https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/api.php?action=feedcontributions&feedformat=atom&user=Vinay 2026-08-03T04:09:02Z User contributions MediaWiki 1.43.6 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jalna_Assembly_constituency&diff=505420 2026-05-06T21:19:42Z

<p>Vinay: Adding first details basic info</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Constituency of the Maharashtra legislative assembly in India}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=April 2017}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=April 2017}}<br /> {{Infobox Indian constituency<br /> | name = Jalna<br /> | type = SLA<br /> | map_image = 101-Jalna.svg<br /> | map_caption = <br /> | map_alt = <br /> | district = [[Jalna district|Jalna]]<br /> | division = [[Aurangabad Division|Aurangabad]]<br /> | state = [[Maharashtra]]<br /> | loksabha_cons = [[Jalna Lok Sabha constituency|Jalna]]<br /> | constituency_no = 101<br /> | established = 1951<br /> | reservation = None<br /> | abolished = <br /> | mla = [[Arjun Khotkar]] <br /> | party = {{Party index link|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}}<br /> | incumbent_image = <br /> | alliance = {{Party index link|National Democratic Alliance}}<br /> | latest_election_year = [[2024 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|2024]]<br /> | electors = 344,367<br /> | preceded_by = [[Kailas Gorantyal]], [[Indian National Congress|INC]]<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Jalna Assembly constituency''' is one of the 288 [[Maharashtra Vidhan Sabha|Vidhan Sabha]] (legislative assembly) constituencies of [[Maharashtra]] state in western [[India]].&lt;ref name=delimitation2008&gt;{{cite web |url=https://upload.indiacode.nic.in/showfile?actid=AC_CEN_3_20_00030_200233_1517807324510&amp;type=order&amp;filename=Delimitation%20Order,2008.pdf |title=Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 2008 |date=26 November 2008 |access-date= 24 June 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=ceo&gt;{{cite web|url=http://ceo.maharashtra.gov.in/acs.php |title=District wise List of Assembly and Parliamentary Constituencies |publisher=Chief Electoral Officer, Maharashtra website |accessdate=3 November 2010 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100318055304/http://ceo.maharashtra.gov.in/acs.php |archivedate=18 March 2010 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Overview==<br /> Jalna is part of the [[Jalna (Lok Sabha constituency)|Jalna Lok Sabha constituency]] along with five other Vidhan Sabha segments, namely [[Badnapur Assembly constituency|Badnapur]] and [[Bhokardan Assembly constituency|Bhokardan]] in Jalna district and [[Phulambri Assembly constituency|Phulambri]], [[Sillod Assembly constituency|Sillod]] and [[Paithan Assembly constituency|Paithan]] in the [[Aurangabad district, Maharashtra|Aurangabad district]].&lt;ref name=ceo/&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Extent==<br /> The Assembly Constituency presently comprises the following neighbourhoods &amp; Towns:<br /> {{srn}}<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable static-row-numbers static-row-header-hash&quot;<br /> ! Neighbourhood<br /> |-<br /> | Malegaon Kh., Wanjar Umrad, [[Waghrul]], Tatewadi, Dhawedi, Warud, Nidhona, Panshendra, Nandapur, Navha, Jalna (MC), Ghansawangi (part), Majarewadi, Somnath, Baji Umrad Tanda, Baji Umrad, Sawargaon Hadap, Jaitapur, Manegaon Jahangir, Dahifal, Antarwala, Samangaon<br /> |-<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Members of the Legislative Assembly==<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Election<br /> ! Member<br /> ! colspan=2|Party<br /> |-<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#BB8ED0&quot; | [[1952 Hyderabad State Legislative Assembly election|1952]] || Syed Mohammed Moosavi || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=4}}<br /> |-<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#FFB2B2&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[1957 Bombay State Legislative Assembly election|1957]] || Dhondirai Ganpatrao<br /> |-<br /> | Rustumji Bezon$i<br /> |-<br /> | [[1962 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1962]] || Dattatray Rao Khanderao Deshpande<br /> |-<br /> | [[1978 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1978]] || Kisanrao Pandharnath Bhise || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress (I)|rowspan=2}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[1980 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1980]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | Dayma Ramkishan Ramchandra<br /> |-<br /> | [[1985 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1985]] || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[1990 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1990]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Arjun Khotkar]] || {{Full party name with color|Shiv Sena|rowspan=2}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[1995 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1995]]<br /> |-<br /> | [[1999 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1999]] || [[Kailas Gorantyal]] || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[2004 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|2004]] || [[Arjun Khotkar]] || {{Full party name with color|Shiv Sena}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[2009 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|2009]] || [[Kailas Gorantyal]] || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[2014 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|2014]] || [[Arjun Khotkar]] || {{Full party name with color|Shiv Sena}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[2019 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|2019]] || [[Kailas Gorantyal]] || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[2024 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|2024]] || [[Arjun Khotkar]] || {{Full party name with color|Shiv Sena}}<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Election results==<br /> === Assembly Election 2024 ===<br /> {{Election box begin |title = [[2024 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Jalna }}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[Arjun Khotkar]] |party = Shiv Sena |votes = 104,665 |percentage = 46.91% |change = {{increase}}11.06 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Kailas Kisanrao Gorantyal |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 73,014 |percentage = 32.72% |change = {{decrease}}16.79 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Abdul Hafiz Abdul Gaffar |party = Independent politician |votes = 30,454 |percentage = 13.65% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = David Pralhadrao Dhumare |party = Vanchit Bahujan Aaghadi |votes = 6,322 |percentage = 2.83% |change = {{decrease}}1.66 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Ashok Alis Laxmikant Manohar Pangarkar |party = Independent politician |votes = 2,227 |percentage = 1.00% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = None of the above |party = None of the above |votes = 813 |percentage = 0.36% |change = {{decrease}}0.10 }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes = 31,651 |percentage = 14.19% |change = {{increase}}0.53 }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes = 223,940 |percentage = 65.03% |change = {{increase}}9.09 }}<br /> {{Election box total valid |votes= 223,127}}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 344,367 |ref = |change = {{increase}}3.27 }}<br /> {{Election box gain |winner = Shiv Sena |loser = Indian National Congress |swing = {{decrease}}2.60 }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> === Assembly Election 2019 ===<br /> {{Election box begin |title = [[2019 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Jalna &lt;ref name=&quot;election2019&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/11699-maharashtra-legislative-assembly-election-2019/ |title=Maharashtra Legislative Assembly Election, 2019 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date= 2 February 2022 |url-access=limited}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[Kailas Gorantyal]] |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 91,835 |percentage = 49.51% |change = {{increase}}24.15 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = [[Arjun Khotkar]] |party = Shiv Sena |votes = 66,497 |percentage = 35.85% |change = {{increase}}10.32 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Ashok Kharat |party = Vanchit Bahujan Aaghadi |votes = 8,336 |percentage = 4.49% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Rashid Abdul Ajij |party = Bahujan Samaj Party |votes = 6,686 |percentage = 3.60% |change = {{decrease}}16.99 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Ekbal Ahemad Tajoddin Khan |party = All India Majlis-E-Ittehadul Muslimeen |votes = 4,315 |percentage = 2.33% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = David Pralhadrao Dhumare |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,569 |percentage = 0.85% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = None of the above |party = None of the above |votes = 848 |percentage = 0.46% |change = {{decrease}}0.30 }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes = 25,338 |percentage = 13.66% |change = {{increase}}13.49 }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes = 186,541 |percentage = 55.94% |change = {{decrease}}4.49 }}<br /> {{Election box total valid |votes= 185,492}}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 333,456 |ref = |change = {{increase}}13.25 }}<br /> {{Election box gain |winner = Indian National Congress |loser = Shiv Sena |swing = {{increase}}23.98 }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> === Assembly Election 2014 ===<br /> {{Election box begin |title = [[2014 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Jalna &lt;ref name=&quot;election2014&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/11699-maharashtra-legislative-assembly-election-2014/ |title=Maharashtra Legislative Assembly Election, 2014 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date= 2 February 2022 |url-access=limited}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[Arjun Khotkar]] |party = Shiv Sena |votes = 45,078 |percentage = 25.53% |change = {{decrease}}12.10 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Kailas Kisanrao Gorantyal |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 44,782 |percentage = 25.36% |change = {{decrease}}26.85 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Arvind Bajirao Chavan |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 37,591 |percentage = 21.29% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Abdul Rashid Abdul Aziz |party = Bahujan Samaj Party |votes = 36,350 |percentage = 20.59% |change = {{increase}}19.20 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Ravi Haribhau Raut |party = Maharashtra Navnirman Sena |votes = 5,500 |percentage = 3.12% |change = {{increase}}1.19 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Thakur Khushalsingh Nandkishorsingh |party = Nationalist Congress Party |votes = 1,611 |percentage = 0.91% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = None of the above |party = None of the above |votes = 1,346 |percentage = 0.76% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Sandeep Uttamrao Kharat |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,174 |percentage = 0.66% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes = 296 |percentage = 0.17% |change = {{decrease}}14.41 }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes = 177,914 |percentage = 60.43% |change = {{increase}}5.99 }}<br /> {{Election box total valid |votes= 176,563}}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 294,434 |ref = |change = {{increase}}12.39 }}<br /> {{Election box gain |winner = Shiv Sena |loser = Indian National Congress |swing = {{decrease}}26.68 }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> === Assembly Election 2009 ===<br /> {{Election box begin |title = [[2009 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Jalna &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|publisher= Chief Eletoral Officer, [[Maharashtra]]|title=General Elections to State Legislative Assembly 2009 |url=https://ceoelection.maharashtra.gov.in/pdff/vidhanresult.pdf|archive-url= http://web.archive.org/web/20240708005931/https://ceoelection.maharashtra.gov.in/pdff/vidhanresult.pdf|archive-date=8 July 2024|format=pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[Kailas Gorantyal]] |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 74,400 |percentage = 52.21% |change = {{increase}}10.62 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Ambekar Bhaskar Rajaram |party = Shiv Sena |votes = 53,629 |percentage = 37.63% |change = {{decrease}}13.87 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Bundele Jitendra Shankarsing |party = Maharashtra Navnirman Sena |votes = 2,746 |percentage = 1.93% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Nikalaje Sudhakar Mohanrao |party = Bharipa Bahujan Mahasangh |votes = 2,695 |percentage = 1.89% |change = {{increase}}1.60 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Kureshi Khaled Abdul Gafur |party = Bahujan Samaj Party |votes = 1,982 |percentage = 1.39% |change = {{decrease}}0.34 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Kshirsagar Shankar Sheshrao |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,472 |percentage = 1.03% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Narayan Appasaheb Chalage |party = Rashtriya Samaj Paksha |votes = 1,250 |percentage = 0.88% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Khan Feroz Samad |party = Nelopa (United) |votes = 1,079 |percentage = 0.76% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes = 20,771 |percentage = 14.58% |change = {{increase}}4.68 }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes = 142,610 |percentage = 54.44% |change = {{decrease}}9.13 }}<br /> {{Election box total valid |votes= 142,501}}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 261,974 |ref = |change = {{decrease}}1.09 }}<br /> {{Election box gain |winner = Indian National Congress |loser = Shiv Sena |swing = {{increase}}0.71 }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> === Assembly Election 2004 ===<br /> {{Election box begin |title = [[2004 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Jalna }}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[Arjun Khotkar]] |party = Shiv Sena |votes = 86,696 |percentage = 51.50% |change = {{increase}}6.30 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Kailas Kisanrao Gorantyal |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 70,022 |percentage = 41.59% |change = {{decrease}}6.48 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Munnawarkhan Gulkhan Pathan |party = Independent politician |votes = 3,292 |percentage = 1.96% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Ugale Babasaheb Bhujangrao |party = Bahujan Samaj Party |votes = 2,911 |percentage = 1.73% |change = {{increase}}1.27 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Gupta Nandlal Sohanlal |party = Akhil Bharatiya Sena |votes = 1,301 |percentage = 0.77% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Pramod Vittalrao Ratnaparkhe |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,162 |percentage = 0.69% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes = 16,674 |percentage = 9.90% |change = {{increase}}7.03 }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes = 168,385 |percentage = 63.57% |change = {{decrease}}3.38 }}<br /> {{Election box total valid |votes= 168,353}}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 264,867 |ref = |change = {{increase}}23.34 }}<br /> {{Election box gain |winner = Shiv Sena |loser = Indian National Congress |swing = {{increase}}3.43 }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> === Assembly Election 1999 ===<br /> {{Election box begin |title = [[1999 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Jalna &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1999 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1999/StatisticalReport-MH99.pdf|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120117044316/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1999/StatisticalReport-MH99.pdf|archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[Kailas Gorantyal]] |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 65,001 |percentage = 48.07% |change = {{increase}}22.89 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = [[Arjun Khotkar]] |party = Shiv Sena |votes = 61,117 |percentage = 45.20% |change = {{decrease}}8.04 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Raut Rajesh Rambhau |party = Nationalist Congress Party |votes = 5,838 |percentage = 4.32% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Anna Swant |party = Communist Party of India (Marxist) |votes = 1,824 |percentage = 1.35% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes = 3,884 |percentage = 2.87% |change = {{decrease}}25.19 }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes = 143,766 |percentage = 66.95% |change = {{decrease}}7.90 }}<br /> {{Election box total valid |votes= 135,221}}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 214,741 |ref = |change = {{increase}}4.87 }}<br /> {{Election box gain |winner = Indian National Congress |loser = Shiv Sena |swing = {{decrease}}5.17 }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> === Assembly Election 1995 ===<br /> {{Election box begin |title = [[1995 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Jalna &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1995 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1995/StatisticalReport-MH95.pdf|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120117121534/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1995/StatisticalReport-MH95.pdf |archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[Arjun Khotkar]] |party = Shiv Sena |votes = 79,387 |percentage = 53.24% |change = {{increase}}2.75 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Tope Ankushrao Raosaheb |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 37,543 |percentage = 25.18% |change = {{decrease}}1.79 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Ferozali Shabbirali Mou |party = Bahujan Samaj Party |votes = 11,844 |percentage = 7.94% |change = {{increase}}7.48 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Kishanrao Alias Nanasaheb Deshmukh |party = Independent politician |votes = 9,068 |percentage = 6.08% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Golde Raghunath Abaji |party = Independent politician |votes = 3,351 |percentage = 2.25% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Jain Prakash Shivraj |party = Janata Dal |votes = 1,213 |percentage = 0.81% |change = {{decrease}}9.71 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Khan Javedkhan Banekhan |party = Bharipa Bahujan Mahasangh |votes = 905 |percentage = 0.61% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes = 41,844 |percentage = 28.06% |change = {{increase}}4.54 }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes = 153,279 |percentage = 74.85% |change = {{increase}}16.53 }}<br /> {{Election box total valid |votes= 149,116}}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 204,770 |ref = |change = {{increase}}3.21 }}<br /> {{Election box hold with party link |winner = Shiv Sena |swing = {{increase}}2.75 }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> === Assembly Election 1990 ===<br /> {{Election box begin |title = [[1990 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Jalna &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1990 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1990/StatRep_MT_90.pdf |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120117080722/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1990/StatRep_MT_90.pdf |archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[Arjun Khotkar]] |party = Shiv Sena |votes = 57,226 |percentage = 50.49% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Bothra Manikchand Jaichandlal |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 30,566 |percentage = 26.97% |change = {{decrease}}8.91 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Jaiswal Radhakishan Bhaggulal |party = Janata Dal |votes = 11,920 |percentage = 10.52% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Sawant Trimbakrao Maroti |party = Bharatiya Republican Paksha |votes = 6,470 |percentage = 5.71% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Soni Badriprasad Harakchand |party = Akhil Bharatiya Hindu Mahasabha |votes = 1,809 |percentage = 1.60% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes = 26,660 |percentage = 23.52% |change = {{increase}}11.00 }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes = 115,710 |percentage = 58.32% |change = {{increase}}10.11 }}<br /> {{Election box total valid |votes= 113,349}}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 198,397 |ref = |change = {{increase}}40.53 }}<br /> {{Election box gain |winner = Shiv Sena |loser = Indian National Congress |swing = {{increase}}14.61 }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> === Assembly Election 1985 ===<br /> {{Election box begin |title = [[1985 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Jalna &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1985 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1985/Statistical%20Report%20Maharashtra%201985.pdf |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120117075119/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1985/Statistical%20Report%20Maharashtra%201985.pdf |archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Dayma Ramkishan Ramchandra |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 23,809 |percentage = 35.88% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Jaiswal Radhakishan Bhaggulal |party = Janata Party |votes = 15,499 |percentage = 23.35% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Khare Rupabhaiyya Dulichand |party = Independent politician |votes = 13,826 |percentage = 20.83% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Bheemashankar Tukaram Shivatare |party = Independent politician |votes = 8,225 |percentage = 12.39% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Govind Sudarmrao Ratnaparkhe |party = Independent politician |votes = 2,120 |percentage = 3.19% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Yadav Baliram Kanhiyalal |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,015 |percentage = 1.53% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Babasaheb Uttamrao Patil Shinde |party = Independent politician |votes = 905 |percentage = 1.36% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Syed Ismail Syed Abdul |party = Communist Party of India |votes = 549 |percentage = 0.83% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes = 8,310 |percentage = 12.52% |change = {{decrease}}16.42 }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes = 68,065 |percentage = 48.21% |change = {{increase}}0.21 }}<br /> {{Election box total valid |votes= 66,363}}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 141,179 |ref = |change = {{increase}}15.09 }}<br /> {{Election box gain |winner = Indian National Congress |loser = Indian National Congress (I) |swing = {{decrease}}25.82 }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> === Assembly Election 1980 ===<br /> {{Election box begin |title = [[1980 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Jalna &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1980 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1980/Statistical%20Report%201980%20Maharashtra.pdf |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120117083555/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1980/Statistical%20Report%201980%20Maharashtra.pdf |archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Dayma Ramkishan Ramchandra |party = Indian National Congress (I) |votes = 35,204 |percentage = 61.70% |change = {{increase}}12.24 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Jaiswal Radhakishan Bhaggulal |party = Janata Party |votes = 18,693 |percentage = 32.76% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Udhan Vithalrao Rajaram |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 1,350 |percentage = 2.37% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Manohar Yadavrao Jalgaonkar |party = Janata Party (Secular) [[Raj Narain]] |votes = 739 |percentage = 1.30% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Shinde Digamber Shrirang |party = Janata Party (Secular) [[Charan Singh]] |votes = 542 |percentage = 0.95% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Bhartiya Prakashchand Gopikishan |party = Independent politician |votes = 346 |percentage = 0.61% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes = 16,511 |percentage = 28.94% |change = {{increase}}2.92 }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes = 58,876 |percentage = 48.00% |change = {{decrease}}12.49 }}<br /> {{Election box total valid |votes= 57,059}}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 122,668 |ref = |change = {{increase}}8.22 }}<br /> {{Election box hold with party link |winner = Indian National Congress (I) |swing = {{increase}}12.24 }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> === Assembly Election 1978 ===<br /> {{Election box begin |title = [[1978 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Jalna &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1978 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1978/Statistical%20Report%201978%20Maharashtra.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170629182050/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1978/Statistical%20Report%201978%20Maharashtra.pdf|archive-date=29 June 2017|format=pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Kisanrao Pandharnath Bhise |party = Indian National Congress (I) |votes = 32,707 |percentage = 49.46% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Syed Abdul Majeed Syed Abdul Hakim |party = Janata Party |votes = 15,499 |percentage = 23.44% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Kisanrao Chaburao Deshmukh |party = Peasants and Workers Party of India |votes = 8,150 |percentage = 12.32% |change = {{increase}}7.82 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Rakh Shankarrao Raghunathrao |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 6,091 |percentage = 9.21% |change = {{decrease}}50.66 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Kuril Bansilal Ramcharan |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,225 |percentage = 1.85% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Sharma Ghanshyamdeo Sawsiram |party = Independent politician |votes = 836 |percentage = 1.26% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Bhartiya Prakashchand Gopikishan |party = Independent politician |votes = 577 |percentage = 0.87% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Kanhaiyalal Ramchandra Gorakshak |party = Independent politician |votes = 437 |percentage = 0.66% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes = 17,208 |percentage = 26.02% |change = {{decrease}}11.83 }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes = 68,563 |percentage = 60.49% |change = {{increase}}26.23 }}<br /> {{Election box total valid |votes= 66,130}}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 113,355 |ref = |change = {{increase}}88.61 }}<br /> {{Election box gain |winner = Indian National Congress (I) |loser = Indian National Congress |swing = {{decrease}}10.41 }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> === Assembly Election 1962 ===<br /> {{Election box begin |title = [[1962 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Jalna &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1962 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_Maharastra_1962.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120117085627/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_Maharastra_1962.pdf|archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Dattatray Rao Khanderao Deshpande |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 11,524 |percentage = 59.87% |change = {{increase}}3.02 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Bhanudas Gangaram |party = Independent politician |votes = 4,239 |percentage = 22.02% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Ghansham Deo Sawairam |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,467 |percentage = 7.62% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Bansilal Charan |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,152 |percentage = 5.99% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Sampat Paraji |party = Peasants and Workers Party of India |votes = 866 |percentage = 4.50% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes = 7,285 |percentage = 37.85% |change = {{increase}}23.49 }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes = 20,592 |percentage = 34.26% |change = {{decrease}}28.23 }}<br /> {{Election box total valid |votes= 19,248}}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 60,099 |ref = |change = {{decrease}}43.69 }}<br /> {{Election box hold with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |swing = {{increase}}29.99 }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> === Assembly Election 1957 ===<br /> {{Election box begin |title = [[1957 Bombay State Legislative Assembly election]] : Jalna &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1957 to the Legislative Assembly of Bombay |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1957/StatRep_Bombay_1957.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120114093455/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1957/StatRep_Bombay_1957.pdf|archive-date=14 January 2012|format=pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Dhondirai Ganpatrao |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 19,926 |percentage = 29.88% |change = {{decrease}}35.91 }}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Rustumji Bezon$i |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 17,990 |percentage = 26.97% |change = {{decrease}}38.82 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Tukaram |party = Independent politician |votes = 10,350 |percentage = 15.52% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Gangadharrao Dattatrarao |party = Communist Party of India |votes = 8,755 |percentage = 13.13% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Ghansham Deo Sawairam |party = Bharatiya Jana Sangh |votes = 4,143 |percentage = 6.21% |change = {{decrease}}0.04 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Mangilal Mulchand |party = Independent politician |votes = 2,823 |percentage = 4.23% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Shankarrao |party = Bharatiya Jana Sangh |votes = 2,706 |percentage = 4.06% |change = {{decrease}}2.19 }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes = 9,576 |percentage = 14.36% |change = {{decrease}}38.24 }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes = 66,693 |percentage = 62.49% |change = {{increase}}23.64 }}<br /> {{Election box total valid |votes= 66,693}}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 106,725 |ref = |change = {{increase}}116.77 }}<br /> {{Election box hold with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |swing = {{decrease}}35.91 }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> === Assembly Election 1952 ===<br /> {{Election box begin |title = [[1952 Hyderabad State Legislative Assembly election]] : Jalna &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1951 to the Legislative Assembly of Hyderabad |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1951/StatRep_51_HBD.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160606161433/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1951/StatRep_51_HBD.pdf|archive-date=6 June 2016|format=pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Syed Mohammed Moosavi |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 12,583 |percentage = 65.79% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Manohar Narayan |party = People's Democratic Front (Hyderabad) |votes = 2,522 |percentage = 13.19% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Ghansham Deo Sawairam |party = Bharatiya Jana Sangh |votes = 1,196 |percentage = 6.25% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Bhaskar Rao |party = Socialist Party (India, 1948) |votes = 994 |percentage = 5.20% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Rambh Rao Taloji |party = Peasants and Workers Party of India |votes = 803 |percentage = 4.20% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Mangilal Mulchand |party = Independent politician |votes = 522 |percentage = 2.73% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Shivabhai |party = Independent politician |votes = 506 |percentage = 2.65% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes = 10,061 |percentage = 52.60% |change = }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes = 19,126 |percentage = 38.85% |change = }}<br /> {{Election box total valid |votes= 19,126}}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 49,234 |ref = |change = }}<br /> {{Election box new seat win |winner = Indian National Congress |swing = }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{Assembly constituencies of Maharashtra}}<br /> {{Jalna district topics}}<br /> {{coords|19.85|75.89|display=title}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Assembly constituencies of Maharashtra]]<br /> [[Category:Assembly constituencies of Jalna district]]<br /> [[Category:Jalna, Maharashtra]]<br /> [[Category:Politics of Jalna district]]<br /> [[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1951]]<br /> [[Category:1951 establishments in Bombay State]]</div>

Vinay https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Thiyagarayanagar_Assembly_constituency&diff=541039 2026-05-05T09:39:18Z

<p>Vinay: new</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|State Legislative Assembly constituency in Tamil Nadu, India}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=July 2020}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=July 2020}}<br /> {{Infobox Indian constituency<br /> | type = SLA<br /> | constituency_no = 24<br /> | map_image = Constitution-Thiyagaraya Nagar.svg<br /> <br /> | Existence = <br /> | district = [[Chennai district|Chennai]]<br /> | loksabha_cons = [[Chennai South Lok Sabha constituency|Chennai South]]<br /> | established = 1957<br /> | state = [[Tamil Nadu]]<br /> | party = {{Party index link|Tamilaga Vettri Kazhagam}}<br /> | alliance =<br /> | mla = [[N. Anand]]<br /> | latest_election_year = 2026<br /> | name = Thiyagarayanagar<br /> | electors = 158,757 <br /> | reservation = None<br /> }}<br /> '''Thiyagarayanagar''' is the [[State legislative assemblies of India|legislative assembly]] constituency located in the southern part of [[Chennai district]] of the Indian state of [[Tamil Nadu]]. Its State Assembly Constituency number is 24. It is a part of [[Chennai South Lok Sabha constituency]] during national elections. Thiyagarayanagar has been in existence since the 1957 election. It currently covers [[T. Nagar]] and adjacent localities, such as [[Pondy Bazaar]], [[Kodambakkam]], [[Ashok Nagar, Chennai|Ashok Nagar]], [[K. K. Nagar, Chennai|K. K. Nagar]], [[MGR Nagar]], [[Vadapalani]] and [[West Mambalam]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=MS|first=Nileena|date=2016-01-14|title=T Nagar: Tired of civic problems, will residents opt for NOTA?|url=https://chennai.citizenmatters.in/user-submitted-post-16|access-date=2021-03-11|website=Citizen Matters, Chennai|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt; It is one of the 234 State Legislative Assembly Constituencies in Tamil Nadu.<br /> <br /> == Members of Legislative Assembly ==<br /> === Madras State ===<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=&quot;50%&quot;<br /> ! style=&quot;background-color:#666666; color:white&quot;|Year<br /> ! style=&quot;background-color:#666666; color:white&quot;|Winner<br /> ! style=&quot;background-color:#666666; color:white&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot; | Party<br /> |-<br /> | [[1957 Madras Legislative Assembly election|1957]]<br /> | [[K. Vinayakam]]<br /> | {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[1962 Madras Legislative Assembly election|1962]]<br /> | [[Kanchi Manimozhiyar]]<br /> | {{Full party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[1967 Madras Legislative Assembly election|1967]]<br /> | [[M. P. Sivagnanam]]<br /> | {{Full party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}<br /> |-<br /> |}<br /> <br /> === Tamil Nadu ===<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=&quot;50%&quot;<br /> ! style=&quot;background-color:#666666; color:white&quot;|Assembly<br /> ! style=&quot;background-color:#666666; color:white&quot;|Year<br /> ! style=&quot;background-color:#666666; color:white&quot;|Winner<br /> ! style=&quot;background-color:#666666; color:white&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot; | Party<br /> |-<br /> | [[1971 Tamil Nadu state assembly election|Fifth]]<br /> | [[1971 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|1971]]<br /> | K. M. Subramaniam<br /> | {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress (O)|dab=yes}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[1977 Tamil Nadu state assembly election|Sixth]]<br /> | [[1977 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|1977]]<br /> | R. E. Chandran Jayapal<br /> | {{Full party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[1980 Tamil Nadu state assembly election|Seventh]]<br /> | [[1980 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|1980]]<br /> | [[K. Sourirajan]]<br /> | {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[1984 Tamil Nadu state assembly election|Eighth]]<br /> | [[1984 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|1984]]<br /> | K. Sourirajan<br /> | {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[1989 Tamil Nadu state assembly election|Ninth]]<br /> | [[1989 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|1989]]<br /> | [[S. A. Ganesan]]<br /> | {{Full party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[1991 Tamil Nadu state assembly election|Tenth]]<br /> | [[1991 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|1991]]<br /> | S. Jayakumar<br /> | {{Full party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[1996 Tamil Nadu state assembly election|Eleventh]]<br /> | [[1996 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|1996]]<br /> | [[A. Chellakumar]]<br /> | {{Full party name with color|Tamil Maanila Congress (Moopanar)|dab=yes}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[2001 Tamil Nadu state assembly election|Twelfth]]<br /> | [[2001 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2001]]<br /> | [[J. Anbazhagan]]<br /> | {{Full party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[2006 Tamil Nadu state assembly election|Thirteenth]]<br /> | [[2006 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2006]]<br /> | [[V. P. Kalairajan]]<br /> | {{Full party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[2011 Tamil Nadu state assembly election|Fourteenth]]<br /> | [[2011 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2011]]<br /> | V. P. Kalairajan<br /> | {{Full party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[2016 Tamil Nadu state assembly election|Fifteenth]]<br /> | [[2016 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2016]]<br /> | B. Sathyanarayanan&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |publisher=Election Commission of India |title=2016 Tamil Nadu General Election: Constituency Data Summary |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/archiveofge2016/09-Constitutional%20Data%20Summarytamil.pdf |access-date=27 May 2016|page=24}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | {{Full party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[2021 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|Sixteenth]]<br /> | [[2021 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2021]]<br /> | [[J. Karunanithi]]<br /> | {{Full party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[2026 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|Seventeenth]]<br /> | [[2026 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2026]]<br /> | [[N. Anand]]<br /> | {{Full party name with color|Tamilaga Vettri Kazhagam}}<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Election results==<br /> {{bar box<br /> |float=right<br /> |title= Vote share of winning candidates<br /> |titlebar=#ddd<br /> |width=300px<br /> |barwidth=275px<br /> |bars=<br /> {{bar percent|[[#2026|2026]]|{{party color|Tamilaga Vettri Kazhagam}}|38.55}}<br /> {{bar percent|[[#2021|2021]]|{{party color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|41.05}}<br /> {{bar percent|[[#2016|2016]]|{{party color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|37.47}}<br /> {{bar percent|[[#2011|2011]]|{{party color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|58.48}}<br /> {{bar percent|[[#2006|2006]]|{{party color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|48.57}}<br /> {{bar percent|[[#2001|2001]]|{{party color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|48.55}}<br /> {{bar percent|[[#1996|1996]]|{{party color|Tamil Maanila Congress}}|67.16}}<br /> {{bar percent|[[#1991|1991]]|{{party color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|61.19}}<br /> {{bar percent|[[#1989|1989]]|{{party color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|43.03}}<br /> {{bar percent|[[#1984|1984]]|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|49.26}}<br /> {{bar percent|[[#1980|1980]]|{{party color|Gandhi Kamaraj National Congress}}|50.58}}<br /> {{bar percent|[[#1977|1977]]|{{party color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|30.91}}<br /> {{bar percent|[[#1971|1971]]|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|48.32}}<br /> {{bar percent|[[#1967|1967]]|{{party color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|57.36}}<br /> {{bar percent|[[#1962|1962]]|{{party color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|41.02}}<br /> {{bar percent|[[#1957|1957]]|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|45.10}}<br /> }}<br /> <br /> === 2026 ===<br /> <br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[2026 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: T. Nagar}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[N. Anand|Bussy N. Anand]]|party=Tamilaga Vettri Kazhagam|votes=51,632|percentage=38.55%|change=''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=[[B. Sathyanarayanan]]|party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|votes=38,605|percentage=28.83%|change=-12.12}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Raja Anbazhagan|party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|votes=37,017|percentage=27.64%|change=-13.41}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Anusha Vijayakumar|party=Naam Tamilar Katchi|votes=4554|percentage=3.40%|change=-2.67}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=NOTA|party=None of the above|votes=878|percentage=0.66%|change=-0.52}}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=13,027 |percentage=9.72% |change=+9.62}}<br /> {{Election box turnout|votes=133,928|percentage=84.36%|change=+28.65}}<br /> {{Election box rejected|votes=|percentage=}}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors =158757|change = }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link |winner=Tamilaga Vettri Kazhagam|loser=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> === 2021 ===<br /> <br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[2021 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Thiyagarayanagar&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Thiyagarayanagar Election Result|url= https://www.news18.com/assembly-elections-2021/tamil-nadu/-s22a024|access-date= 18 Jun 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[J. Karunanithi]] |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=56,035 |percentage=41.05% |change=+5.8 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=[[B. Sathyanarayanan]] |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=55,898 |percentage=40.95% |change=+3.48 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=[[Pala. Karuppiah]] |party=Makkal Needhi Maiam |votes=14,567 |percentage=10.67% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=S. Sivasankari |party=Naam Tamilar Katchi |votes=8,284 |percentage=6.07% |change=+4.61 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=NOTA |party=None of the above |votes=1,617 |percentage=1.18% |change=-1.33 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=R. Bharaneeswaran |party=Amma Makkal Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=782 |percentage=0.57% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=137 |percentage=0.10% |change= -2.12% }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=136,497 |percentage=55.71% |change= -2.22% }}<br /> {{Election box rejected|votes=84|percentage=0.06% }}{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 245,005 |change = }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link |winner=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= 3.58% }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> === 2016 ===<br /> <br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[2016 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Thiyagarayanagar&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.elections.tn.gov.in/TNLA2016/AC%20WISE%20CANDIDATE%20COUNT.pdf|access-date= 30 Apr 2022|archive-date= 30 Apr 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220430083638/https://www.elections.tn.gov.in/TNLA2016/AC%20WISE%20CANDIDATE%20COUNT.pdf|title=Assembly wise Candidate Valid Votes count 2016, Tamil Nadu|website=www.elections.tn.gov.in}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[B. Sathyanarayanan]] |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=53,207 |percentage=37.47% |change=-21.01 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=[[Kanimozhi N. V. N. Somu]]|party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=50,052 |percentage=35.25% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=[[H. Raja]]|party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=19,888 |percentage=14.01% |change=+10.48 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=V. Kumar |party=Desiya Murpokku Dravida Kazhagam |votes=6,210 |percentage=4.37% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=V. Vinoth |party=Pattali Makkal Katchi |votes=5,071 |percentage=3.57% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=NOTA |party=None of the above |votes=3,570 |percentage=2.51% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Padmanapan |party=Naam Tamilar Katchi |votes=2,072 |percentage=1.46% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=3,155 |percentage=2.22% |change= -22.80% }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=141,982 |percentage=57.93% |change= -8.64% }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 245,101 |change = }}<br /> {{Election box hold with party link |winner=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= -21.01% }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> === 2011 ===<br /> <br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[2011 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Thiyagarayanagar&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite report|url=http://www.elections.tn.gov.in/Web/Index_card_TNLA2011/10-DETAILEDRESULT_ver4.3.pdf|title=Detailes Result 2011, Aseembly Election Tamil Nadu|work=Election Commission of Tamil Nadu|access-date=9 May 2021| archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20170215085458/http://www.elections.tn.gov.in/Web/Index_card_TNLA2011/10-DETAILEDRESULT_ver4.3.pdf| archive-date =15 February 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[V. P. Kalairajan]] |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=75,883 |percentage=58.48% |change=+9.92 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=[[A. Chellakumar]]|party=Indian National Congress |votes=43,421 |percentage=33.46% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=K. Ravichandran |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=4,575 |percentage=3.53% |change=+0.75 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=[[Traffic Ramaswamy]] |party=Independent politician |votes=1,305 |percentage=1.01% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=G. Sarada |party=Indhiya Jananayaga Katchi |votes=958 |percentage=0.74% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=E. Sarathbabu |party=Independent politician |votes=830 |percentage=0.64% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=32,462 |percentage=25.02% |change= 14.22% }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=129,751 |percentage=66.57% |change= 3.69% }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 194,922 |change = }}<br /> {{Election box hold with party link |winner=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= 9.92% }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ===2006===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[2006 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Thiyagarayanagar&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| last = Election Commission of India| title = 2006 Election Statistical Report| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2006/StatReport_TN_2006.pdf| access-date = 12 May 2006| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101007200819/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2006/StatReport_TN_2006.pdf| archive-date = 7 Oct 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[V. P. Kalairajan]] |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=74,131 |percentage=48.57% |change=+2.12 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=[[J. Anbazhagan]] |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=57,654 |percentage=37.77% |change=-10.77 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=T. Pandian |party=Desiya Murpokku Dravida Kazhagam |votes=8,824 |percentage=5.78% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=S. Arvind |party=Lok Paritran |votes=6,323 |percentage=4.14% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Muktha V. Srinivasan |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=4,235 |percentage=2.77% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=16,477 |percentage=10.80% |change= 8.70% }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=152,632 |percentage=62.87% |change= 19.99% }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 242,771 |change = }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link |winner=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= 0.02% }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ===2001===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[2001 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Thiyagarayanagar&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| last = Election Commission of India|title = Statistical Report on General Election 2001|url= http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2001/Stat_Rep_TN_2001.pdf|date = 12 May 2001 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006173934/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2001/Stat_Rep_TN_2001.pdf|archive-date=6 October 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[J. Anbazhagan]] |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=57,875 |percentage=48.55% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=E. V. K. Sulochana Sampath |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=55,376 |percentage=46.45% |change=+22.33 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=K. Thyagarajan |party=Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=3,697 |percentage=3.10% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=2,499 |percentage=2.10% |change= -40.94% }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=119,216 |percentage=42.88% |change= -12.82% }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 277,999 |change = }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link |winner=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=Tamil Maanila Congress |swing= -18.61% }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ===1996===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[1996 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Thiyagarayanagar&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| last = Election Commission of India| title = 1996 Election Statistical Report| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1996/StatisticalReport-TN96.pdf| access-date = 19 April 2009| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101007221700/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1996/StatisticalReport-TN96.pdf| archive-date = 7 October 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[A. Chellakumar]] |party=Tamil Maanila Congress |votes=76,461 |percentage=67.16% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=S. Vijayan |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=27,463 |percentage=24.12% |change=-37.07 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=S. Srinivasan |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=5,285 |percentage=4.64% |change=+0.39 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=K. Jagaveera Pandian |party=Janata Dal |votes=1,959 |percentage=1.72% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=D. Kuppusamy |party=Pattali Makkal Katchi |votes=940 |percentage=0.83% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=48,998 |percentage=43.04% |change= 13.31% }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=113,853 |percentage=55.70% |change= 3.63% }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 208,349 |change = }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link |winner=Tamil Maanila Congress |loser=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= 5.97% }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ===1991===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[1991 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Thiyagarayanagar&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| last = Election Commission of India| title = Statistical Report on General Election 1991| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1991/StatisticalReport-Tamil%20Nadu91.pdf| access-date = 19 April 2009| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101007161404/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1991/StatisticalReport-Tamil%20Nadu91.pdf| archive-date = 7 October 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=S. Jayakumar |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=64,460 |percentage=61.19% |change=+39.65 }}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[S. A. Ganesan]] |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=33,147 |percentage=31.47% |change=-11.56 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=R. Durai |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=4,479 |percentage=4.25% |change=+2.94 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=A. Krishnamurthy Alias A. K. Morthy |party=Pattali Makkal Katchi |votes=2,137 |percentage=2.03% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=31,313 |percentage=29.73% |change= 10.62% }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=105,341 |percentage=52.07% |change= -13.24% }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 204,830 |change = }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link |winner=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= 18.16% }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ===1989===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[1989 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Thiyagarayanagar&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| last = Election Commission of India| title = Statistical Report on General Election 1989| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1989/StatisticalReportTamilNadu89.pdf| access-date = 19 April 2009| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101006153620/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1989/StatisticalReportTamilNadu89.pdf| archive-date = 6 October 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[S. A. Ganesan|S. A. M. Ganesan]] |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=49,772 |percentage=43.03% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=[[K. Sourirajan]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=27,668 |percentage=23.92% |change=-25.34 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=V. Balasubramainan |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=24,920 |percentage=21.54% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=[[Jeppiaar]] |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=8,268 |percentage=7.15% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=M. S. Nithyanandam |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=1,517 |percentage=1.31% |change=-5.66 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=N. Manickam |party=Independent politician |votes=821 |percentage=0.71% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=A. Kittappan |party=Independent politician |votes=663 |percentage=0.57% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=22,104 |percentage=19.11% |change= 10.19% }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=115,667 |percentage=65.31% |change= 1.88% }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 178,867 |change = }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link |winner=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= -6.23% }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ===1984===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[1984 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Thiyagarayanagar&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| last = Election Commission of India| title = Statistical Report on General Election 1984| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1984/StatisticalReportTamilNadu84.pdf| access-date = 19 April 2009| archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20120117121208/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1984/StatisticalReportTamilNadu84.pdf| archive-date = 17 Jan 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[K. Sourirajan]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=49,038 |percentage=49.26% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=G. Kalivaradan |party=Janata Party |votes=40,154 |percentage=40.34% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=K. Jana Krishna Murthi |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=6,945 |percentage=6.98% |change=+2.56 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=M. K. Srinivasan |party=Independent politician |votes=2,137 |percentage=2.15% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=8,884 |percentage=8.92% |change= 1.24% }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=99,550 |percentage=63.43% |change= 7.99% }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 160,537 |change = }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Gandhi Kamaraj National Congress |swing= -1.32% }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ===1980===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[1980 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Thiyagarayanagar&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| last = Election Commission of India| title = Statistical Report on General Election 1980| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1980/StatisticalReportTamil%20Nadu%201980.pdf | access-date = 19 April 2009 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101006231656/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1980/StatisticalReportTamil%20Nadu%201980.pdf| archive-date = 6 Oct 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[K. Sourirajan]] |party=Gandhi Kamaraj National Congress |votes=42,566 |percentage=50.58% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=R. E. Chandran Jeyapal |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=36,100 |percentage=42.89% |change=+11.98 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=K. Sanckar |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=3,716 |percentage=4.42% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=T. Swaminathan |party=Janata Party |votes=1,462 |percentage=1.74% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=6,466 |percentage=7.68% |change= 6.32% }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=84,164 |percentage=55.44% |change= 13.32% }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 153,113 |change = }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link |winner=Gandhi Kamaraj National Congress |loser=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= 19.66% }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ===1977===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[1977 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Thiyagarayanagar&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| last = Election Commission of India| title = Statistical Report on General Election 1977| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1977/StatisticalReportTamil%20Nadu77.pdf| access-date = 19 April 2009| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101007141448/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1977/StatisticalReportTamil%20Nadu77.pdf | archive-date = 7 Oct 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=R. E. Chandran Jayapal |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=23,346 |percentage=30.91% |change=-16.27 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=K. Krishnamoorthy |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=22,316 |percentage=29.55% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=K. Krishnamoorthy (Jana) |party=Janata Party |votes=18,020 |percentage=23.86% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=A. J. Doss |party=Indian National Congress |votes=7,833 |percentage=10.37% |change=-37.95 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=K. Sowrirajan |party=Independent politician |votes=2,387 |percentage=3.16% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=K. Kalyanasundaram |party=Independent politician |votes=560 |percentage=0.74% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=D. Jayakanthan |party=Independent politician |votes=481 |percentage=0.64% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=1,030 |percentage=1.36% |change= 0.22% }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=75,522 |percentage=42.12% |change= -23.54% }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 180,871 |change = }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link |winner=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= -17.41% }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ===1971===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[1971 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Thiyagarayanagar&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| last = Election Commission of India| title = Statistical Report on General Election 1971| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1971/StatReport_TN_71.pdf | access-date = 19 April 2009 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101006131227/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1971/StatReport_TN_71.pdf | archive-date = 6 Oct 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=K. M. Subramaniam |party=Indian National Congress |votes=37,100 |percentage=48.32% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=D. V. Narayanasamy |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=36,221 |percentage=47.18% |change=-10.18 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=K. Narayan Rao |party=Bharatiya Jana Sangh |votes=1,880 |percentage=2.45% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Thirunagar Rathinam |party=Independent politician |votes=1,187 |percentage=1.55% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=879 |percentage=1.14% |change= -14.07% }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=76,775 |percentage=65.66% |change= -6.68% }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 121,232 |change = }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= -9.03% }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ===1967===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[1967 Madras Legislative Assembly election]]: Thiyagarayanagar&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web| last = Election Commission of India|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Madras%201967.pdf|title= Statistical Report on General Election 1967|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120320175222/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Madras%201967.pdf|archive-date=20 March 2012|access-date= 19 April 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[M. P. Sivagnanam]] |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=37,662 |percentage=57.36% |change=+16.34 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=K. M. Subramaniam |party=Independent politician |votes=27,669 |percentage=42.14% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Lakshminarasimhan |party=Bharatiya Jana Sangh |votes=333 |percentage=0.51% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=9,993 |percentage=15.22% |change= 5.29% }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=65,664 |percentage=72.34% |change= 2.74% }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 92,089 |change = }}<br /> {{Election box hold with party link |winner=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= 16.34% }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ===1962===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[1962 Madras Legislative Assembly election]]: Thiyagarayanagar&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| last = Election Commission of India|title=Statistical Report on General Election 1962|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_Madras_1962.pdf|access-date= 19 April 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130127201143/https://eci.gov.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_Madras_1962.pdf|archive-date=27 Jan 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=Kanchi Manimozhiar |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=35,402 |percentage=41.02% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Guntur Narasimha Rao |party=Indian National Congress |votes=26,834 |percentage=31.09% |change=-14.01 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=C. Damodaram |party=Swatantra Party |votes=9,196 |percentage=10.65% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Krishnamoorthy |party=Independent politician |votes=8,002 |percentage=9.27% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=K. Murugesan |party=Tamil National Party |votes=4,653 |percentage=5.39% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=M. K. Srinivasan |party=Independent politician |votes=1,424 |percentage=1.65% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=A. S. Jesubatham |party=Independent politician |votes=566 |percentage=0.66% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=8,568 |percentage=9.93% |change= -2.53% }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=86,308 |percentage=69.61% |change= 36.26% }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 128,854 |change = }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link |winner=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= -4.08% }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ===1957===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[1957 Madras Legislative Assembly election]]: Thiyagarayanagar&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| last = Election Commission of India| title=Statistical Report on General Election 1957 | url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1957/StatRep_Madras_1957.pdf| access-date=2015-07-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130127200447/https://eci.gov.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1957/StatRep_Madras_1957.pdf|archive-date=27 Jan 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=K. Vinayakam |party=Indian National Congress |votes=16,813 |percentage=45.10% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=A. S. Jesupatham |party=Independent politician |votes=12,170 |percentage=32.65% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=S. Krishnamoorthy |party=Independent politician |votes=8,296 |percentage=22.25% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=4,643 |percentage=12.45% |change= }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=37,279 |percentage=33.35% |change= }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 111,797 |change = }}<br /> {{Election box new seat win |winner=Indian National Congress |loser= |swing= }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> * {{cite web|url= http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/ElectionStatistics.asp|title= Statistical reports of assembly elections|access-date= 8 July 2010|publisher= Election Commission of India|url-status= dead|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20101005110118/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/ElectionStatistics.asp|archive-date= 5 October 2010}}<br /> <br /> {{Assembly constituencies of Tamil Nadu}}<br /> {{coord|8.72|77.75|display=title}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Assembly constituencies of Tamil Nadu]]<br /> [[Category:Chennai district]]<br /> [[Category:Politics of Chennai]]<br /> [[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1957]]<br /> [[Category:1957 establishments in Madras State]]</div>

Vinay https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ebindas_Yesudasan&diff=498110 2026-05-04T01:46:51Z

<p>Vinay: Made pg</p> <hr /> <div>{{No significant coverage|date=April 2026}}<br /> {{Short description|Indian footballer}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=April 2026}}<br /> {{Infobox football biography<br /> | name = Ebindas Yesudasan<br /> | image = <br /> | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|2005|04|19|df=yes}}<br /> | birth_place = [[Thiruvananthapuram]], [[Kerala]], India<br /> | height =<br /> | position = [[Attacking midfielder]], [[Winger (association football)|winger]]<br /> | currentclub = [[Kerala Blasters FC|Kerala Blasters]]<br /> | clubnumber = 47<br /> | youthyears1 = 2018–2019<br /> | youthclubs1 = [[Gokulam Kerala FC Reserves and Academy|Gokulam Kerala]]<br /> | youthyears2 = 2019–2022<br /> | youthclubs2 = Little Flower FA<br /> | youthyears3 = 2022–2025<br /> | youthclubs3 = [[Kerala Blasters FC Reserves and Academy|Kerala Blasters]] <br /> | years1 = 2025–<br /> | clubs1 = [[Kerala Blasters FC|Kerala Blasters]]<br /> | caps1 = 8<br /> | goals1 = 0<br /> | years2 = 2025<br /> | clubs2 = → [[Kannur Warriors FC|Kannur Warriors]] (loan)<br /> | caps2 = 11<br /> | goals2 = 1<br /> | nationalyears1 = 2026–<br /> | nationalteam1 = [[India national under-23 football team|India U23]]<br /> | nationalcaps1 = 2<br /> | nationalgoals1 =0<br /> | club-update = 21:30, 11 April 2026 (UTC)<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Ebindas Yesudasan''' (born 19 April 2005) is an Indian professional [[Association football|footballer]] who plays as an [[attacking midfielder]] or [[Winger (association football)|winger]] for [[Indian Super League]] club [[Kerala Blasters FC|Kerala Blasters]].<br /> <br /> ==Club career==<br /> Born on Thiruvananthapuram, Ebindas started his football career at the age of 13, by joining [[Gokulam Kerala FC Reserves and Academy|Gokulam Kerala Academy]] at 2018. Next year, he joined Little Flower FA at Thiruvananthapuram. From there, he joined the [[Kerala Blasters FC Reserves and Academy|Kerala Blasters Academy]] at 2022.<br /> <br /> ===2025 - Kannur Warriors FC===<br /> After performing well at the [[Kerala Blasters FC Reserves and Academy|Kerala Blasters Academy]], Ebindas was loaned to [[Super League Kerala]] club [[Kannur Warriors FC|Kannur Warriors]] on 11 November 2025. He was a pivotal part of the club, as he scored a goal, and also helped them in becoming the [[2025 Super League Kerala]] champions.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title= Kannur Warriors clinch Super League Kerala title, edge Thrissur Magic with 10 men|url=https://www.onmanorama.com/sports/football/2025/12/19/super-league-kerala-kannur-warriors-vs-thrissur-magic.amp.html|access-date=19 December 2025 |website=Onmanorama|language=en |archive-url=}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title= A Loan That Delivered – Ebindas Yesudasan|url=https://keralablastersfc.in/a-loan-that-delivered-ebindas-yesudasan/|access-date=19 December 2025 |website=Kerala Blasters|language=en |archive-url=}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ===2026–present - Kerala Blasters FC===<br /> On 31 December 2025, after finishing the loan stint with [[Kannur Warriors FC|Kannur Warriors]], Ebindas returned to the [[Kerala Blasters FC Reserves and Academy|Kerala Blasters Academy]]. On 26 January 2026, he got promoted to the [[Kerala Blasters FC|senior team]], alongside [[Muhammad Ajsal]] and Jaganath Jayan.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title= ISL 2025-26: Kerala Blasters FC promote three academy graduates to first team ahead of season|url=https://khelnow.com/football/indian-football-isl-kerala-blasters-promote-ebindas-yesudasan-jaganath-jayan-muhammed-ajsal-202601|access-date=26 January 2026 |website=Khelnow|language=en |archive-url=}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title= നിർണ്ണായക നീക്കവുമായി കേരള ബ്ലാസ്റ്റേഴ്സ്, മൂന്ന് അക്കാദമി താരങ്ങൾക്ക് പ്രൊമോഷൻ! യുവതാരക്കരുത്തിൽ കപ്പടിക്കാൻ മഞ്ഞപ്പട|url=https://malayalam.samayam.com/sports/football/indian-super-league/kerala-blasters-fc-give-promotion-to-muhammad-ajsal-and-2-others-into-senior-team-ahead-of-indian-super-league-2026/articleshow/127526372.cms|access-date=26 January 2026 |website=Samayam Malayalam|language=ml|archive-url=}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==International career==<br /> ====India Under-23====<br /> On 22 March 2026, [[India national under-23 football team|India U-23]] head coach [[Naushad Moosa]] listed Ebindas in the 24-members squad for the [[2026 Tri-Nation Series (India)|2026 Tri-Nation Series]].&lt;ref name=&quot;aiff&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Nausad Moosa names India U23 men's squad for Tri-Nation friendlies in Yupia |url=https://www.the-aiff.com/article/nausad-moosa-names-india-u23-mens-squad-for-tri-nation-friendlies-in-yupia |publisher=AIFF |date=22 March 2026 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> * [https://www.the-aiff.com/players/profile/117649?type=club Profile] at the All India Football Federation (AIFF) website<br /> {{India-footy-bio-stub}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:2005 births]]<br /> [[Category:Living people]]<br /> [[Category:Indian men's footballers]]<br /> [[Category:Men's association football midfielders]]<br /> [[Category:Kannur Warriors FC players]]<br /> [[Category:Kerala Blasters FC players]]</div>

Vinay https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sevagan&diff=534138 2026-05-03T07:58:13Z

<p>Vinay: stub!</p> <hr /> <div>{{short description|1992 film by Arjun Sarja}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=May 2022}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=May 2022}}<br /> {{Infobox film<br /> | image = Sevagan.jpg<br /> | caption = Poster<br /> | director = [[Arjun Sarja|Arjun]]<br /> | writer = Arjun&lt;br /&gt;Raja Subramanian<br /> | producer = Arjun<br /> | starring = {{ubl|Arjun|[[Khushbu Sundar|Khushbu]]}}<br /> | cinematography = Lakshmi Narayanan<br /> | editing = [[P. Sai Suresh]]<br /> | music = [[M. M. Keeravani|Maragadha Mani]]<br /> | studio = [[Sree Raam Films International]]<br /> | released = {{film date|1992|6|5|df=y}}<br /> | runtime = 140 minutes<br /> | country = India<br /> | language = Tamil<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''''Sevagan''''' ({{IPAc-en|s|eɪ|v|ə|ɡ|ən}} {{Translation|Servant}}) is a 1992 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[action film]] written, directed and produced by [[Arjun Sarja|Arjun]] in his directorial debut. The film stars him and [[Khushbu Sundar|Khushbu]], with [[Nassar (actor)|Nassar]], [[Captain Raju]] and [[Charuhasan]] in supporting roles. It was released on 5 June 1992 and became a box office success.<br /> <br /> == Plot ==<br /> {{More plot|date=May 2024}}<br /> [[Deputy superintendent of police|DSP]] Sanjay is transferred to a new city and locks horns with Sabapathy, a corrupt minister. Sabapathy is involved in [[Rum-running|liquor smuggling]], [[Procuring (prostitution)|procuring]] and [[Gaming law|illegal gambling]]. Sabapathy gets enraged after Sanjay destroys his business, so he kills Sanjay's wife Anjali. Sanjay's mentor Satyamoorthy, a politician, is also killed by Sabapathy. An enraged Sanjay finally kills Sabapathy and surrenders to the court. The court releases Sanjay as an act of self-defense and Sanjay returns to duty.<br /> <br /> == Cast ==<br /> {{Cast listing|<br /> *[[Arjun Sarja|Arjun]] as [[Deputy superintendent of police|DSP]] Sanjay<br /> *[[Khushbu Sundar|Khushbu]] as Anjali<br /> *[[Captain Raju]] as Sabapathy<br /> *[[Nassar (actor)|Nassar]] as Ashok<br /> *Rocky as Dhoni/Singh<br /> *[[Vennira Aadai Moorthy]] as Ekambaram<br /> *[[Senthil]] as Kanakambaram<br /> *[[Charuhasan]] as Sathyamoorthy<br /> *[[Ra. Sankaran]] as Shanmugam, Anjali's mother<br /> *[[M. R. Krishnamurthy|MRK]] as Arumugam<br /> *[[Kavitha (actress)|Kavitha]] as Sanjay's mother<br /> *[[C. R. Saraswathi]] as Ashok's mother<br /> <br /> ;Guest appearances<br /> *[[Ravichandran (Tamil actor)|Ravichandran]]<br /> *[[Major Sundarrajan]]<br /> }}<br /> <br /> == Production ==<br /> ''Sevagan'' marks the directorial debut of Arjun. As his acting career was floundering and stopped receiving offers from directors, Arjun himself decided to direct, produce and star in a film which became ''Sevagan''.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Anantharam |first=Chitradeepa |date=24 July 2017 |title=150 and counting: Tamil 'action King' Arjun |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/action-king-arjun-150-and-counting/article19342274.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220321032528/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/action-king-arjun-150-and-counting/article19342274.ece |archive-date=21 March 2022 |access-date=6 May 2022 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Kumar |first=S. Shiva |date=20 January 2012 |title=Silver screen's valiant hero |url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/silver-screens-valiant-hero/article13372451.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160114054709/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/silver-screens-valiant-hero/article2815490.ece |archive-date=14 January 2016 |access-date=6 May 2022 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;timesofindia&quot;&gt;{{Cite news |last=Suganth |first=M. |date=22 June 2017 |title=I've completed 150 films; let me experiment at least now |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/ive-completed-150-films-let-me-experiment-at-least-now/articleshow/59252540.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190831191741/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/ive-completed-150-films-let-me-experiment-at-least-now/articleshow/59252540.cms |archive-date=31 August 2019 |access-date=6 May 2022 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Soundtrack ==<br /> The music was composed by [[M. M. Keeravani|Maragadha Mani]], with lyrics written by [[Vairamuthu]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Amma Vanthachu / Sevagan&amp;nbsp;– Pyramid |url=https://greenhivesaudio.com/products/amma-vanthachu-sevagan-pyramid |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210514034203/https://greenhivesaudio.com/products/amma-vanthachu-sevagan-pyramid |archive-date=14 May 2021 |access-date=6 May 2022 |website=GreenHives}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;font-size:95%;&quot;<br /> ! Song !! Singer(s) !! Length<br /> |-<br /> | &quot;Kalloori Mandabathil&quot; || [[K. S. Chithra]]|| 4:10<br /> |-<br /> | &quot;Nandri Solli&quot; || [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]], Chorus || 2:47<br /> |-<br /> | &quot;Nandri Solli Paaduven&quot; || [[Mano (singer)|Mano]], K. S. Chithra|| 4:02<br /> |-<br /> | &quot;Sevagan&quot;|| S. P. Balasubrahmanyam || 3:15<br /> |-<br /> | &quot;Thanga Kaavalan&quot; || [[M. M. Keeravani|Maragadha Mani]], K. S. Chithra || 4:30<br /> |}<br /> <br /> == Release and reception ==<br /> ''Sevagan'' was released on 5 June 1992.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=சேவகன் / Sevagan (1992) |url=https://screen4screen.com/movies/sevagan |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231130144233/https://screen4screen.com/movies/sevagan |archive-date=30 November 2023 |access-date=6 May 2022 |website=Screen 4 Screen}}&lt;/ref&gt; RSP of ''[[The Indian Express]]'' gave the film a mixed review, citing &quot;the narration lacks depth [...] Kushboo has been wasted. Captain Raju fails to impress only the first song bears Maragadha Mani's stamp&quot; and praised the stunt sequences.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=RSP |date=12 June 1992 |title=Protector's pursuit |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=rmJlAAAAIBAJ&amp;sjid=H5QNAAAAIBAJ&amp;pg=342%2C1267659 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240513101312/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=rmJlAAAAIBAJ&amp;sjid=H5QNAAAAIBAJ&amp;pg=342%2C1267659 |archive-date=13 May 2024 |access-date=8 October 2016 |work=[[The Indian Express]] |pages=7 |via=[[Google News Archive]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; The film was a success, and revitalised Arjun's career.&lt;ref name=&quot;timesofindia&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> == External links ==<br /> * {{IMDb title}}<br /> {{Arjun Sarja}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:1990s police films]]<br /> [[Category:1992 action films]]<br /> [[Category:1992 directorial debut films]]<br /> [[Category:1992 films]]<br /> [[Category:1992 Indian films]]<br /> [[Category:1992 Tamil-language films]]<br /> [[Category:Fictional portrayals of the Tamil Nadu Police]]<br /> [[Category:Films about corruption in India]]<br /> [[Category:Films directed by Arjun Sarja]]<br /> [[Category:Films scored by M. M. Keeravani]]<br /> [[Category:Indian action films]]<br /> [[Category:Indian films about revenge]]<br /> [[Category:Indian police films]]<br /> [[Category:Tamil-language action films]]<br /> [[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]</div>

Vinay https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Karuthamuthu&diff=508755 2026-04-24T12:50:49Z

<p>Vinay: Adding new data initial version</p> <hr /> <div>{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2015}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=December 2015}}<br /> {{Infobox television<br /> | image = Karuthamuthu.jpeg<br /> | caption = &lt;!--Don't use captions for obvious title cards--&gt;<br /> | genre = {{plainlist|<br /> * [[Drama]]<br /> * [[Romance film|Romance]]<br /> * [[Thriller (genre)|Thriller]]<br /> }}<br /> | writer = Pradeep Panicker<br /> | story = Pradeep Panicker<br /> | director = Praveen Kadakkavoor<br /> | creative_director = <br /> | starring = <br /> | narrator = <br /> | open_theme = <br /> | end_theme = <br /> | composer = <br /> | country = India<br /> | language = Malayalam<br /> | num_seasons = 4<br /> | num_episodes = 1450&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Karuthamuthu serial crosses 1400 episodes|work=The Times of India |date=10 July 2019 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/malayalam/karuthamuthu-serial-crosses-1400-episodes/articleshow/70159379.cms |access-date=2025-05-10 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | executive_producer = <br /> | producer = <br /> | editor = Ajith Dev Pothencode<br /> | location = [[Kerala]]<br /> | cinematography = Hemachandran &lt;br&gt; B.Kumar<br /> | camera = [[Multi-camera]]<br /> | runtime = 22 minutes<br /> | company = <br /> | channel = [[Asianet (TV channel)|Asianet]]<br /> | first_aired = {{Start date|df=yes|2014|10|20}}<br /> | last_aired = {{End date|df=yes|2019|08|09}}<br /> | related = ''[[Karthika Deepam (Telugu TV series)|Karthika Deepam]]''&lt;br&gt;''[[Muddulakshmi]]''&lt;br&gt;''[[Bharathi Kannamma (2019 TV series)|Bharathi Kannamma]]''&lt;br&gt;''[[Rang Majha Vegla]]''&lt;br&gt;''[[Dil Ko Tumse Pyaar Hua]]''&lt;br&gt;''[[Anurager Chhowa]]''&lt;br&gt;''[[Kartik Purnima (TV series)|Kartik Purnima]]''&lt;br&gt;''[[Yeh Jhuki Jhuki Si Nazar]]''<br /> | image_alt = <br /> | creator = <br /> | list_episodes = <br /> | network = <br /> | released = <br /> | native_name = കറുത്തമുത്ത്<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Karuthamuthu''' ({{Translation|''Black Pearl''}}) is an Indian Malayalam-language television soap opera that premiered on Asianet on 20 October 2014. It aired for five years and ran for 1,450 episodes across four seasons, making it [[List of longest-running Indian television series#Malayalam|one of the longest ran television serials]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Gem of a role | url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/interview-with-premi-viswanath-of-karuthamuthu-serial/article7680971.ece|newspaper=The Hindu|date=24 September 2015 | first=Athira | last=M. | access-date=30 September 2018 }}&lt;/ref&gt; It is a sequel to the 2011 television series ''[[Kumkumapoovu]]'', with the narrative set after the events of the earlier series and focusing on a different family. Illekettu Namboothiri reprised his role as Satyasheelan from ''Kumkumapoovu''.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title='ഒരിക്കലും പ്രതീക്ഷിച്ചില്ല ആളുകള്‍ക്ക് എന്നോട് ദേഷ്യമാണെന്ന് ' ;ഇല്ലിക്കെട്ട് നമ്പൂതിരി|date=25 September 2022 |url=https://malayalam.filmibeat.com/television/serial-actor-illikettu-namboothiri-opens-up-never-expected-people-to-be-mad-at-me-086661.html |access-date=2025-05-10 |language=ml}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The series was also adapted into multiple television serials in other Indian languages, including Hindi, Marathi, Telugu, Tamil, Bengali, and Kannada.<br /> <br /> == Plot ==<br /> === Season 1 ===<br /> Karthika, a dark-skinned young woman raised by her stepfather Shekaran, grows up facing neglect and discrimination, while her stepsister Kanya is favoured. During a marriage alliance visit, Balachandran chooses Karthika over Kanya, while Jayachandran later marries Kanya. Unknown to Karthika, Balachandran had earlier been falsely told that he was infertile as part of a scheme orchestrated by Mareena, who was in love with him. Shekaran suppresses this information and allows the marriage to proceed. When Karthika later becomes pregnant, Balachandran suspects her fidelity, and Mareena exploits the situation further, leading Karthika to leave the household.<br /> <br /> === Season 2 ===<br /> Five years later, Karthika and her daughter are found living in hardship and are brought back by Balachandran’s family. Their return triggers renewed conflict, particularly with Mareena and Shekaran, who seek to eliminate them. Following an accident, Karthika loses her memory and comes under the care of Dr. Arun. The season also includes Jayachandran’s death, Kanya’s imprisonment for killing Mareena, and the eventual reunion of Karthika, Balachandran, and their daughter, before further family tensions emerge.<br /> <br /> === Season 3 ===<br /> After an 18-year leap, Balachandrika, the daughter of Karthika and Balachandran, becomes a sub-collector, and the story shifts to her life. Her relationship with Podimol, her cousin, becomes central, particularly as both are connected to Abhiram. Bala secretly marries Abhiram, while family tensions, misunderstandings, and later violence continue to shape their lives. After Bala gives birth, her daughter is believed lost following an accident, but the child survives and is raised elsewhere through adoption.<br /> <br /> === Season 4 ===<br /> Six years later, the child, Muthu, is growing up with her adoptive family. Subsequent events lead Bala and Abhiram to discover that Muthu is their lost daughter. The revelation causes emotional strain between both families, but a shared arrangement is eventually made for Muthu’s upbringing. The series concludes with the family reaching a reconciliation and Nathan departing on a pilgrimage.<br /> <br /> ==Cast==<br /> ===Seasons 1 and 2 (2014 – 2017)===<br /> * [[Kishor Satya]] as Dr. Balachandran<br /> * [[Premi Viswanath]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=I am happy to play Karthika of Karuthamuthu: Premi Vishwanath | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/malayalam/I-am-happy-to-play-Karthika-of-Karuthamuthu-Premi-Vishwanath/articleshow/45110132.cms|newspaper=The Times of India|date=11 November 2014| first=Deepa | last=Soman | access-date=30 September 2018 }}&lt;/ref&gt; / [[Renu Soundar]] as Karthika Balachandran: Balachandran's wife; Balachandrika's mother; Kanya's elder stepsister and sister-in-law; Mallika's daughter<br /> * [[Archana Suseelan]] as Mareena<br /> * [[Akshara Kishor]] as Balachandrika/Bala mol (200-775 episodes)&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.ibtimes.co.in/photos/akshara-kishor-bala-mol-karuthamuthu-fame-3109-slide-23433|title=Akshara Kishor: Bala Mol of 'Karuthamuthu' Fame|work=www.ibtimes.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * [[Richard N. J.]] as Jayachandran<br /> * [[Saranya Sasi]] as KanyaJayan (1 to 115 episodes)<br /> ** Lekshmi Priya replaced Saranya Sasi as KanyaJayan (episodes 116 to 774)<br /> * Santhosh Kurup as Ret Prof. Nathan<br /> * Giridhar as Sreekanth<br /> * Srihari as Kunju Shekharan<br /> * [[Sreelatha Namboothiri]] as Shekharan's mother<br /> * [[Dr. Sharmila]] as Jagadhamba<br /> * Rajani Murali as Nandini<br /> * [[Shobha Mohan]] as Arundhathi<br /> * Devendranath as Dr. Arun<br /> * [[Thara Kalyan]] as Mallika<br /> * Akhil Nair as Aromal<br /> * [[Jayakumar Parameswaran Pillai]] as Sadanam Sadu<br /> * Arun Mohan as Stephen<br /> * [[Shiju]] as Shankar Das<br /> * [[Kumkumapoovu|Lishoy]] as Dr. Fernandus<br /> * [[Balachandran Chullikkadu]] as Dr. Perumal<br /> * Bindu Murali as Lakshmi Dathan<br /> * Sree Padma as Anjana<br /> * [[Pratheeksha G Pradeep]] as Raveena<br /> * T.S.Raju as Abhi's ammavan<br /> * Sarath Swamy as Amal<br /> * Anand Narayan as Prem<br /> * Joly Easo as Constable Dakshayani <br /> * Cherthala Lalitha as Sadu's mother / Nathan's sister<br /> * Lalitha as Mallika<br /> * Sree Lakshmi as Anjana<br /> * Illikettu Namboothiri as Sathyaseelan<br /> *Dayana Hameed as Hima<br /> <br /> ===Seasons 3 and 4 (2017 – 2019)===<br /> * [[Rini Raj]] as Balachandrika Abhiram [[Indian Administrative Service|IAS]]<br /> **[[Akshara Kishore]] as young Balachandrika (Footage from season 1)<br /> * [[Darshana Das]] as Gayathri Ganeshan (Podimol)<br /> * Niya as Karthika Balachandran<br /> * [[Pradeep (Malayalam actor)|Pradeep Chandran]] as Commissioner Abhiram [[Indian Police Service|IPS]]<br /> * Baby Kezhiya as Muthu<br /> * [[Shalu Menon]] as Kanya Jayan<br /> Replaced by Lekshmi priya <br /> * <br /> * <br /> * Kiran Iyer as Ganeshan<br /> * Santhosh Kurup as Ret Prof. Nathan<br /> * Giridhar as Sreekanth<br /> * Srihari as Kunju Shekharan<br /> * [[Sreelatha Namboothiri]] as Shekharan's mother<br /> * [[Dr. Sharmila]] as Jagadhamba<br /> * Soniya Baiju Kottarakkara as Kaipatoor Kanaka<br /> * Anoop Sivasenan as Sukeshan<br /> * Niya as Karthika Balachandran<br /> * Soorya Praveen as Ganga Sukeshan<br /> * Bindu Ramakrishnan as Sukeshan's mother<br /> * [[Babu Annur]] as Sukesan's father<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> * {{IMDb name|8669448}}<br /> {{Asianet programs}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Indian television soap operas]]<br /> [[Category:2014 Indian television series debuts]]<br /> [[Category:Malayalam-language television shows]]<br /> [[Category:Indian drama television series]]<br /> [[Category:Asianet (TV channel) original programming]]<br /> [[Category:2019 Indian television series endings]]</div>

Vinay https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Marayya_Nayaka&diff=516444 2026-04-23T04:40:07Z

<p>Vinay: Starting New Pg!</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|General in the Vijayanagara Empire}}<br /> {{orphan|date=January 2025}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=August 2025}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=August 2025}}<br /> {{Infobox officeholder<br /> | name = Marayya Nayaka<br /> | image =<br /> | caption = <br /> | office1 = <br /> | term_start1 = <br /> | term_end1 = <br /> | parents = Somappa Dandanayaka<br /> | office2 = <br /> | term_start2 = <br /> | term_end2 = <br /> | birth_name = <br /> | birth_date = <br /> | death_date = <br /> | issue = <br /> | children = <br /> | monarch = [[Bukka Raya I]]<br /> | monarch2 = <br /> | monarch1 = <br /> | office3 = <br /> | monarch3 = <br /> | term_start3 = <br /> | term_end3 = <br /> | honorific_prefix = ''Ariya Aran Alitta''&lt;br /&gt;''Muvarayakandan''<br /> | battles = {{collapsible list|title = {{nobold|''See list''}}|{{tree list}}<br /> * [[Kampana's invasion of Madurai]]<br /> {{tree list/end}}<br /> }}<br /> | resting_place = <br /> | relations = <br /> | successor = <br /> | death_place = <br /> | term_end = <br /> | term_start = <br /> | allegiance = [[Vijayanagara Empire]]<br /> | occupation = [[Commander]]<br /> | service_years = 1360–1370<br /> | branch = [[Vijayanagara Empire|Vijayanagara Army]]<br /> | unit = [[Vijayanagara Empire|Vijayanagara Infantry]]<br /> | office = [[General]] of the [[Vijayanagara Empire]]<br /> | rank = [[General]]<br /> | birth_place = <br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Marayya Nayaka''' the son of Somappa Dandanayaka, was a prominent general in the [[Vijayanagara Empire]] who played a crucial role in [[Kumara Kampana]]'s campaign in the [[Tondaimandalam]] region in [[southern India]] during the late medieval [[Hinduism|Hindu]] period. His valor and strategic brilliance earned him several titles, including Ariya Aranalitta for destroying the formidable fortresses of the Sambuvarayas and Muvarayakandan for his significant contributions to the campaign. Marayya Nayaka not only captured key fortresses but also made the Sambuvaraya ruler a prisoner, which greatly pleased both [[Bukka Raya I]] and [[Kumara Kampana]].&lt;ref name=&quot;aps&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;bps&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Origin==<br /> Marayya Nayaka, played an important role in the conquest of Tondaimandalam and Madurai under the leadership of [[Kumara Kampana]] during the [[Vijayanagara Empire]]'s southern campaigns. He was the elder son of Somappa Dandanayaka, a prominent figure and minister of [[Kumara Kampana]] and had a younger brother named Dharani Appar, who is briefly mentioned in an inscription.&lt;ref name=&quot;bps&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/madhuravijaya-of-gangadevi-thiruvenkatachari-mula-and-translation/page/n41/mode/1up?view=theater |title=Madhuravijaya Of Gangadevi Thiruvenkatachari MUla And Translation |language=English|pages=33–64}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Ramesan |first=N. |url=https://archive.org/details/dli.ministry.09226/page/32/mode/1up?view=theater |title=Andhra Pradesh district gazetteers :Chittoor |date=1979 |publisher=Andhra Pradesh|page=32}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Military career==<br /> ===Campaign in Tondaimandalam===<br /> ====Siege of Rajagambhiranmalai====<br /> After suffering a defeat at [[Kanchi]] against Kumara Kampana, the Sambuvaraya ruler fled the battlefield and sought refuge in his stronghold at the impregnable Padavidu fortress. [[Kumara Kampana]] determined to end the conflict, stationed his forces at [[Kanchi]] for a time to regroup and plan the final assault. The [[Vijayanagara army]] then launched a campaign against Rajagambhiranmalai, the hill fort protecting Padavidu. They successfully scaled the fort's walls and overwhelmed the Sambuvaraya forces, who found themselves trapped and decimated by the superior [[Vijayanagara]] troops. Maraya Nayaka, one of [[Kumara Kampana]]'s key generals, is credited in inscriptions with eliminating the formidable enemy, referred to as Aliya Aran. The &quot;[[Madhura Vijayam]]&quot; narrates a dramatic duel between [[Kumara Kampana]] and the Sambuvaraya ruler, which ended with the latter's death, marking the decisive victory of [[Vijayanagara]] and the complete subjugation of the Sambuvaraya kingdom.&lt;ref name=&quot;aps&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |last=A. Krishna Swami |url=https://archive.org/details/tva-bok-0027340-tva-bok-0027340-the-tamil-country-under-vijayanagar/page/13/mode/1up?view=theater |title=TVA BOK 0027340 TVA BOK 0027340 The Tamil Country Under Vijayanagar |date=2025-01-12|pages=13–53}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;bps&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=S.Natarjan |url=https://archive.org/details/history-of-tamil-nadu-1311-1801/page/12/mode/1up?view=theater |title=History Of Tamil Nadu 1311 1801 |date=January 2024|pages=13–14}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;dps&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |last=Francis Cyril Antony |url=https://archive.org/details/dli.csl.3216/page/n164/mode/1up?view=theater |title=Gazetteers of India, Union Territory of Pondicherry Volume I |date=1982 |publisher=Pondicherry, Directorate of Stationery and Printing|page=154}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Srinivasachari |first=C. S. |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.500497/page/n64/mode/1up?view=theater |title=A History Of Gingee And Its Rulers |date=1943 |pages=48–49|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> he destroyed many of the formidable fortresses of the Sambuvaraya dynasty during the campaign. His efforts in breaching these strongholds earned him the prestigious title of 'Ariya Aranalitta', meaning &quot;the destroyer of strong fortresses&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;aps&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Rewards==<br /> Marayya Nayaka's exceptional military achievements during the conquest of Tondaimandalam brought him great recognition and honor from [[Bukka Raya I]] and [[Kumara Kampana]]. His successful capture of numerous impregnable fortresses belonging to the Sambuvaraya dynasty and the eventual capture of the Sambuvaraya ruler himself earned him immense praise. Overwhelmed with pride, his father, Somappa Dandanayaka, celebrated the heroic exploits of his son. Kumara Kampana bestowed upon Marayya Nayaka the title of 'Muvarayakandan'. Additionally, he was rewarded with the free gift of the village of Annamangalapparru.&lt;ref name=&quot;aps&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Cultural activities==<br /> In honor of his remarkable victory over the Sambuvaraya and the successful conquest of their fortresses, Marayya Nayaka undertook a significant act of commemoration in the village of Annamangalapparru. In 1363 CE, shortly after the defeat of the Sambuvaraya, he commissioned the construction of a tower in the second prakara (outer courtyard) of the Kulandaiyandar temple.&lt;ref name=&quot;aps&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> Marayya Nayaka also left a legacy as a pious philanthropist. Inscription No. 236 of 1928 records that he founded the village of Somappa Dandanayaka Chaturvedimangalam in honor of his father, Somappa. This village, now known as Sattampadi in Tindivanam Taluk, was transformed into a garvamanya (prestigious) village. It was divided into forty-two shares, with two shares allocated to the temple and the remaining forty distributed among Brahmins. Additionally, a record from Tirukkoyilur mentions a coconut garden donated by temple trustees in recognition of Marayya Nayaka's numerous gifts and endowments to the local [[Shiva temple]].&lt;ref name=&quot;aps&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> * [[Gopana]]<br /> * [[Kumara Kampana]]<br /> * [[Saluva Mangu]]<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{Authority control}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Nayaka, Marayya}}<br /> [[Category:Vijayanagara generals]]<br /> [[Category:Indian warriors]]<br /> [[Category:Indian military personnel]]</div>

Vinay https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eutelsat_OneWeb&diff=549352 2026-04-20T09:45:55Z

<p>Vinay: put up data</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Global communications company}}<br /> {{Use British English|date=July 2020}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=March 2020}}<br /> {{Infobox company<br /> | name = Eutelsat OneWeb<br /> | image = KSC-20170316-PH KLS01 0007~orig.jpg<br /> | image_caption = Model of a first generation OneWeb satellite<br /> | logo = Eutelsat_OneWeb_logo.svg<br /> | logo_caption = <br /> | logo_size = <br /> | type = [[Subsidiary]]<br /> | industry = [[Satellite Internet access]]<br /> | predecessor = WorldVu Satellites<br /> | successor = <br /> | foundation = {{Start date and age|2012||}}<br /> | founder = [[Greg Wyler]]&lt;ref name=&quot;tech review&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;SN-200504&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;ars-200330&quot; /&gt;<br /> | defunct = <br /> | area_served = Worldwide<br /> | key_people = Eva Berneke {{small|([[Chief executive officer|CEO]])}}&lt;ref name=sn20201120/&gt;<br /> | products = <br /> | owner = <br /> | num_employees = {{Increase}} ~600<br /> | num_employees_year = March 2022<br /> | parent = [[Eutelsat|Eutelsat Group]]<br /> | subsid = Airbus OneWeb Satellites (50% owner)<br /> | website = {{URL|https://oneweb.net}}<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Eutelsat OneWeb''' is a subsidiary of the French group [[Eutelsat]] providing [[Broadband#Computer networks|broadband]] [[Satellite Internet access|satellite Internet services]] in [[Low Earth orbit |low Earth orbit (LEO)]].&lt;ref name=&quot;pr-20180308&quot;&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/oneweb-finalizes-executive-team-appointments-leading-up-to-the-launch-of-global-constellation-and-services-300610596.html|title=OneWeb Finalizes Executive Team Appointments Leading Up to the Launch of Global Constellation and Services|agency=PR Newswire|author=OneWeb|date=8 March 2018 |access-date=22 April 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;govuk&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/news/18m-for-oneweb-satellite-constellation-to-deliver-global-communications|title=£18m for OneWeb satellite constellation to deliver global communications|publisher=UK Space Agency|date=2019-02-18}}&lt;/ref&gt; The company has offices in Paris (France), London (UK) and Virginia (US),&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last=Yamazaki|first=Makiko|date=19 December 2016|title=SoftBank to invest US$1 billion in U.S. venture OneWeb as part of US$50 billion pledge|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-oneweb-softbank-idUSKBN14818O|access-date=28 March 2020|work=Reuters}}&lt;/ref&gt; and satellite manufacturing facilities in Florida and Toulouse{{snd}}Airbus OneWeb Satellites{{snd}}that is a joint venture with [[Airbus Defence and Space]]. <br /> <br /> The company was founded as WorldVu by [[Greg Wyler]] in 2012&lt;ref name=&quot;tech review&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.technologyreview.com/2020/04/07/998555/podcast-the-satellite-boom-that-threatens-to-clog-the-skies/ |title=Podcast: The satellite boom that threatens to clog the skies|publisher=MIT Technology Review|access-date=2020-05-04}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;SN-200504&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Soyuz launches 34 OneWeb satellites |url=https://spacenews.com/soyuz-launches-34-oneweb-satellites/|date=2020-03-21|publisher=SpaceNews|access-date=2020-05-04}}&lt;/ref&gt; and later, as OneWeb, launched its first six satellites in February 2019. It entered bankruptcy in March 2020 after failing to raise the required capital to complete the build and deployment of the remaining 90% of the network. The company emerged from the bankruptcy proceedings and reorganisation in November 2020 with a new ownership group. {{As of|2021|post=,}} Indian multinational company [[Bharti Enterprises|Bharti Global]], France-based satellite service provider Eutelsat and the [[Government of the United Kingdom]] were the company's largest shareholders, while Japan's [[SoftBank]] retained an equity holding of 12%.&lt;ref name=&quot;sn20201120&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;sn-20210115&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> In March 2023, the number of satellites reached 618, enough to provide global coverage. In September 2023, Eutelsat announced the completion of its merger with OneWeb and the creation of a new Eutelsat Group company, with subsidiaries Eutelsat and Eutelsat OneWeb.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite press release |author=&lt;!--Not stated--&gt; |title=Eutelsat and OneWeb Combination Heralds New Era in Space Connectivity as World's First GEO-LEO Operator |url=https://www.eutelsat.com/en/news/press.html#/pressreleases/eutelsat-and-oneweb-combination-heralds-new-era-in-space-connectivity-as-worlds-first-geo-leo-operator-3276261 |location=Paris |publisher= |agency= |date=2023-09-28 |access-date=2023-10-02}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;cnbc-eutelsat-oneweb&quot;&gt;{{cite news |last1=Browne |first1=Ryan |last2=Sheetz |first2=Michael |title=Eutelsat and OneWeb combine to create European satellite giant as Musk's Starlink pressures sector |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2023/09/28/eutelsat-oneweb-merge-to-create-satellite-challenger-to-musks-starlink.html |access-date=2 October 2023 |work=CNBC |date=29 September 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == History ==<br /> [[File:OneWeb satellite manufacturing facility, Merritt Island, Florida, 2019 01.jpg|thumb|OneWeb satellite manufacturing facility in [[Merritt Island, Florida]].|310x310px]]<br /> <br /> The company was founded in 2012 under the name WorldVu,&lt;ref name=&quot;prnewswire&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/oneweb-announces-plans-to-launch-a-new-satellite-constellation-to-bring-high-speed-internet-to-underserved-areas-around-the-world-288708881.html|title=OneWeb Announces Plans to Launch a New Satellite Constellation to Bring High-Speed Internet to Underserved Areas Around the World|publisher=PR Newswire|date=15 January 2015 |access-date=15 February 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; and was based in Britain's [[Channel Islands]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://spacenews.com/41755worldvu-a-satellite-startup-aiming-to-provide-global-internet/|title=WorldVu, a Satellite Startup Aiming To Provide Global Internet Connectivity, Continues To Grow Absent Clear Google Relationship|publisher=SpaceNews|last=de Selding|first=Peter B.|date=3 September 2014|access-date=15 February 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> === Google participation and transfer of the spectrum ===<br /> Early reports of [[Google]] entry into broadband internet services emerged in February 2014, when [[Greg Wyler]], along with two collaborators— [[Michael Tseytlin]], who led engineering, and [[Steven Fay]], who oversaw finance - developed and popularised the concept of a [[mega-constellation]] with as many as 1600 satellites.&lt;ref name=m_pa20140216&gt;{{cite news|last1=Messier|first1=Doug|title=Is Google Planning Son of Teledesic?|url=http://www.parabolicarc.com/2014/02/16/google-planning-son-teledesic/|access-date=2014-06-14|publisher=Parabolic Arc|date=2014-02-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140702125309/http://www.parabolicarc.com/2014/02/16/google-planning-son-teledesic/|archive-date=2014-07-02|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; In May 2014, the early concept had been to have at least 20 satellites operating in each of 20 [[Orbital plane (astronomy)|orbital plane]]s to provide consistent internet coverage over the surface of the [[Earth]].&lt;ref name=m_sn20140530/&gt;<br /> <br /> By June 2014, WorldVu (later to be renamed to OneWeb) had acquired the satellite spectrum that was formerly owned by SkyBridge, a company that went bankrupt in 2000,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://qz.com//satellite-internet-is-a-space-business-widow-maker-so-why-does-elon-musk-want-in/|title=Satellite internet is a space business widow-maker—so why does Elon Musk want in? — Quartz|first=Tim|last=Fernholz|website=Quartz|access-date=23 April 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; in a much earlier attempt to offer broadband Internet services via satellite.&lt;ref name=m_srb20140603&gt;{{cite news|last1=Boucher|first1=Marc|title=Will Google Build a Satellite Constellation?|url=http://spaceref.biz/company/will-google-build-a-satellite-constellation.html|access-date=2014-06-14|publisher=SpacRef Business |date=2014-06-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140716035558/http://spaceref.biz/company/will-google-build-a-satellite-constellation.html|archive-date=2014-07-16|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> By September 2014, the WorldVu company had 30 employees, and several Google employees who had joined Google as part of the acquisition of [[O3b Networks]] in 2013 — [[Greg Wyler]], [[Brian Holz]], [[Michael Tseytlin]] and [[David Bettinger]] — left Google to become a part of WorldVu Satellites Ltd. They took with them the rights to a certain radio frequency spectrum that could be used to provide Internet access. At the time, WorldVu was working closely with [[SpaceX]] and SpaceX's founder [[Elon Musk]] to explore satellite internet services,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Google Satellite Employee Greg Wyler Leaves Company|url=https://online.wsj.com/articles/google-satellite-executive-greg-wyler-leaves-company-1409708338|access-date=2014-08-03|newspaper=The Wall Street Journal|date=2014-08-02|url-access=subscription |quote=''A key employee leading Google Inc.'s efforts to beam Internet access from satellites has left the company and isbett now working closely with Space Exploration Technologies Corp. and its founder Elon Musk, according to people familiar with the matter... It isn't clear why the WorldVu team departed Google.''|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140905143850/http://online.wsj.com/articles/google-satellite-executive-greg-wyler-leaves-company-1409708338|archive-date=2014-09-05|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; although no formal relationship had been established and no launch commitments had been made in 2014.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=WorldVu, a Satellite Startup Aiming To Provide Global Internet Connectivity, Continues To Grow Absent Clear Google Relationship |url=http://www.spacenews.com/article/satellite-telecom/41755worldvu-a-satellite-startup-aiming-to-provide-global-internet|archive-url=https://archive.today/20140903223335/http://www.spacenews.com/article/satellite-telecom/41755worldvu-a-satellite-startup-aiming-to-provide-global-internet|url-status=dead|archive-date=3 September 2014 |publisher=SpaceNews|date=2014-08-03|access-date=2014-08-03}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> === SpaceX, initial manufacturing plans ===<br /> By November 2014, ''[[The Wall Street Journal]]'' reported that Musk and Wyler were considering options for building a factory to manufacture high-volume low-cost satellites, and that &quot;initial talks had been held with state officials in [[Florida]] and [[Colorado]]&quot; about potentially locating a factory in those states,&lt;ref name=m_wsj20141107/&gt; as well as that SpaceX would likely launch the satellites.&lt;ref name=m_wsj20141107&gt;{{cite news|last1=Winkler|first1=Rolfe|last2=Pasztor|first2=Andy|title=Elon Musk's Next Mission: Internet Satellites SpaceX, Tesla Founder Explores Venture to Make Lighter, Cheaper Satellites |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/elon-musks-next-mission-internet-satellites-1415390062|access-date=2017-10-19|newspaper=The Wall Street Journal|date=2014-11-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171020033331/https://www.wsj.com/articles/elon-musks-next-mission-internet-satellites-1415390062|archive-date=2017-10-20|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Also in November 2014, WorldVu issued a tender &quot;to satellite manufacturers for 640 125-kg satellites&quot;, asking for responses by mid-December 2014, having secured regulatory approval for use of the requisite [[electromagnetic spectrum]] [[Radio frequency|communication frequencies]] in mid-2014.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.parabolicarc.com/2014/11/11/worldvu-satellites-issues-rfp-640-satellites/|last1=Messier |first1=Doug|title=WorldVu Satellites Issues RFP for 640 Satellites|publisher=Parabolic Arc|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141129012801/http://www.parabolicarc.com/2014/11/11/worldvu-satellites-issues-rfp-640-satellites/|archive-date=2014-11-29|url-status=live|date=2014-11-11|access-date=2014-11-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Rolfe Winkler, &quot;Elon Musk Confirms SpaceX Is Building Internet Satellites&quot;, The Wall Street Journal, 11/11/2014&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The 2014 OneWeb solicitation to satellite manufacturers was for a total build of approximately 900 [[Small satellite|small Internet-delivery satellites]], including ground and on-orbit spares. Responses were received from both European and American manufacturers including [[Airbus Defence and Space]], [[Lockheed Martin Space|Lockheed Martin Space Systems]], [[OHB SE]], [[SSL (company)|SSL]] and [[Thales Alenia Space]], and discussions focused on how each of these companies might &quot;escape their status-quo histories as major space hardware contractors and remake themselves into producers capable of producing multiple satellites per month, each with a cost of fewer than US$500,000&quot;.&lt;ref name=m_sn20150319/&gt; OneWeb announced that it planned to form a [[joint venture]] with the winning bidder and open a new facility for manufacturing the new [[smallsat]]s.&lt;ref name=m_sn20150319&gt;{{cite news|last1=de Selding|first1=Peter B.|title=Competition To Build OneWeb Constellation Draws 2 U.S., 3 European Companies |url=http://spacenews.com/competition-to-build-oneweb-constellation-draws-2-u-s-3-european-companies/|access-date=20 March 2015|publisher=SpaceNews|date=2015-03-19}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> === Funding from Virgin Group and Qualcomm ===<br /> In January 2015, ''The Wall Street Journal'' reported that WorldVu, now operating under the name OneWeb Ltd, had secured funding from [[Virgin Group]] and [[Qualcomm]] to build and launch the constellation.&lt;ref name=&quot;:m_1&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;sn20150115&quot;/&gt; OneWeb also divulged that the planned satellites would weigh approximately 125&amp;nbsp;kg and that the plans were to deploy approximately 650 of them in [[low Earth orbit]] to operate at {{cvt|1200|km}} [[Geocentric orbit|altitude]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:m_1&quot;&gt;{{cite news|title=Greg Wyler's OneWeb Satellite-Internet Company Secures Funding|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/greg-wylers-oneweb-satellite-internet-company-secures-funding-1421278832|last1=Winkler|first1=Rolfe|work=The Wall Street Journal|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150115122352/http://www.wsj.com/articles/greg-wylers-oneweb-satellite-internet-company-secures-funding-1421278832|archive-date=2015-01-15|url-status=live|date=2015-01-14|access-date=2015-01-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=sn20150115&gt;{{cite news|last1=de Selding |first1=Peter B.|title=Virgin, Qualcomm Invest in OneWeb Satellite Internet Venture|url=http://spacenews.com/virgin-qualcomm-invest-in-global-satellite-internet-plan/ |access-date=16 January 2015 |publisher=SpaceNews|date=15 January 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; Just a few days later, Elon Musk announced the rival [[Starlink]] venture, with the opening of the [[Starlink|SpaceX satellite development facility]] in [[Seattle]], [[Washington (state)|Washington]], with the intent of taking [[SpaceX]] itself into the business of internet provision and internet [[Backhaul (telecommunications)|backhaul services]], initially announced as aiming to build an approximately 4000-satellite constellation, with the first generation becoming operational in approximately 2020.&lt;ref name=lat20150116&gt;{{cite news|last1=Petersen|first1=Melody |title=Elon Musk and Richard Branson invest in satellite-Internet ventures|url=https://www.latimes.com/business/la-fi-satellite-entrepreneurs-20150117-story.html|access-date=19 January 2015|newspaper=Los Angeles Times|date=16 January 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150119045513/http://www.latimes.com/business/la-fi-satellite-entrepreneurs-20150117-story.html|archive-date=19 January 2015|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The satellites for the OneWeb constellation were initially announced to be in the {{cvt|110|kg}} class, about the same size as the two Earth-imaging satellites that were then operated by [[SkySat|Skybox Imaging]], which Google [[Mergers and acquisitions|acquired]] in August 2014.&lt;ref name=sn20150115/&gt;&lt;ref name=syboxPress20140801&gt;{{cite press release|url=http://www.skyboximaging.com/blog/skybox-imaging-google|title=Skybox Imaging + Google|publisher=Skybox Imaging|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141113015519/http://www.skyboximaging.com/blog/skybox-imaging-google|date=2014-08-01|access-date=2014-11-12|archive-date=2014-11-13|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=sfn20140610&gt;{{cite news|url=http://spaceflightnow.com/news/n1406/10google/#.U5ymfrHigfE|title=Google buys startup Skybox Imaging for US$500 million |date=2014-06-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140614203846/http://www.spaceflightnow.com/news/n1406/10google/#.U5ymfrHigfE|publisher=Spaceflight Now|archive-date=2014-06-14|access-date=2014-06-15|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; However, by the following year, sources put the satellites nearer {{cvt|150|-|200|kg}} in mass.&lt;ref name=m_sn20150319/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;bbc20150625&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> === Pre-launch agreements and investments ===<br /> In 2015, OneWeb secured US$500 million in funding, and agreed to purchase certain future launch services, from existing aerospace industry companies [[Arianespace]] and [[Virgin Galactic]].&lt;ref name=nbc20150625&gt;{{cite news|title=OneWeb Wins US$500 Million in Backing for Internet Satellite Network|url=http://www.nbcnews.com/science/space/oneweb-wins-500-million-backing-internet-satellite-network-n381691|publisher=NBC News|last=Boyle|first=Alan|date=2015-06-25|access-date=2016-02-08}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=sn20140530&gt;{{cite news|title=Google-backed Global Broadband Venture Secures Spectrum for Satellite Network|url=http://spacenews.com/40736google-backed-global-broadband-venture-secures-spectrum-for-satellite/|publisher=SpaceNews|last=de Selding|first=Peter B.|date=2014-05-30|access-date=2016-02-08}}&lt;/ref&gt; In June 2015, OneWeb also entered into a deal with [[Airbus Defence and Space]] for the construction of its broadband Internet satellites after a competition among American and European manufacturers.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=OneWeb selects Airbus to build 900 Internet satellites|publisher=Spaceflight Now|url=http://spaceflightnow.com/2015/06/15/oneweb-selects-airbus-to-build-900-internet-satellites/|first=Stephen |last=Clark|access-date=2016-02-08}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In July 2016, one year after the initial announcement, OneWeb stated they were on schedule.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://spacenews.com/one-year-after-kickoff-oneweb-says-its-700-satellite-constellation-is-on-schedule/|title=One year after kickoff, OneWeb says its 700-satellite constellation is on schedule|last=de Selding|first=Peter B.|date=6 July 2016|access-date=28 March 2020|publisher=SpaceNews}}&lt;/ref&gt; In December 2016, OneWeb raised US$1 billion from [[SoftBank Group|SoftBank Group Corp.]] and US$200 million from existing investors.&lt;ref name=sn201702/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/oneweb-softbank/softbank-to-invest-1-billion-in-u-s-satellite-venture-oneweb-idUSL4N1EE3I6|title=SoftBank to invest US$1 billion in U.S. satellite venture OneWeb|last=Weir|first=Keith|work=Reuters|date=19 December 2016|access-date=2016-12-19}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In February 2017, OneWeb announced that it expected to sell all of its capacity by launch time.&lt;ref name=&quot;sn201702&quot; /&gt; At the time, it had formally announced capacity sold for a joint [[Gogo Inflight Internet|Gogo]] and [[Intelsat]] venture.&lt;ref name=&quot;sn201702&quot;/&gt; OneWeb's founder and then executive chairman [[Greg Wyler]] announced he was considering nearly quadrupling the size of the satellite constellation by adding 1972 additional satellites that OneWeb had priority rights to.&lt;ref name=sn201702&gt;{{cite web|url=https://spacenews.com/oneweb-weighing-2000-more-satellites/|title=OneWeb weighing 2,000 more satellites |publisher=SpaceNews|last=Pultarova|first=Tereza|date=24 February 2017|access-date=23 April 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; With the original capital raise of US$500 million in 2015, plus the US$1 billion investment of SoftBank in 2016, previous &quot;investors committed to an additional US$200 million, bringing OneWeb's total capital raised to US$1.7 billion&quot;.&lt;ref name=sn201702/&gt; A [[Mergers and acquisitions|merger]] arrangement with [[Intelsat]] that had been in negotiations during May 2017 collapsed in June 2017 and did not go forward.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://spacenews.com/oneweb-says-no-steam-lost-despite-intelsat-merger-unravelling/|title=OneWeb says no steam lost despite Intelsat merger unravelling|publisher=SpaceNews|last=Henry|first=Caleb|date=1 June 2017|access-date=23 April 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> === Manufacturing and constellation rollout ===<br /> <br /> The constellation was originally announced in June 2014 to be just half of the total of approximately 720 satellites. A quarter of the satellites were to make up the initial constellation, and these would operate in the lower of the two proposed orbits, at approximately {{cvt|850|km}}.&lt;ref name=m_srb20140603/&gt; The initial constellation would presumably be raised or lowered into its final orbital altitude of either {{cvt|800|km}} or {{cvt|950|km}} as consumer and business use of the broadband service grows over time.&lt;ref name=m_sn20140530&gt;{{cite news|last1=de Selding|first1=Peter B.|title=Google-backed Global Broadband Venture Secures Spectrum for Satellite Network|url=http://www.spacenews.com/article/satellite-telecom/40736google-backed-global-broadband-venture-secures-spectrum-for-satellite|archive-url=https://archive.today/20140615104011/http://www.spacenews.com/article/satellite-telecom/40736google-backed-global-broadband-venture-secures-spectrum-for-satellite|url-status=dead|archive-date=15 June 2014 |publisher=SpaceNews|date=2014-05-30|access-date=2014-06-14}}&lt;/ref&gt; By early 2015, OneWeb indicated that the first launches would occur no earlier than 2017.&lt;ref name=sn20150115/&gt;<br /> <br /> In February 2016, OneWeb announced that they would set up an assembly and test facility in [[Florida]] with plans to assemble and launch the majority of the satellites by the end of 2019, while manufacturing an additional 250 of the 140&amp;nbsp;kg-satellites as spares to be used in later years.&lt;ref name=&quot;m_wsj20160203&quot;&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/oneweb-satellite-startup-to-set-up-manufacturing-in-florida-1454523492|title=OneWeb Satellite Startup to Set up Manufacturing in Florida|newspaper=The Wall Street Journal|date=2016-01-03|access-date=2016-02-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160203231155/http://www.wsj.com/articles/oneweb-satellite-startup-to-set-up-manufacturing-in-florida-1454523492|archive-date=2016-02-03|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In 2019, OneWeb had formed a joint venture, OneWeb Satellites, with the European company [[Airbus Defence and Space]] in order to manufacture its satellites in higher volume and at lower cost than any satellites previously built by Airbus. A manufacturing facility was built in [[Merritt Island, Florida]]. Initial satellite production at the new facility began in mid-2019 and by January 2020, the factory reached the target production rate of two satellites per day.&lt;ref name=sn20200206&gt;{{cite news|url=https://spacenews.com/oneweb-plans-april-launch-break-to-tweak-satellite-design/|title=OneWeb plans April launch break to tweak satellite design|publisher=SpaceNews|last=Henry|first=Caleb|date=6 February 2020|access-date=23 March 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> By the time the actual orbital deployment of the constellation began, in February 2019, the planned constellation size had settled once again at 648, near the original projection, with 600 active satellites and 48 on-orbit spares.&lt;ref name=sn20190227&gt;{{cite news|last=Henry|first=Caleb|url=https://spacenews.com/first-six-oneweb-satellites-launch-on-soyuz-rocket/|title=OneWeb's first six satellites in orbit following Soyuz launch|publisher=SpaceNews|date=27 February 2019|access-date=4 March 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In January 2020, OneWeb reached a production rate of two satellites per day. In February 2020, the company launched its first large batch of satellites.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://spacenews.com/oneweb-plans-april-launch-break-to-tweak-satellite-design/|title=OneWeb plans April launch break to tweak satellite design|date=6 February 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://spaceflightnow.com/2020/02/04/first-satellites-off-onewebs-new-florida-assembly-line-set-for-launch-this-week/|title=First satellites off OneWeb's new Florida assembly line set for Launch this week|publisher=Spaceflight Now|date=6 February 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In January 2021, OneWeb amended its application with the [[Federal Communications Commission]] (FCC) to change the number of satellites planned for its Phase Two constellation to 6,372.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |first=Samantha |last=Mathewson|title=Arianespace to launch new fleet of OneWeb internet satellites tonight. Here's how to watch.|date=24 March 2021|url=https://www.space.com/arianespace-oneweb-5-satellites-launch-webcast|access-date=2021-06-30|publisher=Space.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=OneWeb launches 36 more satellites for LEO broadband fleet|date=June 2021|url=https://www.fiercewireless.com/wireless/oneweb-launches-36-more-satellites-for-leo-broadband-fleet|newspaper=Fierce Wireless|access-date=2021-06-30}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> === First launches and additional investments ===<br /> On 27 February 2019, OneWeb launched its first six satellites into 1,200&amp;nbsp;km &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=OneWeb - Satellite Missions|url=https://directory.eoportal.org/web/eoportal/satellite-missions/o/oneweb|access-date=2020-10-23|website=directory.eoportal.org}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[low Earth orbit]] from the [[Guiana Space Centre|Centre Spatial Guyanais]] in [[French Guiana]] using a [[Soyuz-2]] launch vehicle.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{cite web |last=Hanneke |first=Weitering |date=2019-02-27 |title=Soyuz Rocket Will Launch the 1st OneWeb Satellites Today |url=https://www.space.com/arianespace-oneweb-satellites-launch-webcast.html |access-date=2019-02-27 |publisher=Space.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.oneweb.world/newsroom/oneweb-makes-history-as-first-launch-mission-is-a-success|title=OneWeb makes history as first launch mission is a success|date=2019-02-28 |publisher=OneWeb|access-date=28 February 2019|archive-date=15 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190515095707/https://www.oneweb.world/newsroom/oneweb-makes-history-as-first-launch-mission-is-a-success|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; The same day OneWeb announced that it had signed its first two client agreements marking the beginning of its commercialisation.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=https://www.oneweb.world/newsroom/oneweb-announces-first-two-client-agreements-start-of-commercial-network-commercialisation|title=OneWeb Announces First Two Client Agreements - Start of Commercial Network Commercialisation|publisher=OneWeb|date=2019-02-27|access-date=2019-02-27|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190512165012/https://www.oneweb.world/newsroom/oneweb-announces-first-two-client-agreements-start-of-commercial-network-commercialisation|archive-date=12 May 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; On 18 March 2019, OneWeb announced it had secured US$1.25 billion in funding following a successful first launch. The funding was from existing investors [[SoftBank Capital|SoftBank]] and [[Qualcomm]], as well as [[Grupo Salinas]] and the [[Politics of Rwanda|Government of Rwanda]].&lt;ref name=bloomberg20190318&gt;{{cite news |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-03-18/oneweb-raises-fresh-1-25-billion-for-internet-system-from-space?|title=OneWeb Raises Fresh US$1.25 Billion for Internet System From Space |publisher=Bloomberg|last=Vance|first=Ashlee|author-link=Ashlee Vance|date=18 March 2019|access-date=21 March 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> By August 2019, the company had six of its satellites broadcasting at the right frequencies for 90 days, meeting the &quot;use-it-or-lose-it&quot; spectrum conditions set by the [[United Nations]]' [[International Telecommunication Union]] (ITU).&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-08-07/oneweb-claims-a-win-in-internet-space-race-with-musk-and-bezos?srnd=markets-vp|title=OneWeb Claims a Win in Internet Space Race Against Musk and Bezos|last=Seal|first=Thomas|publisher=Bloomberg|date=7 August 2019|access-date=12 November 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; This secured the rights OneWeb needed to operate its global satellite broadband network.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> In February and March 2020, the company launched an additional 68 satellites to orbit, stating that launches would be paused to allow a minor design modification to be made before planning to resume in May 2020.&lt;ref name=sn20200206/&gt;<br /> <br /> === Bankruptcy ===<br /> On 27 March 2020, OneWeb Global Limited and 18 affiliates filed for [[bankruptcy]] in the [[United States Bankruptcy Court for the Southern District of New York]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=https://spaceflightnow.com/2020/03/30/oneweb-files-for-bankruptcy/|title=OneWeb files for bankruptcy|last=Clark|first=Stephen|publisher=Spaceflight Now|date=30 March 2020|access-date=30 March 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;wired-bankrupt&quot;&gt;{{cite news|last=Oberhaus|first=Daniel|date=27 March 2020|title=SpaceX Competitor OneWeb Is Reportedly Bankrupt|publisher=Wired|url=https://www.wired.com/story/spacex-competitor-oneweb-is-reportedly-bankrupt|access-date=28 March 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;ars-200330&quot;&gt;{{cite web|last=Brodkin|first=Jon|date=2020-03-30|title=OneWeb goes bankrupt, lays off staff, will sell satellite-broadband business|url=https://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2020/03/oneweb-goes-bankrupt-wont-challenge-spacex-in-satellite-broadband-race/|access-date=2020-05-04|publisher=Ars Technica}}&lt;/ref&gt; The company said the decision was made because of the financial impact of the COVID-19 pandemic.&lt;ref name=&quot;sn20200327&quot;&gt;{{cite news|url=https://spacenews.com/oneweb-files-for-chapter-11-bankruptcy/|title=OneWeb files for Chapter 11 bankruptcy|publisher=SpaceNews|last=Henry|first=Caleb|date=27 March 2020|access-date=28 March 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; The company laid off approximately 85% of its approximately 500 employees, but retained the capability to control its operational satellites during the period of court protection.&lt;ref name=&quot;sn20200327&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;wired-bankrupt&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> On 3 July 2020, a consortium led by [[Bharti Enterprises|Bharti Global]] and the [[Government of the United Kingdom]] won the auction to purchase the bankrupt company.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Sunil Mittal's Bharti Global, UK govt win bid for bankrupt satellite firm OneWeb |url=https://www.businesstoday.in/current/corporate/sunil-mittals-bharti-global-uk-govt-wins-bid-for-bankrupt-satellite-firm-oneweb/story/408837.html |website=businesstoday.in|date=3 July 2020 |access-date=2020-07-03}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/jonathanocallaghan/2020/07/03/uk-government-wins-controversial-bid-for-bankrupt-mega-constellation-firm-oneweb/|last=O'Callaghan|first=Jonathan|title=U.K. Government Wins Controversial Bid For Bankrupt Mega Constellation Firm OneWeb|work=Forbes|access-date=2020-07-03}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.gov.uk/government/news/uk-government-to-acquire-cutting-edge-satellite-network|title=Press release: UK government to acquire cutting-edge satellite network|website=gov.uk|publisher=Cabinet Office Government Digital Service|date=2020-07-03|access-date=2020-07-03}}&lt;/ref&gt; The sale closed in November, allowing the company to exit Chapter 11 bankruptcy.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|date=2020-11-20|title=OneWeb emerges from Chapter 11 with new CEO|url=https://spacenews.com/oneweb-emerges-from-chapter-11-with-new-ceo/|publisher=SpaceNews|access-date=2021-06-30}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> === Exit from bankruptcy protection ===<br /> On 3 July 2020, the [[Government of the United Kingdom]] and [[Sunil Mittal]]'s [[Bharti Enterprises|Bharti Global]] (formerly a partner of OneWeb) announced a joint plan to invest US$500 million each for equal stakes in OneWeb Global, approximately 42% each; the rest would be held by other creditors including [[Softbank]]. The UK government would also hold a [[golden share]] to give it control over any future sales.&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot;&gt;{{cite news|date=3 July 2020|title=UK government takes £400 million stake in satellite firm OneWeb|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-53279783}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.ft.com/content/01e4d379-ac2d-4ca3-9724-b0a982d1fa4f|title=UK to enter satellite race after winning bid for OneWeb|publisher=Financial Times|date=3 July 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=sn-20210115/&gt; The plan was approved by the [[United States Bankruptcy Court for the Southern District of New York]] on 10 July 2020,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-53370930|title=OneWeb sale to UK-Bharti group gets court approval|work=BBC News|last=Amos|first=Jonathan|date=10 July 2020|access-date=30 July 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; and the deal closed in November 2020, allowing OneWeb to exit Chapter 11 bankruptcy.<br /> <br /> In July 2020, [[Hughes Network Systems]] invested US$50 million in the consortium.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/companies/hughes-to-invest-50-million-in-bharti-uk-consortium-for-oneweb/article32206002.ece|title=Hughes to invest US$50 million in Bharti-UK consortium for OneWeb|website=thehindubusinessline.com|date=27 July 2020 |access-date=2020-07-29}}&lt;/ref&gt; The same month, the UK government stated an intention to repurpose the OneWeb satellites for its own [[United Kingdom Global Navigation Satellite System|Global Navigation Satellite System]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;telegraph-20200925&quot;&gt;{{cite news |last=Diver|first=Tony|date=25 September 2020|title=Britain scraps satellite programme designed to replace Galileo after Brexit|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2020/09/25/britain-scraps-satellite-programme-designed-replace-galileo/|url-access=subscription|newspaper=The Daily Telegraph|access-date=25 September 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Shortly after the July public announcement of the OneWeb sale, a letter from Sam Beckett, the leading [[Civil Servant|civil servant]] in the UK [[Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy]] (BEIS), was released. In the letter, Beckett raised concerns that taxpayers' money could be at risk. The comments were made as part of a request for &quot;[[ministerial direction]]&quot;, therefore it was required that the letter be made public and any concerns raised be formally overruled. BEIS minister [[Alok Sharma]] overrode the concerns and proceeded with the bid.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|date=2020-07-22|title=Minister overrode warning about &quot;risky&quot; OneWeb bid|publisher=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/business-53506960|access-date=2020-10-04}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> On 21 September 2020, OneWeb announced that their contract with [[Arianespace]] would allow them to resume satellite launch in December 2020.&lt;ref name=&quot;SFN200922&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://spaceflightnow.com/2020/09/22/oneweb-to-resume-launches-in-december-after-bankruptcy/|title=OneWeb to resume launches in December after bankruptcy|publisher=Spaceflight Now|date=22 September 2020|access-date=24 September 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> === New CEO, launches accelerating ===<br /> In November 2020, the company announced that [[Neil Masterson]], formerly chief operating officer at media company [[Thomson Reuters]], had been appointed CEO.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|date=2020-12-18|title=OneWeb satellite company launches into new era|publisher=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-55365434|access-date=2021-06-30}}&lt;/ref&gt; The company launched 36 additional satellites on 17 December 2020.&lt;ref name=&quot;sn20201120&quot;&gt;{{cite news|date=2020-12-18|title=OneWeb emerges from Chapter 11 with new CEO|publisher=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-55365434|access-date=2020-12-19}}&lt;/ref&gt; Furthermore, OneWeb announced plans to accelerate launches in 2021 so that the 650 satellites necessary for global coverage would be in orbit by 2022.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=UK government buys chunk of bankrupt Starlink competitor, OneWeb|url=https://arstechnica.com/tech-policy/2020/11/1724845/|access-date=2020-11-23|last=Hollinger|first=Peggy|publisher=Financial Times|via=Ars Technica|date=2020-11-22}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> === 2021 ===<br /> In January 2021, a further funding round raised $400 million from SoftBank and Hughes Network Systems, with SoftBank getting a director seat on OneWeb's board. This brought available funding to $1.4 billion, which &quot;positions the company&quot; to fund its first-generation fleet of 648 satellites, but would be insufficient to fund full deployment of the constellation by mid-2022. OneWeb chairman, Sunil Mittal, estimated about a further $1 billion is required, but did not anticipate difficulty in raising that.&lt;ref name=sn-20210115&gt;{{cite news|url=https://spacenews.com/oneweb-raises-400-million/|title=OneWeb raises US$400 million|last=Foust|first=Jeff|publisher=SpaceNews|date=15 January 2021|access-date=25 February 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In April 2021, OneWeb launched its sixth batch of satellites to orbit. It comprised 36 units, bringing the total in-orbit constellation to 182.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|date=2021-04-26|title=OneWeb launches sixth batch of internet satellites|last=Amos|first=Jonathan|publisher=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-56890153|access-date=2021-04-27}}&lt;/ref&gt; In the same month, it was also reported that [[Eutelsat]] was putting £400M into the company, in return for a 24% equity stake.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|date=2021-04-27|title=OneWeb receives major investment from Eutelsat|last=Amos|first=Jonathan|publisher=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-56906121|access-date=2021-04-28}}&lt;/ref&gt; Eutelsat's stake decreased to 19.3% when Bharti Global increased its holding in June 2021.&lt;ref name=&quot;spacenews&quot;&gt;{{cite news |title=Eutelsat ups its OneWeb stake with additional $165 million |url=https://spacenews.com/eutelsat-ups-its-oneweb-stake-with-additional-165-million/ |access-date=5 November 2021 |publisher=Space News}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In May 2021, OneWeb announced plans to buy TrustComm, a U.S.-based managed satellite communications provider. After the purchase, the company became OneWeb's government distribution partner,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|date=2021-05-10|title=OneWeb creating government subsidiary after buying TrustComm|url=https://spacenews.com/oneweb-creating-government-subsidiary-after-buying-trustcomm/|publisher=SpaceNews|access-date=2021-08-13}}&lt;/ref&gt; named OneWeb Technologies.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=OneWeb completes TrustComm transaction, creating OneWeb Technologies |url=https://oneweb.net/resources/oneweb-completes-trustcomm-transaction-creating-oneweb-technologies |publisher=OneWeb |access-date=2 February 2024 |language=en |date=21 September 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In May 2021, OneWeb's seventh launch took the number of satellites in orbit to 218, to create the second largest fleet behind [[Starlink]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Arianespace launches 36 OneWeb internet satellites on Soyuz rocket|url=https://www.space.com/arianespace-soyuz-launches-36-oneweb-7-satellites|publisher=Space.com|date=2021-05-28|access-date=2021-08-20}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> By comparison Starlink had 1,700 satellites by the end of 2021.<br /> <br /> In June 2021, Oneweb raised an additional US$500M from Bharti Global, increasing Bharti's holding to 38.6%.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=OneWeb fully-funded with new US$500m investment. Secures US$2.4 billion in total funding|url=https://www.oneweb.world/media-center/oneweb-fully-funded-with-new-500m-investment-secures-2-4bn-in-total-funding|access-date=2021-06-30|website=oneweb.world}}&lt;/ref&gt; In August 2021, [[Hanwha Systems]] invested $300 million to purchase an 8.8% share in OneWeb, enabling Hanwha to appoint one member of the board of directors and bring its own [[Dual-use technology|dual-use]] defence and satellite technology to the company.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Korea's Hanwha Systems invests US$300 million in Bharti-backed OneWeb for 8.8% share |url=https://telecom.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/koreas-hanwha-systems-invests-300m-in-bharti-backed-oneweb-for-8-8-share/85262012|website=ET Telecom|date=12 August 2021|access-date=2021-08-12}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In October 2021, OneWeb became one of the founding members of [[Indian Space Association]] (ISpA). ISpA will act as bridge between [[Indian Space Research Organisation]] (ISRO) and private industries to form the space ecosystem in India.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|date=2021-10-11|title=Bharti's OneWeb, ISRO Arm Collaborate To Launch Satellite In India From 2022|url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/business/bhartis-oneweb-isro-arm-collaborate-to-launch-satellite-in-india-from-2022-7568491.html|website=Moneycontrol|access-date=2021-10-11}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> === 2022 Russia controversy ===<br /> In March 2022, media reported that OneWeb was scheduled to launch a batch of 36 satellites from [[Baikonur cosmodrome]] days after Russia's invasion of Ukraine. There were calls for the UK to cancel the launch. Russia said the launch had already been paid for and would not be refunded, and would be cancelled from the Russian side unless OneWeb provided additional assurance that the satellites would never be used for military purposes and the British Government disposed of its shares in the company. The British government refused this demand and the launch was cancelled, along with other Russian launches.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/business/2022/03/02/taxpayer-backed-oneweb-uses-russian-rockets-satellite-launch/|title = Taxpayer-backed OneWeb uses Russian rockets for satellite launch|newspaper = The Telegraph|date = 2 March 2022|last1 = Oliver|first1 = Matt}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/business/2022/03/02/kremlin-holds-36-taxpayer-owned-satellites-hostage-oneweb-stand/|title = Kremlin holds 36 UK taxpayer-owned satellites hostage in OneWeb stand-off|newspaper = The Telegraph|date = 2 March 2022|last1 = Titcomb|first1 = James}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-60587154|title=UK rejects Russian demand to sell satellite share|work=BBC News |date=2 March 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.thetimes.com/business-money/article/uk-rejects-russian-ultimatum-on-oneweb-soyuz-rocket-launches-zwq9xvd56|title=UK rejects Russian ultimatum on OneWeb Soyuz rocket launches|last1=Goddard|first1=Alex Ralph}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.theverge.com/2022/3/2/22958082/russia-roscosmos-oneweb-soyuz-launch-demands-ukraine-invasion|title = Russia holds OneWeb rocket launch hostage, issues conditional demands|date = 2 March 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/tech/russia-satellite-launch-uk-ukraine-war-oneweb-b2026598.html|title = Russia gives update on satellite launches|website = [[Independent.co.uk]]|date = 2 March 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; OneWeb tried through negotiations to get the stack of 36 satellites back, stranded in Kazakhstan due to political reasons. However, these negotiations never progressed. As OneWeb was on the verge of completing its 1st generation satellite network, they gave up hope in March 2023 on further attempts to get their satellites back, potentially scrapping the batch. The satellites were insured for $50 million, and OneWeb received the insurance money for them.&lt;ref name=&quot;Roulette&quot;&gt;{{Cite news |last=Roulette |first=Joey |date=2023-03-15 |title=OneWeb 'moves on' from Soyuz-stranded satellites as its network nears completion |language=en |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/lifestyle/science/oneweb-moves-on-soyuz-stranded-satellites-its-network-nears-completion-2023-03-15/ |access-date=2023-03-16}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> === SpaceX/NSIL launch services ===<br /> On 21 March 2022, OneWeb announced that it had signed a launch agreement with United States launch provider [[SpaceX]] to launch the remaining satellites on Falcon 9 rockets, with the first launch expected no earlier than summer 2022.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=OneWeb agrees satellite programme with SpaceX |url=https://oneweb.net/resources/oneweb-resume-satellite-launches-through-agreement-spacex |access-date=2022-03-21 |website=OneWeb |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite tweet|number=1505918153666220036|user=thesheetztweetz|title=On the sidelines of #SATShow, OneWeb senior advisor Ruth Pritchard-Kelly tells press that the &quot;soonest&quot; the first launch with SpaceX can happen &quot;would be this summer.&quot; &quot;But we don't know yet&quot; a more specific timeframe.|author=Michael Sheetz}}&lt;/ref&gt; On 20 April 2022 OneWeb announced a similar deal with [[NewSpace India Limited]], the commercial arm of the [[Indian Space Research Organisation]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=OneWeb agrees satellite launch programme with New Space India |url=https://oneweb.net/resources/oneweb-agrees-satellite-launch-programme-new-space-india |access-date=2022-06-07 |website=OneWeb |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; OneWeb satellites were deployed by [[LVM 3]] both on [[LVM-3 M2|22 October 2022]] and [[LVM-3 M3|26 March 2023]],&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://oneweb.net/resources/successful-launch-36-oneweb-satellites-isronsil-marks-key-milestone-enable-global|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230326102616/https://oneweb.net/resources/successful-launch-36-oneweb-satellites-isronsil-marks-key-milestone-enable-global|title=Successful launch of 36 OneWeb Satellites with ISRO/NSIL marks key milestone to enable global connectivity|date=27 March 2023|archive-date=26 March 2023|access-date=27 March 2023|publisher=OneWeb|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; using a lightly modified version of the satellite dispenser previously used on Soyuz.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Graham |first=William |date=2022-10-22 |title=OneWeb resumes launches with first commercial GSLV Mk.III |url=https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2022/10/oneweb-gslv-mk-iii/ |access-date=2022-10-23 |website=NASASpaceFlight.com |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=U |first=Tejonmayam |date=23 October 2022 |title=Isro's heaviest rocket successfully places 36 OneWeb satellites into orbits |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/isros-heaviest-rocket-successfully-places-36-oneweb-satellites-into-orbits/articleshow/95039625.cms |access-date=2022-10-23 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> SpaceX was originally contracted to launch three missions for OneWeb.&lt;ref name=&quot;ARSTECH20221202&quot;&gt;{{cite news |last1=Berger |first1=Eric |title=After bankruptcy and war, OneWeb turns to a competitor for help |url=https://arstechnica.com/science/2022/12/oneweb-sets-a-launch-date-for-next-week-on-a-falcon-9-rocket/ |access-date=4 March 2023 |work=Ars Technica |publisher=Condé Nast |date=2 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221211014023/https://arstechnica.com/science/2022/12/oneweb-sets-a-launch-date-for-next-week-on-a-falcon-9-rocket/ |archive-date=11 December 2022 | url-status = live}}&lt;/ref&gt; However, an additional flight was contracted on 11 January 2023 for summer 2023 to add backup satellites in orbit.&lt;ref name=&quot;SN20230110&quot;&gt;{{cite news |last1=Rainbow |first1=Jason |title=OneWeb two launches away from going global after SpaceX launch |url=https://spacenews.com/oneweb-two-launches-away-from-going-global-after-spacex-launch/ |access-date=4 March 2023 |work=Space News |publisher=Pocket Ventures LLC |date=10 January 2023 |location=Boulder, Colorado}}&lt;/ref&gt; Three flights have been completed so far, the first flight was back on 8 December 2022,&lt;ref name=&quot;SN20221208&quot;&gt;{{cite news |last1=Rainbow |first1=Jason |title=SpaceX launches 40 satellites in first of three missions for OneWeb |url=https://spacenews.com/spacex-launches-40-satellites-in-first-of-three-missions-for-oneweb/ |access-date=4 March 2023 |work=Space News |publisher=Pocket Ventures LLC |date=8 December 2022 |location=Boulder, Colorado}}&lt;/ref&gt; and the second was on 10 January 2023.&lt;ref name=&quot;SFNSpaceX2&quot;&gt;{{cite news |last1=Clark |first1=Stephen |title=SpaceX sends 40 more OneWeb internet satellites into orbit |url=https://spaceflightnow.com/2023/01/10/falcon-9-oneweb-16-live-coverage/ |access-date=4 March 2023 |work=SpaceFlight Now |date=10 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230130182325/https://spaceflightnow.com/2023/01/10/falcon-9-oneweb-16-live-coverage/ |archive-date=30 January 2023 | url-status = live}}&lt;/ref&gt; As of early March 2023, there are 584 OneWeb satellites in orbit (two of which are nonoperational),&lt;ref name=&quot;SFNSpaceX2&quot;/&gt; with SpaceX having successfully launched its third flight for OneWeb on March 9, 2023, with a load of 40 satellites.<br /> <br /> === Merger with Eutelsat ===<br /> The merger of OneWeb with France's [[Eutelsat|Eutelsat S.A.]] – an operator of [[geostationary satellites]] – was announced in July 2022.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |date=26 July 2022 |title=Eutelsat and OneWeb to combine: a leap forward in Satellite Connectivity |url=https://www.eutelsat.com/en/news/press.html#/pressreleases/eutelsat-and-oneweb-to-combine-a-leap-forward-in-satellite-connectivity-3195697 |access-date=6 August 2022 |website=Eutelsat}}&lt;/ref&gt; OneWeb shareholders would receive 50% of the enlarged share capital while the British government would retain its [[golden share]] or &quot;special share&quot; in OneWeb itself,&lt;ref name=bbc20220726&gt;{{cite news |last=Amos|first=Jonathan |title=Satellite firms Eutelsat and OneWeb aim to combine operations |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-62306617 |date=26 July 2022 |access-date=6 August 2022 |work=[[BBC News]] }}&lt;/ref&gt; in a transaction which valued OneWeb at US$3.4 billion (£2.8 billion).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |author=&lt;!--Not stated--&gt; |date= 26 July 2022 |title=UK satellite firm OneWeb and France's Eutelsat sign initial merger deal |url=https://www.theguardian.com/business/2022/jul/26/uk-satellite-oneweb-france-eutelsat-merger-deal-elon-musk-starlink |access-date=3 March 2023 |work = The Guardian | agency = Reuters | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230303034210/https://www.theguardian.com/business/2022/jul/26/uk-satellite-oneweb-france-eutelsat-merger-deal-elon-musk-starlink | archive-date = 3 March 2023 | url-status = live}}&lt;/ref&gt; The French and British governments are expected to have similar direct stakes of roughly 10% in the new joint entity as well as a seat on the board each.&lt;ref name=&quot;WSJ20220726&quot;&gt;{{cite news |last1=Ruberg |first1=Sara |title=Deal Struck to Create European Satellite Rival to Elon Musk's Starlink |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/oneweb-and-eutelsat-two-european-satellite-firms-agree-to-merge-11658848413?mod=Searchresults_pos1&amp;page=1 |access-date=4 March 2023 |work= The Wall Street Journal |publisher=News Corp |date=26 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220802034057/https://www.wsj.com/articles/oneweb-and-eutelsat-two-european-satellite-firms-agree-to-merge-11658848413?page=1 |archive-date=2 August 2022 |location=New York | url-status = live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The board of directors' structure, when the deal is finalised in the third quarter of 2023, will have Eutelsat S.A. chairman Dominique D’Hinnin and CEO [[Eva Berneke]] retain their positions in the new company '''Eutelsat Group'''. The latter will own Eutelsat S.A and OneWeb (rebranded ''Eutelsat OneWeb'') as subsidiaries. Sunil Bharti Mittal, representing OneWeb will be the co-chair.&lt;ref name=&quot;BoardApprovesMerger&quot;&gt;{{cite news |last1=Rainbow |first1=Jason |title=Eutelsat's board approves OneWeb merger |url=https://spacenews.com/eutelsats-board-approves-oneweb-merger/ |access-date=4 March 2023 |work=Space News |publisher=Pocket Ventures LLC |date=15 November 2022 |location=Boulder, Colorado}}&lt;/ref&gt; Eutelsat Group will be [[headquarters|headquartered]] in [[Paris]], France. <br /> <br /> [[Bpifrance]] and the French ''Fonds Stratégique de Participations'' as well as [[Hanwha Group]] and the British government are all set to appoint one director each to the new company's board.&lt;ref name=&quot;BoardApprovesMerger&quot;/&gt; Meanwhile, OneWeb and Eutelsat S.A. will respectively be allowed to appoint three and four additional directors of their choice.&lt;ref name=&quot;BoardApprovesMerger&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> === Constellation completion ===<br /> OneWeb became operational for global coverage after launching its final set of 36 satellites on an Indian [[LVM3|LVM3 rocket]] on March 25, 2023.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=2023-03-25 |title=OneWeb launch completes space internet project |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-65066669 |access-date=2025-03-10 |work=BBC News |language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> === Leap year outage ===<br /> On 31 December 2024, the OneWeb constellation had a 48 hour service outage due to ground equipment software maintained by [[Hughes Network Systems]] failing to accommodate the extra day of the 2024 [[leap year]]. There was an 80% return to service on 1 January with full service returning on 2 January.&lt;ref name=avw-20250103&gt;{{cite news |url=https://aviationweek.com/space/commercial-space/leap-year-calendar-error-takes-down-oneweb-constellation |title=Leap Year Calendar Error Takes Down OneWeb Constellation |last=Reim |first=Garrett |magazine=Aviation Week |date=3 January 2025 |access-date=7 January 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Intended markets==<br /> In March 2021, OneWeb stated its market would be primarily businesses, governments including defence, phone network operators and clusters of communities, rather than individual domestic customers which [[Starlink]] primarily targets.&lt;ref name=bbcr4-20210304&gt;{{cite AV media |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/m000srgc |series=The Bottom Line |title=The Satellite Business |interviewer-last=Davis |interviewer-first=Evan |publisher=BBC Radio 4 |date=4 March 2021 |access-date=6 March 2021 |time=16m30s |quote=''Chris McLaughlin (OneWeb):'' So it is going to be price sensitive so I think a lot of what happens in LEO will be both a function of government and of defence needs, and also of connectivity for network operators, so I am not certain in OneWeb's case we will be primarily focused on broadband to every individual but rather to businesses and governments and to clusters of communities.}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=cnbc-20210329&gt;{{cite news |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2021/03/25/onewebs-different-approach-to-satellite-internet-vs-elon-musks-spacex-starlink.html |title=OneWeb CEO: Here's why our product is different than Elon Musk's SpaceX Starlink |last=Sheetz |first=Michael |publisher=CNBC News |date=29 March 2021 |access-date=10 April 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; Users wishing to connect were advised to contact their local telecom operator.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vi6yAVdyVzk |publisher=OneWev |date=28 May 2021 |access-date=29 May 2021 |time=36m17s |quote =''It's simple: just ask your preferred local telecom operator... We are working with local telecom operators, who invest locally,.. so that we can connect users at scale.''|title=OneWeb Launch#7 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == OneWeb satellite constellation ==<br /> Initially, the OneWeb satellite constellation was planned to have 648 [[small satellite]]s in [[low Earth orbit]] (LEO) that can provide high-speed [[broadband internet]] to rural and isolated areas.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.oneweb.world/media-center/oneweb-secures-investment-from-softbank-and-hughes-network-systems|title=OneWeb secures investment from Softbank and Hughes Network Systems|publisher=OneWeb |date=15 January 2021|access-date=1 June 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; By January 2023 they had launched 544 satellites, with 542 being functional.&lt;ref name=&quot;SFNSpaceX2&quot; /&gt; The constellation was reportedly &quot;technically completed&quot; in March 2023, with 618 launched.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Jackson |first=Mark |date=2023-03-26 |title=OneWeb Successfully Completes LEO Satellite Broadband Network UPDATE |url=https://www.ispreview.co.uk/index.php/2023/03/oneweb-successfully-completes-leo-satellite-broadband-network.html |access-date=2025-12-26 |website=ISPreview UK |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; OneWeb engineers would then take a few months to test the system before commercial service was expected to start in the fourth quarter of 2023.&lt;ref name=&quot;SN20220623&quot;&gt;{{cite news |last1=Foust |first1=Jeff |title=OneWeb to resume launches in fourth quarter |url=https://spacenews.com/oneweb-to-resume-launches-in-fourth-quarter/ |access-date=4 March 2023 |work=Space News |publisher=Pocket Ventures LLC |date=23 June 2022 |location=Boulder, Colorado}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The satellites were built by OneWeb Satellites, a joint venture between [[Airbus Defence and Space|Airbus]] and OneWeb.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|date=2019-03-19|title=What Airbus learned from building satellites with OneWeb|url=https://spacenews.com/what-airbus-learned-from-building-satellites-with-oneweb/|website=spacenews.com|publisher=SpaceNews|access-date=2019-05-04}}&lt;/ref&gt; The satellites are in a [[circular orbit]], at approximately {{cvt|1200|km}} altitude,&lt;ref name=&quot;m_wsj20160203&quot;/&gt; and transmitting and receiving in the [[Ku band|Ku-band]] [[radio frequency]].&lt;ref name=&quot;m_sn20140530&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> OneWeb's first six satellites were launched on a [[Soyuz (rocket)|Soyuz rocket]] on 27 February 2019.&lt;ref name=&quot;m_0&quot;&gt;{{cite news|last=Clark|first=Stephen|date= 27 February 2019 | url = https://spaceflightnow.com/2019/02/27/first-six-oneweb-satellites-launched-from-french-guiana/ | title = First six OneWeb satellites launched from French Guiana | work = SpaceFlight Now |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190228192401/https://spaceflightnow.com/2019/02/27/first-six-oneweb-satellites-launched-from-french-guiana/ | archive-date = 28 February 2019 | url-status = live |access-date=4 March 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt; The first large batch of 34 satellites was launched on 6 February 2020,&lt;ref name=m_cnn20200206/&gt; and another 34 were put into orbit on 21 March 2020.&lt;ref name=&quot;m_sn20200321&quot;&gt;{{cite web|last1=Henry|first1=Caleb|date=21 March 2020|url=https://spacenews.com/soyuz-launches-34-oneweb-satellites/ |title=Soyuz launches 34 OneWeb satellites|website=spacenews.com|publisher=SpaceNews|access-date=15 April 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; These were [[#List of launches|followed by more launches]] in 2021. The [[Russian invasion of Ukraine]] in February 2022 meant that launches on the Soyuz rocket were suspended, and Arianespace had to find other launch providers for OneWeb.&lt;ref name=&quot;ARSTECH20221202&quot; /&gt; Satellite launches resumed in quarter four of 2022 using the Indian [[LVM3]] rocket and the SpaceX [[Falcon 9]].&lt;ref name=&quot;SN20221208&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> == Design ==<br /> === First generation ===<br /> The satellites in the OneWeb constellation are approximately {{cvt|150|kg}} in mass,&lt;ref name=sn20190227/&gt; a bit smaller than the 2015 design estimate of {{cvt|150|-|200|kg}}.&lt;ref name=m_sn20150319/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;bbc20150625&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-33268180|title=OneWeb satellite operator eyes huge rocket campaign|publisher=BBC|date=25 June 2015|access-date=6 December 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; The 648 operational satellites are to operate in 12 near [[polar orbit]] planes at {{cvt|1200|km}} [[Geocentric orbit|altitude]], at 86.4° [[orbital inclination]]. Initially 18 orbital planes with 49 satellites per plane was planned, requiring 882 satellites plus some spares, but improved satellite coverage capability allowed this to be reduced to 12 planes of 49 satellites requiring 588 satellites plus some on-orbit spares.&lt;ref name=spaceitbridge-20191007&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.spaceitbridge.com/oneweb-talks-satellite-broadband-speeds-constellation-configs.htm|title=OneWeb talks satellite broadband speeds, constellation configs|last=Mohney|first=Doug|publisher=Space IT Bridge|date=7 October 2019|access-date=6 March 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=spacenewsinterview&gt;{{cite web |url=http://spacenews.com/in-conversation-with-oneweb-founder-greg-wyler/|title=Why OneWeb is Eager To Be the &quot;Clean-up Crew of Connectivity&quot;|date=20 November 2015|publisher=SpaceNews|access-date=23 April 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=mit-20181001&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.mit.edu/~portillo/files/Comparison-LEO-IAC-2018-slides.pdf|title=A Technical Comparison of Three Low Earth Orbit Satellite Constellation Systems to Provide Global Broadband|last1=del Portillo|first1=Inigo|last2=Cameron|first2=Bruce G.|last3=Crawley|first3=Edward F.|publisher=Massachusetts Institute of Technology|id=IAC-18-B2.1.7|date=1 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210225093826/http://www.mit.edu/~portillo/files/Comparison-LEO-IAC-2018-slides.pdf|archive-date=25 February 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The first-generation satellites do not have inter-satellite data links, so can only provide a user service when also in the range of a gateway ground station.&lt;ref name=mit-20181001/&gt; As of 2023, OneWeb expect the final operational constellation to be fewer than 1,000 satellites, instead of several thousands being considered earlier. A number of next generation satellites of about {{cvt|500|kg}} mass may be procured in the future.&lt;ref name=bbc-20230311&gt;{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-64906641 |title=OneWeb company close to taking the internet global |last=Amos |first=Jonathan |work=BBC News |date=11 March 2023 |access-date=12 March 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The satellites provide user service in the [[Ku band|Ku-band]].&lt;ref name=m_sn20140530/&gt;&lt;ref name=sn20150115/&gt; Links to the gateway ground stations are in the [[Ka band|Ka-band]].&lt;ref name=mit-20181001/&gt; The satellites are designed to comply with &quot;[[Space debris|orbital debris-mitigation]] guidelines for removing satellites from orbit and, for low-orbit satellites, assuring that they re-enter the [[Atmosphere of Earth|Earth's atmosphere]] within 25 years of retirement&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://spacenews.com/airbus-wins-oneweb-contract/|title=OneWeb Taps Airbus To Build 900 Internet Smallsats|publisher=SpaceNews|access-date=6 December 2022|date=2015-06-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Launches ==<br /> [[File:LVM3 M2, OneWeb India-1 campaign 16.jpg|thumb|A stack of 36 OneWeb satellites ready for integration to [[LVM3]] rocket for its 14th launch]]<br /> On 27 February 2019, OneWeb successfully launched the first six of the 648 planned 1st generation satellites (600 active plus 48 on-orbit spares) into low Earth orbit from the [[Guiana Space Centre|Centre Spatial Guyanais]] using a Russian [[Soyuz-2|Soyuz ST-B]] rocket.&lt;ref name=&quot;m_0&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.oneweb.world/newsroom/oneweb-makes-history-as-first-launch-mission-is-a-success|title=OneWeb makes history as first launch mission is a success|date=2019-02-28|publisher=OneWeb|access-date=2019-02-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190228183229/https://www.oneweb.world/newsroom/oneweb-makes-history-as-first-launch-mission-is-a-success|archive-date=2019-02-28|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In November 2019, OneWeb planned monthly launches to begin in January 2020,&lt;ref name=&quot;Flight2_spacenews&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://spacenews.com/onewebs-first-big-deployment-launch-slips-to-january/ |title=OneWeb's first big deployment launch slips to January|publisher=SpaceNews|date=8 November 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; although the first of these launches was delayed to early February 2020,&lt;ref name=m_cnn20200206&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.cnn.com/2020/02/06/tech/oneweb-satellite-internet-launch-scn/index.html|title=The race for space-based broadband: OneWeb launches 34 more internet satellites |last=Wattles|first=Jackie|website=cnn.com|date=6 February 2020 |publisher=CNN|access-date=2020-02-07}}&lt;/ref&gt; and bankruptcy and subsequent reorganisation delayed the fourth launch to 18 December 2020.&lt;ref name=&quot;bbc20201218&quot;&gt;{{Cite news |date=2020-12-18 |title=OneWeb satellite company launches into new era |language=en-GB |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-55365434 |access-date=2023-03-09}}&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> <br /> Since the fourth launch, OneWeb has launched five times from Vostochny; once from [[Kourou]]; thrice from [[Baikonur]]; twice from [[Sriharikota]] and four times from [[Cape Canaveral]], with the most recent one being on 20 October 2024. With these launches, OneWeb has taken its in-orbit mega-constellation to 652 operational satellites (2 satellites failed), completing the planned deployment,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=OneWeb launch opens route to commercial service|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-57674882|publisher=BBC News|date=2021-07-01|access-date=2021-07-01}}&lt;/ref&gt; and making OneWeb the second largest satellite fleet in orbit. These satellites are sufficient to start operational use of the Gen 1 constellation.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|first=Amy |last=Thompson |date=2021-05-28|title=Arianespace launches 36 OneWeb internet satellites on Soyuz rocket|url=https://www.space.com/arianespace-soyuz-launches-36-oneweb-7-satellites|publisher=Space.com|access-date=2021-07-28}}&lt;/ref&gt; In their latest launch a second generation demonstration satellite called ''[[JoeySat]]'' joined the constellation to test some technicalities of the newer satellite.<br /> <br /> {{Clear}}<br /> <br /> === Generation 1 satellites ===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Flight No.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Jonathan's Space Report {{!}} Space Statistics |url=https://planet4589.org/space/con/ow/stats.html |access-date=2025-03-10 |website=planet4589.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Date/Time ([[Coordinated Universal Time|UTC]])<br /> !Launch complex<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Launch site<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Launch vehicle<br /> !Launch agency<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Number deployed<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Outcome<br /> |-<br /> | 1<br /> | 27 February 2019&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2019/02/oneweb-kick-start-massive-constellation-soyuz-st-b/|title=OneWeb kick starts massive constellation with Soyuz ST-B launch |publisher=NASASpaceFlight.com|first=Chris|last=Bergin|date=27 February 2019|access-date=1 March 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |[[Ensemble de Lancement Soyouz|Soyuz Launch Complex]]<br /> | [[Guiana Space Centre]], [[Kourou]], [[French Guiana]], [[France]]<br /> | [[Soyuz-2|Soyuz ST-B]] / [[Fregat|Fregat-MT]]<br /> | ''{{flagicon|Russia}}'' [[Roscosmos|Roscomos]]<br /> | 6 (test satellites)<br /> | {{Success}}<br /> <br /> |-<br /> | 2<br /> | 6 February 2020&lt;ref name=m_cnn20200206/&gt;<br /> |[[Baikonur Cosmodrome Site 31|Site 31]]<br /> | [[Baikonur Cosmodrome]], [[Baikonur]], [[Kyzylorda Region]], [[Kazakhstan]]<br /> | [[Soyuz-2|Soyuz 2.1b]] / [[Fregat|Fregat-M]]<br /> | ''{{flagicon|Russia}}'' [[Roscosmos|Roscomos]]<br /> | 34 (first launch of operational satellites)<br /> | {{Success}}<br /> <br /> |-<br /> | 3<br /> | 21 March 2020&lt;ref name=&quot;m_sn20200321&quot;/&gt;<br /> |[[Baikonur Cosmodrome Site 31|Site 31]]<br /> | [[Baikonur Cosmodrome]], [[Baikonur]], [[Kyzylorda Region]], [[Kazakhstan]]<br /> | [[Soyuz-2|Soyuz 2.1b]] / [[Fregat|Fregat-M]]<br /> | ''{{flagicon|Russia}}'' [[Roscosmos|Roscomos]]<br /> | 34 <br /> | {{Success}}<br /> <br /> |-<br /> | 4<br /> | 18 December 2020&lt;ref name=&quot;SFN20201218&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://spaceflightnow.com/2020/12/18/oneweb-resumes-deployment-of-650-satellite-broadband-network/|title=OneWeb resumes deployment of 650-satellite broadband network|publisher=Spaceflight Now|date=18 December 2020|access-date=18 December 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=bbc20201218/&gt;<br /> |[[Vostochny Cosmodrome Site 1S|Site 1S]]<br /> | [[Vostochny Cosmodrome]], [[Tsiolkovsky, Amur Oblast|Tsiolkovsky]], [[Amur Oblast]], [[Russia]]<br /> | [[Soyuz-2|Soyuz 2.1b]] / [[Fregat|Fregat-M]]<br /> | ''{{flagicon|Russia}}'' [[Roscosmos|Roscomos]]<br /> | 36 <br /> | {{Success}}<br /> <br /> |-<br /> | 5<br /> | 25 March 2021&lt;ref name=&quot;sfn-20210325&quot;&gt;{{cite web|last=Clark|first=Stephen|url=https://spaceflightnow.com/2021/03/25/soyuz-launch-adds-36-satellites-to-onewebs-global-internet-network/|title=Soyuz launch adds 36 satellites to OneWeb's global internet network|publisher=Spaceflight Now|date=25 March 2021|access-date=26 March 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |[[Vostochny Cosmodrome Site 1S|Site 1S]]<br /> | [[Vostochny Cosmodrome]], [[Tsiolkovsky, Amur Oblast|Tsiolkovsky]], [[Amur Oblast]], [[Russia]]<br /> | [[Soyuz-2|Soyuz 2.1b]] / [[Fregat|Fregat-M]]<br /> | ''{{flagicon|Russia}}'' [[Roscosmos|Roscomos]]<br /> | 36 <br /> | {{Success}}<br /> <br /> |-<br /> | 6<br /> | 25 April 2021&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.arianespace.com/press-release/flight-st31-arianespace-successfully-deploys-oneweb-constellation-satellites/|title=Flight ST31: Arianespace successfully deploys OneWeb constellation satellites|publisher=Arianespace|date=26 April 2021|access-date=26 April 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |[[Vostochny Cosmodrome Site 1S|Site 1S]]<br /> | [[Vostochny Cosmodrome]], [[Tsiolkovsky, Amur Oblast|Tsiolkovsky]], [[Amur Oblast]], [[Russia]]<br /> | [[Soyuz-2|Soyuz 2.1b]] / [[Fregat|Fregat-M]]<br /> | ''{{flagicon|Russia}}'' [[Roscosmos|Roscomos]]<br /> | 36 <br /> | {{Success}}<br /> <br /> |-<br /> | 7<br /> | 28 May 2021&lt;ref&gt;{{cite press release|url=https://www.arianespace.com/press-release/flight-st32-arianespace-successfully-deploys-oneweb-constellation-satellites/|title=Flight ST32: Arianespace successfully deploys OneWeb constellation satellites|publisher=Arianespace|date=29 May 2021|access-date=30 May 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |[[Vostochny Cosmodrome Site 1S|Site 1S]]<br /> | [[Vostochny Cosmodrome]], [[Tsiolkovsky, Amur Oblast|Tsiolkovsky]], [[Amur Oblast]], [[Russia]]<br /> | [[Soyuz-2|Soyuz 2.1b]] / [[Fregat|Fregat-M]]<br /> |''{{flagicon|Russia}}'' [[Roscosmos|Roscomos]]<br /> | 36 <br /> | {{Success}}<br /> <br /> |-<br /> | 8<br /> | 1 July 2021&lt;ref&gt;{{cite press release|url=https://www.arianespace.com/press-release/flight-st33-arianespace-successfully-deploys-36-oneweb-constellation-satellites/|title=Flight ST33: Arianespace successfully deploys 36 OneWeb constellation satellites|publisher=Arianespace|date=1 July 2021|access-date=1 July 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |[[Vostochny Cosmodrome Site 1S|Site 1S]]<br /> | [[Vostochny Cosmodrome]], [[Tsiolkovsky, Amur Oblast|Tsiolkovsky]], [[Amur Oblast]], [[Russia]]<br /> | [[Soyuz-2|Soyuz 2.1b]] / [[Fregat|Fregat-M]]<br /> | ''{{flagicon|Russia}}'' [[Roscosmos|Roscomos]]<br /> | 36 <br /> | {{Success}}<br /> <br /> |-<br /> | 9<br /> | 21 August 2021&lt;ref&gt;{{cite press release|url=https://www.arianespace.com/press-release/soyuz-st34-oneweb-success/|title=Following VA254 and VV19, Flight ST34 marks Arianespace's third successful launch in less than one month|publisher=Arianespace|date=22 August 2021|access-date=22 August 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |[[Baikonur Cosmodrome Site 31|Site 31]]<br /> | [[Baikonur Cosmodrome]], [[Baikonur]], [[Kyzylorda Region]], [[Kazakhstan]]<br /> | [[Soyuz-2|Soyuz 2.1b]] / [[Fregat|Fregat-M]]<br /> | ''{{flagicon|Russia}}'' [[Roscosmos|Roscomos]]<br /> | 34<br /> | {{Success}}<br /> <br /> |-<br /> | 10<br /> | 14 September 2021&lt;ref&gt;{{cite tweet|last=Israël|first=Stéphane|user=arianespaceceo|number=1429285378851287054|title=We will be back on September 14 for our next @OneWeb launch, #ST35 - with one important milestone to @Arianespace's teams at this occasion 🤫. #MissionToSuccess|date=22 August 2021|access-date=22 August 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |[[Baikonur Cosmodrome Site 31|Site 31]]<br /> | [[Baikonur Cosmodrome]], [[Baikonur]], [[Kyzylorda Region]], [[Kazakhstan]]<br /> | [[Soyuz-2|Soyuz 2.1b]] / [[Fregat|Fregat-M]]<br /> | ''{{flagicon|Russia}}'' [[Roscosmos|Roscomos]]<br /> | 34<br /> | {{Success}}<br /> <br /> |-<br /> | 11<br /> | 14 October 2021&lt;ref&gt;{{cite press release|url=https://www.arianespace.com/press-release/soyuz-st36-oneweb-success/|title=With Flight ST36, Arianespace sets a new mark; more than half of the OneWeb constellation now successfully deployed|publisher=Arianespace|date=14 October 2021|access-date=14 October 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |[[Vostochny Cosmodrome Site 1S|Site 1S]]<br /> | [[Vostochny Cosmodrome]], [[Tsiolkovsky, Amur Oblast|Tsiolkovsky]], [[Amur Oblast]], [[Russia]]<br /> | [[Soyuz-2|Soyuz 2.1b]] / [[Fregat|Fregat-M]]<br /> | ''{{flagicon|Russia}}'' [[Roscosmos|Roscomos]]<br /> | 36<br /> | {{Success}}<br /> <br /> |-<br /> | 12<br /> | 27 December 2021<br /> |[[Baikonur Cosmodrome Site 31|Site 31]]<br /> | [[Baikonur Cosmodrome]], [[Baikonur]], [[Kyzylorda Region]], [[Kazakhstan]]<br /> | [[Soyuz-2|Soyuz 2.1b]] / [[Fregat|Fregat-M]]<br /> |''{{flagicon|Russia}}'' [[Roscosmos|Roscomos]]<br /> | 36<br /> | {{Success}}<br /> <br /> |-<br /> | 13<br /> | 10 February 2022<br /> |[[Ensemble de Lancement Soyouz|Soyuz Launch Complex]]<br /> | [[Guiana Space Centre]], [[Kourou]], [[French Guiana]], [[France]]<br /> | [[Soyuz-2|Soyuz ST-B]] / [[Fregat|Fregat-MT]]<br /> | ''{{flagicon|Russia}}'' [[Roscosmos|Roscomos]]<br /> | 34<br /> | {{Success}}<br /> <br /> |-<br /> | -<br /> | 4 March 2022<br /> |[[Baikonur Cosmodrome Site 31|Site 31]]<br /> | [[Baikonur Cosmodrome]], [[Baikonur]], [[Kyzylorda Region]], [[Kazakhstan]]<br /> | [[Soyuz-2|Soyuz 2.1b]] / [[Fregat|Fregat-M]]<br /> |''{{flagicon|Russia}}'' [[Roscosmos|Roscomos]]<br /> | 36<br /> | {{Scrapped|Aborted on launch pad, potentially scrapped&lt;ref name=&quot;Roulette&quot;&gt;{{Cite news |last=Roulette |first=Joey |date=2023-03-15 |title=OneWeb 'moves on' from Soyuz-stranded satellites as its network nears completion |language=en |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/lifestyle/science/oneweb-moves-on-soyuz-stranded-satellites-its-network-nears-completion-2023-03-15/ |access-date=2023-03-16}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> |-<br /> | 14<br /> | [[LVM3 M2|22 October 2022]]<br /> |[[Satish Dhawan Space Centre#Second Launch Pad|SDSC SLP]]<br /> | [[Satish Dhawan Space Centre]], [[Sriharikota]], [[Andhra Pradesh]], [[India]]<br /> | [[LVM3]]<br /> | ''{{flagicon|India}}'' [[ISRO]]<br /> | 36<br /> |{{Success}}<br /> <br /> |-<br /> |15<br /> |8 Dec 2022<br /> |[[Kennedy Space Center Launch Complex 39A|LC-39A]]<br /> |[[Kennedy Space Center]], [[Merritt Island, Florida|Merritt Island]], [[Florida]], [[United States|USA]]<br /> |[[Falcon 9 Block 5]]<br /> |''{{flagicon|USA}}'' [[SpaceX]]<br /> |40<br /> |{{Success}}<br /> |-<br /> |16<br /> |10 Jan 2023<br /> |[[Cape Canaveral Space Launch Complex 40|SLC-40]]<br /> |[[Cape Canaveral Space Force Station]], [[Brevard County, Florida|Brevard County]], [[Florida]], [[United States|USA]]<br /> |[[Falcon 9 Block 5]]<br /> |''{{flagicon|USA}}'' [[SpaceX]]<br /> |40<br /> |{{Success}}<br /> |-<br /> |17<br /> |9 Mar 2023<br /> |[[Cape Canaveral Space Launch Complex 40|SLC-40]]<br /> |[[Cape Canaveral Space Force Station]], [[Brevard County, Florida|Brevard County]], [[Florida]], [[United States|USA]]<br /> |[[Falcon 9 Block 5]]<br /> |''{{flagicon|USA}}'' [[SpaceX]]<br /> |40<br /> |{{Success}}<br /> |-<br /> |18<br /> |[[LVM-3 M3|26 Mar 2023]]<br /> |[[Satish Dhawan Space Centre#Second Launch Pad|SDSC SLP]]<br /> |[[Satish Dhawan Space Centre]], [[Sriharikota]], [[Tirupati district]], [[Andhra Pradesh]], [[India]]<br /> |[[LVM3]]<br /> |''{{flagicon|IND}}'' [[ISRO]]<br /> |36<br /> |{{Success}}<br /> |-<br /> |20<br /> |20 Oct 2024&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |first=Elizabeth |last=Howell |date=2024-10-19 |title=SpaceX launches 20 Eutelsat OneWeb broadband satellites to orbit (video) |url=https://www.space.com/spacex-eutelsat-oneweb-satellite-launch-october-2024 |access-date=2025-03-10 |website=Space.com |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |[[Vandenberg Space Launch Complex 4|SLC-4E]]<br /> |[[Vandenberg Space Force Base]], [[Santa Barbara County|Santa Barbara]], [[California]], [[United States|USA]]<br /> |[[Falcon 9 Block 5]]<br /> |''{{flagicon|USA}}'' [[SpaceX]]<br /> |20<br /> |{{Success}}<br /> |}<br /> <br /> Total number of operational satellites: 652 as of 20 Oct 2024.&lt;ref name=ow16&gt;{{Cite web |date=20 May 2023 |title=OneWeb confirms successful deployment of 16 satellites including next-generation JoeySat |url=https://oneweb.net/resources/oneweb-confirms-successful-deployment-16-satellites-including-next-generation-joeysat |access-date=21 May 2023 |website=OneWeb.net}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> === Generation 2 satellites ===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Flight No.<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Date/Time ([[Coordinated Universal Time|UTC]])<br /> !Launch complex<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Launch site<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Launch vehicle<br /> !Launch agency<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Number deployed<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Outcome<br /> <br /> |-<br /> | 19<br /> | 20 May 2023&lt;ref name=&quot;Clark&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Clark |first=Stephen |date=2022-12-08 |title=SpaceX delivers for rival OneWeb with sunset launch from Kennedy Space Center – Spaceflight Now |url=https://spaceflightnow.com/2022/12/08/falcon-9-oneweb-15-coverage/ |access-date=2023-01-07 |language=en-US |quote=Ladovaz said OneWeb has added one more launch with SpaceX on top of the three missions announced earlier this year. The extra launch will be a rideshare mission with Iridium, Ladovaz said Thursday.}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | [[Vandenberg Space Launch Complex 4|SLC-4E]]<br /> | [[Vandenberg Space Force Base]], [[Santa Barbara County|Santa Barbara]], [[California]], [[United States|USA]]<br /> | [[Falcon 9 Block 5]]<br /> | ''{{flagicon|USA}}'' [[SpaceX]]<br /> | 16 including [[JoeySat]] test satellite&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2023-05-20 |title=OneWeb confirms successful deployment of 16 satellites including next-generation JoeySat |url=https://oneweb.net/resources/oneweb-confirms-successful-deployment-16-satellites-including-next-generation-joeysat |access-date=2025-03-10 |website=OneWeb |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |{{Success}}<br /> |}<br /> <br /> == Active internet services ==<br /> In May 2021, OneWeb said that its then current constellation (218 spacecraft), as well as an additional 36 satellites planned to launch on 1 July 2021, would be equipped to service northern regions, including the [[United Kingdom]], [[Alaska]], [[Northern Europe]], [[Greenland]], [[Iceland]], the [[Arctic Ocean|Arctic Seas]], and [[Canada]], by the end of the year.&lt;ref name=&quot;m_:2&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=OneWeb surpasses 200 satellites with Soyuz launch|url=https://spaceflightnow.com/2021/05/28/oneweb-surpasses-200-satellite-mark-with-soyuz-launch/|publisher=Spaceflight=1.0|access-date=2021-07-28}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The company's 648-satellite network was planned for completion by late 2022, with OneWeb making global internet services available at that time.&lt;ref name=&quot;m_:2&quot;/&gt; Owing to launch delays from Roscosmos (see above) the constellation was not completed until mid 2023 following three launches in the first half of the year.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2022-06-07 |title=OneWeb confirms launch schedule into 2023 |url=https://paxex.aero/oneweb-launch-schedule-2023/ |access-date=2022-06-07 |website=PaxEx.Aero |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> By the end of June 2023, services were covering most of Europe and the United States. Global coverage is expected to be available by the end of 2023 once all satellites are in their final positions and the ground stations completed.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=June 28, 2023 |title=OneWeb expands services, launches commercial service across large parts of Europe and the US |url=https://oneweb.net/resources/oneweb-expands-services-launches-commercial-service-across-large-parts-europe-and-us}}&lt;/ref&gt; As of November 2024, [[Morocco]] is set to give regulatory approval to OneWeb by 2025.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Exclusif : l'ANRT envisage l'octroi d'autorisations à Starlink et OneWeb dès 2025 |url=https://telquel.ma/2024/11/11/exclusif-lanrt-envisage-loctroi-dautorisations-a-starlink-et-oneweb-des-2025_1903814 |access-date=2024-11-19 |website=Telquel.ma |language=fr}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Concerns ==<br /> === End-of-life concerns ===<br /> With such a large number of satellites being added to the already crowded [[low Earth orbit]], plans for handling the satellites once the operational life of each satellite is completed are an important consideration. Concerns about adding to the existing [[space debris]] problem have been expressed.&lt;ref name=m_srb20140603/&gt;<br /> <br /> With OneWeb satellites having higher orbits than the competing [[Starlink]] megaconstellation satellites (which will deorbit in ~5 years without action due to atmospheric drag), OneWeb satellites will not passively deorbit in a reasonable timeframe. As such, each OneWeb satellite has fuel allocated to be able to actively deorbit at its end of life.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://spacenews.com/oneweb-vouches-for-high-reliability-of-its-deorbit-system/|title=OneWeb vouches for high reliability of its deorbit system|date=10 July 2017|publisher=SpaceNews}}&lt;/ref&gt; OneWeb satellites are also equipped with an [[Altius Space Machines|Altius]] DogTag magnetic grappling fixture, to make it possible for another spacecraft to attach and change the orbit of satellites whose built-in deorbit functionality fails, though there does not currently exist commercial services to carry out this [[active debris removal]] service.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S2468896720300975|title=The development of commercially viable ADR services: Introduction of a small-satellite grappling interface|year=2020|journal=Journal of Space Safety Engineering|doi=10.1016/j.jsse.2020.08.002|last1=MacLay|first1=Timothy|last2=Goff|first2=Jonathan|last3=Sheehan|first3=J.P.|last4=Han|first4=Earl|volume=7|issue=3|pages=364–368|bibcode=2020JSSE....7..364M |s2cid=208652675|url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt; The risk of a OneWeb satellite becoming a source of debris was determined to be &lt;0.01, which meets [[NASA]]'s Technical Standard.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last=Brodkin|first=Jon|date=2017-10-04|title=SpaceX and OneWeb broadband satellites raise fears about space debris|url=https://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2017/10/spacex-and-oneweb-broadband-satellites-raise-fears-about-space-debris/|publisher=Ars Technica|access-date=2021-08-20}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> === Interference with other Earth-bound transceivers ===<br /> OneWeb competitor, satellite fleet operator [[ABS (satellite operator)|ABS]], has expressed concerns about the amount of [[electromagnetic interference]] that the OneWeb constellation could add to existing terrestrial transceivers.&lt;ref&gt;[http://spacenews.com/oneweb-gets-slide-decked-by-competitor-at-casbaa/ OneWeb Gets Slide Decked by Competitor at CASBAA] SpaceNews, 28 October 2015, accessed 2015-10-29&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> === Russian security concerns ===<br /> Vladimir Sadovnikov of the [[Federal Security Service]] (FSB) stated in 2018 that the FSB was opposed to OneWeb covering Russia, saying that OneWeb could be used for espionage purposes.&lt;ref name=&quot;reuters20181024&quot;&gt;{{cite news|editor-first=Richard|editor-last=Balmforth |editor2-first=Alison|editor2-last=Williams |title=Russia opposes U.S. OneWeb satellite service, cites security concerns|first=Maria|last=Kolomychenko |work=Reuters|url= https://www.reuters.com/article/us-oneweb-russia-security-exclusive/exclusive-russia-opposes-u-s-oneweb-satellite-service-cites-security-concerns-idUSKCN1MY1P8 |date=24 October 2018|access-date=28 February 2019|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20190303141435/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-oneweb-russia-security-exclusive/exclusive-russia-opposes-u-s-oneweb-satellite-service-cites-security-concerns-idUSKCN1MY1P8 |archive-date=3 March 2019|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; OneWeb's request for a frequency band was previously rejected by the Ministry for Digital Development and Communications, purportedly due to outstanding legal issues.&lt;ref name=&quot;reuters20181024&quot;/&gt; FSB also proposed increasing scrutiny on other [[Satellite Internet access|satellite Internet]] equipment in Russia.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://roskomsvoboda.org/42992/ |title=Спутниковый интернет vs ФСБ: развитие технологий или самоизоляция?|website=roskomsvoboda.org |access-date=2018-11-15|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20181115195405/https://roskomsvoboda.org/42992/ |archive-date=2018-11-15|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Competition ==<br /> As of November 2025, the major competitor is [[SpaceX]]'s [[Starlink]] satellite network with more than 10,000 satellites (March 2026) and over 8 million customers. While OneWeb will only work with partner [[telephone companies]],&lt;ref name=bbc-20201120&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-55016402|title=OneWeb satellite internet company is officially reborn|last=Amos |first=Jonathan|publisher=BBC News|date=20 November 2020|access-date=13 January 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; SpaceX is also serving consumers directly.<br /> <br /> Competition to OneWeb for producing smaller and lower-cost satellites, in general, is thought to come &quot;from other makers of [[small satellite]]s, thought to include companies such as Nevada-based [[Sierra Nevada Corporation|Sierra Nevada Corp.]] and Britain's [[Surrey Satellite Technology|Surrey Satellite Technology Ltd.]]&quot; as of 2014.&lt;ref name=m_wsj20141107/&gt;<br /> <br /> [[Amazon (company)|Amazon]] announced a large broadband internet satellite constellation proposal in April 2019, planning to launch up to 3,236 satellites in the next decade in what Amazon called &quot;[[Kuiper Systems|Project Kuiper]]&quot; (now [[Amazon Leo]]), a [[satellite constellation]] that will work in concert&lt;ref name=cnbc20190404&gt;{{cite news|last=Sheetz|first=Michael|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2019/04/04/amazon-project-kuiper-broadband-internet-small-satellite-network.html|title=Amazon wants to launch thousands of satellites so it can offer broadband internet from space|publisher=CNBC|date=4 April 2019|access-date=4 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190404151556/https://www.cnbc.com/2019/04/04/amazon-project-kuiper-broadband-internet-small-satellite-network.html|archive-date=4 April 2019|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> with Amazon's previously announced large network of 12 satellite ground station facilities (the &quot;[[Amazon Web Services|AWS]] Ground Station unit&quot;) announced in November 2018.&lt;ref name=cnbc20181127&gt;{{cite news |last=Sheetz|first=Michael|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2018/11/27/amazon-launches-aws-ground-station-satellite-data-collection-service.html|title=Amazon cloud business reaches into space with satellite connection service|publisher=CNBC|date=27 November 2018|access-date=4 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190407001146/https://www.cnbc.com/2018/11/27/amazon-launches-aws-ground-station-satellite-data-collection-service.html|archive-date=7 April 2019|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Historically, earlier companies that have attempted to build satellite internet service networks and provide space-based internet connections have not fared well, as these services were hobbled by high costs which consequently attracted few users. [[Iridium Communications|Iridium SSC]] filed for bankruptcy protection in 1999, [[Globalstar]] did the same in 2002, and [[Teledesic]] suspended its satellite construction work in the same year.&lt;ref name=m_wsj20141107/&gt;<br /> <br /> == See also ==<br /> {{Portal|Spaceflight}}<br /> * [[Iridium satellite constellation]] — 82 operational satellites used to provide global satellite phone services.<br /> * [[Orbcomm (satellite)|Orbcom satellite constellation]] — 29 operational satellites used to provide global asset monitoring and messaging services.<br /> * [[Starlink|Starlink satellite constellation]] — operational globally, with more than 10,000 satellites and more than 8 million subscribers {{asof|2026|03|lc=y}}.<br /> * [[China national satellite internet project]]<br /> * [[Lynk Global]] — a satellite-to-mobile-phone satellite constellation with the objective of coverage to traditional low-cost mobile devices<br /> * [[Teledesic]] — a former (1990s) venture to accomplish broadband satellite internet services<br /> * [[Viasat, Inc.]] — a current broadband satellite provider providing fixed, ground mobile, and airborne antennas<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> == External links ==<br /> * {{Official website|https://oneweb.net}}<br /> <br /> {{Satellite constellations}}<br /> {{Bharti Enterprises}}<br /> {{Authority control}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Telecommunications companies established in 2012]]<br /> [[Category:British companies established in 2012]]<br /> [[Category:American companies established in 2012]]<br /> [[Category:Satellite Internet access]]<br /> [[Category:Communications satellite operators]]<br /> [[Category:Aerospace companies]]<br /> [[Category:Satellite telephony]]<br /> [[Category:British brands]]<br /> [[Category:Companies based in London]]<br /> [[Category:Companies based in Arlington County, Virginia]]<br /> [[Category:Companies that filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy in 2020]]<br /> [[Category:SoftBank portfolio companies]]<br /> [[Category:Bharti Enterprises]]<br /> [[Category:2023 mergers and acquisitions]]<br /> [[Category:Government-owned companies of the United Kingdom]]<br /> [[Category:Spacecraft launched by LVM3 rockets]]<br /> [[Category:Spaceflight events affected by the Russian invasion of Ukraine]]</div>

Vinay https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kunduru_Raghuveer&diff=511173 2026-04-19T23:34:39Z

<p>Vinay: Adding a data initial version</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Indian politician}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=August 2024}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=August 2024}}<br /> {{Infobox officeholder<br /> | name = Kunduru Raghuveer<br /> | image =<br /> | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1980|1|2|df=y}}<br /> | birth_place = <br /> | office = [[Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha]]<br /> | term_start = 4 June 2024<br /> | term_end = <br /> | constituency = [[Nalgonda Lok Sabha constituency|Nalgonda]]<br /> | party = [[Indian National Congress]]<br /> | parents = [[Kunduru Jana Reddy]] (Father)<br /> | spouse = <br /> | profession = <br /> | source = https://sansad.in/ls/members/biography/5793?from=members<br /> | predecessor = [[N. Uttam Kumar Reddy]]<br /> | relations = [[Kunduru Jayaveer Reddy]] (Brother) <br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Kunduru Raghuveer''' is an Indian [[politician]] and the elected candidate for [[Lok Sabha]] from [[Nalgonda Lok Sabha constituency]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |url=https://www.news18.com/elections/nalgonda-election-result-2024-live-updates-highlights-lok-sabha-winner-loser-leading-trailing-mp-margin-8917335.html |title=Nalgonda Election Result 2024 LIVE Updates Highlights: Kunduru Raghuveer of INC Wins |publisher=News18 |date=4 June 2024 |access-date=10 Sep 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |url=https://www.theweek.in/wire-updates/national/2024/06/04/eln458-elections-tl-cong-raghuveer-reddy.html |title=Congress's Nalgonda candidate Raghuveer Reddy leading with massive 5.37 lakh votes |publisher=The Week |date=4 June 2024 |access-date=10 Sep 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;eci&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/PcResultGenJune2024/candidateswise-S2913.htm |title=Election Commission of India |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |website=results.eci.gov.in |access-date=5 June 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; He is a member of the [[Indian National Congress]].&lt;ref name=&quot;eci&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Grassroots workers {{!}} Rooted in the masses&quot;&gt;{{cite news|title=Grassroots workers {{!}} Rooted in the masses|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/cover-story/18th-lok-sabha-the-debutants/story/20240722-grassroots-workers-rooted-in-the-masses-2565853-2024-07-13|accessdate=1 June 2025|publisher=India Today|date=13 July 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250601170808/https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/cover-story/18th-lok-sabha-the-debutants/story/20240722-grassroots-workers-rooted-in-the-masses-2565853-2024-07-13|archivedate=1 June 2025|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> He was appointed as [[Telangana Pradesh Congress Committee]] (TPCC) Vice President on 9 June 2025.&lt;ref name=&quot;AICC appoints 27 VPs and 69 general secretaries for TPCC&quot;&gt;{{cite news |last1= |first1= |date=9 June 2025 |title=AICC appoints 27 VPs and 69 general secretaries for TPCC |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/telangana/aicc-appoints-27-vps-and-69-general-secretaries-for-tpcc/article69676082.ece |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250610054127/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/telangana/aicc-appoints-27-vps-and-69-general-secretaries-for-tpcc/article69676082.ece |archive-date=10 June 2025 |access-date=10 June 2025 |publisher=The Hindu |language=en-IN}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> {{Portal|India|Politics}}<br /> *[[18th Lok Sabha]]<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{authority control}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Living people]]<br /> [[Category:Lok Sabha members from Telangana]]<br /> [[Category:1980 births]]<br /> [[Category:Place of birth missing (living people)]]<br /> [[Category:India MPs 2024–2029]]<br /> [[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Telangana]]<br /> [[Category:Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance candidates in 2024 Indian general election]]<br /> <br /> {{Telangana-INC-politician-stub}}</div>

Vinay https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jwalapur_Assembly_constituency&diff=506747 2026-04-19T19:28:00Z

<p>Vinay: Adding new info w/ refs</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Constituency of the Uttarakhand legislative assembly in India}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=February 2023}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}<br /> {{Infobox Indian constituency<br /> | name = Jwalapur<br /> | mla = [[Ravi Bahadur]]<br /> | party = [[Indian National Congress]]<br /> | latest_election_year = 2022<br /> | state = Uttarakhand<br /> | district = [[Haridwar]]<br /> | electors = 116,836 (2022)<br /> | reservation = SC<br /> | type = SLA<br /> | loksabha_cons = [[Haridwar Lok Sabha constituency|Haridwar]]<br /> | constituency_no = 27<br /> | map_image = Jwalapur Assembly constituency map.svg<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Jwalapur Legislative Assembly constituency''' is one of the seventy electoral [[Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly]] constituencies of [[Uttarakhand]] state in [[India]].&lt;ref name=delimitation2008&gt;{{cite web |url=https://upload.indiacode.nic.in/showfile?actid=AC_CEN_3_20_00030_200233_1517807324510&amp;type=order&amp;filename=Delimitation%20Order,2008.pdf |title=Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 2008 |date=26 November 2008 |access-date= 24 June 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; It includes Jwalapur area of [[Haridwar]] District.<br /> <br /> Jwalapur Legislative Assembly constituency is a part of [[Haridwar (Lok Sabha constituency)]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://gov.ua.nic.in/ceouttranchal/ceo/ac_detl.aspx |title=CEO Uttaranchal - Assembly Constitution Detail |website=gov.ua.nic.in |access-date=13 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081203060144/http://gov.ua.nic.in/ceouttranchal/ceo/ac_detl.aspx |archive-date=3 December 2008 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://gov.ua.nic.in/ceouttranchal/ceo/ac_pc.aspx |title=CEO Uttaranchal - Assembly and Parliamentary constituencies |website=gov.ua.nic.in |access-date=13 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081203060201/http://gov.ua.nic.in/ceouttranchal/ceo/ac_pc.aspx |archive-date=3 December 2008 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; The constituency comes under the [[Haridwar Municipal Corporation]], where it covers 37 wards.<br /> <br /> == Members of the Legislative Assembly ==<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Election<br /> ! Member<br /> ! colspan=2|Party<br /> |-<br /> | [[2012 Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly election|2012]] || [[Chandra Shekhar (Uttarakhand politician)|Chandra Shekhar]] || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=2}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[2017 Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly election|2017]] || Suresh Rathor<br /> |-<br /> | [[2022 Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly election|2022]] || [[Ravi Bahadur]] || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br /> |}<br /> <br /> == Election results ==<br /> ===Assembly Election 2022 ===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[2022 Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly election]]: Jwalapur&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|publisher=Chief Electoral Officer, Uttarakhand|title=Uttarakhand State General Assembly Elections 2022 - AC-Wise Detailed Result (Form-20) |url=https://election.uk.gov.in/CEO-Website/VidhanSabha2022/Form20/form20_2022.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220615102703/https://election.uk.gov.in/CEO-Website/VidhanSabha2022/Form20/form20_2022.htm|archive-date=15 June 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Ravi Bahadur]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=42,372 |percentage=45.68% |change={{increase}}17.25 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Suresh Rathore |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=29,029 |percentage=31.30% |change={{decrease}}2.64 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Shishpal Singh |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=14,760 |percentage=15.91% |change={{decrease}}6.49 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=S. P. Singh Engineer |party=Aazad Samaj Party (Kanshi Ram) |votes=4,208 |percentage=4.54% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Mamta Singh |party=Aam Aadmi Party |votes=929 |percentage=1.00% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Sanatan Sonker |party=Samajwadi Party |votes=601 |percentage=0.65% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=None of the above |party=None of the above |votes=494 |percentage=0.53% |change={{decrease}}0.20 }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=13,343 |percentage=14.38% |change= {{increase}}8.88 }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=92,757 |percentage=79.30% |change= {{decrease}}0.59 }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,16,971 |ref = |change= {{increase}}7.44 }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Bharatiya Janata Party |swing= {{increase}}11.75 }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ===Assembly Election 2017 ===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[2017 Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly election]]: Jwalapur&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|publisher=Chief Electoral Officer, Uttarakhand|title=Uttarakhand State General Assembly Elections 2017 - AC-Wise Detailed Result (Form-20) |url=https://election.uk.gov.in/CEO-Website/VidhanSabha2017/Form_20/form20_2017.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220630093109/https://election.uk.gov.in/CEO-Website/VidhanSabha2017/Form_20/form20_2017.htm|archive-date=30 June 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Suresh Rathor |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=29,513 |percentage=33.93% |change={{increase}}3.69 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=S. P. Singh Engineer |party=Indian National Congress |votes=24,725 |percentage=28.43% |change={{decrease}}0.89 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Mulki Raj |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=19,483 |percentage=22.40% |change={{decrease}}7.05 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Braj Rani |party=Independent politician |votes=9,338 |percentage=10.74% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Subhash Chanchal |party=Independent politician |votes=1,544 |percentage=1.78% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Madan Lal |party=Independent politician |votes=1,077 |percentage=1.24% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=None of the above |party=None of the above |votes=638 |percentage=0.73% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Arvind Kumar |party=Independent politician |votes=559 |percentage=0.64% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=4,788 |percentage=5.51% |change= {{increase}}4.71 }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=86,975 |percentage=79.89% |change= {{increase}}1.82 }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,08,875 |ref = |change= {{increase}}20.67 }}<br /> {{Election box hold with party link |winner=Bharatiya Janata Party |loser=Bharatiya Janata Party |swing= {{increase}}3.69 }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ===Assembly Election 2012 ===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[2012 Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly election]]: Jwalapur&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|publisher=Chief Electoral Officer, Uttarakhand|title=Uttarakhand State General Assembly Elections 2012 - AC-Wise Detailed Result (Form-20) |url=https://election.uk.gov.in/Vidhan_sabha2012/form20_2012_PDF/form20_2012.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220929115647/https://election.uk.gov.in/Vidhan_sabha2012/form20_2012_PDF/form20_2012.htm|archive-date=29 September 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Chandra Shekhar (Uttarakhand politician)|Chandra Shekhar]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=21,303 |percentage=30.24% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Madan Lal |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=20,745 |percentage=29.45% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Braj Rani |party=Indian National Congress |votes=20,649 |percentage=29.31% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Kavita |party=Rashtriya Lok Nirman Party |votes=2,926 |percentage=4.15% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Subhash Chanchal |party=Independent politician |votes=2,792 |percentage=3.96% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Raju Singh |party=Nationalist Congress Party |votes=479 |percentage=0.68% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Babu Ram |party=Independent politician |votes=387 |percentage=0.55% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=558 |percentage=0.79% |change= }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=70,440 |percentage=78.07% |change= }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 90,228 |ref = |change= }}<br /> {{Election box new seat win |winner=Bharatiya Janata Party |loser= |swing= }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> * [[Bahadarabad (Uttarakhand Assembly constituency)]]<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> * {{cite web |title=Record of all Uttarakhand Assembly Elections |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/category/93-uttarakhand/ |website=eci.gov.in |publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date=17 January 2024}}<br /> <br /> {{Assembly constituencies of Uttarakhand}}<br /> {{coord|29.93|78.11|display=title}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Haridwar]]<br /> [[Category:Assembly constituencies of Uttarakhand]]<br /> [[Category:2008 establishments in Uttarakhand]]<br /> [[Category:Politics of Uttarakhand]]<br /> [[Category:Haridwar district]]<br /> [[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 2008]]</div>

Vinay https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rajauli_Assembly_constituency&diff=528479 2026-04-14T03:32:45Z

<p>Vinay: added new data.</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Assembly constituency in Bihar, India}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date = March 2020}}<br /> {{Infobox Indian constituency<br /> | name = Rajauli Assembly constituency&lt;!-- The name of the constituency --&gt;<br /> | type = SLA<br /> | map_image = 235-Rajauli constituency.svg<br /> | map_caption = <br /> | map_alt = <br /> | mla = [[Vimal Rajbanshi]]<br /> | party = {{Party index link|Lok Janshakti Party (Ram Vilas)}} &lt;!--Name of the current MLA's party. Leave blank for former constituencies--&gt;<br /> | alliance = {{Party index link|National Democratic Alliance}}<br /> | latest_election_year = [[2025 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|2025]] &lt;!--Year of the last election. Leave blank for former constituencies--&gt;<br /> | region = <br /> | state = [[Bihar]]<br /> | district = [[Nawada district|Nawada]]<br /> | division = <br /> | loksabha_cons = <br /> | constituency_no = [[List of constituencies of the Bihar Legislative Assembly|-]]<br /> | established = 1951<br /> | electors = 331,278<br /> | incumbent_image = <br /> | abolished = &lt;!-- year abolished --&gt;<br /> }}<br /> '''Rajauli Assembly constituency''' is an assembly constituency for [[Bihar Legislative Assembly]] in [[Nawada district]] of [[Bihar]], [[India]]. It comes under [[Nawada (Lok Sabha constituency)]].&lt;ref name=&quot;election2020&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://nawada.nic.in/departments/district-election-office-nawada/|title=District Election Office, Nawada {{!}} District Administration, Nawada {{!}} India|language=en-US|access-date=2020-03-05}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;election2020-1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.electionsinindia.com/bihar/rajauli-assembly-vidhan-sabha-constituency-elections|title=Rajauli (SC) Vidhan Sabha Election - Rajauli (SC) Assembly Election Results, Polling Stations, Voters, Candidates|website=www.electionsinindia.com|access-date=2020-03-05}}&lt;/ref&gt; Prakash Veer of RJD had won the [[2020 Bihar Legislative Assembly election]] from Rajauli.&lt;ref name=&quot;election2015&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Prakash Veer(RJD):Constituency- RAJAULI (SC)(NAWADA) - Affidavit Information of Candidate|url=https://myneta.info/bihar2015/candidate.php?candidate_id=209|access-date=2020-12-09|website=myneta.info}}&lt;/ref&gt; Before [[2025 Bihar Legislative Assembly election]] Prakash Veer joined [[Janshakti Janata Dal]] led by [[Tej Pratap Yadav]].<br /> <br /> == Members of the Legislative Assembly ==<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;<br /> !Year<br /> !Member<br /> ! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Party<br /> |-<br /> |1951<br /> |Radha Krishna Prasad Sinha &lt;ref name=&quot;election1951&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1951/StatisticalReports_51_BIHAR.pdf|title=Bihar Legislative Assembly elections 1951|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006121833/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1951/StatisticalReports_51_BIHAR.pdf |archive-date=6 October 2010 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=4}}<br /> |-<br /> |[[1957 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1957]]<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Ramswaroop Prasad Yadav]]<br /> |-<br /> |[[1962 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1962]]<br /> |-<br /> |[[1967 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1967]]<br /> |Shanti Devi<br /> |-<br /> |[[1969 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1969]]<br /> |Babu Lal<br /> |{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Jana Sangh}}<br /> |-<br /> |[[1972 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1972]]<br /> |Banwari Ram<br /> |{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br /> |-<br /> |[[1977 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1977]]<br /> |Babu Lal<br /> |{{Party name with color|Independent}}<br /> |-<br /> |[[1980 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1980]]<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Banwari Ram<br /> |{{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> |[[1985 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1985]]<br /> |{{Party name with color|Independent}}<br /> |-<br /> |[[1990 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1990]]<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Babu Lal<br /> |{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> |[[1995 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1995]]<br /> |{{Full party name with color|Janata Dal}}<br /> |-<br /> |[[2000 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|2000]]<br /> |Rajaram Paswan<br /> | {{Full party name with color|Rashtriya Janata Dal|rowspan=2}}<br /> |-<br /> |[[February 2005 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|2005]]<br /> |Nand Kishore Choudhary<br /> |-<br /> |[[October 2005 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|2005]]<br /> |Banwari Ram<br /> | {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=2}}<br /> |-<br /> |[[2010 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|2010]]<br /> |Kanhaiya Kumar<br /> |-<br /> |[[2015 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|2015]]<br /> | rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |[[Prakash Veer]]<br /> | {{Full party name with color|Rashtriya Janata Dal|rowspan=2}}<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=2|[[2020 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|2020]]<br /> |-<br /> | {{Full party name with color|Janshakti Janata Dal}}<br /> |-<br /> |[[2025 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|2025]]<br /> |[[Vimal Rajbanshi]]<br /> |{{Full party name with color|Lok Janshakti Party (Ram Vilas)|dab=yes}}<br /> |-<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Election results==<br /> === 2025 ===<br /> {{Election box begin | title= [[2025 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|Bihar Legislative Assembly Election, 2025]]: Rajauli&lt;ref name=&quot;2025 Bihar Legislative Assembly Election Result: Rajauli&quot;&gt;{{cite news |title=2025 Bihar Legislative Assembly Election Result: Rajauli |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenNov2025/candidateswise-S04235.htm |accessdate=22 November 2025 |work= |publisher=Election Commission of India |date=14 November 2025 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20251122133945/https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenNov2025/candidateswise-S04235.htm |archivedate=22 November 2025 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link<br /> |candidate = [[Vimal Rajbanshi]]<br /> |party = Lok Janshakti Party (Ram Vilas)<br /> |votes = {{formatnum:90272}}<br /> |percentage = 44.98<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> |candidate = Pinki Bharti<br /> |party = Rashtriya Janata Dal<br /> |votes = {{formatnum:86319}}<br /> |percentage = 43.01<br /> |change = {{increase}}1.29<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> |candidate = Akhilesh Kumar<br /> |party = Bahujan Samaj Party<br /> |votes = {{formatnum:3832}}<br /> |percentage = 1.91<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> |candidate = Naresh Chaudhari<br /> |party = Jan Suraaj Party<br /> |votes = {{formatnum:3321}}<br /> |percentage = 1.65<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> |party = Janshakti Janta Dal<br /> |candidate = Prakash Vir<br /> |votes = {{formatnum:2856}}<br /> |percentage = 1.42<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> |candidate = Pratima Kumari<br /> |party = Rashtriya Lok Janshakti Party<br /> |votes = {{formatnum:2262}}<br /> |percentage = 1.13<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> |party = Suheldev Bhartiya Samaj Party<br /> |candidate = Chandan Kumar<br /> |votes = {{formatnum:2160}}<br /> |percentage = 1.08<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> |candidate = Vijay Paswan<br /> |party = Independent<br /> |votes = {{formatnum:2120}}<br /> |percentage = 1.06<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> |party = None of the above<br /> |candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]<br /> |votes = {{formatnum:4286}}<br /> |percentage = 2.14<br /> |change = {{increase}}1.43<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box majority<br /> |votes = {{formatnum:3953}}<br /> |percentage = 1.97<br /> |change = {{decrease}}5.53<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box turnout<br /> |votes = {{formatnum:200701}}<br /> |percentage = 60.58<br /> |change = {{increase}}10.15<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link<br /> |winner = Lok Janshakti Party (Ram Vilas)<br /> |loser = Rashtriya Janata Dal<br /> |swing = ''new''<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> <br /> === 2020 ===<br /> <br /> <br /> In the [[2015 Bihar Legislative Assembly election]] in Rajauli, RJD won with 45.81% votes while BJP came in second with 42.81% votes, with a vote margin of 4615 votes.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|last=Kumar|first=Madan|date=23 October 2020|title=Bihar elections: Nawada district's Rajauli, Hisua set to witness direct contest between RJD and BJP|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/assembly-elections/bihar/bihar-elections-nawada-districts-rajauli-and-hisua-set-to-witness-direct-contest-between-rjd-and-bjp-candidates/articleshow/78833069.cms|access-date=2020-12-09|website=The Times of India|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> {{Election box begin |title=[[2020 Bihar Legislative Assembly election]]: Rajauli&lt;ref name=&quot;election2020&quot;/&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link<br /> |candidate = [[Prakash Veer]]<br /> |party = Rashtriya Janata Dal<br /> |votes = {{formatnum:69984}}<br /> |percentage = 41.72<br /> |change = -4.09<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> |party = Bharatiya Janata Party<br /> |candidate = Kanhaiya Kumar<br /> |votes = {{formatnum:57391}}<br /> |percentage = 34.22<br /> |change = -8.59<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> |party = Independent<br /> |candidate = Arjun Ram<br /> |votes = {{formatnum:14394}}<br /> |percentage = 8.58<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> |party = Independent<br /> |candidate = Prema Chaudhary<br /> |votes = {{formatnum:5309}}<br /> |percentage = 3.17<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> |party = Independent<br /> |candidate = Banwari Ram<br /> |votes = {{formatnum:3506}}<br /> |percentage = 2.09<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> |party = Independent<br /> |candidate = Prithaviraj Basant<br /> |votes = {{formatnum:2296}}<br /> |percentage = 1.37<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> |party = Independent<br /> |candidate = Ranjit Kumar<br /> |votes = {{formatnum:2219}}<br /> |percentage = 1.32<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> |party = Independent<br /> |candidate = Balmiki Ram<br /> |votes = {{formatnum:1956}}<br /> |percentage = 1.17<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> |party = Rashtriya Lok Samta Party<br /> |candidate = Mithilesh Rajvanshi<br /> |votes = {{formatnum:1529}}<br /> |percentage = 0.91<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> |party = None of the above<br /> |candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]<br /> |votes = {{formatnum:1188}}<br /> |percentage = 0.71<br /> |change = -2.89<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box majority<br /> |votes = {{formatnum:12593}}<br /> |percentage = 7.5<br /> |change = +4.5<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box turnout<br /> |votes = {{formatnum:167735}}<br /> |percentage = 50.43<br /> |change = -0.42<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box hold with party link<br /> |winner = Rashtriya Janata Dal<br /> |loser = <br /> |swing = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> <br /> === 2015 ===<br /> {{Election box begin<br /> |title = [[2015 Bihar Legislative Assembly election]]: Rajauli&lt;ref name=&quot;election2015&quot;/&gt;<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link<br /> |party = Rashtriya Janata Dal<br /> |candidate = Prakash Veer<br /> |votes = {{formatnum:70549}}<br /> |percentage = 45.81<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> |party = Bharatiya Janata Party<br /> |candidate = Arjun Ram<br /> |votes = {{formatnum:65934}}<br /> |percentage = 42.81<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> |party = Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) Liberation<br /> |candidate = Vinay Paswan<br /> |votes = {{formatnum:2987}}<br /> |percentage = 1.94<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> |party = Bahujan Samaj Party<br /> |candidate = Rakesh Kumar<br /> |votes = {{formatnum:2518}}<br /> |percentage = 1.63<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> |party = Republican Party of India<br /> |candidate = Rajendra Paswan<br /> |votes = {{formatnum:1409}}<br /> |percentage = 0.91<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> |party = None of the above<br /> |candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]<br /> |votes = {{formatnum:5541}}<br /> |percentage = 3.6<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box majority<br /> |votes = {{formatnum:4615}}<br /> |percentage = 3.0<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box turnout<br /> |votes = {{formatnum:154019}}<br /> |percentage = 50.85<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> * {{cite web |title=Results of all Bihar Assembly elections |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/category/68-bihar/ |website=eci.gov.in |publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date=15 March 2022}}<br /> <br /> {{Assembly constituencies of Bihar}}<br /> {{coord|24.65|85.51|display=title}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Assembly constituencies of Bihar]]<br /> [[Category:Politics of Nawada district]]<br /> [[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1951]]<br /> [[Category:1951 establishments in Bihar]]</div>

Vinay https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=O%27Dwyer_v._Nair_Libel_Case&diff=522670 2026-04-10T07:07:54Z

<p>Vinay: added new post.</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|1924 English court case}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=June 2025}}<br /> {{Use British English|date=June 2025}}<br /> {{Infobox court case<br /> |name = O'Dwyer v. Nair Libel Case<br /> |court = <br /> |image = Coat of arms of the United Kingdom (1901-1952).svg<br /> |imagesize = <br /> |imagelink = <br /> |imagealt = <br /> |caption = <br /> |full name = <br /> |date decided = 29 May 1924<br /> |citations = <br /> |ECLI = <br /> |transcripts = <br /> |judges = [[Henry McCardie]]<br /> |number of judges = <br /> |decision by = <br /> |concurring = <br /> |dissenting = <br /> |concur/dissent = <br /> |prior actions = <br /> |appealed from = <br /> |appealed to = <br /> |subsequent actions = <br /> |related actions = <br /> |opinions = <br /> |keywords = &lt;!-- {{Hlist|...}} --&gt;<br /> |italic title = <br /> }}<br /> '''O'Dwyer v. Nair Libel Case''', also known as the '''O'Dwyer-Nair Trial''' was a [[defamation|libel]] case held in London in [[English law]] against the Indian politician and lawyer [[C. Sankaran Nair|Sir C. Sankaran Nair]], by former [[List of governors of Punjab (British India)|Lieutenant Governor of the Punjab]], [[Michael O'Dwyer|Sir Michael O'Dwyer]]. The case arose from statements made in Nair's 1922 book ''[[Gandhi and Anarchy]]'', in which he criticised O'Dwyer's administration and held him responsible for the events leading to the Punjab disturbances, particularly the [[Jallianwala Bagh massacre]] of 1919. <br /> <br /> Heard over five weeks from 30 April 1924, the case became one of the longest civil trials of its time. It was intended by O’Dwyer to justify the actions of his administration and those involved in suppressing the unrest in Punjab in 1919. The trial focused on two main questions, whether Dyer committed an atrocity at Amritsar on 13 April 1919, and whether O’Dwyer was responsible for it. The trial provided details of events in Punjab in 1919 not recorded elsewhere. Some principal participants elaborated on earlier accounts and lesser known figures involved in those events were given the opportunity to testify.<br /> <br /> The [[preliminary hearing]] was held in October 1923 at the [[Lahore High Court]]. The case was later brought before Justice [[Henry McCardie]] in the [[King's Bench Division]] in April 1924, five years after the massacre. Though not formally on trial or present at the trial, [[Reginald Dyer]]'s role in the massacre was central to the proceedings, with the case often viewed as a proxy examination of his actions in [[Amritsar]]. The jury delivered its verdict on 29 May 1924, with all jurors except [[Harold Laski]] ruling in favour of O'Dwyer. Nair was [[writ|ordered]] to pay damages and legal costs. The outcome of the trial renewed public scrutiny of British actions in Punjab. <br /> <br /> ==Background==<br /> On 9 April 1919, fearing a rebellion over the effects on Indians of the [[Rowlatt Acts]], which extended [[Defence of India Act, 1915|emergency powers]] and allowed imprisonment without trial, [[List of governors of Punjab (British India)|Lieutenant Governor of the Punjab]], [[Michael O'Dwyer|Sir Michael O'Dwyer]] barred [[Gandhi]] from entering the province of Punjab, [[British India]], and on the same day, ordered the deportation of Amritsar's two leading local figures, [[Saifuddin Kitchlew]] and [[Satyapal]], for the next morning.&lt;ref name=Collett2011&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Collett |first1=Nigel A. |author-link=Nigel Collett |date=2011 |title=The O'Dwyer v. Nair Libel Case of 1924: New Evidence Concerning Indian Attitudes and British Intelligence During the 1919 Punjab Disturbances |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/41490046 |journal=Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society |volume=21 |issue=4 |pages=469–483 |doi=10.1017/S1356186311000435 |jstor=41490046 |issn=1356-1863 |url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{efn|Many Indians saw these laws as a betrayal after supporting Britain in [[World War I]].&lt;ref name=Collett2011/&gt;}} These moves set off a series of violent outbreaks, and various punishments, that lasted more than a month and came to be known as the [[Punjab disturbances (1919)|Punjab disturbances]].&lt;ref name=Collett2011/&gt; Protests on 10 April turned violent, resulting in attacks on government buildings and casualties among both Indians and Europeans.&lt;ref name=Collett2011/&gt; On 13 April, [[Reginald Dyer]], ordered troops to fire on a peaceful gathering at [[Jallianwala Bagh]], resulting in the [[Jallianwala Bagh massacre]].&lt;ref name=Collett2011/&gt; The unrest spread to other towns, including [[Gujranwala District|Gujranwala]], where the following day [[Aerial bombing of Gujranwala (1919)|British forces used aerial bombing to control crowds]].&lt;ref name=Collett2011/&gt; Dyer's actions were backed by O'Dwyer, whose administration was known for its harsh measures.&lt;ref name=Collett2011/&gt; The [[Jallianwala Bagh massacre#Hunter Commission|Hunter Commission]], set up to investigate, condemned the shootings but had no authority to impose formal punishment.&lt;ref name=Collett2011/&gt; Dyer was forced to retire, but not prosecuted.&lt;ref name=Collett2011/&gt;<br /> <br /> In 1922 O'Dwyer was in England writing his memoir ''[[India as I Knew It]]'', when Indian politician, lawyer, and former member of the [[Viceroy's Executive Council]], [[C. Sankaran Nair|Sir C. Sankaran Nair]], published ''[[Gandhi and Anarchy]]''.&lt;ref name=Anand2021.15&gt;{{cite book |last1=Anand |first1=Anita |title=The Patient Assassin: A True Tale of Massacre, Revenge, and India's Quest for Independence |date=6 April 2021 |publisher=Simon and Schuster |isbn=978-1-5011-9571-6 |chapter=15. Patriots|pages=177–184 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mEoiEAAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PT177 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nair's book began with criticisms of the [[Non-cooperation movement (1919–1922)|non-cooperation movement]], accusing Gandhi of being blind to the atrocities committed by Muslims against Hindus.&lt;ref name=Anand2021.15/&gt; O'Dwyer agreed with this part of the book.&lt;ref name=Anand2021.15/&gt; He wrote in his memoir, &quot;If [Nair's] book stopped there...I would have fully supported him, as I had been advocating the same idea for three years, but for some reason, he felt the need to single me out and criticise me.&quot;&lt;ref name=Collett2011/&gt;&lt;ref name=Anand2021.15/&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Lawsuit==<br /> {{quote box |width=30%|style=min-width:12em|Before the [[Montagu–Chelmsford Reforms|Reforms]], it was in the power of the lieutenant governor, a single individual, to commit the atrocities in the Punjab we know only too well. Nair (''Gandhi and Anarchy'' (1922))&lt;ref name=Collett2011/&gt;}}<br /> As a former member of the Viceroy's Council, Nair believed he had access to information that had not been made public, including two supressed volumes of the official report into the Punjab disturbances, which gave him the confidence to place full blame on O'Dwyer.&lt;ref name=Anand2021.15/&gt;&lt;ref name=Datta.39&gt;Datta, pp. 39-40&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=Hunter6&gt;{{cite book |last1=Hunter |first1=William Hunter |last2=Datta |first2=V. N. |title=New light on the Punjab disturbances in 1919: volumes VI and VII of Disorders Inquiry Committee evidence |date=1975 |publisher=Indian Institute of Advanced Study |location=Simla |url=https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/003913837 |quote=Comprises the final two suppressed vols. of the evidence presented before the committee headed by William Hunter; the report and five vols. of evidence published in London, 1920}}&lt;/ref&gt; Several passages from Nair's book formed the basis of the libel case, particularly in the chapter titled 'The Punjab atrocities', regarding the suppression of the Punjab Disturbances including the Jallianwala Bagh massacre.&lt;ref name=Collett2011/&gt;&lt;ref name=Israel1994&gt;{{cite book |last1=Israel |first1=Milton |title=Communications and Power: Propaganda and the Press in the Indian National Struggle, 1920-1947 |date=1994 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=0-521-420-37-7 |page=37 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dkI_RHPPGKMC&amp;pg=PT37 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=Ilahi2020&gt;{{cite book |last1=Ilahi |first1=Shereen |title=Imperial Violence and the Path to Independence: India, Ireland and the Crisis of Empire |date=2020 |publisher=Bloomsbury Academic |isbn=978-1-350-15306-6 |page=85 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BQBbEAAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PT85|language=en |chapter=2. Inquiry, reactions and the principles of minimum force}}&lt;/ref&gt; In one instance, he criticised the powers held by colonial officials, stating that &quot;before the [[Montagu–Chelmsford Reforms|Reforms]] it was in the power of the Lieutenant-Governor, a single individual, to commit atrocities in the Punjab.&quot;&lt;ref name=Collett2011/&gt; O'Dwyer was ready to take legal action for [[defamation|libel]] over this statement alone.&lt;ref name=Collett2011/&gt;&lt;ref name=Anand2021.15/&gt; In another part of the book, Nair attributed [[First World War]] recruitment increases to coercive methods, claiming that &quot;the recruitment of non-Mohammedans also went up and both were due to the terrorism of Sir Michael O'Dwyer, very useful in this instance.&quot;&lt;ref name=Furneaux2022&gt;{{cite book |last1=Furneaux |first1=Rupert |title=Massacre at Amritsar |date=2022 |publisher=Taylor &amp; Francis |isbn=978-1-000-68932-7 |page=200 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=U2J6EAAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PT200|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; A third passage challenged official recognition of O'Dwyer, declaring, &quot;I realise that the eulogium passed by the English Cabinet on Lord Chelmsford and Sir Michael O'Dwyer was an outrage on public opinion.&quot;&lt;ref name=Furneaux2022/&gt; <br /> <br /> In response, in 1923, O'Dwyer recruited London solicitors [[William Joynson-Hicks, 1st Viscount Brentford|Sir William Joynson-Hicks and Co.]] to issue an [[writ|order]] for [[libel|defamation]].&lt;ref name=Collett2011/&gt;&lt;ref name=Anand2021.15/&gt; Nair had refused to both retract his remarks and pay the requested £1,000 in damages.&lt;ref name=Collett2011/&gt;&lt;ref name=Anand2021.15/&gt; Witnesses were subsequently listed to be assessed in Lahore, with a view to a hearing in London.&lt;ref name=&quot;Lahore.29Aug1923&quot;&gt;{{cite news |date=29 August 1923 |title=Nair O'Dwyer Libel Suit |url=https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0003221/19230829/074/0007 |url-access=subscription |access-date=22 April 2025 |work=Civil &amp; Military Gazette (Lahore) |location=Lahore |pages=7 |via=[[British Newspaper Archive]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Preliminary hearing==<br /> The [[preliminary hearing]] took place in October 1923 at the [[Lahore High Court]], and included sworn statements from around 125 defence witnesses based in India, including [[Chimanlal Harilal Setalvad]] and [[Mian Muhammad Shafi]], and some from Gandhi's Congress Inquiry.&lt;ref name=Collett2011/&gt;&lt;ref name=Lahore.14.Oct.1923.CMG&gt;{{cite news |title=O'Dwyer Nair case: settlement of preliminaries |url=https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0003221/19231014/052/0004 |access-date=2 May 2025 |work=Civil &amp; Military Gazette (Lahore) |date=14 October 1923|page=4 |location=Lahore|via=[[British Newspaper Archive]]|url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=Lahore.13Oct1923/&gt;&lt;ref name=Lahore.14Oct1923.3&gt;{{cite news |title=The Day's News|url=https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0003221/19231014/026/0003 |access-date=2 May 2025 |work=Civil &amp; Military Gazette |date=14 October 1923|page=3 |location=Lahore|via=British Newspaper Archive|url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{efn|Nair initially listed approximately 200 witnesses.&lt;ref name=Lahore.14.Oct.1923.CMG/&gt;}} Nair was represented by [[Bakshi Tek Chand]], while [[Abdul Qadir (Muslim leader)|Sheikh Abdul Qadir]] served as counsel for O'Dwyer.&lt;ref name=Lahore.19Dec1923/&gt; O'Dwyer submitted a list of eight witnesses.&lt;ref name=Lahore.14.Oct.1923.CMG/&gt; His Indian witnesses were exclusively from the upper class, including six landowners and tribal chiefs.&lt;ref name=Collett2011/&gt;<br /> <br /> Nair initially briefed [[Patrick Hastings|Sir Patrick Hastings]], but Hastings’s appointment as [[Attorney General for England and Wales|Attorney General]] under the [[First MacDonald ministry|incoming Labour government]] prevented him from appearing.&lt;ref name=Palat.110&gt;Palat, pp. 110-112&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=Lentin.63&gt;Lentin, p. 63&lt;/ref&gt; The case was then assigned to [[John Simon, 1st Viscount Simon|Sir John Simon]], who, after reviewing the evidence, judged it damaging to O’Dwyer.&lt;ref name=Palat.110/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=An Indian libel action |url=https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000728/19240425/009/0009 |access-date=15 August 2025 |work=Daily Record |date=25 April 1924 |page=9|url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt; On the eve of the trial, Simon telegraphed from Paris to withdraw, leaving Nair suddenly without legal representation.&lt;ref name=Palat.110/&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Trial==<br /> On 30 April 1924, in London, the case came before Justice [[Henry McCardie]] in the [[King's Bench Division]].&lt;ref name=Collett2011/&gt;&lt;ref name=Anand2021.15/&gt; [[Ernest Charles (judge)|Ernest Charles]] and [[Hugh Fraser (British judge)|Hugh Fraser]] represented O'Dwyer.&lt;ref name=Lahore.13May1924/&gt;&lt;ref name=Palat.110/&gt; Wilson and Company Solicitors represented Nair, with [[Walter Schwabe]], recruited the night before, as his counsel.&lt;ref name=Furneaux2022/&gt;&lt;ref name=Palat.110/&gt;&lt;ref name=Lahore.11July1923&gt;{{cite news |date=11 July 1923 |title=Personalia |url=https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0003221/19230711/043/0005 |url-access=subscription |access-date=22 April 2025 |work=Civil &amp; Military Gazette (Lahore) |location=Lahore |pages=5 |via=[[British Newspaper Archive]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Nair faced a major disadvantage in the English courts of 1924.&lt;ref name=Collett2011/&gt; Few were willing to back his claim that O'Dwyer had been oppressive, and those who did had little public influence.&lt;ref name=Collett2011/&gt; Lasting five weeks, the jury was made up of three women and nine men, including the left-wing academic [[Harold Laski]].&lt;ref name=Anand2021.15/&gt; Though Nair's Indian witnesses included 15 lawyers, 11 doctors, three educators, and six well-known businessmen, McCardie saw these as far less credible.&lt;ref name=Collett2011/&gt;<br /> <br /> The trial focused on proving or disproving two main points: that the general in charge at [[Jallianwala Bagh]], Amritsar, on 13 April 1919, [[Reginald Dyer]]'s order to open fire that day was an atrocity, and that O'Dwyer was to blame or played a role in making it happen.&lt;ref name=Collett2011/&gt;&lt;ref name=Lentin.56&gt;Lentin, p. 56&lt;/ref&gt; By 1924, Dyer was too ill to attend and was using a wheelchair, though the case largely served to examine and judge his actions as if he were the one on trial.&lt;ref name=Wagner2019/&gt; <br /> <br /> ===Testimony===<br /> In Lahore, onlooking Bar members supplied newspapers with reports until 24 November 1923.&lt;ref name=Lahore.1Dec1923&gt;{{cite news |title=O'Dwyer Nair case: reports no longer available |url=https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0003221/19231201/137/0012 |access-date=24 April 2025 |work=Civil &amp; Military Gazette (Lahore) |date=1 December 1923|page=12 |location=Lahore|via=British Newspaper Archive|url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> By the time of the trial, most English officials were back in Britain and able to testify, including some who had been silenced in 1919 and had not appeared before the Hunter Inquiry.&lt;ref name=Collett2011/&gt;<br /> <br /> ====Nair's witnesses====<br /> Most of Nair's witnesses had given statements to the Indian Congress Inquiry, led by Gandhi.&lt;ref name=Collett2011/&gt;<br /> <br /> {| role=&quot;presentation&quot; class=&quot;wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed&quot;<br /> | + class=&quot;nowrap&quot; | '''List of witnesses called by Nair''' for trial testimony between November and December 1923 in Lahore and May 1924 in London<br /> |-<br /> |'''[[Surendranath Banerjee]]''', Minister of the Bengal Government.&lt;ref name=Lahore.13May1924&gt;{{cite news |title=Headmen and recruits |url=https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0002947/19240513/056/0003 |access-date=27 April 2025 |work=Westminster Gazette|date=13 May 1924|page=3 |location=Lahore|via=British Newspaper Archive]|url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |'''Defence witnesses 2''', 12-year-old student from Khalsa School, Gujranwala.&lt;ref name=Nair1966&gt;{{cite book |last1=Nair |first1=C. S. |title=Autobiography of Sir C. Sankaran Nair |date=1966 |publisher=Lady Madhavan Nair |location=Madras |pages=424-432 |url=https://archive.org/details/autobiographyofs00sirc/page/424/mode/2up}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |'''Defence witnesses 3''', confectioner at Khalsa High School.&lt;ref name=Nair1966/&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |'''Defence witnesses 5''', male hit by splinter from a bomb, spent a month in hospital before being arrested.&lt;ref name=Nair1966/&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |'''Defence witnesses 6''', 25-year-old male from Dhullia, whose nephew and sister-inlaw were killed by the aerial action.&lt;ref name=Nair1966/&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |'''Defence witnesses 7''', male hit by splinter from a bomb.&lt;ref name=Nair1966/&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |'''Defence witnesses 9''', student from Gujranwalla.&lt;ref name=Nair1966/&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |'''Defence witnesses 22, 23, 32''',&lt;ref name=Lahore.27Nov1923/&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |'''Defence witness 31''', cousin of Taja.&lt;ref name=Lahore.27Nov1923&gt;{{cite news |title=O'Dwyer Nair case|url=https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0003221/19231127/132/0012 |access-date=28 April 2025 |work=Civil &amp; Military Gazette (Lahore) |date=27 November 1923|page=12 |location=Lahore|via=[[British Newspaper Archive]]|url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |'''Defence witness 33''', [[lambardar|village headman]].&lt;ref name=Lahore.27Nov1923/&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |'''Defence witness 53''', Ganda Singh Soni, lawyer at the Lahore Court.&lt;ref name=Nair1966/&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |'''[[Ratan Devi (witness)|Ratan Devi]]''', who lay with her dead husband at Jallianwala Bagh on 13 April 1919, was examined in court on 16 December 1923.&lt;ref name=Lahore.19Dec1923&gt;{{cite news |title=O'Dwyer Nair case: termination of proceedings|url=https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0003221/19231219/034/0004 |access-date=27 April 2025 |work=Civil &amp; Military Gazette|date=16 November 1923|page=4 |location=Lahore|via=British Newspaper Archive|url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=Chowdhury2019&gt;{{cite book |last1=Chowdhury |first1=Sharmishtha Roy |title=The First World War, Anticolonialism and Imperial Authority in British India, 1914-1924 |date=2019 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-0-429-79874-0 |page=290 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LKiaDwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PT290 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |'''Tej Bhan Kumar''', lawyer,&lt;ref name=Lahore.27Nov1923/&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |'''Raja Narendra Nath''', the last of 125 defence witnesses.&lt;ref name=Lahore.19Dec1923/&gt;&lt;ref name=Lahore.13May1924/&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |'''Raizada Bhagat Ram''',&lt;ref name=Palat.110/&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |'''Rehma''', father of a son enlisted into the Army.&lt;ref name=Lahore.27Nov1923/&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |'''[[Chimanlal Harilal Setalvad]]'''&lt;ref name=Lahore.13Oct1923&gt;{{cite news |title=O'Dwyer Nair case: settlement of preliminaries |url=https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0001947/19231013/088/0007 |access-date=27 April 2025 |work=Pall Mall Gazette |date=13 October 1923|page=7 |location=Lahore|via=[[British Newspaper Archive]]|url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |'''[[Mian Muhammad Shafi|Sir Muhammad Shafi]]''', Law member of the Indian Government.&lt;ref name=Lahore.13May1924/&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |'''Ishar Singh''', son of a [[Jats|Jat]] headman from [[Kamoke]], Gujranwala,&lt;ref name=Lahore.16Nov1923&gt;{{cite news |title=O'Dwyer Nair case: Defence opens|url=https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0003221/19231116/097/0008 |access-date=24 April 2025 |work=Civil &amp; Military Gazette (Lahore) |date=16 November 1923|page=8 |location=Lahore|via=British Newspaper Archive|url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |'''[[Gerard Anstruther Wathen|Gerard Wathen]]''', former principal of Khalsa College, Amritsar.&lt;ref name=Collett2011/&gt;&lt;ref name=Wagner2019&gt;{{cite book |last1=Wagner |first1=Kim A. |title=Amritsar, 1919 : an empire of fear and the making of a massacre|date=2019 |publisher=Yale University Press |isbn=978-0-3002-0035-5 |pages=245–246 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bziIDwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PT245|language=en |chapter=13. Aftershocks}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ====O'Dwyer's witnesses====<br /> <br /> {| role=&quot;presentation&quot; class=&quot;wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed&quot;<br /> | + class=&quot;nowrap&quot; | '''List of witnesses called by O'Dwyer''' for trial testimony between November and December 1923 in Lahore and May 1924 in London<br /> |-<br /> |'''R. B. Amarnath'''&lt;ref name=Lahore.14Nov1923&gt;{{cite news |title=O'Dwyer Nair case: R. B. Amarnath's evidence |url=https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0003221/19231114/114/0011 |access-date=27 April 2025 |work=Civil &amp; Military Gazette (Lahore) |date=14 November 1923|page=11 |location=Lahore|via=British Newspaper Archive|url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |'''Sir Chad Baksh'''&lt;ref name=Palat.110/&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |'''Mrs Bell''', widow of Major Bell&lt;ref name=&quot;O'Dwyer339&quot;/&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |'''[[William Beynon (Indian Army officer)|William Beynon]]''', retired British army officer and Dyer's superior, who administered martial law during the disturbances.&lt;ref name=Collett2011/&gt;&lt;ref name=Lahore.14May1924&gt;{{cite news |title=Nair O'Dwyer Case|url=https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0003221/19240514/085/0007 |access-date=24 April 2025 |work=Civil &amp; Military Gazette|page=7 |date=14 May 1924|location=Lahore|via=British Newspaper Archive|url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |'''John T. Botting''', captain in the Royal Field Artillery, who commanded British and Indian soldiers from the 12th Ammunition Column, part of the city's regular garrison. He was not called to give evidence in the Hunter inquiry.&lt;ref name=Collett2011/&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |'''E. P. Broadway'''&lt;ref name=&quot;O'Dwyer339&quot;/&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |'''Burlton'''&lt;ref name=&quot;O'Dwyer339&quot;/&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |'''Rao Bahadur Chaudhary Lal Chand''', High Court of Rohtak.&lt;ref name=Palat.110/&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |'''[[Viscount Chelmsford]]''',&lt;ref name=Lahore.3Jan1924&gt;{{cite news |title=O'Dwyer Nair case: important witnesses called|url=https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0003221/19230103/056/0005 |access-date=27 April 2025 |work=Civil &amp; Military Gazette (Lahore) |date=3 January 1924|page=5 |location=Lahore|via=British Newspaper Archive|url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |'''[[Thomas Peter Ellis]]'''&lt;ref name=&quot;O'Dwyer339&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last1=O’Dwyer |first1=Michael |title=India as I knew it 1885-1925 |date=1925 |publisher=Constable &amp; Co. |location=London |url=https://archive.org/details/in.gov.ignca.13879/page/339/mode/2up|pages=339-340}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=Dundee1924&gt;{{cite news |title=Legal advisors advice to Punjab Government |url=https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000563/19240516/082/0008 |access-date=7 February 2026 |work=Dundee Evening Telegraph |date=16 May 1924 |page=8|url-access=subscription|via=British Newspaper Archive}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |'''[[Patrick J. Fagan|Sir Patrick James Fagan]]'''&lt;ref name=&quot;O'Dwyer339&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=BDP13May1924&gt;{{cite news |title=The Law Courts|url=https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000619/19240513/006/0006|access-date=24 April 2025 |work=Birmingham Daily Post|page=6 |date=13 May 1924|via=British Newspaper Archive|url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |'''[[Lewis French]]''' (b.1873), [[Indian Civil Service|I.C.S.]], Secretary for Military Affairs to the Punjab Government, and Secretary to the Provincial Recruiting Board.&lt;ref name=Lahore.14May1924/&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |'''Basil Theodore Gibson''', Commissioner at Shahpur.&lt;ref name=&quot;O'Dwyer339&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=YPLI10May1924&gt;{{cite news |title=Recruiting methods in the Punjab|url=https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000687/19240510/404/0015|access-date=7 February 2026 |work=Yorkshire Post and Leeds Intelligencer|page=7 |date=10 May 1924|via=British Newspaper Archive|url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=Palat.129&gt;Palat, p. 129&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |'''A. A. Irvine'''&lt;ref name=&quot;O'Dwyer339&quot;/&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |'''[[Frank William Frederick Johnson|Frank Johnson]]''', British Lieutenant-General and commander of the Lahore civil area during marshall law in Punjab in 1919.&lt;ref name=Lahore.13Oct1923/&gt;&lt;ref name=Lloyd2011&gt;{{cite book |last1=Lloyd |first1=Nick |title=The Amritsar Massacre: The Untold Story of One Fateful Day |date=2011 |publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing |isbn=978-0-85771-997-3 |page=156 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AhCMDwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PT156|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last1=Punjab |first1=India Committee on Disturbances in Bombay, Delhi, and the |title=Report of the Committee Appointed in the Government of India to Investigate the Disturbances in the Punjab |date=1920 |publisher=H.M. Stationery Office |pages=279–281 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Wek2AQAAMAAJ&amp;pg=PT279 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |'''Sir Bahrami Khan''',&lt;ref name=Lahore.13Oct1923/&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |'''[[Malik Umar Hayat Khan|Umar Hayat Khan]]''',&lt;ref name=Lahore.13Oct1923/&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |'''Muhamad Akbar Khan''', recruiting officer in Peshawar.&lt;ref name=&quot;O'Dwyer339&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=Palat.129/&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |'''[[A. J. W. Kitchin]]''', former commissioner of the Lahore Division, supervised Amritsar's Deputy Commissioner, Miles Irving, and was delegated by O'Dwyer to handle the disturbances in April 1919.&lt;ref name=Collett2011/&gt; He was censured by the Government of India following the release of the Hunter Report, for his role on 10 April 1919.&lt;ref name=Collett2011/&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |'''Max Leigh''', assistant commissionaer at Shahpur.&lt;ref name=&quot;O'Dwyer339&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=Palat.129/&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |'''[[John Maffey, 1st Baron Rugby|Sir John Maffey]]'''&lt;ref name=&quot;O'Dwyer339&quot;/&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |'''[[Sir Charles Monro, 1st Baronet|George Carmichael Monro]]''', Governor of Gibraltar and former commander-in-chief in India.&lt;ref name=Collett2011/&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |'''[[Sir Charles Monro, 1st Baronet|Sir Charles Monro]]''', then India's [[Commander-in-Chief, India]].&lt;ref name=Collett2011/&gt;&lt;ref name=Lahore.3Jan1924/&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |'''Rai Bahadur Lala Amar Nath'''&lt;ref name=Palat.110/&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |'''[[William North, 12th Baron North|W. F. J. North]]''', commanded the fort at Lahore.&lt;ref name=&quot;O'Dwyer339&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=Dundee1924/&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |'''[[Aubrey J. O'Brien]]''', gave evidence to the Hunter Commission on martial law in Punjab and the [[Salaaming Order]].&lt;ref name=Lahore.13Oct1923/&gt;&lt;ref name=Disorders1920&gt;{{cite book |title=Report of the Committee Appointed in the Government of India to Investigate the Disturbances in the Punjab, Etc |date=1920 |publisher=H.M. Stationery Office |pages=1-33 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Vuk2AQAAMAAJ&amp;pg=PA1 |language=en |chapter=Part 1: Minutes of evidence (A J O'Brien) 6 December 1919}}&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> |-<br /> |'''Khan Bahadur Sayyad Mehdi Shah'''&lt;ref name=Palat.110/&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |'''Gajjan Singh''', of Ludhiana.&lt;ref name=Lahore.16Nov1923/&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |'''[[Henry &quot;Jullundur&quot; Smith|Henry Smith]]'''&lt;ref name=&quot;O'Dwyer339&quot;/&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |'''Khuda Baksh Tiwana''', of Bahawalpur.&lt;ref name=Palat.110/&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |'''[[Hubert Watson|Hubert Digby Watson]]''',&lt;ref name=Lahore.13May1924/&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |'''H. S. Williamson'''&lt;ref name=&quot;O'Dwyer339&quot;/&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |'''H. Wolley'''&lt;ref name=&quot;O'Dwyer339&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=YPLI10May1924/&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Closing argument and verdict==<br /> {{quote box |width=30%|style=min-width:12em|Speaking with full deliberation and knowing the whole of the evidence given in this case I expressed my view that General Dyer, in the grave and exceptional circumstances acted rightly and in my opinion he was wrongly punished by the Secretary of State for India. McCardie (May 1924).&lt;ref name=Wagner2019/&gt;&lt;ref name=Sharpe2009/&gt;}}<br /> At the trial's close, McCardie summed up the case by instructing the jury.&lt;ref name=Wagner2019/&gt; He made his sympathies with Dyer clear, expressing his opinion that &quot;Dyer, under the grave and exceptional circumstances, acted rightly, and in my opinion, upon his evidence, he was wrongly punished by the Secretary of State for India&quot;.&lt;ref name=Collett2011/&gt;&lt;ref name=HansardJuly2024&gt;{{cite web |title=O'Dwyer v. Nair (Hansard, 28 July 1924) |url=https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/commons/1924/jul/28/odwyer-v-nair |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250419180455/https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/commons/1924/jul/28/odwyer-v-nair |archive-date=19 April 2025 |access-date=18 April 2025 |website=api.parliament.uk}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The jury was unable to agree on a verdict, and agreed to accept a majority decision.&lt;ref name=Sharpe2009&gt;{{cite book |last1=Sharpe |first1=Robert J. |title=The Last Day, the Last Hour: The Currie Libel Trial |date=2009 |publisher=University of Toronto Press |isbn=978-0-8020-9619-7 |pages=72-73 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Efw3RlGkK1UC&amp;pg=PA72 |language=en |chapter=5. To sue or not to sue}}&lt;/ref&gt; On 29 May 1924, except for Laski, the remaining 11 jurors voted in O'Dwyer's favour.&lt;ref name=Anand2021.15/&gt; Nair was made to pay for the cost of the trial in addition to damages.&lt;ref name=Wagner2019/&gt; O'Dwyer received £500 and costs of £20,000.&lt;ref name=Lentin.59&gt;Lentin, p. 59&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Response==<br /> The trial was widely covered in the UK's media, particularly ''The Times''.&lt;ref name=Collett2011/&gt; Although O'Dwyer won the case, the trial renewed scrutiny of British actions in Punjab.&lt;ref name=Collett2011/&gt;&lt;ref name=Sharpe2009/&gt; McCardie's remarks drew criticism from the Government by openly discrediting the Hunter Committee's findings and reversing the government's earlier stance.&lt;ref name=Wagner2019/&gt; Primeminister at the time, [[Ramsay Macdonald]] could have consulted the then Attorney General [[Patrick Hastings]].&lt;ref name=NER1926&gt;{{cite book |title=The National and English Review |date=1926 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7HlPAQAAMAAJ&amp;pg|language=en|page=213}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=Gauba1956&gt;{{cite book |last1=Gauba |first1=Khalid Latif |title=Battles at the Bar |date=1956 |publisher=N.M. Tripathi |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XPixAAAAMAAJ&amp;pg|language=en|page=42}}&lt;/ref&gt; For many, the verdict affirmed Dyer's actions.&lt;ref name=Wagner2019/&gt;<br /> <br /> A few days after the verdict, [[E. M. Forster]] published ''[[A Passage to India]]'' and in resentment to the verdict sent McCardie a copy.&lt;ref name=Lentin.59/&gt;&lt;ref name=Laski&gt;{{cite book |last1=Laski |first1=Harold J. |title=A Grammar of Politics (Works of Harold J. Laski) |date=2014 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-317-58677-7 |page=552 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VBQhBQAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PT552 |language=en |chapter=10. The judicial process}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=Collett2022&gt;{{cite book |last1=Collett |first1=Nigel |title=Developing the Heart: E.M. Forster and India |date=2022 |publisher=City University of HK Press |isbn=978-962-937-590-4 |page=180 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=abFYEAAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PT180 |language=en |chapter=14. Indian echoes}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Nair's book in [[vernacular]] was withdrawn by the British Government following the verdict.&lt;ref name=Israel1994/&gt;<br /> <br /> In 2025, [[Karan Singh Tyagi]]'s adaptation of the trial featured in the Indian film ''[[Kesari Chapter 2]]'', based on the book ''[[The Case That Shook The Empire]]'' by Raghu Palat and Pushpa Palat.&lt;ref name=&quot;Sebastian2025&quot;&gt;{{cite news |last1=Sebastian |first1=Meryl |date=19 June 2025 |title=Jallianwala Bagh: C Sankaran Nair called out a massacre - and shamed the British Empire |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c24ql23qm73o |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250724080734/https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c24ql23qm73o |archive-date=24 July 2025 |access-date=23 July 2025 |work=www.bbc.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=‘Kesari Chapter 2’ true story: The courtroom battle that shook the British Empire |url=https://www.lifestyleasia.com/ind/entertainment/movies/kesari-chapter-2-true-story-akshay-kumar-r-madhavan-ananya-panday/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250724081308/https://www.lifestyleasia.com/ind/entertainment/movies/kesari-chapter-2-true-story-akshay-kumar-r-madhavan-ananya-panday/ |archive-date=24 July 2025 |access-date=23 July 2025 |website=www.lifestyleasia.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Significance==<br /> The case is significant for its trial records, which provide details of the events in Punjab in 1919 not recorded elsewhere, with some of the principal participants elaborating on earlier accounts and lesser known figures involved in those events given the opportunity to testify.&lt;ref name=Collett2011/&gt; According to Nigel Collett, the trial brought forward new evidence, with witness testimony shedding light on the attitude of sections of the Indian establishment towards the suppression of the Punjab disturbances, and the quality of intelligence available to the Government of India. It suggests that some Indians, whose positions depended on continued British rule, not only accepted the suppression but actively supported it.&lt;ref name=Collett2011/&gt;<br /> <br /> The trial possibly influenced [[Arthur Currie|Sir Arthur Currie]] in pursuing a libel case in 1927-28.&lt;ref name=Sharpe2009/&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Notes==<br /> {{notelist}}<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist|2}}<br /> <br /> ==Bibliography==<br /> *{{cite book |last1=Lentin |first1=Antony|author-link=Antony Lentin |title=Mr Justice McCardie (1869-1933): Rebel, Reformer, and Rogue Judge |date=2016 |publisher=Cambridge Scholars Publishing |isbn=978-1-4438-9780-8 |pages=54–73 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GRdUDgAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA54 |language=en |chapter=3. Storm over Amritsar}}<br /> *{{cite book |last1=Palat |first1=Raghu |last2=Palat |first2=Pushpa |title=The Case That Shook the Empire: One Man's Fight for the Truth about the Jallianwala Bagh Massacre |date=2019 |publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing |location=New Delhi |isbn=978-93-89000-29-0 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zGeqDwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PT3 |language=en}}<br /> <br /> ==Further reading==<br /> *{{cite book |last1=Nair |first1=C. (Chettur) Sankaran |title=Gandhi and Anarchy |date=1922 |publisher=Tagore |location=Madras |url=https://archive.org/details/gandhianarchy00sankuoft/page/54/mode/2up}}<br /> *{{cite book |title=Autobiography of Sir C. Sankaran Nair |date=1966 |publisher=Lady Madhavan Nair |location=Madras |url=https://archive.org/details/autobiographyofs00sirc}}<br /> *{{cite book |last1=O’Dwyer |first1=Michael |title=India as I knew it 1885-1925 |date=1925 |publisher=Constable &amp; Co. |location=London |url=https://archive.org/details/in.gov.ignca.13879/page/n5/mode/2up}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> *{{cite web |title=O'Dwyer v. Nair. (Hansard, 28 July 1924) |url=https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/commons/1924/jul/28/odwyer-v-nair |website=api.parliament.uk |access-date=13 May 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250513121530/https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/commons/1924/jul/28/odwyer-v-nair |archive-date=13 May 2025}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:English defamation case law]]<br /> [[Category:1924 in London]]<br /> [[Category:1923 in India]]<br /> [[Category:Jallianwala Bagh massacre]]</div>

Vinay https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=ICP_Raxaul&diff=503410 2026-04-10T05:00:07Z

<p>Vinay: Adding some details w/ sources</p> <hr /> <div>{{Multiple issues|<br /> {{Cleanup rewrite|date=July 2025}}<br /> {{AI-generated|date=July 2025}}<br /> }}<br /> {{Infobox government agency<br /> | name = ICP Customs Office Raxaul<br /> | native_name = आईसीपी सीमा शुल्क कार्यालय, रक्सौल<br /> | logo = <br /> | logo_size = <br /> | logo_caption = <br /> | seal = <br /> | seal_size = <br /> | seal_caption = <br /> | image = Raxaul ICP.jpg<br /> | image_size = 300px<br /> | image_caption = Customs Office at [[Raxaul]], [[Bihar]]<br /> | formed = 3 June 2016<br /> | jurisdiction = India-Nepal border<br /> | headquarters = [[Raxaul]], [[East Champaran]], [[Bihar]], India<br /> | coordinates = {{coord|26.99078|N|84.85805|E|type:landmark_region:IN|display=inline,title}}<br /> | parent_agency = [[Central Board of Indirect Taxes and Customs]]<br /> | parent_department = [[Ministry of Finance (India)|Ministry of Finance]]<br /> | website = [https://lpai.gov.in/en/icp-raxaul lpai.gov.in]<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Integrated Check Post Raxaul''' ('''ICP Raxaul''') is a land port on the [[India–Nepal border]], located in the town of [[Raxaul]], [[East Champaran district]], [[Bihar]], India. It facilitates cargo and passenger movement with [[Birgunj]], Nepal, and is managed by the [[Land Ports Authority of India]].<br /> <br /> == History ==<br /> The foundation stone for ICP Raxaul was laid in 2010, and the facility became operational on 3 June 2016. It was jointly inaugurated with its counterpart in Birgunj, Nepal, in April 2018 by the Prime Ministers of both countries. The project was developed by the Land Ports Authority of India (LPAI) to streamline cross-border movement and trade.&lt;ref name=&quot;CSEP&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Linking Land Borders: India's Integrated Check Posts |date=21 June 2021 |url=https://csep.org/working-paper/linking-land-borders-indias-integrated-check-posts/ |publisher=Centre for Social and Economic Progress |access-date=5 June 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;PIB&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Integrated Check Posts at International Land Borders |url=https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleaseIframePage.aspx?PRID=1845440 |publisher=Press Information Bureau |date=27 July 2022 |access-date=5 June 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Location ==<br /> ICP Raxaul is located approximately 230&amp;nbsp;km from [[Patna]], the capital of Bihar, and about 5&amp;nbsp;km from [[Raxaul Junction railway station|Raxaul Railway Station]]. It lies adjacent to the town of [[Birgunj]] in Nepal, often referred to as the &quot;Gateway of Nepal&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Raxaul Land Port |url=https://lpai.gov.in/en/icp-raxaul |publisher=Land Ports Authority of India |access-date=5 June 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Trade and economic significance ==<br /> <br /> The Integrated Check Post (ICP) at [[Raxaul]], located on the [[India–Nepal border]] in [[Bihar]], is a key hub for bilateral trade between the two nations. According to official figures, in the fiscal year 2022–2023, India exported goods worth approximately ₹33,882 crore (INR) through the Raxaul Land Port, which accounted for nearly 45% of the total trade between India and Nepal.&lt;ref name=&quot;DDNews2023&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Indian Land Ports drive trade valued at Rs 76,000 crore in 2023 |url=https://ddnews.gov.in/en/indian-land-ports-drive-trade-valued-at-rs-76000-crore-in-2023 |website=DD News |date=23 May 2023 |access-date=6 June 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The ICP is managed by the [[Land Ports Authority of India]] (LPAI), which has been responsible for developing and operating several land ports across India since its establishment in 2012.&lt;ref name=&quot;LPAI&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=ICP Raxaul |url=https://www.lpai.gov.in/en/icp-raxaul |website=Land Ports Authority of India |access-date=6 June 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Infrastructure ==<br /> Spread over an area of 235.33 acres, ICP Raxaul is equipped with modern facilities to handle both cargo and passenger movement. Key infrastructure includes:<br /> * Dedicated cargo terminals with warehousing and inspection facilities<br /> * Customs and immigration offices<br /> * Quarantine and health inspection units<br /> * Electronic weighbridges and scanning equipment<br /> * Separate lanes for inbound and outbound traffic&lt;ref name=&quot;LPAI&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> == Trade significance ==<br /> ICP Raxaul is one of the busiest land ports on the India–Nepal border. In the fiscal year 2016–17, India's exports to Nepal increased by 75% following the operationalization of the ICP. The port handles approximately 45% of the total bilateral trade between the two countries. Major exports from India through this route include petroleum products, iron and steel, pharmaceuticals, motor vehicles, and dairy machinery. Imports from Nepal consist of vegetable oils, processed foods, textiles, cosmetics, and leather goods.&lt;ref name=&quot;CSEP&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> == Passenger movement ==<br /> Despite the open border policy between India and Nepal, formal passenger movement through ICP Raxaul remains minimal. In 2016–17, only 2,321 passengers were recorded crossing through the ICP, averaging less than 10 individuals per day. This low number is attributed to the unrestricted movement allowed to citizens of both countries, with formal crossings primarily used by third-country nationals.&lt;ref name=&quot;CSEP&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> == Connectivity ==<br /> ICP Raxaul is connected to the Sirsiya Inland Container Depot (ICD) in Birgunj, Nepal, via a broad-gauge railway line. This linkage facilitates direct movement of containers from Indian ports, notably Kolkata, to Nepal, enhancing trade efficiency. Additionally, the Motihari-Amlekhganj petroleum pipeline, inaugurated in September 2019, passes through Raxaul, ensuring a steady supply of petroleum products to Nepal.&lt;ref name=&quot;Sirsiya&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Sirsiya |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sirsiya |access-date=5 June 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{Circular reference|date=June 2025}}&lt;ref name=&quot;Pipeline&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Motihari-Amlekhganj pipeline |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motihari-Amlekhganj_pipeline |access-date=5 June 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{Circular reference|date=June 2025}}<br /> <br /> == See also ==<br /> {{Portal|India}}<br /> * [[ICP Birgunj Customs Office]]<br /> * [[India–Nepal border]]<br /> * [[Land Ports Authority of India]]<br /> * [[Dryport Birgunj]]<br /> * [[Motihari-Amlekhganj pipeline]]<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> &lt;references /&gt;<br /> <br /> *{{Official website|http://lpai.gov.in}}<br /> {{Transport in India}}{{Public Sector Undertakings in India}}<br /> <br /> {{authority control}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Land Ports Authority of India}}<br /> [[Category:Border crossings of India]]<br /> [[Category:Borders of India]]<br /> [[Category:Immigration to India]]<br /> [[Category:Ministry of Home Affairs (India)]]</div>

Vinay https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ravi_Krishna_(actor,_born_1983)&diff=529972 2026-03-25T12:16:59Z

<p>Vinay: added a stub</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Indian actor}}<br /> {{About|Ravi Krishna, an Indian actor|the Telugu actor active since 2004|Ravi Krishna (actor, born 1989)}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=January 2021}}<br /> {{Infobox person<br /> | name = Ravi Krishna<br /> | image =<br /> | birth_name = A. M. Ravi Krishna<br /> | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1983|03|02|df=yes}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/topic/Ravi-Krishna | title=Ravi Krishna: Movies, Photos, Videos, News, Biography &amp; Birthday &amp;#124; Times of India | website=[[The Times of India]] }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | birth_place = [[Nellore]], [[Andhra Pradesh]], India<br /> | occupation = Film actor<br /> | yearsactive = 2004–2011; 2025{{Emdash}}present<br /> | spouse = <br /> | father = [[A. M. Rathnam]]<br /> | relatives = [[Jyothi Krishna (director)|Jyothi Krishna]] (brother)<br /> }}<br /> '''Ravi Krishna''' is an Indian actor who works in the [[Tamil cinema|Tamil]] and [[Telugu cinema|Telugu]] films. Son of producer [[A. M. Rathnam]], he made his acting debut in [[Selvaraghavan]]'s critically acclaimed ''[[7G Rainbow Colony]]''.&lt;ref name=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.idlebrain.com/news/functions/filmfareawards2005.html|title=Filmfare Awards South 2005|website=Idlebrain.com|date=23 July 2005|access-date=14 March 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Early life==<br /> After his schooling, Ravi Krishna went to London where he pursued a BA degree in [[Multimedia]].&lt;ref name=&quot;idlebrain1&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.idlebrain.com/celeb/interview/ravikrishna.html |title=Ravi Krishna interview – Telugu Cinema interview – Telugu film actor |publisher=Idlebrain.com |date=3 October 2008 |accessdate=18 October 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; He completed his diploma in Interactive communication at [[Pentamedia]], while also concentrating on his career in multimedia with [[Non-linear editing system|non-linear film editing]] at Sam Media.&lt;ref name=&quot;idlebrain1&quot;/&gt; He disclosed that he never intended to become an actor, but was &quot;roped in&quot; when he visited [[India]] for [[Easter]].&lt;ref name=&quot;hindu2005&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.hindu.com/fr/2005/08/12/stories/2005081200170200.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071127214528/http://www.hindu.com/fr/2005/08/12/stories/2005081200170200.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=27 November 2007 |title=Entertainment Chennai / Interview : Into his third, with hope and zeal |location=India |date=12 August 2005 |work=[[The Hindu]] |accessdate=18 October 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Career==<br /> Ravi Krishna's debut film ''[[7G Rainbow Colony]]'', directed by [[Selvaraghavan]] and produced by his father, fetched him the [[Filmfare Best Male Debut (South)|South Filmfare Award for Best Male Debut]],&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.hindu.com/2005/07/10/stories/2005071001581100.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050805080646/http://www.hindu.com/2005/07/10/stories/2005071001581100.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=5 August 2005 |title=National : &quot;Autograph&quot; bags 3 Filmfare awards |location=India |date=10 July 2005 |work=[[The Hindu]] |accessdate=18 October 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; amongst other minor awards.&lt;ref name=&quot;hindu2005&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.idlebrain.com/news/2000march20/2004retrospect-movielist.html |title=List of Telugu films released in year 2004 |publisher=Idlebrain.com |date=30 December 2004 |accessdate=18 October 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.sify.com/movies/Top-Ten-Telugu-films-of-2004-imagegallery-movies-jdwmDuigaff.html?html=5 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121020194559/http://www.sify.com/movies/Top-Ten-Telugu-films-of-2004-imagegallery-movies-jdwmDuigaff.html?html=5 |url-status=dead |archive-date=20 October 2012 |title=Top Ten Telugu films of 2004 |website=[[Sify]] |accessdate=18 October 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;idlebrain2&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.idlebrain.com/news/2000march20/chitchat-amratnam.html |title=AM Ratnam – A chitchat about 7/G Brindavan Colony – Telugu Cinema |publisher=Idlebrain.com |date=26 December 2004 |accessdate=18 October 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; Before starting to shoot for the film, he took a one-month training in acting at the Film Institute in [[King's College London]].&lt;ref name=&quot;idlebrain2&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.sify.com/movies/transcript-of-the-chat-ravi-krishna-news-tamil-kkfv0Wjebbg.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121021030000/http://www.sify.com/movies/transcript-of-the-chat-ravi-krishna-news-tamil-kkfv0Wjebbg.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=21 October 2012 |title=Transcript of the chat Ravi Krishna |website=[[Sify]] |date=19 August 2005 |accessdate=18 October 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; Following that, he acted in [[S. A. Chandrasekhar]]'s ''[[Sukran]]'', sharing screen space with [[Vijay (actor)|Vijay]], the [[Radha Mohan]]-directed family drama ''[[Ponniyin Selvan (2005 film)|Ponniyin Selvan]]'',&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.sify.com/movies/ponniyin-selvan-review-tamil-13917080.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140309084215/http://www.sify.com/movies/ponniyin-selvan-review-tamil-13917080.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=9 March 2014 |title=Movie Review:Ponniyin Selvan |website=[[Sify]] |accessdate=18 October 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; and the crime thriller ''[[Kedi (2006 film)|Kedi]]'', under his brother [[Jyothi Krishna (director)|Jyothi Krishna]]'s direction. The films, all produced by his father, did not do good business at the box office. His first Telugu venture, ''[[Brahmanandam Drama Company]]'', was also a [[box office bomb]], with Ravi Krishna lamenting that the film failed to succeed due to poor budgeting and publicity.&lt;ref name=&quot;idlebrain1&quot;/&gt; His next release was the bilingual ''[[Netru Indru Naalai (2008 film)|Netru Indru Naalai]]'' / ''[[Ninna Nedu Repu]]'' and in 2009, he starred in ''Kadhalna Summa Illai'', a partial reshoot of the Telugu film ''[[Gamyam]]''.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.behindwoods.com/features/Interviews/interview-5/actor/ravikrishna.html |title=Actor Ravikrishna – Interview – Behindwoods.com – Tamil Movie Actor Interviews – Kaadhalna Summa Illa Aaranya Kandam Netru Indru Naalai |website=Behindwoods.com |date=21 January 2009 |accessdate=18 October 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; He took a long break post the release of ''[[Aaranya Kaandam]] which is'' often quoted as the first [[neo-noir]] film in Tamil cinema. After a near 14-year sabbatical, Ravi Krishna is making a comeback through ''[[7/G Rainbow Colony 2]]'' where he is set to reprise his role from the original.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=2023-04-22 |title=Selvaraghavan to do '7G Rainbow Colony' sequel; Ravi Krishna to make a comeback |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/selvaraghavan-to-do-7g-rainbow-colony-sequel-ravi-krishna-to-make-a-comeback/articleshow/99688632.cms |access-date=2025-02-19 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Filmography==<br /> ===As an actor===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> ! Year !! Title !! Role !! Language !! Notes<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2004<br /> | ''[[7G Brindhavan Colony]]'' || Ravi || [[Telugu language|Telugu]] || [[Santosham Film Awards|Santosham Film Award for Best Debut Actor]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.idlebrain.com/news/functions/santoshamawards2005.html|title=Telugu Cinema function - Santosham Film Awards 2004|access-date=14 December 2021|archive-date=20 March 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130320121508/http://www.idlebrain.com/news/functions/santoshamawards2005.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[7G Rainbow Colony]]''|| Kadhir || rowspan=&quot;5&quot; | [[Tamil language|Tamil]]|| [[Filmfare Award for Best Male Debut – South]]&lt;ref name=&quot;auto&quot; /&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| 2005 || ''[[Sukran]]'' || Ravi Shankar ||<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Ponniyin Selvan (2005 film)|Ponniyin Selvan]]'' || Venu || Partially reshot in Telugu as ''Muddula Koduku''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.idlebrain.com/movie/archive/mr-muddulakoduku.html|title=Movie review - Muddula Koduku|date=1 September 2005|last=jeevi|work=[[Idlebrain.com]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | 2006 || ''[[Kedi (2006 film)|Kedi]]'' || Raghu ||<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |2008<br /> | ''[[Netru Indru Naalai (2008 film)|Netru Indru Naalai]]'' || Vetri <br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Bilingual film<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Ninna Nedu Repu]]''|| Vijay || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | Telugu <br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Brahmanandam Drama Company]]''|| Srinu ||<br /> |-<br /> || 2009 || ''Kadhalna Summa Illai'' || Vettivel || rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | Tamil|| Partially reshot version of ''[[Gamyam]]''<br /> |-<br /> || 2011 || ''[[Aaranya Kaandam]]'' || Sappai ||<br /> |-<br /> |2026<br /> |''[[7/G Rainbow Colony 2]]''<br /> |Kadhir<br /> |<br /> |}<br /> <br /> === Other roles ===<br /> {|class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> ! Year !! Title !! Role !! Language !! Notes !! Ref.<br /> |-<br /> | 2002 || ''[[Run (2002 film)|Run]]'' || Graphic designer || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Tamil language|Tamil]] || Title sequence only || rowspan=&quot;4&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EzfTTtSHmyc%3Fsi%3DnU5JooAXW29ZPAGW|title=7G Brindhavan Colony Movie Hero Ravi Krishna Interview &amp;#124; Telugu Interviews Latest&amp;#124;SumanTV Vijayawada|date=18 September 2023|via=YouTube}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| 2004 || ''[[7G Rainbow Colony]]'' || rowspan=&quot;2&quot;|Graphic designer, costume designer || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Title sketch only<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[7G Brindhavan Colony]]'' || [[Telugu language|Telugu]] <br /> |- <br /> | 2013 || ''[[Arrambam]]'' || Additional script writer || Tamil ||<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist|30em}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> * {{IMDb name|id=1796390}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Krishna, Ravi}}<br /> [[Category:1983 births]]<br /> [[Category:Male actors from Mumbai]]<br /> [[Category:Living people]]<br /> [[Category:21st-century Indian male actors]]<br /> [[Category:Male actors in Telugu cinema]]<br /> [[Category:Indian male film actors]]<br /> [[Category:Male actors in Tamil cinema]]<br /> [[Category:Telugu male actors]]<br /> [[Category:Filmfare Awards South winners]]<br /> [[Category:Santosham Film Awards winners]]</div>

Vinay https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=SPIC_building,_Chennai&diff=531442 2026-03-21T16:32:27Z

<p>Vinay: added new data.</p> <hr /> <div>{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2018}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=October 2018}}<br /> {{Infobox building<br /> | name = SPIC House, Chennai<br /> | native_name = <br /> | native_name_lang = <br /> | former_names = <br /> | alternate_names = <br /> | status = <br /> | image = <br /> | image_alt = <br /> | caption = <br /> | pushpin_map = <br /> | pushpin_map_alt = <br /> | map_caption = <br /> | altitude = <br /> | building_type = Commercial offices<br /> | architectural_style = [[Modernism]]<br /> | structural_system = <br /> | cost = <br /> | ren_cost = <br /> | client = <br /> | owner = Southern Petrochemical Industries Corp Ltd.<br /> | current_tenants = <br /> | landlord = <br /> | location = <br /> | address = 88 [[Anna Salai]], [[Guindy]], [[Chennai]], [[Tamil Nadu]] 600 032<br /> | location_town = [[Chennai]]<br /> | location_country = [[India]]<br /> | coordinates = {{coord |13|0|42|N|80|13|7|E|type:landmark_region:IN-LND|display=inline,title}}<br /> | groundbreaking_date = <br /> | construction_start_date = <br /> | completion_date = <br /> | completed_date = <br /> | opened_date = {{start date and age|1977}}<br /> | inauguration_date = <br /> | renovation_date = 1993<br /> | demolished_date = <br /> | destruction_date = <br /> | height = <br /> | diameter = <br /> | antenna_spire = <br /> | roof = <br /> | top_floor = <br /> | other_dimensions = <br /> | floor_count = 10 (main building)&lt;br /&gt;8 (annexe building)<br /> | floor_area = <br /> | seating_type = <br /> | seating_capacity = <br /> | elevator_count = <br /> | main_contractor = <br /> | architect = <br /> | architecture_firm = East Coast Constructions &amp; Industries Ltd.<br /> | structural_engineer = <br /> | services_engineer = <br /> | civil_engineer = <br /> | other_designers = <br /> | quantity_surveyor = <br /> | awards = <br /> | designations = <br /> | ren_architect = <br /> | ren_firm = <br /> | ren_str_engineer = <br /> | ren_serv_engineer = <br /> | ren_civ_engineer = <br /> | ren_oth_designers = <br /> | ren_qty_surveyor = <br /> | ren_awards = <br /> | website = {{url|https://spic.in/}}<br /> | embedded = <br /> | references = <br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''SPIC building''', [[Chennai]], is one of the oldest skyscrapers of the city. Earlier, it was popularly known as &quot;twin towers of Chennai.&quot; The main building has 10 floors and Annexe building has 8 floors. It houses the headquarters of Southern Petrochemical Industries Corp. Ltd., a joint venture between the [[MA Chidambaram]] Group and the Tamil Nadu Industrial Development Corp. Ltd ([[TIDCO]]). It is one of the Asia's largest fertilizer factories located in southern part of India. The building is built facing [[Guindy]] railway station, on [[Anna Salai]].<br /> <br /> The SPIC administrative building was built in 1977 and Annexe building in the year 1993. However, one of the two buildings still stand, the other being sold and partly demolished, underscoring the declining fortunes of the company.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web<br /> | last =Ramesh<br /> | first = Niranjana<br /> | title = With focus on fertilizers, can Muthiah revive SPIC's fortunes?<br /> | work =<br /> | publisher =livemint.com<br /> | date = 26 April 2011<br /> | url = http://www.livemint.com/2011/04/26221412/With-focus-on-fertilizers-can.html?d=1<br /> | accessdate = 31 July 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Consulates==<br /> The building houses honorary consulates of [[Belgium]] and the [[Philippines]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Belgium&quot;&gt;<br /> {{cite web<br /> | title = Addresses of Belgian Embassies and Consulates abroad<br /> | work =<br /> | publisher = Kingdom of Belgium, Foreign Affairs, Foreign Trade and Development Cooperation<br /> | url = http://diplomatie.belgium.be/en/services/embassies_and_consulates/belgian_embassies_and_consulates_abroad/<br /> | accessdate = 23 Feb 2012}}<br /> &lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Philippines&quot;&gt;<br /> {{cite web<br /> | title = PHL Embassies and Consulates General<br /> | work = <br /> | publisher = Republic of the Philippines, Department of Foreign Affairs<br /> | url = http://dfa.gov.ph/main/index.php/about-the-dfa/rp-embassies-consulates-a-rcos/phl-embassies-and-consulates-general<br /> | accessdate = 24 Feb 2012}}<br /> &lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Energy conservation==<br /> The building receives 11&amp;nbsp;kV power from [[Tamil Nadu Electricity Board]]. The contracted demand is 1,300&amp;nbsp;kVA. The 11&amp;nbsp;kV supply is converted to 440&amp;nbsp;volts through two 1&amp;nbsp;mVA transformers. The average energy consumption is 9,000&amp;nbsp;(kWhr) units per day. Of the 9,000 units, two-thirds of the consumption is consumed by air-conditioning system. Both the main and the annexe buildings are fully air-conditioned. However, in the main building, which is more than 20 years old, energy conservation efforts are not initiated.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web<br /> | last = Veluswamy<br /> | first = V. A.<br /> | title = Energy conservation in SPIC HOUSE<br /> | work =<br /> | url = http://www.emt-india.net/Documents/CS28Aug09/Petrochemical%20-%20SPIC.pdf<br /> | accessdate = 8 Aug 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> {{Portal|India}}<br /> * [[List of tallest buildings in Chennai]]<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{Chennai Topics}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Office highrises in Chennai]]<br /> [[Category:Office buildings completed in 1977]]</div>

Vinay https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Siege_of_Tanjore_(1673)&diff=535766 2026-03-20T15:48:10Z

<p>Vinay: done</p> <hr /> <div>{{Infobox military conflict<br /> | conflict = Siege of Tanjore <br /> | partof = Madurai- Tanjore Conflicts<br /> | image = <br /> | image_size = <br /> | date = 1673<br /> | place = [[Thanjavur]], [[India]]<br /> | result = Madurai Nayakas victory<br /> | territory = [[Thanjavur]] annexed into madurai kingdom<br /> | combatant1 = [[Madurai Nayakas]]<br /> | combatant2 = [[Thanjavur Nayaks]]<br /> | commander1 = [[Venkata Krishna Nayaka]]&lt;br&gt;[[Chinna Thambi Mudaliar]]&lt;br&gt;Chinna Kattiri Nayaka<br /> | commander2 = [[Vijaya Raghava Nayak]]{{KIA}}&lt;br&gt;Venkatadri Nayaka&lt;br&gt;Mannaru Das{{KIA}}<br /> | strength1 = Unknown<br /> | strength2 = 20,000<br /> | casualties1 = <br /> | casualties2 = <br /> | caption = <br /> }}<br /> <br /> The '''siege of Thanjavur''' was a conflict between the Madurai army led by Venkata Krishna Nayak, and the Thanjavur army under King [[Vijaya Raghava Nayak]]. After a canon bombardment and relentless assault on the Tanjore fort, the Madurai forces broke through the defenses. Vijaya Raghava Nayak died fighting valiantly on the battlefield. The capture of Thanjavur marked the end of the [[Thanjavur Nayak kingdom]], with Madurai emerging victorious and the kingdom falling under the control of [[Chokkanatha Nayak]].&lt;ref name=&quot;gps&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;ups&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;ops&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;tps&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Background==<br /> In 1673, [[Chokkanatha Nayak]] Sent a marriage proposal to Tanjore king [[Vijaya Raghava Nayak]] to marry his daughter to him which was met with rejection. When Chokkanatha's envoys arrived with gifts and a formal request, they were met with harsh insults and humiliation from Vijaya Raghava, who not only dismissed the messengers but also condemned Madurai's monarch in a fit of rage. Stung by the insult and determined to restore his honor, Chokkanatha swiftly decided on military action, instructing his general, Venkata Krishna Nayaka, and the treasurer, Chinna Tambi Mudali, to prepare for war.&lt;ref name=&quot;gps&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |last=Burgess |first=james |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.501820/page/n62/mode/1up?view=theater |title=The Indian Antiquary, vol. 46, 1917 |date=1917 |pages=58–62|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;ups&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |last=Krishnaswami Aiyangar |first=Sakkottai |url=https://archive.org/details/sourcesofvijayan00krisrich/page/324/mode/1up?view=theater |title=Sources of Vijayanagar history |date=1919 |pages=324–325|publisher=[Madras] : The University of Madras |others=University of California Libraries}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;tps&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |last=R. Sathyanatha Aiyar |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.183822/page/n177/mode/1up?view=theater |title=History Of The Nayaks Of Madura |date=1924|pages=164–165}}&lt;/ref&gt; Venkata Krishna Nayaka, wasted no time in mobilizing the Madurai army. Within days, the [[Madurai]] army marched deep into the Tanjore kingdom, where the two armies first fought a battle at [[Vallam]]. The battle was marked by such intense bloodshed that it was said that the blood flowed through the irrigation channels like water. the Madurai forces, under Venkata Krishna Nayaka's leadership, emerged victorious. He advanced further to seize the capital [[Tanjore]].&lt;ref name=&quot;gps&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;ups&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;tps&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Siege==<br /> <br /> ===Assault on the fort===<br /> Venkata Krishna Naik, determined to press his advantage, pursued the retreating Tanjore army and positioned his army at the outskirts of the city, ready for the final confrontation. From his camp, he sent a last offer to King [[Vijaya Raghava Nayak]], extending the possibility of peace if the Tanjore king would agree to the original marriage proposal. However Vijaya Raghava rejected the offer Undeterred by the king's refusal Venkata Krishna Naik gave the order for an immediate and full-scale assault on the [[Tanjore]] fort.&lt;ref name=&quot;gps&quot;/&gt; The fort was a formidable fortress, heavily guarded by a large contingent of 20,000 musketeers but the besieging Madurai army were undaunted. They swiftly constructed raised earthworks to mount their cannons, which were then used to launch an unrelenting bombardment on the fort's walls. The barrage of cannonballs tore through the fortifications, causing severe damage and weakening the defenders. As the walls crumbled and the Tanjore soldiers began to waver, many fled the battlefield, defecting to the army of [[Madurai]]. Seizing the moment, Venkata Krishna's forces demolished the fort gates and filled the surrounding ditches with fascines, making it easier for his troops to storm the fort. Some of the soldiers scaled the breaches created by the cannon fire, while others charged through the gates. Within hours, the [[Madurai]] forces had overrun the fort, pouring into the city with overwhelming numbers. King Vijaya Raghava, remained deeply engrossed in his religious duties. lost in meditation and prayer to his deity [[Krishna]], he was unaware that the enemy had already entered his city.&lt;ref name=&quot;gps&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Death of Vijaya Raghava Nayak===<br /> After the fall of his city and the losses suffered by his forces, King [[Vijaya Raghava Nayak]] of Tanjore refused to surrender to the advancing Madurai army. In a final attempt to avoid further bloodshed, the Madurai general offered peace terms to the [[Tanjore]] king but Vijaya Raghava, rejected the offer outright. he led his forces into battle, marching at their head to fight to the bitter end. His son, Mannarudas, who had been confined for his safety, was released and entrusted with a responsibility to safeguard the Zenana quarters, the women's chambers of the palace.&lt;ref name=&quot;ups&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;ops&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |last=Vruddhagrirsan |url=https://archive.org/details/dli.csl.7419/page/n172/mode/1up?view=theater |title=The Nayaks of Tanjore |last2=V. |date=1942|pages=152–153 |publisher=Published by University, Annamalaunagar}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;tps&quot;/&gt; In the event of defeat, Mannarudas, along with his trusted ally Akkiraju, was given the task of destroying the Zenana to prevent the royal women from falling into enemy hands. As the battle raged on and the [[Tanjore]] army were driven to the brink of collapse, Vijaya Raghava, realizing that defeat was imminent, gave the signal for the destruction of the Zenana. the mines were set fire and all of them were perished. Soon after, both father and son rushed into the battle, fighting valiantly both were slain in the battle.&lt;ref name=&quot;ups&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;ops&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;tps&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Aftermath==<br /> Following his victory at Tanjore, Venkata Krishna Nayaka, the Dalavay of Madurai, returned triumphantly to [[Trichinopoly]] leaving a garrison behind to secure the newly conquered territory. With the fall of their king, Tanjore was fully subdued, and [[Chokkanatha Nayak]], the ruler of Madurai, claimed the kingdom as his own. He appointed his foster-brother, [[Alagiri Nayak]], as the Viceroy to govern Tanjore, consolidating Madurai's control over the region. This marked the end of the [[Thanjavur Nayaks]].&lt;ref name=&quot;ups&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;ops&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;tps&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> * [[Vijaya Raghava Nayak]]<br /> * [[Chokkanatha Nayak]]<br /> * [[Thanjavur Nayaks]]<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{coord missing|India}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Siege of Tanjore (1673)}}<br /> [[Category:Battles involving the Indian kingdoms]]<br /> [[Category:Battles involving Madurai Nayakas]]<br /> [[Category:Conflicts in 1673]]<br /> [[Category:Battles involving Thanjavur Nayaks]]</div>

Vinay https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Brigida_Saga&diff=492361 2026-03-14T12:14:36Z

<p>Vinay: </p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Indian actress}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=April 2025}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=April 2025}}<br /> {{Infobox person<br /> | name = Brigida Saga<br /> | image = Brigida Saga.jpg<br /> | birth_name = Sagaya Brigida<br /> | caption = Brigida in 2025<br /> | birth_place = Chennai<br /> | othername = Pavi Teacher<br /> | birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|2000|01|14}}<br /> | yearsactive = 2019–present<br /> | occupation = Actress<br /> | parents = <br /> | spouse = <br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Brigida Saga''' (born 14 January 2000) is an Indian actress, predominantly appearing in [[Tamil cinema|Tamil]] films. She is known for her role in films such as [[Velan (film)|''Velan'']] (2021), ''[[Iravin Nizhal]]'' (2022), and ''[[Garudan (2024 film)|Garudan]]'' (2024).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/youtube-sensation-and-master-actress-brigida-saga-turns-heroine/articleshow/88200277.cms|title=YouTube sensation and 'Master' actress Brigida Saga turns heroine|date=10 December 2021|work=[[The Times of India]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Career==<br /> Saga is known for her role as Pavi Teacher in the [[Streaming television|streaming]] series ''Aaha Kalyanam''. She also acted in the films [[Ayogya (2019 film)|''Ayogya'']], [[Master (2021 film)|''Master'']], [[Velan (film)|''Velan'']], ''[[Iravin Nizhal]]''.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=నగ్నంగా ఎందుకు నటించానంటే ! : Brigida Saga |url=https://www.andhrajyothy.com/telugunews/brigida-saga-acted-in-for-iravin-nizhal-tamil-movie-krkk-mrgs-chitrajyothy-1822071702484470 |access-date=17 July 2022 |work=[[Andhra Jyothi]] | language=te |date=17 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220717194004/https://www.andhrajyothy.com/telugunews/brigida-saga-acted-in-iravin-nizhal-tamil-movie-krkk-mrgs-chitrajyothy-1822071702484470 |archive-date=17 July 2022 }}&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> <br /> Saga played the lead role in the Telugu film ''[[Sindhooram (2023 film)|Sindhooram]]'' (2023), for which she received a positive review.&lt;ref name=&quot;TOI&quot;&gt;{{Cite news |date=10 Dec 2021 |title=YouTube sensation and 'Master' actress Brigida Saga turns heroine |work=[[The Times of India]] |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/youtube-sensation-and-master-actress-brigida-saga-turns-heroine/articleshow/88200277.cms |access-date=25 June 2022 |archive-date=25 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220625021422/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/youtube-sensation-and-master-actress-brigida-saga-turns-heroine/articleshow/88200277.cms |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movie-reviews/sindhooram/movie-review/97343690.cms|title=Sindhooram Movie Review : A thought-provoking drama on contrasting ideologies|last=Nicodemus|first=Paul|date=26 January 2023|work=[[The Times of India]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Filmography ==<br /> *''Note: all films are in Tamil, unless otherwise noted.''<br /> {{Pending films key}}<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Year<br /> ! Film<br /> ! Role<br /> ! Notes<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; class=&quot;unsortable&quot; | {{refh}}<br /> |-<br /> | 2019 || [[Ayogya (2019 film)|''Ayogya'']] || Kader's daughter <br /> | ||<br /> |-<br /> | 2020 || ''[[Varmaa]]'' || Anu <br /> | Uncredited || &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.zoomtventertainment.com/tamil-cinema/article/all-you-need-to-know-about-brigida-saga-aka-pavi-teacher-who-stars-in-thalapathy-vijays-master/695790|title=All you need to know about Brigida Saga aka Pavi Teacher who stars in Thalapathy Vijay's Master|work=[[Zoom (Indian TV channel)|Zoom]]|date=17 December 2020|access-date=26 June 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot;|2021 || [[Master (2021 film)|''Master'']] || JD's student <br /> | ||&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=29 October 2019|title=Web series Aaha Kalyanam-actor Brigida to make her film debut with Thalapathy 64?|url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/stories/news/2019/oct/29/web-series-actor-brigida-to-make-her-film-debut-with-thalapathy-64-15183.html |work=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=25 June 2022 |archive-date=|archive-url= }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | [[Velan (film)|''Velan'']] || Pavithra <br /> | ||&lt;ref name=&quot;BehindWoods&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2021-05-21 |title=Pavi Teacher Brigida look from Mugen's movie Velan released - See here |url=https://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movies-cinema-news-16/pavi-teacher-brigida-look-from-mugens-movie-velan-released-see-here.html |website=Behindwoods |access-date=2022-06-25 |archive-date=2022-06-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220625021840/https://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movies-cinema-news-16/pavi-teacher-brigida-look-from-mugens-movie-velan-released-see-here.html |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/youtube-fame-brigida-saga-in-mugen-raos-velan/articleshow/82829694.cms|title=YouTube fame Brigida Saga in Mugen Rao's Velan|work=[[The Times of India]]|date=21 May 2021|access-date=19 June 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | 2022 || ''[[Iravin Nizhal]]'' || Chilakamma <br /> | ||&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=2022-06-06 |title=Rajinikanth lauds AR Rahman, during the launch of 'Iravin Nizhal' |work=[[The Times of India]] |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/rajinikanth-lauds-ar-rahman-during-the-launch-of-iravin-nizhal/articleshow/92032069.cms |access-date=2022-06-25 |archive-date=2022-06-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220625021840/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/rajinikanth-lauds-ar-rahman-during-the-launch-of-iravin-nizhal/articleshow/92032069.cms |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2022-06-27 |title=Parthiban's Iravin Nizhal gets a new release date; Dhanush shares new poster |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2022/jun/27/parthibans-iravin-nizhal-gets-a-new-release-date-dhanush-shares-new-poster-32363.html |website=[[Cinema Express]] |access-date=2022-06-27 |archive-date=2022-06-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220627204844/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2022/jun/27/parthibans-iravin-nizhal-gets-a-new-release-date-dhanush-shares-new-poster-32363.html |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot;|2023 || ''[[Sindhooram (2023 film)|Sindhooram]]'' || Sirisha Reddy <br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Telugu language|Telugu]] film || &lt;ref name=&quot;TOI&quot; /&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Peddha Kapu 1]]'' || Lakshmi ||<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot;|2024<br /> |''[[Garudan (2024 film)|Garudan]]''<br /> |Parveen<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Kozhipannai Chelladurai]]''<br /> |Senthamaraiselvi &quot;Thamarai&quot;<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot;|2025<br /> |''[[Maargan]]''<br /> | Inspector Sruthi Selvaraj<br /> |<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2025-05-14 |title=Vijay Antony-starrer Maargan to hit the screens on June 27 |url=https://www.dtnext.in/entertainment/cinema/vijay-antony-starrer-maargan-to-hit-the-screens-on-june-27-833648 |access-date=2025-06-12 |website=www.dtnext.in |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Idli Kadai]]''<br /> |Young Kasturi<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |2026<br /> |[[Hot Spot 2 Much|''Hot Spot 2 Much'']]<br /> |Madhumitha<br /> | [[Anthology film]] &lt;br /&gt; Segment - ''The Narration''<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2025-12-16 |title=The star cast of Vignesh Karthick's Hot Spot 2 Much unveiled |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/2025/Dec/16/tamilnews2025dec15the-star-cast-of-vignesh-karthicks-hot-spot-2-much-unveiled |access-date=2026-01-19 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Television series===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Year<br /> ! Title<br /> ! Role<br /> ! Channel<br /> |-<br /> | 2019 || ''Aaha Kalyanam'' || Pavi Teacher || [[Blacksheep TV]] <br /> |}<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> *{{IMDb name|id=10754266}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Living people]]<br /> [[Category:2000 births]]<br /> [[Category:Actresses in Tamil cinema]]<br /> [[Category:Actresses in Telugu cinema]]<br /> [[Category:Indian film actresses]]<br /> [[Category:Actresses from Chennai]]<br /> [[Category:21st-century Indian actresses]]<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Saga, Brigida}}<br /> <br /> {{India-film-actor-2000s-stub}}</div>

Vinay https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mathurapur_Buzurg&diff=516825 2026-03-06T18:40:10Z

<p>Vinay: Starting Article!</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Village in Muzaffarpur, Bihar, India}}<br /> {{Infobox settlement<br /> | name = Mathurapur Buzurg<br /> | settlement_type = Village<br /> | pushpin_map = India Bihar#India<br /> | pushpin_label_position = right<br /> | pushpin_map_caption = Location in Bihar, India<br /> | coordinates = {{coord|26.2736380|N|85.5883154|E|display=inline,title}}<br /> | subdivision_type = Country<br /> | subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}<br /> | subdivision_type1 = State<br /> | subdivision_name1 = [[Bihar]]<br /> | subdivision_type2 = District<br /> | subdivision_name2 = [[Muzaffarpur district|Muzaffarpur]]<br /> | subdivision_type3 = Block<br /> | subdivision_name3 = [[Aurai block|Aurai]]<br /> | government_type = Gram Panchayat<br /> | governing_body = Mathurapur Buzurg Gram Panchayat<br /> | area_total_ha = 219<br /> | population_total = 1,958<br /> | population_as_of = 2011<br /> | population_density_km2 = auto<br /> | demographics_type1 = Languages<br /> | demographics1_title1 = Official<br /> | demographics1_info1 = Hindi, Urdu<br /> | timezone1 = IST<br /> | utc_offset1 = +5:30<br /> | postal_code_type = PIN<br /> | postal_code = 843321<br /> | registration_plate = BR-06<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Mathurapur Buzurg''' is a village located in the [[Aurai block]], [[Muzaffarpur district]], in the Indian state of [[Bihar]]. It comes under Mathurapur Buzurg Gram Panchayat and is part of the [[Tirhut division]].&lt;ref name=&quot;census2011&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Mathurapur Buzurg Village Population - Aurai, Muzaffarpur, Bihar |url=https://www.census2011.co.in/data/village/229092-mathurapur-buzurg-bihar.html |website=Census 2011 |publisher=Registrar General &amp; Census Commissioner, India |access-date=17 August 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Geography ==<br /> Mathurapur Buzurg has a total geographical area of 219 hectares (2.19 km²).&lt;ref name=&quot;census2011&quot; /&gt; <br /> It is situated in Aurai block of Muzaffarpur district and lies approximately 52–60 km away from Muzaffarpur town, which is the nearest major urban and economic centre.&lt;ref name=&quot;geoiq&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Mathurapur Buzurg Location and Connectivity |url=https://geoiq.io/places/Mathurapur-Buzurg/bqRWe91i2H |website=GeoIQ |access-date=17 August 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Demographics ==<br /> According to the 2011 Census of India, Mathurapur Buzurg had a population of 1,958 persons living in 445 households.&lt;ref name=&quot;census2011&quot; /&gt; <br /> Of this, 1,046 were males and 912 were females. The population of children aged 0–6 years was 330 (175 boys and 155 girls), which represents 16.85% of the total population.&lt;ref name=&quot;census2011&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> The average sex ratio was 872 females per 1000 males, and the child sex ratio stood at 886 girls per 1000 boys. Both figures are lower than the Bihar state averages of 918 and 935 respectively.&lt;ref name=&quot;census2011&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> === Literacy ===<br /> The overall literacy rate of the village was 53.32%.&lt;ref name=&quot;census2011&quot; /&gt; <br /> * Male literacy: 60.51% <br /> * Female literacy: 45.05% <br /> <br /> === Caste composition ===<br /> Scheduled Castes constituted 28.91% of the population (566 persons), while Scheduled Tribes accounted for just one individual.&lt;ref name=&quot;census2011&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> === Work profile ===<br /> Out of the total population, 688 persons were engaged in work activities.&lt;ref name=&quot;census2011&quot; /&gt; <br /> * 490 were main workers (employment more than 6 months). <br /> * 198 were marginal workers (employment less than 6 months). <br /> <br /> Among main workers: <br /> * 120 were cultivators (owner or co-owner) <br /> * 346 were agricultural labourers <br /> <br /> == Infrastructure ==<br /> * '''Education''' – The village has at least one primary school.&lt;ref name=&quot;mapsofindia&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Mathurapur Buzurg Village, Aurai Block, Muzaffarpur |url=https://www.mapsofindia.com/villages/bihar/muzaffarpur/aurai/mathurapur-buzurg.html |website=Maps of India |access-date=17 August 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt; Secondary and higher education facilities are available in Aurai and Muzaffarpur. <br /> * '''Healthcare''' – The nearest Primary Health Centre (PHC) is located in Aurai. <br /> * '''Water supply''' – Drinking water is provided mainly through hand pumps and tube wells.&lt;ref name=&quot;census2011&quot; /&gt; <br /> * '''Electricity''' – Electricity is available for domestic and agricultural purposes, although supply may not be continuous.&lt;ref name=&quot;census2011&quot; /&gt; <br /> * '''Postal services''' – The village falls under the postal PIN code 843321, served by the Basua Branch Office.&lt;ref name=&quot;pincode&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Mathurapur Buzurg PIN Code (Basua BO), Muzaffarpur, Bihar |url=https://www.icbse.com/pincodes/mathurapur-buzurg-office-21546 |website=ICBSE |access-date=17 August 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> <br /> == Transport ==<br /> Mathurapur Buzurg is connected by rural roads to nearby villages and to Aurai block headquarters.&lt;ref name=&quot;geoiq&quot; /&gt; <br /> Muzaffarpur Junction is the nearest major railhead. Bus and shared auto services connect the village to Muzaffarpur and surrounding areas.&lt;ref name=&quot;geoiq&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> == Administration ==<br /> The village is governed by a Gram Panchayat under the Panchayati Raj system. Administratively, it comes under Aurai block and Muzaffarpur subdivision.&lt;ref name=&quot;census2011&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> == See also ==<br /> * [[Villages in Bihar]]<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> &lt;references /&gt;<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Mathurapur Buzurg}}<br /> [[Category:Villages in Aurai block]]</div>

Vinay https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Toofan_(2012_film)&diff=541678 2026-03-04T04:40:36Z

<p>Vinay: done</p> <hr /> <div>{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2024}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=February 2024}}<br /> {{Infobox film<br /> | name = Toofan<br /> | image = Toofan (2012 film).jpg<br /> | alt = <br /> | caption = Poster<br /> | native_name = &lt;!-- {{Infobox name module|language|title}} or {{Infobox name module|title}} --&gt;<br /> | director = Smile Seenu<br /> | writer = Smile Seenu<br /> | screenplay = <br /> | story = <br /> | based_on = &lt;!-- {{Based on|title of the original work|creator of the original work|additional creator(s), if necessary}} --&gt;<br /> | producer = H. Jade Gowda<br /> | starring = {{plainlist|*Yashas <br /> *Nakshatra <br /> *Chandan <br /> }}<br /> | narrator = <br /> | cinematography = Ravi Suvarna<br /> | editing = <br /> | music = Elvin Josuha <br /> | studio = H J Gowda Production<br /> | distributor = &lt;!-- or: | distributors = --&gt;<br /> | released = {{Film date|df=yes|2012|4|20}} <br /> | runtime = <br /> | country = India<br /> | language = Kannada<br /> | budget = <br /> | gross = <br /> }}<br /> '''''Toofan''''' is a 2012 Indian [[Kannada]]-language romantic drama film directed by Smile Seenu and starring Yashas, Nakshatra and Chandan.<br /> <br /> == Cast ==<br /> {{Cast listing|<br /> *Yashas as Surya<br /> *Nakshatra as Raji<br /> *Chandan as Akash<br /> *[[Ramesh Bhat]]<br /> *[[Shivaram]]<br /> *Vidya Murthy<br /> *Suresh Mangalore<br /> *[[Devadas Kapikad]]<br /> *[[Pramila Joshai]]<br /> *[[Chitra Shenoy]]<br /> *[[Sadhu Kokila]]<br /> }}<br /> <br /> == Soundtrack ==<br /> The soundtrack of the film was composed by Elvin Josuha.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Toofan Songs: Toofan MP3 Kannada Songs by Ellwyn Joshua Online Free on Gaana.com |url=https://gaana.com/album/toofan-kannada |website=[[Gaana (music streaming service)|Gaana]] |access-date=18 November 2023 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> {{Infobox album<br /> | name = Toofan<br /> | type = Soundtrack<br /> | artist = Elvin Josuha<br /> | cover =<br /> | alt =<br /> | released = 2012<br /> | recorded = 2012<br /> | venue =<br /> | studio =<br /> | genre = [[Feature film soundtrack]]<br /> | length = 26:21<br /> | language = Kannada <br /> | label = Anand Audio <br /> | producer = <br /> | chronology = <br /> | prev_title = <br /> | prev_year = <br /> | next_title = <br /> | next_year = <br /> | misc = {{external media<br /> | audio1 = {{YouTube|wIviXrYvbwQ|Toofan – Jukebox}}}}<br /> }}<br /> {{track listing<br /> | headline = Track listing<br /> | extra_column = Singer(s)<br /> | title1 = Raagadante<br /> | length1 = 4:42<br /> | lyrics1 = [[K. Kalyan]]<br /> | extra1 = [[Karthik (singer)|Karthik]]<br /> | title2 = Ellinda Banthu<br /> | length2 = 4:22<br /> | lyrics2 = [[Jayanth Kaikini|Jayanth Kaykini]]<br /> | extra2 = [[Kunal Ganjawala]], [[Sunitha Sarathy]]<br /> | title3 = Hoo Manave<br /> | length3 = 4:58<br /> | lyrics3 = [[V. Nagendra Prasad]]<br /> | extra3 = [[Vijay Prakash]]<br /> | title4 = Shiva Hudgire Hinga<br /> | length4 = 3:03<br /> | lyrics4 = [[Kaviraj (lyricist)|Kaviraj]]<br /> | extra4 = [[Tippu (singer)|Tippu]], [[Anuradha Sriram]]<br /> | title5 = Thayige Magana<br /> | length5 = 3:51<br /> | lyrics5 = V. Nagendra Prasad<br /> | extra5 = [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]], [[Archana Udupa]]<br /> | title6 = E Baalina Geleya<br /> | length6 = 1:51<br /> | lyrics6 = Smile Seenu<br /> | extra6 = [[Anuradha Bhat]], Deepak Doddera<br /> | title7 = Ninna Hane Baarha<br /> | length7 = 2:13<br /> | lyrics7 = Smile Seenu<br /> | extra7 = Ajay Warrier, Anuradha Bhat<br /> | title8 = Nan Usire<br /> | length8 = 1:21<br /> | lyrics8 = Smile Seenu<br /> | extra8 = Deepak Doddera<br /> | total_length = 26:21<br /> }}<br /> <br /> == Reception ==<br /> A critic from ''[[The New Indian Express]]'' wrote that &quot;Overall, the film fails to impress the audiences&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/review/2012/apr/24/toofan-361708.html|title=Toofan|work=[[The New Indian Express]]|date=24 April 2012|access-date=18 November 2023|archive-date=13 November 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231113231151/https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/review/2012/apr/24/toofan-361708.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; A critic from ''[[The Times of India]]'' wrote that &quot;Director Smile Seenu could have done a better job of the story by giving it a new-age angle that would have attracted Gen Y. The director fails in narrating a good story. Sudden change in sequences, and not-so-impressive editing and cinematography have further weakened the work&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movie-reviews/toofan/movie-review/12750663.cms|title=TOOFAN MOVIE REVIEW|date=10 May 2016|work=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=18 November 2023|archive-date=14 November 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231114005456/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movie-reviews/toofan/movie-review/12750663.cms|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; A critic from ''[[Indo-Asian News Service|IANS]]'' wrote that &quot;''Toofan'' is a mediocre film made with little homework and seriousness. You can watch it only if you have no alternative&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiaforums.com/article/toofan-nothing-extraordinary-about-it-kannada-movie-review_33173|title='Toofan' - nothing extraordinary about it|work=[[Indo-Asian News Service|IANS]]|via=India Forums|date=21 April 2012|access-date=18 November 2023|archive-date=13 November 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231113231140/https://www.indiaforums.com/article/toofan-nothing-extraordinary-about-it-kannada-movie-review_33173|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; A critic from ''[[Bangalore Mirror]]'' wrote that &quot;In some parts of the movie, there are some unimaginative scenes. What is lacking are good dialogue delivery and strong performances. It would not take a genius to guess the story as the film progresses&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/reviews/toofanjust-blew-it/articleshow/21394468.cms|title=Toofan:Just blew it|work=[[Bangalore Mirror]]|date=20 April 2012|first=Atul|last=Chaturvedi|access-date=18 November 2023|archive-date=14 November 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231114162146/https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/reviews/toofanjust-blew-it/articleshow/21394468.cms|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> == External links ==<br /> *{{IMDb title|13979506}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Indian romantic drama films]]<br /> [[Category:2012 Indian films]]<br /> [[Category:2012 Kannada-language films]]</div>

Vinay https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Na_Ninna_Preetisuve&diff=445878 2026-03-03T22:16:08Z

<p>Vinay: cleanup</p> <hr /> <div>{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2025}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}<br /> {{Infobox film<br /> | name = Naa Ninna Preethisuve<br /> | image =<br /> | caption =<br /> | director = Somu-Shankar<br /> | producer = Manjula Shankar<br /> | writer = Somu<br /> | screenplay = Somu<br /> | starring = [[Arjun Sarja]]&lt;br&gt;[[Ravichandran (Kannada actor)|V. Ravichandran]]&lt;br&gt;[[Bhavya]]&lt;br&gt;[[M. P. Shankar]]<br /> | music = [[Shankar–Ganesh]]<br /> | cinematography = D. V. Rajaram<br /> | editing = Victor Yadav<br /> | studio = Mithralaya<br /> | distributor =<br /> | released = {{Film date|1986|01|31|df=y}}<br /> | country = India<br /> | language = [[Kannada language|Kannada]]<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''''Naa Ninna Preethisuve''''' ({{Translation|I will love you}}) is a 1986 [[Cinema of India|Indian]] [[Kannada language|Kannada]] film, directed by Somu-Shankar and produced by Manjula Shankar. The film stars [[Arjun Sarja]], [[Ravichandran (Kannada actor)|V. Ravichandran]] and [[Bhavya]] in lead roles. The film has musical score by [[Shankar–Ganesh]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.in.com/tv/movies/udaya-movies-140/naa-ninna-preetisuve-12747.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141223052120/http://www.in.com/tv/movies/udaya-movies-140/naa-ninna-preetisuve-12747.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=2014-12-23|title=Naa Ninna Preethisuve|accessdate=2014-12-22|work=[[in.com]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; The movie was dubbed in Telugu as ''Manchi Mithrulu'' and in Tamil as ''Thanthai Mel Aanai''.&lt;ref&gt;https://m.youtube.com/watch?si=8eGcwXVPVqKt1rt3&amp;v=brq9hScEdLE&amp;feature=youtu.be&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=vAvvyJL45JE&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Cast==<br /> {{cast listing|<br /> * [[Arjun Sarja]] as Pruthvi<br /> * [[Ravichandran (Kannada actor)|V. Ravichandran]] as Vijay<br /> * [[Bhavya]] as Hema<br /> * [[M. P. Shankar]] as Lakshmipathi<br /> * [[C. R. Simha]] as Jagadish<br /> * [[Ramesh Bhat]] as Mallesh<br /> * [[Uma Shivakumar]]<br /> * [[Sathyabhama (actress)|Sathyabhama]]<br /> * K. Vijaya<br /> * M. S. Karanth<br /> * Suresh<br /> * Ashok<br /> * Sarvamangala<br /> * Lalithamma<br /> * V. Ramachandru<br /> * Chenna<br /> * Shankar<br /> * [[Honnavalli Krishna]]<br /> * Meese Krishna<br /> * Ravi<br /> * Hubli Gowda<br /> * Prakash<br /> * C. Anand<br /> * Chikkanna<br /> * Munirangappa<br /> * Master Chethan<br /> * Baby Gayithri<br /> * [[Shankar Nag]] in a special appearance&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://vijaykarnataka.com/tv/news/ravichandran-says-if-shankar-nag-were-alive-he-would-have-become-chief-minister-today/articleshow/120342957.cms|title='ಶಂಕರ್ ನಾಗ್ ಇವತ್ತು ಬದುಕಿದ್ರೆ ಸಿಎಂ ಆಗ್ತಿದ್ರು...'; ಆಟೋ ರಾಜನ ಕನಸುಗಳ ಬಗ್ಗೆ ರವಿಚಂದ್ರನ್ ಹೇಳಿದ್ದೇನು?|trans-title=If Shankar Nag were alive today, he would have become CM...'; What did Ravichandran say about the ''Auto Raja''&lt;nowiki&gt;'&lt;/nowiki&gt;s dreams?|first=ಅವಿನಾಶ್ ಜಿ.|last= ರಾಮ್|language=kn|access-date=14 October 2025|date=16 April 2025|work=[[Vijaya Karnataka]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * [[Srinath (Kannada actor)|Srinath]] in a special appearance<br /> }}<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> * {{IMDb title|1325601}}<br /> * {{YouTube|id=C6uUuuoeRUg|title=Naa Ninna Preethisuve}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:1986 films]]<br /> [[Category:1986 Kannada-language films]]<br /> [[Category:Films scored by Shankar–Ganesh]]<br /> <br /> <br /> {{1980s-Kannada-film-stub}}</div>

Vinay https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Party_(2006_film)&diff=524602 2026-03-03T21:56:10Z

<p>Vinay: added new info.</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|2006 film by Ravi Babu}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=February 2017}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=February 2017}}<br /> {{Infobox film<br /> | name = Party<br /> | image = File:Party_Movie_Poster.jpg<br /> | caption =<br /> | director = [[Ravi Babu]]<br /> | producer = Kumar Katineni<br /> | screenplay = [[Satyanand]]<br /> | story = Ravi Babu<br /> | starring = [[Allari Naresh]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Shashank (actor)|Shashank]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Madhu Sharma]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Brahmanandam]]<br /> | music = [[Chakri (music director)|Chakri]]<br /> | cinematography = [[N. Sudhakar Reddy]]<br /> | editing = [[Marthand K. Venkatesh]]<br /> | studio =<br /> | distributor =<br /> | released = {{Film date|2006|03|24|df=yes}}<br /> | runtime =<br /> | country = India<br /> | language = Telugu<br /> | budget =<br /> | gross =<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''''Party''''' is a 2006 Indian [[Telugu language|Telugu]]-language film co-written and directed by [[Ravi Babu]] in the genre of comedy that makes a statement on the corporate environment shaping the IT world in the new millennium. It stars [[Allari Naresh]], [[Shashank (actor)|Shashank]], [[Ravi Babu]] and [[Madhu Sharma]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=http://www.idlebrain.com/news/2000march20/chitchat-ravibabu-anasuya.html | title=Allari Ravi Babu interview - chitchat - Telugu film producer, actor and director }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://movies.fullhyderabad.com/party/telugu/party-movie-reviews-1515-2.html|title=Party review: Party (Telugu) Movie Review - fullhyd.com|accessdate=20 April 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.telugucinema.com/tc/movies/party_review.php |title=Reviews : Movie Reviews |website=[[Telugucinema.com]] |access-date=20 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061119124825/http://www.telugucinema.com/tc/movies/party_review.php |archive-date=19 November 2006 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; The plot of the film is heavily inspired from the [[Hollywood (film industry)|Hollywood]] film ''[[Weekend at Bernie's]]''.<br /> <br /> == Plot ==<br /> The story is about two college buddies Nani ([[Allari Naresh]]) and Bujji ([[Shashank (actor)|Shashank]]) who get into trouble with a local don ([[Surya (Telugu actor)|Surya]]) and need to pay him a crore of rupees to get out of the situation. Meanwhile, a software firm (named Underware Hardware and Software Company!) headed by Dr. Rajendra Prasad ([[Brahmanandam]]) is facing a hostile take over by another firm. Rajendra Prasad had to build the world's fastest supercomputer in time to halt the takeover. But the rival firm sabotage his invention. Rajendra Prasad had no option but to sell his company to his rival, but decides not to and explores more options. Meanwhile, Nani and Bujji worm their way into Rajendra Prasad's company promising to give him the technology for a talking computer (named Bujji Babu 007) that would bring him the much needed millions. But Rajendra Prasad is assassinated while in their company. Fearing that fingers would point to them, they hide his body. A look alike takes Rajendra Prasad's place and tries to sell the company as quickly as possible so that he would get the interest of ₹20 crores. Rajendra Prasad's daughter Madhu (Madhu Sharma), meanwhile, falls in love with Nani. What follows is a series of anecdotes that lead to the unraveling of the mystery of the killer of the original Rajendra Prasad and preventing the rival company Wonderware from taking over Underware thus keeping to the wish of the original Rajendra Prasad.<br /> <br /> The plot moves with interesting references to the world of computers with names borrowed from the terminology used by geeks in the IT campuses, like Microchip and Potato chip are the code names used by two employees ([[Ravi Prakash]] and his assistant) to sabotage the work of the company run by Rajendra Prasad. The role of a professional killer is played by [[Ravi Babu]] who kills only humans and not animals. But to his bad luck he ends up killing animals, accidentally, every time he tries to kill someone and is heart broken. This is a slapstick comedy with many inter-connected sub-plots that keep complicating the plot and adding to its hilarity. Lots of corporate espionage, sabotage, comedy and romance with a happy ending – that is the story of ‘Party’.<br /> <br /> == Cast ==<br /> {{Cast listing|<br /> * [[Allari Naresh]] as Nani<br /> * [[Shashank (actor)|Shashank]] as Bujji<br /> * [[Madhu Sharma]] as Madhu<br /> * [[Brahmanandam]] as Dr. Rajendra Prasad / John Abraham<br /> * [[Ravi Babu]] as James<br /> * [[Ravi Prakash]] as Mr. Berde<br /> * Nuthan Kumar as Ramu<br /> * [[Surya (Telugu actor)|Surya]] as Velu Anna<br /> * [[Tammareddy Chalapathi Rao|Chalapathi Rao]] as CID Officer<br /> * [[Krishnudu]] as doctor<br /> * [[M.S. Narayana]] as John Abraham (picture)<br /> * [[Venu Madhav (actor)|Venu Madhav]] as Photographer<br /> * [[Krishna Bhagawan]] in guest appearance<br /> * [[Vijay Sai]] as Lab Incharge<br /> * [[Shankar Melkote]]<br /> }}<br /> <br /> == Music ==<br /> <br /> Music for this film was composed by Chakri. The Lyrics are written by Bhaskarabhatla and Ravikumar. All songs were well picturised and got positive response.<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;font-size:95%;&quot;<br /> ! No. !! Song !! Singers !! Length (m:ss)<br /> |-<br /> | 1|| &quot;Maja Chey&quot;|| Tina kamal|| 04:20<br /> |-<br /> | 2|| &quot;Happy Birthday&quot;||Revathi||03:34<br /> |-<br /> | 3|| &quot;Nani Nani&quot;|| Chakri, Venu||02:55<br /> |-<br /> | 4|| &quot;Touchme Touchme&quot;|| [[Kousalya (singer)|Kousalya]]||03:02<br /> |-<br /> | 5 ||&quot;Mosagallu&quot; ||Vasu, Manju||04:29<br /> |}<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> *{{IMDb title|1080774|Party}}<br /> <br /> {{Ravi Babu}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Films directed by Ravi Babu]]<br /> [[Category:2006 Telugu-language films]]<br /> [[Category:Films scored by Chakri]]</div>

Vinay https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vishwasam_Athallae_Ellaam&diff=544989 2026-03-03T20:40:00Z

<p>Vinay: new!</p> <hr /> <div>{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2015}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}<br /> {{Infobox film<br /> | name = Vishwasam Athallae Ellaam<br /> | image = Vishwasam... Athallae Ellaam.jpg<br /> | caption = Promotional Poster<br /> | director = [[Jayaraj Vijay]]<br /> | producer = Benjamin Antony Chirayath&lt;br&gt;Babu Varghese Adoor&lt;br&gt;Shajeer K<br /> | writer = <br /> | starring = [[Shine Tom Chacko]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Shankar (actor)|Shankar]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Ansiba Hassan]]&lt;br /&gt;Archana Jayakrishnan&lt;br /&gt;[[Manoj.K.Jayan]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Kalabhavan Shajon]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Sunil Sukhada]]&lt;br /&gt;Shan Vahab<br /> | music = <br /> | cinematography = <br /> | released = {{Film date|df=yes|2015|07|31}}<br /> | runtime = 135 minutes<br /> | language = Malayalam<br /> | country = India<br /> | budget = <br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''''Vishwasam Athallae Ellaam''''' ({{Translation|Trust Is Everything}}) is a 2015 Indian [[Malayalam]]-language film directed by [[Jayaraj Vijay]]. Produced by Benjamin Antony Chirayath, Babu Varghese Adoor, and Shajeer K through the production house Flowers Creation, starring [[Shine Tom Chacko]], [[Ansiba Hassan]] and veteran actor [[Shankar (actor)|Shankar]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Ansiba Hassan's next 'Viswasam Athalle Ellam'|url=http://www.nowrunning.com/ansiba-hassans-next-viswasam-athalle-ellam/104994/story.htm|publisher=nowrunning|access-date=2015-01-12|archive-date=6 February 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150206204217/http://www.nowrunning.com/ansiba-hassans-next-viswasam-athalle-ellam/104994/story.htm|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> The film was released on 31 July 2015.<br /> <br /> == Summary ==<br /> ''Vishwasam Athallae Ellaam'' is the story of Jomon, an easygoing young man played by Shine Tom Chacko, and his frequent conflicts with his father Luka, a strict police commissioner played by Shankar. Jomon is a spoiled brat, who doesn't know how to lead a practical and successful life. He believes that a person can amass wealth only using intelligence. He is entrusted with a task that can make his ambition a reality, but his lack of knowledge in practical life lands him in several troubles.<br /> <br /> == Cast ==<br /> * [[Shine Tom Chacko]] as Jomon<br /> * [[Shankar (actor)|Shankar]] as A.S.I Lucose<br /> * [[Ansiba Hassan]] as Seline<br /> * Archana Jayakrishnan as Rose<br /> * [https://m.imdb.com/name/nm5159854/ Kalabhavan Niyas] as Maniyan<br /> * [[Manoj.K.Jayan]] as A.C.P Prithyraj Singh I.P.S<br /> * [[Kalabhavan Shajon]]<br /> * [[Sunil Sukhada]]<br /> * [[Indrans]]<br /> * [[Bhagath Manuel]]<br /> * [[Vijayaraghavan (actor)|Vijayaraghavan]] as Divakaran<br /> <br /> == Reception ==<br /> ''The Times of India'' rated the film at two stars, calling it &quot;a disaster that slips into a B-grade comedy.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title = Viswasam Athalle Ellam Movie Review, Trailer, &amp; Show timings at Times of India|url = http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movie-reviews/Viswasam-Athalle-Ellam/movie-review/48330188.cms|website = The Times of India|access-date = 2015-12-29}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{ reflist}}<br /> <br /> == External links ==<br /> * {{IMDb title|4575174|Vishwasam Athallae Ellaam}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:2015 Malayalam-language films]]<br /> [[Category:Indian coming-of-age films]]<br /> [[Category:2010s coming-of-age films]]<br /> <br /> <br /> {{2010s-Malayalam-film-stub}}<br /> {{comingofage-film-stub}}</div>

Vinay https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=1000_%E2%80%93_Oru_Note_Paranja_Katha&diff=472207 2026-03-03T20:38:03Z

<p>Vinay: minor update intro for consistency and fixed typos</p> <hr /> <div>{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2025}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=February 2017}}<br /> {{Infobox film<br /> | name = 1000 – Oru Note Paranja Katha<br /> | native_name = <br /> | image = 1000 – Oru Note Paranja Katha.jpg<br /> | caption =Theatrical release poster<br /> | director = A. R. C. Nair<br /> | producer = Nishi Govind<br /> | writer = A. R. C. Nair<br /> | screenplay = <br /> | story = <br /> | starring = [[Bharath (actor)|Bharath]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Mukesh (actor)|Mukesh]] &lt;br /&gt;[[Maqbool Salmaan]]<br /> | music = Rajesh Mohan<br /> | cinematography = Thomas Thankachan<br /> | editing = Tiju Kurisinkal<br /> | studio = InFilm Movie Makers<br /> | distributor = InFilm Movie Makers<br /> | released = {{Film date|df=y|2015|02|13}}<br /> | runtime = <br /> | country = India<br /> | language = Malayalam<br /> }}<br /> '''''1000 : Oru Note Paranja Katha''''' ({{translation}} 1000 – Story narrated by rupee note) is a 2015 Indian Malayalam [[comedy thriller film]] directed by A. R. C. Nair. The film features [[Bharath (actor)|Bharath]], [[Mukesh (actor)|Mukesh]] and [[Maqbool Salmaan]] in the lead roles along with [[Leema Babu]] and [[Kalaranjini]] in key supporting roles. The film was released worldwide on 13 February 2015.&lt;ref name=&quot;TOI&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> == Plot ==<br /> The film follows the journey of a 1000 rupee note after autistic 26 year old Jikku Mon loses it after he receives it from his father.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/malayalam/2015/Jan/25/cinematic-currency-709268.html|title=Cinematic Currency|work=[[The New Indian Express]]|date=23 January 2015|access-date=1 July 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Cast==<br /> {{Cast listing|<br /> * [[Bharath (actor)|Bharath]] as Jikku Mon<br /> * [[Mukesh (actor)|Mukesh]] as Jikku Mon's father<br /> * [[Maqbool Salmaan]] as Henchman<br /> * [[Biyon]] as Hospital attender<br /> * [[Shammi Thilakan]] as Police inspector<br /> * [[Kalaranjini]]<br /> * [[Anju Aravind]] as Henchman's wife<br /> * [[Baby Meenakshi]]<br /> * [[Leema Babu]] as Hospital attender's girlfriend<br /> * [[Santhosh Keezhattoor]] as Minister<br /> * [[Santhakumari (Malayalam actress)|Santhakumari]]<br /> * Kumarakom Raghunath<br /> * Rakendu as Temple priest<br /> * Nishi Govind as Girl's mother&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/1000-oru-nottu-paranja-katha/articleshow/46308814.cms|title=1000-Oru Note Paranja Katha|work=[[The Times of India]]|date=20 November 2015|access-date=1 July 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> }}<br /> <br /> == Production ==<br /> [[Baby Meenakshi|Meenakshi]] made her debut through this film.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.onmanorama.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/2022/06/16/meenakshi-flying-colours-sslc-examination-marks.html|title=Actor Meenakshi comes through with flying colours, secures 9 A+ in SSLC exams|website=onManorama}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Soundtrack ==<br /> The music for the film is composed by Rajesh Mohan.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.malayalachalachithram.com/listsongs.php?m=5101|title=List of Malayalam Songs from the movie 1000 : Oru Note Paranja Katha|work=Malayalachalachithram|access-date=1 July 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> {{Track listing<br /> | headline = Track listing<br /> | extra_column = Singer(s)<br /> | all_lyrics = [[Rajeev Alunkal]]<br /> | title1 = Panamorunaal <br /> | extra1 = Rajesh Mohan<br /> | title2 = Pakalin Poomala Mele<br /> | extra2 = [[P. Jayachandran]]<br /> }}<br /> <br /> ==Reception==<br /> ''[[The Times of India]]'' gave the film a negative review stating &quot;one joke after another falls flat and the movie becomes far from enjoyable and is at best a timid effort to entertain the audience&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;TOI&quot;&gt;{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movie-reviews/1000-oru-note-paranja-katha/movie-review/46250491.cms |title=1000 – Oru Note Paranja Katha Movie Review {1.5/5}: Critic Review of 1000 – Oru Note Paranja Katha by Times of India |newspaper=The Times of India |publisher=|accessdate=2017-02-16}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> *{{IMDb title|5471518}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:1000 - Oru Note Paranja Katha}}<br /> [[Category:2015 Malayalam-language films]]<br /> [[Category:2015 thriller films]]<br /> [[Category:Indian thriller films]]<br /> [[Category:Indian comedy films]]</div>

Vinay https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Daffedar&diff=455328 2026-03-03T20:36:16Z

<p>Vinay: added layout additionally</p> <hr /> <div>{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2017}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=February 2017}}<br /> {{Infobox film<br /> | name = Daffedar<br /> | image = Daffedar film poster.jpg<br /> | caption = Theatrical release poster<br /> | director = Johnson Esthappan<br /> | producer = Gickson Thekkumthala&lt;br&gt;Ginu Mathew George<br /> | writer = Johnson Esthappan<br /> | narrator = <br /> | starring = [[Tini Tom]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last1=Rakesh|first1=Prasad|title=Dafedar Malayalam movie review 2016|url=http://www.filmfever.co.in/movie-review/dafedar-malayalam-movie-review-2016/|website=Film Fever Media|accessdate=8 November 2016|archive-date=12 November 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161112074954/http://www.filmfever.co.in/movie-review/dafedar-malayalam-movie-review-2016/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br&gt;[[Malavika Nair (actress, born 1999)|Malavika Nair]]&lt;br&gt;[[Sudheer Karamana]]&lt;br&gt;[[Chembil Ashokan]]&lt;br&gt;[[Indrans]]&lt;br&gt;Kavitha Nair&lt;br&gt;Jayakrishnan<br /> | music = [[Ilaiyaraaja]]<br /> | cinematography = Sudheer K. Sudhakaran<br /> | editing = Mentos Antony<br /> | studio = Eden Films<br /> | distributor = Carnival Pictures<br /> | released = {{Film date|2016|10|21|df=yes}}<br /> | runtime = <br /> | country = India<br /> | language = Malayalam<br /> | budget = <br /> | gross = <br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''''Daffedar''''' is a 2016 Indian [[Malayalam]]-language drama film directed by Johnson Esthappan, starring [[Tini Tom]] as [[Daffadar]] and [[Malavika Nair (actress, born 1999)|Malavika Nair]] in lead roles.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Ananya and Tini Tom in 'Dafedar'|url=https://www.indiaglitz.com/ananya-and-tini-tom-in-dafedar-malayalam-news-161378.html|work=India Glitz|date=2016-06-18|accessdate=2016-09-23}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Ilaiyaraaja]] is the music director and the film's audio was launched by [[Kerala chief minister]] [[Pinarayi Vijayan]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=മലയാളികൾക്കായി ഇളയരാജയുടെ ഓണപ്പാട്ട്,കേരളീയർക്കായി സമർപ്പിച്ചത് മുഖ്യമന്ത്രി|url=http://www.kvartha.com/2016/09/dafedar-films-audio-released-by-cm-with.html|publisher=K Vartha|date=2016-09-09|accessdate=2016-09-27}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Plot==<br /> <br /> Daffadar is the story of Ayyappan, a 65 years old honest, sincere, and compassionate security personnel (Daffadar) of the Collector for over 40 years. Evenafter his retirement he dresses as Daffadar and goes to the Collectorate every day.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=ഡഫേദാറിലെ അയ്യപ്പനും ആമിയും|url=http://www.nanaonline.in/malayalam-movie-news/1173/|publisher=Nana Film Weekly|accessdate=26 September 2016}}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Cast==<br /> <br /> *[[Tini Tom]] as Ayyapan<br /> *[[Malavika Nair (actress, born 1999)|Malavika Nair]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=ആരും കൊതിക്കുന്ന നായിക വേഷം തന്നേയാണ് 'ഡഫേദാറി'ലേത് -മാളവിക|url=http://www.nanaonline.in/malayalam-movie-news/1229/|publisher=Nana Film Weekly|accessdate=26 September 2016}}{{Dead link|date=August 2020 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *[[Sudheer Karamana]]<br /> *[[Chembil Ashokan]]<br /> *[[Indrans]]<br /> *[[Devan (actor)|Devan]]<br /> *[[Kavitha Nair]]<br /> *[[Jayakrishnan]]<br /> *[[Geetha Vijayan]]<br /> *[[Neerav Bavlecha]] unni kannan<br /> *[[Anjali Aneesh|Anjali Aneesh Upasana]]<br /> <br /> ==Production==<br /> The film originally starred [[Kalabhavan Mani]] and [[Ananya (actress)|Ananya]], with its [[Puja (Hinduism)|pooja]] function in 2014,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Dafedar Malayalam Movie Pooja - Kalabhavan Mani, Ananya|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dGR2e0cWAIo|work=India Glitz You Tube|accessdate=26 September 2016|date=17 September 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; but the film was almost dropped after the death of Mani.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=അറുപത്തിയഞ്ചുകാരനായി ടിനിടോം...കലാഭവൻ മാണി ചെയ്യാനിരുന്ന വേഷം|url=http://www.nanaonline.in/malayalam-movie-news/1108/|publisher=Nana Film Weekly|accessdate=26 September 2016}}{{Dead link|date=August 2020 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; The filming resumed in 2016 with [[Tini Tom]] and [[Malavika Nair (actress, born 1999)|Malavika Nair]] replacing Mani and Ananya respectively.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=இளையராஜாவின் பாடல்களை வெளியிட்ட கேரளா முதல்வர்..!|url=https://cinema.dinamalar.com/tamil-news/50710/cinema/Kollywood/ilayaraja-song-launched-by-kerala--chife-minister.htm|publisher=[[Dinamalar]]|date=2016-09-09|access-date=2016-09-27}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=ഡഫേദാറിനുവേണ്ടി പത്തുകിലോ തൂക്കം കുറച്ചു -ടിനിടോം|url=http://www.nanaonline.in/malayalam-movie-news/1275/|publisher=Nana Film Weekly|accessdate=26 September 2016}}{{Dead link|date=August 2020 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last1=പ്രിയ|first1=പ്രിയദർശിനി|title=മണിയുടെ സ്വപ്നം ടിനി ടോം പൂർത്തിയാക്കി! അനുഗ്രഹം തേടി മണിയുടെ അസ്ഥിത്തറയിലെത്തിയപ്പോൾ സംഭവിച്ചത്|work=ManoramaOnline |url=http://www.vanitha.in/just-in/latest-news/tini-tom-opens-up-kalabhavanmani-relationship-and-his-new-movie.html|publisher=[[Vanitha]]|accessdate=8 October 2016|date=8 October 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=ടിനി ടോമിന്റെ ഡഫേദാർ:പാട്ടുകളും ട്രെയ്‌ലറും പുറത്തിറങ്ങി|url=http://www.mathrubhumi.com/movies-music/news/dafedar-malayalam-movie-malayalam-news-1.1427998|publisher=[[Mathrubhumi]]|accessdate=21 October 2016|date=15 October 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Soundtrack==<br /> The soundtrack album was composed by [[Ilaiyaraaja]], with lyrics written by [[Rafeeq Ahamed]].<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! No. !! Title !! Lyrics !! Singer(s) !! Length<br /> |-<br /> | 1 || &quot;Poothumbakkinallo Ponnonam&quot; || [[Rafeeq Ahamed]] || [[Vijay Yesudas]] || 05:01<br /> |-<br /> | 2 || &quot;Oorila Eerila&quot; || Rafeeq Ahamed || Alka Ajit || 04:59<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> * {{IMDb title|6099884}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Daffadar}}<br /> [[Category:2016 films]]<br /> [[Category:2016 Malayalam-language films]]<br /> [[Category:Films scored by Ilaiyaraaja]]</div>

Vinay https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Anuraga_Karikkin_Vellam&diff=445314 2026-03-03T20:36:01Z

<p>Vinay: clean up</p> <hr /> <div>{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2015}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=December 2015}}<br /> {{Infobox film<br /> | name = Anuraga Karikkin Vellam<br /> | image = Anuraga Karikkin Vellam poster.jpg<br /> | caption = Theatrical release poster<br /> | director = [[Khalid Rahman]]<br /> | producer = [[Santhosh Sivan]]&lt;br&gt;Shaji Nadesan&lt;br&gt;[[Prithviraj Sukumaran]]&lt;br&gt;[[Arya (actor)|Arya]]<br /> | writer = Naveen Bhaskar<br /> | starring = {{ubl|[[Biju Menon]]|[[Asif Ali (actor)|Asif Ali]]|[[Rajisha Vijayan]]|[[Asha Sarath]]}}<br /> | music = [[Prashant Pillai]]<br /> | cinematography = [[Jimshi Khalid]]<br /> | editing = Noufal Abdullah<br /> | studio = August Cinema<br /> | distributor = August Cinema<br /> | released = {{Film date|df=yes|2016|07|07|India}}<br /> | runtime = 128 minutes&lt;ref name=&quot;response&quot;/&gt;<br /> | country = India<br /> | language = Malayalam<br /> | budget = {{INR|4.5 crore|link=yes}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://english.manoramaonline.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/anuraga-karikkin-vellam-box-office-100crcollection.html|title='Anuraga Karikkin Vellam' going strong at box office|first=Onmanorama|last=Staff|work=[[Malayala Manorama]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | gross = {{Estimation}} {{INR|22 crore}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.catchnews.com/regional-cinema/kerala-box-office-sultan-kasaba-anuraga-karikkin-vellam-complete-50-day-run-at-ticket-window-1472207304.html|title=Kerala Box Office: Sultan, Kasaba, Anuraga Karikkin Vellam complete 50 day run at ticket window|work=Catch News}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''''Anuraga Karikkin Vellam''''' (English: ''The Tender Coconut Water of Love'') is a 2016 Indian Malayalam [[romantic comedy]] film directed by debutant Khalid Rahman. It stars [[Biju Menon]], [[Asif Ali (actor)|Asif Ali]], [[Asha Sharath]], and [[Rajisha Vijayan]] in lead roles. Written by Naveen Bhaskar, it revolves around the life of an ordinary policeman, Raghu, and his son, Abhilash. The soundtrack and background score for the film are composed by [[Prashant Pillai]].<br /> <br /> It was produced jointly by Shaji Nadesan, [[Prithviraj Sukumaran]], [[Santhosh Sivan]], and [[Arya (actor)|Arya]] under the banner of August Cinema.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|author=Anu James|title=Watch teaser of Asif Ali-Biju Menon's 'Anuraga Karikkin Vellam' [VIDEO]|url=http://www.ibtimes.co.in/watch-teaser-asif-ali-biju-menons-anuraga-karikkin-vellam-video-677724|accessdate=14 May 2016|work=[[International Business Times]]|date=6 May 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''Anuraga Karikkin Vellam'' was released on 7 July 2016. [[Rajisha Vijayan]]'s performance won her the [[Kerala State Film Award for Best Actress]] in 2016.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://zeenews.india.com/regional/kerala-state-films-awards-2016-vinayakan-bags-best-actor-trophy-rajisha-vijayan-adjudged-best-actress_1984312.html|title=Kerala State Film Awards 2016: Vinayakan bags best actor trophy, Rajisha Vijayan adjudged best actress!|date=2017-03-07|work=Zee News|access-date=2017-03-07|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Plot==<br /> Abhilash alias Abhi is a young architect in search of a job. His girlfriend, Elizabeth alias Eli, is a sweet, bubbly, and kind-hearted girl who treats Abhi like a kid. Abhi is irritated by Eli's frequent calls and interference in his life. Upon his friend's suggestions, he breaks up with Eli, leaving her heartbroken. She struggles with her breakup.<br /> <br /> Abhi's father, [[Assistant sub-inspector of police|ASI]] Raghu, is a strict police officer. One day, he meets his ex-girlfriend, Anuradha, and tries to contact her, but fails. Abhi gets to know this and gives a fake number to Raghu. Eli gives her own number to Raghu and pretends to be Anuradha. Raghu and Eli form a very friendly bond. She manages to make things better between Raghu and his wife, Suma. After years of marriage, Raghu and Suma get closer because of Eli. Abhi gets a job in a call centre where one of his old friends, Sony, also works. But Abhi finds it difficult to adjust in the call centre and leaves. Sony confesses to Abhi that he loves Eli. Sony helps Eli in coming out of the breakup and proposes to Eli. Abhi starts missing Eli, however, her marriage gets fixed with Sony. One last time, Eli meets Abhi and tells him how important he is to her and leaves. Abhi starts realising her worth and wants her back. Raghu wants to meet Anuradha and requests her to meet him. With no choice left, Eli meets Raghu and tells him the truth.<br /> <br /> On the day before her wedding, Abhi decides to stop Eli's wedding and bring her back. However, he gets arrested and detained at a police station. The next morning, his father releases him. He confesses to his father that he loves Eli and she is headed towards marrying someone else. Raghu supports Abhi and rushes to stop the wedding, however, they fail to do so. Abhi apologizes to Eli and proposes to her. Eli, now married to Sony rejects Abhi and makes peace with him. Sony thanks Abhi. While returning, Raghu again meets Anuradha, and this time, they chase her car. Upon asking about her, she reveals that she is not Anuradha. After she leaves, Raghu and Abhi share a laugh, finally bonding.<br /> <br /> Some time later, Abhi and Raghu are shown sitting near a new project designed and constructed by Abhi, reminiscing about their past love and how love, even though sometimes unsuccessful, can actually leave you with good life lessons.<br /> <br /> ==Cast==<br /> * [[Biju Menon]] as [[Assistant sub-inspector of police|ASI]] Raghu, a furious [[police officer]], Suma's husband and Abhi's and Anu's father<br /> * [[Asif Ali (actor)|Asif Ali]] as Abhilash (Abhi), an [[architect]] and Raghu's son<br /> * [[Asha Sarath]] as Suma, Raghu's wife and Abhi's and Anu's mother<br /> * [[Rajisha Vijayan]] as Elizabeth (Eli), Abhi's girlfriend and later Sony's wife <br /> * [[Sreenath Bhasi]] as Kichu, Abhi's friend <br /> * [[Soubin Shahir]] as Fakrudheen (Fakru), Abhi's friend, a [[bike mechanic]]<br /> * [[Ivana (actress)|Ivana]] as Anu, Raghu's and Suma's daughter and Abhi's younger sister<br /> * [[Sudheer Karamana]] as James, Raghu's colleague police officer<br /> * [[Pauly Valsan]] as Corporation [[Cleaner]]<br /> * Naaji as Sony, Abhi's old friend and later Eli's husband. <br /> * [[Chinnu Chandni]] as Jaslin<br /> * [[Irshad (actor)|Irshad]] as Irfan Khan<br /> * [[Maniyanpilla Raju]] as Prakash Kopara, Eli's father<br /> * [[Sudhi Koppa]] as Thanka<br /> * [[Tom Alter]] as Abhi's boss<br /> * [[V. P. Khalid]] as Band Mani<br /> * [[Kausalya (actress)|Nandhini]] as Anuradha (cameo)<br /> * Shaji Nadeshan as Anuradha's husband (cameo)<br /> <br /> ==Soundtrack==<br /> {{Infobox album<br /> | name = Anuraga Karikkin Vellam<br /> | type = Soundtrack<br /> | artist = [[Prashant Pillai]]<br /> | cover =<br /> | alt =<br /> | released = {{Start date|df=yes|2016|06|17}}<br /> | recorded = 2016<br /> | venue =<br /> | studio =<br /> | genre = [[Film soundtrack|Feature film soundtrack]]<br /> | length = 14:37<br /> | label = Anon Trendz<br /> | producer =<br /> | prev_title = [[Rockstar (2015 film)|Rockstar]]<br /> | prev_year = 2015<br /> | next_title =<br /> | next_year =<br /> }}<br /> <br /> The original soundtrack is composed, programmed, and [[Arrangement|arranged]] by [[Prashant Pillai]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Anuraga Karikkin Vellam|url=https://www.facebook.com/AKV.Movie/photos/a.935643666478628.1073741828.923524724357189/1064808363562157/?type=3&amp;theater|publisher=[[Facebook]]|accessdate=14 May 2016|date=14 May 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; The soundtrack was made available for digital sale from 1 July 2016.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Anuraga Karikkin Vellam (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack) - EP by Prashant Pillai on iTunes|url=https://music.apple.com/us/album/anuraga-karikkin-vellam-original/1126288077|website=[[iTunes]]|publisher=[[Apple Inc.]]|access-date=9 July 2016|date=1 July 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! No. !! Song !! Singer(s) !! Lyrics !! Length<br /> |-<br /> | 1 || &quot;Manogatham Bhavan&quot; || Mathangi, [[Haricharan]] || Harinarayanan || 4:25<br /> |-<br /> | 2 || &quot;Neeyo Njano&quot; || [[Vaikom Vijayalakshmi]], Niranj, [[Shabareesh Varma]], Sreerag Saji || [[Shabareesh Varma]] || 4:01<br /> |-<br /> | 3 || &quot;Poyimaranjo&quot; || Preeti Pillai, Arun Kamath || Shabareesh Varma || 2:24<br /> |-<br /> | 4 || &quot;Anuraga Karikinvellam&quot; || [[Govind Vasantha]], Peethambaran Menon|| Shabareesh Varma || 3:53<br /> |-<br /> | 5 || &quot;Manogatham Nadaswaram&quot;&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;(Instrumental)&lt;/small&gt; || {{mdash}} || {{mdash}} ||<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Release==<br /> ''Anuraga Karikkin Vellam'' released in India on 7 July 2016 on the occasion of [[Eid al-Fitr|Eid]], in 74 screens across Kerala along with ''[[Kasaba (2016 film)|Kasaba]]'' at the box office.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|last=James|first=Anu|title='Anuraga Karikkin Vellam' review by audience: Live updates of Asif Ali, Biju Menon's movie|url=http://www.ibtimes.co.in/anuraga-karikkin-vellam-review-by-audience-live-updates-asif-ali-biju-menons-movie-685763|accessdate=9 July 2016|work=[[International Business Times]]|date=7 July 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Reception==<br /> ===Accolades===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable plainrowheaders sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:75%&quot;<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width:8%&quot; |Year<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width:27%&quot; |Award<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width:17%&quot; |Category<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width:23%&quot; |Recipient <br /> |-<br /> |2016<br /> |[[Kerala State Film Award for Best Actress|Kerala State Film Award]]<br /> |Best Actress<br /> |[[Rajisha Vijayan]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/malayalam/2017/mar/07/kerala-state-film-awards-2016-anounced-manhole-takes-away-the-best-film-vinayakan-bags-the-best-ac-1578711.html|title=Kerala State Film Awards 2016 announced: Manhole takes away the Best Film, Vinayakan bags the Best Actor|website=The New Indian Express|date=8 March 2017 |access-date=2018-12-24}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |2016<br /> |[[Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actress – Malayalam|Filmfare Award]]<br /> |Best Supporting Actress – Malayalam<br /> |[[Asha Sarath]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.filmfare.com/news/winners-of-the-64th-jio-filmfare-awards-south-21594.html|title=Winners of the 64th Jio Filmfare Awards (South) {{!}} filmfare.com|website=www.filmfare.com|access-date=2018-12-24}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |2016<br /> |[[Asianet Film Awards|Asianet Film Award]]<br /> |Best Star Pair &lt;br /&gt; Best Character Actor<br /> |[[Asif Ali (actor)|Asif Ali]] &amp; [[Rajisha Vijayan]]&lt;br /&gt; [[Biju Menon]]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Critical response===<br /> ''[[International Business Times]]'' called it a &quot;sweet family entertainer&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;response&quot;&gt;{{cite news|last=James|first=Anu|title='Anuraga Karikkin Vellam' critics review: Asif Ali-Biju Menon movie is a sweet family entertainer|url=http://www.ibtimes.co.in/anuraga-karikkin-vellam-critics-review-asif-ali-biju-menon-movie-sweet-family-entertainer-685929|accessdate=9 July 2016|work=[[International Business Times]]|date=8 July 2016|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''[[The Times of India]]'' said, &quot;On the whole, it's one of those cute family movies packed with a basket-full of laughter, emotions, and thoughts that you can give in to, without a second thought.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movie-reviews/Anuraga-Karikkin-Vellam/movie-review/53111880.cms|title=Anuraga Karikkin Vellam Movie Review, Trailer, &amp; Show timings at Times of India|newspaper=The Times of India |publisher=}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Box office===<br /> ====Domestic====<br /> ''Anuraga Karikkin Vellam'' grossed more than {{INR}}16 crore from the multiplexes of [[Kochi]] in five days. Among the Eid releases, ''Anuraga Karikkin Vellam'', emerged as the top grosser at the [[Kochi]] [[multiplexes]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.ibtimes.co.in/asif-ali-biju-menons-anuraga-karikkin-vellam-crosses-rs-1-crore-mark-kochi-multiplexes-687769|title=Asif Ali, Biju Menon's 'Anuraga Karikkin Vellam' crosses Rs.16 crore mark at Cochin multiplexes|first=Anu|last=James|work=[[International Business Times]]|date=25 July 2016 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist|30em}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> * {{facebook|AKV.Movie}}<br /> * {{IMDb title|5375324}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:2016 Malayalam-language films]]<br /> [[Category:Films shot in Kochi]]<br /> [[Category:Films directed by Khalid Rahman]]</div>

Vinay https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Senthoorapandi&diff=534063 2026-03-03T04:56:49Z

<p>Vinay: article</p> <hr /> <div>{{short description|1993 film directed by S.A. Chandrasekhar}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=February 2023}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}<br /> {{Infobox film<br /> | name = Senthoorapandi<br /> | image = Senthoorapandi poster.jpg<br /> | caption = Theatrical release poster<br /> | director = [[S. A. Chandrasekhar]]an<br /> | screenplay = S. A. Chandrasekharan<br /> | story = [[Shoba Chandrasekhar|Shoba]]<br /> | producer = B. Vimal<br /> | starring = {{unbulleted list|[[Vijay (actor)|Vijay]]|[[Yuvarani]]}}<br /> | cinematography = Ravishankar<br /> | editing = P. R. Gautham Raj<br /> | music = [[Deva (composer)|Deva]]<br /> | studio = B. V. Combines<br /> | distributor = XB Film Creators<br /> | released = {{Film date|1993|12|10|df=y}}<br /> | runtime = 138 minutes<br /> | country = India<br /> | language = Tamil<br /> }}<br /> '''''Senthoorapandi''''' is a 1993 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[romantic action film]] directed by [[S. A. Chandrasekhar]]an. The film stars [[Vijay (actor)|Vijay]] and [[Yuvarani]] in the lead roles with [[Vijayakanth]] in an extended cameo as the titular character. It revolves around Vijay (Vijay) who falls in love with Meena. Meena's brother opposes their marriage due to rivalry between both the families, whereas Vijay's brother Senthoorapandi (Vijayakanth) returns from jail to help him to win his love.<br /> <br /> The film was released on 10 December 1993,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=1 December 2002 |title=நட்சத்திர படப் பட்டியல் |url=https://ibb.co/cTSgjhM |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240202064212/https://ibb.co/cTSgjhM |archive-date=2 February 2024 |access-date=2 February 2024 |work=[[Cinema Express]] |pages=41–43 |language=Ta}}&lt;/ref&gt; and performed well commercially.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=16 April 2018 |title=SAC recalls Vijayakanth's help for Vijay |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/stories/news/2018/apr/16/sac-recalls-vijayakanths-help-for-vijay-5555.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211105081513/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/stories/news/2018/apr/16/sac-recalls-vijayakanths-help-for-vijay-5555.html |archive-date=5 November 2021 |access-date=5 November 2021 |website=[[Cinema Express]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Plot ==<br /> Vijay returns to his village after his studies, much to the happiness of his parents. He falls in love with Meena, the sister of local bigwig Ponnambalam. He opposes their love because Vijay belongs to a lower caste, and tries to kill the entire family. But Vijay's brother Senthoorappandi, who is just released from prison, shows up on time and saves them.<br /> <br /> Through a flashback, we learn that Senthoorappandi and Marikozhundhu were in love and that was opposed by her family. But Senthoorappandi overpowers the opposition and marries her. Enraged, her uncle kills her. In retaliation, Senthoorappandi kills the uncle and goes to prison.<br /> <br /> Now that Senthoorappandi is out of prison, he tries to convince Ponnambalam to get his sister married to Vijay, but Ponnambalam insults Senthoorappandi and rejects the proposal. Meena decides to marry Vijay against her brother's wishes. In an attempt to stop the wedding, Ponnambalam kills Vijay/Senthoorappandi's father.<br /> <br /> Senthoorappandi proceeds with the wedding of his brother despite the killing of his father. Ponnambalam tries to stop the wedding, but Senthoorappandi fights him and kills him and goes to jail again, happy that Vijay and Meena are united.<br /> <br /> == Cast ==<br /> {{cast listing|<br /> *[[Vijayakanth]] as Senthoorapandi (Extended guest appearance)<br /> *[[Vijay (actor)|Vijay]] as Vijay <br /> *[[Yuvarani]] as Meena<br /> *[[Vijayakumar (Tamil actor)|Vijayakumar]] as Senthoorapandi's father<br /> *[[Manorama (Tamil actress)|Manorama]] as Maruthaayi, Senthoorapandi's mother<br /> *[[Ponnambalam (actor)|Ponnambalam]] as Ponnambalam, Meena's brother<br /> *[[S. S. Chandran]] as Sundaralingam<br /> *Tiruppur Ramasamy as Postman<br /> *[[Chaplin Balu]] as Vijay's friend<br /> *[[O. A. K. Sundar]] as Meena's suitor<br /> *[[Meesai Murugesan]] as Meena's suitor's father<br /> *[[Gauthami]] as Marikozhundhu (guest appearance)<br /> *[[S. A. Chandrasekhar]] (guest appearance in &quot;Aadadhada Aadadhada&quot;)<br /> }}<br /> <br /> == Production ==<br /> After Vijay's debut film as a lead actor ''[[Naalaiya Theerpu]]'' (1992) failed at the box-office, Chandrasekhar decided to cast an established actor alongside Vijay for his next film; Vijayakanth agreed to do the film for free.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=14 December 2013 |title=When Vijayakanth helped Ilayathalapathy Vijay |url=http://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movies-cinema-news-13/sac-recalled-how-vijayakanth-did-sendhoorapandi-free-of-cost-to-help-his-son-vijays-career.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190821131506/http://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movies-cinema-news-13/sac-recalled-how-vijayakanth-did-sendhoorapandi-free-of-cost-to-help-his-son-vijays-career.html |archive-date=21 August 2019 |access-date=21 August 2019 |website=Behindwoods}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=December 28, 2023 |title=Vijay explains how dad SA Chandrasekar used Vijayakanth's popularity to launch him in Sendhoorapandi, watch throwback video |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/tamil/vijay-says-dad-sa-chandrasekar-used-vijayakanths-popularity-to-launch-him-in-sendhoorapandi-throwback-9085977/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231228083719/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/tamil/vijay-says-dad-sa-chandrasekar-used-vijayakanths-popularity-to-launch-him-in-sendhoorapandi-throwback-9085977/ |archive-date=28 December 2023 |access-date=28 December 2023 |website=[[The Indian Express]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Soundtrack ==<br /> The soundtrack was composed by [[Deva (composer)|Deva]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Sendhoorapandi (1993) |url=https://www.raaga.com/tamil/movie/sendhoorapandi-songs-T0004926 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211105081513/https://www.raaga.com/tamil/movie/sendhoorapandi-songs-T0004926 |archive-date=5 November 2021 |access-date=5 November 2021 |website=[[Raaga.com]] |language=ta}}&lt;/ref&gt; For the dubbed Telugu version ''Bobbili Rayudu'',&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Bobbili Rayudu |url=https://indiancine.ma/BDYU/info |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20230228054442/https://indiancine.ma/BDYU/info |archive-date=28 February 2023 |access-date=10 January 2021 |website=indiancine.ma}}&lt;/ref&gt; all lyrics were written by [[Rajasri (writer)|Rajasri]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=August 2014 |title=Bobbili Rayudu |url=https://open.spotify.com/album/2XUTKf1NasosyNUGTbs71t |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20230228061139/https://open.spotify.com/album/2XUTKf1NasosyNUGTbs71t |archive-date=28 February 2023 |access-date=10 January 2021 |website=[[Spotify]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> {{Track listing<br /> | headline = Tamil<br /> | extra_column = Singer(s)<br /> | total_length = 23:09<br /> | title1 = Aadadhada Aadadhada<br /> | extra1 = [[Deva (composer)|Deva]]<br /> | lyrics1 = P. R. C. Balu<br /> | length1 = 4:12<br /> | title2 = Chinna Chinna<br /> | extra2 = [[Mano (singer)|Mano]], [[Swarnalatha]]<br /> | lyrics2 = [[Vaali (poet)|Vaali]]<br /> | length2 = 4:53<br /> | title3 = Mane Nane<br /> | extra3 = [[S. N. Surendar]], Swarnalatha<br /> | lyrics3 = Vaali<br /> | length3 = 5:06<br /> | title4 = Pillayare Pillayare<br /> | extra4 = Mano<br /> | lyrics4 = Vaali<br /> | length4 = 3:50<br /> | title5 = Senthoora Pandikku<br /> | extra5 = [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]], [[K. S. Chithra]]<br /> | lyrics5 = Vaali<br /> | length5 = 5:08<br /> }}<br /> <br /> {{track listing<br /> | headline = Telugu<br /> | extra_column = Singer(s)<br /> | total_length = 18:42<br /> | title1 = Manasa<br /> | extra1 = [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]], [[K. S. Chithra]]<br /> | length1 = 5:01<br /> | title2 = Sindura Puvvu<br /> | extra2 = S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, K. S. Chithra<br /> | length2 = 5:05<br /> | title3 = Pilladhani<br /> | extra3 = S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, K. S. Chithra<br /> | length3 = 3:45<br /> | title4 = Challanaina<br /> | extra4 = S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, K. S. Chithra<br /> | length4 = 4:49<br /> }}<br /> <br /> == Reception ==<br /> Malini Mannath of ''[[The Indian Express]]'' wrote it &quot;turns out to be fairly engaging film&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Mannath |first=Malini |date=17 December 1993 |title=Few dull moments |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=P9oYG7HA76QC&amp;dat=19931217&amp;printsec=frontpage&amp;hl=en |access-date=7 January 2019 |work=[[The Indian Express]] |pages=6 |via=[[Google News Archive]]}}{{cbignore}}&lt;/ref&gt; K. Vijiyan of ''[[New Straits Times]]'' wrote, &quot;It is amazing Chandrasegaran went into production without a proper story. Rajarajan's cinematography is the saving grace in this movie which seems to have nothing new to say&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Vijiyan |first=K. |date=19 February 1994 |title=Tired old village love plot in Chandrasekaran's latest |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=-DpOAAAAIBAJ&amp;sjid=1xMEAAAAIBAJ&amp;pg=5479%2C2623375 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240523095042/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=-DpOAAAAIBAJ&amp;sjid=1xMEAAAAIBAJ&amp;pg=5479%2C2623375 |archive-date=23 May 2024 |access-date=5 November 2021 |work=[[New Straits Times]] |pages=12 |via=[[Google News Archive]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Thulasi of ''[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]]'' panned the plot and violence but praised the cinematography and music.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite magazine |last=துளசி |date=2 January 1994 |title=செந்தூரப் பாண்டி |url=https://archive.org/details/kalki1994-01-02/page/20/mode/2up |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20230228054056/https://archive.org/details/kalki1994-01-02/page/20/mode/2up |archive-date=28 February 2023 |access-date=13 February 2023 |magazine=[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]] |page=20 |language=Ta |via=[[Internet Archive]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''[[Ananda Vikatan]]'' gave the film a score of 30 out of 100.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=சார்லஸ் |first=தேவன் |date=22 June 2021 |title=பீஸ்ட் : 'நாளைய தீர்ப்பு' டு 'மாஸ்டர்'... விஜய்க்கு விகடனின் மார்க்கும், விமர்சனமும் என்ன? #Beast |url=https://cinema.vikatan.com/tamil-cinema/how-vijay-movies-scored-in-vikatan-reviews |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211008100344/https://cinema.vikatan.com/amp/story/tamil-cinema/how-vijay-movies-scored-in-vikatan-reviews |archive-date=8 October 2021 |access-date=7 December 2021 |website=[[Ananda Vikatan]] |language=ta}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> == External links ==<br /> * {{IMDb title|6823034}}<br /> <br /> {{S. A. Chandrasekhar}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:1993 Indian films]]<br /> [[Category:1990s romantic action films]]<br /> [[Category:1993 Tamil-language films]]<br /> [[Category:1993 films]]<br /> [[Category:Films directed by S. A. Chandrasekhar]]<br /> [[Category:Films scored by Deva (composer)]]<br /> [[Category:Films with screenplays by S. A. Chandrasekhar]]<br /> [[Category:Indian romantic action films]]<br /> [[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]</div>

Vinay https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mangalore_Special_Economic_Zone&diff=515879 2026-02-19T05:35:31Z

<p>Vinay: Starting Details!</p> <hr /> <div>{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2018}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=April 2018}}<br /> '''Mangalore Special Economic Zone''' or '''MSEZ''' is a [[Special economic zone|Special Economic Zone]] spread across 1,600 acres in [[Mangalore]], [[Karnataka]], [[India]]<br /> <br /> MSEZ is managed by ''Mangalore Special Economic Zone Limited(MSEZL)''. The MSEZL is located {{convert|15|km|mi|abbr=on}} from [[Mangalore]] city center, off [[National Highway 66 (India)|Cochin-Mumbai NH 66]], {{convert|5|km|mi|abbr=on}} from [[Mangalore Airport|Mangalore International Airport]] and {{convert|8|km|mi|abbr=on}} from all-weather deep-draft sea port, [[New Mangalore Port]].<br /> <br /> MSEZL is jointly promoted by [[Oil and Natural Gas Corporation|Oil &amp; Natural Gas Corporation (ONGC)]], a [[Fortune 500|Fortune 500 Company]] and [[Infrastructure Leasing &amp; Financial Services|Infrastructure Leasing &amp; Finance Services (IL&amp;FS)]], Karnataka Industrial Area Development Board (KIADB) and Kanara Chamber of Commerce and Industry (KCCI). A unique combination of Government entities, a large financial institution and an apex chamber brings in the expertise to develop MSEZL with world-class industrial infrastructure.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.mangaloresez.com/index.php/about-us/project-overview|title=About Mangalore Special Economic Zone {{!}} Free Zone in India {{!}} ONGC SEZ|website=www.mangaloresez.com|access-date=2016-10-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Mangalore/isprls-mangaluru-cavern-to-be-commissioned-this-month/article9170410.ece|title=ISPRL’s Mangaluru cavern to be commissioned this month|last=Sastry|first=Anil Kumar|date=2016-10-01|newspaper=The Hindu|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X|access-date=2016-10-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Land acquisition and Controversies==<br /> In 2012, the Mangalore Special Economic Zone (MSEZ) initiated the acquisition of approximately 1,800 acres of land in the Nellidadi, [[Bajpe]] area, which included the historic Nellidadi Guthu house and the Kantheri Dhoomavathi Temple.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Mangalore: Won't Allow Demolition of Temples, say Families Displaced by MSEZ |url=https://www.daijiworld.com/news/newsDisplay?newsID=152409&amp;utm_source=chatgpt.com |access-date=2025-02-28 |website=www.daijiworld.com |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> This move faced strong opposition from the local community, particularly the 350 members of the Nellidadi Guthu family, who were unwilling to relocate from their ancestral land and sacred sites. Despite assurances from MSEZ officials that the temple would remain unaffected, residents reported [[Harassment|instances of harassment]] and [[demolition]] of properties without prior notice. The community expressed their determination to protect their heritage, even filing legal actions to halt the acquisition process.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Mangalore Today |url=https://www.mangaloretoday.com/mainnewsprint/Local-people-oppose-MSEZ-acquisition-of-historic-temple-land.html |access-date=2025-02-28 |website=www.mangaloretoday.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; MSEZ sent 60 goons to demolish their house on May 10 and harassed a number of people, including women and children.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=2013-06-11 |title=Clinging to faith, they refuse to leave their house |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Mangalore/clinging-to-faith-they-refuse-to-leave-their-house/article4803515.ece/ |access-date=2025-02-28 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=2012-05-12 |title=Nellidadi Guttu residents may be dispossessed of land |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Mangalore/nellidadi-guttu-residents-may-be-dispossessed-of-land/article3411373.ece/ |access-date=2025-02-28 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Mangalore Today |url=https://www.mangaloretoday.com/mainnewsprint/MSEZ-workers-accused-of-assaulting-family.html |access-date=2025-02-28 |website=www.mangaloretoday.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> After forcibly acquiring all the land, company were not able to acquire the Dhoomavathi Temple and the Nellidadi Guthu house. They gave special permission to the members of the house to enter the temple and Housefor the worship of Daiva. However, in March 2025, they restricted them from worshipping the god again.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=ತುಳುನಾಡಿನ ಅಸ್ಮಿತೆಯ ಮೇಲೆ ಎಂಎಸ್‌ಇಝೆಡ್ ಸವಾರಿ! ದೈವಾರಾದನೆಗೂ ಬೇಕಿದೆ ದೊಣ್ಣೆ ನಾಯಕನ ಅಪ್ಪಣೆ |url=https://vijaykarnataka.com/news/mangaluru/msez-company-refused-to-conduct-daivaradhane-at-nellidadi-guthu-kantheri-jumadi-in-bajpe-village/articleshow/118589844.cms |access-date=2025-02-28 |website=Vijay Karnataka |language=kn}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{coord missing|Karnataka}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Special Economic Zones of India]]<br /> [[Category:Economy of Mangalore]]<br /> [[Category:Oil and Natural Gas Corporation]]</div>

Vinay https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Majid_Husain&diff=515222 2026-02-18T14:01:11Z

<p>Vinay: Starting A Article!</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Indian geologist (died 2019)}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=May 2025}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=August 2017}}<br /> {{Infobox scientist<br /> | name = Dr. Majid Husain<br /> | image = Majid Husain.jpg<br /> | caption = Majid Husain delivering a lecture at Pragati IAS<br /> | fields = [[Geography]], Geomorphology, Geology, Human Geography<br /> | known_for = Research on geography<br /> | children = <br /> | awards = Bhugol Bhushan Award<br /> | birth_place = Banhera Tanda, [[Roorkee]], [[United Provinces of British India|United Provinces]], [[British India]]<br /> | death_date = 24 January 2019<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Majid Husain''' (died January 24, 2019) was an Indian [[geographer]] known for his contributions to geography.<br /> <br /> ==Early life==<br /> Husain was born in [[Haridwar district]] of [[Uttarakhand]].{{citation needed|date= September 2022}} He was [[Master of Arts|M.A.]] In geography ([[Gold medal|Gold Medalist]]), an [[Bachelor of Laws|LL.B.]] and a [[Doctor of Philosophy|PhD]]. He died on 24 January 2019.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Prof. Majid Husain |url=https://jmi.ac.in/upload/employeeresume/mhusain_geo.pdf |access-date=9 July 2025 |website=Jamia Millia Islamia}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Bibliography==<br /> {{unreferenced section|date= September 2022}}<br /> [[Bibliography]]:&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=ThriftBooks |title=Majid Husain Books {{!}} List of books by author Majid Husain |url=https://www.thriftbooks.com/a/majid-husain/1222840/ |access-date=2025-06-25 |website=ThriftBooks |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * ''Models in Geography''<br /> * ''Environment and Ecology: Biodiversity, Climate Change and Disaster Management''<br /> * ''Indian and World Geography''<br /> * ''Geography of India''<br /> * ''Human Geography''<br /> * ''Paryavaran Evam Paristhithiki 5e''<br /> * ''Environment and Ecology: Objective Environment''<br /> * ''Indian Map Entries in Geography For Civil Services Main Examination''<br /> * ''Environment and Ecology: Biodiversity, Climate Change and Disaster Management For Civil Services Examination''<br /> * ''Vasthunisht Paryavaran Evam''<br /> * ''Indian Map Entries For Civil Services Examination''<br /> * ''Geography of India - 9th edition''<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> == External links ==<br /> <br /> * [http://pragatiias.com/about_us2.php] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160309153639/http://pragatiias.com/about_us2.php |date=9 March 2016 }}<br /> * [http://www.flipkart.com/search?q=majid%20hussain%20geography&amp;as=on&amp;as-show=on&amp;otracker=start&amp;as-pos=1_q_maji]<br /> * https://www.okhlatimes.com/jamia-millia-death/<br /> {{Authority control}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Husain, Majid}}<br /> [[Category:1940 births]]<br /> [[Category:Indian geographers]]<br /> [[Category:Geomorphologists]]<br /> [[Category:Indian male writers]]<br /> [[Category:Aligarh Muslim University alumni]]<br /> [[Category:People from Roorkee]]<br /> [[Category:2019 deaths]]<br /> [[Category:20th-century Indian earth scientists]]<br /> [[Category:Scientists from Uttarakhand]]<br /> <br /> {{India-academic-bio-stub}}<br /> {{Geographer-stub}}</div>

Vinay https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nagendra_Prasad_Sarbadhikari&diff=464111 2026-02-08T18:00:16Z

<p>Vinay: fixed information for consistency and fixed typos</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Known for introducing football in India}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=January 2019}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=January 2019}}<br /> {{Infobox person<br /> | name = Nagendra Prasad Sarbadhikari<br /> |native_name = নাগেন্দ্র প্রসাদ সর্বাধিকারী<br /> | image = Nagendra-Prasad-Sarbadhikary.jpg<br /> | alias = Father Of Indian Football <br /> | alma_mater = [[Hare School]]&lt;ref name=&quot;sportycious.com&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Nagendra Prasad Sarbadhikari: The Unsung Face Behind Indian Football|url=https://sportycious.com/nagendra-prasad-sarbadhikari-959391|access-date=2021-02-02|website=sportycious|archive-date=16 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210116093644/https://sportycious.com/nagendra-prasad-sarbadhikari-959391|first=Ava|last=Brown|date=13 August 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | birth_date = {{Birth date|1869|08|27|df=yes}}<br /> | birth_place = [[Calcutta]], [[Bengal Presidency]], [[British India]]&lt;br /&gt;(present-day [[Kolkata]], [[West Bengal]], [[India]])<br /> | death_date = {{Death date and age|1940|01|17|1869|08|06|df=yes}}<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Nagendra Prasad Sarbadhikary'''&lt;ref name=&quot;The Pioneers&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|first=Somnath|last=Sengupta|url=http://www.thehardtackle.com/2012/legends-of-indian-football-the-pioneers/|title=Legends Of Indian Football : The Pioneers|website=thehardtackle.com|publisher=The Hard Tackle|date=24 April 2012|access-date=20 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171026053626/http://www.thehardtackle.com/2012/legends-of-indian-football-the-pioneers/|archive-date=26 October 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Passion Play in Kolkata|url=http://forbesindia.com/printcontent/31062|access-date=9 July 2014|website=forbesindia.com|publisher=Forbes India Magazine|archive-date=14 July 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714174749/http://forbesindia.com/printcontent/31062}}&lt;/ref&gt; (also '''Sarbadhikari'''; {{langx|bn|নাগেন্দ্র প্রসাদ সর্বাধিকারী (বসু)}}; 1869–1940) was an Indian educationist, sports administrator and football pioneer. He is widely regarded as the &quot;Father of Indian Football&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last=Majumdar, Boria |first=Bandyopadhyay, Kausik |date=1 February 2006 |title=Goalless: The Story of a Unique Footballing Nation |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i55oAAAACAAJ |location=[[New Delhi]] |publisher=[[Penguin Books|Penguin India]] |isbn=9780670058747 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220408140616/https://books.google.co.in/books/about/Goalless_the_Story_of_a_Unique_Footballi.html?id=i55oAAAACAAJ&amp;redir_esc=y |archive-date=8 April 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.parabaas.com/article.php?id=2610|title=গ্রন্থ-সমালোচনা: ইস্টবেঙ্গল প্রথম একশো বছর, সংবাদ-সাময়িকপত্রে উনিশ শতকের বাঙালি মুসলমান সমাজ, বাঙালি অনতিঅতীতচারণ, স্যর দুখীরাম|first=Bhababhuti|last=Bhattacharya|website=parabaas.com|publisher=Parabaas|language=bn|trans-title=Book Review: East Bengal First Hundred Years, Nineteenth Century Bengali Muslim Society in Newspapers, Bengali Transcendentalism, Sir Dukhiram|location=Kolkata|agency=|date=27 January 2021|access-date=20 October 2022|archive-date=24 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220124014017/https://www.parabaas.com/article.php?id=2610}}&lt;/ref&gt; for his role in founding the first Indian football organisations after introducing the sport to his classmates at [[Hare School]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=FOOTBALL IN BENGAL|url=http://ifawb.com/archives.php|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160306042849/http://www.ifawb.com/archives.php|archive-date=6 March 2016|access-date=14 January 2021|publisher=The [[Indian Football Association]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Football|url=https://wbsportsandyouth.gov.in/football|access-date=14 January 2021|publisher=West Bengal Youth and Sports Department, Government of West Bengal|archive-date=15 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210115153057/https://wbsportsandyouth.gov.in/football}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |title=Football in Bengali culture and society: a study in the social history of football in Bengal 1911–1980 |url=https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/174532 |publisher=University of Calcutta |website=[[Shodhganga]] |page=35 |last=Bandyopadhyay |first=Kausik |date=2008 |hdl=10603/174532 |access-date=7 October 2022 |archive-date=7 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221007174156/https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/174532 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Early life and family==<br /> Sarbadhikari was born on 27 August 1869 in [[Calcutta]] (now [[Kolkata]], [[West Bengal]]), [[India]] into the renowned ''[[Sarbadhikari]]'' family, Kulin Kayastha (Bose) family originally hailing from [[Radhanagore|Radhanagar]] ([[Khanakul]]) situated in [[Hooghly district]].&lt;ref name=&quot;ghosh461&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Abhidhan&quot;&gt;{{cite book|first=Subal Chandra|last=Mitra|url=https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B73V76n-xz5zeE53cHJkU2NjTWc/view?usp=sharing|title=Saral Bangla Abhidhan — Bengali Encyclopaedia 7th edition|pages=1285–1286|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161011091101/https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B73V76n-xz5zeE53cHJkU2NjTWc/view?usp=sharing|archive-date=11 October 2016|publisher=New Bengal Press|year=1936|access-date=9 October 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; His father was Brigadier, Rai Bahadur Dr. Surya Kumar Sarbadhikari (1832–1904),&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.sangbadekalavya.in/2020/01/golondaj-footbal-bio-pic.html?m=1|title=প্রথম যে বাঙালি ফুটবলে 'কিক' মেরেছিলেন- তাঁর বায়োপিকে দেব|access-date=9 October 2020|archive-date=10 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201010201958/https://www.sangbadekalavya.in/2020/01/golondaj-footbal-bio-pic.html?m=1|language=bn|website=sangbadekalavya.in}}&lt;/ref&gt; a surgeon who served during the Sepoy Mutiny or [[Indian Rebellion of 1857]] against the rule of the [[East India Company]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|first=Amrita Lal|last=Sircar|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CdlXAAAAMAAJ&amp;dq=rai+surya+kumar+sarbadhikari&amp;pg=PA63|title=The Calcutta Journal of Medicine: Vol. 24 Issue 2|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160522131532/https://books.google.com/books?id=CdlXAAAAMAAJ&amp;pg=PA63&amp;lpg=PA63&amp;dq=rai+surya+kumar+sarbadhikari&amp;source=bl&amp;ots=7XYxqk5Uh0&amp;sig=bmCaMqH4GTjR1SoD24QGtFfu1Oo&amp;hl=en&amp;sa=X&amp;ved=0CCIQ6AEwAWoVChMIqYPplP7xxwIVx0WICh2gwA6h#v=onepage&amp;q=rai%20surya%20kumar%20sarbadhikari&amp;f=false|archive-date=22 May 2016|publisher=P. Sircar &amp; Sons|date=1905|access-date=9 October 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The Sarbadhikari family was founded during the early 15th century by ''Sureshwar Bosu of Choa'' (&quot;Choa&quot; is a village situated in [[Murshidabad district]] of present-day [[West Bengal]]), who was appointed Governor of Orissa province with the hereditary title of &quot;[[Sarbadhikari]]&quot; by the Imperial Court of Delhi.&lt;ref&gt;[https://archive.org/stream/secondsupplement00luckrich#page/16/mode/2up &quot;Second supplement to Who's who in India &amp;#91;microform&amp;#93; : brought up to 1914&quot;] (page 16), ''Newul Kishore Press'', June 1914. Retrieved 9 October 2020.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> He had 7 brothers and 2 sisters. Of the brothers, the names of [[Sir]] Deb Prasad Sarbadhikari who became Vice Chancellor of the [[University of Calcutta]] (1914–1918),&lt;ref&gt;[https://archive.org/stream/secondsupplement00luckrich#page/122/mode/2up &quot;Second supplement to Who's who in India &amp;#91;microform&amp;#93; : brought up to 1914&quot;], ''Newul Kishore Press'', June 1914. Retrieved 9 October 2020.&lt;/ref&gt; and Suresh Prasad Sarbadhikari (1866–1921), an eminent surgeon of British India who organized the Bengal Ambulance Corps to serve in the Mesopotamia War during [[World War I]], and managed the Carmichael Medical College &amp; Hospital, Calcutta (now R.G. Kar Medical College &amp; Hospital) with [[Dr. Radha Gobinda Kar]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Dadoo&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|title=Suresh Prasad Sarbadhikari, B.A., M.D., C.I.E|journal=British Medical Journal|date=11 June 1921|volume=1 |issue=3154 |page=878|doi=10.1136/bmj.1.3154.878-a |pmc=2415221 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|first=Heike|last=Liebau|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TgNh2MQu0R0C&amp;pg=PA360|title=The World in World Wars|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160610161009/https://books.google.com/books?id=TgNh2MQu0R0C&amp;pg=PA360|archive-date=10 June 2016|publisher=Brill Publishers|date=2010|isbn=978-90-04-18545-6 |access-date=9 October 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|first1=K. P.|last1=Thomas|url=https://drive.google.com/open?id=0B73V76n-xz5zSEM4QndJd2xwX1k|title=Dr. B. C. Roy|page=130|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220706165914/https://accounts.google.com/_/bscframe|archive-date=6 July 2022|first2=Atulya|last2=Ghosh|date=1955|access-date=9 October 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;ghosh461&quot;&gt;{{cite book|first=Birendra|last=Ghosh|url=https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B73V76n-xz5zV3ZkeEZJUmJFU0E/view?usp=sharing|title=Suresh Prasad Sarbadhikari (Volume II, Issue 3)|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201010185953/https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B73V76n-xz5zV3ZkeEZJUmJFU0E/view?usp=sharing|archive-date=10 October 2020|publisher=Bharatbarsha – Bengali Magazine|date=1930|pages=461–466|access-date=9 October 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; can be mentioned.<br /> <br /> He was married to princess Krishnakamalini, daughter of Raja Ananda Krishna Deb, belonging to the [[Sovabazar Raj|Sovabazar Raj family]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Radio Bangla&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://banglaamarpran.in/the-untold-story-of-father-of-indian-football-nagendra-prasad-sarbadhikari|title=ভারতীয় ফুটবলের জনক তিনি,আমরা কি মনে রেখেছি নগেন্দ্রপ্রসাদ সর্বাধিকারীকে?|website=banglaamarpran.in|access-date=4 April 2022|archive-date=27 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200827204223/https://banglaamarpran.in/the-untold-story-of-father-of-indian-football-nagendra-prasad-sarbadhikari/|language=bn|date=27 August 2020|first=Avik|last=Mondal}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Works and activities==<br /> It was Nagendra Prasad who taught the game to his classmates at the Hare School compound in 1877,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=History in Timeline of Indian Football|url=https://www.the-aiff.com/history|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200308124507/http://www.the-aiff.com/history|archive-date=8 March 2020|access-date=2021-02-15|website=All India Football Federation}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.chaseyoursport.com/Football/The-Golden-Years-of-Indian-Football/659|title=The Golden Years of Indian Football|website=www.chaseyoursport.com|publisher=Chase Your Sport|location=Kolkata|first=Rounak|last=Majumdar|date=22 April 2019|access-date=28 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201107230046/https://www.chaseyoursport.com/Football/The-Golden-Years-of-Indian-Football/659|archive-date=7 November 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; after he observed British soldiers playing the game in the ground of [[Calcutta FC]] while he's paasing near by road in a horse chariot.&lt;ref name=&quot;sportycious.com&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://lifestyle.livemint.com/news/talking-point/how-football-kicked-off-in-india-111645287939737.html|title=How football kicked off in India {{!}} As with the English language, when the British transported the sport to India, they didn't expect the 'natives' to beat them at it|website=lifestyle.livemint.com|publisher=[[Mint (newspaper)|Livemint Delhi]]|date=8 June 2018|access-date=27 January 2022|first=Manu S|last=Pillai|location=Delhi, India|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220714153151/https://lifestyle.livemint.com/news/talking-point/how-football-kicked-off-in-india-111645287939737.html|archive-date=14 July 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/mad-about-football/articleshow/102933485.cms|title=Mad about football|access-date=22 February 2024|date=22 August 2023|agency=TNN|website=timesofindia.indiatimes.com|publisher=[[The Times of India]]|location=Kolkata|first1=Nilesh|last1=Bhattacharya|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230823180930/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/mad-about-football/articleshow/102933485.cms|archive-date=23 August 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt; He then convinced his friends about the game and bought a ball from Messrs Manton &amp; Co. in [[Bowbazar]], and was later assisted and guided by professor of the [[Presidency College, Kolkata|Presidency College]], G. A. Stack.&lt;ref name=&quot;The Bridge&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://thebridge.in/featured/nagendra-prasad-the-father-indian-football-removed-prejudice-indian-sports/|title=Nagendra Prasad — The father of Indian football who removed prejudice from the sport|website=thebridge.in|publisher=The Bridge|date=25 January 2020|access-date=24 October 2022|first=Sarah|last=Waris|location=Kolkata|archive-date=24 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221024082132/https://thebridge.in/amp/featured/nagendra-prasad-the-father-indian-football-removed-prejudice-indian-sports/}}&lt;/ref&gt; Thus, attracted by the enthusiasm of the boys, the European teachers of the school and adjacent colleges encouraged Nagendra Prasad and his companions to promote the game among other students in and around [[Kolkata|Calcutta]]. The very next day Nagendra and his friends started playing football on school premises. The Boys' Club, founded by Nagendra Prasad in 1880,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://m.thewire.in/article/history/a-cricket-match-in-bengals-chinsurah-and-its-fascinating-connection-to-the-1857-revolt|title=A Cricket Match in Bengal's Chinsurah and its Fascinating Connection to the 1857 Revolt|first1=Sarbajit|last1=Mitra|website=thewire.in|publisher=The Wire|location=Kolkata|date=22 October 2023|access-date=24 October 2023|archive-date=22 October 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231022083154/https://m.thewire.in/article/history/a-cricket-match-in-bengals-chinsurah-and-its-fascinating-connection-to-the-1857-revolt}}&lt;/ref&gt; along with his royal friend Nagendra Mullick around this time, was the first Indian initiative to create a football organization.&lt;ref&gt;Dutta, P. L., ''Memoir of 'Father of Indian Football' Nagendraprasad Sarbadhikary'' (Calcutta: N. P. Sarbadhikary Memorial Committee, 1944) (hereafter Memoir)&lt;br /&gt;Ghosh, Saurindra Kumar. ''Krira Samrat Nagendraprasad Sarbadhikary 1869–1940'' (Calcutta: N. P. Sarbadhikary Memorial Committee, 1963) (hereafter Krira Samrat).&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Later, he formed a string of sporting clubs in Calcutta in the 1880s, one of the first being the Wellington Club in 1884.&lt;ref name=&quot;breathingroots.co.in&quot;&gt;{{cite web |last1=Mukherjee |first1=Anita |title=MOHUN BAGAN VILLA – GONE, BUT NOT FORGOTTEN |url=https://breathingroots.co.in/2020/10/10/mohun-bagan-villa-gone-but-not-forgotten/ |website=Breathing Roots |date=10 July 2021 |access-date=5 May 2022 |archive-date=3 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221003050014/https://breathingroots.co.in/2020/10/10/mohun-bagan-villa-gone-but-not-forgotten/ }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;thehardtackle.com&quot;&gt;{{cite web |last1=Sengupta |first1=Somnath |title=History Of Mohun Bagan (Part 1): The Success That Changed Indian Football |url=http://www.thehardtackle.com/2010/history-of-mohun-bagan-chapter-1-the-origin-and-the-success-that-changed-indian-football/ |website=The Hard Tackle |date=2 May 2010 |access-date=5 May 2022 |archive-date=25 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211025110131/http://www.thehardtackle.com/2010/history-of-mohun-bagan-chapter-1-the-origin-and-the-success-that-changed-indian-football/ }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://icetoday.net/2018/07/kick-score-scream-the-history-of-football-in-dhaka/|title=Kick, Score, Scream! The History of Football in Dhaka|first=Dhrubo|last=Alam|location=Dhaka|date=16 July 2018|publisher=Ice Today|access-date=6 October 2022|archive-date=1 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191101015051/http://icetoday.net/2018/07/kick-score-scream-the-history-of-football-in-dhaka/}}&lt;/ref&gt; Wellington Club was formed as merger of all three of his own clubs: Boys Club, Friends Club, and Presidency Club.&lt;ref name=&quot;Radio Bangla&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://radiobanglanet.com/golondaaj-dev-dhrubo-banerjee-director/|title=বাঙালির ফুটবল প্রেমকে উস্কে দিয়ে|trans-title=By inciting Bengali's love of football|website=radiobanglanet.com|publisher=Radio Bangla Net|date=10 October 2021|access-date=21 October 2022|first=Swati|location=Kolkata|language=bn|last=Chatterjee|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211019024354/https://radiobanglanet.com/golondaaj-dev-dhrubo-banerjee-director/|archive-date=19 October 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; India's first football coach [[Dukhiram Majumder]] also played for his club.&lt;ref name=&quot;Radio Bangla&quot;/&gt; Moni Das was one of the first members to be inducted by Nagendra Prasad to the Wellington Club, but the other members of the club protested about playing with this man as he was from the lower caste.&lt;ref name=&quot;Radio Bangla&quot;/&gt; Sarbadhikary said that a sporting ground is beyond any prejudice, but after the members' continued protest, he chose to dismantle the Wellington Club. Soon after, 500 members left and Nagendra Prasad founded the Sovabazar Club in 1887, which would become one of the leading sports institutions of colonial India.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.prothomalo.com/sports/football/%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A4-%E0%A6%AF%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8-%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%9B%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B2-%E0%A6%96%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF-%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE%E0%A7%9F%E0%A7%87|title=ভারত যেদিন নেমেছিল খালি পায়ে... [The day India landed barefoot ...]|website=www.prothomalo.com|publisher=[[Prothom Alo]]|date=1 August 2018|access-date=4 April 2022|first=Mehedi|last=Hassan|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220404094319/https://www.prothomalo.com/sports/football/%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A4-%E0%A6%AF%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8-%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%9B%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B2-%E0%A6%96%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF-%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE%E0%A7%9F%E0%A7%87|archive-date=4 April 2022|language=bn}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.themohunbaganac.com/timeline/the-beginning-of-the-journey-1889-1903/|title=The first &quot;Home Ground&quot; of the Club on the spacious ground of Mohun Bagan Villa: 1889–1903|website=themohunbaganac.com|publisher=Mohun Bagan Athletic Club|access-date=26 October 2022|location=Kolkata|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221026104426/https://www.themohunbaganac.com/timeline/the-beginning-of-the-journey-1889-1903/|archive-date=26 October 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://wbsportsandyouth.gov.in/chronology|title=Chronology of Important Sports Events — West Bengal|website=wbsportsandyouth.gov.in|publisher=Government of West Bengal – Department of youth services and sports|date=2017|access-date=25 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221013092944/https://wbsportsandyouth.gov.in/chronology|archive-date=13 October 2022|location=Kolkata}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=When Swami Vivekananda claimed seven wickets and other Eden Gardens tales|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/sport/cricket/2019/may/04/when-swami-vivekananda-claimed-seven-wickets-and-other-eden-gardens-tales-1972482.html|access-date=17 November 2021|website=newindianexpress.com|agency=Express News Service|date=4 May 2019|location=Kolkata|first1=Atreyo|last1=Mukhopadhyay|publisher=The New Indian Express|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230416020605/https://www.newindianexpress.com/sport/cricket/2019/may/04/when-swami-vivekananda-claimed-seven-wickets-and-other-eden-gardens-tales-1972482.html|archive-date=16 April 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt; The club was later patronized by both the Shobhabazar Raj and [[Cooch Behar State]], and participated in tournaments like [[Trades Cup]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://samakal.com/opinion/article/2207124048/%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B7%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%99%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF-%E0%A6%AB%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%B2-%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A5%E0%A6%AE-%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%9F|title=ইংরেজের বিপক্ষে বাঙালি ফুটবল দলের প্রথম বিজয়|trans-title=The first victory of Bengali football team against Britishers|website=samakal.com|publisher=সমকাল বাংলা|date=29 July 2022|access-date=21 October 2022|location=Dhaka|author=Ikramujjaman|language=bn|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220729112358/https://samakal.com/opinion/article/2207124048/%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B7%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%99%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF-%E0%A6%AB%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%B2-%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A5%E0%A6%AE-%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%9F|archive-date=29 July 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; The first member of this new club was Moni Das. Das later captained the [[Mohun Bagan AC]], yet another legendary institution of sports in India, in colonial and post-colonial era. Sarbadhikari's close friend Kalicharan Mittir (also 'Mitra') later captained as well as became an official of Sovabazar Club.&lt;ref name=&quot;The Pioneers&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://inscript.me/how-east-bengal-mohun-bagan-became-rival-history-of-west-bengal-club-football-by-ayan-bhattacharya-robibarer-royak|title=বাংলা ভাগের ক্ষত কিভাবে বিষিয়ে দিল মোহনবাগান আর ইস্টবেঙ্গলকে?|trans-title=How did the wound of the partition of Bengal poisoned both Mohun Bagan and East Bengal?|first1=Ayan|last1=Bhattacharya|archive-date=7 November 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231107163804/https://inscript.me/how-east-bengal-mohun-bagan-became-rival-history-of-west-bengal-club-football-by-ayan-bhattacharya-robibarer-royak|website=inscript.me|publisher=ইনস্ক্রিপ্ট বাংলা নিউজ|location=Kolkata|language=bn|date=10 September 2023|access-date=7 November 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt; Thus a man from the lower caste, through footballing process and sport broke into the upper echelons of the Hindu society.&lt;ref name=&quot;The Pioneers&quot;/&gt; He also founded the Howrah Sporting Club in [[Howrah]] in association with Bama Charan Kundu.&lt;ref name=&quot;The Bridge&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> In 1892, his team Sovabazar emerged as the first Indian side to win a match against a British team, when they defeated the [[East Surrey Regiment]] with the score of 2–1 in the opening match of 1892 Trades Cup.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |title=India's Football Dream |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-V6HDwAAQBAJ&amp;q=national+association+manmatha+ganguly |publisher=SAGE Publications India |last1=Sharma |first1=Nikhil Paramjit |last2=Gupta |first2=Shantanu |date=4 February 2019 |access-date=4 October 2022 |archive-date=4 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221004041830/https://books.google.com/books?id=-V6HDwAAQBAJ&amp;dq=national+association+manmatha+ganguly&amp;source=gbs_navlinks_s |isbn=9789353283063 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Nagendra Prasad Sarbadhikari – The first visionary of Indian football|url=https://www.footballparadise.com/nagendra-prasad-sarbadhikari-the-first-visionary-of-indian-football/|website=Football Paradise|last=Sengupta|first=Somnath|date=25 November 2019|access-date=26 September 2022|archive-date=22 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220922065949/https://www.footballparadise.com/nagendra-prasad-sarbadhikari-the-first-visionary-of-indian-football/}}&lt;/ref&gt; The club thus became the first Indian team to win a match in Trades Cup. They again (then managed by Manmatha Ganguly) defeated a British side Shibpur Engineering College on 11 August 1900 at their home ground.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|title=From recreation to competition: Early history of Indian football|url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14660970500106295?journalCode=fsas20|journal=Soccer &amp; Society|date=6 August 2006| volume=6 | issue=2–3 | pages=124–141 | doi=10.1080/14660970500106295 | s2cid=216817948 |access-date=26 September 2022|archive-date=9 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709181632/https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14660970500106295?journalCode=fsas20|url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Football as an instrument of Nationalism in colonial Bengal- Part 2|url=https://www.footballcounter.com/2015/football-as-an-instrument-of-nationalism-in-colonial-bengal/|website=Football Counter|last=Banerjee|first=Ankan|date=15 April 2015|access-date=26 September 2022|archive-date=16 February 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160216042218/http://www.footballcounter.com/2015/football-as-an-instrument-of-nationalism-in-colonial-bengal/}}&lt;/ref&gt; His proposals to both the British representatives and club officials of Calcutta for arranging tournaments in organized manner, was one of the driving forces behind the foundation of [[Indian Football Association]] (IFA) in 1892.&lt;ref name=&quot;The Bridge&quot;/&gt; His Sovabazar Club later won Asanullah Cup in Decca in 1916, beating star-studded [[Mohun Bagan AC|Mohun Bagan]] in final.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://mohunbagangorbo.com/mohun-bagan-ac/legends-corner/indian-players/umapati-kumar/|title=Mohun Bagan Athletic Club: Umapati Kumar|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160428162211/http://mohunbagangorbo.com/mohun-bagan-ac/legends-corner/indian-players/umapati-kumar/|archive-date=28 April 2016|access-date=26 January 2015|website=mohunbagangorbo.com|location=Kolkata}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Sarbadhikari's contributions to the game during the age of associations in [[Bengal]] in late 19th century, influenced others like [[Dukhiram Majumder]], Haridas Seal, Manmatha Ganguly involving in football and popularizing it among the masses.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://ifawb.org/nagendra-prasad-sarbadhikari/|title=IFAWB: Nagendra Prasad Sarbadhikari|access-date=23 October 2022|location=Kolkata|publisher=[[Indian Football Association]]|website=ifawb.org|archive-date=22 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220922044307/https://ifawb.org/nagendra-prasad-sarbadhikari/}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://meghbangla.com/2020/07/mohunbagan/|title=মোহনবাগান এবং ভারতীয় ফুটবলের শুরুর কথা|trans-title=Mohun Bagan and the beginning of Indian football|website=meghbangla.com|publisher=Megh Bangla Internet Magazine|date=29 July 2020|access-date=24 October 2022|first=Goutamranjan|last=Basu|language=bn|location=Kolkata|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220405175744/https://meghbangla.com/2020/07/mohunbagan/|archive-date=5 April 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=The Beginning – 1889 to 1909 |url=http://www.mohunbaganclub.com/history/history-1889-1909/ |website=Mohun Bagan Athletic Club |access-date=5 May 2022 |archive-date=5 May 2015 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20150505103851/http://www.mohunbaganclub.com/history/history-1889-1909/ }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;breathingroots.co.in&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.sillypoint.co.in/post/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%AB%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A5%E0%A6%AE-'%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%9F'--%E0%A6%AB%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%96%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE-%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0/id/kOpqLOAmVzO0ia7T0rhE|title=বাংলার ফুটবলে প্রথম 'স্কাউট': ফুটবলার গড়ার কারিগর দুখীরাম মজুমদার|trans-title=Bengal's first 'scout' in football: Dukhiram Majumdar, the craftsman of making footballers|website=www.sillypoint.co.in|publisher=Silly Point|date=24 August 2022|access-date=21 October 2022|first=Mrinalini|location=Kolkata|language=bn|last=Ghoshal|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221021175746/https://www.sillypoint.co.in/post/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%AB%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A5%E0%A6%AE-%27%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%9F%27--%E0%A6%AB%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%96%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE-%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0/id/kOpqLOAmVzO0ia7T0rhE|archive-date=21 October 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;thehardtackle.com&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> ==In popular culture==<br /> <br /> Based on Sarbadhikari's life, a Bengali biographical film titled ''[[Golondaaj]]'' (Goal is the target), directed by Dhrubo Banerjee and produced by [[Shree Venkatesh Films]], was released on October 10, 2021, in which Bengali actor [[Dev (Bengali actor)|Dev]] appeared in the lead role of The Father Of Indian Football. The football league [[LaLiga]] shared a poster of Golandaaj featuring [[Robert Lewandowski]] honoring the legend.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |author1=Akriti Anand |title=Golondaaj: First Look Of Dev Adhikari As Nagendra Prasad Sarbadhikari Released; Shoot Starts Today |url=https://www.spotboye.com/bengali/bengali-news/golondaaj-first-look-of-dev-adhikari-as-nagendra-prasad-sarbadhikari-released-shoot-starts-today/5e3a86af8ee95c626732c733 |accessdate=5 February 2020 |publisher=spotboye.com |date=5 February 2020 |archive-date=5 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200205190521/https://www.spotboye.com/bengali/bengali-news/golondaaj-first-look-of-dev-adhikari-as-nagendra-prasad-sarbadhikari-released-shoot-starts-today/5e3a86af8ee95c626732c733 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://zeenews.india.com/bengali/entertainment/devs-golondaj-motion-poster-is-out-now_297929.html|title='গোলন্দাজ' দেব, প্রকাশ্যে ছবির মোশন পোস্টার|date=26 January 2020|trans-title='Golandaj' Dev, Film's Motion Poster Revealed|website=Zee24Ghanta.com|language=bn|access-date=5 February 2020|archive-date=5 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200205195443/https://zeenews.india.com/bengali/entertainment/devs-golondaj-motion-poster-is-out-now_297929.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=an&gt;{{Cite web|last1=সংবাদদাতা |first1=নিজস্ব |title=সামনে এলেন নগেন্দ্রপ্রসাদ|url=https://www.anandabazar.com/entertainment/dev-s-new-look-as-nagendraprasad-in-upcoming-movie-golondaj-1.1104579|trans-title=New Nagendraprasad unveiled|access-date=20 February 2021|website=abandabazar.com|publisher=আনন্দবাজার পত্রিকা|archive-date=20 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210220060932/https://www.anandabazar.com/entertainment/dev-s-new-look-as-nagendraprasad-in-upcoming-movie-golondaj-1.1104579|language=bn|location=Kolkata}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|first1=Utathya|last1=Nag|title='Golondaaj' Nagendra Prasad Sarbadhikari: the father of Indian football|url=https://olympics.com/en/featured-news/nagendra-prasad-sarbadhikari-father-of-indian-football|date=1 November 2021|access-date=6 September 2021|website=Olympics.com|archive-date=6 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210806144939/https://olympics.com/en/featured-news/nagendra-prasad-sarbadhikari-father-of-indian-football}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=নগেন্দ্র প্রসাদ সর্বাধিকারীর জীবনের জানা-অজানা কাহিনী লেন্সবন্দি|url=https://eisamay.com/entertainment/film-review/golondaaj-movie-review-superstar-dev-gives-brilliant-performance-as-father-of-indian-football-nagendra-prasad-sarbadhikari/moviereview/86925875.cms|access-date=21 October 2021|trans-title=Nagendra Prasad Sarbadhikari's known-and-unknown life stories captured by lens|website=eisamay.com|date=11 October 2021 |publisher=এই সময়|language=bn|archive-date=11 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211011133317/https://eisamay.com/entertainment/film-review/golondaaj-movie-review-superstar-dev-gives-brilliant-performance-as-father-of-indian-football-nagendra-prasad-sarbadhikari/moviereview/86925875.cms}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Ishaa Saha's picnic misadventure |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movies/news/ishaa-sahas-picnic-misadventure/articleshow/73694566.cms |access-date=5 February 2020 |website=timesofindia.indiatimes.com |publisher=[[The Times of India]] |date=28 January 2020 |first1=Ruman |last1=Ganguly |archive-date=4 December 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201204221502/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movies/news/ishaa-sahas-picnic-misadventure/articleshow/73694566.cms |location=Kolkata }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> {{Portal|India|Biography|Association football}}<br /> *[[Football in India]]<br /> *[[History of Indian football]]<br /> *[[Football in Kolkata]]<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==Bibliography==<br /> *{{cite book |last1=Majumdar |first1=Boria |last2=Mangan |first2=J. A. |title=Sport in South Asian Society: Past and Present |date=13 September 2013 |publisher=Routledge |location=Oxford |isbn=978-1-317-99894-5 |page=117 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sWfdAAAAQBAJ&amp;dq=history+of+the+Bengal+Championships+tennis&amp;pg=PA117 |language=en |access-date=29 January 2023 |archive-date=3 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231103142845/https://books.google.com/books?id=sWfdAAAAQBAJ&amp;dq=history+of+the+Bengal+Championships+tennis&amp;pg=PA117#v=onepage&amp;q=history%20of%20the%20Bengal%20Championships%20tennis&amp;f=false }}<br /> *{{cite book |last1=Mitra | first1=Soumen |date=1 January 2006 |title=In Search of an Identity: The History of Football in Colonial Calcutta |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fZbgPgAACAAJ |publisher=Dasgupta &amp; Co. Private Ltd. |location=Kolkata |isbn=978-8182110229 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221021163751/https://books.google.co.in/books/about/In_Search_of_an_Identity.html?id=fZbgPgAACAAJ&amp;redir_esc=y |archive-date=21 October 2022 }}<br /> *Roselli, John. ''Self Image of Effeteness: Physical Education and Nationalism in Nineteenth Century Bengal''. [[Past &amp; Present (journal)]]. 86 (February 1980). p.&amp;nbsp;121–48.<br /> *Sinha, Mrinalini. ''Colonial Masculinity, The Manly Englishman and the Effeminate Bengali in the Late Nineteenth Century'' ([[Manchester]]: [[Manchester University Press]], 1995).<br /> *{{cite book|first1=Boria|last1=Majumdar|first2=Kausik|last2=Bandyopadhyay|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=V-sMYjZkpigC&amp;pg=PA69|title=A Social History Of Indian Football: Striving To Score|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210629140637/https://books.google.com/books?id=V-sMYjZkpigC&amp;pg=PA69|archive-date=29 June 2021|publisher=[[Routledge]]|date=2006|isbn=9780415348355}}<br /> *{{cite book |author=Kausik Bandyopadhyay |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uuYJEAAAQBAJ&amp;q=Shiv+Kumar+Lal+aiff |title=Scoring Off the Field: Football Culture in Bengal, 1911–80 |publisher=Taylor &amp; Francis |date=29 November 2020 |isbn=9781000084054 |access-date=1 March 2023 |archive-date=7 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230307064545/https://books.google.com/books?id=uuYJEAAAQBAJ&amp;q=Shiv+Kumar+Lal+aiff }}<br /> *{{cite journal |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14660970500106410?journalCode=fsas20 |title=Regionalism and club domination: Growth of rival centres of footballing excellence |publisher=Taylor &amp; Francis |date=6 August 2006 |access-date=1 March 2023 |archive-date=1 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230301202832/https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14660970500106410?journalCode=fsas20 |journal=Soccer &amp; Society |volume=6:2–3 |issue=2–3 |pages=227–256 |doi=10.1080/14660970500106410 |s2cid=216862171 |url-access=subscription }}<br /> *{{cite book|first1=Jaydeep|last1=Basu|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QeovtKLi-1sC|title=Stories from Indian Football|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221011131939/https://books.google.co.in/books/about/Stories_from_Indian_Football.html?id=QeovtKLi-1sC&amp;source=kp_book_description&amp;redir_esc=y|archive-date=11 October 2022|publisher=UBS Publishers' Distributors|date=2003|isbn=9788174764546}}<br /> *{{Cite journal |last1=Bolsmann |first1=Chris |last2=Vahed |first2=Goolam |date=2017-11-02 |title='They Are Fine Specimens of the Illustrious Indian Settler': Sporting Contact between India and South Africa, 1914–1955 |url=https://cogentoa.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03057070.2017.1379689 |journal=Journal of Southern African Studies |volume=43 |issue=6 |pages=1273–1291 |doi=10.1080/03057070.2017.1379689 |s2cid=148862123 |issn=0305-7070 |access-date=5 May 2022 |archive-date=3 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221003050545/https://cogentoa.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03057070.2017.1379689?cookieSet=1 |url-access=subscription }}<br /> *{{cite web|url=https://lifestyle.livemint.com/news/talking-point/how-football-kicked-off-in-india-111645287939737.html|title=How football kicked off in India|website=lifestyle.livemint.com|publisher=[[Mint (newspaper)|Livemint Delhi]]|date=8 June 2018|access-date=27 January 2022|first=Manu S|last=Pillai|location=Delhi, India|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220714153151/https://lifestyle.livemint.com/news/talking-point/how-football-kicked-off-in-india-111645287939737.html|archive-date=14 July 2022}}<br /> *Chatterjee, Partha. ''The Nation and Its Fragments: Colonial and Post-colonial Histories'' (Calcutta: [[Oxford University Press]], 1995).<br /> *{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QbUFaAEACAAJ|title=History of Indian Football: Upto 2009–10|first=Nirmal|last=Nath|year=2011|publisher=Readers Service|isbn=9788187891963|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220722172604/https://books.google.co.in/books/about/History_of_Indian_Football.html?id=QbUFaAEACAAJ&amp;source=kp_book_description&amp;redir_esc=y|archive-date=22 July 2022}}<br /> *{{cite book |last1=Kapadia |first1=Novy |year=2017|title=Barefoot to Boots: The Many Lives of Indian Football |publisher=Penguin Random House |isbn=978-0-143-42641-7 }}<br /> *{{cite book |last1=Martinez| first1=Dolores |last2=Mukharjiim |first2=Projit B|year=2009|title=Football: From England to the World: The Many Lives of Indian Football |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nbzhAQAAQBAJ&amp;q=kerala+footballer+in+Burma |publisher=[[Routledge]] |isbn=978-1-138-88353-6 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220702174505/https://books.google.co.in/books?id=nbzhAQAAQBAJ&amp;dq=kerala+footballer+in+Burma&amp;source=gbs_navlinks_s |archive-date=2 July 2022 }}<br /> *{{cite book|title=Soccer in South Asia: Empire, Nation, Diaspora|year=2001|publisher=Frank Cass Publishers|location=[[London]], United Kingdom|isbn=978-0-7146-8170-2|last1=Dineo|first1=Paul|last2=Mills|first2=James|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=71JHZiiP3hoC|archive-date=25 July 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220725072732/https://books.google.co.in/books/about/Soccer_in_South_Asia.html?id=71JHZiiP3hoC&amp;source=kp_book_description&amp;redir_esc=y}}<br /> *{{cite web |url=http://pierretristam.com/pdfs/wc10.pdf |title=Triumphs and Disasters: The Story of Indian Football, 1889—2000. |access-date=20 October 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120813081005/http://pierretristam.com/pdfs/wc10.pdf |archive-date=13 August 2012 |url-status=dead}}<br /> *{{cite book |title=Portrait Of Indian Sport |url=https://archive.org/details/portraitofinidan00anth |publisher= P R Macmillan Limited, London |last1=D'Mello |first1=Anthony |date=1959 }}<br /> *[https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14660970500106295?journalCode=fsas20 ''From recreation to competition: Early history of Indian football''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709181632/https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14660970500106295?journalCode=fsas20 |date=9 July 2021 }}. pp.&amp;nbsp;124–141. Published online: 6 Aug 2006. ''www.tandfonline.com''. Retrieved 30 June 2021.<br /> *{{Cite web|last=Sengupta|first=Somnath|title=Tactical Evolution Of Indian Football (Part One): Profiling Three Great 2-3-5 Teams|url=https://thehardtackle.com/2011/tactical-evolution-of-indian-football-part-one-profiling-three-great-2-3-5-teams/|location=Kolkata|date=29 July 2011|access-date=2021-03-16|website=thehardtackle.com|publisher=The Hard Tackle|language=en-US|archive-date=9 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211009112727/https://thehardtackle.com/2011/tactical-evolution-of-indian-football-part-one-profiling-three-great-2-3-5-teams/}}<br /> * {{cite book|last=Sen|first=Dwaipayan|year=2013|chapter=Wiping the Stain Off the Field of Plassey: Mohun Bagan in 1911|editor-last1=Bandyopadhyay|editor-first1=Kausik|editor-last2=Mallick|editor-first2=Sabyasachi|title=Fringe Nations in World Soccer|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-317-99810-5}}<br /> * {{cite book|last=Sen|first=Ronojoy|year=2015|chapter=The Empire Strikes Back: The 1911 IFA Shield and Football in Calcutta|title=Nation at Play: A History of Sport in India|publisher=Columbia University Press|isbn=978-0-231-16490-0}}<br /> <br /> ==Further reading==<br /> *{{cite web|url=https://ifawb.org/footballs-passage/|title=The passage of football in India|website=ifawb.org|publisher=[[Indian Football Association]]|location=Kolkata|access-date=11 September 2022|archive-date=29 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210129163914/https://ifawb.org/footballs-passage/}}<br /> *{{Cite web |title=The Introduction of Football in Colonial Calcutta- Part 1 |url=https://www.footballcounter.com/2015/the-introduction-of-football-in-colonial-calcutta/ |date=25 March 2015 |first=Ankan |last=Banerjee |access-date=25 March 2015 |website=footballcounter.com |publisher=Football Counter |location=Kolkata |archive-date=23 January 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160123195412/http://www.footballcounter.com/2015/the-introduction-of-football-in-colonial-calcutta/ }}<br /> *{{cite web|title=Football — the passion play in Kolkata|url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/football--the-passion-play-in-kolkata/211371-55.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120111155154/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/football--the-passion-play-in-kolkata/211371-55.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=11 January 2012|website=ibnlive.in|publisher=IBN Live|date=13 December 2011|access-date=11 August 2014}}<br /> *{{cite news|url=https://olympics.com/en/news/calcutta-football-league-history-winners-list |title=Calcutta Football League: East Bengal kings of Asia's oldest league competition — full winners list |website=olympics.com |publisher=The Olympics Football |last1=Nag |first1=Utathya |date=19 April 2023 |access-date=25 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230505071647/https://olympics.com/en/news/calcutta-football-league-history-winners-list |archive-date=5 May 2023 }}<br /> *{{cite web|url=http://www.mohunbaganclub.com/history/history-1889-1909/ |title=History of Mohun Bagan – Presented by MohunBaganClub.com {{*}} The Beginning: 1889–1909 |website=mohunbaganclub.com |access-date=12 May 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150505103851/http://www.mohunbaganclub.com/history/history-1889-1909/ |archive-date=5 May 2015 |location=Kolkata }}<br /> *{{cite web|url=https://digital.la84.org/digital/api/collection/p17103coll10/id/8849/download|work=digital.la84.org|title=Football and the Big Fight in Kolkata|format=PDF|first1=Amitabha|last1=Das Sharma|access-date=31 October 2023|archive-date=3 November 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231103082722/https://digital.la84.org/digital/api/collection/p17103coll10/id/8849/download}}<br /> *{{cite web|url=https://www.prohor.in/robbaranda-prasenjit-datta-paye-paye-maidane-12|title=ময়দানের তৃতীয় নয়ন|trans-title=The Third Eye of Kolkata Maidan|website=prohor.in|publisher=Prohor News|first1=Prasenjit|last1=Dutta|language=bn|location=Kolkata|date=22 May 2022|access-date=21 October 2022|archive-date=5 February 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230205002504/https://www.prohor.in/robbaranda-prasenjit-datta-paye-paye-maidane-12}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> * [https://web.archive.org/web/20220922044307/https://ifawb.org/nagendra-prasad-sarbadhikari/ Nagendra Prasad Sarbadhikari] – IFAWB (archived on 22 September 2022)<br /> * [https://archive.org/details/sp-sarbadhikari/mode/2up?view=theater/ SP Sarbadhikari] by Hemotpaul Chaudhuri (archived)<br /> * Suresh Prasad Sarbadhikari [https://store.pothi.com/book/hemotpaul-chaudhuri-suresh-prasad-sarbadhikari/]<br /> {{Football in India}}<br /> {{Kolkata topics}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Sarbadhikari, Nagendra 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Vinay https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Krityunjai_Prasad_Sinha&diff=510891 2026-02-07T23:44:06Z

<p>Vinay: Adding a details basic info</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Indian theoretical physicist (1929–2023)}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=September 2018}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=September 2018}}<br /> {{Infobox scientist<br /> | name = Krityunjai Prasad Sinha<br /> | image = <br /> | alt = <br /> | caption = <br /> | birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1929|07|05}}<br /> | birth_place = Akhtiyarpur, [[Bihar]], India<br /> | death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|2023|01|23|1929|07|05}}<br /> | death_place = [[Bengaluru]], India<br /> | residence = <br /> | fields = {{ublist | [[Theoretical physics]] }}<br /> | workplaces = {{ublist | [[National Chemical Laboratory]] | [[Bell Labs]] | [[Indian Institute of Science]] | [[North Eastern Hill University]] | [[Harvard University]] | [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology]] }}<br /> | alma_mater = {{ublist | [[Allahabad University]] | [[Savitribai Phule Pune University]] | [[University of Bristol]] }}<br /> | doctoral_advisor = {{ublist | G. I. Finch | [[Maurice Pryce]] }}<br /> | doctoral_students = <br /> | known_for = Studies on [[Solid state physics]] and [[Cosmology]]<br /> | awards = {{ublist| 1974&amp;nbsp;[[Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize]] | 1975&amp;nbsp; [[Maharishi University of Management|MUM]] Physics Award | 1977&amp;nbsp;[[University of Bristol|UoB]] Distinguished Alumnus award | 1984&amp;nbsp;[[Indian Institute of Science|IISc]] Platinum Jubilee Distinguished Alumni Award }}<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Krityunjai Prasad Sinha''' (5 July 1929 – 23 January 2023) was an Indian theoretical physicist and an emeritus professor at the [[Indian Institute of Science]]. Known for his research in [[solid state physics|solid-state physics]] and [[cosmology]], Sinha was elected a fellow of all the three major Indian science academies – the [[Indian National Science Academy]], the [[Indian Academy of Sciences]], and the [[National Academy of Sciences, India]]. In 1974, the [[Council of Scientific and Industrial Research]], the apex agency of the Government of India for scientific research, awarded him the [[Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize for Science and Technology]], one of the highest honors in Indian science, in recognition of his contributions to the field of physical sciences.&lt;ref name=&quot;View Bhatnagar Awardees&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://ssbprize.gov.in/Content/AwardeeList.aspx |title=View Bhatnagar Awardees |publisher=Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize |date=2016 |access-date=12 November 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161016194310/http://ssbprize.gov.in/Content/AwardeeList.aspx |archive-date=16 October 2016 }}&lt;/ref&gt;{{Refn|group=note|Long link – please select award year to see details}}<br /> <br /> == Biography ==<br /> [[File:University of Pune -Main Building 1.JPG|thumb|235px|left|University of Pune]]<br /> Born in Akhtiyarpur, in the Indian state of [[Bihar]], KP Sinha passed his matriculation examination in 1944 and completed the intermediate studies in 1946 before joining [[Allahabad University]] to earn a BSc in 1948.&lt;ref name=&quot;Faculty Profile&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.physics.iisc.ernet.in/~sinha/ |title=Faculty profile |date=2017 |publisher=Indian Institute of Science |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161028100621/http://www.physics.iisc.ernet.in/~sinha/ |archive-date=2016-10-28 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Subsequently, on completion of his MSc in 1950 from the same institution, he enrolled at [[Savitribai Phule Pune University]] for his doctoral studies under the guidance of GI Finch and secured a PhD in solid state physics in 1956.&lt;ref name=&quot;Indian fellow-K.P. Sinha&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://insaindia.res.in/detail/N79-0778 |title=Indian fellow-K.P. Sinha |date=2017-11-03 |publisher=Indian National Science Academy |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170427003559/http://insaindia.res.in/detail/N79-0778 |archive-date=2017-04-27 |url-status=live |access-date=2017-11-03}}&lt;/ref&gt; Moving to the UK, Sinha did his post-doctoral work at the laboratory of [[Maurice Pryce|Maurice Henry Lecorney Pryce]] during 1957–59, and his studies there in theoretical physics earned him a second PhD from the [[University of Bristol]] in 1965.&lt;ref name=&quot;Faculty Profile&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> In 1959, Sinha had returned to India to join the [[National Chemical Laboratory]] as a group leader at the ''Solid State and Molecular Physics Unit''. He carried out research there until 1968, when he had an opportunity to join [[Bell Labs]] in [[New Jersey]]. Sinha's stay at the [[Murray Hill, New Jersey|Murray Hill]] facility lasted two years. On his return to India in 1970, he joined the [[Indian Institute of Science]] as a senior professor at the department of physics, commencing a service which would last over three and a half decades. During this period, Sinha chaired a number of divisions such as the Division of Applied Mathematics (1971–73 and 1975–77) and the Centre for Theoretical Studies (1972–73 and 1981–87) for two terms each, and the Division of Physics and Mathematics from 1972 to 1976. On his superannuation from regular service in 1990, Sinha continued his association with IISc as a senior scientist of the [[Indian National Science Academy]] (INSA) during 1990–93, as a distinguished scientist of the [[Council of Scientific and Industrial Research]] from 1996 to 1998, and as an INSA honorary scientist since 2006.&lt;ref name=&quot;Faculty Profile&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> Besides holding the directorship of the ''Institute of Fundamental Research on Complex System'' of [[North Eastern Hill University]] during 1991–94,&lt;ref name=&quot;Faculty Profile&quot; /&gt; Sinha had two sabbaticals, starting with a summer stint at [[Lyman Laboratory of Physics]] of [[Harvard University]] in 1999. Later, he was associated with [[Charles Stark Draper Laboratory]] as a consultant and with [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology]] as a visiting scientist, both assignments running concurrently from 2000 to 2003. Sinha also served as a visiting faculty at [[International Centre for Theoretical Physics]] on four occasions (1970, 72, 76 and 83), at H. H. Wills Physics Lab of [[University of Bristol]] and Cavendish Laboratory of [[University of Cambridge]] during 1977–78, at [[University of Grenoble]] and [[University of Paris]] in 1983 and 1984, at [[Institute for Physical Problems]] and Institute of Theoretical Physics, Goteborg in 1986 and [[University of Western Ontario]] during 1987–88).&lt;ref name=&quot;Faculty Profile&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> Sinha, who held the position of emeritus professor of the Indian Institute of Science since his superannuation,&lt;ref name=&quot;Emeritus Professor&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.physics.iisc.ernet.in/people-faculty.php |title=Emeritus Professor |date=2017 |publisher=Indian Institute of Science |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130622204619/http://www.physics.iisc.ernet.in/people-faculty.php |archive-date=2013-06-22 }}&lt;/ref&gt; lived in Dollars Colony, in [[Bengaluru]].&lt;ref name=&quot;NASI fellows&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.nasi.org.in/fellows.asp?RsFilter=S |title=NASI fellows |date=2017 |publisher=National Academy of Sciences, India |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160316043224/http://nasi.org.in/fellows.asp?RsFilter=S |archive-date=2016-03-16 }}&lt;/ref&gt; He died there on 23 January 2023, at the age of 93.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Krityunjai Prasad Sinha (1929–2023) |url=https://www.currentscience.ac.in/Volumes/125/02/0212.pdf |website=Current Science |access-date=17 November 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Legacy ==<br /> [[File:E x e potential energy surfaces.jpg|thumb|235px|The potential energy surfaces of an E ⊗ e Jahn–Teller effect]]<br /> Sinha's theoretical work covered various aspects of solid state physics and he has made significant contributions in the field of crystal magnetism.&lt;ref name=&quot;Brief Profile of the Awardee&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://ssbprize.gov.in/content/Detail.aspx?AID=66 |title=Brief Profile of the Awardee |date=2017 |publisher=Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170413235653/http://ssbprize.gov.in/content/Detail.aspx?AID=66 |archive-date=2017-04-13 }}&lt;/ref&gt; His early work during his doctoral and post-doctoral days was based on [[condensed matter theory]], [[semiconductors]], [[quantum well]], [[Cold Fusion]], [[phonons]], and photon-induced effects in solids.&lt;ref name=&quot;Faculty Profile&quot; /&gt; Later, Sinha worked on the origin of giant [[magnetic moment]]s as well as [[exciton]] and [[electron]] [[phase transitions]] in solids, and developed an electronic pairing mechanism related to [[bosons]] and biexcitons for predicting the phenomenon of photon. He elucidated [[superconductivity]] at high temperatures by way of a non-equilibrium mechanism&lt;ref name=&quot;Handbook of Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize Winners&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.csirhrdg.res.in/ssb.pdf |title=Handbook of Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize Winners |publisher=Council of Scientific and Industrial Research |date=1999 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304043957/http://www.csirhrdg.res.in/ssb.pdf |archive-date=4 March 2016 |access-date=13 April 2017 }}&lt;/ref&gt; and also developed a statistical theory on the origin of [[ferroelectricity]] and structural phase transitions induced by cooperative [[Jahn-Teller Effect|Jahn-Teller effect]]; his work on the magnetism is described in one of his books.&lt;ref name=&quot;Information1979&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author=Reed Business Information |title=New Scientist |url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_UBWAQYm3rPMC |date=10 May 1979 |publisher=Reed Business Information |pages=[https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_UBWAQYm3rPMC/page/n99 464]– }}&lt;/ref&gt; The [[luminescence]] efficiency of solids, [[Ricci scalar curvature]], super [[strong gravity]], [[Gravitational singularity|singularity]] free cosmology, and low energy nuclear reactions are some other areas he has worked on.&lt;ref name=&quot;Indian fellow-K.P. Sinha&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> Sinha's studies have been documented by way of a number of articles,&lt;ref name=&quot;Browse by Fellow&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://repository.ias.ac.in/view/fellows/Sinha=3AKrityunjai_Prasad=3A=3A.html |title=Browse by Fellow |date=2017 |publisher=Indian Academy of Sciences |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170413235102/http://repository.ias.ac.in/view/fellows/Sinha%3D3AKrityunjai_Prasad%3D3A%3D3A.html |archive-date=2017-04-13 }}&lt;/ref&gt;{{Refn|group=note|Please see ''Selected bibliography'' section}} and online article repositories such as [[Google Scholar]] and [[ResearchGate]] have listed many of them.&lt;ref name=&quot;On Google Scholar&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=3J4FTKMAAAAJ&amp;hl=en |title=On Google Scholar |date=2017 |publisher=Google Scholar |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170413235642/https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=3J4FTKMAAAAJ&amp;hl=en |archive-date=2017-04-13 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;On ResearchGate&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Krityunjai_Sinha |title=On ResearchGate |date=2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170414080831/https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Krityunjai_Sinha |archive-date=2017-04-14 }}&lt;/ref&gt; He has published 6 books which included ''Foundry Technology'',&lt;ref name=&quot;BaileySinha1968&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author1=Gerald Duane Bailey |author2=Krityunjai Prasad Sinha |title=Foundry Technology |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZOwtHAAACAAJ |year=1968 |publisher=Roorkee Publishing House |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170414004448/https://books.google.com/books?id=ZOwtHAAACAAJ |archive-date=2017-04-14 }}&lt;/ref&gt; ''Interactions in magnetically ordered solids'',&lt;ref name=&quot;SinhaKumar1980&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author1=Krityunjai Prasad Sinha |author2=Narendra Kumar |title=Interactions in magnetically ordered solids |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pHsvAAAAIAAJ |year=1980 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=9780198514237 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170414080607/https://books.google.com/books?id=pHsvAAAAIAAJ |archive-date=2017-04-14 }}&lt;/ref&gt; ''Aspects of Gravitational Interactions'',&lt;ref name=&quot;SrivastavaSinha1998&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author1=Dr. S. K. Srivastava |author2=Krityunjai Prasad Sinha |title=Aspects of Gravitational Interactions |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YWssAAAAYAAJ |date=1 January 1998 |publisher=Nova Science Publishers |isbn=978-1-56072-575-6 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170414004503/https://books.google.com/books?id=YWssAAAAYAAJ |archive-date=14 April 2017 }}&lt;/ref&gt; ''High Temperature Superconductivity: Current Results and Novel Mechanisms''&lt;ref name=&quot;SinhaKakani1994&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author1=Krityunjai Prasad Sinha |author2=S. L. Kakani |title=High Temperature Superconductivity: Current Results and Novel Mechanisms |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=j6YsAAAAYAAJ |year=1994 |publisher=Nova Science Publishers |isbn=978-1-56072-133-8 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170414002713/https://books.google.com/books?id=j6YsAAAAYAAJ |archive-date=2017-04-14 }}&lt;/ref&gt; and ''Magnetic superconductors: recent developments'',&lt;ref name=&quot;SinhaKankani1989&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author1=Krityunjai Prasad Sinha |author2=S. L. Kankani |title=Magnetic superconductors: recent developments |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YTBRAAAAMAAJ |year=1989 |publisher=Nova Science Publishers, Incorporated |isbn=978-0-941743-62-4 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170414002852/https://books.google.com/books?id=YTBRAAAAMAAJ |archive-date=2017-04-14 }}&lt;/ref&gt; and has contributed chapters to books published by others.&lt;ref name=&quot;PavunaBozovic1994&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author1=Davor Pavuna |author2=Ivan Bozovic |title=Oxide Superconductor Physics and Nano-engineering |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ExhRAAAAMAAJ |year=1994 |publisher=SPIE |isbn=9780819414533 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170414002556/https://books.google.com/books?id=ExhRAAAAMAAJ |archive-date=2017-04-14 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Reimer2005&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author=Albert Reimer |title=Spacetime Physics Research Trends |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vTX-AwyLJaIC&amp;pg=PR2 |year=2005 |publisher=Nova Publishers |isbn=978-1-59454-322-7 |pages=2– |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170414083738/https://books.google.com/books?id=vTX-AwyLJaIC&amp;pg=PR2 |archive-date=2017-04-14 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Bangalore1984&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author=Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore |title=Research and development in physics &amp; mathematical sciences |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vrHvAAAAMAAJ |year=1984 |publisher=Indian Institute of Science |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170414083735/https://books.google.com/books?id=vrHvAAAAMAAJ |archive-date=2017-04-14 }}&lt;/ref&gt; His work has also drawn citations from a number of authors.&lt;ref name=&quot;Madelung2013&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author=O. Madelung |title=Advances in Solid State Physics: Festkörper Probleme |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LJ83BQAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA231 |date=11 September 2013 |publisher=Elsevier Science |isbn=978-1-4831-5414-5 |pages=231– |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170414083737/https://books.google.com/books?id=LJ83BQAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA231 |archive-date=14 April 2017 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;TarozziMerwe2012&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author1=Gino Tarozzi |author2=Alwyn van der Merwe |title=Open Questions in Quantum Physics: Invited Papers on the Foundations of Microphysics |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AhIACQAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA212 |date=6 December 2012 |publisher=Springer Science &amp; Business Media |isbn=978-94-009-5245-4 |pages=212– |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170414004559/https://books.google.com/books?id=AhIACQAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA212 |archive-date=14 April 2017 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;ProninObukhov1991&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author1=P I Pronin |author2=Yu N Obukhov |title=Modern Problems of Theoretical Physics: Jubilee Volume of D Ivanenko's 85th Birthday |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DoUGCwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA173 |date=15 March 1991 |publisher=World Scientific |isbn=978-981-4506-87-8 |pages=173– |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170414004437/https://books.google.com/books?id=DoUGCwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA173 |archive-date=14 April 2017 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;BaeriswylCampbell2013&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author1=[[Dionys Baeriswyl]]|author2=David K. Campbell |author3=Jose M.P. Carmelo, Francisco Guinea, Enrique Louis |title=The Hubbard Model: Its Physics and Mathematical Physics |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Dm31BwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA88 |date=11 November 2013 |publisher=Springer Science &amp; Business Media |isbn=978-1-4899-1042-4 |pages=88– |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170414002820/https://books.google.com/books?id=Dm31BwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA88 |archive-date=14 April 2017 }}&lt;/ref&gt; and he has supervised the doctoral and post doctoral studies of 45 scholars.&lt;ref name=&quot;Faculty Profile&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> Sinha is credited with initiating theoretical studies on [[condensed matter]] at a number of institutions in India&lt;ref name=&quot;Indian fellow-K.P. Sinha&quot; /&gt; and delivered the ''Deshmukh lecture'' of the [[University of Nagpur]] in 1995.&lt;ref name=&quot;Faculty Profile&quot; /&gt; He was an invited speaker at the 8th and 10th sessions of [[International Conference on Cold Fusion]]. Sinha served as the chapter chair of the Indian Physics Association during 1971–73 and as the president of Indian Cryogenic Council from 1990 to 1993. He is a member of the [[Indian Science Congress Association]], [[American Physical Society]], [[International Society on General Relativity and Gravitation]], Society for Scientific Values, [[New York Academy of Sciences]] and [[American Association for the Advancement of Science]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Indian fellow-K.P. Sinha&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> == Awards and honours ==<br /> Sinha, a founder fellow of the Indian Cryogenic Council, was elected as a fellow by the Indian Academy of Sciences in 1971&lt;ref name=&quot;Fellow profile&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.ias.ac.in/describe/fellow/Sinha,_Prof._Krityunjai_Prasad |title=Fellow profile |date=2017 |publisher=Indian Academy of Sciences |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170413235622/http://www.ias.ac.in/describe/fellow/Sinha%2C_Prof._Krityunjai_Prasad |archive-date=2017-04-13 }}&lt;/ref&gt; and he was selected as a national professor by the [[University Grants Commission of India]] in 1972, a post he held for one year.&lt;ref name=&quot;Indian fellow-K.P. Sinha&quot; /&gt; The Council of Scientific and Industrial Research awarded him the [[Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize]], one of the highest Indian science awards in 1974.&lt;ref name=&quot;CSIR list of Awardees&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.csir.res.in/careeraward/prize-winner-indexdiscipline-wise |title=CSIR list of Awardees |date=2017 |publisher=Council of Scientific and Industrial Research |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170409021146/http://www.csir.res.in/careeraward/prize-winner-indexdiscipline-wise |archive-date=2017-04-09 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Sinha received the Award for excellence in Physics of [[Maharishi University of Management]] in 1975 and H. H. Wills Physics Laboratory of [[University of Bristol]] honored him with the Distinguished Alumnus Award in 1977.&lt;ref name=&quot;Faculty Profile&quot; /&gt; The elected fellowships of the Indian National Science Academy and the National Academy of Sciences, India reached him in 1979&lt;ref name=&quot;INSA Year Book 2016&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.insaindia.res.in/pdf/YearBook_2016.pdf |title=INSA Year Book 2016 |date=2017 |publisher=Indian National Science Academy |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161104001952/http://www.insaindia.res.in/pdf/YearBook_2016.pdf |archive-date=4 November 2016 |access-date=13 April 2017 }}&lt;/ref&gt; and 1982 respectively.&lt;ref name=&quot;NASI Year Book 2015&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.nasi.org.in/Year%20Book%202015.pdf |title=NASI Year Book 2015 |date=2017 |publisher=National Academy of Sciences, India |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150806211716/http://www.nasi.org.in/Year%20Book%202015.pdf |archive-date=2015-08-06 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Two years later, Sinha received the Platinum Jubilee Distinguished Alumnus Award of the Indian Institute of Science.&lt;ref name=&quot;Indian fellow-K.P. Sinha&quot; /&gt; ''World Who's Who in Science from Antiquity to the Present'' has been featuring Sinha since its 1976–77 edition.&lt;ref name=&quot;Faculty Profile&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> == Selected bibliography ==<br /> === Books ===<br /> * {{cite book|author1=Gerald Duane Bailey|author2=Krityunjai Prasad Sinha|title=Foundry Technology|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZOwtHAAACAAJ|year=1968|publisher=Roorkee Publishing House}}<br /> * {{cite book|author1=Krityunjai Prasad Sinha|author2=Narendra Kumar|title=Interactions in magnetically ordered solids|year=1980|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0198514237}}<br /> * {{cite book|author1=Krityunjai Prasad Sinha|author2=S. L. Kankani|title=Magnetic superconductors: recent developments|year=1989|publisher=Nova Science Publishers, Incorporated|isbn=978-0-941743-62-4}}<br /> * {{cite book|author1=Krityunjai Prasad Sinha|author2=S. L. Kakani|title=High Temperature Superconductivity: Current Results and Novel Mechanisms|year=1994|publisher=Nova Science Publishers|isbn=978-1-56072-133-8}}<br /> * {{cite book|author1=Dr. S. K. Srivastava|author2=Krityunjai Prasad Sinha|title=Aspects of Gravitational Interactions|date=1 January 1998|publisher=Nova Science Publishers|isbn=978-1-56072-575-6}}<br /> <br /> === Chapters ===<br /> * {{cite book|author=Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore|title=Research and development in physics &amp; mathematical sciences|year=1984|publisher=Indian Institute of Science}}<br /> * {{cite book|author1=Davor Pavuna|author2=Ivan Bozovic|title=Oxide Superconductor Physics and Nano-engineering|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ExhRAAAAMAAJ|year=1994|publisher=SPIE|isbn=9780819414533}}<br /> * {{cite book|author=Albert Reimer|title=Spacetime Physics Research Trends|year=2005|publisher=Nova Publishers|isbn=978-1-59454-322-7|pages=2–}}<br /> <br /> === Articles ===<br /> * {{Cite journal |last=K. P. Sinha, U. N. Upadhyaya |title=Phonon-Magnon Interaction in Magnetic Crystals |journal=Phys. Rev. D |date=1962 |volume=127 |issue=2 |pages=432–439 |doi=10.1103/PhysRev.127.432|bibcode=1962PhRv..127..432S }}<br /> * {{Cite journal |last=G.C. Shukla. Author links open the author workspace.K.P. Sinha |title=Electron-phonon coupling in dielectrics |journal=Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids |date=1966 |volume=27 |issue=11–12 |pages=1837–1847 |doi=10.1016/0022-3697(66)90115-6|bibcode=1966JPCS...27.1837S }}<br /> * {{Cite journal |last=N. Kumar, K. P. Sinha |title=Possibility of Photoinduced Superconductivity |journal=Physical Review |date=1968 |volume=174 |issue=482 |pages=482–488 |doi=10.1103/PhysRev.174.482|bibcode=1968PhRv..174..482K }}<br /> * {{Cite journal |last=C. Sivaram, K. P. Sinha |title=Strong gravity, black holes, and hadrons |journal=Phys. Rev. D |date=1977 |volume=16 |issue=6 |pages=1975–1978 |doi=10.1103/PhysRevD.16.1975|bibcode=1977PhRvD..16.1975S }}<br /> * {{Cite journal |last=K.N. Shrivastava, K.P. Sinha |title=Magnetic superconductors: Model theories and experimental properties of rare-earth compounds |journal=Physics Reports |date=1984 |volume=115 |issue=3 |pages=93–149 |doi=10.1016/0370-1573(84)90122-4|bibcode=1984PhR...115...93S }}<br /> <br /> == See also ==<br /> {{Div col}}<br /> * [[Quantum well]]<br /> * [[Spontaneous symmetry breaking]]<br /> {{div col end}}<br /> {{portal|India|Physics}}<br /> <br /> == Notes ==<br /> {{Reflist|group=note|2}}<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> == External links ==<br /> * {{Cite web|url=http://www.physics.iisc.ernet.in/people-faculty.php |title=Krityunjai Prasad Sinha – Retired Professor |date=2017 |publisher=Indian Institute of Science |page=IISc faculty list |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130730001311/http://www.physics.iisc.ernet.in/people-faculty.php |archive-date=2013-07-30 }}<br /> * {{Cite web |url=http://catalogue.nla.gov.au/Record/1401636 |title=Listing on National Library of Australia catalogue |date=2017 |publisher=National Library of Australia}}<br /> <br /> == Further reading ==<br /> * {{Cite web |url=https://archive.org/details/InteractionsInMagneticallyOrderedSolids |title=Interactions in Magnetically Ordered Solids |last=Krityunjai Prasad Sinha, Narendra Kumar |year=1980 |publisher=Oxford University Press|work=E-Book}}<br /> * {{Cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/worldwhoswhoinsc0000unse/page/1855 |title=World Who's Who in Science: From Antiquity to the Present |last=Allen G. Debus |year=1968 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/worldwhoswhoinsc0000unse/page/1855 1855] |publisher=Marquis-Who's Who, Incorporated |isbn=9780837910017 }}<br /> <br /> {{SSBPST recipients in Physical Science}}<br /> {{Authority control}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Sinha, Krityunjai Prasad}}<br /> [[Category:1929 births]]<br /> [[Category:2023 deaths]]<br /> [[Category:Scientists from Bihar]]<br /> [[Category:Indian theoretical physicists]]<br /> [[Category:Indian technology writers]]<br /> [[Category:University of Allahabad alumni]]<br /> [[Category:Savitribai Phule Pune University alumni]]<br /> [[Category:Alumni of the University of Bristol]]<br /> [[Category:Scientists at Bell Labs]]<br /> [[Category:North-Eastern Hill University]]<br /> [[Category:Harvard University alumni]]<br /> [[Category:Massachusetts Institute of Technology faculty]]<br /> [[Category:Academics of the University of Cambridge]]<br /> [[Category:Academic staff of Grenoble Alpes University]]<br /> [[Category:Academic staff of the University of Paris]]<br /> [[Category:Academic staff of the University of Western Ontario]]<br /> [[Category:Recipients of the Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Award in Medical Science]]<br /> [[Category:Fellows of the Indian Academy of Sciences]]<br /> [[Category:Fellows of the Indian National Science Academy]]<br /> [[Category:Fellows of the National Academy of Sciences, India]]<br /> [[Category:Academics of the University of Bristol]]<br /> [[Category:Rare earth scientists]]</div>

Vinay https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kapil_Tiwari&diff=508408 2026-02-07T23:24:45Z

<p>Vinay: Adding initial post nd citations</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Indian doctor and folk philanthropist}}<br /> {{For|the politician|Kapil Narayan Tiwari}}<br /> {{Infobox person<br /> | pre-nominals = <br /> |image = <br /> |caption = <br /> |image_size =<br /> |alt = <br /> |birth_name =<br /> |birth_date = <br /> |birth_place = [[Madhya Pradesh]] <br /> |death_place = <br /> |other_names = <br /> |known_for = Folk Philanthropist<br /> |education = <br /> |alma_mater = [[Sagar University]]<br /> |spouse = <br /> |relatives = <br /> |children = <br /> |awards = [[Padma Shri]] (2020)<br /> |signature = <br /> |website = <br /> |footnotes =<br /> }}<br /> '''Kapil Tiwari''' is an [[Indian people|Indian]] folk philanthropist. He was awarded [[Padma Shri]] for his contribution in folk in 2020.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2021-01-26|title=मिलिए MP के भूरीबाई और कपिल तिवारी से जिन्हें मिलेगा पद्मश्री अवार्ड - mobile|url=https://mp.punjabkesari.in/national/news/meet-bhuribai-and-kapil-tiwari-of-mp-who-will-get-padma-shri-award-1320867|access-date=2021-12-10|website=punjabkesari}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Bhopal: Preserving the intangible heritage of humanity|url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/bhopal/bhopal-preserving-the-intangible-heritage-of-humanity|access-date=2021-12-10|website=Free Press Journal|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Early life and education==<br /> Tiwari is from Sagar district of [[Madhya Pradesh]].In 1979, he had done doctorate in Hindi Literature from Sagar University and went to [[Bhopal]].<br /> <br /> ==Career==<br /> Tiwari was the former director of Adivasi Lokkala Academy and a member of Bharat Bhawan. He had worked for the development of folk and tribal communities. He has edited 39 books associated with the folk culture.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=ETV Bharat talks to Padma Shri awardee Kapil Tiwari|url=https://www.etvbharat.com/english/national/videos/state/etv-bharat-talks-to-padma-shri-awardee-kapil-tiwari/na20210126233038921|date=2021-01-26|access-date=2022-02-19|work=ETV Bharat|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Awards==<br /> *In 2021, he was awarded the [[Padma Shri]] by the [[Indian Government]] for his contribution in folk.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Dr. Kapil Tiwari was honored with the Padma Shri award by Ram Nath Kovind. Latest and Breaking News, India News, Political, Sports - Since Independence - Bharat Times English News|date=11 November 2021|url=https://eng.bharattimes.co.in/dr-kapil-tiwari-was-honored-with-the-padma-shri-award-by-ram-nath-kovind-latest-and-breaking-news-india-news-political-sports-since-independence/|access-date=2021-12-10|language=en-US|archive-date=2021-12-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211210141038/https://eng.bharattimes.co.in/dr-kapil-tiwari-was-honored-with-the-padma-shri-award-by-ram-nath-kovind-latest-and-breaking-news-india-news-political-sports-since-independence/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Tiwari, Kapil}}<br /> [[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]<br /> [[Category:Living people]]<br /> [[Category:People from Sagar district]]<br /> [[Category:Recipients of the Padma Shri in literature and education]]<br /> {{improve categories|date=December 2021}}<br /> <br /> {{India-writer-stub}}</div>

Vinay https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alwalkeria&diff=485739 2026-02-02T22:14:26Z

<p>Vinay: </p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Extinct genus of dinosaurs}}<br /> {{speciesbox<br /> | fossil_range = [[Late Triassic]], {{fossilrange|228}}<br /> | image = Alwalkeria.png<br /> | image_caption = Holotype distal femur (D) and historically referred proximal femur (A–C)<br /> | display_parents = 4<br /> | genus = Alwalkeria <br /> | species = maleriensis<br /> | authority = (Chatterjee, 1987)<br /> | parent_authority=[[Sankar Chatterjee|Chatterjee]] &amp; [[Ben Creisler|Creisler]], 1994<br /> | synonyms =<br /> * ''Walkeria'' {{small|Chatterjee, 1987 ([[Walkeria|preoccupied]])}}<br /> * ''Alickmeron'' {{small|Sen &amp; Ray, 2025}}<br /> }}<br /> '''''Alwalkeria''''' ({{IPAc-en|ˌ|æ|l|w|ɔː|ˈ|k|ɪər|i|ə}}; &quot;for Alick Walker&quot;) is a historically problematic [[extinct]] [[genus]] of [[avemetatarsalia]]n known from the [[Late Triassic]] [[Lower Maleri Formation]] of India. The genus contains a [[monotypic taxon|single species]], '''''Alwalkeria maleriensis'''''. It was initially described in 1987 under the genus name {{gloss|''Walkeria''}}, based on a partial skull, several vertebrae, and fragmentary hindlimb bones. As this name is [[preoccupied]], the new genus ''Alwalkeria'' was proposed to replace it. Early research interpreted the material belonging to a 'podokesaurid' ([[coelophysoid]]) theropod, [[herrerasaur]], or ''[[Eoraptor]]''-like [[Basal (phylogenetics)|basal]] eusaurischian dinosaur. Subsequent work recognized the [[Chimera (paleontology)|chimaeric]] status of the fossils referred to this species, as they belong to multiple unrelated taxa. Some of the bones may belong to a dinosaur, and the skull is likely from a [[pseudosuchia]]n. A 2025 study suggested [[lagerpetid]] affinities for the femora, though this was deemed unlikely by a subsequent review, which regarded ''A. maleriensis'' as a member of Pan-Aves (Avemetatarsalia) of [[Incertae sedis|uncertain placement]].<br /> <br /> == History and classification ==<br /> In 1987, [[Sankar Chatterjee]] named ''Walkeria maleriensis'' as a new genus and species of [[podokesaurid]] theropod dinosaurs based on specimen ISI R 306, which includes a partial skull, around 28 vertebrae, a proximal left femur, a distal right femur, and an astragalus (ankle bone). The specimen was recovered in the [[Godavari River|Godavari]] Valley locality from the [[Lower Maleri Formation|Maleri Formation]] of [[Andhra Pradesh]], India. The remains were collected by Chatterjee in 1974 in red [[mudstone]] that was deposited during the [[Carnian]] stage of the [[Triassic]] period, approximately 235 to 228 million years ago. The specimen is housed in the collection of the [[Indian Statistical Institute]], in [[Kolkata]], India.<br /> <br /> The generic name, ''Walkeria'', was proposed in honor of British paleontologist [[Alick Walker]]. The specific name, ''maleriensis'', is a reference to the [[Lower Maleri Formation]], in southern India, where its [[fossil]]s were found. Chatterjee described the taxon as a basal theropod.&lt;ref&gt;Chatterjee, S. 1987. A new theropod dinosaur from India with remarks on the Gondwana-Laurasia connection in the Late Cretaceous. In: McKenzie, G.D. (Ed.). ''Gondwana Six: Stratigraphy, Sedimentology, and Paleontology. Geophysical Monograph 41''. Washington, D.C.: American Geophysical Union. Pp.&amp;nbsp;183–189.&lt;/ref&gt; Since the original generic name was found to be [[International Code of Zoological Nomenclature|preoccupied]] by a [[bryozoa]]n, the new replacement generic name ''Alwalkeria'' was created in 1994 by Chatterjee and Ben Creisler.&lt;ref&gt;Chatterjee, S. &amp; Creisler, B.S. 1994. ''Alwalkeria'' (Theropoda) and ''Morturneria'' (Plesiosauria), new names for preoccupied ''Walkeria'' Chatterjee, 1987, and ''Turneria'' Chatterjee and Small, 1989. ''Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology'' 14(1): 142.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In 1996, Loyal et al. agreed with a theropod identity for the type material.&lt;ref&gt;R. S. Loyal, A. Khosla, and A. Sahni. 1996. Gondwanan dinosaurs of India: affinities and palaeobiogeography. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 39(3):627-638&lt;/ref&gt; Paul (1988) understood ''Alwalkeria'' as a link between herrerasaurids and the genus ''[[Protoavis]]'', and hence assigned it to [[Herrerasauridae]] based on features of the [[femur]].&lt;ref&gt;Paul, 1988. Predatory dinosaurs of the world. Simon and Schuster, New York. A New York Academy of Sciences Book. 464 pp.&lt;/ref&gt; However, Langer (2004) and Martínez and Alcober (2009), observed that ''Alwalkeria'' was too primitive to be a [[theropod]] and considered it a basal [[saurischia]]n.&lt;ref name=&quot;langer2004&quot;&gt;Langer, M.C. 2004. Basal Saurischia. In: Weishampel, D.B., Dodson, P., &amp; Osmolska, H. (Eds.). The Dinosauria (2nd Edition). Berkeley: University of California Press. Pp. 25–46.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;R. N. Martínez and O. A. Alcober. 2009. A basal sauropodomorph (Dinosauria: Saurischia) from the Ischigualasto Formation (Triassic, Carnian) and the early evolution of Sauropodomorpha. PLoS ONE 4(2 (e4397)):1-12&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> [[File:Alwalkeria maleriensis.jpg|thumb|left|Speculative [[life restoration]] as a dinosaur]]<br /> <br /> === Chimeric identity ===<br /> In 2005, Rauhut and Remes found ''Alwalkeria'' to be a chimera, with the anterior skull referable to a [[Crurotarsi|crurotarsan]], and the vertebrae referable to various other ancient [[reptile]]s including [[Prolacertiformes]]; however, they claimed the [[femur]] and the [[talus bone|astragalus]] were clearly dinosaurian, with the latter possessing saurischian characteristics.&lt;ref&gt;Remes and Rauhut, 2005. The oldest Indian dinosaur ''Alwalkeria maleriensis'' Chatterjee revised: a chimera including remains of a basal saurischian. in Kellner, Henriques and Rodrigues (eds). II Congresso Latino-Americano de Paleontologia de Vertebrados, Boletim de Resumos. Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro. 218.&lt;/ref&gt; In 2011, Novas and colleagues argued that ''Alwalkeria'' remains valid on the basis of an unusual morphology of its femur and an astragalus with a conservative morphology more similar to that of basal dinosaurs.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|author1-link=Fernando Novas |last1=Novas |first1=Fernando E. |last2=Ezcurra |first2=Martín D. |author3-link=Sankar Chatterjee |last3=Chatterjee |first3=Sankar |last4=Kutty |first4=T.S. |year=2011 |title=New dinosaur species from the Upper Triassic Upper Maleri and Lower Dharmaram formations of central India |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/231824148 |journal=[[Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh]] |volume=101 |issue=3–4 |pages=333–349 |doi=10.1017/S1755691011020093}}&lt;/ref&gt; In 2016, Lecuona, Ezcurra &amp; Irmis reiterated the chimaeric nature of the ''Alwalkeria'' holotype, noting that the skull material could be referred to the [[Crocodylomorpha]]. They also observed that the distal femur was more consistent with the morphology of [[pseudosuchia]]ns, leading them to identify this bone fragment as an indeterminate representative of that clade. The vertebrae lack anatomical features allowing for a precise identification, dinosaur, pseudosuchian, or otherwise.&lt;ref name=&quot;Lecuona2016&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Lecuona |first1=Agustina |last2=Ezcurra |first2=Martín D. |last3=Irmis |first3=Randall B. |date=2016-10-03 |editor-last=Angielczyk |editor-first=Kenneth |title=Revision of the early crocodylomorph ''Trialestes romeri'' (Archosauria, Suchia) from the lower Upper Triassic Ischigualasto Formation of Argentina: one of the oldest-known crocodylomorphs |journal=Papers in Palaeontology |language=en |volume=2 |issue=4 |pages=585–622 |doi=10.1002/spp2.1056 |bibcode=2016PPal....2..585L |issn=2056-2799|hdl=11336/66393 |hdl-access=free }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In 2025, Sen &amp; Ray determined the partial femora belonged to a novel representative of the [[Lagerpetidae]], which they named '''''Alickmeron maleriensis'''''. The authors did not classify the astragalus within the genus ''Alwalkeria'', but rather as indeterminate saurischian comparable in morphology to an unnamed Argentinan [[herrerasaurid]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Sen&amp;Ray25&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Sen |first1=Sulagna |last2=Ray |first2=Sanghamitra |date=2025-09-29 |title=Taxonomic reassessment of archosaurs with dinosaurian affinities from the lower fauna of the Upper Triassic Maleri Formation of India and their significance |journal=[[Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology]] |article-number=e2546434 |language=en |doi=10.1080/02724634.2025.2546434 |issn=0272-4634}}&lt;/ref&gt; In 2026, McDavid, Marchant, and Reid stated that ''Alickmeron'' is an objective [[junior synonym]] of ''Alwalkeria'', due to both taxa having the same type species based on the same holotype, ''Walkeria maleriensis'', based on ISI R 306. They agreed with restricting the holotype of ''Alwalkeria'' to ISI R 306b, the distal femur, but suggested that the taxon can only be confidently assigned to Pan-Aves (=[[Avemetatarsalia]]) ''incertae sedis'', not a lagerpetid pterosauromorph as proposed by Sen &amp; Ray (2025). They further regarded the referral of any other material, including the proximal femur, to ''A. maleriensis'' as ambiguous.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|author1=McDavid, S.N.|author2=Marchant, C.J.|author3=Reid, I.J.|date=2026-02-02|title=''Alickmeron'' Sen &amp; Ray, 2025 is an objective junior synonym of ''Alwalkeria'' Chatterjee &amp; Creisler, 1994|journal=[[Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology]]|doi=10.1080/02724634.2025.2604088}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Paleoecology==<br /> The [[Lower Maleri Formation|Maleri Formation]] has been interpreted as being the site of an ancient lake or river. Material of the sauropodomorphs ''[[Jaklapallisaurus]]'' and ''[[Nambalia]]'' and the herrerasaurian ''[[Maleriraptor]]'' have been found in the [[Upper Maleri Formation]], as well as intermediate prosauropod remains.&lt;ref name=&quot;Maleriraptor&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Ezcurra |first1=Martín D. |last2=Garcia |first2=Maurício Silva |last3=Novas |first3=Fernando E. |last4=Müller |first4=Rodrigo Temp |last5=Agnolín |first5=Federico L. |last6=Chatterjee |first6=Sankar |date=2025-05-07 |title=A new herrerasaurian dinosaur from the Upper Triassic Upper Maleri Formation of south-central India |journal=[[Royal Society Open Science]] |language=en |volume=12 |issue=5 |article-number=250081 |doi=10.1098/rsos.250081 |pmid=40370605 |issn=2054-5703 |doi-access=free|pmc=12077243 |bibcode=2025RSOS...1250081E }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{Reflist|2}}<br /> <br /> === Bibliography ===<br /> &lt;!--Most recent first--&gt;<br /> * Norman, D.B. 1990. Problematic Theropods: Coelurosaurs. In: Weishampel, D.B., Dodson, P. &amp; Osmolska, H. (Eds.). ''The Dinosauria'' (1st Edition). Berkeley: University of California Press. Pp.&amp;nbsp;280–305.<br /> <br /> {{Avemetatarsalia}}<br /> {{Taxonbar|from=Q133238}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Saurischia]]<br /> [[Category:Dinosaur genera]]<br /> [[Category:Carnian dinosaurs]]<br /> [[Category:Dinosaurs of India]]<br /> [[Category:Fossil taxa described in 1994]]<br /> [[Category:Taxa named by Sankar Chatterjee]]</div>

Vinay https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dharchula&diff=454243 2026-01-19T18:22:19Z

<p>Vinay: refined references further</p> <hr /> <div>{{About|the town in India|the town across the border in Nepal|Darchula}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=June 2017}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=June 2017}}<br /> {{multiple issues|<br /> {{More citations needed|date=January 2008}}<br /> {{unreliable sources|date=December 2023}}<br /> }}<br /> {{Infobox settlement<br /> | name = Dharchula<br /> | other_name = <br /> | nickname = <br /> | settlement_type = Hill Town<br /> | image_skyline = {{multiple image<br /> | border = infobox<br /> | total_width = 275<br /> | image_style =<br /> | perrow = 1/2/1<br /> | caption_align = center<br /> | image1 = Mountain view from Bangabagad.jpg<br /> | caption1 = <br /> | image2 = Buddha Cave Dharchula.jpg<br /> | caption2 = <br /> | image3 = Rung-museum-dharchula-pithoragarh-5.jpg<br /> | caption3 = <br /> | image4 = Narayan Swami Ashram.jpg<br /> | caption4 = <br /> }}<br /> | image_alt = <br /> | image_caption = Clockwise from top : View of mountains from Dharchula, [[Rung languages|Rung]] Museum, Narayan Ashram and Buddha Cave.<br /> | pushpin_map = India Uttarakhand#India<br /> | pushpin_label_position = <br /> | pushpin_map_alt = <br /> | pushpin_map_caption = Location in Uttarakhand<br /> | coordinates = {{coord|29|50|54.6|N|80|32|34.8|E|display=inline,title}}<br /> | subdivision_type = Country<br /> | subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}<br /> | subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]<br /> | subdivision_name1 = [[Uttarakhand]]<br /> | subdivision_type2 = [[Administrative division|Division]]<br /> | subdivision_name2 = [[Kumaon division|Kumaon]]<br /> | subdivision_type3 = [[District]]<br /> | subdivision_name3 = [[ Pithoragarh district|Pithoragarh]]<br /> | established_title = &lt;!-- Established --&gt;<br /> | established_date = <br /> | founder = <br /> | named_for = <br /> | government_type = <br /> | governing_body = <br /> | unit_pref = Metric<br /> | area_footnotes = <br /> | area_rank = <br /> | area_total_km2 = <br /> | elevation_footnotes = <br /> | elevation_m = 940<br /> | population_total = 7039<br /> | population_as_of = 2011<br /> | population_rank = <br /> | population_density_km2 = auto<br /> | population_demonym = Dharchullya<br /> | population_footnotes = <br /> | demographics_type1 = Languages<br /> | demographics1_title1 = Official<br /> | demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi language|Hindi]], [[Sanskrit language|Sanskrit]]<br /> | demographics1_title2 = Native <br /> | demographics1_info2 = Dharchuleli Kumaoni, Rung Lo, Dharchuleli Dotyali&lt;ref name=&quot;KumaoniEthnologue&quot;/&gt;<br /> | timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]<br /> | utc_offset1 = +5:30<br /> | postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]<br /> | postal_code = 262545&lt;ref name=&quot;pincode&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://pin-code.net/in-loc/dharchula-pin-code/187774/|title=Dharchula Pin code|publisher=pin-code.net|accessdate=29 June 2021|archive-date=29 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210629164052/https://pin-code.net/in-loc/dharchula-pin-code/187774/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | registration_plate = UK-05<br /> | website = {{URL|uk.gov.in}}<br /> | footnotes = <br /> | official_name = <br /> }}<br /> '''Dharchula''' (In [[Kumaoni language|Kumaoni]]: ''Dhàrchulà, धार्चुलऻ''), is a town in the [[Pithoragarh district|Pithoragarh]] district of [[Uttarakhand]], [[India]]. It is located at an elevation of about 940 metres (3,080 ft) above sea level and is surrounded by high [[Himalayas|Himalayan]] peaks. The [[Kali River (Uttarakhand)|Mahakali River]] flows through the town, dividing it into two settlements situated on either bank—one in India and the other in [[Nepal]]. Residents on both sides of the border share close cultural, linguistic, and social ties, reflecting a long-standing common heritage. Local people are permitted to cross the river without passports or visas, facilitating interaction and trade. The population of the area includes [[Khas people|Khas]], [[Kumaoni people|Kumaoni]], [[Doteli|Dotyali]], and [[Rang community|Rung]] communities, contributing to its diverse cultural traditions. Dharchula is situated approximately 92 kilometres (57 mi) north of [[Pithoragarh]], the district headquarters. It lies on the [[Gunji, Uttarakhand|Pithoragarh–Lipulekh Pass Highway]] (PLPH) and falls along the route of the [[Lake Manasarovar|Kailash Mansarovar Yatra]], a significant pilgrimage in [[Hinduism]], [[Buddhism]], and [[Jainism]].<br /> <br /> ==Etymology==<br /> Dharchula is derived from two words: “Dhar” (धार), meaning edge or peak in the local Dharchuleli Kumaoni dialect, and “Chula” (चुला), meaning fire stove. Literally, the name refers to a fire stove made of three stones, which was traditionally used for cooking in this region. Almost every household once relied on such three-stone stoves. The name also reflects the geography of Dharchula, where mountain peaks resemble a three-stone fire stove. According to legend, sage Vyasa cooked his meals here on such a stove formed by three peaks during his journey to Mount Kailash. &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web <br /> |url=http://ddcdarchula.gov.np/ne-brief-introduction/ <br /> |title = दार्चुला जिल्लाको संक्षिप्त परिचय<br /> |date= n.d.|website= ddcdarchula.gov.np<br /> |publisher= DDC Darchula<br /> |access-date= 11 February 2020<br /> |language= ne<br /> }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> According to other legend Dharchula gets its name from ‘Darchyo’ and ‘la’; Darchyo is a white coloured traditional holy flag and la is an honorific term in [[Rung languages]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Dharchula|url=https://www.india.com/travel/dharchula}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Demographics==<br /> As of 2011, the population of Dharchula Nagar Palika (municipality) was 7,039 (3,797 males and 3,242 females), with a female sex ratio of 854 compared to the state average of 963. Children of 0–6 years represent 12.64% of the population with a child sex ratio of 824 compared to the Uttarakhand state average of 890. The literacy rate of Dharchula city is 88.68%, higher than the state average of 78.82%; literacy in males is around 95.10% and in females, it stands at 81.20%.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.census2011.co.in/data/town/800320-dharchula-uttarakhand.html|title = Dharchula Nagar Palika City Population Census 2011-2022 &amp;#124; Uttarakhand}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == History ==<br /> Dharchula was an ancient trading town on the Trans-Himalayan trade routes. It was also halting place for the migrating tribals of the valleys' above i.e. Darma and Byans. People of Chaundas hardly migrated as the weather was much bearable unlike the other two valleys. Trade was based on barter system and was the only source of income for the inhabitants of Dharchula. Local handicrafts like carpets which are known here as ‘dan’, were exchanged with the Tibetans for food and clothing.{{cn|date=December 2023}}<br /> <br /> After the Indo-China War in 1962, all trading ties with the Tibetans came to a stop which caused innumerable hardships to the people of Dharchula. The difficulty forced people to look for alternate means of earnings. Soon the locals engaged themselves in farming, small businesses and cattle farming. With government intervention, good tourism facilities have developed in the town.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Brief history of Dharchula|url=https://www.india.com/travel/dharchula}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> == External links ==<br /> * {{Official website|https://pithoragarh.nic.in/directory/dy-sp-dharchula/|Dharchula, official website}}<br /> <br /> <br /> {{Pithoragarh district}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Hill stations in Uttarakhand]]<br /> [[Category:Cities and towns in Pithoragarh district]]<br /> [[Category:Transit and customs posts along the India–Nepal border]]</div>

Vinay https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kerala_Dinesh&diff=509264 2026-01-08T04:49:27Z

<p>Vinay: Adding the article first draft</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Indian worker co-op in Kannur, Kerala}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=January 2023}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=January 2023}}<br /> {{Infobox company<br /> | name = Kerala Dinesh<br /> | former_names = Kerala Dinesh Beedi<br /> | type = [[Cooperatives|Cooperative]]<br /> | logo = <br /> | foundation = {{Start date and age|1969||}}<br /> | location = [[Kannur]], [[Kerala]], [[India]]<br /> | industry = [[Food Processing]], [[Beedi]], [[Clothing]], [[Software]]<br /> | products = {{Bulleted_list|Apparels|Software|Food products|Umbrella}}<br /> | revenue = <br /> | num_employees = <br /> | homepage = {{URL|https://www.keraladinesh.com/}}<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Kerala Dinesh BWCCS Ltd.''', [[Trade name|doing business as]] '''Kerala Dinesh''', is an Indian [[worker cooperative]] based in [[Kannur]], [[Kerala]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=2019-02-13|title=Golden jubilee of Dinesh Beedi|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/golden-jubilee-of-dinesh-beedi/article26261531.ece|access-date=2020-06-14|issn=0971-751X}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == History ==<br /> The Cooperative was launched in 1969 with the help of assistance from [[T. V. Thomas]], Minister for Industries in [[Second E. M. S. Namboodiripad ministry]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Dinesh Beedi@50: From tobacco to cafes and IT, this transformation is priceless|url=https://english.manoramaonline.com/news/kerala/2019/02/28/the-tale-of-kerala-dinesh-cooperative.html|access-date=2020-06-14|website=OnManorama|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; This cooperative came up as a result of workers' resistance against the exploitation of private capital. From the 1940s the organised labour movement in Kerala has demanded the implementation of special legislation to help beedi workers from the misery of exploitation. The initiatives of [[A. K. Gopalan]] pressurised the [[Jawaharlal Nehru|Nehru Government]] to introduce Beedi and Cigar Workers (Conditions of Employment Act) in 1966.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2016-05-06|title=As Malayalees Kick The Butt, A Once Proud Beedi-Maker Bets On Biryani|url=https://www.huffingtonpost.in/2016/05/06/dineesh-beedi_n_9855142.html|access-date=2020-06-14|website=HuffPost India|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; However, the decision to implement the Act was left to the choice of state government.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |title=Beedi and Cigar Workers (Conditions of Employment) Act- 1966 |publisher=Government of India |year=1966 |url=https://wblc.gov.in/sites/default/files/upload/content_act_rule_pdf/1_Beedi%20&amp;%20Cigar%20Workers%20(Conditions%20of%20Employment)%20Act,%201966.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt; This Act was implemented by Second E. M. S. Namboodiripad ministry, hence [[Kerala]] became the first state to implement it. This provoked the private beedi companies like Ganesh Beedi and they shifted their operation from Kerala to [[Karnataka]]. This left thousands of workers unemployed. As negotiations with the company failed, the trade union movement in Kerala put forth the idea of developing a cooperative. As a result, the cooperative was inaugurated in 1969.<br /> <br /> The E.M.S. ministry invested {{currency|13.5|INR}} [[lakh]]s as share capital and sanctioned a huge working capital loan of {{INR|700000}} to initiate the functioning of this cooperative.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Rise and Fall of a Workers' Cooperative: The Saga of Kerala Dinesh Beedi|url=https://www.labourfile.com/section-detail.php?aid=307|access-date=2020-06-14|website=www.labourfile.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> G. K. Panicker [[Indian Administrative Service|IAS]], the then Joint Commissioner of Industries Department played a crucial leadership role in shaping the institution.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Urs|first=MV Sasikumar &amp; B. Niranjan Raj|title=Cooperatives should reinvent themselves|url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/opinion/cooperatives-should-reinvent-themselves/article9572460.ece|access-date=2020-06-14|website=@businessline|date=6 March 2017 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In the mid-seventies, Dinesh Beedi achieved a significant portion of Indian tobacco market and they increased their profit from {{INR|50000}} in 1969 to {{INR|44}} [[crore]] by 1994-95.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|last=Pulikunnel|first=A. T.|date=1997-08-22|title=Dinesh Beedi Firm At Crossroads|work=Business Standard India|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/specials/dinesh-beedi-firm-at-crossroads-197082201007_1.html|access-date=2020-06-14}}&lt;/ref&gt; With a 70 times increase in production it reached 6.85 billion beedis per year during the nineties. &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> == Awards ==<br /> <br /> * Fair Business Practice Award 2014 instituted by the [[ASSOCHAM|ASSOCHAM (Associated Chamber of Commerce &amp; Industry of India)]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;<br /> * Fair Business Practice Award 2015 instituted by the ASSOCHAM.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;<br /> * ICAI Award 2015 instituted by [[Institute of Chartered Accountants of India]]. <br /> <br /> == Further reading ==<br /> <br /> * ''Democracy at work in an Indian industrial cooperative: the story of Kerala Dinesh Beedi'' . [[T. M. Thomas Isaac|Thomas Issac]], Richard W. Franke and Pyaralal Raghavan. Ithaca: [[Cornell University Press]]. 1998&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last1=Isaac|first1=T. M. Thomas|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.7591/j.ctv1nhkbf|title=Democracy at Work in an Indian Industrial Cooperative: The Story of Kerala Dinesh Beedi|last2=Franke|first2=Richard W.|last3=Raghavan|first3=Pyaralal|date=1998|publisher=Cornell University Press|isbn=978-0-8014-3384-9|jstor=10.7591/j.ctv1nhkbf }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * ''Dynamics of industrial cooperatives: a study of traditional industries in Kerala.'' Pyaralal Raghavan. PhD thesis: Jawaharlal Nehru University. 1995. <br /> * ''[https://scholarship.law.duke.edu/faculty_scholarship/1308/ When a Workers’ Cooperative Works: The Case of Kerala Dinesh Beedi].'' Mitu Gulati, [[T. M. Thomas Isaac]] and William A. Klein. UCLA Law Review 1417-1454 (2002).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last1=Gulati|first1=Mitu|last2=Isaac|first2=T. M. Thomas|last3=Klein|first3=William|date=2002-01-01|title=When a Workers' Cooperative Works: The Case of Kerala Dinesh Beedi|url=https://scholarship.law.duke.edu/faculty_scholarship/1308|journal=UCLA Law Review|volume=49|pages=1417–1454}}&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> &lt;references /&gt;<br /> <br /> <br /> [[Category:Cooperatives in Kerala]]<br /> [[Category:Companies based in Kerala]]<br /> [[Category:Economy of Kannur]]<br /> [[Category:1969 establishments in Kerala]]<br /> [[Category:Worker cooperatives of India]]</div>

Vinay https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Basirhat_railway_station&diff=461662 2025-12-01T12:26:46Z

<p>Vinay: </p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Railway station in West Bengal, India}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}<br /> {{Multiple issues|<br /> {{one source|date=January 2019}}<br /> {{third-party|date=January 2019}}<br /> }}<br /> {{Infobox station<br /> | name = Basirhat<br /> | symbol = s<br /> | symbol_location = kolkata<br /> | other_name = <br /> | style = Kolkata Suburban Railway<br /> | system = [[Kolkata Suburban Railway]]<br /> | image = Basirhat station 09.jpg<br /> | image_caption = Basirhat railway station<br /> | address = [[Basirhat]], [[North 24 Parganas district]], [[West Bengal]]<br /> | country = India<br /> | coordinates = {{coord|22.650255|N|88.869113|E|display=title,inline}}<br /> | elevation = {{convert|9|m|ft}}<br /> | owned = [[Indian Railways]]<br /> | operator = [[Eastern Railway zone|Eastern Railway]]<br /> | line = [[Sealdah–Hasnabad–Bangaon–Ranaghat line]] of [[Kolkata Suburban Railway]]<br /> | platform = 2(PF 1 and 2 are common) <br /> | tracks = 2<br /> | other = <br /> | accessible = Not available<br /> | bicycle = Not available<br /> | depth = <br /> | levels = <br /> | parking = Not available<br /> | structure = At grade<br /> | code = {{Indian railway code<br /> | code = BSHT<br /> | zone = [[Eastern Railway zone|Eastern Railway]]<br /> | division = [[Sealdah railway division|Sealdah]]<br /> }}<br /> | status = Functional<br /> | closed = <br /> | former = [[Barasat Basirhat Railway]]<br /> | opened = 1962<br /> | rebuilt = <br /> | electrified = 1972&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| url = http://irfca.org/docs/electrification-history.html |title = History of Electrification | publisher= IRFCA| access-date = 6 June 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | passengers = <br /> | mpassengers = <br /> | pass_system = <br /> | pass_year = <br /> | pass_percent = <br /> | services = {{Adjacent stations|system=Kolkata Suburban Railway|line=Eastern|left=Bhyabla Halt|right=Matania Anantapur|to-left=Sealdah|to-right=Hasnabad|type=[[Barasat–Hasnabad line]]}}<br /> | map_type = India West Bengal#India<br /> | map_dot_label = Basirhat<br /> | map_size = 300<br /> | map_caption = Location in West Bengal##Location in India<br /> | route_map = {{Sealdah–Hasnabad–Bangaon–Ranaghat line}}<br /> | map_state = collapsed<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Basirhat railway station(BSHT)'''&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.trainspnrstatus.com/station/basirhat|title=BASIRHAT (BSHT) Railway Station Train Time Table &amp; Code|website=www.trainspnrstatus.com|access-date=2020-03-05}}&lt;/ref&gt; is part of the [[Kolkata Suburban Railway]] system and operated by [[Eastern Railway zone|Eastern Railway]]. It is located at Basirhat on the [[Barasat–Hasnabad line]] in [[North 24 Parganas district]] in the Indian state of [[West Bengal]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| url=https://indiarailinfo.com/departures/7862|title=Basirhat railway station| website=India Rail Info}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Layout==<br /> {{Routemap<br /> | title = Basirhat track layout<br /> | title-bg=<br /> | legend = track<br /> | collapsible = yes<br /> | float = none<br /> | map =<br /> vCONTgfa<br /> cPLT\vSTR\cPLT ~~ ~~ ~~ to {{stnlnk|Hasnabad}}<br /> \cPLT\vSTR\cPLT\BUILDING<br /> cPLT\vSTR\cPLT ~~ ~~ ~~ to {{stnlnk|Sealdah}}<br /> vCONTgfe<br /> | bottom = {{center|Station with two tracks&lt;br&gt;and two side platforms}}<br /> }}<br /> <br /> ==Gallery==<br /> &lt;gallery widths=180&gt;<br /> File:Basirhat station 01.jpg|<br /> File:Basirhat 3.jpg|<br /> File:Basirhat rail station 4.jpg|<br /> File:Basirhat station 06.jpg|<br /> &lt;/gallery&gt;<br /> <br /> == See also ==<br /> {{stack|{{Portal|India|Trains}}}}<br /> {{columns-list|colwidth=22em|<br /> * [[North 24 Parganas district]]<br /> * [[Indian Railways]]<br /> * [[Sealdah railway station]]<br /> * [[Sealdah–Hasnabad–Bangaon–Ranaghat line]]<br /> * [[Bangaon Junction railway station]]<br /> * [[Transport in West Bengal]]<br /> * [[List of railway stations in India]]<br /> }}<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> == External links ==<br /> {{commons category|Basirhat railway station}}<br /> {{Wikivoyage|Rail travel in India}}<br /> * [http://indiarailinfo.com/station/map/7862 Basirhat Station Map]<br /> *{{Google maps|url=https://www.google.co.in/maps/place/Basirhat/@22.6503027,88.8689724,186m/data=!3m1!1e3!4m5!3m4!1s0x39ff56774a2a2631:0x1aea94435eeea3b1!8m2!3d22.6504229!4d88.8691203|title=Basirhat Railway station}}<br /> <br /> {{Railway stations in West Bengal}}<br /> {{Kolkata Suburban Railway, Eastern}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Railway stations in India opened in 1962]]<br /> [[Category:Sealdah railway division]]<br /> [[Category:Railway stations in North 24 Parganas district]]<br /> [[Category:Kolkata Suburban Railway stations]]<br /> [[Category:Basirhat]]<br /> <br /> <br /> {{WestBengal-railstation-stub}}</div>

Vinay https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Aarizal&diff=484059 2025-11-25T08:20:55Z

<p>Vinay: </p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Village in Jammu and Kashmir, India}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=May 2020}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=May 2020}}<br /> {{Infobox settlement<br /> | name = Arizal<br /> | settlement_type = Village<br /> | subdivision_type = Country<br /> | subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}<br /> | subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|Union territory]]<br /> | subdivision_name1 = [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]]<br /> | subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of Jammu and Kashmir|District]]<br /> | subdivision_name2 = [[Budgam district|Budgam]]<br /> | subdivision_type3 = Tehsil<br /> | subdivision_name3 = Khansahib<br /> | coordinates = {{coord|33.922|74.595|display=title,inline}}<br /> | named_for = River<br /> | government_type = Panchayat House Arizal<br /> | governing_body = Panchayat samiti<br /> | unit_pref = Metric<br /> | area_footnotes = <br /> | area_rank = <br /> | area_total_km2 = <br /> | elevation_footnotes = <br /> | elevation_m = 1668<br /> | population_total = 1,715<br /> | population_as_of = 2011<br /> | population_rank = <br /> | population_density_km2 = auto<br /> | population_demonym = [[English language|English]] : Arizalian <br /> [[Urdu]]: آريزال کے <br /> [[Kashmiri language|Kashmiri]]: ٲرٕزالٕکؠ<br /> | population_footnotes = <br /> | blank1_name_sec1 = Sex Ratio<br /> | blank1_info_sec1 = 841 [[female|♀]]/ 874 [[male|♂]]<br /> | demographics_type1 = Languages<br /> | demographics1_title1 = Official<br /> | demographics1_info1 = [[Kashmiri language|Kashmiri]], [[Urdu]], [[Hindi]], [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]], [[English language|English]]&lt;ref name=&quot;OfficialLang&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://egazette.nic.in/WriteReadData/2020/222037.pdf |title=The Jammu and Kashmir Official Languages Act, 2020 |publisher=The Gazette of India|date=27 September 2020 |access-date=27 September 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news | title=Parliament passes JK Official Languages Bill, 2020 | work=Rising Kashmir | date=23 September 2020 | url=http://risingkashmir.com/news/parliament-passes-jk-official-languages-bill-2020 | access-date=23 September 2020 | archive-date=24 September 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200924141909/http://risingkashmir.com/news/parliament-passes-jk-official-languages-bill-2020 | url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | demographics1_title2 = Spoken<br /> | demographics1_info2 = [[Kashmiri language|Kashmiri]]<br /> | timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]<br /> | utc_offset1 = +5:30<br /> | postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]<br /> | postal_code = 193411<br /> | registration_plate = JK04<br /> | blank_name_sec1 = Religion<br /> | blank_info_sec1 = [[Islam]]<br /> | blank_name_sec2 = Ethnicity<br /> | blank_info_sec2 = [[Kashmiris]]<br /> | footnotes = <br /> | area_total_ha = 133<br /> | image_skyline = Arizal, Jammu and Kashmir.jpg<br /> | official_name = The Arizal Village Council<br /> }}<br /> '''Arizal''' ([[Kashmiri language|Kashmiri]]: ٲرٕزال, ''Ȫrüzāl''; [[Hindustani language|Hindustani]]: आरीज़ाल, ''Ārīzāl'') is a village in [[Budgam district]] in [[Kashmir]] region of Indian Union Territory [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]].&lt;ref name=&quot;budgam.nic.in&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Gram Sabha Arizal Block Sukhnag, district Budgam {{!}} District Budgam, Government of Jammu &amp; Kashmir {{!}} India |url=https://budgam.nic.in/gallery/back-to-village/19-2/ |access-date=2023-10-09 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; It is situated at the base of the [[Pir Panjal Range]] of the [[Himalayas]], in the [[Sukhnag River|Sukhnag Valley]]. It falls under the administrative division of tehsil [[Khan Sahib, Jammu and Kashmir|Khansahib]], (block Sukhnag) which is one of the nine tehsils of district [[Budgam district|Budgam]].&lt;ref name=&quot;budgam.nic.in&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=District Budgam |url=https://ceojk.nic.in/pdf/panchayat%20election%202017/Panchayat%20gazzete%20notification/budgam.pdf |website=CEOJK.NIC.IN}}&lt;/ref&gt; It lies at a distance of about {{convert|35|km}} from the district headquarters Budgam, {{convert|16|km}} from the sub-district headquarters Khansahib, and {{convert|45|km}} away from [[Srinagar]], the summer capital of Jammu and Kashmir.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Arizal village, Budgam (ANI)|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/jk-police-busts-let-terror-module-in-budgam-5-terror-associates-arrested/articleshow/75770821.cms|website=timesofindia.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> According to the 2011 census, it had a population of 1,715.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite report|title = District Census Handbook: Badgam| url = https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/0102_PART_B_DCHB_BADGAM.pdf| page= 118}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Etymology==<br /> <br /> ==Demographics==<br /> <br /> === Population ===<br /> As of [[2011 Census of India|2011 census]], the population of Arizal is 1715 of which 874 (51%) are males while the remaining 841 (49%) are females and a total number of 467 children (217 boys and 250 girls) below 6 years as per the report. There are about 252 houses in Arizal village.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Census of India: Search Details|url=https://censusindia.gov.in/pca/SearchDetails.aspx?Id=633|access-date=2021-09-24|website=censusindia.gov.in}}&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> {{Bar box<br /> |bars = {{bar percent|[[Male]]s|green|51}}<br /> {{bar percent|[[Female]]s|purple|49}}<br /> |caption = Distribution of Population <br /> {{citation needed|date=March 2021}}<br /> |float = none<br /> |left1 = Population<br /> |Right1 = Percent<br /> |title = Population (%)<br /> |titlebar = #Fcd116}}<br /> <br /> === Religion ===<br /> {{Bar box<br /> |bars = {{bar percent|[[Islam]]|green|100}}<br /> {{bar percent|Others|white|0}}<br /> |caption = Distribution of Population on Religion <br /> {{citation needed|date=March 2021}}<br /> |float = none<br /> |left1 = Religion<br /> |Right1 = Percent<br /> |title = Religions<br /> |titlebar = #Fcd116}}<br /> {{Bar box<br /> |bars = {{bar percent|[[Sunni Islam|Sunni]]|green|100}}<br /> {{bar percent|Others|white|0}}<br /> |caption = Distribution of Sects on Religion <br /> {{citation needed|date=March 2021}}<br /> |float = none<br /> |left1 = Sects of Islam<br /> |Right1 = Percent<br /> |title = Sects of Islam<br /> |titlebar = #Fcd116}}<br /> People in all the hamlets of Arizal follow [[Islam]] and the whole of the population of Arizal belong to [[Sunni Islam|Sunni]] sect of [[Islam]]. Most of the people of the village follows the [[Hanafi |Hanafi School Of Thought]]. However Rising Tendency towards [[Salafi movement|Salafi School Of Thought]]&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Can't be Underestimated. Religious education is imparted through ''[[Madrasas]]'' either early in the morning or in the evening time.{{citation needed|date=March 2021}}<br /> [[Imam|Ghulam Ali Malik]] is the [[Imam]] (Religious head) of the village.<br /> <br /> == See also ==<br /> * [[Rathsoon]]<br /> * [[Aripanthan]]<br /> * [[Beerwah, Jammu and Kashmir]]<br /> * [[Ohangam]]<br /> *[[Sonapah]]<br /> *[[Wanihama]]<br /> *[[Meerpora]]<br /> *[[Kandoora|Kandour]]<br /> *[[Chewdara]]<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{Budgam district}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Villages in Budgam district]]</div>

Vinay https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=India_at_the_2000_Summer_Olympics&diff=450829 2025-11-23T15:09:28Z

<p>Vinay: Page updated with relevant improvements</p> <hr /> <div>{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2020}}<br /> {{infobox country at games<br /> | NOC = IND<br /> | NOCname = [[Indian Olympic Association]]<br /> | games = Summer Olympics<br /> | year = 2000<br /> | flagcaption = <br /> | oldcode = <br /> | website = {{url|olympic.ind.in}}<br /> | location = [[Sydney]]<br /> | competitors = 65 in 13 sports<br /> | sports = <br /> | flagbearer = [[Leander Paes]]<br /> | rank = 71<br /> | gold = 0<br /> | silver = 0<br /> | bronze = 1<br /> | officials = <br /> | appearances = auto<br /> | app_begin_year = 1900<br /> | app_end_year = <br /> | summerappearances = <br /> | winterappearances = <br /> | seealso = <br /> }}<br /> <br /> India competed at the [[2000 Summer Olympics]] in [[Sydney]], Australia.<br /> <br /> ==Medalists==<br /> {{Main|2000 Summer Olympics medal count}}<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;font-size:95%&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Medal<br /> ! Name<br /> ! Sport<br /> ! Events<br /> ! Date<br /> |-<br /> | {{Bronze medal}} || [[Karnam Malleswari]] || [[Weightlifting at the 2000 Summer Olympics|Weightlifting]] || [[Weightlifting at the 2000 Summer Olympics – Women's 69 kg|Women's 69 kg]] ||19 Sep<br /> |}<br /> <br /> == Competitors ==<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;<br /> |+<br /> !Sports<br /> !Men<br /> !Women<br /> !Total<br /> !Events<br /> |-<br /> | align=left|[[Athletics at the 2000 Summer Olympics|Athletics]] ||12 ||12 ||24 ||12<br /> |-<br /> | align=left|[[Badminton at the 2000 Summer Olympics|Badminton]] ||1 ||1 ||2 ||2<br /> |-<br /> | align=left|[[Boxing at the 2000 Summer Olympics|Boxing]] ||4 ||0 ||4 ||4<br /> |-<br /> | align=left|[[Equestrian at the 2000 Summer Olympics|Equestrian]] ||1 ||0 ||1 ||1<br /> |-<br /> | align=left|[[Field hockey at the 2000 Summer Olympics|Field hockey]] ||16 ||0 ||16 ||1<br /> |-<br /> | align=left|[[Judo at the 2000 Summer Olympics|Judo]] ||0 ||1 ||1 ||1<br /> |-<br /> | align=left|[[Rowing at the 2000 Summer Olympics|Rowing]] ||2 ||0 ||2 ||1<br /> |-<br /> | align=left|[[Shooting at the 2000 Summer Olympics|Shooting]] ||2 ||1 ||3 ||3<br /> |-<br /> | align=left|[[Swimming at the 2000 Summer Olympics|Swimming]] ||1 ||1 ||2 ||2<br /> |-<br /> | align=left|[[Table tennis at the 2000 Summer Olympics|Table tennis]] ||1 ||1 ||2 ||2<br /> |-<br /> | align=left|[[Tennis at the 2000 Summer Olympics|Tennis]] ||2 ||2 ||4 ||3<br /> |-<br /> | align=left|[[Weightlifting at the 2000 Summer Olympics|Weightlifting]] ||1 ||2 ||3 ||3<br /> |-<br /> | align=left|[[Wrestling at the 2000 Summer Olympics|Wrestling]] ||1 ||0 ||1 ||1<br /> |- class=&quot;sortbottom&quot;<br /> !Total<br /> !44<br /> !21<br /> !65<br /> !36<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Athletics==<br /> {{Main|Athletics at the 2000 Summer Olympics}}<br /> <br /> {{Smalldiv|1=&lt;nowiki/&gt;<br /> <br /> ;Key<br /> *'''Note'''–Ranks given for track events are within the athlete's heat only<br /> *'''Q''' = Qualified for the next round<br /> *'''q''' = Qualified for the next round as a fastest loser ''or'', in field events, by position without achieving the qualifying target<br /> *'''NR''' = National record<br /> *'''SB''' = Seasonal best<br /> *N/A = Round not applicable for the event<br /> *Bye = Athlete not required to compete in round}}<br /> <br /> === Track &amp; road events ===<br /> <br /> ==== Men ====<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;<br /> |+<br /> ! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Athlete<br /> ! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Event<br /> ! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Heats<br /> ! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Quarter Finals<br /> ! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Semi Finals<br /> ! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Final<br /> |-<br /> !Result<br /> !Rank<br /> !Result<br /> !Rank<br /> !Result<br /> !Rank<br /> !Result<br /> !Rank<br /> |-<br /> | align= left | [[Paramjit Singh (athlete)|Paramjit Singh]]<br /> | align= left | [[Athletics at the 2000 Summer Olympics – Men's 400 metres|Men's 400m]]<br /> |46.64<br /> |6<br /> | colspan=&quot;6&quot; |Did Not Advance<br /> |-<br /> | align= left | [[Rajeev Bala Krishnan]]<br /> [[C. Thirugnana Durai]]<br /> <br /> [[Anil Kumar Prakash]]<br /> <br /> [[Anand Menezes]]<br /> | align=&quot;left&quot; |[[Athletics at the 2000 Summer Olympics – Men's 4 × 100 metres relay|Men's 4 × 100 m]]<br /> |40.23<br /> |7<br /> ! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |N/A<br /> | colspan=&quot;4&quot; |Did Not Advance<br /> |-<br /> | align=&quot;left&quot; |[[Lijo David Thottan]]<br /> [[Purukottam Ramachandran]]<br /> <br /> [[Jata Shankar]]<br /> <br /> [[Paramjit Singh (athlete)|Paramjit Singh]]<br /> | align=&quot;left&quot; |[[Athletics at the 2000 Summer Olympics – Men's 4 × 400 metres relay|Men's 4 × 400 m]]<br /> |3:08.38<br /> |4<br /> ! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |N/A<br /> | colspan=&quot;4&quot; |Did Not Advance<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==== Women ====<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;<br /> |+<br /> ! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Athlete<br /> ! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Event<br /> ! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Heats<br /> ! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |QuarterFinals<br /> ! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |SemiFinals<br /> ! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Final<br /> |-<br /> !Result<br /> !Rank<br /> !Result<br /> !Rank<br /> !Result<br /> !Rank<br /> !Result<br /> !Rank<br /> |-<br /> | align= left | [[K. M. Beenamol|Beena Mol K. M.]]<br /> | align= left | [[Athletics at the 2000 Summer Olympics – Women's 400 metres|Women's 400 m]]<br /> |51.51<br /> |1 '''Q'''<br /> |51.81<br /> |4 '''Q'''<br /> |52.04<br /> |8<br /> | colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Did Not Advance<br /> |-<br /> | align= left | [[Saraswati Dey]]<br /> [[Rachita Mistry]]<br /> <br /> [[Vinita Tripathi]]<br /> <br /> [[Valdivel Jayalakshmi]]<br /> | align=&quot;left&quot; |[[Athletics at the 2000 Summer Olympics – Women's 4 × 100 metres relay|Women's 4 × 100 m]]<br /> |45.20<br /> |6<br /> ! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |N/A<br /> | colspan=&quot;4&quot; |Did Not Advance<br /> |-<br /> | align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Paramjeet Kaur]]<br /> [[Jincy Phillip]]<br /> <br /> [[K.M.Beena Mol]]<br /> <br /> [[Rosa Kutty]]<br /> | align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Athletics at the 2000 Summer Olympics – Women's 4 × 400 metres relay|Women's 4 × 400 m]]<br /> |3:31.46<br /> |6<br /> ! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |N/A<br /> | colspan=&quot;4&quot; |Did Not Advance<br /> |}<br /> <br /> === Field Events ===<br /> <br /> ==== Men ====<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;<br /> |+<br /> ! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Athlete<br /> ! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Events<br /> ! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Qualification<br /> ! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Final<br /> |-<br /> !Distance<br /> !Result<br /> !Distance<br /> !Result<br /> |-<br /> | align= left | [[Bahadur Singh Sagoo]]<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; align= left |[[Athletics at the 2000 Summer Olympics – Men's shot put|Men's Shot Put]]<br /> |18.70<br /> |27<br /> | colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Did Not Advance<br /> |-<br /> | align= left | [[Shakti Singh (sportsman)|Shakti Singh]]<br /> |18.40<br /> |32<br /> | colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Did Not Advance<br /> |-<br /> | align= left | [[Jagdish Bishnoi]]<br /> | align= left | [[Athletics at the 2000 Summer Olympics – Men's javelin throw|Men's Javelin Throw]]<br /> |70.86<br /> |30<br /> | colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Did Not Advance<br /> |-<br /> | align= left | [[Rai Sanjay Khumar]]<br /> | align= left | [[Athletics at the 2000 Summer Olympics – Men's long jump|Men's Long Jump]]<br /> |NM<br /> | -<br /> | colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Did Not Advance<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==== Women ====<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;<br /> |+<br /> ! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Athlete<br /> ! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Event<br /> ! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Qualification<br /> ! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Final<br /> |-<br /> !Distance<br /> !Result<br /> !Distance<br /> !Result<br /> |-<br /> | align= left | [[Neelam Jaswant Singh]]<br /> | align= left | [[Athletics at the 2000 Summer Olympics – Women's javelin throw|Women's Discus Throw]]<br /> |55.26<br /> |26<br /> | colspan=&quot;2&quot; |did not advance<br /> |-<br /> | align= left | [[Gurmeet Kaur]]<br /> | align= left | [[Athletics at the 2000 Summer Olympics – Women's javelin throw|Women's Javelin Throw]]<br /> |52.78<br /> |32<br /> | colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Did Not Advance<br /> |}<br /> <br /> === Combined – Women's heptathlon ===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;<br /> |+<br /> !Athlete<br /> !Event<br /> !100 metres<br /> Hurdles<br /> !High<br /> Jump<br /> !Shot<br /> Put<br /> !200 metres<br /> !Long<br /> Jump<br /> !Javelin <br /> Throw<br /> !800 metres<br /> !Total Points<br /> !Rank<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; align= left |[[Pramila Aiyappa|Pramila Ganapathy]]<br /> !Results<br /> |14.22<br /> |1.69<br /> |11.14<br /> |24.69<br /> |5.96<br /> |36.02<br /> |02:20.86<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |5548<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |24<br /> |-<br /> !Points<br /> |947<br /> |842<br /> |604<br /> |915<br /> |837<br /> |591<br /> |812<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; align= left |[[Soma Biswas]]<br /> !Results<br /> |14.11<br /> |1.63<br /> |11.69<br /> |24.73<br /> |5.64<br /> |39.59<br /> |02:22.17<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |5481<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |25<br /> |-<br /> !Points<br /> |963<br /> |771<br /> |641<br /> |912<br /> |741<br /> |659<br /> |794<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Badminton==<br /> {{Main|Badminton at the 2000 Summer Olympics}}<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;<br /> |+<br /> ! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Athlete<br /> ! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Event<br /> !Round of 64<br /> !Round of 32<br /> !Round of 16<br /> !Quarter Finals<br /> !Semi Finals<br /> ! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Final<br /> |-<br /> !Opposition<br /> Result<br /> !Opposition<br /> Result<br /> !Opposition<br /> Result<br /> !Opposition<br /> Result<br /> !Opposition<br /> Result<br /> !Opposition<br /> Result<br /> !Rank<br /> |-<br /> | align= left| [[Pullela Gopichand]]<br /> | align= left| [[Badminton at the 2000 Summer Olympics – Men's singles|Men's singles]]<br /> !Bye<br /> |{{FlagIOCathlete|[[Vladislav Druzchenko]]|UKR|2000 Summer}}<br /> '''W''' 15–3, 10–15, 15–7<br /> |{{FlagIOCathlete|[[Hendrawan]]|INA|2000 Summer}}<br /> '''L''' 9–15, 4–15<br /> | colspan=&quot;4&quot; |Did not advance<br /> |-<br /> | align= left| [[Aparna Popat]]<br /> | align= left| [[Badminton at the 2000 Summer Olympics – Women's singles|Women's singles]]<br /> |{{FlagIOCathlete|[[Kelly Morgan]]|GBR|2000 Summer}}<br /> '''L''' 11–5, 7–11, 2–11<br /> | colspan=&quot;6&quot; |Did not advance<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Boxing==<br /> {{Main|Boxing at the 2000 Summer Olympics}}<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;<br /> |+<br /> ! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Athlete<br /> ! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Event<br /> !Round of 32<br /> !Round of 16<br /> !Quarter Finals<br /> !Semi Finals<br /> ! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Final<br /> |-<br /> !Opposition<br /> Result<br /> !Opposition<br /> Result<br /> !Opposition<br /> Result<br /> !Opposition<br /> Result<br /> !Opposition<br /> Result<br /> !Rank<br /> |-<br /> | align= left| [[Soubam Suresh Singh]]<br /> | align= left| [[Boxing at the 2000 Summer Olympics – Light flyweight|Men's Light Flyweight (48kg)]]<br /> |{{FlagIOCathlete|[[Kim Ki-Suk]]|KOR|2000 Summer}}<br /> '''L''' 5-9<br /> |<br /> | colspan=&quot;4&quot; |Did Not Advance<br /> |-<br /> | align= left| [[Dingko Singh]]<br /> | align= left| [[Boxing at the 2000 Summer Olympics – Bantamweight|Men's Bantamweight (54kg)]]<br /> !N/A<br /> |{{FlagIOCathlete|[[Sergey Danilchenko]]|UKR|2000 Summer}}<br /> '''L''' 5-14<br /> | colspan=&quot;4&quot; |Did Not Advance<br /> |-<br /> | align= left| [[Jitender Kumar (middleweight boxer)|Jitender Kumar]]<br /> | align= left| [[Boxing at the 2000 Summer Olympics – Middleweight|Men's Middleweight (75kg)]]<br /> |{{FlagIOCathlete|[[Donald Orr]]|CAN|2000 Summer}}<br /> '''W''' RSC<br /> |{{FlagIOCathlete|[[Adrian Diaconu]]|ROU|2000 Summer}}<br /> '''L''' 3-12<br /> | colspan=&quot;4&quot; |Did Not Advance<br /> |-<br /> | align= left| [[Gurcharan Singh (boxer)|Gurcharan Singh]]<br /> | align= left| [[Boxing at the 2000 Summer Olympics – Light heavyweight|Men's Light Heavyweight (81kg)]]<br /> |{{FlagIOCathlete|[[Choi Ki-Soo]]|KOR|2000 Summer}}<br /> '''W''' 11-9<br /> |{{FlagIOCathlete|Danie Venter|RSA|2000 Summer}}<br /> '''W''' RSC<br /> |{{FlagIOCathlete|[[Andriy Fedchuk]]|UKR|2000 Summer}}<br /> '''L''' 12-12&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> | colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Did Not Advance<br /> |}<br /> <br /> == Equestrian ==<br /> {{Main|Equestrian at the 2000 Summer Olympics}}<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;<br /> |+<br /> !Athlete<br /> !Event<br /> !Horse<br /> !Dressage<br /> !Cross Country<br /> !Jumping<br /> !'''Total'''<br /> '''Penalty'''<br /> <br /> '''Points'''<br /> !Ranking<br /> |-<br /> | align= left| [[Imtiaz Anees]]<br /> | align= left| [[Equestrian at the 2000 Summer Olympics – Individual eventing|Individual Eventing]]<br /> | align= left| [[Spring Invader]]<br /> |61.0<br /> |165.2<br /> |10.0<br /> |236.2<br /> |23<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Field hockey==<br /> {{Main|Field hockey at the 2000 Summer Olympics}}<br /> The Indian field hockey team didn't make it to the semis, and finished in '''seventh''' position after a 2–3 loss against England in the classification match.<br /> <br /> Roster:<br /> <br /> * [[Jude Menezes]] (gk)<br /> * [[Devesh Chauhan]] (gk) <br /> * [[Dilip Tirkey]]<br /> * [[Dinesh Nayak]]<br /> * [[Lazarus Barla]]<br /> * [[Baljit Singh Saini]]<br /> * [[Sukhbir Singh Gill]]<br /> * [[Mohammed Riaz]]<br /> * [[Thirumal Valavan]]<br /> * [[Ramandeep Singh (field hockey, born 1971)|Ramandeep Singh]] (captain)<br /> * [[Mukesh Kumar (field hockey)|Mukesh Kumar]]<br /> * [[Dhanraj Pillay]]<br /> * [[Baljit Singh Dhillon]]<br /> * [[Sameer Dad]]<br /> * [[Deepak Thakur]]<br /> * [[Gagan Ajit Singh]]<br /> <br /> ==Judo==<br /> {{Main|Judo at the 2000 Summer Olympics}}<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;<br /> |+<br /> !Athlete<br /> !Event<br /> !Round 1<br /> !Round 2<br /> !QuarterFinals<br /> !SemiFinals<br /> !Final<br /> |-<br /> | align= left | [[Lourembam Brojeshori Devi]]<br /> | align= left | [[Judo at the 2000 Summer Olympics – Women's 52 kg#Main Bracket|Women's 52 kg]]<br /> |{{FlagIOCathlete|[[Arijana Jaha]]|BIH|2000 Summer}}<br /> Won<br /> |{{FlagIOCathlete|[[Ulrike Kaiser]]|LIE|2000 Summer}}<br /> Loss<br /> | colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Did Not Advance<br /> |}<br /> <br /> == Rowing ==<br /> {{Main|Rowing at the 2000 Summer Olympics}}<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;<br /> |+<br /> ! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Athlete<br /> ! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Event<br /> ! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Heats<br /> ! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Repachage<br /> ! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |SemiFinals<br /> ! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Final<br /> |-<br /> !Time<br /> !Rank<br /> !Time<br /> !Rank<br /> !Time<br /> !Rank<br /> !Time<br /> !Rank<br /> |-<br /> | align= left | [[Kasam Khan]]<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; align= left |[[Rowing at the 2000 Summer Olympics – Men's coxless pair|Men's coxless pair]]<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |7:09.94<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |5 '''R'''<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |7:16.10<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |6<br /> | colspan=&quot;4&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Did Not Advance<br /> |-<br /> | align= left | [[Inderpal Singh (rower)|Inderpal Singh]]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> == Shooting ==<br /> {{Main|Shooting at the 2000 Summer Olympics}}<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;<br /> |+<br /> ! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Athlete<br /> ! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Event<br /> ! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Qualification<br /> ! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Final<br /> |-<br /> !Score<br /> !Rank<br /> !Score<br /> !Rank<br /> |-<br /> | align= left | [[Anwer Sultan]]<br /> | align= left | [[Shooting at the 2000 Summer Olympics – Men's trap|Men's Trap]]<br /> |108<br /> |26<br /> | colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Did Not Advance<br /> |-<br /> | align= left | [[Abhinav Bindra]]<br /> | align= left | [[Shooting at the 2000 Summer Olympics – Men's 10 metre air rifle|Men's 10m Air Rifle]]<br /> |590<br /> |11<br /> | colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Did Not Advance<br /> |-<br /> | align= left | [[Anjali Bhagwat|Anjali Vedpathak]]<br /> | align= left | [[Shooting at the 2000 Summer Olympics – Women's 10 metre air rifle|Women's 10m Air Rifle]]<br /> |394<br /> |7 Q<br /> |493.1<br /> |8<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Swimming==<br /> {{Main|Swimming at the 2000 Summer Olympics}}<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;<br /> |+<br /> ! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Athlete<br /> ! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Event<br /> ! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Heat<br /> ! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Semi Finals<br /> ! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Final<br /> |-<br /> !Time <br /> !Rank<br /> !Time<br /> !Rank<br /> !Time<br /> !Rank<br /> |-<br /> | align= left | [[Hakimuddin Shabbir Habibulla]]<br /> | align= left | [[Swimming at the 2000 Summer Olympics – Men's 200 metre freestyle|Men's 200 m Freestyle]]<br /> |1:58.35<br /> |50<br /> | colspan=&quot;4&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Did Not Advance<br /> |-<br /> | align= left | [[Nisha Millet]]<br /> | align= left | [[Swimming at the 2000 Summer Olympics – Women's 200 metre breaststroke|Women's 200 m Freestyle]]<br /> |2:08:89<br /> |37<br /> |}<br /> <br /> == Table Tennis ==<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;<br /> |+<br /> ! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Athlete<br /> ! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Event<br /> ! colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Group Stage<br /> !Round of 32<br /> !Round of 16<br /> !Quarter Finals<br /> !Semi Finals<br /> ! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Final<br /> |-<br /> !Opposition<br /> Result<br /> !Opposition<br /> Result<br /> !Rank<br /> !Opposition<br /> Result<br /> !Opposition<br /> Result<br /> !Opposition<br /> Result<br /> !Opposition<br /> Result<br /> !Opposition<br /> Result<br /> !Rank<br /> |-<br /> | align= left | [[Chetan Baboor]]<br /> | align= left | [[Table tennis at the 2000 Summer Olympics – Men's singles|Men's singles]]<br /> |{{FlagIOCathlete|[[Petr Korbel]]|CZE|2000 Summer}}<br /> '''L''' 1-3<br /> |{{FlagIOCathlete|[[Peter Jackson]]|NZL|2000 Summer}}<br /> '''W''' 3-0<br /> |2<br /> | colspan=&quot;6&quot; |Did Not Advance<br /> |-<br /> | align= left | [[Poulomi Ghatak]]<br /> | align= left | [[Table tennis at the 2000 Summer Olympics – Women's singles|Women's singles]]<br /> |{{FlagIOCathlete|[[Anne Boileau]]|FRA|2000 Summer}}<br /> '''L''' 0-3<br /> |{{FlagIOCathlete|[[Veronika Pavlovich]]|BLR|2000 Summer}}<br /> '''L''' 0-3<br /> |3<br /> | colspan=&quot;6&quot; |Did Not Advance<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Tennis==<br /> {{Main|Tennis at the 2000 Summer Olympics}}<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;<br /> |+<br /> ! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Athlete<br /> ! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Event<br /> !Round 1<br /> !Round 2<br /> !Round 3<br /> !Quarter Finals<br /> !Semi Finals<br /> ! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Final/BM<br /> |-<br /> !Opposition<br /> Result<br /> !Opposition<br /> Result<br /> !Opposition<br /> Result<br /> !Opposition<br /> Result<br /> !Opposition<br /> <br /> Result<br /> !Opposition<br /> <br /> Result<br /> !Rank<br /> |-<br /> | align=&quot;left&quot; |[[Leander Paes]]<br /> | align= left | [[Tennis at the 2000 Summer Olympics – Men's singles|Men's singles]]<br /> |{{FlagIOCathlete|[[Mikael Tillström]]|SWE|2000 Summer}}<br /> <br /> '''L''' 2–6, 4–6<br /> | colspan=&quot;6&quot; |Did not advance<br /> |-<br /> | align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Leander Paes]]<br /> [[Mahesh Bhupathi]]<br /> |[[Tennis at the 2000 Summer Olympics – Men's doubles|Men's doubles]]<br /> |{{FlagIOCathlete|[[Andrei Pavel|Pavel]]/ &lt;br&gt; [[Gabriel Trifu|Trifu]]|ROU|2000 Summer}}<br /> <br /> '''W''' 6–3, 6–3<br /> |{{FlagIOCathlete|[[Mark Woodforde|Woodforde]] / &lt;br&gt;[[Todd Woodbridge|Woodbridge]]|AUS|2000 Summer}}<br /> '''L''' 3–6, 6–7<br /> | colspan=&quot;5&quot; |Did not advance<br /> |-<br /> | align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Manisha Malhotra]]<br /> [[Nirupama Vaidyanathan]]<br /> | align=&quot;left&quot; |[[Tennis at the 2000 Summer Olympics – Women's doubles|Women's doubles]]<br /> |{{FlagIOCathlete|[[Jelena Dokic|Dokic]]/<br /> <br /> [[Rennae Stubbs|Stubbs]]|AUS|2000 Summer}}<br /> '''L''' 0–6, 0–6<br /> | colspan=&quot;6&quot; |Did not advance<br /> |}<br /> <br /> == Weightlifting==<br /> {{main|Weightlifting at the 2000 Summer Olympics}}<br /> '''Men'''<br /> {| class=wikitable style=&quot;font-size:95%; text-align:center&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !rowspan=&quot;2&quot;|Athlete<br /> !rowspan=&quot;2&quot;|Event<br /> !colspan=&quot;3&quot;|Snatch<br /> !colspan=&quot;3&quot;|Clean &amp; Jerk<br /> !rowspan=&quot;2&quot;|Total<br /> !rowspan=&quot;2&quot;|Rank<br /> |-<br /> !1<br /> !2<br /> !3<br /> !1<br /> !2<br /> !3<br /> |-<br /> |align= left|[[Thandava Murthy Muthu]]<br /> |align=left|[[Weightlifting at the 2000 Summer Olympics – Men's 56 kg|&amp;ndash; 56 kg]]<br /> |align=center|105.0<br /> |align=center|110.0<br /> |align=center|&lt;s&gt;112.5&lt;/s&gt;<br /> |align=center|130.50<br /> |align=center|&lt;s&gt;135.0&lt;/s&gt;<br /> |align=center|135.0<br /> |align=center|245.0<br /> |align=center|16<br /> |}<br /> &lt;br /&gt;'''Women'''<br /> {|class=wikitable style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !rowspan=&quot;2&quot;|Athlete<br /> !rowspan=&quot;2&quot;|Event<br /> !colspan=&quot;3&quot;|Snatch<br /> !colspan=&quot;3&quot;|Clean &amp; Jerk<br /> !rowspan=&quot;2&quot;|Total<br /> !rowspan=&quot;2&quot;|Rank<br /> |-<br /> !1<br /> !2<br /> !3<br /> !1<br /> !2<br /> !3<br /> |-<br /> | align= left | [[Sanamacha Chanu]]<br /> | align= left | [[Weightlifting at the 2000 Summer Olympics – Women's 53 kg|&amp;ndash; 53 kg]]<br /> |80.0<br /> |85.0<br /> |&lt;s&gt;87.5&lt;/s&gt;<br /> |105.0<br /> |110.0<br /> |&lt;s&gt;117.5&lt;/s&gt;<br /> |195.0<br /> |6<br /> |-<br /> | width=&quot;30%&quot; align= left |[[Karnam Malleswari]]<br /> | align=&quot;left&quot; |[[Weightlifting at the 2000 Summer Olympics – Women's 69 kg|&amp;ndash; 69 kg]]<br /> | align=&quot;center&quot; |105.0<br /> | align=&quot;center&quot; |107.5<br /> | align=&quot;center&quot; |110.0<br /> | align=&quot;center&quot; |125.0<br /> | align=&quot;center&quot; |130.0<br /> | align=&quot;center&quot; |&lt;s&gt;137.5&lt;/s&gt;<br /> | align=&quot;center&quot; |240.0<br /> | align=&quot;center&quot; |{{bronze3}}<br /> |}<br /> <br /> == Wrestling ==<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;<br /> |+<br /> ! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Athlete<br /> ! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Event<br /> !<br /> ! colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Group Stage<br /> !QuarterFinals<br /> !SemiFinals<br /> !Final<br /> |-<br /> !Opposition<br /> Result<br /> !Opposition<br /> Result<br /> !Opposition<br /> Result<br /> !Rank<br /> !Opposition<br /> Result<br /> !Opposition<br /> Result<br /> !Opposition<br /> Result<br /> |-<br /> | align= left | [[Gurbinder Singh]]<br /> | align= left | [[Wrestling at the 2000 Summer Olympics – Men's Greco-Roman 63 kg|Men's Greco Roman -63 kg]]<br /> |{{FlagIOCathlete|[[Juan Marén]]|CUB|2000 Summer}}<br /> '''L''' 0-3 &lt;sup&gt;PO&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> |{{FlagIOCathlete|[[Yassine Djakrir]]|ALG|2000 Summer}}<br /> '''W''' 3-0 &lt;sup&gt;PO&lt;/sup&gt; <br /> |{{FlagIOCathlete|[[Mkhitar Manukyan]]|KAZ|2000 Summer}}<br /> '''L''' 1-3 &lt;sup&gt;PP&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> |3<br /> | colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Did Not Advance<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> *Wallechinsky, David (2004). ''The Complete Book of the Summer Olympics (Athens 2004 Edition)''. Toronto, Canada. {{ISBN|1-894963-32-6}}.<br /> *International Olympic Committee (2001). [https://webarchive.nla.gov.au/awa/20020918140000/http://pandora.nla.gov.au/pan/13323/20020919-0000/www.gamesinfo.com.au/results/results.pdf The Results]{{cbignore|bot=medic}}. Retrieved 12 November 2005.<br /> *Sydney Organising Committee for the Olympic Games (2001). [https://web.archive.org/web/20001109071400/http://www.olympics.com/eng/ Official Report of the XXVII Olympiad Volume 1: Preparing for the Games]. Retrieved 20 November 2005.<br /> *Sydney Organising Committee for the Olympic Games (2001). [https://web.archive.org/web/20090327000622/http://www.la84foundation.org/6oic/OfficialReports/2000/2000v2.pdf Official Report of the XXVII Olympiad Volume 2: Celebrating the Games]. Retrieved 20 November 2005.<br /> *Sydney Organising Committee for the Olympic Games (2001). [https://web.archive.org/web/20070927222411/http://www.la84foundation.org/6oic/OfficialReports/2000/Results.pdf The Results]. Retrieved 20 November 2005.<br /> *[http://www.olympic.org International Olympic Committee Web Site]<br /> <br /> {{NOCin2000SummerOlympics}}<br /> {{Country at games navbox|India|Olympics}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:India At The 2000 Summer Olympics}}<br /> [[Category:Nations at the 2000 Summer Olympics]]<br /> [[Category:India at the Summer Olympics by year|2000 Summer Olympics]]<br /> [[Category:2000 in Indian sport|Summer Olympics]]</div>

Vinay https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Goshamahal&diff=465454 2025-11-21T00:30:43Z

<p>Vinay: </p> <hr /> <div>{{more citations needed|date=August 2020}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=January 2017}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=January 2017}}<br /> {{Infobox settlement<br /> | name = Goshamahal<br /> | other_name = Goshamahal Topkhana<br /> | nickname = <br /> | settlement_type = Suburb<br /> | pushpin_map = India Hyderabad#India Telangana#India<br /> | pushpin_label_position = <br /> | pushpin_map_alt = <br /> | pushpin_map_caption = Location in Telangana, India<br /> | coordinates = {{coord|17|23|N|78|28|E|display=title|region:IN_type:city_source:GNS-enwiki}}<br /> | subdivision_type = Country<br /> | subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}<br /> | subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]<br /> | subdivision_name1 = [[Telangana]]<br /> | subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]<br /> | subdivision_name2 = [[Hyderabad District, India|Hyderabad District]]<br /> | established_title = &lt;!--Goshamahal Topkhana--&gt;<br /> | established_date = <br /> | founder = <br /> | named_for = <br /> | government_type = democratic<br /> | governing_body = [[GHMC]]<br /> | unit_pref = Metric<br /> | area_footnotes = <br /> | area_rank = 2nd<br /> | area_total_km2 = <br /> | elevation_footnotes = <br /> | elevation_m = <br /> | population_total = <br /> | population_as_of = <br /> | population_rank = <br /> | population_density_km2 = auto<br /> | population_demonym = <br /> | population_footnotes = <br /> | leader_title2 = [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|MLA]]<br /> | leader_name2 = [[T. Raja Singh]] [[BJP]]<br /> | leader_title3 = [[Member of Parliament]]<br /> | leader_name3 = [[Asaduddin Owaisi]] ([[AIMIM]])<br /> | demographics_type1 = Languages<br /> | demographics1_title1 = Official<br /> | demographics1_info1 = [[Telugu language|Telugu]]<br /> | timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]<br /> | utc_offset1 = +5:30<br /> | postal_code_type = &lt;!-- [[Postal Index Number|PIN]] --&gt;<br /> | postal_code = 500012<br /> | registration_plate = TG<br /> | blank1_name_sec1 = [[Lok Sabha]] constituency<br /> | blank1_info_sec1 = [[Hyderabad Lok Sabha constituency|Hyderabad]]<br /> | blank2_name_sec1 = [[Vidhan Sabha]] constituency<br /> | blank2_info_sec1 = [[Goshamahal Assembly constituency|Goshamahal]]<br /> | blank3_name_sec1 = [[Urban planning|Planning]] agency<br /> | blank3_info_sec1 = [[GHMC]]<br /> | website = {{URL|telangana.gov.in}}<br /> | footnotes = <br /> | image_skyline = Gosha Mahal Baradari 1920s Exterior.tif<br /> | image_caption = Gosha Mahal Baradari in 1920s<br /> }}<br /> '''Goshamahal''' is a suburb in [[Hyderabad City]], [[Telangana]], [[India]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/Goshamahal-traffic-PS-of-Nizam-era-razed-to-ground/articleshow/48383155.cms|title=Goshamahal traffic PS of Nizam-era razed to ground &amp;#124; Hyderabad News - Times of India|newspaper=The Times of India |date=7 August 2015 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Derived from the word ''[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/gosha gosha]'' meaning secluded women in ''purdah.'' The Goshamahal Baradari is probably the only well preserved palace built by the Qutb Shahi rulers, as almost all their palaces were destroyed during the long siege of the kingdom by Aurangzeb. It was built by the last Qutb Shahi ruler, [[Abul Hasan Qutb Shah|Sultan Abul Hassan Tana Shah]] in 1684.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last1=Nanisetti |first1=Serish |title=350 years old and highly adaptive! |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Hyderabad/350-years-old-and-highly-adaptive/article13993358.ece}}&lt;/ref&gt; Apparently, during [[Aurangzeb]]'s conquest of the Deccan, he installed his son Shah Alam in this palace, which later served as the Mughal headquarters in the south.<br /> <br /> Later, in the early 20th century, the [[Mir Osman Ali Khan|7th Nizam of Hyderabad]] handed this palace over to the Freemasons of Hyderabad and Secunderabad and it has been in their care ever since.<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{Neighborhoods of Hyderabad|state=collapsed}}<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> [[Category:Neighbourhoods in Hyderabad, India]]</div>

Vinay https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Asava_Sundar_Swapnancha_Bangla&diff=487818 2025-11-18T03:54:11Z

<p>Vinay: made</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Marathi-language television drama series}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=November 2023}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=November 2023}}<br /> {{Infobox television<br /> | image = Asava Sundar Swapnancha Bangla CM.jpg<br /> | image_upright =<br /> | image_size = <br /> | image_alt = <br /> | caption = <br /> | alt_name = <br /> | native_name = <br /> | genre = [[Family drama]] &lt;br&gt; [[Soap opera]]<br /> | creator = <br /> | based_on = <br /> | inspired_by = <br /> | developer = <br /> | writer = Sameer Joshi<br /> | screenplay = <br /> | story = Rohini Ninawe<br /> | director = Chandar Behel<br /> | creative_director = <br /> | presenter = <br /> | starring = [[#Cast|See below]]<br /> | judges = <br /> | voices = <br /> | narrated = <br /> | theme_music_composer = <br /> | open_theme = <br /> | end_theme = <br /> | composer = <br /> | country = India<br /> | language = Marathi<br /> | num_seasons = <br /> | num_episodes = 1000&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title='असावा सुंदर स्वप्नांचा बंगला'चे झाले हजार भाग पूर्ण, लवकरच संपणार मालिका |url=https://divyamarathi.bhaskar.com/news/bol-mb-daily-soap-asava-sunder-swanancha-bungla-completes-1000-episodes-5271263-pho.html |access-date=2023-03-02 |website=Divya Marathi |language=mr}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | list_episodes = <br /> | executive_producer = <br /> | producer = Kalyan Guha &lt;br&gt; Rupali Guha<br /> | news_editor = <br /> | location = [[Mumbai]], [[Maharashtra]]<br /> | cinematography = <br /> | animator = <br /> | editor = <br /> | camera = [[Multiple-camera setup|Multi-camera]]<br /> | runtime = 22 minutes<br /> | company = [[Film Farm India]]<br /> | budget = <br /> | network = [[Colors Marathi]]<br /> | first_aired = {{start date|df=yes|2013|01|07}}<br /> | last_aired = {{end date|df=yes|2016|03|19}}<br /> | related = ''[[Uttaran]]'' <br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''''Asava Sundar Swapnancha Bangla''''' ({{translation|Have a beautiful dream bungalow}}) is an Indian [[Marathi language]] television drama series which aired on [[Colors Marathi]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Gudhi Padwa celebrations for ASSB family - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/marathi/gudi-padwa-celebrations-for-assb-family/articleshow/46645930.cms |access-date=2023-03-02 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Rashmi to remarry - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/marathi/asava-sundar-swapnancha-bangla-suhrud-wardekar-rashmi-anpat-aarav-ishu/articleshow/32593438.cms |access-date=2023-03-02 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; The show starred Rashmi Anpat, Juhi Patwardhan and Suhrud Wardekar in lead roles.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=ASSB celebrates 600 episodes - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/marathi/pushkar-jog-doing-a-fiction-show-after-six-years/articleshow/48325344.cms |access-date=2023-03-02 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=TV viewers give Marathi TV serials inspired by Hindi soaps a thumbs up - Times of India | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/marathi/manasi-cha-chitrakaar-toh-savar-re-asava-sundar-swapnancha-bangla-devyani-pudhcha-paaul-diya-aur-baati-hum-na-bole-tum-na-maine-kuch-kaha-mann-kee-awaaz-pratigya-saath-nibhana-saathiya/articleshow/26423510.cms | date=25 March 2014 | access-date=24 November 2023 |newspaper=[[The Times of India]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; The series premiered from 7 January 2013 and ended on 19 March 2016 completing 1000 episodes.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Baby causes rift between Ankita and Ishwari - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/marathi/baby-causes-rift-between-ankita-and-ishwari/articleshow/45930571.cms |access-date=2023-03-02 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Past comes haunting Ankita - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/marathi/past-comes-haunting-ankita/articleshow/46313558.cms |access-date=2023-03-02 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; The show is an official remake of [[Colors TV]]'s [[Hindi]] series ''[[Uttaran]]''.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Sanyogita is Rashmi and Juhi's babysitter - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/marathi/sanyogita-is-rashmi-and-juhis-babysitter/articleshow/46411141.cms |access-date=2023-03-02 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Actresses bond over oils, hair and make-up - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/marathi/actresses-bond-over-oils-hair-and-make-up/articleshow/45851619.cms |access-date=2023-03-02 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Summary ==<br /> It explores the complexity of the relationship between the rich and the poor. It is a story of jealousy and revenge. The story revolves around a poor and fatherless girl who always receives cast-offs from a rich girl.<br /> <br /> == Cast ==<br /> === Main ===<br /> * Rashmi Anpat as Ishwari<br /> ** Mrunmayee Supal as child Ishwari&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title='असावा सुंदर स्वप्नांचा बंगला'चे झाले हजार भाग पूर्ण, लवकरच संपणार मालिका |url=https://divyamarathi.bhaskar.com/news/bol-mb-daily-soap-asava-sunder-swanancha-bungla-completes-1000-episodes-5271263-pho.html |access-date=2023-03-02 |website=Divya Marathi |language=mr}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * Suhrud Wardekar as Aarav<br /> * Juhi Patwardhan as Ankita<br /> ** Sakshi Tisgaonkar as child Ankita<br /> <br /> === Recurring ===<br /> * [[Pushkar Jog]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Pushkar Jog doing a fiction show after six years - Times of India |url=https://m.timesofindia.com/tv/news/marathi/sunidhi-chauhan-sings-the-title-track-of-marathi-tv-show-kunku-tikli-tattoo/articleshow/63530412.cms |access-date=2023-03-02 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * [[Ravindra Mahajani]]<br /> * [[Ajinkya Deo]]<br /> * [[Shailesh Datar]]<br /> * Aanand Kale<br /> * Shilpa Navalkar<br /> * Mitali Jagtap-Varadkar<br /> * Sushant Shelar<br /> * Sanyogita Bhave&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=सोने आणि दागिने विशेषांक: मालिका सजल्या दागिन्यांत |url=https://www.loksatta.com/lokprabha/gold-and-ornaments-special-1000445/ |access-date=2023-03-02 |website=[[Loksatta]] |language=mr}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * Prasad Limaye<br /> * Ajinkya Nanaware<br /> * Prasad Limaye<br /> * Shweta Mehendale<br /> * Surabhi Bhave-Damle<br /> * Vanashree Joshi-Pande<br /> * Sangram Samel<br /> * Rasika Vengurlekar<br /> * Shantanu Moghe<br /> * Ambarish Deshpande<br /> * Dipti Bhagwat<br /> * Madhavi Gogate<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> == External links ==<br /> * {{IMDb title|tt17752304}}<br /> * [https://www.jiocinema.com/tv-shows/asava-sundar-swapnancha-bangla/3499243 ''Asava Sundar Swapnancha Bangla''] at [[JioCinema]]<br /> <br /> [[Category:2013 Indian television series debuts]]<br /> [[Category:Colors Marathi original programming]]<br /> [[Category:Marathi-language television shows]]<br /> [[Category:2016 Indian television series endings]]<br /> [[Category:Remakes of Indian television series]]</div>

Vinay https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nagavara&diff=519882 2025-11-08T15:32:09Z

<p>Vinay: Starting A Article</p> <hr /> <div>{{Infobox settlement<br /> | name = Nagavara<br /> | settlement_type = Neighbourhood<br /> | image_skyline = <br /> | image_caption = View of Nagavara Lake<br /> | pushpin_map = India Bangalore<br /> | pushpin_label_position = right<br /> | pushpin_map_caption = Location in Bengaluru, Karnataka, India<br /> | subdivision_type = Country<br /> | subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}<br /> | subdivision_type1 = State<br /> | subdivision_name1 = [[Karnataka]]<br /> | subdivision_type2 = District<br /> | subdivision_name2 = [[Bangalore Urban district|Bangalore Urban]]<br /> | subdivision_type3 = City<br /> | subdivision_name3 = [[Bangalore]]<br /> | government_type = [[BBMP|Bruhat Bengaluru Mahanagara Palike]]<br /> | population_total = <br /> | population_as_of = <br /> | timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]<br /> | utc_offset1 = +5:30<br /> | postal_code = 560045<br /> | registration_plate = [[Vehicle registration plates of India|KA-03]]<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Nagavara''' is a residential and commercial [[neighbourhood]] located in the northern part of [[Bangalore]] in [[Karnataka]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Karnataka govt plans new 1.5-km tunnel between Nagavara and UASB |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/karnataka/govt-plans-another-15-km-tunnel-between-nagavara-and-uasb/article69898381.ece |work=The Hindu |date=2025-08-05 |access-date=2025-10-21}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=BBMP – English Portal |url=https://site.bbmp.gov.in/indexenglish.html |website=Bruhat Bengaluru Mahanagara Palike |access-date=2 November 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == See also ==<br /> * [[Manyata Tech Park]] <br /> * [[Hebbal (disambiguation)|Hebbal]] <br /> * [[Bangalore Urban district]]<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{Karnataka topics}}<br /> {{Authority control}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Bangalore Urban District}}<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> [[Category:Neighbourhoods in Bengaluru]]</div>

Vinay https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=TIISCS&diff=463624 2025-10-17T22:06:15Z

<p>Vinay: added citations as per guidelines as per guidelines</p> <hr /> <div>{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2022}}<br /> {{Use British English|date=July 2022}}<br /> {{Infobox Submarine communications cable<br /> | cable_name =Tata Indicom India-Singapore Cable System (TIISCS)<br /> | map =TIISCS-route.png<br /> | owners =Tata Communications Limited (TCL)<br /> | landing_points =<br /> *[[Chennai]], India <br /> *[[Changi]], Singapore<br /> | technology =<br /> | design_capacity =5.12&amp;nbsp;Tbit/s<br /> | current_capacity =<br /> | length ={{cvt|3175|km}}<br /> | topology =<br /> | first_use_date = September 2004<br /> }}<br /> '''TIISCS''' (Tata Indicom India-Singapore Cable System), also known as '''TIC''' (Tata Indicom Cable), is a [[submarine telecommunications cable]] linking [[India]] and [[Singapore]]. It has [[cable landing point|landing points]] in [[Chennai]], India and [[Changi]], Singapore.{{citation needed|date=July 2022}}<br /> <br /> Tata Communications Limited (TCL) owned by Tata Indicom Cable (TIC) is Singapore's first fully Indian-owned, undersea fibre-optic cable. The TIC cable is 100 per cent owned, operated, and maintained by TCL.{{citation needed|date=July 2022}}<br /> <br /> The {{convert|3175|km|adj=on}} cable lands in Chennai in India and in Changi in Singapore. Construction of the cable began in November 2003 and went live on 15 September 2004, making it one of the fastest cable build-outs in history. The new 5.12-terabit-per-second TIC cable system will significantly increase the existing bandwidth capacity into India, which is the second fastest growing communications route in the world.{{citation needed|date=July 2022}}<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> * [https://web.archive.org/web/20051217134706/http://www.tata.com/vsnl/releases/20041103.htm https://web.archive.org/web/20051217134706/http://www.tata.com/vsnl/releases/20041103.htm]<br /> <br /> {{Submarine communications cables in the Indian Ocean}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Submarine communications cables in the Indian Ocean]]<br /> [[Category:India–Singapore relations]]<br /> [[Category:Tata Communications]]<br /> [[Category:2004 establishments in Tamil Nadu]]<br /> [[Category:2004 establishments in Singapore]]<br /> [[Category:Telecommunications in India]]<br /> <br /> {{SubmarineCable-stub}}</div>

Vinay https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mahad_taluka&diff=514681 2025-10-16T15:37:27Z

<p>Vinay: Starting New Data!</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Taluka in Maharashtra India}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=May 2022}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=August 2017}}<br /> {{Infobox settlement<br /> | name = Mahad <br /> | settlement_type = [[Taluka]]<br /> | map_caption = Location of Mahad<br /> | pushpin_map = India Maharashtra<br /> | pushpin_label_position = right<br /> | pushpin_map_alt = <br /> | coordinates = {{coord|18.08|N|73.42|E|display=inline,title}}<br /> | pushpin_map_caption = Location in the [[Maharashtra]] state of [[India]]<br /> | subdivision_type = [[Country]]<br /> | subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}<br /> | subdivision_type1 = [[States and Territories of India|State]]<br /> | subdivision_type2 = [[Administrative divisions of India|Division]]<br /> | subdivision_type3 = [[List of districts of India|District]]<br /> | subdivision_name1 = [[Maharashtra]]<br /> | subdivision_name2 = [[Konkan Division]]<br /> | subdivision_name3 = [[Raigad district|Raigad]]<br /> | established_title = <br /> | seat_type = Headquarters<br /> | seat = [[Mahad]]<br /> | parts_type = [[Administrative divisions of India|Major villages]]<br /> | parts_style = para<br /> | p1 = <br /> | governing_body = Panchayat Samiti Mahad Raigad<br /> | leader_title = [[Chairperson]]<br /> | leader_name = ''NA''<br /> | leader_title1 = [[Tehsildar]]<br /> | leader_name1 = ''NA''<br /> | leader_title2 = [[List of members of the 17th Lok Sabha|MP]]<br /> | leader_name2 = [[Sunil Tatkare]]&lt;br /&gt; {{small|([[Raigad (Lok Sabha constituency)|Raigad Constituency]])}}<br /> | leader_title3 = [[Alibag (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|MLA]]<br /> | leader_name3 = [[Bharatshet Gogawale]]&lt;br /&gt;{{small|([[Mahad (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Mahad constituency]])}}<br /> | population_demonym = Mahadkar<br /> | demographics_type1 = Language<br /> | demographics1_title1 = Official<br /> | timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]<br /> | utc_offset1 = +5:30<br /> | postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]<br /> | postal_code = 402301<br /> | area_code = 02145<br /> | area_code_type = Telephone code<br /> | registration_plate = MH-46, MH-06<br /> | population_total = 180191<br /> | population_as_of = 2011<br /> | population_urban = <br /> | population_footnotes = <br /> | area_total_km2 = 1503.61<br /> | population_density_km2 = auto<br /> | website = <br /> | footnotes = <br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Mahad taluka''' is a [[subdistrict]]/[[upazila]]/[[tehsil]] in [[Raigad district]] of the Indian state of [[Maharashtra]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Prahar-20141127&quot;&gt;{{cite news|url=http://prahaar.in/prahaarhelpline/269444 |title=महाराष्ट्रातील सर्व तालुके – महाराष्ट्रातील सर्व जिल्ह्यांतील तालुके महसुली विभागांनिहाय जाणून घ्या. |language=mr |date=2014-11-27 |work=Prahar |access-date=2015-08-15 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150722032645/http://prahaar.in/prahaarhelpline/269444 |archive-date=2015-07-22}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;RaigadDistrictCollectorate-20150815&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://raigad.nic.in/htmldocs/sub_division1.htm|title=Details of Sub-Divisions, Tahasils, Villages, Circles and Sazzas in Raigad district|publisher=Raigad District Collectorate|access-date=15 August 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160614080045/http://raigad.nic.in/htmldocs/sub_division1.htm|archive-date=14 June 2016|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Raigad district==<br /> As of August 2015, there were 8 sub-divisions, 15 talukas, 1970 villages, 60 revenue circles and 350 sazzas in Raigad district. The talukas are [[Alibag taluka|Alibag]], [[Karjat taluka, Raigad|Karjat]], [[Khalapur taluka|Khalapur]], Mahad, [[Mangaon taluka|Mangaon]], [[Mhasala taluka|Mhasala]], [[Murud taluka|Murud]], [[Panvel taluka|Panvel]], [[Pen taluka|Pen]], [[Poladpur taluka|Poladpur]], [[Roha taluka|Roha]], [[Shrivardhan taluka|Shrivardhan]], [[Sudhagad-Pali taluka|Sudhagad-Pali]], [[Tala taluka|Tala]] and [[Uran taluka|Uran]].&lt;ref name=&quot;RaigadDistrictCollectorate-20150815&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> == Demographics ==<br /> <br /> {{bar box<br /> |title=Religions in Mahad taluk (2011)&lt;ref name=&quot;Religion&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=2011|title=Table C-01 Population by Religion: Maharashtra |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/11382/download/14495/DDW27C-01%20MDDS.XLS |website=censusindia.gov.in|publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |titlebar=#FCD116<br /> |left1=Religion<br /> |right1=Percent<br /> |float=left<br /> |bars=<br /> {{bar percent|[[Hinduism in Maharashtra|Hinduism]]|darkorange|79.44}}<br /> {{bar percent|[[Islam in Maharashtra|Islam]]|green|13.33}}<br /> {{bar percent|[[Marathi Buddhists|Buddhism]]|mediumblue|6.68}}<br /> {{bar percent|Other or not stated|black|0.55}}<br /> }}<br /> <br /> Mahad taluka has a population of 180,191 according to the 2011 census. Mahad had a literacy rate of 81.90% and a sex ratio of 1031 females per 1000 males. 19,044 (10.57%) are under 7 years of age. 41,236 (22.88%) lived in urban areas. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes make up 4.70% and 5.12% of the population respectively.&lt;ref name=&quot;census2011&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=District Census Hand Book – Raigad |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/822/download/36165/DH_2011_2724_PART_A_DCHB_RAIGARH.pdf |website=[[Census of India]] |publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> {{Pie chart<br /> |thumb = left<br /> |caption = Languages of Mahad taluk (2011)&lt;ref name=&quot;langs&quot; /&gt;<br /> |label1 = [[Marathi language|Marathi]] |value1 = 84.28 |color1 = red<br /> |label2 = [[Urdu]] |value2 = 10.03 |color2 = green<br /> |label3 = [[Hindi]] |value3 = 1.89 |color3 = orange<br /> |label4 = Others |value4 = 3.80 |color4 = grey<br /> }}<br /> <br /> At the time of the [[2011 Census of India]], 84.28% of the population in the taluka spoke [[Marathi language|Marathi]], 10.03% [[Urdu]] and 1.89% [[Hindi]] as their first language.&lt;ref name=&quot;langs&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Table C-16 Population by Mother Tongue: Maharashtra |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/10212/download/13324/DDW-C16-STMT-MDDS-2700.XLSX |website=censusindia.gov.in|publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{Raigad district topics}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Talukas in Maharashtra]]<br /> [[Category:Talukas in Raigad district]]</div>

Vinay https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sarenga,_Bankura_(community_development_block)&diff=469844 2025-09-18T05:19:03Z

<p>Vinay: small add lead per sources and added references</p> <hr /> <div>{{For|town with same name in Howrah district|Sarenga}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=May 2025}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=May 2025}}<br /> {{Infobox settlement<br /> | name = Sarenga <br /> | other_name = <br /> | nickname = <br /> | settlement_type = Community development block<br /> | image_skyline = <br /> | image = <br /> | image_caption = <br /> | image_map = Sarenga in Bankura (West Bengal).svg<br /> | pushpin_map = <br /> | pushpin_label_position = right<br /> | pushpin_map_alt = <br /> | pushpin_map_caption = Location in West Bengal, India<br /> | coordinates = {{coord|22.7667|N|87.0333|E|display=inline,title}}<br /> | subdivision_type = Country<br /> | subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}<br /> | subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]<br /> | subdivision_name1 = {{flagicon image|Emblem of West Bengal (Banglarmukh) before 2018.png}} [[West Bengal]]<br /> | subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]<br /> | subdivision_name2 = [[Bankura district|Bankura]]<br /> | established_title = &lt;!-- Established --&gt;<br /> | established_date = <br /> | founder = <br /> | named_for = <br /> | government_type = [[Representative democracy]]<br /> | governing_body = <br /> | unit_pref = Metric<br /> | area_footnotes = <br /> | area_rank = <br /> | area_total_km2 = 228.07<br /> | elevation_footnotes = <br /> | elevation_m = 79<br /> | population_total = 1,06,808<br /> | population_as_of = 2011<br /> | population_rank = <br /> | population_density_km2 = auto<br /> | population_demonym = <br /> | population_footnotes = <br /> | demographics_type1 = Languages<br /> | demographics1_title1 = Official<br /> | demographics1_info1 = [[Bengali language|Bengali]], [[Santali language|Santali]], [[English language|English]]<br /> | timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]<br /> | utc_offset1 = +5:30<br /> | postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]<br /> | postal_code = 722150 (Sarenga)<br /> | area_code_type = Telephone/[[Subscriber trunk dialing|STD]] code<br /> | area_code = 03243<br /> | registration_plate = WB-67, WB-68<br /> | blank1_name_sec1 = Literacy<br /> | blank1_info_sec1 = 74.25%<br /> | blank2_name_sec1 = [[Lok Sabha]] constituency<br /> | blank2_info_sec1 = [[Bankura (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bankura]]<br /> | blank3_name_sec1 = [[Vidhan Sabha]] constituency<br /> | blank3_info_sec1 = [[Raipur, Bankura (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Raipur]]<br /> | website = <br /> | iso_code = [[ISO 3166-2:IN|IN-WB]]<br /> | footnotes = <br /> | official_name = <br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Sarenga''' is a [[Community development block in India|community development block]] (CD block) that forms an administrative division in the [[Khatra subdivision]] of the [[Bankura district]] in the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[West Bengal]].<br /> <br /> ==History==<br /> <br /> ===From Bishnupur kingdom to the British Raj===<br /> {{Main|History of Bankura district}}<br /> <br /> From around the 7th century AD till around the advent of British rule, for around a millennium, history of Bankura district is identical with the rise and fall of the Hindu Rajas of [[Bishnupur, Bankura|Bishnupur]]. The Bishnupur Rajas, who were at the summit of their fortunes towards the end of the 17th century, started declining in the first half of the 18th century. First, the [[Bardhaman Raj|Maharaja of Burdwan]] seized the Fatehpur Mahal, and then the [[Bargi|Maratha]] invasions laid waste their country.&lt;ref name=omalley&gt;{{cite web| url = http://bankura.gov.in/gezetter.htm |title = Bengal District Gazetteers: Bankura |last = O’Malley |first= L.S.S. | publisher= Bankura District Authorities | access-date = 29 August 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Bishnupur was ceded to the British with the rest of Burdwan chakla in 1760. In 1787, Bishnupur was united with [[Birbhum district|Birbhum]] to form a separate administrative unit. In 1793 it was transferred to the Burdwan collectorate. In 1879, the district acquired its present shape with the thanas of Khatra and Raipur and the outpost of Simplapal being transferred from Manbhum, and the thanas of Sonamukhi, Kotulpur and Indas being retransferred from Burdwan. However, it was known for sometime as West Burdwan and in 1881 came to be known as Bankura district.&lt;ref name=omalley/&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Red corridor===<br /> 106 districts spanning 10 states across India, described as being part of the [[Far-left politics|Left Wing Extremism]] activities, constitutes the [[Red corridor]]. In West Bengal the districts of Paschim Medinipur, Bankura, Purulia and Birbhum are part of the Red corridor. However, as of July 2016, there had been no reported incidents of [[Communist Party of India (Maoist)|Maoist]] related activities from these districts for the previous 4 years.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| url = http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/red-corridor-to-be-redrawn/article8894304.ece |title = Red Corridor to be redrawn |last = Singh|first= Vijayita | publisher= The Hindu, 25 July 2016 | access-date = 29 August 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The CPI (Maoist) extremism which started in the district in the mid-nineties was mainly concentrated in five police station areas of Khatra subdivision – Sarenga, Barikul, Ranibandh, Raipur and Simlapal. They also functioned across the adjoining areas of Paschim Medinipur and Purulia districts.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| url = https://bankurapolice.org/about-us/ |title = Bankura District Police | publisher= Bankura Police District Authorities | access-date = 29 August 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The [[Operation Lalgarh|Lalgarh movement]], which started attracting attention after the failed assassination attempt on [[Buddhadeb Bhattacharjee]], then chief minister of West Bengal, in the Salboni area of Paschim Medinipur district, on 2 November 2008 and the police action that followed, had also spread over to these areas.&lt;ref name=lalgarh&gt;{{Cite news| url = http://www.frontline.in/static/html/fl2614/stories/20090717261412900.htm | title = Lalgarh Battle |magazine = Frontline|date= 17 July 2009 |access-date = 23 July 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; The movement was not just a political struggle but an armed struggle that concurrently took the look of a social struggle. A large number of CPI (M) activists were killed. Although the epi-centre of the movement was [[Lalgarh, Paschim Medinipur|Lalgarh]], it was spread across 19 police stations in three adjoining districts – Paschim Medinipur, Bankura and Purulia, all thickly forested and near the border with Jharkhand. The deployment of [[Central Reserve Police Force|CRPF]] and other forces started on 11 June 2009. The movement came to an end after the [[2011 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2011 state assembly elections]] and change of government in West Bengal. The death of [[Kishenji]], the [[Communist Party of India (Maoist)|Maoist]] commander, on 24 November 2011 was the last major landmark.&lt;ref name=lalgarh/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news| url = http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kishenjis-death-a-serious-blow-to-maoist-movement/article2657105.ece| title = Kishenji's death a serious blow to Maoist movement |newspaper = The Hindu|date= 25 November 2011|access-date = 23 July 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Geography==<br /> [[File:Bakura District.svg|500px|thumb|left|Map of Bankura District showing CD blocks and municipalities]]<br /> Sarenga is located at {{coord|22.7667|N|87.0333|E|format=dms|}}.<br /> <br /> Sarenga CD block is located in the south-eastern part of the district and belongs to the hard rock area.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| url = http://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1913_PART_A_DCHB_BANKURA.pdf|title = District Census Handbook Bankura |work = pages 13-17 | publisher= Directorate of Census Operations West Bengal | access-date = 8 December 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Sarenga CD block is bounded by [[Simlapal (community development block)|Simlapal]] CD block on the north, [[Garhbeta II]] CD block, in Paschim Medinipur district, on the east, [[Binpur I]] and [[Binpur II]] CD blocks, in Paschim Medinipur, on the south and [[Raipur, Bankura (community development block)|Raipur]] CD block on the west.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = http://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1913_PART_A_DCHB_BANKURA.pdf| title = District Census Handbook Bankura, Census of India 2011, Series 20, Part XII A | work= Map on fifth page| publisher = Directorate of census Operations V, West Bengal |access-date = 8 April 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url =https://www.mapsofindia.com/maps/westbengal/tehsil/paschim-mednipur.html | title = Paschim Medinipur CD block/ Tehsil Map | publisher = Maps of India |access-date = 8 April 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Sarenga CD block has an area of 223.78&amp;nbsp;km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;. It has 1 [[Panchayat Samiti (Block)|panchayat samity]], 6 [[gram panchayat]]s, 80 gram sansads (village councils), 166 [[mouza]]s and 153 inhabited villages. [[Sarenga, Bankura#Police station|Sarenga]] police station serves this block.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = http://wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook | title = District Statistical Handbook 2014 Bankura | work = Tables 2.1, 2.2 | publisher = Department of Planning and Statistics, Government of West Bengal | access-date = 15 May 2020 | archive-date = 21 January 2019 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190121045803/http://www.wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook | url-status = dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; Headquarters of this CD block is at Sarenga.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| url = http://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1913_PART_A_DCHB_BANKURA.pdf |title = District Census Handbook: Bankura | work= Map of Bankura with CD Block HQs and Police Stations (on the fifth page) |publisher= Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal, 2011 | access-date = 20 November 2016 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Gram panchayats===<br /> [[Gram panchayat]]s of Sarenga block are: Sarenga, Bikrampur, Chiltore, Gargaria, Goalbari and Neturpur.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| url = http://wbprd.gov.in/HtmlPage/PANCHAYATS.aspx |title = Directory of District, Subdivision, Panchayat Samiti/ Block and Gram Panchayats in West Bengal |work = Bankura - Revised in March 2008 | publisher= Panchayats and Rural Development Department, Government of West Bengal | access-date = 27 August 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Demographics==<br /> <br /> ===Population===<br /> According to the [[2011 Census of India]], Sarenga CD block had a total population of 106,808, all of which were rural. There were 54,168 (51%) males and 52,640 (49%) females. Population in the age range of 0 to 6 years was 12,408. [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|Scheduled Castes]] numbered 31,194 (29.21%) and [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|Scheduled Tribes]] numbered 20,407 (19.11%).&lt;ref name=census2011&gt;{{cite web| url = http://censusindia.gov.in/pca/cdb_pca_census/Houselisting-housing-WB.html |title = C.D. Block Wise Primary Census Abstract Data(PCA) | work= 2011 census: West Bengal – District-wise CD Blocks|publisher= Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India | access-date = 29 August 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> According to the 2001 census, Sarenga block had a total population of 95,095, out of which 48,752 were males and 46,343 were females. Sarenga block registered a negative population growth of -11.88 per cent during the 1991-2001 decade. Decadal growth for the district was 13.79 per cent.&lt;ref name=census&gt;{{cite web | url =http://web.cmc.net.in/wbcensus/DataTables/02/Table4_13.htm | title = Provisional population totals, West Bengal, Table 4, Bankura District | access-date = 18 August 2016 | work = Census of India 2001 | publisher = Census Commission of India|url-status=dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110928204920/http://web.cmc.net.in/wbcensus/DataTables/02/Table4_13.htm |archive-date= 28 September 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; Decadal growth in West Bengal was 17.84 per cent.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.wbcensus.gov.in/DataTables/02/Table4_1.htm |title=Provisional Population Totals, West Bengal. Table 4 |access-date= 17 July 2016 |work=Census of India 2001 |publisher=Census Commission of India |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927041813/http://www.wbcensus.gov.in/DataTables/02/Table4_1.htm |archive-date=27 September 2007 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Large villages (with 4,000+ population) in Sarenga CD block are (2011 census figures in brackets): Sarenga (5,888).&lt;ref name=census2011/&gt;<br /> <br /> Other villages in Sarenga CD block are (2011 census figures in brackets): Goalbari (1,752), Neturpur (1,151), Chiltor (1,011), Bikrampur (1,688) and Garagrya (1,922).&lt;ref name=census2011/&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Literacy===<br /> According to the 2011 census, the total number of literates in Sarenga CD block was 70,096 (74.25% of the population over 6 years) out of which males numbered 40,427 (84.63% of the male population over 6 years) and females numbered 29,669 (63.62%) of the female population over 6 years). The [[Literacy#Gender disparities|gender disparity]] (the difference between female and male literacy rates) was 21.01%.&lt;ref name=census2011/&gt;<br /> <br /> See also – [[List of West Bengal districts ranked by literacy rate]]<br /> <br /> {{Literacy in CD Blocks of Bankura district|collapsible=y}}<br /> <br /> ===Language and religion===<br /> <br /> {{bar box<br /> |title=Religion in Sarenga CD block (2011)&lt;ref name=&quot;religion&quot;/&gt;<br /> |titlebar=#FCD116 <br /> |left1=<br /> |float=left<br /> |bars=<br /> {{bar percent|[[Hinduism in West Bengal|Hinduism]]|darkorange|78.21}}<br /> {{bar percent|Other &lt;small&gt;(tribal religion)&lt;/small&gt;|maroon|19.84}}<br /> {{bar percent|[[Christianity in West Bengal|Christianity]]|dodgerblue|1.29}}<br /> {{bar percent|[[Islam in West Bengal|Islam]]|green|0.46}}<br /> {{bar percent|Other or not stated|black|0.20}}<br /> }}<br /> <br /> In the 2011 census Hindus numbered 83,534 and formed 78.21% of the population in Sarenga CD block. Christians numbered 1,382 and formed 1.29% of the population. Muslims numbered 489 and formed 0.46% of the population. Others numbered 21,403 and formed 20.04% of the population.&lt;ref name=&quot;religion&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2011 |title=Table C-01 Population by Religion: West Bengal |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/11396/download/14509/DDW19C-01%20MDDS.XLS |website=censusindia.gov.in |publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Others include Addi Bassi, Marang Boro, Santal, Saranath, Sari Dharma, Sarna, Alchchi, Bidin, Sant, Saevdharm, Seran, Saran, Sarin, Kheria,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/SCST-Series/ST14A.html |title = ST-14 A Details Of Religions Shown Under 'Other Religions And Persuasions' In Main Table | work= West Bengal |publisher= Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India | access-date = 28 August 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; and other religious communities. In 2001, Hindus were 76.60%, Muslims 0.50%, Christians 1.27% and tribal religions 21.52% of the population respectively.&lt;ref name=censusreligion2001&gt;{{cite web| url = https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/21481/download/24613/PC01_C01_19.xls|title = Table C01 Population by Religious Community: West Bengal |publisher = [[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]] |date=2001}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> {{Pie chart<br /> |caption = Languages of Sarenga CD block (2011)&lt;ref name=&quot;languages&quot;/&gt;<br /> |label1 = [[Bengali language|Bengali]] |value1 = 79.81 |color1 = orchid<br /> |label2 = [[Santali language|Santali]] |value2 = 17.17 |color2 = darkturquoise<br /> |label3 = [[Kurmali language|Kurmali]] |value3 = 2.91 |color3 = pink<br /> |label4 = Others |value4 = 0.11 |color4 = grey<br /> }}<br /> <br /> At the time of the 2011 census, 79.81% of the population spoke [[Bengali language|Bengali]], 17.17% [[Santali language|Santali]] and 2.91% [[Kurmali language|Kurmali]] as their first language.&lt;ref name=&quot;languages&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Table C-16 Population by Mother Tongue: West Bengal |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/10226/download/13338/DDW-C16-STMT-MDDS-1900.XLSX |website=www.censusindia.gov.in |publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Rural poverty==<br /> In Sarenga CD block 41.57% families were living [[Below Poverty Line (India)|below poverty line]] in 2007.&lt;ref name=humandev2 &gt;{{cite web | url = http://wbplan.gov.in/HumanDev/DHDR/Human%20Development%20Bankura.pdf | title = District Human Development Report: Bankura | work = April 2007. Page 27, Pages 237-244 | publisher = Development &amp; Planning Department, Government of West Bengal | access-date = 8 December 2016 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170207213021/http://wbplan.gov.in/HumanDev/DHDR/Human%20Development%20Bankura.pdf | archive-date = 7 February 2017 | url-status = dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; According to the Rural Household Survey in 2005, 28.87% of the total number of families were [[Below Poverty Line|BPL]] families in the Bankura district.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| url = http://220.225.90.38/Summary/WestBengal.htm| title = West Bengal Summary| work = Rural Household Survey 2005| publisher = Department of Panchayat &amp; Rural Development, Government of West Bengal| access-date = 10 April 2020| archive-date = 13 January 2020| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200113235534/http://220.225.90.38/Summary/WestBengal.htm| url-status = dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Migration has been observed in the following CD blocks of Bankura district: Bankura I, Chhatna, Saltora, Indpur, Ranibandh, Hirbandh, Khatra, Raipur and Sarenga. Although authentic figures are not available, a sample survey has been done. According to the sample survey, around 54.5% to 85.4% of the families on an average migrate from these blocks. Another study shows that around 23% of the people from the under-privileged blocks in the western and southern Bankura migrate. Those migrating belong mostly to the SC or ST population. They migrate for periods varying from 15 days to 6/8 months. Most people migrate to meet their food deficit and go to Bardhaman and Hooghly districts but some go to Gujarat and Maharashtra as construction labour.&lt;ref name=humandev2/&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Economy==<br /> ===Livelihood===<br /> {{Pie chart<br /> |caption= '''Livelihood&lt;br/&gt;in Sarenga CD block'''<br /> |value1 = 22.35<br /> |label1 = Cultivators<br /> |value2 = 57.25<br /> |label2 = Agricultural labourers<br /> |value3 = 3.21<br /> |label3 = Household industries<br /> |value4 = 17.20<br /> |label4 = Other Workers}}<br /> <br /> In the Sarenga CD block in 2011, among the class of total workers, cultivators numbered 10,061 and formed 22.35%, agricultural labourers numbered 25,769 and formed 57.25%, household industry workers numbered 1,443 and formed 3.21% and other workers numbered 7,742 and formed 17.20%.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| url = http://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1913_PART_A_DCHB_BANKURA.pdf|title = District Census Handbook Bankura, Census of India 2011, Series 20, Part XII A |work = Table 33: Distribution of Workers by Sex in Four Categories of Economic Activity in Sub-district 2011 | publisher= Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal| access-date = 8 April 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; Total workers numbered 45,015 and formed 57.85% of the total population, and non-workers numbered 61,793 and formed 54.35% of the population.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| url = http://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1913_PART_A_DCHB_BANKURA.pdf|title = District Census Handbook Bankura, Census of India 2011, Series 20, Part XII A |work = Table 30: Number and percentage of Main workers, Marginal workers and Non workers by Sex, in Sub-districts, 2011 | publisher= Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal| access-date = 8 April 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;small&gt;Note: In the census records a person is considered a cultivator, if the person is engaged in cultivation/ supervision of land owned by self/government/institution. When a person who works on another person's land for wages in cash or kind or share, is regarded as an agricultural labourer. Household industry is defined as an industry conducted by one or more members of the family within the household or village, and one that does not qualify for registration as a factory under the [[Factories Act,1948, India|Factories Act]]. Other workers are persons engaged in some economic activity other than cultivators, agricultural labourers and household workers. It includes factory, mining, plantation, transport and office workers, those engaged in business and commerce, teachers, entertainment artistes and so on.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| url = http://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1913_PART_A_DCHB_BANKURA.pdf |title = District Census Handbook Bankura, Census of India 2011, Series 20, Part XII A |work = Census Concepts and Definitions, Page 27 | publisher= Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal| access-date = 8 April 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/small&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Infrastructure===<br /> There are 197 inhabited villages in the Raipur CD block, as per the ''District Census Handbook'', Bankura, 2011. 100% villages have power supply. 192 villages (97.46%) have drinking water supply. 25 villages (12.69%) have post offices. 132 villages (67.01%) have telephones (including landlines, public call offices and mobile phones). 59 villages (29.95%) have pucca (paved) approach roads and 69 villages (35.03%) have transport communication (includes bus service, rail facility and navigable waterways). 17 villages (8.63%) have agricultural credit societies and 5 villages (2.54%) have banks.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = http://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1913_PART_A_DCHB_BANKURA.pdf| title = District Census Handbook, Bankura, 2011, Series 20, Part XII A | work = Page 83, Table 36: Distribution of villages according to availability of different amenities, 2011 | publisher = Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal. | access-date = 10 April 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Agriculture===<br /> There were 51 fertiliser depots, 8 seed stores and 39 [[Public distribution system|fair price shops]] in the Sarenga CD block.&lt;ref name=handbook2014&gt;{{cite web | url = http://wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook | title = District Statistical Handbook 2014 Bankura | work = Tables 8.2, 17.2, 18.2, 18.1, 20.1, 21.2, 4.4, 3.1, 3.3 – arranged as per use | publisher = Department of Planning and Statistics, Government of West Bengal | access-date = 15 May 2020 | archive-date = 21 January 2019 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190121045803/http://www.wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook | url-status = dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In 2013–14, persons engaged in agriculture in Sarenga CD block could be classified as follows: [[bargadar]]s 2.91%, patta (document) holders 9.07%, small farmers (possessing land between 1 and 2 hectares) 9.31%, marginal farmers (possessing land up to 1 hectare) 27.36% and agricultural labourers 51.35%.&lt;ref name=handbook2014/&gt;<br /> <br /> In 2003-04 net area sown Sarenga CD block was 12,947 hectares and the area in which more than one crop was grown was 10,601 hectares.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = http://wbplan.gov.in/HumanDev/DHDR/Human%20Development%20Bankura.pdf | title = District Human Development Report: Bankura | work = April 2007. Page: 58 | publisher = Development &amp; Planning Department, Government of West Bengal | access-date = 23 August 2016 | archive-date = 7 February 2017 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170207213021/http://wbplan.gov.in/HumanDev/DHDR/Human%20Development%20Bankura.pdf | url-status = dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In 2013–14, the total area irrigated in Sarenga CD block was 15,370 hectares, out of which 9,723 hectares was by canal water, 950 hectares by tank water, 700 hectares by river lift irrigation, 2,905 hectares by shallow tubewell, 17 hectares by open dug wells and 1,075 hectares by other methods.&lt;ref name=handbook2014/&gt;<br /> <br /> In 2013–14, Sarenga CD block produced 102,823 tonnes of [[Rice#Ecotypes and cultivars|Aman paddy]], the main winter crop, from 36,541 hectares, 308 tonnes of wheat from 142 hectares and 22,557,000 tonnes of potatoes from 1,310 hectares. It also produced pulses and mustard.&lt;ref name=handbook2014/&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Handloom and pottery industries===<br /> The handloom industry engages the largest number of persons in the non farm sector and hence is important in Bankura district. The handloom industry is well established in all the CD Blocks of the district and includes the famous Baluchari saris. In 2004-05 Sarenga CD Block had 305 looms in operation.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = http://wbplan.gov.in/HumanDev/DHDR/Human%20Development%20Bankura.pdf | title = District Human Development Report: Bankura | work = April 2007. Page: 85 | publisher = Development &amp; Planning Department, Government of West Bengal | access-date = 23 August 2016 | archive-date = 7 February 2017 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170207213021/http://wbplan.gov.in/HumanDev/DHDR/Human%20Development%20Bankura.pdf | url-status = dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Bankura district is famous for the artistic excellence of its pottery products that include the famous [[Bankura horse]]. The range of pottery products is categorised as follows: domestic utilities, terracota and other decorative items and roofing tiles and other heavy pottery items. The terracotta and decorative items include horse, elephant, tiger, ox, flower vase, Mansa Saj, ash-tray and other items of religious use. These are produced in the following CD blocks: Taldangra, Sonamukhi, Sarenga, Bankura I and Bankura II. Around 3,200 families were involved in pottery making in the district in 2002. 107 families were involved in Sarenga CD block.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = http://wbplan.gov.in/HumanDev/DHDR/Human%20Development%20Bankura.pdf | title = District Human Development Report: Bankura | work = April 2007. Pages: 83-84 | publisher = Development &amp; Planning Department, Government of West Bengal | access-date = 23 August 2016 | archive-date = 7 February 2017 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170207213021/http://wbplan.gov.in/HumanDev/DHDR/Human%20Development%20Bankura.pdf | url-status = dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Banking===<br /> In 2013–14, Sarenga CD block had offices of 3 commercial banks and 3 [[Regional Rural Bank|gramin banks]].&lt;ref name=handbook2014/&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Backward Regions Grant Fund===<br /> The Bankura district is listed as a backward region and receives financial support from the [[Backward Regions Grant Fund]]. The fund, created by the Government of India, is designed to redress regional imbalances in development. As of 2012, 272 districts across the country were listed under this scheme. The list includes 11 districts of West Bengal.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = http://www.panchayat.gov.in/documents/10198/0/BRGFFINALGUIDELINES.pdf | title = Backward Regions Grant Funds: Programme Guidelines | publisher = Ministry of Panchayati Raj, Government of India | access-date = 10 April 2020 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20171030225317/http://www.panchayat.gov.in/documents/10198/0/BRGFFINALGUIDELINES.pdf | archive-date = 30 October 2017 | url-status = dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| url = http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=84879 | title= Backward Regions Grant Fund| work= Press Release, 14 June 2012 |publisher= Press Information Bureau, Government of India | access-date = 10 April 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Transport==<br /> In 2013–14, Sarenga CD Block had 6 originating/ terminating bus routes. The nearest railway station is 38&amp;nbsp;km from the CD Block headquarters.&lt;ref name=handbook2014/&gt;<br /> <br /> [[State Highway 4 (West Bengal)|State Highway 4]] running from Jhalda (in Purulia district) to Digha foreshore (in Purba Medinipur district) and [[State Highway 9 (West Bengal)|State Highway 8]], running from Durgapur to Nayagram, pass through this CD block.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| url = http://www.wbtrafficpolice.com/state-highways.php |title = List of State Highways in West Bengal | publisher= West Bengal Traffic Police | access-date = 23 August 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Education==<br /> In 2013–14, Sarenga CD block had 115 primary schools with 9,179 students, 7 middle schools with 1,219 students, 3 high schools with 1,434 students and 13 higher secondary schools with 10,469 students. Sarenga CD block had 1 general college with 3,410 students, 2 professional/ technical institutions with 116 students and 111 institutions for special and non-formal education with 4,418 students.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = http://wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook | title = District Statistical Handbook 2014 Bankura | work = Tables 4.4 | publisher = Department of Planning and Statistics, Government of West Bengal | access-date = 15 May 2020 | archive-date = 21 January 2019 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190121045803/http://www.wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook | url-status = dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> See also – [[Education in India]]<br /> <br /> According to the 2011 census, in the Raipur CD block, among the 197 inhabited villages, 25 villages did not have a school, 47 villages had two or more primary schools, 52 villages had at least 1 primary and 1 middle school and 29 villages had at least 1 middle and 1 secondary school.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url =http://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1913_PART_A_DCHB_BANKURA.pdf| title = District Census Handbook, Bankura, 2011, Series 20, Part XII A | work = Page 1293, Appendix I A: Villages by number of Primary Schools and Appendix I B: Villages by Primary, Middle and Secondary Schools | publisher = Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal. | access-date = 10 April 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Healthcare==<br /> In 2014, Sarenga CD block had 1 rural hospital and 1 primary health centres with total 202 beds and 6 doctors. It had 17 family welfare sub centres and 1 family welfare centre. 6,011 patients were treated indoor and 114,455 patients were treated outdoor in the hospitals, health centres and subcentres of the CD block.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = http://wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook | title = District Statistical Handbook 2014 Bankura | work = Tables 3.1, 3.2, 3.3 | publisher = Department of Planning and Statistics, Government of West Bengal | access-date = 15 May 2020 | archive-date = 21 January 2019 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190121045803/http://www.wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook | url-status = dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Sarenga Rural Hospital, with 30 beds at Krishnapur, is the major government medical facility in the Sarenga CD block. There are [[Primary Health Centre (India)|primary health centres]] at Dumurtor (Tikarpara) Sarenga (with 6 beds), Krishnapur (Dumurtor) (with 10 beds).&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url =https://www.wbhealth.gov.in/other_files/RH.pdf | title =Health &amp; Family Welfare Department | work =Health Statistics – Rural Hospitals | publisher =Government of West Bengal | access-date =10 April 2020 | archive-date =8 October 2022 | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20221008143352/https://www.wbhealth.gov.in/other_files/RH.pdf | url-status =dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = https://www.wbhealth.gov.in/other_files/PHC.pdf | title = Health &amp; Family Welfare Department | work = Health Statistics – Primary Health Centres | publisher = Government of West Bengal | access-date = 10 April 2020 | archive-date = 21 April 2018 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180421215645/https://www.wbhealth.gov.in/other_files/PHC.pdf | url-status = dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist|3}}<br /> <br /> {{Municipalities of West Bengal}}<br /> {{Bankura topics}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Community development blocks in Bankura district]]</div>

Vinay https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Results_of_the_2009_Indian_general_election_in_Tamil_Nadu_by_constituency&diff=530377 2025-09-09T13:57:19Z

<p>Vinay: </p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|none}}<br /> {{more citations needed|date=July 2020}}<br /> {{Politics of India}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=June 2020}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=June 2020}}<br /> '''Results of the [[15th Lok Sabha]] [[2009 Indian general election|election]] in [[Tamil Nadu]] by state assembly constituents'''.&lt;br /&gt; Overall, in the [[Indian general election in Tamil Nadu, 2009]], [[United Progressive Alliance]] ([[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]] (DMK) and allies) got 27 seats, while [[United National Progressive Alliance]] ([[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]] (AIADMK) and allies) got 12 seats.&lt;br /&gt;<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> |'''Key'''<br /> |'''Alliance'''<br /> |-<br /> |style=&quot;background-color:#E6FFE6&quot;|Green:<br /> |[[United Progressive Alliance|DMK+]]<br /> |-<br /> |style=&quot;background-color:#FFE6E6&quot;|Red:<br /> |[[United National Progressive Alliance|AIADMK+]]<br /> |-<br /> |(SC)<br /> |Seat is reserved for [[scheduled caste]].<br /> |-<br /> |(ST)<br /> |Seat is reserved for [[scheduled tribe]].<br /> |-<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Result by constituency==<br /> {{Election box begin|title=[[2009 Indian general elections]] : [[Thiruvallur Lok Sabha constituency|Thiruvallur]]}}{{Election box candidate with party link|party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|candidate=[[P. Venugopal]]|votes=3,68,294|percentage=43.34 |change=+43.34}}{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|candidate=S. Gayathri|votes=3,36,621|percentage=39.61|change=+39.61}}{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Desiya Murpokku Dravida Kazhagam|candidate=R. Suresh|votes=1,10,452|percentage=13.00|change=+13.00}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> | party = Bahujan Samaj Party<br /> | candidate =P. Anandan<br /> | votes = 10,746<br /> | percentage = 1.26<br /> | change = +1.26<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box majority|votes=31,673|percentage=3.79|change=----}}{{Election box turnout|votes=8,49,754|percentage=70.57|change=''New''}}{{Election box new seat win|winner=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}{{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> <br /> {{Election box begin | title=[[2009 Indian general elections]]: [[Chennai North Lok Sabha constituency|Chennai North]]}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link||party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|candidate=[[T. K. S. Elangovan]]|votes=2,81,055|percentage=42.59|change=-19.66}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link||party=Communist Party of India|candidate=[[D. Pandian]]|votes=2,61,902|percentage=39.69|change=}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link||party=Desiya Murpokku Dravida Kazhagam|candidate=V. Yuvaraj|votes=66,375|percentage=10.06|change=}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link||party=Bharatiya Janata Party|candidate=[[Tamilisai Soundararajan]]|votes=23,350|percentage=3.54|change=-20.03}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link||party=Bahujan Samaj Party|candidate=J. O. R. Santhashrini|votes=3,952|percentage=0.60|change=}}<br /> {{Election box majority|votes=19,153|percentage=2.90|change=}}<br /> {{Election box turnout||votes=6,59,889|percentage=64.91|change=}}<br /> {{Election box hold with party link|<br /> |winner = Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam<br /> |swing = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> <br /> {{Election box begin | title=[[2009 Indian general elections]]: [[Chennai South Lok Sabha constituency|Chennai South]]}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam<br /> |candidate = [[C. Rajendran]]<br /> |votes = 3,08,567<br /> |percentage = 42.38<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam<br /> |candidate = R. S. Bharathy<br /> |votes = 2,75,632<br /> |percentage = 37.86<br /> |change = <br /> }}{{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Desiya Murpokku Dravida Kazhagam<br /> |candidate = V. Gopinath<br /> |votes = 67,291<br /> |percentage = 9.24<br /> |change = <br /> }}{{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Bharatiya Janata Party<br /> |candidate = [[La Ganesan]]<br /> |votes = 42,925<br /> |percentage = 5.90<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate|<br /> |party = [[Independent politician|IND.]]<br /> |candidate = E. Sarath Babu<br /> |votes = 15,885<br /> |percentage = 2.18<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box majority|<br /> |votes = 32,935<br /> |percentage = 4.52<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box turnout|<br /> |votes = 7,28,113<br /> |percentage = 62.66<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link|<br /> |winner = All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam<br /> |loser = Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam<br /> |swing = <br /> }}<br /> <br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> <br /> {{Election box begin | title=[[2009 Indian general elections]]: [[Chennai Central Lok Sabha constituency|Chennai Central]]}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam<br /> |candidate = [[Dayanidhi Maran]]<br /> |votes = 2,85,783 <br /> |percentage = 46.82<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam<br /> |candidate = S. M. K. Mogamed Ali Jinnah<br /> |votes = 2,52,329<br /> |percentage = 41.34<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Desiya Murpokku Dravida Kazhagam <br /> |candidate = V. V. Ramakrishnan<br /> |votes = 38,959<br /> |percentage = 6.38<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Bahujan Samaj Party<br /> |candidate = S. Hyder Ali<br /> |votes = 13,160<br /> |percentage = 2.16<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Shiv Sena <br /> |candidate = Ramchand Raaj <br /> |votes = 613<br /> |percentage = 0.10 <br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box majority|<br /> |votes = 33,454<br /> |percentage = 5.48<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box turnout|<br /> |votes = 6,10,744<br /> |percentage = 61.03<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box hold with party link|<br /> |winner = Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam<br /> |swing = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> <br /> {{Election box begin | title=[[2009 Indian general elections]]: [[Sriperumbudur Lok Sabha constituency|Sriperumbudur]]}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|candidate=[[T.R. Baalu]]|votes=3,52,641|percentage=44.41|change=}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|party=Pattali Makkal Katchi|candidate=[[A. K. Moorthy]] |votes=3,27,605|percentage=41.26|change=}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|party=Desiya Murpokku Dravida Kazhagam|candidate=M. Arun Subramanian |votes=84,530|percentage=10.65|change=}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|party=Bahujan Samaj Party|candidate=Rajappa B|votes=4,483|percentage=0.56|change=}}<br /> {{Election box majority|votes=25,036|percentage=3.15|change=}}<br /> {{Election box turnout|votes=7,94,052|percentage=66.10|change=}}<br /> {{Election box hold with party link<br /> | winner = Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam<br /> | swing = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> <br /> {{Election box begin | title=[[2009 Indian general elections]]: [[Kancheepuram Lok Sabha constituency|Kancheepuram]]}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> | party = Indian National Congress<br /> | candidate = [[P. Viswanathan]]<br /> | votes = 3,30,237<br /> | percentage = 41.96<br /> | change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> | party = All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam<br /> | candidate = Dr. E. Ramakrishnan<br /> | votes = 3,17,134<br /> | percentage =40.29 <br /> | change =<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> | party = Desiya Murpokku Dravida Kazhagam<br /> | candidate = T. Tamilvendan<br /> | votes =1,03,560<br /> | percentage =13.16 <br /> | change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> | party = Bahujan Samaj Party<br /> | candidate =K. Uthrapathi<br /> | votes =5,663<br /> | percentage =0.72<br /> | change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box majority<br /> | votes =13,103<br /> | percentage = 1.67<br /> | change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box turnout<br /> | votes =7,86,910<br /> | percentage = 74.22<br /> | change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box new seat win<br /> |<br /> | winner = Indian National Congress<br /> | swing = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> <br /> {{Election box begin | title=[[2009 Indian general elections]]: [[Arakkonam Lok Sabha constituency|Arakkonam]]}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam<br /> |candidate = [[S. Jagathrakshakan]]<br /> |votes =4,15,041<br /> |percentage = 48.54<br /> |change =<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Pattali Makkal Katchi<br /> |candidate = [[R. Velu]]<br /> |votes =3,05,245 <br /> |percentage = 35.70<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party =Desiya Murpokku Dravida Kazhagam<br /> |candidate =S. Sankar<br /> |votes = 82,038<br /> |percentage =9.59<br /> |change =<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party =Independent politician<br /> |candidate =Panjatsaram D<br /> |votes =7,078<br /> |percentage =0.83<br /> |change =<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box majority|<br /> |votes =1,09,796<br /> |percentage = 12.87<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box turnout|<br /> |votes = 8,54,975<br /> |percentage = 77.82<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link|<br /> |winner = Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam<br /> | loser = Pattali Makkal Katchi<br /> |swing = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> <br /> {{Election box begin | title=[[2009 Indian general elections]]: [[Vellore Lok Sabha constituency|Vellore]]}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=[[Abdul Rahman (Vellore politician)|M. Abdul Rahman]]|party=Indian Union Muslim League|votes=3,60,474|percentage=49.78|change=}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=L. K. M. B. Vasu|party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|votes=2,53,081|percentage=34.95|change=}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Shoukath Sherif|party=Desiya Murpokku Dravida Kazhagam|votes=62,696|percentage=8.66|change=}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link||party=Bharatiya Janata Party|candidate=A. K. Rajendiran|votes=11,184|percentage=1.54|change=}}<br /> {{Election box majority||votes=1,07,393|percentage=14.84|change=}}<br /> {{Election box turnout||votes=7,24,150|percentage=71.69|change=}}<br /> {{Election box hold with party link|<br /> |winner = Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam<br /> <br /> |swing = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> <br /> {{Election box begin | title=[[2009 Indian general elections]]: [[Krishnagiri Lok Sabha constituency|Krishnagiri]]}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam<br /> |candidate = [[E. G. Sugavanam]]<br /> |votes = 3,35,977<br /> |percentage =44.64<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam<br /> |candidate =K. Nanjegowdu<br /> |votes = 2,59,379<br /> |percentage = 34.47<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Desiya Murpokku Dravida Kazhagam<br /> |candidate =D. Anbarasan <br /> |votes = 97,546<br /> |percentage =12.96<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Bharatiya Janata Party<br /> |candidate = G. Balakrishnan<br /> |votes = 20,486<br /> |percentage =2.72<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box majority|<br /> |votes =76,598<br /> |percentage =10.18<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box turnout|<br /> |votes =7,52,578<br /> |percentage = 74.16<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box hold with party link|<br /> |winner = Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam<br /> |swing = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> <br /> {{Election box begin | title=[[2009 Indian general elections]]: [[Dharmapuri Lok Sabha constituency|Dharmapuri]]}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |candidate = [[R. Thamaraiselvan]]<br /> |party = Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam<br /> |votes =3,65,812<br /> |percentage = 47.01<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Pattali Makkal Katchi |candidate =[[R. Senthil]]<br /> |votes = 2,29,870<br /> |percentage = 29.54<br /> |change =<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |candidate =V. Elangovan<br /> |party = Desiya Murpokku Dravida Kazhagam<br /> |votes = 1,03,494<br /> |percentage =13.30<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |candidate =G. Asokan<br /> |party = Kongunadu Munnetra Kazhagam<br /> |votes = 15,333<br /> |percentage =1.97<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate |<br /> |candidate =A. Raja<br /> |party = [[Independent politician|IND]]<br /> |votes = 10,561<br /> |percentage =1.36<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box majority|<br /> |votes = 1,35,942<br /> |percentage =17.47<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box turnout|<br /> |votes = 7,78,102<br /> |percentage = 72.75<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link|<br /> |loser = Pattali Makkal Katchi<br /> |winner=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam<br /> |swing = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> <br /> {{Election box begin | title=[[2009 Indian general elections]]: [[Tiruvannamalai Lok Sabha constituency|Tiruvannamalai]]}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=[[D. Venugopal]]|party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|votes=4,36,866|percentage=51.97|change=}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Guru (A) Gurunathan|party=Pattali Makkal Katchi|votes=2,88,566|percentage=34.33|change=}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=S. Manikandan|party=Desiya Murpokku Dravida Kazhagam|votes=56,960|percentage=6.78|change=}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Afroz Husna K S|party=Lok Janshakti Party|votes=5,798|percentage=0.69|change=}}<br /> {{Election box majority||votes=1,48,300|percentage=17.64|change=}}<br /> {{Election box turnout||votes=8,40,545|percentage=79.89|change=}}<br /> {{Election box new seat win|<br /> |winner = Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam<br /> |swing = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> <br /> {{Election box begin | title=[[2009 Indian general elections]]: [[Arani Lok Sabha constituency|Arani]]}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party=Indian National Congress<br /> |candidate=M. Krishnaswamy<br /> |votes= 3,96,728<br /> |percentage= 47.16<br /> |change=<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam<br /> |candidate=N. Subramaniyan<br /> |votes=2,89,898<br /> |percentage= 34.46<br /> |change=<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party=Desiya Murpokku Dravida Kazhagam<br /> |candidate=Ra. Mohanam<br /> |votes= 1,05,729<br /> |percentage= 12.57<br /> |change=<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate |<br /> |party=[[Independent politician|IND]]<br /> |candidate=M. Velaudham <br /> |votes= 14,919<br /> |percentage= 1.77<br /> |change=<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box majority|<br /> |votes= 1,06,830<br /> |percentage= 12.70<br /> |change= <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box turnout|<br /> |votes= 8,41,204<br /> |percentage= 76.62<br /> |change=<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box new seat win|<br /> |winner = Indian National Congress<br /> |swing = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> <br /> {{Election box begin | title=[[2009 Indian general elections]]: [[Viluppuram Lok Sabha constituency|Viluppuram]]&lt;ref name=&quot;2009_GE_Results&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/2857-constituency-wise-detailed-result/ | title=2009 Indian General Election Results | work=[[Election Commission of India]] | access-date=1 June 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link|<br /> |party = All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam<br /> |candidate = [[M. Anandan]]<br /> |votes = 306,826<br /> |percentage = 38.53<br /> |change = ''New''<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Viduthalai Chiruthaigal Katchi<br /> |candidate = K. Swamidurai<br /> |votes = 304,029<br /> |percentage = 38.17<br /> |change = ''New''<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Desiya Murpokku Dravida Kazhagam<br /> |candidate = P. M. Ganapathi<br /> |votes = 127,476 <br /> |percentage = 16.01<br /> |change = ''New''<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Independent (politician)<br /> |candidate = M. Kumar<br /> |votes = 14,770<br /> |percentage = 1.85<br /> |change = ''New''<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box majority|<br /> |votes = 2,797<br /> |percentage = 0.36<br /> |change = ''New''<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box turnout|<br /> |votes = 796,414<br /> |percentage = 74.56<br /> |change = ''New''<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box new seat win|<br /> |winner = All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> <br /> {{Election box begin | title=[[2009 Indian general elections]]: [[Kallakurichi Lok Sabha constituency|Kallakurichi]]}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Adhi Shankar|party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|votes=3,63,601|percentage=42.53|change=}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link||party=Pattali Makkal Katchi|candidate=K. Dhanaraju|votes=2,54,993|percentage=29.83|change=}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link||party=Desiya Murpokku Dravida Kazhagam|candidate=L. K. Sudhish|votes=1,32,223|percentage=15.47|change=}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link||party=Kongunadu Makkal Katchi|candidate=S. Ramesh|votes=17,818|percentage=2.08|change=}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link||party=Independent politician|candidate=A. Arun Kennadi|votes=13,216|percentage=1.55|change=}}<br /> {{Election box majority||votes=1,08,608|percentage=12.70|change=}}<br /> {{Election box turnout||votes=8,54,955|percentage=77.23|change=N/A}}<br /> {{Election box new seat win|<br /> |winner = Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam<br /> |loser = <br /> |swing = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> <br /> {{Election box begin | title=[[2009 Indian general elections]]: [[Salem Lok Sabha constituency|Salem]]}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> | party = All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam<br /> | candidate = [[S. Semmalai]]<br /> | votes = 3,80,460 <br /> | percentage = 42.48<br /> | change = +6.22<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> | party = Indian National Congress<br /> | candidate = [[K. V. Thangkabalu]]<br /> | votes = 3,33,969 <br /> | percentage = 37.29 <br /> | change = -22.64<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> | party = Desiya Murpokku Dravida Kazhagam<br /> | candidate = [[R. Mohan Raj|Alagaapuram R.Mohanraj]]<br /> | votes = 1,20,325 <br /> | percentage = 13.44 <br /> | change = -<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> | party = Independent (politician)<br /> | candidate = C.Selladurai<br /> | votes = 23,056 <br /> | percentage = 2.57 <br /> | change = n/a<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box majority<br /> | votes = 46,491<br /> | percentage = 5.19<br /> | change = -18.48<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box turnout<br /> | votes = 8,95,554 <br /> | percentage = 76.42<br /> | change = +17.17<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link<br /> | winner = All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam<br /> | loser = Indian National Congress<br /> | swing = +6.22<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> <br /> {{Election box begin | title=[[2009 Indian general elections]]: [[Namakkal Lok Sabha constituency|Namakkal]]}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=[[S. Gandhiselvan]]|party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|votes=3,71,476|percentage=43.89|change=New}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=V. Vairam Tamilarasi|party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|votes=2,69,045|percentage=31.79|change=New}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link||party=Desiya Murpokku Dravida Kazhagam|candidate=N. Maheswaran|votes=79,420|percentage=9.38|change=New}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=R. Devarasan|party=Kongunadu Munnetra Kazhagam|votes=52,433|percentage=6.19|change=New}}<br /> {{Election box majority||votes=1,02,431|percentage=12.12|change=New}}<br /> {{Election box turnout||votes=8,46,365|percentage=78.69|change=New}}<br /> {{Election box new seat win|<br /> |winner = Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam<br /> <br /> |swing = New<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> <br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[2009 Indian general election]] : [[Erode Lok Sabha constituency|Erode]]}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[A. Ganeshamurthi]] |party=Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=2,84,148 |percentage=37.12% |change= }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[E. V. K. S. Elangovan]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=2,34,812 |percentage=30.67% |change= }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=C. Balasubramaniam |party=Kongunadu Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=1,06,604 |percentage=13.93% |change= }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Muthu Venkateshwaran |party=Desiya Murpokku Dravida Kazhagam |votes=91,008 |percentage=11.89% |change= }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=N. P. Palanisamy |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=8,429 |percentage=1.10% |change= }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=S. Sivasankar |party=Independent politician |votes=6,802 |percentage=0.89% |change= }}<br /> <br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=49,336 |percentage=6.44% |change= }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=7,65,501 |percentage=75.98% |change= }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 10,10,079 |change = }}<br /> {{Election box new seat win |winner=Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser= |swing= }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> <br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[2009 Indian general election]] : [[Nilgiris Lok Sabha constituency|Nilgiris]]}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[A. Raja]] |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=3,16,802 |percentage=44.67% |change= }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=C. Krishnan |party=Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=2,30,781 |percentage=32.54% |change= }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=S. Selvaraj |party=Desiya Murpokku Dravida Kazhagam |votes=76,613 |percentage=10.80% |change= }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=S. Bhadiran |party=Kongunadu Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=32,776 |percentage=4.62% |change= }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=S. Gurumurthy |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=18,690 |percentage=2.64% |change=-30.35% }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=C. Velmurugan |party=Independent politician |votes=11,979 |percentage=1.69% |change= }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=G. Nagaraju |party=Independent politician |votes=8,821 |percentage=1.24% |change= }}<br /> <br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=86,021 |percentage=12.13% |change=-18.16% }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=7,09,158 |percentage=70.75% |change= 11.42% }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 10,03,168 |change =-23.86% }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link |winner=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= -18.60% }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> <br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[2009 Indian general election]] : [[Tiruppur Lok Sabha constituency|Tiruppur]]}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[C. Sivasamy]] |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=2,95,731 |percentage=39.92% |change= }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[S. K. Kharventhan]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=2,10,385 |percentage=28.40% |change= }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=K. Balasubramanian |party=Kongunadu Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=95,299 |percentage=12.86% |change= }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=N. Dinesh Kumar |party=Desiya Murpokku Dravida Kazhagam |votes=86,933 |percentage=11.73% |change= }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=M. Sivakumar |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=11,466 |percentage=1.55% |change= }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=R. Pandian Alais Kalaimagal Pandian |party=Independent politician |votes=10,356 |percentage=1.40% |change= }}<br /> <br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=85,346 |percentage=11.52% |change= }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=7,40,857 |percentage=74.64% |change= }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 9,93,758 |change = }}<br /> {{Election box new seat win |winner=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser= |swing= }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[2009 Indian general election]] : [[Coimbatore Lok Sabha constituency|Coimbatore]]}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[P. R. Natarajan]] |party=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |votes=2,93,165 |percentage=35.64% |change= }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[R. Prabhu]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=2,54,501 |percentage=30.94% |change= }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=E. R. Eswaran |party=Kongunadu Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=1,28,070 |percentage=15.57% |change= }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=R. Pandian |party=Desiya Murpokku Dravida Kazhagam |votes=73,188 |percentage=8.90% |change= }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=G. K. S. Selvakumar |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=37,909 |percentage=4.61% |change=-34.13% }}<br /> <br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=38,664 |percentage=4.70% |change=-14.02% }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=8,22,566 |percentage=70.81% |change= 15.20% }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 11,63,781 |change =-26.54% }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link |winner=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |loser=Communist Party of India |swing= -21.82% }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[2009 Indian general election]] : [[Pollachi Lok Sabha constituency|Pollachi]]}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[K. Sugumar]] |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=3,05,935 |percentage=39.77% |change=1.81% }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[K. Shamugasundaram]] |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=2,59,910 |percentage=33.79% |change= }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Best S. Ramasamy |party=Kongunadu Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=1,03,004 |percentage=13.39% |change= }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=K. P. Thangavel |party=Desiya Murpokku Dravida Kazhagam |votes=38,824 |percentage=5.05% |change= }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=V. S. Baba Ramesh |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=16,815 |percentage=2.19% |change= }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=E. Ummar |party=Manithaneya Makkal Katchi |votes=13,933 |percentage=1.81% |change= }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=P. Sukumar |party=Independent politician |votes=5,660 |percentage=0.74% |change= }}<br /> <br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=46,025 |percentage=5.98% |change=-12.82% }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=7,69,303 |percentage=75.80% |change= 13.71% }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 10,17,811 |change =-2.07% }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link |winner=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= -17.00% }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[2009 Indian general election]] : [[Dindigul Lok Sabha constituency|Dindigul]]}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[N. S. V. Chitthan]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=3,61,545 |percentage=44.10% |change=-14.88% }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=P. Baalasubramani |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=3,07,198 |percentage=37.47% |change=0.97% }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=P. Muthuvelraj |party=Desiya Murpokku Dravida Kazhagam |votes=1,00,788 |percentage=12.29% |change= }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=M. Srinivasa Babu |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=6,960 |percentage=0.85% |change=0.12% }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=K. A. Motilal |party=Independent politician |votes=6,706 |percentage=0.82% |change= }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=M. Sellamuthu K |party=Kongunadu Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=6,411 |percentage=0.78% |change= }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=K. Durai |party=Independent politician |votes=6,063 |percentage=0.74% |change= }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=G. Manikanda Prabu |party=Independent politician |votes=5,331 |percentage=0.65% |change= }}<br /> <br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=54,347 |percentage=6.63% |change=-15.85% }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=10,85,696 |percentage=75.51% |change= 14.83% }}<br /> {{Election box rejected|votes=3|percentage=0.00% }}{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 8,19,860 |change =-4.54% }}<br /> {{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= -14.88% }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[2009 Indian general election]] : [[Karur Lok Sabha constituency|Karur]]}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[M. Thambidurai]] |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=3,80,542 |percentage=46.21% |change=11.31% }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=K. C. Palanisamy|party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|votes=3,33,288|percentage=40.48%|change=-20.10%}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=R. Ramanathan|party=Desiya Murpokku Dravida Kazhagam|votes=51,196|percentage=6.22%|change=}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=R. Natarajan|party=Kongunadu Munnetra Kazhagam|votes=14,269|percentage=1.73%|change=}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=K. Shankar|party=Independent politician|votes=6,519|percentage=0.79%|change=}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=T. Karventhan|party=Independent politician|votes=5,553|percentage=0.67%|change=}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=R. Dharmalingam|party=Bahujan Samaj Party|votes=5,413|percentage=0.66%|change=}}<br /> <br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=47,254 |percentage=5.74% |change=-19.93% }}<br /> {{Election box turnout|votes=8,23,421|percentage=81.43%|change=11.76%}}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 10,12,924 |change =-5.28% }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link |winner=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= -14.36% }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[2009 Indian general election]] : [[Tiruchirappalli Lok Sabha constituency|Tiruchirappalli]]}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[P. Kumar]] |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=2,98,710 |percentage=41.65% |change=8.58% }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Charubala Tondaiman]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=2,94,375 |percentage=41.05% |change= }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=A. M. G. Vijaykumar |party=Desiya Murpokku Dravida Kazhagam |votes=61,742 |percentage=8.61% |change= }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=R. Lalitha Kumaramangalam |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=30,329 |percentage=4.23% |change= }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=P. Ravi |party=Tamizhaga Murpokku Makkal Katchi |votes=5,016 |percentage=0.70% |change= }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=N. Kalyana Sundaram |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=4,897 |percentage=0.68% |change=0.06% }}<br /> <br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=4,335 |percentage=0.60% |change=-30.00% }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=7,17,165 |percentage=67.33% |change= 7.81% }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 10,67,193 |change =-10.49% }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link |winner=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= -22.02% }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:2009 Indian general election by state or union territory|Tamil Nadu]]<br /> [[Category:Indian general elections in Tamil Nadu]]<br /> [[Category:2000s in Tamil Nadu]]<br /> [[Category:Results of general elections in India]]</div>

Vinay https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Edila_Gaitonde&diff=498166 2025-08-28T20:22:02Z

<p>Vinay: Made a stub</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Portuguese musician and writer (1920–2021)}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=December 2024}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=December 2024}}<br /> {{Infobox person<br /> | name = Edila Gaitonde<br /> | image = Edila Gaitonde.jpg<br /> | alt = Edila Nava<br /> | caption = Portrait of Edila Gaitonde<br /> | birth_name = Edila Brum Dutra de Andrade<br /> | birth_date = {{Birth date|1920|11|3|df=yes}}<br /> | birth_place = [[Faial Island]], [[Azores]], [[Portugal]]<br /> | death_date = {{Death date and age|2021|07|27|1920|11|3|df=yes}}<br /> | death_place = <br /> | relatives = <br /> | spouse = {{Plainlist|<br /> * {{Marriage|[[Pundalik Gaitonde]]|1948|1992|end=death}}<br /> * {{Marriage|António Nava|2010|2017|end=death}}<br /> }}<br /> | other_names = Edila Nava<br /> | occupation = Musician<br /> | years_active = <br /> | known_for = <br /> | notable_works = <br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Edila Nava''' or '''Edila Gaitonde''' (born '''Edila Brum Dutra de Andrade'''; 3 November 1920 – 27 July 2021) was a Portuguese musician and writer.<br /> <br /> == Life and career ==<br /> <br /> === Early life ===<br /> Edila Brum Dutra de Andrade&lt;ref name=&quot;Faialense20&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=23 February 2020|url=http://correiodosacores.pt/NewsDetail/ArtMID/383/ArticleID/20420/Faialense-Edila-Gaintonde-merece-uma-distin231227o-nos-A231ores-e-em-Portugal|title=Faialense Edila Gaintonde merece uma distinção nos Açores e em Portugal|trans-title=Edila Gaintonde from Faial deserves a distinction in the Azores and Portugal|url-status=dead|access-date=27 Dec 2024|archive-date=2 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210502100137/http://correiodosacores.pt/NewsDetail/ArtMID/383/ArticleID/20420/Faialense-Edila-Gaintonde-merece-uma-distin231227o-nos-A231ores-e-em-Portugal|work=Correío dos Açores|language=pt-PT}}&lt;/ref&gt; was born on 3 November 1920 to Júlio Dutra Andrade and Adelaide Albertina Brum, on the [[Faial Island]] in the [[Azores]] islands just off the coast of [[Portugal]].&lt;ref name=&quot;HeraldTyrants20&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|first=Selma|last=Carvalho|date=26 Nov 2020|url=https://www.heraldgoa.in/Edit/Opinions/Thus-always-to-tyrants/167962|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210502100806/https://www.heraldgoa.in/Edit/Opinions/Thus-always-to-tyrants/167962|archive-date=2 May 2021|title=Thus always to tyrants |work=[[oHeraldo]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Júlio was a poet, playwright, journalist and sportsman who had published several books of his own.&lt;ref name=&quot;Faialense20&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> Edila's parents were amateur musicians and encouraged her to study music further. She thus joined the Lisbon Music Conservatory to study music and pursue it as a career. By 1943, the family had moved to Lisbon for the same. Back then, it was rare for an Azorean woman to move to Lisbon.&lt;ref name=&quot;Faialense20&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> === First marriage ===<br /> Edila was originally in a romantic relationship with a Portuguese man named António Nava, also from Faial island, since she was a teenager.&lt;ref name=&quot;Faialense20&quot; /&gt;<br /> In 1947, Edila, while busy with her studies, fell ill for a long period of time, caused by her exhaustion. Her cousin then invited [[Pundalik Gaitonde]], a wealthy [[Hindu]] [[Brahmin]] doctor, to visit her. Gaitonde diagnosed her with double [[pleurisy]]. Her recovery took a year, during which she began a relationship with Gaitonde.&lt;ref name=&quot;HeraldTyrants20&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> Pundalik and Edila decided to marry, but faced stiff opposition from their respective families. However, Pundalik's father later relented and granted permission. Pundalik and Edila married&lt;ref name=&quot;ToITriumphs12&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/goa/bringing-alive-trials-triumphs-of-goans-under-the-portuguese/articleshow/13912708.cms |title = Edila Gaitonde: Bringing alive trials, triumphs of Goans under the Portuguese | website=[[The Times of India]] | date=8 June 2012 }}&lt;/ref&gt; in a civil ceremony in 1948, making her the first White Portuguese woman to marry a Goan Hindu man.&lt;ref name=&quot;HeraldTyrants20&quot; /&gt; They spent their [[honeymoon]] at [[Peniche, Portugal|Peniche]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Jeevanrekha09&quot; /&gt; The couple had no children.&lt;ref name=&quot;HeraldTyrants20&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> Gaitonde selected [[Peniche, Portugal|Peniche]] as the honeymoon destination because it was the location of the prison-fort where several activists of the [[Goa Liberation Movement]] such as [[Tristão de Bragança Cunha]], [[Purushottam Kakodkar]], [[Rama Hegde]], [[José Inácio Candido de Loyola]] and [[Laxmikant Bhembre]] were imprisoned. These prisoners organised a celebration in honour of Pundalik and Edila, and hosted a meal for the newlyweds. A woman journalist from France was on a visit to the prison in order to meet [[Tristão de Bragança Cunha]]. When she questioned Pundalik Gaitonde about why he had selected [[Peniche, Portugal|Peniche]] as the destination for the honeymoon, Dr. Gaitonde replied, &quot;Homage to sacrifice!&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;Jeevanrekha09&quot;&gt;{{cite book|title=डॉ. पुंडलिक गायतोंडे: जीवनरेखा |trans-title = Dr. Pundalik Gaitonde: Jeevanrekha|editor-first=Somnath |editor-last=Komarpant |date=April 2009 |publisher= Shivanand Gaitonde, Sateri Prakashan |location=Pune |language=mr}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;FaleiroGoa1961&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |last=Faleiro |first=Valmiki |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GYLyEAAAQBAJ |title=Goa, 1961: The Complete Story of Nationalism and Integration |date=2023-07-24 |publisher=Penguin Random House India Private Limited |isbn=978-93-5708-175-7 |pages=22–23 |access-date=21 August 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> === Life after first marriage ===<br /> They soon moved to Goa, with Edila moving in with Gaitonde's Hindu family. Gaitonde then began his medical practice there, while continuing his nationalist activities as part of the National Congress (Goa). Against the family's advice, Edila started a music school with the intention of the Western classical music education in Goa. In 1952, she trained 30 candidates for the examinations of the [[Royal School of Music]] in London. The school sent an examiner to Goa only for this.&lt;ref name=&quot;Faialense20&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> When Gaitonde was arrested and deported to Portugal in 1954, Edila travelled with him. He was initially detained in the Aljube prison in [[Lisbon]] and later placed under [[house arrest]] in [[Porto]].&lt;ref name=&quot;HeraldTyrants20&quot; /&gt; Later in 1955, they moved to India, living in Mumbai and subsequently in Delhi.&lt;ref name=&quot;Faialense20&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> Following his defeat in the 1963 Lok Sabha elections, Gaitonde left Goa permanently for [[London]]&lt;ref name=&quot;ShirodkarWho86&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |last=Shirodkar |first=Pandurang Purushottam |author-link=Pandurang Purushottam Shirodkar |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ISScyAEACAAJ |title=Who's Who of Freedom Fighters, Goa, Daman, and Diu |date=1986 |publisher=Goa Gazetteer Department, Government of the Union Territory of Goa, Daman, and Diu |volume=1 |pages=106–107}}&lt;/ref&gt; with Edila. He then worked in a hospital there till he retired and began writing.&lt;ref name=&quot;IndependentObituary&quot;&gt;{{Cite news |first=Antonio |last=de Figueiredo |date=21 December 1992 |title=Obituary: Pundlik Gaitonde |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/obituary-pundlik-gaitonde-1564838.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220707203350/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/obituary-pundlik-gaitonde-1564838.html |archive-date=7 July 2022 |access-date=2024-12-22 |work=The Independent |language=en-GB |url-access=subscription |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Meanwhile, Edila taught music in various high schools and they both published multiple books.&lt;ref name=&quot;Faialense20&quot; /&gt; Gaitonde died in London in 1992.&lt;ref name=&quot;IndependentObituary&quot;&gt;{{Cite news |first=Antonio |last=de Figueiredo |date=21 December 1992 |title=Obituary: Pundlik Gaitonde |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/obituary-pundlik-gaitonde-1564838.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220707203350/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/obituary-pundlik-gaitonde-1564838.html |archive-date=7 July 2022 |access-date=2024-12-22 |work=The Independent |language=en-GB |url-access=subscription |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> === Writing career ===<br /> Edila authored multiple books during her stay in London. Her first book, ''In Search of Tomorrow'', covers her life in India after her marriage. Her second book, ''The Tulsi'', is a collection of short stories, including about the life of a Portuguese woman and her experiences in a Goan Hindu household.&lt;ref name=&quot;ToITriumphs12&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Castro |first=Paul Michael Melo e |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0-yVDwAAQBAJ |title=Colonial and Post-Colonial Goan Literature in Portuguese: Woven Palms |date=2019-02-15 |publisher=University of Wales Press |isbn=978-1-78683-391-4 |page=249}}&lt;/ref&gt; Her last book, ''Edmund the Mariner'', covers the Spanish rule in Portugal, drawing a parallel to the Portuguese rule in Goa.&lt;ref name=&quot;ToITriumphs12&quot; /&gt; She also wrote ''As Maçãs Azuis: Portugal e Goa 1948–1961'' ({{Translation|''The Blue Apples: Portugal and Goa 1948-1961''}}), describing to her mother.&lt;ref name=&quot;FaleiroGoa1961&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> === Second marriage ===<br /> During a visit to her native Faial, she reunited with her first boyfriend António Nava, now a widower and the father of the poet Luís Miguel Nava. Nava and Edila got married in 2010, and lived in [[Leça da Palmeira|Leça de Palmeira]], in [[Porto]], until his death in 2017.&lt;ref name=&quot;Faialense20&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> === Death ===<br /> Edila died on 27 July 2021 at the age of 100.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=27 July 2021 |title=Ativista Edila Gaitonde, envolvida na libertação de Goa, Damão e Diu morre aos 100 anos |trans-title=Activist Edila Gaitonde, involved in the liberation of Goa, Daman and Diu dies at 100 |url=https://observador.pt/2021/07/27/ativista-edila-gaitonde-envolvida-na-libertacao-de-goa-damao-e-diu-morre-aos-100-anos/ |access-date=2024-12-26 |website=Observador |language=pt-PT}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Works ==<br /> * ''In Search of Tomorrow''<br /> * ''The Tulsi''<br /> * ''As Maçãs Azuis: Portugal e Goa 1948–1961'' ({{Translation|''The Blue Apples: Portugal and Goa 1948-1961''}})<br /> * ''Edmund the Mariner''<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{Authority control}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Gaitonde, Edila}}<br /> [[Category:1920 births]]<br /> [[Category:2021 deaths]]<br /> [[Category:Goa liberation activists]]<br /> [[Category:People from Faial Island]]</div>

Vinay https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vinod_Intelligent_Cookware&diff=544709 2025-08-05T04:34:39Z

<p>Vinay: stub!</p> <hr /> <div>{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2018}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=August 2018}}<br /> {{Multiple issues|<br /> {{Orphan|date=March 2016}}<br /> {{Advert|date=July 2016}}<br /> {{More citations needed|date=October 2018}}<br /> }}<br /> {{Infobox company<br /> | founder = Rajeram Agarwal<br /> }}<br /> '''Vinod Intelligent Cookware''' is an Indian manufacturer of [[cookware]].<br /> <br /> It was [[Anil Agarwal (industrialist)|Anil Agarwal]], son of Rajeram Agarwal, who collaborated with [[Saphymo Steel]] of [[France]] to introduce &quot;Copper Sandwich Bottom Cookware&quot;, which is a multi-layered bottom and also a good conductor of heat. For this, Mr Agarwal built a manufacturing unit &quot;Kraftwares (I) Ltd&quot; at [[Palghar]], [[Mumbai]] and took a step by setting up a factory in [[Bhandup]], [[Mumbai]], which was manufacturing stainless steel products for the local market. These products are now in the national market as &quot;Vinod Bowl&quot; or &quot;Vinod Entry Dish&quot;.<br /> <br /> As a modestly priced product, Vinod cookware is accessible to many Indian households. The range of cookware supports cooking a broad spectrum of Indian cuisine.<br /> <br /> ==History==<br /> <br /> === Timeline ===<br /> <br /> * 2015 - [[Mandira Bedi]] becomes brand ambassador&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://news.statetimes.in/vinod-cookware-ropes-in-mandira-bedi-as-brand-ambassador/ | title=Vinod Cookware ropes in Mandira Bedi as brand ambassador|date=2015-09-30 | website=State Times | language=en-GB | access-date=2016-07-04| author1=Webmaster}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * 2014 - [[Vinod Group]] became the largest exporter of stainless{{citation needed|date=July 2016}}<br /> * 2013 - [[Sakshi Tanwar]] as its Brand Ambassador&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=http://www.adgully.com/vinod-cookware-hires-sakshi-tanwar-as-its-brand-ambassador-55528.html | title=Vinod Cookware hires Sakshi Tanwar as its Brand Ambassador | website=Adgully.com | access-date=2016-07-04}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * 2006 - Set up another factory in [[Palghar]]<br /> * 2000 - manufacturing base was set up in Palghar<br /> * 1992 - Vinod Cookware went global as Kraftwares began to export<br /> * 1990 - Vinod launched Aluminum Sandwich Bottom Cookware<br /> * 1987 - Collaborated with [[Saphymo Steel]]<br /> * 1977 - Factory opened in [[Bhandup]]<br /> * 1962 - The company founded as a cookware trading company&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=http://www.vinodcookware.com/aboutus.aspx | title=VINOD COOKWARE | website=Vinodcookware.com | access-date=2016-07-04}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Products ==<br /> <br /> Product Category:<br /> <br /> * [[Pressure cooker]]<br /> * Pressure PAN<br /> * Zest non-stick<br /> * Hard anodized<br /> * Triply<br /> * [[Stainless steel]]<br /> * Kraft appliances<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> *[http://www.indiainfoline.com/article/news-sector-fmcg/vinod-cookware-introducesvito-health-cookware-113110812962_1.html Vinod Introduces &quot;Vito Health&quot;]<br /> *[http://www.fnbnews.com/Equipment/Vinod-Cookware-launches-Multi-Kadai-with-dhokla-idli-and-patra-plates Vinod Cookware Introduces Multi Kadai]<br /> *[http://www.fnbnews.com/Equipment/vinod-cookware-offers-zest-superb-a-cookware-in-2-colours--combo-pack-38049 Vinod Cookware Introduces Zest Superb+] <br /> *[http://www.entrepreneur.com/article/253325 Vinod Cookware – a debt free Rs300 crore company]<br /> <br /> [[Category:Manufacturing companies established in 1962]]<br /> [[Category:Kitchenware brands]]<br /> [[Category:Companies based in Mumbai]]<br /> [[Category:1962 establishments in Maharashtra]]</div>

Vinay https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Times_Now_Navbharat&diff=478400 2025-08-04T02:21:29Z

<p>Vinay: Created Details.</p> <hr /> <div>{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2023}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=May 2023}}<br /> {{Infobox television channel<br /> | name = Times Now Navbharat<br /> | logo = Times Now Navbharat.svg<br /> | launch_date = {{start date and age|2021|8|1|df=y}}<br /> | sister_channels = [[Times Now]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Zoom (Indian TV channel)|Zoom]]&lt;br/&gt;[[ET Now]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Movies Now]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Romedy Now]]&lt;br/&gt;[[MN+]]&lt;br/&gt;[[MNX (TV channel)|MNX]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Mirror Now]]&lt;br/&gt;ET Now Swadesh<br /> | country = [[India]]<br /> | owner = [[The Times Group]]<br /> | language = Hindi<br /> | picture_format = [[4:3]] ([[576i]], [[SDTV]]) &lt;br/&gt; [[16:9]] ([[1080i]], [[HDTV]])<br /> | headquarters = [[Noida]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], India<br /> | area = Worldwide<br /> | website = {{URL|timesnowhindi.com}}<br /> | online_serv_1 = Live Stream<br /> | online_chan_1 = [https://www.timesnowhindi.com/live-tv Watch Live]<br /> }}<br /> '''Times Now Navbharat''' is a [[Hindi]]-language [[television news]] channel based in [[Noida]], India.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2022-11-18 |title=Change in Hindi news pecking order – Times Now Navbharat overtakes ABP News: Best Media Info |url=https://bestmediainfo.com/2022/11/change-in-hindi-news-pecking-order-times-now-navbharat-overtakes-abp-news |access-date=2023-03-01 |website=bestmediainfo.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Details ==<br /> Times Now Navbharat is owned by [[The Times Group|Times Group]]. It is one of the most watched Hindi channels in the country.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Former Zee News Mumbai Bureau Chief Rakesh Trivedi joins Times Now Navbharat – Exchange4media |url=https://www.exchange4media.com/media-tv-news/former-zee-news-mumbai-bureau-chief-rakesh-trivedi-joins-times-now-navbharat-124652.html |access-date=2023-03-01 |website=Indian Advertising Media &amp; Marketing News – exchange4media |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; This channel operates from Noida, Uttar Pradesh. It began on 1 August 2021 in HD version. After this it also began in SD version on 1 January 2022. This move allowed the channel to expand to a larger audience.<br /> <br /> Along with the other Times group channels ([[Zoom (Indian TV channel)|Zoom]], [[ET Now]] and [[Movies Now]]), Times Now is distributed by Media Network and Distribution (India) Ltd (MNDIL), which is a joint venture between [[The Times Group]] and Yogesh Radhakrishnan, a cable and satellite industry veteran, under the brand Prime Connect.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=BCCL floats TV distribution joint venture|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/BCCL-floats-TV-distribution-joint-venture/articleshow/7375417.cms|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140114064410/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-01-28/india-business/28367584_1_channels-joint-venture-tv-foray|url-status=live|work=[[The Times of India]]|archive-date=14 January 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/times-now-navbharat-goes-on-air-from-august-1/articleshow/84911139.cms|title=Times Now Navbharat goes on air from August 1|newspaper=The Times of India |date=31 July 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == News shows ==<br /> <br /> * ''Sawal Public Ka''<br /> * ''News ki [[Pathasala|Pathshala]]''<br /> * ''Dhakad Exclusive''<br /> * ''[[Democracy in India|Logtantra]]''<br /> * ''[[Indian nationalism|Rashtravad]]''<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> == External links ==<br /> *[https://www.timesnowhindi.com Official website]<br /> *[https://journalismguide.in/times-now-navbharat-logo-changed/ Times Now Navbharat Logo Change]<br /> {{Television news in India}}<br /> {{The Times Group}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Hindi-language television channels in India]]<br /> [[Category:Hindi-language television stations]]<br /> [[Category:24-hour television news channels in India]]<br /> [[Category:The Times Group]]<br /> [[Category:Television channels and stations established in 2021]]<br /> [[Category:Television channels of The Times Group]]<br /> [[Category:Television channels based in Noida]]<br /> [[Category:2021 establishments in Uttar Pradesh]]<br /> [[Category:Right-wing politics in India]]<br /> [[Category:Conservatism in India]]<br /> [[Category:Indian nationalism]]<br /> [[Category:Television stations in Mumbai]]<br /> [[Category:2021 establishments in Maharashtra]]</div>

Vinay https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Thik_Jeno_Love_Story&diff=540845 2025-06-27T19:31:51Z

<p>Vinay: stub</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Indian television series}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=July 2024}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=November 2023}}<br /> {{Infobox television<br /> | image = Thik Jeno Love Story.jpg<br /> | image_size =<br /> | image_alt = <br /> | caption = <br /> | alt_name = <br /> | genre = [[Drama (film and television)|Drama]] &lt;br&gt; [[Television comedy|Comedy]] &lt;br&gt; [[Romance film|Romance]]<br /> | creator = [[Shree Venkatesh Films]]<br /> | based_on = <br /> | developer = <br /> | screenplay = Saswati Ghosh&lt;br&gt;'''Dialogues'''&lt;br&gt;[[Antara Banerjee]]<br /> | director = [[Soumik Chatterjee]] &lt;br&gt; Subhojit Chakraborty<br /> | creative_director = <br /> | presenter = <br /> | starring = [[Neel Bhattacharya]] &lt;br&gt; Sairity Banerjee &lt;br&gt; [[Debolina Dutta]] &lt;br&gt; [[Dipankar De]]<br /> | judges = <br /> | narrated = <br /> | theme_music_composer = <br /> | voices = [[Arindam Chatterjee]] and Prashmita Paul<br /> | opentheme = <br /> | endtheme = <br /> | composer = [[Arindam Chatterjee]]<br /> | country = India<br /> | language = Bengali<br /> | list_episodes = <br /> | executive_producer = <br /> | producer = [[Shrikant Mohta]] &lt;br&gt; [[Mahendra Soni]]<br /> | editor = <br /> | location = [[Kolkata]]<br /> | cinematography = <br /> | camera = [[Multi-camera]]<br /> | runtime = 22 minutes<br /> | company = [[Shree Venkatesh Films]]<br /> | network = [[Star Jalsha]]<br /> | num_seasons = <br /> | num_episodes = 324<br /> | first_aired = {{start date|df=y|2014|11|10}}<br /> | last_aired = {{end date|df=y|2015|11|21}}<br /> | related = <br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''''Thik Jeno Love Story''''' is a [[Bengali language|Bengali]] television [[soap opera]] that premiered on 10 November 2014 and aired on [[Star Jalsha]]. It was produced by [[Shree Venkatesh Films]] and stars [[Neel Bhattacharya]] and Sairity Banerjee in lead roles.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/bengali/Fresh-faces-on-TVs-latest-love-story/articleshow/45034356.cms|title=Fresh faces on TV's latest love story|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=5 November 2014|archive-date=2 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180902235227/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/bengali/Fresh-faces-on-TVs-latest-love-story/articleshow/45034356.cms|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Actress Sairity Banerjee gets emotional as she shares a romantic dance sequence from ‘Thik Jeno Love Story’ - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/bengali/actress-sairity-banerjee-gets-emotional-as-she-shares-a-romantic-dance-sequence-from-thik-jeno-love-story/articleshow/77241352.cms |work=[[The Times of India]] |date=29 July 2020 |access-date=1 February 2021 |archive-date=8 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210108204443/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/bengali/actress-sairity-banerjee-gets-emotional-as-she-shares-a-romantic-dance-sequence-from-thik-jeno-love-story/articleshow/77241352.cms |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Plot ==<br /> The story revolves around Isha, a simple girl full of life, and Adi, the spoilt brat of an influential politician. Isha, having lost her parents in childhood, grew up with her brothers, Prabal and Pratik, who dote on her. She is a die-hard romantic and spends her time with her two best friends, Pooja and Neha.<br /> <br /> Pooja starts chatting with a mystery man on the Internet who turns out to be Adi. They plan to meet during the opening of a night club. Things, however, get out of hand and Pooja dies due to drug overdose while Isha is saved by Adi. The only witness to Pooja's death is Prabal, who considers Adi responsible for it. Isha however trusts Adi completely and saves him from accusations. Prabal becomes uncomfortable with Isha's growing relationship with Adi and warns him to stay away from his sister and insults him in the process.<br /> <br /> Adi vows revenge and plans to manipulate Isha by promising to marry her. Unaware of Adi's evil ploys, Isha continues to fall for him and ends up marrying him. Adi, however, lifts the blindfold of trust from Isha's eyes and declares that it was all but a game for him, and that he did not consider the marriage to be anything serious. Isha then decides to leave Adi forever but is stopped by Adi's father, who believes that only Isha could save Adi from the path of self-destruction he was on. Isha decides to stay and give her relationship another chance as she believes in the basic goodness of Adi's heart.<br /> <br /> == Cast ==<br /> * [[Neel Bhattacharya]] as Adidev Bose / Adi<br /> * [[Sairity Banerjee]] as Late Isha Bose (née Mitra) / Aankhi Bose (née Mitra)<br /> * [[Dipankar De]] as Ranjan Bose<br /> * [[Debolina Dutta]] as Rajeshwari / Mon&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Debleena Dutta in Thik jeno Love Story - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/bengali/Debleena-Dutta-in-Thik-jeno-Love-Story/articleshow/45271362.cms |work=[[The Times of India]] |date=25 November 2014 |access-date=1 February 2021 |archive-date=22 January 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170122075405/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/bengali/Debleena-Dutta-in-Thik-jeno-Love-Story/articleshow/45271362.cms |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * [[Manoj Ojha]] as Agnidev Bose / Natun Gosain<br /> * [[Ananya Biswas]] as Ani<br /> * [[Avrajit Chakraborty]] as Sanjay<br /> * [[Dolon Roy]] as Krishna<br /> * [[Arijit Chakraborty]] as Probal Mitra<br /> * [[John Bhattacharya]] as Rohit<br /> * [[Ayesha Bhattacharya]] as Tiya<br /> * [[Mita Chatterjee]] as Adi's grandmother<br /> * [[Moumita Chakraborty]] as Menoka<br /> * [[Sohan Bandopadhyay]] as Raktim<br /> * [[Debdut Ghosh]] as Siddhartha Bose<br /> * [[Soham Basu Roy Chowdhury]] as Nonta<br /> * [[Runa Bandopadhyay]] as Kaberi<br /> * [[Rupam Roy]] as Pratik Mitra<br /> * [[Deerghoi Paul]] as Neha<br /> * [[Alivia Sarkar]] as Pooja<br /> * [[Ashmita Chakraborty]] as Mimi<br /> * [[Somraj Maity]] as Tunir Sengupta<br /> * [[Sourav Das (actor)|Sourav Das]] as Kripan<br /> * [[Anindya Bose]] as Siddhartha<br /> * [[Sanchaari Das]] as Komol<br /> <br /> == Awards ==<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> ! Year<br /> ! Award<br /> ! Category<br /> ! Result<br /> |-<br /> | 2015<br /> | Tele Academy Awards<br /> | Best Makeup<br /> | {{won}}<br /> |}<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Thik Jeno Love Story}}<br /> [[Category:2014 Indian television series debuts]]<br /> [[Category:2015 Indian television series endings]]<br /> [[Category:Bengali-language television programming in India]]<br /> [[Category:Star Jalsha original programming]]</div>

Vinay https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=A._F._Ferguson_%26_Co.&diff=483747 2025-05-17T02:48:22Z

<p>Vinay: stub</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Pakistani accounting firm}}<br /> {{third-party|date=January 2019}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=May 2025}}<br /> {{Infobox company<br /> | name = A.F. Ferguson &amp; Co.<br /> | logo = AF_Ferguson_Pakistan.png<br /> | type = Accountancy network<br /> | foundation = 1893<br /> | founder = Alexander Fletcher Ferguson<br /> | successor = [[A. F. Ferguson &amp; Co. (Pakistan)|A. F. Ferguson &amp; Co.]] (Pakistan)&lt;br /&gt;[[Ferguson Maidment &amp; Co.]] (UK)&lt;br /&gt;[[A. F. Ferguson &amp; Co. (India)|A. F. Ferguson &amp; Co.]] (India)&lt;br /&gt;[[Hoda Vasi Chowdhury &amp; Co.]] (Bangladesh)<br /> | location = [[Bombay]], [[Karachi]], [[Lahore]], [[Islamabad]], [[London]], [[Dhaka]], [[Kabul]]<br /> | industry = [[Professional services]]<br /> | area_served = [[British Raj|British India]] (1893-1947)&lt;br /&gt;[[United Kingdom|UK]] (1912-present)&lt;br /&gt;[[Pakistan]] (1952-present)&lt;br /&gt;[[India]] (1952–2004)&lt;br /&gt;[[Bangladesh]] (1963–1972)<br /> | products = [[Accounting]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Tax]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Business consulting]]<br /> | num_employees =<br /> | revenue =<br /> | homepage =<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''A.F. Ferguson &amp; Co.''' was a [[British Raj|British Indian]] [[Accountancy|accounting]] firm founded in 1893. Today it is based in Pakistan.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.thenews.com.pk/print/369891-a-f-ferguson-celebrates-125-years-of-business|title=A F Ferguson celebrates 125 years of business|date=18 September 2018|accessdate=19 October 2021|newspaper=The News}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==History==<br /> {{More citations needed|section|date=October 2021}}<br /> <br /> The origins of the firm go back to 1893. Alexander Fletcher Ferguson (A. F. Ferguson), a [[chartered accountant]] from Scotland, came to Bombay in 1889 as chief accountant for the merchant firm Ritchie Stewart &amp; Co., (later Forbes Forbes Campbell &amp; Co. (Private) Limited). In 1893, he began his practice and was the first British chartered accountant to do so in this part of the world. P. G. Irvine, previously an assistant, became a partner in 1898 and the name of the firm was changed to Ferguson &amp; Irvine.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=About A. F. Ferguson &amp; Co. |url=https://www.affco.com.pk/ |access-date=16 May 2025 |publisher=A. F. Ferguson &amp; Co.}}&lt;/ref&gt; In 1902, owing to the ill-health of Irvine, the partnership was dissolved and the firm became A. F. Ferguson &amp; Co., with A. F. Ferguson and W. Turner Green as partners. The firm prospered in Bombay and the Karachi office was opened on 20 March 1908. The Lahore office opened in 1926.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Firm History |url=https://www.pwc.com.pk/en/about-us/firm-history.html |access-date=16 May 2025 |publisher=PwC Pakistan}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> After the [[partition of India]], the Pakistani practice was split off from the firm in 1952. The Pakistani section took over the Karachi and Lahore branches. The Indian branch continued to practice in India under the same name.<br /> <br /> In 2012, [[Omar Zakhilwal]], then-finance minister of Afghanistan, accused A.F. Ferguson &amp; Co. of massive fraud involving approximately $900 million.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/asia/pwc-accused-over-900m-afghan-bank-scandal-7737829.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120512082239/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/asia/pwc-accused-over-900m-afghan-bank-scandal-7737829.html |archive-date=12 May 2012 |url-access=limited |url-status=live|title=PwC accused over $900m Afghan bank scandal|date=11 May 2012|accessdate=19 October 2021|newspaper=Independent}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Successor firms==<br /> ===Pakistan===<br /> The present company situated in Pakistan is the main successor of the previous A. F. Ferguson &amp; Co. in British India. It is the oldest and one of the largest professional accounting firms in Pakistan. A.F. Ferguson &amp; Co. operates under [[PricewaterhouseCoopers]] and is also known internationally as PricewaterhouseCoopers Pakistan (PwC Pakistan). This firm also has an office in [[Kabul]], Afghanistan.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://customstoday.com/a-f-ferguson-may-face-criminal-charges-in-maersk-sales-tax-mega-scandal/|title=A.F. Ferguson may face criminal charges in Maersk sales tax mega scandal|author=Asad Kharal|date=8 November 2018|accessdate=19 October 2021|newspaper=Customs Today}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ===United Kingdom===<br /> [[File:Ferguson Maidment &amp; Co. Logo.png|thumb|Logo of Ferguson Maidment &amp; Co.]]<br /> {{Unreferenced section|date=October 2021}}<br /> <br /> In 1912, Alexander Fletcher Ferguson left India and opened a branch in London.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last=Financial Times |date=1 December 2023 |title=Adani switches UK auditor to firm with four partners |url=https://www.ft.com/content/34be1253-dbab-4073-8d50-250c4c923ac7 |access-date=16 May 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt; The London office adopted the name Ferguson, Gilchrist &amp; Co in 1925. This branch was known as Ferguson, Rowland &amp; Davis from 1954. In 1981, the firm merged with Maidment &amp; Co and its name was changed to Ferguson Maidment &amp; Co.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=About |url=https://www.ferguson-maidment.co.uk/about/ |access-date=16 May 2025 |publisher=Ferguson Maidment &amp; Co.}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ===India===<br /> A.F. Ferguson &amp; Co., which was the oldest accounting firm in India, joined [[Deloitte]] in 2004.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Its Official: Ferguson To Merge With Deloitte |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/archive/its-official-ferguson-to-merge-with-deloitte/113082/ |accessdate=7 November 2019 |work=The Financial Express |date=17 August 2004}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mukund Dharmadhikari, senior partner of the firm, became joint managing partner of Deloitte Haskins &amp; Sells India.<br /> <br /> ===Bangladesh===<br /> [[File:Hoda Vasi Chowdhury &amp; Co. Logo.png|thumb|Logo of Hoda Vasi Chowdhury &amp; Co.]]<br /> <br /> In 1963, a new office was opened in [[Dhaka]], capital of [[East Pakistan]]. After the [[independence of Bangladesh]], this branch was split and renamed Hoda Vasi Chowdhury &amp; Co.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.icab.org.bd/webNewsEventNoticeCir/view/430358|title=21st death anniversary of late Kazi Kamrul Hoda, FCA|date=28 January 2019|accessdate=19 October 2021|website=icab.org.bd}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> * {{official website|affco.com.pk}}<br /> * [http://www.ferguson-maidment.co.uk/ Official website of Ferguson Maidment &amp; Co.]<br /> * [http://www.hodavasi.com/ Official website of Hoda Vasi Chowdhury &amp; Co.]<br /> <br /> {{Authority control}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Financial services companies of India]]<br /> [[Category:Accounting firms of the United Kingdom]]<br /> [[Category:Financial services companies of Pakistan]]<br /> [[Category:Financial services companies of Bangladesh]]<br /> [[Category:Accounting firms]]<br /> [[Category:Financial services companies of Afghanistan]]<br /> [[Category:Pakistani subsidiaries of foreign companies]]<br /> [[Category:Indian companies established in 1893]]<br /> [[Category:1893 establishments in British India]]<br /> [[Category:Financial services companies established in 1893]]</div>

Vinay https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lachhuar_Jain_temple&diff=511495 2025-01-26T17:26:38Z

<p>Vinay: Adding basic place added tags</p> <hr /> <div>{{short description|Jain temple in the state of Bihar}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=January 2022}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=January 2022}}<br /> {{Infobox religious building<br /> | religious_affiliation = [[Jainism]] <br /> | sect = [[Śvētāmbara]]<br /> | image = File:Lachhuar Jain Temple.jpg<br /> | alt = Lachhuar Jain temple<br /> | caption = Lachhuar Jain temple<br /> | native_name = <br /> | native_name_lang = <br /> | map_type = <br /> | map_alt = <br /> | map_size = 300<br /> | map_caption = Location within Bihar<br /> | coordinates = {{coord|24|54|52.34|N|86|0|52|E|region:IN|display=inline,title}}<br /> | location = Lachhuar village, [[Jamui district|Jamui]], [[Bihar]]<br /> | festivals = [[Mahavir Janma Kalyanak]]<br /> | deity = [[Mahavira]]<br /> | governing_body = [[Anandji Kalyanji Trust]]<br /> | materials = <br /> | temple_quantity = 2<br /> | architecture_style = <br /> | creator = Raja Dhanpat Singh Bahadur<br /> | established = 1857<br /> }}'''Lachhuar Jain temple''' is a [[Jain]] [[Jain temple|temple]]s located in Lachhuar village near [[Jamui district|Jamui]], [[Bihar]]. Lachhuar is one of the most important Jain pilgrimages in Bihar.<br /> <br /> == Description ==<br /> This temple is part of Jain circuit of Bihar and is a popular Jain pilgrimage.{{sfn|biharbhawan|p=6}}{{sfn|Jain|1991|p=35}}{{sfn|Kumar|2013}} This temple also temporarily housed the ancient 2,600 years idol of Mahavira from temple in <br /> {{sfn|Chaudhary|2015}} The temple also has a [[Dharamshala (type of building)|dharamshala]] equipped with all modern facilities and [[bhojnalaya]].{{sfn|BSTDC}}{{sfn|District Administration}}<br /> == History ==<br /> [[File:Bhagwan Mahaveer.jpg|''[[Murti]]'' of Mahavira at his birthplace, Kshatriyakund ([[Śvetāmbara|Shvetambara]] tradition), in [[Bihar]]|thumb|250px|right]]<br /> <br /> According to [[Śvētāmbara]] tradition, Lachhuar a doorway to Kshatriyakund which is believed to be the birthplace of [[Mahavira]].{{sfn|Jain|1991|p=35}}{{sfn|Ministry of Tourism}} To commemorate his birthplace a large temple along with a [[Dharamshala (type of building)|dharamshala]] was constructed by Raja Dhanpat Singh Bahadur in 1857.{{sfn|biharbhawan|p=6}}<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> ===Citation===<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> ===Sources===<br /> * {{cite book |last=Jain |first=Kailash Chand |title=Lord Mahāvīra and His Times |url={{Google books|8-TxcO9dfrcC|plainurl=yes}} |date=1991 |publisher=[[Motilal Banarsidass]] |isbn=978-81-208-0805-8 }}<br /> * {{cite web | url=https://www.biharbhawan.gov.in/Docs/Tourism/Jain%20Circut.pdf | title=Jain circuit | publisher=Bihar Bhawan | location=[[New Delhi]] | access-date=26 January 2022 | ref={{sfnref|biharbhawan}} }}<br /> * {{cite web | url=https://tourism.gov.in/sites/default/files/2020-04/Bihar.pdf | title=Bihar | publisher=[[Ministry of Tourism (India)|Ministry of Tourism]] | access-date=29 April 2022 | ref={{sfnref|Ministry of Tourism}} }}<br /> * {{cite web | author=BSTDC | url=https://tourism.bihar.gov.in/en/destinations/jamui/jain-temple-lachuar | title=Jain Temple, Lachuar | publisher=[[Bihar State Tourism Development Corporation]] | access-date=29 April 2022 }}<br /> * {{cite web | url=https://jamui.nic.in/places-of-interest | title=Places of Interest | publisher=District Administration | access-date=29 April 2022 | ref={{sfnref|District Administration}} }}<br /> * {{cite news | last=Chaudhary | first=Pranav | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/jain-community-urges-cm-togive-facelift-to-lachhuar-temple/articleshow/50182297.cms | title=Jain community urges CM togive facelift to Lachhuar temple | date=14 December 2015 }} <br /> * {{cite news | last=Kumar | first=Madan | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/pictorial-book-on-jain-pilgrimages/articleshow/20008134.cms | title=Pictorial book on Jain pilgrimages | date=12 May 2013 }}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> {{commons category-inline|Lachhuar Jain temple}}<br /> <br /> {{Jain temples}}<br /> {{Jainism Topics}}<br /> {{Authority control}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Jain temples in Bihar]]<br /> [[Category:19th-century Jain temples]]<br /> <br /> <br /> {{India-religious-struct-stub}}<br /> {{Jainism-stub}}</div>

Vinay https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=President%27s_Cup_1997%E2%80%9398&diff=446400 2024-08-03T10:15:18Z

<p>Vinay: typo fix</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|International cricket tournament}}<br /> {{Infobox cricket tournament<br /> | name = President's Cup<br /> | image = <br /> | imagesize = <br /> | caption = <br /> | administrator = <br /> | cricket format = [[One Day International]]<br /> | tournament format = [[Round-robin tournament|Round robin]] and Final<br /> | host = {{cr|Kenya}}<br /> | champions = {{cr|ZIM}}<br /> | count =<br /> | participants = [[Bangladesh national cricket team|Bangladesh]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Kenya national cricket team|Kenya]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Zimbabwe national cricket team|Zimbabwe]]<br /> | matches = October 10 &amp;ndash; &lt;BR&gt;October 19, 1997<br /> | attendance = <br /> | player of the series = {{flagicon|Zimbabwe}} [[Andy Flower]]<br /> | most runs = [[Andy Flower]] (375) <br /> | most wickets = [[Paul Strang]] (11)<br /> }}<br /> <br /> The [[Kenya Cricket Association]] '''President's Cup''' was a three team [[One Day International|ODI]] cricket tournament that was held in Kenya during the 1997–98 season.<br /> <br /> ==Squads==<br /> {| <br /> |- bgcolor=&quot;#efefef&quot;<br /> ! Bangladesh {{flagicon|Bangladesh}}<br /> ! Kenya {{flagicon|Kenya}}<br /> ! Zimbabwe {{flagicon|Zimbabwe}}<br /> |- valign=&quot;top&quot;<br /> ||<br /> * [[Akram Khan (cricketer)|Akram Khan]] ([[Captain (cricket)|c]])<br /> * [[Aminul Islam (cricketer, born 1968)|Aminul Islam]]<br /> * [[Athar Ali Khan]]<br /> * [[Habibul Bashar]]<br /> * [[Hasibul Hossain]]<br /> * [[Jahangir Alam (cricketer, born 1973)|Jahangir Alam]] <br /> * [[Khaled Mashud]] ([[wicket-keeper|wk]])<br /> * [[Mafizur Rahman]] <br /> * [[Minhajul Abedin]]<br /> * [[Mohammad Rafique (cricketer)|Mohammad Rafique]]<br /> * [[Saiful Islam (cricketer, born 1969)|Saiful Islam]] <br /> * [[Sheikh Salahuddin (cricketer)|Salahuddin Ahmed]]<br /> * [[Shafiuddin Ahmed]]<br /> * [[Shahriar Hossain]]<br /> ||<br /> * [[Aasif Karim]] ([[Captain (cricket)|c]])<br /> * [[Rajab Ali]]<br /> * [[Joseph Angara]] <br /> * [[Dipak Chudasama]]<br /> * [[Hitesh Modi]]<br /> * [[Thomas Odoyo]]<br /> * [[Maurice Odumbe]]<br /> * [[Kennedy Otieno]] ([[wicket-keeper|wk]])<br /> * [[Mohammad Sheikh]]<br /> * [[Tony Suji]]<br /> * [[Martin Suji]]<br /> * [[Steve Tikolo]]<br /> * [[Alpesh Vadher]]<br /> ||<br /> * [[Alistair Campbell (cricketer)|Alistair Campbell]] ([[Captain (cricket)|c]])<br /> * [[Craig Evans (Zimbabwean sportsman)|Craig Evans]]<br /> * [[Andy Flower]] ([[wicket-keeper|wk]]) <br /> * [[Grant Flower]]<br /> * [[Adam Huckle]] <br /> * [[Everton Matambanadzo]]<br /> * [[Pommie Mbangwa]]<br /> * [[Gavin Rennie]] <br /> * [[Bryan Strang]] <br /> * [[Paul Strang]] <br /> * [[Andy Whittall]]<br /> * [[Guy Whittall]] <br /> * [[Craig Wishart]] <br /> |}<br /> {{col-begin}}<br /> {{col-break}}<br /> <br /> ==Schedule==<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> ! Date<br /> ! Match<br /> ! Venue<br /> |- <br /> ! colspan=&quot;3&quot; | October 97<br /> |-<br /> || 10 October|| 1st ODI || [[Nairobi Gymkhana Club|Gymkhana, Nairobi]]<br /> |-<br /> || 11 || 2nd ODI || [[Nairobi Gymkhana Club|Gymkhana, Nairobi]]<br /> |- <br /> || 12 || 3rd ODI || [[Nairobi Gymkhana Club|Gymkhana, Nairobi]]<br /> |-<br /> || 14 || 4th ODI || [[Aga Khan Sports Club Ground]], [[Nairobi]]<br /> |-<br /> || 15 || 5th ODI || [[Aga Khan Sports Club Ground]], [[Nairobi]]<br /> |- <br /> || 16 || 6th ODI || [[Aga Khan Sports Club Ground]], [[Nairobi]]<br /> |- <br /> || 18 || 1st Final || [[Nairobi Gymkhana Club|Gymkhana, Nairobi]]<br /> |- <br /> || 19 || 2nd Final || [[Nairobi Gymkhana Club|Gymkhana, Nairobi]]<br /> |- valign=&quot;top&quot;<br /> |}<br /> {{col-break}}<br /> <br /> ==Points table==<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> ! Place !! Team !! Played !! Won !! Lost !! Points !! NetRR<br /> |- align=&quot;center&quot; <br /> | 1 || align=&quot;left&quot; | {{cr|ZIM}} || 4 || 4 || 0 || '''8''' || 1.528<br /> |- align=&quot;center&quot; <br /> | 2 || align=&quot;left&quot; | {{cr|KEN}} || 4 || 2 || 2 || '''4''' || 1.334<br /> |- align=&quot;center&quot; <br /> | 3 || align=&quot;left&quot; | {{cr|BAN}} || 4 || 0 || 4 || '''0''' || -2.920<br /> |}<br /> {{col-end}}<br /> <br /> ==Group matches==<br /> <br /> ===1st match===<br /> {{Limited overs matches<br /> | date = 10 October 1997<br /> | time = <br /> | daynight = <br /> | team1 = {{cr-rt|KEN}}<br /> | team2 = {{cr|BAN}}<br /> | score1 = 347/3 (50 overs)<br /> | runs1 = [[Kennedy Otieno|KO Otieno]] 144 (146)<br /> | wickets1 = [[Hasibul Hossain]] 2/68 (10 overs)<br /> | score2 = 197 (43.4 overs)<br /> | runs2 = [[Athar Ali Khan]] 61 (84)<br /> | wickets2 = [[Aasif Karim|AY Karim]] 5/33 (10 overs)<br /> | result = Kenya won by 150 runs<br /> | report = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/president-s-cup-1997-98-61013/kenya-vs-bangladesh-1st-match-66116/full-scorecard Scorecard]<br /> | venue = [[Gymkhana Club Ground]], [[Nairobi]]<br /> | umpires = [[Rudi Koertzen|RE Koertzen]] (SA) and [[Saleem Badar]] (PAK)<br /> | motm = [[Kennedy Otieno|KO Otieno]] (KEN)<br /> | toss = Bangladesh won the toss and elected to field.<br /> | rain = <br /> | notes = [[Mohammad Sheikh|M Sheikh]] and [[Alpesh Vadher|AV Vadher]] (both KEN), and [[Jahangir Alam (cricketer, born 1973)|Jahangir Alam]] and [[Shahriar Hossain]] (both BAN) made their ODI debuts.<br /> }}<br /> <br /> ===2nd match===<br /> {{Limited overs matches<br /> | date = 11 October 1997<br /> | time = <br /> | daynight = <br /> | team1 = {{cr-rt|ZIM}}<br /> | team2 = {{cr|BAN}}<br /> | score1 = 305/4 (50 overs)<br /> | runs1 = [[Andy Flower|A Flower]] 81 (96)<br /> | wickets1 = [[Aminul Islam (cricketer, born 1968)|Aminul Islam]] 3/57 (10 overs)<br /> | score2 = 257 (47.1 overs)<br /> | runs2 = [[Habibul Bashar]] 70 (85)<br /> | wickets2 = [[Grant Flower|GW Flower]] 2/30 (7 overs)<br /> | result = Zimbabwe won by 48 runs<br /> | report = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/president-s-cup-1997-98-61013/bangladesh-vs-zimbabwe-2nd-match-66117/full-scorecard Scorecard]<br /> | venue = [[Gymkhana Club Ground]], [[Nairobi]]<br /> | umpires = [[Mervyn Kitchen|MJ Kitchen]] (ENG) and [[Rudi Koertzen|RE Koertzen]] (SA)<br /> | motm = [[Grant Flower|GW Flower]] (ZIM)<br /> | toss = Zimbabwe won the toss and elected to bat.<br /> | rain = <br /> | notes = [[Shafiuddin Ahmed]] (BAN) and [[Adam Huckle|AG Huckle]] (ZIM) made their ODI debuts.<br /> }}<br /> <br /> ===3rd match===<br /> {{Limited overs matches<br /> | date = 12 October 1997<br /> | time = <br /> | daynight = <br /> | team1 = {{cr-rt|KEN}}<br /> | team2 = {{cr|ZIM}}<br /> | score1 = 249/8 (50 overs)<br /> | runs1 = [[Kennedy Otieno|KO Otieno]] 87 (122)<br /> | wickets1 = [[Paul Strang|PA Strang]] 3/38 (10 overs)<br /> | score2 = 244/4 (46.3 overs)<br /> | runs2 = [[Guy Whittall|GJ Whittall]] 83 (105)<br /> | wickets2 = [[Martin Suji|MA Suji]] 1/28 (8 overs)<br /> | result = Zimbabwe won by 6 wickets (revised target)<br /> | report = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/president-s-cup-1997-98-61013/kenya-vs-zimbabwe-3rd-match-66118/full-scorecard Scorecard]<br /> | venue = [[Gymkhana Club Ground]], [[Nairobi]]<br /> | umpires = [[Mervyn Kitchen|MJ Kitchen]] (ENG) and [[Saleem Badar]] (PAK)<br /> | motm = [[Guy Whittall|GJ Whittall]] (ZIM)<br /> | toss = Kenya won the toss and elected to bat.<br /> | rain = Zimbabwe's target was revised to 244 runs in 47 overs.<br /> | notes = <br /> }}<br /> <br /> ===4th match===<br /> {{Limited overs matches<br /> | date = 14 October 1997<br /> | time = <br /> | daynight = <br /> | team1 = {{cr-rt|ZIM}}<br /> | team2 = {{cr|BAN}}<br /> | score1 = 284 (50 overs)<br /> | runs1 = [[Andy Flower|A Flower]] 70 (72)<br /> | wickets1 = [[Shafiuddin Ahmed]] 3/42 (10 overs)<br /> | score2 = 92 (32.3 overs)<br /> | runs2 = [[Minhajul Abedin]] 18 (43)<br /> | wickets2 = [[Bryan Strang|BC Strang]] 6/20 (10 overs)<br /> | result = Zimbabwe won by 192 runs<br /> | report = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/president-s-cup-1997-98-61013/bangladesh-vs-zimbabwe-4th-match-66119/full-scorecard Scorecard]<br /> | venue = [[Aga Khan Sports Club Ground]], [[Nairobi]]<br /> | umpires = [[Rudi Koertzen|RE Koertzen]] (SA) and [[Saleem Badar]] (PAK)<br /> | motm = [[Bryan Strang|BC Strang]] (ZIM)<br /> | toss = Zimbabwe won the toss and elected to bat.<br /> | rain = <br /> | notes = <br /> }}<br /> <br /> ===5th match===<br /> {{Limited overs matches<br /> | date = 15 October 1997<br /> | time = <br /> | daynight = <br /> | team1 = {{cr-rt|BAN}}<br /> | team2 = {{cr|KEN}}<br /> | score1 = 100 (41.2 overs)<br /> | runs1 = [[Shahriar Hossain]] 16 (47)&lt;br&gt;[[Mafizur Rahman]] 16 (47)<br /> | wickets1 = [[Martin Suji|MA Suji]] 4/24 (10 overs)<br /> | score2 = 102/2 (17 overs)<br /> | runs2 = [[Kennedy Otieno|KO Otieno]] 42[[not out|*]] (53)&lt;br&gt;[[Alpesh Vadher|AV Vadher]] 42[[not out|*]] (50)<br /> | wickets2 = [[Hasibul Hossain]] 2/54 (6 overs)<br /> | result = Kenya won by 8 wickets<br /> | report = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/president-s-cup-1997-98-61013/kenya-vs-bangladesh-5th-match-66120/full-scorecard Scorecard]<br /> | venue = [[Aga Khan Sports Club Ground]], [[Nairobi]]<br /> | umpires = [[Mervyn Kitchen|MJ Kitchen]] (ENG) and [[Rudi Koertzen|RE Koertzen]] (SA)<br /> | motm = [[Martin Suji|MA Suji]] (KEN)<br /> | toss = Bangladesh won the toss and elected to bat.<br /> | rain = The match was reduced before play started to 46 overs per side.<br /> | notes = <br /> }}<br /> <br /> ===6th match===<br /> {{Limited overs matches<br /> | date = 16 October 1997<br /> | time = <br /> | daynight = <br /> | team1 = {{cr-rt|KEN}}<br /> | team2 = {{cr|ZIM}}<br /> | score1 = 207/9 (50 overs)<br /> | runs1 = [[Tony Suji|AO Suji]] 67 (76)<br /> | wickets1 = [[Guy Whittall|GJ Whittall]] 3/43 (10 overs)<br /> | score2 = 210/3 (41.2 overs)<br /> | runs2 = [[Grant Flower|GW Flower]] 71 (85)<br /> | wickets2 = [[Steve Tikolo|SO Tikolo]] 1/29 (4.2 overs)<br /> | result = Zimbabwe won by 7 wickets<br /> | report = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/president-s-cup-1997-98-61013/kenya-vs-zimbabwe-6th-match-66121/full-scorecard Scorecard]<br /> | venue = [[Aga Khan Sports Club Ground]], [[Nairobi]]<br /> | umpires = [[Rudi Koertzen|RE Koertzen]] (SA) and [[Saleem Badar]] (PAK)<br /> | motm = [[Andy Flower|A Flower]] (ZIM)<br /> | toss = Zimbabwe won the toss and elected to field.<br /> | rain = <br /> | notes = <br /> }}<br /> <br /> ==Finals==<br /> ===1st Final===<br /> {{Limited Overs Matches<br /> | date = 18 October 1997<br /> | time = <br /> | daynight = <br /> | team1 = {{cr-rt|ZIM}}<br /> | team2 = {{cr|KEN}}<br /> | score1 = 281/8 (50 overs)<br /> | runs1 = [[Andy Flower|A Flower]] 79 (90)<br /> | wickets1 = [[Steve Tikolo|SO Tikolo]] 3/41 (10 overs)<br /> | score2 = 172/7 (40 overs)<br /> | runs2 = [[Maurice Odumbe|MO Odumbe]] 67 (70)<br /> | wickets2 = [[Grant Flower|GW Flower]] 2/6 (2 overs)<br /> | result = Zimbabwe won by 82 runs (revised target)<br /> | report = [http://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Scorecards/64/64705.html Scorecard]<br /> | venue = [[Gymkhana Club Ground]], [[Nairobi]]<br /> | umpires = [[Mervyn Kitchen|MJ Kitchen]] (ENG) and [[Rudi Koertzen|RE Koertzen]] (SA)<br /> | motm = [[Andy Flower|A Flower]] (ZIM)<br /> | toss = Zimbabwe won the toss and elected to bat.<br /> | rain = When rain washed out the Kenya innings after 40 overs, they needed 255 runs to have won.<br /> | notes = <br /> }}<br /> <br /> ===2nd Final===<br /> {{Limited Overs Matches<br /> | date = 19 October 1997<br /> | time = <br /> | daynight = <br /> | team1 = {{cr-rt|ZIM}}<br /> | team2 = {{cr|KEN}}<br /> | score1 = 272/6 (49 overs)<br /> | runs1 = [[Grant Flower|GW Flower]] 78 (90)<br /> | wickets1 = [[Maurice Odumbe|MO Odumbe]] 1/26 (6 overs)<br /> | score2 = 190 (46.1 overs)<br /> | runs2 = [[Hitesh Modi|HS Modi]] 57 (102)<br /> | wickets2 = [[Andy Whittall|AR Whittall]] 3/23 (10 overs)<br /> | result = Zimbabwe won by 82 runs<br /> | report = [http://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Scorecards/64/64713.html Scorecard]<br /> | venue = [[Gymkhana Club Ground]], [[Nairobi]]<br /> | umpires = [[Rudi Koertzen|RE Koertzen]] (SA) and [[Saleem Badar]] (PAK)<br /> | motm = [[Andy Whittall|AR Whittall]] (ZIM)<br /> | toss = Zimbabwe won the toss and elected to bat.<br /> | rain = Rain interrupted the Zimbabwe innings after 41 overs. The match then was reduced to 49 overs per side.<br /> | notes = [[Joseph Angara|JO Angara]] (KEN) made his ODI debut.<br /> }}<br /> <br /> The finals took place between [[Zimbabwe national cricket team|Zimbabwe]], who were unbeaten throughout the qualifying games, and [[Kenya national cricket team|Kenya]]. The series was a best of three games and Zimbabwe lifted the trophy after winning the first two finals. It was Zimbabwe's first silverware since receiving Test status in 1992.<br /> <br /> In the first final, [[Alistair Campbell (cricketer)|Alistair Campbell]] won the toss and sent Kenya into field. Openers Grant and [[Andy Flower]] put on 154 for the first wicket to help Zimbabwe to 281 for 8 from their 50 overs. Campbell chipped in with a half century and for Kenya Steve Tikolo took 3/41. Kenya could only manage 172 in reply despite 67 from [[Maurice Odumbe]] in the middle order. Guy Whittall and Grant Flower took a couple of wickets each.<br /> <br /> Campbell won the toss in the second final and again decided to bat first. This time it was the 3rd wicket partnership that set up the Zimbabwean innings, with [[Grant Flower]] and [[Gavin Rennie]] putting on 150 runs. Both scored 70s and Zimbabwe finished with 6 for 272. Kenya lost their first 3 wickets to Man of the Match [[Andy Whittall]] and were never in the hunt. At one stage they were at 7/71 but [[Aasif Karim]] scored his maiden ODI half century and put on a 100 run partnership with [[Hitesh Modi]] who also scored a 50. Kenya were eventually dismissed for 190 with [[Paul Strang]] joining Whittall on 3 wickets.<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> *[https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Seasons/KENYA/1997-98_KENYA_Kenya_Cricket_Association_Presidents_Cup_1997-98.html Cricket Archive] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121016185638/http://www.cricketarchive.com/Archive/Seasons/KENYA/1997-98_KENYA_Kenya_Cricket_Association_Presidents_Cup_1997-98.html |date=2012-10-16 }}<br /> <br /> {{International cricket tours of Kenya}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:President's Cup 1997-98}}<br /> [[Category:International cricket competitions from 1997–98 to 2000]]<br /> [[Category:Kenyan cricket seasons to 1999–2000]]<br /> [[Category:Sport in Nairobi]]<br /> [[Category:1998 in Kenyan cricket]]<br /> [[Category:International cricket competitions in Kenya]]<br /> [[Category:1997 in Kenyan cricket]]</div>

Vinay