Bharatpedia - User contributions [en]

West Bengal University of Health Sciences

2026-05-08T11:44:13Z

Vilianawge: basic correct lead for consistency also and improved wording

{{short description|Public medical university in West Bengal, India}}
{{more citations needed|date=December 2012}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2025}}
{{Infobox university
| name = West Bengal University of Health Sciences
| image = West Bengal University of Health Sciences Logo.svg
| image_upright = .8
| motto = ''Diligence leads to Excellence''
| established = {{start date and age|df=y|2003|01|01}}
| budget = {{INRConvert|145.12|c|1|lk=on}} (2026{{ndash}}27)<ref>{{cite web|date=12 February 2025 |title=Detailed Demands For Grants For 2025-26 |url=https://finance.wb.gov.in/writereaddata/Budget_Publication/2025_bp16.pdf |access-date=12 February 2025}}</ref>
| chancellor = [[Governor of West Bengal]]
| vice_chancellor = Dr. Mukul Bhattacharya<ref>{{Cite news |last=Yengkhom |first=Sumati |date=25 February 2025 |title=WBUHS gets new VC |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/wbuhs-gets-new-vc-after-a-yr-and-7-mnths/articleshowprint/118563084.cms |access-date=25 February 2025 |work=[[The Times of India]] Feb 25, 2025, 09.38 PM IST}}</ref>
| city = [[Kolkata]]
| state = [[West Bengal]]
| country = India
| coordinates = {{coord|22.5916558|N|88.4123247|E|format=dms|region:IN-WB_type:edu|display=title,inline}}
| type = [[Public university|Public]] [[Medical University]]
| campus = DD-36, Salt Lake, Sector-1, Kolkata-700064
| academic_affiliations = {{hlist|[[University Grants Commission (India)|UGC]]|[[Association of Indian Universities|AIU]]}}
| free_label = Journal
| free = ''Journal of the West Bengal University of Health Sciences''<ref>{{Cite web |date=1 January 2020 |title=Journal of the West Bengal University of Health Sciences |url=https://jwbuhs.in/ |access-date=1 January 2020 |website=jwbuhs.in/ |issn=2583-5998 |oclc=1417775636}}</ref>
| website = {{official URL}}
| logo = West Bengal University of Health Sciences logo(2).svg
|}}

'''West Bengal University of Health Sciences''' ('''WBUHS''') is a [[Public university|Public]] [[medical university]] in [[Kolkata]], [[West Bengal]], [[India]]. It was established in 2003 by an Act of the [[West Bengal Legislative Assembly]] for better management of the health and medical education-related courses.<ref name=act>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiacode.nic.in/bitstream/123456789/14620/1/2002-13.pdf|title=Act of the West Bengal University of Health Sciences (WBUHS)|website=www.indiacode.nic.in|access-date=23 June 2021}}</ref> The main objective behind the establishment of the university was to raise the level of medical education across the state of West Bengal. Universities main mission was to affiliate, teach, and ensure systematic instruction, training, and research in various health sciences, including [[Medicine#Modern|Modern Medicine]], [[Homeopathy|Homoeopathy]], [[Ayurveda]], [[Unani medicine|Unani]], [[Nursing]], [[Pharmacy]], [[Dental degree|Dental]], and [[Paramedic]]al courses. It oversees undergraduate, postgraduate, and post-doctoral programs across these disciplines in West Bengal.

==History==
Before the establishment of the West Bengal University of Health Sciences (WBUHS), undergraduate and postgraduate level medical teaching in different state medical colleges of West Bengal was supervised by various state universities. This caused a huge disparity between different state medical colleges of West Bengal in terms of teaching and learning process, nature and standards of the evaluation, and most significantly; the recognition of the graduates from the different universities. So all the stakeholders of medical education in the state felt the need for bringing parity in the medical education system.<ref name=hist>{{cite web|url=https://wbuhs.ac.in/know-your-university/history/|title=History of the West Bengal University of Health Sciences (WBUHS)|website=www.wbuhs.ac.in|access-date=23 June 2021}}</ref>

Under these compelling circumstances, the West Bengal University of Health Sciences (WBUHS) was established under an Act of the [[West Bengal]] legislature.<ref name=act/> Finally, it became active on 1 January 2003; which is considered as the date of birth for this embodiment of higher education in the fields of medical sciences in the state.<ref name=hist/>

==Organisation and administration==
===Governance===
The [[Governor of West Bengal]] is the Chancellor of the WBUHS serving ex-officio, presides over convocations, issues directions, calls for information, and can inspect or inquire into university affairs, with powers to suspend or modify resolutions and disqualify members. The Vice-Chancellor of the West Bengal University of Health Sciences is the chief executive officer of the university, exercises Executive Council powers for management, ensures compliance with the Act and regulations, convenes meetings, and represents the university legally.

The governance structure of WBUHS is robust, balancing centralized control through state-level councils and decentralized management via local committees. This framework supports its mission to enhance health sciences education, with clear roles for policy-making, academic oversight, and financial management, ensuring accountability and efficiency.

===Affiliations===
The West Bengal University of Health Science is an affiliating university and has jurisdiction over all the medical, AYUSH, paramedical & allied health sciences, dental, nursing & pharmacy colleges of the entire state of West Bengal.Though some private med schools running under private university affiliation still it has 124 affiliated institutions under its umbrella as of now.{{When|date=January 2024}}<ref>{{cite web|title=Affiliated institutions|url=https://wbuhs.ac.in/affiliated-institutions/|access-date=23 January 2019|date=12 November 2018}}</ref>
{{Main|Category:Affiliates of West Bengal University of Health Sciences}}

==Ranking and reputation==
In September 2017, West Bengal University of Health Sciences was recognized by the [[University Grants Commission (India)|UGC]], under section 12-B of the UGC Act, 1956.<ref>{{Cite web|title=University Grants Commission (India) Section 2(F) and Section 12(B) status for WBUHS|url=https://wbuhs.ac.in/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/UGC_2f_12b.pdf|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210411104654/https://wbuhs.ac.in/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/UGC_2f_12b.pdf|archive-date=11 April 2021|access-date=22 June 2021|website=[[University Grants Commission (India)]]}}</ref>

WBUHS focusing research in [[biological sciences]], [[chemistry]], and [[health sciences]], university appears in the [[Nature Index]], which tracks high-quality scientific articles. WBUHS ranks 185 in India overall, with varying positions in subject areas like in biological sciences 53rd and in health sciences 48th.<ref>{{Cite web |date=28 Feb 2025 |title=Nature Index: WBUHS Institution Outputs |url=https://www.nature.com/nature-index/institution-outputs/india/west-bengal-university-of-health-sciences-wbuhs/5139074f34d6b65e6a002400 |access-date=28 Feb 2025 |website=[[Nature Index]]}}</ref>
:::{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+
| colspan="6" style="background:#27445C; color: white;" | '''Nature Index Rankings in India'''
|-
! Ranking
!2026
!2025
|-
| [[Biological sciences]]
| '''54'''
| '''53'''
|-
| [[Health sciences]]
| '''61'''
| '''48'''
|}

== Affiliated Institutions and Network ==
===Affiliated Pharmacy Colleges===
{|class="wikitable sortable"
! S.No
! College Name !! Location !! District !! Establishment Year !! No. Of Seats([[B.Pharm]])<ref>{{Cite web|title=Degree U/S 12 |url=https://www.pci.nic.in/approved_degree_institutes_us__12.html | access-date=2 October 2024 |website=pci.nic.in}}</ref> !! Stream
|-
|1
| [[Haldia Institute of Pharmacy]] || [[Haldia]] || [[Purba Medinipur]] || 2018 || 100 || [[Pharmacy]]
|-
|2
| Institute of Pharmacy, Jalpaiguri || [[Jalpaiguri]] || Jalpaiguri|| 2003(since B.Pharm. started offering)|| 60 || [[Pharmacy]]
|-
|}

===Affiliated private medical colleges===
{|class="wikitable sortable"
! S.No
! College name !! Location !! District !! Established year !! No. of Seats (MBBS)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Information Desk For Students to Study in India |url=https://www.mciindia.org/CMS/information-desk/for-students-to-study-in-india/list-of-college-teaching-mbbs |access-date=31 January 2024 |website=mciindia.org |archive-date=2 November 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191102001435/https://www.mciindia.org/CMS/information-desk/for-students-to-study-in-india/list-of-college-teaching-mbbs |url-status=dead }}</ref> !! Stream
|-
|1
| [[KPC Medical College and Hospital]] || [[Jadavpur]] || [[Kolkata]] || 2006 || 150 || Allopathy
|-
|2
| [[ICARE Institute of Medical Sciences and Research]] || [[Haldia]] || [[Purba Medinipur]] || 2011 || 150 || Allopathy
|-
|3
| [[Shri Ramkrishna Institute of Medical Sciences and Sanaka Hospital]] || [[Durgapur]] || [[Paschim Bardhaman]] || 2015 || 200|| Allopathy
|-
|4
| [[Gouri Devi Institute of Medical Sciences and Hospital]] || [[Durgapur]] || [[Paschim Bardhaman]] || 2016 || 150|| Allopathy
|-
|5
| [[IQ City Medical College]] || [[Durgapur]] || [[Paschim Bardhaman]] || 2016 || 150|| Allopathy
|-
|6
| [[Jagannath Gupta Institute of Medical Sciences and Hospital]] || [[Budge Budge]] || [[South 24 Parganas]] || 2016 || 150|| Allopathy
|-
|7
| [[Santiniketan Medical College]] || [[Santiniketan]] || [[Birbhum]] || 2021 || 150|| Allopathy
|-
|8
| JMN Medical College and Hospital || [[Chakdaha]] || [[Nadia district|Nadia]] || 2023 || 150|| Allopathy
|-
|9
| Krishnanagar Institute of Medical Sciences || [[Krishnanagar, Nadia|Krishnanagar]] || [[Nadia district|Nadia]] || 2024 || 100|| Allopathy
|-
|10
| PKG Medical College and Hospital || [[New Town, Kolkata|New Town]] || [[North 24 Parganas]] || 2025 || 50 || Allopathy
|-
|11
| East West Institute of Medical Sciences and Research || [[Burdwan]] || [[Purba Bardhaman]] || 2024 || 50|| Allopathy
|-
|12
| Jakir Hossain Medical College and Research Institute || [[Jangipur, Murshidabad|Jangipur]] || [[Murshidabad]] || 2024 || 100|| Allopathy
|-
|13
| Jagannath Gupta Institute of Medical Sciences and Hospital || [[Sodepur]] || [[North 24 Parganas]] || 2025 || 100|| Allopathy
|-
|14
| Raniganj Institute of Medical Sciences || [[Raniganj]] || [[Paschim Bardhaman]] || 2025 || 100|| Allopathy
|-
|}

===Affiliated private medical colleges (Non-Profit)===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! S. No.
! College name !! Location !! District !! Established year !! No. of Seats (MBBS) !! Stream
|-
|1
|[[Vivekananda Institute of Medical Sciences, Kolkata|Vivekananda Institute of Medical Sciences]] || Lansdowne || [[Kolkata]] || 1963 || 44 (MD/MS) || Allopathy
|}

=== Government Medical Colleges (Allopathy)===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! S. No.
! College name !! Location !! District !! Established year !! No. of Seats (MBBS) !! Stream
|-
|1
| [[Medical College and Hospital, Kolkata|Medical College and Hospital]] || [[College Street (Kolkata)|College Street]] || [[Kolkata]] || 1835 || 250 || Allopathy
|-
|2
| [[Nil Ratan Sarkar Medical College and Hospital]] || [[Sealdah]] || [[Kolkata]] || 1873 || 250 || Allopathy
|-
|3
| [[R. G. Kar Medical College and Hospital]] || [[Shyambazar]] || [[Kolkata]] || 1886 || 250 || Allopathy
|-
|4
| [[Calcutta National Medical College]] || [[Beniapukur]] || [[Kolkata]] || 1948 || 250 || Allopathy
|-
|5
| [[Bankura Sammilani Medical College and Hospital]] || [[Bankura]] || [[Bankura]] || 1956 || 200 || Allopathy
|-
|6
| [[IPGMER and SSKM Hospital]] || [[Kolkata]] || [[Kolkata]] || 1957 || 200 || Allopathy
|-
|7
| [[North Bengal Medical College and Hospital]] || [[Siliguri]] || [[Darjeeling]] || 1968 || 200 || Allopathy
|-
|8
| [[Burdwan Medical College]] || [[Burdwan]] || [[Purba Bardhaman]] || 1969 || 200 || Allopathy
|-
|9
| [[Midnapore Medical College and Hospital]] || [[Midnapore]] || [[Paschim Medinipur]] || 2004 || 200 || Allopathy
|-
|10
| [[College of Medicine & JNM Hospital]] || [[Kalyani, West Bengal|Kalyani]] || [[Nadia]] || 2009 || 150 || Allopathy
|-
|11
| [[College of Medicine & Sagore Dutta Hospital]] || [[Kamarhati]] || [[North 24 Parganas]] || 2010 || 125 || Allopathy
|-
|12
| [[Malda Medical College and Hospital]] || [[Malda, West Bengal|Malda]] || [[Malda district|Malda]] || 2011 || 125 || Allopathy
|-
|13
| [[Murshidabad Medical College and Hospital]] || [[Berhampore]] || [[Murshidabad]] || 2012 || 125 || Allopathy
|-
|14
| [[ESIC Medical College, Kolkata|ESIC Medical College]] || [[Joka, Kolkata|Joka]] || [[Kolkata]] || 2013 || 125 || Allopathy
|-
|15
| [[Maharaja Jitendra Narayan Medical College and Hospital]] || [[Coochbehar]] || [[Cooch Behar district|Coochbehar]] || 2019 || 100 || Allopathy
|-
|16
| [[Diamond Harbour Government Medical College and Hospital]] || [[Diamond Harbour]] || [[South 24 Parganas]] || 2019 || 100 || Allopathy
|-
|17
| [[Raiganj Government Medical College and Hospital]] || [[Raiganj]] || [[Uttar Dinajpur]] || 2019 || 100 || Allopathy
|-
|18
| [[Rampurhat Government Medical College and Hospital]] || [[Rampurhat]] || [[Birbhum]] || 2019 || 100 || Allopathy
|-
|19
| [[Deben Mahata Government Medical College and Hospital]] || [[Purulia]] || [[Purulia district|Purulia]] || 2020 || 100 || Allopathy
|-
|20
| [[Barasat Government Medical College and Hospital]] || [[Barasat]] || [[North 24 Parganas]] || 2022 || 100 || Allopathy
|-
|21
| [[Jalpaiguri Government Medical College and Hospital]] || [[Jalpaiguri]] || [[Jalpaiguri district|Jalpaiguri]] || 2022 || 100 || Allopathy
|-
|22
| [[Jhargram Government Medical College and Hospital]] || [[Jhargram]] || [[Jhargram district|Jhargram]] || 2022 || 100 || Allopathy
|-
|23
| [[Prafulla Chandra Sen Government Medical College and Hospital]] || [[Arambagh]] || [[Hooghly district|Hooghly]] || 2022 || 100 || Allopathy
|-
|24
| [[Sarat Chandra Chattopadhyay Government Medical College and Hospital]] || [[Uluberia]] || [[Howrah]] || 2022 || 100 || Allopathy
|-
|25
| [[Tamralipto Government Medical College and Hospital]] || [[Tamluk]] || [[Purba Medinipur]] || 2022 || 100 || Allopathy
|-
|}

==See also==
* [[Education in West Bengal]]
* [[Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute]]
* [[List of colleges and universities in West Bengal]]
* [[List of pharmacy colleges in India]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{official website}}

{{Universities in West Bengal}}
{{Colleges affiliated to West Bengal University of Health Sciences}}
{{Education in India}}
{{authority control}}

[[Category:West Bengal University of Health Sciences| ]]
[[Category:Medical and health sciences universities in India]]
[[Category:Universities in Kolkata]]
[[Category:Medical colleges in West Bengal]]
[[Category:Universities and colleges established in 2003]]
[[Category:2003 establishments in West Bengal]]

1998–99 National Football League (India)

2026-04-27T15:53:57Z

Vilianawge:

{{Short description|3rd season of National Football League}}
{{Infobox football league season
| competition = [[National Football League (India)|National Football League]]
| season = 1998–99
| dates = {{nobreak|5 January – 22 March 1999}}
| winners = [[Salgaocar S.C.|Salgaocar]] 1st NFL title 1st [[List of Indian football champions|Indian title]]
| runners-up = [[Kingfisher East Bengal FC|Kingfisher East Bengal]]
| relegated = Air India Indian Bank
| continentalcup1 = [[2000–01 Asian Club Championship|Asian Club Championship]]
| continentalcup1 qualifiers = ''none''
| continentalcup2 =
| continentalcup2 qualifiers =
| continentalcup3 =
| continentalcup3 qualifiers =
| league topscorer = Philip Mensah (11 goals)<ref>{{cite web |title= From the History Book|url=https://www.the-aiff.com/news-center-details.htm?id=1965 |website=All India Football Federation |publisher=the-aiff.com |access-date=19 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140717033518/https://www.the-aiff.com/news-center-details.htm?id=1965 |archive-date=17 July 2014}}</ref>
| biggest home win =
| biggest away win =
| highest scoring =
| total goals =
| average goals =
| longest wins =
| longest unbeaten =
| longest losses =
| highest attendance =
| lowest attendance =
| average attendance =
| prevseason = [[1997–98 National Football League (India)|1997–98]]
| nextseason = [[1999–2000 National Football League (India)|1999–00]]
}}
The '''1998–99 National Football League''', also known as the '''Coca-Cola National Football League''' for sponsorship reasons, was the third season of [[National Football League (India)|National Football League]], the top Indian league for association football clubs, since its inception in 1996.

==Overview==
It was contested by 12 teams, and [[Salgaocar Sports Club|Salgaocar]] won the championship. [[East Bengal FC|East Bengal]] came second and [[Churchill Brothers Sports Club|Churchill Brothers]] came third.

==First stage==
{{Location map+|India |width=400|float=right|caption=Locations of teams in the 1998–99 National Football League [[File:Red pog.svg|8px]] Group A [[File:Yellow pog.svg|8px]] Group B|places={{Location map~ |India |lat=31.22000|long=75.77000 |label=[[JCT FC|JCT]]|position=right }}
{{Location map~ |India |lat=13.08389|long=80.27 |label=[[Indian Bank Recreational Club|Indian Bank]]|position=bottom|mark=Yellow pog.svg }}
{{Location map~ |India |lat=12.966667 |long=77.566667 |label=[[ITI Sports Club|ITI]]|position=left|mark=Yellow pog.svg }}
{{Location map~ |India |lat=9.93123|long=76.26730 |label=[[FC Kochin|Kochin]]|position=left|mark=Yellow pog.svg}}


{{Location map~ |India3 |lat=22.56972 |long=88.36972 |label= <div style="font-size:90%;">{{nobreak|Kolkata}}</div>|mark=Blue pog.svg|position=left}}

{{Location map~ |India3 |mark=TransparentPlaceholder.png |marksize=1 |lat=19.00 |long=86.00 |label=<div style="font-size:90%;">'''{{nobreak|[[Football in Kolkata|Kolkata]] clubs:}}''' 
{{nobreak|[[File:Yellow pog.svg|8px]] [[East Bengal FC|East Bengal]]}} 
{{nobreak|[[File:Red pog.svg|8px]] [[Mohun Bagan Super Giant|Mohun Bagan]]}} 
{{nobreak|[[File:Red pog.svg|8px]] [[Tollygunge Agragami FC|Tollygunge Agragami]]}} 
</div>
|position=right}}


{{Location map~ |India3 |lat=15.49300|long=73.81800 |label= <div style="font-size:90%;">{{nobreak|Goa}}</div>|mark=Blue pog.svg|position=left}}

{{Location map~ |India3 |mark=TransparentPlaceholder.png |marksize=1 |lat=10.00 |long=86.00 |label=<div style="font-size:90%;">'''{{nobreak|[[Goa]] clubs:}}''' 
{{nobreak|[[File:Red pog.svg|8px]] [[Churchill Brothers FC Goa|Churchill Brothers]]}} 
{{nobreak|[[File:Red pog.svg|8px]] [[Dempo SC|Dempo]]}} 
{{nobreak|[[File:Yellow pog.svg|8px]] [[Salgaocar FC|Salgaocar]]}} 
</div>
|position=right}}


{{Location map~ |India3 |lat=18.97500|long=72.82583 |label= <div style="font-size:90%;">{{nobreak|Mumbai}}</div>|mark=Blue pog.svg|position=left}}

{{Location map~ |India3 |mark=TransparentPlaceholder.png |marksize=1 |lat=14.00 |long=86.00 |label=<div style="font-size:90%;">'''{{nobreak|[[Mumbai]] clubs:}}''' 
{{nobreak|[[File:Red pog.svg|8px]] [[Air India FC|Air India]]}} 
{{nobreak|[[File:Yellow pog.svg|8px]] [[Mahindra United FC|Mahindra & Mahindra]]}} 
</div>
|position=right}}}}

===Group A===
{{#invoke:sports table|main|style=WDL
|res_col_header=Q
|sortable_table=y

|team1=MB |name_MB =[[Mohun Bagan]]|status_MB=Q
|team2=JCT|name_JCT=[[JCT FC|JCT]]|status_JCT=Q
|team3=CB |name_CB =[[Churchill Brothers Sports Club|Churchill Brothers]]|status_CB=Q
|team4=TA |name_TA =[[Tollygunge Agragami]]
|team5=DEM|name_DEM=[[Dempo Sports Club|Dempo]]
|team6=AI |name_AI =[[Air India FC|Air India]]

|win_MB =4|draw_MB =5|loss_MB =1|gf_MB =14|ga_MB =7
|win_JCT=4|draw_JCT=5|loss_JCT=1|gf_JCT=12|ga_JCT=8
|win_CB =3|draw_CB =5|loss_CB =2|gf_CB =15|ga_CB =10
|win_TA =3|draw_TA =5|loss_TA =2|gf_TA =9|ga_TA =8
|win_DEM=2|draw_DEM=3|loss_DEM=5|gf_DEM=6|ga_DEM=11
|win_AI =2|draw_AI =1|loss_AI =7|gf_AI =5|ga_AI =17|status_AI=R

|update=complete
|source=[https://www.rsssf.org/tablesi/india99.html rsssf.com]
}}

===Group B===
{{#invoke:sports table|main|style=WDL
|res_col_header=Q
|sortable_table=y

|team1=KEB|name_KEB=[[Kingfisher East Bengal FC|East Bengal]]|status_KEB=Q
|team2=KOC|name_KOC=[[FC Kochin|Kochin]]|status_KOC=Q
|team3=SAL|name_SAL=[[Salgaocar Sports Club|Salgaocar]]|status_SAL=Q
|team4=MAH|name_MAH=[[Mahindra United|Mahindra & Mahindra]]
|team5=ITI|name_ITI=[[ITI Sports Club|Indian Telephone Industries]]

|team6=IB |name_IB =[[Indian Bank Recreational Club]]
|win_KEB=8|draw_KEB=2|loss_KEB=0|gf_KEB=19|ga_KEB=2
|win_KOC=5|draw_KOC=2|loss_KOC=3|gf_KOC=19|ga_KOC=12
|win_SAL=4|draw_SAL=4|loss_SAL=2|gf_SAL=17|ga_SAL=8
|win_MAH=3|draw_MAH=1|loss_MAH=6|gf_MAH=13|ga_MAH=19
|win_ITI=2|draw_ITI=2|loss_ITI=6|gf_ITI=6|ga_ITI=19
|win_IB =2|draw_IB =1|loss_IB =7|gf_IB =11|ga_IB =25|status_IB=R
|update=complete|source=[https://www.rsssf.org/tablesi/india99.html rsssf.com]
}}

==Second stage==
{{#invoke:sports table|main|style=WDL
|res_col_header=Q
|show_limit=5
|sortable_table=y

|team1=SAL|name_SAL=[[Salgaocar Sports Club|Salgaocar]]|status_SAL=C
|team2=KEB|name_KEB=[[Kingfisher East Bengal FC|East Bengal]]
|team3=CB |name_CB =[[Churchill Brothers Sports Club|Churchill Brothers]]
|team4=MB |name_MB =[[Mohun Bagan]]
|team5=JCT|name_JCT=[[JCT FC|JCT]]
|team6=KOC|name_KOC=[[FC Kochin|Kochin]]
|win_SAL=7|draw_SAL=2|loss_SAL=1|gf_SAL=17|ga_SAL=6
|win_KEB=5|draw_KEB=4|loss_KEB=1|gf_KEB=14|ga_KEB=8
|win_CB =4|draw_CB =3|loss_CB =3|gf_CB =12|ga_CB =11
|win_MB =2|draw_MB =4|loss_MB =4|gf_MB =5|ga_MB =10
|win_JCT=1|draw_JCT=6|loss_JCT=3|gf_JCT=8|ga_JCT=9
|win_KOC=0|draw_KOC=3|loss_KOC=7|gf_KOC=3|ga_KOC=15
|update=complete|source=[https://www.rsssf.org/tablesi/india99.html rsssf.com]
}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* [https://www.rsssf.org/tablesi/india99.html Philips National League] at [[Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation]]

{{National Football League seasons (India)}}
{{I-League seasons}}
{{1998–99 in Indian football}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:1998-99 Indian National Football League}}
[[Category:National Football League (India) seasons]]
[[Category:1998–99 in Indian football]]
[[Category:1998–99 in Asian association football leagues|India]]

Marwah valley

2026-04-20T19:57:53Z

Vilianawge: started new stub!

{{Short description|Village in Jammu and Kashmir}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2023}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Marwah
| type = Valley/Sub-division
| image_skyline = Marwah Valley Kishtwar, Jammu.jpg
| image_caption = Marwah Valley
| image_map =
| map_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Jammu and Kashmir
| pushpin_label_position = center
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Jammu and Kashmir, India
| coordinates = {{coord|33.8168|N|75.9155|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = India
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and union territories of India|Union territory]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[Administrative divisions of India|Division]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Jammu Division|Jammu]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[Region]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[Chenab Valley]]
| subdivision_type4 = [[Districts of Jammu and Kashmir|District]]
| subdivision_name4 = [[Kishtwar district|Kishtwar]]
| demographics_type1 = Language
| demographics_name1 =
| demographics_title =
| demographics1_title1 = Spoken
| demographics1_info1 = [[Kashmiri language|Kashmiri]], [[Kishtwari]]
| demographics1_title2 = Official
| demographics1_info2 = [[Urdu]]
| area_total_km2 = 307.35
| population_demonym =
| population_total = 35572
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_density_km2 = auto
| postal_code_type = Pin Code
| postal_code = 182205
| registration_plate =
| blank_name_sec1 = [[District Development Council|DDC]]
| blank_info_sec1 = Sheikh Zafarullah<ref>{{Cite news|title=Merge Marwah sub division with China: DDC member|url=http://www.earlytimes.in/m/newsdet.aspx?q=316727|date=3 June 2021|publisher=Early Times|access-date=24 September 2022}}</ref>
}}
'''Marwah''' is a valley and [[Subdivision (India)|sub-division]] in the [[Kishtwar district]] of [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]] in India.<ref name="legal">{{Cite web |title=Departments|url=https://kishtwar.nic.in/departments//|publisher=[[Kishtwar district|District Administration Kishtwar]], [[Government of Jammu and Kashmir]]|access-date=24 September 2022}}</ref> Marwah is surrounded by the [[Warwan Valley|Warwan valley]] to the northwest, [[Ladakh]] and [[Zanskar]] to the east, [[Chatroo]] and [[Kishtwar]] to the south, and [[Anantnag district|Anantnag]] in the west. The area is drained by river [[Marusudar River|Marusudar]], which is the largest tributary of [[Chenab River|Chenab]].

The various tourist destinations of Marwah include [[Tatapani Marwah|Tatapani]], [[Kishtwar National Park]], [[Sarasnag]], [[Mudaksar|Hajan Park, Mudaksar]], [[Nun Kun]], Kandinag, Fariabad Yordu Doomail and Cricket Stadium Yordu.

==Demographics==

Marwah sub division consists of 4 tehsils and 27 villages, according to [[2011 Census of India|census 2011]].<ref name="Marwah-Population"/>

{| class="wikitable" style="width:750px; text-align:center;"
|+Name of Villages with Population in Marwah
|-
!S. No.
!Village
!Administrative Division
!Population
|-
!1
|Sonder
|Marwah
|3658
|-
!2
|Lopara
|Marwah
|3146
|-
!3
|Lohrna
|Marwah
|2994
|-
!4
|Chanjer
|Marwah
|2174
|-
!5
|Nopachi
|Marwah
| 2102
|-
!6
|Qaderna
|Marwah
|1961
|-
!7
|Yeerdu
|Marwah
|1705
|-
!8
|Rinaie
|Marwah
|1650
|-
!9
|Janak Pur
|Marwah
|1578
|-
!10
|Deharna
|Marwah
|1424
|-
!11
|Chicha Dachhan
|Marwah
|1389
|-
!12
|Pathgam
|Marwah
|1242
|-
!13
|Margi
|Marwah
|1207
|-
!14
|Busmina
|Marwah
|1041
|-
!15
|Inshan
|Marwah
|1031
|-
!16
|Aftee
|Marwah
|932
|-
!17
|Choye Draman
|Marwah
|920
|-
!18
|[[Mulwarwan]]
|Marwah
|850
|-
!19
|Tiller
|Marwah
|762
|-
!20
|Barayan
|Marwah
|761
|-
!21
|Gumri
|Marwah
|578
|-
!22
|Sukhnai
|Marwah
|508
|-
!23
|Hanzal
|Marwah
|472
|-
!24
|Mungli
|Marwah
|466
|-
!25
|Nowgam
|Marwah
|415
|-
!26
|Dharie
|Marwah
|362
|-
!27
|Rekenwas
|Marwah
|244
|-
|}

== Religion ==
The region has a Muslim majority population, with a significant Hindu minority.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Marwah Tehsil Population Kishtwar, Jammu & Kashmir, List of Villages & Towns in Marwah Tehsil |url=https://www.censusindia2011.com/jammu-kashmir/kishtwar/marwah-population.html |access-date=2022-03-07 |website=Censusindia2011.com |language=en-US}}</ref>{{Pie chart
|thumb = right
|caption = Religion in Marwah (2011)<ref name="Marwah-Population">{{cite web|url= https://www.censusindia2011.com/jammu-kashmir/kishtwar/marwah-population.html|title=Marwah Tehsil Population|work=Census India|accessdate=27 July 2021}}</ref>
|label1 = [[Islam]]
|value1 = 79.07
|color1 = Green
|label2=[[Hinduism]]|label3=[[Christianity]]|label4=Other / Unstated|color2=Orange|color3=Blue|color4=Grey|value2=20.76|value3=0.14|value4=0.03}}

==Language and culture==
The vast majority of the population speaks [[Kashmiri language|Kashmiri]].{{citation needed|date=June 2023}}
{{Pie chart
|thumb = right
| caption= Languages of Marwah (2011)<ref name="census2011-C16">{{cite report |title=C-16 Population By Mother Tongue – Jammu & Kashmir |url = https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-16/DDW-C16-STMT-MDDS-0100.XLSX |publisher = Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India |access-date=4 December 2021}}</ref>
|label1 = [[Kashmiri language|Kashmiri]] |value1 = 98.64|color1 = lightgreen
|label2 = [[Gujari language|Gojri]]|value2 = 0.57|color2= Tomato
|label4=[[Ladakhi language|Ladakhi]]|color5=Grey|value5=0.16|label3=[[Dogri language|Dogri]]|value4=0.30|color4=seagreen|value3=0.33|color3=Indigo|label5=Other}}

Culture is similar to that of Kashmir valley.{{citation needed|date=June 2023}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Villages in Kishtwar district]]
[[Category:Tehsils of Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)]]

Pungro–Kiphire Assembly constituency

2026-04-16T04:42:29Z

Vilianawge: starting first entry initial version

{{short description|Legislative Assembly constituency in Nagaland State, India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2021}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Pungro–Kiphire
| type= SLA
| state = [[Nagaland]]
| district = [[Kiphire district|Kiphire]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Nagaland (Lok Sabha constituency)|Nagaland]]
| established = 1974
| constituency_no = 60
| reservation = ST
| mla = S. Kiusumew Yimchunger
|party = {{Party index link|Naga People's Front}}
| alliance = {{Party index link|National Democratic Alliance}}
| latest_election_year = [[2023 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election|2023]]
| electors = {{formatnum:32463}}<ref name=election2023>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/14874-nagaland-general-legislative-election-2023/ |title=Nagaland General Legislative Election 2023 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |accessdate=20 April 2023}}</ref>{{update after|2028|5}}
}}
'''Pungro–Kiphire Assembly constituency''' is one of the 60 [[Nagaland Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]] constituencies of [[Nagaland]] state in [[India]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://legislativebodiesinindia.nic.in/States/nagaland/nagaland-w.htm |title=Nagaland Legislative Assembly |website=legislativebodiesinindia.nic.in |accessdate= 10 February 2021}}</ref>

It is part of [[Kiphire district]] and is reserved for candidates belonging to the [[Scheduled Tribes]].

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Year
!Member
!colspan="2"|Party
|-
| [[1974 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election|1974]] || T. Rothrong || {{Full party name with color|United Democratic Alliance (Nagaland)}}
|-
| [[1977 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election|1977]] || Kichingse || {{Full party name with color|Independent politician}}
|-
| [[1982 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election|1982]] || rowspan=3 | T. Rothrong || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=5}}
|-
| [[1987 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election|1987]]
|-
| [[1989 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election|1989]]
|-
| [[1993 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election|1993]] || rowspan=2 | R. L. Akamba
|-
| [[1998 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election|1998]]
|-
| [[2003 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election|2003]] || rowspan=4 | [[T. Torechu]] || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| [[2008 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election|2008]] || {{Full party name with color|Naga People's Front|rowspan=3}}
|-
| [[2013 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election|2013]]
|-
| [[2018 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election|2018]]
|-
| [[2020 Nagaland Legislative Assembly by-election|2020 by-election]] || [[T. Yangseo Sangtam]] || {{Full party name with color|Independent politician}}
|-
| [[2023 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election|2023]] || [[S. Kiusumew Yimchunger]]|| {{Full party name with color|Nationalist Democratic Progressive Party}}
|}

== Election results ==
=== 2023 Assembly election ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2023 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election]]: Pungro–Kiphire<ref>{{cite news |last1=The Indian Express |title=Nagaland Assembly Election results 2023: Check full list of winners |url=https://indianexpress.com/elections/nagaland-assembly-election-results-2023-winners-8473973/ |access-date=3 March 2023 |date=2 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230303042608/https://indianexpress.com/elections/nagaland-assembly-election-results-2023-winners-8473973/ |archive-date=3 March 2023 |language=en}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[S. Kiusumew Yimchunger]] |party=Nationalist Democratic Progressive Party |votes=16,098 |percentage=53.59% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=[[T. Yangseo Sangtam]]|party=Republican Party of India (Athawale)|votes=13,807|percentage=45.97%|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Nota|party=None of the above|votes=71|percentage=0.24%|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=T. Atsuba|party=Indian National Congress|votes=62|percentage=0.21%|change=-1.06%}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=2,291 |percentage=7.63% |change=2.05% }}
{{Election box turnout|votes=30,038|percentage=92.53%|change=0.08%}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 32,463 |change =9.67% }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Nationalist Democratic Progressive Party |loser=Independent politician |swing= 21.63% }}
{{Election box end}}
=== 2020 Assembly by-election ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2020 elections in India#Nagaland|2020 Nagaland Legislative Assembly by-election]]: Pungro–Kiphire}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[T. Yangseo Sangtam]] |party=Independent politician |votes=8,747 |percentage=31.96% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=[[S. Kiusumew Yimchunger]]|party=Independent politician|votes=7,220|percentage=26.38%|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Lirimong Sangtam|party=Bharatiya Janata Party|votes=5,664|percentage=20.70%|change=16.41%}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=K. Shellumthong Yimchunger|party=Independent politician|votes=5,388|percentage=19.69%|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Khaseo Anar|party=Indian National Congress|votes=347|percentage=1.27%|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=None of the Above|party=None of the above|votes=92|percentage=0.34%|change=}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=1,527 |percentage=5.58% |change=3.48% }}
{{Election box turnout|votes=27,366|percentage=91.26%|change=14.13%}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 29,601 |change =2.93% }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Independent politician |loser=Naga People's Front |swing= -3.80% }}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2018 Assembly election ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2018 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election]]: Pungro–Kiphire<ref name=election2018>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3652-nagaland-general-legislative-election-2018/?do=download&r=8575&confirm=1&t=1&csrfKey=0b619cd94134dd7b05162acdebe1ba9f|title=Nagaland General Legislative Election 2018 - Nagaland - Election Commission of India |website=eci.gov.in |date= |author= |accessdate= December 29, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://ceo.nagaland.gov.in/ElectionFiles/NLA/13th_General_Election_Report_NLA_2018.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220128161430/https://ceo.nagaland.gov.in/ElectionFiles/NLA/13th_General_Election_Report_NLA_2018.pdf |archive-date=28 January 2022 | title = Report on the General Election to the 13th Nagaland Legislative Assembly 2018 |website=Chief Electoral Officer, Nagaland}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[T. Torechu]] |party=Naga People's Front |votes=8,056 |percentage=35.77% |change=-21.50% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[T. Yangseo Sangtam]] |party=Janata Dal (United) |votes=7,583 |percentage=33.67% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=S. K. James |party=National People's Party (India) |votes=3,719 |percentage=16.51% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Lithriyem Dupongle |party=Nationalist Congress Party |votes=1,970 |percentage=8.75% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=T. Yankiu Yimchunger |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=965 |percentage=4.28% |change=2.50% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=None of the Above |party=None of the above |votes=230 |percentage=1.02% |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=473 |percentage=2.10% |change=-14.28% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=22,523 |percentage=78.32% |change= -14.66% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 28,757 |change =-3.66% }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Naga People's Front |loser=Naga People's Front |swing= -21.50% }}
{{Election box end}}
=== 2013 Assembly election ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2013 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election]]: Pungro–Kiphire<ref>{{Cite book |last=Alam |first=J. |url=https://ceo.nagaland.gov.in/ElectionFiles/NLA/12th_General_Election_Report_NLA_2013.pdf |title=Report on the General Election to the 12th Nagaland Legislative Assembly, 2013 |date=2013 |publisher=Chief Electoral Officer, Nagaland |location=Kohima |publication-date=2013 |pages=44 |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221125124535/https://ceo.nagaland.gov.in/ElectionFiles/NLA/12th_General_Election_Report_NLA_2013.pdf |archive-date=25 November 2022}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[T. Torechu]] |party=Naga People's Front |votes=15,894 |percentage=57.27% |change=7.29% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=R. Tsapikiu Sangtam|party=Indian National Congress|votes=11,349|percentage=40.89%|change=5.85%}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=J.M Makhe Yimchunger|party=Bharatiya Janata Party|votes=496|percentage=1.79%|change=-0.14%}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=4,545 |percentage=16.38% |change=1.44% }}
{{Election box turnout|votes=27,753|percentage=92.98%|change=-0.33%}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 29,848 |change =3.97% }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Naga People's Front |loser=Naga People's Front |swing= 7.29% }}
{{Election box end}}
=== 2008 Assembly election ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2008 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election]]: Pungro–Kiphire<ref>{{cite web |url=https://ceo.nagaland.gov.in/ElectionFiles/NLA/11th_General_Election_Report_NLA_2008.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220128170532/https://ceo.nagaland.gov.in/ElectionFiles/NLA/11th_General_Election_Report_NLA_2008.pdf |archive-date=28 January 2022 | title = Report on the General Election to the 11th Nagaland Legislative Assembly 2008 |website=Chief Electoral Officer, Nagaland}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[T. Torechu]] |party=Naga People's Front |votes=13,275 |percentage=49.98% |change=8.25% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=R. L. Akamba |party=Indian National Congress |votes=9,308 |percentage=35.04% |change=23.90% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=R. Tsapikiu Sangtam |party=Rashtriya Janata Dal |votes=3,691 |percentage=13.90% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Soly |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=513 |percentage=1.93% |change=-45.20% }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=3,967 |percentage=14.93% |change=9.53% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=26,562 |percentage=93.31% |change= -5.20% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 28,707 |change =27.39% }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Naga People's Front |loser=Bharatiya Janata Party |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}
=== 2003 Assembly election ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2003 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election]]: Pungro–Kiphire<ref>{{cite web |url=https://ceo.nagaland.gov.in/ElectionFiles/NLA/10th_General_Election_Report_NLA_2003.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220623083626/https://ceo.nagaland.gov.in/ElectionFiles/NLA/10th_General_Election_Report_NLA_2003.pdf |archive-date=23 June 2022 | title = Report on the General Election to the 10th Nagaland Legislative Assembly 2003 |website=Chief Electoral Officer, Nagaland}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[T. Torechu]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=10,246 |percentage=47.13% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Tsepikiu |party=Naga People's Front |votes=9,071 |percentage=41.72% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=R. L. Akamba |party=Indian National Congress |votes=2,423 |percentage=11.15% |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=1,175 |percentage=5.40% |change= }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=21,740 |percentage=98.51% |change= 98.51% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 22,534 |change =9.95% }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Bharatiya Janata Party |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}
=== 1998 Assembly election ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1998 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election]]: Pungro–Kiphire<ref>{{cite web |url=https://ceo.nagaland.gov.in/ElectionFiles/NLA/9th_General_Election_Report_NLA_1998.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220128160926/https://ceo.nagaland.gov.in/ElectionFiles/NLA/9th_General_Election_Report_NLA_1998.pdf |archive-date=28 January 2022 | title = Report on the General Election to the 9th Nagaland Legislative Assembly 1998 |website=Chief Electoral Officer, Nagaland}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate unopposed with party link| |candidate=R. L. Akamba |party=Indian National Congress |votes=Uncontested |percentage= |change=}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 20,495 |change =9.48% }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}
=== 1993 Assembly election ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1993 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election]]: Pungro–Kiphire}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=R. L. Akamba |party=Indian National Congress |votes=4,891 |percentage=29.12% |change=-9.47% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=R. Sapikiu |party=Naga People's Front |votes=4,686 |percentage=27.90% |change=4.88% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Yasangwu |party=Independent politician |votes=3,801 |percentage=22.63% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Roghrong |party=Independent politician |votes=3,416 |percentage=20.34% |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=205 |percentage=1.22% |change=1.01% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=16,794 |percentage=89.95% |change= -3.93% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 18,721 |change =80.84% }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= -9.47% }}
{{Election box end}}
=== 1989 Assembly election ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1989 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election]]: Pungro–Kiphire}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=T. Rothrong |party=Indian National Congress |votes=3,713 |percentage=38.59% |change=-13.32% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=T. Porechw |party=Independent politician |votes=3,693 |percentage=38.38% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Kipili |party=Naga People's Front |votes=2,215 |percentage=23.02% |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=20 |percentage=0.21% |change=-3.61% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=9,621 |percentage=93.89% |change= 1.29% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 10,352 |change =4.32% }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= -13.32% }}
{{Election box end}}
=== 1987 Assembly election ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1987 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election]]: Pungro–Kiphire}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=T. Rothrong |party=Indian National Congress |votes=4,732 |percentage=51.91% |change=17.78% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[T. Torechu]] |party=Naga National Democratic Party |votes=4,384 |percentage=48.09% |change=27.50% }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=348 |percentage=3.82% |change=0.87% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=9,116 |percentage=92.59% |change= 25.49% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 9,923 |change =-19.64% }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= 17.78% }}
{{Election box end}}
=== 1982 Assembly election ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1982 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election]]: Pungro–Kiphire}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=T. Rothrong |party=Indian National Congress |votes=2,770 |percentage=34.13% |change=7.56% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Torchu Yimchunger |party=Independent politician |votes=2,531 |percentage=31.18% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=S. L. Akali |party=Naga National Democratic Party |votes=1,671 |percentage=20.59% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=R. Thongthong |party=Independent politician |votes=1,145 |percentage=14.11% |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=239 |percentage=2.94% |change=1.60% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=8,117 |percentage=67.10% |change= -14.17% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 12,348 |change =69.31% }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Independent politician |swing= 6.21% }}
{{Election box end}}
=== 1977 Assembly election ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1977 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election]]: Pungro–Kiphire}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Kichingse |party=Independent politician |votes=1,620 |percentage=27.91% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=T. Rothrong |party=Indian National Congress |votes=1,542 |percentage=26.57% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Tsantsumong |party=United Democratic Alliance (Nagaland) |votes=1,497 |percentage=25.79% |change=-11.62% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=P. Cheusume |party=Independent politician |votes=1,145 |percentage=19.73% |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=78 |percentage=1.34% |change=-3.93% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=5,804 |percentage=81.27% |change= -0.78% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 7,293 |change =20.75% }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Independent politician |loser=United Democratic Alliance (Nagaland) |swing= -9.51% }}
{{Election box end}}
=== 1974 Assembly election ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1974 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election]]: Pungro–Kiphire}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=T. Rothrong |party=United Democratic Alliance (Nagaland) |votes=1,744 |percentage=37.42% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Kechingkam |party=Nagaland Nationalist Organisation |votes=1,498 |percentage=32.14% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=P. Cheusume |party=Independent politician |votes=1,419 |percentage=30.44% |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=246 |percentage=5.28% |change= }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=4,661 |percentage=82.05% |change= }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 6,040 |change = }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner=United Democratic Alliance (Nagaland) |loser= |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

== See also ==
* [[List of constituencies of the Nagaland Legislative Assembly]]
* [[Kiphire district]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Nagaland}}

{{coord|25.61|94.86|display=title}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Pungro-Kiphire Assembly constituency}}
[[Category:Kiphire district]]
[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Nagaland]]
[[Category:Politics of Nagaland]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1974]]
[[Category:1974 establishments in Nagaland]]

Kallambella Assembly constituency

2026-04-15T23:46:59Z

Vilianawge: Added Data.

{{Short description|Former Assembly constituency in Karnataka, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2022}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Kallambella
| type = SLA
| map_image =
| map_caption =
| map_alt =
| state = [[Karnataka]]
| district = [[Tumkur district|Tumkur]]
| division = [[Bangalore division|Bangalore]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Chitradurga Lok Sabha constituency|Chitradurga]]
| constituency_no =
| established = 1967
| reservation =
| abolished = 2008
| mla =
| party =
| alliance =
| latest_election_year =
| electors =
}}
'''Kallambella Assembly constituency''' was one of the constituencies in [[Karnataka]] state assembly in India until 2008 when it was made defunct. It was part of [[Chitradurga Lok Sabha constituency]].

==Members of the Legislative Assembly==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Election
! Member
! colspan=2|Party
|-
| bgcolor="#FFF58A" | [[1967 Mysore State Legislative Assembly election|1967]] || B. Ganganna || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
| bgcolor="#FFF58A" | [[1972 Mysore State Legislative Assembly election|1972]] || T. Taregowda
|-
| [[1978 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|1978]] || [[T. B. Jayachandra]] || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress (I)}}
|-
| [[1983 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|1983]] || B. Ganganna || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party|rowspan=3}}
|-
| [[1985 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|1985]] || B. L. Gowda
|-
| [[1986 elections in India#Karnataka|1986 By-election]] || B. Ganganna
|-
| [[1989 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|1989]] || rowspan="3" | [[T. B. Jayachandra]] || {{Full party name with color|Independent politician}}
|-
| [[1994 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|1994]] || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[1999 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|1999]]
|-
| [[2004 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|2004]] || K. S. Kiran Kumar || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|}

==Election results==
=== Assembly Election 2004 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[2004 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Kallambella <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 2004 to the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2004/StatisticalReports_KT_2004.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006204912/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2004/StatisticalReports_KT_2004.pdf|archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = K. S. Kiran Kumar |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 50,108 |percentage = 47.19% |change = {{increase}}6.90 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = [[T. B. Jayachandra]] |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 32,873 |percentage = 30.96% |change = {{decrease}}17.00 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = K. L. Mahadevappa |party = Janata Dal (Secular) |votes = 19,105 |percentage = 17.99% |change = {{increase}}11.64 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Jagadeesh. B. R |party = Janata Party |votes = 1,383 |percentage = 1.30% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Nagaraju. M |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,078 |percentage = 1.02% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Gangadharaiah. D. K |party = Urs Samyuktha Paksha |votes = 843 |percentage = 0.79% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Kalavathi Alias Shashikala |party = Kannada Nadu Party |votes = 799 |percentage = 0.75% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 17,235 |percentage = 16.23% |change = {{increase}}8.56 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 106,249 |percentage = 76.74% |change = {{increase}}0.36 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 106,189}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 138,461 |ref = |change = {{increase}}8.73 }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Bharatiya Janata Party |loser = Indian National Congress |swing = {{decrease}}0.77 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1999 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1999 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Kallambella <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1999 to the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1999/StatisticalReport-KT99.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006053217/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1999/StatisticalReport-KT99.pdf|archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[T. B. Jayachandra]] |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 44,480 |percentage = 47.96% |change = {{increase}}15.77 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = K. S. Kiran Kumar |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 37,365 |percentage = 40.29% |change = {{increase}}17.80 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = K. L. Mahadevappa |party = Janata Dal (Secular) |votes = 5,887 |percentage = 6.35% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = B. G. Gopalakrishna |party = Janata Dal (United) |votes = 3,538 |percentage = 3.81% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Muralidhara |party = Independent politician |votes = 915 |percentage = 0.99% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 7,115 |percentage = 7.67% |change = {{decrease}}1.93 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 97,268 |percentage = 76.38% |change = {{decrease}}0.14 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 92,748}}
{{Election box rejected |votes = 4,414 |percentage = 4.54% |change = {{increase}}2.82 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 127,349 |ref = |change = {{increase}}7.31 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |swing = {{increase}}15.77 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1994 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1994 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Kallambella <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1994 to the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1994/StatisticalReport-KT94.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006211324/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1994/StatisticalReport-KT94.pdf|archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[T. B. Jayachandra]] |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 28,729 |percentage = 32.19% |change = {{increase}}15.25 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = B. Ganganna |party = Janata Dal |votes = 20,158 |percentage = 22.59% |change = {{increase}}3.89 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = K. S. Kiran Kumar |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 20,070 |percentage = 22.49% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = S. Lingaiah |party = Karnataka Pradesh Congress Committee |votes = 16,812 |percentage = 18.84% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Dhananjayaradhya |party = Karnataka Rajya Raitha Sangha |votes = 1,862 |percentage = 2.09% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = N. G. Shivanna |party = Independent politician |votes = 914 |percentage = 1.02% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 8,571 |percentage = 9.60% |change = {{decrease}}21.93 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 90,814 |percentage = 76.52% |change = {{increase}}3.76 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 89,250}}
{{Election box rejected |votes = 1,564 |percentage = 1.72% |change = {{decrease}}5.69 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 118,679 |ref = |change = {{increase}}6.13 }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Indian National Congress |loser = Independent politician |swing = {{decrease}}18.04 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1989 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1989 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Kallambella <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1989 to the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1989/Statistical%20Report%20karnataka%201989.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101007070737/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1989/Statistical%20Report%20karnataka%201989.pdf|archive-date=7 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[T. B. Jayachandra]] |party = Independent politician |votes = 37,844 |percentage = 50.23% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = B. Ganganna |party = Janata Dal |votes = 14,089 |percentage = 18.70% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = K. Mallanna |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 12,763 |percentage = 16.94% |change = {{decrease}}11.75 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Jayaram |party = Janata Party |votes = 9,466 |percentage = 12.57% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = D. Ranganatha Gowda |party = Kranti Sabha |votes = 552 |percentage = 0.73% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 23,755 |percentage = 31.53% |change = {{increase}}15.42 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 81,366 |percentage = 72.76% |change = }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 75,336}}
{{Election box rejected |votes = 6,030 |percentage = 7.41% |change = }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 111,823 |ref = |change = }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Independent politician |loser = Janata Party |swing = {{increase}}5.43 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly By-election 1986 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1986 elections in India#Karnataka|1986 Karnataka Legislative Assembly by-election]] : Kallambella <ref>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/2511-details-of-bye-elections-from-1952-to-1995/ |title=Details of Bye Elections from 1952 to 1995 |access-date=21 December 2025 |website=old.eci.gov.in |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] }}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = B. Ganganna |party = Janata Party |votes = 28,814 |percentage = 44.80% |change = {{decrease}}10.40 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = S. Hanumanthaiah |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 18,452 |percentage = 28.69% |change = {{decrease}}9.99 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = S. Lingaiah |party = Independent politician |votes = 11,136 |percentage = 17.31% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = S. G. Ramalingaiah |party = Independent politician |votes = 3,415 |percentage = 5.31% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = B. M. Chandranna |party = Independent politician |votes = 941 |percentage = 1.46% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = K. Kantharaju |party = Independent politician |votes = 761 |percentage = 1.18% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 10,362 |percentage = 16.11% |change = {{decrease}}0.41 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 64,318}}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Janata Party |swing = {{decrease}}10.40 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1985 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1985 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Kallambella <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1985 to the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1985/Statistical%20Report%20Karnataka%201985.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006143216/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1985/Statistical%20Report%20Karnataka%201985.pdf |archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = B. L. Gowda |party = Janata Party |votes = 36,027 |percentage = 55.20% |change = {{increase}}1.38 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = S. Lingaiah |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 25,244 |percentage = 38.68% |change = {{decrease}}3.19 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = H. N. Bhasmangi Rudraiah |party = Lokdal |votes = 2,462 |percentage = 3.77% |change = {{increase}}0.13 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = G. Srinvasa Murthy |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 630 |percentage = 0.97% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 10,783 |percentage = 16.52% |change = {{increase}}4.57 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 66,326 |percentage = 72.58% |change = {{decrease}}0.59 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 65,272}}
{{Election box rejected |votes = 1,054 |percentage = 1.59% |change = {{decrease}}0.29 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 91,388 |ref = |change = {{increase}}14.03 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Janata Party |swing = {{increase}}1.38 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1983 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1983 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Kallambella <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1983 to the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1983/Statistical%20Report%201983%20karnatkaa.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101007124742/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1983/Statistical%20Report%201983%20karnatkaa.pdf |archive-date=7 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = B. Ganganna |party = Janata Party |votes = 30,969 |percentage = 53.82% |change = {{increase}}15.84 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = [[T. B. Jayachandra]] |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 24,094 |percentage = 41.87% |change = {{increase}}36.28 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Basappa. C. R |party = Lokdal |votes = 2,094 |percentage = 3.64% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Jayanna. S. K |party = Indian National Congress (Jagjivan) |votes = 385 |percentage = 0.67% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 6,875 |percentage = 11.95% |change = {{decrease}}3.01 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 58,643 |percentage = 73.17% |change = {{decrease}}1.52 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 57,542}}
{{Election box rejected |votes = 1,101 |percentage = 1.88% |change = {{decrease}}1.54 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 80,142 |ref = |change = {{increase}}10.70 }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Janata Party |loser = Indian National Congress (I) |swing = {{increase}}0.89 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1978 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1978 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Kallambella <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1978 to the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1978/Statistical%20Report%20Karnataka%201978.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101007164123/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1978/Statistical%20Report%20Karnataka%201978.pdf |archive-date=7 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[T. B. Jayachandra]] |party = Indian National Congress (I) |votes = 27,645 |percentage = 52.93% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = B. Ganganna |party = Janata Party |votes = 19,833 |percentage = 37.98% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = C. J. Mukkannappa |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 2,918 |percentage = 5.59% |change = {{decrease}}38.16 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = D. M. Ramachandra Setty |party = Independent politician |votes = 662 |percentage = 1.27% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = B. P. Ganganna |party = Independent politician |votes = 584 |percentage = 1.12% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = M. D. Mahalingaiah |party = Independent politician |votes = 584 |percentage = 1.12% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 7,812 |percentage = 14.96% |change = {{decrease}}9.37 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 54,074 |percentage = 74.69% |change = {{increase}}10.24 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 52,226}}
{{Election box rejected |votes = 1,848 |percentage = 3.42% |change = {{increase}}3.42 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 72,398 |ref = |change = {{increase}}11.42 }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Indian National Congress (I) |loser = Indian National Congress |swing = {{increase}}9.18 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1972 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1972 Mysore State Legislative Assembly election]] : Kallambella <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1972 to the Legislative Assembly of Mysore |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/StatisRep_Mysore_72.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006074555/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/StatisRep_Mysore_72.pdf |archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = T. Taregowda |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 17,862 |percentage = 43.75% |change = {{decrease}}5.94 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = B. Ganganna |party = Independent politician |votes = 7,929 |percentage = 19.42% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = S. Doddananjappa |party = Independent politician |votes = 7,151 |percentage = 17.51% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = S. R. Muddarangappa |party = Independent politician |votes = 4,311 |percentage = 10.56% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Tmn Rangappa |party = Indian National Congress (Organisation) |votes = 3,579 |percentage = 8.77% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 9,933 |percentage = 24.33% |change = {{decrease}}0.49 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 41,882 |percentage = 64.45% |change = {{increase}}3.13 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 40,832}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 64,980 |ref = |change = {{increase}}14.48 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |swing = {{decrease}}5.94 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1967 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1967 Mysore State Legislative Assembly election]] : Kallambella <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1967 to the Legislative Assembly of Mysore |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Mysore%201967.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006083645/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Mysore%201967.pdf |archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = B. Ganganna |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 16,176 |percentage = 49.69% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = G. Marulappa |party = Independent politician |votes = 8,095 |percentage = 24.87% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = H. P. Mruthunjaya Aradhya |party = Independent politician |votes = 4,721 |percentage = 14.50% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = H. C. Channappa |party = Communist Party of India (Marxist) |votes = 3,561 |percentage = 10.94% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 8,081 |percentage = 24.82% |change = }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 34,809 |percentage = 61.32% |change = }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 32,553}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 56,763 |ref = |change = }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner = Indian National Congress |swing = }}
{{Election box end}}

== See also ==
* [[List of constituencies of the Karnataka Legislative Assembly]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Karnataka}}

{{Coord|13.629|76.920|region:IN|display=title}}

[[Category:Former assembly constituencies of Karnataka]]
[[Category:Tumakuru district]]
[[Category:Politics of Karnataka]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1967]]
[[Category:1967 establishments in Mysore State]]
[[Category:Constituencies disestablished in 2008]]
[[Category:2008 disestablishments in India]]

Rajgangpur Assembly constituency

2026-04-14T03:32:47Z

Vilianawge: starting some entry more to come

{{Short description|Constituency of the Odisha legislative assembly in India}}
{{About| the assembly constituency|its eponymous town|Rajgangpur}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2021}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Rajgangpur
| state = [[Odisha]]
| constituency_no = 13
| type = SLA
| map_image = 13-Rajgangpur.svg
| map_caption = Rajgangpur Assembly constituency in [[Sundargarh district]]
| map_alt =
| division = Northen Division
| district = [[Sundargarh district|Sundargarh]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Sundargarh Lok Sabha constituency|Sundargarh]]
| established = 1951
| reservation = ST
| incumbent_image =
| mla = [[C. S. Raazen Ekka]]
| party = [[Indian National Congress]]
| latest_election_year = [[2024 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|2024]]
| electors = 2,53,571{{efn|as on 2024}}{{efn|as data published by election commission}}
}}
'''Rajgangpur''' is a [[Odisha Legislative Assembly|Assembly]] [[List of constituencies of the Odisha Legislative Assembly|constituency]] of [[Sundergarh district]] in [[Odisha]] [[States and union territories of India|State]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.empoweringindia.org/new/constituency.aspx?eid=283&cid=13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140104205622/http://www.empoweringindia.org/new/constituency.aspx?eid=283&cid=13 |url-status=usurped |archive-date=4 January 2014 |title= Orissa Assembly Election 2009 |work=empoweringindia.org |quote= Constituency: Rajgangpur (13) District : Sundargarh|accessdate= 4 January 2014}}</ref> It was established in 1951.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Delimitation of Parliamentary & Assembly Constituencies Order - 2008 |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3931-delimitation-of-parliamentary-assembly-constituencies-order-2008/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240317193120/https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3931-delimitation-of-parliamentary-assembly-constituencies-order-2008/ |archive-date=2024-03-17 |access-date=2025-09-10 |website=Election Commission of India |language=en-IN}}</ref>

== Extent of Assembly Constituencies ==

* Rajgangpur Block
* Rajgangpur Muncipalty including OCL Industrial Township
* Lathikata Block : Bad-Dalki, Birda, Birkera, Tainsar, Jhartrang, Chikatmati, Garjan, Balanda, Kulunga and Jadakudar GPs
* Kutra Block.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/delim/Final_Publications/Orissa/orissa.pdf|title=Assembly Constituencies and their Extent}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/delim/paper1to7/Orissa.xls|title=Seats of Odisha}}</ref>

==Members of Legislative Assembly==
{{bar box
|float=right
|title= Vote share of winning candidates<ref>{{cite web |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/electionanalysis/AE/S18/partycomp137.htm|title= 137 - Rajgangpur Assembly Constituency|work=eci.nic.in |year=2006 |quote=List Of Winning Candidates |accessdate= 27 March 2014}}</ref>
|titlebar=#ddd
|width=300px
|barwidth=275px
|bars=
{{bar percent|2024|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|36.74}}
{{bar percent|2019|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|30.98}}
{{bar percent|2014|{{party color|Biju Janata Dal}}|34.19}}
{{bar percent|2009|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|30.91}}
{{bar percent|2004|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|50.79}}
{{bar percent|2000|{{party color|Biju Janata Dal}}|45.69}}
{{bar percent|1995|{{party color|Janata Dal}}|37.93}}
{{bar percent|1985|{{party color|Janata Party}}|52.37}}
{{bar percent|1990|{{party color|Janata Dal}}|64.26}}
{{bar percent|1980|{{party color|Indian National Congress (I)}}|33.03}}
{{bar percent|1977|{{party color|Janata Party}}|49.39}}
}}

Since its formation in 1951, 17 elections have been held till date.

List of members elected from Rajgangpur constituency is:<ref name=prevMLAs>{{cite web|url=http://orissa.gov.in/e-magazine/orissaannualreference/ORA-2011/pdf/453-501.pdf |title=Odisha Reference Annual - 2011 - List of Members of Odisha Legislative Assembly - (1951–2004) |access-date=6 October 2021 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131217121136/http://orissa.gov.in/e-magazine/orissaannualreference/ORA-2011/pdf/453-501.pdf |archive-date=17 December 2013 }}</ref>

{|class="wikitable sortable"
!Year
!Member
!colspan=2|Party
|-
|[[2024 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|2024]]<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Rajgangapur Assembly Election Results 2024: Rajgangapur Election Candidates List, Election Date, Vote Share - IndiaToday |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/assembly/odisha/rajgangapur-constituency-result-18013 |access-date=2025-06-18 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref>
|rowspan=2|[[C. S. Raazen Ekka]]
|{{full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
|[[2019 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|2019]]<ref name=election2019>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/11679-odisha-legislative-assembly-election-2019/ |title=State Election, 2019 to the Legislative Assembly of Odisha |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=7 October 2021 |url-access=limited}}</ref>
|-
|[[2014 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|2014]]<ref name=":1" />
|[[Mangala Kisan]]
|{{full party name with color|Biju Janata Dal}}
|-
|[[2009 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|2009]]<ref name=":2" />
|rowspan=2|Gregory Minz
|{{full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
|[[2004 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|2004]]
|-
|[[2000 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|2000]]
|rowspan=4|[[Mangala Kisan]]
|{{full party name with color|Biju Janata Dal}}
|-
|[[1995 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|1995]]
|{{full party name with color|Janata Dal|rowspan=2}}
|-
|[[1990 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|1990]]
|-
|[[1985 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|1985]]
|{{full party name with color|Janata Party}}
|-
|[[1980 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|1980]]
|Mukharam Naik
|{{full party name with color|Indian National Congress (I)|dab=yes}}
|-
|[[1977 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|1977]]
|Brajamohan Kisan
|{{full party name with color|Janata Party}}
|-
|[[1974 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|1974]]
|Christopher Ekka
|{{full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[1971 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|1971]]
|Ignace Majhi
|{{full party name with color|Jharkhand Party}}
|-
|[[1967 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|1967]]
|Premchand Bhagat
|{{full party name with color|Swatantra Party}}
|-
|[[1961 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|1961]]
|Rangaballabh Amat
|{{full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[1957 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|1957]]
|Santi Prakash Oram
|{{full party name with color|Independent}}
|-
|[[1951 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|1951]]
|Agapit Lakra
|{{full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|}

==Election results==

=== 2024 ===
Voting were held on 20th May 2024 in 2nd phase of Odisha Assembly Election & 5th phase of Indian General Election. Counting of votes was on 4th June 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |title=General Election to Legislative Assembly of Odisha 2024 |url=https://elections24.eci.gov.in/election-details-odisa.html |website=[[Election Commission of India|ECI]]}}</ref> In 2024 election, [[Indian National Congress]] candidate [[C. S. Raazen Ekka]] defeated [[Biju Janata Dal]] candidate Anil Baraa by 10,184 votes.<ref name=":0" />

{{Election box begin
|title= [[2024 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|2024 Odisha Vidhan Sabha Election]],Rajgangpur}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = [[C. S. Raazen Ekka]]
|votes = 66,869
|percentage = 36.74
|change = {{increase}}5.76
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Biju Janata Dal
|candidate = Anil Baraa
|votes = 56,685
|percentage = 31.14
|change = {{increase}}0.70
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Narasingha Minz
|votes = 52,655
|percentage = 28.93
|change = {{decrease}}1.46
}}

{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = None of the above
|candidate = None of the above
|votes = 1,944
|percentage = 1.07
|change = {{increase}}0.50
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 10,184
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 182,030
|percentage = 71.79
|change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link no swing|
|winner = Indian National Congress
|loser =
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2019===
In 2019 election, [[Indian National Congress]] candidate [[C. S. Raazen Ekka]] defeated [[Biju Janata Dal]] candidate [[Mangala Kisan]] by 946 votes.<ref name="election2019" />
{{Election box begin | title=[[2019 Odisha Legislative Assembly election]]: Rajgangpur<ref name="SP Ass Cand">{{cite web |title=List of Contesting Candidates(Phase-II) (AC) |url=http://www.ceoorissa.nic.in/docs/Election/2019/Form7A/Phase2/List%20of%20Contesting%20Candidates%20%282nd%20Phase-AC%20Wise%29.pdf |website=ceoorissa.nic.in |publisher=Office of the Chief Electoral Officer, Odisha |accessdate=17 April 2019}}</ref>}}

{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party=Indian National Congress
|candidate= [[C. S. Raazen Ekka]]
|votes=53,918
|percentage=30.98
|change={{increase}}3.07
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Biju Janata Dal|candidate=[[Mangala Kisan]]|votes=52,972|percentage=30.44|change={{decrease}}3.75}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Bharatiya Janata Party|candidate=Narasingha Minz|votes=52,896|percentage=30.39|change={{increase}}12.42}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=None of the above|candidate=None of the above|votes=995|percentage=0.57|change=''-''}}
{{Election box majority||votes=946|percentage=0.54|change=}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=174030|percentage=68.79|change=}}
{{Election box gain with party link|
|winner = Indian National Congress
|loser = Biju Janata Dal
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2014 ===
In 2014 election, [[Biju Janata Dal]] candidate [[Mangala Kisan]] defeated [[Indian National Congress]] candidate Gregory Minz by 10,036 votes.<ref name=":1">{{cite web|title=Constituency Wise odisha Assembly Election result 2014|url=http://leadtech.in/infoelection/index.php/odisha/2604-constituency-wise-odisha-assembly-election-result.html|publisher=Leadtech.in|accessdate=8 June 2014|archive-date=18 August 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140818230907/http://leadtech.in/infoelection/index.php/odisha/2604-constituency-wise-odisha-assembly-election-result.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>

{{Election box begin |
| title=[[2014 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|2014 Vidhan Sabha Election]], Rajgangpur<ref>{{cite web|title=Odisha - Rajgangapur|url=http://eciresults.nic.in/AC/ConstituencywiseS1813.htm?ac=13|publisher=Election Commission of India|accessdate=7 June 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Orissa Assembly Election 2014 Constituency: Rajgangpur (13)|url=http://www.empoweringindia.org/new/constituency.aspx?eid=998&cid=13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714142155/http://www.empoweringindia.org/new/constituency.aspx?eid=998&cid=13|url-status=usurped|archive-date=14 July 2014|publisher=EmpoweringIndia.org|accessdate=7 June 2014}}</ref>
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Biju Janata Dal
|candidate = [[Mangala Kisan]]
|votes =54,596
|percentage = 34.19
|change = {{increase}}6.85
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Gregory Minz
|votes =44,560
|percentage = 27.91
|change = {{decrease}}3.0
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Upendra Pradhan
|votes =28,694
|percentage = 17.97
|change = {{increase}}3.51
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = None of the above
|candidate = None of the above
|votes = 1,105
|percentage = 0.69
|change = ''-''
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes =10,036
|percentage = 6.28
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 1,59,675
|percentage = 70.83
|change =
}}
{{Election box Registered electors
|reg. electors = 2,25,420
}}
{{Election box gain with party link no swing|
|winner = Biju Janata Dal
|loser = Indian National Congress
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2009 ===
In 2009 election, [[Indian National Congress]] candidate Gregory Minz defeated [[Biju Janata Dal]] candidate Benedikt Tirkey by 4,115 votes.<ref name=":2">{{cite web |url=http://leadtech.in/infoelection/index.php/odisha/431-odisha-election-result-2009-votemargin.html |title=Orissa Election Result 2009 With Vote Margin |work=leadtech.in |quote=4115 |accessdate=4 January 2014 |archive-date=27 May 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130527163949/http://leadtech.in/infoelection/index.php/odisha/431-odisha-election-result-2009-votemargin.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>

{{Election box begin |title= 2009 Vidhan Sabha Election, Rajgangpur<ref name=election2009>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3630-orissa-2009/ |title=Statistical Report on General Election, 2009 to the Legislative Assembly of Orissa |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date= 6 October 2021}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Gregory Minz
|votes = 35,592
|percentage = ''30.91''
|change = ''-''
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Biju Janata Dal
|candidate = Benedikt Tirkey
|votes = 31,477
|percentage = 27.34
|change = ''-''
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Jharkhand Mukti Morcha
|candidate = Halu Mundari
|votes = 17,693
|percentage = 15.37
|change = ''-''
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Mahendra Kumar Majhi
|votes = 16,654
|percentage = 14.46
|change = ''-''
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 4,115
|percentage = ''3.57''{{efn|% of total valid votes}}
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 1,15,501
|percentage = 60.99
|change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link no swing|
|winner = Indian National Congress
}}
{{Election box end}}

==Notes==
{{Notelist}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Sundergarh district}}
{{Assembly constituencies of Odisha}}
{{coords|22.19|84.58|display=title}}

[[Category:Sundergarh district]]
[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Odisha]]
[[Category:Politics of Odisha]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1951]]
[[Category:1951 establishments in Orissa]]

BWDA Polytechnic College

2026-03-27T12:45:35Z

Vilianawge: redirect created

#REDIRECT [[List of colleges affiliated to the Anna University]]

{{Rcat shell|
{{R to list}}
}}

Watson's Hotel

2026-03-27T03:04:39Z

Vilianawge: put up a stub

{{Short description|Building in India}}
{{redirect|Esplanade Mansions|building in Kolkata|Esplanade Mansions, Kolkata}}
{{Multiple issues|
{{Update|date=June 2025}}
{{More citations needed|date=June 2025}}
}}
{{Infobox Historic building
| name = Watson's Hotel
| image = Watson's-Hotel.jpg
| caption = [[Façade]] of Watson's hotel, now known as the Esplanade Mansion
| pushpin_map = Mumbai
| coordinates = {{coord|18.9283|72.8311|region:IN-MH|display=inline}}
| location = Mahatma Gandhi Road, [[Fort (Mumbai precinct)|Fort]], [[Mumbai]], India
| architect = [[Rowland Mason Ordish]]
| client = John Watson
| engineer = Rowland Mason Ordish
| construction_start_date = {{Start date and age|1867|df=yes}}
| completion_date = {{Start date and age|1869|df=yes}}
| demolished_date =
| cost =
| structural_system = [[Cast iron]]
| architectural_style =
| size =
| embedded = {{designation list | embed = yes
| designation1 = WHS
| designation1_partof = [[Victorian Gothic and Art Deco Ensembles of Mumbai]]
| designation1_type =
| designation1_criteria = {{UNESCO WHS type|(ii), (iv)}}(ii) (iv)
| designation1_number = [https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1480 1480]
| designation1_date = [[List of World Heritage Sites by year of inscription#2018 (42nd session)|2018]] (43rd [[World Heritage Committee|session]])
}}
}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2020}}

'''Watson's Hotel''' (actually Watson's Esplanade Hotel), now known as the '''Esplanade Mansion''', located in the [[Kala Ghoda]] area of [[Mumbai]] (Bombay), is India's oldest surviving [[cast iron]] building.<ref name="toast">{{Cite news|url=http://cities.expressindia.com/fullstory.php?newsid=135972|title=Now listed as 'endangered', Watson's Hotel was once toast of Bombay|last=Choudhury|first=Chitrangada|date=24 June 2005|work=[[Indian Express]]|publisher=[[Express Group]]|access-date=29 December 2008|archive-date=12 June 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130612050214/http://cities.expressindia.com/fullstory.php?newsid=135972|url-status=dead}}</ref> It is probably the oldest surviving multi-level fully [[Cast-iron architecture|cast-iron]] framed building in the world, being three years earlier than the Menier Chocolate Factory in Noisiel, France, which are both amongst the few ever built. Named after its original owner, John Watson, the cast and wrought - iron structure of the building was prefabricated in [[England]], and it was constructed between 1867 and 1869.

The hotel was leased on 26 August 1867 for the term of 999 years at a yearly rent of Rupees 92 and 12 annas to Abdul Haq. It was closed in the 1960s and was later subdivided and partitioned into smaller cubicles that were let out on rent as homes and offices. Neglect of the building has resulted in decay and, despite its listing as a Grade II–A heritage structure, the building is now in a dilapidated state. A documentary film about the building was made in 2019 called ''The Watson's Hotel''.

==Design==

Watson's Hotel was designed by the civil engineer [[Rowland Mason Ordish]], who had worked on the [[The Crystal Palace|Crystal Palace]] in London in 1850, and went on to design a number of cast - and wrought-iron structures such as bridges and market halls, notably the [[Albert Bridge, London|Albert Bridge]] in London the [[St Pancras Station]] station roof (co-designer). The building's [[cast iron]] and wrought-iron components were prefabricated by the Phoenix Foundry Company in Derby, England, and assembled on site. The iron frame is composed of relatively large-scale pieces, heavier than that used on the Crystal Palace, able to support the five levels, timber and tile floors, and the infill brick walling.

The design responded to the tropical environment by placing the access on external cantilevered walkways that surround the main facades, and by incorporating a large lightwell behind.<ref name="mirror">{{Cite news|title=India's 'cast iron' bldg crumble|date=2 July 2005|work=[[Mumbai Mirror]]|publisher=[[Times Group]]}}</ref>

The [[:fr:Moulin Saulnier|Menier Chocolate Factory]] in Noisiel, France, designed by architect [[Jules Saulnier]], is often credited as the first multi-story building with a structure entirely composed of cast-iron, but it was built slightly later, beginning in 1869, completed in 1872.

==History==

John Hudson Watson was born in 1818 in [[Castle Carrock]], England to a farming family, but moved to London in the 1840s and established a drapery business. Arriving with his brother and two sons in Bombay in 1853, they developed a successful drapery business.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Castle Carrock - Watson's Esplanade Hotel|url=https://www.castlecarrock.com/index.php/about-castle-carrock/history/51-watson-s-esplanade-hotel|access-date=2020-06-10|website=www.castlecarrock.com|archive-date=10 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200610030027/https://www.castlecarrock.com/index.php/about-castle-carrock/history/51-watson-s-esplanade-hotel|url-status=live}}</ref> Buying plots 11 & 12 at the first auction of newly created Esplanade sites in August 1864, his original plan for the building was to use it as additional office and showroom for his thriving business nearby, but by late 1865 the plans had evolved into a luxury hotel, and he started to begin to ship prefabricated cast iron components from England as early as October 1865.<ref name=":0" /> According to the text on a painting commissioned by Watson's son in c1901 that now hangs at the Watson Institute in [[Castle Carrock]], all elements including the cast iron, brick, stone and tiles, were imported.<ref>The inscription reads "“This building was designed in London for John Watson of Gelt Hall by Messrs Ordish and Le Febre. The materials for this were wholly English; the iron frame from Derby, the bricks and cement from the bank of the Thames, the tiles from Staffordshire, and finally the red stone plinth and column bases from Penrith.”</ref> The hotel was built between 1867 and 1869, but interior work meant it did not finally open until 4 February 1871.<ref name=":0" /> By then, Watson had returned to England, where he died in May 1871, leaving his son John Watson Jr, to manage the hotel and drapery business. The original design, as displayed on the painting in the Watson Institute, included plans for traditional European [[mansard roof]], however it was built as a simplified flat roofed form. The hotel was an exclusive Europeans-only business, and it was one of the most renowned hotels in the city in its day. The five-storied structure housed 130 guest rooms, as well as a lobby, restaurant and a bar at the ground level. The hotel also had a {{convert|30|x|9|m|ft}} [[Atrium (architecture)|atrium]], originally used as a [[ballroom]], with a glass skylight. At its peak, Watson's hotel employed English waitresses in its restaurant and ballroom, inspiring a common joke at the time: "If only Watson had imported the English weather as well."<ref name="mirror" /><ref name="timesofindia">{{Cite news|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2005-06-23/india/27844450_1_john-watson-taj-mahal-hotel-building|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110713025935/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2005-06-23/india/27844450_1_john-watson-taj-mahal-hotel-building|url-status=dead|archive-date=13 July 2011|work=[[The Times of India]]|title=Watson! You are a forgotten soul|date=23 June 2005}}</ref>

Ownership appears to have been vested in Watson's wife, Hannah Maria Watson, who entered into a lease deed with Sardar Abdul Haq, Diler ul Mulk, and Diler ul Daula, for a term of nine hundred and ninety nine years on 26 August 1867.<ref>Later on, another indenture was made on the date 22 12 1885, between the trustees of Port Trust of Bombay and Sardar Diler ul Mulk in which land on the Wellington Reclamation Estate of Bombay of 8129 sq.yards was leased by the Sardar Abdul Haq for a term of fifty years from 01-01-1880.</ref>

John Watson Jr returned to England in 1896, and with competition from the grand [[Taj Mahal Palace Hotel|Taj Mahal Hotel]] which opened in 1903, Watson's lost its premier status. In 1920, Watson's ceased to be a hotel, and had been renamed Mahendra Mansion. In 1944, it was renamed Esplanade Mansion, and in the 1960s it was partitioned into small cubicles and rented converted as housing and offices.

Over the years, apathy toward the building by the occupants and owners has resulted in the building decaying, the atrium has been used as a dumping ground, there are several illegal alterations, and by 2005 it was in a seriously dilapidated state. One of the possible reasons proffered is the fact that the rent collected is low, and cannot be raised sufficiently due to rent stabilisation laws, and tenants are also protected.<ref name="toast" /> {{As of|2005}}, building had 53 families and 97 commercial establishments. Most of the commercial establishments are chambers of [[lawyer]]s attached to the adjacent Bombay Civil & Session Courts and the nearby [[Bombay High Court]].<ref name="mirror" /><ref name="timesofindia" />

Having been owned by the [[Tata Group|Tatas]], in the early 80s it was sold to Sadik Ali.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.ndtv.com/mumbai-news/rs-450-crore-heritage-mansion-up-for-redevelopment-527337 |title=Rs. 450 crore heritage mansion up for redevelopment, Mid-Day.com, 4 July 2013 |access-date=19 November 2016 |archive-date=20 November 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161120003451/http://www.ndtv.com/mumbai-news/rs-450-crore-heritage-mansion-up-for-redevelopment-527337 |url-status=live }}</ref>

<gallery mode="packed" heights="250px">
File:Bombay Esplanade Hotel LACMA M.90.24.6.jpg|Between 1880s-1900s.<ref>{{Cite web |title=View of the Watson's Hotel or Esplanade Mansion, Bombay |url=https://sarmaya.in/objects/photography/view-of-the-watsons-esplanade-hotel-bombay/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240623155958/https://sarmaya.in/objects/photography/view-of-the-watsons-esplanade-hotel-bombay/ |archive-date=2024-06-23 |access-date=2024-06-24 |website=Sarmaya |language=en-US}}</ref>
Watson's Hotel, Bombay in the 19th century.jpg|Watson's Hotel (c. 19th century).
File:Watson hotel restored.jpg|alt=Restored and recolored image|Restored and recolored image of Watson's Esplanade Hotel using period descriptions of the hotel's structure. Note the alterations to the terrace and wooden window panels, which differ from earlier paintings due to renovations.
WATSON’S-ESPLANADE-HOTEL.jpg|'The John Watson Building, Bombay India' the painting showing the original design, now hanging in the Watson Institute, [[Castle Carrock]].
</gallery>

==Notable guests==

[[File:Esplanade Mansion (Formerly Watsons Hotel) with Rajabhai Clock Tower in the background, Mumbai.jpg|thumb| Esplanade Mansion c 2011 with [[Rajabai Clock Tower]] in the background]]

Among the hotel's notable guests was [[Mark Twain]], who wrote about the city's crows he saw outside his balcony in ''[[Following the Equator]]''.<ref>{{cite book|last=Twain|first= Mark |authorlink= Mark Twain|title=Following the Equator — A journey around the world.|chapter-url=https://archive.org/stream/followingequator00twaiuoft#page/354/mode/2up|year=1897|chapter=The Indian Crow|publisher=American Publishing Co., Hartford |page=355}}</ref> It was also the first place in India to screen the [[Lumière Brothers]]' [[Cinematographe]] invention in 1896.{{fact|date=January 2021}}

[[Muhammad Ali Jinnah]] used to play [[Pool (cue sports)|pool]] in the hotel, to make a little extra money for himself.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Zakaria |first=Namrata |date=2009-10-07 |title=Jaswant in ‘Jinnah’s Bombay’: Jinnah House belongs to daughter |url=http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/jaswant-in--jinnah-s-bombay--jinnah-house-belongs-to-daughter/525912/0 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20160119010415/http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/jaswant-in--jinnah-s-bombay--jinnah-house-belongs-to-daughter/525912/0 |archive-date=19 January 2016 |access-date=18 October 2015 |website=Indian Express}}</ref>

A popular myth surround the hotel was that the staff at Watson's Hotel denied Indian industrialist [[Jamsetji Tata]] access to the hotel. In retaliation he built the [[Taj Mahal Palace & Tower|Taj Hotel]], a hotel that stands near the [[Gateway of India]], in 1903.<ref name="mirror" /><ref name="timesofindia" /> However many historians, notably author [[Sharada Dwivedi]], dispute this legend on the basis of a lack of evidence to prove that "Tata was a man of vengeance".<ref name="unbreakable">{{Cite news|title=Unbreakable: An Enduring Symbol Of Mumbai's Culture, Heritage And Global Status Turns 105 Today |last=Choksi|first=Mansi |date=16 December 2008|work=[[Times of India]]|publisher=[[Times Group]]}}</ref>

==Current state==

The building's poor structural condition has been commonly remarked, and efforts by heritage activists to persuade its present owner to invest in restoration have been unsuccessful. The current state of the building was publicized by Italian architect [[Renzo Piano]], and as a result of his efforts, the building was listed in June 2005 on the list of "100 World Endangered Monuments" by the [[World Monuments Fund]], a New York-based [[Non-governmental organization|NGO]].<ref name="rediff">{{Cite news|url=http://in.rediff.com/news/2005/jun/21mum.htm|title=Mumbai's Watson's Hotel in endangered structures list|last=Joshi|first=Monika|date=21 June 2005|work=[[Rediff.com]]|access-date=6 July 2005|archive-date=2 December 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081202055840/http://in.rediff.com/news/2005/jun/21mum.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> Just a few days after its nomination, part of the building's western façade, originally balconies developed into small offices, collapsed, killing one person and crushing several cars and motorcycles parked in the street below.

The building is listed as a Grade II–A heritage structure.<ref name="mirror" /><ref name="timesofindia" /> On 13 June 2010, the Mumbai Heritage Conservation Committee (MHCC) gave its approval for the 130-year-old structure to be restored. The restoration work was to be paid for and carried out by the [[Maharashtra Housing and Area Development Authority]] (MHADA).<ref>{{Cite news| url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/MHADA-to-restore-Esplanade-Mansion/Article1-556881.aspx | archive-url=https://archive.today/20130125191117/http://www.hindustantimes.com/MHADA-to-restore-Esplanade-Mansion/Article1-556881.aspx | url-status=dead | archive-date=25 January 2013 | work=Hindustan Times | location=Mumbai | title=MHADA to restore Esplanade Mansion | first=Bhavika | last=Jain | date=13 June 2010}}</ref>

No action was taken until 2019 when MHADA sought advice on restoration from a panel from [[Indian Institute of Technology Bombay|IIT]], wherein they observed "Repairs will be dangerous as many structural elements of the building are not rigidly connected to each other.. it will be prudent to demolish Esplanade Mansion", a decision immediately decried by heritage advocates.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-05-23|title=Mumbai: Experts stunned as IIT-B says, pull down Esplanade Mansion|url=https://www.mid-day.com/articles/mumbai-experts-stunned-as-iit-b-says-pull-down-esplanade-mansion/20998160|access-date=2020-06-10|website=mid-day|language=en|archive-date=10 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200610030023/https://www.mid-day.com/articles/mumbai-experts-stunned-as-iit-b-says-pull-down-esplanade-mansion/20998160|url-status=live}}</ref> Whether or not to restore the buildings, how it would be funded and the rights of the tenants have, were then subject of various court cases through 2020; an expert panel appointed by the court had determined by January 2020 that the building could and should be restored.<ref>{{Cite web|last1=Deshpande|first1=Swati|date=28 January 2020 |agency=TNN |title=Esplanade Mansion can be restored, will cost Rs 100 crore for 50-year lease of life, Bombay high court told {{!}} Mumbai News |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/esplanade-mansion-can-be-restored-will-cost-rs-100-crore-for-50-year-lease-of-life-bombay-high-court-told/articleshow/73685381.cms|access-date=2020-06-10|website=The Times of India|language=en|archive-date=7 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200907235921/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/esplanade-mansion-can-be-restored-will-cost-rs-100-crore-for-50-year-lease-of-life-bombay-high-court-told/articleshow/73685381.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2021, the restoration proposal was under consideration.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-07-03 |title=Heritage panel to consider Esplanade Mansion owner’s restoration proposal soon: BMC to Bombay HC |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/mumbai/heritage-panel-to-consider-esplanade-mansion-owners-restoration-proposal-soon-bmc-to-bombay-hc-7387832/ |access-date=2023-04-07 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>

== Gallery ==
<gallery>
File:Watson Hotel during renovation side view- dated 09-02-2024.jpg|Recent view of the Restoration
File:View of Esplanade Mansion at Night 1.jpg|Esplanade Mansion at night
File:View of Esplanade Mansion at Night 2.jpg|Another view of Esplanade Mansion at night
</gallery>
First picture depicts the restoration as of 9 February 2024.

==See also==

{{Portal|Hotels|India}}

* [[Cast-iron architecture]]

* [[United States Capitol dome]] constructed using cast iron

==References==

{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
[https://vimeopro.com/kinobrigada/kinobrigada/video/331602046 The Watson's Hotel] — 2019 documentary about the hotel

{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2019}}
{{commons category|Watson's Hotel}}

[[Category:Buildings and structures in Mumbai]]
[[Category:Cast-iron architecture in India]]
[[Category:Victorian Gothic and Art Deco Ensembles of Mumbai]]

List of sitting judges of the Supreme Court of India

2026-03-24T11:26:02Z

Vilianawge:

{{Short description|Current sitting judges of the Supreme Court of India}}
[[File:Emblem of the Supreme Court of India.svg|thumb|200x200px|Insignia of the [[Supreme Court of India]]]]
[[File:Supreme Court of India - 200705 (edited).jpg|thumb|The [[Supreme Court of India]], in New Delhi|180x180px]]

The [[Supreme Court of India]] is the [[Supreme court|highest court]] in the country. The maximum possible strength is 34. According to the [[Constitution of India]], the judges of the Supreme Court must retire at the age of 65.<ref name="List">{{cite web|title=Hon'ble The Chief Justice of India & Hon'ble Judges|url=https://www.sci.nic.in/chief-justice-judges|website=Supreme Court of India |access-date=24 August 2014}}</ref> There are currently 33 judges (including the Chief Justice) in the [[Supreme Court of India]].

In August 2021, then [[President of India|President]] [[Ram Nath Kovind]] signed the warrant of appointments of nine judges, including [[List of female judges of the Supreme Court of India|three women]], to the Supreme Court, taking the total number of judges to 33, against the sanctioned strength of 34.<ref>{{cite news |title=Supreme Court gets 9 new judges: All you need to know |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/supreme-court-to-get-9-new-judges-all-you-need-to-know/articleshow/85650247.cms |access-date=28 August 2021 |newspaper=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref> It was the first instance that nine judges of the Supreme Court took oath at once.<ref>{{Cite web|title=President Appoints 9 Judges to the Supreme Court|url=https://www.scobserver.in/journal/collegium-recommends-nine-names-for-elevation-to-the-supreme-court/|access-date=2021-11-24|website=Supreme Court Observer|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Supreme Court Judges: For first time, 9 Supreme Court judges take oath in one go |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/for-first-time-9-supreme-court-judges-take-oath-in-one-go/articleshow/85788736.cms |access-date=1 September 2021 |newspaper=The Times of India |date=31 August 2021 |language=en}}</ref>

At present, the [[Chief Justice of India]] is Justice [[Surya Kant (judge)|Surya Kant]]. He was sworn in as the [[List of chief justices of India|53rd CJI]] on 24 November 2025.<ref>{{cite web |title=CJI Gavai recommends Justice Surya Kant as next Chief Justice of India |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2025/Oct/27/cji-gavai-recommends-justice-surya-kant-as-next-chief-justice-of-india |access-date=2025-10-27 |website=www.newindianexpress.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Justice Surya Kant appointed as the 53rd Chief Justice of India|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/justice-surya-kant-appointed-as-the-53rd-chief-justice-of-india/article70221463.ece/ |date=2025-10-30 |website=thehindu.com|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Justice Surya Kant sworn in as 53rd Chief Justice of India|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/justice-surya-kant-sworn-in-as-53rd-chief-justice-of-india/article70316338.ece/|date=24 November 2025 |website=thehindu.com|language=en}}</ref> Justice [[B. V. Nagarathna]] is the only female judge of the collegium and the member of Supreme Court.

==List of judges ordered by seniority==
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="92%"
|-
! scope="col" | Sr. No.
! Image
! scope="col" | Name
! scope="col" | Date of Appointment
!Becomes CJI on
! scope="col" | Date of Retirement
! scope="col" | Tenure Length
! scope="col" | Parent High Court
!Appointed by
!Date of appointment as High Court Judge
!Seniority rank on the date of elevation
|-
! 1
|[[File:Justice_Surya_Kant.jpg|alt=|border|center|100x100px]]
|[[Surya Kant (judge)|'''Surya Kant''']] [[Chief Justice of India|(Chief Justice of India)]]
|{{dts|2019|5|24|format=dmy}} ({{ayd|2019|5|24}}) '''Appointed as CJI on''' {{dts|2025|11|24|format=dmy}} ({{ayd|2025|11|24}})
|24 November 2025
|{{dts|2027|2|9|format=dmy}} ({{ayd|2027|2|9}})
|{{ayd|2019|5|24|2027|2|9|duration=on}} '''Tenure length as CJI''' {{ayd|2025|11|24|2027|2|9|duration=on}}
|[[Punjab and Haryana High Court|Punjab and Haryana]]
|[[Ram Nath Kovind]] '''Appointed as CJI by''' [[Droupadi Murmu]]
|{{dts|2004|1|9|format=dmy}} ({{ayd|2004|1|9}})
!11
|-
! 2
|[[File:Hon'ble Justice Vikram Nath.jpg|border|center|frameless|100x100px]]
|[[Vikram Nath]]
| rowspan="5" |{{dts|2021|8|31|format=dmy}} ({{ayd|2021|8|31}})
|10 February 2027
|{{dts|2027|9|23|format=dmy}} ({{ayd|2027|9|23}})
|{{ayd|2021|8|31|2027|9|23|duration=on}}
|[[Allahabad High Court|Allahabad]]
| rowspan="6" |[[Ram Nath Kovind]]
|{{dts|2004|9|24|format=dmy}} ({{ayd|2004|9|24}})
!4
|-
! 3
|[[File:Justice JK Maheshwari.jpg|alt=|border|center|100x100px]]
|[[Jitendra Kumar Maheshwari]]
| -
|{{dts|2026|6|28|format=dmy}} ({{ayd|2026|6|28}})
|{{ayd|2021|8|31|2026|6|28|duration=on}}
|[[Madhya Pradesh High Court|Madhya Pradesh]]
|{{dts|2005|11|25|format=dmy}} ({{ayd|2005|11|25}})
!8
|-
! 4
|[[File:Justice_BV_Nagarathna.jpg|alt=|border|center|100x100px]]
|[[B. V. Nagarathna|Bengaluru Venkataramiah Nagarathna]]
|24 September 2027
|{{dts|2027|10|29|format=dmy}} ({{ayd|2027|10|29}})
|{{ayd|2021|8|31|2027|10|29|duration=on}}
|[[Karnataka High Court|Karnataka]]
|{{dts|2008|2|18|format=dmy}} ({{ayd|2008|2|18}})
!29
|-
! 5
|[[File:Justice_MM_Sundresh.jpg|alt=|border|center|100x100px]]
|[[M. M. Sundresh]]
| -
|{{dts|2027|7|20|format=dmy}} ({{ayd|2027|7|20}})
|{{ayd|2021|8|31|2027|7|20|duration=on}}
|[[Madras High Court|Madras]]
|{{dts|2009|3|31|format=dmy}} ({{ayd|2009|3|31}})
!46
|-
! 6
|[[File:Justice PS Narasimha.jpg|alt=|border|center|100x100px]]
|[[P. S. Narasimha|Pamidighantam Sri Narasimha]]
|30 October 2027
|{{dts|2028|5|2|format=dmy}} ({{ayd|2028|5|2}})
|{{ayd|2021|8|31|2028|5|2|duration=on}}
|[[Bar Council of India|Bar Council]]
|N/A
!N/A
|-
! 7
|[[File:Pardiwala.jpg|alt=|border|center|100x100px]]
|[[J. B. Pardiwala|Jamshed Burjor Pardiwala]]
|{{dts|2022|5|9|format=dmy}} ({{ayd|2022|5|9}})
|3 May 2028
|{{dts|2030|8|11|format=dmy}} ({{ayd|2030|8|11}})
|{{ayd|2022|5|9|2030|8|11|duration=on}}
|[[Gujarat High Court|Gujarat]]
|{{dts|2011|2|17|format=dmy}} ({{ayd|2011|2|17}})
!49
|-
! 8
|[[File:Justice Dipankar Datta.jpg|alt=|border|center|100x100px]]
|[[Dipankar Datta]]
|{{dts|2022|12|12|format=dmy}} ({{ayd|2022|12|12}})
| -
|{{dts|2030|2|8|format=dmy}} ({{ayd|2030|2|8}})
|{{ayd|2022|12|12|2030|2|8|duration=on}}
|[[Calcutta High Court|Calcutta]]
| rowspan="28" |[[Droupadi Murmu]]
|{{dts|2006|6|22|format=dmy}} ({{ayd|2006|6|22}})
!6
|-
! 9
|[[File:Justice Pankaj Mithal.jpg|alt=|border|center|100x100px]]
|[[Pankaj Mithal]]
| rowspan="5" |{{dts|2023|2|6|format=dmy}} ({{ayd|2023|2|6}})
| -
|{{dts|2026|6|16|format=dmy}} ({{ayd|2026|6|16}})
|{{ayd|2023|2|6|2026|6|16|duration=on}}
|[[Allahabad High Court|Allahabad]]
|{{dts|2006|7|7|format=dmy}} ({{ayd|2006|7|7}})
!7
|-
! 10
|[[File:Justice Sanjay Karol.jpg|alt=|border|center|100x100px]]
|[[Sanjay Karol]]
| -
|{{dts|2026|8|22|format=dmy}} ({{ayd|2026|8|22}})
|{{ayd|2023|2|6|2026|8|22|duration=on}}
|[[Himachal Pradesh High Court|Himachal Pradesh]]
|{{dts|2007|3|8|format=dmy}} ({{ayd|2007|3|8}})
!9
|-
! 11
|[[File:Justice P. V. Sanjay Kumar.jpg|alt=|border|center|100x100px]]
|[[P. V. Sanjay Kumar|Puligoru Venkata Sanjay Kumar]]
| -
|{{dts|2028|8|13|format=dmy}} ({{ayd|2028|8|13}})
|{{ayd|2023|2|6|2028|8|13|duration=on}}
|[[Telangana High Court|Telangana]]
|{{dts|2008|8|8|format=dmy}} ({{ayd|2008|8|8}})
!20
|-
! 12
|[[File:Justice Ahsanuddin Amanullah.jpg|alt=|border|center|100x100px]]
|[[Ahsanuddin Amanullah]]
| -
|{{dts|2028|5|10|format=dmy}} ({{ayd|2028|5|10}})
|{{ayd|2023|2|6|2028|5|10|duration=on}}
|[[Patna High Court|Patna]]
|{{dts|2011|6|20|format=dmy}} ({{ayd|2011|6|20}})
!42
|-
! 13
|[[File:Justice Manoj Misra.jpg|alt=|border|center|100x100px]]
|[[Manoj Misra]]
| -
|{{dts|2030|6|1|format=dmy}} ({{ayd|2030|6|1}})
|{{ayd|2023|2|6|2030|6|1|duration=on}}
|[[Allahabad High Court|Allahabad]]
|{{dts|2011|11|21|format=dmy}} ({{ayd|2011|11|21}})
!52
|-
! 14
|[[File:Justice Rajesh Bindal.jpg|alt=|border|center|100x100px]]
|[[Rajesh Bindal]]
| rowspan="2" |{{dts|2023|2|13|format=dmy}} ({{ayd|2023|2|13}})
| -
|{{dts|2026|4|15|format=dmy}} ({{ayd|2026|4|15}})
|{{ayd|2023|2|12|2026|4|15|duration=on}}
|[[Punjab and Haryana High Court|Punjab and Haryana]]
|{{dts|2006|3|22|format=dmy}} ({{ayd|2006|3|22}})
!2
|-
! 15
|[[File: Justice Aravind Kumar.jpg|alt=|border|center|100x100px]]
|[[Aravind Kumar]]
| -
|{{dts|2027|7|13|format=dmy}} ({{ayd|2027|7|13}})
|{{ayd|2023|2|12|2027|7|13|duration=on}}
|[[Karnataka High Court|Karnataka]]
|{{dts|2009|6|26|format=dmy}} ({{ayd|2009|6|26}})
!23
|-
! 16
|[[File: Justice Prashant Kumar Mishra.jpg|alt=|border|center|100x100px]]
|[[Prashant Kumar Mishra]]
| rowspan="2" |{{dts|2023|5|19|format=dmy}} ({{ayd|2023|5|19}})
| -
|{{dts|2029|8|28|format=dmy}} ({{ayd|2029|8|28}})
|{{ayd|2023|5|19|2029|8|28|duration=on}}
|[[Chhattisgarh High Court|Chhattisgarh]]
|{{dts|2009|12|10|format=dmy}} ({{ayd|2009|12|10}})
!21
|-
! 17
|[[File:Justice K. V. Viswanathan.jpg|alt=|border|center|100x100px]]
|[[K. V. Viswanathan|Kalpathy Venkataraman Viswanathan]]
| 12 August 2030
|{{dts|2031|5|25|format=dmy}} ({{ayd|2031|5|25}})
|{{ayd|2023|5|19|2031|5|25|duration=on}}
|[[Bar Council of India|Bar Council]]
|N/A
!N/A
|-
! 18
|[[File: Justice Ujjal Bhuyan.jpg|alt=|border|center|100x100px]]
|[[Ujjal Bhuyan]]
| rowspan="2" |{{dts|2023|7|14|format=dmy}} ({{ayd|2023|7|14}})
| -
|{{dts|2029|8|1|format=dmy}} ({{ayd|2029|8|1}})
|{{ayd|2023|7|14|2029|8|1|duration=on}}
|[[Gauhati High Court|Gauhati]]
|{{dts|2011|10|17|format=dmy}} ({{ayd|2011|10|17}})
!31
|-
! 19
|[[File: Justice S. V. Bhatti.jpg|alt=|border|center|100x100px]]
|[[Sarasa Venkatanarayana Bhatti]]
| -
|{{dts|2027|5|5|format=dmy}} ({{ayd|2027|5|5}})
|{{ayd|2023|7|14|2027|5|5|duration=on}}
|[[Andhra Pradesh High Court|Andhra Pradesh]]
|{{dts|2013|4|12|format=dmy}} ({{ayd|2013|4|12}})
!49
|-
! 20
|[[File: Justice Satish Chandra Sharma.jpg|alt=|border|center|100x100px]]
|[[Satish Chandra Sharma]]
| rowspan="3" |{{dts|2023|11|9|format=dmy}} ({{ayd|2023|11|9}})
| -
|{{dts|2026|11|29|format=dmy}} ({{ayd|2026|11|29}})
|{{ayd|2023|11|9|2026|11|29|duration=on}}
|[[Madhya Pradesh High Court|Madhya Pradesh]]
|{{dts|2008|1|18|format=dmy}} ({{ayd|2008|1|18}})
!2
|-
! 21
| [[File:Justice Augustine George Masih.jpg|alt=|border|center|100x100px]]
|[[Augustine George Masih]]
|
|{{dts|2028|3|11|format=dmy}} ({{ayd|2028|3|11}})
|{{ayd|2023|11|9|2028|3|11|duration=on}}
|[[Punjab and Haryana High Court|Punjab and Haryana]]
|{{dts|2008|7|10|format=dmy}} ({{ayd|2008|7|10}})
!7
|-
! 22
| [[File:Justice Sandeep Mehta.jpg|alt=|border|center|100x100px]]
|[[Sandeep Mehta]]
| -
|{{dts|2028|1|10|format=dmy}} ({{ayd|2028|1|10}})
|{{ayd|2023|11|9|2028|1|10|duration=on}}
|[[Rajasthan High Court|Rajasthan]]
|{{dts|2011|5|30|format=dmy}} ({{ayd|2011|5|30}})
!23
|-
! 23
|[[File:Justice P. B. Varale.jpg|alt=|border|center|100x100px]]
|[[Prasanna B. Varale|Prasanna Bhalachandra Varale]]
|{{dts|2024|1|25|format=dmy}} ({{ayd|2024|1|25}})
|
|{{dts|2027|6|22|format=dmy}} ({{ayd|2027|6|22}})
|{{ayd|2024|1|25|2027|6|22|duration=on}}
|[[Bombay High Court|Bombay]]
|{{dts|2008|7|18|format=dmy}} ({{ayd|2008|7|18}})
!6
|-
! 24
|[[File:Justice N. Kotiswar Singh.jpg|alt=|border|center|100x100px]]
|[[N. Kotiswar Singh|Nongmeikapam Kotiswar Singh]]
| rowspan="2" |{{dts|2024|7|18|format=dmy}} ({{ayd|2024|7|18}})
|
|{{dts|2028|2|29|format=dmy}} ({{ayd|2028|2|29}})
|{{ayd|2024|7|18|2028|2|29|duration=on}}
|[[Manipur High Court|Manipur]]
|{{dts|2011|10|17|format=dmy}} ({{ayd|2011|10|17}})
!17
|-
! 25
|[[File:Justice R. Mahadevan.jpg|alt=|border|center|100x100px]]
|[[R. Mahadevan]]
| -
|{{dts|2028|6|9|format=dmy}} ({{ayd|2028|6|9}})
|{{ayd|2024|7|18|2028|6|9|duration=on}}
|[[Madras High Court|Madras]]
|{{dts|2013|10|25|format=dmy}} ({{ayd|2013|10|25}})
!51
|-
! 26
|[[File:Justice Manmohan.jpg|alt=|border|center|100x100px]]
|[[Manmohan (judge)|Manmohan]]
|{{dts|2024|12|5|format=dmy}} ({{ayd|2024|12|5|}})
| -
|{{dts|2027|12|16|format=dmy}} ({{ayd|2027|12|16}})
|{{ayd|2024|12|5|2027|12|16|duration=on}}
|[[Delhi High Court|Delhi]]
|{{dts|2008|3|13|format=dmy}} ({{ayd|2008|3|13}})
!2
|-
! 27
|[[File:Justice K. V. Chandran.jpg|alt=|border|center|100x100px]]
|[[K. Vinod Chandran|Krishnan Vinod Chandran]]
|{{dts|2025|1|16|format=dmy}} ({{ayd|2025|1|16|}})
| -
|{{dts|2028|4|24|format=dmy}} ({{ayd|2028|4|24}})
|{{ayd|2025|1|16|2028|4|24|duration=on}}
|[[Kerala High Court|Kerala]]
|{{dts|2011|11|8|format=dmy}} ({{ayd|2011|11|8}})
!13
|-
! 28
|[[File:Justice Joymalya Bagchi.jpg|alt=|border|center|124x124px]]
|[[Joymalya Bagchi]]
|{{dts|2025|3|17|format=dmy}} ({{ayd|2025|3|17|}})
|26 May 2031
|{{dts|2031|10|2|format=dmy}} ({{ayd|2031|10|2}})
|{{ayd|2025|3|17|2031|10|2|duration=on}}
|[[Calcutta High Court|Calcutta]]
|{{dts|2011|06|27|format=dmy}} ({{ayd|2011|06|27}})
!11
|-
! 29
|[[File:Nilay Anjaria.jpg|alt=|border|center|124x124px]]
|[[Nilay Anjaria|Nilay Vipinchandra Anjaria]]
| rowspan="3" |{{dts|2025|5|30|format=dmy}} ({{ayd|2025|5|30|}})
| -
|{{dts|2030|03|22|format=dmy}} ({{ayd|2030|03|22}})
|{{ayd|2025|05|30|2030|03|22|duration=on}}
|[[Gujarat High Court|Gujarat]]
|{{dts|2011|11|21|format=dmy}} ({{ayd|2011|11|21}})
!14
|-
! 30
|[[File:Justice Vijay Bishnoi.jpg|alt=|border|center|124x124px]]
|[[Vijay Bishnoi]]
| -
|{{dts|2029|03|25|format=dmy}} ({{ayd|2029|3|25}})
|{{ayd|2025|05|30|2029|03|25|duration=on}}
|[[Rajasthan High Court|Rajasthan]]
|{{dts|2013|01|08|format=dmy}} ({{ayd|2013|01|08}})
!18
|-
! 31
|[[File:Justice Atul Chandurkar.jpg|alt=|border|center|124x124px]]
|[[A. S. Chandurkar|Atul Sharachchandra Chandurkar]]
| -
|{{dts|2030|04|06|format=dmy}} ({{ayd|2030|04|06}})
|{{ayd|2025|5|30|2030|04|06|duration=on}}
|[[Bombay High Court|Bombay]]
|{{dts|2013|06|21|format=dmy}} ({{ayd|2013|06|21}})
!29
|-
! 32
|[[File:Alok Aradhe.jpg|alt=|border|center|124x124px]]
|[[Alok Aradhe]]
| rowspan="2" |{{dts|2025|8|29|format=dmy}} ({{ayd|2025|8|29|}})
| -
|{{dts|2029|04|12|format=dmy}} ({{ayd|2029|04|12}})
|{{ayd|2025|08|29|2029|04|12|duration=on}}
|[[Madhya Pradesh High Court|Madhya Pradesh]]
|{{dts|2009|12|29|format=dmy}} ({{ayd|2009|12|29}})
!5
|-
! 33
|[[File:Vipul Pancholi.jpg|alt=|border|center|124x124px]]
|[[Vipul Pancholi|Vipul Manubhai Pancholi]]
|3 October 2031
|{{dts|2033|05|27|format=dmy}} ({{ayd|2033|05|27}})
|{{ayd|2025|8|29|2033|05|27|duration=on}}
|[[Gujarat High Court|Gujarat]]
|{{dts|2014|10|01|format=dmy}} ({{ayd|2014|10|01}})
!57
|}

==Members of the Collegium==
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="92%"
! rowspan="2" |Sr. No.
! rowspan="2" |Member
! colspan="2" |Since
|-
!For Appointment in Supreme Court
!For Appointment in High Courts
|-
!1
|[[Surya Kant (judge)|Surya Kant]] (CJI)
|{{dts|2023|6|18|format=dmy}} ({{ayd|2023|6|18|}}) ''JoR{{Spaced en dash space}}[[Ajay Rastogi]]''
|{{dts|2024|11|11|format=dmy}} ({{ayd|2024|11|11|}}) ''JoR{{Spaced en dash space}}[[Dhananjaya Y. Chandrachud|D. Y. Chandrachud]] (CJI)''
|-
!2
|[[Vikram Nath]]
|{{dts|2025|2|1|format=dmy}} ({{ayd|2025|2|1|}}) ''JoR{{Spaced en dash space}}[[Hrishikesh Roy]]''
|{{dts|2025|05|25|format=dmy}} ({{ayd|2025|05|25|}}) ''JoR{{Spaced en dash space}}[[A. S. Oka]]''
|-
!3
|[[Jitendra Kumar Maheshwari]]
|{{dts|2025|5|14|format=dmy}} ({{ayd|2025|5|14|}}) ''JoR{{Spaced en dash space}}[[Sanjiv Khanna]] (CJI)''
|{{dts|2025|11|24|format=dmy}} ({{ayd|2025|11|24|}}) ''JoR{{Spaced en dash space}}[[B. R. Gavai]] (CJI)''
|-
!4
|[[B. V. Nagarathna|Bengaluru Venkataramiah Nagarathna]]
|{{dts|2025|05|25|format=dmy}} ({{ayd|2025|05|25|}}) ''JoR{{Spaced en dash space}}[[A. S. Oka]]''
|''Not a member''
|-
!5
|[[M. M. Sundresh]]
|{{dts|2025|11|24|format=dmy}} ({{ayd|2025|11|24|}}) ''JoR{{Spaced en dash space}}[[B. R. Gavai]] (CJI)''
|Not a member
|}
JoR - Joined on retirement of

== Additional Information about the Sitting Judges ==
'''CJ -''' Chief Justice

'''HC -''' High Court
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="92%"
! rowspan="2" |Sr. No.
! rowspan="2" |Name
! rowspan="2" |Image
! colspan="2" |Nominated by the Collegium (led by CJI)
! rowspan="2" |Office at the time of elevation (Period)
! rowspan="2" |Other previous offices (Period)
|-
!As Judge of Supreme Court
!As Judge of High Court
|-
! rowspan="2" | 1
| rowspan="2" |[[Surya Kant (judge)|'''Surya Kant''']] [[Chief Justice of India|(Chief Justice of India)]]
| rowspan="2" |[[File:Justice_Surya_Kant.jpg|alt=|border|center|100x100px]]
| rowspan="2" |''46th CJI'' [[Ranjan Gogoi]]
| rowspan="2" |''33rd CJI'' [[V. N. Khare|Vishweshwar Nath Khare]]
| rowspan="2" |[[List of former chief justices of the high courts of India#Himachal Pradesh High Court|23rd CJ]] of [[Himachal Pradesh High Court|Himachal Pradesh HC]] ''({{dts|2018|10|5|format=dmy}}{{Spaced en dash space}}{{dts|2019|5|23|format=dmy}})''
|Judge of [[Punjab and Haryana High Court|Punjab & Haryana HC]] ''(2004{{Spaced en dash space}}2018)''
|-
|[[Advocate general (India)|Advocate General]] of [[Haryana]] ''(2000{{Spaced en dash space}}2004)''
|-
! 2
|[[Vikram Nath]]
|[[File:Hon'ble Justice Vikram Nath.jpg|border|center|frameless|100x100px]]
| rowspan="7" |''48th CJI'' [[N. V. Ramana|Nuthalapati Venkata Ramana]]
|''35th CJI'' [[Ramesh Chandra Lahoti]]
|[[List of former chief justices of the high courts of India#Gujarat High Court|25th CJ]] of [[Gujarat High Court|Gujarat HC]] ''({{dts|2019|9|10|format=dmy}}{{Spaced en dash space}}{{dts|2021|8|30|format=dmy}})''
|Judge of [[Allahabad High Court|Allahabad HC]] ''(2004{{Spaced en dash space}}2019)''
|-
! rowspan="2" | 3
| rowspan="2" |[[Jitendra Kumar Maheshwari]]
| rowspan="2" |[[File:Justice JK Maheshwari.jpg|alt=|border|center|100x100px]]
| rowspan="2" |''36th CJI'' [[Yogesh Kumar Sabharwal]]
| rowspan="2" |[[List of former chief justices of the high courts of India#Sikkim High Court|22nd CJ]] of [[Sikkim High Court|Sikkim HC]] ''({{dts|2021|1|6|format=dmy}}{{Spaced en dash space}}{{dts|2021|8|30|format=dmy}})''
|1st CJ of [[Andhra Pradesh High Court|Andhra Pradesh HC]] ''({{dts|2019|10|7|format=dmy}}{{Spaced en dash space}}{{dts|2021|1|5|format=dmy}})''
|-
|Judge of [[Madhya Pradesh High Court|Madhya Pradesh HC]] ''(2005{{Spaced en dash space}}2019)''
|-
! 4
|[[B. V. Nagarathna|Bengaluru Venkataramiah Nagarathna]]
|[[File:Justice_BV_Nagarathna.jpg|alt=|border|center|100x100px]]
| rowspan="2" |''37th CJI'' [[K. G. Balakrishnan|Konakuppakatil Gopinathan Balakrishnan]]
| colspan="2" |Judge of [[Karnataka High Court|Karnataka HC]] ''({{dts|2008|2|18|format=dmy}}{{Spaced en dash space}}{{dts|2021|8|30|format=dmy}})''
|-
! 5
|[[M. M. Sundresh]]
|[[File:Justice_MM_Sundresh.jpg|alt=|border|center|100x100px]]
| colspan="2" |Judge of [[Madras High Court|Madras HC]] ''({{dts|2009|3|31|format=dmy}}{{Spaced en dash space}}{{dts|2021|8|30|format=dmy}})''
|-
! 6
|[[P. S. Narasimha|Pamidighantam Sri Narasimha]]
|[[File:Justice PS Narasimha.jpg|alt=|border|center|100x100px]]
|'''''N/A'''''
| --
| [[Additional Solicitor General of India]] ''(2014{{Spaced en dash space}}2018)''
|-
! 7
|[[J. B. Pardiwala|Jamshed Burjor Pardiwala]]
|[[File:Pardiwala.jpg|alt=|border|center|100x100px]]
|''38th CJI'' [[S. H. Kapadia|Sarosh Homi Kapadia]]
| colspan="2" |Judge of [[Gujarat High Court|Gujarat HC]] ''({{dts|2011|2|17|format=dmy}}{{Spaced en dash space}}{{dts|2022|5|8|format=dmy}})''
|-
! 8
|[[Dipankar Datta]]
|[[File:Justice Dipankar Datta.jpg|alt=|border|center|100x100px]]
|''49th CJI'' [[Uday Umesh Lalit]]
| rowspan="3" |''36th CJI'' [[Yogesh Kumar Sabharwal]]
|[[List of former chief justices of the high courts of India#Bombay High Court|45th CJ]] of [[Bombay High Court|Bombay HC]] ''({{dts|2020|4|28|format=dmy}}{{Spaced en dash space}}{{dts|2022|12|11|format=dmy}})''
|Judge of [[Calcutta High Court|Calcutta HC]] ''(2006{{Spaced en dash space}}2020)''
|-
! rowspan="2" | 9
| rowspan="2" |[[Pankaj Mithal]]
| rowspan="2" |[[File:Justice Pankaj Mithal.jpg|alt=|border|center|100x100px]]
| rowspan="31" |''50th CJI'' [[Dhananjaya Y. Chandrachud|Dhananjaya Yeshwant Chandrachud]]
| rowspan="2" |[[List of former chief justices of the high courts of India#Rajasthan High Court|40th CJ]] of [[Rajasthan High Court|Rajasthan HC]] ''({{dts|2022|10|14|format=dmy}}{{Spaced en dash space}}{{dts|2023|2|5|format=dmy}})''
|[[List of former chief justices of the high courts of India#Jammu and Kashmir and Ladakh High Court|34th CJ]] of [[High Court of Jammu & Kashmir and Ladakh|Jammu & Kashmir and Ladakh HC]]''({{dts|2021|1|4|format=dmy}}{{Spaced en dash space}}{{dts|2022|10|11|format=dmy}})''
|-
|Judge of [[Allahabad High Court|Allahabad HC]] ''(2006{{Spaced en dash space}}2021)''
|-
! rowspan="3" | 10
| rowspan="3" |[[Sanjay Karol]]
| rowspan="3" |[[File:Justice Sanjay Karol.jpg|alt=|border|center|100x100px]]
| rowspan="5" |''37th CJI'' [[K. G. Balakrishnan|Konakuppakatil Gopinathan Balakrishnan]]
| rowspan="3" |[[List of former chief justices of the high courts of India#Patna High Court|43rd CJ]] of [[Patna High Court|Patna HC]] ''({{dts|2019|11|11|format=dmy}}{{Spaced en dash space}}{{dts|2023|2|6|format=dmy}})''
|4th CJ of [[Tripura High Court|Tripura HC]] ''({{dts|2018|11|14|format=dmy}}{{Spaced en dash space}}{{dts|2019|11|10|format=dmy}})''
|-
|Judge of [[Himachal Pradesh High Court|Himachal Pradesh HC]] ''(2007{{Spaced en dash space}}2018)''
|-
|[[Advocate general (India)|Advocate General]] of [[Himachal Pradesh]] ''(1998{{Spaced en dash space}}2003)''
|-
! rowspan="2" | 11
| rowspan="2" |[[P. V. Sanjay Kumar|Puligoru Venkata Sanjay Kumar]]
| rowspan="2" |[[File:Justice P. V. Sanjay Kumar.jpg|alt=|border|center|100x100px]]
| rowspan="2" |6th CJ of [[Manipur High Court|Manipur HC]] ''({{dts|2021|2|14|format=dmy}}{{Spaced en dash space}}{{dts|2023|2|5|format=dmy}})''
|Judge of [[Punjab and Haryana High Court|Punjab & Haryana HC]] ''(2019{{Spaced en dash space}}2021)''
|-
|Judge of [[Telangana High Court|Telangana HC]] ''(2008{{Spaced en dash space}}2019)''
|-
! 12
|[[Ahsanuddin Amanullah]]
|[[File:Justice Ahsanuddin Amanullah.jpg|alt=|border|center|100x100px]]
| rowspan="2" |''38th CJI'' [[S. H. Kapadia|Sarosh Homi Kapadia]]
|Judge of [[Patna High Court|Patna HC]] ''{{dts|2011|6|20|format=dmy}}{{Spaced en dash space}}{{dts|2021|10|10|format=dmy}} and {{dts|2022|6|20|format=dmy}}{{Spaced en dash space}}{{dts|2023|2|6|format=dmy}}''
| Judge of [[Andhra Pradesh High Court|Andhra Pradesh HC]] ''{{dts|2021|10|10|format=dmy}}{{Spaced en dash space}}{{dts|2022|6|20|format=dmy}}''
|-
! 13
|[[Manoj Misra]]
|[[File:Justice Manoj Misra.jpg|alt=|border|center|100x100px]]
| colspan="2" |Judge of [[Allahabad High Court|Allahabad HC]] ''({{dts|2011|11|21|format=dmy}}{{Spaced en dash space}}{{dts|2023|2|5|format=dmy}})''
|-
! rowspan="3" | 14
| rowspan="3" |[[Rajesh Bindal]]
| rowspan="3" |[[File:Justice Rajesh Bindal.jpg|alt=|border|center|100x100px]]
| rowspan="3" |''36th CJI'' [[Yogesh Kumar Sabharwal]]
| rowspan="3" |[[List of former chief justices of the high courts of India#Allahabad High Court|49th CJ]] of [[Allahabad High Court|Allahabad HC]] ''({{dts|2021|10|11|format=dmy}}{{Spaced en dash space}}{{dts|2023|2|12|format=dmy}})''
|Judge of [[Calcutta High Court|Calcutta HC]] ''(2021)''
|-
|Judge of [[High Court of Jammu & Kashmir and Ladakh|Jammu & Kashmir and Ladakh HC]] ''(2018{{Spaced en dash space}}2021)''
|-
|Judge of [[Punjab and Haryana High Court|Punjab & Haryana HC]] ''(2006{{Spaced en dash space}}2018)''
|-
! 15
|[[Aravind Kumar]]
|[[File: Justice Aravind Kumar.jpg|alt=|border|center|100x100px]]
| rowspan="3" |''37th CJI'' [[K. G. Balakrishnan|Konakuppakatil Gopinathan Balakrishnan]]
|[[List of former chief justices of the high courts of India#Gujarat High Court|26th CJ]] of [[Gujarat High Court|Gujarat HC]] ''({{dts|2021|10|13|format=dmy}}{{Spaced en dash space}}{{dts|2023|2|12|format=dmy}})''
|Judge of [[Karnataka High Court|Karnataka HC]] ''(2009{{Spaced en dash space}}2021)''
|-
! rowspan="2" | 16
| rowspan="2" |[[Prashant Kumar Mishra]]
| rowspan="2" |[[File: Justice Prashant Kumar Mishra.jpg|alt=|border|center|100x100px]]
| rowspan="2" |3rd CJ of [[Andhra Pradesh High Court|Andhra Pradesh HC]] ''({{dts|2021|10|13|format=dmy}}{{Spaced en dash space}}{{dts|2023|5|18|format=dmy}})''
|Judge of [[Chhattisgarh High Court|Chhattisgarh HC]] ''(2009{{Spaced en dash space}}2021)''
|-
|[[Advocate general (India)|Advocate General]] of [[Chhattisgarh]] ''(2007{{Spaced en dash space}}2009)''
|-
! 17
|[[K. V. Viswanathan|Kalpathy Venkataraman Viswanathan]]
|[[File:Justice K. V. Viswanathan.jpg|alt=|border|center|100x100px]]
|'''''N/A'''''
| --
| [[Additional Solicitor General of India]] ''(2013{{Spaced en dash space}}2014)''
|-
! rowspan="3" | 18
| rowspan="3" |[[Ujjal Bhuyan]]
| rowspan="3" |[[File: Justice Ujjal Bhuyan.jpg|alt=|border|center|100x100px]]
| rowspan="3" |''38th CJI'' [[S. H. Kapadia|Sarosh Homi Kapadia]]
| rowspan="3" |[[List of former chief justices of the high courts of India#Telangana High Court|5th CJ]] of Telangana HC ''({{dts|2022|6|28|format=dmy}}{{Spaced en dash space}}{{dts|2023|7|13|format=dmy}})''
|Judge of [[Telangana High Court|Telangana HC]] ''(2021{{Spaced en dash space}}2022)''
|-
|Judge of [[Bombay High Court|Bombay HC]] ''(2019{{Spaced en dash space}}2021)''
|-
|Judge of [[Gauhati High Court|Gauhati HC]] ''(2011{{Spaced en dash space}}2019)''
|-
! rowspan="2" | 19
| rowspan="2" |[[Sarasa Venkatanarayana Bhatti]]
| rowspan="2" |[[File: Justice S. V. Bhatti.jpg|alt=|border|center|100x100px]]
| rowspan="2" |''39th CJI'' [[Altamas Kabir]]
| rowspan="2" |[[List of former chief justices of the high courts of India#Kerala High Court|37th CJ]] of [[Kerala High Court|Kerala HC]] ''({{dts|2023|6|1|format=dmy}}{{Spaced en dash space}}{{dts|2023|7|14|format=dmy}})''
|Judge of [[Kerala High Court|Kerala HC]] ''(2019{{Spaced en dash space}}2023)''
|-
|Judge of [[Andhra Pradesh High Court|Andhra Pradesh HC]] ''(2013{{Spaced en dash space}}2019)''
|-
! rowspan="3" | 20
| rowspan="3" |[[Satish Chandra Sharma]]
| rowspan="3" |[[File: Justice Satish Chandra Sharma.jpg|alt=|border|center|100x100px]]
| rowspan="4" |''37th CJI'' [[K. G. Balakrishnan|Konakuppakatil Gopinathan Balakrishnan]]
| rowspan="3" |[[List of former chief justices of the high courts of India#Delhi High Court|32nd CJ]] of [[Delhi High Court|Delhi HC]] ''({{dts|2022|6|28|format=dmy}}{{Spaced en dash space}}{{dts|2023|11|8|format=dmy}})''
|[[List of former chief justices of the high courts of India#Telangana High Court|4th CJ]] of Telangana HC ''({{dts|2021|10|11|format=dmy}}{{Spaced en dash space}}{{dts|2022|6|27|format=dmy}})''
|-
|Judge of [[Karnataka High Court|Karnataka HC]] ''(2021)''
|-
|Judge of [[Madhya Pradesh High Court|Madhya Pradesh HC]] ''(2008{{Spaced en dash space}}2021)''
|-
! 21
|[[Augustine George Masih]]
|[[File:Justice Augustine George Masih.jpg|alt=|border|center|100x100px]]
|[[List of former chief justices of the high courts of India#Rajasthan High Court|41st CJ]] of [[Rajasthan High Court|Rajasthan HC]] ''({{dts|2023|5|30|format=dmy}}{{Spaced en dash space}}{{dts|2023|11|8|format=dmy}})''
|Judge of [[Punjab and Haryana High Court|Punjab & Haryana HC]] ''(2008{{Spaced en dash space}}2023)''
|-
! 22
|[[Sandeep Mehta]]
|[[File:Justice Sandeep Mehta.jpg|alt=|border|center|100x100px]]
|''38th CJI'' [[S. H. Kapadia|Sarosh Homi Kapadia]]
|[[List of former chief justices of the high courts of India#Gauhati High Court|41st CJ]] of [[Gauhati High Court|Gauhati HC]] ''({{dts|2023|2|15|format=dmy}}{{Spaced en dash space}}{{dts|2023|11|8|format=dmy}})''
|Judge of [[Rajasthan High Court|Rajasthan HC]] ''(2011{{Spaced en dash space}}2023)''
|-
! 23
|[[Prasanna B. Varale|Prasanna Bhalachandra Varale]]
|[[File:Justice P. B. Varale.jpg|alt=|border|center|100x100px]]
|''37th CJI'' [[K. G. Balakrishnan|Konakuppakatil Gopinathan Balakrishnan]]
|[[List of former chief justices of the high courts of India#Karnataka High Court|32nd CJ]] of [[Karnataka High Court|Karnataka HC]] ''({{dts|2022|10|15|format=dmy}}{{Spaced en dash space}}{{dts|2024|1|24|format=dmy}})''
|Judge of [[Bombay High Court|Bombay HC]] ''(2008{{Spaced en dash space}}2022)''
|-
! rowspan="3" | 24
| rowspan="3" |[[N. Kotiswar Singh|Nongmeikapam Kotiswar Singh]]
| rowspan="3" |[[File:Justice N. Kotiswar Singh.jpg|alt=|border|center|100x100px]]
| rowspan="3" |''38th CJI'' [[S. H. Kapadia|Sarosh Homi Kapadia]]
| rowspan="3" |[[List of former chief justices of the high courts of India#Jammu and Kashmir and Ladakh High Court|36th CJ]] of [[High Court of Jammu & Kashmir and Ladakh|Jammu & Kashmir and Ladakh HC]]''({{dts|2023|2|15|format=dmy}}{{Spaced en dash space}}{{dts|2024|7|17|format=dmy}})''
|Judge of [[Gauhati High Court|Gauhati HC]] ''(2011{{Spaced en dash space}}2013) Also from ({{dts|2018|10||format=dmy|abbr=on}}{{Spaced en dash space}}{{dts|2023|2||format=dmy|abbr=on}})''
|-
|Judge of [[Manipur High Court|Manipur HC]] ''(2013{{Spaced en dash space}}2018)''
|-
|[[Advocate general (India)|Advocate General]] of [[Manipur]] ''(2007{{Spaced en dash space}}2011)''
|-
! 25
|[[R. Mahadevan]]
|[[File:Justice R. Mahadevan.jpg|alt=|border|center|100x100px]]
|''40th CJI'' [[P. Sathasivam|Palanisamy Sathasivam]]
|[[Acting (law)|Acting]] CJ of [[Madras High Court|Madras HC]] ''({{dts|2024|5|24|format=dmy}}{{Spaced en dash space}}{{dts|2024|7|17|format=dmy}})''
| Judge of [[Madras High Court|Madras HC]] ''(2013{{Spaced en dash space}}2024)''
|-
! 26
|[[Manmohan (judge)|Manmohan]]
|[[File:Justice Manmohan.jpg|alt=|border|center|100x100px]]
| rowspan="3" |''51st CJI'' [[Sanjiv Khanna]]
|''37th CJI'' [[K. G. Balakrishnan|Konakuppakatil Gopinathan Balakrishnan]]
|[[List of former chief justices of the high courts of India#Delhi High Court|33rd CJ]] of [[Delhi High Court|Delhi HC]] ''({{dts|2024|9|29|format=dmy}}{{Spaced en dash space}}{{dts|2024|12|4|format=dmy}})''
|Judge of [[Delhi High Court|Delhi HC]] ''(2008''{{Spaced en dash space}}''2024)''
|-
! 27
|[[K. Vinod Chandran|Krishnan Vinod Chandran]]
|[[File:Justice_K._V._Chandran.jpg|alt=|border|center|100x100px]]
| rowspan="3" |''38th CJI'' [[S. H. Kapadia|Sarosh Homi Kapadia]]
|[[List of former chief justices of the high courts of India#Patna High Court|44th CJ]] of [[Patna High Court|Patna HC]] ''({{dts|2023|3|29|format=dmy}}{{Spaced en dash space}}{{dts|2025|1|15|format=dmy}})''
|Judge of [[Kerala High Court|Kerala HC]] ''(2011{{Spaced en dash space}}2023)''
|-
! 28
|[[Joymalya Bagchi]]
|[[File:Justice Joymalya Bagchi.jpg|alt=|border|center|124x124px]]
|Judge of [[Calcutta High Court|Calcutta HC]] ''({{dts|2021|11|8|format=dmy}}{{Spaced en dash space}}{{dts|2025|3|16|format=dmy}}) Also from ({{dts|2011|6||format=dmy|abbr=on}}{{Spaced en dash space}}{{dts|2021|1||format=dmy|abbr=on}})''
| Judge of [[Andhra Pradesh High Court|Andhra Pradesh HC]] ''(2021)''
|-
! 29
|[[Nilay Anjaria|Nilay Vipinchandra Anjaria]]
|[[File:Nilay Anjaria.jpg|alt=|border|center|124x124px]]
| rowspan="9" |''52nd CJI'' [[Bhushan Ramkrishna Gavai]]
|[[List of former chief justices of the high courts of India#Karnataka High Court|34th CJ]] of [[Karnataka High Court|Karnataka HC]] ''({{dts|2024|2|25|format=dmy}}{{Spaced en dash space}}{{dts|2025|5|29|format=dmy}})''
|Judge of [[Gujarat High Court|Gujarat HC]] ''(2011{{Spaced en dash space}}2024)''
|-
! 30
|[[Vijay Bishnoi]]
|[[File:Justice Vijay Bishnoi.jpg|alt=|border|center|124x124px]]
| rowspan="2" |''39th CJI'' [[Altamas Kabir]]
|[[List of former chief justices of the high courts of India#Gauhati High Court|42nd CJ]] of [[Gauhati High Court|Gauhati HC]] ''({{dts|2024|2|5|format=dmy}}{{Spaced en dash space}}{{dts|2025|5|29|format=dmy}})''
|Judge of [[Rajasthan High Court|Rajasthan HC]] ''(2013{{Spaced en dash space}}2024)''
|-
!31
|[[A. S. Chandurkar|Atul Sharachchandra Chandurkar]]
|[[File:Justice Atul Chandurkar.jpg|alt=|border|center|124x124px]]
| colspan="2" |Judge of [[Bombay High Court|Bombay HC]]
''({{dts|2013|06|21|format=dmy}}{{Spaced en dash space}}{{dts|2025|5|29|format=dmy}})''
|-
! rowspan="4" |32
| rowspan="4" |[[Alok Aradhe]]
| rowspan="4" |[[File:Alok Aradhe.jpg|alt=|border|center|124x124px]]
| rowspan="4" |''37th CJI'' [[K. G. Balakrishnan|Konakuppakatil Gopinathan Balakrishnan]]
| rowspan="4" |[[List of former chief justices of the high courts of India#Bombay High Court|48th CJ]] of [[Bombay High Court|Bombay HC]] ''({{dts|2025|1|21|format=dmy}}{{Spaced en dash space}}{{dts|2025|8|28|format=dmy}})''
|[[List of former chief justices of the high courts of India#Telangana High Court|6th CJ]] of Telangana HC ''({{dts|2023|7|23|format=dmy}}{{Spaced en dash space}}{{dts|2025|1|20|format=dmy}})''
|-
|Judge of [[Karnataka High Court|Karnataka HC]] ''(2018{{Spaced en dash space}}2023)''
|-
|Judge of [[High Court of Jammu & Kashmir and Ladakh|Jammu & Kashmir and Ladakh HC]] ''(2016{{Spaced en dash space}}2018)''
|-
|Judge of [[Madhya Pradesh High Court|Madhya Pradesh HC]] ''(2009{{Spaced en dash space}}2016)''
|-
! rowspan="2" |33
| rowspan="2" |[[Vipul Pancholi|Vipul Manubhai Pancholi]]
| rowspan="2" |[[File:Vipul Pancholi.jpg|alt=|border|center|124x124px]]
| rowspan="2" |''41st CJI'' [[Rajendra Mal Lodha]]
| rowspan="2" |[[List of former chief justices of the high courts of India#Patna High Court|45th CJ]] of [[Patna High Court|Patna HC]] ''({{dts|2025|7|21|format=dmy}}{{Spaced en dash space}}{{dts|2025|8|28|format=dmy}})''
|Judge of [[Patna High Court|Patna HC]] ''(2023{{Spaced en dash space}}2025)''
|-
|Judge of [[Gujarat High Court|Gujarat HC]] ''(2014{{Spaced en dash space}}2023)''
|-
|}

==See also==
* [[List of chief justices of India]]
* [[List of former judges of the Supreme Court of India]]
* [[List of female judges of the Supreme Court of India]]
* [[List of sitting judges of the high courts of India]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://api.sci.gov.in/chief-justice-judges List of Judges of the Supreme Court of India]
{{Sitting Judges of the Supreme Court of India}}
{{Judiciary of India}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Supreme Court of India, Judges, Sitting}}
[[Category:Supreme Court of India|Judges, Sitting]]
[[Category:Judiciary of India]]
[[Category:Lists of Indian judges|Supreme Court of India, Sitting]]
[[Category:Lists of supreme court justices|India, Sitting]]

Elephant Design

2026-03-23T06:15:08Z

Vilianawge: fixed issues

{{Short description|Design company in Pune, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2019}}
{{Infobox company
| name = Elephant Design
| type = Private
| industry = Design Firm, Consulting, Design Research, Innovation Strategy, Industrial Design, Interaction Design, Package Design, Retail Design, Branded Environments
| founded = 1989
| founder = Ashwini Deshpande, Partha Guha, Ashish Deshpande
| area_served = India, Japan, South East Asia, Middle East
| key_people = Anand Palsodkar, Design Director, Product Innovation

Kedar Parundekar, General Manager, Business Development & Brand Strategy
| owner = 5 Shareholders
| website = http://www.elephantdesign.com/
}}
'''Elephant Design Pvt. Ltd.''' is a [[Pune]] based strategic [[design]] & [[innovation]] consultancy, founded in 1989 by graduates from the [[National Institute of Design]]<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://www.nid.edu/|title=National Institute of Design|website=nid.edu|access-date=2018-10-18|archive-date=11 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190811191539/http://nid.edu/|url-status=live}}</ref> in [[India]].

Elephant has offices in India & Singapore.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.dsource.in/showcase/elephant-design/about|title=About|last=yogeshidc|date=2015-07-10|work=D'Source|access-date=2018-10-18|archive-date=22 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181022113349/http://www.dsource.in/showcase/elephant-design/about|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.designyatra.com/speaker/1050/|title=Ashwini Deshpande {{!}} Kyoorius Designyatra|website=designyatra.com|access-date=2018-10-18|archive-date=16 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180316162448/http://www.designyatra.com/speaker/1050/|url-status=live}}</ref> A team of about 65 people who are presently led by three co-founder directors: Ashwini Deshpande, Partho Guha and Ashish Deshpande.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.afaqs.com/interviews/index.html?id=588_Meet-the-Design-Mahouts|title=Meet the Design Mahouts|work=afaqs.com|access-date=2018-10-18|archive-date=22 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181022153140/http://www.afaqs.com/interviews/index.html?id=588_Meet-the-Design-Mahouts|url-status=live}}</ref> Over the three decades Elephant has been in Design business, it has impacted some of India's most popular brands.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://www.livemint.com/Politics/Vv747s5GTpDEHh8PQ1ehjM/India8217s-design-mavericks.html|title=India's design mavericks - Livemint|website=livemint.com|date=2 June 2010|access-date=2018-10-18|archive-date=22 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181022113253/https://www.livemint.com/Politics/Vv747s5GTpDEHh8PQ1ehjM/India8217s-design-mavericks.html|url-status=live}}</ref> The company represents India at the Design Alliance Asia <ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=http://www.tdaasia.com/|title=The Design Alliance Asia -|website=The Design Alliance Asia|access-date=2018-10-18|archive-date=19 April 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180419133740/http://www.tdaasia.com/|url-status=live}}</ref> as founding associates.<ref name=":3">{{Cite news|url=http://www.tdaasia.com/associates/|title=Associates - The Design Alliance Asia|work=The Design Alliance Asia|access-date=2018-10-18|archive-date=22 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181022153218/http://www.tdaasia.com/associates/|url-status=live}}</ref> Ashwini Deshpande is a part of the core group that steers the Design Alliance Consortium.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web|url=http://www.elephantdesign.com/our-story/|title=Our Story {{!}} Elephant Design+Strategy, India|website=Elephant Design|access-date=2018-10-18|archive-date=22 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181022113335/http://www.elephantdesign.com/our-story/|url-status=live}}</ref>

== History ==

=== 1983-1990: formative years ===
Elephant, was conceived on the staircase of the National Institute of Design<ref name=":0" /> campus, as a follow-up to a series of philosophical discussions following a 1988 Design Management module undertaken by the batch of 1983. In the events that ensued, a few from the batch got together to seriously put together a multi disciplinary design consulting firm on the Indian landscape at a time when design consulting practice was almost non-existent.<ref>{{Cite journal|title=Elephant Design|journal=Business World|date=22 Jan 2001}}</ref>[[File:ELE 7473.jpg|thumb|Elephant co-founders Partho Guha, Ashwini Deshpande and Ashish Deshpande]] The group graduated from NID<ref name=":0" /> on 14 April 1989<ref>{{Cite journal|title=The Designer Five go to work|journal=Business Today|date=22 July 1997}}</ref> and took an overnight bus to reach the city of Pune on 16 April 1989. Elephant began initial operations out of hostel trunks, largely thanks to generous help from several kind-hearted souls in Pune city, notable amongst them are Sandhya Potdar, Limaye & Bhamburkar families. Ashwini Deshpande, Partho Guha, Sudhir Sharma, Ashish Deshpande & Vineet Limaye were the first to reach Pune. Gargi Sharma (then Gargi Gupta, 1984 Batch) joined the team in Pune about a year later.

[[File:Elephant Design Old Office, Navi Peth 1990.jpg|thumb|Elephant Design Old Office, Navi Peth 1990|left]]

Elephant was registered on 2 May 1989, and began operating from a 10 ft. x 10 ft. Room, at 165, [[Shukrawar Peth, Pune|Shukrawar Peth]], Pune. The space belonged to Ashwini Deshpande's parents (then Ashwini Oak), where stood her ancestral Oak Wada. Initial work revolved around corporate communications and exhibitions. The firm was registered as Elephant, The Design Office. The initial offering was multi disciplinary owing to the different design specialization of the founders. Vineet Limaye specialized in furniture design, Ashwini Deshpande, exhibitions, Sudhir Sharma, visual communication, Partha Guha had specialized in films, Ashish Deshpande, product design and Gargi Sharma, it was animation.

January, 1990, the team moved from the Shukrawar Peth office to Ganjve Chowk, Navi Peth where they remained till 1995. Initial years were exploratory, work was sporadic and there were many afternoons spent playing [[Scotland Yard (board game)|Scotland Yard]]. Some notable work was done during this period for BASF Ltd. Germany,<ref>{{Cite journal|title=Calling Card|journal=Intelligent Entrepreneur|date=July 2013}}</ref> Gurjari, Dr. Beck & Co. and H&FS Magazine.<ref name=":5">{{Cite journal|title=Downturn brought attention to India potential|journal=Campaign India|volume=4|issue=6}}</ref>

=== 1991-2000: consolidation years ===
Vineet Limaye resigned from the firm in the year 1991–1992 to start his own practice. The first computer (ICIM 386 PC) was acquired at Elephant for CAD work which went obsolete within 6 months due to introduction of 486 PCs.

In 1994, the firm worked on the National Games’ signage system design. Elephant Design Pvt. Ltd., a private limited company was established in May, 1995. It was also the year, the company moved to its own premises at Pragati Complex, Kothrud Industrial Area, Pune.

=== 2001-2010: leadership years ===
Several notable trade fair pavilions were designed during this period for [[Bajaj Auto]], [[Kalyani Group]], TCS, DRDO, [[Maruti Suzuki]] and Thermax Ltd. Retail Merchandising standards were defined for Standard Chartered Bank, several P&G Brands and Service Standards for Bajaj Auto.<ref>{{Cite journal|title=You won't forget this Elephant|journal=Impact the Marketing, Advertising and Media Weekly}}</ref>  Gargi Sharma resigned from Elephant in 2003. 2004 saw Elephant work on a major identity revamp for Bajaj Auto.

This phase saw Elephant adding strategic value to projects and client businesses. Trade Mark Elephant Design was registered to reinforce the consulting offering. Bajaj Probiking stores, aligning different business brands with the new mother brand for Godrej Group along with visual language, award-winning Suzlon Global Headquarters Brand Experience,<ref>{{Cite news|title=City Co Designs Display Panel for RIL Refinery|date=12 January 2011|work=The Times of India}}</ref> Nissan India Car Project, Venky's Rebrand Program, Britannia Visual Language and the Commonwealth Youth Games 2008 design program<ref>{{Cite news|title=How Jigrr Was Born|date=8 October 2008|work=The Times of India}}</ref> were notable projects during this period.

India's leading business publication, [[The Economic Times]] Brand Equity ranked Elephant amongst the top 5 design agencies in 2008.

Sudhir Sharma's working association with Elephant ended in 2009. The year of 2009-2010 was a difficult year, due to global recession and the Indian economy reflecting a steep nosedive.<ref name=":5" />

By end of 2010, Elephant had expanded. An adjoining building was leased in Bavdhan, Pune to accommodate the growing team strength. Elephant invested in a Delhi-based communication agency, Brand Planet, thereby augmenting their operations in the Delhi area.

=== 2011-2018: transformative years ===
2011 saw Elephant foray into Singapore by forging association with Tandem Leap Pte. Ltd.

Internally, the team was streamlining its processes and employee structure. A detailed working program of Design Process was defined through internal workshops and Elephant shifted to a 5-day week working structure. This phase was devoted to articulating values at Elephant and aligning individual & institutional objectives to work. This period also saw, the leadership contributing extensively to thought leadership in Design, Design Thinking and Design Practice through lectures, talks, workshops, blogs and articles.

The decade saw some pointed work output at Elephant that provided strategic fillip to several businesses. The consulting team worked over retail design programs for CEAT Ltd., Sakaal Media Group's transformation,<ref>{{Cite news|title=The Newzine Face of Sakal and Sakal Times|date=5 May 2013|work=Sakal Times}}</ref> BharatBenz branding for Daimler Benz, almost the entire range of package design at Britannia and a new Retail program for [[Axis Bank]].

Brand refresh and product design work done for Nirlep Industries<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.exchange4media.com/advertising-news/after-27-yearsnirlep-revamps-again-39863.html|title=After 27 years, Nirlep revamps again|work=Indian Advertising Media & Marketing News – exchange4media|access-date=2018-10-29|archive-date=29 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181029152035/https://www.exchange4media.com/advertising-news/after-27-yearsnirlep-revamps-again-39863.html|url-status=live}}</ref> won the Designomics Award. Elephant team worked on the “Colours of Asia” Project with the Design Alliance Asia contributing extensively to research and design for Exhibition, research papers & workshops on colour. Ashwini Deshpande edited the now seminal Asian document published on colour book, Colours of Asia.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Colours of Asia : red yellow blue green black & white = Ya Zhou se cai : hong huang lan lü hei yu bai|last=Subrata.|first=Bhowmick|date=2012|publisher=The Design Alliance Asia Limited|others=Deshpande, Ashwini, 1965-, Ohmi, Gentarow., Tseng, Chi-Hsiung.|isbn=9789881212511|location=Hong Kong|oclc=846124190}}</ref> Work done for start up brand, Paperboat, went on to create product history with design helping the brand become one of top 10 buzziest brands in India by 2016.

In 2016, Elephant exited from Brand Planet and closed their Delhi office while continuing to work in the region.
== Influences ==
Early inspiration for the Design Consultancy is supposed to have stemmed from the German design firm Frog Design and the American Design firm, Pentagram. Later influences came from the Palo Alto design major IDEO, Boston based Continuum, and The Netherlands-based NPK Design.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Indo-Dutch firms' pact on design programme|work=DNA|date=12 February 2009}}</ref>

With Continuum and NPK, the relationship was based on mentoring and sharing that helped Elephant evolve as a scaled-up consultancy model.

== Present work ==
{{promotional|date=June 2022}}
Elephant Design provides integrated design solutions using Design Thinking to a multitude of Indian as well as International clients in a number of disciplines including; Product Development, Industrial Design, Package Design, User Experience, Design Strategy & Research, Brand Strategy, Retail Standards, Branded Spaces, Visual Communication and Digital Interaction Design.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2" />

== Teams ==
The firm employs over 65 people from Industrial Design, Visual Communication, Brand Strategy, Design Research, and Interaction Design, Mechanical Engineering & Manufacturing, Management and Interior Architects.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.elephantdesign.com/work|title=Team|website=elephantdesign.com|access-date=22 October 2018|archive-date=6 July 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230706085021/https://elephantdesign.com/work/brand-experience-design-agency|url-status=live}}</ref>

== Awards and recognition ==
Elephant Design has been named India's Number 1 Design Agency in (2014, 2017, 2018) in the Brand Equity Agency Reckoner published by The Economic Times, India.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.printweek.in/news/elephant-leads-indian-design-agencies-12935|title=Elephant leads Indian design agencies|website=printweek.in|access-date=2018-10-22|archive-date=16 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180316152202/http://www.printweek.in/news/elephant-leads-indian-design-agencies-12935|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://brandequity.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/advertising/be-agency-reckoner-2016-2017-top-10-design-firms/59245692|title=BE Agency Reckoner 2016-2017: Top 10 design firms - ET BrandEquity|last=www.ETBrandEquity.com|website=ETBrandEquity.com|access-date=2018-10-22|archive-date=16 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180316152529/https://brandequity.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/advertising/be-agency-reckoner-2016-2017-top-10-design-firms/59245692|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2018, they were awarded the Design House of the Year by Lexus India for their packaging work for PaperBoat's range of traditional drinks.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.lexusindia.co.in/en/discover-lexus/lexus-design-award-india.html#winners-2018|title=Lexus Design Award India {{!}} Lexus India|website=lexusindia.co.in|access-date=2018-10-22|archive-date=22 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181022153155/https://www.lexusindia.co.in/en/discover-lexus/lexus-design-award-india.html#winners-2018|url-status=live}}</ref>

In the space of retail design, they won two consecutive VMRD awards for Best Retail Design for QSR chains Venky's Xprs & Krustys Bistro. Their long-time partnership with Axis Bank was instrumental in getting them the CMO Asia Award for Impactful Retail & Merchandising Program.<ref name=":3" />

== Individual recognition and appointments ==
Partho Guha, National Artist, [[Lalit Kala Akademi]], 1996

Ashish Deshpande, Member, 2nd India Design Council, 2013-2016<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.tdaasia.com/ashish-deshpande/|title=Ashish Deshpande - The Design Alliance Asia|date=2015-09-10|work=The Design Alliance Asia|access-date=2018-10-22|archive-date=17 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180317035719/http://www.tdaasia.com/ashish-deshpande/|url-status=live}}</ref>

Ashish Deshpande, President, Association of Designers of India, 2016-2018<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.adi.org.in/adi-is/nec-members.html|title=ADI- NEC Members|website=adi.org.in|access-date=2018-10-22|archive-date=22 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181022153359/http://www.adi.org.in/adi-is/nec-members.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

Ashish Deshpande, Product Design Jury, Cannes Lions, 2016<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.adgully.com/cannes-lions-2017-what-indian-jury-members-are-looking-forward-to-72696.html|title=Cannes Lions 2017: What Indian jury members are looking forward to|access-date=2018-10-22|archive-date=16 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180316152918/https://www.adgully.com/cannes-lions-2017-what-indian-jury-members-are-looking-forward-to-72696.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

Ashish Deshpande, Independent Director, Symphony Ltd., 2017-onwards<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.symphonylimited.com/about-leadership-bod.aspx|title=Symphony Board of Directors|website=symphonylimited.com|access-date=2018-10-22|archive-date=22 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181022232512/https://www.symphonylimited.com/about-leadership-bod.aspx|url-status=live}}</ref>

Ashwini Deshpande, IMPACT 50 most influential women in media & advertising, 2014-2018<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://digital.impactonnet.com/764775/Impact/50-MOST-INFLUENTIAL-WOMEN-2016#page/57/1|title=exchange4media Group Impact dated Thu, 31 Mar 16|access-date=2018-10-22|archive-date=16 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180316152605/http://digital.impactonnet.com/764775/Impact/50-MOST-INFLUENTIAL-WOMEN-2016#page/57/1|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://pune365.com/puneite-ashwini-deshpande-top-50-influential-women-list/|title=Puneite Ashwini Deshpande in top 50 most influential women list {{!}} Pune365|date=2017-04-03|work=Pune365|access-date=2018-10-22|archive-date=22 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181022155053/https://pune365.com/puneite-ashwini-deshpande-top-50-influential-women-list/|url-status=live}}</ref>

Ashwini Deshpande, Spikes Asia Jury, Singapore, 2012<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.exchange4media.com/advertising-news/strong-indian-representation-in-spikes-asia-2012-jury-47709.html|title=Strong Indian representation in Spikes Asia 2012 jury|work=Indian Advertising Media & Marketing News – exchange4media|access-date=2018-10-22|archive-date=22 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181022153307/https://www.exchange4media.com/advertising-news/strong-indian-representation-in-spikes-asia-2012-jury-47709.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

Ashwini Deshpande, Graphic Design Jury, Cannes Lions, 2015<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://brandequity.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/advertising/roar-of-the-lion-ashwini-deshpande/47441251|title=Roar of the Lion: Ashwini Deshpande - ET BrandEquity|last=www.ETBrandEquity.com|website=ETBrandEquity.com|access-date=2018-10-22|archive-date=16 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180316152207/https://brandequity.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/advertising/roar-of-the-lion-ashwini-deshpande/47441251|url-status=live}}</ref>

Ashwini Deshpande, Design For Asia Jury, Hong Kong, 2018<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://dfaa.dfaawards.com/judging_detail/?id=vW8yYHDnudw|title=DFA Design for Asia Awards|website=dfaa.dfaawards.com|access-date=2018-10-22|archive-date=22 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181022155511/https://dfaa.dfaawards.com/judging_detail/?id=vW8yYHDnudw|url-status=live}}</ref>

Ashwini Deshpande, The Young Guns Jury, New York, 2018<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.campaignindia.in/article/ashwini-deshpande-on-the-one-club-jury-for-young-guns-16/444281|title=Ashwini Deshpande on The One Club jury for Young Guns 16|work=Campaign India|access-date=2018-10-22|archive-date=22 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181022193458/https://www.campaignindia.in/article/ashwini-deshpande-on-the-one-club-jury-for-young-guns-16/444281|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.oneclub.org/press/-young-guns-16-jury|title=Global Jury of 61 Creatives from 19 Countries Announced For Young Guns 16|website=oneclub.org|access-date=2018-10-22|archive-date=22 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181022232503/https://www.oneclub.org/press/-young-guns-16-jury|url-status=live}}</ref>

Mayuri Nikumbh, Impact 40 under 40 achievers in media advertising, 2018<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pressreader.com/india/impact/20180805/textview|title=PressReader - Impact: 2018-08-05|via=PressReader|access-date=2018-10-22|archive-date=22 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181022232517/https://www.pressreader.com/india/impact/20180805/textview|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.impactonnet.com/cover-story/impact-40-under-forty-the-go-getters-6088.html|title=IMPACT 40 UNDER FORTY: THE GO-GETTERS|work=Impact is weekly print magazine publishing information on Advertising and Ad Marketing news specifically targeted towards Agency & Business Managers.|access-date=2018-10-22|archive-date=22 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181022153225/https://www.impactonnet.com/cover-story/impact-40-under-forty-the-go-getters-6088.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

== Legacy and publications ==
Ashwini Deshpande writes a column about design in an Indian newspaper called [[Sakal]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.esakal.com/search|title={{!}} eSakal|language=mr|access-date=2018-10-22|archive-date=2 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190402174740/https://www.esakal.com/search|url-status=live}}</ref>

==References==
<references/>

==External links==
* {{official website|http://www.elephantdesign.com/}}

[[Category:Companies based in Pune]]
[[Category:Design companies of India]]
[[Category:Product design]]
[[Category:Design companies established in 1989]]
[[Category:Indian companies established in 1989]]
[[Category:1989 establishments in Maharashtra]]

Moazzam Jahi Market

2026-03-22T21:05:37Z

Vilianawge: updated page

{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2015}}
{{Infobox building
| name = Moazzam Jahi Market
| image = Hyderabad street corner (6118912024).jpg
| location_town = [[Hyderabad]]
| location_country = [[India]]
| coordinates = {{coord|17.384500|78.475052|display=title,inline}}
| construction_start_date = 1933
| completion_date = 1935
| architect = [[City Improvement Board]]
| cost = 4 lakh rupees<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Khalidi |first=Omar |title=A guide to architecture in Hyderabad, Deccan, India |date=2008 |publisher=Aga Khan Program for Islamic Architecture, MIT Libraries |pages=257 |oclc=233637198}}</ref>
| pushpin_map = India Hyderabad#India
| architectural_style = CIB/Osmanian
| namesake = [[Moazzam Jah]]
| material = [[Granite]]
}}

'''Moazzam Jahi Market''' is a historic market in [[Hyderabad, Telangana]], [[India]]. Built in the twentieth century, it is located at the crossroads of Jam Bagh, [[Begum Bazaar]], and Station Road.<ref name=":0" />

==History==
The Moazzam Jahi market was constructed in the period 1933-1935,<ref name=":0" /> during the reign of [[Mir Osman Ali Khan]]. It was conceived and implemented by the [[City Improvement Board]] (CIB), which was founded in 1912 by Osman Ali Khan for the development of Hyderabad. This was one of several projects undertaken by the Board as part of an urban renewal.<ref name=":1">{{Citation |last=Naik |first=Anuradha S. |title=Back into the future: The city improvement board of Hyderabad |date=2018-05-01 |work=Cities’ Identity Through Architecture and Arts |pages=221–228 |place=London |publisher=Routledge |doi=10.1201/9781315166551-21 |isbn=978-1-315-16655-1|doi-access=free }}</ref> The market was named after prince [[Moazzam Jah]], second son of Osman Ali Khan and president of the CIB.<ref name=":2">{{Cite book |last=Sohoni |first=Pushkar |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=V7iqEAAAQBAJ |title=Taming the Oriental bazaar : architecture of the market-halls of colonial India. |date=2022 |isbn=978-1-000-78917-1 |location=Abingdon, Oxon |pages=22–23 |oclc=1368338052}}</ref> The intention behind the market was to provide a commercial space in the area between [[Hyderabad Railway Station]] and the [[British Residency, Hyderabad|Residency]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Beverley |first=Eric Lewis |date=2013-09-01 |title=Urbanist Expansions: Planner-Technocrats, Patrimonial Ethics and State Development in Hyderabad |url=https://doi.org/10.1080/00856401.2013.821050 |journal=South Asia: Journal of South Asian Studies |volume=36 |issue=3 |pages=388–389 |doi=10.1080/00856401.2013.821050 |s2cid=143797312 |issn=0085-6401|url-access=subscription }}</ref> At the time, the primary market of Hyderabad was still [[Mir Alam Mandi]], located in an older, more congested part of the city.<ref name=":2" />

The building was intended to function as a fruit market, but in practice sold a variety of other produce and goods as well. In the 1980s, the building's fruit market was shifted to the [[Kothapet fruit market]].<ref name=":2" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Jain |first=Rupam |date=2011-12-15 |title=Moazzam Jahi market is not just a bazaar - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/Moazzam-Jahi-market-is-not-just-a-bazaar/articleshow/11107594.cms |access-date=2019-01-28 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref>

==Modern era==
In recent years, Moazzam Jahi Market underwent an extensive heritage restoration to revive its original architectural character. The triangular granite structure, constructed between 1933 and 1935 and spread over 1.77 acres, had suffered from deterioration due to water seepage, rusted beams, and encroachments.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2020-08-15 |title=Moazzam Jahi market gets its glory back, to open today |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/moazzam-jahi-market-gets-its-glory-back-to-open-today/articleshow/77554882.cms? |access-date=2025-11-03 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

The restoration work, undertaken by the Greater Hyderabad Municipal Corporation (GHMC) in coordination with the Municipal Administration & Urban Development Department, Telangana (MA&UD) and conservation architects, included replacement of damaged iron beams, removal of non-original paint layers to expose the granite façade, repairs to the clock tower and finials, and installation of storm-water drainage to prevent flooding. [[File:Hyderabad, mozamjahi market 02.jpg|thumb|Moazzam Jahi Market at Night]]A new flag-post was erected in the central courtyard of the market as part of the restoration, adding a visible symbol of civic pride.

Following the restoration, the market was formally reopened to the public on 15 August 2020.

Since reopening, the market again houses its well-known handmade ice-cream shops — ''Famous Ice Cream'', ''Gafoor'', and ''Bilal'' — and continues to function as a retail hub for fruits, vegetables, groceries and local produce.

The flag-post, with the national tricolour hoisted on a tall pole, is now a focal point in the courtyard and contributes to the market’s role as both a commercial venue and a heritage public space. For example, a 100 ft-tall flag-pole was reported during celebrations.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Adnan |first=Minhaj |date=2020-01-27 |title=Tricolour hoisted on 100-feet-tall pole in Moazzam Jahi market |url=https://archive.siasat.com/news/tricolour-hoisted-100-feet-tall-pole-moazzam-jahi-market-1806453/ |access-date=2025-11-03 |website=The Siasat Daily – Archive |language=en-GB}}</ref>

As part of its revival as a heritage precinct, the market has improved pedestrian access, heritage lighting and interpretation panels, and the state government envisions repurposing parts of the courtyard for cultural events, heritage walks and tourism-oriented activities.

Although the market’s primary role evolved over time (for example, the flower market that was once part of it moved elsewhere in 2009), the renewed focus on heritage, public amenity and visual identity including the prominent flag-post underscores Moazzam Jahi Market’s continuing significance in Hyderabad’s urban fabric.<ref>{{Cite web |title= |website=[[International Business Times]] |url=https://www.ibtimes.co.in/hyderabad-moazzam-jahi-market-new-avatar-unveiling-independence-day-826398?}}</ref>

== Architecture ==
The Moazzam Jahi Market is constructed primarily from locally quarried granite and arranged around a triangular layout with a central courtyard. Its design features arched corridors, colonnaded verandahs, and a large central dome that dominates the skyline. The building’s stone masonry and restrained ornamentation were intended to create both durability and visual harmony with Hyderabad’s surrounding civic structures built in the early 20th century.
[[File:Mozamjahi Market, Nampally, Hyderabad.jpg|thumb|Moazzam Jahi Market Dome]]
The market exemplifies the “CIB” or “Osmanian” architectural style, a distinctive idiom developed by the City Improvement Board (CIB) during the reign of [[Mir Osman Ali Khan]]. This style sought to project a sense of modernity and secularism while drawing inspiration from earlier regional forms, including [[Kakatiya dynasty|Kakatiya]] temple architecture, [[Qutb Shahi architecture|Qutb Shahi]] arches and domes, Mughal decorative motifs, and [[Asaf Jahi dynasty|Asaf Jahi]] proportions. The result is a blend of [[Indo-Islamic architecture|Indo-Islamic]] and local Deccani influences expressed through robust stonework and balanced symmetry, making the market one of the finest surviving examples of Osmanian civic architecture in Hyderabad.<ref name=":1" />

==See also==
*[[Moazzam Jah|Prince Moazzam Jah]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Neighborhoods of Hyderabad|state=collapsed}}

{{Hyderabad topics}}

[[Category:Neighbourhoods in Hyderabad, India]]
[[Category:Retail markets in Hyderabad, India]]

{{Hyderabad-geo-stub}}
[[Category:1935 establishments in India]]
[[Category:Heritage structures in Hyderabad, India]]

Pattiyal

2026-03-18T21:17:10Z

Vilianawge: small changes

{{Use Indian English|date=July 2024}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2024}}
{{Infobox film
| image = Pattiyal.jpg
| caption = DVD cover
| director = [[Vishnuvardhan (director)|Vishnuvardhan]]
| writer = Rajkannan '''(Dialogue)'''
| screenplay = Vishnuvardhan
| starring = [[Bharath (actor)|Bharath]] [[Arya (actor)|Arya]] [[Pooja Umashankar|Pooja]] [[Padmapriya Janakiraman|Padmapriya]]
| producer = [[Punnagai Poo Gheetha]]
| music = [[Yuvan Shankar Raja]]
| cinematography = [[Nirav Shah]]
| editing = [[A. Sreekar Prasad]]
| studio = SG Films
| distributor = SG Films
| released = {{Film date|2006|03|17|df=yes}}
| country = India
| runtime = 140 minutes
| language = Tamil
| budget = 
| gross = 
}}

'''''Pattiyal''''' ({{translation|List}}) is a 2006 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[action thriller]] film written and directed by [[Vishnuvardhan (director)|Vishnuvardhan]] and produced by [[Punnagai Poo Gheetha]]. It stars [[Bharath (actor)|Bharath]], [[Arya (actor)|Arya]], [[Pooja Umashankar]], and [[Padmapriya Janakiraman]] while [[Cochin Haneefa]] and [[Santhana Bharathi]] play pivotal roles. The film tackles the issue of dons and was based on the 1999 [[Thai language|Thai]] film [[Bangkok Dangerous (1999 film)|''Bangkok Dangerous'']].<ref>{{Cite web |date=7 March 2016 |title=சுட்ட படம் |url=https://cinema.vikatan.com/kollywood/116698-sutta-padam-bangkok-dangerous-%E2%80%98pattiyal |url-access=subscription |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240719014746/https://cinema.vikatan.com/kollywood/116698-sutta-padam-bangkok-dangerous-%E2%80%98pattiyal |archive-date=19 July 2024 |access-date=18 July 2024 |website=[[Cinema Vikatan]] |language=Ta}}</ref>

The film's score and soundtrack are composed by [[Yuvan Shankar Raja]] with cinematography by [[Nirav Shah]] and editing by [[A. Sreekar Prasad]]. It was released on 17 March 2006 and became a commercial success.{{citation needed|date=December 2023}}

== Plot ==

Kosi and Selva are [[contract killer]]s working for a middleman with the ironic name, Sami who also works as a government employee and is known to use the dialogue "Koduthu Vachavanga da neenga" when he is talking to the boys. Director Vishnuvardan portrays this morbid telling of two orphaned youths who have been friends from a very young age with incredible realism of trust, friendship, and ultimate betrayal. Kosi is an unblinking man with a stubborn feel for life, refusing to love and be loved. He only cares about himself and Selva, who is deaf and dumb, is also equally intrepid, although he has a heart ticking beneath the dark, dire exterior. The duo spend their time watching movies, smoking cigarettes, and playing football when they are not working and Kosi is known to drink a lot a trait which Selva doesn't share.

Saroja, a salesgirl at a garment company, is an outgoing, sprightly girl and a friend of both Kosi and Selva. She is deeply in love with Kosi, but the latter only finds her presence as a nuisance, whereas Saroja's chief manager Azhagu stubbornly tries to make Saroja fall in love with him even though she does not like him and even slaps him when he starts making lewd comments to her. In stark contrast to this romance is the love between Selva and Sandhya who are smitten with each other after some fate-based encounters that bring some lighthearted humor to the film in which Selva introduces Sandhya to Kosi and Saroja.

Kosi and Selva are given more assignments by Saami as the film progresses and Saami even gives them a gun to finish their targets henceforward which Kosi is initially against using as he prefers to use the knife and [[Aruval]] which they usually use to kill their targets. Kosi and Selva then use the gun to kill their targets henceforward after spending time practicing on how to use it. Saami then instructs the duo to assassinate Avinashi Nachimuthu Gounder, a business tycoon and uprising politician. They mutually agree to make this assignment their last to begin leading normal lives. A new twist occurs when the people who hired Saami tell him to finish off Kosi and Selva once the job is completed. Kosi and Saroja end up sleeping together when Kosi begins to drink excessively, promptly making him start to realise his feelings for Saroja. Unfortunately, this newfound happiness does not last as their profession does not allow it even though the duo decided to make this assignment their last to begin a new life with their newfound loves Saroja and Sandhya, respectively.

Upon preparing for the assassination, Kosi becomes unable to think as he finds himself overwhelmed with feelings of love. Selva decides that he should finish the execution himself and Kosi should speak with Saroja. Kosi visits Saroja outside her home where he finds her shivering and with bruises. Saroja then tells Kosi how her chief manager Azhagu intruded on the house and sexually violated her after she refused to love him. Infuriated at this, an emotionally shaken Kosi finds Azhagu in a public restroom and engages in a duel with him before finally beating him up to a horrific death by throwing a urinal on his face. Meanwhile, Selva had cunningly assassinated Gounder and his concubine using the gun with help of Saami's assistants Neelan and Murugan and is returning home. The manager' Azhagu's s boss and father in law Rana, who happens to be a big don himself, finds out Kosi is the one responsible for Azhagu's death and seeks out revenge. He gets hold of Saami through his henchmen and blackmails him to bring Kosi to him for his life. Unknowingly, Kosi goes with Saami and is killed in the ambush by a gunshot to his head by Rana himself as Kosi managed to defeat Rana's henchman and even kills a few of them before dying.

Selva who returns later finds out about this unfortunate event and seeks revenge. He visits Saroja and questions her about Kosi's murder and the people responsible. He also writes a letter to Sandhya who begins to not talk to him after an incident(before the death of Kosi) involving Selva using his gun to save himself and Sandhya from the clutches of a group of henchmen(whom were actually Rana's henchmen who tried to kill Kosi and Selva earlier in the movie when they killed the associates of Rana whilst working for Saami, even though Rana or neither Selva and Kosi did not clearly see each other during the incident) about how he feels about her and how he is lonely now after Kosi is gone. He then intrudes on Rana's house and kills most of his henchmen in his way, and eventually Rana himself by stabbing him with a glass after beating him up several times avenging Kosi's death. When Selva returns home, Sandhya rushes to see him and is shocked to see him with injuries. She tells him to wait by the door while she goes to call for an [[auto rickshaw]] to get them both to the hospital. Meanwhile, Sappa(the irritating boy who works as the server at the restaurant where Kosi and Selva used to meet up with Saami kept begging especially Kosi to introduce him to Saami for a job even though he did not know what kind of job they had) stabs Selva outside his home in the same approach as Selva did to an unknown man in the introduction scene in a hotel room. Sappa still recovering from the shock that he actually stabbed Selva stabs him again multiple times and pours sand on him and runs away when he sees Sandhya rushing towards Selva. Selva begins regretting his actions as the contract killer and thinks of the good times he spent with Kosi, Sandhya, and Saroja as he falls and dies from multiple wounds with Sandhya by his side who cries in despair.

In the scene before the credits, it is shown that Saami is having a chat with Sappa who committed the murder after Selva's death at the restaurant where he used to meet up with Kosi and Selva. It is also revealed in this scene that it was Saami who ordered Sappa to kill Selva in the first place and that he should pour sand on the part where he stabbed Selva so that he will be dead before the doctors can clean his wounds. Sappa requests Saami to not kill him like how he killed off Kosi and Selva. The scene is shown as a deja-vu where Saami convinces Kosi and Selva that they are all part of this scheme together. Saami uses the same dialogue "ore team, Koduthu Vachavan da nee" with the boy to convince him that he and Saami are part of the same team, letting the audience connect that the boy will be killed too.

== Cast ==
{{Cast listing|* [[Bharath (actor)|Bharath]] as Selva
* [[Arya (actor)|Arya]] as Kosi
* [[Pooja Umashankar|Pooja]] as Sandhya
* [[Padmapriya Janakiraman]] as Saroja
* [[Cochin Haneefa]] as Saami
* [[Santhana Bharathi]] as Avinashi Nachimuthu Gounder, the victim Selva kills
* [[Gowtham Sundararajan]] as Azhagu
* [[Five Star Krishna|Krishna]] as Krishna, Selva's favorite actor
* [[Vatsala Rajagopal]] as Sandhya's grandmother
* [[Aarthi (actress)|Aarthi]] as Aarthi, Sandhya's friend
* Dileepan as Sappa, the boy who kept asking Selva, Kosi, and Saami for a job and eventually becomes Selva and Kosi's successor
* Mohan Natrajan as Don Rana
* [[Punnagai Poo Gheetha]] as the politician's wife (cameo appearance)
}}

==Production==
After ''[[Arindhum Ariyamalum]]'' (2005), Vishnuvardhan decided to make a film on gangsters of Chennai and he spoke to "real hired killers" for a month. To make it emotional, he decided on the theme of "two orphans on the street" as main theme. The inspiration for Bharath's character was from an undisclosed Asian film while Arya's character was based on a real-life person.<ref name="red">{{Cite web |date=24 March 2006 |title=Pattiyal: Toast of the town |url=http://specials.rediff.com/movies/2006/mar/24slide5.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240125131157/http://specials.rediff.com/movies/2006/mar/24slide5.htm |archive-date=25 January 2024 |access-date=16 July 2024 |website=[[Rediff.com]] |page=5 |language=en}}</ref> The filming was held at [[Chennai]], [[Goa]], [[Pondicherry]] and [[Coimbatore]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mannath |first=Malini |date=8 March 2006 |title=Pattiyal |url=http://www.chennaionline.com/film/Onlocation/2006/03pattiyal.asp |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061015011123/http://www.chennaionline.com/film/Onlocation/2006/03pattiyal.asp |archive-date=15 October 2006 |access-date=16 July 2024 |website=Chennai Online |language=en}}</ref>

== Soundtrack ==
The soundtrack was composed by Vishnuvardhan's norm composer [[Yuvan Shankar Raja]]. It features 6 tracks overall with lyrics by [[Pa. Vijay]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Pattiyal (2006) |url=https://www.raaga.com/tamil/movie/pattiyal-songs-T0000788 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231226042923/https://www.raaga.com/tamil/movie/pattiyal-songs-T0000788 |archive-date=26 December 2023 |access-date=26 December 2023 |website=[[Raaga.com]] |language=en}}</ref> The interlude from the song "Aadaludan Paadalai Ketu" from ''[[Kudiyirundha Koyil]]'' (1968) composed by [[M. S. Viswanathan]] was re-used in the song "Namma Kattula Mazhai Peiyuthu" which was sung by Yuvan's father [[Ilaiyaraaja]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=நரேன் |date=26 March 2009 |title=ரீமிக்ஸ் – நல்ல இசையின் வறட்சி ?! |url=https://www.nilacharal.com/%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B8%E0%AF%8D-%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B2-%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D-%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%B1/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250527215515/https://www.nilacharal.com/%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B8%E0%AF%8D-%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B2-%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D-%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%B1/ |archive-date=27 May 2025 |access-date=26 December 2024 |website=Nilacharal |language=Ta}}</ref> The song "Poga Poga Boomi Virikirathe" proved a breakthrough for singer [[Vijay Yesudas]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Parthasarathy |first=Anusha |date=3 May 2011 |title=On the right track |url=http://www.thehindu.com/arts/music/article1988211.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121024234613/http://www.thehindu.com/arts/music/article1988211.ece |archive-date=24 October 2012 |access-date=3 May 2011 |work=[[The Hindu]] |language=en}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;"
! Song !! Singer(s)!! Duration
|-
| "Dei Namma Melam" || [[Vijay Yesudas]] || 3:36
|-
| "Yedhedo Ennangal Vandhu" || Yuvan Shankar Raja, [[Shweta Mohan]] || 4:16
|-
| "Kannai Vittu Kann Imaigal" || Yuvan || 2:26
|-
| "Namma Kattula Mazhai Peiyuthu" || [[Ilaiyaraaja]], [[Roshini (singer)|Roshini]] || 3:54
|-
| "Kannai Vittu Kann Imaigal (Remix)" || Yuvan Shankar Raja, [[Premji Amaran]] || 3:25
|-
| "Poga Poga Boomi Virikirathe" || [[Haricharan]], [[Vijay Yesudas]], [[Saindhavi]], Harini Sudhakar || 4:42
|}

== Reception ==
S. Sudha of ''[[Rediff.com]]'' wrote, "In his third film ''Pattiyal,'' [Vishnuvardhan] proves that apart from writing a good screenplay, he can make a technically superior film".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sudha |first=S |date=20 March 2006 |title=Pattiyal: A neat entertainer |url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/2006/mar/20pat.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220813094759/https://www.rediff.com/movies/2006/mar/20pat.htm |archive-date=13 August 2022 |access-date=26 December 2023 |website=[[Rediff.com]] |language=en}}</ref> Lajjavathi of ''[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]]'' praised the music, art direction, cinematography and stunt choreography and concluded praising the climax for stressing on the message of violence never pays and applauding Vishnuvardhan for taking to the new route of Tamil cinema.<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=லஜ்ஜாவதி |date=2 April 2006 |title=பட்டியல் |url=https://archive.org/details/kalki2006-04-02/page/n1/mode/2up |access-date=14 March 2024 |magazine=[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]] |page=1 |language=ta |via=[[Internet Archive]]}}</ref> The film was a commercial success,<ref>{{Cite web |date=1 January 2007 |title=2006- Hits & Misses! (Tamil) |url=http://www.naachgaana.com/2007/01/01/2006-hits-misses-tamil/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150216180255/http://www.naachgaana.com/2007/01/01/2006-hits-misses-tamil/ |archive-date=16 February 2015 |access-date=16 February 2015 |website=Naachgaana |language=en}}</ref> grossing {{INR}}11 crore at the box office.<ref>{{Cite web |date=30 March 2006 |title=A money spinner! |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/a-money-spinner-news-tamil-kkfvopjhegi.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121006120344/http://www.sify.com/movies/a-money-spinner-news-tamil-kkfvopjhegi.html |archive-date=6 October 2012 |access-date=26 December 2023 |website=[[Sify]] |language=en}}</ref> Yuvan Shankar Raja won the [[Tamil Nadu State Film Award for Best Music Director]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=6 September 2007 |title=State Awards for the year 2006 – Govt. of Tamil Nadu |url=http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/tamil/article/33425.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070908230828/http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/tamil/article/33425.html |archive-date=8 September 2007 |access-date=26 December 2023 |website=IndiaGlitz |language=en}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title}}

{{Vishnuvardhan (director)}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:2000s crime action films]]
[[Category:2006 action thriller films]]
[[Category:2006 crime thriller films]]
[[Category:2006 films]]
[[Category:2006 Indian films]]
[[Category:2006 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:Films about assassinations]]
[[Category:Films about contract killing in India]]
[[Category:Films about deaf people]]
[[Category:Films directed by Vishnuvardhan (director)]]
[[Category:Films scored by Yuvan Shankar Raja]]
[[Category:Films set in Chennai]]
[[Category:Films shot in Chennai]]
[[Category:Films shot in Coimbatore]]
[[Category:Films shot in Goa]]
[[Category:Films shot in Puducherry]]
[[Category:Indian action thriller films]]
[[Category:Indian crime action films]]
[[Category:Indian crime thriller films]]
[[Category:Indian films based on actual events]]
[[Category:Indian remakes of Thai films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language crime action films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]

List of districts of Odisha

2026-03-15T21:24:26Z

Vilianawge: revise

{{Short description|None}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2016}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2016}}
{{Infobox subdivision type
| name = Districts of Odisha
| map = Odisha districts map.svg
| caption = Odisha Political Map
| category = [[Districts of Odisha|Districts]]
| territory = [[Odisha]]
| start_date =
| current_number = 30 districts
| number_date =
| population_range = [[Debagarh district|Debagarh]] – 3,12,520 (lowest);
[[Ganjam district|Ganjam]] – 35,29,031 (highest)
| area_range = [[Mayurbhanj district|Mayurbhanj]] –
{{Convert|10,418|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}} (largest); [[Jagatsinghpur district|Jagatsinghpur]] – {{Convert|1,759|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}} (smallest)
| government = [[Government of Odisha]]
| subdivision = [[List of tahsils in Odisha|Sub-Divisions, Tahasils]]
}}
Odisha, a [[States and union territories of India|state]] on the [[East India|eastern]] coast of [[India]], is divided into 30 administrative geographical units called ''[[List of districts in India|districts]]''.<ref name=":0">{{cite web|title=Districts of Odisha|url=http://orissa.gov.in/portal/dist.asp|work=Official Portal|publisher=Government of Odisha|access-date=4 January 2013|location=Bhubaneswar}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://dolr.nic.in/Hyperlink/distlistnew.htm#orissa|title=Districts of Orissa|access-date=13 January 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120116131947/http://dolr.nic.in/Hyperlink/distlistnew.htm#orissa|archive-date=16 January 2012}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://orissa.gov.in/e-magazine/orissaannualreference/OR-Annual-2009/pdf/587-593.pdf |title=List of Districts |access-date=13 January 2012}}</ref> These 30 districts have been placed under three different revenue divisions to streamline their governance. The divisions are Central, North and South with their headquarters at [[Cuttack]] (''Central Division''), [[Sambalpur]] (''Northern Division''), [[Berhampur]] (''Southern Division'') respectively. Each division consists of 10 districts, and has as its administrative head a [[Divisional commissioner (India)|Revenue Divisional Commissioner (RDC)]], a senior rank officer of [[Indian Administrative Service]]. The position of the ''RDC'' in the administrative hierarchy is that between that of the district administration and the state secretariat. Each ''District'' is governed by a ''Collector'' & ''District Magistrate'', who is appointed from the [[Indian Administrative Service]]. The Collector & District Magistrate is responsible for collecting the revenue and maintaining law and order in the district. Each District is separated into ''Sub-Divisions'', each governed by a ''Sub-Collector'' & ''Sub-Divisional Magistrate''. The Sub-Divisions are further divided into [[Tehsil|Tahasils]]. The ''Tahasils'' are headed by ''Tahasildar''. [[Odisha]] has 03 ''Divisions'', 30 ''Districts'', 58 ''Sub-Divisions'', 317 ''[[Tehsil|Tahasils]]'' and 314 ''Blocks''.

==History==

On 1 April 1936, when Odisha state was created, it had 6 districts - Cuttack, Puri, Balasore, Sambalpur, Koraput, and Ganjam. Later, 7 more districts were created - Balangir, Dhenkanal, Keonjhar, Kalahandi, Mayurbhanj, Phulbani (presently renamed to Kandhamal), and Sundargarh.<ref name=newht>[https://odishabytes.com/31-demands-on-table-odisha-govt-seeks-proposals-for-new-districts/ 31 Demands On Table, Odisha Govt Seeks Proposals For New Districts], odishabytes.com, 19 Feb 2026.</ref>

In 1993, 17 more districts were created, bringing the total to 30.<ref name=newht/>

== List of districts by divisions ==
[[File:Odisha districts map.svg|thumb|400x400px|Map of districts of Odisha. {{Legend|darkblue|Northern Division}}{{Legend|gold|Central Division}}{{Legend|maroon|Southern Division}}]]

The districts of Odisha have been placed under three different revenue divisions to streamline their governance. The divisions are Central, North and South with their headquarters at [[Cuttack]] (''Central Division''), [[Sambalpur]] (''Northern Division''), [[Berhampur]] (''Southern Division'') respectively. Each division consists of 10 districts, and has as its administrative head a [[Divisional commissioner (India)|Revenue Divisional Commissioner (RDC)]], a senior rank officer of [[Indian Administrative Service]]. The position of the ''RDC'' in the administrative hierarchy is that between that of the district administration and the state secretariat. The list of districts, organized by divisions:
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!Northern Division (HQ – Sambalpur)
!Central Division (HQ – Cuttack)
!Southern Division (HQ – Berhampur)
|-
|
* [[Angul district|Angul]]
* [[Balangir district|Balangir]]
* [[Bargarh district|Bargarh]]
* [[Deogarh district|Deogarh]]
* [[Dhenkanal district|Dhenkanal]]
* [[Jharsuguda district|Jharsuguda]]
* [[Keonjhar district|Kendujhar]]
* [[Sambalpur district|Sambalpur]]
* [[Subarnapur district|Subarnapur]]
* [[Sundargarh district|Sundargarh]]
|
* [[Balasore district|Balasore]]
* [[Bhadrak district|Bhadrak]]
* [[Cuttack district|Cuttack]]
* [[Jagatsinghpur district|Jagatsinghpur]]
* [[Jajpur district|Jajpur]]
* [[Kendrapada district|Kendrapada]]
* [[Khordha district|Khordha]]
* [[Mayurbhanj district|Mayurbhanj]]
* [[Nayagarh district|Nayagarh]]
* [[Puri district|Puri]]
|
* [[Boudh district|Boudh]]
* [[Gajapati district|Gajapati]]
* [[Ganjam district|Ganjam]]
* [[Kalahandi district|Kalahandi]]
* [[Kandhamal district|Kandhamal]]
* [[Koraput district|Koraput]]
* [[Malkangiri district|Malkangiri]]
* [[Nabarangpur district|Nabarangpur]]
* [[Nuapada district|Nuapada]]
* [[Rayagada district|Rayagada]]
|}

==Administration==
Collector & District Magistrate is an [[Indian Administrative Service]] (IAS) Officer in charge of revenue collection and administration of a district and Superintendent of Police (SP), an officer of [[Indian Police Service]] (IPS) is responsible for maintaining law and order and related issues of a district in [[Odisha]].

==Districts==
There are 30 districts in Odisha. Mayurbhanj is the largest district and Jagatsinghpur is the smallest district by area. Ganjam is the largest district and Deogarh is the smallest district by population in [[Odisha]]. [[Bhubaneswar]], the capital city of Odisha is located in Khordha district. The area and population of the 30 districts are given below:<ref name="AdminUnit">{{cite web |title=Administrative Unit |url=http://odisha.gov.in/ |publisher=Revenue & Disaster Management Department, Government of Odisha |access-date=27 March 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130821033240/http://www.odisha.gov.in/revenue/web/AdministrativeUnit.asp?GL=2 |archive-date=21 August 2013 }}</ref><ref>The Office of Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India.</ref>
{{static row numbers}}{{sticky header}}
{| class="wikitable sortable static-row-numbers sticky-header"
|- class="static-row-header"
!Districts
!Headquarters
!Formation Day<ref name=":0" />
!Population (2011 Census<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.census2011.co.in/census/state/districtlist/orissa.html|title=List of districts of Orissa|website=census2011.co.in}}</ref>)
!Area (km2)
!Density in 2011 (/km2)
!Map
|-
|[[Angul district|Angul]] || [[Angul]]
|01-April-1993|| align="right" | 1,273,821 ||align="right"| 6,375 ||align="right"| 200
|[[File:Angul in Odisha (India).svg|175x175px]]
|-
|[[Balangir district|Balangir]] || [[Balangir]]
|01-November-1949|| align="right" | 1,648,997 || align="right" | 6,575 || align="right" | 251
|[[File:India Odisha Balangir district.svg|175x175px]]
|-
|[[Balasore district|Balasore]]|| [[Balasore]]
|23-October-1828|| align="right" | 2,320,529 || align="right" | 3,634 || align="right" | 638
|[[File:India Odisha Balasore district.svg|175x175px]]
|-
|[[Bargarh district|Bargarh]] || [[Bargarh]]
|01-April-1993|| align="right" | 1,481,255 || align="right" | 5,837 || align="right" | 254
|[[File:India Odisha Bargarh district.svg|175x175px]]
|-
|[[Bhadrak district|Bhadrak]]|| [[Bhadrak]]
|01-April-1993|| align="right" |1,506,337|| align="right" |2,505|| align="right" |601
|[[File:India Odisha Bhadrak district.svg|175x175px]]
|-
|[[Boudh district|Boudh]] || [[Boudh]]
|02-January-1994|| align="right" | 441,162 ||align="right"| 3444.8 ||align="right"| 128
|[[File:India Odisha Boudh district.svg|175x175px]]
|-
|[[Cuttack district|Cuttack]]|| [[Cuttack]]
|23-October-1828 || align="right" | 2,624,470 || align="right" | 3,932 || align="right" | 667
|[[File:India Odisha Cuttack district.svg|175x175px]]
|-
|[[Deogarh district|Debagarh]]|| [[Debagarh]]
|01-January-1994|| align="right" | 312,520 || align="right" | 2,782 || align="right" | 112
|[[File:India Odisha Debagarh district.svg|175x175px]]
|-
|[[Dhenkanal district|Dhenkanal]]|| [[Dhenkanal (City)|Dhenkanal]]
|01-January-1948|| align="right" | 1,192,811 || align="right" | 4,452 || align="right" | 268
|[[File:Dhenkanal in Odisha (India).svg|175x175px]]
|-
|[[Gajapati district|Gajapati]]|| [[Paralakhemundi]]
|02-October-1992|| align="right" | 577,817 || align="right" | 3,850 || align="right" | 150
|[[File:India Odisha Gajapati district.svg|175x175px]]
|-
|[[Ganjam district|Ganjam]]|| [[Chhatrapur]]
|01-April-1936 || align="right" | 3,529,031 || align="right" | 8,206 || align="right" | 430
|[[File:India Odisha Ganjam district.svg|175x175px]]
|-
|[[Jagatsinghpur district|Jagatsinghapur]]|| [[Jagatsinghpur|Jagatsinghapur]]
|01-April-1993|| align="right" | 1,136,971 || align="right" | 1,759 || align="right" | 646
|[[File:India Odisha Jagatsinghpur district.svg|175x175px]]
|-
|[[Jajpur district|Jajpur]]|| [[Jajpur]]
|01-April-1993|| align="right" | 1,827,192 || align="right" | 2887.69 || align="right" | 633
|[[File:India Odisha Jajpur district.svg|175x175px]]
|-
|[[Jharsuguda district|Jharsuguda]]|| [[Jharsuguda]]
|01-January-1994|| align="right" | 579,505 || align="right" | 2,081 || align="right" | 278
|[[File:Jharsuguda in Odisha (India).svg|175x175px]]
|-
|[[Kalahandi district|Kalahandi]]|| [[Bhawanipatna]]
|01-January-1948|| align="right" | 1,576,869 || align="right" | 7,920 || align="right" | 199
|[[File:Kalahandi in Odisha (India).svg|175x175px]]
|-
|[[Kandhamal district|Kandhamal]]|| [[Phulbani]]
|01-January-1994|| align="right" | 733,110 || align="right" | 7,654 || align="right" | 96
|[[File:India Odisha Kandhamal district.svg|175x175px]]
|-
|[[Kendrapara district|Kendrapara]]|| [[Kendrapara]]
|01-April-1993|| align="right" | 1,440,361 || align="right" | 2,644 || align="right" | 545
|[[File:India Odisha Kendrapara district.svg|175x175px]]
|-
|[[Kendujhar district|Kendujhar]]|| [[Kendujhar]]
|01-January-1948|| align="right" | 1,801,733 || align="right" | 8,303 || align="right" | 217
|[[File:India Odisha Kendujhar district.svg|175x175px]]
|-
|[[Khordha district|Khordha]]|| [[Khordha]]
|01-April-1993|| align="right" | 2,251,673 || align="right" | 2,813 || align="right" | 800
|[[File:Khordha in Odisha (India).svg|175x175px]]
|-
|[[Koraput district|Koraput]]|| [[Koraput]]
|01-April-1936|| align="right" | 1,379,647 || align="right" | 8,807 || align="right" | 157
|[[File:Koraput in Odisha (India).svg|175x175px]]
|-
|[[Malkangiri district|Malkangiri]]|| [[Malkangiri]]
|02-October-1992|| align="right" | 613,192 || align="right" | 5,791 || align="right" | 106
|[[File:India Odisha Malkangiri district.svg|175x175px]]
|-
|[[Mayurbhanj district|Mayurbhanj]]|| [[Baripada]]
|01-January-1949|| align="right" | 2,519,738 || align="right" | 10,418 || align="right" | 242
|[[File:India Odisha Mayurbhanj district.svg|175x175px]]
|-
|[[Nabarangpur district|Nabarangpur]]|| [[Nabarangpur|Nabarangapur]]
|02-October-1992|| align="right" | 1,220,946 || align="right" | 5,294 || align="right" | 231
|[[File:India Odisha Nabarangpur district.svg|175x175px]]
|-
|[[Nayagarh district|Nayagarh]]|| [[Nayagarh]]
|01-April-1993|| align="right" | 962,789 || align="right" | 3,890 || align="right" | 247
|[[File:India Odisha Nayagarh district.svg|175x175px]]
|-
|[[Nuapada district|Nuapada]]|| [[Nuapada]]
|01-April-1993|| align="right" | 610,382 || align="right" | 3,852 || align="right" | 158
|[[File:India Odisha Nuapada district.svg|175x175px]]
|-
|[[Puri district|Puri]]|| [[Puri]]
|23-October-1828|| align="right" | 1,698,730 || align="right" | 3,051 || align="right" | 557
|[[File:India Odisha Puri district.svg|175x175px]]
|-
|[[Rayagada district|Rayagada]]|| [[Rayagada]]
|02-October-1992|| align="right" | 967,911 || align="right" | 7,073 || align="right" | 137
|[[File:India Odisha Rayagada district.svg|175x175px]]
|-
|[[Sambalpur district|Sambalpur]]|| [[Sambalpur]]
|16-October-1905|| align="right" | 1,041,099 || align="right" | 6,702 || align="right" | 155
|[[File:India Odisha Sambalpur district.svg|175x175px]]
|-
|[[Subarnapur district|Subarnapur]]|| [[Subarnapur, Odisha|Subarnapur]]
|01-April-1993|| align="right" | 610,183 || align="right" | 2,337 || align="right" | 261
|[[File:India Odisha Subarnapur district.svg|175x175px]]
|-
|[[Sundergarh district|Sundargarh]]|| [[Sundergarh|Sundargarh]]
|01-January-1948|| align="right" | 2,093,437 || align="right" | 9,712 || align="right" | 215
|[[File:India Odisha Sundargarh district.svg|175x175px]]
|-
|- class="sortbottom static-row-header"
|'''''[[Odisha]]'''''||'''[[Bhubaneswar]]''' ||Apr 1, 1936|| align="right" | 41,974,218 || align="right" | 154,468.98 || align="right" | 272
|[[File:Odisha locator map.svg|175x175px]]
|-
|}

==Proposed districts==
{{anchor | New | Demand }}

There are demands for at least 31 new districts listed below (north to south, west to east).<ref name=newdt1>[https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/odisha/2026/Feb/20/received-proposals-for-creation-of-31-new-dists-66-sub-divisions-minister Received proposals for creation of 31 new dists, 66 sub-divisions: Minister], Indian Express, 20 Feb 2026.</ref><ref name=newdt2>{{Cite web |title=New district demands |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bhubaneswar/odisha-government-receives-demands-for-creation-of-28-more-districts/articleshow/107501059.cms}}</ref><ref name=newdt3>{{Cite web |last=PTI |date=2024-02-07 |title=Odisha govt has received proposals for formation of 28 new districts: Minister |url=https://theprint.in/india/odisha-govt-has-received-proposals-for-formation-of-28-new-districts-minister/1957496/ |access-date=2025-05-10 |website=ThePrint |language=en-US}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ List of Demanded/Proposed districts of Odisha (as of 2026)<ref name=newdt1/><ref name=newdt2/><ref name=newdt3/>
! Existing District !! No. of New Districts !! Proposed New District(s)

|-
| Mayurbhanj || 4 || West Mayurbhanj, [[Rairangpur]], [[Khiching]], [[Karanjia]] or [[Panchpir Assembly constituency|Panchipur]]

|-
| Baleshwar (Balasore) || 3 || [[Nilagiri]], [[Jaleswar]], [[Soro, Balasore|Soro]]

|-
| Sundargarh || 2 || [[Bonai State|Bonai]], [[Rourkela]] (Vedvyas district)

|-
| Kendujhar (Keonjhar) || 1 || [[Anandapur Assembly constituency|Anandpur]]

|-
| Bargarh || 1 || [[Padmapur|Padampur]]

|-
| Sambalpur || 1 || [[Kuchinda]]

|-
| Angul<ref>{{Cite web |last=Service |first=Express News |date=2023-09-29 |title=Odisha government received proposals for 25 more districts in state |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/odisha/2023/Sep/29/odisha-government-received-proposals-for-25-more-districts-in-state-2619308.html |access-date=2025-05-13 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>|| 3 || [[Talcher]], [[Pallahara]], [[Athmallik]]

|-
| Balangir || 3 || [[Titlagarh]], [[Kantabanji]], [[Patnagarh]]

|-
| Cuttack || 2 || [[Athgarh State|Athagarh]], [[Chandikhol]]

|-
| Khordha || 1 || [[Bhubaneswar]]

|-
| Kalahandi || 1 || [[Dharamgarh|Dharmagarh]]

|-
| Kandhamal || 1 || [[Baliguda]]

|-
| Ganjam || 5 || [[Ghumusar Gangapur|Ghumusar]], Rushikulya ([[Aska Assembly constituency|Aska]]), [[Berhampur]], [[Bhanjanagar]], [[Kabisuryanagar]]

|-
| Puri || 1 || [[Nimapada|Nimapara]]

|-
| Rayagada || 1 || [[Gunupur]]

|-
| Koraput || 1 || [[Jeypore]]

|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{commons category|Districts of Odisha}}
* [http://www.odisha.gov.in Official website of Government of Odisha]

{{Odisha}}
{{Districts of India}}

[[Category:Districts of Odisha| ]]
[[Category:Lists of districts in India|Odisha]]
[[Category:Odisha-related lists|Districts]]

Devkhal Jheel

2026-03-13T23:02:21Z

Vilianawge: Starting Data

{{Short description|Ancient location in the epic Mahabharata}}
{{Infobox ancient site
| name = Devkhal Jheel
| native_name =
| native_name_lang = mai
| location = Bhagwanpur Kamala Panchayat, Ujiyarpur block, [[Samastipur district]], Bihar, India
| region = [[Mithila region]]
| type = Lake
| notes = Location in the [[Mahabharata]]
| alternate_name = Devkhal Chaur
|event=[[Yaksha Prashna]]}}

'''Devkhal Jheel''' is a lake believed to be the location where the dialogues between [[Yaksha]] and [[Yudhishthira]] took place in the epic [[Mahabharata]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=ब‍िहार के समस्‍तीपुर में इस झील के क‍िनारे हुआ था यक्ष–युधिष्ठिर संवाद - The Yaksha Yudhishthira dialogue took place at the lake of Samastipur in Bihar |url=https://www.jagran.com/bihar/muzaffarpur-the-yaksha-yudhishthira-dialogue-took-place-at-the-lake-of-samastipur-in-bihar-21206239.html#google_vignette |access-date=2024-09-30 |website=Jagran |language=hi}}</ref> It is also known as ''Devkhal Chaur''.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=ऐतिहासिक स्थल को सरकारी मरहम की दरकार - |url=https://www.jagran.com/bihar/samastipur-12277209.html |access-date=2024-09-30 |website=Jagran |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Kumari |first=Smita |date=2017 |title=Studies On The Water Quality Of Devkhal Chour Of Samastipur And Their Effect On Distribution Of Alagal Communities Of Two Consecutive Years IE 201213 And 201314 |url=https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/486950 |journal=University |language=English}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=देवखाल चौर में बरामद लाश की हुई पहचान |url=https://www.livehindustan.com/bihar/samastipur/story-identity-of-dead-body-recovered-in-devkhal-chaur-4245969.html |work=Hindustan}}</ref>

== Description ==
Devkhal Jheel is a lake in Bhagwanpur Kamala Panchayat in the [[Ujiarpur Assembly constituency|Ujiyarpur]] block of the Samastipur district in the Mithila region of Bihar in India.

According to legend, the Devkhal Jheel was the location in the [[Mahabharata]] where the dialogues between [[Yaksha]] and [[Yudhishthira]] took place.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> It is said that the [[Pandava|Pandavas]] had traveled by this route during their ''[[Agyaata Vaasa]]'' (unknown stay).<ref name=":2">{{Cite news |title=मोतिहारी से वैशाली मुजफ्फरपुर समस्तीपुर होते हुए बलान नदी में मिलकर बेगूसराय तक जाने |url=https://www.bhaskar.com/local/bihar/samastipur/news/the-river-that-goes-from-motihari-to-begusarai-via-vaishali-muzaffarpur-samastipur-and-joins-the-balan-river-is-neglected-133133513.html |work=[[Dainik Bhaskar]]}}</ref>

The Noon River flowing through the village is one of the sources of water for the lake.<ref name=":2" />

== Excavations ==
In the year 2002, archaeological excavations were conducted here. The excavations uncovered some evidences of the [[Kushan Empire|Kushan period]] civilization. The archeologists involved in the excavations found some ancient walls ranging from 45 cm to one meter wide there. Several rare sculptures and other artifacts were recovered. Similarly, a piece of pottery with a [[Brahmi script|Brahmi]] inscription was also discovered from the legendary lake.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bharat |first=E. T. V. |date=2025-10-27 |title=समस्तीपुर का देवखाल चौर, जंहा द्रौपदी ने पांडवों के लिए किया था छठ |url=https://www.etvbharat.com/hi/state/devkhal-chaur-in-samastipur-where-draupadi-performed-chhath-for-pandavas-bihar-news-brs25102700697 |access-date=2026-03-05 |website=ETV Bharat News |language=hi}}</ref>

== References ==
<references />{{Hinduism-stub}}

[[Category:Mahabharata]]
[[Category:Mithila (region)]]
[[Category:Samastipur district]]
[[Category:Places in the Mahabharata]]

Motor Sundaram Pillai

2026-03-04T05:12:15Z

Vilianawge: started a entry

{{short description|1966 film by S. S. Balan}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2021}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Motor Sundaram Pillai
| image = Motor Sundaram Pillai.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[S. S. Balan]]
| screenplay = Veppatthur Kittu
| based_on = {{based on|''[[Grahasti (film)|Grahasti]]''}}
| producer = [[S. S. Vasan]]
| starring = [[Sivaji Ganesan]] [[Ravichandran (Tamil actor)|Ravichandran]] [[Sowcar Janaki]] [[J. Jayalalithaa|Jayalalithaa]]
| cinematography = P. Ellappa
| editing = M. Umanath
| music = [[M. S. Viswanathan]]
| studio = [[Gemini Studios]]
| distributor = 
| released = {{film date|df=y|1966|1|26}}
| runtime = 160 minutes{{sfn|Rajadhyaksha|Willemen|1998|p=389}}
| country = India
| language = Tamil
| budget = 
| gross = 
}}

'''''Motor Sundaram Pillai''''' is a 1966 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[Drama (film and television)|drama film]] directed by [[S. S. Balan]] and written by Veppathur Kittoo. A remake of the [[Hindi]] film ''[[Grahasti (film)|Grahasti]]'' (1963), itself based on the American film ''[[The Remarkable Mr. Pennypacker]]'' (1959), the film stars [[Sivaji Ganesan]], [[Ravichandran (Tamil actor)|Ravichandran]], [[Sowcar Janaki]] and [[J. Jayalalithaa|Jayalalithaa]]. It revolves around a man who leads a double life, having two sets of families.

''Motor Sundaram Pillai'' is the directorial debut of Balan, whose father [[S. S. Vasan|Vasan]] produced the film under [[Gemini Studios]]. After Kittoo completed the screenplay, Ganesan was approached to star but declined; Vasan then produced Kittu's screenplay as ''Grahasti''. When Ganesan saw this film, he offered to act if Kittu made a Tamil version, and was cast.

''Motor Sundaram Pillai'' was released on 26 January 1966. The film was commercially successful, running for over 100 days in theatres.

== Plot ==
{{more plot|date=September 2021}}
Motor Sundaram Pillai, a man known for being virtuous, leads a double life, having two sets of families.

== Cast ==

{{Col-begin|width=55%}}
{{col-break|width=33%}}
;Male cast
* [[Sivaji Ganesan]] as Motor Sundaram Pillai<ref name="Sport and Pastime" />
* [[Ravichandran (Tamil actor)|Ravichandran]] as Mohan
* Sooryakumar as Vimala's boyfriend
* [[Sivakumar]] as Gopal
* [[V. Nagayya|Nagayya]] as Mohan's father
* [[Major Sundarrajan|Sundararajan]] as Gopal's father
* S. Rama Rao as Station Master
* [[T. S. Muthaiah]]
* Deviprasad
* Master S. Kumar
* [[Nagesh]] as Shambu
* [[C. R. Parthiban]] as Police
* Master C. P. Kumaran as Babu

{{col-break|width=33%}}
;Female cast
* [[Sowcar Janaki]] as Meenakshi{{sfn|Rajadhyaksha|Willemen|1998|p=389}}
* [[J. Jayalalithaa|Jayalalithaa]] as Mala
* [[Pandari Bai]] as Sundaram Pillai's sister
* [[Kanchana (actress)|Kanchana]] as Kamala
* [[Rajakokila]] as Shanthi
* [[Shylashri]] as Vimala
* [[Manimala (actress)|Manimala]] as Maragadham, Sundaram’s First-Love
* Baby Savithri
* Baby Avandhi
* [[M. S. Sundari Bai]]
* [[Kutty Padmini|Baby Padmini]] as Rajee
* Baby Kausalya
* [[Sachu]] as Revathy<ref>{{Cite news |last=Vamanan |author-link=Vamanan |date=27 October 2017 |title=Sachu long journey |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/sachu-long-journey/articleshow/61252824.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181121055621/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/sachu-long-journey/articleshow/61252824.cms |archive-date=21 November 2018 |access-date=21 November 2018 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>
* [[Padmini Priyadarshini]] as dancer in [[Rangoon]]
{{Col-end}}

== Production ==
The 1959 American film ''[[The Remarkable Mr. Pennypacker]]'', adapted from a play written by [[Liam O'Brien (screenwriter)|Liam O'Brien]], which was inspired by a real life incident, was a global success, especially in Madras (now [[Chennai]]). Veppatthur Kittu of [[Gemini Studios]] wrote a screenplay based on this film (with changes made to suit regional tastes) and approached [[Sivaji Ganesan]] to act. He refused, and Gemini Studios proprietor [[S. S. Vasan]] produced Kittu's screenplay in [[Hindi]] as ''[[Grahasti (film)|Grahasti]]'' (1963). When Ganesan saw this film, he offered to act if Kittu made a Tamil version. Vasan later announced the Tamil version, titled ''Motor Sundaram Pillai''. Like ''Grahasti'', this too featured some changes from the American film.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Guy |first=Randor |author-link=Randor Guy |date=10 July 2009 |title=Motor Sundaram Pillai 1966 |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-cinemaplus/motor-sundaram-pillai-1966/article3021680.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20150311125535/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-cinemaplus/motor-sundaram-pillai-1966/article3021680.ece |archive-date=11 March 2015 |access-date=9 March 2017 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref> It marked the directorial debut of Vasan's son [[S. S. Balan|Balan]].<ref name="Sport and Pastime" /><ref>{{Cite news |date=15 July 2011 |title=இயக்குநரானார் முரசொலி மாறன்! |trans-title=Murasoli Maran became a director! |url=http://cinema.dinakaran.com/oldisgold-cinema-Detail.aspx?id=5369&id1=16 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180424050208/http://cinema.dinakaran.com/oldisgold-cinema-Detail.aspx?id=5369&id1=16 |archive-date=24 April 2018 |access-date=24 April 2018 |work=[[Dinakaran]] |language=ta}}</ref> Cinematography was handled by P. Ellappa.{{sfn|Rajadhyaksha|Willemen|1998|p=389}}

== Soundtrack ==
The soundtrack album was composed by [[M. S. Viswanathan]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Motor Sundaram Pillai (1966) |url=http://www.raaga.com/channels/tamil/moviedetail.asp?mid=t0001705 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140808123229/http://www.raaga.com/channels/tamil/moviedetail.asp?mid=T0001705 |archive-date=8 August 2014 |access-date=18 July 2016 |website=[[Raaga.com]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Neelamegam |first=G. |title=Thiraikalanjiyam – Part 2 |date=November 2016 |publisher=Manivasagar Publishers |edition=1st |location=Chennai |pages=261 |language=Tamil}}</ref> In the song "Gubu Gubu Naan Engine", singer [[L. R. Eswari]] imitated engine sounds while [[A. L. Raghavan]] imitated train car sounds.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Weidman |first=Amanda |title=Brought to Life by the Voice: Playback Singing and Cultural Politics in South India |date=15 June 2021 |publisher=[[University of California Press]] |isbn=9780520976399 |pages=108}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Rangaraj |first=R |date=23 June 2020 |title=Man who rocked Tamil pop, yodelling into hearts |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/man-who-rocked-tamil-pop-yodelling-into-hearts/articleshow/76519575.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210528143258/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/man-who-rocked-tamil-pop-yodelling-into-hearts/articleshow/76519575.cms |archive-date=28 May 2021 |access-date=30 September 2021 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> The song "Maname Muruganin" is set in the [[Carnatic raga]] known as [[Hindolam]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Saravanan |first=T. |date=20 September 2013 |title=Ragas hit a high |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/music/ragas-hit-a-high/article5149905.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141213163350/http://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/music/ragas-hit-a-high/article5149905.ece |archive-date=13 December 2014 |access-date=24 April 2018 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref> Lyricist [[Kothamangalam Subbu]] initially wanted it to be in [[Atana]], but as Viswanathan wanted it to be in Hindolam, Subbu assented.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Krishnamachari |first=Suganthy |date=5 March 2020 |title=Tamil fuelled Subbu's creativity – in all forms |url=https://www.thehindu.com/books/books-authors/tamil-fuelled-subbus-creativity-in-all-forms/article30990504.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200616054749/https://www.thehindu.com/books/books-authors/tamil-fuelled-subbus-creativity-in-all-forms/article30990504.ece |archive-date=16 June 2020 |access-date=16 June 2020 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref> The song was re-used in the [[Telugu language|Telugu]] film ''[[Manchi Kutumbam]]'' (1968) as "Manase Andhala Brindavanam".<ref>{{Cite news |last=Mani |first=Charulatha |author-link=Charulatha Mani |date=19 August 2011 |title=A Raga's Journey – Hindolam Highlights |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/music/a-ragas-journey-hindolam-highlights/article2373052.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180405103747/http://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/music/a-ragas-journey-hindolam-highlights/article2373052.ece |archive-date=5 April 2018 |access-date=25 October 2018 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref>

{{track listing
| headline = Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| total_length = 22:00
| title1 = Kathiruntha Kangale
| extra1 = [[P. B. Sreenivas]], [[P. Susheela]]
| lyrics1 = [[Vaali (poet)|Vaali]]
| length1 = 03:58
| title2 = Kathal Endral Enna
| extra2 = [[T. M. Soundararajan]], P. Susheela
| lyrics2 = [[Kothamangalam Subbu]]
| length2 = 07:38
| title3 = Gubu Gubu Naan Engine
| extra3 = [[A. L. Raghavan]], [[L. R. Eswari]]
| lyrics3 = Kothamangalam Subbu
| length3 = 03:22
| title4 = Maname Muruganin
| extra4 = [[Radha Jayalakshmi|(Radha) Jayalakshmi]]
| lyrics4 = Kothamangalam Subbu
| length4 = 01:50
| title5 = Penne Maanthartham (Penmai Endra)
| extra5 = [[Sirkazhi Govindarajan]]
| lyrics5 = Kothamangalam Subbu
| length5 = 02:17
| title6 = Thulli Thulli Vilaiyada
| extra6 = P. Susheela, L. R. Eswari, [[Soolamangalam Rajalakshmi]]
| lyrics6 = Vaali
| length6 = 02:55
}}

== Release and reception ==

''Motor Sundaram Pillai'' was released on 26 January 1966.<ref>{{Cite web |title=1966 – மோட்டார் சுந்தரம்பிள்ளை – ஜெமினி பிக். |trans-title=1966 – Motor Sundaram Pillai – Gemini Pic. |url=http://www.lakshmansruthi.com/cineprofiles/1966-cinedetails35.asp |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://archive.today/20180424045650/http://www.lakshmansruthi.com/cineprofiles/1966-cinedetails35.asp |archive-date=24 April 2018 |access-date=21 November 2018 |website=[[Lakshman Sruthi]] |language=Tamil}}</ref> T. M. Ramachandran of ''[[Sport and Pastime]]'' wrote, "Though, up to the interval, it contains the usual quota of songs, dances, romantic chases of the young lovers and comedy [...] it grips the audience with a clever and logical twist in the story."<ref name="Sport and Pastime" /> The film was commercially successful, running for over 100 days in theatres.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Ganesan |first1=Sivaji |author-link=Sivaji Ganesan |title=Autobiography of an Actor: Sivaji Ganesan, October 1928 – July 2001 |title-link=Autobiography of an Actor |last2=Narayana Swamy |first2=T.S. |publisher=Sivaji Prabhu Charities Trust |year=2007 |pages=241 |oclc=297212002 |orig-date=2002}}</ref>

== References ==
<references>

<ref name="Sport and Pastime">{{Cite magazine |last=Ramachandran |first=T. M. |date=19 February 1966 |title=Motor Sundaram Pillai |url=https://archive.org/details/dli.bengal.10689.20950/page/n387/mode/2up |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20230302135336/https://archive.org/details/dli.bengal.10689.20950/page/n387/mode/2up |archive-date=2 March 2023 |access-date=2 March 2023 |magazine=[[Sport and Pastime]] |page=42 |via=[[Internet Archive]] |volume=20}}</ref>

</references>

== Bibliography ==
* {{Cite book |last1=Rajadhyaksha |first1=Ashish |author-link=Ashish Rajadhyaksha |title=Encyclopaedia of Indian Cinema |last2=Willemen |first2=Paul |author-link2=Paul Willemen |publisher=[[British Film Institute]] and [[Oxford University Press]] |year=1998 |isbn=0-19-563579-5 |orig-date=1994}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|0318461}}
{{Gemini Studios}}
[[Category:1966 Indian films]]
[[Category:1966 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:1966 directorial debut films]]
[[Category:1966 drama films]]
[[Category:1966 films]]
[[Category:Fiction about polygamy]]
[[Category:Films about families]]
[[Category:Films scored by M. S. Viswanathan]]
[[Category:Films with screenplays by Kothamangalam Subbu]]
[[Category:Gemini Studios films]]
[[Category:Indian drama films]]
[[Category:Indian films based on plays]]
[[Category:Indian remakes of American films]]
[[Category:Tamil remakes of Hindi films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]

Payanam (1976 film)

2026-03-04T04:49:40Z

Vilianawge: starting some stub nd citations

{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2021}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2021}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Payanam
| image = Payanam 1976.jpg
| caption = Title card
| director = [[Vietnam Veedu Sundaram]]
| producer = Bombay K. S. Ramakrishnan
| writer = Vietnam Veedu Sundaram
| starring = [[Vijayakumar (Tamil actor)|Vijayakumar]] [[Jayachitra]] [[Srikanth (actor, born 1940)|Srikanth]] [[Fatafat Jayalaxmi]]
| music = [[M. S. Viswanathan]]
| cinematography = G. OR. Nathan
| editing = R. Devarajan
| studio = Majestic Studios
| distributor = Chitralekha
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|1976|1|15}}
| runtime = 125 minutes
| country = India
| language = Tamil
}}

'''''Payanam''''' ({{Translation|Journey}}) is a 1976 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[road movie|road film]], written and directed by [[Vietnam Veedu Sundaram]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=11 August 2016 |title=The stage was his creative arena |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/theatre/The-stage-was-his-creative-arena/article14564097.ece |url-status=live |access-date=27 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210927113333/https://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/theatre/The-stage-was-his-creative-arena/article14564097.ece |archive-date=27 September 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Vamanan |author-link=Vamanan |date=9 August 2016 |title=Turns, twists and drama ruled Sundaram's life and films |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/blogs/tracking-indian-communities/turns-twists-and-drama-ruled-sundarams-life-and-films/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200129033508/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/blogs/tracking-indian-communities/turns-twists-and-drama-ruled-sundarams-life-and-films/ |archive-date=29 January 2020 |access-date=27 September 2021 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> The film stars [[Vijayakumar (Tamil actor)|Vijayakumar]], [[Jayachitra]], [[Srikanth (actor, born 1940)|Srikanth]] and [[Fatafat Jayalaxmi]], with [[Major Sundarrajan]], [[Thengai Srinivasan]], [[Suruli Rajan]] and [[Sekhar (actor)|Master Sekhar]] in supporting roles. It was released on 15 January 1976.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Payanam ( 1976 ) |url=http://www.cinesouth.com/cgi-bin/filmography/allCast.cgi?id=35 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041118042016/http://www.cinesouth.com/cgi-bin/filmography/allCast.cgi?id=35 |archive-date=18 November 2004 |access-date=2 March 2023 |website=Cinesouth}}</ref>

== Plot ==
{{No plot|date=September 2021}}

== Cast ==
{{Cast listing|
* [[Vijayakumar (Tamil actor)|Vijayakumar]] as Captain Murali
* [[Jayachitra]] as Chithra
* [[Srikanth (actor, born 1940)|Srikanth]] as Babu
* [[Fatafat Jayalaxmi]] as Jaya
* [[Major Sundarrajan]] as Train Master Sivasamy
* [[Nagesh]] as Ambi
* [[Suruli Rajan]] as Balu
* [[Thengai Srinivasan]] as Train Passenger
* [[Sekhar (actor)|Master Sekhar]] as Sekhar
* V. R. Thilagam as Jaya & Murali's mother
*[[Sukumari]] as Nun
* Vijayachandrika as Bhavani
*[[Neelu]] as Bhavani's Husband
*[[Senthamarai (actor)|Senthamarai]] as Prisoner
* Kuladeviam Rajagopal as Train Passenger
* "Thilagam" Narayanasami as Train Passenger
* Manavaalan as Train Passenger
* "Sakthi" Sukumar as Train Passenger
* Master Radhakrishnan as Train Passenger
}}

== Soundtrack ==
Music was composed by [[M. S. Viswanathan]] and lyrics were written by [[Kannadasan]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Payanam Tamil Film EP Vinyl Record by M S Viswanathan |url=https://macsendisk.com/product/payanam-tamil-film-ep-vinyl-record-by-m-s-viswanathan/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230301163714/https://macsendisk.com/product/payanam-tamil-film-ep-vinyl-record-by-m-s-viswanathan/ |archive-date=1 March 2023 |access-date=1 March 2023 |website=Macsendisk}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Payanam |url=https://gaana.com/album/payanam |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210927113333/https://gaana.com/album/payanam |archive-date=27 September 2021 |access-date=27 September 2021 |website=[[Gaana (music streaming service)|Gaana]]}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
! Song !! Singer !! Length
|-
| "Payanam Payanam" – Title || [[M. S. Viswanathan]] || 04:02
|-
| "Thendralukku Endru" || [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]] || 03:06
|-
| "Aramba Kalam" || [[K. J. Yesudas]], [[Vani Jairam]] || 04:34
|-
| "Nattukku Kaval" || S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, Saibaba ||
|-
| "Vellai Vanthathada" || [[T. M. Soundararajan]], [[Sirkazhi Govindarajan]] ||
|-
| "Payanam" – Sad || M. S. Viswanathan ||
|}

==Reception==
Kanthan of ''[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]]'' praised the film for good story and for completely shooting in train while also appreciating the performances of actors and direction but felt the inclusion of stunt scenes were unnecessary.<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=காந்தன் |date=25 January 1976 |title=பயணம் |url=https://kalkionline.com/kalkionline_archive/imagegallery/archiveimages/kalki/1976/jan/25-01-1976/p23.jpg |url-status=dead |magazine=[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]] |language=ta |page=23 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20220728041159/https://kalkionline.com/kalkionline_archive/imagegallery/archiveimages/kalki/1976/jan/25-01-1976/p23.jpg |archive-date=28 July 2022 |access-date=28 July 2022}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|3415156}}

[[Category:1976 Indian films]]
[[Category:1970s road movies]]
[[Category:1976 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:1976 films]]
[[Category:Films directed by Vietnam Veedu Sundaram]]
[[Category:Films scored by M. S. Viswanathan]]
[[Category:Films set in Chennai]]
[[Category:Films set on trains]]
[[Category:Indian black-and-white films]]
[[Category:Indian road movies]]
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]

Sohni Mahiwal (1958 film)

2026-03-04T04:05:03Z

Vilianawge: brief expand intro per standard format also and cleaned formatting

{{distinguish|Sohni Mahiwal (1946 film)|Sohni Mahiwal (1984 film)}}
{{more citations needed|date=January 2019}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Sohni Mahiwal
| image = Sohni Mahiwal 1958.jpg

| caption = Poster
| director = [[Raja Nawathe]]
| producer = J. N. Choudhary
| writer = Sardar Jafri
| based_on = [[Sohni Mahiwal]]
| starring = [[Bharat Bhushan]] [[Nimmi]] [[Om Prakash]]
| music = [[Naushad]]
| cinematography =
| editing = G.G.Mavekar
| distributor =
| released = {{Film date|1958|10|31|df=yes}}
| runtime =
| country = [[India]]
| language = Hindi
| budget = 
}}

'''''Sohni Mahiwal''''' is a 1958 Indian [[Hindi]]-language [[historical romance]] [[film]] directed by [[Raja Nawathe]] and produced by J. N. Choudhary. The film stars [[Bharat Bhushan]], [[Nimmi]] and [[Om Prakash]] in lead roles. The film's music is composed by [[Naushad]]. It is based on the tragic romance of [[Sohni Mahiwal]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=14 September 2014|title=Sohni the beautiful|url=https://nation.com.pk/14-Sep-2014/sohni-the-beautiful|access-date=2021-05-06|website=The Nation}}</ref>

==Cast==
*[[Bharat Bhushan]]
*[[Nimmi]]
*[[Om Prakash]]
*Mukri
*Achala Sachdev
*M. Kumar
*[[Chand Burke]]
*Lotan

==Soundtrack==
{{Infobox album
| name = Sohni Mahiwal
| type = [[soundtrack]]
| artist = [[Naushad]]
| cover =
| released = 1958
| recorded =
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = [[Film soundtrack|Feature film soundtrack]]
| length =
| label =
| producer =
| prev_title = [[Mother India]]
| prev_year = 1957
| year = 1958
| next_title = [[Kohinoor (1960 film)|Kohinoor]]
| next_year = 1960
}}
The score and soundtrack for the movie was composed by [[Naushad]], with lyrics penned by [[Shakeel Badayuni]]. The soundtrack consists of 13 songs, featuring vocals by [[Mohammed Rafi]], [[Lata Mangeshkar]] and [[Mahendra Kapoor]].

{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;"
! # !! Song !! Singer
|-
| 1 || "Mahiwal's Call-Music" || [[Mohammed Rafi]]
|-
| 2 || "Title Music" || [[Mahendra Kapoor]]
|-
| 3 || "Panghat Pe Najariya Lad Gayi" || [[Lata Mangeshkar]]
|-
| 4 || "Teri Mehfil Tera Jalva" || Mohammed Rafi
|-
| 5 || "Tumhare Sang Main Bhi Chaloongi" || Lata Mangeshkar
|-
| 6 || "Aanewale Ko Aana Hoga" || Mohammed Rafi, Lata Mangeshkar
|-
| 7 || "Duniya Hai Isika Naam" || Mohammed Rafi
|-
| 8 || "Ae Mere Malik Mere Parwardigar" || Lata Mangeshkar
|-
| 9 || "Mera Bichhda Yaar Mila De" || Mohammed Rafi, Lata Mangeshkar
|-
| 10 || "Eid Ka Din Tere Bina Hai Pheeka" || Lata Mangeshkar, Mohammed Rafi
|-
| 11 || "Aaj Galiyon Mein Teri Aaya Hai" || Mohammed Rafi
|-
| 12 || "Milti Hai Bheekh Maula" || Lata Mangeshkar
|-
| 13 || "Chand Chhupa Aur Tare Doobe" || Mahendra Kapoor
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|0247712|Sohni Mahiwal}}

[[Category:1958 films]]
[[Category:1958 Hindi-language films]]
[[Category:Films scored by Naushad]]
[[Category:Films directed by Raja Nawathe]]
[[Category:Films based on Indian folklore]]

{{1950s-Hindi-film-stub}}

Aay Khuku Aay

2026-03-04T00:15:07Z

Vilianawge: created initial details needs work!

{{Short description|2022 Indian Bengali-language film by Sauvik Kundu}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2022}}
{{Sources exist|date=June 2022}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Aay Khuku Aay
| image = Aay Khuku Aay.jpg
| alt =
| caption =
| director = Sauvik Kundu
| screenplay = Sauvik Kundu Sugata Sinha
| story = Sauvik Kundu
| producer = [[Jeet (actor)|Jeet]] Gopal Madnani Amit Jumrani
| starring = [[Prosenjit Chatterjee]] [[Ditipriya Roy]]
| cinematography = Indranil Mukherjee
| editing = Sujay Datta Ray
| music = [[Ranajoy Bhattacharjee]] and [[Savvy Gupta|Savvy]]
| studio = Jeetz Filmworks
| distributor = Jeetz Filmworks
| released = {{Film date|2022|06|17|df=y }}
| runtime = 128 minutes
| country = India
| language = Bengali
| budget =
| gross =
}}

'''''Aay Khuku Aay''''' ({{translation|Come to me, my dear daughter}}) is a 2022 Indian [[Bengali (language)|Bengali]]-language [[action film|action drama film]] written and directed by Sauvik Kundu.<ref>{{Cite news |title='Aay Khuku Aay' - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movies/previews/aay-khuku-aay/articleshow/91519908.cms |access-date=2022-06-07 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref> Produced by [[Jeet (actor)|Jeet]], Gopal Madnani and Amit Jumrani under the banner Jeetz Filmworks,<ref>{{Cite web |title=মাথায় নেই চুল, মুখে কাঁচা-পাকা দাড়ি, এ কী চেহারা প্রসেনজিতের! |url=https://www.sangbadpratidin.in/entertainment/cinema/prosenjit-chatterjee-posted-his-new-look-on-twitter/ |access-date=2022-06-20 |website=sangbadpratidin |language=en-US}}</ref> the film stars [[Prosenjit Chatterjee]] and [[Ditipriya Roy]] in lead roles.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Aay Khuku Aay: রিলের ছায়া রিয়েলেও, নেটপাড়ায় ভাইরাল Prosenjit-Ditipriya-র খুনসুটি |url=https://eisamay.com/entertainment/cinema/prosenjit-chatterjee-shares-a-video-with-ditipriya-roy-with-the-essence-of-upcoming-bengali-movie-aay-khuku-aay/articleshow/91678768.cms |access-date=2022-06-07 |website=EI Samay |date=20 May 2022 |language=bn}}</ref> The film is based on the relationship of a father and his daughter in rural Bengal.<ref>{{Cite web |last=রায় |first=অময় দেব |title=Aay Khuku Aay Review: প্রসেনজিতের শরীরের ভাঁজে 'নির্মল'-এর ক্ষয়! ছেলেবেলায় ফিরিয়ে দিলেন 'বুম্বাদা' |url=https://www.anandabazar.com/entertainment/review-of-bengali-film-aay-khuku-aay-dgtl/cid/1351344 |access-date=2022-06-26 |website=www.anandabazar.com |language=bn}}</ref>

== Plot ==
The film revolves around the relationship of a single father and his daughter in the suburbs of West Bengal.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Aay Khuku Aay (2022) - Movie {{!}} Reviews, Cast & Release Date in kolkata - BookMyShow |url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/kolkata/movies/aay-khuku-aay/ET00325995 |access-date=2022-06-17 |website=in.bookmyshow.com}}</ref>

== Cast ==
* [[Prosenjit Chatterjee]] in dual role as himself and Nirmal Mondal, a doppelgänger of [[Prosenjit Chatterjee]]<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |title='Aay Khuku Aay': Prosenjit, Ditipriya shine in this emotionally-drenched teaser - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movies/news/aay-khuku-aay-prosenjit-ditipriya-shine-in-this-emotionally-drenched-teaser/articleshow/90951558.cms |access-date=2022-06-07 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Ditipriya Roy]] as Satabdi Mondal alias Buri<ref name=":0" />
* [[Sohini Sengupta]] as MLA Putul Rani Bagchi<ref>{{Cite web |title=সোহিনীর মুখে 'রগড়ে দেব' শুনে ফিরল পুরনো স্মৃতি, সংলাপের স্রষ্টা কে জানেন? |url=https://bangla.aajtak.in/cinema-and-tv-serial-news/tollywood-bengali-cinema/story/aay-khuku-aay-trailer-actress-sohini-sengupta-saying-rogre-debo-who-said-first-know-details-rjk-376668-2022-05-23 |access-date=2022-06-07 |website=Aaj Tak বাংলা |language=bn}}</ref>
* [[:File:Sankar Debnath 2024.jpg|Sankar Debnath]] as Gosai Kaka, Nirmal's friend<ref name=":1">{{Cite news |title='Aay Khuku Aay': Prosenjit-Ditipriya as father-daughter duo, film to release this summer - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movies/news/aay-khuku-aay-prosenjit-ditipriya-as-father-daughter-duo-film-to-release-this-summer/articleshow/90636567.cms |access-date=2022-06-11 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Rafiath Rashid Mithila]] as Buri's mother<ref>{{Cite web |last=সংবাদদাতা |first=নিজস্ব |title=Aye Khuku Aye: 'খুকু' কোলে মিথিলা, ছোট্ট চরিত্রে গভীর ছাপ রেখে যাবে! দাবি প্রসেনজিতের |url=https://www.anandabazar.com/entertainment/first-time-rafiath-rashid-mithila-appeared-with-prosenjit-chatterjee-in-title-track-of-aye-khuku-aye-dgtl/cid/1342848 |access-date=2022-06-11 |website=www.anandabazar.com|language=bn}}</ref>
* Buddhadeb Bhattacharya as local police officer Barman<ref name=":1" />
* Rahul Dev Bose as Sanjay, Buri's friend, Putul's son<ref>{{Cite news |title=Working with Prosenjit Chatterjee is like going to an acting school: Rahul Dev Bose - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movies/news/working-with-prosenjit-chatterjee-is-like-going-to-an-acting-school-rahul-dev-bose/articleshow/91762103.cms |access-date=2022-06-11 |website=The Times of India |language=en|last1=Ganguly |first1=Ruman }}</ref>
* Satyam Bhattacharya as Binoy, a book seller<ref name=":1" />

== Soundtrack ==
{{Infobox album
| name = Aay Khuku Aay
| type = Soundtrack
| artist = [[Ranajoy Bhattacharjee]], [[Savvy Gupta|Savvy]]
| cover =
| alt =
| released = 2022<ref name="jiosaavn">{{cite web |url=https://www.jiosaavn.com/album/aay-khuku-aay/D2AvdVMkXqo_|title=Aay Khuku Aay – Original Motion Picture Soundtrack |date=2022|publisher=Jiosaavn}}</ref>
| recorded =
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = [[Film soundtrack]]
| length = 11:40
| language = Bengali
| label = Grassroot Entertainment
| producer =
| misc = {{external music video| header = Official audio
|{{YouTube|1T8Wwy0h9Cc|Aay Khuku Aay - Full Album}}
}}
}}

The songs are composed by [[Ranajoy Bhattacharjee]] and [[Savvy Gupta|Savvy]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Aay Khuku Aay: আদরের 'খুকুকে' বড় করছেন প্রসেনজিৎ-মিথিলা! আবেগমাখা শীর্ষ সঙ্গীত গাইলেন রণজয় |url=https://bangla.aajtak.in/cinema-and-tv-serial-news/tollywood-bengali-cinema/story/aay-khuku-aay-title-song-ranajoy-bhattacharjee-launches-prosenjit-chatterjee-ditipriya-roy-and-rafiath-rashid-mithila-shares-frame-and-deep-bonding-soc-371579-2022-05-07 |access-date=2022-06-11 |website=Aaj Tak বাংলা |language=bn}}</ref> The lyrics are penned by Saugata Dutta, [[Anindya Chatterjee]] and Ranojay Bhattacharjee.

{{Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| title1 = Aay Khuku Aay (Title Track)
| length1 = 3:58
| lyrics1 = [[Anindya Chatterjee]] Ranajoy Bhattacharjee
| music1 = [[Ranajoy Bhattacharjee]]
| extra1 = Ranajoy Bhattacharjee
| title2 = Ebhabeo Preme Pora Jaay
| length2 = 4:18
| lyrics2 = Ranajoy Bhattacharjee
| music2 = Ranajoy Bhattacharjee
| extra2 = [[Antara Mitra]]
| title3 = Premer Golpo Lekh
| length3 = 3:24
| lyrics3 = Saugata Dutta
| music3 = [[Savvy Gupta|Savvy]]
| extra3 = Prashmita Paul
| title4 =
| length4 =
| lyrics4 =
| music4 =
| extra4 =
| title5 =
| length5 =
| lyrics5 =
| music5 =
| extra5 =
| total_length = 11:40
}}

== Release ==
The official teaser of the film was unveiled on 15 April 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |last=ananda |first=abp |date=2022-04-15 |title=বাবা-মেয়ের গল্প আনছেন প্রসেনজিৎ-দিতিপ্রিয়া, প্রকাশ্যে টিজার |url=https://bengali.abplive.com/entertainment/aay-khuku-aay-teaser-aay-khuku-aay-bengali-movie-starrer-prosenjit-chatterjee-teaser-released-881218 |access-date=2022-06-07 |website=bengali.abplive.com |language=bn}}</ref> The official trailer of the film was unveiled on 22 May 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Aay Khuku Aay Official Trailer: রাজনীতি আর সম্পর্কের প্রবল টানাপোড়েন নিয়ে মুক্তি পেল ট্রেলার |url=https://bangla.aajtak.in/cinema-and-tv-serial-news/tollywood-bengali-cinema/story/aay-khuku-aay-official-trailer-released-staring-prosenjit-chatterjee-ditipriya-roy-directed-sauvik-kundu-rjk-376387-2022-05-22 |access-date=2022-06-07 |website=Aaj Tak বাংলা |language=bn}}</ref> The film was released theatrically on 17 June 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |last=ananda |first=abp |date=2022-06-06 |title=চলতি মাসে যে যে বাংলা ছবি মুক্তি পাবে, দেখে নিন একনজরে |url=https://bengali.abplive.com/entertainment/upcoming-bangla-movies-release-list-june-2022-cheene-baadaam-prapti-aay-khuku-aay-know-details-894506 |access-date=2022-06-07 |website=bengali.abplive.com |language=bn}}</ref>

== Reception ==
{{Empty section|date=June 2022}}

==References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|15440992}}

[[Category:Bengali-language Indian films]]
[[Category:2022 Bengali-language films]]
[[Category:Bengali-language drama films]]
[[Category:2022 Indian films]]
[[Category:Indian drama films]]
[[Category:2022 drama films]]

Anna Thangi (2005 film)

2026-03-03T21:39:34Z

Vilianawge: small changes

{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Anna Thangi
| image = Anna Thangi (2005 film).jpg
| caption = DVD cover
| director = [[Om Sai Prakash]]
| writer = [[Om Sai Prakash]], B. A. Madhu (dialogues)
| producer = Prabhakar
| starring = [[Shiva Rajkumar]] [[Radhika Kumaraswamy|Radhika]] Deepu
| music = [[Hamsalekha]]
| cinematography = R. Giri
| editing = K. Eshwar
| studio = Vijay Films
| released = {{film date|df=y|2005|11|4}}
| runtime = 150 min
| language = Kannada
| country = India
| gross = {{Estimation}} {{INR}}3.9 crore<ref>{{cite news|last=Vijayasarathy |first=R. G. |author-link=R. G. Vijayasarathy|title='Anna Thangi' continues onward march |url=http://www.latestcinema.com:80/kannada/Anna-Thangi-kannada-film-onward.html |access-date=20 May 2017 |work=[[Indo-Asian News Service]] |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060619082451/http://www.latestcinema.com/kannada/Anna-Thangi-kannada-film-onward.html |archive-date=19 June 2006 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
}}

'''''Anna Thangi''''' ({{translation|Elder brother, Younger sister}}) is a 2005 Indian [[Kannada]]-language [[drama film]] starring [[Shiva Rajkumar]] and [[Radhika Kumaraswamy|Radhika]]. It depicts the story of an elder brother's love and affection for younger sister. The film is directed and written by [[Om Sai Prakash]] and produced under Vijay films banner. The film, upon release, met with positive reviews and was remade into Telugu as ''[[Gorintaku (2008 film)|Gorintaku]]''.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://thesouthfirst.com/entertainment/hit-kannada-films-of-shivanna-that-were-remade-in-other-languages/ | title=Hit films of Kannada superstar Shivanna that were remade in other languages | date=12 July 2023|work=The South First |access-date=1 April 2025 }}</ref>

== Plot ==
{{More plot|date=April 2025}}
Lakshmi's husband becomes a pauper after his brothers cheat him, and he is sent to jail. Lakshmi's life turns upside down when she becomes dependent on Shivanna, her brother.

== Cast ==
{{Colbegin}}
*[[Shiva Rajkumar]] as Shivanna and his father
*[[Radhika Kumaraswamy|Radhika]] as Lakshmi
*Deepu
*[[Hema Choudhary]]
*[[Srinivasa Murthy]]
*[[Sudharani]] as Shivanna and Lakshmi's mother
*[[Doddanna]]
*Vishal Hegde as Prakash
*[[Sundar Raj]]
*Dharma
*Rekha Kumar
*Soumyalatha
*Kamala Prakash
*B. K. Shankar
*[[Vaijanath Biradar]]
*[[Dingri Nagaraj]]
*Escorts Srinivas
*Rathasapthami Aravind
*Rajashekhar Kotian
*[[Mukhyamantri Chandru]]
*[[Bank Janardhan]]
*[[Ramesh Bhat]]
*[[Sadhu Kokila]]
*[[Tennis Krishna]]
*[[Joe Simon (director)|Joe Simon]]
{{Colend}}

==Production==
The film saw the cast and crew of ''[[Thavarige Baa Thangi]]'' (2002), consisting of star cast Shivarajkumar, Radhika, director Sai Prakash and composer Hamsalekha, collaborating for second time. The film was launched at Doddaganapathi temple at Basavanagudi. [[Parvathamma Rajkumar]] switched on the camera while Geetha Shivarajkumar lit the lamp.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://chitraloka.com/sections/action_cut/anna_thangi.html|date=4 March 2005|access-date=4 September 2005|title=TRIO OF TBT AGAIN|website=Chitraloka|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050312022000/http://chitraloka.com/sections/action_cut/anna_thangi.html|archive-date=12 March 2005|last=CNB}}</ref>

==Soundtrack==
All the songs are composed, written and scored by [[Hamsalekha]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.raaga.com/channels/kannada/album/K0000116.html |title=Anna Thangi Songs - Anna Thangi Kannada Movie Songs - Kannada Songs Lyrics Trailer Videos, Preview Stills Reviews |access-date=19 December 2013 |archive-date=19 December 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131219183833/http://www.raaga.com/channels/kannada/album/K0000116.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> The song "Preethse Preethse" from ''[[Preethse]]'' was imitated by Hema Chaudhary and Sadhu Kokila in the film. The music director of the Telugu version (''[[Gorintaku (2008 film)|Gorintaku]]'') - [[S. A. Rajkumar|S.A.Rajkumar]] retained three songs from this movie.

{|class="wikitable"
! Sl No !! Song title !! Singer(s)
|-
| 1 || "Anna Thangiyara Anubandha" || [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]], [[K. S. Chithra]]
|-
| 2 || "Dum Dum Dum" || K. S. Chithra, [[Udit Narayan]]
|-
| 3 || "Hubbaliya Shehardaage" || [[KK (singer)|K.K]], [[Anuradha Sriram]]
|-
| 4 || "Thavarumane Eega" || K. S. Chithra, Anuradha Sriram, [[Madhu Balakrishnan]]
|-
| 5 || "Gandasu Horagade" || [[Sunidhi Chauhan]]
|-
| 6 || "Anna Nammavanadaru" || K. S. Chithra
|-
|}

==Reception ==
Film critic [[R. G. Vijayasarathy]] of ''IANS'' wrote that "If you are a fan of weepy, sentimental film with old style narration, then 'Anna Thangi' may well please you".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nowrunning.com/movie/2596/kannada/anna-thangi/618/review.htm|title=Anna Thangi Kannada Movie Review by RGV|work=[[Indo-Asian News Service|IANS]]|via=Nowrunning|date=3 November 2005}}</ref> ''[[Chitraloka.com|Chitraloka]]'' wrote "The story of 'Anna Thangi' is as old as the days of 'Anna Thangi'. True. What father has done the son repeats but in the 21st century. 'Thavaru' brand Director Saiprakash has added the extra luxury for the film producer Prabhakar has borne it. Lorry loads of sentiments makes your eyes to collect tears. Finally when you return from the theatre such a situation should not come to brother and sentiments! But where are such brothers and sisters in this world yaar!".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.chitraloka.com/movie-reviews/722-anna-thangi-review.html|title=Anna Thangi|website=[[Chitraloka.com|Chitraloka]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131220031509/https://www.chitraloka.com/movie-reviews/722-anna-thangi-review.html|date=4 November 2005|archive-date=20 December 2013|access-date=1 April 2025}}</ref> S. N. Deepak of ''[[Deccan Herald]]'' wrote "The first part of the film is the celebration of the brother-sister relationship while the other part deals with the ups and downs of their life. Saiprakash who is an expert in portraying such things does his job neatly. What is new about this film is that he has retold the old story of brother-sister bond".<ref>{{cite web|title=Anna Thangi|website=[[Deccan Herald]]|access-date=1 April 2025|date=6 November 2005|first=S. N.|last=Deepak|url=http://www.deccanherald.com/deccanherald/nov62005/movies1723172005115.asp|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060518200347/http://www.deccanherald.com/deccanherald/nov62005/movies1723172005115.asp|archive-date=18 May 2006}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title}}
{{Sai Prakash}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Anna Thangi}}
[[Category:2005 films]]
[[Category:2005 Kannada-language films]]
[[Category:2005 Indian films]]
[[Category:Indian drama films]]
[[Category:Films scored by Hamsalekha]]
[[Category:Kannada films remade in other languages]]
[[Category:Films directed by Sai Prakash]]
[[Category:2005 drama films]]

{{2000s-Kannada-film-stub}}

Pedro (2021 film)

2026-03-03T12:15:53Z

Vilianawge: starting basic details more to come

{{short description|Indian film}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2025}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Pedro
| image = Pedro (2021 film).jpg
| alt =
| caption = Promotional poster
| native_name = 
| director = Natesh Hegde
| writer = Natesh Hegde
| screenplay =
| story =
| based_on = 
| producer = [[Rishab Shetty]]
| starring = Gopal Hegde
| narrator =
| cinematography = Vikas Urs
| editing = Paresh Kamdar Natesh Hegde
| music =
| studio = Rishab Shetty Films
| distributor =
| released ={{Film date|df=yes|2021|10|9|[[Busan International Film Festival]]|ref1=<ref name=V1>{{Cite web|url=https://variety.com/2021/film/news/pedro-natesh-hegde-busan-london-festival-1235075008/|title=Busan and London Selection 'Pedro' Explores the Outsider in Society|first=Naman|last=Ramachandran|date=28 September 2021}}</ref>}}
| runtime = 108 minutes
| country = India
| language = Kannada
| budget =
| gross =
}}
'''''Pedro''''' is a 2021 Indian [[Kannada]]-language film directed by Natesh Hegde and starring Gopal Hegde in the titular role.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://variety.com/2019/film/asia/film-bazaar-pedro-swizerland-pinki-win-prizes-1203415275/|title='Pedro,' 'Swizerland,' and 'Pinki' Win Film Bazaar Prizes|first=Naman|last=Ramachandran|date=25 November 2019}}</ref> The film was released in film festivals.<ref name=V1 />

== Cast ==
*Gopal Hegde as Pedro
*Ramakrishna Bhat Dundi as the village leader
*[[Raj B. Shetty]] as a vigilante
*Medini Kelmane as Julie
*Nagaraj Hegde as Bastyava
*Charan Naik as Vinnu

== Reception ==
A critic from ''[[Screen Daily]]'' wrote that "Deliberately paced but hardly sedate, ''Pedro'' is a confident feature debut, with Hegde’s decision to forgo score in favour of Shreyank Nanjappa’s subtly enveloping sound design making its regional portrait particularly immersive".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.screendaily.com/reviews/pedro-busan-review/5164074.article|title='Pedro': Busan Review|first=John|last=Berra|date=2021-10-08|website=Screen}}</ref> A critic from ''[[NDTV]]'' rated the film four out of five stars and wrote that "Taken in its entirety, Pedro is a quietly searing portrait of isolation, insularity and intolerance couched in the colours of a lush landscape".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/pedro-review-natesh-hegdes-film-is-a-sharp-cut-gem-that-shines-bright-4-stars-2569729|title=Pedro Review: Natesh Hegde's Film Is A Sharp-Cut Gem That Shines Bright|work=[[NDTV]]|first=Saibal|last=Chatterjee|date=9 October 2021|access-date=4 June 2024}}</ref> A critic from ''[[Deccan Herald]]'' wrote that "Be it life or art, things left unsaid are the most powerful. When a tragedy is left to the imagination of the audience, it keeps haunting them for a long time. This is exactly what Natesh Hegde’s award-winning movie ''Pedro'' achieves, with its fine story-telling".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/entertainment/pedro-review-when-the-unsaid-haunts-you-1142649.html|title='Pedro' review: When the unsaid haunts you|first=Shree D.|last=N.|website=Deccan Herald}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{IMDb title|15347602}}

{{Improve categories|date=June 2024}}

[[Category:2021 Kannada-language films]]
[[Category:2021 Indian films]]

Hyderabad Lok Sabha constituency

2026-03-03T00:00:14Z

Vilianawge: Added Data

{{short description|Lok Sabha Constituency in State of Telangana}}
{{for|the Old city|Old City (Hyderabad, India)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2019}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| type = LS
| name = Hyderabad {{Small|TG-9}}
| incumbent_image = Asaduddin.jpg
| constituency_no =
| map_image = {{Maplink|frame=yes|plain=y|frame-width=300|frame-height=300|frame-align=center|type=shape|from=Lok Sabha constituencies/2019/Telangana/Hyderabad.map}}
| map_caption =
| established = 1951
| party = {{Party index link|All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen}}
| alliance = {{Party index link|Independent politician|shortname=None}}
| incumbent_image_alt =
| mp = [[Asaduddin Owaisi]]
| latest_election_year = [[2024 Indian general election in Telangana|2024]]
| preceded_by = [[Sultan Salahuddin Owaisi]]
| state = [[Telangana]]
| reservation = None
| assembly_cons = [[Malakpet Assembly constituency|Malakpet]] [[Karwan Assembly constituency|Karwan]] [[Goshamahal Assembly constituency|Goshamahal]] [[Charminar Assembly constituency|Charminar]] [[Chandrayangutta Assembly constituency|Chandrayangutta]] [[Yakutpura Assembly constituency|Yakutpura]] [[Bahadurpura Assembly constituency|Bahadurpura]]
| abolished =
| electors = 22,17,094<ref name="auto">{{Cite web | url=https://elections24.eci.gov.in/docs/WYKXFehhEH.pdf | title=EC releases absolute number of voters for all completed phases | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240526095942/https://elections24.eci.gov.in/docs/WYKXFehhEH.pdf | archive-date=26 May 2024 }}</ref>
}}

'''Hyderabad Lok Sabha constituency''' is one of the seventeen (17) [[Lok Sabha]] (Lower House of the Parliament) constituencies in [[Telangana]] state in southern [[India]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://election.rediff.com/report/2009/apr/17/loksabhapoll-lowest-turnout-in-hyderabad-leaves-mim-guessing.htm |title=Lowest turnout in Hyderabad leaves MIM guessing - Lok Sabha Election news - Rediff.com |publisher=Election.rediff.com |date=2009-04-17 |access-date=2014-06-05}}</ref><ref name="ceo">{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/CurrentElections/CONSOLIDATED_ORDER%20_ECI%20.pdf|title=Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 2008|publisher=The Election Commission of India|page=29}}</ref> Delimitation of Hyderabad Lok Sabha Constituency took place in 2008.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hindu.com/2008/03/20/stories/2008032058560300.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080430205542/http://www.hindu.com/2008/03/20/stories/2008032058560300.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=2008-04-30 |title=Andhra Pradesh / Hyderabad News : Assembly constituencies only in name! |date=2008-03-20 |work=[[The Hindu]] |access-date=2014-06-05}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=Ravi Reddy |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/will-greater-hyderabad-bring-poll-gains-for-congress/article5053275.ece |title=Will Greater Hyderabad bring poll gains for Congress? |work=The Hindu |date=2013-08-24 |access-date=2014-06-05}}</ref> Apart from Hyderabad constituency, there are four other Lok Sabha constituencies in and around [[Greater Hyderabad Municipal Corporation|capital city of Hyderabad]] -[[Malkajgiri Lok Sabha constituency|Malkajgiri]], [[Secunderabad Lok Sabha constituency|Secunderabad]], [[Chevella Lok Sabha constituency|Chevella]] and [[Medak Lok Sabha constituency|Medak]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/GHMC-in-dilemma-over-ex-officio-members/articleshow/5280541.cms|title=GHMC in dilemma over ex-officio members|website=[[The Times of India]]|date=29 November 2009 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=+ val.created_at + |url=http://www.ndtv.com/elections/article/election-2014/trs-chief-k-chandrasekhar-rao-likely-to-have-smooth-sailing-in-medak-lok-sabha-seat-510285 |title=TRS chief K Chandrasekhar Rao likely to have smooth sailing in Medak Lok Sabha seat |publisher=NDTV.com |date=2014-04-18 |access-date=2014-06-05}}</ref>

{{Pie chart
|value1 = 55.55
|value2 = 27.77
|value3 = 5.56
|value4 = 5.56
|value5 = 5.56
|label1 = [[All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen|'''AIMIM''']] (10 terms)
|label2 = [[Indian National Congress|'''INC''']] (5 terms)
|label3 = [[Telangana Praja Samithi|'''TPS''']] (1 term)
|label4 = [[Indian National Congress (I)|'''INC (I)''']] (1 term)
|label5 = [[Independent (politician)|'''Independent''']] (1 terms)
|color1 = {{party color|All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen}}
|color2 = {{party color|Indian National Congress}}
|color3 = {{party color|Telangana Praja Samithi}}
|color4 = #0ef4e1
|color5 = {{party color|Independent (politician)}}
|caption = [[All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen]] is Most successful political party in Hyderabad (Telangana) Lok Sabha elections
}}

==Assembly segments==
{|class="wikitable"
!No
!Name
!District
!Member
!colspan=2 |Party
!colspan=2 |Leading {{small|(in 2024)}}
|-
|58
|[[Malakpet Assembly constituency|Malakpet]]
| rowspan="7" |[[Hyderabad District, India|Hyderabad]]
|[[Ahmed Bin Abdullah Balala]]
|{{party name with color|All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen|rowspan=2}}
|{{party name with color|All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen|rowspan=2}}
|-
|64
|[[Karwan Assembly constituency|Karwan]]
|[[Kausar Mohiuddin]]
|-
|65
|[[Goshamahal Assembly constituency|Goshamahal]]
|[[T. Raja Singh]]
|{{party name with color|Independent|shortname=IND}}
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|66
|[[Charminar Assembly constituency|Charminar]]
|[[Mir Zulfeqar Ali]]
|{{party name with color|All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen|rowspan=4}}
|{{party name with color|All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen|rowspan=4}}
|-
|67
|[[Chandrayangutta Assembly constituency|Chandrayangutta]]
|[[Akbaruddin Owaisi]]
|-
|68
|[[Yakutpura Assembly constituency|Yakutpura]]
|[[Jaffer Hussain|Jaffer Hussain Mehraj]]
|-
|69
|[[Bahadurpura Assembly constituency|Bahadurpura]]
|[[Mohammed Mubeen]]
|-
|}

=== Hyderabad Lok Sabha constituency Delimitation History ===
Following Assembly constituencies were included in Hyderabad constituency during delimitation every time.<ref>{{Cite web| url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/category/146-archive-delimitation-orders/ | title=Archive Delimitation Orders | access-date=14 February 2020 | archive-date=29 May 2019 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190529102849/https://eci.gov.in/files/category/146-archive-delimitation-orders/ | url-status=live}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! S.No !! Delimitation implemented Year !! Assembly constituencies Included
|-
|1
| 1952
| Mushirabad, Somajiguda, Chadarghat, Begum Bazar, Shalibanda, Karwan, Hyderabad city.
|-
|2
| 1957
| Sultan Bazar, Begum Bazar, Asifnagar, High court, Malakpet, Yakatpura, Phattargatti.
|-
|3
| 1962
| Sultan Bazar, Begum Bazar, Asifnagar, High court, Malakpet, Yakatpura, Phattargatti.
|-
|4
| 1967
| Tandur, Vikarabad, Chevella, Sitarambagh, Malakpet, Yakutpura, Charminar.
|-
|5
| 1977
| Tandur, Vikarabad, Chevella, Karwan, Malakpet, Yakutpura, Charminar.
|-
|6
| 2009
| Malakpet, Karwan, Goshamahal, Charminar, Chandrayangutta, Yakutpura, Bahadurpura.
|-
|}

==Members of Parliament==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Year!!Member<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hyderabad (Telangana) Lok Sabha Election Results 2019 -Hyderabad Parliamentary Constituencies, Winning MP and Party Name |url=https://www.elections.in/telangana/parliamentary-constituencies/hyderabad.html |access-date= |website=www.elections.in}}</ref>
! colspan="2" |Party
|-
! colspan=4| [[Hyderabad State (1948–1956)|Hyderabad State]]
|-
|[[1952 Indian general election|1952]]||[[Ahmed Mohiuddin (politician)|Ahmed Mohiuddin]]
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=1}}
|-
! colspan=4| [[Andhra Pradesh]]
|-
|[[1957 Indian general election|1957]]||[[Vinayak Rao Koratkar]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=3}}
|-
|[[1962 Indian general election|1962]]|| rowspan="3" |[[G. S. Melkote|Gopaliah Subbukrishna Melkote]]
|-
|[[1967 Indian general election|1967]]
|-
|[[1971 Indian general election|1971]]
|{{Full party name with color|Telangana Praja Samithi}}
|-
|[[1977 Indian general election|1977]]|| rowspan="2" |K. S. Narayana
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[1980 Indian general election|1980]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress (I)|dab=yes}}
|-
|[[1984 Indian general election|1984]]|| rowspan="6" |[[Sultan Salahuddin Owaisi]]
|style="background-color: {{party color|Independent (politician)}}"|
|[[Independent (politician)|Independent]]
|-
|[[1989 Indian general election|1989]]
| rowspan="7" style="background-color: {{party color|All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen}}" |
| rowspan="7" |[[All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen]]
|-
|[[1991 Indian general election|1991]]
|-
|[[1996 Indian general election|1996]]
|-
|[[1998 Indian general election|1998]]
|-
|[[1999 Indian general election|1999]]
|-
|[[2004 Indian general election|2004]]|| rowspan="2" |[[Asaduddin Owaisi]]
|-
|[[2009 Indian general election|2009]]
|-
! colspan=4| [[Telangana]]
|-
|[[2014 Indian general election|2014]]|| rowspan="3" |[[Asaduddin Owaisi]]
| rowspan="3" style="background-color: {{party color|All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen}}" |
| rowspan="3" |[[All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen]]
|-
|[[2019 Indian general election|2019]]
|-
|[[2024 Indian general election|2024]]
|}

==Election results==

{{bar box
|float=right
|title= Vote share of Winning candidates
|titlebar=#ddd
|width=300px
|barwidth=275px
|bars=
{{bar percent|[[#General Elections 2024|2024]]|{{party color|All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen}}|61.28}}
{{bar percent|[[#General Elections 2019|2019]]|{{party color|All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen}}|58.90}}
{{bar percent|[[#General Elections 2014|2014]]|{{party color|All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen}}|52.94}}
{{bar percent|[[#General Elections 2009|2009]]|{{party color|All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen}}|42.14}}
{{bar percent|[[#General Elections 2004|2004]]|{{party color|All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen}}|37.39}}
{{bar percent|[[#General Elections 1999|1999]]|{{party color|All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen}}|41.36}}
{{bar percent|[[#General Elections 1998|1998]]|{{party color|All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen}}|44.65}}
{{bar percent|[[#General Elections 1996|1996]]|{{party color|All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen}}|34.57}}
{{bar percent|[[#General Elections 1991|1991]]|{{party color|All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen}}|46.18}}
{{bar percent|[[#General Elections 1989|1989]]|{{party color|All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen}}|45.91}}
{{bar percent|[[#General Elections 1984|1984]]|{{party color|Independent}}|38.13}}
{{bar percent|[[#General Elections 1980|1980]]|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|39.24}}
{{bar percent|[[#General Elections 1977|1977]]|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|46.00}}
{{bar percent|[[#General Elections 1971|1971]]|{{party color|Telangana Praja Samithi}}|57.27}}
{{bar percent|[[#General Elections 1967|1967]]|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|45.23}}
{{bar percent|[[#General Elections 1962|1962]]|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|56.19}}
{{bar percent|[[#General Elections 1957|1957]]|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|66.16}}
{{bar percent|[[#General Elections 1952|1952]]|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|47.41}}
}}

===General election, 2024===
{{Election box begin | title = [[2024 Indian general election]]: [[Hyderabad]]}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[Asaduddin Owaisi]]
|party=All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen
|votes=6,61,981
|percentage=61.28
|change={{increase}}2.38
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate=Kompella Madhavi Latha
|party=Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes=323,894
|percentage=29.98
|change={{increase}}3.18
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate=Mohammed Waliullah Sameer
|party=Indian National Congress
|votes=62,962
|percentage=5.83
|change={{increase}}0.14
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate=Gaddam Srinivas Yadav
|party=Bharat Rashtra Samithi
|votes=18,641
|percentage=1.73
|change={{decrease}}5.37
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate=[[None of the above]]
|party=None of the above
|votes=2,906
|percentage=0.27
|change={{decrease}}0.37
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes=3,38,087
|percentage=31.29
|change={{decrease}}0.86
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes=10,80,324
|percentage=48.73
|change={{increase}}3.64
}}
{{Election box registered electors
|reg. electors = 22,17,094
|ref=<ref name="auto"/>
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
| winner =All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen
| swing ={{increase}}3.64
}}
{{Election box end}}

===General election, 2019===
{{Election box begin | title = [[2019 Indian general election]]: [[Hyderabad]]}}

{{Election box winning candidate with party link|party=All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen|candidate=Asaduddin Owaisi|votes=517,471|percentage=58.94|change={{increase}}5.70}}{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Bharatiya Janata Party|candidate=Dr. Bhagavanth Rao Pawar|votes=235,285|percentage=26.80|change={{down}}5.25}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Bharat Rashtra Samithi|candidate=Pusthe Srikanth|votes=63,239|percentage=7.20|change={{decrease}}3.37}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Indian National Congress|candidate=Mohammad Feroz Khan|votes=49,944|percentage=5.69|change={{decrease}}0.62}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=[[None of the above]]|party=None of the above|votes=5,663|percentage=0.64|change=N/A}}
{{Election box majority|votes=282,187|percentage=32.15|change={{increase}}11.32}}
{{Election box turnout|votes=877,941|percentage=44.84|change={{decrease}}8.46}}
{{Election box hold with party link
| winner = All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen
| swing = {{increase}}6.01
}}
{{Election box end}}

===General election, 2014===
{{Election box begin | title = [[2014 Indian general election]]: [[Hyderabad]]}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
| party = All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen
| candidate = [[Asaduddin Owaisi]]
| votes = 513,868
| percentage = 52.94
| change = {{increase}}10.80
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Bharatiya Janata Party|candidate=Dr.Bhagavanth Rao Pawar|votes=311,414|percentage=32.05|change={{increase}}21.72}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Indian National Congress|candidate=S. Krishna Reddy|votes=49,310|percentage=5.07|change={{decrease}}7.78}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Bharat Rashtra Samithi|candidate=Rashid Shareef|votes=37,195|percentage=3.83|change={{increase}}3.83}}
{{Election box candidate|party=PPoI|candidate=Binghi Rajashekar|votes=21,796|percentage=2.24|change={{increase}}0.45}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=YSR Congress Party|candidate=Boddu Sainath Reddy|votes=10,743|percentage=1.11|change={{No change}}}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Aam Aadmi Party|candidate=[[Lubna Sarwath]]|votes=6,118|percentage=0.63|change={{No change}}}}
{{Election box majority|votes=202,454|percentage=20.83|change={{increase}} 5.25}}
{{Election box turnout|votes=971,770|percentage=53.30|change={{increase}} 0.82}}
{{Election box registered electors
| reg. electors = {{formatnum:1823217}}
| ref = <ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-08-10 |title=General Election 2014 |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/category/97-general-election-2014/ |access-date=2024-03-04 |website=Election Commission of India |language=en-IN}}</ref>
| change = {{increase}}
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
| winner = All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen
| swing = {{increase}}10.74
}}
{{Election box end}}

===General election, 2009===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2009 Indian general election]]: [[Hyderabad]]}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
| party = All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen
| candidate = [[Asaduddin Owaisi]]
| votes = 308,061
| percentage = 42.14
| change = {{increase}}3.75
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Telugu Desam Party|candidate=Zahid Ali Khan|votes=194,196|percentage=26.56|change={{increase}}26.56}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Indian National Congress|candidate=P. Laxman Rao Goud|votes=93,917|percentage=12.85|change={{decrease}}12.44}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Bharatiya Janata Party|candidate=Satish Agarwal|votes=75,503|percentage=10.33|change={{decrease}}17.92}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Praja Rajyam Party|candidate=A. Fatima|votes=24,433|percentage=3.34|change=}}
{{Election box majority|votes=113,865|percentage=15.58|change={{increase}}5.44}}
{{Election box turnout|votes=731,108|percentage=52.47|change={{decrease}}3.26}}
{{Election box registered electors
| reg. electors = {{formatnum: }}
| ref =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
| winner = All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen
| swing = {{increase}}3.75
}}
{{Election box end}}

===General election, 2004===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2004 Indian general election]]: [[Hyderabad]]}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
| party = All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen
| candidate = [[Asaduddin Owaisi]]
| votes = 3,78,856
| percentage = 37.39
| change = {{decrease}}2.97
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Bharatiya Janata Party|candidate=G. Subash Chanderji|votes=278,709|percentage=28.25|change={{decrease}}7.49}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Indian National Congress|candidate=[[Konda Lakshma Reddy]]|votes=249,516|percentage=25.29|change={{increase}}6.78}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Majlis Bachao Tehreek|candidate=Majeedullah Khan|votes=47,560|percentage=4.82|change=}}
{{Election box majority|votes=100,145|percentage=10.14|change={{increase}}4.52}}
{{Election box turnout|votes=986,737|percentage=55.73|change={{decrease}}13.42}}
{{Election box registered electors
| reg. electors = {{formatnum: }}
| ref =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
| winner = All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen
| swing = {{decrease}}2.97
}}
{{Election box end}}

===General election, 1999===
{{Election box begin | title=[[1999 Indian general election]]: [[Hyderabad]]}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
| party = All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen
| candidate = [[Sultan Salahuddin Owaisi]]
| votes = 448,165
| percentage = 41.36
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Bharatiya Janata Party|candidate=Baddam Bal Reddy|votes=387,344|percentage=35.74|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Indian National Congress|candidate=[[Konda Lakshma Reddy]]|votes=200,642|percentage=18.51|change=}}
{{Election box candidate
| party = [[Anna Telugu Desam Party|ATDP]]
| candidate = Jai Prakash Singh Lodhi
| votes = 15,074
| percentage = 1.39
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=NTR Telugu Desam Party (Lakshmi Parvathi)|candidate=Khudratulla Khan|votes=13,041|percentage=1.20|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Independent (politician)|candidate=Mir Hadi Ali|votes=11,328|percentage=1.05|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Independent (politician)|candidate=Bhagwan Dass|votes=8,084|percentage=0.75|change=}}
{{Election box majority|votes=60,821|percentage=5.62|change=}}
{{Election box turnout|votes=1,083,678|percentage=69.15|change=}}
{{Election box registered electors
| reg. electors = {{formatnum: }}
| ref =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
| winner = All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen
| swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===General Election, 1998===
{{Election box begin | title=[[1998 Indian general election]]: [[Hyderabad]]}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
| party = All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen
| candidate = Sultan Salahuddin Owaisi
| votes = 485,785
| percentage = 44.65
| change = {{increase}} 10.08
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Bharatiya Janata Party
| candidate = Baddam Bal Reddy
| votes = 414,173
| percentage = 38.07
| change = {{increase}} 11.39
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Indian National Congress
| candidate = Laxma Reddy Kichannagari
| votes = 94,756
| percentage = 8.71
| change = {{decrease}} 2.75
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Telugu Desam Party
| candidate = K. S. Ratnam
| votes = 76,216
| percentage = 7.00
| change = {{increase}} 0.72
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent
| candidate = 10 Independent Candidates
| votes = 10,012
| percentage = 0.93
| change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate
| party = Others
| candidate = 4 Other Candidates
| votes = 7,118
| percentage = 0.65
| change = N/A
}}
{{Election box majority
| votes = 71,612
| percentage = 6.58
| change = {{decrease}} 1.31
}}
{{Election box turnout
| votes = 10,88,060
| percentage = 73.16
| change = {{increase}} 9.79
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
| winner = All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen
| swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===General Election, 1996===
{{Election box begin | title=[[1996 Indian general election]]: [[Hyderabad]]}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
| party = All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen
| candidate = [[Sultan Salahuddin Owaisi]]
| votes = 321,045
| percentage = 34.57
| change = {{decrease}} 11.61
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Bharatiya Janata Party
| candidate = [[Venkaiah Naidu]]
| votes = 247,772
| percentage = 26.68
| change = {{decrease}} 15.49
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Indian National Congress
| candidate = [[Ponguleti Sudhakar Reddy| P. Sudhakar Reddy]]
| votes = 106,444
| percentage = 11.46
| change = {{increase}} 8.06
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Majlis Bachao Tehreek
| candidate = [[Amanullah Khan (Indian politician)|Md. Amanulla Khan]]
| votes = 77,229
| percentage = 8.32
| change = {{new}}
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = NTR Telugu Desam Party (Lakshmi Parvathi)
| candidate = P. Mahender Reddy
| votes = 64,968
| percentage = 7.00
| change = {{new}}
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Telugu Desam Party
| candidate = T. Krishna Reddy
| votes = 58,287
| percentage = 6.28
| change = {{increase}} 1.25
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent
| candidate = 40 Independent Candidates
| votes = 43,591
| percentage = 4.70
| change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate
| party = Others
| candidate = 7 Other Candidates
| votes = 9,368
| percentage = 1.01
| change = N/A
}}
{{Election box majority
| votes = 73,273
| percentage = 7.89
| change = {{increase}} 3.88
}}
{{Election box turnout
| votes = 928,704
| percentage = 63.37
| change = {{decrease}} 13.75
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
| winner = All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen
| swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===General Election, 1991===
{{Election box begin | title=[[1991 Indian general election]]: [[Hyderabad]]}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
| party = All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen
| candidate = [[Sultan Salahuddin Owaisi]]
| votes = 454,823
| percentage = 46.18
| change = {{increase}} 0.27
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Bharatiya Janata Party
| candidate = Baddam Bal Reddy
| votes = 415,299
| percentage = 42.17
| change = {{new}}
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Telugu Desam Party
| candidate = Indra Reddy Patlola
| votes = 49,513
| percentage = 5.03
| change = {{decrease}} 25.74
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Indian National Congress
| candidate = M. Shivashankar
| votes = 33,519
| percentage = 3.40
| change = {{decrease}} 18.23
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent
| candidate = Mohd. Hameedul Rahman
| votes = 8,898
| percentage = 0.90
| change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent
| candidate = Khaja Hakeemuddin
| votes = 5,183
| percentage = 0.53
| change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent
| candidate = Chatur Singh Shastri
| votes = 4,058
| percentage = 0.41
| change = N/A
}}
{{Election box majority
| votes = 39,524
| percentage = 4.01
| change = {{decrease}} 11.13
}}
{{Election box turnout
| votes = 9,84,878
| percentage = 77.12
| change = {{increase}} 5.82
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
| winner = All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen
| swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===General Election, 1989===
{{Election box begin | title=[[1989 Indian general election]]: [[Hyderabad]]}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
| party = All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen
| candidate = [[Sultan Salahuddin Owaisi]]
| votes = 403,625
| percentage = 45.91
| change = {{new}}
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Telugu Desam Party
| candidate = Teegala Krishna Reddy
| votes = 270,547
| percentage = 30.77
| change = {{decrease}} 6.76
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Indian National Congress
| candidate = Lakshman Reddy
| votes = 190,132
| percentage = 21.63
| change = {{decrease}} 0.72
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent
| candidate = Mir Sabir Ali
| votes = 3,837
| percentage = 0.44
| change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent
| candidate = R. Chandra Kant
| votes = 2,011
| percentage = 0.23
| change = N/A
}}
{{Election box majority
| votes = 133,078
| percentage = 15.14
| change = {{increase}} 14.54
}}
{{Election box turnout
| votes = 8,79,187
| percentage = 71.30
| change = {{decrease}} 5.46
}}
{{Election box gain with party link
| winner = All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen
| loser = Independent
| swing =
}}

{{Election box end}}

===General Election, 1984===
{{Election box begin | title=[[1984 Indian general election]]: [[Hyderabad]]}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
| party = Independent
| candidate = [[Sultan Salahuddin Owaisi]]
| votes = 222,187
| percentage = 38.13
| change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Telugu Desam Party
| candidate = K. Prabhakara Reddy
| votes = 218,706
| percentage = 37.53
| change = {{new}}
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Indian National Congress
| candidate = [[V. Hanumantha Rao]]
| votes = 130,272
| percentage = 22.35
| change = {{decrease}} 16.89
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent
| candidate = M. Yadaiah
| votes = 3,234
| percentage = 0.55
| change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent
| candidate = Syed Mohd. Pasha Qadri
| votes = 2,767
| percentage = 0.47
| change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent
| candidate = Raja Ram Shastry
| votes = 2,339
| percentage = 0.40
| change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent
| candidate = K. Sesha Chary
| votes = 1,792
| percentage = 0.31
| change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent
| candidate = Narottam Lal Gupta
| votes = 806
| percentage = 0.14
| change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent
| candidate = Abdul Hakeem
| votes = 671
| percentage = 0.12
| change = N/A
}}
{{Election box majority
| votes = 3,481
| percentage = 0.60
| change = {{decrease}} 6.82
}}
{{Election box turnout
| votes = 5,82,774
| percentage = 76.76
| change = {{increase}} 13.32
}}
{{Election box gain with party link
| winner = Independent
| loser = Indian National Congress
| swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===General Election, 1980===
{{Election box begin | title=[[1980 Indian general election]]: [[Hyderabad]]}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
| party = Indian National Congress (I)
| candidate = K. S. Narayana
| votes = 166,868
| percentage = 39.24
| change = {{decrease}} 6.76
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Janata Party
| candidate = [[Ale Narendra]]
| votes = 135,304
| percentage = 31.82
| change = {{increase}} 6.31
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent
| candidate = [[Mohd Amanullah Khan]]
| votes = 112,132
| percentage = 26.37
| change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent
| candidate = Maladi Venkata Subbamma
| votes = 6,129
| percentage = 1.44
| change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Indian National Congress (U)
| candidate = J. B. Muthyal Rao
| votes = 3,966
| percentage = 0.93
| change = {{new}}
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Republican Party of India
| candidate = Rajaram Shastry
| votes = 839
| percentage = 0.20
| change = {{increase}} 0.72
}}
{{Election box majority
| votes = 31,564
| percentage = 7.42
| change = {{decrease}} 11.73
}}
{{Election box turnout
| votes = 4,25,238
| percentage = 63.44
| change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
| winner = Indian National Congress (I)
| swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===General Election, 1977===
{{Election box begin | title=[[1977 Indian general election]]: [[Hyderabad]]}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
| party = Indian National Congress
| candidate = K. S. Narayana
| votes = 156,295
| percentage = 46.00
| change = {{new}}
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent
| candidate = [[Sultan Salahuddin Owaisi]]
| votes = 91,227
| percentage = 26.85
| change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Janata Party
| candidate = Mir Ahmed Ali Khan
| votes = 86,689
| percentage = 25.51
| change = {{new}}
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Republican Party of India
| candidate = Raja Ram Shastry
| votes = 3,138
| percentage = 0.92
| change = {{new}}
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent
| candidate = Gummakonda Srinivasa Reddy
| votes = 2,424
| percentage = 0.71
| change = N/A
}}
{{Election box majority
| votes = 65,068
| percentage = 19.15
| change = {{decrease}} 1.82
}}
{{Election box turnout
| votes =
| percentage =
| change =
}}
{{Election box gain with party link
| winner = Indian National Congress
| loser = Telangana Praja Samithi
| swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===General Election, 1971===
{{Election box begin | title=[[1971 Indian general election]]: [[Hyderabad]]}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
| party = Telangana Praja Samithi
| candidate = G. S. Melkote
| votes = 134,941
| percentage = 57.27
| change = {{new}}
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent
| candidate = Badr-ud-din Tyabji
| votes = 85,529
| percentage = 36.30
| change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent
| candidate = Rayasam Venkat Rao
| votes = 4,324
| percentage = 1.84
| change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent
| candidate = Mir Faiz Ali Shaheen
| votes = 3,000
| percentage = 1.27
| change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Telangana Congress
| candidate = Capt. Mohd. Zahiruzzaman Ansari
| votes = 2,516
| percentage = 1.07
| change = {{new}}
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent
| candidate = Abdul Majeed Khan
| votes = 1,180
| percentage = 0.50
| change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate
| party = Others
| candidate = Other 2 Parties
| votes = 4,134
| percentage = 1.76
| change = N/A
}}
{{Election box majority
| votes = 49,412
| percentage = 20.97
| change = {{increase}} 3.15
}}
{{Election box turnout
| votes =
| percentage =
| change =
}}
{{Election box gain with party link
| winner = Telangana Praja Samithi
| loser = Indian National Congress
| swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===General Election, 1967===
{{Election box begin | title=[[1967 Indian general election]]: [[Hyderabad]]}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
| party = Indian National Congress
| candidate = [[G. S. Melkote]]
| votes = 115,709
| percentage = 45.23
| change = {{decrease}} 10.96
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent
| candidate = V. R. Rao
| votes = 70,124
| percentage = 27.41
| change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent
| candidate = A. Hussain
| votes = 69,968
| percentage = 27.35
| change = N/A
}}
{{Election box majority
| votes = 45,585
| percentage = 17.82
| change = {{decrease}} 7.27
}}
{{Election box turnout
| votes = 2,55,801
| percentage = 57.69
| change = {{increase}} 2.07
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
| winner = Indian National Congress
| swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===General Election, 1962===
{{Election box begin | title=[[1962 Indian general election]]: [[Hyderabad]]}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
| party = Indian National Congress
| candidate = [[G. S. Melkote]]
| votes = 96,447
| percentage = 56.19
| change = {{decrease}} 9.97
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent
| candidate = Abdul Wahed Owasi
| votes = 53,378
| percentage = 31.10
| change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent
| candidate = Mir Farkhunda Ali Khan
| votes = 9,908
| percentage = 5.77
| change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Bharatiya Jana Sangh
| candidate = L. V. S. Sarma
| votes = 6,724
| percentage = 3.92
| change = {{new}}
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent
| candidate = B. S. Ratanalikar
| votes = 5,174
| percentage = 3.01
| change = N/A
}}
{{Election box majority
| votes = 43,069
| percentage = 25.09
| change = {{decrease}} 24.10
}}
{{Election box turnout
| votes = 1,71,631
| percentage = 55.62
| change = {{increase}} 14.52
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
| winner = Indian National Congress
| swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===General Election, 1957===
{{Election box begin | title=[[1957 Indian general election]]: [[Hyderabad]]}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
| party = Indian National Congress
| candidate = [[Vinayak Rao Koratkar]]
| votes = 77,153
| percentage = 66.16
| change = {{increase}} 18.75
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent
| candidate = C. Srikishan
| votes = 19,795
| percentage = 16.97
| change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Praja Socialist Party
| candidate = Kishen Chand
| votes = 19,666
| percentage = 16.86
| change = {{new}}
}}
{{Election box majority
| votes = 57,358
| percentage = 49.19
| change = {{increase}} 38.58
}}
{{Election box turnout
| votes = 1,16,614
| percentage = 41.10
| change = {{decrease}} 1.88
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
| winner = Indian National Congress
| swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===General Election, 1952===
{{Election box begin | title=[[1952 Indian general election]]: [[Hyderabad]]}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
| party = Indian National Congress
| candidate = [[Ahmed Mohiuddin (politician)|Ahmed Mohiuddin]]
| votes = 70,004
| percentage = 47.41
| change = {{new}}
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = People's Democratic Front (Hyderabad)
| candidate = [[Makhdoom Mohiuddin]]
| votes = 54,344
| percentage = 36.80
| change = {{new}}
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent
| candidate = Ram Murthy Naidu
| votes = 11,161
| percentage = 7.56
| change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Socialist Party (India, 1948)
| candidate = G. M. Khan
| votes = 6,290
| percentage = 4.26
| change = {{new}}
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent
| candidate = Kishen Chand
| votes = 2,338
| percentage = 1.58
| change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent
| candidate = Md. Ataur Rahman
| votes = 1,789
| percentage = 1.21
| change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent
| candidate = B. Ranga Reddy
| votes = 1,731
| percentage = 1.17
| change = N/A
}}
{{Election box majority
| votes = 15,660
| percentage = 10.61
| change = {{new}}
}}
{{Election box turnout
| votes = 1,47,657
| percentage = 42.98
| change = {{new}}
}}
{{Election box new seat win |winner=Indian National Congress |loser= |swing=}}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
* [[Hyderabad, India|Hyderabad]]
* [[Secunderabad Lok Sabha constituency]]
* [[List of constituencies of the Lok Sabha]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://www.indiaelections2014.info/parliament/2019/states/telangana/hyderabad/lok_sabha_parliamentary_election_2019_dates.html Hyderabad lok sabha constituency election 2019 date and schedule]

{{Lok Sabha constituencies of Telangana}}

{{coord|17.4|78.4|display=title}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Hyderabad Lok Sabha constituency}}
[[Category:Lok Sabha constituencies in Telangana]]
[[Category:Hyderabad district, India]]
[[Category:Politics of Hyderabad, India]]

Vanpuilala

2026-02-26T05:21:08Z

Vilianawge: put up details

{{Short description|Eastern Mizo chief ()}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2025}}
{{Infobox royalty
| name = Vanpuilala
| image =
| title = Chief of Khawlian {{lang|lus|Khawlian Lal}}
| caption =
| succession =
| reign =
| coronation =
| cor-type =
| predecessor =
| regent = [[Lalhlupuii]]
| reg-type =
| successor = Disputed regency [[Lalhlira]]
| suc-type =
| birth_name =
| birth_date = 1840
| birth_place =
| death_date = 1869
| death_place = Khawlian
| spouse = Chawngpuitiali
| spouse-type = Spouse
| consort =
| issue = Lalhlira
| issue-link =
| regnal name =
| house = Sailo
| father = [[Ngûra]]
| mother = [[Lalhlupuii]]
| religion = [[Mizo religion|Sakhua]]
| type = chieftain
| burial_date =
| burial_place =
| signature =
| native_lang1 = [[Duhlien]]
}}

'''Vanpuilala''' ({{circa|1840}}-1869) was a [[Mizo people|Mizo]] chief in the Eastern Lushai Hills (now [[Mizoram]]). He raised the issue of British land enterprises encroaching on traditional hunting grounds and ruled over more than 1,000 houses at Khawlian. His death oversaw a competing right to regency between his mother and his wife.

==Early life==
Vanpuilala was born to Chief Ngûra who was the son of Lallianvunga and grandson of [[Lallula]]. His mother was Lalhlupuii, the daughter of Laltuaka. Vanpuilala has been argued to be the only son by several authors with few stating that he was among eight children. Vanpuilala was born around January 1850; however, he was recorded as having married in 1861, which makes the date of birth improbable.{{sfn|Rosanga|2009|p=59}} The date 1840-1841 has been offered as a more probable date when compared with the date of his father's death in 1849 and the ascendence of his mother as regent.{{sfn|Rosanga|2009|p=60}}

==Chieftainship==
Ngûra died in 1849 while Vanpuilala was a child and unfit to rule. As a result, his mother Lalhlupuii became regent of the villagers and ruled with the guidance of the {{lang|lus|upas}}.{{sfn|Rosanga|2009|p=60}} Vanpuilala was married in 1861 to Chawngpuitiali, the daughter of Lalsavunga. Vanpuilala had married prior to this with a woman named Pibuki but separated after being unable to bear a child. Vanpuilala shifted his village to Khawlian and ruled with 1040 households with as many as ten [[zawlbûk]]s.{{sfn|Rosanga|2009|p=61}}

Vanpuilala was also the chief responsible for communicating to the British that the development of tea estates in Assam were encroaching on their native land. Vanpuilala had minor incidents with the British but died before it managed to escalate.{{sfn|Rosanga|2009|p=62}} Vanpuilala sent his envoys to the British officer Captain Stewart and followed Suakpuilala's policy of establishing diplomatic relations with the British. When the envoys explained the issues of the encroaching garden estates, Stewart attempted to alleviate their concerns stating that the gardens would bring them prosperity. The British considered enterprise with the Mizo tribes on this basis.{{sfn|Mackenzie|1884|p=299}}

Following the raids under Suakpuilala in November 1868 on the British, Vanpuilala became a target for the failed [[Lushai Expedition (1869)]].{{sfn|Mackenzie|1884|p=301}} The Eastern Column reached Bazar Ghat on the Sonai River and met with envoys of Vanpuilala. The envoys announced Vanpuilal's death a few days before the column reached the location. Assurances were given of non-complicity in the raids, and the column thus withdrew as they could not justify any hostility to the villages. Lalhlupuii, who negotiated with the British, tendered a submission and promised to aid them in procuring the captives and refugees of the raids.{{sfn|Mackenzie|1884|p=302}}

Vanpuilala was famed for his reputation as a warrior that even the King of Manipur was aware of him. His household held over 30 [[Bawi system|{{lang|lus|bawis|cat=no}}]]. He ruled over mostly individuals of the Ralte clan and was given the Ralte title of {{lang|lus|Vanrawng}}.{{sfn|Rosanga|2009|p=62}}
==Later life==
Vanpuilala has been assumed to have died in 1868. British ethnographers have stated 1869 as the year of his death.{{sfn|Rosanga|2009|p=60}} The cause of his death has been speculated to be poisoning by his own guest.{{sfn|Rosanga|2009|p=61}} His tomb was built as three platforms of stone where he was buried underneath. Around him heads of animals and a pony gifted from the Manipur King were hanged on posts. He was buried with [[Zu (beverage)|{{lang|lus|zû|cat=no}}]]. He was buried without any human heads.{{sfn|Rosanga|2009|p=62}}

Following his death, a power struggle emerged between his wife, Chawngpuitiali, and his mother, Lalhlupuii, to become regents and rule as chiefs. Lalhlupuii in Dawlawn village claimed regency as the {{lang|lus|lalnu}}. Chawngpuitiali lived with her supporters at Khawlek and claimed to the British to manage the village as the sole regent. Vanpuilala's son was Lalhilira, who was recorded by the British as Lalhi. Chawngpuitiali sought the assistance of [[Pâwibâwia]] as her brother in disputes against Lalhlupuii. She further sought the help of [[Kalkhama]] and [[Suakpuilala]].{{sfn|Rosanga|2009|p=61}}{{sfn|Sangkima|2004|p=160}}

==Genealogy==
{{Vonolel Family tree}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Sources==
*{{cite book |last=Mackenzie |first=Alexander |date=1884 |title=History Of The Relations Of The Government With The Hill Tribes Of The North-east Frontier Of Bengal |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.501684/mode/1up?q=Lalchokla |location=Calcutta |publisher=Home Department Press|page=321}}
*{{cite journal |last1=Rosanga |first1=O. |title=Vanpuilala |journal=Historical Journal Mizoram |date=2009 |volume=X |issue=1 |url=https://historicaljournalmizoram.in/2009/11/ |access-date=10 October 2025}}
*{{cite book |last=Sangkima|date=2004 |title=Essays on the History of the Mizos |location=Guwahati |publisher=Spectrum Publications|isbn=81-87502-77-0}}

{{Lushai frontier}}

[[Category:Eastern Lushai chiefs]]
[[Category:1869 deaths]]

Manmohan Singh (director)

2026-02-19T19:13:48Z

Vilianawge: started new bio!

{{short description|Indian film director and cinematographer}}
{{for|the economist and former Prime Minister of India|Manmohan Singh}}
{{BLP sources|date=January 2016}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2017}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Manmohan Singh
| image =
| alt =
| caption =
| birth_name =
| birth_date =
| birth_place =
| death_date =
| death_place =
| other_names =
| occupation = {{hlist|Film director|cinematographer}}
| years_active = 1970s–present
| notable_works = ''[[Dilwale Dulhania Le Jayenge]]'', ''[[Jee Aayan Nu]]''
}}
'''Manmohan Singh''' is an Indian film director and cinematographer. He is the director of [[Punjabi cinema|Punjabi]] films and the cinematographer of [[Hindi]] films. As a cinematographer, he had frequently collaborated with [[Yash Chopra]] and his son [[Aditya Chopra]], for whom he shot ''[[Chandni (1989 film)|Chandni]]'' (1989), ''[[Lamhe]]'' (1991), ''[[Darr]]'' (1993), ''[[Dilwale Dulhania Le Jayenge]]'' (1995), ''[[Dil To Pagal Hai]]'' (1997), and ''[[Mohabbatein]]'' (2000).<ref>{{cite web | title = 'Yash Chopra wasn't convinced about DDLJ's climax'|work= [[Rediff.com]] movies | url = http://www.rediff.com/movies/report/yash-chopra-wasnt-convinced-about-ddljs-climax/20141209.htm |date=9 December 2014 | accessdate = 3 January 2016 }}</ref> Besides his career as a cinematographer, he is also known as a pioneering director in [[Punjabi cinema]].<ref>{{cite web
| title = Manmohan Singh is a pioneer in Punjab film industry | url = http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/punjabi/movies/did-you-know/Manmohan-Singh-is-a-pioneer-in-Punjab-film-industry/articleshow/13953467.cms |date=14 May 2013| accessdate = 3 January 2016 | work = [[The Times of India]] }}</ref> He directed his first Hindi film, ''[[Pehla Pehla Pyar]]'' in 1994 and his first Punjabi film ''[[Jee Ayan Nu]]'' in 2003. He received the "Lifetime Achievement Award" at the [[PTC Punjabi Film Awards 2019]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ptcpunjabi.co.in/ptc-punjabi-film-awards-2019-live-updates-red-carpet-gippy-grewal-guru-randhawa-sargun-mehta-ammy-virk-sonam-neeru-bajwa-diljit-dosanjh/|title=PTC Punjabi Film Awards: Gippy Grewal Bags Best Actor, Sargun Mehta Wins Best Actress |author=Karan Nanda|date=16 March 2019|website=[[PTC Punjabi]] |access-date=18 March 2019}}</ref>

== Early life and career ==
{{expand section|date=April 2012}}
Singh's first big project was the debut film for Sunny Deol's ''[[Betaab]]''. After that, he worked on films like ''Lekin'', ''[[Lamhe]]'', ''[[ChaalBaaz|Chaalbaaz]]'' in the early 1990s. He won two [[Filmfare Award for Best Cinematographer|Filmfare Awards]] for [[Yash Chopra]]'s ''[[Darr]]'' and ''[[Chandni (1989 film)|Chandni]]''. Manmohan Singh also sang for many Bollywood film songs like "Mere Pyar Ki Umar" from ''[[Waaris (1988 film)|Waaris]]'' (1988) with Lata Mangeshkar, "Jeene De Yeh Duniya Chaahe Maar Daale" from ''Laava'' (1985) with Asha Bhonsle and "Marne Se Na Yun Darna" from ''Laila'' (1984) with Lata.

In the 2000s, Manmohan Singh started directing [[Cinema of Punjab|Punjabi films]]. His first Punjabi film was ''[[Jee Aayan Nu]]'' in 2003, and he consequently made films like ''[[Dil Apna Punjabi]]'', ''[[Mera Pind]]'' and ''[[Munde U.K. De]]''.

== Filmography ==

===Directed===
* ''[[Nasibo]]'' (1993)
* ''[[Jee Aayan Nu]]'' (2002)
* ''[[Asa Nu Maan Watna Da]]'' (2004)
* ''[[Yaaran Naal Baharan]]'' (2005)
* ''[[Dil Apna Punjabi]]'' (2006)
* ''[[Mitti Wajaan Maardi]]'' (2007)
* ''[[Mera Pind]]'' (2008)
* ''[[Munde U.K. De]]'' (2009)
* ''[[Ik Kudi Punjab Di]]'' (2010)
* ''[[Ajj De Ranjhe]]'' (2012)
* ''[[Aa Gaye Munde U.K. De]]'' (2014)
* ''PR'' (2022)

===Production===
* ''[[Mera Pind]]'' (2008)
* ''[[Ik Kudi Punjab Di]]'' (2010)
* ''[[Honour Killing (film)|Honour Killing]]'' (2014)
* ''[[Hate Story 2]]'' (2014)

===Cinematography===
* ''[[Chann Pardesi]]'' (Punjabi) (1981)
* ''[[Betaab]]'' (1983)
* ''Preeti'' (Punjabi) (1986)
* ''Ucha Dar Babe Nanak Da'' (Punjabi) (1987)
* ''[[Vijay (1988 film)|Vijay]]'' (1988)
* ''[[Waaris (1988 film)|Waaris]]'' (1988)
* ''[[Souten Ki Beti]]'' (1989)
* ''[[Chandni (1989 film)|Chandni]]'' (1989)
* ''[[ChaalBaaz|Chaalbaaz]]'' (1989)
* ''[[Jeene Do]]'' (1990)
* ''[[Lekin...]]'' (1990)
* ''[[Sanam Bewafa]]'' (1991)
* ''[[Lamhe]]'' (1991)
* ''[[Insaaf Ki Devi]]'' (1992)
* ''[[Yaad Rakhegi Duniya]]'' (1992)
* ''[[Apradhi (1992 film)|Apradhi]] ''(1992)
* ''[[Parampara (1993 film)|Parampara]]'' (1993)
* ''[[Darr]]'' (1993)
* ''[[Nasibo]]'' (1994)
* ''[[Dushmani: A Violent Love Story]]'' (1995)
* ''[[Dilwale Dulhania Le Jayenge]]'' (1995)
* ''[[Maachis]]'' (1996)
* ''[[Aur Pyaar Ho Gaya]]'' (1997)
* ''[[Dil To Pagal Hai]]'' (1997)
* ''[[Jab Pyaar Kisise Hota Hai]]'' (1998)
* ''[[Hu Tu Tu]]'' (1999)
* ''[[Mohabbatein]] ''(2000)
* ''[[Albela (2001 film)|Albela]]'' (2001)
* ''[[Filhaal...]]'' (2002)
* ''[[Kash Aap Hamare Hote]]'' (2003)
* ''[[Woh Tera Naam Tha]]'' (2004)
* ''[[Sarhad Paar]]'' (2006)
* ''[[Ik Kudi Punjab Di]]'' (2010)

== Awards ==
* [[Filmfare Award for Best Cinematography]]:
** 1990: ''[[Chandni (1989 film)|Chandni]]''
** 1994: ''[[Darr]]''
* 1998: [[Zee Cine Award for Best Cinematography]] – ''[[Dil To Pagal Hai]]''
* 2001: Sansui Viewers Choice Award for Best Cinematography – ''[[Mohabbatein]]''

== References ==

<references />

== External links ==
* {{IMDb name|0802168}}
{{Filmfare Award for Best Cinematography}}{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Singh, Manmohan}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Hindi film cinematographers]]
[[Category:Punjabi-language film directors]]
[[Category:Filmfare Awards winners]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian people]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

{{India-film-director-stub}}

West Indian cricket team in India, Pakistan and Sri Lanka in 1974–75

2026-02-12T22:49:12Z

Vilianawge: Done...

{{Short description|International cricket tour}}
{{Use British English|date=July 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2014}}

The [[West Indies cricket team]], captained by [[Clive Lloyd]], toured [[India]], [[Sri Lanka]] and [[Pakistan]] from November 1974 to March 1975 and played a five-match [[Test cricket|Test series]] against the [[India national cricket team]] followed by a two-match series against the [[Pakistan national cricket team]]. West Indies won the series in India 3–2 and the series in Pakistan was drawn 0–0. In Sri Lanka, the West Indians played two internationals against the [[Sri Lanka national cricket team]] which had not then achieved Test status; therefore, the internationals played at the [[Colombo Cricket Club Ground]] and the [[Paikiasothy Saravanamuttu Stadium]], both in [[Colombo]], are classified as [[first-class cricket|first-class]] matches. India was captained by [[Mansoor Ali Khan Pataudi]], Pakistan by [[Intikhab Alam]] and Sri Lanka by [[Anura Tennekoon]].<ref name="CATI">{{cite web|url=https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Events/1/West_Indies_in_India,_Pakistan_and_Sri_Lanka_1974-75.html |website=CricketArchive |title=West Indies in India, Pakistan and Sri Lanka 1974–75 |access-date=6 July 2014}}</ref>

==Test series summary==

===India===
====First Test====
{{Two-innings cricket match
| date = 22–27 November 1974 (5-day match)
| team1 = {{cr-rt|WIN}}
| team2 = {{cr|IND}}

| score-team1-inns1 = 289 (95.2 overs)
| runs-team1-inns1 = [[Alvin Kallicharran|AI Kallicharran]] 124
| wickets-team1-inns1 = [[Srinivasaraghavan Venkataraghavan|S Venkataraghavan]] 4/75 (30 overs)

| score-team2-inns1 = 260 (83.5 overs)
| runs-team2-inns1 = [[Hemant Kanitkar|HS Kanitkar]] 65
| wickets-team2-inns1 = [[Vanburn Holder|VA Holder]] 3/37 (20.5 overs)

| score-team1-inns2 = 356/6[[Declaration and forfeiture|d]] (83 overs)
| runs-team1-inns2 = [[Clive Lloyd|CH Lloyd]] 163 (149)
| wickets-team1-inns2 = [[Srinivasaraghavan Venkataraghavan|S Venkataraghavan]] 2/79 (21 overs)

| score-team2-inns2 = 118 (42.5 overs)
| runs-team2-inns2 = [[Gundappa Viswanath|GR Viswanath]] 22 [[Brijesh Patel|BP Patel]] 22
| wickets-team2-inns2 = [[Andy Roberts (cricketer)|AME Roberts]] 3/24 (10.5 overs)

| result = West Indies won by 267 runs
| report = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/west-indies-tour-of-india-1974-75-61940/india-vs-west-indies-1st-test-63131/full-scorecard Scorecard]
| venue = [[M. Chinnaswamy Stadium]], [[Bangalore]]
| umpires = [[M. V. Nagendra|MV Nagendra]] and [[Judah Reuben|J Reuben]]
| toss = India won the toss and elected to field.
| rain = 25 November was taken as a rest day.
| notes = [[Hemant Kanitkar|HS Kanitkar]] (IND), and [[Gordon Greenidge|CG Greenidge]] and [[Viv Richards|IVA Richards]] (WIN) made their Test debuts.
}}

====Second Test====
{{Two-innings cricket match
| date = 11–15 December 1974 (5-day match)
| team1 = {{cr-rt|IND}}
| team2 = {{cr|WIN}}

| score-team1-inns1 = 220 (86.3 overs)
| runs-team1-inns1 = [[Parthasarathy Sharma|PH Sharma]] 54
| wickets-team1-inns1 = [[Andy Roberts (cricketer)|AME Roberts]] 3/51 (17.3 overs)

| score-team2-inns1 = 493 (141 overs)
| runs-team2-inns1 = [[Viv Richards|IVA Richards]] 192[[not out|*]]
| wickets-team2-inns1 = [[E. A. S. Prasanna|EAS Prasanna]] 4/147 (34 overs)

| score-team1-inns2 = 256 (96.5 overs)
| runs-team1-inns2 = [[Farokh Engineer|FM Engineer]] 75
| wickets-team1-inns2 = [[Lance Gibbs|LR Gibbs]] 6/76 (40.5 overs)

| score-team2-inns2 =
| runs-team2-inns2 =
| wickets-team2-inns2 =

| result = West Indies won by an innings and 17 runs
| report = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/west-indies-tour-of-india-1974-75-61940/india-vs-west-indies-2nd-test-63132/full-scorecard Scorecard]
| venue = [[Feroz Shah Kotla Ground]], [[Delhi]]
| umpires = [[Madhav Gothoskar|MV Gothoskar]] and [[B. Satyaji Rao|B Satyaji Rao]]
| toss = India won the toss and elected to bat.
| rain = 13 December was taken as a rest day.
*''The match was scheduled for five days but completed in four.''
| notes = [[Parthasarathy Sharma|PH Sharma]] (IND) made his Test debut.
}}

====Third Test====
{{Two-innings cricket match
| date = 27 December 1974–1 January 1975 (5-day match)
| team1 = {{cr-rt|IND}}
| team2 = {{cr|WIN}}

| score-team1-inns1 = 233 (80.3 overs)
| runs-team1-inns1 = [[Gundappa Viswanath|GR Viswanath]] 52
| wickets-team1-inns1 = [[Andy Roberts (cricketer)|AME Roberts]] 5/50 (19.3 overs)

| score-team2-inns1 = 240 (81.1 overs)
| runs-team2-inns1 = [[Roy Fredericks|RC Fredericks]] 100
| wickets-team2-inns1 = [[Madan Lal]] 4/22 (16.1 overs)

| score-team1-inns2 = 316 (143.2 overs)
| runs-team1-inns2 = [[Gundappa Viswanath|GR Viswanath]] 139 (263)
| wickets-team1-inns2 = [[Vanburn Holder|VA Holder]] 3/61 (27.2 overs)

| score-team2-inns2 = 224 (84.2 overs)
| runs-team2-inns2 = [[Alvin Kallicharran|AI Kallicharran]] 57
| wickets-team2-inns2 = [[Bishan Singh Bedi|BS Bedi]] 4/52 (26.2 overs)

| result = India won by 85 runs
| report = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/west-indies-tour-of-india-1974-75-61940/india-vs-west-indies-3rd-test-63133/full-scorecard Scorecard]
| venue = [[Eden Gardens]], [[Calcutta]]
| umpires = [[Judah Reuben|J Reuben]] and [[Har Sharma|HP Sharma]]
| toss = India won the toss and elected to bat.
| rain = 30 December was taken as a rest day.
| notes = [[Anshuman Gaekwad|AD Gaekwad]] and [[Karsan Ghavri|KD Ghavri]] (both IND) made their Test debuts.
}}

====Fourth Test====
{{Two-innings cricket match
| date = 11–15 January 1975 (5-day match)
| team1 = {{cr-rt|IND}}
| team2 = {{cr|WIN}}

| score-team1-inns1 = 190 (58.5 overs)
| runs-team1-inns1 = [[Gundappa Viswanath|GR Viswanath]] 97[[not out|*]]
| wickets-team1-inns1 = [[Andy Roberts (cricketer)|AME Roberts]] 7/64 (20.5 overs)

| score-team2-inns1 = 192 (59.2 overs)
| runs-team2-inns1 = [[Viv Richards|IVA Richards]] 50
| wickets-team2-inns1 = [[E. A. S. Prasanna|EAS Prasanna]] 5/70 (23 overs)

| score-team1-inns2 = 256 (104.4 overs)
| runs-team1-inns2 = [[Anshuman Gaekwad|AD Gaekwad]] 80
| wickets-team1-inns2 = [[Andy Roberts (cricketer)|AME Roberts]] 5/57 (21.4 overs)

| score-team2-inns2 = 154 (67 overs)
| runs-team2-inns2 = [[Alvin Kallicharran|AI Kallicharran]] 51
| wickets-team2-inns2 = [[E. A. S. Prasanna|EAS Prasanna]] 4/41 (24 overs)

| result = India won by 100 runs
| report = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/west-indies-tour-of-india-1974-75-61940/india-vs-west-indies-4th-test-63134/full-scorecard Scorecard]
| venue = [[M. A. Chidambaram Stadium|Madras Cricket Club Ground]], [[Madras]]
| umpires = [[B. Satyaji Rao|B Satyaji Rao]] and [[M. S. Sivasankariah|MS Sivasankariah]]
| toss = India won the toss and elected to bat.
| rain = 13 January was taken as a rest day.
*''The match was scheduled for five days but completed in four.''
| notes =
}}

====Fifth Test====
{{Two-innings cricket match
| date = 23–29 January 1975 (6-day match)
| team1 = {{cr-rt|WIN}}
| team2 = {{cr|IND}}

| score-team1-inns1 = 604/6[[Declaration and forfeiture|d]] (161 overs)
| runs-team1-inns1 = [[Clive Lloyd|CH Lloyd]] 242[[not out|*]]
| wickets-team1-inns1 = [[Karsan Ghavri|KD Ghavri]] 4/140 (35 overs)

| score-team2-inns1 = 406 (181.1 overs)
| runs-team2-inns1 = [[Eknath Solkar|ED Solkar]] 102
| wickets-team2-inns1 = [[Lance Gibbs|LR Gibbs]] 7/98 (59 overs)

| score-team1-inns2 = 205/3[[Declaration and forfeiture|d]] (40 overs)
| runs-team1-inns2 = [[Gordon Greenidge|CG Greenidge]] 54
| wickets-team1-inns2 = [[Karsan Ghavri|KD Ghavri]] 2/92 (17 overs)

| score-team2-inns2 = 202 (77.1 overs)
| runs-team2-inns2 = [[Brijesh Patel|BP Patel]] 73[[not out|*]]
| wickets-team2-inns2 = [[Vanburn Holder|VA Holder]] 6/39 (20.1 overs)

| result = West Indies won by 201 runs
| report = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/west-indies-tour-of-india-1974-75-61940/india-vs-west-indies-5th-test-63135/full-scorecard Scorecard]
| venue = [[Wankhede Stadium]], [[Bombay]]
| umpires = [[M. V. Nagendra|MV Nagendra]] and [[Judah Reuben|J Reuben]]
| toss = West Indies won the toss and elected to bat.
| rain = 26 January was taken as a rest day.
| notes =
}}

===Pakistan===
====First Test====
{{Test match
| date = 15 – 20 February 1975
| team1 = {{cr-rt|PAK}}
| team2 = {{cr|WIN}}

| score-team1-inns1 = 199 (59.4 overs)
| runs-team1-inns1 = [[Asif Masood]] 30[[not out|*]]
| wickets-team1-inns1 = [[Andy Roberts (cricketer)|AME Roberts]] 5/66 (23 overs)

| score-team2-inns1 = 214 (61.5 overs)
| runs-team2-inns1 = [[Alvin Kallicharran|AI Kallicharran]] 92[[not out|*]]
| wickets-team2-inns1 = [[Sarfraz Nawaz]] 6/89 (27 overs)

| score-team1-inns2 = 373/7[[Declaration and forfeiture|d]] (94.6 overs)
| runs-team1-inns2 = [[Mushtaq Mohammad]] 123
| wickets-team1-inns2 = [[Andy Roberts (cricketer)|AME Roberts]] 4/121 (26 overs)

| score-team2-inns2 = 258/4 (69 overs)
| runs-team2-inns2 = [[Len Baichan|L Baichan]] 105[[not out|*]]
| wickets-team2-inns2 = [[Intikhab Alam]] 2/61 (18 overs)

| result = Match drawn
| report = [https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Scorecards/34/34930.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Gaddafi Stadium]], [[Lahore]]
| umpires = [[Amanullah Khan (umpire)|Amanullah Khan]] and [[Shakoor Rana]]
| motm =
| toss = West Indies won the toss and elected to field.
| rain = 18 February was taken as a rest day.
| notes = [[Agha Zahid]] (PAK) and [[Len Baichan|L Baichan]] (WIN) made their Test debuts.
}}

====Second Test====
{{Test match
| date = 1 – 6 March 1975
| team1 = {{cr-rt|PAK}}
| team2 = {{cr|WIN}}

| score-team1-inns1 = 406/8[[Declaration and forfeiture|d]] (94 overs)
| runs-team1-inns1 = [[Wasim Raja]] 107[[not out|*]]
| wickets-team1-inns1 = [[Lance Gibbs|LR Gibbs]] 3/89 (26 overs)

| score-team2-inns1 = 493 (103.1 overs)
| runs-team2-inns1 = [[Alvin Kallicharran|AI Kallicharran]] 115
| wickets-team2-inns1 = [[Intikhab Alam]] 3/122 (28 overs)

| score-team1-inns2 = 256 (99.1 overs)
| runs-team1-inns2 = [[Sadiq Mohammad]] 98[[not out|*]]
| wickets-team1-inns2 = [[Lance Gibbs|LR Gibbs]] 2/49 (37.1 overs)

| score-team2-inns2 = 1/0 (1 over)
| runs-team2-inns2 = [[Extra (cricket)|Extras]] 1
| wickets-team2-inns2 =

| result = Match drawn
| report = [https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Scorecards/34/34948.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[National Stadium, Karachi|National Stadium]], [[Karachi]]
| umpires = [[Amanullah Khan (umpire)|Amanullah Khan]] and [[Mahboob Shah]]
| motm =
| toss = Pakistan won the toss and elected to bat.
| rain = 4 March was taken as a rest day.
| notes = [[Liaqat Ali (cricketer, born 1955)|Liaqat Ali]] (PAK) made his Test debut.
}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==

{{International cricket tours of India}}
{{International cricket tours of Pakistan}}
{{International cricket tours of Sri Lanka}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:West Indian cricket team in India, Pakistan and Sri Lanka in 1974-75}}
[[Category:1974 in Indian cricket]]
[[Category:1974 in West Indian cricket]]
[[Category:1975 in Indian cricket]]
[[Category:1975 in Pakistani cricket]]
[[Category:1975 in Sri Lankan cricket]]
[[Category:1975 in West Indian cricket]]
[[Category:Indian cricket seasons from 1970–71 to 1999–2000]]
[[Category:International cricket competitions from 1970–71 to 1975]]
[[Category:Pakistani cricket seasons from 1970–71 to 1999–2000]]
[[Category:Sri Lankan cricket seasons from 1972–73 to 1999–2000]]
[[Category:West Indian cricket tours of India|1974-75]]
[[Category:West Indian cricket tours of Pakistan|1975]]
[[Category:West Indian cricket tours of Sri Lanka|1975]]
[[Category:Long stubs with short prose]]

{{India-cricket-tour-stub}}
{{Pakistan-cricket-tour-stub}}
{{SriLanka-cricket-tour-stub}}

Vamanan

2026-02-12T03:21:51Z

Vilianawge: put up new entry

{{Short description | Indian writer, journalist, and film music historian}}
{{for|the 2009 Tamil film|Vaamanan}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2017}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Vamanan
| image = Vamanan film historian author.jpg
| occupation = Film music historian, author, documentary film-maker, journalist
| notable_works = Thirai Isai Alaigal
}}
'''Vamanan''' is an Indian writer, journalist, documentary film-maker and film music historian based in [[Chennai]]. He is known for his documentation of the lives of Tamil film music composers, singing stars and playback singers. Vamanan was awarded the Tamil Nadu government's [[Kalaimamani]] award (2005) by Chief Minister [[Jayalalithaa]] for his contribution to Tamil film history and won the first prize of the [[Government of Tamil Nadu]] Tamil development department for the first volume of ''Thirai Isai Alaigal'' (2000).<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/honoured-by-the-state-for-contribution-to-arts/article3217207.ece |title=Honoured by the State for contribution to arts |date=17 February 2006 |website=The Hindu |access-date=27 September 2017 |archive-date=10 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200810015449/https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/honoured-by-the-state-for-contribution-to-arts/article3217207.ece |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://blogs.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/author/vamanan/ |title=Vamanan Blog - Times of India Blog |website=Times of India Blog |access-date=27 September 2017 |archive-date=18 July 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170718065105/http://blogs.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/author/vamanan/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Career==
Vamanan worked in newspapers including ''[[The Hindu]]'', ''[[The Indian Express]]'' and ''[[India Today]]'' in the editorial. He was film critic of ''The Indian Express'' in the eighties. His first book was ''Thirai Isai Alaigal''. Subsequently, four more volumes of ''Thirai Isai Alaigal'' have been released.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-tamilnadu/music-director-ramamurthy-passes-away/article4628813.ece |title=Music director Ramamurthy passes away |last=Kolappan |first=B. |date=18 April 2013 |website=The Hindu |access-date=27 September 2017 |archive-date=31 August 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140831075708/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-tamilnadu/music-director-ramamurthy-passes-away/article4628813.ece |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.northeasttoday.in/legendary-tamil-actor-manorama-passes-away/ |title=Legendary Tamil Actor Manorama Passes Away |date=11 October 2015 |website=Northeast Today |access-date=27 September 2017 |archive-date=27 September 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170927155956/https://www.northeasttoday.in/legendary-tamil-actor-manorama-passes-away/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://thereel.scroll.in/820529/over-40000-tracks-and-50-years-later-sp-balasubrahmanyam-is-still-not-done |title=SP Balasubrahmanyam's staggering achievement: 40,000 tracks, 50 years later, numerous languages |last=Yamunan |first=Sruthisagar |website=Scroll.in |access-date=27 September 2017 |archive-date=20 June 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170620145657/http://thereel.scroll.in/820529/over-40000-tracks-and-50-years-later-sp-balasubrahmanyam-is-still-not-done |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/music/dakshinamurti-passes-away/article4984886.ece |title=Dakshinamurti passes away |last=Kolappan |first=B. |date=3 August 2013 |website=The Hindu |access-date=27 September 2017 |archive-date=16 April 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180416135143/http://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/music/dakshinamurti-passes-away/article4984886.ece |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://sangam.org/t-m-soundararajan/ |title=T.M. Soundararajan |date=8 July 2013 |website=[[Ilankai Tamil Sangam]] |access-date=27 September 2017 |archive-date=16 October 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171016041806/http://sangam.org/t-m-soundararajan/ |url-status=live }}</ref> His biography of singer [[T. M. Soundararajan]] titled "TMS - Oru pann-pattu charithiram" traces the Soundararajan's life while exploring more than thirty years of film world history.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-editorialfeatures/tms-the-unsung-hero-of-tamil-film-world/article3647401.ece |title=TMS, the unsung hero of Tamil film world |date=17 July 2012 |website=The Hindu |access-date=27 September 2017 |archive-date=23 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210523060437/https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-editorialfeatures/tms-the-unsung-hero-of-tamil-film-world/article3647401.ece |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.frontline.in/other/obituary/voice-of-tamil/article4800273.ece#test |title=Voice of Tamil |date=12 June 2013 |website=Frontline |access-date=27 September 2017 |archive-date=29 October 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029005804/http://www.frontline.in/other/obituary/voice-of-tamil/article4800273.ece#test |url-status=live }}</ref> His work ''Mellisai Mannargal Paattu Payanam'' is on the work of [[Viswanathan–Ramamoorthy]] (a duo consisting of [[M. S. Viswanathan]] and [[T. K. Ramamoorthy]]) in their individual capacities. The book was released by [[Justice S. Mohan]] and the first copy was received by film producer [[M. Saravanan (producer)|M. Saravanan]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.thehindu.com/2005/07/23/stories/2005072313680500.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170927062211/http://www.thehindu.com/2005/07/23/stories/2005072313680500.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=27 September 2017 |title=Recalling the 'golden era' of Tamil film music |date=23 July 2005 |website=[[The Hindu]] |access-date=27 September 2017}}</ref>

==Selected bibliography==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year !! Book !! Language(s)!!Publication
|-
| 1999|| Thirai Isai Alaigal || Tamil || Manivachagar Pathippagam
|-
| 2000 || Vajpayee Kavithaigal (A translation from Hindi of Vajpayee's poems) || Tamil || Manivachagar Pathippagam
|-
| 2002 || TMS – Oru Pann-Paattu Charithiram || Tamil || Manivachagar Pathippagam
|-
| 2003 || Thirai Isai Alaigal Part 3, Calcutta Netru Indru Naalai || Tamil || Manivachagar Pathippagam
|-
| 2004 || Mellisai Mannargal Paattu Payanam, Thirai Isai Alaigal Part 4 || Tamil || Manivachagar Pathippagam
|-
| 2005 || Siva Darshan || English || A Tattvaloka Publication
|-
| 2006 || Sangitha Chakravarthy G. Ramanathan || Tamil || Manivachagar Pathippagam
|-
| 2007 || Vallalar – A pictorial biography || Tamil || Manivachagar Pathippagam
|-
| 2011 || Thirai Isai Alaigal Part 5 || Tamil || Manivachagar Pathippagam
|-
| 2012 || Gundusi B.R.S.Gopal – A life and anthology || Tamil || Manivachagar Pathippagam
|-
| 2014 || Thirai Isai Kalanjiam (1278 page Omnibus edition of five volumes of Thirai Isai Alaigal) || Tamil || Manivachagar Pathippagam
|-
| 2015 || Mannavan Vandhaanadi (Part 1 of K.V.Mahadevan biography) || Tamil || Manivachagar Pathippagam
|-
|}

== References ==

{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* [http://srutimag.blogspot.in/2013/05/a-singer-who-sang-praise-of-his-peers_13.html PBS - A singer who sang praise of his peers]
* [http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/MSV-The-world-was-his-music/articleshow/48116685.cms MSV - The world was his music]
* [http://blogs.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tracking-indian-communities/success-off-screen-when-politics-propelled-star-power/ When politics propelled star power]
* [http://blogs.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tracking-indian-communities/eternally-on-song-susheela-singing-voice-that-made-beauty-permanent/ Susheela - Singing voice that made beauty permanent]

{{authority control}}


[[Category:Journalists from Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Indian music historians]]
[[Category:Indian film historians]]

Nasirpur, Firozabad

2026-02-06T23:55:23Z

Vilianawge: started stub

{{Short description|Village in Uttar Pradesh, India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2026}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2026}}
{{other uses|Nasirpur (disambiguation)}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Nasirpur
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Village
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| image_map = Firozabad block Nasirpur.png
| map_caption = Map showing Nasirpur in Firozabad block
| pushpin_map = India Uttar Pradesh
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Uttar Pradesh, India
| coordinates = {{coord|27.10962|N|78.41271|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = [[India]]
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Firozabad district|Firozabad]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[Tehsil]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[Firozabad]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes = <ref name="Census 2011 A"/>
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 = 1.002
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 1491
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes = <ref name="Census 2011 A"/>
| demographics_type1 =
| demographics1_title1 =
| demographics1_info1 =
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code =
| registration_plate =
| website =
| footnotes =
}}
'''Nasirpur''' ({{IAST|Nasīrpur}}) is a village in [[Firozabad]] block of [[Firozabad district]], Uttar Pradesh. It is located southeast of Firozabad. As of 2011, it had a population of 1,491, in 225 households.

== Geography ==
Nasirpur is located south-southeast of Firozabad, to the east of a small stream called the Ganda Nala. The village is surrounded by farmland on all sides. To the north, along the road leading from Firozabad, is the village of [[Barkatpur]]; to the northeast is the village of [[Paharpur, Firozabad|Paharpur]]; to the east is [[Jahangirpur, Firozabad|Jahangirpur]]; and to the south is [[Basai Muhammadpur]].<ref name="Survey of India map G44A8">{{cite map |author=[[Survey of India]] |title=Open Series Map No. G44A8 |date=2005 |scale=1:50,000 |type=[[Universal Transverse Mercator coordinate system|Universal Transverse Mercator]] projection |edition=1st}}</ref>

== Demographics ==
As of 2011, Nasirpur had a population of 1,491, in 225 households.<ref name="Census 2011 A"/>{{rp|119}} This population was 53.4% male (796) and 46.6% female (695). The 0–6 age group numbered 339 (181 male and 158 female), making up 22.7% of the total population. 76 residents were members of Scheduled Castes, or 5.1% of the total.<ref name="Census 2011 B">{{cite web |title=Census of India 2011: Uttar Pradesh District Census Handbook - Firozabad, Part B (Village and Town Wise Primary Census Abstract) |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/1211/download/3858/DH_2011_0916_PART_B_DCHB_FIROZABAD.pdf |website=Census of India |access-date=2 February 2026}}</ref>{{rp|110–1}}

The [[1981 Census of India|1981 census]] recorded Nasirpur as having a population of 480 people (252 male and 228 female), in 79 households and 79 physical houses.<ref name="Census 1981">{{cite book |title=Census 1981 Uttar Pradesh: District Census Handbook Part XIII-B: Village & Town Directory, District Agra |date=1982 |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/28672/download/31854/28391_1981_AGR.pdf |access-date=2 February 2026}}</ref>{{rp|192–3}}

The [[1961 Census of India|1961 census]] recorded Nasirpur as comprising 1 hamlet, with a total population of 360 people (179 male and 181 female), in 110 households and 86 physical houses. The area of the village was given as 247 acres.<ref name="Census 1961">{{cite book |title=Census 1961: District Census Handbook, Uttar Pradesh (22 - Agra District) |date=1965 |location=Lucknow |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/28472/download/31654/21841_1961_AGR.pdf |access-date=2 February 2026}}</ref>{{rp|xciv}}

== Infrastructure ==
As of 2011, Nasirpur had 1 primary school; it did not have any healthcare facilities. Drinking water was provided by hand pump; there were no public toilets. The village did not have a post office or public library; there was at least some access to electricity for all purposes. Streets were made of both ''[[Indian vernacular architecture#kachcha|kachcha]]'' and ''[[Indian vernacular architecture#pucca|pakka]]'' materials.<ref name="Census 2011 A">{{cite web |title=Census of India 2011: Uttar Pradesh District Census Handbook - Firozabad, Part A (Village and Town Directory) |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/1210/download/3854/DH_2011_0916_PART_A_DCHB_FIROZABAD.pdf |website=Census of India |access-date=2 February 2026}}</ref>{{rp|119–24}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Firozabad district}}

[[Category:Villages in Firozabad district]]

Bhatasa

2026-01-20T06:26:54Z

Vilianawge: created new data w/ sources

{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2021}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2021}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Bhatasa
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = village
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Madhya Pradesh#India3
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Madhya Pradesh, India
| coordinates = {{coord|22.576461676332315|N|76.84664390961073|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Madhya Pradesh]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Dewas district|Dewas]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| leader_party = BJP
| leader_title = MLA
| leader_name = Ashish Sharma
| leader_title1 =
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| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
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| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi language|Hindi]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 455336
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| area_code = 07274
| registration_plate = [[List of RTO districts in India#MP.E2.80.94Madhya Pradesh|MP]]-41
| blank_name_sec1 =
| website =
| iso_code = [[ISO 3166-2:IN|IN-MP]]
| footnotes =
}}

'''Bhatasa''' is a village and a [[Panchayati raj in India|Panchayat]] in [[Dewas district]] in the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[Madhya Pradesh]]. Bhatasa Village is a major agricultural production area in [[Madhya Pradesh]]. Earlier, Harngaon was called Harigarh.<ref>{{cite news | url = http://atithi.mppolice.gov.in/index.php?c=police-stations&page=25 | title = harangaov police station phone number | date = 10 November 2019 | newspaper = madhya pradesh Police | archive-date = 30 November 2021 | access-date = 11 December 2021 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20211130184313/http://atithi.mppolice.gov.in/index.php?c=police-stations&page=25 | url-status = dead }}</ref>{{As of|2001}} India census,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040616075334/http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archive-date=2004-06-16|title= Census of India 2001: Data from the 2001 Census, including cities, villages and towns (Provisional)|access-date=2008-11-01|publisher= Census Commission of India}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title= village name and Language |website=Linguistic Survey of India|publisher=Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India |url=http://lsi.gov.in:8081/jspui/bitstream/123456789/2138/1/38109_2001_DEW.pdf|accessdate=22 December 2021}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Villages in Dewas district]]

Saloni Mathur

2026-01-05T05:55:08Z

Vilianawge: put up a page

{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2025}}
{{Infobox academic
| honorific_prefix =
| name = Saloni Mathur
| honorific_suffix =
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'''Saloni Mathur''' is professor of Modern and Contemporary South Asian Art, the head of the department of art history at the [[University of California]], Los Angeles, USA, and author of ''[[India by Design]]'' (2007).<ref name=UCLA>{{cite web |title=Saloni Mathur |url=https://arthistory.ucla.edu/person/saloni-mathur/ |website=Art History |publisher=University of California |access-date=23 November 2023 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Cooke Jr. |first1=Edward|title=Book ReviewsSaloni Mathur. India by Design: Colonial History and Cultural Display |journal=Winterthur Portfolio |date=December 2009 |volume=43 |issue=4 |pages=407–408 |doi=10.1086/649062 |url=https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/10.1086/649062 |language=en |issn=0084-0416|url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Kriegel |first1=Lara |title=Saloni Mathur . India by Design: Colonial History and Cultural Display|journal=The American Historical Review |date=February 2010 |volume=115 |issue=1 |pages=193–194 |doi=10.1086/ahr.115.1.193 |url=https://academic.oup.com/ahr/article-abstract/115/1/193/15912|url-access=subscription }}</ref> Her paper "A Retake of Sher-Gil's Self-Portrait as Tahitian" (2011), analyses the influences of [[Paul Gauguin]], [[Vincent van Gogh]], and [[Japonisme]], on Hungarian-born Indian artist [[Amrita Sher-Gil]]'s painting titled ''[[Self-Portrait as a Tahitian]]''.<ref name=Zahra2022>{{cite web |last1=Zahra |first1=Orin |title=Amrita Sher-Gil, Self-Portrait as a Tahitian |url=https://smarthistory.org/amrita-sher-gil-self-portrait-tahitian/ |publisher=The Centre for Public Art History |access-date=11 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231111070752/https://smarthistory.org/amrita-sher-gil-self-portrait-tahitian/ |archive-date=11 November 2023 |date=8 September 2022}}</ref>

==Selected publications==
===Books===
*{{cite book |last1=Mathur |first1=Saloni|title=India by design: colonial history and cultural display |date=2007 |publisher=University of California press |location=Berkeley |isbn=978-0520234178}}
*{{cite book |last1=Mathur |first1=Saloni |title=The migrant's time: rethinking art history and diaspora |date=2011 |publisher=Sterling and Francine Clark art institute, distributed by Yale university press |location=Williamstown (Mass.) New Haven [Conn.] London |isbn=978-0300134148}}
*{{cite book |last1=Mathur |first1=Saloni |last2=Kwon |first2=Miwon |title=Making Strange: Gagawaka + Postmortem by Vivan Sundaram |publisher=University of California Los Angeles, Fowler Museum of Cultural History |isbn=978-0984755097}}
*{{cite book |last1=Mathur |first1=Saloni |last2=Singh |first2=Kavita |title=No touching, no spitting, no praying: the museum in South Asia |date=2015 |publisher=Routledge |location=New Delhi [Inde] |isbn=9781138796010 |url=https://www.routledge.com/No-Touching-No-Spitting-No-Praying-The-Museum-in-South-Asia/Mathur-Singh/p/book/9780815373247 |language=en}}
*{{cite book |last1=Mathur |first1=Saloni |title=A fragile inheritance: radical stakes in contemporary Indian art |date=2019 |publisher=Duke university press |location=Durham |isbn=9781478001867}}

===Articles===
*{{cite journal |last1=Mathur |first1=Saloni |title=A Retake of Sher-Gil's Self-Portrait as Tahitian |journal=Critical Inquiry |date=2011 |volume=37 |issue=3 |pages=515–544 |doi=10.1086/659356 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1086/659356 |issn=0093-1896|url-access=subscription }}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Mathur, Sonali}}
[[Category:American women writers]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:American women academics]]
[[Category:American women anthropologists]]
[[Category:American women art critics]]
[[Category:American art critics]]
[[Category:Women art historians]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:University of California, Los Angeles faculty]]
[[Category:American art historians]]

{{US-art-historian-stub}}

Badrul Hasan Qasmi

2026-01-02T22:26:36Z

Vilianawge: created basic post first draft!

{{Short description|Kuwait-based Indian Islamic scholar (born 1955)}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Badrul Hasan Qasmi
| image =
| caption =
| honorific_prefix = Mawlana, Dr.
| office1 = Vice-president of [[Islamic Fiqh Academy (India)]]
| term_start1 = 2002
| term_end1 = present
| office2 = Editor of ''[[Al-Daie]]''
| term_start2 = 1976
| term_end2 = 1982
| predecessor2 = [[Wahiduzzaman Kairanawi]]
| successor2 = [[Noor Alam Khalil Amini]]
| module = {{Infobox religious biography
| embed = yes
| religion = Islam
| denomination = [[Sunni Islam|Sunni]]
| school_tradition = [[Deobandi]]
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=y|1955|3|8}}
| birth_name = Badrul Hasan
| birth_place = Reorha, [[Darbhanga district]], Bihar, India
| nationality = Indian
| alma_mater = Jamia Rahmania, Munger [[Darul Uloom Deoband]] [[Jamia Millia Islamia]] (PhD)
| occupation = Islamic scholar, jurist, writer, editor
| known_for = Vice-president, Islamic Fiqh Academy (India); Editor of ''[[Al-Daie]]'' (1976–1982); Translation and research work with [[Kuwait Ministry of Awqaf and Islamic Affairs]]
| notable_works = ''Tawfiyah al-Kayl'', ''Hadith al-Ruh'', ''Qadaya Fiqhiyyah Mu‘asirah'', ''Al-Adab al-Islami al-Muasir''
}}
}}

'''Badrul Hasan Qasmi''' ({{langx|ar|بدر الحسن القاسمي}}; born 8 March 1955) is an Indian Islamic scholar, jurist, and writer noted for his contributions to Arabic and Urdu scholarship. He began his career at [[Darul Uloom Deoband]], where he taught Islamic sciences and edited the Arabic fortnightly ''[[Al-Daie]]'' (1976–1982). He later joined the [[Kuwait Ministry of Awqaf and Islamic Affairs]] as a researcher and chaired the review committee for the Urdu edition of the ''[[Encyclopedia of Islamic Jurisprudence]]''. A founding member and later vice-president of the [[Islamic Fiqh Academy (India)]], he has represented it at various international conferences. His works in Arabic and Urdu address Islamic jurisprudence, maqāṣid al-sharīʿah (objectives of Islamic law), Qurʾānic exegesis, and modern intellectual issues.

==Early life and education==
Badrul Hasan Qasmi was born on 8 March 1955 in the village of Reorha in [[Darbhanga district]], Bihar.<ref name="profile">{{Cite web |date=22 December 2022 |title=Profile of Badrul Hasan Qasmi |url=https://www.ifa-india.org/ar/pdfs/pdf-20221222041101.pdf |access-date=5 November 2025 |website=[[Islamic Fiqh Academy (India)]] |language=ar}}</ref>{{sfn|Arabi|2019|p=59}}<ref>{{Cite thesis |last=Rahman |first=Obaidur |title=مساهمة علماء ديوبند في اللغة العربية وآدابها ١٨٦٧م - ٢٠١٣م|trans-title=Contribution of Olamae of Deoband to Arabic Language and Literature from 1867 to 2013 |publisher=Department of Arabic, [[Banaras Hindu University]] |url=https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/536377 |year=2021 |location=India |language=ar |hdl=10603/536377 |type=PhD |page=163 }}</ref> He received his primary religious instruction at the local maktab and later continued elementary Arabic and Islamic studies at Jamia Rahmania, [[Munger]].{{sfn|Arabi|2019|p=59}}{{sfn|Rahman|2021|p=163}}

He subsequently enrolled at [[Darul Uloom Deoband]], completing the fazīlah (traditional advanced course) in 1972 and a specialization in fiqh and iftāʾ (jurisprudence and issuing legal opinions) in 1973. He later earned a doctorate in Islamic studies from [[Jamia Millia Islamia]], Delhi; his doctoral research examined maqāṣid al-sharīʿah (objectives of Islamic law).{{sfn|Arabi|2019|p=59}}{{sfn|Rahman|2021|p=163}}

== Career ==
=== Early teaching ===
Qasmi began his academic career at [[Darul Uloom Deoband]] in 1397 AH / 1976 CE, where he taught [[fiqh]] (Islamic jurisprudence), [[Tafsir|tafsīr]] (Qurʾānic exegesis), and Arabic language and literature.<ref name="Khalīli">{{Cite book|last=Khalili Qasmi |first=Muhammadullah |author-link=Muhammadullah Khalili Qasmi|url=https://archive.org/details/darul-uloom-deob-ki-jamey-wa-mukhtasar-tareekh-edition-2|title=Darul Uloom Deoband Ki Jami' Wa Mukhtasar Tareekh|publisher=Sheikh al-Hind Academy |edition=2nd|date=October 2020 |location=India |page=766|language=ur|oclc=1345466013}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Abbasi|first= Ibn al-Hasan|title= Yādgār-e-Zamāna Shakhsiyyāt Ka Ahwāl-e-Mutāla'a|trans-title=Study life of memorable personalities|url=https://archive.org/details/yaadgar-e-zamana-shakhsiyyat-ka-ahwaal-e-mutalaa |publisher=Majlis Turāth al-Islam|location=Karachi|edition=1st|date=October 2020|page=259|language=ur}}</ref>{{sfn|Rahman|2021|p=163}}{{sfn|Arabi|2019|p=58}}

=== Al-Daie magazine ===
In the same year, Darul Uloom launched its Arabic fortnightly magazine ''[[Al-Daie]]''. Initially edited by [[Wahiduzzaman Kairanawi]], its editorial responsibilities were soon handed to Qasmi owing to Kairanawi’s increasing institutional duties.{{Sfn|Khalili Qasmi|2020|pp=398,786}}{{Sfn|Rahman|2021|p=165}}<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Rahman |first=Abdur |date=2018 |title=Contributions Of The Scholars Of Darul Uloom Deoband To The Development Of Arabic Journalism In India |url=https://aldebal.com/index.php/aldebal/article/view/43 |url-status=live |journal=Aldebal |language=ar |volume=3 |issue=1 |page=79 |issn=2415-5500 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230907204130/http://aldebal.com/index.php/aldebal/article/view/43 |archive-date=7 September 2023 |access-date=6 November 2025}}</ref><ref name="Raihan">{{cite journal |url=https://www.aqlamalhind.com/?p=832 |title=مساهمة أبناء ديوبند في تطوير الصحافة العربية|trans-title=The contribution of the Deoband sons to the development of the Arab press|last=Qasmi|first=Muḥammad Raihan|date=October–December 2017|journal=Aqlam Al-Hind|volume=2|issue=4|access-date=6 November 2025|language=ar}}</ref> He served as editor from 1976 to 1982 (1397–1402 AH), during which ''Al-Daie'' became a major Arabic-language platform representing Deoband’s academic and reformist thought.{{Sfn|Khalili Qasmi|2020|p=786}}<ref>{{cite web |last=Khursheed Alam Dawood Qasmi |title=Tribute to Sheikh Noor Alam Khalil Amini, the chief editor of Arabic monthly, Al-Daie |date=11 June 2021 |url=https://muslimmirror.com/tribute-to-sheikh-noor-alam-khalil-amini-the-chief-editor-of-arabic-monthly-al-daie/ |access-date=5 November 2025}}</ref><ref>{{Cite thesis |last=Arabi |first=Zikrullah |title=Contribution of Darul Uloom Deoband to Arabic Journalism With Special Reference of Al-Die (Monthly Magazine) and Comprehensive Catalogue Upto 2013 |access-date=5 November 2025 |degree=PhD |publisher=[[Maulana Azad National Urdu University]] |url=https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in:8443/jspui/handle/10603/337869 |language=ar |page=59 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231126024643/https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in:8443/jspui/handle/10603/337869 |archive-date=26 November 2023 |year=2019 |location=India |hdl=10603/337869 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Amini |first=Noor Alam Khalil |author-link=Noor Alam Khalil Amini |url=https://www.rekhta.org/ebooks/wo-kohkan-ki-baat-noor-alam-khaleel-amini-ebooks#271 |title=Wo Koh-Kan Ki Baat |date=December 2002 |publisher=Idara-e-Ilmo-o-Adab |edition=3rd |location=Deoband |page=271 |language=ur |trans-title=The Tale of the Mountain Digger (Biography of Wahiduzzaman Kairanawi)}}</ref>

=== Move to Kuwait ===
After leaving Darul Uloom in 1982, Qasmi moved to Kuwait and joined the [[Kuwait Ministry of Awqaf and Islamic Affairs]], where he worked as a researcher in Islamic jurisprudence and served as Chairman of the Review Committee for the Urdu edition of the ''[[Encyclopedia of Islamic Jurisprudence]]''.{{sfn|Arabi|2019|p=59}}<ref name="profile" />{{sfn|Rahman|2021|p=165}}
Between 1984 and 1990, he produced programmes for Kuwaiti Radio and served as [[imam]] and [[khatib]] at the Anas bin Malik Mosque.<ref name="profile" />
He also contributed to translation and editorial projects linked to the ''Encyclopedia of Islam and the Muslim World''.{{sfn|Arabi|2019|p=59}}

=== Collaborative projects ===
In October 2009, he attended the release ceremony of the Urdu translation of ''Al-Mawsu‘ah al-Fiqhiyyah'' (''[[Encyclopedia of Islamic Jurisprudence|Encyclopaedia of Islamic Jurisprudence]]'') in New Delhi, jointly organised by the Islamic Fiqh Academy (India) and the Kuwait Ministry of Awqaf and Islamic Affairs.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ahmad |first=Nadim |date=1 January 2013 |title=National: Encyclopaedia of Islamic Jurisprudence released |url=https://www.milligazette.com/news/4-national/5515-encyclopaedia-of-islamic-jurisprudence-released/ |website=The Milli Gazette |language=en |access-date=6 November 2025}}</ref>
While working with the Ministry’s research and fatwa committees, he occasionally translated Urdu legal documents for Arabic fatwas. One such example appears in ''al-Durar al-Bahiyyah min al-Fatawa al-Kuwaytiyyah'' (vol. 8, pp. 220–222).<ref>{{Cite book |title=الدرر البهية من الفتاوى الكويتية |publisher=[[Kuwait Ministry of Awqaf and Islamic Affairs]] |volume=8 |pages=220–222 |language=ar |url=https://app.turath.io/book/663?page=2574 |access-date=6 November 2025}}</ref>

=== Institutional roles ===
He remained connected with Indian Islamic institutions and was appointed vice-president of the [[Islamic Fiqh Academy (India)]] in 2002.<ref>{{cite web |title=NEWSMAKERS 15 July 2002 |url=https://www.milligazette.com/Archives/15072002/1507200225.htm |access-date=5 November 2025}}</ref>
In 2006, Qasmi was appointed a member of the Constituent Council of the [[Muslim World League]].<ref>{{Cite book |title=Muslim India |issue=265–270 |year=2006 |page=59 |publisher=Muslim India |quote=Badrul Hasan Qasmi, appointed Member of the Constituent Council of Rabita Alam Islami. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MP9tAAAAMAAJ&q=badrul+hasan+qasmi |language=en |issn=0972-8929 |oclc=9438856 |access-date=6 November 2025}}</ref>

=== International participation ===
In 2008, he represented the Academy at the Doha Conference on Muslim Minorities, organised by the International Union of Muslim Scholars and reported by [[Al Jazeera Arabic]].<ref>{{cite web |last=Shaqeer |first=Shafique |date=22 June 2008 |title=ندوة الأقليات بالدوحة تناقش تعليم المسلمين الهنود وإعلامهم |url=https://www.aljazeera.net/culture/2008/6/22/%d9%86%d8%af%d9%88%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a3%d9%82%d9%84%d9%8a%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a8%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%af%d9%88%d8%ad%d8%a9-%d8%aa%d9%86%d8%a7%d9%82%d8%b4-%d8%aa%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%8a%d9%85 |access-date=2025-11-05 |website=[[Al Jazeera Arabic]] |language=ar}}</ref> In 2009, he attended the Riyadh meeting of heads and secretaries of international fiqh councils, highlighting [[King Abdullah bin Abdulaziz]]’s reform initiatives and their contribution to Muslim unity.<ref>{{Cite web |title=رؤساء وأمناء المجامع الفقهية يؤكدون أن مبادرات خادم الحرمين الشريفين نابعة من منطلق إسلامي |url=https://www.spa.gov.sa/629296 |website=[[Saudi Press Agency]] |date=25 January 2009 |language=ar |access-date=6 November 2025}}</ref> He currently serves as president of ''Al-Mahad al-Aali fil Qaza wal Ifta'' in [[Patna district|Patna]], India.<ref name="profile" />

=== Recent activities ===
Qasmi has presented research papers, delivered lectures, and participated in academic and radio programmes in both India and Kuwait.{{sfn|Arabi|2019|p=59}}{{sfn|Rahman|2021|p=165}}
In May 2025, he participated in the 26th session of the [[International Islamic Fiqh Academy]] (OIC) held in [[Doha]], presenting an Arabic research paper on "Artificial Intelligence – Its Nature, Scope, Shariah Rulings, and Ethical Regulations".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Akhter |first=Andalib |date=5 May 2025 |title=International Islamic Fiqh Academy (IIFA) deliberates on contemporary issues facing Muslims |url=https://theindianawaaz.com/international-islamic-fiqh-academy-iifa-deliberates-on-contemporary-issues-facing-muslims/ |website=The Indian Awaaz |language=en |access-date=6 November 2025}}</ref>

=== Current position ===
According to the Islamic Bibliography Info Repository at [[Hamad Bin Khalifa University]] (Qatar), Qasmi continues to serve with the [[Kuwait Ministry of Awqaf and Islamic Affairs]] as a senior researcher in Islamic jurisprudence. The database lists him as Chairman of the Translation Committee for the ''Fiqh Encyclopedia'' and credits him with several works on contemporary fiqh, maqāṣid al-sharīʿah, and Qurʾānic studies.<ref>{{Cite web |title=القاسمي، بدر الحسن |url=https://ibir-api.hbku.edu.qa/node/32744 |website=Islamic Bibliography Info Repository – [[Hamad Bin Khalifa University]] |publisher=College of Islamic Studies, HBKU |language=ar |access-date=6 November 2025}}</ref>

=== Media recognition ===
He has been cited by international media as a recognised Islamic scholar and commentator on contemporary issues, including by ''[[Voice of America]] (Urdu)'' in 2021.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Anjum |first=Suheil |date=23 April 2021 |title=جنوبی ایشیا: بھارت کا اعلیٰ سول اعزاز پدم بھوشن حاصل کرنے والے مولانا وحید الدین خاں کون تھے؟ |trans-title=South Asia: Who was Maulana Wahiduddin Khan, recipient of India’s Padma Bhushan award? |url=https://www.urduvoa.com/a/maulana-waheed-uddin-khan-indian-muslim-scholar-23apr2021/5864232.html |website=[[Voice of America]] |language=ur |access-date=6 November 2025}}</ref>

== Views and opinions ==
In a 2014 visit to India, Qasmi addressed gatherings at [[Darul Uloom Waqf Deoband]] and [[Jamia Imam Muhammad Anwar Shah]] in Saharanpur. In his speech, he referred to Islamic seminaries as "the strong fortresses of Islam" and emphasized that madrasa graduates should uphold peace and present the true image of Islam through their learning and conduct.<ref>{{Cite news |date=25 November 2014 |title=इस्लाम के मजबूत किले हैं मदरसे : मौलाना बदरुल |trans-title=Madrasas are the strong fortresses of Islam: Maulana Badrul Hasan |url=https://www.jagran.com/uttar-pradesh/saharanpur-11808296.html |access-date=6 November 2025 |work=[[Dainik Jagaran]] |language=hi}}</ref>

At a seminar of the [[Islamic Fiqh Academy (India)]], he emphasized the need to link Islamic legal rulings (fatwas) with the higher [[Maqasid|objectives of Shariah]] (maqāṣid al-sharīʿah) to ensure coherence and relevance.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Fahed |first=Obaidullah |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zR5LDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA34 |title=Objectives of Shariah (Introduction and Application) |publisher=Dar Al Kotob Al Ilmiyah |year=2015 |pages=33–35 |isbn=978-2-7451-8331-6 |edition=1st |language=en}}</ref> In his keynote paper, ''International Issues and the Objectives of Shariah'', he highlighted that the five universal objectives—protection of faith, life, intellect, property, and honour—form the foundation of justice, rights, and peaceful coexistence in Islam.{{Sfn|Fahed|2015|pp=59–63, 123–125}}

In a 2022 interview with [[ETV Bharat News|ETV Bharat]], Qasmi emphasized that not every scholar is authorized to issue legal opinions (fatwas) in Islam. He clarified that the media often misrepresents scholars’ personal opinions or institutional statements as fatwas, which, he said, is incorrect. He stressed that only those who have undergone formal training in Islamic jurisprudence are qualified to issue fatwas, and that misuse of this term by unqualified individuals leads to public confusion and harm.<ref>{{Cite web |title=No one's opinion can be interpreted as a fatwa: Maulana Badrul Hassan Qasmi |url=https://www.etvbharat.com/urdu/national/state/bihar/no-ones-opinion-can-be-interpreted-as-a-fatwa-maulana-badrul-hassan-qasmi/na20220623072039860860384 |website=[[ETV Bharat News]]|language=ur |date=23 June 2022 |access-date=6 November 2025}}</ref>

== Literary works ==
Qasmi has authored and edited a number of works in Arabic and Urdu, including critical editions, collections of essays, and studies on contemporary jurisprudence and Islamic thought. His notable works include:{{sfn|Rahman|2021|p=164–165}}<ref>{{cite book |last=Hasan |first=Nayab |title=Darul Uloom Deoband Ka Sahafati Manzarnama|trans-title=Journalistic scenario of Darul Uloom Deoband|url=https://archive.org/details/darul-uloom-deoband-ka-sahafati-manzarnama/page/n261/mode/view |pages=262–263|edition=1st|date=2013 |language=ur}}</ref>

* ''Qadaya Fiqhiyyah Mu‘asirah'' ({{langx|ar|قضايا فقهية معاصرة}}; {{translation|Contemporary Fiqh Issues}})
* ''Qadiyat Filastin wa Ab‘aduha al-Siyasiyyah wa al-Jughrafiyyah'' ({{langx|ar|قضية فلسطين وأبعادها السياسية والجغرافية}}; {{translation|The Palestine Issue and Its Political and Geographical Dimensions}})
* ''Hadith al-Ruh'' ({{langx|ar|حديث الروح}}; {{translation|Talks of the Soul}})
* ''Al-Adab al-Islami al-Muasir'' ({{langx|ar|الأدب الإسلامي المعاصر}}; {{translation|Contemporary Islamic Literature}})
* ''Fatawa Shar‘iyyah'' ({{langx|ar|فتاوى شرعية}}; {{translation|Legal Opinions}})
* ''Ehteram al-Tanaw‘ al-Hadari fi ‘Asr al-‘Awlamah'' ({{langx|ar|احترام التنوع الحضاري في عصر العولمة}}; {{translation|Respect for Cultural Diversity in the Age of Globalization}})
* ''Hudud al-Ta‘amul ma‘a Ghayr al-Muslimin'' ({{langx|ar|حدود التعامل مع غير المسلمين}}; {{translation|Limits of Interaction with Non-Muslims}})
* ''Al-Darurah'' ({{langx|ar|الضرورة}}; {{translation|Necessity}})
* ''Al-‘Urf'' ({{langx|ar|العرف}}; {{translation|Customary Law}})
* ''Al-Ijazah al-Mawsufah fi al-Dhimmah'' ({{langx|ar|الإجازة الموصوفة في الذمة}}; {{translation|Deferred Guarantee}})
* ''Maqasid al-Shari‘ah al-Islamiyyah'' ({{langx|ar|مقاصد الشريعة الإسلامية}}; {{translation|Objectives of Islamic Law}})
* ''Anmat al-‘Inayah bil-Qur’an al-Karim'' ({{langx|ar|أنماط العناية بالقرآن الكريم}}; {{translation|Patterns of Qur’anic Care}})
* ''Kuwait, Irāqi Jārihiyyat se Pehle aur Uske baad'' ({{langx|ur|کویت عراقی جارحیت سے پہلے اور اس کے بعد}}; {{translation|Kuwait before and after the Iraqi invasion}}<ref>{{Cite book |last=Qāsimī |first=Badrulḥasan |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RZpCAAAAYAAJ |title=Kūvait, Irāqī jāriḥiyat se pahle aur us ke baʻd |date=1990 |publisher=Yūnāʼīṭiḍ Akāḍmiks Inṭarneshnal |language=ur}}</ref>)
* ''‘Asr-e-Hazir ke Fiqhi Masāil'' ({{langx|ur|عصر حاضر کے فقہی مسائل}}; {{translation|Contemporary Islamic jurisprudential issues}})
* ''Islam aur ‘Asr-e-Hazir'' ({{langx|ur|اسلام اور عصر حاضر}}; {{translation|Islam and the Contemporary Age}})
* ''Tawfiyah al-Kayl li-Man Harrama Luhūm al-Khayl'' ({{langx|ar|توفية الكيل لمن حرم لحوم الخيل}}; A critical edition of a classical Islamic legal text by [[Salah al-Din al-Ala'i]], prepared and annotated by Qasmi)<ref>{{Cite book|title=مختصر الصواعق المرسلة على الجهمية والمعطلة|author=Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyya|others=It was abridged by Muhammad ibn al-Mawsili; edited by al-Hasan ibn Abd al-Rahman al-Alawi|publisher=IslamKotob|year=2003|language=ar|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VSJICwAAQBAJ&pg=PT1786 |page=1787}}</ref><ref>{{Cite thesis |last=Ullah |first=Mohammed |title=The Contribution of Deoband School to Hanafi Fiqh A Study of Its Response to Modern Issues and Challenges |publisher=Centre for Federal Studies, [[Jamia Hamdard]] |year=2018 |location=India |language=en |hdl=10603/326073 |degree=PhD |page=135}}</ref>
* '''Uyūn al-Madhāhib'' ({{langx|ar|عيون المذاهب}}; A critical edition of a classical Islamic legal text by Qiwām al-Dīn al-Kākī al-Ḥanafī, prepared and annotated by Qasmi)<ref name="profile" />
* ''Chand Nāmwar ‘Ulamā'' ({{langx|ur|چند نامور علماء}}; {{translation|Eminent Scholars}} – a collection of biographical essays)
* ''Ashkon se Bhara Daman, Zakhmon se Bhara Seena'' ({{langx|ur|اشکوں سے بھرا دامن زخموں سے بھرا سینہ}}; {{translation|A Bosom Full of Wounds and a Lap Full of Tears}} – a reflective autobiographical work written after personal loss)
* ''Tabindah Nuqūsh'' ({{langx|ur|تابندہ نقوش}}; {{translation|Illuminated Impressions}} – a biographical anthology of around ninety essays on scholars and thinkers, focusing on religious and intellectual personalities across India and abroad)<ref>{{Cite web |last=Qasmi |first=Muhammad Sanaul Huda |title=Tʿāruf-e Kitāb: T̤ābinda Nuqūsh murattabah Ḥaḍrat Maulānā Badrul Ḥasan Qāsmī |trans-title=Introduction to the Book ''Tabindah Nuqūsh'', compiled by Maulana Badrul Hasan Qasmi |date=30 June 2024 |url=https://deobandonline.com/ur/archives/4145 |website=Deoband Online |language=ur |access-date=6 November 2025}}</ref>
* ''Wajh Jadīd lil-Salafiyyah: Kitāb al-Diyūbandiyyah fī al-Mīzān'' ({{langx|ar|وجه جديد للسلفية: كتاب (الديوبندية) في الميزان}}; {{translation|A New Face of Salafism: The Book “al-Diyūbandiyyah” in the Balance}})<ref>{{Cite web |title=وجه جديد للسلفية: كتاب (الديوبندية) في الميزان |url=https://noorlib.ir/book/info/84396/ |website=Noor Digital Library |series=وجه جديد للسلفية: کتاب (الدیوبندیة) في المیزان |volume=1 |language=ar |access-date=6 November 2025}}</ref>

Qasmi translated into Arabic one of the Urdu treatises of [[Muhammad Qasim Nanautawi]], which was published under the title ''Al-Kawn Yashhad bi-Wujūd al-Ilāh'' ({{langx|ar|الكون يشهد بوجود الإله}}) in 1399 AH / 1979 CE.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Farooqi |first=Zubair Ahmad |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=knljAAAAMAAJ&q=النانوتوي+بدر+الحسن+القاسمي&pg=PA218 |title=مساهمة دار العلوم بديوبند في الأدب العربي: حتى عام ٠٠٤١ه/٠٨٩١م |publisher=Dar al-Farooqi |year=1990 |page=218 |language=ar |trans-title=Darul Uloom Deoband's contribution to Arabic literature: up to 1400 AH/1891 AD}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Al-Rashid |first=Muhammad ibn Abdullah |title=إمداد الفتاح بأسانيد ومرويات الشيخ عبد الفتاح |publisher=مكتبة الإمام الشافعي |year=1999 |language=ar |page=614 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Q01MCwAAQBAJ&pg=PT613 |access-date=6 November 2025}}</ref>

In addition to these books, Qasmi has published numerous research papers and articles on theology, law and literature in both Arabic and Urdu. Many of his writings were first published in periodicals and later compiled into volumes. His contributions to Arabic journalism—particularly through ''Al-Daie''—played an important role in disseminating the academic and literary output of Darul Uloom Deoband to the Arab world.{{sfn|Rahman|2021|p=164–165}}{{sfn|Hasan|2013|p=261–263}} His research primarily focuses on Islamic jurisprudence and applied fiqh, as reflected in his work with the Islamic Fiqh Academy (India) and the Ministry of Awqaf in Kuwait.<ref name="profile" />

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Qasmi, Badrul Hasan}}
[[Category:1955 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian Islamic religious leaders]]
[[Category:Indian Sunni Muslim scholars of Islam]]
[[Category:Deobandis]]
[[Category:Darul Uloom Deoband alumni]]
[[Category:Jamia Millia Islamia alumni]]
[[Category:Arabic-language Indian writers]]
[[Category:Urdu-language Indian writers]]
[[Category:Muslim scholars of Islamic jurisprudence]]
[[Category:Hanafi fiqh scholars]]
[[Category:People from Darbhanga district]]
[[Category:Indian expatriates in Kuwait]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian educators]]
[[Category:21st-century Muslim scholars of Islam]]

Kendrapara district

2025-12-29T01:35:18Z

Vilianawge:

{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2020}}
{{About|the district|its eponymous headquarters|Kendrapara}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Kendrapara district
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| settlement_type = [[List of districts of Odisha|District]] of [[Odisha]]
| image_skyline = {{Photomontage
|size = 250
|photo1a =
|photo1b = Harparbati Temple, Pattamundai.jpg
|photo2a = Sakhibata Kendrapara.JPG
|photo2b = Reptile Salt Water Crocodile P1110400 05.jpg
|photo3a = Starting Pointing of Pentha Beach Odisha 754225, India - panoramio.jpg
}}
| image_alt =
| image_caption = Clockwise from top-left: Kanika Rajbari, Haparbati Temple in [[Pattamundai]], Crocodile in [[Bhitarkanika Mangroves]], Pentha Beach, Fields in Sakhibata
| nickname =
| image_map = Kendrapara in Odisha (India).svg
| map_alt =
| map_caption = Location in Odisha
| coordinates = {{coord|20.525|N|86.475|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = State
| subdivision_name1 = {{flagicon image|Orissa Flag(INDIA).png}} [[Odisha]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| seat_type = Headquarter
| seat = [[Kendrapara]]
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| leader_title1 = [[District collector|Collector & District Magistrate]]
| leader_name1 = Amrit Ruturaj [[Indian Administrative Service|IAS]]
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_total_km2 = 2644
| area_rank =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 1,440,361
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_footnotes =
| population_density_km2 = 492.38
| population_rank =
| population_demonym =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 754 xxx<ref>{{cite web |url= http://pincode.net.in/ORISSA/KENDRAPARA |title=PinCode: Kendrapara, Orissa, India, All Post Office Addresses Data, Pincode.net.in |work=pincode.net.in |quote=KENDRAPARA 754211 |access-date=11 January 2013}}</ref>
| registration_plate = OD-29
| blank1_name_sec1 = [[Human sex ratio|Sex ratio]]
| blank1_info_sec1 = 1.006 [[male|♂]]/[[female|♀]]
| blank1_name_sec2 = [[Climate of India|Climate]]
| blank1_info_sec2 = [[Climatic regions of India|Aw]] ([[Köppen climate classification|Köppen]])
| website = {{URL|www.kendrapara.nic.in}}
| footnotes =
| leader_title2 = [[Superintendent of Police (India)|Superintendent of Police]]
| leader_name2 = Jugal Kishore Banoth, [[Indian Police Service|IPS]]
| leader_title3 = [[Kendrapara (Lok Sabha constituency)|Member of Parliament]]
| demographics1_info1 = [[Odia language|Odia]], English
| blank4_name_sec1 = Literacy
| blank4_info_sec1 = 85.93%
| blank5_name_sec1 = [[Lok Sabha]] constituency
| blank5_info_sec1 = [[Kendrapara (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kendrapara]]
| blank6_name_sec1 = [[Odisha Legislative Assembly|Vidhan Sabha]] constituency
| blank6_info_sec1 = 5 {{collapsible list|title={{nbsp}}|096-[[Patkura (Odisha Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Patkura]] 097-[[Kendrapara (Odisha Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Kendrapara]](SC) 098-[[Aul (Odisha Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Aul]] 099-[[Rajanagar (Odisha Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Rajanagar]] 100-[[Mahakalapada (Odisha Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Mahakalapada]]}}
| blank2_name_sec2 = [[Precipitation (meteorology)|Precipitation]]
| blank2_info_sec2 = {{convert|1501.3|mm|in}}
}}
'''Kendrapara district''' is an administrative district of [[Odisha]] state in eastern India. The town of [[Kendrapara]] is the district headquarters. Kendrapara District is situated in the eastern portion of the state, and is bounded on the north by [[Bhadrak district]], on the east by the [[Bay of Bengal]], on the south by [[Jagatsinghpur District]], on the west by [[Cuttack District]] and on the northwest by [[Jajpur district|Jajpur District]].

==History==
{{See also|Cuttack district#History}}
The formation of Kendrapara District took place on April 1, 1993, when a coastal area spanning 2,644 square kilometers was carved out from [[Cuttack district]], with its own headquarter in [[Kendrapara]] town.

==Geography==
Kendrapara District lies in 20° 20’ N To 20° 37’ N Latitude and 86° 14’ E To 87° 01’ E Longitude and situated in central coastal plain zone of the [[Odisha]]. The Bay of Bengal lies in the eastern part of the district. The coastline covers 48 km stretching from Dhamra Muhan to Batighar. Kendrapara district headquarters is 55 km from [[Cuttack]].

Kendrapara District lies in the [[river delta]] formed by the [[Brahmani River|Brahmani]] and [[Baitarani River|Baitarani]] and branch rivers of the Mahanadi. The [[Bhitarkanika Mangroves]], [[Bhitarkanika National Park]], [[Gahirmatha Beach]] and [[Baladevjew Temple]] lie in the district. Other features in the district include Suka-Parikshita Ashram, Kudanagari, Landibata Mahapurusha Matha Chanpur, Pentha sea beach, PatharaKani Temple Gogua, Garteswar Mahadev Gosigan, Harihar Kshetra Mahala, Gadadhara Gosain Pitha, and Korua. This district has 9 blocks named as [[Aul, Odisha|Aul]], Derabish, Garadpur, Mahakalapada, Marshaghai, Kendrapara, Rajanagar, [[Rajkanika]], Patamundai.

==Divisions==
There are 9 [[Tahasil]]s and 9 [[Blocks of India|blocks]] in Kendrapara district.<ref>h [http://orissa.gov.in/e-magazine/orissaannualreference/ORA-2005/pdf/list_of_districts.pdf http://orissa.gov.in/e-magazine/orissaannualreference/ORA-2005/pdf/list_of_districts.pdf]</ref> They are :

'''[[Tahasil]]s'''
# [[Aul, Odisha|Aul]]
# Kanika
# [[Kendrapara]]
# Marshaghai
# [[Pattamundai]]
# Rajnagar
# Mahakalpada
# Derabish
# Garadpur

'''[[Blocks of India|Blocks]]'''
# [[Aul, Odisha|Aul]]
# Derabish
# Garadpur
# [[Kendrapara]]
# Mahakalpada
# Marshaghai
# [[Pattamundai]]
# [[Rajkanika]]
# Rajnagar

==Demographics==
{{historical populations|11=1901|12=4,59,224|13=1911|14=4,70,355|15=1921|16=4,57,135|17=1931|18=4,86,625|19=1941|20=5,09,546|21=1951|22=5,26,472|23=1961|24=6,49,457|25=1971|26=8,23,451|27=1981|28=9,81,219|29=1991|30=11,49,501|31=2001|32=13,02,005|33=2011|34=14,40,361|source=Census of India<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/PCA/A2_Data_Table.html |title=Decadal Variation In Population Since 1901}}</ref>|align=center}}

{{bar box
|title=Religions in Kendrapara district (2011)<ref name="census2011-religion">{{cite web|title=Table C-01 Population by Religious Community: Odisha|url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/11387/download/14500/DDW21C-01%20MDDS.XLS|website=Census of India, 2011|publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref>
|titlebar=#Fcd116
|left1=Religion
|right1=Percent
|float=left
|bars=
{{bar percent|[[Hinduism in Odisha|Hinduism]]|darkorange|96.28}}
{{bar percent|[[Odia Muslims|Islam]]|green|3.49}}
{{bar percent|Other or not stated|black|0.23}}
}}

According to the [[2011 census of India|2011 census]] Kendrapara district has a [[Demographics of India|population]] of 1,440,361,<ref name=districtcensus>{{Cite web |title=District Census Handbook 2011 - Kendrapara|url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/946/download/36652/DH_2011_2110_PART_A_DCHB_KENDRAPARA.pdf|website=[[Census of India]]|publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref> roughly equal to the nation of [[Eswatini]]<ref name="cia">{{cite web | author = US Directorate of Intelligence | title = Country Comparison:Population | url = https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2119rank.html | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070613004507/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2119rank.html | url-status = dead | archive-date = 13 June 2007 | access-date = 1 October 2011 | quote =Swaziland 1,370,424}}</ref> or the US state of Hawaii.<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://2010.census.gov/2010census/data/apportionment-pop-text.php
|title=2010 Resident Population Data
|publisher=U. S. Census Bureau
|access-date=30 September 2011
|quote=Hawaii 1,360,301
|url-status=dead
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131019160532/http://2010.census.gov/2010census/data/apportionment-pop-text.php
|archive-date=19 October 2013
}}</ref> This gives it a ranking of 344th in India (out of a total of [[Districts of India|640]]).<ref name=districtcensus/>
The district has a population density of {{convert|545|PD/sqkm|PD/sqmi}}.<ref name=districtcensus/> Its [[Family planning in India|population growth rate]] over the decade 2001–2011 was 10.59%.<ref name=districtcensus/> Kendrapara has a [[human sex ratio|sex ratio]] of 1006 [[Women in India|females]] for every 1000 males,<ref name=districtcensus/> and a [[Literacy in India|literacy rate]] of 85.93%. 5.80% of the population lives in urban areas. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes make up 21.51% and 0.66% of the population respectively.<ref name=districtcensus/>

{{Pie chart
|thumb = right
|caption = Languages of Kendrapara district (2011)<ref name="census2011-langreport"/>
|label1 = [[Odia language|Odia]] |value1 = 91.47 |color1 = saddlebrown
|label2 = [[Bengali language|Bengali]] |value2 = 4.76 |color2 = orchid
|label3 = [[Urdu]] |value3 = 3.31 |color3 = green
|label4 = Others |value4 = 0.46 |color4 = grey
}}

At the time of the [[2011 Census of India]], 91.47% of the population in the district spoke [[Odia language|Odia]], 4.76% [[Bengali language|Bengali]] and 3.31% [[Urdu]] as their first language.<ref name="census2011-langreport">{{cite web |title=Table C-16 Population by Mother Tongue: Odisha|url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/10217/download/13329/DDW-C16-STMT-MDDS-2100.XLSX|website=Census of India 2011 |publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref>

== Politics ==

===Vidhan sabha constituencies===
{{Main|List of constituencies of Odisha Vidhan Sabha}}
The following is the 5 [[Odisha Legislative Assembly|Vidhan sabha]] constituencies<ref>[http://eci.nic.in/delim/Final_Publications/Orissa/orissa.pdf Assembly Constituencies and their EXtent]</ref><ref>[http://eci.nic.in/delim/paper1to7/Orissa.xls Seats of Odisha]</ref> of Kendrapara district and the elected members<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ws.ori.nic.in/ola/mlaprofile/listofmem1.asp |title=List of Member in Fourteenth Assembly |work=ws.ori.nic.in |quote=MEMBER NAME |access-date=19 February 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070502003512/http://ws.ori.nic.in/ola/mlaprofile/listofmem1.asp |archive-date= 2 May 2007 }}</ref> of that area
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!No.
!Constituency
!Reservation
!Extent of the Assembly Constituency (Blocks)
!Member of 14th Assembly
!Party
|-
!96
|[[Patkura]]
| None
|Derabish, Garadapur, Marshaghai (part) 
| Arvind Mohapatra
| bgcolor="#004225" | [[Biju Janata Dal|BJD]]
|-
!97
|[[Kendrapara (Odisha Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Kendrapara]]
|SC
|Kendrapara (M), Kendrapara, Pattamundai (part)
|[[Ganeswar Behera]]

| bgcolor="#004225" |[[Biju Janata Dal|BJD]]
|-
!98
|[[Aul (Odisha Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Aul]]
|None
|[[Aul, Odisha|Aul]], Rajkanika
| [[Pratap Keshari Deb]]
| bgcolor="#004225" |[[Biju Janata Dal|BJD]]
|-
!99
|[[Rajanagar]]
|None
|[[Pattamundai]] (NAC), Rajanagar, Pattamundai (part)
| [[Dhruba Charan Sahoo]]
| bgcolor="#004225" |[[Biju Janata Dal|BJD]]
|-
!100
|[[Mahakalapada]]
|None
|Mahakalapada, Marshaghai (part)
|Durga Prasan Nayak
| bgcolor="#FFA500" |[[BJP|BJP]]
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
* {{Official website}}

{{Geographic location
|Centre = Kendrapara district
|North = [[Bhadrak district]]
|Northeast =
|East = ''[[Bay of Bengal]]''
|Southeast =
|South = [[Jagatsinghpur district]]
|Southwest = [[Cuttack district]]
|West =
|Northwest = [[Jajapur district]]
}}
{{Kendrapara district}}
{{Odisha}}
{{Mahanadi Basin}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Kendrapara district| ]]
[[Category:Districts of Odisha]]

Kavitha Telikepalli

2025-12-27T10:16:10Z

Vilianawge: Added A Stub.

{{Short description|Indian computer scientist}}
{{Use dmy dates|cs1-dates=ly|date=February 2022}}
{{Use list-defined references|date=February 2022}}
'''Kavitha Telikepalli''' (born 1974){{r|ias}} is an Indian computer scientist known for her research on [[graph algorithm]]s and [[combinatorial optimization]], particularly concerning [[Matching (graph theory)|matchings]], [[cycle basis|cycle bases]], and [[graph spanner]]s. She is a professor in the School of Technology & Computer Science at the [[Tata Institute of Fundamental Research]].{{r|cv}}

==Education and career==
Telikepalli graduated from [[IIT Madras]] in 1995, with a bachelor's degree in computer science and engineering. She completed a PhD through the Tata Institute of Fundamental Research in 2002.{{r|cv}}

After postdoctoral research with [[Kurt Mehlhorn]] at the [[Max Planck Institute for Informatics]] in [[Saarbrücken]], Germany from 2002 to 2004, she returned to India as an assistant professor at the [[Indian Institute of Science]] in [[Bangalore]] in 2005. She moved from the Indian Institute of Science to the Tata Institute of Fundamental Research as a reader in 2010, became an associate professor in 2011, and was promoted to full professor in 2021.{{r|cv}}

==Recognition==
Telikepalli was named an associate fellow of the [[Indian Academy of Sciences]] in 2007.{{r|ias}} She was one of the winners of the 2008 [[Indian National Science Academy]] Medal for Young Scientists.{{r|mys}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kavitha Telikepalli |url=https://www.csa.iisc.ac.in/people/kavitha-telikepalli/ |access-date=2023-11-08 |website=CSA - IISc Bangalore |language=en}}</ref>

==References==
<references>

<ref name=cv>{{citation|url=https://www.tcs.tifr.res.in/~kavitha/cv.html|title=Curriculum vitae|access-date=2022-02-06}}</ref>

<ref name=ias>{{citation|url=https://fellows.ias.ac.in/profile/v/AS2007004|title=Dr Kavitha Telikepalli|work=Fellows' portal|publisher=Indian Academy of Sciences|access-date=2022-02-06}}</ref>

<ref name=mys>{{citation|url=https://insaindia.res.in/youngmedal.php|title=Recipients of INSA Medal for Young Scientists 1974–2022|publisher=Indian National Science Academy|access-date=2022-02-06|archive-date=2022-01-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220112120859/https://www.insaindia.res.in/youngmedal.php|url-status=dead}}</ref>

</references>

==External links==
*[https://www.tcs.tifr.res.in/~kavitha/ Home page]

{{Authority control|state=collapsed}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Telikepalli, Kavitha}}
[[Category:1974 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian women computer scientists]]
[[Category:Indian theoretical computer scientists]]
[[Category:Graph theorists]]
[[Category:IIT Madras alumni]]
[[Category:Tata Institute of Fundamental Research alumni]]
[[Category:Academic staff of the Indian Institute of Science]]
[[Category:Academic staff of Tata Institute of Fundamental Research]]

Aslana railway station

2025-12-24T22:29:59Z

Vilianawge: created a stub v1

{{Short description|Railway station in Madhya Pradesh}}
{{Infobox station
| name = Aslana
| type = [[Indian Railways]] station
| style = Indian Railways
| image =
| image_caption =
| address = Aslana, [[Damoh]], [[Damoh district]], [[Madhya Pradesh]]
| country = India
| coordinates = {{coord|23.860522|79.319493|format=dms|display=inline}}
| line = [[Bina–Katni line]]
| other =
| elevation = {{convert|373|m|ft}}
| structure = Standard (on ground)
| platform = 3
| depth =
| levels =
| tracks = Triple Electric-Line
| parking = Yes
| bicycle =
| opened =
| closed =
| rebuilt =
| electrified = Yes
| accessible =
| code = {{Indian railway code
| code = ANA
| zone = [[West Central Railway zone|West Central Railway]]
| division = {{rwd|Jabalpur}}
}}
| owned = [[Indian Railways]]
| operator = [[West Central Railway zone|West Central Railway]]
| services = {{Adjacent stations|system=Indian Railways
|line=West Central Railway zone|left=Patharia|right=Damoh|type=[[Bina–Katni line]]}}
| status = Functioning
| former =
| passengers =
| pass_year =
| pass_percent =
| pass_system =
| mpassengers =
| map_locator =
| map_type = India Madhya Pradesh#India
| map_dot_label =
| map_size = 300
| mapframe = yes
| mapframe-caption = Interactive map
}}

'''Aslana railway station''' is a railway station in located on [[Bina–Katni line|Bina–Katni railway line]] operated by the [[West Central Railway]] under [[Jabalpur railway division]]. It is situated at Aslana, [[Damoh]] in [[Damoh district]] in the Indian state of [[Madhya Pradesh]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Aslana Railway Station Map/Atlas WCR/West Central Zone - Railway Enquiry |url=https://indiarailinfo.com/station/map/aslana-ana/1320 |access-date=2025-12-24 |website=indiarailinfo.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=TTI |title=Express trains at Aslana Railway Station (ANA) {{!}} Train Arrival / Departure Timings at Aslana |url=https://www.totaltraininfo.com/station/ana/5 |access-date=2025-12-24 |website=www.totaltraininfo.com |language=en}}</ref>

==History==
Katni Bina line was established in 1923. It was started with a [[Single-track railway|single track]] which was later converted to [[double track]] in 1982. It got electrified during 1994–95.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-02-09 |title=History of Indian Railways from 1853 to Present |url=https://www.jagranjosh.com/general-knowledge/history-of-indian-railways-1644394598-1 |access-date=2025-12-24 |website=Jagranjosh.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Brief on Railway Electrification |url=https://st2.indiarailinfo.com/kjfdsuiemjvcya0/0/8/0/5/1242805/0/welcometoofficialwebsiteofcore.pdf |access-date=24 December 2025}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Railway stations in Madhya Pradesh}}

[[Category:Railway stations in Damoh district]]
[[Category:Jabalpur railway division]]

{{MadhyaPradesh-railstation-stub}}

Sadh Vaishnavism

2025-12-21T16:33:39Z

Vilianawge: put up data - done

{{Short description|Tradition in Hinduism linked to Dvaita Vedanta}}
{{Infobox religious group
|group = Sadh Vaishnavism
|image = Udupi Sri Krishna Matha Temple.jpg
|caption = '''The Entrance to [[Udupi Sri Krishna Matha|Sri Krishna Matha]] at Udupi'''
| scriptures = [[Vedas]], [[Upanishads]], [[Bhagavat Gita]], [[Brahma Sutra]], [[Pancharatra]], [[Bhagavata Purana]], [[Mahabharata]], [[Ramayana]], [[List of works by Madhvacharya|Sarvamula Granthas]]
|regions = [[Karnataka]], [[Maharashtra]], [[Tamil Nadu]], [[Andhra Pradesh]]
| religions = [[Vaishnavism]] (Hinduism)
|languages = [[Sanskrit]], [[Kannada]]
}}
{{Vaishnavism}}
'''Sadh Vaishnavism''' ({{Langx|sa|सद्वैष्णवसम्प्रदाय|}};{{refn|group=note|In order to distinguish it from Sri Vaishnavism of Ramanujacharya, Sri Madhva named his Vaishnavism as Sad Vaishnavism.<ref>{{cite book|title=Great Thinkers of the Eastern World: The Major Thinkers and the Philosophical and Religious Classics of China, India, Japan, Korea, and the World of Islam|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VEUUAQAAIAAJ|author=Ian Philip McGreal|publisher=HarperCollins Publishers|year=1995|page=232|isbn = 9780062700858}}</ref>}}), also referred to as '''Madhva Vaishnavism''', the '''Madhva Sampradaya,''' or '''Tattvavada,''' part of the '''Brahma Sampradaya''', is a denomination within the [[Vaishnavism]]{{mdash}}[[Bhagavata]] tradition of [[Hinduism]].<ref>{{cite book|title=Alternative Krishnas: Regional and Vernacular Variations on a Hindu Deity|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=K0XqbG0LKBUC|publisher=SUNY Press|author=Guy L. Beck|year=2012|page=74|isbn = 9780791483411}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Rajasthan Through the Ages: Art, architecture and memoirs|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vZrpAAAAMAAJ|page=333|publisher=Deep & Deep Publications|author=Suresh K. Sharma, Usha Sharma|year=1999|isbn = 9788176291552}}</ref> Sadh Vaishnavism was founded by the thirteenth century philosopher-saint [[Madhvacharya]], who developed the [[Tattvavada]] ([[Dvaita Vedanta]]) ("arguments from a realist viewpoint") sub-school of [[Vedanta]] in [[Hindu philosophy]].<ref>{{cite book|title=Encyclopaedia of Oriental Philosophy and Religion: A Continuing Series--, Volume 1|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Uec1E8DpiH8C|author1=Nagendra Kr Singh|author2=A. P. Mishra|publisher=Global Vision Pub House|year=2005|page=99|isbn = 9788182200722}}</ref>

The tradition traces its roots to the ancient [[Vedas]] and [[Pancharatra]] texts. The Madhva Sampradaya or Sadh-Vaishnava Sampradaya is referred to as the [[Brahma Sampradaya]], referring to its traditional origins in the succession of spiritual masters (gurus) have originated from [[Brahma]].<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GqYShQ12YdEC&pg=PA129|title=Modern Indian Responses to Religious Pluralism|author=Harold Coward|publisher=SUNY Press|date=30 October 1987|page=129|isbn=9780887065729}}</ref>

Madhva championed the ultimate reality as personal and [[Saguna Brahman]] ("the absolute with qualities") and it is Lord [[Vishnu]] (Narayana). Hence god [[Vishnu]] (Narayana) along with his consort [[Lakshmi]], and their divine incarnations and forms are revered and worshipped in this tradition. In Sadh-Vaishnavism, the creator is superior to the creation, and hence [[moksha]] comes only from the grace of [[Vishnu]], but not from effort alone.<ref>{{cite book|title=Krishna in History, Thought, and Culture: An Encyclopedia of the Hindu Lord of Many Names: An Encyclopedia of the Hindu Lord of Many Names|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4fw2DAAAQBAJ&pg=PA165|author=Lavanya Vemsani|date = 13 June 2016|publisher=ABC-CLIO|access-date=13 June 2016|page=165|isbn = 9781610692113}}</ref> In Sad Vaishnavism [[Jnana]], [[Bhakti]] and [[Vairagya]] are necessary steps for moksha and doing Karma is also considered a form of [[Puja (Hinduism)|puja]]. Hence in Sad Vaishnavism, [[Jnana Yoga]], [[Bhakti Yoga]] and [[Karma Yoga]] are equally important in order to attain liberation (moksha) compared to [[Sri Vaishnavism]] where bhakti yoga alone is enough to attain moksha. However Madhva holds the perspective that not all jivas are destined for liberation and rejects the idea of an inherent principle linking a jiva's existence with liberation. However, he acknowledges the presence of divine grace at work within chosen individuals.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Mittal |first=Sushil |title=THE HINDU WORLD |publisher=Routledge |year=2004 |isbn=0-203-64470-0 |location=29 West 35th Street, New York, NY 10001 |publication-date=2004 |pages=292 |language=English}}</ref>

==Etymology==
The term ''Sadh-Vaishnavism'' is derived from ''sadh'', meaning "true", and the Hindu deity [[Vishnu]], whose worshipers are known as Vaishnava; this name of the tradition may thus be translated as "true Vaishnavism." The term ''Madhva'' is derived from the name of the tradition's founder, Madhvacharya. The term ''sampradaya'' refers to a Hindu religious tradition.<ref>{{cite book|title=Grace in Christianity and Hinduism|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pujRGufjKBAC|publisher=James Clarke & Co|page=179|author=Sabapathy Kulandran|year=2004|isbn = 9780227172360}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Saints of India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QoQaBgAAQBAJ|publisher=Jagadguru Kripaluji Yog|year=2014|page=contents}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=Stephan Schuhmacher |title=The Encyclopedia of Eastern Philosophy and Religion: Buddhism, Hinduism, Taoism, Zen |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vpP8770qVakC |date=1994 |publisher=Shambhala |isbn=978-0-87773-980-7 |page=397 }}</ref> The followers of ''Sat-Vaishnavism'' are known as ''Sat-Vaishnavas''.<ref>{{cite book|title=Famous Indian sages: their immortal messages|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dKnXAAAAMAAJ|publisher=Sagar Publications|page=356|year=1982|author=Vivek Ranjan Bhattacharya}}</ref>

==Philosophy and theology==
===Tattvavada (Dvaita)===
{{Main|Dvaita}}
[[File:Srimad Hamsa Bhagavan.jpg|thumb|right| {{IAST|Śrī Haṃsa Bhagavān}}, the originator of the Madhva Sampradaya]]
{{Hinduism}}
Sat-Vaishnavism's philosophical foundation was established by [[Madhva]], who started his Vedic studies with Achyutapreksha in an Advaita Vedanta monastery.<ref>{{cite book|title=A History of Karnataka: From Pre-history to Unification|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YAgeAAAAMAAJ|page=295|author=Pandurang Bhimarao Desai|publisher=Kannada Research Institute, Karnatak University|year=1970}}</ref> But there was constant disagreement between the master and the disciple and the studies soon ended. However, he sought initiation at the hands of this guru under the name of Poornaprajna and wrote his commentaries under the name Ananda Tirtha.<ref>{{cite book|title=Philosophers and Religious Leaders, Volume 1|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=g-cYAAAAIAAJ|author=V. Raghavan|publisher=Publication Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Government of India|date=1978|page=12}}</ref> Madhvacharya converted his own guru Achyutapreksha to [[Dvaita Vedanta]], like Ramanuja converting his Advaita guru Yadavapreksha renaming him Govindasure to Vishistadvaita.<ref>{{cite book|title=Living Traditions in Contemporary Contexts: The Madhva Matha of Udupi|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-utNEpTZWUkC&q=Dandathirta|publisher=Orient Blackswan|year=2002|author=Vasudeva Rao|page=33|isbn = 9788125022978}}</ref> Madhva brought Vedantic and Upanishadic ideas to this tradition, and wrote texts on dualism, called [[Dvaita]] in the Hindu tradition. His ideas are one of three subschools in [[Vedanta]], the other two are known as [[Adi Shankara]]'s Advaita (absolute monism) and [[Ramanujacharya]]'s [[Vishistadvaita]] (qualified monism).<ref>{{cite book|author=Bruce M. Sullivan|title=The A to Z of Hinduism|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xU4ZdatgRysC|year=2001|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield|isbn=978-0-8108-4070-6|page=239}}</ref>

According to Madhva, the Divine and the soul are completely distinct from each other.<ref>{{cite book|title=Viṣṇu, the Ever Free: A Study of the Mādhva Concept of God|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hITXAAAAMAAJ|page=227|publisher=Dialogue Series|author=Ignatius Puthiadam|year=1985}}</ref> The Madhva Sampradaya worships Vishnu as the highest Hindu deity and regards [[Madhva]], whom they consider to be an incarnation of Vishnu's son, [[Vayu]], as an incarnate saviour.<ref>{{cite book|title=Encyclopedia Americana: M to Mexico City|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=U_gWAQAAMAAJ|page=59|publisher=Scholastic Library Publishing|year=2006|isbn = 9780717201396}}</ref> Madhvism regards Vayu as [[Vishnu]]'s agent in this world, and [[Hanuman]], [[Bhima]], and [[Madhvacharya]] to be his three incarnations; for this reason, the roles of Hanuman in the [[Ramayana]] and Bhima in the [[Mahabharata]] are emphasised, and Madhvacharya is particularly held in high esteem.<ref>{{cite book|title=Prāci-jyotī: Digest of Indological Studies, Volume 13|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=28A5AQAAIAAJ|page=245|publisher=Kurukshetra University|year=1977}}</ref> Vayu is prominently shown by Madhva in countless texts.<ref>{{cite book|title=Madhva's Philosophy of the Viṣṇu Faith|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GITXAAAAMAAJ|publisher=Dvaita Vedanta Studies and Research Founda|author=Helmuth von Glasenapp|year=1992|page=154}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Indian Culture: Journal of the Indian Research Institute, Volume 3, Issues 3-4|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8mBDAAAAYAAJ|year=1984|publisher=I.B. Corporation|page=505}}</ref>

Madhvacharya was a staunch Vaishnava who pushed strongly the belief that Vishnu was the highest of Hindu deities, and refused to accept any claims that other Hindu deities might be equally as high. Madhvacharya says that in the beginning there was only one God and that was [[Narayana]] or [[Vishnu]].<ref>{{cite book|title=Famous Indian sages: their immortal messages|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dKnXAAAAMAAJ|publisher=Sagar Publications|page=356|year=1982|author=Vivek Ranjan Bhattacharya}}</ref> Madhvacharya states that the ultimate divine reality, which Hindu traditions refer to as [[Brahman]], and the individual souls, known as [[jiva|jīvātman]]s, exist as independent realities and that these are distinct. Madhva states "''brahmaśabdaśca Viṣṇaveva''", that Brahman can only refer to [[Vishnu]]. According to Madhvism, Vishnu was not just any other [[deva (Hinduism)|deva]], but rather the one and only Supreme Being.{{Sfn|Bryant|2007|p=358}}<ref>{{cite web|title=Madhva (1238-1317) |first= Valerie| last= Stoker| publisher= Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy|year=2011 |access-date=29 February 2016| url=http://www.iep.utm.edu/madhva/}}</ref> Madhvacharya also asserted, ''yathecchasi tatha kuru'', which Sharma translates and explains as "one has the right to choose between right and wrong, a choice each individual makes out of his own responsibility and his own risk".{{Sfn|Sharma|1962|p=361}}

Madhva rejects Shankara's conception of the ''Nirguna Brahman''—that is, Brahman without characterisations—and accepts the conception of the ''Saguna Brahman''—that is, Brahman with characterisations—as the ultimate divine reality. In Madhva philosophy, Brahman possesses all positive qualities; at the root of these are existence, consciousness, and bliss. An impersonal Brahman, such as Shankara's Nirguna Brahman cannot perform these functions. For Madhva, the personal Brahman is not different from Vishnu, whom Vaishnavas consider to be the creator, the maintainer and destroyer of the world. According to the Madhva viewpoint, nothing can condition Brahman. According to Madhva, Brahman is neither the limited infinite divine reality of the [[Nyaya]] school nor a being in inseparable relation with matter and selves as in the philosophy of [[Ramanuja]]. Rather, Brahman is viewed as completely independent, but whilst the jivas are viewed as dependent upon Brahman for activity, knowledge, and existence. According to the Vaishnava viewpoint, Vishnu creates the world by his will and brings into existence the world of objects and selves. Objects and selves, though real and irreducible to each other, are dependent on Brahman. At the time of dissolution of the world, material and objects are considered to be transformed into undifferentiated matter and selves into disembodied intelligence by Brahman; it is believed, even in the state of dissolution, that Brahman, matter, and the jivas remain distinct from one another, and do not merge with one another.<ref>{{cite book|title=Encyclopaedia of Oriental Philosophy and Religion: Hinduism: J-R|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0TBTVPax4E8C|publisher=Global Vision Publishing House|author1=Nagendra Kr Singh|author2=A. P. Mishra|year=2005|page=473|isbn=9788182200739}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=The Metaphysics of Becoming: On the Relationship between Creativity and God in Whitehead and Supermind and Sachchidananda in Aurobindo|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=r97mBQAAQBAJ|publisher=Walter de Gruyter|author=Thomas Padiyath|date = 31 January 2014|page=157|access-date=31 January 2014|isbn=9783110342772}}</ref>

==Haridasa movement==
{{Main article|Haridasa}}

The devotional movement of the [[Haridasa]] of [[Karnataka]] was an expression of [[Madhva]]'s religious thought. The Haridasa movement initiated by Madhva has had a deep impact on the people in different parts of the country.<ref>{{cite book|title=President R. Venkataraman selected speeches, Volume 1|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BAy2AAAAIAAJ|author=Ramaswami Venkataraman|publisher=Publications Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Govt. of India|year=1991|page=474}}</ref> The Haridasas were mostly [[Madhwas]] and almost exclusively of the Brahmin community.<ref>{{cite book|title=South Asian Intellectuals and Social Change: A Study of the Role of Vernacular-speaking Intelligentsia|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5ZvZAAAAMAAJ|author=Yogendra K. Malik|publisher=Heritage|year=1981|page=262}}</ref>

==Influence==
According to Sharma, the influence of Dvaita Vedanta ideas have been most prominent on the Chaitanya school of [[Bengal]] Vaishnavism, whose devotees started the [[International Society for Krishna Consciousness]] ([[ISKCON]]) - known colloquially as the [[Hare Krishna Movement]].
{{Sfn|Sharma|1962|pp=22-23}} and also in [[Assam]].{{Sfn|Sharma|2000|pp=514-516}} [[Chaitanya Mahaprabhu]](1496-1534) is said to be a disciple of Isvara Puri who was a disciple of Madhavendra Puri who was a disciple of Lakshmipati Tirtha who was a disciple of [[Vyasatirtha]](1469-1539) of Madhvacharya's Sampradaya.<ref>[https://gaudiya.com/pdf/Is_the_Gaudiya_Vaishnava_sampradaya_connected_to_the_Madhva_line.pdf Connection between Gaudiya and Madhva Sampradayas](pdf)</ref> Gujarat Vaishnava culture is also influenced by the Madhva philosophy.<ref>{{cite book|title=Karnataka State: Udupi District|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LGiex76a5-kC|author=S. Anees Siraj|publisher=Government of Karnataka, Karnataka Gazetteer Department|year=2012|page=192}}</ref>

==Institutions==
Madhvacharya established many Mathas by defeating various acharyas of different sampradayas. The followers of [[Madhva]] are of many distinct groups, they are, the [[Tulu people|Tuluva]]s, the [[Kannada people|Kannadigas]], the [[Marathi people|Marathi]]s, the [[Telugu people|Telugu]]s, the [[Tamil people|Tamilian]]s, the [[Biharis]], the [[Malayali people|Malayali]]s, and the [[Konkani people|Konkani]]s. Thus there are twenty-four separate institutions of the Madhva-Vaishnava faith.{{Sfn|Hebbar|2005|p=152}}{{Sfn|Sharma|2000|p=541}}

===Tuluva Mathas===
{{Main article|Ashta Mathas of Udupi}}
The mathas present in the Tulu region are called ''Tuluva Mathas''.
Most of the [[Tulu language|Tulu]]-Speaking in the [[Tulunadu|Tulu region]] and [[Malayalam language|Malayalam]]-Speaking people in the [[Kerala]] region who follow [[Madhvacharya]]'s philosophy are followers of the twelve Madhva Mathas. The twelve Madhva Mathas are [[Pejawara Matha]], Palimaru Matha, Adamaru Matha, Puttige Matha, Sodhe Matha, Kaniyooru Matha, Shiroor Matha, [[Krishnapura Matha]], Bhandarakeri Matha, [[Subramanya Matha]], Chitrapura Matha, [[Bhimanakatte matha]].{{Sfn|Hebbar|2005|p=152}} Out of these twelve Tuluva mathas, eight are part of the [[Ashta Mathas of Udupi|Ashta (eight) mathas of Udupi]] who take turns once every two years ([[Paryaya]]) to worship Lord Krishna in at Udupi.<ref>{{cite book|title=Living Traditions in Contemporary Contexts: The Madhva Matha of Udupi|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-utNEpTZWUkC|publisher=Orient Blackswan|year=2002|author=Vasudeva Rao|page=30|isbn = 9788125022978}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Krishna in History, Thought, and Culture: An Encyclopedia of the Hindu Lord of Many Names: An Encyclopedia of the Hindu Lord of Many Names|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4fw2DAAAQBAJ|page=165|publisher=ABC-CLIO|author=Lavanya Vemsani Ph.D.|date = 13 June 2016|access-date=13 June 2016|isbn=9781610692113}}</ref> These twelve mathas are descended from [[Madhvacharya]]'s direct disciples, Adhokshaja Teertha, Hrishikesha Teertha, Narasimha Teertha, Upendra Teertha, Rama Teertha, Vamana Teertha, Janardhana Teertha and [[Madhva]]'s brother [[Vishnu Tirtha]].

=== Deshastha Mathas or Deccan Plateau Mathas===
Along with Ashta Mathas of Udupi Madhvacharya also founded a matha with his disciple [[Padmanabha Tirtha]] as its Peetadhipathi to spread [[Tattvavada]] (Dvaita) Vedanta outside the Tulunadu region with instructions that his disciples [[Narahari Tirtha]], [[Madhava Tirtha]], [[Akshobya Tirtha]] should be future successors of this matha. According to [[Surendranath Dasgupta]], Uttaradi Math is the main matha of Madhvacharya and it was divided twice, so we end up with three mathas, the other two being [[Vyasaraja Math (Sosale)|Vyasaraja Math]] and [[Raghavendra Math]].<ref name="Rosen-p132">{{cite book|title=Vaisnavism|author=Steven Rosen|publisher=Motilal Banarsidass Publishers|date=30 November 1994|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4IrQkw5x2o4C&pg=PA132|page=132|isbn=9788120812352}}</ref> All the mathas outside Tulunadu region are one way or other descended from Padmanabha Tirtha. Since Padmanabha Tirtha was from [[Desh region]] all the mathas descended from him are known as ''Deshastha Mathas'' or '' Deccan plateau Mathas''. [[Marathi language|Marathi]], [[Kannada language|Kannada]], [[Telugu language|Telugu]], [[Hindi language|Hindi]], [[Bihari language|Bihari]], [[Tamil language|Tamil]], speaking people following Madhvacharya outside [[Tulunadu]] and [[Konkan Coast|Konkan regions]] are all followers of these ten Madhva Mathas. Most of peetadhipathis who presided over these ten mathas belonged to Deshastha Brahmin community.{{Sfn|Hebbar|2005|p=152}} These ten Madhva Mathas are, [[Uttaradi Matha]], [[Vyasaraja Matha (Sosale)|Vyasaraja Matha]], [[Raghavendra Matha]], Sripadaraja Matha, Kanva Matha, Kudli Matha, Tambehalli Matha (also known as Majjigehalli Maṭha), Kundapura Vyasaraja Matha, Sagarakatte Matha, Baligaru Matha.{{Sfn|Hebbar|2005|p=152}}

;Mathatraya of Desh
Mathatraya are the three mathas which are descended in the lineage of [[Madhvacharya]]'s direct disciples, [[Padmanabha Tirtha]], [[Narahari Tirtha]], [[Madhava Tirtha]], [[Akshobya Tirtha]]. [[Jayatirtha]] succeeded the main matha after Akshobya Tirtha.{{Sfn|Sharma|2000|p=196}}{{Sfn|Sharma|2000|p=197}}{{Sfn|Hebbar|2005|p=61}} Uttaradi Matha, Vyasaraja Matha and Raghavendra Math are descended from [[Jayatirtha]]. [[Uttaradi Matha]], [[Vyasaraja Matha (Sosale)|Vyasaraja Matha]] and [[Raghavendra Matha (Mantralayam)|Raghavendra Matha]] are considered to be the three premier apostolic institutions of [[Dvaita Vedanta]] and are jointly referred as ''Mathatraya'' .{{Sfn|Sharma|2000|p=199}}<ref>{{cite book|title=Vaisnavism|author=Steven Rosen|publisher=Motilal Banarsidass Publishers|date=30 November 1994|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4IrQkw5x2o4C&pg=PA132|page=132|isbn=9788120812352}}</ref>{{Sfn|Sharma|2000|p=193}} It is the pontiffs and pandits of the ''Mathatraya'' that have been the principle architects of post-Madhva Dvaita Vedanta through the centuries.<ref>{{cite book|title=Viśiṣṭādvaita and Dvaita: A Systematic and Comparative Study of the Two Schools of Vedānta with Special Reference to Some Doctrinal Controversies|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NrHWAAAAMAAJ|author=B. N. Hebbar|page=29|publisher=Bharatiya Granth Niketan|year=2004|isbn = 9788189211011}}</ref> As a matter of fact, these have taken the lion's share in the task of developing and propagating the philosophy of [[Madhva]]. For this reason they can unhesitatingly be regarded as the intellectual heirs to the legacy of [[Madhva]], [[Jayatirtha]] and [[Vyasatirtha]].{{Sfn|Sharma|2000|p=197}}<ref>{{cite book|title=Vaisnavism|author=Steven Rosen|publisher=Motilal Banarsidass Publishers|date=30 November 1994|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4IrQkw5x2o4C&pg=PA132|page=132|isbn=9788120812352}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=The Oxford India Hinduism Reader|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pQBPAQAAIAAJ|author1=[[Vasudha Dalmia]]|author2=[[Heinrich von Stietencron]]|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2009|pages=161–162|isbn = 9780198062462|quote=The Desastha or Kannada-Marathi Madhvas have a few mathas, of which the Uttaradimatha is the largest.“ The Uttaradimatha is the original matha of Madhva and his teacher (although both of them were tauluvas from West coast, that it was founded by Lord Vishnu himself and that over 80 per cent of all Madhvas are its followers.}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Ascetics of Kashi: An Anthropological Exploration|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8nHXAAAAMAAJ|author1=Surajit Sinha|author2=Baidyanath Saraswati|publisher=N.K. Bose Memorial Foundation|year=1978|page=133}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable" align=center style = " background: transparent; "
|+ Mathatraya of Desha{{Sfn|Sharma|2000|p=193}}
|-style="text-align: center;"
| width=150px style="background: #ffad66;" | Matha
| width=150px style="background: #ffad66;"| Present Swamiji
|-
|[[Uttaradi Matha]] || [[Satyatma Tirtha]]
|-
|[[Raghavendra Matha]]|| Subhudhendra Tirtha
|-
|[[Vyasaraja Matha (Sosale)|Vyasaraja Matha]]||Vidyashrisha Tirtha
|-
|}

===Konkani Mathas===
[[Gaud Saraswat Brahmin]]s and other Saraswat Brahmins who follow Madhvacharya and his philosophy [[Dvaita Vedanta]] are followers of two Madhva Mathas. They are mainly concentrated in the [[Konkan|Konkan coast]] (including [[Goa]]), [[Malabar Coast]] of Karnataka and Kerala, and [[Uttar Pradesh]] mainly [[Varanasi]] and surrounding areas. These two Saraswat Mathas are [[Kashi Math]] and [[Gokarna Math]].{{Sfn|Hebbar|2005|p=152}}

==Prominent Madhva teachers==
Some of the prominent Madhva teachers include:
{{div col}}
* [[Padmanabha Tirtha]]
* [[Naraharitirtha|Narahari Tirtha]]
* [[Akshobhya Tirtha]]
* [[Jayatirtha|Jaya Tirtha]]
* [[Sripadaraja|Sripadaraja Tirtha]]
* [[Vyasatirtha|Vyasa Tirtha]]
* [[Raghuttama Tirtha]]
* [[Vadiraja Tirtha]]
* [[Vijayendra Tirtha]]
* [[Sudhindra Tirtha]]
* [[Satyanatha Tirtha]]
* [[Raghavendra Tirtha]]
{{div col end}}

==See also==
*[[Madhvacharya]]
*[[Dvaita Vedanta]]
*[[Vaishnavism]]
*[[Bhagavatism]]
* [[Madhva Vaishnavas]]
* [[Gaudiya Vaishnavism]]
* [[Chaitanya Mahaprabhu]]

==Notes==
{{reflist|group=note|2}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

===Sources===
{{refbegin}}

* {{Citation | last =Bryant | first =Edwin Francis | year =2007 | title =Krishna: A Sourcebook | publisher =Oxford University Press| isbn =978-0-19-803400-1}}
*{{cite book|title= The Sri-Krsna Temple at Udupi: The History and Spiritual Center of the Madhvite Sect of Hinduism|url=https://archive.org/details/SriKrsnaTempleAtUdupi|first=B.N|last=Hebbar|publisher=Bharatiya Granth Nikethan|year=2005|isbn=81-89211-04-8}}
* {{cite book|last=Flood|first=Gavin|title=The Blackwell Companion to Hinduism|url=https://archive.org/details/blackwellcompani00floo|url-access=limited|year=2003|publisher=Blackwell Publishing|location=Oxford|isbn=0-631-21535-2|pages=[https://archive.org/details/blackwellcompani00floo/page/n237 251]}}
* {{cite book|last = Goswami|first = S.D.|title =Readings in Vedic Literature: The Tradition Speaks for Itself| publisher =Assoc Publishing Group| year = 1976| pages = 240 pages| isbn = 0-912776-88-9| location = S.l.}}
* {{Citation | last1 =Jones | first1 =Constance | last2 =Ryan | first2 =James D. | year =2006 | title =Encyclopedia of Hinduism | publisher =Infobase | isbn =9780816075645 | url =https://books.google.com/books?id=OgMmceadQ3gC}}
* {{cite web|author=New Zealand Hare Krishna Spiritual Resource Network|url=http://www.salagram.net/gp-Padmanabha%20Tirtha.htm|title=Padmanabha Tirtha|publisher=New Zealand Hare Krishna Spiritual Resource Network|access-date=14 December 2012}}
* {{cite book|last=Padmanabhachar |first=C.M. |title=The Life and Teachings of Sri Madhvacharya| url=https://archive.org/download/TheLifeAndTeachingsOfSriMadhvacharyar/TheLifeAndTeachingsOfSriMadhvacharyar-C.m.PadmanabhaChar1909.pdf |access-date =28 July 2011}}
* {{cite book|title = Philosophy of Śrī Madhvācārya|first = B. N. Krishnamurti| last = Sharma| publisher=Motilal Banarsidass (2014 Reprint) |isbn = 978-8120800687| year= 1962 | url=https://archive.org/stream/Philosophy.of.Sri.Madhvacarya/Philosophy.of.Sri.Madhvacharya#page/n0/mode/2up}}
* {{cite book| title= Epistemologies and the Limitations of Philosophical Enquiry: Doctrine in Madhva Vedanta|first= Deepak| last= Sarma| publisher= Routledge| year= 2005}}
* {{cite book|title = A History of the Dvaita School of Vedānta and Its Literature, 3rd Edition|first = B. N. Krishnamurti| last = Sharma| publisher=Motilal Banarsidass (2008 Reprint) |isbn = 978-8120815759| year= 2000 }}
{{refend}}

==Further reading==
*{{cite book|title=Madhva's Philosophy of the Viṣṇu Faith|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GITXAAAAMAAJ|author=Helmuth von Glasenapp|publisher=Dvaita Vedanta Studies and Research Foundation|year=1992}}
*{{cite book|title=An Introduction to Madhva Vedanta|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qmdQDwAAQBAJ|author=Deepak Sarma|date = 29 September 2017|publisher=Routledge|isbn = 9781351958738|access-date=29 September 2017}}
* {{cite book |surname=Okita |given=Kiyokazu |chapter=Chapter 15. Who are the Mādhvas? A Controversy over the Public Representation of the Mādhva Sampradāya |editor=John Zavos |display-editors=etal |title=Public Hinduisms |year=2012 |url={{Google books|uuuICwAAQBAJ|page=|keywords=|text=|plainurl=yes}} |place=New Delhi |publisher=Sage Publ. India |isbn=978-81-321-1696-7}}
* {{cite book|last=Padmanabhachar |first=C.M. |title=The Life and Teachings of Sri Madhvacharya| url=https://archive.org/download/TheLifeAndTeachingsOfSriMadhvacharyar/TheLifeAndTeachingsOfSriMadhvacharyar-C.m.PadmanabhaChar1909.pdf |access-date =28 July 2011}}
* {{cite book|title = Philosophy of Śrī Madhvācārya|first = B. N. Krishnamurti| last = Sharma| publisher=Motilal Banarsidass (2014 Reprint) |isbn = 978-8120800687| year= 1962 | url=https://archive.org/stream/Philosophy.of.Sri.Madhvacarya/Philosophy.of.Sri.Madhvacharya#page/n0/mode/2up |ref=none}}
* {{cite book|title = A History of the Dvaita School of Vedānta and Its Literature, 3rd Edition|first = B. N. Krishnamurti| last = Sharma| publisher=Motilal Banarsidass (2008 Reprint) |isbn = 978-8120815759| year= 2000 |ref=none}}

==External links==
* [http://www.dvaita.org Dvaita.org] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230613064759/https://www.dvaita.org/ |date=2023-06-13 }}
* [http://www.tatvavada.org Tatvavada]

{{Hindudharma}}
{{Indian Philosophy}}

[[Category:Bhakti-era Hindu sects]]
[[Category:Vaishnava sects]]
[[Category:Madhva tradition]]
[[Category:Hindu denominations]]
[[Category:Dvaita Vedanta]]

Ram Kumar Sharma

2025-11-25T07:25:53Z

Vilianawge: minor cleanup

{{Short description|Indian politician (born 1964)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2015}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| image = Ram Kumar Sharma - Kolkata 2017-07-10 3330.JPG
| name = Kushwaha Ram Kumar Sharma
| caption =
|office = [[Member of Parliament (India)|Member]] of the [[India Parliament]] for [[Sitamarhi (Lok Sabha constituency)|Sitamarhi]]
|term_start = 16 May 2014
|term_end = 23 May 2019
|constituency = Sitamarhi
|predecessor = [[Arjun Roy]]
|successor =
| party = [[Janata Dal (United)]]
| birth_date ={{Birth date and age|1964|1|08|df=y}}
| birth_place = Vill. Nanpur, [[Sitamarhi District|Sitamarhi]], Bihar
| residence = 130, North Avenue New Delhi
|office2=National General Secretary of [[Janata Dal (United)]]<ref name="Toi"/>
|term_start2= March 2023
| death_date =
| death_place =
| spouse = Vina Bharti
| children = Anmol kushwaha/ Ashwary kumar
| footnotes =
| date = 12 December
| year = 2016
| source = http://164.100.47.194/Loksabha/Members/MemberBioprofile.aspx?mpsno=4714
}}

'''Kushwaha Ram Kumar Sharma''' (born 1964) is an Indian politician and a [[member of parliament]] from [[Sitamarhi (Lok Sabha constituency)]], [[Bihar]]. He won the [[2014 Indian general election]] being a [[Rashtriya Lok Samta Party]] candidate.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/1140518/jsp/bihar/story_18354102.jsp |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180215083945/https://www.telegraphindia.com/1140518/jsp/bihar/story_18354102.jsp |url-status=dead |archive-date=15 February 2018 |title=Kushwaha find leader in Upendra |first=Dipak |work=The Telegraph |last=Mishra |date=18 May 2014 |accessdate=2018-02-14}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.aajtak.in/india/bihar/story/bihar-jdu-national-executive-nitish-kumar-social-engineering-2024-election-ntck-1659186-2023-03-22|title=आधे से ज्यादा OBC-अति पिछड़े, कुशवाहा का काउंटर प्लान... नीतीश की नई टीम में नई सोशल इंजीनियरिं|website=aajtak|accessdate=23 March 2023}}</ref><ref name="Toi">{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/k-c-tyagi-jdus-well-known-face-does-not-find-a-place-in-new-national-team-of-nitish-kumars-party/articleshow/98871042.cms|title=K C Tyagi, JD(U)'s well-known face, does not find place in new national team of Nitish Kumar's party|website=Times of India|accessdate=23 March 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://zeenews.india.com/hindi/india/bihar-jharkhand/politics/nitish-kumar-and-lalan-singh-appoint-many-kushwaha-leaders-in-jdu-national-and-state-committee/1622179|title=कुशवाहा ने किया डैमेज तो `कुशवाहा` ही करेंगे कंट्रोल, क्या नीतीश ने खोज लिया उपेंद्र से हुए नुकसान की भरपाई का रास्ता?|accessdate=23 March 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://navbharattimes.indiatimes.com/state/bihar/patna/jdu-national-executive-appointments-and-nitish-kumar-luv-kush-politics-in-bihar/articleshow/98905791.cms|title=JDU National Executive : चाह कर भी 'लव कुश' का मोह नहीं छोड़ पाए नीतीश, कुशवाहा के डैमेज ने कर दिया बेचैन|website=Navbharat times|accessdate=23 March 2023}}</ref>

==Political career==
Sharma was a Member of Indian Parliament from Sitamarhi constituency. He was a member of [[Rashtriya Lok Samata Party]], a splinter political party that emerged from [[Janata Dal (United)]]. He was considered as a trusted aide of [[Upendra Kushwaha]], and was serving as the [[Chief Whip]] of RLSP in [[Lok Sabha]]. He was also the parliamentary board president of the party. In 2019, RLSP under Upendra Kushwaha aligned with ''[[Mahagathbandhan (Bihar)]]''. Sharma accused Upendra Kushwaha of selling party tickets without consulting him and avoiding the political workers. He caused a split in the RLSP by floating his own faction called Rashtriya Lok Samata Party (Ramkumar Sharma).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2019/apr/08/rlsp-mp-ram-kumar-sharma%E2%80%8B-floats-own-faction-claims-kushwaha-sold-tickets-1961799.html|title=Ram Kumar Sharma floats his own faction|website=new indian express|accessdate=23 March 2023}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}
{{16th LS members from Bihar}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sharma, Ram Kumar}}
[[Category:India MPs 2014–2019]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Lok Sabha members from Bihar]]
[[Category:People from Sitamarhi district]]
[[Category:Rashtriya Lok Samata politicians]]
[[Category:1964 births]]
[[Category:Janata Dal (United) politicians]]

{{Bihar-politician-stub}}

Raja Shankar Shah University

2025-11-13T12:03:08Z

Vilianawge: starting the data from scratch

{{Short description|University in Madhya Pradesh, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2022}}
{{Infobox university
|name = Raja Shankar Shah University
|image = Raja Shankar Shah University logo.png
|latin_name =
|other_name = Chhindwara University
|motto = ''Jñānaṃ anaṃtaṃ''
|mottoeng = Knowledge is infinite
|established = {{Start date and age|2019}}
|type = [[Public University|Public]]
|endowment =
|staff =
|faculty =
|president =
|principal =
|rector =
|chancellor = [[Governor of Madhya Pradesh]]
|vice_chancellor = Dr. Leela Bhalavi
|dean =
|head_label =
|head =
|students =
|undergrad =
|postgrad =
|doctoral =
|coor = {{coord|22.070|78.949|region:IN-MP_type:edu|display=inline, title}}
|address = Dharam Tekri
|city = [[Chhindwara]]
|state = [[Madhya Pradesh]]
|country = [[India]]
|campus = Urban
|free_label =
|free =
|colors =
|colours =
|mascot =
|nickname =
|affiliations = [[University Grants Commission (India)|UGC]]
|website = {{URL|https://cuc.ac.in/}}
}}

'''Raja Shankar Shah University''', formerly known as '''Chhindwara University''', is a [[state university (India)|state university]] in [[Chhindwara]], [[Madhya Pradesh]], [[India]].<ref>{{cite web| url=https://www.ugc.ac.in/stateuniversitylist.aspx?id=20&Unitype=2| title=State University Madhya Pradesh| publisher=[[University Grants Commission (India)|University Grants Commission]] | accessdate=6 September 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.ugc.ac.in/oldpdf/Consolidated%20list%20of%20All%20Universities.pdf | title=Total No. of Universities in the Country as on 04.08.2020 | publisher=[[University Grants Commission (India)|University Grants Commission]] | accessdate=6 September 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bhopal/madhya-pradesh-e-learning-clicks-with-students-universities-set-attendance-records/articleshow/75243965.cms | title=Madhya Pradesh: E-learning clicks with students, universities | work=[[The Times of India]] | date=20 April 2020 | accessdate=6 September 2020}}</ref>

==Affiliated colleges==
The university has jurisdiction over four districts, [[Balaghat district|Balaghat]], [[Betul district|Betul]], [[Chhindwara district|Chhindwara]] and [[Seoni district|Seoni]].{{cn|date=September 2022}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{official|https://cuc.ac.in/}}

{{Universities in Madhya Pradesh}}

[[Category:Universities in Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:Chhindwara]]
[[Category:Universities and colleges established in 2019]]
[[Category:2019 establishments in Madhya Pradesh]]

Anuppampattu

2025-08-17T20:54:55Z

Vilianawge: created first pg and citations!

{{short description|Village in Tamil Nadu, India}}
{{One source|date=February 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2025}}
{{Infobox village
| settlement_type = Village
| coordinates = {{coord|13.3043|80.2310|type:railwaystation_region:IN|display=inline}}
| coordinates_footnotes = {{refn|These are the coordinates of the [[Anuppampattu railway station]]}}
| subdivision_type = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
| subdivision_name = [[India]]
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and union territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Tamil Nadu]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[Districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Tiruvallur district]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[Taluk]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[Ponneri taluk]]
| area_total_ha = 961.57
| population_total = 8719
}}

'''Anuppampattu''' is a village situated in the [[Ponneri taluk|Ponneri Taluk]] of the [[Tiruvallur district]] in the Indian state of [[Tamil Nadu]]. The village falls under the administrative jurisdiction of Siruvakkam gram panchayat. [[Tiruvallur|Thiruvallur]] and [[Ponneri]] serve as the district and sub-district headquarters for Anuppampattu, respectively.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Anuppampattu Village Population - Ponneri - Thiruvallur, Tamil Nadu |url=https://www.census2011.co.in/data/village/628718-anuppampattu-tamil-nadu.html |access-date=2024-06-21 |website=census2011.co.in}}</ref>

== Geography ==
Anuppampattu spans a total geographical area of 961.57 hectares.{{Citation needed|date=July 2024}}

== Demographics ==
According to the 2011 Census of India, Anuppampattu has a total population of 8,719 individuals.<ref name=":0" /> The population is almost evenly split between men and women, with 4,370 men and 4,349 women.<ref name=":0" /> The village has a literacy rate of 77.69%, with male literacy at 85.44% and female literacy at 70.00%.<ref name=":0" /> There are around 2,350 houses in Anuppampattu.<ref name=":0" />

== Economy ==
Ponneri, being the nearest town to Anuppampattu (about 4km away), serves as the hub for major economic activities for the residents of the village. Its proximity to Ponneri facilitates easy access to markets, healthcare, and other essential services.{{Citation needed|date=July 2024}}

As of 2011, out of the 4119 people working more than six months of the year, 1384 (37%) were either farm owners, co-owners, or agricultural laborers.<ref name=":0" />

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{coord|13|18|05|N|80|13|27|E|type:city_region:IN|display=title}}

[[Category:Villages in Tiruvallur district]]

{{Tiruvallur-geo-stub}}

Selvam

2025-08-04T14:26:42Z

Vilianawge: put up new article

'''Selvam''' may refer to:

==People with the first name==
*[[Selvam Suresh Kumar]], cricketer for the Chennai Super Kings
*[[Selva (director)]], director of Tamil language movies

==People with the last name==
*[[Cyril Selvam]], judge of the Madras High Court

==Nicknames==
*[[Selvam Adaikalanathan]], politician in the Parliament of Sri Lanka
*[[S. J. V. Chelvanayakam]], post-independence politician in the Sri Lanka Parliament

==Media==
*[[Selvam (1966 film)|''Selvam'' (1966 film)]], a Tamil film directed by K. S. Gopalakrishnan, starring Sivaji Ganesan and K. R. Vijaya
*[[Selvam (2005 film)|''Selvam'' (2005 film)]], a Tamil film directed by Agathiyan, starring Nandha Durairaj and Uma
*[[Selvam (2011 film)|''Selvam'' (2011 film)]], a Sinhala film Sanjaya Leelarathne, starring Joe Abeywickrama and Malini Fonseka

{{dab|surname|given name}}
[[Category:Surnames]]
[[Category:Tamil masculine given names]]
[[Category:Masculine given names]]

List of Ollywood films of 1984

2025-07-29T07:57:43Z

Vilianawge: expanded content

#REDIRECT [[List of Odia films of 1984]]

{{Redirect category shell|
{{R from move}}
}}

Musen Mata

2025-07-25T01:05:33Z

Vilianawge:

{{morefootnotes|date=May 2022}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2022}}
{{infobox settlement
| name = Musen Mata
| settlement_type = Village
| map_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Rajasthan#India
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption =
| coordinates = {{coord|24.803554|N|76.629587|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = India
| subdivision_type1 = State
| subdivision_name1 = [[Rajasthan]]
| subdivision_type2 = District
| subdivision_name2 = [[Baran district|Baran]] ([[Hadoti]] Region)
| government_type = Democratic
| governing_body = Village Under [[Antana]] [[Gram Panchayat]]
| leader_title = [[Sarpanch]]
| leader_name = Smt. Prembai Nagar
| leader_title2 = Member of Parliament [[Jhalawar-Baran (Lok Sabha constituency)]]
| leader_name2 = [[Dushyant Singh]] ([[Bhartiya Janta Party|BJP]])
| leader_title3 = [[Member of Legislative Assembly]] Atru-Baran Legislative constituency
| leader_name3 = Radheshyam Bairwa ([[Bhartiya Janta Party|BJP]])[[File:Bharatiya Janata Party (icon).svg|frameless|21x21px]]
| area_total_km2 = 1.5
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 289
| population_total = 872
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym = [[Rajasthani people|Rajasthani]]
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi language|Hindi]], English
| demographics1_title2 = Native
| demographics1_info2 = [[Hadoti language|Hadoti]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 325218
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| area_code = 07451
| blank1_name_sec1 = [[Human sex ratio|Sex ratio]]
| blank1_info_sec1 = 931 [[female|♀]]/[[male|♂]]
| blank2_name_sec2 = [[Child sex ratio|Sex ratio]]
| website =
}}
'''Musen Mata''' is a village of Atru tehsil in the Baran district, in Rajasthan, India. The nearest town is [[Atru]], which is 11 km away. It is located 46 km from the district headquarter, [[Baran, Rajasthan|Baran]]. Its population is 892. It comes under [[Antana]] [[Gram panchayat|Gram Panchayat]].

== Population ==
The Musen Mata Village located in Atru Tehsil, 892 People are living in this Village, 462 are males and 430 are females as per 2011 census. Expected Musen Mata population 2021/2022 is between 874 and 999. Literate people are 611 out of 370 are male and 241 are female. People living in Musen Mata depend on multiple skills, total workers are 443 out of which men are 230 and women are 213. Total 354 Cultivators are depended on agriculture farming out of 186 are cultivated by men and 168 are women. 24 people works in agricultural land as a labour in Musen Mata, men are 15 and 9 are women.

== Geographicy ==
It is situated on the Bhupasi River. The cartographic coordinates are 24.803554°N 76.629587°E. According to census data from 2011, the area of the village is 469.08 hectares.<ref>{{Cite web |title=census data 2011 |url=https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/0830_PART_B_DCHB_BARAN.pdf}}</ref>

== References ==
<references />

[[Category:Gram Panchayats and Villages in Atru Tehsil]]

Climate of Gujarat

2025-06-23T23:21:33Z

Vilianawge: added references per sources and added references as per guidelines

{{Short description|none}} 
[[File:Girnar Jain temple - Dharamchand Hemchand temple (1).jpg|thumb|Jain temple located in Girnar mountain range]]
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2020}}
The '''climate of [[Gujarat]]''' involves diverse conditions.<ref>{{Cite journal|date=2014|editor-last=Singh|editor-first=Mehtab|editor2-last=Singh|editor2-first=R.B.|editor3-last=Hassan|editor3-first=M.I.|title=Landscape Ecology and Water Management|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-54871-3|journal=Advances in Geographical and Environmental Sciences|pages=60–65|doi=10.1007/978-4-431-54871-3|isbn=978-4-431-54870-6 |s2cid=128636937 |issn=2198-3542|url-access=subscription}}</ref> The plains of [[Gujarat]] are very hot and humid in summer and cold and dry in winter. Summer is milder in the hilly regions and the coast. The average daytime temperature during winter is around {{convert|29|°C|°F}} and in nights is around {{convert|12|°C|°F}} with 100 percent sunny days and clear nights. During summers, the daytime temperature is around {{convert|49|°C|°F}} and at night no lower than {{convert|30|°C|°F}}. The [[monsoon]] season lasts from June to September. Most of [[Gujarat]] receives scant rainfall. Southern [[Gujarat]] and the hilly regions receive heavy rainfall during the [[monsoon]]s with high [[humidity]] which makes the air feel hotter. There is relief when the [[monsoon]] season starts (around mid June). The day temperatures are lowered but [[humidity]] is very high and nights are around {{convert|27|°C|°F}}. Most of the rainfall occurs in this season, and the rain can cause severe Floods. The sun is often occluded during the [[monsoon]] season. Though mostly dry, it is [[Desert climate|desertic]] in the north-west, and wet in the southern districts due to a heavy [[monsoon]] season.

Gujarat, located on the western coast of India, is impacted by the [[tropical cyclone]]s originating mostly in the [[Arabian Sea]]. There is a positive trend in both the frequency and intensity of [[List of Gujarat tropical cyclones|cyclonic activity between 2001 and 2019]].<ref name=":2">{{Cite book |url=https://gidm.gujarat.gov.in/sites/default/files/educate_your_self_document/Report%20on%20Frequency%20of%20Cyclones%20Affecting%20Gujarat%20State%20%26%20Role%20of%20Mangroves%20%26%20Shelterbelt.pdf |title=A Report on Frequency of Cyclones Affecting Gujarat State & Role of Mangroves & Shelterbelt in Cyclone Risk Mitigation |publisher=Gujarat Institute of Disaster Management}}</ref>

==Climate data==

{{Weather box
| metric first = Yes
| single line = Yes
| collapsed = Yes
| location = [[Ahmedabad]] (Köppen BSh/Aw)
| width = auto
| Jan record high C = 36.1
| Feb record high C = 40.6
| Mar record high C = 43.9
| Apr record high C = 46.2
| May record high C = 50.0
| Jun record high C = 47.2
| Jul record high C = 42.2
| Aug record high C = 40.4
| Sep record high C = 41.7
| Oct record high C = 42.8
| Nov record high C = 38.9
| Dec record high C = 35.6
| year record high C =
| Jan high C = 28.1
| Feb high C = 30.8
| Mar high C = 35.8
| Apr high C = 39.6
| May high C = 41.6
| Jun high C = 38.8
| Jul high C = 33.6
| Aug high C = 32.0
| Sep high C = 33.8
| Oct high C = 35.7
| Nov high C = 32.9
| Dec high C = 29.5
| year high C =
| Jan mean C = 20.2
| Feb mean C = 22.5
| Mar mean C = 27.6
| Apr mean C = 31.7
| May mean C = 34.3
| Jun mean C = 33.1
| Jul mean C = 29.7
| Aug mean C = 28.5
| Sep mean C = 29.2
| Oct mean C = 28.5
| Nov mean C = 24.8
| Dec mean C = 21.4
| year mean C =
| Jan low C = 12.4
| Feb low C = 14.3
| Mar low C = 19.5
| Apr low C = 23.9
| May low C = 27.0
| Jun low C = 27.5
| Jul low C = 25.9
| Aug low C = 25.0
| Sep low C = 24.7
| Oct low C = 21.4
| Nov low C = 16.7
| Dec low C = 13.4
| year low C =
| Jan record low C = 3.3
| Feb record low C = 2.2
| Mar record low C = 9.4
| Apr record low C = 12.8
| May record low C = 19.1
| Jun record low C = 19.4
| Jul record low C = 20.4
| Aug record low C = 21.2
| Sep record low C = 17.2
| Oct record low C = 12.6
| Nov record low C = 8.3
| Dec record low C = 3.6
| year record low C =
| rain colour = green
| Jan rain mm = 1.2
| Feb rain mm = 0.6
| Mar rain mm = 1.1
| Apr rain mm = 2.5
| May rain mm = 5.5
| Jun rain mm = 84.3
| Jul rain mm = 310.1
| Aug rain mm = 242.2
| Sep rain mm = 120.2
| Oct rain mm = 13.1
| Nov rain mm = 1.9
| Dec rain mm = 0.9
| year rain mm = 783.6
| Jan rain days = 0.2
| Feb rain days = 0.1
| Mar rain days = 0.2
| Apr rain days = 0.3
| May rain days = 0.3
| Jun rain days = 3.9
| Jul rain days = 11.3
| Aug rain days = 10.3
| Sep rain days = 6.1
| Oct rain days = 0.9
| Nov rain days = 0.3
| Dec rain days = 0.1
| year rain days = 34.0
| Jan humidity = 49
| Feb humidity = 43
| Mar humidity = 37
| Apr humidity = 41
| May humidity = 47
| Jun humidity = 62
| Jul humidity = 77
| Aug humidity = 81
| Sep humidity = 71
| Oct humidity = 53
| Nov humidity = 48
| Dec humidity = 50
| year humidity = 55
| Jan dew point C = 9
| Feb dew point C = 10
| Mar dew point C = 10
| Apr dew point C = 14
| May dew point C = 19
| Jun dew point C = 23
| Jul dew point C = 25
| Aug dew point C = 25
| Sep dew point C = 24
| Oct dew point C = 19
| Nov dew point C = 14
| Dec dew point C = 11
| Jan sun = 287.3
| Feb sun = 274.3
| Mar sun = 277.5
| Apr sun = 297.2
| May sun = 329.6
| Jun sun = 238.3
| Jul sun = 130.1
| Aug sun = 111.4
| Sep sun = 220.6
| Oct sun = 290.7
| Nov sun = 274.1
| Dec sun = 288.6
| year sun =
| Jan uv = 6
| Feb uv = 8
| Mar uv = 11
| Apr uv = 12
| May uv = 12
| Jun uv = 12
| Jul uv = 12
| Aug uv = 12
| Sep uv = 11
| Oct uv = 9
| Nov uv = 7
| Dec uv = 6
| source 1 = India Meteorological Department (record high and low up to 2012)<ref name=AhmIMD>{{cite web
|url = http://www.imd.gov.in/section/climate/extreme/ahmedabad2.htm
|title = Ahmedabad Climatological Table Period: 1981–2010
|publisher = [[India Meteorological Department]]
|access-date = 25 March 2015
|url-status = dead
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150402111936/http://www.imd.gov.in/section/climate/extreme/ahmedabad2.htm
|archive-date = 2 April 2015
|df = dmy-all
}}</ref><ref name=AhmIMD2>{{cite web
|url=http://www.imdpune.gov.in/Temp_Extremes/histext2010.pdf
|title=Ever recorded Maximum and minimum temperatures up to 2010
|publisher=India Meteorological Department
|access-date=16 May 2014
|url-status=dead
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140316064314/http://www.imdpune.gov.in/Temp_Extremes/histext2010.pdf
|archive-date=16 March 2014
}}</ref><ref name=AhmIMDextremes>
{{cite web
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200205042509/https://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/EXTREMES%20OF%20TEMPERATURE%20and%20RAINFALL%20upto%202012.pdf
| archive-date = 5 February 2020
| url = https://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/EXTREMES%20OF%20TEMPERATURE%20and%20RAINFALL%20upto%202012.pdf
| title = Extremes of Temperature & Rainfall for Indian Stations (Up to 2012)
| publisher = India Meteorological Department
| date = December 2016
| page = M48
| access-date = 26 December 2020}}</ref><ref name=AhmIMDcityrainfall>
{{cite web
| url = https://cdsp.imdpune.gov.in/extremes_1991_2020/?stn=42647
| title = Ahmedabad(42647)
| publisher = India Meteorological Department
| access-date = 8 August 2022}}</ref> Time and Date (dewpoints, 2005-2015)<ref>{{cite web
|url = https://www.timeanddate.com/weather/india/ahmadabad/climate
|title = Climate & Weather Averages in Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
|publisher = Time and Date
|access-date = 18 July 2022}}</ref>
| source 2 = NOAA (sun and humidity 1971–1990),<ref name= NOAAAhm>{{cite web
| url = ftp://ftp.atdd.noaa.gov/pub/GCOS/WMO-Normals/TABLES/REG_II/IN/42647.TXT
| title = Ahmedabad Climate Normals 1971–1990
| publisher = [[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]]
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200721063343/ftp://ftp.atdd.noaa.gov/pub/GCOS/WMO-Normals/TABLES/REG_II/IN/42647.TXT
| archive-date = 2020-07-21
| url-status = dead
| access-date = 25 March 2015}}</ref> IEM ASOS (May record high)<ref name=IEMAhm>{{cite web
|url = http://mesonet.agron.iastate.edu/sites/obhistory.php?network=IN__ASOS&station=VAAH&year=2016&month=05&day=18
|title = VAAH Data for May 18, 2016
|publisher = IEM
|access-date = 21 May 2016
|url-status = live
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160701022942/http://mesonet.agron.iastate.edu/sites/obhistory.php?network=IN__ASOS&station=VAAH&year=2016&month=05&day=18
|archive-date = 1 July 2016
|df = dmy-all
}}</ref> Weather Atlas<ref name="Weather Atlas Ahm">{{cite web
| url = https://www.weather-atlas.com/en/india/ahmedabad-climate
| title = Climate and monthly weather forecast Ahmedabad, India
| publisher = Weather Atlas
| access-date = 12 June 2022
}}</ref>
| source =
}}

{{Weather box
| location = [[Surat]] (Köppen Aw)
| metric first = yes
| single line = yes
| collapsed = Yes
| width = auto
| Jan record high C = 38.3
| Feb record high C = 41.7
| Mar record high C = 44.0
| Apr record high C = 45.6
| May record high C = 45.6
| Jun record high C = 45.6
| Jul record high C = 38.9
| Aug record high C = 37.2
| Sep record high C = 41.1
| Oct record high C = 41.4
| Nov record high C = 39.4
| Dec record high C = 38.9
| year record high C = 45.6
| Jan high C = 30.8
| Feb high C = 32.3
| Mar high C = 35.4
| Apr high C = 36.7
| May high C = 35.8
| Jun high C = 34.0
| Jul high C = 31.2
| Aug high C = 30.8
| Sep high C = 32.3
| Oct high C = 35.1
| Nov high C = 34.1
| Dec high C = 31.9
| year high C = 33.4
| Jan low C = 15.2
| Feb low C = 16.7
| Mar low C = 20.7
| Apr low C = 24.0
| May low C = 26.8
| Jun low C = 27.0
| Jul low C = 25.9
| Aug low C = 25.5
| Sep low C = 25.4
| Oct low C = 23.3
| Nov low C = 19.6
| Dec low C = 16.5
| year low C = 22.2
| Jan record low C = 4.4
| Feb record low C = 5.6
| Mar record low C = 8.9
| Apr record low C = 15.0
| May record low C = 19.4
| Jun record low C = 20.2
| Jul record low C = 19.9
| Aug record low C = 21.0
| Sep record low C = 20.6
| Oct record low C = 14.4
| Nov record low C = 10.6
| Dec record low C = 6.7
| year record low C = 4.4
| rain colour = green
| Jan rain mm = 1.9
| Feb rain mm = 0.3
| Mar rain mm = 0.7
| Apr rain mm = 0.5
| May rain mm = 2.4
| Jun rain mm = 255.9
| Jul rain mm = 466.3
| Aug rain mm = 281.7
| Sep rain mm = 186.7
| Oct rain mm = 40.7
| Nov rain mm = 5.1
| Dec rain mm = 1.1
| year rain mm = 1243.3
| Jan rain days = 0.2
| Feb rain days = 0.1
| Mar rain days = 0.1
| Apr rain days = 0.1
| May rain days = 0.2
| Jun rain days = 8.0
| Jul rain days = 15.0
| Aug rain days = 12.3
| Sep rain days = 8.1
| Oct rain days = 2.0
| Nov rain days = 0.5
| Dec rain days = 0.1
| year rain days = 46.7
| time day = 17:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| Jan humidity = 41
| Feb humidity = 34
| Mar humidity = 33
| Apr humidity = 42
| May humidity = 58
| Jun humidity = 70
| Jul humidity = 80
| Aug humidity = 79
| Sep humidity = 70
| Oct humidity = 52
| Nov humidity = 44
| Dec humidity = 43
| year humidity = 53
| Jan uv = 6
| Feb uv = 7
| Mar uv = 7
| Apr uv = 8
| May uv = 8
| Jun uv = 7
| Jul uv = 6
| Aug uv = 6
| Sep uv = 7
| Oct uv = 7
| Nov uv = 7
| Dec uv = 6
| source 1 = [[India Meteorological Department]]<ref name=SuIMDnormals>
{{cite web
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200205040301/http://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/1981-2010%20CLIM%20NORMALS%20%28STATWISE%29.pdf
| archive-date = 5 February 2020
| url = https://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/1981-2010%20CLIM%20NORMALS%20%28STATWISE%29.pdf
| title = Station: Surat Climatological Table 1981–2010
| work = Climatological Normals 1981–2010
| publisher = India Meteorological Department
| date = January 2015
| pages = 729–730
| access-date = 19 March 2020}}</ref><ref name=SuIMDextremes>
{{cite web
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200205042509/http://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/EXTREMES%20OF%20TEMPERATURE%20and%20RAINFALL%20upto%202012.pdf
| archive-date = 5 February 2020
| url = https://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/EXTREMES%20OF%20TEMPERATURE%20and%20RAINFALL%20upto%202012.pdf
| title = Extremes of Temperature & Rainfall for Indian Stations (Up to 2012)
| publisher = India Meteorological Department
| date = December 2016
| page = M260
| access-date = 19 March 2020}}</ref><ref name= IMDSu >{{cite web
| url = http://www.imd.gov.in/section/climate/extreme/surat2.htm
| title = Surat Climatological Table Period: 1981–2010
| publisher = [[India Meteorological Department]]
| access-date = 25 March 2015
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150402114037/http://www.imd.gov.in/section/climate/extreme/surat2.htm
| archive-date = 2 April 2015
| url-status = dead
| df = dmy-all}}</ref> Time and Date (dewpoints, 2005-2015)<ref>{{cite web
|url = https://www.timeanddate.com/weather/india/surat/climate
|title = Climate & Weather Averages in Surat, Gujarat, India
|publisher = Time and Date
|access-date = 5 August 2022}}</ref>
| date = August 2010
| source 2 = Weather Atlas<ref name="Weather Atlas Su">
{{cite web
| url = https://www.weather-atlas.com/en/india/surat-climate
| title = Climate and monthly weather forecast Surat, India
| publisher = Weather Atlas
| access-date = 14 June 2022
}}</ref>
| source =
| Jan dew point C = 9
| Feb dew point C = 10
| Mar dew point C = 10
| Apr dew point C = 14
| May dew point C = 19
| Jun dew point C = 23
| Jul dew point C = 25
| Aug dew point C = 25
| Sep dew point C = 24
| Oct dew point C = 19
| Nov dew point C = 14
| Dec dew point C = 11
}}

{{weather box
|width = auto
|location = [[Vadodara]] (Köppen BSh/Aw)
|metric first = yes
|single line = yes
|collapsed = Yes
| Jan record high C = 37.4
| Feb record high C = 40.6
| Mar record high C = 44.2
| Apr record high C = 45.9
| May record high C = 46.2
| Jun record high C = 45.6
| Jul record high C = 40.1
| Aug record high C = 39.1
| Sep record high C = 41.1
| Oct record high C = 41.4
| Nov record high C = 39.4
| Dec record high C = 37.2
|year record high C = 46.2
| Jan high C = 29.7
| Feb high C = 32.0
| Mar high C = 36.3
| Apr high C = 39.1
| May high C = 39.9
| Jun high C = 37.2
| Jul high C = 32.6
| Aug high C = 31.5
| Sep high C = 33.4
| Oct high C = 35.9
| Nov high C = 33.7
| Dec high C = 30.9
|year high C = 34.4
| Jan low C = 13.2
| Feb low C = 14.9
| Mar low C = 19.2
| Apr low C = 23.6
| May low C = 27.0
| Jun low C = 27.5
| Jul low C = 26.0
| Aug low C = 25.3
| Sep low C = 25.0
| Oct low C = 22.2
| Nov low C = 17.6
| Dec low C = 14.1
|year low C = 21.3
| Jan record low C = 2.8
| Feb record low C = 3.9
| Mar record low C = 9.3
| Apr record low C = 14.4
| May record low C = 19.4
| Jun record low C = 21.2
| Jul record low C = 22.2
| Aug record low C = 21.7
| Sep record low C = 18.1
| Oct record low C = 12.8
| Nov record low C = 6.0
| Dec record low C = 5.5
|year record low C = 2.8
| rain colour = green
| Jan rain mm = 1.2
| Feb rain mm = 0.0
| Mar rain mm = 0.1
| Apr rain mm = 1.0
| May rain mm = 6.3
| Jun rain mm = 169.6
| Jul rain mm = 299.5
| Aug rain mm = 265.5
| Sep rain mm = 172.4
| Oct rain mm = 24.9
| Nov rain mm = 6.7
| Dec rain mm = 0.8
|year rain mm = 946.0
| Jan rain days = 0.2
| Feb rain days = 0.0
| Mar rain days = 0.0
| Apr rain days = 0.1
| May rain days = 0.3
| Jun rain days = 4.1
| Jul rain days = 12.5
| Aug rain days = 11.8
| Sep rain days = 5.6
| Oct rain days = 1.2
| Nov rain days = 0.4
| Dec rain days = 0.1
|year rain days = 36.3
|time day = 17:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| Jan humidity = 36
| Feb humidity = 29
| Mar humidity = 25
| Apr humidity = 23
| May humidity = 32
| Jun humidity = 51
| Jul humidity = 74
| Aug humidity = 75
| Sep humidity = 63
| Oct humidity = 44
| Nov humidity = 41
| Dec humidity = 41
|year humidity = 45
|source 1 = [[India Meteorological Department]]<ref name=VadIMDnormals>
{{cite web
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200205040301/http://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/1981-2010%20CLIM%20NORMALS%20%28STATWISE%29.pdf
| archive-date = 5 February 2020
| url = https://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/1981-2010%20CLIM%20NORMALS%20%28STATWISE%29.pdf
| title = Station: Baroda (A) Climatological Table 1981–2010
| work = Climatological Normals 1981–2010
| publisher = India Meteorological Department
| date = January 2015
| pages = 111–112
| access-date = 28 September 2020}}</ref><ref name=VadIMDextremes>
{{cite web
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200205042509/http://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/EXTREMES%20OF%20TEMPERATURE%20and%20RAINFALL%20upto%202012.pdf
| archive-date = 5 February 2020
| url = https://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/EXTREMES%20OF%20TEMPERATURE%20and%20RAINFALL%20upto%202012.pdf
| title = Extremes of Temperature & Rainfall for Indian Stations (Up to 2012)
| publisher = India Meteorological Department
| date = December 2016
| page = M49
| access-date = 28 September 2020}}</ref>
}}

{{weather box
|width = auto
| location = [[Rajkot]] (Köppen BSh)
| metric first = yes
| single line = yes
| collapsed = Yes
| Jan record high C = 36.4
| Feb record high C = 40.0
| Mar record high C = 43.9
| Apr record high C = 44.7
| May record high C = 47.9
| Jun record high C = 45.8
| Jul record high C = 40.6
| Aug record high C = 38.8
| Sep record high C = 42.8
| Oct record high C = 41.9
| Nov record high C = 38.4
| Dec record high C = 36.4
|year record high C = 47.9
| Jan high C = 28.4
| Feb high C = 30.9
| Mar high C = 35.5
| Apr high C = 39.1
| May high C = 40.5
| Jun high C = 37.8
| Jul high C = 33.0
| Aug high C = 31.6
| Sep high C = 33.6
| Oct high C = 35.9
| Nov high C = 33.2
| Dec high C = 29.9
|year high C = 34.1
| Jan low C = 12.8
| Feb low C = 15.0
| Mar low C = 19.2
| Apr low C = 22.6
| May low C = 25.4
| Jun low C = 26.5
| Jul low C = 25.4
| Aug low C = 24.4
| Sep low C = 23.8
| Oct low C = 22.4
| Nov low C = 18.4
| Dec low C = 14.4
|year low C = 20.9
| Jan record low C = -0.6
| Feb record low C = 1.1
| Mar record low C = 6.1
| Apr record low C = 10.0
| May record low C = 16.1
| Jun record low C = 20.0
| Jul record low C = 19.4
| Aug record low C = 20.1
| Sep record low C = 16.7
| Oct record low C = 12.2
| Nov record low C = 7.2
| Dec record low C = 2.8
|year record low C = -0.6
| rain colour = green
| Jan rain mm = 0.8
| Feb rain mm = 0.3
| Mar rain mm = 0.1
| Apr rain mm = 1.4
| May rain mm = 5.4
| Jun rain mm = 108.4
| Jul rain mm = 253.4
| Aug rain mm = 165.3
| Sep rain mm = 115.1
| Oct rain mm = 19.3
| Nov rain mm = 6.3
| Dec rain mm = 0.3
|year rain mm = 676.1
| Jan rain days = 0.1
| Feb rain days = 0.1
| Mar rain days = 0.0
| Apr rain days = 0.2
| May rain days = 0.1
| Jun rain days = 4.4
| Jul rain days = 9.6
| Aug rain days = 8.0
| Sep rain days = 5.0
| Oct rain days = 1.3
| Nov rain days = 0.3
| Dec rain days = 0.1
|year rain days = 29.1
|time day = 17:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| Jan humidity = 27
| Feb humidity = 24
| Mar humidity = 21
| Apr humidity = 21
| May humidity = 30
| Jun humidity = 51
| Jul humidity = 70
| Aug humidity = 71
| Sep humidity = 58
| Oct humidity = 32
| Nov humidity = 29
| Dec humidity = 29
|year humidity = 38
|source 1 = [[India Meteorological Department]]<ref name=RajIMDnormals>
{{cite web
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200205040301/http://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/1981-2010%20CLIM%20NORMALS%20%28STATWISE%29.pdf
| archive-date = 5 February 2020
| url = https://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/1981-2010%20CLIM%20NORMALS%20%28STATWISE%29.pdf
| title = Station: Rajkot (A) Climatological Table 1981–2010
| publisher = India Meteorological Department
| date = December 2016
| pages = 651–652
| access-date = 28 December 2020}}</ref><ref name=RajIMDextremes>
{{cite web
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200205042509/http://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/EXTREMES%20OF%20TEMPERATURE%20and%20RAINFALL%20upto%202012.pdf
| archive-date = 5 February 2020
| url = https://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/EXTREMES%20OF%20TEMPERATURE%20and%20RAINFALL%20upto%202012.pdf
| title = Extremes of Temperature & Rainfall for Indian Stations (Up to 2012)
| publisher = India Meteorological Department
| date = December 2016
| page = M60
| access-date = 28 December 2020}}</ref><ref name= IMDRaj >
{{cite web
|url=http://www.imd.gov.in/section/climate/extreme/rajkot2.htm
| title = Rajkot Climatological Table Period: 1981–2010
| publisher = India Meteorological Department
| access-date = 10 April 2015
| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150414111548/http://www.imd.gov.in/section/climate/extreme/rajkot2.htm
| archive-date = 14 April 2015
| url-status = live
| df = dmy-all
}}
</ref>
}}

== See also ==

* [[List of Gujarat tropical cyclones]]

==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Climate of India by state or territory}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Climate Of Gujarat}}
[[Category:Climate of India]]

3rd Chhattisgarh Assembly

2025-05-21T13:37:06Z

Vilianawge: created some post w/ refs!

{{Short description|3rd Legislative Assembly of Chhattisgarh}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2025}}
{{Infobox legislative term
| name = 3rd Chhattisgarh Assembly
| before = [[2nd Chhattisgarh Assembly|2nd Assembly]]
| after = [[4th Chhattisgarh Assembly|4th Assembly]]
| image = Coat of arms of Chhattisgarh.svg
| image_size =
| caption =
| body = [[Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly]]
| election = [[2008 Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly election]]
| government = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| opposition = [[Indian National Congress]]
| term_start =
| term_end =
| website =
| membership1 = '''90'''
| control1 = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| chamber1_leader1_type = [[List of speakers of the Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly|Speaker]]
| chamber1_leader1 = [[Dharamlal Kaushik]], BJP
| chamber1_leader2_type =[[List of deputy speakers of the Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly| Deputy Speaker]]
| chamber1_leader2 = [[Narayan Chandel]], BJP
| chamber1_leader3_type = [[List of chief ministers of Chhattisgarh|Leader of the House]]
| chamber1_leader3 = [[Raman Singh]], BJP
| chamber1_leader4_type = [[List of leaders of the opposition in the Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly|Leader of the Opposition]]
| chamber1_leader4 = [[Ravindra Choubey]], INC
}}

The '''Third Legislative Assembly of Chhattisgarh''' was constituted after the [[2008 Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly election]]s which were concluded in November 2008 and the results were declared on 8 December 2008. Incumbent ruling party [[BJP]] and Chief Minister [[Raman Singh]] retained the majority in assembly and formed government consequently for the second time.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.rediff.com/news/2008/dec/12how-raman-singh-won-chhattisgarh.htm |title=How Raman Singh retained Chhattisgarh |website=Rediff.com |date=12 December 2008 |agency=PTI |access-date= 25 February 2022}}</ref>

== Party wise distribution of seats ==
[[File:India Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly 2008.svg]]
{| class="wikitable"
|+
! colspan="2" |Party
!No. MLAs
!Leader of party in assembly
!Leader's constituency
|-
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|50
|[[Raman Singh]]
|[[Rajnandgaon Assembly constituency|Rajnandgaon]]
|-
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|38
|[[Ajit Jogi]]
|[[Marwahi Assembly constituency|Marwahi]]
|-
|{{Full party name with color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}
|2
|[[Saurabh Singh (Chhattisgarh politician)|Saurabh Singh]]
|[[Akaltara Assembly constituency|Akaltara]]
|}

==See also==

*[[Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly]]
*[[2013 Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly election]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Chhattisgarh}}
[[Category:Terms of the Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly]]
[[Category:Chhattisgarh MLAs 2008–2013| ]]
[[Category:Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly]]

Khawlhring Vanlalruata

2025-04-04T00:55:52Z

Vilianawge: Added New Details

{{Short description|Indian cricketer (born 1985)}}
{{use Indian English|date=October 2019}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2019}}
{{Infobox cricketer
| name = K Vanlalruata
| image =
| fullname =
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1985|4|22|df=yes}}
| birth_place =
| death_date =
| death_place =
| batting =
| bowling =
| role =

| club1 =
| year1 =
| clubnumber1 =
| club2 =
| year2 =
| clubnumber2 =

| date = 3 October 2019
| source = http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/player/1159746.html ESPNcricinfo
}}
'''K Vanlalruata''' (born 22 April 1985) is an Indian [[cricket]]er.<ref name="Bio">{{Cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/player/1159746.html |title=K Vanlalruata |access-date=3 October 2019 |work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref> He made his [[List A cricket|List A]] debut on 19 September 2018, for [[Mizoram cricket team|Mizoram]] in the [[2018–19 Vijay Hazare Trophy]].<ref name="LA">{{cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1156794.html |title=Plate Group, Vijay Hazare Trophy at Nadiad, Sep 19 2018 |access-date=3 October 2019 |work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref> He made his [[first-class cricket|first-class]] debut on 1 November 2018, for Mizoram in the [[2018–19 Ranji Trophy]].<ref name="FC">{{cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1156952.html |title=Plate Group, Ranji Trophy at Dimapur, Nov 1-3 2018 |access-date=3 October 2019 |work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref> He made his [[Twenty20]] debut on 21 February 2019, also for Mizoram, in the [[2018–19 Syed Mushtaq Ali Trophy]].<ref name="T20">{{cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1157103.html |title=Group D, Syed Mushtaq Ali Trophy at Cuttack, Feb 21 2019 |access-date=3 October 2019 |work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref> He was the captain of Mizoram for the 2018–19 Vijay Hazare Trophy.<ref name="FCsqu">{{cite web |url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/individual/list_captains.html?class=5;id=6560;type=team |title= Records / Mizoram / List A matches / List of captains|access-date=3 October 2019 |work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{cricinfo|id=1159746}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Vanlalruata, K}}
[[Category:1985 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian cricketers]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian sportsmen]]
[[Category:Mizoram cricketers]]
[[Category:Cricketers from Mizoram]]

{{India-cricket-bio-1980s-stub}}

Arun Kumar (Himachal Pradesh politician)

2025-02-04T05:52:08Z

Vilianawge: clean up

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2021}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Arun Kumar
| image =
| caption = Arun Kumar
| parents = Atma Ram Bimla Devi
| nationality = Indian
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1964|06|26|df=y}}<ref name=memberbio/>
| alma_mater =
| education =
| residence =
| children =
| birth_place = Nagrota, [[Kangra district|Kangra]], [[Himachal Pradesh]]
| constituency = [[Nagrota (Himachal Pradesh Assembly constituency)|Nagrota]]|
| predecessor = [[G. S. Bali]]
| office = [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|Ex-MLA]], [[Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]
| termend = 2022
| termstart = 2017
| party = [[Bhartiya Janta Party]]
| committees =
}}

'''Arun Kumar''' (born 26 June 1964) is an Indian politician, who currently serves as [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|Member of Legislative Assembly]] from [[Nagrota (Himachal Pradesh Assembly constituency)|Nagrota constituency]].<ref name=memberbio>{{Cite web|url=https://hpvidhansabha.nic.in/Member/Details/451|title=Details of MLA Arun Kumar|website=hpvidhansabha.nic.in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/elections/himachal-pradesh-2017/live-updates-himachal-pradesh-legislative-assembly-election-results/article21830225.ece|title=Arun Kumar won from Nagrota constituency in Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election results live|website=thehindu.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3815-himachal-pradesh-general-legislative-election-2017/?do=download&r=8976&confirm=1&t=1&csrfKey=fb6cae69c039bd3efff062035fad28a7|title=Pdf ― list of Himachal Pradesh 2017 Legislative election winning candidates}}</ref> Arun Kumar won first time from Nagrota constituency in 2017 state assembly elections.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.ndtv.com/elections/himachal-pradesh/nagrota-mla-results|title=Arun Kumar won from Nagrota constituency in Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly 2017 elections|newspaper=Ndtv}}</ref>

==Early life and education==
Arun Kumar was born on 26 June 1964 in Nagrota, [[Kangra district]], [[Himachal Pradesh]] to Atma Ram and Bimla Devi.

Arun Kumar had Diploma in Electronics.<ref name=memberbio/>

==Politics==
Arun Kumar active politics started from 2001. He became Member of Municipal Council Nagrota Bagwan from January 2001 to January, 2017, four times in the period. Also he was Vice President of Municipal Council Nagrota Bagwan from 19 January 2006 to 2010 & 1 February 2011 to November, 2016. He became BJP State Executive in 2015.

He fought Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly Election in 2012 as an Independent candidate and lost by a margin of 1137 votes.

Then in 2017, he was elected to the thirteenth Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly in December, 2017.<ref name=memberbio/>

==References==
{{reflist|colwidth=30em}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kumar, Arun}}
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Himachal Pradesh]]
[[Category:1964 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Himachal Pradesh MLAs 2017–2022]]

Bachcha Pandey

2025-01-26T21:06:57Z

Vilianawge: created a details needs work!

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2025}}
'''Bachcha Pandey''' (born 25 March 1971) is an Indian politician from [[Bihar]]. He is an MLA from [[Barharia Assembly constituency]] in [[Siwan district]]. He won the [[2020 Bihar Legislative Assembly election]] representing the [[Rashtriya Janata Dal]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-11-10 |title=Barharia Election Result 2020 Live Updates: Bachcha Pandey of RJD Wins |url=https://www.news18.com/news/india/barharia-election-result-2020-live-updates-barharia-winner-loser-leading-trailing-mla-margin-3061676.html |access-date=2024-10-02 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-11-10 |title=Bihar election result 2020: Seat wise full list of winners |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/bihar-assembly-polls-2020/story/bihar-election-result-full-list-of-winners-1739762-2020-11-10 |access-date=2024-10-02 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref>

== Early life and education ==
Pandey is from [[Darauli]], Siwan district, Bihar. He is the son of late Radheshyam Pandey. He completed his Class 10 at Dronacharya High School, Darauli, in 1986 and later discontinued his studies. He is a contractor.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bachcha Pandey(RJD):Constituency- BARHARIA(SIWAN) - Affidavit Information of Candidate: |url=https://www.myneta.info/Bihar2020/candidate.php?candidate_id=11191 |access-date=2024-10-02 |website=www.myneta.info}}</ref>

== Career ==
Pandey won from Barharia Assembly constituency representing Rashtriya Janata Dal in the 2020 Bihar Legislative Assembly election. He polled 71,793 votes and defeated his nearest rival, [[Shyam Bahadur Singh]] of [[Janata Dal (United)]], by a margin of 3,559 votes.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bureau |first=ABP News |date=2020-11-10 |title=Barharia Bihar Election 2020 Final Results LIVE:RJD Candidate BACHCHA PANDEY wins from Barharia, Bihar |url=https://news.abplive.com/news/india/barharia-bihar-election-2020-results-live-vote-counting-begins-at-8-am-stay-tuned-for-updates-1385786 |access-date=2024-10-02 |website=news.abplive.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-11-10 |title=Barharia Election Results 2020: JDU के श्याम बहादुर हारे, RJD के बच्चा पांडेय ने दी मात |url=https://www.aajtak.in/elections/bihar-assembly-elections/story/barharia-assembly-seat-election-2020-bihar-assembly-election-2020-jdu-mla-shyam-bahadur-singh-ljp-rjd-lbs-1159284-2020-11-10 |access-date=2024-10-02 |website=आज तक |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web | title=Bihar Assembly Election Result 2020: Barharia Assembly Constituency |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/elections/acno110-2-1795496 |access-date=2024-10-02 |newspaper=Deccan Herald |language=en}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bachcha, Pandey}}
[[Category:1971 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Rashtriya Janata Dal politicians]]
[[Category:Bihar MLAs 2020–2025]]
[[Category:People from Siwan district]]

{{Bihar-RJD-politician-stub}}

Ramchandrapur, Purba Bardhaman

2025-01-13T20:13:03Z

Vilianawge: general added information after review further and cleaned formatting

{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2020}}

{{Infobox settlement
| name = Ramchandrapur
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| elevation_m =
| population_total =
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank = 3,221
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Bengali language|Bengali]], [[English language|English]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| area_total_km2 =
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 713125
| area_code_type = Telephone/[[Subscriber trunk dialing|STD]] code
| area_code = 0342
| registration_plate =
| blank1_name_sec1 = [[Lok Sabha]] constituency
| blank1_info_sec1 = [[Bardhaman-Durgapur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bardhaman-Durgapur]]
| blank2_name_sec1 = [[Vidhan Sabha]] constituency
| blank2_info_sec1 = [[Bhatar (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Bhatar]]
| website = {{URL|purbabardhaman.gov.in/}}
| elevation_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| other_name =
| subdivision_type = Country
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Village
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India West Bengal # India
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in West Bengal, India
| coordinates = {{coord|23|15|10.4|N|88|00|07.0|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| area_footnotes =
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[West Bengal]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Purba Bardhaman district|Purba Bardhaman]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| footnotes =
| official_name =
}}

'''Ramchandrapur''' is a village in [[Bhatar (community development block)|Bhatar]], a [[Community development block in India|CD block]] in Bardhaman Sadar North subdivision of Purba Bardhaman district in the state of West Bengal, India.

==Demographics==
The village has an area of {{convert|451.89|ha|acre}} and a population of 3,221 in about 762 houses.<ref>http://censusindia.gov.in/pca/pcadata/DDW_PCA1909_2011_MDDS%20with%20UI.xlsx 2011 census] censusindia.gov.in {{dead link|date=September 2023}}</ref> [[Ratanpur, West Bengal|Ratanpur]], the nearest village, is approximately 2 km away.<ref name="census3-2011">{{cite web|title=2011 Census – Primary Census Abstract Data Tables|url=http://censusindia.gov.in/pca/pcadata/Houselisting-housing-WB.html|accessdate=26 February 2017|work=West Bengal – District-wise|publisher=Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=District Statistical Handbook 2014 Bardhaman|url=http://wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190121045803/http://www.wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook|archive-date=21 January 2019|accessdate=25 January 2019|work=Table 2.2|publisher=Department of Statistics and Programme Implementation, Government of West Bengal}}</ref><ref name="auto">{{cite web|title=District Census Handbook Barddhaman, Series 20 Part XII A, Census of India 2011|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1909_PART_A_DCHB_BARDDHAMAN.pdf|accessdate=21 January 2019|work=Page 637: Map of Bhatar CD Block|publisher=Directorate of Census Operations 2011}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Particulars
!Total
!Male
!Female
|-
|Total no. of houses
|'''762'''
| -
| -
|-
|Population
|'''3,221'''
|1,604
|1,617
|-
|Child (0–6)
|'''304'''
|161
|143
|-
|Schedule Caste
|'''1,609'''
|797
|812
|-
|Schedule Tribe
|41
|19
|22
|}

== References ==
{{reflist|2}}

==External links==
* [http://bardhaman.gov.in/blocks/blocks.htm Map]
* [[Ratanpur, West Bengal|Ratanpur]]

{{Purba Bardhaman District}}

[[Category:Villages in Purba Bardhaman district]]

{{WestBengal-geo-stub}}

Scudamore Winde Steel

2024-12-28T06:28:42Z

Vilianawge: further fix structure to improve readability and fixed typos per standard format

{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2022}}
{{Infobox military person
|name= Sir Scudamore Winde Steel
|image= Sir Scudamore Winde Steel.jpg
|image_size=
|alt=
|caption= Sir Scudamore Winde Steel in 1848
|nickname=
|birth_date= 1789
|birth_place=
|death_date= 11 March 1865
|death_place= [[Hyde Park, London]]
|placeofburial=
|allegiance= United Kingdom
|branch= [[East India Company]]
|serviceyears=
|rank= [[Lieutenant-general (United Kingdom)|Lieutenant General]]
|unit=
|commands=
|battles= [[Third Anglo-Maratha War]] [[First Anglo-Burmese War]] [[Second Anglo-Burmese War]]
|awards= [[Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath]] [[Mentioned in Despatches]]
|relations=
|laterwork=
}}
[[Lieutenant-general (United Kingdom)|Lieutenant General]] '''Sir Scudamore Winde Steel''', {{postnominals|country=GBR|size=100|KCB}} (1789 – 11 March 1865) was a British Army officer of the [[East India Company]].<ref name="odnb">{{cite web |last1=Lloyd |first1=E. M. |authorlink1=Ernest Marsh Lloyd |last2=Jones |first2=M. G. M. |title=Steel, Sir Scudamore Winde (1789–1865), army officer in the East India Company |url=http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/26342 |website=[[Oxford Dictionary of National Biography]] |accessdate=4 June 2019 |language=en}}</ref>

Steel was the son of barrister David Steel and Mary Winde, daughter of Scudamore Winde, judge of the [[Supreme Court of Jamaica]]. Steel joined the East India Company's service as a cadet in 1805, and the following year was promoted to lieutenant in the Madras Army. He was slightly wounded in the [[Third Anglo-Maratha War]] of 1817–18. He was promoted to captain in 1821, and joined the 51st native infantry in 1824. He served on the quartermaster-general's staff at Nagpur and in the [[First Anglo-Burmese War]] in 1826. Steel was promoted to major in 1832, and from 1832 to 1845 served as secretary in the military department at Madras.<ref name="odnb"/>

In 1834, Steel took part in the capture of [[Coorg]], and the following year was promoted to lieutenant colonel.<ref name="odnb"/> He was appointed a [[Companion of the Order of the Bath]] in the [[1838 Coronation Honours]].<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=19638 |date=20 July 1838 |page=1661}}</ref>

In 1845, Steel was appointed military auditor-general and promoted to colonel of the Madras fusiliers in 1847. He commanded the Madras army during the [[Second Anglo-Burmese War]] in 1852–53. He was knighted as a [[Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath]] in December 1853.<ref>{{London Gazette |issue= 21501|date=9 December 1853 |page=3619}}</ref> He was promoted to major general and given the command of the Pegu division and the Martaban provinces in 1854. Steel returned to England in 1856 and was promoted to lieutenant general in 1861.<ref name="odnb"/>

Steel married Elizabeth Margaret, the eldest daughter of Lieutenant Colonel William Read, in 1840. His eldest son, Col. Charles Steel, served in the [[Crimean War]] with the [[12th Lancers]] and was present at the [[Siege of Sevastopol (1854–1855)|Siege of Sevastopol]]. He married Anna Caroline Wood, daughter of Rev. [[Sir John Page Wood, 2nd Baronet]]. Their child, David M. Steelwood, moved to Britain’s newly colonized Hong Kong while working in the booming shipping industry which was against Sir Scudamore Steel’s plans for his grandson.<ref>{{cite news |title=Colonel Charles Steel. |work=[[The Times]] |date= 2 February 1909|page= 11}}</ref>

Sir Scudamore Steel died at his home at [[Hyde Park, London]], in 1865.<ref name="odnb"/>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Steel, Scudamore Winde}}
[[Category:1789 births]]
[[Category:1865 deaths]]
[[Category:British Army personnel of the Second Anglo-Burmese War]]
[[Category:British East India Company Army officers]]
[[Category:British military personnel of the First Anglo-Burmese War]]
[[Category:Knights Commander of the Order of the Bath]]

{{British-Army-bio-stub}}

Talpada Kolis

2024-10-16T16:51:20Z

Vilianawge: put up new article

{{Short description|Subcaste of Koli caste of Gujarat}}

{{Infobox tribe|name=Talpada Koli|local name=તળપદા કોળી|type=Sub-caste of the [[Koli people |Koli]] caste|ethnicity=[[Koli people]]|location=*[[Gujarat]]
*[[Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu]]|varna=*[[Agriculturist]]|demonym=*[[Gujarati people|Gujarati]] [[Koli people|Koli]]|language=*[[Gujarati language|Gujarati]]
*[[Kachi Koli language|Kachi Koli]]
*[[Parkari Koli language|Parkari Koli]]
*[[Wadiyara Koli language|Wadiyara Koli]]
*[[Hindi]]
*English|religion=*[[Hinduism|Hindu]]|surnames=*[[Patel]]
*[[Kotwal]]
*[[Pagi (title)|Pagi]]|image=File:Koli popular in 1931.jpg|caption=Koli population in Gujarat in 1931 including Talpada Kolis|parent_tribe=Kolis of Gujarat|branches=*Talapada Koli
*Talpada Koli|population=59,525 (1931)}}

The '''Talapada Koli''',<ref>{{Cite book |last=Patel |first=Mahendra Lal |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=58G8PPAN48cC&dq=Talapada+Koli&pg=PA251 |title=Awareness in Weaker Section: Perspective Development and Prospects |publisher=M.D. Publications Pvt. Ltd. |year=1997 |isbn=978-81-7533-029-0 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=251 |language=en}}</ref> or '''Talpada Koli''',<ref>{{Cite web |agency=TNN|date=Jan 29, 2021 |title=Gujarat: Rs 5 lakh fine for provocative social media messages {{!}} Rajkot News - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/rajkot/rs-5l-fine-for-provocative-social-media-messages/articleshow/80514926.cms |access-date=2022-03-27 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref> is a sub[[caste]] of the [[List of Koli people|Koli]] [[Caste system in India|caste]] of [[Gujarat]] [[States and union territories of India|state]] in India.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Shah |first=A. M. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=U8s0aBdDxEQC&q=Talapada |title=The Family in India: Critical Essays |publisher=[[Orient Blackswan]] |year=1998 |isbn=978-81-250-1306-8 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=126–128 |language=en}}</ref> Talapada Kolis are agriculturists by profession.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Chahel |first=Paramjot Singh |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JEjnCgAAQBAJ&dq=Talapada+Koli&pg=PT42 |title=Undisclosed Facts of Tribal Life |date=2015-10-30 |publisher=[[Partridge Publishing]] |isbn=978-1-4828-3834-3 |location=New Delhi, India |language=en}}</ref> they were members of the ''[[Gujarat Kshatriya Sabha]]'', an organisation launched by [[Natwarsinh Solanki]] who was a Koli elite.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=Lal |first=R. B. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4Cy_-FXW9BQC&q=Talapada |title=Gujarat History |publisher=Popular Prakashan |year=2003 |isbn=978-81-7991-104-4 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=716–721 |language=en}}</ref> In 1907, they were classified by the [[British Raj|British]] as a [[Denotified Tribes|Criminal Tribe]], ascribing to them a range of anti-social activities such as highway robbery, murder, and theft of animals, cattle and standing crops. They were also alleged to be [[blackmail]]ers and hired [[Assassination|assassins]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Yagnik |first=Achyut |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FYDviPFeoSAC&q=talapada+koli+criminal+tribe |title=Shaping Of Modern Gujarat |date=2005-08-24 |publisher=[[Penguin UK]] |isbn=978-81-8475-185-7 |location=New Delhi, India |language=en}}</ref>

The Talpada Kolis used the title of [[Kotwal]] because of their high position villages and served to rulers as Kotwal and they were granted the villages or large field and title of [[Pagi (title)|Pagi]] because they were good detective for rulers or any chief.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Shah |first=A. M. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zePZAAAAMAAJ |title=Exploring India's Rural Past: A Gujarat Village in the Early Nineteenth Century |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |year=2002 |isbn=978-0-19-565732-6 |location=New Delhi, India, Asia |pages=82–91 |language=en}}</ref> Another title of Talapada Kolis is [[Patel]] because they are agriculturists and respected cultivators from old days.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Tambs-Lyche |first=Harald |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5ntuAAAAMAAJ |title=Power, Profit, and Poetry: Traditional Society in Kathiawar, Western India |date=1996-12-31 |publisher=Manohar Publishers & Distributors |isbn=978-81-7304-176-1 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=131: Tarabda |language=en}}</ref>

== Origin ==
The Talapada Kolis got their name from Talpad region in [[Junagadh State]] of Gujarat which they ruled.<ref name=":1" /> Talapada Kolis means [[Indigenous peoples|indigenous]] Koli used in 19th century.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Shah |first=A. M. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EjORKo7maRUC&q=Talapada+Koli |title=The Structure of Indian Society: Then and Now |date=2012-12-06 |publisher=[[Routledge]] |isbn=978-1-136-19770-3 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=168 |language=en}}</ref> They speak [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]] [[Languages of India|language]] of Gujarat.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Abbi |first=Anvita |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5W1jAAAAMAAJ |title=Languages of Tribal and Indigenous Peoples of India: The Ethnic Space |publisher=Motilal Banarsidass Publishers |year=1997 |isbn=978-81-208-1374-8 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=55 |language=en}}</ref> The Talapada Kolis found in [[South Gujarat|South]], [[Central Gujarat|Central]] as well as [[Kathiawar|Peninsular]] Gujarat.<ref name=":2">{{Cite book |last=Lobo |first=Lancy |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1DBuAAAAMAAJ |title=The Thakors of North Gujarat: A Caste in the Village and the Region |publisher=Hindustan Publishing Corporation |year=1995 |isbn=978-81-7075-035-2 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=162–170 |language=en}}</ref>

== History ==
In an unpublished paper on Talpada Kolis in south Gujarat, Arjun Patel mentions that a number of Talpada Kolis had participated in the 1926 [[Non-cooperation movement (1919–1922)|non-cooperation movement]], in the 1930 [[Salt March|Dandi Satyagraha]], and the [[Quit India Movement|Quit-India movement]] of 1942. From the [[Olpad]] and [[Choryasi (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Choryasi]] talukas alone 91 Kolis became [[freedom fighter]]s. Koli leaders here have been active in bringing about social reforms among their [[Folklore|folk]]. Twenty-three [[caste]] associations (gnati sangathano) have been recorded in south Gujarat by [[Patel]]. The main objectives of these associations are social reform, promotion of education, and furtherance of the economic interests of Kolis. These associations, like the north Gujarat Koli associations, do not avowedly profess any political objective. Patel (1992) notes that many associations in south Gujarat held joint activities. However, the efforts of the south Gujarat Kolis to unite with Kolis of other regions were unsuccessful.<ref name=":2" />

Kambad, a Talpada Koli from [[Bhavnagar]], [[Saurashtra (region)|Saurashtra]], in his book (1981:453, in [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]]), Samast Koli Samaj (All Koli Association), writes that since 1951 meetings were held nearly every year at different places in Saurashtra to bring about a fellow feeling among Kolis and to promote all-round development among them. According to [[Roy]] (1983), this association took formal shape on 20 November 1973, under the title Samast Talpada Koli Samaj (All Talpada Koli Society). Its first convention was held at [[Chotila]] ([[Surendranagar district]]) where about 7000 Kolis from [[Saurashtra (region)|Saurashtra]] assembled. During this convention the bandharan ([[Constitution of India|constitution]]) of the association was framed and approved.<ref name=":2" />

== Clans ==
Here are main clans found in Talapada Kolis:<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" />
* Dhapa
* [[Rathod (surname)|Rathod]]
* [[Chavda (Koli clan)|Chavda]]
* [[Solanki (Koli clan)|Solanki]]
* [[Parmar clan|Parmar]]
* [[Baria Koli|Baria]]
* [[Mer (Koli clan)|Mer]]
* [[Chauhan Kolis|Chauhan]]
* [[Muslim Makwana|Makwana]]
* Bhaliya
* Sankhat
* Jamod

== Titles ==
Talapada Kolis have two titles:<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2" />
* [[Patel]]
* [[Koli Darbar|Darbar]]
* [[Pagi (title)|Pagi]]
* [[Kotwal]]
* Dharala

== Organisations ==
* 1974, [[Shri]] Talapada Koli Patel Samaj, [[Surat district|Surat]]<ref>{{Cite book |last=Shah |first=Ghanshyam |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mPrZAAAAMAAJ |title=Social Transformation in India: Essays in Honour of Professor I.P. Desai |publisher=Rawat Publications |year=1997 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=338 |language=en}}</ref>
* 1961, Shri Talapada Koli Gyati, [[Bhavnagar district|Bhavnagar]]<ref>{{Cite book |last=Shah |first=Ghanshyam |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zHHaAAAAMAAJ |title=Caste Association and Political Process in Gujarat: A Study of Gujarat Kshatriya Sabha |publisher=Popular Prakashan |year=1975 |location=New Delhi, India, Asia |pages=204 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[South Gujarat|Dakshin Gujarat]] Koli Patel Samaj Sangh, Surat<ref name=":2" />
* [[Bardoli]] Pradesh [[Tehsil|Taluka]] Koli Samaj<ref name=":2" />
* Shri [[Chikhli, Gujarat|Chikhli]] Taluka Koli Samaj<ref name=":2" />

== Classification ==
The Talapada Kolis are classified as a [[Other Backward Class]], or OBC caste by [[Government of Gujarat]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Ahmed |first=Sara |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=U5Kj_-4IvtsC&dq=Talapada+Kolis&pg=PA66 |title=Flowing Upstream: Empowering Women Through Water Management Initiatives in India |date=2005-01-13 |publisher=Foundation Books |isbn=978-81-7596-262-0 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=66 |language=en}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Koli, Talpada}}

== External links ==
* [https://books.google.com/books?id=zDRwAAAAMAAJ&q=Talapada Gujarat: A Political Analysis]
* [https://books.google.com/books?id=--spAQAAMAAJ&q=Talapada+Koli Family, Kinship and Marriage in India]
* [https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ahmedabad/no-high-fives-for-this-chotila-family/articleshow/1333736.cms No high-fives for this Chotila family]

[[Category:Koli subcastes]]

Bhajju Shyam

2024-08-11T03:12:16Z

Vilianawge:

{{Short description|Indian painter (born 1971)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2018}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Bhajju Singh Shyam
| image =
| caption =
| birth_date = {{birth year and age|1971}}
| birth_place = Patangarh Village, Madhya Pradesh, India
| occupation = Artist
| awards = {{plainlist|
*[[Padma Shri]] (2018)}}
}}

'''Bhajju Shyam''' (born 1971 in Patangarh, Central India, full name: Bhajju Singh Shyam) is an [[Indian people|Indian]] artist, belonging to the Gond-Pardhaan community of Madhya Pradesh. He was awarded India's fourth highest civilian award, the [[Padma Shri]], in 2018.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bhopal/padma-shri-to-shyam-malti-musalgaonkar/articleshow/62658903.cms | title=Padma Shri to Shyam, Malti & Musalgaonkar | work=[[The Times of India]] | date=26 January 2018 | access-date=26 January 2018}}</ref>

He was a contemporary of the celebrated Pardhaan artist Jangarh Singh Shyam and began his artistic career from Bharat Bhavan, Bhopal. He received international recognition for his book The London Jungle Book (Published By Tara Books in 2004), with which he made known throughout the world the Pardhaan Folk Art.

According to art-historian and author, Jyotindra Jain, Bhajju Shyam was one of the most important and innovative artists to have emerged from the explosion of 'Gond-Pardhaan Painting' tradition spearheaded by Jangarh Singh Shyam.<ref>{{Cite book|title=The Art of Bhajju Shyam: Master Gond Artist|publisher=Ojas Art|year=2016|pages=7}}</ref>

For his book The Night Life of Trees (2006) he was awarded the 2008 [[Bologna Children's Book Fair]]. Bhajju Shyam lives in [[Bhopal]], India.<ref name="thebetterindia">{{cite web|url=http://www.thebetterindia.com/30057/bhajju-shyam-tribal-artist-writer/|title=How Bhajju Shyam went from being a Security Guard in MP to a World Renowned Artist - The Better India|publisher=thebetterindia.com|access-date=2015-08-30}}</ref><ref name="anglotopia">{{cite web|url=http://www.anglotopia.net/anglophile-reviews/brit-book-reviews/brit-book-reviews-london-jungle-book-bhajju-shyam/|title=Brit Book Reviews: The London Jungle Book by Bhajju Shyam - Anglotopia.net|publisher=anglotopia.net|access-date=2015-08-30}}</ref><ref name="thehindu">{{cite web|url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/awardwinning-gond-artist-bhajju-shyam-talks-about-his-art-and-the-life-that-inspires-it/article6982240.ece|title='I remain a villager at heart' - The Hindu|publisher=thehindu.com|access-date=2015-08-30}}</ref><ref name="ignca">{{cite web|url=http://ignca.nic.in/tribal_art_artist_gond_mp_bhajju.htm|title=Bhajju Shyam - Gond Artist of Madhya Pradesh|author=CIL|publisher=ignca.nic.in|access-date=2015-08-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907053712/http://ignca.nic.in/tribal_art_artist_gond_mp_bhajju.htm|archive-date=7 September 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Portal |Children's literature}}

{{Padma Shri Award Recipients in Art}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Shyam, Bhajju}}
[[Category:Indian children's writers]]
[[Category:1971 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian children's book illustrators]]
[[Category:People from Balangir]]
[[Category:Writers from Odisha]]
[[Category:Indian male writers]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Shri in arts]]
[[Category:Public art in Mumbai]]

Rajmahal railway station

2024-07-29T02:52:33Z

Vilianawge: starting new post v1

{{Short description|Railway station in Jharkhand}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2023}}
{{Infobox station
| name = Rajmahal
| style = Indian Railways
| type = [[Passenger train]] station
| image =
| caption =
| address = State Highway 10, [[Rajmahal]], [[Sahebganj district]], [[Jharkhand]]
| country = [[India]]
| coordinates = {{Coord|25.052535|N|87.831451|E|format=dms}}
| elevation = {{cvt|34|m}}
| owned = [[Indian Railways]]
| operator = [[Eastern Railway zone]]
| line = [[Sahibganj loop|Sahibganj loop line]]
| platform = 2
| tracks = 1
| other =
| accessible =
| parking =
| structure = Standard (on ground station)
| code = {{Indian railway code
| code = RJL
| zone = [[Eastern Railway zone]]
| division = {{rwd|Malda}}
}}
| status = Active
| closed =
| former = [[East Indian Railway Company]]
| opened =
| rebuilt =
| electrified = Yes
| passengers =
| pass_system =
| pass_year =
| pass_percent =
}}

'''Rajmahal railway station''' is a railway station on the branch of [[Sahibganj loop]] line under the [[Malda railway division]] of [[Eastern Railway zone]]. It is situated beside State Highway 10 at [[Rajmahal]] in [[Sahebganj district]] in the Indian state of [[Jharkhand]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Rajmahal Railway Station Timeline - Railway Enquiry|url=https://indiarailinfo.com/station/timeline/edits-rajmahal-rjl/7468|access-date=2021-06-04|website=indiarailinfo.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Rajmahal Railway Station (RJL) : Station Code, Time Table, Map, Enquiry|url=https://www.ndtv.com/indian-railway/rajmahal-rjl-station|access-date=2021-06-04|website=www.ndtv.com|language=en}}</ref>

== History ==
Before Farakka Barrage was made, trains to Northern Bengal & Assam used to run upto Rajmahal/RJL & Farakka/FKK, then passengers crossed Ganga by ferry & proceeded onwards. After Farakka barrage was made & the Rail-cum-Road Bridge thrown open in 1971/72, Farakka Station was closed & lines towards Farakka station were dismantled. Rajmahal station lost its importance as a train-ferry crossing station since 1972. Trains to Kolkata, Patna & Delhi from Rajmahal were withdrawn. Now just irregular shuttle service between Rajmahal & Tinpahar Jn. is left running. Rajmahal railway station is located {{convert|328|km|mi}} from '''Sealdah Junction Railway Station''' & {{convert|314|km|mi}} from '''Howrah Junction Railway Station'''

==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Adjacent stations|noclear=y
|system=Indian Railways
|line=Eastern Railway zone|left=Murli Halt|type=Rajmahal branch line}}

[[Category:Railway stations in Sahibganj district]]
[[Category:Malda railway division]]

Karhe

2024-07-08T12:43:25Z

Vilianawge: Added New Page

{{short description|Village in Maharashtra}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2017}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Karhe
| native_name =karhe
| native_name_lang =marathi
| settlement_type = village
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| etymology =
| pushpin_map = India Maharashtra#India
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Maharashtra, India
| coordinates = {{coord|19.907243|N|73.1216833|E|display=inline,title}}
| coordinates_footnotes =
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = [[India]]
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 =[[Maharashtra]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Palghar district|Palghar]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[Taluka]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[Vikramgad]]
| established_title =
| established_date =
| founder =
| seat_type = [[Panchayat]]
| seat =
| leader_party =
| leader_title =
| leader_name =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_m = 150
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_total = 1378
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = 
| postal_code =
| area_code_type = 
| area_code =
| blank_name_sec1 = [[2011 Census of India|2011 census]] code
| blank_info_sec1 = 551761
| footnotes =
}}
'''Karhe''' is a village in the [[Palghar district]] of [[Maharashtra]], [[India]]. It is located in the [[Vikramgad]] [[taluka]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://dolr.nic.in/dolr/mpr/revenuevillagedirectorypdf/Maharashtra.pdf |title=Maharashtra villages |publisher=Land Records Information Systems Division, NIC |accessdate=2015-08-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304095320/http://dolr.nic.in/dolr/mpr/revenuevillagedirectorypdf/Maharashtra.pdf |archive-date=4 March 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

== Demographics ==

According to the [[2011 census of India]], Karhe has 192 households. The effective literacy rate (i.e. the literacy rate of population excluding children aged 6 and below) is 67.85%.<ref name="census_2011"/>

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ Demographics (2011 Census)<ref name="census_2011">{{cite web|url=http://censusindia.gov.in/pca/cdb_pca_census/PCA%20CDB-2721-F-Census.xlsx |title=District census data |work=[[2011 Census of India]] |publisher=Directorate of Census Operations |accessdate=2015-08-17 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151002001310/http://censusindia.gov.in/pca/cdb_pca_census/PCA%20CDB-2721-F-Census.xlsx |archivedate=2015-10-02 }}</ref>
! !! Total !! Male !! Female
|-
| Population || 1378 || 692 || 686
|-
| Children aged below 6 years || 196 || 99 || 97
|-
| [[Scheduled caste]] || 2 || 2 || 0
|-
| [[Scheduled tribe]] || 1363 || 685 || 678
|-
| Literates || 802 || 440 || 362
|-
| Workers (all) || 560 || 266 || 294
|-
| Main workers (total) || 395 || 232 || 163
|-
| Main workers: Cultivators || 278 || 173 || 105
|-
| Main workers: Agricultural labourers || 88 || 41 || 47
|-
| Main workers: Household industry workers || 0 || 0 || 0
|-
| Main workers: Other || 29 || 18 || 11
|-
| Marginal workers (total) || 165 || 34 || 131
|-
| Marginal workers: Cultivators || 82 || 10 || 72
|-
| Marginal workers: Agricultural labourers || 56 || 15 || 41
|-
| Marginal workers: Household industry workers || 1 || 0 || 1
|-
| Marginal workers: Others || 26 || 9 || 17
|-
| Non-workers || 818 || 426 || 392
|}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Vikramgad taluka}}

[[Category:Villages in Vikramgad taluka]]