurus steindachneri]]'' (F. Werner, 1901) – [[Franz Steindachner|Steindachner's]] coral snake
**''[[Micrurus steindachneri orcesi]]'' Roze, 1967
**''[[Micrurus steindachneri steindachneri]]'' (F. Werner, 1901)
*''[[Micrurus stewarti]]'' Barbour & [[Afrânio Pompilío Gastos do Amaral|Amaral]], 1928 - [[Panamanian coral snake]]
*''[[Micrurus stuarti]]'' Roze, 1967 – [[species:Laurence Cooper Stuart|Stuart's]] coral snake
*''[[Micrurus surinamensis]]'' ([[Georges Cuvier|Cuvier]], 1817) - [[Aquatic coral snake]]
**''[[Micrurus surinamensis nattereri]]'' K.P. Schmidt, 1952
**''[[Micrurus surinamensis surinamensis]]'' (Cuvier, 1817)
*''[[Micrurus tener]]'' ([[Spencer Fullerton Baird|Baird]] & Girard, 1853) – [[Texas]] coral snake (Texas and [[Louisiana]] south to [[Morelos]] and [[Guanajuato]])
**''[[Micrurus tener fitzingeri]]'' (Jan 1858)
**''[[Micrurus tener maculatus]]'' Roze, 1967
**''[[Micrurus tener microgalbineus]]'' [[species:Bryce Cardigan Brown|B.C. Brown]] & H.M. Smith, 1942
**''[[Micrurus tener tamaulipensis]]'' [[species:Pablo Antonio Lavin-Murcio|Lavin-Murcio]] & [[James R. Dixon|Dixon]], 2004
**''[[Micrurus tener tener]]'' (Baird & Girard, 1853)
*''[[Micrurus tikuna]]'' Feitosa, Silva, Pires, Zaher & Prudente, 2015
*''[[Micrurus tricolor]]'' {{small|Hoge, 1956}}
*''[[Micrurus tschudii]]'' (Jan 1858) – desert coral snake
**''[[Micrurus tschudii olssoni]]'' K.P. Schmidt & F.J.W. Schmidt, 1925
**''[[Micrurus tschudii tschudii]]'' (Jan 1858)

==Mimicry==
New World coral snakes serve as models for their [[Batesian mimic]]s, [[false coral snakes]], snake species whose venom is less toxic, as well as for many nonvenomous snake species that bear superficial resemblances to them. The role of coral snakes as models for Batesian mimics is supported by research showing that coral snake color patterns deter predators from attacking snake-shaped prey,<ref>{{cite journal |author=((Brodie III, Edmund D)) |author-link=species:Edmund Darrell Brodie III |title=Differential avoidance of coral snake banded patterns by free-ranging avian predators in Costa Rica |journal=Evolution |volume=47 |pages=227–235 |year=1993 |doi=10.2307/2410131 |issue=1 |jstor=2410131 |pmid=28568087 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author=Brodie III, Edmund D. |author2=Moore, Allen J. |title=Experimental studies of coral snake mimicry: do snakes mimic millipedes? |journal=Animal Behaviour |volume=49 |pages=534–6 |year=1995 |doi=10.1006/anbe.1995.0072 |issue=2 |bibcode=1995AnBeh..49..534B |s2cid=14576682 }}</ref> and that in the absence of coral snakes, species hypothesized to mimic them are indeed attacked more frequently.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Pfennig, David W. |author2=Harcombe, William R. |author3=Pfennig, Karin S. |title=Frequency-dependent Batesian mimicry |journal=Nature |volume=410 |page=323 |year=2001 |doi=10.1038/35066628 |pmid=11268195 |issue=6826 |bibcode=2001Natur.410..323P |s2cid=205015058 |doi-access=free }}</ref> Species that appear similar to coral snakes include:
*''[[Cemophora coccinea]]''
*''[[Chionactis palarostris]]''
*''[[Erythrolamprus aesculapii]]''
*''[[Erythrolamprus bizona]]''
*''[[Erythrolamprus ocellatus]]'', Tobago false coral snake
*''Lampropeltis elapsoides'', [[scarlet kingsnake]]
*''[[Lampropeltis pyromelana]]''
*''Lampropeltis triangulum'', [[milk snake]], including the following subspecies and others:
**''[[Lampropeltis triangulum amaura]]''
**''[[Lampropeltis triangulum annulata]]''
**''[[Lampropeltis triangulum campbelli]]''
**''[[Lampropeltis triangulum gaigeae]]''
**''[[Lampropeltis triangulum gentilis]]''
**''[[Lampropeltis triangulum hondurensis]]''
**''[[Lampropeltis triangulum multistrata]]''
**''[[Lampropeltis triangulum syspila]]''
*''[[Lampropeltis zonata]]''
*''[[Lystrophis pulcher]]'', tri-color hognose snake
*''[[Oxyrhopus petola]]''
*''[[Oxyrhopus rhombifer]]'', false coral snake
*''[[Pliocercus elapoides]]'', variegated false coral snake
*''[[Rhinobothryum bovallii]]'', coral mimic snake, false tree coral
*''[[Rhinocheilus lecontei tessellatus]]''

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Further reading==
*[[George Albert Boulenger|Boulenger, G.A.]] (1896). ''Catalogue of the Snakes in the British Museum (Natural History). Volume III., Containing the Colubridæ (Opisthoglyphæ and Proteroglyphæ)….'' Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History). (Taylor and Francis, Printers.) London. xiv + 727 pp. + Plates I.- XXV. (''Elaps'', 28 species, pp. 411–433 + Plate XX.)
*[[Janis Roze|Roze, J.A.]] (1996). ''Coral Snakes of the Americas: Biology, Identification, and Venoms''. Krieger. Malabar, Florida. 340 pp. {{ISBN|978-0894648472}}.
* Tanaka, G.D.; Furtado MD, F.D.; Portaro, F.C.V.; Sant'Anna, O.A.; Tambourgi, D.V. (2010). "Diversity of ''Micrurus'' Snake Species Related to Their Venom Toxic Effects and the Prospective of Antivenom Neutralization". ''[[PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases]]'' '''4'''(3): e622. {{doi|10.1371/journal.pntd.0000622|doi-access=free}}
* Universidad de Costa Rica (2009). ''[http://icp.ucr.ac.cr/index.php?option=com_docman&task=doc_download&gid=15&Itemid=30&lang=es El envenenamiento por mordedura de serpiente en Centroamérica]'' ("Snakebite poisonings in Central America"). San José, Costa Rica: Instituto Clodomiro Picado, Facultad de Microbiología, Universidad de Costa Rica. {{in lang|es}}

[[Category:Elapidae]]
[[Category:Snake common names]]
[[Category:Snake families]]

Filmfare Award for Best Lyricist

2026-02-11T15:50:34Z

Vivek.Dantkale:

{{Short description|Annual award for Hindi films}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2018}}
{{Infobox award
| name = [[Filmfare Awards|Filmfare Award]] for Best Lyricist
| image =
| caption=
| awarded_for = Best Performance by a Lyricist
| presenter = ''[[Filmfare]]''
| country = India
| year = [[Shailendra (lyricist)|Shailendra]], "Yeh Mera Deewanapan Hain" ''[[Yahudi]]'' ([[6th Filmfare Awards|1959]])
| holder = [[Prashant Pandey (lyricist)|Prashant Pandey]] "Sajni" ''[[Laapataa Ladies]]'' ([[70th Filmfare Awards|2025]])
| website = [http://www.filmfare.com/awards/filmfare-awards-2017/ Filmfare Awards]
}}
The '''Filmfare Award for Best Lyricist''' is an award in India given by the ''[[Filmfare]]'' magazine since 1959 as a part of its annual [[Filmfare Awards]] for [[Hindi films]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://bollywoodproduct.in/filmfare-award-for-best-lyricist/ |title=Filmfare Award for Best Lyricist |access-date=2025-03-20 |website=bollywoodproduct.in}}</ref>

==Superlatives==
[[File:Gulzar ITN 2014-04-13 03-44.JPG|thumb|150px|[[Gulzar]] holds the record of maximum wins in this category.]]
[[File:Javed Aktar 2010.jpg|thumb|150px|[[Javed Akhtar]] had all nominations in 2005.]]
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center"
|- style="height:4.5em;"
! style="width:300px;"|'''[[wikt:superlative|Superlative]]'''
! colspan="2" style="width:400px;"|'''[[Lyricist]]'''
|- style="height:4em;"
|Most awards
|[[Gulzar]]
|13 (from 35 nominations) 
|- style="height:4em;"
|Most nominations
|[[Anand Bakshi]]
|41 (resulted in 4 wins)
|- style="height:4em;"
|Most nominations in a single year
|[[Javed Akhtar]] {{small|(2005)}}
|5 {{small|(all)}}
|- style="height:4em;"
|Most nominations without ever winning a single award
|[[Anjaan (lyricist)|Anjaan]]
|6
|}

* [[Gulzar]] holds the record for the most wins in this category, with 13 awards, followed by [[Javed Akhtar]] with 8, and [[Anand Bakshi]] and [[Amitabh Bhattacharya]] with 4.
* Five lyricists have won the award three times each: [[Shakeel Badayuni]], [[Shailendra (lyricist)|Shailendra]], [[Sameer Anjaan|Sameer]], [[Prasoon Joshi]], and [[Irshad Kamil]]. Shakeel Badayuni holds the record for the most consecutive wins, having received the award in three successive years (1961–1963).
* In 2005, [[Javed Akhtar]] became the only lyricist to receive all five nominations in a single year, ultimately winning for the song "Tere Liye" from ''[[Veer-Zaara]]''. This set the record for the most nominations by a lyricist in a single year, surpassing [[Anand Bakshi]], who had received four of the five nominations in 1981.
* [[Anand Bakshi]] was nominated for 13 consecutive years, from 1970 to 1982, accumulating a total of 23 nominations. Despite his consistent presence, he secured only two wins during this period. In 1981, all four of his nominations lost to [[Gulzar]], and in 1998, all three of his nominations lost to [[Javed Akhtar]].
* [[Shailendra (lyricist)|Shailendra]] was the first recipient of the award in 1959. The 1960s were dominated by [[Shakeel Badayuni]], who won three times. Verma Malik received two awards in the 1970s. [[Gulzar]] was the most awarded lyricist in the 1980s, with four wins. In the 1990s, [[Sameer Anjaan|Sameer]] and [[Javed Akhtar]] won three times each. Javed Akhtar continued his dominance in the 2000s with five wins. In the 2010s, [[Irshad Kamil]] and Gulzar both secured three awards each.
* As of 2022, only five women have been nominated for the Best Lyricist award. The first female nominee was [[Preeti Sagar]] in 1978, for the song "Mero Gaam Katha Parey" from ''[[Manthan]]''. [[Rashmi Virag|Rashmi Singh]] became the first woman to win the award, in 2015, for "Muskurane Ki Wajah" from [[CityLights (2014 film)|''CityLights'']].
* [[Kausar Munir]] became the second female lyricist to win, for the song "Lehra Do" from [[83 (film)|''83'']] in 2022. She is also the only female lyricist to receive multiple nominations, including multiple nominations in a single year. Of the total nine nominations ever received by female lyricists, five belong to Munir.
* Other female nominees include Rani Malik, nominated in 1991 for "Dheere Dheere" from ''[[Aashiqui]]'', and [[Anvita Dutt]], nominated in 2016 for "Gulaabo" from [[Shaandaar (2015 film)|''Shaandaar'']].

=== Multiple wins ===
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Wins
!Recipient
|-
|13
|[[Gulzar]]
|-
|8
|[[Javed Akhtar]]
|-
|4
|[[Anand Bakshi]], [[Amitabh Bhattacharya]]
|-
|3
|[[Shakeel Badayuni]], [[Shailendra (lyricist)|Shailendra]], [[Sameer Anjaan|Sameer]], [[Prasoon Joshi]], [[Irshad Kamil]]
|-
|2
|[[Hasrat Jaipuri]], Verma Malik, [[Gulshan Kumar Mehta]], [[Sahir Ludhianvi]], [[Santosh Anand]]
|}

=== Multiple nominations ===
{| class="wikitable"
!Wins
!Recipient
|-
|41
|[[Anand Bakshi]]
|-
|36
|[[Gulzar]]
|-
|27
|[[Javed Akhtar]]
|-
|17
|[[Sameer Anjaan|Sameer]]
|-
|14
|[[Amitabh Bhattacharya]]
|-
|9
|[[Sahir Ludhianvi]], [[Irshad Kamil]]
|-
|8
|[[Majrooh Sultanpuri]]
|-
|7
|[[Prasoon Joshi]]
|-
|6
|[[Shakeel Badayuni]], [[Shailendra (lyricist)|Shailendra]], [[Hasrat Jaipuri]], [[Anjaan (lyricist)|Anjaan]]
|-
|5
|[[Santosh Anand]], [[Indeevar]], [[Kausar Munir]]
|-
|4
|[[Hasan Kamal]], [[Mehboob Kotwal|Mehboob]], [[Swanand Kirkire]]
|-
|3
|[[Gopaldas Neeraj|Neeraj]], [[Gulshan Kumar Mehta]], [[Dev Kohli]], [[Niranjan Iyengar]], [[Vishal Dadlani]]
|-
|2
|Verma Malik, [[Saawan Kumar Tak]], [[Prakash Mehra]], [[Ravindra Jain]], Sudhakar Sharma, [[Faaiz Anwar]]
|}

== Winners and nominees ==
===1950s===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:left;"
! scope="col" style="width:3%; text-align:center;" |Year
! scope="col" style="width:3%;text-align:center;" |Photos of winners
! scope="col" style="width:15%;text-align:center;" |Lyricist
! scope="col" style="width:15%;text-align:center;" |Song
!Film
!Ref.
|-
! rowspan="3" scope="row" style="text-align:center" |1959
([[6th Filmfare Awards|6th]])
| rowspan="3" style="text-align:center" |{{border|[[File:Shailendra 2013 stamp of India.jpg|95px|centre]]|width=2px|style=solid|color=gold}}
| style="background:#FAEB86;" |[[Shailendra (lyricist)|'''Shailendra''']] '''†'''
| style="background:#FAEB86;" |'''"Yeh Mera Deewanapan Hain"'''
| style="background:#FAEB86;" |'''''[[Yahudi]]'''''
| rowspan="3" |<ref>{{Cite news |title=Filmfare Awards 1959 Winners |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/movie-awards/filmfare-awards-winners/bollywood/1959/101 |access-date=2025-04-07 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
|[[Sahir Ludhianvi]]
|"Aurat Ne Janam Diya"
|[[Sadhna (film)|''Sadhna'']]
|-
|Shailendra
|"Meri Jaan"
|''Yahudi''
|}

===1960s===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:left;"
! scope="col" style="width:3%; text-align:center;" |Year
! scope="col" style="width:3%;text-align:center;" |Photos of winners
! scope="col" style="width:15%;text-align:center;" |Lyricist
! scope="col" style="width:15%;text-align:center;" |Song
!Film
!Ref.
|-
! rowspan="3" scope="row" style="text-align:center" |1960
([[7th Filmfare Awards|7th]])
| rowspan="3" style="text-align:center" |{{border|[[File:Shailendra 2013 stamp of India.jpg|95px|centre]]|width=2px|style=solid|color=gold}}
| style="background:#FAEB86;" |[[Shailendra (lyricist)|'''Shailendra''']] '''†'''
| style="background:#FAEB86;" |'''"Sab Kuchh Seekha Hum Ne"'''
| style="background:#FAEB86;" |''[[Anari (1959 film)|'''Anari''']]''
| rowspan="3" |<ref>{{Cite news |title=Filmfare Awards 1960 Winners |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/movie-awards/filmfare-awards-winners/bollywood/1960/101 |access-date=2025-04-07 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
|[[Majrooh Sultanpuri]]
|"Jalte Hain Jiske Liye"
|''[[Sujata (1959 film)|Sujata]]''
|-
|[[Sahir Ludhianvi]]
|"Tu Hindu Banega"
|''[[Dhool Ka Phool]]''
|-
! rowspan="3" scope="row" style="text-align:center" |1961
([[8th Filmfare Awards|8th]])
| rowspan="9" style="text-align:center" |{{border|[[File:Shakeel Badayuni 2013 stamp of India.jpg|95px|centre]]|width=2px|style=solid|color=gold}}
| style="background:#FAEB86;" |'''[[Shakeel Badayuni]]''' '''†'''
| style="background:#FAEB86;" |'''"Chaudhvin Ka Chand"'''
| style="background:#FAEB86;" |''[[Chaudhvin Ka Chand|'''Chaudhvin Ka Chand''']]''
| rowspan="3" |<ref>{{Cite news |title=Filmfare Awards 1961 Winners |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/movie-awards/filmfare-awards-winners/bollywood/1961/101 |access-date=2025-04-07 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
|[[Shailendra (lyricist)|Shailendra]]
|"Dil Apna Aur Preet Parai"
|''[[Dil Apna Aur Preet Parai]]''
|-
|Shakeel Badayuni
|"[[Pyar Kiya To Darna Kiya]]"
|''[[Mughal-e-Azam]]''
|-
! rowspan="3" scope="row" style="text-align:center" |1962
([[9th Filmfare Awards|9th]])
| style="background:#FAEB86;" |'''[[Shakeel Badayuni]]''' '''†'''
| style="background:#FAEB86;" |'''"Husn Wale Tera"'''
| style="background:#FAEB86;" |''[[Gharana (1961 film)|'''Gharana''']]''
| rowspan="3" |<ref>{{Cite news |title=Filmfare Awards 1962 Winners |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/movie-awards/filmfare-awards-winners/bollywood/1962/101 |access-date=2025-04-07 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
|[[Hasrat Jaipuri]]
|"Teri Pyari Pyari Surat"
|''[[Sasural (1961 film)|Sasural]]''
|-
|[[Shailendra (lyricist)|Shailendra]]
|"Hothon Pe Sacchai"
|''[[Jis Desh Mein Ganga Behti Hai]]''
|-
! rowspan="3" scope="row" style="text-align:center" |1963
([[10th Filmfare Awards|10th]])
| style="background:#FAEB86;" |'''[[Shakeel Badayuni]]''' '''†'''
| style="background:#FAEB86;" |'''"[[Kahin Deep Jale]]"'''
| style="background:#FAEB86;" |'''''[[Bees Saal Baad (1962 film)|Bees Saal Baad]]'''''
| rowspan="3" |<ref>{{Cite news |title=Filmfare Awards 1963 Winners |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/movie-awards/filmfare-awards-winners/bollywood/1963/101 |access-date=2025-04-07 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
|[[Hasrat Jaipuri]]
|"Ae Gulbadan"
|''[[Professor (1962 film)|Professor]]''
|-
|[[Raja Mehdi Ali Khan]]
|"Aapki Nazrone"
|''[[Anpadh]]''
|-
! rowspan="3" scope="row" style="text-align:center" |1964
([[11th Filmfare Awards|11th]])
| rowspan="3" style="text-align:center" |{{border|[[File:Sahir Ludhianvi Stamp.jpg|95px|centre]]|width=2px|style=solid|color=gold}}
| style="background:#FAEB86;" |'''[[Sahir Ludhianvi]] †'''
| style="background:#FAEB86;" |'''"Jo Waada Kiya"'''
| style="background:#FAEB86;" |'''''[[Taj Mahal (1963 film)|Taj Mahal]]'''''
| rowspan="3" |<ref>{{Cite news |title=Filmfare Awards 1964 Winners |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/movie-awards/filmfare-awards-winners/bollywood/1964/101 |access-date=2025-04-07 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
|Sahir Ludhianvi
|"Chalo Ek Bar Phir Se"
|''[[Gumrah (1963 film)|Gumrah]]''
|-
|[[Shakeel Badayuni]]
|"Mere Mehboob Tujhe Meri"
|''[[Mere Mehboob]]''
|-
! rowspan="3" scope="row" style="text-align:center" |1965
([[12th Filmfare Awards|12th]])
| rowspan="3" |{{border|[[File:Majrooh Sultanpuri 2013 stamp of India.jpg|95px|centre]]|width=2px|style=solid|color=gold}}
| style="background:#FAEB86;" |'''[[Majrooh Sultanpuri]] †'''
| style="background:#FAEB86;" |'''"[[Chahunga Main Tujhe]]"'''
| style="background:#FAEB86;" |'''''[[Dosti (1964 film)|Dosti]]'''''
| rowspan="3" |<ref>{{Cite news |title=Filmfare Awards 1965 Winners |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/movie-awards/filmfare-awards-winners/bollywood/1965/101 |access-date=2025-04-07 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
|[[Bharat Vyas]]
|"Jyot Se Jyot Jagate Chalo"
|''[[Sant Gyaneshwar]]''
|-
|[[Shailendra (lyricist)|Shailendra]]
|"Dost Dost Na Raha"
|''[[Sangam (1964 Hindi film)|Sangam]]''
|-
! rowspan="3" scope="row" style="text-align:center" |1966
([[13th Filmfare Awards|13th]])
| rowspan="3" style="text-align:center" |{{border||width=2px|style=solid|color=gold}}
| style="background:#FAEB86;" |'''[[Rajendra Krishan]]''' '''†'''
| style="background:#FAEB86;" |'''"Tumhi Mere Mandir"'''
| style="background:#FAEB86;" |'''''[[Khandan (1965 film)|Khandan]]'''''
| rowspan="3" |<ref>{{Cite news |title=Filmfare Awards 1966 Winners |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/movie-awards/filmfare-awards-winners/bollywood/1966/101 |access-date=2025-04-07 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
|[[Hasrat Jaipuri]]
|"Aji Rooth Kar Ab Kahan"
|''[[Arzoo (1965 film)|Arzoo]]''
|-
|[[Indeevar]]
|"Ek Tu Na Mila"
|''[[Himalay Ki God Mein]]''
|-
! rowspan="3" scope="row" style="text-align:center" |1967
([[14th Filmfare Awards|14th]])
| rowspan="3" style="text-align:center" |{{border||width=2px|style=solid|color=gold}}
| style="background:#FAEB86;" |'''[[Hasrat Jaipuri]] †'''
| style="background:#FAEB86;" |'''"[[Baharon Phool Barsao (song)|Baharon Phool Barsao]]"'''
| style="background:#FAEB86;" |'''''[[Suraj (film)|Suraj]]'''''
| rowspan="3" |<ref>{{Cite news |title=Filmfare Awards 1967 Winners |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/movie-awards/filmfare-awards-winners/bollywood/1967/101 |access-date=2025-04-07 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
|[[Shailendra (lyricist)|Shailendra]]
|"Sajan Re Jhoot"
|''[[Teesri Kasam]]''
|-
|[[Shakeel Badayuni]]
|"Naseeb Me Jiske"
|''[[Do Badan]]''
|-
! rowspan="3" scope="row" style="text-align:center" |1968
([[15th Filmfare Awards|15th]])
| rowspan="3" |{{border||width=2px|style=solid|color=gold}}
| style="background:#FAEB86;" |[[Gulshan Kumar Mehta|'''Gulshan Kumar Mehta''']] '''†'''
| style="background:#FAEB86;" |'''"[[Mere Desh Ki Dharti|Mere Desh Ki Dharti]]"'''
| style="background:#FAEB86;" |'''''[[Upkar]]'''''
| rowspan="3" |<ref>{{Cite news |title=Filmfare Awards 1968 Winners |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/movie-awards/filmfare-awards-winners/bollywood/1968/101 |access-date=2025-04-07 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
|[[Anand Bakshi]]
|"Sawan Ka Mahina"
|''[[Milan (1967 film)|Milan]]''
|-
|[[Sahir Ludhianvi]]
|"Neele Gagan Ke Tale"
|''[[Hamraaz]]''
|-
! rowspan="3" |1969
([[16th Filmfare Awards|16th]])
| rowspan="3" |{{border|[[File:Shailendra 2013 stamp of India.jpg|95px|centre]]|width=2px|style=solid|color=gold}}
|style="background:#FAEB86;" |'''[[Shailendra (lyricist)|Shailendra]] †'''
|style="background:#FAEB86;" |'''"Main Gaoon Tum"'''
|style="background:#FAEB86;" |'''''[[Brahmachari (1968 Hindi film)|Brahmachari]]'''''
| rowspan="3" |<ref>{{Cite news |title=Filmfare Awards 1969 Winners |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/movie-awards/filmfare-awards-winners/bollywood/1969/101 |access-date=2025-04-07 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
|[[Hasrat Jaipuri]]
|"Dil Ke Jharoke Mein"
|''Brahmachari''
|-
|[[Sahir Ludhianvi]]
|"Milti Hai Zindagi Mein"
|''[[Ankhen (1968 film)|Ankhen]]''
|}

===1970s===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:left;"
! scope="col" style="width:3%; text-align:center;" |Year
! scope="col" style="width:3%;text-align:center;" |Photos of winners
! scope="col" style="width:15%;text-align:center;" |Lyricist
! scope="col" style="width:15%;text-align:center;" |Song
!Film
!Ref.
|-
! rowspan="3" scope="row" style="text-align:center" |1970
([[17th Filmfare Awards|17th]])
| rowspan="3" style="text-align:center" |{{border|[[File:Poet Gopaldas Neeraj.jpg|120px|centre]]|width=2px|style=solid|color=gold}}
| style="background:#FAEB86;" |'''[[Gopaldas Neeraj|Neeraj]]''' '''†'''
| style="background:#FAEB86;" |'''"Kaal Ka Pahiya"'''
| style="background:#FAEB86;" |'''''[[Chanda Aur Bijli]]'''''
| rowspan="3" |<ref>{{Cite news |title=Filmfare Awards 1970 Winners |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/movie-awards/filmfare-awards-winners/bollywood/1970/101 |access-date=2025-04-07 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[Anand Bakshi]]
|"Kora Kagaz Tha"
|''[[Aradhana (1969 film)|Aradhana]]''
|-
|"Badi Mastani Hai"
|''[[Jeene Ki Raah]]''
|-
! rowspan="3" scope="row" style="text-align:center" |1971
([[18th Filmfare Awards|18th]])
| rowspan="3" style="text-align:center" |–
| style="background:#FAEB86;" |'''[[Verma Malik]]''' '''†'''
| style="background:#FAEB86;" |'''"Sabse Bada Nadaan"'''
| style="background:#FAEB86;" |'''''[[Pehchan (1970 film)|Pehchan]]'''''
| rowspan="3" |<ref>{{Cite news |title=Filmfare Awards 1971 Winners |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/movie-awards/filmfare-awards-winners/bollywood/1971/101 |access-date=2025-04-07 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
|[[Anand Bakshi]]
|"Bindiya Chamkegi"
|''[[Do Raaste]]''
|-
|[[Gopaldas Neeraj|Neeraj]]
|"Bas Yehi Apradh"
|''Pehchan''
|-
! rowspan="3" scope="row" style="text-align:center" |1972
([[19th Filmfare Awards|19th]])
| rowspan="3" |{{border||width=2px|style=solid|color=gold}}
| style="background:#FAEB86;" |'''[[Hasrat Jaipuri]] †'''
| style="background:#FAEB86;" |'''"[[Zindagi Ek Safar Hai Suhana]]"'''
| style="background:#FAEB86;" |'''''[[Andaz (1971 film)|Andaz]]'''''
| rowspan="3" |<ref>{{Cite news |title=Filmfare Awards 1972 Winners |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/movie-awards/filmfare-awards-winners/bollywood/1972/101 |access-date=2025-04-07 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
|[[Anand Bakshi]]
|"Na Koi Umang Hai"
|''[[Kati Patang]]''
|-
|[[Gopaldas Neeraj|Neeraj]]
|"Ae Bhai Zara Dekh Ke Chalo"
|''[[Mera Naam Joker]]''
|-
! rowspan="3" scope="row" style="text-align:center" |1973
([[20th Filmfare Awards|20th]])
| rowspan="3" style="text-align:center" |–
| style="background:#FAEB86;" |'''[[Verma Malik]]''' '''†'''
| style="background:#FAEB86;" |'''"Jai Bolo Be-Imaan Ki"'''
| style="background:#FAEB86;" |'''''[[Be-Imaan]]'''''
| rowspan="3" |<ref>{{Cite news |title=Filmfare Awards 1973 Winners |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/movie-awards/filmfare-awards-winners/bollywood/1973/101 |access-date=2025-04-07 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
|[[Anand Bakshi]]
|"Chingari Koi Bhadke"
|''[[Amar Prem]]''
|-
|[[Santosh Anand]]
|"Ek Pyaar Ka Nagma Hain"
|''[[Shor (film)|Shor]]''
|-
! rowspan="5" scope="row" style="text-align:center" |1974
([[21st Filmfare Awards|21st]])
| rowspan="5" style="text-align:center" |{{border||width=2px|style=solid|color=gold}}
| style="background:#FAEB86;" |'''[[Gulshan Kumar Mehta]] †'''
| style="background:#FAEB86;" |'''"Yaari Hai Imaan Mera"'''
| style="background:#FAEB86;" |'''''[[Zanjeer (1973 film)|Zanjeer]]'''''
| rowspan="5" |<ref>{{Cite news |title=Filmfare Awards 1974 Winners |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/movie-awards/filmfare-awards-winners/bollywood/1974/101 |access-date=2025-04-07 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[Anand Bakshi]]
|"[[Hum Tum Ek Kamre Mein Band Ho]]"
| rowspan="2" |''[[Bobby (1973 film)|Bobby]]''
|-
|"Main Shayar To Nahin"
|-
|[[Indeevar]]
|"Samjhauta Ghamose Kar Lo"
|''[[Samjhauta (film)|Samjhauta]]''
|-
|[[Vitthalbhai Patel]]
|"Jhooth Bole Kauwa Kaate"
|''Bobby''
|-
! rowspan="5" scope="row" style="text-align:center" |1975
([[22nd Filmfare Awards|22nd]])
| rowspan="5" style="text-align:center" |–
| style="background:#FAEB86;" |'''[[Santosh Anand]] †'''
| style="background:#FAEB86;" |'''"Main Na Bhooloonga"'''
| style="background:#FAEB86;" |'''''[[Roti Kapada Aur Makaan]]'''''
| rowspan="5" |<ref>{{Cite news |title=Filmfare Awards 1975 Winners |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/movie-awards/filmfare-awards-winners/bollywood/1975/101 |access-date=2025-04-07 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
|[[Anand Bakshi]]
|"Gaadi Bula Rahi Hai"
|''[[Dost (1974 film)|Dost]]''
|-
|[[Indeevar]]
|"Behnane Bhai Ki Kalai"
|''[[Resham Ki Dori]]''
|-
|[[M. G. Hashmat]]
|"Mera Jeevan Kora Kagaz"
|''[[Kora Kagaz]]''
|-
|Santosh Anand
|"Aur Nahi Bus Aur Nahin"
|''Roti Kapda Aur Makaan''
|-
! rowspan="5" scope="row" style="text-align:center" |1976
([[23rd Filmfare Awards|23rd]])
| rowspan="5" style="text-align:center" |{{border||width=2px|style=solid|color=gold}}
| style="background:#FAEB86;" |'''[[Indeevar]]''' '''†'''
| style="background:#FAEB86;" |'''"Dil Aisa Kisi"'''
| style="background:#FAEB86;" |'''''[[Amanush (1975 film)|Amanush]]'''''
| rowspan="5" |<ref>{{Cite news |title=Filmfare Awards 1976 Winners |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/movie-awards/filmfare-awards-winners/bollywood/1976/101 |access-date=2025-04-07 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[Anand Bakshi]]
|"Aayegi Zaroor Chiththi"
|''[[Dulhan (1975 film)|Dulhan]]''
|-
|"Mehbooba O Mehbooba"
|''[[Sholay]]''
|-
|[[Gulzar]]
|"Tere Bina Zindagi Se"
|''[[Aandhi]]''
|-
|Vishweshwar Sharma
|"Chal Sanyasi Mandir Mein"
|''[[Sanyasi (1975 film)|Sanyasi]]''
|-
! rowspan="5" scope="row" style="text-align:center" |1977
([[24th Filmfare Awards|24th]])
| rowspan="5" style="text-align:center" |{{border|[[File:Sahir Ludhianvi Stamp.jpg|95px|centre]]|width=2px|style=solid|color=gold}}
| style="background:#FAEB86;" |'''[[Sahir Ludhianvi]] †'''
| style="background:#FAEB86;" |'''"[[Kabhi Kabhie Mere Dil Mein]]"'''
| style="background:#FAEB86;" |'''''[[Kabhie Kabhie (1976 film)|Kabhi Kabhie]]'''''
| rowspan="5" |<ref>{{Cite news |title=Filmfare Awards 1977 Winners |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/movie-awards/filmfare-awards-winners/bollywood/1977/101 |access-date=2025-04-07 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
|[[Anand Bakshi]]
|"Mere Naina Sawan Bhadon"
|''[[Mehbooba (1976 film)|Mehbooba]]''
|-
|[[Gulzar]]
|"Dil Dhoondta Hai"
|''[[Mausam (1975 film)|Mausam]]''
|-
|[[Majrooh Sultanpuri]]
|"Ek Din Bik Jaayega"
|''[[Dharam Karam]]''
|-
|Sahir Ludhianvi
|"Main Pal Do Pal Ka Shayar"
|''Kabhi Kabhie''
|-
! rowspan="5" scope="row" style="text-align:center" |1978
([[25th Filmfare Awards|25th]])
| rowspan="5" |{{border|[[File:Gulzar 2008 - still 38227.jpg|95px|centre]]|width=2px|style=solid|color=gold}}
| style="background:#FAEB86;" |'''[[Gulzar]]''' '''†'''
| style="background:#FAEB86;" |'''"[[Do Deewaane Sheher Mein]]"'''
| style="background:#FAEB86;" |'''''[[Gharaonda]]'''''
| rowspan="5" |<ref>{{Cite news |title=Filmfare Awards 1978 Winners |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/movie-awards/filmfare-awards-winners/bollywood/1978/101 |access-date=2025-04-07 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
|[[Anand Bakshi]]
|"[[Parda Hai Parda (song)|Parda Hai Parda]]"
|''[[Amar Akbar Anthony]]''
|-
|Gulzar
|"Naam Gum Jaayega"
|''[[Kinara (1977 film)|Kinara]]''
|-
|[[Majrooh Sultanpuri]]
|"Kya Hua Tera Waada"
|''[[Hum Kisise Kum Naheen]]''
|-
|[[Preeti Sagar]]
|"Mera Gaon Kadhapane"
|''[[Manthan]]''
|-
! rowspan="5" |1979
([[26th Filmfare Awards|26th]])
| rowspan="5" |{{border|[[File:Anand Bakshi.tif|95px|centre]]|width=2px|style=solid|color=gold}}
|style="background:#FAEB86;" |'''[[Anand Bakshi]] †'''
|style="background:#FAEB86;" |'''"Aadmi Musafir Hai"'''
|style="background:#FAEB86;" |'''''[[Apnapan]]'''''
| rowspan="5" |<ref>{{Cite news |title=Filmfare Awards 1979 Winners |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/movie-awards/filmfare-awards-winners/bollywood/1979/101 |access-date=2025-04-07 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
|Anand Bakshi
|"Main Tulsi Tere Aangan Ki"
|''[[Main Tulsi Tere Aangan Ki]]''
|-
|[[Anjaan (lyricist)|Anjaan]]
|"Khaike Paan Banaraswala"
|''[[Don (1978 film)|Don]]''
|-
|[[Pandit Narendra Sharma]]
|"Satyam Shivam Sundaram"
|''[[Satyam Shivam Sundaram]]''
|-
|[[Ravindra Jain]]
|"Ankhiyon Ke Jharokhon Se"
|''[[Ankhiyon Ke Jharokhon Se]]''
|}

===1980s===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:left;"
! scope="col" style="width:3%; text-align:center;" |Year
! scope="col" style="width:3%;text-align:center;" |Photos of winners
! scope="col" style="width:15%;text-align:center;" |Lyricist
! scope="col" style="width:15%;text-align:center;" |Song
!Film
!Ref.
|-
! rowspan="5" scope="row" style="text-align:center" |1980
([[27th Filmfare Awards|27th]])
| rowspan="10" style="text-align:center" |{{border|[[File:Gulzar 2008 - still 38227.jpg|95px|centre]]|width=2px|style=solid|color=gold}}
| style="background:#FAEB86;" |'''[[Gulzar]]''' '''†'''
| style="background:#FAEB86;" |'''"[[Aanewala Pal]]"'''
| style="background:#FAEB86;" |'''''[[Gol Maal]]'''''
| rowspan="5" |<ref>{{Cite news |title=Filmfare Awards 1980 Winners |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/movie-awards/filmfare-awards-winners/bollywood/1980/101 |access-date=2025-04-07 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[Anand Bakshi]]
|"Saawan Ke Jhoole Pade"
|''[[Jurmana (1979 film)|Jurmana]]''
|-
|"Dafliwale"
|''[[Sargam (1979 film)|Sargam]]''
|-
|[[Jan Nisar Akhtar]]
|"Aaja Re Mere Dilbar Aaja"
|''[[Noorie]]''
|-
|[[Sahir Ludhianvi]]
|"Dil Ke Tukde Tukde Kar Ke"
|''[[Dada (1979 film)|Dada]]''
|-
! rowspan="5" scope="row" style="text-align:center" |1981
([[28th Filmfare Awards|28th]])
| style="background:#FAEB86;" |'''[[Gulzar]]''' '''†'''
| style="background:#FAEB86;" |'''"Hazaar Raahen Mud Ke Dekhi"'''
| style="background:#FAEB86;" |''[[Thodisi Bewafaii|'''Thodisi Bewafaii''']]''
| rowspan="5" |<ref>{{Cite news |title=Filmfare Awards 1981 Winners |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/movie-awards/filmfare-awards-winners/bollywood/1981/101 |access-date=2025-04-07 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="4" |[[Anand Bakshi]]
|"Dard-e-Dil"
| rowspan="2" |''[[Karz (film)|Karz]]''
|-
|"Om Shanti Om"
|-
|"Salaamat Rahe Dostana Hamara"
|''[[Dostana (1980 film)|Dostana]]''
|-
|"Shisha Ho Ya Dil Ho"
|''[[Aasha (1980 film)|Aasha]]''
|-
! rowspan="5" scope="row" style="text-align:center" |1982
([[29th Filmfare Awards|29th]])
| rowspan="5" |{{border|[[File:Anand Bakshi.tif|95px|centre]]|width=2px|style=solid|color=gold}}
| style="background:#FAEB86;" |'''[[Anand Bakshi]]''' '''†'''
| style="background:#FAEB86;" |'''"[[Tere Mere Beech Mein]]"'''
| style="background:#FAEB86;" |''[[Ek Duuje Ke Liye|'''Ek Duuje Ke Liye''']]''
| rowspan="5" |<ref>{{Cite news |title=Filmfare Awards 1982 Winners |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/movie-awards/filmfare-awards-winners/bollywood/1982/101 |access-date=2025-04-07 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" |Anand Bakshi
|"Solah Baras Ki Bali Umar"
|''Ek Duuje Ke Liye''
|-
|"Yaad Aa Rahi Hai"
|''[[Love Story (1981 film)|Love Story]]''
|-
|[[Gulzar]]
|"Jahaan Pe Savera"
|''[[Baseraa]]''
|-
|[[Santosh Anand]]
|"Zindagi Ki Naa Toote"
|''[[Kranti]]''
|-
! rowspan="5" scope="row" style="text-align:center" |1983
([[30th Filmfare Awards|30th]])
| rowspan="5" style="text-align:center" |–
| style="background:#FAEB86;" |'''[[Santosh Anand]]''' '''†'''
| style="background:#FAEB86;" |'''"Mohabbat Hai Kya Cheez"'''
| style="background:#FAEB86;" |'''''[[Prem Rog]]'''''
| rowspan="5" |<ref>{{Cite news |title=Filmfare Awards 1983 Winners |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/movie-awards/filmfare-awards-winners/bollywood/1983/101 |access-date=2025-04-07 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
|[[Amir Qazalbash]]
|"Meri Kismat"
|''Prem Rog''
|-
|[[Anjaan (lyricist)|Anjaan]] & [[Prakash Mehra]]
|"Pag Ghungroo Baandh"
|''[[Namak Halaal]]''
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[Hasan Kamal]]
|"Dil Ke Armaan"
| rowspan="2" |''[[Nikaah]]''
|-
|Hasan Kamal – "Dil Ki Yeh Arzoo Thi" from ''Nikaah''
|-
! rowspan="5" scope="row" style="text-align:center" |1984
([[31st Filmfare Awards|31st]])
| rowspan="5" style="text-align:center" |{{border|[[File:Gulzar 2008 - still 38227.jpg|95px|centre]]|width=2px|style=solid|color=gold}}
| style="background:#FAEB86;" |'''[[Gulzar]]''' '''†'''
| style="background:#FAEB86;" |'''"[[Tujhse Naaraz Nahi Zindagi|Tujhse Naraaz Nahi Zindagi]]"'''
| style="background:#FAEB86;" |'''''[[Masoom (1983 film)|Masoom]]'''''
| rowspan="5" |<ref>{{Cite news |title=Filmfare Awards 1984 Winners |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/movie-awards/filmfare-awards-winners/bollywood/1984/101 |access-date=2025-04-07 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
|[[Anand Bakshi]]
|"Jab Hum Jawaan Honge"
|''[[Betaab (1983 film)|Betaab]]''
|-
|[[Gulshan Kumar Mehta]]
|"Hume Aur Jeene Ki"
|''[[Agar Tum Na Hote]]''
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[Saawan Kumar Tak]]
|"Shayad Meri Shaadi Ka Khayal"
| rowspan="2" |''[[Souten]]''
|-
|"Zindagi Pyaar Ka Geet Hai"
|-
! rowspan="5" scope="row" style="text-align:center" |1985
([[32nd Filmfare Awards|32nd]])
| rowspan="5" style="text-align:center" |–
| style="background:#FAEB86;" |'''[[Hasan Kamal]]''' '''†'''
| style="background:#FAEB86;" |'''"Aaj Ki Awaaz"'''
| style="background:#FAEB86;" |''[[Aaj Ki Awaaz|'''Aaj Ki Awaaz''']]''
| rowspan="5" |<ref>{{Cite news |title=Filmfare Awards 1985 Winners |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/movie-awards/filmfare-awards-winners/bollywood/1985/101 |access-date=2025-04-07 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
|[[Anand Bakshi]]
|"Sohni Chenab Di"
|''[[Sohni Mahiwal (1984 film)|Sohni Mahiwal]]''
|-
|[[Anjaan (lyricist)|Anjaan]]
|"Manzilein Apni Jagah Hain"
| rowspan="2" |''[[Sharaabi]]''
|-
|Anjaan and [[Prakash Mehra]]
|"Intehaa Ho Gayi"
|-
|[[Indeevar]]
|"Pyaar Ka Tohfa Tera"
|''[[Tohfa]]''
|-
! rowspan="6" scope="row" style="text-align:center" |1986
([[33rd Filmfare Awards|33rd]])
| rowspan="6" style="text-align:center" |–
| style="background:#FAEB86;" |'''[[Vasant Dev]]''' '''†'''
| style="background:#FAEB86;" |'''"Mann Kyon Behka"'''
| style="background:#FAEB86;" |'''''[[Utsav]]'''''
| rowspan="6" |<ref>{{Cite news |title=Filmfare Awards 1986 Winners |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/movie-awards/filmfare-awards-winners/bollywood/1986/101 |access-date=2025-04-07 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
|[[Anand Bakshi]]
|"Zindagi Har Kadam"
|''[[Meri Jung]]''
|-
|[[Anjaan (lyricist)|Anjaan]]
|"Yaar Bina Chain Kahaan Re"
|''[[Saaheb]]''
|-
|[[Hasan Kamal]]
|"Bahut Der Se"
|''[[Tawaif (film)|Tawaif]]''
|-
|[[Hasrat Jaipuri]]
|"Sun Sahiba Sun"
|''[[Ram Teri Ganga Maili]]''
|-
|[[Javed Akhtar]]
|"Saagar Kinare"
|''[[Saagar (1985 film)|Saagar]]''
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:center" |1987
| colspan="5" style="text-align:center" |'''''NO CEREMONY HELD'''''
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:center" |1988
| colspan="5" style="text-align:center" |'''''NO CEREMONY HELD'''''
|-
! rowspan="3" |1989
([[34th Filmfare Awards|34th]])
| rowspan="3" |{{border|[[File:Gulzar 2008 - still 38227.jpg|95px|centre]]|width=2px|style=solid|color=gold}}
|style="background:#FAEB86;" |'''[[Gulzar]]''' '''†'''
|style="background:#FAEB86;" |'''"[[Mera Kuchh Saamaan|Mera Kuchh Saamaan]]"'''
|style="background:#FAEB86;" |'''''[[Ijaazat]]'''''
| rowspan="3" |<ref>{{Cite news |title=Filmfare Awards 1989 Winners |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/movie-awards/filmfare-awards-winners/bollywood/1989/101 |access-date=2025-04-07 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
|[[Javed Akhtar]]
|"[[Ek Do Teen (song)|Ek Do Teen]]"
|''[[Tezaab]]''
|-
|[[Majrooh Sultanpuri]]
|"Papa Kehte Hain"
|''[[Qayamat Se Qayamat Tak]]''
|}

===1990s===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:left;"
! scope="col" style="width:3%; text-align:center;" |Year
! scope="col" style="width:3%;text-align:center;" |Photos of winners
! scope="col" style="width:15%;text-align:center;" |Lyricist
! scope="col" style="width:15%;text-align:center;" |Song
!Film
!Ref.
|-
! rowspan="3" scope="row" style="text-align:center" |1990
([[35th Filmfare Awards|35th]])
| rowspan="3" style="text-align:center" |–
| style="background:#FAEB86;" |'''[[Asad Bhopali]]''' '''†'''
| style="background:#FAEB86;" |'''"Dil Deewana"'''
| style="background:#FAEB86;" |'''''[[Maine Pyar Kiya]]'''''
| rowspan="3" |<ref>{{Cite news |title=Filmfare Awards 1990 Winners |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/movie-awards/filmfare-awards-winners/bollywood/1990/101 |access-date=2025-04-07 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
|[[Anand Bakshi]]
|"Lagi Aaj Sawan"
|''[[Chandni (1989 film)|Chandni]]''
|-
|[[Dev Kohli]]
|"Aate Jaate Hanste Gaate"
|''Maine Pyar Kiya''
|-
! rowspan="3" scope="row" style="text-align:center" |1991
([[36th Filmfare Awards|36th]])
| rowspan="3" style="text-align:center" |{{border|[[File:Lyricist Sameer (2).jpg|95px|centre]]|width=2px|style=solid|color=gold}}
| style="background:#FAEB86;" |[[Sameer (lyricist)|'''Sameer''']] '''†'''
| style="background:#FAEB86;" |'''"Nazar Ke Saamne"'''
| style="background:#FAEB86;" |'''''[[Aashiqui]]'''''
| rowspan="3" |<ref>{{Cite news |title=Filmfare Awards 1991 Winners |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/movie-awards/filmfare-awards-winners/bollywood/1991/101 |access-date=2025-04-07 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
|Rani Malik
|"[[Dheere Dheere|Dheere Dheere Se]]"
|''Aashiqui''
|-
|Sameer
|"Naa Jaane Kahan Dil Kho Gaya"
|''[[Dil (1990 film)|Dil]]''
|-
! rowspan="5" scope="row" style="text-align:center" |1992
([[37th Filmfare Awards|37th]])
| rowspan="5" |{{border|[[File:Gulzar 2008 - still 38227.jpg|95px|centre]]|width=2px|style=solid|color=gold}}
| style="background:#FAEB86;" |'''[[Gulzar]]''' '''†'''
| style="background:#FAEB86;" |'''"[[Yaara Seeli Seeli]]"'''
| style="background:#FAEB86;" |'''''[[Lekin...]]'''''
| rowspan="5" |<ref>{{Cite news |title=Filmfare Awards 1992 Winners |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/movie-awards/filmfare-awards-winners/bollywood/1992/101 |access-date=2025-04-07 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
|[[Anand Bakshi]]
|"Kabhi Main Kahoon"
|''[[Lamhe]]''
|-
|[[Faaiz Anwar]]
|"Dil Hai Ke Manta Nahin"
|''[[Dil Hai Ke Manta Nahin]]''
|-
|[[Ravindra Jain]]
|"Main Hoon Khushrang Henna"
|''[[Henna (film)|Henna]]''
|-
|[[Sameer Anjaan|Sameer]]
|"Mera Dil Bhi"
|''[[Saajan]]''
|-
! rowspan="3" scope="row" style="text-align:center" |1993
([[38th Filmfare Awards|38th]])
| rowspan="8" |{{border|[[File:Lyricist Sameer (2).jpg|95px|centre]]|width=2px|style=solid|color=gold}}
| style="background:#FAEB86;" |'''[[Sameer Anjaan|Sameer]]''' '''†'''
| style="background:#FAEB86;" |'''"Teri Umeed Tera Intezar Karte Hai"'''
| style="background:#FAEB86;" |'''''[[Deewana (1992 film)|Deewana]]'''''
| rowspan="3" |<ref>{{Cite news |title=Filmfare Awards 1993 Winners |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/movie-awards/filmfare-awards-winners/bollywood/1993/101 |access-date=2025-04-07 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
|[[Majrooh Sultanpuri]]
|"Woh Sikander Hi Doston"
|''[[Jo Jeeta Wohi Sikandar]]''
|-
|Sameer
|"Aisi Deewangi"
|''Deewana''
|-
! rowspan="5" scope="row" style="text-align:center" |1994
([[39th Filmfare Awards|39th]])
| style="background:#FAEB86;" |[[Sameer Anjaan|'''Sameer''']] '''†'''
| style="background:#FAEB86;" |'''"Ghunghat Ki Aad Se"'''
| style="background:#FAEB86;" |''[[Hum Hain Rahi Pyar Ke|'''Hum Hain Rahi Pyar Ke''']]''
| rowspan="5" |<ref>{{Cite news |title=Filmfare Awards 1994 Winners |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/movie-awards/filmfare-awards-winners/bollywood/1994/101 |access-date=2025-04-07 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[Anand Bakshi]]
|"Choli Ke Peeche Kya Hai"
|''[[Khalnayak]]''
|-
|"Jaadu Teri Nazar"
|''[[Darr]]''
|-
|Dev Kohli
|"Yeh Kaali Kaali Aankhen"
|''[[Baazigar]]''
|-
|[[Gulzar]]
|"Dil Hum Hum"
|''[[Rudaali]]''
|-
! rowspan="4" scope="row" style="text-align:center" |1995
([[40th Filmfare Awards|40th]])
| rowspan="4" style="text-align:center" |{{border|[[File:Javed Akhtar in 2012.jpg|95px|centre]]|width=2px|style=solid|color=gold}}
| style="background:#FAEB86;" |'''[[Javed Akhtar]]''' '''†'''
| style="background:#FAEB86;" |'''"Ek Ladki Ko Dekha"'''
| style="background:#FAEB86;" |'''''[[1942: A Love Story]]'''''
| rowspan="4" |<ref>{{Cite news |title=Filmfare Awards 1995 Winners |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/movie-awards/filmfare-awards-winners/bollywood/1995/101 |access-date=2025-04-07 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
|[[Anand Bakshi]]
|"Tu Cheez Badi Mast Mast"
|''[[Mohra]]''
|-
|Dev Kohli
|"Hum Aapke Hain Koun"
|''[[Hum Aapke Hain Koun..!]]''
|-
|[[Sameer Anjaan|Sameer]]
|"Ole Ole"
|''[[Yeh Dillagi]]''
|-
! rowspan="5" scope="row" style="text-align:center" |1996
([[41st Filmfare Awards|41st]])
| rowspan="5" style="text-align:center" |{{border|[[File:Anand Bakshi.tif|95px|centre]]|width=2px|style=solid|color=gold}}
| style="background:#FAEB86;" |'''[[Anand Bakshi]]''' '''†'''
| style="background:#FAEB86;" |'''"Tujhe Dekha To"'''
| style="background:#FAEB86;" |'''''[[Dilwale Dulhania Le Jayenge]]'''''
| rowspan="5" |<ref>{{Cite news |title=Filmfare Awards 1997 Winners |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/movie-awards/filmfare-awards-winners/bollywood/1997/101 |access-date=2025-04-07 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
|Anand Bakshi
|"Ho Gaya Hai Tujhko To Pyar Sajna"
|''Dilwale Dulhania Le Jayenge''
|-
|[[Majrooh Sultanpuri]]
|"Raja Ko Rani Se Pyar Ho Gaya"
|''[[Akele Hum Akele Tum]]''
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[Mehboob (lyricist)|Mehboob]]
|"Kya Kare"
| rowspan="2" |''[[Rangeela (1995 film)|Rangeela]]''
|-
|"Tanha Tanha"
|-
! rowspan="5" scope="row" style="text-align:center" |1997
([[42nd Filmfare Awards|42nd]])
| rowspan="10" |{{border|[[File:Javed Akhtar in 2012.jpg|95px|centre]]|width=2px|style=solid|color=gold}}
| style="background:#FAEB86;" |[[Javed Akhtar|'''Javed Akhtar''']] '''†'''
| style="background:#FAEB86;" |'''"Ghar Se Nikalte Hi"'''
| style="background:#FAEB86;" |'''''[[Papa Kehte Hai]]'''''
| rowspan="5" |<ref>{{Cite news |title=Filmfare Awards 1998 Winners |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/movie-awards/filmfare-awards-winners/bollywood/1998/101 |access-date=2025-04-07 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
|[[Gulzar]]
|"Chappa Chappa Charkha Chale"
|''[[Maachis]]''
|-
|[[Majrooh Sultanpuri]]
|"Aaj Main Upar"
|''[[Khamoshi: The Musical]]''
|-
|[[Nida Fazli]]
|"Jeevan Kya Hai"
|''[[Is Raat Ki Subah Nahin]]''
|-
|[[Sameer Anjaan|Sameer]]
|"Pardesi Pardesi"
|''[[Raja Hindustani]]''
|-
! rowspan="5" |1998
([[43rd Filmfare Awards|43rd]])
|style="background:#FAEB86;" |'''[[Javed Akhtar]]''' '''†'''
|style="background:#FAEB86;" |'''"[[Sandese Aate Hai|Sandese Aate Hai]]"'''
|style="background:#FAEB86;" |''[[Border (1997 film)|'''Border''']]''
| rowspan="5" |<ref>{{Cite news |title=Filmfare Awards 1998 Winners |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/movie-awards/filmfare-awards-winners/bollywood/1998/101 |access-date=2025-04-07 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="3" |[[Anand Bakshi]]
|"Bholi Si Surat"
|''[[Dil To Pagal Hai]]''
|-
|"I Love My India"
| rowspan="2" |''[[Pardes (1997 film)|Pardes]]''
|-
|"Zara Tasveer Se Tu"
|-
|Javed Akhtar
|"Chand Taare"
|''[[Yes Boss (film)|Yes Boss]]''
|-
! rowspan="5" |1999
([[44th Filmfare Awards|44th]])
| rowspan="5" |{{border|[[File:Gulzar 2008 - still 38227.jpg|95px|centre]]|width=2px|style=solid|color=gold}}
|style="background:#FAEB86;" |'''[[Gulzar]]''' '''†'''
|style="background:#FAEB86;" |'''"[[Chaiyya Chaiyya]]"'''
|style="background:#FAEB86;" |'''''[[Dil Se..]]'''''
| rowspan="5" |<ref>{{Cite news |title=Filmfare Awards 1999 Winners |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/movie-awards/filmfare-awards-winners/bollywood/1999/101 |access-date=2025-04-07 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
|Gulzar
|"Ae Ajnabi"
|''Dil Se..''
|-
|[[Javed Akhtar]]
|"Mere Mehboob Mere Sanam"
|''[[Duplicate (1998 film)|Duplicate]]''
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[Sameer Anjaan|Sameer]]
|"Kuch Kuch Hota Hai"
| rowspan="2" |''[[Kuch Kuch Hota Hai]]''
|-
|"Ladki Badi Anjaani Hai"
|}

===2000s===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:left;"
! scope="col" style="width:3%; text-align:center;" |Year
! scope="col" style="width:3%;text-align:center;" |Photos of winners
! scope="col" style="width:15%;text-align:center;" |Lyricist
! scope="col" style="width:15%;text-align:center;" |Song
!Film
!Ref.
|-
! rowspan="5" scope="row" style="text-align:center" |2000
([[45th Filmfare Awards|45th]])
| rowspan="5" style="text-align:center" |{{border|[[File:Anand Bakshi.tif|95px|centre]]|width=2px|style=solid|color=gold}}
| style="background:#FAEB86;" |'''[[A. R. Rahman|Anand Bakshi]]''' '''†'''
| style="background:#FAEB86;" |'''"Ishq Bina"'''
| style="background:#FAEB86;" |[[Taal (film)|'''''Taal''''']]
| rowspan="5" |<ref>{{Cite news |title=Filmfare Awards 2000 Winners |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/movie-awards/filmfare-awards-winners/bollywood/2000/101 |access-date=2025-04-07 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
|Anand Bakshi
|"Taal Se Taal Mila"
|''Taal''
|-
|Israr Ansari
|"Zindagi Maut Na Ban Jaaye"
|''[[Sarfarosh (1999 film)|Sarfarosh]]''
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[Mehboob Kotwal|Mehboob]]
|"Aankhon Ki Gustakhiyan"
| rowspan="2" |''[[Hum Dil De Chuke Sanam]]''
|-
|"Tadap Tadap Ke"
|-
! rowspan="5" scope="row" style="text-align:center" |2001
([[46th Filmfare Awards|46th]])
| rowspan="10" style="text-align:center" |{{border|[[File:Javed Akhtar in 2012.jpg|95px|centre]]|width=2px|style=solid|color=gold}}
| style="background:#FAEB86;" |'''[[Javed Akhtar]]''' '''†'''
| style="background:#FAEB86;" |'''"Panchchi Nadiyaan"'''
| style="background:#FAEB86;" |'''''[[Refugee (2000 film)|Refugee]]'''''
| rowspan="5" |<ref>{{Cite news |title=Filmfare Awards 2001 Winners |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/movie-awards/filmfare-awards-winners/bollywood/2001/101 |access-date=2025-04-07 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
|[[Anand Bakshi]]
|"Humko Humise Churaalo"
|''[[Mohabbatein]]''
|-
|[[Gulzar]]
|"Aaja Mahiya"
|''[[Fiza]]''
|-
|[[Ibrahim Ashk]]
|"Naa Tum Jaano Naa Hum"
|''[[Kaho Naa... Pyaar Hai]]''
|-
|[[Sameer Anjaan|Sameer]]
|"Tum Dil Ki Dhadkan Mein"
|''[[Dhadkan (2000 film)|Dhadkan]]''
|-
! rowspan="5" scope="row" style="text-align:center" |2002
([[47th Filmfare Awards|47th]])
| style="background:#FAEB86;" |'''[[Javed Akhtar]]''' '''†'''
| style="background:#FAEB86;" |'''"Mitwa"'''
| style="background:#FAEB86;" |'''''[[Lagaan]]'''''
| rowspan="5" |<ref>{{Cite news |title=Filmfare Awards 2002 Winners |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/movie-awards/filmfare-awards-winners/bollywood/2002/101 |access-date=2025-04-07 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
|[[Anand Bakshi]]
|"Udja Kale Kawan"
|''[[Gadar: Ek Prem Katha]]''
|-
|Anil Pandey
|"Suraj Hua Maddham"
|''[[Kabhi Khushi Kabhie Gham]]''
|-
|Javed Akhtar
|"Radha Kaise Naa Jale"
|''Lagaan''
|-
|[[Sameer Anjaan|Sameer]]
|"Kabhi Khushi Kabhie Gham"
|''Kabhi Khushi Kabhie Gham''
|-
! rowspan="5" scope="row" style="text-align:center" |2003
([[48th Filmfare Awards|48th]])
| rowspan="5" |{{border|[[File:Gulzar 2008 - still 38227.jpg|95px|centre]]|width=2px|style=solid|color=gold}}
| style="background:#FAEB86;" |'''[[Gulzar]]''' '''†'''
| style="background:#FAEB86;" |'''"Saathiya"'''
| style="background:#FAEB86;" |'''''[[Saathiya (film)|Saathiya]]'''''
| rowspan="5" |<ref>{{Cite news |title=Filmfare Awards 2003 Winners |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/movie-awards/filmfare-awards-winners/bollywood/2003/101 |access-date=2025-04-07 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
|[[Nusrat Badr]]
|"[[Dola Re Dola|Dola Re]]"
|''[[Devdas (2002 Hindi film)|Devdas]]''
|-
|[[Sameer Anjaan|Sameer]]
|"Aapke Pyaar Mein"
|''[[Raaz (2002 film)|Raaz]]''
|-
| rowspan="2" |Sudhakar Sharma
|"Sanam Mere Humraaz"
| rowspan="2" |''[[Humraaz]]''
|-
|"Tumne Zindagi Mein Aake"
|-
! rowspan="5" scope="row" style="text-align:center" |2004
([[49th Filmfare Awards|49th]])
| rowspan="10" style="text-align:center" |{{border|[[File:Javed Akhtar in 2012.jpg|95px|centre]]|width=2px|style=solid|color=gold}}
| style="background:#FAEB86;" |'''[[Javed Akhtar]]''' '''†'''
| style="background:#FAEB86;" |'''"[[Kal Ho Naa Ho (song)|Kal Ho Naa Ho]]"'''
| style="background:#FAEB86;" |'''''[[Kal Ho Naa Ho]]'''''
| rowspan="5" |<ref>{{Cite news |title=Filmfare Awards 2004 Winners |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/movie-awards/filmfare-awards-winners/bollywood/2004/101 |access-date=2025-04-07 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" |Javed Akhtar
|"Tauba Tumhare Yeh Ishaare"
|''[[Chalte Chalte (2003 film)|Chalte Chalte]]''
|-
|"Ek Saathi Aur Bhi Tha"
|''[[LOC Kargil]]''
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[Sameer Anjaan|Sameer]]
|"Kisi Se Tum Pyaar Karo"
|''[[Andaaz]]''
|-
|"Tere Naam"
|''[[Tere Naam]]''
|-
! rowspan="5" scope="row" style="text-align:center" |2005
([[50th Filmfare Awards|50th]])
| style="background:#FAEB86;" |'''[[Javed Akhtar]]''' '''†'''
| style="background:#FAEB86;" |'''"Tere Liye"'''
| style="background:#FAEB86;" |'''''[[Veer-Zaara]]'''''
| rowspan="5" |<ref>{{Cite news |title=Filmfare Awards 2005 Winners |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/movie-awards/filmfare-awards-winners/bollywood/2005/101 |access-date=2025-04-07 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="4" |Javed Akhtar
|"Aisa Des Hai Mera"
|''Veer-Zaara''
|-
|"Main Hoon Na"
|''[[Main Hoon Na]]''
|-
|"Main Yahaan Hoon"
|''Veer-Zaara''
|-
|"Yeh Taara Woh Taara"
|''[[Swades]]''
|-
! rowspan="5" scope="row" style="text-align:center" |2006
([[51st Filmfare Awards|51st]])
| rowspan="5" style="text-align:center" |{{border|[[File:Gulzar 2008 - still 38227.jpg|95px|centre]]|width=2px|style=solid|color=gold}}
| style="background:#FAEB86;" |'''[[Gulzar]]''' '''†'''
| style="background:#FAEB86;" |'''"[[Kajra Re]]"'''
| style="background:#FAEB86;" |'''''[[Bunty Aur Babli]]'''''
| rowspan="5" |<ref>{{Cite news |title=Filmfare Awards 2006 Winners |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/movie-awards/filmfare-awards-winners/bollywood/2006/101 |access-date=2025-04-07 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" |Gulzar
|"Chup Chup Ke"
|''Bunty Aur Babli''
|-
|"Dheere Jalna"
|''[[Paheli (2005 film)|Paheli]]''
|-
|[[Sameer Anjaan|Sameer]]
|"Aashiq Banaya Aapne"
|''[[Aashiq Banaya Aapne]]''
|-
|[[Swanand Kirkire]]
|"Piyu Bole"
|''[[Parineeta (2005 film)|Parineeta]]''
|-
! rowspan="5" scope="row" style="text-align:center" |2007
([[52nd Filmfare Awards|52nd]])
| rowspan="10" style="text-align:center" |{{border|[[File:Prasoon Joshi (Cropped).png|95px|centre]]|width=2px|style=solid|color=gold}}
| style="background:#FAEB86;" |'''[[Prasoon Joshi]]''' '''†'''
| style="background:#FAEB86;" |'''"[[Fanaa (2006 film)#Music|Chand Sifarish]]"'''
| style="background:#FAEB86;" |'''''[[Fanaa (2006 film)|Fanaa]]'''''
| rowspan="5" |<ref>{{Cite news |title=Filmfare Awards 2007 Winners |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/movie-awards/filmfare-awards-winners/bollywood/2007/101 |access-date=2025-04-07 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
|[[Gulzar]]
|"Beedi"
|''[[Omkara (2006 film)|Omkara]]''
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[Javed Akhtar]]
|"Kabhi Alvida Naa Kehna"
| rowspan="2" |''[[Kabhi Alvida Naa Kehna]]''
|-
|"[[Mitwa]]"
|-
|Prasoon Joshi
|"Roobaroo"
|''[[Rang De Basanti]]''
|-
! rowspan="5" scope="row" style="text-align:center" |2008
([[53rd Filmfare Awards|53rd]])
| style="background:#FAEB86;" |'''[[A. R. Rahman|Prasoon Joshi]]''' '''†'''
| style="background:#FAEB86;" |'''"Maa"'''
| style="background:#FAEB86;" |''[[Taare Zameen Par|'''Taare Zameen Par''']]''
| rowspan="5" |<ref>{{Cite news |title=Filmfare Awards 2008 Winners |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/movie-awards/filmfare-awards-winners/bollywood/2008/101 |access-date=2025-04-07 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
|[[Gulzar]]
|"[[Tere Bina (song)|Tere Bina]]"
|''[[Guru (2007 film)|Guru]]''
|-
|[[Javed Akhtar]]
|"Main Agar Kahoon"
|''[[Om Shanti Om]]''
|-
|[[Sameer Anjaan|Sameer]]
|"Jab Se Tere Naina"
|''[[Saawariya]]''
|-
|[[Vishal Dadlani]]
|"Aankhon Mein Teri"
|''Om Shanti Om''
|-
! rowspan="6" |2009
([[54th Filmfare Awards|54th]])
| rowspan="6" |{{border|[[File:Javed Akhtar in 2012.jpg|95px|centre]]|width=2px|style=solid|color=gold}}
|style="background:#FAEB86;" |'''[[Javed Akhtar|Javed Akhtar]] †'''
|style="background:#FAEB86;" |'''"Jashn-E-Bahaara"'''
|style="background:#FAEB86;" |'''''[[Jodhaa Akbar|Jodhaa Akbar]]'''''
| rowspan="6" |<ref>{{Cite news |title=Filmfare Awards 2009 Winners |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/movie-awards/filmfare-awards-winners/bollywood/2009/101 |access-date=2025-04-07 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
|[[Abbas Tyrewala]]
|"Kabhi Kabhi Aditi"
|''[[Jaane Tu... Ya Jaane Na]]''
|-
|[[Gulzar]]
|"Tu Meri Dost Hai"
|''[[Yuvvraaj]]''
|-
|[[Jaideep Sahni]]
|"Haule Haule"
|''[[Rab Ne Bana Di Jodi]]''
|-
|Javed Akhtar
|"Socha Hai"
|''[[Rock On!!]]''
|-
|[[Prasoon Joshi]]
|"Guzaarish"
|''[[Ghajini (2008 film)|Ghajini]]''
|}

===2010s===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:left;"
! scope="col" style="width:3%; text-align:center;" |Year
! scope="col" style="width:3%;text-align:center;" |Photos of winners
! scope="col" style="width:15%;text-align:center;" |Lyricist
! scope="col" style="width:15%;text-align:center;" |Song
!Film
!Ref.
|-
! rowspan="6" |2010
([[55th Filmfare Awards|55th]])
| rowspan="6" |{{border|[[File:irshadkamildpf.png|95px|centre]]|width=2px|style=solid|color=gold}}
|'''[[Irshad Kamil|Irshad Kamil]] †'''
|'''"Aaj Din Chadheya"'''
|'''''[[Love Aaj Kal (2009 film)|Love Aaj Kal]]'''''
| rowspan="6" |<ref>{{Cite news |title=Filmfare Awards 2010 Winners |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/movie-awards/filmfare-awards-winners/bollywood/2010/101 |access-date=2025-04-07 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[Gulzar]]
|"Dhan Te Nan"
| rowspan="2" |''[[Kaminey]]''
|-
|"Kaminey"
|-
|[[Javed Akhtar]]
|"Iktara"
|''[[Wake Up Sid]]''
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[Prasoon Joshi]]
|"[[Masakali]]"
| rowspan="2" |''[[Delhi-6]]''
|-
|"Rehna Tu"
|-
! rowspan="5" |2011
([[56th Filmfare Awards|56th]])
| rowspan="5" |{{border|[[File:Gulzar 2008 - still 38227.jpg|95px|centre]]|width=2px|style=solid|color=gold}}
|style="background:#FAEB86;" |'''[[Gulzar]] †'''
|style="background:#FAEB86;" |'''"Dil Toh Bachcha Hai Ji"'''
|style="background:#FAEB86;" |'''''[[Ishqiya]]'''''
| rowspan="5" |<ref>{{Cite news |title=Filmfare Awards 2011 Winners |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/movie-awards/filmfare-awards-winners/bollywood/2011/101 |access-date=2025-04-07 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
|[[Faaiz Anwar]]
|"[[Tere Mast Mast Do Nain]]"
|''[[Dabangg]]''
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[Niranjan Iyengar]]
|"Sajda"
| rowspan="2" |''[[My Name Is Khan]]''
|-
|"Noor-e-Khuda"
|-
|[[Vishal Dadlani]]
|"Bin Tere"
|''[[I Hate Luv Storys]]''
|-
! rowspan="5" scope="row" style="text-align:center" |2012
([[57th Filmfare Awards|57th]])
| rowspan="5" style="text-align:center" |{{border|[[File:irshadkamildpf.png|95px|centre]]|width=2px|style=solid|color=gold}}
| style="background:#FAEB86;" |'''[[Irshad Kamil]]''' '''†'''
| style="background:#FAEB86;" |'''"[[Nadaan Parindey]]"'''
| style="background:#FAEB86;" |'''''[[Rockstar (2011 film)|Rockstar]]'''''
| rowspan="5" |<ref>{{Cite news |title=Filmfare Awards 2012 Winners |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/movie-awards/filmfare-awards-winners/bollywood/2012/101 |access-date=2025-04-07 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
|[[Gulzar]]
|"Darling"
|''[[7 Khoon Maaf]]''
|-
|Irshad Kamil
|"[[Sadda Haq (song)|Sadda Haq]]"
|''Rockstar''
|-
|[[Javed Akhtar]]
|"[[Señorita (Zindagi Na Milegi Dobara song)|Señorita]]"
|''[[Zindagi Na Milegi Dobara]]''
|-
|[[Vishal Dadlani]] and [[Niranjan Iyengar]]
|"[[Chammak Challo]]"
|''[[Ra.One]]''
|-
! rowspan="5" |2013
([[58th Filmfare Awards|58th]])
| rowspan="5" |{{border|[[File:Gulzar 2008 - still 38227.jpg|95px|centre]]|width=2px|style=solid|color=gold}}
|style="background:#FAEB86;" |'''[[Gulzar]] †'''
|style="background:#FAEB86;" |'''"Challa"'''
|style="background:#FAEB86;" |'''''[[Jab Tak Hai Jaan]]'''''
| rowspan="5" |<ref>{{Cite news |title=Filmfare Awards 2013 Winners |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/movie-awards/filmfare-awards-winners/bollywood/2013/101 |access-date=2025-04-07 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
|[[Amitabh Bhattacharya]]
|"[[Abhi Mujh Mein Kahin]]"
|''[[Agneepath (2012 film)|Agneepath]]''
|-
|Gulzar
|"Saans"
|''Jab Tak Hai Jaan''
|-
|[[Javed Akhtar]]
|"Jee Le Zaara"
|''[[Talaash: The Answer Lies Within]]''
|-
|[[Swanand Kirkire]]
|"Aashiyan"
|''[[Barfi!]]''
|-
! rowspan="5" scope="row" style="text-align:center" |2014
([[59th Filmfare Awards|59th]])
| rowspan="5" |{{border|[[File:Prasoon Joshi (Cropped).png|95px|centre]]|width=2px|style=solid|color=gold}}
| style="background:#FAEB86;" |'''[[Prasoon Joshi]]''' '''†'''
| style="background:#FAEB86;" |'''"[[Zinda (song)|Zinda]]"'''
| style="background:#FAEB86;" |'''''[[Bhaag Milkha Bhaag]]'''''
| rowspan="5" |<ref>{{Cite news |title=Filmfare Awards 2014 Winners |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/movie-awards/filmfare-awards-winners/bollywood/2014/101 |access-date=2025-04-07 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[Amitabh Bhattacharya]]
|"Shikayatein"
|''[[Lootera]]''
|-
|"[[Kabira (song)|Kabira]]"
|''[[Yeh Jawaani Hai Deewani]]''
|-
|[[Mithoon]]
|"[[Tum Hi Ho]]"
|''[[Aashiqui 2]]''
|-
|[[Swanand Kirkire]]
|"Manja"
|''[[Kai Po Che!]]''
|-
! rowspan="5" |2015
([[60th Filmfare Awards|60th]])
| rowspan="5" style="text-align:center" |–
|style="background:#FAEB86;" |'''[[Rashmi Virag|Rashmi Singh]] †'''
|style="background:#FAEB86;" |'''"[[Muskurane]]"'''
|style="background:#FAEB86;" |'''''[[CityLights (2014 film)|CityLights]]'''''
| rowspan="5" |<ref>{{Cite news |title=Filmfare Awards 2015 Winners |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/movie-awards/filmfare-awards-winners/bollywood/2015/101 |access-date=2025-04-07 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
|[[Amitabh Bhattacharya]]
|"Zehnaseeb"
|''[[Hasee Toh Phasee]]''
|-
|[[Gulzar]]
|"[[Haider (soundtrack)|Bismil]]"
|''[[Haider (film)|Haider]]''
|-
|[[Irshad Kamil]]
|"[[Highway (soundtrack)|Pathaka Guddi]]"
|''[[Highway (2014 Hindi film)|Highway]]''
|-
|[[Kausar Munir]]
|"[[Suno Na Sangemarmar]]"
|''[[Youngistaan]]''
|-
! rowspan="6" scope="row" style="text-align:center" |2016
([[61st Filmfare Awards|61st]])
| rowspan="6" |{{border|[[File:irshadkamildpf.png|95px|centre]]|width=2px|style=solid|color=gold}}
| style="background:#FAEB86;" |'''[[Irshad Kamil]]''' '''†'''
| style="background:#FAEB86;" |'''"[[Tamasha (soundtrack)|Agar Tum Saath Ho]]"'''
| style="background:#FAEB86;" |'''''[[Tamasha (2015 film)|Tamasha]]'' '''
| rowspan="6" |<ref>{{Cite news |title=Filmfare Awards 2016 Winners |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/movie-awards/filmfare-awards-winners/bollywood/2016/101 |access-date=2025-04-07 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
|[[Amitabh Bhattacharya]]
|"[[Gerua]]"
|''[[Dilwale (2015 film)|Dilwale]]''
|-
|[[Anvita Dutt|Anvita Dutt Guptan]]
|"Gulaabo"
|''[[Shaandaar (2015 film)|Shaandaar]]''
|-
|[[Gulzar]]
|"Zinda"
|''[[Talvar (film)|Talvar]]''
|-
|[[Kumaar]]
|"[[Sooraj Dooba Hain]]"
|''[[Roy (2015 film)|Roy]]''
|-
|[[Varun Grover (writer)|Varun Grover]]
|"Moh Moh Ke Dhaage"
|''[[Dum Laga Ke Haisha]]''
|-
! rowspan="6" scope="row" style="text-align:center" |2017
([[62nd Filmfare Awards|62nd]])
| rowspan="12" |{{border|[[File:Amitabh Bhattacharya.jpg|95px|centre]]|width=2px|style=solid|color=gold}}
| style="background:#FAEB86;" |'''[[Amitabh Bhattacharya]]''' '''†'''
| style="background:#FAEB86;" |'''"[[Channa Mereya]]"'''
| style="background:#FAEB86;" |'''''[[Ae Dil Hai Mushkil]]'' '''
| rowspan="6" |<ref>{{Cite news |title=Filmfare Awards 2017 Winners |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/movie-awards/filmfare-awards-winners/bollywood/2017/101 |access-date=2025-04-07 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
|[[Irshad Kamil]]
|"[[Jag Ghoomeya]]"
|''[[Sultan (2016 film)|Sultan]]''
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[Gulzar]]
|"Aave Re Hitchki"
| rowspan="2" |''[[Mirzya (film)|Mirzya]]''
|-
|"Mirzya"
|-
|[[Kausar Munir]]
|"Love You Zindagi"
|''[[Dear Zindagi]]''
|-
|[[Shiv Kumar Batalvi]]
|"Ikk Kudi"
|''[[Udta Punjab]]''
|-
! rowspan="6" scope="row" style="text-align:center" |2018
([[63rd Filmfare Awards|63rd]])
| style="background:#FAEB86;" |[[Amitabh Bhattacharya|'''Amitabh Bhattacharya''']] '''†'''
| style="background:#FAEB86;" |'''"Ullu Ka Pattha"'''
| style="background:#FAEB86;" |'''''[[Jagga Jasoos]]'''''
| rowspan="6" |<ref>{{Cite news |title=Filmfare Awards 2018 Winners |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/movie-awards/filmfare-awards-winners/bollywood/2018/101 |access-date=2025-04-07 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
|Amitabh Bhattacharya
|"Galti Se Mistake"
|''Jagga Jasoos''
|-
|[[Arko Pravo Mukherjee]]
|"Nazm Nazm"
|''[[Bareilly Ki Barfi]]''
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[Kausar Munir]]
|"Maana Ke Hum Yaar Nahin"
|''[[Meri Pyaari Bindu]]''
|-
|"Nachdi Phira"
|''[[Secret Superstar]]''
|-
|Santanu Ghatak
|"Rafu"
|''[[Tumhari Sulu]]''
|-
! rowspan="6" scope="row" style="text-align:center" |2019
([[64th Filmfare Awards|64th]])
| rowspan="6" |{{border|[[File:Gulzar 2008 - still 38227.jpg|95px|centre]]|width=2px|style=solid|color=gold}}
| style="background:#FAEB86;" |'''[[Gulzar]]''' '''†'''
| style="background:#FAEB86;" |'''"[[Ae Watan]]"'''
| style="background:#FAEB86;" |'''''[[Raazi]]'''''
| rowspan="6" |<ref>{{Cite news |title=Filmfare Awards 2019 Winners |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/movie-awards/filmfare-awards-winners/bollywood/2019/101 |access-date=2025-04-07 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
|[[A. M. Turaz]]
|"Binte Dil"
|''[[Padmaavat]]''
|-
|Gulzar
|"Dilbaro"
|''Raazi''
|-
|[[Irshad Kamil]]
|"Mera Naam Tu"
|''[[Zero (2018 film)|Zero]]''
|-
|[[Kumaar]]
|"Tera Yaar Hoon Main"
|''[[Sonu Ke Titu Ki Sweety]]''
|-
|Shekhar Astitva
|"Kar Har Maidaan Fateh"
|''[[Sanju]]''
|}

=== 2020s ===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:left;"
! scope="col" style="width:3%; text-align:center;" |Year
! scope="col" style="width:3%;text-align:center;" |Photos of winners
! scope="col" style="width:15%;text-align:center;" |Lyricist
! scope="col" style="width:15%;text-align:center;" |Song
!Film
!Ref.
|-
! rowspan="6" scope="row" style="text-align:center" |2020
([[65th Filmfare Awards|65th]])
| rowspan="6" style="text-align:center" |{{border|[[File:Divine (cropped).jpg|95px|centre]]|width=2px|style=solid|color=gold}}
| style="background:#FAEB86;" |'''[[Divine (rapper)|Divine]] and Ankur Tewari''' '''†'''
| style="background:#FAEB86;" |'''"Apna Time Aayega"'''
| style="background:#FAEB86;" |''[[Gully Boy|'''Gully Boy''']]''
| rowspan="6" |<ref>{{Cite news |title=Filmfare Awards 2020 Winners |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/movie-awards/filmfare-awards-winners/bollywood/2020/101 |access-date=2025-04-07 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
|[[Amitabh Bhattacharya]]
|"Kalank"
|''[[Kalank]]''
|-
|[[Irshad Kamil]]
|"[[Bekhayali]]"
|''[[Kabir Singh]]''
|-
|[[Manoj Muntashir]]
|"[[Teri Mitti]]"
|''[[Kesari (2019 film)|Kesari]]''
|-
|[[Mithoon]]
|"[[Tujhe Kitna Chahne Lage]] Hum"
|''Kabir Singh''
|-
|[[Tanishk Bagchi]]
|"Ve Maahi"
|''Kesari''
|-
! rowspan="6" |2021
([[66th Filmfare Awards|66th]])
| rowspan="6" |{{border|[[File:Gulzar 2008 - still 38227.jpg|95px|centre]]|width=2px|style=solid|color=gold}}
|style="background:#FAEB86;" |'''[[Gulzar]]''' '''†'''
|style="background:#FAEB86;" |'''"Chhapaak"'''
|style="background:#FAEB86;" |'''''[[Chhapaak]]'''''
| rowspan="6" |<ref>{{Cite news |title=Filmfare Awards 2021 Winners |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/movie-awards/filmfare-awards-winners/bollywood/2021/101 |access-date=2025-04-07 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[Irshad Kamil]]
|"Mehrama"
| rowspan="2" |''[[Love Aaj Kal (2020 film)|Love Aaj Kal]]''
|-
|"Shayad"
|-
|[[Sayeed Quadri]]
|"Humdum Hardam"
|''[[Ludo (film)|Ludo]]''
|-
|[[Shakeel Azmi]]
|"Ek Tukda Dhoop"
|''[[Thappad]]''
|-
|[[Vayu Shrivastav|Vayu]]
|"Mere Liye Tum Kaafi Ho"
|''[[Shubh Mangal Zyada Saavdhan]]''
|-
! rowspan="5" |2022
([[67th Filmfare Awards|67th]])
| rowspan="5" style="text-align:center" |–
|style="background:#FAEB86;" |[[Kausar Munir|'''Kausar Munir''']] '''†'''
|style="background:#FAEB86;" |'''"Lehra Do"'''
|style="background:#FAEB86;" |'''''[[83 (film)|83]]'''''
| rowspan="5" |<ref>{{Cite news |title=Filmfare Awards 2022 Winners |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/movie-awards/filmfare-awards-winners/bollywood/2022/101 |access-date=2025-04-07 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
|[[Irshad Kamil]]
|"Rait Zara Si"
|''[[Atrangi Re]]''
|-
|[[Jaani (songwriter)|Jaani]]
|"Mann Bharrya 2.0"
|''[[Shershaah]]''
|-
|[[Manoj Muntashir]]
|"Parinda"
|''[[Saina (film)|Saina]]''
|-
|[[Tanishk Bagchi]]
|"Raataan Lambiya"
|''Shershaah''
|-
! rowspan="5" scope="row" style="text-align:center" |2023
([[68th Filmfare Awards|68th]])
| rowspan="11" |{{border|[[File:Amitabh Bhattacharya.jpg|95px|centre]]|width=2px|style=solid|color=gold}}
| style="background:#FAEB86;" |[[Amitabh Bhattacharya|'''Amitabh Bhattacharya''']] '''†'''
| style="background:#FAEB86;" |"[[Kesariya (song)|'''Kesariya''']]"
| style="background:#FAEB86;" |[[Brahmāstra: Part One – Shiva|'''''Brahmāstra: Part One – Shiva''''']]
| rowspan="5" |<ref>{{Cite news |title=Filmfare Awards 2023 Winners |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/movie-awards/filmfare-awards-winners/bollywood/2023/101 |access-date=2025-04-07 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" |Amitabh Bhattacharya
|"Tere Hawaale"
|''[[Laal Singh Chaddha]]''
|-
|Apna Bana Le
|''[[Bhediya]]''
|-
|[[Shellee]]
|"Maiyya Mainu"
|[[Jersey (2022 film)|''Jersey'']]
|-
|[[A. M. Turaz]]
|"Jab Saiyaan"
|''[[Gangubai Kathiawadi]]''
|-
! rowspan="6" |2024
([[69th Filmfare Awards|69th]])
|style="background:#FAEB86;" |[[Amitabh Bhattacharya|'''Amitabh Bhattacharya''']] '''†'''
|style="background:#FAEB86;" |"'''Tere Vaaste'''"
|style="background:#FAEB86;" |''[[Zara Hatke Zara Bachke|'''Zara Hatke Zara Bachke''']]''
| rowspan="6" |<ref>{{Cite news |title=Filmfare Awards 2024 Winners |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/movie-awards/filmfare-awards-winners/bollywood/2024/101 |access-date=2025-04-07 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
|Amitabh Bhattacharya
|"Tum Kya Mile"
|''[[Rocky Aur Rani Kii Prem Kahaani]]''
|-
|[[Gulzar]]
|"Itni Si Baat"
|''[[Sam Bahadur (film)|Sam Bahadur]]''
|-
|[[Javed Akhtar]]
|"Nikle The Kabhi Hum Ghar Se"
|''[[Dunki (film)|Dunki]]''
|-
|[[Siddharth–Garima]]
|"Satranga"
|''[[Animal (2023 Indian film)|Animal]]''
|-
|[[Swanand Kirkire]] and I. P. Singh
|"Lutt Putt Gaya"
|''Dunki''
|-
! rowspan="6" |2025
([[70th Filmfare Awards|70th]])
| rowspan="6" style="text-align:center" |–
|style="background:#FAEB86;" |'''[[Prashant Pandey (lyricist)|Prashant Pandey]]'''
|style="background:#FAEB86;" |"'''Sajni'''"
|style="background:#FAEB86;" |''[[Laapataa Ladies|'''Lapataa Ladies''']]''
| rowspan="6" |<ref>{{cite news |title=Winners of the 70th Hyundai Filmfare Awards 2025 With Gujarat Tourism: Full List Out |url=https://www.filmfare.com/news/bollywood/winners-of-the-70th-hyundai-filmfare-awards-2025-with-gujarat-tourism-full-list-out-78383.html |publisher=Filmfare |date=12 October 2025 |access-date=12 October 2025 }}</ref>
|-
|[[Kausar Munir]]
|"Sarphira"
|''[[Chandu Champion]]''
|-
|Siddhant Kaushal
|"Nikat"
|''[[Kill (film)|Kill]]''
|-
|[[Swanand Kirkire]]
|"Dheeme Dheeme"
|''Laapataa Ladies''
|-
|[[Varun Grover (writer)|Varun Grover]]
|"Raat Akeli Thi"
|''[[Merry Christmas (2024 film)|Merry Christmas]]''
|}

==See also==
* [[Filmfare Awards]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*[https://www.filmfare.com/awards/filmfare-awards/winners Filmfare Awards Best Lyricist]

{{FilmfareAwardBestLyricist}}
{{Filmfare Awards}}

[[Category:Filmfare Awards|Lyricist]]

Sampat Kumar Tandon

2026-02-11T06:55:59Z

Vivek.Dantkale: new a bio

{{short description|Indian geologist (born 1945)}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2017}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2017}}
{{Infobox scientist
| name = Sampat Kumar Tandon
| image =
| alt =
| caption =
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1945|8|13}}
| birth_place = [[Delhi]], India
| death_date =
| death_place =
| fields = {{ublist | Physical [[stratigraphy]] | [[Quaternary geology]] }}
| workplaces = {{ublist | [[IIT Delhi]] | [[Wadia Institute of Himalayan Geology]] | [[University of Delhi]] }}
| alma_mater = {{ublist | [[University of Cambridge]] | [[Panjab University]] | [[University of Delhi]] }}
| doctoral_advisor = {{ublist| H. Okada | P. F. Friend }}
| doctoral_students =
| known_for = Studies on the [[magnetostratigraphy]] of the [[Sivalik Hills|Siwalik rocks]]
| awards = {{ublist | 1974 [[Indian National Science Academy|INSA]] Young Scientists Medal | 1985 [[Indian Geophysical Union|IGU]] [[Krishnan Medal]] | 1988 [[Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize]] | 2009 [[Ordre des Palmes Académiques]] }}
}}
'''Sampat Kumar Tandon''' (born 13 August 1945) is an Indian [[geologist]] and a professor emeritus of geology at the [[University of Delhi]].<ref name="GuptaKumar2006">{{cite book|author1=Ameeta Gupta|author2=Ashish Kumar|title=Handbook of Universities|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZKgM7P5iGwgC&pg=PA214|date=1 January 2006|publisher=Atlantic Publishers & Dist|isbn=978-81-269-0607-9|pages=214–}}</ref> He is a former pro-vice chancellor of Delhi University, Sir J. C. Bose Chair Professor of the department of Earth and Environmental Sciences at the [[Indian Institute of Science Education and Research]], Bhopal<ref name="Sir J. C. Bose Chair Professor">{{Cite web |url=https://iiserb.ac.in/profile.php?empid=Mjc2&page=Earth%20and%20Environmental%20Sciences&pid=42&id=45 |title=Sir J. C. Bose Chair Professor |date=2016 |publisher=Indian Institute of Science Education and Research}}</ref> and a D. N. Wadia Chair Professor of the department of Earth Sciences at the [[Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur]].<ref name="D. N. Wadia Chair Professor">{{Cite web |url=http://home.iitk.ac.in/~sktand/contact.html |title=D. N. Wadia Chair Professor |date=2016 |publisher=Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur |access-date=21 December 2016 |archive-date=5 April 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170405011017/http://home.iitk.ac.in/~sktand/contact.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>

Tandon is known for his geological studies of the [[Sivalik Hills|Siwalik rocks]]<ref name="Brief Profile of the Awardee">{{Cite web |url=http://ssbprize.gov.in/Content/Detail.aspx?AID=89 |title=Brief Profile of the Awardee |date=2016 |publisher=Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize |access-date=12 November 2016}}</ref> and is an elected fellow of all the three major Indian science academies viz. the [[Indian Academy of Sciences]],<ref name="Fellow profile">{{Cite web |url=http://www.ias.ac.in/describe/fellow/Tandon,_Prof._Sampat_Kumar |title=Fellow profile |date=2016 |publisher=Indian Academy of Sciences |access-date=12 November 2016}}</ref> [[Indian National Science Academy]],<ref name="Indian fellow">{{Cite web |url=http://insaindia.res.in/detail.php?id=N99-1264 |title=Indian fellow |date=2016 |publisher=Indian National Science Academy}}</ref> and the [[National Academy of Sciences, India]]<ref name="NASI fellows">{{Cite web |url=http://www.nasi.org.in/Year%20Book%202015.pdf |title=NASI fellows |date=2016 |publisher=National Academy of Sciences, India |access-date=21 December 2016 |archive-date=6 August 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150806211716/http://www.nasi.org.in/Year%20Book%202015.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> as well as [[The World Academy of Sciences]].<ref name="TWAS fellow">{{Cite web |url=http://twas.org/member/tandon-sampat-kumar |title=TWAS fellow |date=2016 |publisher=The World Academy of Sciences}}</ref> The [[Council of Scientific and Industrial Research]], the apex agency of the Government of India for scientific research, awarded him the [[Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize for Science and Technology]], one of the highest Indian science awards for his contributions to Earth, Atmosphere, Ocean and Planetary Sciences in 1988.<ref name="View Bhatnagar Awardees">{{cite web | url=http://ssbprize.gov.in/Content/AwardeeList.aspx | title=View Bhatnagar Awardees | publisher=Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize | date=2016 | accessdate=12 November 2016}}</ref>{{Refn|group=note|Long link - please select award year to see details}} He was knighted by the Government of France with the title, [[Ordre des Palmes Académiques|Chevalier of the Ordre des Palmes Académiques]] in 2009.<ref name="D. N. Wadia Chair Professor" />

== Biography ==
[[File:Delhiuni.jpg|thumb|235px|left|University of Delhi]]
[[File:River Ganga meandering through the Shivalik ranges, Rishikesh.jpg|thumb|235px|Shivalik ranges]]
S. K. Tandon, born on 13 August 1945 in the Indian capital of [[Delhi]] to Piara Lal Tandon and Karam Devi, completed his [[Senior Cambridge]] in 1961 and did his graduate studies (BSc hons) at [[Panjab University]] during 1961–65 after which he obtained a master's degree (MSc hons) from the same university in 1966.<ref name="Faculty profile">{{Cite web |url=http://www.du.ac.in/du/uploads/departments/faculty_members/Geology/2354.pdf |title=Faculty profile |date=2016 |publisher=University of Delhi}}</ref> His doctoral studies were at the [[University of Delhi]] and after securing a PhD, he joined the [[Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi]] as a lecturer in 1966.<ref name="Indian fellow" /> Two years later, he shifted to [[Wadia Institute of Himalayan Geology]] as a scientific officer and in 1976, he returned to Delhi University as a member of faculty. He served the institution in various capacities; as the head of the department of geology from 1990 to 1993, dean of the faculty of science from 1992 to 1993 and as dean of the research and international relations from 2001 to 2006 before becoming the pro-vice chancellor of the university in 2005, a post he held till 2010.<ref name="Administration & Management">{{Cite web |url=http://home.iitk.ac.in/~sktand/academic.html |title=Administration & Management |date=2016 |publisher=IIT Kanpur}}</ref> In between, he did his post-doctoral studies at the Institute of Geosciences of [[Shizuoka University]] in 1981 with H. Okada and at the Department of Earth Sciences of [[University of Cambridge]] during 1984-85 under the guidance of P. F. Friend.<ref name="Indian fellow" /> During his service at Delhi University, he chaired several bodies and empowered committees of the university such as the Governing Body of [[Ram Lal Anand College]] (1994–95), Academic Reforms and Accountability Committee (2002–03), Restructuring Undergraduate Science Programs Committee (2002–05), Committee for Designing B.Sc. (Hons.) course in Computer Science and the Committee for Restructuring M.Phil Courses.<ref name="Faculty profile" />

Tandon served as a visiting professor at the [[University of Guelph]] in 1982 and as a Royal Society fellow at the [[University of Cambridge]] during 1984–85.<ref name="Faculty profile" /> He was a visiting scientist at [[Shizuoka University]] in 1981 and 1988,{{Refn|group=note|on [[Indian National Science Academy]] fellowship}} at the [[French National Center for Scientific Research]] in 1985, at Japan Society for Promotion of Science in 1988,{{Refn|group=note|on [[Indian National Science Academy]] fellowship}} at [[University of East Anglia]] in 1992 and 1997,{{Refn|group=note|on [[Indian National Science Academy]] / [[Royal Society]] fellowship}} at [[Dalhousie University]] during 1993–94{{Refn|group=note|on [[Commonwealth Scholarship and Fellowship Plan]]}} and at [[University of Karlsruhe]] in 2002.{{Refn|group=note|on [[Indian National Science Academy]] / [[Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft]] fellowship}} He was a member of the vice chancellors' delegation to France and Delhi University delegation to [[Kabul University]] in 2006. He was involved with the Indo-Hungarian Research Project sponsored by the [[Department of Science and Technology (India)|Department of Science and Technology]] and visited Geological Institute, Budapest in 2006 and 2007 and paid visits to the [[University of Durham]] in 2008 and 2009 in association with the Indo-UKEIRI Program.<ref name="Faculty profile" />

Tandon is married to Anita Mehrotra and the couple has two sons, Aditya and Amitabh. The family lives in Delhi.

== Legacy ==
[[File:World geologic provinces.jpg|thumb|235px|The Deccan Traps shown as dark purple spot on the geologic map of India]]
Tandon is known to have done extensive researches on sedimentary [[tectonics]] and [[magnetostratigraphy]] and his work on the [[Siwalik Hills|Siwalik rocks]] is reported to have assisted in the wider understanding of this tectonically dynamic region of the [[Himalayas]].<ref name="Handbook of Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize Winners">{{cite web | url=http://www.csirhrdg.res.in/ssb.pdf | title=Handbook of Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize Winners | publisher=Council of Scientific and Industrial Research | date=1999}}</ref> He pioneered the physical dating techniques such as magnetic polarity, luminescence dating, fission track dating of zircons in India and he contributed to reconstruct the Late [[Cretaceous]] [[palaeogeography]] of Central India which revealed the impact of [[Deccan Traps|Deccan volcanism]] on contemporary sedimentary environments.<ref name="Indian fellow" /> His studies have been detailed in several peer reviewed articles;<ref name="Browse by Fellow">{{Cite web |url=http://repository.ias.ac.in/view/fellows/Tandon=3ASampat_Kumar=3A=3A.html |title=Browse by Fellow |date=2016 |publisher=Indian Academy of Sciences}}</ref>{{Refn|group=note|Please see ''Selected bibliography'' section}} [[ResearchGate]] and [[Google Scholar]], two online repositories of scientific articles has listed 110<ref name="On ResearchGate">{{Cite web |url=https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Sampat_Tandon |title=On ResearchGate |date=2016 }}</ref> and 180 of them respectively.<ref name="On Google Scholar">{{Cite web |url=https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=90nM0KEAAAAJ&hl=en |title=On Google Scholar |date=2016 |publisher=Google Scholar}}</ref> He sat in several government agencies as a member. He was a member of the project advisory committees of the Department of Science and Technology (1994–97), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (2001–05), Integrated Long-Term Program (2001–04) and Central Groundwater Board (2001–04) and chaired the Project Advisory Committee of the DST during 1998–2000.<ref name="Faculty profile" /> He also chaired the Research Advisory Committees of [[Wadia Institute of Himalayan Geology]] (2004–07) and Young Scientists Fast Track Scheme (Earth Sciences) of DST (2005–08) besides being associated with several other councils and committees as a member.<ref name="Accomplishments">{{Cite web |url=http://home.iitk.ac.in/~sktand/ACCOMPLISHMENTS.html |title=Accomplishments |date=2016 |publisher=IIT Kanpur}}</ref> He presided the Indian Association of Sedimentologists (2003–12),<ref name="Report on Indian Association of Sedimentologists Meeting 2014">{{Cite web |url=https://www.sepm.org/CM_Files/Ambassadors/Indian_Association_of_Sedimentologists_Meeting_2013.pdf |title=Report on Indian Association of Sedimentologists Meeting 2014 |date=2016 |publisher=SEPM}}</ref> and served as the vice president of the [[Geological Society of India]] during 2007-10<ref name="COUNCIL: 2007 – 2010">{{Cite web |url=http://www.geosocindia.org/public/journals/253/docs/2007-2010.pdf |title=COUNCIL: 2007 – 2010 |date=2016 |publisher=Geological Society of India}}</ref> and 2010-13.<ref name="COUNCIL MEMBERS : 2010-2013">{{Cite web |url=http://www.geosocindia.org/public/journals/253/docs/CM2010-2013.pdf |title=COUNCIL MEMBERS : 2010-2013 |date=2016 |publisher=Geological Society of India}}</ref> He was a councillor of [[International Union of Geological Sciences]] (IUGS) during 2010-14 and has been serving as the vice president of the Indian Mineralogists Association since 2005. He was the convenor of the editorial committee of the [[University Grants Commission of India]] for promoting research at educational institutions in 2004 and was a member of the editorial board of [[Current Science]] (2003–13)<ref name="Faculty profile" /> and the Proceedings in Earth and Planetary Sciences of the [[Indian Academy of Sciences]].<ref name="A Debt of Gratitude">{{Cite web |url=http://www.ias.ac.in/article/fulltext/jess/109/04/0549-0551 |title=A Debt of Gratitude |date=2016 |publisher=Indian Academy of Sciences}}</ref> He is the incumbent chairman of the research advisory council of [[Birbal Sahni Institute of Palaeobotany]]<ref name="Research Advisory Council">{{Cite web |url=http://www.bsip.res.in/ChairmanRAC.html |title=Research Advisory Council |date=2016 |publisher=Birbal Sahni Institute of Palaeobotany}}</ref> and a member of the advisory committee of the [[Indian Statistical Institute]].<ref name="Advisory Committee">{{Cite web |url=http://www.isical.ac.in/~gsu2008/index_files/Committees.htm |title=Advisory Committee |date=2016 |publisher=Indian Statistical Institute}}</ref>

== Awards and honors ==
Tandon received the Young Scientists Medal of the Indian National Science Academy in 1974<ref name="INSA Young Scientists Medal">{{Cite web |url=http://insaindia.res.in/youngmedal.php |title=INSA Young Scientists Medal |date=2016 |publisher=Indian National Science Academy |access-date=21 December 2016 |archive-date=11 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210511084357/https://www.insaindia.res.in/youngmedal.php |url-status=dead }}</ref> and the [[Krishnan Medal]] of the [[Indian Geophysical Union]] reached him in 1985.<ref name="Krishnan Medal">{{Cite web |url=http://www.igu.in/awards.htm |title=Krishnan Medal |date=2016 |publisher=Indian Geophysical Union}}</ref> The Indian Academy of Sciences elected him as a fellow in 1987<ref name="Fellow profile" /> and the [[Council of Scientific and Industrial Research]] awarded him the [[Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize]], one of the highest Indian science awards, in 1988.<ref name="Earth Sciences">{{Cite web |url=http://www.csir.res.in/External/Heads/career/award/BPRIZE/Earth_SCIENCES.htm |title=Earth Sciences |date=2016 |publisher=Council of Scientific and Industrial Research |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303200915/http://www.csir.res.in/external/heads/career/award/BPRIZE/Earth_SCIENCES.htm |archivedate=3 March 2016 |df=dmy-all }}</ref> The year 1999 brought him two elected fellowships, that of the Indian National Science Academy<ref name="Indian fellow" /> and the National Academy of Sciences, India.<ref name="NASI fellows" /> He was elected as a fellow by [[The World Academy of Sciences]] in 2001 and the Government of France honored him with the [[Ordre des Palmes Académiques|Chevalier dans l’Ordre des Palmes Academiques]] in 2009.<ref name="Sir J. C. Bose Chair Professor" /> The award orations delivered by him include Professor K.P. Rode Memorial Lecture of the [[Indian Science Congress Association]] in 2000 and the VII Karunakaran Endowment Memorial Lecture of [[Centre for Earth Science Studies]], Thiruvananthapuram in 2006.<ref name="Indian fellow" />

== Selected bibliography ==
* {{Cite journal |last=Sinha, R. ; Bhattacharjee, P. S. ; Sangode, S. J. ; Gibling, M. R. ; Tandon, S. K. ; Jaine, M. ; Godfrey Smith, D. |title=Valley and interfluve sediments in the Southern Ganga plains, India: exploring facies and magnetic signatures |journal=Sedimentary Geology |publication-date=2007 |volume=201 |issue=3–4 |pages=386–411 |doi=10.1016/j.sedgeo.2007.07.004|year=2007 |bibcode=2007SedG..201..386S |s2cid=140711872 }}
* {{Cite journal |last=Singh, Vimal ; Tandon, S. K. |title=The Pinjaur dun (intermontane longitudinal valley) and associated active mountain fronts, NW Himalaya: tectonic geomorphology and morphotectonic evolution |journal=Geomorphology |publication-date=2008 |volume=102 |issue=3–4 |pages=376–394 |doi=10.1016/j.geomorph.2008.04.008|year=2008 |bibcode=2008Geomo.102..376S }}
* {{Cite journal |last=Saini, H. S. ; Tandon, S. K. ; Mujtaba, S. A. I. ; Pant, N. C. ; Khorana, R. K. |title=Reconstruction of buried channel-floodplain systems of the northwestern Haryana Plains and their relation to the 'Vedic' Saraswati |journal=Current Science |date=2009 |volume=97 |issue=11 |pages=1634–1643}}
* {{Cite journal |last=Singh, Vimal ; Tandon, S. K. |title=Integrated analysis of structures and landforms of an intermontane longitudinal valley (Pinjaur dun) and its associated mountain fronts in the NW Himalaya |journal=Geomorphology |publication-date=2010 |volume=114 |issue=4 |pages= 573–589 |doi=10.1016/j.geomorph.2009.09.019|year=2010 |bibcode=2010Geomo.114..573S }}
* {{Cite journal |last=Nador, Annamaria ; Sinha, Rajiv ; Magyari, Arpad ; Tandon, Sampat K. ; Medzihradszky, Zsofia ; Babinszki, Edit ; Bozso, Edit Thamo ; Unger, Zoltan ; Singh, Ashish |title=Late quaternary (weichselian) alluvial history and neotectonic control on fluvial landscape development in the southern Körös plain, Hungary |journal=Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology |publication-date=2011 |volume=299 |issue=1–2 |pages=1–14 |doi=10.1016/j.palaeo.2010.09.018|year=2011 |bibcode=2011PPP...299....1N }}

== See also ==
{{Div col}}
* [[Magnetostratigraphy]]
* [[List of foreign recipients of the Ordre des Palmes Académiques]]
* [[Deccan Traps]]
* [[Palaeogeography]]
{{div col end}}
{{portal|India|Geology}}

== Notes ==
{{Reflist|group=note|50em}}

== References ==
{{Reflist|30em}}

== External links ==
* {{Cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=69NTIsfwKTc |title=Address at Inspire Camp - Department of Science and Technology |last=Dr Sampat Kumar Tandon |date=2015 |website=Lecture |publisher=KIIT Gurgaon}}

{{SSBPST recipients in Earth, Atmosphere, Ocean & Planetary Sciences}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Tandon, Sampat Kumar}}
[[Category:Recipients of the Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Award in Earth, Atmosphere, Ocean & Planetary Sciences]]
[[Category:1945 births]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian geologists]]
[[Category:Chevaliers of the Ordre des Palmes Académiques]]
[[Category:Fellows of the Indian Academy of Sciences]]
[[Category:Fellows of the Indian National Science Academy]]
[[Category:Fellows of the National Academy of Sciences, India]]
[[Category:Fellows of The World Academy of Sciences]]
[[Category:Scientists from Delhi]]
[[Category:Panjab University alumni]]
[[Category:Delhi University alumni]]
[[Category:Academic staff of IIT Delhi]]
[[Category:Academic staff of Delhi University]]
[[Category:Vice-chancellors of the University of Delhi]]
[[Category:Shizuoka University alumni]]
[[Category:Alumni of the University of Cambridge]]
[[Category:Academic staff of the University of Guelph]]
[[Category:Academic staff of IIT Kanpur]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Scholars from Delhi]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian geologists]]

Merta City

2026-02-03T09:28:48Z

Vivek.Dantkale: refine references for consistency and fixed typos

{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2018}}
 {{Infobox settlement
| name = Merta City
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| other_name = Medantaka
| settlement_type = [[City]]
| translit_lang1_info =
| translit_lang2 =
| image_skyline = Charbhuja Ji.jpg
| image_alt =
| image_caption = Charbhuja Nath Temple / Meera Bai Temple 
| nickname = City of [[Meera]]
| pushpin_map = India Rajasthan#India
| pushpin_relief = yes
| pushpin_label_position =
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Nagaur district, Rajasthan
| coordinates = {{coord|26.6500|N|74.0333|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = [[Country]]
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and union territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[District]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Rajasthan State|Rajasthan]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Nagaur District|Nagaur]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder = Rao Duda (Mertiya) Rathore
| named_for =
| government_type = Democratic
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_total_km2 =
| area_rank =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 312
| population_total = 40221
| population_as_of = 2001
| population_footnotes =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_rank =
| population_demonym =
| demographics_type1 = • Official Language - [[Rajasthani Languages|Rajasthani]], [[Hindi]]
| demographics_type2 =
| timezone1 = [[Greenwich Mean Time|GMT]]+5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 341510
| registration_plate =
| unemployment_rate =
| website =
| footnotes =
| GMT_offset1 =
| Language =
| State =
}}
'''Merta City''' is a [[city]] and a [[municipality]] located near [[Nagaur|Nagaur City]] in [[Nagaur district]] in the Indian [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[Rajasthan]]. Merta is also known for its link with [[Mira Bai]], the devotee of Lord Krishna. The [[Mira Mahal Museum]] houses memories related to Mira Bai's lifetime.

==History==
[[File:Meera Smarak.jpg|thumb|Meera Smarak Merta City]]
The ancient name of Merta City was Medantaka. Nagabhatta Pratihar from Pratihar Rajput dynasty of Mandore established himself at Medantaka and made the city his capital.<ref>[[#DistrictGazetteer|Nagaur District Gazetteer]], pp. 21</ref> In 13th Century, Alauddin Khilji took control of this place and placed Tajuddin Ali as his viceroy at Medantaka.<ref>[[#DistrictGazetteer|Nagaur District Gazetteer]], pp. 26</ref>
Later, Rao Jodha granted Merta as Jagir to his son Rao Duda. From Merta, Duda's descendant got the name of Mertiya Rathores. Rao Duda built a palace, temple of Chaturbhuj Ji and Dudasar Pond.<ref>Ghanerao Ke Mertiya Rathore, Dr. Devilal Paliwal, p 21</ref>
[[File:Meera Smarak Meera Bai.jpg|thumb|Meera Smarak Meera Bai Ji]]
After Rao Duda, Rao Veeramdeo ruled in Merta. Veeramdeo's niece was the famous poet and devotee of Krishna, [[Mira Bai]]. Veeramdeo also took part in [[Battle of Khanwa]].
When [[Maldev Rathore]] became the King of Marwar, he expanded his territory and annexed Merta from Viramdeo Mertiya.<ref>History of Rajputana, G.H. Ojha, p 286</ref> Rao Maldev built Malkot fort in Merta.<ref>History of Rajputana, G.H. Ojha, p 286</ref>

After the [[Battle of Sammel]], Merta came under control of [[Sher Shah Suri|Sher Shah]]. After sometime, Merta again came under control of Rao Maldeo.
Veeramdeo's son [[Jaimal Rathore|Jaimal Mertiya]] moved to Mewar.
Near Dagolai Talab, Capt. De Bourbon's grave is located. He was in Scindia's army and died of wounds he received in Battle of Merta.<ref>History of Rajputana, G.H. Ojha, p 33</ref>

===Brief history of Mertiyas===
{{unref section |date=August 2024}}
Merta-Estate was soon merged with Jodhpur State and Jaimal's 14 sons were given small principalities nearby. Akbar gave half Merta to Rao Surtan Singh and half to Rao Keshavdas Mertiya sons of Rao Jaimal. Merta was distributed in Jagirs and Thikanas by independently Mertiya's like

''Riya, Budsu (4 villages), [[Borawar]] (7 villages), Badu-Jagir(13 villages) Mannano, Ladoli, Kalwo, Gular, Jawla, Meethri, Alniyawas, Maroth, Badnore-Jagir, Ghanerao and others''

The same spirit was shown by many descendants of the Mertia Royal Family, including the Chiefs of Rian, Methri and Alniyawas who fought against the rebels of Kumpawat clan in the battle of Merta in 1790 AD and suffered mass annihilation. One of the scion of the family who rose to prominence during the reign of Aurangzeb was Maharaja Raghunath Singh Mertiya (1660–1683 AD), who conquered Maroth previous capital of Gaurawati/ [[Gaurati]] and is ancestor of the rulers of [[Panch Mahal Maroth]].

==Demographics==
{{As of|2001}} India [[census]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040616075334/http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archive-date=2004-06-16|title= Census of India 2001: Data from the 2001 Census, including cities, villages and towns (Provisional)|access-date=2008-11-01|publisher= Census Commission of India}}</ref> Merta City had a population of 40,252. Males constitute 53% of the population and females 47%. Merta City has an average literacy rate of 60%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 72%, and female literacy is 48%. About 16% of the population is under 6 years of age. Merta City is a holy city for Hindus as it is the birthplace of Meera Bai, the famous Devotee of God Krishna.

==Transport==
[[File:Three different generations of Indian railway locomotives.jpg|thumb|Diesel locomotives halted at [[Merta Road Junction railway station]]]]
{{unreferenced section|date=September 2020}}
Merta City is off the [[Jodhpur-Bathinda line]] but with a link. Merta City is middle point of Rajasthan, facilitating easy access.

1) 15 km away from [[Merta Road Junction railway station|Merta Road Junction Railway Station]]

2) 80 km away from [[Nagaur railway station|Nagaur Railway Station]]

3) 60 km Away from [[Pushkar railway station|Pushkar (Ajmer) Railway Station]]

4) 80 km away from [[Ajmer Junction railway station|Ajmer Junction Railway Station]]

5) 120 km away from [[Jodhpur Junction railway station|Jodhpur Junction Railway Station]]

6) 250 km away from [[Jaipur Junction railway station|Jaipur Junction Railway Station]] (capital)

==References==
* {{cite book|title=Rajasthan District Gazetteer - Nagaur|last=Sehgal|first=K.K |ref=DistrictGazetteer|publisher=Government of Rajasthan|year=1975|edition=5th|location=Jaipur}}

{{Reflist}}
* [http://www.fallingrain.com/world/IN/24/Merta.html Merta Coordinates]
* [http://ourvillageindia.org/Place.aspx?PID=435588 Merta Population]
* [https://kumsmerta.com/ Merta mandi]
{{Nagaur district}}

[[Category:Cities and towns in Nagaur district]]
[[Category:Tourist attractions in Nagaur district]]

Mata no Madh

2026-01-25T10:19:35Z

Vivek.Dantkale: page updated

{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2018}}
{{more citations needed|date=July 2015}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Mata no Madh
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Village
| image_skyline = Ashapura Mata Tempe, Matano Madh, Kachchh.jpg
| image_alt =
| image_caption = Ashapura Mata Temple
| pushpin_map = India Gujarat#India
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Gujarat, India
| coordinates = {{coord|23.54|N|68.94|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Gujarat]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Kachchh District|Kachchh]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total =
| population_as_of =
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]], [[Hindi language|Hindi]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = 370625
| postal_code =
| registration_plate =[[List of RTO districts in India#GJ.E2.80.94Gujarat|GJ]]-12
| blank1_name_sec1 =
| blank1_info_sec1 =
| blank2_name_sec1 = Nearest Big village
| blank2_info_sec1 = Dayapar
| blank3_name_sec1 =
| blank3_info_sec1 =
| blank4_name_sec1 =
| blank4_info_sec1 =
| blank5_name_sec1 = [[Lok Sabha]] constituency
| blank5_info_sec1 = Bhuj
| blank1_name_sec2 = [[Climate of India|Climate]]
| blank1_info_sec2 = [[Climatic regions of India|Dry]] ([[Köppen climate classification|Köppen]])
| blank2_name_sec2 = Avg. summer temperature
| blank2_info_sec2 = {{convert|42|°C|°F}}
| blank3_name_sec2 = Avg. winter temperature
| blank3_info_sec2 = {{convert|20|°C|°F}}
| website = {{URL|gujaratindia.com}}
| footnotes =
}}
'''Mata no Madh''' is a village in [[Lakhpat]] Taluka of [[Kutch district]], [[Gujarat]], India. The village lies surrounded by hills on both banks of a small stream and has a temple dedicated to [[Ashapura Mata]], the [[Kuldevi|household deity]] of former [[Jadeja]] rulers of [[kutch State]]. She is also considered patron deity of [[Kutch district|Kutch.]]<ref name=gbp>{{cite book|title=Gazetteer of the Bombay Presidency: kutch, Palanpur, and Mahi Kantha|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dLUBAAAAYAAJ|year=1880|publisher=Printed at the Government Central Press|pages=233–234}} {{PD-notice}}</ref> The village is located about 105 km from [[Bhuj]], the headquarters of [[Kutch district|Kutch]] district.<ref name=a>{{Cite web|url=http://www.desigujju.com/gujarattourism/en/place/25/Mata_No_Madh_Ma_Ashapura|title=Mata No Madh - Ma Ashapura - Bhuj Tourism Guide - Gujarat Tourism, Complete Gujarat Travel Guide, Gujarat Tourist Places List|access-date=26 April 2011|archive-date=18 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210618153821/https://www.desigujju.com/gujarattourism/en/place/25/Mata_No_Madh_Ma_Ashapura|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=b>{{cite web | url=http://www.kutchforever.com/Religious.aspx | title=屯昌哟凉家居有限公司 }}</ref>

==Mining industry==
The village was the major place of the [[alum]] manufacture in past.<ref name=gbp/> Three of the coals, [[gypsum]], Kutch [[bauxite]] and [[lignite]] are mined by the [[Gujarat Mineral Development Corporation]].<ref name=b/><ref name="Bhatnagar 2014">{{cite web | last=Bhatnagar | first=Jyotsna | title=GMDC has six active lignite mines: BB Swain | website=The Financial Express | date=31 December 2014 | url=http://www.financialexpress.com/article/companies/gmdc-has-six-active-lignite-mines-bb-swain/24643/ | accessdate=24 July 2015}}</ref><ref>[http://www.gmdcltd.com/showpage.aspx?contentid=1585 GMDC -Lignite Mines Mata no Madh] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120727172358/http://www.gmdcltd.com/showpage.aspx?contentid=1585 |date=2012-07-27 }}</ref>

==Places of interest==

===Ashapura Mata temple===
[[File:DeshdeviAshapura.jpg|thumb|Goddess Ashapura]]
The temple was built in the 14th century by two Karad [[Bania (caste)|Vanias]], Ajo and Anagor. They were the ministers in the court of the father of Lakho Phulani. The temple was damaged by the [[1819 Rann of Kutch earthquake|earthquake in 1819]]. The temple was rebuilt by Sundarji Shivji and Mehta Vallabhaji, two [[Brahma Kshatri|Brahmakshatriya]] in 1823 ([[Samvat]] 1880).<ref name=a/><ref name=b/> The temple is 58 ft. long, 32 ft. wide and 52 ft. tall. Except that it has a passage for walking round the deity, it is much the same as the temple at [[Koteshwar, Kutch|Koteshwar]].<ref name=gbp/> The temple was damaged again by the [[2001 Gujarat earthquake|earthquake in 2001]] but was repaired again.<ref name=a/><ref name=b/>

The image of Ashapura Mata in the shrine is a red-painted stone, about six feet high and six feet broad at the base, narrowing to a point in a shape, with some rough likeness to a human form. It is said to have come from Jashod in Marwar. Here every year during the [[Navaratri]], the Rao of Cutch used to offer a sacrifice of seven male buffaloes.<ref name=gbp/> The practice of animal sacrifice has been stopped.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Dilipsinh |first=K. S. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oPUFiGRH07IC&q=greatest+number&pg=PA75 |title=Kutch in Festival and Custom |date=2004 |publisher=Har-Anand Publications |isbn=978-81-241-0998-4 |language=en}}</ref>

Connected with this temple are two classes of people known as Bhuvas and [[Kapadi]]s, who; though now very different, are said to be sprung from two brothers. The Bhuvas, though not devotees, enjoy the temple revenues and live a life of ease in the village. They (1827) marry, wear long beards, and eat with all except the lowest castes. The Kapadis are devotees who do not marry, wear no hair on their faces, and eat only among themselves. According to their own account, they came from Gujarat around 1100 CE, and of this, they say, they had evidence as late as the battle of [[Jara, Kutch|Jara]] (1762), when, leaving their villages, they lost their records. They are chiefly [[Lohana]]s, but all, except outcastes, are allowed to join. Around 1680, the succession to the headship of the monastery was disputed, and, on reference to the Rao, it was decided that one of the claimants should be head or ''Raja'', and the other with the title ''Rorasi'' be head elect. This custom has ever since been kept up. The Raja and all, except twenty-five Kapdis, live in one court and take their meals together. The Rorasi with his twenty-five disciples lives separate but receives every necessary of life from the Raja's house. If the Rorasi dies, the eldest of his disciples succeeds. If the Raja dies the Rorasi succeeds and the eldest of the Raja's disciples becomes Rorasi. The Raja is treated with much respect and had the privilege of receiving the Rao of Cutch sitting. In past, they owned and held the revenues of the villages of Madh, Netraj, Murchbanu, Kotda, and Dedarani.<ref name=gbp/> There are also subordinates priests of [[Chauhan dynasty|Chauhan]], who performs [[Puja (Hinduism)|pooja]] of the deity.<ref name=b/><ref name=g>{{cite web|url=http://www.matanamadh.org/history.html |title=Chalo, Bulava Aya Hai, Mata Ne Bulayahai ! |accessdate=2006-12-23 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070626054432/http://www.matanamadh.org/history.html |archivedate=2007-06-26 }}</ref>

There is a legend associated with [[Mian Ghulam Shah Kalhoro]] of [[Sindh]]. In 1762, when his army attacked this temple, his soldiers became blind by the curse of Ashapura. Then, Ghulam Shah took a swear to set up a huge bell in the temple. Finally, his soldiers regained their sight and Ghulam Shah kept his words. The huge bell still stands there in the temple.<ref name=b/>

Jamadar [[Fateh Muhammad]], the military leader of Cutch State, had presented this temple with a ''deepmala'' weighing 2 kg silver, and with 41 lamps carved in it.<ref name=a/>

Thousands of devotee from Gujarat and other states visit the temple during auspicious days of [[Chaitra]] Navaratri and [[Ashvin]] Navaratri of which the later hold more significance.<ref name=a/><ref name=g/> Camps and relief facilities are set up around the road leading to Mata no Madh, every year for this pilgrimage.<ref>[http://www.expressindia.com/latest-news/people-turn-up-in-lakhs-at-mata-no-madh-in-kutch/228782/ People turn up in lakhs at Mata no Madh in Kutch] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080516014816/http://www.expressindia.com/latest-news/people-turn-up-in-lakhs-at-mata-no-madh-in-kutch/228782/ |date=16 May 2008 }}</ref>

===Other temples===
On the top of Jagora, a hill about two miles to the north of Matano Madh in a small cave entered by a narrow opening, is a rough red coloured stone. This, the Jagora Ashapura, is visited by Vanias who come and stay three nights. A bituminous earth found in the hill is burnt before the goddess. The smell is unsavoury, but it pleases the goddess, as it is produced from the body of a [[Daitya]] whom she slew. On a hill to the north-east is a second temple to Ashapura built by a Kapdi in 1743 (Samvat 1800).

Near the village is another shrine, the temple of Chachara Mata. The lower part of the building is carved out of a sandstone rock; and the roof is supported by rough carved pillars. Except by a lamp always kept burning, the inside is unlighted. From the same rock a stream of water falls into a twenty feet square pool with flights of steps. It is fifteen to twenty feet deep, and the water, which is charged with salts of sulphur, is used for bathing, washing clothes, and in the manufacture of alum in past.<ref name=gbp/>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Shakti temples]]
[[Category:Mines in India]]
[[Category:Culture of Kutch]]
[[Category:Villages in Kutch district]]

Siri Ravikumar

2026-01-18T17:57:19Z

Vivek.Dantkale: new a bio

{{Short description|Indian actress}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2025}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Siri Ravikumar
| image =
| caption =
| birth_date = 14th October 1987
| birth_name =
| birth_place = [[Bangalore]], India
| yearsactive = 2016–present
| othername =
| website =
| occupation = {{hlist|Actress|Model|Playback Singer|Radio Jockey}}
}}

'''Siri Ravikumar''' is an Indian model, former [[Radio Jockey]], singer and an actress who primarily works in [[Kannada cinema|Kannada]] films.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/topic/siri-ravikumar/news |title=Siri Ravikumar: Movies, Photos, Videos, News, Biography |work=The Times of India |date=1 September 2019}}</ref>

==Career==
After playing cameo roles in many films and performing in theatre plays, She played her first major role in ''[[Kavaludaari]]'' (2019) followed by a lead role in ''[[Sakutumba Sametha]]'' (2022), whilst her singing debut was with ''[[Arishadvarga]]'' (2019) for which she received [[9th South Indian International Movie Awards|SIIMA Award for Best Female Playback Singer- Kannada]] nomination.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.thehansindia.com/cinema/tollywood/siima-nominations-here-is-the-complete-list-of-nominations-for-2019-and-2020-704128|title=SIIMA Nominations: Here Is The Complete List Of Nominations For 2019 And 2020|work=The Hans India |date=30 August 2021}}</ref> She further played lead roles in films such as ''[[Hope (2022 film)|Hope]]'' (2022), ''[[Swathi Mutthina Male Haniye]]'' (2023) and ''[[Bachelor Party (2024 film)|Bachelor Party]]'' (2024). ''Swathi Mutthina Male Haniye'' won her the [[Filmfare Award for Best Actress – Kannada]].

==Filmography==
{{Pending films key}}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Year
! Title
! Role
! class="unsortable" |Notes
! class="unsortable" | {{Tooltip|Ref.|References}}
|-
| 2016
| ''[[Badmaash (2016 film)|Badmaash]]''
| Uncredited
| Cameo role
|<ref>{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/siri-ravikumar-says-that-with-a-firm-foothold-in-theatre-films-were-an-eventuality-for-her/articleshow/85895665.cms?from=mdr|title=Siri Ravikumar says that with a firm foothold in theatre, films were an eventuality for her|date=4 September 2021 |work=The Times of India}}</ref>
|-
| 2017 || ''Beti'' || Julekha || ||
|-
|2019
| ''[[Kavaludaari]]''
| Geetha Muttanna
|
|<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/reviews/kannada/2019/apr/12/kavaludaari-review-hemanth-m-raos-film-takes-perfect-decisions-at-every-junction-11019.html |title=kavaludaari-review-hemanth-m-raos-film-takes-perfect-decisions-at-every-junction |work=Cinema Express |date=12 Apr 2019}}</ref>
|-
|2021
|''Kyaabare''
| Arbeen Taj
|Web Series
|
|-
|rowspan="3"| 2022
| ''[[Sakutumba Sametha]]''
| Shraddha
|
|<ref>{{cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movie-reviews/a-simple-tale-with-its-soul-firmly-in-place/movie-review/91682273.cms?from=mdr |title=Sakutumba Sametha Movie Review : A simple tale with its soul firmly in place |work=The Times of India |date=20 May 2022}}</ref>
|-
| ''By Mistake''
| Mythri
| Web Series
|
|-
| ''[[Hope (2022 film)|Hope]]''
| Priya
|
|<ref>{{cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movie-reviews/hope/movie-review/92745705.cms?from=mdr |title=Hope Movie Review : Shwetha Srivatsav leads this tale with a solid performance |work=The Times of India |date=8 July 2022}}</ref>
|-
| 2023
| ''[[Swathi Mutthina Male Haniye]]''
| Prerana
|
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 January 2021 |url=https://thesouthfirst.com/entertainment/exclusive-i-thought-it-was-a-prank-when-i-was-offered-a-role-in-swathi-mutthina-male-haniye-says-siri-ravikumar/|title=I thought it was a prank when I was offered a role in 'Swathi Mutthina Male Haniye', says Siri Ravikumar |access-date=4 January 2024 |website=The South First |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="4" | 2024
|''[[Bachelor Party (2024 film)|Bachelor Party]]''
|Sandhya
|
|<ref>{{cite news |last1=Daithota|first1=Madhu|title=Exclusive: Siri Ravikumar has a blast with the bachelors |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/exclusive-siri-ravikumar-has-a-blast-with-the-bachelors/articleshow/94268504.cms?from=mdr |website=The Times of India |date=18 September 2022}}</ref>
|-
| ''Abracadabra''
|Sudha
| Released in film festival
|<ref>{{cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/siri-ravikumar-to-play-an-escort-in-her-next/articleshow/92827751.cms?from=mdr |title=Exclusive: Siri Ravikumar to play an escort in her next|work=The Times of India |date=13 July 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Kodur |first=Swaroop |date=2024-03-10 |title=Abracadabra review: A tender-hearted hyperlink drama set in Udupi |url=https://thefederal.com/film-reviews/abracadabra-review-a-tender-hearted-hyperlink-drama-set-in-udupi-113125 |access-date=2025-04-02 |website=thefederal.com |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|''[[O2 (Kannada film)|O2]]''
|Shrushti
|
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ashika Ranganath's medical thriller O2 gets a release date |url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/ashika-ranganaths-medical-thriller-o2-gets-a-release-date/6345f469ad267 |access-date=2024-04-01 |website=OTTPlay |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Bisi-Bisi Ice-Cream]]''
|The Mysterious Girl
|
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Aravind Iyer, Siri Ravikumar team up for Arvind Sastry's Bisi-Bisi Ice-Cream|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/kannada/2024/Jan/02/aravind-iyer-siri-ravikumar-team-up-for-arvind-sastrys-bisi-bisi-ice-cream-2646870.html |access-date=2024-01-02 |website=The New Indian Express |date=2 January 2024 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|2025
|''[[Shodha]]''
|
|Web Series
|<ref>{{Cite news |date=2025-08-20 |title="Shodha gave me the scope to go intense and truly perform," says, Pawan Kumar |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/web-series/news/kannada/shodha-gave-me-the-scope-to-go-intense-and-truly-perform-says-pawan-kumar/articleshow/123404178.cms |access-date=2025-08-28 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
|}

==Awards and nominations==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Year
! Award
! Category
! Film
! Result
! {{Tooltip|Ref.|References}}
|-
| rowspan="1"|2019
| [[9th South Indian International Movie Awards]]
| [[South Indian International Movie Awards#Award categories|Best Female Playback Singer - Kannada]]
| ''[[Arishadvarga]]''
| {{nom}}
|<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.thehansindia.com/cinema/tollywood/siima-nominations-here-is-the-complete-list-of-nominations-for-2019-and-2020-704128|title=SIIMA Nominations: Here Is The Complete List Of Nominations For 2019 And 2020|work=The Hans India |date=30 August 2021}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="1"|2024
| [[69th Filmfare Awards South|3 August 2024]]
| [[Filmfare Award for Best Actress – Kannada|Best Actress – Kannada]]
| ''[[Swathi Mutthina Male Haniye]]''
| {{won}}
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.filmfare.com/news/bollywood/nominations-for-filmfare-awards-kannada-2024-are-out-67265.amp |title=Nominations for the 69th Filmfare Awards (Kannada) 2024 |website=Filmfare |date=16 July 2024 |access-date=17 July 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.filmfare.com/news/bollywood/full-list-of-winners-of-69th-sobha-filmfare-awards-south-kannada-2024_-67630.html|title=Full list of Winners of the 69th SOBHA Filmfare Awards South (Kannada) 2024 |work=Filmfare |date=3 August 2024 |access-date=4 August 2024}}</ref>
|-
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb name|id=5662033|name=Siri Ravikumar}}
{{Filmfare Award for Best Actress – Kannada}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Siri Ravikumar}}
[[Category:Actresses from Bengaluru]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Actresses in Kannada cinema]]
[[Category:Indian film actresses]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian actresses]]
[[Category:Indian stage actresses]]
[[Category:Kannada-language playback singers]]
[[Category:Actresses in Kannada theatre]]
[[Category:Indian women playback singers]]
[[Category:Women musicians from Karnataka]]
[[Category:Indian radio presenters]]
[[Category:Models from Karnataka]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

Kunkavav Vadia Taluka

2026-01-13T06:06:25Z

Vivek.Dantkale: adding info

{{Short description|Taluka in Gujarat, India}}
{{Use dmy dates||date=November 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2023}}

{{Infobox settlement
| name = Kunkavav Vadia Taluka
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = [[List of talukas of Gujarat|Taluka]] of [[Gujarat]]
| seat_type = Headquarters
| seat = [[Wadia]]
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = 
| pushpin_label_position =
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Gujarat, India
| coordinates = {{coord|21.6995|70.9449|type:city|display=it}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Gujarat]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Amreli district|Amreli]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 99794
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes = <ref>{{Cite web |title=District wise Statistics {{!}} NITI Aayog, (National Institution for Transforming India), Government of India |url=http://164.100.94.191/niti/best-practices/district-wise-statistics |access-date=5 January 2023 |website=164.100.94.191}}</ref>
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]], [[Hindi language|Hindi]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = 
| postal_code =
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| area_code = +91-079
| registration_plate = GJ
| blank1_name_sec1 = [[Lok Sabha]] constituency
| blank1_info_sec1 =
| blank2_name_sec1 = Civic agency
| blank2_info_sec1 =
| website = {{Official URL}}
| footnotes =
| mapframe = yes
| mapframe-point = none
| map_caption =
| population_blank1 = 979 [[male|♂]]/[[female|♀]]
| population_blank1_title = [[Human sex ratio|Sex ratio]]
| population_blank2 = 76.84%
| population_blank2_title = Literacy
}}

'''Kunkavav Vadia Taluka''' is a geographical subdivision located in the [[Amreli district]] of the state of [[Gujarat, India]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-03-14 |title=Woman sarpanch in Gujarat asked to undergo DNA test to prove third child not hers |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/woman-sarpanch-in-gujarat-asked-to-undergo-dna-test-to-prove-third-child-not-hers/story-fiOqPytbCGTREQDl2avjEI.html |access-date=2023-11-14 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref> It is situated in the western part of the country and falls within the [[Saurashtra (region)|Saurashtra region]]. Wadia is the headquarters of the taluka.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Taluka {{!}} District Amreli, Government of Gujarat {{!}} India |url=https://amreli.nic.in/tehsil/ |access-date=29 August 2023 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name="gujarat">{{cite web|url=https://amrelidp.gujarat.gov.in/gu/taluka/Jafrabad/History|website=amrelidp.gujarat.gov.in|title=amrelidp.gujarat.gov.in/gu/taluka/Jafrabad/History|access-date=23 October 2023}}</ref>

== Demographics ==
According to 2011 Census, the Kunkavav Vadia Sub-District, has 20,808 households accommodating a population of 99,794 individuals. The demographic distribution includes 50,438 males and 49,356 females. The child population is recorded at 9,493, comprising 5,203 males and 4,290 females. Socially, the sub-district is composed of 13,487 individuals from Scheduled Castes (6,916 males and 6,571 females) and 956 individuals from Scheduled Tribes (497 males and 459 females). In terms of education, 69,385 individuals are reported as literate, with 38,016 males and 31,369 females, while 30,409 individuals are categorized as illiterate, including 12,422 males and 17,987 females. In the economic sphere, 50,121 individuals are engaged in various forms of work, with 31,233 males and 18,888 females. Conversely, 49,673 individuals fall under the non-worker category, comprising 19,205 males and 30,468 females.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Population in India |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/widgets/embed/PopulationSearch_PCA_Indicators |access-date=23 October 2023 |website=censusindia.gov.in}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{Official website|https://amrelidp.gujarat.gov.in/en/Home}}
* {{OSM relation|9659206}}
{{Subject bar|portal3=India|commons=yes|commons-search=|wikt=yes|d=yes|d-search=Q24232554}}{{Amreli district}}

{{coord missing|Gujarat}}

[[Category:Talukas of Gujarat]]
[[Category:Amreli district]]

{{Amreli-geo-stub}}

Manindra Gupta

2026-01-12T08:40:39Z

Vivek.Dantkale: creating new stub.

{{Short description|Indian Bengali poet, writer and painter (1926–2018)}}
{{Infobox writer
| name = Manindra Gupta
| alt =
| birth_date = {{Birth date |1926|09|24}}
| birth_place = [[Goila]], [[Backergunge District]], [[British Raj |British India]] (present day in [[Bangladesh]])
| death_date = {{Date of death and age|2018|01|31|1926|09|24}}
| death_place = [[Kolkata]], [[West Bengal]], [[India]]
| language = [[Bengali Language|Bengali]]
| education =
| period =
| awards = [[Rabindra Puraskar]] (2010) [[Sahitya Academy Award]] (2011)
| spouse = Chiru Chowdhury 
Debarati Mitra
| website =
| occupation = novelist
}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2024}}

'''Manindra Gupta''' ({{langx|bn|মনীন্দ্র গুপ্ত}}; 24 September 1926 – 31 January 2018)<ref name="parabaas">{{cite web |title=Mana-r Duniya o Ogadh Birah |url=https://www.parabaas.com/PB83/LEKHA/pRajdip83.shtml |access-date=8 December 2023}}</ref> was an Indian Bengali poet, essayist, novelist and painter. He received the [[Rabindra Puraskar]] from the [[Government of West Bengal]] in 2010 and the [[Sahitya Akademi Award]] in 2011 for his poetry collection ''Bane Aaj Concerto''.<ref name="SAA">{{cite press release |title=Poets Dominate Sahitya Akademi Awards 2011 |publisher=[[Sahitya Akademi]] |date=21 December 2011 |url=http://sahitya-akademi.gov.in/sahitya-akademi/pdf/award-2011.pdf |access-date=21 December 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120508031321/http://sahitya-akademi.gov.in/sahitya-akademi/pdf/award-2011.pdf |archive-date=8 May 2012 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=AKADEMI AWARDS (1955-2024)|url=https://sahitya-akademi.gov.in/awards/akademi%20samman_suchi.jsp#BENGALI|access-date=2025-06-19|work=Sahitya Akademi}}</ref>

== Early life ==
Manindra Gupta was born as Manindranath Dasgupta, in Gaila village , [[Barisal District]] (now in [[Bangladesh]]), in undivided [[Bengal Presidency|Bengal]] during [[British Raj|British India]]. He lost his mother at ten months old. After his paternal grandparents' deaths in 1933, he was raised in [[Silchar]], [[Barak Valley]], [[Assam]] at his maternal uncle's home. He completed school education in 1941 before moving to [[Kolkata]]. He joined the [[British Indian Army]] in 1943, received engineering training, and was posted at [[Lahore Cantonment]] until his service ended in 1946. He graduated from the [[University of Calcutta]] in 1956, then worked in the West Bengal Government's Industries Department until retiring in 1984.<ref name="scribd">{{cite web |title=Manindra Gupta |url=https://www.scribd.com/document/355413591/Manindra-Gupta |access-date=8 December 2023}}</ref>

His father, Nagendranath Dasgupta, was a highly influential Ayurveda physician from Gaila during his time. After his mother’s death, Manindra Gupta was raised by his stepmother, Shantilata Dasgupta. He also had a step-brother, Shailendranath Dasgupta.

== Literary career ==

His autobiographical trilogy ''Akshay Malberi'' (1981–2004), featuring his own illustrations, was critically acclaimed for its profound exploration of memory and identity.<ref name="roar">{{cite web |title=Review: Akshay Malberi |url=https://archive.roar.media/bangla/main/book-movie/review-of-akshay-malberi |access-date=8 December 2023 |publisher=Roar Media |language=Bangla}}</ref> His 1991 essay collection ''Chander Opith'' (The Far Side of the Moon) created significant literary impact.<ref name="scribd"/>

According to his Sahitya Akademi profile, Gupta's work is characterized by "a unique blend of visual artistry and poetic imagination" that creates "multilayered textual landscapes."<ref name="akademi">{{cite web |title=Manindra Gupta |url=https://sahitya-akademi.gov.in/library/meettheauthor/manindra_gupta.pdf |publisher=[[Sahitya Akademi]] |access-date=8 December 2023}}</ref>

=== Works ===

* ''Nuri Bandor'' (2015, ISBN 978-93-8073-241-1)<ref>{{Cite web|title=Arunava Sinha translates Manindra Gupta’s novella 'Nuri Bandor'|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/my-kolkata/lifestyle/arunava-sinha-translates-manindra-guptas-novella-nuri-bandor/cid/1865921|access-date=2025-06-19|date=2022-05-20|publisher=[[Telegraph India]]}}</ref>
* ''Akshay Malberi'' (3 volumes: 1981, 1998, 2004)<ref name="roar"/>
* ''Rong Kankar Ramkinkar'' (2014)<ref name="akademi"/>

== Awards and honours ==
* [[Bishnu Dey]] Memorial Award (2005)
* [[Rabindra Puraskar]] (2010) for ''Tung Tang Shabdo Nishshabdo''<ref name="SAA"/>
* [[Sahitya Akademi Award]] (2011) for ''Bane Aaj Concerto''<ref name="SAA"/>

== Personal life and death ==
Gupta married poet Debarati Mitra in 1975 after an earlier unsuccessful marriage with district Magistrate Chiru Chowdhury. He died in Kolkata on 31 January 2018 due to Pneumonia.<ref name="parabaas"/>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Sahitya Akademi Award}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Gupta, Manindra}}
[[Category:1926 births]]
[[Category:2018 deaths]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian poets]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian poets]]
[[Category:Indian male poets]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Sahitya Akademi Award in Bengali]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Rabindra Puraskar]]
[[Category:University of Calcutta alumni]]
[[Category:People from Goila]]
[[Category:Writers from Kolkata]]
[[Category:Indian essayists]]
[[Category:Indian male novelists]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian novelists]]
[[Category:Writers from Barisal District]]
[[Category:20th-century Bengali poets]]
[[Category:21st-century Bengali poets]]
[[Category:Bengali male poets]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian male writers]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian male writers]]

Shakti Rani Sharma

2026-01-05T13:22:09Z

Vivek.Dantkale: new a bio

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2025}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| office = Member of the [[Haryana Legislative Assembly]]
| constituency = [[Kalka Assembly constituency|Kalka]]
| term_start = 8 October 2024
| term_end =
| profession = Politician
| predecessor = [[Pardeep Chaudhary]]
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
}}
'''Shakti Rani Sharma''' is an Indian politician from Haryana. She is a [[Haryana Legislative Assembly|Member of the Haryana Legislative Assembly]] from [[2024 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|2024]], representing [[Kalka Assembly constituency]] as a Member of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-10-08 |title=Kalka, Haryana Assembly Election Results 2024 Highlights: BJP's Shakti Rani Sharma with 60612 defeats INC's Pardeep Chaudhary |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/assembly/story/kalka-haryana-assembly-election-results-2024-live-updates-aelb-2612747-2024-10-08 |access-date=2024-10-09 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-10-08 |title=Kalka FINAL Election Result 2024: Shakti Rani Sharma of BJP Wins by... |url=https://www.news18.com/elections/kalka-final-election-result-2024-9079439.html |access-date=2024-10-09 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="HT interview: Kalka BJP candidate Shakti Rana Sharma promises amenities, jobs">{{cite news |title=HT interview: Kalka BJP candidate Shakti Rana Sharma promises amenities, jobs |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/chandigarh-news/ht-interview-kalka-bjp-candidate-shakti-rana-sharma-promises-amenities-jobs-101725741017123.html |access-date=16 October 2024 |date=8 September 2024}}</ref><ref name="Who is Shakti Rani Sharma, Ambala’s 1st woman mayor, Manu Sharma’s mother & now a BJP member">{{cite news |title=Who is Shakti Rani Sharma, Ambala's 1st woman mayor, Manu Sharma's mother & now a BJP member |url=https://theprint.in/india/who-is-shakti-rani-sharma-ambalas-1st-woman-mayor-manu-sharmas-mother-now-a-bjp-member/2248722/ |access-date=16 October 2024 |date=2 September 2024}}</ref><ref name="A look at Haryana’s 40 first-time MLAs">{{cite news|title=A look at Haryana’s 40 first-time MLAs|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/chandigarh/haryana-first-time-mlas-9702131/|accessdate=4 July 2025|publisher=The Indian Express|date=2 December 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250704171938/https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/chandigarh/haryana-first-time-mlas-9702131/|archivedate=4 July 2025|language=en}}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[2024 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]]
* [[Haryana Legislative Assembly]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sharma, Shakti Rani}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Haryana MLAs 2024–2029]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Haryana]]
[[Category:Sharma family|Shakti Rani Sharma]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Women members of the Haryana Legislative Assembly]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian women politicians]]

{{Haryana-BJP-politician-stub}}

Ranakdevi (1973 film)

2025-12-29T01:18:46Z

Vivek.Dantkale: biography.

{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2023}}
{{for|1946 film|Ranakdevi (1946 film)}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Ranakdevi
| image = Ranakdevi (1973) film poster.jpg
| caption = Poster
| director = [[Babubhai Mistry]]
| producer = Champshibhai Nagda
| writer = Ramjibhai Vania (story, dialogue), Jitubhai Mehta (script)
| starring = {{plainlist|
* Tarla Mehta
* [[Upendra Trivedi]]
* [[Arvind Pandya]]
* [[Arvind Trivedi]]
}}
| music = [[Avinash Vyas]]
| cinematography = Vishnukumar Joshi
| editing = Thakore Desai
| studio = Chitrakala Mandir
| runtime = 138 minutes
| country = India
| language = Gujarati
| released = {{Film date|1973}}
| based_on = [[Ranakadevi]]
| distributor = Chitrabharati
| budget =
| gross =
}}
'''''Ranakdevi''''' is a 1973 Indian [[Gujarati cinema|Gujarati]] historical drama film directed by [[Babubhai Mistry]] starring Tarla Mehta, [[Upendra Trivedi]], [[Arvind Pandya]] and [[Arvind Trivedi]] in lead roles. The film was based on the legend of [[Ranakadevi]].

==Plot==
[[Jayasimha Siddharaja|Siddhraj Jaysinh]] is a [[Solanki dynasty|Solanki]] ruler of [[Patan, Gujarat|Patan]]. He was a childless and decided to conduct a worship of [[Shiva]] with his queens. [[Ranakadevi|Ranak]] is a daughter of Parmara of the [[Sindh]] and an adopted daughter of Hadmat Kumbhar of Majevadi village near [[Junagadh]]. Shrikanth Barot, his bard, arranges a mock marriage of Ranak with a sword of Jaysinh as he predict she will be a mother of his child. Before the mock marriage, Junagadh king [[Khengara (12th century king)|Khengar]] abducts Ranak to avenge his father Navghan. Jaysinh attacks Junagadh and won the battle with aid of Deshal and Vishal, nephews of Khengar. He returns to Patan with Ranak but on their way, at [[Wadhwan]] on the banks of river Bhogavo, she commits [[sati (practice)|sati]] by burning herself on the funeral pyre.<ref name=":0" />

==Cast==
The following actors were starred in the film:<ref name=":0" />
* Tarla Mehta
* [[Upendra Trivedi]]
* [[Arvind Pandya]]
* [[Arvind Trivedi]]
* [[Dina Pathak]]
* [[Jayshree T.]]
* Jayshree Parikh
* Jayant Vyas
* Samir Yagnik (child actor)

==Production==
The film is based on local folk legend of [[Ranakadevi]], a 12th century queen of [[Khengara (12th century king)|Khengara]], the [[Chudasama dynasty|Chudasama]] ruler of [[Saurashtra (region)|Saurashtra]] region of western India. In film, the historical events were mixed with folk legends. The film was directed by Babubhai Mistry.<ref name=":0" /><ref name="RajadhyakshaWillemen2014">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rF8ABAAAQBAJ&pg=PA1994-IA463|title=Encyclopedia of Indian Cinema|last1=Rajadhyaksha|first1=Ashish|last2=Willemen|first2=Paul|date=10 July 2014|publisher=Taylor & Francis|isbn=978-1-135-94325-7|pages=148, 237 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160515091131/https://books.google.com/books?id=rF8ABAAAQBAJ&pg=PA1994-IA463|archive-date=15 May 2016|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref> It was shot at [[Ambika Temple, Girnar]] and [[Girnar Jain temples]].

== Soundtrack ==
{{Infobox album
| name = Ranakdevi
| type = soundtrack
| artist = [[Avinash Vyas]]
| cover =
| alt =
| released = 1973
| recorded =
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = [[Feature film soundtrack]]
| length =
| language = [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]]
| label =
| producer =
| misc = 
}}
The songs were sung by [[Asha Bhosle]], [[Mahendra Kapoor]], [[Suman Kalyanpur]], Vani Jairam, Sulochana Vyas, Veljibhai Gajjar.
{{tracklist
| headline =Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| total_length =
|all_music= [[Avinash Vyas]]<ref name=":0" /><ref name="RajadhyakshaWillemen2014"/>
|all_lyrics=Avinash Vyas

| title1 = Hey Girivar Girnar, Tara Shikhar Ni Toch Kade
| extra1 =
| length1 =

| title2 = Panghat Pani Gaya'ta, Koini Najaru Lagi Amne, Maru Bedlu Khalikham
| extra2 =
| length2 =

| title3 = Oodhu To Chundadi Taru Oodhu, Range Ramo Koini Chundadi Kaari (Holi Geet)
| extra3 =
| length3 =

| title4 = Aaso Maso Sharad Poonam Ni Raat Jo, Chandaliyo Ugyo Re Sakhi Mara Chowkma
| extra4 =
| length4 =

| title5 = Gagan Ghor Thayu, Jone Aada Aave Vaadala
| extra5 =
| length5 =

| title6 = Bhajan Ma Bhang Padyo Re Mara Bhai, Achanak Jovai Gai Ek Bai
| extra6 =
| length6 =

| title7 = Jai Jai Jai Jagdishwar, Om Har Har Mahadev
| extra7 =
| length7 =
}}

==Release and reception==
The film was released in 1973. It was well received by the audience.<ref name=":0">{{cite web|title=રાણકદેવી|last=Raghuvanshi|first=Harish|language=gu|website=[[Gujarati Vishwakosh]]|url=https://gujarativishwakosh.org/%e0%aa%b0%e0%aa%be%e0%aa%a3%e0%aa%95%e0%aa%a6%e0%ab%87%e0%aa%b5%e0%ab%80/}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|0242810}}

[[Category:1973 films]]
[[Category:Films set in Gujarat]]
[[Category:Films shot in Mumbai]]
[[Category:Films shot in Gujarat]]
[[Category:Films based on Indian folklore]]
[[Category:Indian historical drama films]]
[[Category:1970s Gujarati-language films]]
[[Category:1973 drama films]]
[[Category:1970s historical drama films]]
[[Category:1973 Indian films]]

C Vijayakumar

2025-11-20T02:50:21Z

Vivek.Dantkale: New biography - done

{{Short description|Indian business executive (born 1967)}}{{Infobox person
| name = C VijayaKumar
| image = C Vijayakumar (1).jpg
| birth_place = [[Tamil Nadu]], [[India]]
| alma_mater = [[PSG College of Technology]] (B.Eng.) and [[Lawrence School, Lovedale]]
| occupation = [[Business executive]]
| known_for = Chief Executive Officer and Managing Director, [[HCLTech]]
| website = {{URL |https://www.hcltech.com/leadership#c-vijayakumar }}
}}

'''C Vijayakumar''' is an Indian [[business executive]] who is the [[Chief executive officer|CEO]] and Managing Director of multinational technology company [[HCLTech]]. He was appointed the company’s CEO in October 2016 and its Managing Director in July 2021.<ref name="auto2">{{cite web|url=https://www.hcltech.com/about-us/leadership/c-vijayakumar|title=C Vijayakumar | HCL Technologies|website=www.hcltech.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hcltech.com/about-us/about-hcl-technologies|title=HCL TECHNOLOGIES: AN INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGY SOLUTION ENTERPRISE {{!}} HCL Technologies|website=www.hcltech.com|access-date=2016-11-24}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=HCL Technologies Appoints C Vijayakumar as Chief Executive Officer |date=24 October 2016 |url=https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20161024005870/en/HCL-Technologies-Appoints-C-Vijayakumar-as-Chief-Executive-Officer}}</ref>

== Early life and education==
Vijayakumar was born in Coimbatore in [[Tamil Nadu]], [[India]] and did his schooling from ‘[[Lawrence School, Lovedale|The Lawrence School’ in Lovedale]], Ooty and Thambu Higher Secondary School, Government Press Colony, Coimbatore. He is a graduate in Electrical & Electronics Engineering from [[PSG College of Technology|P.S.G. College of Technology]], Tamil Nadu, India and currently resides in [[New Jersey]] in the USA.<ref>{{cite web |title=Vijay Vijayakumar, Hcl Technologies Ltd: Profile and Biography |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/profile/person/18657144 |website=Bloomberg.com}}</ref><ref>{{Citation |title=C Vijayakumar SUM 86 for OL Nation 17 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vB9pQeM7BkA |language=en |access-date=2021-11-22}}</ref>

==Career ==
C Vijayakumar joined [[HCLTech]] in 1994 in the founding [[Startup company|startup]] team of Comnet as a senior technical engineer. He was appointed the company's [[chief operating officer]] in July 2016<ref>{{Cite news |title=HCL Technologies Appoints C Vijayakumar as Chief Executive Officer |url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/info-tech/hcl-tech-appoints-coo/article8860146.ece |date=January 17, 2018 |publisher=The Hindu Business Line}}</ref> and in October that same year was promoted to be the CEO, succeeding [[Anant Gupta]].

Prior to becoming COO of the company, he was the President of HCL's [[Information technology management|infrastructure services]] business.

== Recognition ==
*Vijayakumar was rated by ''[[Business Today (India)|Business Today]]'' as the Best CEO of the Year, 2020 in IT/ITES Industry.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.businesstoday.in/mindrush/mindrush-2021/story/bt-mindrush-2021-here-are-the-winners-of-indias-best-ceos-285281-2021-01-23 | title=BT MindRush 2021: Here are the winners of 'India's Best CEOs' | date=23 January 2021 }}</ref>
*He was included in the list of Top 10 Disruptive CEOs by industry analyst group, HfS.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.weforum.org/agenda/authors/c-vijayakumar | title=C. Vijayakumar - Agenda Contributor }}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[Shiv Nadar]] founder of HCLTech

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Vijayakumar, C}}
[[Category:Indian chief executives]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1967 births]]
[[Category:American chief executives in technology]]

Kargal, Karnataka

2025-11-15T02:27:44Z

Vivek.Dantkale: adding a article

{{Use Indian English|date=December 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2014}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Kargal
| official_name = Jog-Kargal
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Town
| image_skyline = Jog Falls 05092016.jpg
| image_alt =
| image_caption = Panaromic view of Jog Falls from outskirts of Kargal
| pushpin_map = India Karnataka
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Karnataka, India
| coordinates = {{coord|14|11|23|N|74|48|50|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Karnataka]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Shivamogga district|Shimoga]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 10,847
| population_as_of =
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Kannada]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 577421
| registration_plate =
| blank1_name_sec1 =
| blank1_info_sec1 =
| website = {{URL|http://www.jogkargaltown.mrc.gov.in/en}}
| footnotes =
}}
'''Kargal''' also known as '''Jog-Kargal''' is a town in the Indian state of [[Karnataka]], It is known for its proximity to [[Jog Falls]] which is situated on the outskirts of the town, The town is located on the banks of [[Sharavati|River Sharavati]] and gained importance after the construction of [[Linganamakki Dam]] in the year 1954. Kargal was first constituted as notified area and later upgraded as Kargal Town Panchayat on 2001. Kargal have a population of 10,847 people.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kargal town panchayat |url=http://www.jogkargaltown.mrc.gov.in/en/about-tp}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://citypopulation.info/php/india-karnataka.php?cityid=2941501000|title=Jog Kargal (Shimoga, Karnataka, India) - Population Statistics, Charts, Map, Location, Weather and Web Information|website=citypopulation.info|access-date=2020-01-15}}</ref>
<ref name="Bangalore Mirror - 1 October 2011 - How Jog Falls got to the bottom of the Atlantic Ocean">{{cite news |title=How Jog Falls got to the bottom of the Atlantic Ocean |url=https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/bangalore/others/how-jog-falls-got-to-the-bottom-of-the-atlantic-ocean/articleshow/21506931.cms |access-date=9 February 2023 |work=[[Bangalore Mirror]] |date=1 October 2011}}</ref>

==Demographics==
Kargal Town Panchayat has population of 10,847 of which 5,374 are males while 5,473 are females as per report released by Census India 2011.
The population of children aged 0-6 is 1068 which is 9.85% of total population of Jog Kargal (TP). In Jog Kargal Town Panchayat, the female sex ratio is 1018 against state average of 973. Moreover the child sex ratio in Jog Kargal is around 942 compared to Karnataka state average of 948. The literacy rate of Jog Kargal city is 86.15% higher than the state average of 75.36%. In Jog Kargal, male literacy is around 91.38% while the female literacy rate is 81.07%.<ref>{{Cite web |first= |title=Kargal town panchayat |url=http://www.jogkargaltown.mrc.gov.in/en/about-tp}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Cities and towns in Shimoga district]]

Suresh Kumar (government official)

2025-10-30T06:00:43Z

Vivek.Dantkale:

{{short description|American government official}}
{{Multiple issues|{{Notability|date=February 2022}}}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=September 2019}}

{{Infobox person
| name = Suresh Kumar
| birth_date = {{Birth month and age|1955|02}}
| birth_place = [[Secunderabad]], India
| education = [[Delhi University]] (B.A. in Economics), Jamnalal Bajaj Institute of Management Studies ([[Master of Business Administration|MBA]]), Thunderbird International Consortium Program
| occupation = Trade official, [[news anchor]]
| known_for = Assistant Commerce Secretary for Trade Promotion, Director-General of the U.S. Foreign Commercial Service by President [[Barack Obama]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.commerce.gov/news/press-releases/2010/02/12/suresh-kumar-confirmed-assistant-commerce-secretary-and-director-gene|title=Suresh Kumar Confirmed as Assistant Commerce Secretary and Director General of the U.S. Foreign Commercial Service|date=February 12, 2010}}</ref>
}}

'''Suresh Kumar''' is an American government official and business leader. Born in February 1955 in Secunderbard, [[India]], he spent his early years in [[Delhi]], where he attended [[St. Columba's School, Delhi|St. Columba's School]]. He earned a bachelor's degree in Economics from [[Delhi University]] and an MBA from the [[Jamnalal Bajaj Institute of Management Studies]]. Kumar began his career as a news and sports anchor on national television in India from 1970 to 1985.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the-press-office/president-obama-announces-more-key-administration-posts-5|title=President Obama Announces More Key Administration Posts|date=October 29, 2009|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170216173725/https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the-press-office/president-obama-announces-more-key-administration-posts-5|archive-date=February 16, 2017|via=[[NARA|National Archives]]|work=[[whitehouse.gov]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Spotlight on Commerce: Suresh Kumar, Assistant Secretary for Trade Promotion and Director General for the U.S. and Foreign Commercial Service {{!}} Department of Commerce |url=https://2010-2014.commerce.gov/blog/2011/05/18/spotlight-commerce-suresh-kumar-assistant-secretary-trade-promotion-and-director-gen.html?utm_source=chatgpt.com |access-date=2025-01-19 |website=2010-2014.commerce.gov}}</ref>

== Career ==
In the private sector, Kumar served on the Group Operating Committee at [[Johnson & Johnson]] and as Vice President of Consumer Products for Latin America at [[Warner–Lambert|Warner Lambert]] [[Pfizer]]. He also founded KaiZen Innovation, a management consulting firm, and served as a special advisor to the [[Clinton Foundation]], working on economic development projects in [[Sub-Saharan Africa]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Locke Statement on President Obama's Intent to Nominate Suresh Kumar as U.S. and Foreign Commercial Service Director General {{!}} Department of Commerce |url=https://2010-2014.commerce.gov/news/press-releases/2009/11/03/locke-statement-president-obamas-intent-nominate-suresh-kumar-us-and-.html |access-date=2025-01-19 |website=2010-2014.commerce.gov}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kumar, Suresh}}
[[Category:Delhi University alumni]]
[[Category:St. Columba's School, Delhi alumni]]
[[Category:People from Hyderabad district, India]]
[[Category:Indian emigrants to the United States]]
[[Category:1955 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:American businesspeople]]
[[Category:American people of Telugu descent]]

Ghar

2025-10-16T03:41:01Z

Vivek.Dantkale:

{{wikt|ghar|घर}}
'''Ghar''' or '''GHAR''' may refer to:
* [[Ghar (1978 film)|''Ghar'' (1978 film)]], a Bollywood film starring Vinod Mehra
* [[Ghar (2019 film)]], a Nepali horror film
* "Ghar", a song by Anurag Saikia, Varun Jain and Romy from the 2025 Indian film [[The Diplomat (2025 film)|''The Diplomat'']]
* [[Ghar, Iran]], a village in Razavi Khorasan Province, Iran
* [[Ghar, Gurdaspur]], a village in Gurdaspur district of Punjab State, India
* [[Ghar al Milh]], a coastal town and former port in northeastern Tunisia
* [[Għar Dalam]], a prehistorical cul de sac located on the outskirts of Birżebbuġa, Malta
* [[Ghar al Milh]], a coastal town and former port in northeastern Tunisia
* [[Għar Dalam]], a prehistorical cul de sac located on the outskirts of Birżebbuġa, Malta
* ''[[Grab Hands and Run]]'', a 1995 novel by Frances Temple
* ''[[Ghar Banduk Biryani]]'', a 2023 Indian comedy film by Hemant Jangal Awtade

==See also==
*[[Ghara (disambiguation)]]
*[[Ghar Ek Mandir (disambiguation)]]
*[[Ghar Ki Izzat (disambiguation)]]
*[[Ghar Jamai (disambiguation)]]
*[[Ghanta Ghar (disambiguation)]]
*[[Hamara Ghar (disambiguation)]]
*''[[Aaj Ka Ye Ghar]]'' ({{Lit|Modern Home}}), a 1976 Indian film
{{disambig|geo}}

Shevam Singh

2025-10-13T07:31:53Z

Vivek.Dantkale: new bio

{{short description|Indian model}}
{{notability|1=Biographies|date=August 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2025}}
{{Infobox pageant titleholder
| name = Shevam Singh
| image =
| caption =
| birth_place = [[Patna]], [[Bihar]], India
| birth_name =
| birth_date =
| height = {{height|m=1.88}}
| occupation = {{hlist|Model|Entrepreneur}}
| title = Mister India World 2025
| competitions = [[Mr India 2025 (Season 2)|Mister India 2025]] (Winner) Mister World 2026 (TBA)
| alma_mater =
| years_active =
}}
'''Shevam Singh''' is an Indian model, entrepreneur and beauty pageant titleholder who was crowned [[Mr India 2025 (Season 2)|Mister India World 2025]] at the [[Mr India 2025 (Season 2)]] pageant, held on 21 August 2025 in [[Mumbai]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.femina.in/beauty-pageants/mr-india/a-night-of-glamour-grit-and-glory-mr-india-2025-season-2-announces-winners/articleshow/152503853.cms | title=A Night of Glamour, Grit, and Glory: Mr India 2025 Season 2 Announces Winners | publisher=[[Femina (India)|Femina]] | date=22 August 2025 | accessdate=22 August 2025}}</ref> He is set to represent India at the upcoming Mister World competition.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.filmfare.com/news/bollywood/shevam-singh-bags-the-mr-india-world-2025-title-76951.html | title=Shevam Singh Bags The Mr India World 2025 Title | publisher=[[Filmfare]] | date=22 August 2025 | accessdate=22 August 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.timesnownews.com/lifestyle/fashion/bihars-shevam-singh-wins-mr-india-world-2025-article-152503816 | title=Mr India 2025 Season 2 Announces Its Winners in a Glittering Finale in Mumbai | publisher=[[Times Now]] | work=Namya Sinha | date=22 August 2025 | accessdate=22 August 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/htcity/cinema/mr-india-world-shevam-singh-shares-how-he-manifested-his-win-three-years-ago-on-the-miss-india-stage-101756617479810.html | title=Mr India World Shevam Singh shares how he 'manifested' his win three years ago on the Miss India stage | publisher=[[Hindustan Times]] | work=Akash Bhatnagar | date=31 August 2025 | accessdate=5 September 2025}}</ref>

== Pageantry ==
=== Mister India 2025 ===
On 11 August 2025, Shevam was announced as one of the Top 100 contestants of Mister India 2025.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.femina.in/beauty-pageants/mr-india/meet-the-top-100-the-faces-of-mr-india-2025-season-2/meet-the-top-100-of-mr-india-2025-season-2-the-journey-has-just-begun/eventshow/152452101.cms | title=Meet the Top 100: The Faces of Mr India 2025 Season 2 | publisher=[[Femina (India)|Femina]] | date=12 August 2025 | accessdate=22 August 2025}}</ref> Following the final auditions held in Mumbai on 13 August 2025, he advanced to the Top 22 finalists. At the grand finale, held at One8 Commune in [[Juhu]], Mumbai, on 21 August 2025, Shevam was crowned Mister India World 2025 by his predecessor, [[Gokul Ganesan]]. During the competition, he was also among the Top 5 finalists for the Mr Top Model subtitle award.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.femina.in/beauty-pageants/mr-india/the-ramp-belonged-to-them-mr-top-model-sub-contest-at-mr-india-2025-season-2/eventshow/152494788.cms | title=The Ramp Belonged to Them: Mr Top Model Sub Contest at Mr India 2025 Season 2 | publisher=[[Femina (India)|Femina]] | date=21 August 2025 | accessdate=22 August 2025}}</ref>

=== Mister World 2026 ===
Shevam is set to represent India at the Mister World 2026 competition, scheduled to be held in early 2026.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.zoomtventertainment.com/lifestyle/mr-india-world-2025-bihars-shevam-singh-wins-the-title-article-152503871 | title=Mr India World 2025: Bihar's Shevam Singh Wins The Title | publisher=[[Zoom (Indian TV channel)|Zoom TV]] | work=Sonal Verma | date=22 August 2025 | accessdate=22 August 2025}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist|2}}

==External links==
* {{Instagram|id=iamshevamsingh__29}}

{{S-start}}
{{S-ach}}
{{S-bef|before=[[Gokul Ganesan]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Mister India World]]
|years=[[Mr India 2025 (Season 2)|2025]]}}
{{S-aft|after=Incumbent}}
{{S-end}}

{{authority control}}
{{Mister India (beauty pageant)}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Singh, Shevam}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian male models]]
[[Category:People from Bihar]]
[[Category:Indian beauty pageant winners]]
[[Category:Male beauty pageant winners]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

List of songs recorded by Kavita Krishnamurti in South Indian languages

2025-10-12T06:52:16Z

Vivek.Dantkale: creating new entry.

{{Short description|none}}
{{no footnotes|date=May 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2022}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2014}}
The following is the list of songs recorded by singer [[Kavita Krishnamurthy]] in South-Indian languages such as [[Kannada]], [[Tamil language|Tamil]], [[Telugu language|Telugu]] and [[Malayalam]].

==Kannada songs==
Kavita started her singing career from the [[Kannada film industry]]. Kavita made her Kannada debut through the film "Ondanondu Kaladalli" in 1978. She also created an impact in the mind of audiences in [[Karnataka]] with her soul-stirring voice, which she has rendered in many blockbuster films like ''[[H2O (2002 film)|H2O]]'', ''[[Deadly Soma]]'' and ''[[Raja Huli]]''. She has worked with notable composers like [[Gurukiran]], [[Sadhu Kokila]], [[Rajesh Ramanath]] and [[Hamsalekha]].

===Film songs===
{|class="wikitable"
! Year !! Song !! Film !! Music director !! Co-singer(s)
|-
| 1978 || "Ondanondu Kaladaga" || [[Ondanondu Kaladalli|''Ondanondu Kaladalli'']]||[[Bhaskar Chandavarkar]] || Solo
|-
| rowspan="3" | 2000 || "O Malle O Dumbi" ||''Naga Devathe''|| rowspan="4" | [[Hamsalekha]] ||Solo
|-
|| "Bareyada Mounada Kavithe" ||rowspan="2"|[[Sparsha (film)|''Sparsha'']]|| [[Pankaj Udhas]], [[Archana Udupa]]
|-
|| "Kanasali Kaaduva Hudugi" || [[Sonu Nigam]]
|-
| 2001 || "Yavvi Yavvi" ||[[Baava Baamaida|''Baava Baamaida'']]||[[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|-
| rowspan="3"|2002|| "O Harusha" || [[Gurukiran|''Love You'']]|| rowspan="2" |[[Gurukiran]] || [[Shankar Mahadevan]]
|-
| "Kaathura Manapoora" ||[[Thuntata (film)|''Thuntata'']]||[[Udit Narayan]]
|-
| "Hoove Hoove" ||[[H2O (2002 film)|''H2O'']]|| rowspan="2" |[[Sadhu Kokila]] || rowspan="2"|Solo
|-
| rowspan="8"| 2003 || "Jo Laali" ||[[Laali Haadu|''Laali Haadu'']]
|-
| "Prema Bana" ||[[Gurukiran|''Shriram'']]||[[Gurukiran]] || [[Suresh Wadkar]]
|-
| "Kogile Kuhu Kuhu" ||rowspan=2|[[List of Kannada films of 2003|''Badri'']]|| rowspan="2" |[[Rajesh Ramanath]] || Solo
|-
| "Bannada Lokada hoovugale" || [[Rajesh Krishnan]]
|-
| "Endo Kanda Kanasu" ||[[Lankesh Patrike|''Lankesh Patrike'']]|| rowspan="3" | Babji-Sandeep || [[Rajesh Krishnan]]
|-
| "Idu yaavudu yaavudu" || rowspan="2"|[[List of Kannada films of 2003|''Vijaya Simha'']]|| rowspan="2" |[[Hariharan (singer)|Hariharan]]
|-
| "Oho Priyatama"
|-
|"Hrudayada Olage" ||[[Kariya (film)|''Kariya'']]|| rowspan="2" |[[Gurukiran]] || [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|-
| rowspan="4"| 2004 || "Bhalo Bhashi Bengalili" ||[[Omkara (2004 film)|''Omkara'']]||[[Hariharan (singer)|Hariharan]]
|-
| "Nanna Beladingalu" ||[[Joke Falls|''Joke Falls'']]||[[Mano Murthy]] ||rowspan="3"| Solo
|-
| "Bala Gopalana" || rowspan="2"|[[Kadamba (2004 film)|''Kadamba'']]|| rowspan="2" |[[Deva (composer)|Deva]]
|-
| "Yelle Irali Hege Irali"
|-
| rowspan="3"|2005 || "Hey Hasivendarenu" ||[[Deadly Soma|''Deadly Soma'']]||[[Sadhu Kokila]] || [[Unni Krishnan]]
|-
| "Allola Kallola" ||[[Namma Basava|''Namma Basava'']]|| colspan="2" |[[Gurukiran]]
|-
| "Elli cheluvide" ||[[Vinayak Joshi|''Nanna Kanasina Hoove'']]|| N. S. Prasad || Solo
|-
| rowspan="3"| 2006 || "Ranga Ranga" ||[[Mohini 9886788888|''Mohini 9886788888'']]||[[Hamsalekha]] || [[Udit Narayan]]
|-
| "Artha Madkolo" ||[[Rangayana Raghu|''Sishya'']]|| V. Nagendra Prasad || Solo
|-
| "Love Moodinalli" ||[[Miss California (film)|''Miss California'']]|| Ravi Dattatreya || Ram Prasad
|-
| 2009 || "Preethiya Baa Nee Nanagagi" || ''Black''|| C. R. Bobby || Solo
|-
| rowspan="2"|2011 || "Chaitrada Maasavu" || ''[[Taare]] '' || colspan="2" | C. R. Bobby
|-
|"Usirane Neene" || ''Hero Naanalla''|| Raju Upendrakumar || rowspan="2" | Solo
|-
| 2013 || "Kaveri Kaveri" ||[[Raja Huli|''Raja Huli'']]||[[Hamsalekha]]
|-
| 2016 || "Guruvandane" ||[[Nanna Ninna Prema Kathe|''Nanna Ninna Prema Kathe'']]|| Shivu Jamkhandi || Solo
|-
|}

===Non-film Kannada songs===
Kavita has recorded [[Purandara Dasa]]'s classical Kannada songs in [[Carnatic music|Karnataka Sangeetha]] style.
{|class="wikitable"
! Year !! Song !! Album !! Music director !! Co-singer(s)
|-
| rowspan="3"|2004 || "Thoogire Rangana" ||rowspan="3"|'''Krishna Nee Begane Baaro''' ||rowspan="3"|Jayashree Aravind ||rowspan="3"|Solo
|-
|"Koosanu Kandeera"
|-
|"Ena Maadalo"
|-
|rowspan="8"|2015
|"Kanda Haalu Kudiyo"
|rowspan="8"|'''Indu Engage Govinda'''
|rowspan="8"|Shrinivas Avinash
|rowspan="8"|Solo
|-
|"Aavanam Poojisali"
|-
|"Higguvi Yaathako"
|-
|"Kelano Hari Thaalano"
|-
|"Baaro Namma Manege"
|-
|"Ninna Nodi Dhanyanadenu"
|-
|"Indu Enage Shri Govinda"
|-
|"Gajavadana Beduve"
|-
|}

==Tamil songs==
;Film songs
Kavita made her Tamil debut through the film "[[Ulagam Pirandhadhu Enakkaga]]" in the year 1990. She worked with notable composers like illaiyaraja, A.R. Rahman, Deva, Harris jeyaraj, Dhina.
{|class="wikitable"
! Year
!Movie!! Song title !! Music director !! Co-singers
|-
| 1990
!''[[Ulagam Pirandhadhu Enakkaga]]''
| "Adada Vayasupulla" ||[[R. D. Burman]] || [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|-
| 1993
![[Uzhaippali|''Uzhaipaali'']]
| "Muthirai Ippodhu" || [[Ilaiyaraja]] || S. P. Balasubrahmanyam
|-
| 1994
!'''[[Veera Padhakkam]]'''
| "Indha Maanai" || [[Deva (composer)|Deva]] || Solo
|-
| rowspan="4"|1995
! rowspan="3" |''[[Ragasiya Police]]''
| "Yen Yen" || rowspan="3" |[[Laxmikant–Pyarelal]] || S. P. Balasubrahmanyam
|-
| "Manmadhan" || [[K. S. Chithra]]
|-
| "Echangatru" || Solo
|-
![[Rangeela (1995 film)|''Rangeela'']]
| "Kadhale" ||[[A. R. Rahman]] || [[Unni Krishnan]]
|-
| rowspan="2"| 1997
!''[[Devathai]]''
| "Naal Thorum" || colspan="2" |[[Ilaiyaraja]]
|-
![[Sakthi (1997 film)|''Sakthi'']]
| "Sakthi Sakthi" || R. Anandh || Solo
|-
| rowspan="3" | 1999
![[Taal (film)|''Taalam'']]
| "Kadhal Illamale"
| rowspan="4" |[[A. R. Rahman]]
|
|-
!''[[Mudhalvan]]''
| "Uppu Karuvaadu" ||[[Shankar Mahadevan]]
|-
!''[[Kadhalar Dhinam]]''
| "Daandiyaa Aattamumaada" ||[[Unni Menon]], [[M. G. Sreekumar]]
|-
| 2000
![[Rhythm (2000 film)|''Rhythm'']]
| "Kaatre En Vaasal" ||[[Unni Krishnan]]
|-
| rowspan="3"|2001
!''[[Majunu]]''
| "Pada Pada Pattamboochi" ||[[Harris Jayaraj]] || [[Shankar Mahadevan]]
|-
!''[[Ashoka]]''
| "Adiye Aatthi"||[[Anu Malik]] || [[Shaan (singer)|Shaan]]
|-
![[Shahjahan (film)|''Shahjahan'']]
| "Achacho Punnagai" || rowspan="2" |[[Mani Sharma]] || [[Udit Narayan]]
|-
| 2002
!''[[Alaudin]]''
| "Yendi Yennai" ||[[Ranjith (singer)|Ranjith]]
|-
| 2011
!''[[Seedan]]''
| "Yaadhumaagiye" ||[[Dhina]] || [[Shankar Mahadevan]]
|}
;Serial songs
{|class="wikitable"
! Year
!Film!! Song title !! Music director !! Co-singers
|-
|2001
!''Alaigal'' ||"Sutrum Bhoomi"||Dhina||Palakkad Sreeam
|-
|}

==Telugu songs==
She often worked with [[Mani Sharma]] and has rendered her voice to actresses like [[Aishwarya Rai]], [[Simran Bagga]] and [[Trisha Krishnan]].
{|class="wikitable"
! Year
!Movie!! Song title !! Music director !! Co-singers
|-
| rowspan="3" |1990
! rowspan="3" |''[[Neti Siddhartha]]''
| "Nuvve Katha" || rowspan="3" |[[Laxmikant–Pyarelal]] || rowspan="3" |[[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|-
| "Prema Katha"
|-
| "Chumma Kotti"
|-
|1991
!''[[Brahmarshi Vishwamitra]]''
|"Ee Chinnadi Muddula"
|[[Ravindra Jain]]
|[[P. Susheela]]
|-
| 1992
!''[[Antham]]''
| "Oohalevo Regey" ||[[R. D. Burman]] || [[Mano (singer)|Mano]]
|-
| 1995
![[Rangeela (1995 film)|''Rangeli'']]
| "Emito Emo Ee Prema" ||[[A. R. Rahman]] || [[Hariharan (singer)|Hariharan]]
|-
| rowspan="2" |1996
! rowspan="2" |''Tata Manavadu''
|"Magamasam Muhurtham"
| rowspan="2" | [[Madhavapeddi Suresh]]
| rowspan="2" |[[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|-
| "Nee Cheera Kattudu"
|-
| 1998
!''[[Choodalani Vundi]]''
| "Oh Mariya Oh Mariya" ||[[Mani Sharma]] || [[Shankar Mahadevan]]
|-
| rowspan="5" |1999
!''[[Sneham Kosam]]''
|"Kaikaluri Kannepilla"
|[[S. A. Rajkumar]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Udit Narayan]]
|-
!''[[Raja Kumarudu]]''
|"Godari Gattupaina"
| rowspan="2" |[[Mani Sharma]]
|-
!''[[Ravoyi Chandamama]]''
| "Love To Live" ||[[Sonu Nigam]]
|-
![[Kadhalar Dhinam|''Premikula Roju'']]
| "Dhaandiya"
| rowspan="3" |[[A. R. Rahman]]||[[Unni Menon]], [[M. G. Sreekumar]]
|-
![[Mudhalvan|''Oke Okkadu'']]
|"Uttimeeda Koodu"
|[[Shankar Mahadevan]]
|-
| rowspan="2" |2000
![[Rhythm (2000 film)|''Rhythm'']]
|"Gaale Naa Vakitakoche" ||[[P. Unnikrishnan]]
|-
![[Jayam Manadera|''Jayam Manade Raa'']]
| "Pelliki Baja" || rowspan="2" |[[Vandemataram Srinivas]]||[[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|-
| rowspan="10" |2001
![[Bhadrachalam (film)|''Bhadrachalam'']]
|"Cheneta Cheera Katti"
|[[Jaspinder Narula]]
|-
! rowspan="2" |[[Daddy (2001 film)|''Daddy'']]
| "Mandara Buggaloki" || rowspan="2" |[[S. A. Rajkumar]] || [[Udit Narayan]]
|-
| "Patta Pakkinti" || [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]], [[Anuradha Sriram]]
|-
!''[[Prematho Raa]]''
| "Babu Bathayi" || rowspan="4" |[[Mani Sharma]] || rowspan="2"| [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|-
!''[[Bhalevadivi Basu]]''
| "Kukuku Ante"
|-
!''[[Narasimha Naidu]]''
| "Ninne Kuttesinaadi" ||[[Hariharan (singer)|Hariharan]]
|-
![[Kushi (2001 film)|''Kushi'']]
| "Ammaye" || rowspan="2" |[[Udit Narayan]]
|-
!''Chirujallu''
| "Kalallo Nuvve" || rowspan="2" |[[Vandemataram Srinivas]]
|-
!''[[Tholi Valapu]]''
| "Nandanam Vandanam" ||[[Kumar Sanu]]
|-
!''[[Subbu]]''
| "Naa Kosame" ||[[Mani Sharma]] || [[M. M. Keeravani]]
|-
| rowspan="4"| 2002
!''[[Holi (2002 film)|Holi]]''
| "Aadapillalu Are Ledipillalu" ||[[R. P. Patnaik]] || [[KK (singer)|Kay Kay]]
|-
!''[[Seema Simham]]''
| "Koka Raika" ||[[Mani Sharma]] || [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|-
!''Priyanesthama''
| "Vennelalo Thiragali" || [[Bharani (composer)|Bharani]] || [[Sonu Nigam]]
|-
!''[[Neethone Vuntanu|Neethone Untaanu]]''
| "Handsome" ||[[Vandemataram Srinivas]] || Solo
|-
| rowspan="2"| 2003
! rowspan="2" |[[Vishnu (2003 film)|''Vishnu'']]
| "Okasaari" || rowspan="2" |[[Ismail Darbar]] || [[Udit Narayan]]
|-
| "Nelluri Nerajana" || [[KK (singer)|Kay Kay]]
|-
| rowspan="3" | 2004
!''[[Intlo Srimathi Veedhilo Kumari]]''
| "Bhama Neetho" || Ghantadi Krishna || [[Udit Narayan]]
|-
!''Sunday''
|"Gundela Maatuna"
|Sri Sunil Dharma
|[[Kumar Sanu]]
|-
!''Valliddaru Okkate''
| "O Priya" ||[[Vandemataram Srinivas]]
|[[Udit Narayan]]
|-
| rowspan="3"| 2005
!''[[Athadu]]''
| "Pilichina" ||[[Mani Sharma]] ||[[Karthik (singer)|Karthik]]
|-
![[Soggadu (2005 film)|''Soggadu'']]
| "Kokkorokko" ||[[Chakri (music director)|Chakri]] || [[Tippu (singer)|Tippu]]
|-
!''Ekkadikelthundo Manasu''
| "Missu Kavala" || Rajdeep || Chorus
|-
| 2006
!''[[Sainikudu]]''
| "Maayera" ||[[Harris Jayaraj]] || [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]], [[Unni Krishnan]]
|-
|2013
!''[[Jagadguru Adi Shankara]]''
|"Kamadeva"
|Nag Sri vatsav
|[[Srinivas (singer)|Srinivas]]
|}

==Malayalam songs==
{| class="wikitable"
! Year !! Song title !! Movie !! Music director !! Co-singers
|-
| rowspan="5"| 2004 || "Adimaha Manasin" || rowspan="5"|'''[[Ee Snehatheerathu]]'''|| rowspan="5" |[[L. Subramaniam]] || rowspan="2"| [[M. G. Sreekumar]]
|-'
| "Siva Siva"
|-
| "Sada Manathil Vaazhum" || rowspan="2"| Solo
|-
| "Udhayarkka Kiranangal"
|}

== Bengali songs ==
{| class="wikitable"
|+
|-
! Year
!Film
!Song
!Composer(s)
!Co-artist(s)
|-
|1988
!''Surer Akashe''
|"Hothat Amay Fele"
|Sapan Chakraborty
|
|-
| rowspan="11" |1989
![[Amar Prem (1989 film)|''Amar Prem'']]
|"Na Ar Amake"
| rowspan="3" |[[Bappi Lahiri]]
|
|-
!''[[Aamar Tumi]]''
|"Bhalo Bashi"
|Amit Kumar
|-
!''[[Asha O Bhalobasha]]''
|"O Pahar"(Female)
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |''Bidhira Bidhan''
|"Bou Shudu Dhei"
| rowspan="2" |Akshaya Mohanty
|
|-
|"Maa Tomar Sinthi"
|Chandrani Mukherjee
|-
!''[[Chokher Aloy]]''
|"Oi Shono"(Female)
|[[Bappi Lahiri]]
|
|-
!''Mandanda''
|"Ektu Porei Ei Ratri Seshe"
|Sapan Chakraborty
|Amit Kumar
|-
!''Maryada''
|"Pathe Jete Jete"
|Babul Bose
|
|-
!''[[Mone Mone]]''
|"Mono Mono Aajo Sei"
|Kanu Bhattacharya
|Bhupendar Singh
|-
!''Pronami Tomal''
|"Sakal Hote Na Hote"
|[[Bappi Lahiri]]
|Md Aziz
|-
!''Toofan''
|"Basbo Bhalo"
|Sapan Chakraborty
|Shakti Takur, Haimanti
|-
| rowspan="4" |1990
!''Bhangagara''
|"Akhuni Shamuhdhoze"
|[[Ravindra Jain]]
|Md Aziz
|-
!''Debata''
|"Bochor Ghure Elo"
|[[R. D. Burman]]
|[[Asha Bhosle]], [[Amit Kumar]], Shailendra Singh
|-
!''Mahajan''
|"Tuki Tuki Tuki"
|Swapan Chakraborty
|Arpita
|-
!''Qaidi''
|"Jaar Ektu Haanshi Te"(Sad)
|[[Anu Malik]]
|Md Aziz
|-
| rowspan="12" |1991
!''Ahankar''
|"Pagri Kothai"
|[[R. D. Burman]]
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |''Antarer Bhalobasha''
|"Hole Minya Bibi"
| rowspan="2" |[[Bappi Lahiri]]
|
|-
|"Ei To Ami Eshe"
|
|-
!''Bidhilipi''
|"Kije Kori Hayre"
|Sapan Chakraborty
|
|-
!''Bourani''
|"Kande Kende Bole"
|[[R. D. Burman]]
|Amit Kumar
|-
!''[[Ek Pashla Bristi]]''
|"Ami Thaki Uttare"
|Rocket Mondal
|Amit Kumar
|-
! rowspan="2" |''[[Katha Dilam]]''
|"Maake Je Bhoy"
| rowspan="2" |Ajoy Das
|
|-
|"Iam Romio"
|Amit Kumar
|-
!''Pati Param Guru''
|"Swapne Swapne"
|[[Ravindra Jain]]
|
|-
!''Sadharan Meye''
|"Aabar Aami Natun Kore"
|Kanu Bhattacharya
|Amit Kumar
|-
! rowspan="2" |''[[Shubha Kamana]]''
|"Asche Holly Re"
| rowspan="2" |[[Ajoy Das]]
| rowspan="2" |Kumar Sanu
|-
|"Sundarirag Kare"
|-
| rowspan="19" |1992
!''Ananya''
|"Jemon Aaj Jakhon"
|[[Ravindra Jain]]
|Kumar Sanu
|-
!''Anutap''
|"Bodhay Temon"
|[[Bappi Lahiri]]
|Kumar Sanu
|-
!''Apon Par''
|"Choke Choke Je Katha"
|[[Bappi Lahiri]]
|Kumar Sanu
|-
! rowspan="3" |''Bahadhur''
|"Bhabini To Amar"
| rowspan="3" |Kankan Dasgupta
|
|-
|"Bahadur Bahadur"
|
|-
|"Sure Sure Mishey"
|Usha Uthap
|-
!''Daan Pratidaan''
|"Bhabini To Ami"
|[[Ajoy Das]]
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |''Gunjan''
|"Amake Dharo Apan Karo"
| rowspan="2" |Kishore Desai
|
|-
|"Ekdin Konodin Ei Din Bhabini"
|Kumar Sanu
|-
!''[[Maa (1991 film)|Maa]]''
|"Jar Parashe Jiban Juray"
|[[R. D. Burman]]
|
|-
!''[[Mayabini (1992 film)|Mayabini]]''
|"Ei Jivanta Jeno"
|Tanmoy Chattaoadhoy
|
|-
!''Natun Sansar''
|"Tumi Bolo Na Kothaye"
|Samir Mukherjee
|Kumar Sanu
|-
! rowspan="4" |''Pratham Dekha''
|"Duti Mon Jakhoni"(Female)
| rowspan="4" |Arpita Raj
|
|-
|"Aaj Tumi Bina"
|
|-
|"Tumi Je Amari"
|Kumar Sanu
|-
|"Ei Mon Ei Prem"
|
|-
!''Priya''
|"Pasa Pasi Bari Ache"
|[[Bappi Lahiri]]
|Abijeet Bhattacharya
|-
!''Rakta Lekha''
|"Ami Kolkatar Roshogolla"
|[[Bappi Lahiri]]
|
|-
!''Shet Patharer Thala''
|"Bhalobasi Bhalobasi"
|[[R. D. Burman]]
|
|-
| rowspan="21" |1993
!''Anubhav''
|"Karuna Sagar Tumi"
|Kanu Bhattacharya
|
|-
! rowspan="3" |''Duranta Prem''
|"Bristi Name Bristi"
| rowspan="3" |Arup Pranay
|
|-
|"Tomar Thont"
| rowspan="2" |Kumar Sanu
|-
|"Prajapati Keno"
|-
! rowspan="2" |''Ghar Sansar''
|"Tumi Chole Gele"
| rowspan="2" |[[Bappi Lahiri]]
|
|-
|"O Amay Chou Tumi"
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |''Maya Mamata''
|"Mamata Meri Jaan"
| rowspan="2" |Gautam Bose
|Kumar Sanu
|-
|"Mayar Bandhan"
|
|-
!''Prajapati''
|"Eso Eso Ghumer"
|Mrinal Banerjee
|
|-
!''Premi''
|"Ki Kore Chhilam"
|Joydeb Sen
|Kumar Sanu
|-
! rowspan="2" |''Shakti''
|"Ai Alo To Amer"
| rowspan="2" |Nayan Majumdar
| rowspan="2" |Kumar Sanu
|-
|"Tomar Kache"
|-
! rowspan="2" |''Shanka''
|"Aaj Ke Aamar"
| rowspan="2" |Shyamal Banerjee
|Kumar Sanu
|-
|"O Priyo Ami Je"
|Shyamal Banerjee
|-
!''Shradhanjali''
|"Bongodeshe Anka Koshe"
|[[R. D. Burman]]
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |''Sukher Swarga''
|"Sei Pratham"
| rowspan="2" |[[Ajoy Das]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Suresh Wadkar]]
|-
|"Shono Boli"(Female)
|-
! rowspan="4" |''Tomar Rakte Amar Sohag''
|"Dol Dol Daluni"
| rowspan="4" |[[Bappi Lahiri]]
|Udit Narayan
|-
|"Lal Tuk Tuk"
|Abijeet Bhattacharya
|-
|"Tomar Rakte"
|
|-
|"Dub Dub Duburi"
|
|-
| rowspan="15" |1994
! rowspan="2" |''Kaal Purush''
|"Suno Suno Kaan Pate"
| rowspan="2" |Kanu Bhattacharya
|Kumar Sanu
|-
|"Ghum Ase Na Ei Raate"
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |''Kotha Chilo''
|"Haariye Jabo"
| rowspan="7" |[[Bappi Lahiri]]
|
|-
|"Aami Tomar"
|
|-
! rowspan="4" |''Lal Pan Bibi''
|"Chhayake Jayna"
|
|-
|"Premero Aaynate"
|Kumar Sanu
|-
|"O Dadu Samle"
|
|-
|"Sonar Pate Gaan"
|
|-
!''[[Phiriye Dao]]''
|"Monje Kake Chay"
|
|-
!''Rajar Raja''
|"Aakash Tarai Tarai"
|Samit Bhanja, Subir Karanjai
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |''[[Rakta Nadir Dhara]]''
|"Oye Komo Ba"
| rowspan="2" |[[Bappi Lahiri]]
|Md Aziz, [[Bappi Lahiri]]
|-
|"Tomar Buke"
|
|-
!''Sagar''
|"Bondhu Amar"
|Mrinal Benerjee
|Udit Narayan
|-
! rowspan="2" |''Tobu Mone Rekho''
|"Tomar Hatey"
| rowspan="2" |Rocket Mondal
|Arun Sen
|-
|"Miloner Raatey"
|Kumar Sanu
|-
| rowspan="12" |1995
!''Abirbhab''
|"Ei Mon Diyechi"
|[[Ajoy Das]]
|Amit Kumar
|-
! rowspan="3" |''Antaratama''
|"Ami Tomake"
| rowspan="3" |Swapan Chakraborty
|Kumar Sanu
|-
|"Rock And Roll"
|Kumar Sanu, Abhijeet
|-
|"Sab Katha Ki Mukhi"
|
|-
!''Jeevan Yoddha''
|"Janla Bondo"
|Samir Mukherjee
|
|-
!''Rakhal Raja''
|"Chara Gache"
|[[Ashok Bhadra]]
|
|-
![[Sangharsha (1995 film)|''Sangharsha'']]
|"Uttorpara Dakhinpara"
|[[Bappi Lahiri]]
|Md Aziz, Kumar Sanu
|-
! rowspan="3" |''Sansar Sangram''
|"Kader Gharer"
| rowspan="5" |Anupam Dutta
|Udit Narayan
|-
|"Faguner Gaan"(Female)
|
|-
|"Sorry Sir Namoshkar"
|Udit Narayan
|-
! rowspan="2" |''Sesh Pratiksha''
|"Kichu Keno"
|
|-
|"Ami Janmo Janmo"
|Kumar Sanu
|-
| rowspan="14" |1996
! rowspan="3" |''Aparajita''
|"Aaj Noy Kono"(Female)
| rowspan="3" |Ajoy Das
|
|-
|"Gaan Nor E Amar"
|
|-
|"Uru Uru Uru Ei"
|
|-
! rowspan="3" |''Beadap''
|"Uthti Boyos Meye Ami"
| rowspan="3" |Sapan Jagmohan
|
|-
|"Maayer Ruper"
|
|-
|"Piriti Kinte Hole"
|
|-
! rowspan="4" |''[[Biyer Phool]]''
|"Jatoi Karo"(Duet)
| rowspan="4" |[[Jatin–Lalit]]
|Kumar Sanu
|-
|"Cham Cham Nupur"
|Vijayta Pandit
|-
|"Aaj Didir Biye"
|
|-
|"Ei Jibaner Ei Je Khela"
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |''[[Lathi (1996 film)|Lathi]]''
|"Amar Misti Ekta"
| rowspan="2" |[[Bappi Lahiri]]
|
|-
|"Tomra Amar Swargo"
|
|-
!''Mahan''
|"Chotta Belar Sei Sob"
| rowspan="2" |Mrinal Benerjee
|Kumar Sanu
|-
![[Mukhyamantri (1996 film)|''Mukhyamantri'']]
|"Krishnagarer Thake Krishna"
|
|-
| rowspan="6" |1997
! rowspan="3" |[[Jeevan Yudh|''Jiban Juddha'']]
|"Janma Amar Kalo"
| rowspan="3" |[[Nadeem–Shravan]]
|Ila Arun
|-
|"Chor Chor Maan"
|
|-
|"Lajja Keno Elo"
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |''Jibon Jouban''
|"Kono Andha Galir"
| rowspan="2" |Sapan Jagmohan
|Kumar Sanu
|-
|"Moner Basay Aajke"
|
|-
!''Nishpap Asami''
|"Tomar Amar Mon"
|[[Ashok Bhadra]]
|Kumar Sanu
|-
| rowspan="6" |1998
! rowspan="2" |''Praner Cheye Priyo''
|"Tomar Kachhe"
| rowspan="2" |Anupam Dutta
| rowspan="2" |Abhijeet Bhattacharya
|-
|"Aamader Swapna"
|-
! rowspan="2" |''Putra Badhu''
|"Ami Chirodin Tomakei"
| rowspan="2" |Anupam Dutta
| rowspan="2" |Kumar Sanu
|-
|"Tomar Preme Pagol"
|-
! rowspan="2" |''Raja Rani Badsha''
|"Ogo Paharadar"
| rowspan="2" |Babul Bose
|
|-
|"Chuona Chuona"
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |1999
!''Sindhoor Khela''
|"Chi Na Amar"
|[[Uttam Singh]]
|Babul Supriyo
|-
!''Swapna Nilea''
|"Amar Chokher"
|[[Ajay Chakraborty]]
|
|-
|2000
!''Shesh Thikana''
|"Keu Nei Kachakachi"
|Rijib Chakraborty
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |2001
!''Bidhatar Khela''
|"Hridoy Tumar"
|Tabun
|Babul Supriyo
|-
![[Dada Thakur (2001 film)|''Dada Thakur'']]
|"Love Love Mane Pyar"
|Babul Bose
|[[Udit Narayan]]
|-
| rowspan="17" |2002
!''Bor Kone''
|"Ki Name Dakbo"
|Ashish Kumar
|Babul Supriyo
|-
! rowspan="2" |''Janam Janamer Sathi''
|"Elena Tumije"
| rowspan="2" |[[Anand–Milind]]
|Abhijeet Battacharya
|-
|"Bhalobeshe Aami Je"
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |''Jibon Judh''
|"Save Koli Phool"
| rowspan="2" |Babul Bose
|
|-
|"Na Na Na Omon"
|Babul Supriyo
|-
![[Kurukshetra (2002 film)|''Kurukshetra'']]
|"Kokila Kuhu Sure"
|[[Ashok Bhadra]]
|
|-
!''Pratihinsa''
|"Sapno Amar"
| rowspan="3" |Tabun
|Shaan
|-
! rowspan="2" |''Prem Shakti''
|"Babar Charan Tale"
|Rana
|-
|"Sunechhi Bhagwan"
|Soham Chakraborty
|-
! rowspan="2" |''Pratarak''
|"Subho Kamona"(Female)
| rowspan="2" |Ashim Chatterge
|
|-
|"Jemon Nachai"
|
|-
!''Sapath Nilam''
|"Goon Goon"
|Ajoy Das
|
|-
!''Se Aamar Prem''
|"Aare Na Na Na"
|[[Bappi Lahiri]]
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |''[[Tak Jhal Mishti]]''
|"Kotha Hoyechilo"
| rowspan="2" |Tabun
|
|-
|"Kato Na Mojar"
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |''Tak Misti Jiban''
|"Ae To Bestop Misti"
| rowspan="2" |Babul Bose
|Babul Supriyo
|-
|"Nira La La Mayadini"
|
|-
| rowspan="12" |2003
! rowspan="2" |''Adhorni''
|"Ami Je Ek Pakhi"
| rowspan="2" |Babu Kishan, Amar Mukerji
|
|-
|"Shukhi Kajol"
|
|-
! rowspan="5" |''[[Champion (2003 film)|Champion]]''
|"Bondhu Bole"(Duet)
| rowspan="5" |[[S. P. Venkatesh]]
|Mano
|-
|"Chokhe Lage Nesha"
|Babul Supriyo
|-
|"Mono Pore Koto Kotha"
|
|-
|"Cholo Na Prem Kori"
|Mano
|-
|"Bondhu Bole"(Female)
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |''[[Moner Majhe Tumi]]''
|"Akashe Batase"
| rowspan="2" |Devendranath Chatterje
|[[Sadhana Sargam]]
|-
|"Chupi Chupi Kichhi Kotha"
|
|-
![[Qayamat: City Under Threat|''Qayamat'']]
|"Jani Na Prem Kina"
|[[Nadeem–Shravan]]
|[[Abhijeet Bhattacharya]]
|-
!''[[Sangee]]''
|"Hok Na Se Abhinoy"
|[[S. P. Venkatesh]]
|
|-
!''Sukh Dukher Sansar''
|"Ar Katodin Pare"
|Anupam Dutta
|
|-
| rowspan="3" |2004
! rowspan="2" |''Aakrosh''
|"E Kalo Kalo Chokhe"
| rowspan="2" |Prashanth Nanda
|Shaan
|-
|"Tumi Aami Pothohara"
|
|-
!''Sindurer Bandhan''
|"Bhulbona Seto Aar"
|Ajoy Das
|
|-
| rowspan="6" |2005
! rowspan="2" |''Agnipath''
|"Aamader Sansar"
| rowspan="2" |Indrajith
|Kumar Sanu
|-
|"Kajol Kaalo Chokhe"
|Babul Supriyo
|-
! rowspan="2" |''Haar Jeet''
|"Nesai Doba Golap"
| rowspan="2" |[[Abhijeet Bhattacharya]]
|
|-
|"Tomar Chokher Dike"
|[[Abhijeet Bhattacharya]]
|-
! rowspan="2" |''[[Rajmohol|Rajmohal]]''
|"Amar Chokhe Agun"
| rowspan="2" |[[Ashok Bhadra]]
|Kumar Sanu
|-
|"Ke Achho Jege Kothay"
|
|-
| rowspan="6" |2008
!''[[Aainaate]]''
|"Roj Shata Shata"
|Jaydev Sen
|
|-
!''[[Biyer Lagna]]''
|"Prem Sotti Prem Sotti"
|Devendranath Chattopadhyay
|
|-
! rowspan="4" |''[[Jor (2008 film)|Jor]]''
|"Akasher Neel"(Female)
| rowspan="4" |[[S. P. Venkatesh]]
|
|-
|"Akasher Neel"(Duet)
|Mano
|-
|"Jonom Jonom"(Duet)
|VV Prasanna
|-
|"Golaper Moto"
|Mano
|-
|2009
![[Aparadhi (2009 film)|''Aparadhi'']]
|"Premier Ghari"
|[[Bappi Lahiri]]
|
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}
*http://www.oosai.com/singer_list.cfm?sngrnm=Kavitha%20Krishnamurthy
*http://www.tamilmusica.org/Singer/Kavitha%20Krishnamurthy/

==External links==
* [https://m.imdb.com/name/nm0471469/ Kavita Krishnamurthy - IMDb]
* [https://wikibiobox.com/kavita-krishnamurthy-biography-age-wiki/ Kavita Krishnamurthy Biography, Career Details]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Krishnamurti, Kavita}}
[[Category:Lists of songs recorded by Indian singers]]