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Kanaia Lal Agarwal

2026-05-06T15:54:06Z

Vilianapcm: done...

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2025}}
{{Infobox politician
| office1 = [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|Member]] of [[West Bengal Legislative Assembly]]
| constituency1 = [[Islampur, West Bengal Assembly constituency|Islampur]]
| term_start1 = 04th May, 2026
| predecessor1 = [[Abdul Karim Chowdhury]]}}

'''Kanaia Lal Agarwal''' (born 19 September 1954)<ref>{{Cite web |last=Anushree |title=Kanaia Lal Agarwal: Age, Biography, Education, Wife, Caste, Net Worth & More - Oneindia |url=https://www.oneindia.com/politicians/kanaia-lal-agarwal-10553.html#biography |access-date=2025-05-08 |website=www.oneindia.com |language=en}}</ref> is an Indian politician from [[West Bengal]]. He is a former member of the [[West Bengal Legislative Assembly]] from [[Islampur, West Bengal Assembly constituency|Islampur Assembly constituency]] in [[Uttar Dinajpur district]]. He was elected in the [[2016 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]] representing the [[Indian National Congress]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2 May 2021 |title=West Bengal Election: Islampur Assembly Constituency 2022 |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/elections/west-bengal-assembly-election/islampur-1198359407 |access-date=8 May 2025 |website=Hindustan Times}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Live |first=A. B. P. |title=Sriperumbudur Election Results 2021 LIVE, Vote Counting, Leading, Trailing , Winners West bengal Sriperumbudur Constituency Election News LIVE |url=https://news.abplive.com/elections/west-bengal-election-results-2021/wb-sriperumbudur-constituency-29.html |access-date=2025-05-08 |website=news.abplive.com |language=en}}</ref>

== Early life and education ==
Agarwal is from [[Islampur, Uttar Dinajpur|Islampur]], Uttar Dinajpur district, West Bengal. He is the son of late Golab Chand Agarwal. He completed his MCom at [[University of North Bengal]] in 1975 and later did LLB, also at University of North Bengal, in 1975.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2016 |title=Kanaia Lal Agarwal (Indian National Congress (INC)): Constituency- Islampur (Uttar Dinajpur) - Affidavit Information of Candidate |url=https://www.myneta.info/westbengal2016/candidate.php?candidate_id=488 |access-date=2025-05-08 |website=www.myneta.info}}</ref>

== Career ==
Agarwal was first elected as an MLA from Islampur Assembly constituency representing the Indian National Congress in the 2016 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election. He polled 65,559 votes and defeated his nearest rival, [[Abdul Karim Chowdhury]] of the [[All India Trinamool Congress]], by a margin of 7,718 votes.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Islampur Assembly Constituency Election Result - Legislative Assembly Constituency |url=https://resultuniversity.com/election/islampur-west-bengal-assembly-constituency |access-date=2025-05-08 |website=resultuniversity.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Islampur Election Result 2021 Live Updates: Abdul Karim Chowdhary of TMC Wins |url=https://www.news18.com/news/politics/islampur-election-result-2021-live-updates-islampur-winner-loser-leading-trailing-mla-margin-3696044.html |access-date=2025-05-08 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref> He secured a vote share of 43.88 per cent.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-05-02 |title=Islampur Election Result 2021 LIVE: How to check Islampur assembly (Vidhan Sabha) election winners, losers, vote margin, news updates - CNBC TV18 |url=https://www.cnbctv18.com/politics/islampur-election-result-2021-live-how-to-check-islampur-assembly-vidhan-sabha-election-winners-losers-vote-margin-news-updates-9126861.htm |access-date=2025-05-08 |website=CNBCTV18 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=IndiaVotes AC: West Bengal 2016 |url=https://www.indiavotes.com/vidhan-sabha/2016/west-bengal/249/9 |access-date=2025-05-08 |website=IndiaVotes}}</ref>

Earlier in May 2015, he was elected as the chairman of the Islampur municipality. It was alleged that he took all the councillors of his party to a secret location and kept them there for three weeks before the election to prevent Trinamool minister [[Abdul Karim Chowdhury]] who allegedly tried to poach the Congress members.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hedaytullah |first=Mehedi |date=22 May 2015 |title='Secretive' Cong grabs civic body |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/west-bengal/secretive-cong-grabs-civic-body/cid/1523011 |access-date=8 May 2025 |website=The Telegraph}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Agarwal, Kanaia Lal}}
[[Category:1954 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from West Bengal]]
[[Category:People from Uttar Dinajpur district]]
[[Category:West Bengal MLAs 2016–2021]]
[[Category:University of North Bengal alumni]]
[[Category:Trinamool Congress politicians from West Bengal]]
[[Category:West Bengal MLAs 2026–2031]]

Orissa School of Mining Engineering, Keonjhar

2026-05-06T04:15:21Z

Vilianapcm: Created a article!

{{Short description|College in Orissa, India}}
{{For|OSME(Degree Stream), Keonjhar|Government College of Engineering, Keonjhar}}
{{Infobox college
|name = Odisha School Of Mining Engineering, Keonjhar
|established = 1956
|city = [[Keonjhar, Orissa]], India
|image = Osmekeonjhar_logo.gif
|motto = Wisdom Courage & Confidence
|principal = Er. Jnanaranjan Das
|academic_affiliation = [[State Council for Technical Education & Vocational Training]]
|accreditation = [[AICTE]]
|website = {{URL|http://www.osme.net.in/}}
|campus = Mining Road, Keonjhar, Odisha
}}

The '''Orissa (Odisha) School of Engineering (OSME, Keonjhar)''' is a state government run [[higher education]] institute started in 1956 for focusing on the education and research of [[mining engineering]]. Subsequently, the institute introduced engineering [[diploma]] in [[electrical engineering]], [[mechanical engineering]], [[drilling engineering]] and [[metallurgical engineering]]. Also it introduced a degree [[engineering]] course in 1995. But in 2012, the program was separated and renamed as Government College of Engineering, Keonjhar.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://kendujhar.nic.in/rtia/RTI%20OSME,%20KEONJHAR.PDF|title=Orissa School of Mining Engineering Manual|website=Kendujhar.nic.in|accessdate=22 August 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dtetorissa.gov.in/pdf/OSMR_Keonjhar.pdf|title=OSME, Keonjhar |accessdate=22 August 2015|website=Dtetorissa.gov.in}}</ref>

==History ==
Orissa (Odisha) School of Mining Engineering (OSME), Keonjhar was initially started under Department of Industries, Government of Odisha in 1956 offering diploma education in mining engineering. That time it was the only college of Eastern Region (India) offering mining engineering. Then in 1986 to 1988, the institute introduced mechanical, electrical and drilling engineering to its curriculum. Subsequently, in 1992, metallurgical engineering was added with an endowment from [[World Bank]] Assisted Project. A new curriculum added as the Degree Stream of Engineering in 1995 with named Orissa School of Mining Engineering (Degree Stream), Keonjhar. With the help from [[State Council for Technical Education & Vocational Training|SCTE&VT]] in 2010, the institution diversified by adding [[civil engineering]].

== Campus ==
[[File:Osme.campus.jpg|thumb|OSME Main Building]]
The campus of the institution is placed in Keonjhar town with {{convert|44|acre}} of land surrounded by green hills. It is {{cvt|1|km}} away from [[National Highway (India)|N.H. 215]] and {{cvt|3|km}} from [[National Highway 6 (India, old numbering)|N.H. no.6]]. The nearest railway station is [[Keonjhargarh district|Keonjhargarh]] railway station ({{cvt|6|km|disp=sqbr}}) and the nearest airport is in [[Biju Patnaik International Airport|Bhubaneswar]]. It is located centrally from all important cities of Odisha.

== Courses offered ==
* [[Civil Engineering]]
* Drilling Engineering
* [[Electrical Engineering]]
* [[Mechanical Engineering]]
* [[Metallurgical Engineering]]
* [[Mining engineering|Mining Engineering]]

==Admission procedure==
The students are admitted through [[Diploma Entrance Test Odisha|DET]] (Diploma Entrance Test) conducted by SCTE&VT, Odisha. There is also provision of lateral entry of 20% of sanctioned intake for lateral entry rank holders (ITI & +2 Sc. holders) for admission directly to the third Semester in their respective branch of study as per the [[State Council for Technical Education & Vocational Training|SCTE&VT]] guidelines.

== Training and placement ==
The Vocational Training is organised for each semester of Mining & Drilling Engineering students in various core industries. OSME assures students for campus placement at Industries in India & abroad. The industries are like OSIL, Keonjhar, TATA STEEL, JSL, JSW, JSPL, L&T, IMFA, ESSEL MINING, VETCO, SINGAPORE & MESCO LTD. etc.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.osme.net.in/placement.htm|title=Osme.net.in}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*{{official website|osme.net.in}}
{{SCTE & VT}}

[[Category:Schools of mines in India]]
[[Category:Technical universities and colleges in Odisha]]
[[Category:Mining in Odisha]]
[[Category:Kendujhar district]]
[[Category:Universities and colleges established in 1956]]
[[Category:1956 establishments in Orissa]]

Cool Ganesha

2026-04-26T22:04:45Z

Vilianapcm: Added Post.

{{short description|Indian Kannada-language romantic drama film}}
{{No plot|date=February 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2026}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2026}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Cool Ganesha
| image = Cool Ganesha VCD.jpg
| alt =
| caption = VCD Cover
| native_name = 
| director = Vasanth
| writer =
| screenplay =
| story =
| based_on = 
| producer =
| starring = [[Jaggesh]] [[Tashu Kaushik]]
| narrator =
| cinematography = Ramesh Babu
| editing =
| music = [[Manikanth Kadri]]
| studio = 
| distributor = 
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2013|11|29}}
| runtime =
| country = India
| language = Kannada
| budget =
| gross =
}}
'''''Cool Ganesha''''' is a 2013 Indian Kannada-language romantic drama directed by Vasanth and starring [[Jaggesh]] in the title role and [[Tashu Kaushik]] in her Kannada debut.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/jaggeshs-cool-ganesha-to-release-soon/articleshow/21397165.cms|title=Jaggesh's Cool Ganesha to release soon|date=27 July 2013|work=[[The Times of India]]|first=Taniya|last=Talukdar}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/jaggesh-to-get-old-image-back/articleshow/23453183.cms|title=Jaggesh to get old image back?|date=3 October 2013|work=[[The Times of India]]|first=Taniya|last=Talukdar}}</ref> The film was a box office failure.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/kannada-audiences-enjoy-a-good-mix-of-comedy-horror-and-romance/articleshow/26678880.cms|title=Kannada audiences enjoy a good mix of comedy, horror and romance|work=[[The Times of India]]|date=1 December 2013}}</ref>

== Cast ==
*[[Jaggesh]] as Cool Ganesha
*[[Tashu Kaushik]] as Anjanappa’s daughter
*[[R. N. Sudarshan]]
*[[Shobaraj]] as Veerabhadra
*[[Kuri Prathap]]
*[[Girija Lokesh]]
*Jeevan as Agni Surya
*Harry Joseph as Hebbet Anjanappa

== Soundtrack ==
The music was composed by [[Manikanth Kadri]]. The audio was released under the label Jhankar Music.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.jiosaavn.com/album/cool-ganesha/,WC,-8Xc69g_|title=Cool Ganesha|work=JioSaavn|date=2013}}</ref>
{{Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| headline = Track listing
| title1 = Jigi Jigidide Hrudayavu
| extra1 = [[Karthik (singer)|Karthik]], [[Annupamaa|Anupama]]
| length1 = 4:28
| title2 = Beautifullu Hennu
| extra2 = [[Jaggesh]], [[Indu Nagaraj]]
| length2 = 4:35
| title3 = Bisi Jangiralla
| extra3 = Karthik, [[Suchitra]]
| length3 = 4:27
| title4 = Idhi Manakey Sadhyam
| extra4 = Jaggesh, [[Gurukiran]], [[Shamitha Malnad]]
| length4 = 4:31
| total_length = 18:01
}}

== Reception ==
A critic from ''[[Rediff.com]]'' wrote that "''Cool Ganesha'' is a cool entertainer and a good pastime for people who are looking for a comedy film to watch this weekend".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/report/review-cool-ganesha-is-a-cool-entertainer-south/20131129.htm|title=Review: Cool Ganesha is a cool entertainer|first=Srikanth|last=Srinivasa|work=[[Rediff.com]]|date=29 November 2013}}</ref> A critic from ''[[The Times of India]]'' wrote that "the story is old wine in new bottle".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movie-reviews/cool-ganesha/movie-review/26649723.cms|title=COOL GANESHA MOVIE REVIEW|date=29 November 2013|work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> A critic from ''[[Bangalore Mirror]]'' wrote that "Cool Ganesha is not cool at all. Instead, it’s a tepid comedy that can still be enjoyed on telly".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/reviews/cool-ganesha-movie-review-kannada/articleshow/26591885.cms|title=Movie Review: Cool Ganesha|date=29 November 2013|work=[[Bangalore Mirror]]|first=Shyam Prasad|last=S.}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:2013 Kannada-language films]]
[[Category:2013 Indian films]]
[[Category:Indian romantic drama films]]

Surat Singh (air marshal)

2026-04-24T10:43:28Z

Vilianapcm: Started new biography...

{{Short description|Air Marshal in Indian Air Force}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2025}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| honorific_prefix = [[Air Marshal (India)|Air Marshal]]
| name = Surat Singh
| honorific_suffix = {{Post-nominals|country=IND|size=90%|PVSM|AVSM|VM|VSM}}
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| image = File:Air Marshal Surat Singh.jpg
| image_size = 230px
| alt =
| caption =
| office = [[Eastern Air Command (India)|Air Officer Commanding-in-Chief Eastern Air Command]]
| term_start = 1 October 2024
| term_end = 31 January 2026
| 1blankname = [[Chief of the Air Staff (India)|Chief of Air Staff]]
| 1namedata = [[Amar Preet Singh]]
| predecessor = [[Sujeet Pushpakar Dharkar]]
| successor = [[Inderpal Singh Walia]]
| birth_date = 
| death_date = 
| death_place =
| placeofburial =
| placeofburial_label =
| placeofburial_coordinates = 
| nickname =
| birth_place =
| allegiance = {{Country|India}}
| branch = {{Air force|India}}
| service_years = 6 December 1986 – 31 January 2026
| rank = [[File:Indian IAF OF-8.svg|24px]] [[Air Marshal (India)|Air Marshal]]
| military_blank1 = [[Service number]]
| military_data1 = 18563<ref>https://www.bharat-rakshak.com/indianairforce/database/18563</ref>
| unit = [[No. 223 Squadron IAF|No. 223 Squadron]]
| commands = {{plainlist|
* [[File:Eastern Air Command (India).png|16px]] [[Eastern Air Command (India)|Eastern Air Command]]
* [[Lohagaon|2 Wing]]
* [[Tactics and Air Combat Development Establishment|TACDE]]
* 505 Signal Unit
* [[No. 223 Squadron IAF|No. 223 Squadron]]
}}
| battles =
| battles_label =
| military_blank2 = Awards
| military_data2 = {{plainlist|
* [[File:Param Vishisht Seva Medal ribbon.svg|20px]] [[Param Vishisht Seva Medal]]
* [[File:Ati Vishisht Seva Medal ribbon.svg|20px]] [[Ati Vishisht Seva Medal]]
* [[File:Vayusena Medal ribbon.svg|20px]] [[Vayu Sena Medal]]
* [[File:Vishisht Seva Medal ribbon.svg|20px]] [[Vishisht Seva Medal]]
}}
| spouse =
| relations =
| laterwork =
| signature =
| website =
| other_name =
| memorials =
| signature_size =
| signature_alt =
| module =
| alma_mater =
}}
[[Air marshal (India)|Air Marshal]] '''Surat Singh,''' [[Param Vishisht Seva Medal|PVSM]], [[Ati Vishisht Seva Medal|AVSM]], [[Vayu Sena Medal|VM]], [[Vishisht Seva Medal|VSM]] is a retired [[air officer]] of the [[Indian Air Force]]. He last served as the [[Eastern Air Command (India)|Air Officer Commanding-in-Chief, Eastern Air Command]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Negi |first=Manjeet |date=2024-10-01 |title=Air Marshal Surat Singh takes charge of Eastern Air Command |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/air-marshal-surat-singh-takes-charge-of-eastern-air-command-2609710-2024-10-01 |access-date=2025-12-15 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref> He previously served as the Director General Air (Operations).<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=The seminar was inaugurated by Air Marshal Surat Singh, AVSM, VM, VSM, DG Air Ops, Air HQ. He suggested what India needs to do?, with highlighting the need for combination of active and passive sensor, and the Artificial Intelligence and machine learning |url=https://x.com/CAPS_INDIA/status/1670686577687941121 |access-date=15 Dec 2025 |website=x.com (formerly twitter)}}</ref>

== Early life and education ==
The [[Air officer]] is an alumnus of the [[National Defence Academy]], Khadakwasla and the [[Air Force Academy (India)|Air Force Academy]], Dundigal. He is also an alumnus of the [[Australian Defence College|Command and Staff College]], [[Australia]] and [[National Defence College (Bangladesh)|National Defence College]], [[Bangladesh]].

== Military career ==
He was commissioned into the fighter stream of the [[Indian Air Force]] on 6 December 1986 from the [[Air Force Academy (India)|Air Force Academy]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Air Marshal Surat Singh 18563 F(P) |url=http://www.bharat-rakshak.com/indianairforce/database/18563 |access-date=2025-12-15 |website=Bharat Rakshak |language=en-gb}}</ref> In a career spanning over three decades, he has more than 2900 hours of flying experience across various fighter jets and has held training & staff appointments. He is a highly experienced fighter pilot and has flown various fighter aircraft of the Indian Air Force which include variants of the MiG-21, MiG-29 and Su- 30 MKI.<ref name=":1">{{Cite news |title=Eastern Air Command |url=https://indianairforce.nic.in/commands/ |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20230530003311/https://indianairforce.nic.in/commands/ |archive-date=2023-05-30 |access-date=2025-12-15 |work=Indian Air Force: Touch The Sky With Glory |language=en-US}}</ref> The Air Marshal's operational tenures include being the Commanding Officer of a fighter squadron in the Northern Sector. As a [[Group captain (India)|Group Captain]], he served as the Commandant of [[Tactics and Air Combat Development Establishment|Tactics and Combat Development Establishment (TACDE)]] and as the station commander of 505 Signal Unit.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-10-01 |title=Air Marshal Surat Singh Takes Charge as AOC-in-C of Eastern Air Command |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/india/air-marshal-surat-singh-takes-charge-as-aoc-in-c-of-eastern-air-command-article-113860377 |access-date=2025-12-15 |website=www.timesnownews.com |language=en}}</ref> As an [[Air commodore (India)|Air Commodore]], he served as the Air Officer Commanding of 2 Wing at Lohegaon and as Air Commodore (Offensive Operations). He has also served as Director at the Directorate of Air Staff Inspection (DASI) at the Air Headquarters, Air-1 at [[South Western Air Command]], Principal Director at Directorate of Personnel (Officers) & Directorate of Operations (Offensive).

As an [[Air vice marshal (India)|Air Vice Marshal]], he assumed the appointment of Air Defence Commander, [[Eastern Air Command (India)|Easter Air Command]] and later served as the Assistant Chief of Air Staff, Operations (Space).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Air Force ready for any contingency within or outside country: AVM Surat Singh |url=https://www.aninews.in/news/national/general-news/air-force-ready-for-any-contingency-within-or-outside-country-avm-surat-singh20200408185149/ |access-date=2025-12-15 |website=ANI News |language=en}}</ref>

After being promoted to the rank of [[Air marshal (India)|Air Marshal]], on 1 January 2023 he assumed the appointment of Director General Air (Operations) at the Air Headquarters.<ref name=":0" /> On 1 October 2024, [[Air marshal (India)|Air Marshal]] Surat Singh took over as the [[Eastern Air Command (India)|Air Officer Commanding-in-Chief, Eastern Air Command]] succeeding [[Air marshal (India)|Air Marshal]] [[Sujeet Pushpakar Dharkar]] who moved to the Air Headquarters as the [[Vice Chief of the Air Staff (India)|Vice Chief of the Air Staff]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Air Marshal Surat Singh takes over as Air Officer Commanding-in-Chief Eastern Air Command |url=https://www.aninews.in/news/national/general-news/air-marshal-surat-singh-takes-as-air-officer-commanding-in-chief-eastern-air-command20241002082326/ |access-date=2025-12-15 |website=ANI News |language=en}}</ref> He superannuated on 31 January 2026 after serving for nearly four decades.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Air Marshal Surat Singh Retires as Air Officer Commanding-in-Chief, Eastern Air Command|url=https://www.ssbcrack.com/2026/01/air-marshal-surat-singh-retires-as-air-officer-commanding-in-chief-eastern-air-command.html|date=2026-01-31|access-date=2026-01-31|language=en-US}}</ref>

== Awards and decorations ==
During his career, the air marshal has been awarded the [[Param Vishisht Seva Medal]] in 2026,<ref>{{Cite web |date=25 Jan 2026|title=77th Republic Day: President approves Gallantry awards to 70 Armed Forces personnel, including six posthumous & military decorations to 301 personnel.|url=https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2218540&reg=3&lang=1|access-date=25 Jan 2026|website=Press Information Bureau}}</ref> the [[Ati Vishisht Seva Medal]] in 2015,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Awardee List for the year 2015 , Indian Air Force - Database |url=https://www.bharat-rakshak.com/indianairforce/database/awards/awards.php?qyear=2015&qaward=&qunit=&qname=&qnum= |access-date=2025-12-15 |website=Bharat Rakshak |language=en-gb}}</ref> the [[Vishisht Seva Medal]] in 2011 and the [[Vayu Sena Medal]] in 2008.<ref>{{Cite web |date=25 Jan 2008 |title=Republic Day gallantry and other Defence decorations 2008 |url=https://www.pib.gov.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=34900&reg=3&lang=2 |access-date=16 Dec 2025 |website=PIB}}</ref>
{| style="margin:1em auto; text-align:center;"
|[[File:Param_Vishisht_Seva_Medal_ribbon.svg|frameless|105x105px]]
|{{Ribbon devices|ribbon=Ati Vishisht Seva Medal ribbon.svg|width=106}}
|{{Ribbon devices|ribbon=Vayusena Medal ribbon.svg|width=106}}
|[[File:Vishisht_Seva_Medal_ribbon.svg|105x105px]]
|-
|[[File:IND_Samanya_Seva_medal.svg|105x105px]]
|[[File:IND_Special_Service_Medal_Ribbon.svg|105x105px]]
|[[File:IND_Operation_Vijay_medal.svg|105x105px]]
|[[File:IND_Operation_Parakram_medal.svg|105x105px]]
|-
|[[File:IND_Sainya_Seva_Medal_Ribbon.svg|105x105px]]
|[[File:IND_High_Altitude_Medal_Ribbon.svg|105x105px]]
|[[File:IND_Videsh_Seva_Medal_Ribbon.svg|105x105px]]
|[[File:75yearmedal.svg|105x105px]]
|-
|[[File:IND_50th_Anniversary_Independence_medal.svg|105x105px]]
|[[File:IND_30_Years_Long_Service_Ribbon.svg|105x105px]]
|[[File:IND_20YearsServiceMedalRibbon.svg|105x105px]]
|[[File:IND_9YearsServiceMedalRibbon.svg|105x105px]]
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="margin:1em auto; text-align:center;"
|[[Param Vishisht Seva Medal]]
|[[Ati Vishisht Seva Medal]]
|[[Vayu Sena Medal]]
|[[Vishisht Seva Medal]]
|-
| style="text-align: center;" |[[Samanya Seva Medal]]
|[[Special Service Medal (India)|Special Service Medal]]
|[[Operation Vijay Medal]]
|[[Operation Parakram Medal]]
|-
| style="text-align: center;" |[[Indian military decorations#Service and campaign medals|Sainya Seva Medal]]
| style="text-align: center;" |[[Indian military decorations#Service and campaign medals|High Altitude Medal]]
| style="text-align: center;" |[[Indian military decorations#Service and campaign medals|Videsh Seva Medal]]
| style="text-align: center;" |[[75th Independence Anniversary Medal (India)|75th Anniversary of Independence Medal]]
|-
| style="text-align: center;" |[[50th Independence Anniversary Medal]]
| style="text-align: center;" |[[Indian military decorations#Service and campaign medals|30 Years Long Service Medal]]
| style="text-align: center;" |[[Indian military decorations#Service and campaign medals|20 Years Long Service Medal]]
| style="text-align: center;" |[[Indian military decorations#Service and campaign medals|9 Years Long Service Medal]]
|}

== Dates of ranks ==
{| class="wikitable" style="background:white"
!Insignia
!Rank
!Component
!Date of rank
|-
| align="center" |[[File:Indian_IAF_OF-1a.svg|64x64px]]
|[[Pilot Officer]]
|Indian Air Force
|6 December 1986<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Service Record for Air Marshal Surat Singh 18563 F(P) at Bharat Rakshak.com |url=http://www.bharat-rakshak.com/indianairforce/database/18563 |access-date=2025-12-15 |website=Bharat Rakshak |language=en-gb}}</ref>
|-
| align="center" |[[File:Indian_IAF_OF-1b.svg|64x64px]]
|[[Flying officer|Flying Officer]]
|Indian Air Force
|6 December 1987<ref name=":2" />
|-
| align="center" |[[File:Indian_IAF_OF-2.svg|64x64px]]
|[[Flight Lieutenant]]
|Indian Air Force
|6 December 1991<ref name=":2" />
|-
| align="center" |[[File:Indian_IAF_OF-3.svg|64x64px]]
|[[Squadron Leader]]
|Indian Air Force
|6 December 1997<ref name=":2" />
|-
| align="center" |[[File:Indian_IAF_OF-4.svg|64x64px]]
|[[Wing commander (rank)|Wing Commander]]
|Indian Air Force
|5 May 2003<ref name=":2" />
|-
| align="center" |[[File:Indian_IAF_OF-5.svg|64x64px]]
|[[Group Captain]]
|Indian Air Force
|2 March 2009<ref name=":2" />
|-
| align="center" |[[File:Indian_IAF_OF-6.svg|65x65px]]
|[[Air commodore (India)|Air Commodore]]
|Indian Air Force
|17 June 2013<ref name=":2" />
|-
| align="center" |[[File:Indian_IAF_OF-7.svg|65x65px]]
|[[Air vice marshal (India)|Air Vice Marshal]]
|Indian Air Force
|11 June 2019<ref name=":2" />
|-
| align="center" |[[File:Indian_IAF_OF-8.svg|65x65px]]
|[[Air marshal (India)|Air Marshal]]
|Indian Air Force
|1 December 2022 (AOC-in-C from 1 October 2024)<ref name=":2" />
|}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{s-start}}
{{s-mil}}
{{Succession box
| title = [[Eastern Air Command (India)|Air Officer Commanding-in-Chief Eastern Air Command]]
| years = 1 October 2024 – 31 January 2026
| before = [[Sujeet Pushpakar Dharkar]]
| after = [[Inderpal Singh Walia]]
}}
{{Succession box
| title = Director General Air Operations
| years = 1 January 2023 – 30 September 2024
| before = [[Pankaj Mohan Sinha]]
| after = [[Awadhesh Kumar Bharti]]
}}
{{s-end}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Singh, Surat}}
[[Category:Indian Air Force air marshals]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Ati Vishisht Seva Medal]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Vayu Sena Medal]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Vishisht Seva Medal]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

Snehlata Kushwaha

2026-04-21T13:41:47Z

Vilianapcm: Started new entry...

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2025}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name =
| image =
| caption =
| office = [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|Member]] of [[Bihar Legislative Assembly]]
| term_start = 14 November 2025
| term_end =
| constituency = [[Sasaram Assembly constituency|Sasaram]]
| predecessor = [[Rajesh Kumar Gupta]]
| successor =
| birth_place =
| birth_date =
| spouse = [[Upendra Kushwaha]]
| party = [[Rashtriya Lok Morcha]]
| alma_mater =
| profession = Politician
| website =
| footnotes =
}}

'''Snehlata Kushwaha''' is an Indian politician from Bihar. She is a member of the [[Bihar Legislative Assembly]] from [[Sasaram Assembly constituency]] in [[Rohtas district]]. She won the [[2025 Bihar Legislative Assembly election]] representing the [[Rashtriya Lok Morcha]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-11-16 |title=A look at the new Bihar Assembly: 111 re-elected, MLAs twice as rich, with fewer criminal cases |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/political-pulse/new-bihar-assembly-111-re-elected-mlas-twice-as-rich-fewer-criminal-cases-10368113/ |access-date=2025-11-18 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Bhattacharya |first=Shubhayan |date=2025-11-14 |title=Sasaram Election Results 2025: RJD's Satendra Sah Vs NDA's Snehlata Kushwaha — Who's Winning? |url=https://www.ndtvprofit.com/elections/sasaram-election-results-2025-rjd-satendra-sah-vs-nda-snehlata-kushwaha-whos-winning |access-date=2025-11-18 |website=NDTV Profit |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-11-15 |title=Bihar Election Results 2025 Constituency-wise, Seat-wise: Check full list of winners |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/bihar-election-2025-result-constituency-wise-seats-check-full-list-of-winners-in-2020-elections-10363163/ |access-date=2025-11-18 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> She defeated Satendra Sah.
She studied up to Class 12 and she is into dairy business.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Snehlata Kushwaha Performance in Bihar Assembly Elections 2025 : Result, Vote Margins & Live Trends |url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/elections/assembly-elections/bihar/sasaram-constituency/candidate-list/snehlata-kushwaha |access-date=2025-11-18 |website=India TV News |language=en}}</ref>

==Personal life==
Snehlata has completed her matriculation and intermediate course from RAS High School, [[Jandaha]] in 1983 and 1986.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.jagran.com/bihar/rohtas-snehlata-kushwaha-net-worth-wife-richer-than-upendra-kushwaha-40013851.html|title= कार, टेंपो और लाखों रुपए के जमीन की मालकिन, उपेंद्र कुशवाहा से भी अमीर हैं पत्नी स्नेहलता, जानें नेटवर्थ|website=Jagran|accessdate=30 November 2025}}</ref> She married [[Upendra Kushwaha]], the former minister of state for human resource development in [[Government of India]]. Her son [[Deepak Prakash]] is serving as a minister in [[Government of Bihar]] in [[Tenth Nitish Kumar ministry]].<ref>{{citation|url=https://www.cnbctv18.com/india/politics/bihar-cabinet-who-is-deepak-prakash-the-new-minister-who-took-oath-without-contesting-elections-19767645.htm|title= Bihar Cabinet: Who is Deepak Prakash — The new minister who took oath without contesting elections?|website=cnbctv18|date= 20 November 2025|accessdate=9 December 2025}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kushwaha, Snehlata}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:People from Rohtas district]]
[[Category:Rashtriya Lok Morcha politicians]]
[[Category:Women members of the Bihar Legislative Assembly]]
[[Category:Bihar MLAs 2025–2030]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian women politicians]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

Rahul Uttamrao Dhikale

2026-04-20T09:06:25Z

Vilianapcm: Created a bio

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2024}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Rahul Uttamrao Dhikale
| office2 =
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=y|1979|08|14}}
| constituency = [[Nashik East (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Nashik East]]
| term_start = 23 October 2019
| occupation = Politician
| image = File:Rahul dhikale.png
| birth_place = Nashik
| education = Bachelor of Law
| office = [[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Member of Maharashtra Legislative Assembly]]
| predecessor = [[Balasaheb Mahadu Sanap|Balasaheb Sanap]]
}}

'''Rahul Uttamrao Dhikale''' is an Indian politician. He is a Member of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party|Bhartiya Janata Party]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rahul Uattamrao Dhikle(Bharatiya Janata Party(BJP)):Constituency- NASHIK EAST(NASHIK) - Affidavit Information of Candidate |url=https://myneta.info/maharashtra2019/candidate.php?candidate_id=10684 |access-date=2023-02-15 |website=myneta.info}}</ref> In 2019 & 2024, he was elected as Member of the Legislative Assembly of the Nashik East Constituency in [[Maharashtra]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Maharashtra Assembly (Vidhan Sabha) Election Results 2019 |url=https://www.mapsofindia.com/assemblypolls/maharashtra/election-results.html |access-date=2023-02-15 |website=Maps of India}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=लोकप्रतिनिधी {{!}} नाशिक जिल्हा, महाराष्ट्र शासन {{!}} India |url=https://nashik.gov.in/mr/%e0%a4%aa%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%b0%e0%a4%a4%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%a8%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%a7%e0%a4%bf/ |access-date=2023-02-15 |language=mr}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Nashik East (Maharashtra) Assembly Election Results 2022: Candidate List, Winner, Runner-Up, Latest News and Updates, Videos , Photos |url=https://indianexpress.com/elections/nashik-east-election-results-in-maharashtra/ |access-date=2023-02-15 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Nashik East Assembly Constituency Election Result - Legislative Assembly Constituency |url=https://resultuniversity.com/election/nashikeast-maharashtra-assembly-constituency |access-date=2023-02-15 |website=resultuniversity.com}}</ref><ref name="Nashik East Election Result: BJP's Adv.Rahul Uttamrao Dhikale Wins">{{cite news |date=23 November 2024 |title=Nashik East Election Result: BJP's Adv.Rahul Uttamrao Dhikale Wins |url=https://timelinedaily.com/elections/nashik-east-election-result-bjps-adv-rahul-uttamrao-dhikale-wins |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20241223083012/https://timelinedaily.com/elections/nashik-east-election-result-bjps-adv-rahul-uttamrao-dhikale-wins |archivedate=23 December 2024 |accessdate=23 December 2024 |publisher=TimelineDaily |language=en}}</ref>

== Early life and family ==
Rahul Dhikale was born on 14 August 1979. His father late [[Uttamrao Dhikale]] was a member of 13th Loksabha of India from Nashik Constituency.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-04-07 |title=Former MP Uttam Nathuram Dhikale passes away |url=https://www.mid-day.com/news/india-news/article/former-mp-uttam-nathuram-dhikale-passes-away-16121185 |access-date=2023-02-15 |website=Mid-day |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=उत्तमराव ढिकले यांचे निधन |url=https://maharashtratimes.com/uttamrao-dhikle/articleshow/46842246.cms |access-date=2023-02-15 |website=Maharashtra Times |language=mr}}</ref> His education is Bachelor in Law(LLB) from N.B.T. Law College Nashik. At the age of twelve, Rahul Dhikale trained in wrestling and participated in Maharashtra Hind Kesari competitions. In the year of 1995, Rahul Dhikale won Nashik's Mayor Kesari Competition.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=देवगिरे |first=संपत |title=आमदार पै.राहुल ढिकलेंचा दिवस सुरू होतो तासभर धावल्यानंतर ! |url=https://www.sarkarnama.in/nashik/bjp-mla-rahul-dhikale-fitness-fanda-46454 |access-date=2023-02-16 |website=Sarkarnama |date=6 December 2019 |language=mr}}</ref>

== Political career ==
Rahul Dhikale was elected as Councilor in Nashik Municipal Corporation (2012-2017).<ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-06-04 |title=Elected Members |url=https://nashikmunicipalelection.wordpress.com/2016/06/04/elected-members/ |access-date=2023-02-15 |website=Nashik Municipal Election 2017 |language=en}}</ref> In 2014-2015 he was Chairman of Standing Committee in Nashik Municipal Corporation.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2014-06-11 |title=Standing committee reconstituted, seven new members appointed |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/nashik/standing-committee-reconstituted-seven-new-members-appointed/articleshow/36363665.cms |access-date=2023-02-15 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2014-08-21 |title=Deadline over but potholes remain |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/nashik/deadline-over-but-potholes-remain/articleshow/40534779.cms |access-date=2023-02-15 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=नाशिक महापालिकेत मनसेचे भाजपला धोबीपछाड; स्थायीच्या अध्यक्षपदी ढिकले |url=https://www.loksatta.com/maharashtra/rahul-dhikale-won-standing-committee-president-election-in-nashik-641505/ |access-date=2023-02-15 |website=Loksatta |language=mr}}</ref> In 2019, Rahul Dhikale won election of Legislative Assembly in Maharashtra from [[Nashik East Assembly constituency|Nashik East Assembly Constituency]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rahul Uattamrao Dhikle-rahul Uattamrao Dhikle Bjp Candidate Nashik East Election Result 2019 |url=https://www.amarujala.com/election/vidhan-sabha-elections/maharashtra/candidates/rahul-uattamrao-dhikle-bjp-2019-nashikeast-123-maharashtra |access-date=2023-02-15 |website=Amar Ujala |language=hi}}</ref> and has been re-elected as an MLA for the second time in a row in the [[2024 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|2024 Maharashtra Assembly elections]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nashik East Election Result 2024 LIVE: Adv.Rahul Uttamrao Dhikale of BJP Wins |url=https://www.news18.com/elections/nashik-east-election-result-2024-live-leading-winner-mla-9130068.html |access-date=2025-02-22 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Adv.rahul Uttamrao Dhikale , BJP Election Results LIVE: Latest Updates On Adv.rahul Uttamrao Dhikale , Assembly Election Constituency Seat |url=https://www.ndtv.com/elections/maharashtra/assembly-election-candidates-list-2024/adv-rahul-uttamrao-dhikale-13123-1 |access-date=2025-02-22 |website=ndtv.com |language=en}}</ref>

== Awards ==

* Winner of Nashik's Mayor Kesari - 1995<ref name=":0" />

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Maharashtra MLAs 2019–2024]]
[[Category:Maharashtra MLAs 2024–2029]]
[[Category:1979 births]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:People from Nashik district]]

Mathukumilli Bharat

2026-04-20T03:16:34Z

Vilianapcm: started basic pg first draft

{{Short description|Indian educationist and politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2024}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Mathukumilli Bharat
| image = Mathukumilli Bharat at CII 30th Partnership Summit, Visakhapatnam 02.jpg
| office = [[Member of parliament, Lok Sabha|Member of the Parliament, Lok Sabha]]
| term_start = 4 June 2024
| term_end =
| predecessor = [[M. V. V. Satyanarayana]]
| constituency = [[Visakhapatnam (Lok Sabha constituency)|Visakhapatnam]]
| occupation = President [[GITAM]]
| alma_mater = [[Purdue University]] (Industrial Engineering) [[Stanford University]] ([[Master of Business Administration|M.B.A.]] and MA Joint Degree)
| party = [[Telugu Desam Party]]
| website = {{URL|https://www.gitam.edu/about/president}}
| relatives = [[Nandamuri Balakrishna]] (father-in-law) [[M. V. V. S. Murthi]] (grand father) [[Nara Lokesh]] (co-brother)
| caption =
}}

'''Mathukumilli Sribharat''' is an Indian educationist and politician who is member of [[18th Lok Sabha]] . He also serves as the President of [[Gandhi Institute of Technology and Management]] (GITAM), a private deemed university located in Visakhapatnam, Hyderabad and Bengaluru.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sribharat Mathukumilli {{!}} GITAM |url=https://www.gitam.edu/about/president |access-date=2024-04-09 |website=www.gitam.edu}}</ref> He is also the founder of Hyderabad-based Kautilya School of Public Policy that offers masters and doctoral programs in public policy.<ref>{{Cite web |title=About Us |url=https://kautilya.org.in/about-us/ |access-date=2024-04-09 |website=Master's Program in Public Policy (MPP), Kautilya School of Public Policy, Best MPP Program |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name="Businessmen {{!}} In august company">{{cite news |last1=India Today |date=13 July 2024 |title=Businessmen {{!}} In august company |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/cover-story/18th-lok-sabha-the-debutants/story/20240722-businessmen-in-august-company-2565840-2024-07-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240807175452/https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/cover-story/18th-lok-sabha-the-debutants/story/20240722-businessmen-in-august-company-2565840-2024-07-13 |archive-date=7 August 2024 |access-date=7 August 2024 |language=en}}</ref>

==Education==

Bharat holds an undergraduate degree in Industrial Engineering from Purdue University, West Lafayette, Class of 2010. He also obtained a joint MBA/MA Education degree from [[Stanford University]], Palo Alto, CA, USA, Class of 2016.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bharat Mathukumilli(TDP):Constituency- VISAKHAPATNAM(ANDHRA PRADESH) - Affidavit Information of Candidate |url=https://myneta.info/loksabha2019/candidate.php?candidate_id=4675 |access-date=2024-04-09 |website=myneta.info}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=About President |url=https://gdch.edu.in/about/president |access-date=2024-04-09 |website=gdch.edu.in}}</ref>

==Family==

He is the grandson of [[M. V. V. S. Murthi]] who is the founder of GITAM. He is married to Nandamuri Tejaswini, the younger daughter of [[Nandamuri Balakrishna]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Staff |first=T. N. M. |date=2018-10-03 |title=GITAM founder and ex-MP MVVS Murthi killed in US road accident |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/andhra-pradesh/gitam-founder-and-ex-mp-mvvs-murthi-killed-us-road-accident-89368 |access-date=2024-04-09 |website=The News Minute |language=en}}</ref>

==Politics==
[[File:Mathukumilli Bharat campaigning in 2019 (cropped).jpg|alt=Mathukumilli Bharat campaigning in 2019|thumb|Mathukumilli Bharat campaigning in 2019]]
Bharat is a member of [[Telugu Desam Party]] having contested from [[Visakhapatnam Lok Sabha constituency]] for the first time in [[2019 Indian general election|Indian General Elections 2019]]. He lost by a margin of 4414 votes in 2019.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Visakhapatnam Constituency Lok Sabha Election Result: Candidates Profiles, Map, Total Votes, Past Results {{!}} Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/lok-sabha-constituencies/andhra-pradesh/visakhapatnam |access-date=2024-04-09 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref> For the [[2024 Indian general election|2024 Indian General Elections]] he is again declared as a candidate from Vishakapatnam Lok Sabha constituency<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-03-22 |title=It's official: TDP's Sribharat to vie with Botcha Jhansi from YSRCP for Vizag MP seat |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Visakhapatnam/its-official-tdps-sribharat-to-vie-with-botcha-jhansi-from-ysrcp-for-vizag-mp-seat/article67980975.ece |access-date=2024-04-09 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> and won the election by close to 5 lakh votes.

==Election results==

===General Election 2024===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2024 Indian general elections]]: [[Visakhapatnam]]}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|party=Telugu Desam Party|candidate=[[Sribharat Mathukumilli|Mathukumilli Sribharat]]|votes=9,07,467|percentage=65.42|change={{increase}}30.53}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=YSRCP|candidate=[[Botcha Jhansi Lakshmi]]|votes=4,03,220|percentage=29.07|change={{decrease}}6.17}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Indian National Congress|candidate=Pulusu Satyanarayana Reddy|votes=30,267|percentage=2.18|change={{increase}}1.00}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Praja Shanti Party|candidate=[[K. A. Paul]]|votes=7,696|percentage=0.55|change=''N/A''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=None of the above|candidate=None of the above|votes=5,313|percentage=0.38|change={{decrease}}0.96}}
{{Election box majority|votes=5,04,247|percentage=36.35|change={{increase}}36.00}}
{{Election box turnout|votes=13,87,125|percentage=71.11|change={{increase}}3.33}}
{{Election box gain with party link
| winner =Telugu Desam Party
| loser =YSR Congress Party
| swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}
{{notelist}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Telugu politicians]]
[[Category:Politicians from Visakhapatnam]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Stanford University alumni]]
[[Category:Purdue University alumni]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:India MPs 2024–2029]]
[[Category:Telugu Desam Party politicians]]

Uttam Nagar Assembly constituency

2026-04-19T19:36:27Z

Vilianapcm: Started a stub...

{{Short description|Constituency of the Delhi legislative assembly in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2018}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Uttam Nagar
| type = SLA
| reservation = None
| constituency_no = 32
| state = [[Delhi]]
| established = 2008
| district = [[West Delhi]]
| mla = [[Pawan Sharma]]
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| latest_election_year = [[2025 Delhi Legislative Assembly election|2025]]
}}
'''Uttam Nagar Assembly constituency''' is one of the 70 [[Delhi Legislative Assembly]] constituencies of the [[National Capital Territory]] in northern [[India]].

==Overview==
Present geographical structure of Uttam Nagar constituency came into existence in 2008 as a part of the implementation of the recommendations of the Delimitation Commission of India constituted in 2002.<ref name="eci1">{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/CurrentElections/CONSOLIDATED_ORDER%20_ECI%20.pdf|title=Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 2008|publisher=The Election Commission of India|page=549}}</ref>
[[Uttam Nagar]] is part of [[West Delhi (Lok Sabha constituency)|West Delhi Lok Sabha constituency]] along with nine other Assembly segments, namely, [[Madipur (Delhi Assembly constituency)|Madipur]], [[Rajouri Garden (Delhi Assembly constituency)|Rajouri Garden]], [[Hari Nagar (Delhi Assembly constituency)|Hari Nagar]], [[Tilak Nagar (Delhi Assembly constituency)|Tilak Nagar]], [[Janakpuri (Delhi Assembly constituency)|Janakpuri]], [[Vikaspuri (Delhi Assembly constituency)|Vikaspuri]], [[Dwarka (Delhi Assembly constituency)|Dwarka]], [[Matiala (Delhi Assembly constituency)|Matiala]] and [[Najafgarh (Delhi Assembly constituency)|Najafgarh]].<ref name="eci1"/>

==Members of the Legislative Assembly==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Election
!Name
!colspan=2|Party
|-
| [[2008 Delhi Legislative Assembly election|2008]]
| [[Mukesh Sharma (Delhi politician)|Mukesh Sharma]]
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[2013 Delhi Legislative Assembly election|2013]]
| [[Pawan Sharma]]
| {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| [[2015 Delhi Legislative Assembly election|2015]]
| rowspan="2" | [[Naresh Balyan]]
| {{Full party name with color|rowspan=2|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|-
| [[2020 Delhi Legislative Assembly election|2020]]
|-
| [[2025 Delhi Legislative Assembly election|2025]]
| [[Pawan Sharma]]
| {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|}

== Election results ==
=== 2025 ===
 <section begin="Assembly Election 2020"/>
{{Election box begin | title=[[2025 Delhi Legislative Assembly election|Delhi Assembly elections, 2025]]: [[Uttam Nagar]]<ref name="Delhi Assembly Elections Results 2025 - Uttam Nagar">{{cite news |title=Delhi Assembly Elections Results 2025 - Uttam Nagar |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenFeb2025/candidateswise-U0532.htm |access-date=14 March 2025 |work= |publisher=Election Commission of India |date=8 February 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250314165938/https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenFeb2025/candidateswise-U0532.htm |archive-date=14 March 2025 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Uttam Nagar Constituency Election Results 2025">{{cite news |title=Uttam Nagar Constituency Election Results 2025 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/assembly-elections/delhi/constituency-show/uttam-nagar |access-date=14 March 2025 |publisher=The Times of India |date=8 February 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250314165945/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/assembly-elections/delhi/constituency-show/uttam-nagar |archive-date=14 March 2025 |language=en}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|party=Bharatiya Janata Party|candidate= [[Pawan Sharma]] |votes=1,03,613|percentage=52.8|change=+9.05}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party= Aam Aadmi Party|candidate=Pooja Naresh Balyan|votes=73,873|percentage=37.7|change=-16.87}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Indian National Congress|candidate=[[Mukesh Sharma (Delhi politician)|Mukesh Sharma]]|votes=15,565|percentage=7.9|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=NOTA|candidate=None of the above|votes=1,217|percentage=0.4|change=}}
{{Election box majority|votes=29,740|percentage=15.3|change=}}
{{Election box turnout|votes=1,94,876|percentage=61.9|change=-}}
{{Election box hold with party link
| winner =BJP
| loser =AAP
| swing = BJP
}}
{{Election box end}}<section end="Assembly Election 2020"/>

=== 2020 ===
 <section begin="Assembly Election 2020"/>
{{Election box begin | title=[[2020 Delhi Legislative Assembly election|Delhi Assembly elections, 2020]]: [[Uttam Nagar]]}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
| party = Aam Aadmi Party
| candidate = [[Naresh Balyan]]
| votes = 99,622
| percentage = 54.57
| change = +2.58
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Bharatiya Janata Party
| candidate = [[Krishan Gahlot]]
| votes = 79,863
| percentage = 43.75
| change = +10.17
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Rashtriya Janata Dal
| candidate = Shakti Kumar Bishnoi
| votes = 377
| percentage = 0.21
| change = New
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = None of the above
| candidate = None of the above
| votes = 838
| percentage = 0.46
| change = +0.05
}}
{{Election box majority
| votes = 19,759
| percentage = 10.82
| change = -7.60
}}
{{Election box turnout
| votes = 1,82,606
| percentage = 64.12
| change = -7.02
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
| winner = Aam Aadmi Party
| loser = Bharatiya Janata Party
| swing = +2.58
}}
{{Election box end}}<section end="Assembly Election 2020"/>

=== 2015 ===
 <section begin="Assembly Election 2015"/>
{{Election box begin | title=[[2015 Delhi Legislative Assembly election|Delhi Assembly elections, 2015]]: [[Uttam Nagar]]}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Aam Aadmi Party
| candidate = [[Naresh Balyan]]
| votes = 85,881
| percentage = 51.99
| change = +26.71
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Bharatiya Janata Party
| candidate = [[Pawan Sharma]]
| votes = 55,462
| percentage = 33.58
| change = -2.80
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Indian National Congress
| candidate = [[Mukesh Sharma (Delhi politician)|Mukesh Sharma]]
| votes = 20,703
| percentage = 12.53
| change = -19.08
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Bahujan Samaj Party
| candidate = Abdul Hamid Barshid
| votes = 884
| percentage = 0.54
| change = -0.68
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = None of the above
| candidate = None
| votes = 672
| percentage = 0.41
| change = -0.27
}}
{{Election box majority
| votes = 30,419
| percentage = 18.42
| change = +13.65
}}
{{Election box turnout
| votes = 1,65,231
| percentage = 71.14
| change =
}}
{{Election box gain with party link
| winner = Aam Aadmi Party
| loser = Bharatiya Janata Party
| swing = +26.71
}}
{{Election box end}}<section end="Assembly Election 2015"/>

=== 2013 ===
 <section begin="Assembly Election 2013"/>
{{Election box begin | title=[[2013 Delhi Legislative Assembly election|Delhi Assembly elections, 2013]]: [[Uttam Nagar]]}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Bharatiya Janata Party
| candidate = [[Pawan Sharma]]
| votes = 48,377
| percentage = 36.38
| change = -2.58
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Indian National Congress
| candidate = [[Mukesh Sharma (Delhi politician)|Mukesh Sharma]]
| votes = 42,031
| percentage = 31.61
| change = -14.42
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Aam Aadmi Party
| candidate = Desh Raj Raghav
| votes = 33,619
| percentage = 25.28
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent (politician)
| candidate = Shyam Babu Gupta
| votes = 5,272
| percentage = 3.96
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Bahujan Samaj Party
| candidate = Raja Ram
| votes = 1,626
| percentage = 1.22
| change = -3.77
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = None of the Above
| candidate = None of the Above
| votes = 1,041
| percentage = 0.78
| change =
}}
{{Election box majority
| votes = 6,346
| percentage = 4.77
| change = -2.30
}}
{{Election box turnout
| votes = 1,33,034
| percentage = 69.48
| change =
}}
{{Election box gain with party link
| winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
| loser = Indian National Congress
| swing = -2.58
}}
{{Election box end}}<section end="Assembly Election 2013"/>

=== 2008 ===
 <section begin="Assembly Election 2008"/>
{{Election box begin | title=[[2008 Delhi Legislative Assembly election|Delhi Assembly elections, 2008]]: Uttam Nagar<ref>[http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/AE2008/stats_DL_2008.pdf 2008 Election Commission of India]</ref>}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Indian National Congress
| candidate = [[Mukesh Sharma (Delhi politician)|Mukesh Sharma]]
| votes = 46,765
| percentage = 46.03
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Bharatiya Janata Party
| candidate = [[Pawan Sharma]]
| votes = 39,582
| percentage = 38.96
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Nationalist Congress Party
| candidate = Rajender Bhardwaj
| votes = 8,064
| percentage = 7.94
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Bahujan Samaj Party
| candidate = Om Prakash Jain
| votes = 5,071
| percentage = 4.99
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent (politician)
| candidate = Raj Bala
| votes = 524
| percentage = 0.52
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent (politician)
| candidate = Ramesh Kumar Jain
| votes = 386
| percentage = 0.38
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent (politician)
| candidate = Naveen Kumar
| votes = 243
| percentage = 0.24
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Samajwadi Party
| candidate = M R Sharma
| votes = 205
| percentage = 0.20
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Indian Justice Party
| candidate = Prem Chand Prajapati
| votes = 194
| percentage = 0.19
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent (politician)
| candidate = Ziley Singh
| votes = 145
| percentage = 0.14
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Rashtriya Kranti Party
| candidate = Kishan Lal Verma
| votes = 142
| percentage = 0.14
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Lok Jan Shakti Party
| candidate = Sita Sharma
| votes = 109
| percentage = 0.11
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent (politician)
| candidate = Om Bir
| votes = 94
| percentage = 0.09
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Bharatiya Pragatisheel Congress
| candidate = Shobha Kaushik
| votes = 78
| percentage = 0.08
| change =
}}
{{Election box majority
| votes = 7,183
| percentage = 7.07
| change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
| votes = 101,602
| percentage = 62.4
| change =
}}
{{Election box new seat win|
| winner = Indian National Congress
| swing =
}}
{{Election box end}} <section end="Assembly Election 2008"/>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Assembly constituencies of New Delhi}}
{{coord|28.619|77.055|display=title}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Delhi]]
[[Category:Delhi Legislative Assembly]]
[[Category:Politics of Delhi]]
[[Category:West Delhi district]]
[[Category:2008 establishments in Delhi]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 2008]]

Mukerian Assembly constituency

2026-04-14T03:29:47Z

Vilianapcm: started first info w/ infobox

{{short description|Legislative Assembly constituency in Punjab State, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2018}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Mukerian
| map_image = 39-Mukerian.svg
| mla = [[Jangi Lal Mahajan]]
| party = {{Party index link|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| alliance = {{Party index link|National Democratic Alliance}}
| latest_election_year = 2022
| state = [[Punjab, India|Punjab]]
| district = [[Mukerian district|Mukerian]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Hoshiarpur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Hoshiarpur]]
| reservation = None
| electors = {{formatnum:202924}}<ref name="electorate2022">{{cite web |url=https://www.ceopunjab.gov.in/DownLoadDocument?t=2294&l=En&q=election |title=Voter Turnout Report - General Elections to Punjab Vidhan Sabha, 2022 |publisher=Chief Election Officer, Punjab |access-date=13 March 2022}}</ref>{{update after|2027|6}}
| type = SLA
| constituency_no = 39
| established = 1951
}}

'''Mukerian Assembly constituency''' (Sl. No.: 39) is a [[Punjab Legislative Assembly]] constituency in [[Mukerian district]], [[Punjab, India|Punjab]] state, India.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://ceopunjab.nic.in/English/Elections/SE/List%20Of%20AC%20Name.pdf|title= List of Punjab Assembly Constituencies|accessdate= 19 July 2016|url-status= dead|archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20160423033326/http://ceopunjab.nic.in/english/Elections/SE/List%20Of%20AC%20Name.pdf|archivedate= 23 April 2016}}</ref>
Illegal mining, drugs and [[2020 Indian agriculture acts|3 farm laws]] were the major issues in the constituency in 2022 elections.<ref>{{cite news |title=Illegal mining, drugs major issues |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/punjab/illegal-mining-drugs-major-issues-361606 |access-date=10 February 2022 |work=Tribuneindia News Service |language=en |archive-date=10 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220210123846/https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/punjab/illegal-mining-drugs-major-issues-361606 |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Year
!Member
!colspan="2"|Party
|-
|[[1992 Punjab Legislative Assembly election|1992]]
| Dr.Kewal Krishan
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[1997 Punjab Legislative Assembly election|1997]]
| Arunesh Kumar
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janta Party}}
|-
|[[2002 Punjab Legislative Assembly election|2002]]
| Dr.Kewal Krishan
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[2007 Punjab Legislative Assembly election|2007]]
| Arunesh Kumar
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janta Party}}
|-
|[[2012 Punjab Legislative Assembly election|2012]]
| rowspan=2|[[Rajnish Kumar Babbi]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=3}}
|-
|[[2017 Punjab Legislative Assembly election|2017]]
|-
|2019{{efn|bypoll due to the death of Rajnish Kumar Babbi}}
|[[Indu Bala]]
|-
|[[2022 Punjab Legislative Assembly election|2022]]
|[[Jangi Lal Mahajan]]
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=1}}
|}
{{noteslist}}

== Election results ==
=== 2022 ===
 <section begin="Assembly Election 2022"/>
{{Election box begin | title=[[2022 Punjab Legislative Assembly election|Punjab Assembly election, 2022]]: Mukerian }}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|candidate = [[Jangi Lal Mahajan]]
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes = {{formatnum:41044}}
|percentage = 28.64
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Aam Aadmi Party|candidate=Prof. Gurdhian Singh Multani|votes={{formatnum:38353}}|percentage=26.76|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Indian National Congress|candidate=Indu Bala|votes={{formatnum:28989}}|percentage=20.23|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Shiromani Akali Dal|candidate=Sarbjot Singh|votes={{formatnum:28984}}|percentage=20.23|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=[[None of the above]]|party=None of the above|votes=851|percentage=0.4|change=}}
{{Election box majority||votes=2,691|percentage=1.88|change=}}
{{Election box turnout||votes={{formatnum:143300}}|percentage=68.9|change=}}
{{Election box registered electors
|reg. electors = {{formatnum:208063}}
|ref=<ref name="Punjab Election 2022">{{cite web |title=Punjab General Legislative Election 2022 |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/14165-punjab-general-legislative-election-2022/ |website=Election Commission of India |access-date=18 May 2022 |archive-date=3 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240303172412/https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/14165-punjab-general-legislative-election-2022/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2019 bypoll ===
A by-poll was needed due to the death of sitting MLA Rajnish Kumar Babbi.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chandigarh/congress-mla-from-mukerian-rajnish-kumar-babbi-passes-away/articleshow/70853598.cms |title=Chandigarh: Congress MLA Rajnish Kumar Babbi passes away |date=27 Aug 2019 |agency=PTI |publisher=[[Times of India]] |access-date=29 December 2021 |archive-date=29 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211229061245/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chandigarh/congress-mla-from-mukerian-rajnish-kumar-babbi-passes-away/articleshow/70853598.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>
{{Election box begin | title=2019 by-poll: Mukerian<ref name=tribune>{{cite web |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/archive/punjab/indu-bala-wins-mukerian-seat-with-slender-margin-851769 |title=Indu Bala wins Mukerian seat with slender margin |publisher=[[The Tribune (Chandigarh)|The Tribune]] |date=25 October 2019 |author=Sanjeev Bakshi |access-date=29 December 2021 |archive-date=29 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211229044523/https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/archive/punjab/indu-bala-wins-mukerian-seat-with-slender-margin-851769 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="By-election results 2019: List of winners in 51 Assembly and Satara, Samastipur">{{cite news |last1=Zee News |title=By-election results 2019: List of winners in 51 Assembly and Satara, Samastipur |url=https://zeenews.india.com/india/by-election-results-2019-list-of-winners-in-51-assembly-and-satara-samastipur-2241916.html |accessdate=9 January 2024 |date=25 October 2019 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240109071426/https://zeenews.india.com/india/by-election-results-2019-list-of-winners-in-51-assembly-and-satara-samastipur-2241916.html |archivedate=9 January 2024 |language=en}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|candidate = Indu Bala
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = {{formatnum:53910}}
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=[[Jangi Lal Mahajan]]|party=Bharatiya Janata Party|votes={{formatnum:50470}}|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=GS Multani|party=Aam Aadmi Party|votes={{formatnum:8261}}|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Gurvatan Singh Multani|party=Shiromani Akali Dal (Amritsar)|votes={{formatnum:1286}}|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box candidate|
|candidate = Arjun
|party = Hindustan Shakti Sena
|votes = {{formatnum:558}}
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Amandeep Ghotra|party=Independent (politician)|votes={{formatnum:268}}|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=[[None of the above]]|party=None of the above|votes={{formatnum:879}}|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box majority||votes={{formatnum:3440}}|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box registered electors
|reg. electors = {{formatnum:}}
|ref=
}}
{{Election box end}}<section end="Assembly Election 2022"/>

=== 2017 ===
 <section begin="Assembly Election 2017"/> <section end="Assembly Election 2017"/>
{{Election box begin | title=[[2017 Punjab Legislative Assembly election|Punjab Assembly election, 2017]]: Mukerian<ref name=election2017>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3614-punjab-general-legislative-election-2017/ |title=Punjab General Legislative Election 2017 |author=Election Commission of India |access-date=26 June 2021 |archive-date=6 November 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211106164612/https://eci.gov.in/files/file/3614-punjab-general-legislative-election-2017/ |url-status=live }}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|candidate = Rajnish Kumar Babbi
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = {{formatnum:56787}}
|percentage = 41.80
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Arunesh Kumar
|party = Bharatiya Janta Party
|votes = {{formatnum:33661}}
|percentage = 24.80
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Jangi Lal Mahajan
|party = Independent
|votes = {{formatnum:20542}}
|percentage = 15.1
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Sulakhan Singh
|party = Aam Aadmi Party
|votes = {{formatnum:17005}}
|percentage = 12.5
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = [[None of the above]]
|party = None of the above
|votes = {{formatnum:1018}}
|percentage = 0.5
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = {{formatnum:23126}}
|percentage = 17.1
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = {{formatnum:134883}}
|percentage = 70.7
|change =
}}
{{Election box registered electors
|reg. electors = {{formatnum:192217}}
|ref=<ref name=electors2017>{{cite web |url=http://ceopunjab.nic.in/English/Elections/SE/VS2017/D03-Electors%20and%20Polling%20Stations%20VS%202017.pdf |title=Electors and Polling Stations - VS 2017 |author=Chief Electoral Officer - Punjab |access-date=24 June 2021 |archive-date=10 January 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200110074310/http://ceopunjab.nic.in/English/Elections/SE/VS2017/D03-Electors%20and%20Polling%20Stations%20VS%202017.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>
}}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
* [[List of constituencies of the Punjab Legislative Assembly]]
* [[Hoshiarpur district]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{cite web |title=Record of all Punjab Assembly Election results |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/category/86-punjab/ |website=eci.gov.in |publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date=14 March 2022}}
{{Assembly constituencies of Punjab}}
{{coord|31.95|75.62|display=title}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Punjab, India]]
[[Category:Hoshiarpur district]]
[[Category:Politics of Punjab, India]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1951]]
[[Category:1951 establishments in East Punjab]]

Papineni Sivasankar

2026-04-09T09:47:08Z

Vilianapcm: Created new pg!

{{Short description|Writer and literary critic (born 1953)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2020}}
{{Infobox writer
| name = Dr. Papineni Sivasankar
| image = Papineni_Sivasankar.jpg
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1953|11|06|df=yes}}
| occupation = Poet, short story writer, literary critic
| alma_mater = [[Andhra University]]
| notableworks = {{Unbulleted list |''Rajani Gandha''|''Matti Gunde''|''Sahityam-Moulika Bhavanalu''|''Talli! Ninnu Dalanchi''}}
| spouse = Gruha Lakshni
| children = Srujana, Spandana
}}
'''Dr. Papineni Sivasankar''' (born 1953), a doyen of Modern Literature in [[Telugu language|Telugu]], recipient of [[Sahitya Akademi Award]], 2016<ref>{{cite web |url=http://sahitya-akademi.gov.in/sahitya-akademi/awards/akademi%20samman_suchi.jsp#TELUGU |title=Akademi Awards (1955-2015) |website=Sahitya Akademi |access-date=20 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304084937/http://sahitya-akademi.gov.in/sahitya-akademi/awards/akademi%20samman_suchi.jsp#TELUGU |archive-date=2016-03-04 |url-status=dead}}</ref> is an Indian poet, short story writer, and critic.

He has published 52 books, including seven poetry collections, three short story collections, ten essay collections, and edited 40 anthologies. His poetry collections and short story collections were translated into other languages such as [[English language |English]], [[Hindi]], [[Punjabi language|Panjabi]], [[Tamil language|Tamil]], [[Kannada]], and [[Malayalam]].

His notable works are ''Rajani Gandha'' (2013), ''Matti Gunde'' (Heart of the Soil), ''Sahityam-Moulika Bhavanalu'' (Literature-Basic Concepts), ''Talli! Ninnu Dalanchi'' and ''Veda Vyasam''.

== Early life and career ==
Sivasankar was born on Vijaya Dipavali in 1953 in Nekkallu village, Guntur district, Andhra Pradesh, India, to Venkata Krishnarao, a farmer, and Santamma, a homemaker. He completed his schooling at K.V.R. Z.P.H. School, Tulluru. He studied at JKC College, Guntur, where he earned a B.A. degree and stood first in Andhra University, receiving the Prabhala Sundararamayya Pantulu Gold Medal in 1974. He obtained his M.A. in 1976 from Andhra University, Nallapadu branch, and was awarded the Telikicherla Venkataratnam Gold Medal. His Ph.D. thesis, ''Sahityam – Moulika Bhavanalu'', was awarded the Tumati Donappa Gold Medal for the best thesis by Acharya Nagarjuna University in 1989.

He married Gruha Lakshmi in 1977, and the couple have two daughters, Srujana and Spandana. He joined B.S.S.B. College, Tadikonda, as a Telugu lecturer in 1977 and retired as principal of the college in 2010.

== Literary works ==
Beginning with ''Stabdhata-Chalanam'' (1984) Sivasankar published seven poetry collections among which the award-winning ''Rajani Gandha'' (2013) is significant. Dr. Papineni's greatness as a poet lies in his vibrant expression, fertile imagination, grandeur of thought and finest human sensibility. His first poem free verse ''Cheekati nundi Vekuvaku'' was published in Dipavali Special issue of [[Andhra Jyothi]] in 1981. His first short story ''Kalupu Mokka'' was published in the weekly ''Prajatantra'' in April 1977. The short story ''Mattigunde'' was acclaimed as one of the 100 best short stories of the 20th century. ''Samudram'' is noted as a unique narrative experiment in the second person, dealing with the decline of human intellectual succession.

Dr. Papineni published three short story collections. His short fiction reflects the struggles of farmers, the impact of globalization on rural life, and broader human anxieties. He also published five books of literary criticism, including''Sahityam-Moulika Bhavanalu''. As a critic, Sivasankar evaluated the merits of the classical poetry in Telugu. With his insights in sociological theories he evolved many a concept like ''Avicchinnata'' (Continuity), ''Nisargata'' (Spontaneity), ''Parayitanam'' (Alienation) to analyze modern [[Telugu literature]].

In an extensive interview with Dr. C. Mrunalini Sivasankar revealed his exploration in Telugu literature and social culture as well. <ref> {{cite AV media| url-status = live| archive-url = https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211208/F1oWms_Bt5M| archive-date = 2021-12-08| url = https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F1oWms_Bt5M| title = Writer Papineni Sivasankar Exclusive Interview {{!}} Akshara Yathra With Mrunalini #35 {{!}} iDream Movies | website=[[YouTube]]}} {{cbignore}} </ref>

== Awards and Accolades ==
* The [[Sahitya Akademi Award]], 2016 for his poetry collection ''Rajani Gandha''<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-andhrapradesh/Sivasankar-wins-Sahitya-Akademi-award/article16922968.ece | title=Sivasankar wins Sahitya Akademi award | date=22 December 2016 | newspaper=The Hindu | accessdate=22 February 2020}}</ref>
* Free Verse Front Award, Hyderabad, 16 December 1985
* Dr. Garikapati Kavita Puraskaram, Rajahmundry, 09 May 1991
* Jyeshta Sahithi Award, Visakhapatnam, 26 June 1993
* Ummidisetty Award, Tadipatri, 1993
* Dr. [[C. Narayana Reddy]] Award, Karimnagar, 26 August 1999
* [[Telugu University]] Vachana Kavitha Puraskaram (1999), Hyderabad, 30 December 2000 <ref>{{cite web |url=http://teluguuniversity.ac.in/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/SahitiPuraskaralu.pdf |title=Sahiti Puraskaralu |website=teluguuniversity.ac.in |access-date=20 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170909091244/http://teluguuniversity.ac.in/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/SahitiPuraskaralu.pdf |archive-date=2017-09-09 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
* Nutalapati Literary Award, Tirupathi, 15 November 2000
* Nagabhairava Kalapeetham Award, Ongole, 25 January 2002
* Andhra Pradesh Adhikara Bhasha Puraskaram, Tirupati, 28 May 2003
* Andhra Pradesh State Best Teacher Award, 05 September 2003
* Akashvani National First Prize (2004) for 'Chivari Picchika', Trivendram, 05 September 2005
* Viswakalapeetham Snehanidhi Puraskaram, Hyderabad, 01 January 2006
* Visalandhra-Sunkara Sahithi Satkaram, Ongole, 15 September 2006
* Dr. Kethu Viswanatha Reddy Katha Puraskaram, Nandaluru, 13 July 2008
* Dr. Avamtsa Soma Sundar Kavitha Puraskaram, Pithapuram, 18 November 2010
* Andhra Nataka Kala Samithi Award, Bezawada, 18 April 2012
* Navyandhra Rashtra Ugadi Visishta Puraskaram, Anantavaram, 2015
* Srujana Sahithi Puraskaram, Addanki, 16 August 2015
* Devarakonda Balagangadhara Tilak Puraskaram, Tanuku, 29 August 2015
* Bollimuntha Sahithi Satkaram, Tenali, 2017
* Bharathi Samithi Puraskaram, Gudivada, 12 February 2017
* G.S.V. Sahitee Puraskaram, Tanuku, 2017
* Best National Poet honor by Prasara Bharati, Varanasi, 12 January 2017
* Viswadaata Kasinathuni NageswaraRao Pantulu Award, Elakurru, 08 May 2017
* Pucchalapalli Sundarayya Kala Puraskaram, Yadlapadu, 19 May 2017
* Mahakavi Jashua Award, Guntur, 2017
* Mahakavi Tummala Kalapeetham Puraskaram, Guntur, 16 December 2019
* Addepalli RamaMohanaRao Vimarsa Puraskaram, Kakinada, 11 December 2021
* HanumaReddy Sahitee Puraskaram, Ongolu, 24 April 2022
* Jashua Sahitee Puraskaram, Guntur, 27 September 2022
* Kaviraju Tripuraneni Ramaswamy Puraskaram, Guntur, 09 January 2023
*Ravi Sastry Puraskaram, Visakhapatnam, 30 July 2024
* Katha Deepa Dhaari Puraskaram, Hyderabad, 15 March 2026

== Bibliography ==
* Stabdhata-Chalanam (Free Verse) (1984)
* Oka Saaramsam Kosam (Free Verse) (1990)
* Mattigunde (Short Stories) (1992)
* Sahityam-Moulika Bhavanalu (Research Thesis) (1996)
* Aku Pacchani Lokamlo (Free Verse) (1998)
* Oka Khadgam Oka Pushpam (Free Verse) (2004)
* Sagam Terichina Talupu (Short Stories) (2008)
* Nisanta (Critical Essays) (2008)
* Talli! Ninnu Dalanchi (Commentary on Classical Poetry) (2012)
* Rajani Gandha (Free verse) (2013)
* Dravadhuikata (Social Critique) (2015)
* Maha Swapnikudu (Essays on Sri Sri) (2016)
* Veda Vyasam (Critique on Maharshi Veda Vyasa) (2019)
* Ankura (Padya Kavita) (2019)
* Nisarga (Critical Essays) (2019)
* Adarsa Moortulu (Children Stories) (2019)
* Maa Gokhale (Monograph) (2021)
* Sarala Rekhalu (Short Stories) 2022
* Loyaloo Sikharaaloo (Free Verse) 2022
* Tikkana (Monograph) 2025

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== Further reading ==
* Oka Anveshi, Konni Alochanalu, Interview in Andhra Jyothy Daily, 09-01-2017. Retrieved 20 August 2018.
* Darbhasayanam Srinivasacharya, ''Srujana Maha Drudham, Ati Mrudulam'', An article in Sakshi Daily, 26-12-2016. Retrieved 20 August 2018.
* Rajanigandha, Collection of Poems, 2013. https://www.anandbooks.com/Rajanigandha. Retrieved 20 August 2018.
* Sahityam-Moulika Bhavanalu. http://www.anandbooks.com/Sahityam-Moulika%20Bhavanalu. Retrieved 20 August 2018.
* Talli! Ninnu Dalanchi. http://kinige.com/book/Tallee+Ninnu+Dalanchi. Retrieved 20 August 2018.
* Anveshana, Collection of essays on Papineni Literature, 21 February 2019.

[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F1oWms_Bt5M]
{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sivasankar, Papineni}}
[[Category:Telugu poets]]
[[Category:Indian poets]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian poets]]
[[Category:1953 births]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Sahitya Akademi Award in Telugu]]

Pulok Mukherjee

2026-04-07T21:23:13Z

Vilianapcm: Created a stub!

{{Multiple issues|
{{Autobiography|date=March 2026}}
{{Primary sources|date=March 2026}}
{{Resume-like|date=March 2026}}
{{notability|date = March 2026}}}}
{{short description|Indian scientist (born 1968)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2019}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Pulok K Mukherjee
| honorific_prefix =
| honorific_suffix = PhD, FRSC, FNASc
| image = Photo- Pulok Kumar Mukherjee.jpg
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|12 December 1968}}
| birth_place = [[Sandhipur, West Bengal]], India
| alma_mater = Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India; Leiden University, The Netherlands
| organization = Institute of Life Sciences; Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development; Jadavpur University
| known_for =
| awards =
| honours = FRSC; FNASc; FNAAS; FAScT
| website = https://www.pulokmukherjee.com/
}}

'''Pulok Kumar Mukherjee''' is an Indian scientist, who is currently an associate professor at the School of Natural Product Studies in [[Jadavpur University]], Kolkata State, India.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Profile of Pulok Mukherjee in Jadavpur University Website |url=https://jadavpuruniversity.in/faculty-profile/pulok-mukherjee/}}</ref> He is also an associate editor of the ''[[Journal of Ethnopharmacology]]''.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Details of Pulok Kumar Mukherjee in National Academy of Agricultural Sciences website |url=https://naas.org.in/detail.php?id=760}}</ref> He previously held director positions at the [[Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development]] and the [[Institute of Life Sciences, India]].

==Biography==
Mukherjee obtained a Masters and a PhD in [[Pharmacy]] from [[Jadavpur University]], Kolkata. He then attended the Leiden/Amsterdam Center for Drug Research in the Netherlands as a [[postdoctoral researcher]].<ref name=":2" />

Mukherjee is a former president of the [[International Society for Ethnopharmacology]], and a founding member of the Society for Ethnopharmacology in India.<ref name=":2" />

==Awards==

* [[Fellow]] of the National Academy of Agricultural Sciences, India (FNAAS)<ref name=":0" />
* [[Fellow]] of the National Academy of Science, India (FNASc)<ref name=":0" />
* NASI - Reliance Industries Platinum Jubilee Award<ref name=":0" />
* [[Fellow]] of the Royal Society of Chemistry, UK (FRSC)<ref name=":0" />
* DBT-TATA Innovation Fellowship Award, from Department of Biotechnology, Government of India, New Delhi. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Jadavpur University Faculty of Engineering & Technology : Awards And Honors – Part 2 |url=https://jadavpuruniversity.in/academic/faculty-of-engineering-technology-awards-and-honors-part-2/}}</ref>
* Birbal Sahni Birth Century Gold Medal Award<ref name=":0" />
* [[Fellow]] of West Bengal Academy of Science & Technology, India (FWAST)
* Commonwealth Academic Staff Fellowship Award<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Jadavpur University Interdisciplinary schools : Awards And Honors |url=https://jadavpuruniversity.in/academic/interdisciplinary-schools-awards-and-honors/}}</ref>
* Biotechnology Overseas, Award from Department of Biotechnology, Government of India, New Delhi.<ref name=":0" />
* Best Pharmaceutical Scientist of the year from the Association of Pharmaceutical Teachers’ of India<ref name=":0" />
* Young Pharmacy Teacher Award-2002, from Association of Pharmacy Teachers of India <ref name=":1" />
* DST BOYSCAST fellowship [[Department of Science and Technology (India)|Department of Science and Technology]], Govt of India<ref name=":1" />

==References==
{{Reflist}}
==External links==
*{{GoogleScholar|dCO0CnoAAAAJ}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Mukherjee, Pulok}}
[[Category:1968 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Academics of King's College London]]
[[Category:Academics of the University of London]]
[[Category:Academic staff of Jadavpur University]]
[[Category:Fellows of the Royal Society of Chemistry]]
[[Category:Medical doctors from Kolkata]]

Suravaram Pratap Reddy Telugu University

2026-04-05T07:27:06Z

Vilianapcm: Started stub

{{Short description|Language university in Hyderabad, Telangana}}
{{More citations needed|date=April 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2015}}
{{Infobox university
| name = Suravaram Pratap Reddy Telugu University
| image = 
| image_size = 200px
| image_alt =
| caption =
| latin_name =
| other_name =
| former_name =
| motto =
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| type = [[Public university|Public]]
| established = {{start date and age|1985}}
| closed =
| founder = [[N. T. Rama Rao]]
| parent =
| affiliation =
| religious_affiliation =
| academic_affiliation = [[University Grants Commission (India)|UGC]]
| endowment =
| budget =
| officer_in_charge =
| chairman =
| chairperson =
| chancellor = [[Governor of Telangana]]
| president =
| vice-president =
| superintendent =
| provost =
| vice_chancellor = V. Nityananda Rao
| rector =
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| students =
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| other =
| address = Lalitha Kala Kshetram, Near Public Gardens, Nampally
| city = [[Hyderabad, India|Hyderabad]]
| state = [[Telangana]]
| province =
| country = India
| postcode =
| coordinates = {{coord|17.3953268|N|78.4696378|E|region:LK_type:edu|display=inline}}
| pushpin_map =
| campus = Urban
| language =
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| website = https://teluguuniversity.ac.in/
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}}

'''Suravaram Pratap Reddy Telugu University''' ('''SPTU'''), formerly '''Potti Sreeramulu Telugu University''' ('''PSTU'''), is a [[public]] [[state university]] in [[Hyderabad]], [[Telangana]], India. It is one of the few Indian language universities in [[India]].

==University==
[[File:Telugu_University_Auditorium.jpg|thumb|Telugu University Auditorium during the Philosophy of Indian Management and Ethical Values Seminar]]
It was established as "Telugu University" on 2 December 1985 through an Act of Legislation by the State Legislature of Telangana with headquarters at [[Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh|Hyderabad]]. The School of Folk and Tribal Lore was established at [[Warangal]] during the year 1994. This university was founded with the broad objectives of serving the cause of the [[Telugu people]], both within the State and outside. For this purpose, the state government has merged the [[Sahitya Akademi|Sahitya]], [[Music of India|Sangeet]], [[Nataka]], [[Nritya]], and Lalita Kala Academies, [[International Telugu Institute]], and Telugu Bhasha Samiti into the university. Thus, the university was established to function as a central organization for teaching and research in Language and Literature, History and Culture, Fine Arts and Performing Arts, religion and philosophy of the Telugu speaking people. It strives to inculcate a sense of identity in them as citizens of India and as responsible representatives of [[Telangana]]. In March 2025, a bill was passed to rename the university Suravaram Pratap Reddy Telugu University, after [[Suravaram Pratapa Reddy]], a [[freedom fighter]] from Telangana.<ref>{{cite news |title=Telangana Assembly Passes Bill to Rename Telugu University After Suravaram Pratap Reddy |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/telangana-assembly-passes-bill-to-rename-telugu-university-after-suravaram-pratap-reddy-7945068 |access-date=9 April 2025 |date=17 March 2025 |work=NDTV |agency=Indo-Asian News Service}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Rajeev |first=M. |date=2025-03-17 |title=Telangana renames PSR Telugu University as Suravaram Pratapa Reddy university |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/telangana/telangana-renames-psr-telugu-university-as-suravaram-pratapa-reddy-university/article69340188.ece |access-date=2025-08-03 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

==Campuses==
There are two campuses of Telugu University in Telangana:
*Lalita Kalatoranam, [[Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh|Hyderabad]]
*Potana Pranganam, [[Warangal]]

==Library==
Telugu University Library is established in the year 1985 in [[Osmania University]] campus. It has a Campus library at Warangal. Library contains various titles on the subjects like Telugu language, literature, Linguistics, Fine arts, Astrology, Journalism, Culture, Folk arts.

The Central library has equipped with rich collection consisting of about 100,000 books among which 55,000 are Telugu, 43,000 English and 5000 of other Indian languages. It subscribes to about 150 subject journals in Telugu and English. Library is also maintaining about 10,000 back volumes of various journals. The library has acquired rare and unique collection of Palm leaves, Mackenzie manuscripts, letters of [[C. P. Brown]], microfilms of Telugu dailies [[Krishna Patrika]] for 40 years (1902–1942), and [[Andhra Patrika]] for 26 years (1914–1940).

The university has an invaluable collection of books received by donations/purchase of personal collection of social elites/eminent scholars as a collection development policy. The donors included Mudigonda Subrahmanya Sarma, Seetapati, Mallela Sriramamurti, [[Kosaraju Raghavaiah]], M. V. Rajgopal, Thumati Donappa, Vasireddy Seeta Devi, V. Raja Rao, Mateti Ramappa, P. N. V. Rao, Puranam Subrahmanya Sarma, K. Venkateswara Rao, [[Abburi Chaya Devi]], K. Venkata Ramaraju, Tenneti Purnachandra Rao, Gayatri Rama Rao and Bommakanti Srinivasacharyulu. Libraries purchased from individuals are Nelaturu Venkata Ramanaiah, [[Mallampalli Somasekhara Sarma]], P. S. R. Appa Rao, [[Rayaprolu Subba Rao]], Kothapalli Veerabhadra Rao, P. V. Parabrahmha Sastri and N. S. Sundareswara Rao.

==Museum==
Telugu University Museum has three galleries. The History gallery has 52 oil paintings. The Contemporary Art gallery has 124 canvas paintings by eminent artists. The Portrait gallery displays 220 portraits of Telugu luminaries in various fields and 211 Nataratnas, distinguished stage artists. {{cn|date=April 2026}}

==Official magazine==
Telugu University is Publishing "Telugu Vaani", a Tri-Monthly Magazine. The Magazine covers news regarding Festivals of Fine Arts, Cultural Programmes, Seminars and other activities of university and its Campuses. It publishes the news of various programmes conducted by Telugu Associations within and outside Andhra Pradesh.

== See also ==
* [[Kannada University]]
* [[Tamil University]]
* [[Thunchath Ezhuthachan Malayalam University|Malayalam University]]
* [[Punjabi University]]
* [[World Telugu Conference]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Potti Sreeramulu Telugu University}}
*[http://www.teluguuniversity.ac.in Official Website of Potti Sreeramulu Telugu University]

{{Portal bar|Hyderabad|Education}}

{{Universities in Telangana}}
{{Universities and colleges in Andhra Pradesh}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Educational institutions established in 1985]]
[[Category:Universities in Hyderabad, India]]
[[Category:Language education in India]]
[[Category:1985 establishments in Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:State universities in Telangana]]

List of Chennai Super Kings cricketers

2026-03-27T12:07:38Z

Vilianapcm: improved article

{{Short description|none}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2019}}
The [[Chennai Super Kings]] (abbreviated as "CSK") is a franchise [[cricket]] team based in [[Chennai]], [[Tamil Nadu]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cricket/teams/chennai-super-kings-1108|title=Chennai Super Kings|work=[[The Hindustan Times]]|access-date=1 December 2023|archive-date=30 November 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231130174230/https://www.hindustantimes.com/cricket/teams/chennai-super-kings-1108|url-status=live}}</ref> The team competes in the [[Indian Premier League]] (IPL) and was one of the eight franchises incorporated when the league was established in 2008.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/ipl-announces-franchise-owners-333193|title=Big business and Bollywood grab stakes in IPL|date=24 January 2008|access-date=6 June 2013|work=ESPNcricinfo|archive-date=18 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418005531/https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/ipl-announces-franchise-owners-333193|url-status=live}}</ref> It is currently captained by [[Ruturaj Gaikwad]] and coached by [[Stephen Fleming]].<ref>{{cite news|date=21 March 2024|title=Dhoni steps down as CSK captain; Ruturaj Gaikwad to lead Chennai Super Kings in IPL 2024|url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/cricket/ipl/ipl-news/dhoni-captain-csk-thala-skipper-ruturaj-gaikwad-indian-cricket-news/article67975712.ece|access-date=21 March 2024|work=[[Sportstar]]|archive-date=21 March 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240321104526/https://sportstar.thehindu.com/cricket/ipl/ipl-news/dhoni-captain-csk-thala-skipper-ruturaj-gaikwad-indian-cricket-news/article67975712.ece|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/fleming-likely-to-coach-chennai-super-kings-376920|title=Fleming likely to coach Super Kings|date=4 November 2008|access-date=1 December 2023|work=ESPNcricinfo|archive-date=19 June 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240619043308/https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/fleming-likely-to-coach-chennai-super-kings-376920|url-status=live}}</ref>

The Super Kings is the joint-most successful IPL franchise, having won five IPL titles (along with [[Mumbai Indians]]).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.crictracker.com/ipl-winners-and-runners-list/|title=IPL winners and runners-up|work=Crictracker|access-date=1 December 2023|archive-date=11 January 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240111060225/https://www.crictracker.com/ipl-winners-and-runners-list/|url-status=live}}</ref> In the IPL, it has appeared in a 10 finals and qualified for the playoff stages 12 times, the most amongst the IPL teams.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://olympics.com/en/news/indian-premier-league-ipl-playoffs-chennai-super-kings-csk-record|title=How many times have CSK made IPL playoffs|work=[[Olympics.com]]|access-date=1 June 2024|archive-date=28 May 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240528025049/https://olympics.com/en/news/indian-premier-league-ipl-playoffs-chennai-super-kings-csk-record|url-status=live}}</ref> The franchise has also won the [[Champions League Twenty20]] twice in [[2010 Champions League Twenty20|2010]] and [[2014 Champions League Twenty20|2014]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/records/trophy/team-series-results/champions-league-twenty20-120|title=Results of Champions league T20|work=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=1 December 2023|archive-date=19 June 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240619044308/https://www.espncricinfo.com/records/trophy/team-series-results/champions-league-twenty20-120|url-status=live}}</ref> In January 2022, CSK became India's first [[Unicorn (finance)|unicorn]] sports enterprise.<ref>{{cite news|title=Chennai Super Kings Becomes India's First Unicorn Sports Enterprise; Surpasses Market Cap of Parent Entity|url=https://www.news18.com/cricketnext/news/chennai-super-kings-becomes-indias-first-unicorn-sports-enterprise-surpasses-market-cap-of-parent-entity-4714547.html|access-date=31 January 2022|work=[[News18]]|archive-date=31 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220131010333/https://www.news18.com/cricketnext/news/chennai-super-kings-becomes-indias-first-unicorn-sports-enterprise-surpasses-market-cap-of-parent-entity-4714547.html|url-status=live}}</ref> As of 2022, it was the second most valuable IPL franchise with a valuation of $1.15 billion.<ref>{{cite news|last=Ozanian|first=Mike|title=Indian Premier League Valuations: Cricket Now Has A Place Among World's Most Valuable Sports Teams|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/mikeozanian/2022/04/26/indian-premier-league-valuations-cricket-now-has-a-place-among-worlds-most-valuable-sports-teams/|access-date=29 May 2023| work=[[Forbes]]|archive-date=7 May 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220507153431/https://www.forbes.com/sites/mikeozanian/2022/04/26/indian-premier-league-valuations-cricket-now-has-a-place-among-worlds-most-valuable-sports-teams/|url-status=live}}</ref>

== Players ==
Sorted by debut followed by alphabetically. Statistical information solely from the Indian Premier League (IPL).
{{table alignment}}
{|class="wikitable sortable defaultcenter col2left col5left" style="font-size: 85%"
|+List of players<ref>{{cite web |title=Indian Premier League Trophy individual most matches career |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/records/trophy/individual-most-matches-career/indian-premier-league-117?team=4343 |access-date=1 June 2024 |work=ESPNcricinfo }}</ref>
|-
! scope="col" colspan=6 class="unsortable"| General
! scope="col" colspan=7 class="unsortable" | [[Batting (cricket)|Batting]]
! scope="col" colspan=8 class="unsortable" | [[Bowling (cricket)|Bowling]]
! scope="col" colspan=2 class="unsortable" | [[Fielding (cricket)|Fielding]]
|-
! scope="col"| No.
! scope="col"| Name
! scope="col"| Debut
! scope="col"| {{tooltip|Last|Last match}}
! scope="col"| Country
! scope="col"| Matches
! scope="col"| Innings
! scope="col"| Runs
! scope="col"| {{tooltip|HS|Highest Score}}
! scope="col"| [[Batting average (cricket)|Avg]]
! scope="col"| [[Strike rate|SR]]
! scope="col"| [[Century (cricket)|50s]]
! scope="col"| [[Century (cricket)|100s]]
! scope="col"| Innings
! scope="col"| Overs
! scope="col"| [[Wicket (dismissal)|Wkts]]
! scope="col"| [[List of cricket terms#B|BBI]]
! scope="col"| [[Bowling average|Avg]]
! scope="col"| [[Economy rate|ER]]
! scope="col"| [[Strike rate|SR]]
! scope="col"| {{tooltip|5w|Five wickets in an innings}}
! scope="col"| [[Caught (cricket)|Ct]]
! scope="col"| [[Stumped|St]]
|-
! 1
| [[Mahendra Singh Dhoni]]
| 2008
| 2025
| {{cr|IND}}
| 248
| 215
| 4865
| 84*
| 39.23
| 139.12
| 22
| —
| —
| —
| —
| —
| —
| —
| —
| —
| 137
| 39
|-
! 2
| [[Jacob Oram]]
| 2008
| 2009
| {{cr|NZ}}
| 15
| 11
| 106
| 41*
| 15.14
| 100.95
| —
| —
| 11
| 31.3
| 8
| 3/32
| 35.25
| 8.95
| 23.6
| —
| 8
| —
|-
! 3
| [[Joginder Sharma]]
| 2008
| 2011
| {{cr|IND}}
| 16
| 6
| 36
| 16*
| 9.00
| 120.00
| —
| —
| 15
| 42.4
| 12
| 2/27
| 34.90
| 9.82
| 21.3
| —
| 5
| —
|-
! 4
| [[Manpreet Gony]]
| 2008
| 2010
| {{cr|IND}}
| 26
| 9
| 50
| 15*
| 12.50
| 138.88
| —
| —
| 26
| 85.0
| 23
| 3/34
| 30.73
| 8.31
| 22.1
| —
| 5
| —
|-
! 5
| [[Matthew Hayden]]
| 2008
| 2010
| {{cr|AUS}}
| 32
| 32
| 1107
| 93
| 36.90
| 137.51
| 8
| —
| —
| —
| —
| —
| —
| —
| —
| —
| 11
| —
|-
! 6
| [[Michael Hussey]]
| 2008
| 2015
| {{cr|AUS}}
| 50
| 49
| 1768
| 116*
| 42.09
| 123.63
| 13
| 1
| —
| —
| —
| —
| —
| —
| —
| —
| 23
| —
|-
! 7
|[[Muttiah Muralitharan]]
| 2008
| 2010
| {{cr|SL}}
| 40
| 6
| 9
| 4
| 2.25
| 69.23
| —
| —
| 40
| 156.0
| 40
| 3/11
| 24.85
| 6.37
| 23.4
| —
| 11
| —
|-
! 8
| [[Palani Amarnath]]
| 2008
| 2008
| {{cr|IND}}
| 6
| —
| —
| —
| —
| —
| —
| —
| 6
| 22.0
| 7
| 2/29
| 33.71
| 10.72
| 18.8
| —
| 2
| —
|-
! 9
| [[Parthiv Patel]]
| 2008
| 2010
| {{cr|IND}}
| 26
| 26
| 516
| 57
| 21.50
| 102.78
| 3
| —
| —
| —
| —
| —
| —
| —
| —
| —
| 9
| 2
|-
! 10
| [[Subramaniam Badrinath]]
| 2008
| 2013
| {{cr|IND}}
| 95
| 67
| 1441
| 71*
| 30.65
| 118.89
| 11
| —
| —
| —
| —
| —
| —
| —
| —
| —
| 16
| —
|-
! 11
| [[Suresh Raina]]
| 2008
| 2021
| {{cr|IND}}
| 176
| 171
| 4687
| 100*
| 32.32
| 136.88
| 33
| 1
| 59
| 129.2
| 24
| 2/0
| 38.90
| 7.22
| 32.3
| —
| 98
| —
|-
! 12
| [[Albie Morkel]]
| 2008
| 2013
| {{cr|RSA}}
| 78
| 59
| 827
| 71
| 23.62
| 144.83
| 2
| —
| 75
| 254.1
| 76
| 4/32
| 27.02
| 8.08
| 20.0
| —
| 15
| —
|-
! 13
| [[Makhaya Ntini]]
| 2008
| 2008
| align="left" |{{cr|RSA}}
| 9
| 2
| 11
| 11
| 11.00
| 61.11
| —
| —
| 9
| 35.0
| 7
| 4/21
| 34.57
| 6.91
| 30.0
| —
| 1
| —
|-
! 14
| [[Stephen Fleming]]
| 2008
| 2008
| align="left" |{{cr|NZ}}
| 10
| 10
| 196
| 45
| 21.77
| 118.78
| —
| —
| —
| —
| —
| —
| —
| —
| —
| —
| 2
| —
|-
! 15
| [[Vidyut Sivaramakrishnan]]
| 2008
| 2008
| {{cr|IND}}
| 9
| 8
| 145
| 54
| 18.12
| 133.02
| 1
| —
| 1
| 2.0
| 1
| 1/22
| 22.00
| 11.00
| 12.0
| —
| 1
| —
|-
! 16
| [[Srikkanth Anirudha]]
| 2008
| 2013
| align="left" |{{cr|IND}}
| 19
| 12
| 133
| 64
| 19.00
| 123.14
| 1
| —
| —
| —
| —
| —
| —
| —
| —
| —
| 11
| —
|-
! 17
| [[Chamara Kapugedera]]
| 2008
| 2008
| align="left" |{{cr|SL}}
| 5
| 3
| 16
| 8
| 5.33
| 69.56
| —
| —
| 3
| 2.5
| 0
| —
| —
| 17.29
| —
| —
| 4
| —
|-
! 18
| [[Lakshmipathy Balaji]]
| 2008
| 2010
| align="left" |{{cr|IND}}
| 29
| 8
| 22
| 15
| 3.66
| 64.70
| —
| —
| 29
| 93.4
| 31
| 5/24
| 26.09
| 8.63
| 18.1
| 1
| 5
| —
|-
! 19
| [[Abhinav Mukund]]
| 2008
| 2008
| {{cr|IND}}
| 2
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0.00
| 0.00
| —
| —
| —
| —
| —
| —
| —
| —
| —
| —
| 3
| —
|-
! 20
| [[Andrew Flintoff]]
| 2009
| 2009
| {{cr|ENG}}
| 3
| 3
| 62
| 24
| 31.00
| 116.98
| —
| —
| 3
| 11.0
| 2
| 1/11
| 52.50
| 9.54
| 33.0
| —
| 4
| —
|-
! 21
| [[Ravichandran Ashwin]]
| 2009
| 2025
| align="left" |{{cr|IND}}
| 106
| 35
| 223
| 23
| 9.29
| 96.12
| —
| —
| 103
| 368.4
| 97
| 3/16
| 25.39
| 6.68
| 22.80
| —
| 24
| —
|-
! 22
| [[Thilan Thushara]]
| 2009
| 2010
| {{cr|SL}}
| 6
| 4
| 12
| 8
| 6.00
| 66.66
| —
| —
| 6
| 22.3
| 8
| 2/16
| 20.12
| 7.15
| 16.8
| —
| 3
| —
|-
! 23
| [[Shadab Jakati]]
| 2009
| 2012
| {{cr|IND}}
| 50
| 7
| 27
| 13
| 27.00
| 100.00
| —
| —
| 48
| 152.1
| 45
| 4/22
| 26.22
| 7.75
| 20.2
| —
| 17
| —
|-
! 24
| [[Sudeep Tyagi]]
| 2009
| 2010
| {{cr|IND}}
| 14
| 3
| 3
| 3*
| 3.00
| 75.00
| —
| —
| 14
| 34.5
| 6
| 2/18
| 49.16
| 8.46
| 34.8
| —
| 3
| —
|-
! 25
| [[Murali Vijay]]
| 2009
| 2020
| {{cr|IND}}
| 70
| 70
| 1708
| 127
| 25.87
| 125.12
| 7
| 2
| —
| —
| —
| —
| —
| —
| —
| —
| 33
| —
|-
! 26
| [[George Bailey (cricketer, born 1982)|George Bailey]]
| 2009
| 2010
| {{cr|AUS}}
| 4
| 3
| 63
| 30
| 21.00
| 95.45
| —
| —
| —
| —
| —
| —
| —
| —
| —
| —
| —
| —
|-
! 27
| [[Justin Kemp]]
| 2010
| 2010
| align="left" |{{cr|RSA}}
| 5
| 2
| 26
| 22
| 13.00
| 108.33
| —
| —
| 5
| 7.2
| 3
| 3/12
| 18.00
| 7.36
| 14.6
| —
| 1
| —
|-
! 28
| [[Thisara Perera]]
| 2010
| 2010
| {{cr|SL}}
| 1
| —
| —
| —
| —
| —
| —
| —
| 1
| 1.0
| 0
| —
| —
| 19.00
| —
| —
| —
| —
|-
! 29
| [[Arun Karthik]]
| 2010
| 2010
| {{cr|IND}}
| 1
| 1
| 3
| 3*
| —
| 60.00
| —
| —
| —
| —
| —
| —
| —
| —
| —
| —
| —
| —
|-
! 30
| [[Chandrasekar Ganapathy]]
| 2010
| 2010
| {{cr|IND}}
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0*
| —
| 0.00
| —
| —
| 1
| 1.0
| 0
| —
| —
| 13.00
| —
| —
| —
| —
|-
! 31
| [[Doug Bollinger]]
| 2010
| 2012
| {{cr|AUS}}
| 27
| 4
| 21
| 16*
| 21.00
| 91.30
| —
| —
| 27
| 96.0
| 37
| 4/13
| 18.72
| 7.21
| 15.5
| —
| 8
| —
|-
! 32
| [[Scott Styris]]
| 2011
| 2011
| align="left" |{{cr|NZ}}
| 2
| 1
| 5
| 5*
| —
| 250.00
| —
| —
| 1
| 1.0
| 0
| —
| —
| 13.00
| —
| —
| 1
| —
|-
! 33
| [[Suraj Randiv]]
| 2011
| 2011
| align="left" |{{cr|SL}}
| 8
| 1
| 2
| 2
| 2.00
| 50.00
| —
| —
| 8
| 29.0
| 6
| 2/24
| 37.15
| 7.68
| 29.0
| —
| 2
| —
|-
! 34
| [[Tim Southee]]
| 2011
| 2011
| {{cr|NZ}}
| 5
| —
| —
| —
| —
| —
| —
| —
| 5
| 19.0
| 4
| 1/30
| 41.50
| 8.73
| 28.5
| —
| —
| —
|-
! 35
| [[Nuwan Kulasekara]]
| 2011
| 2012
| align="left" |{{cr|SL}}
| 6
| 1
| 5
| 5*
| —
| 166.66
| —
| —
| 5
| 17.0
| 5
| 2/10
| 24.00
| 7.05
| 20.4
| —
| 4
| —
|-
! 36
| [[Wriddhiman Saha]]
| 2011
| 2013
| {{cr|IND}}
| 14
| 7
| 144
| 46*
| 28.80
| 108.27
| —
| —
| —
| —
| —
| —
| —
| —
| —
| —
| 2
| —
|-
! 37
| [[Dwayne Bravo]]
| 2011
| 2022
| {{cr|West Indies}}
| 116
| 75
| 1004
| 68
| 25.10
| 137.15
| 2
| —
| 113
| 376.1
| 140
| 4/42
| 22.47
| 8.36
| 16.1
| —
| 59
| —
|-
! 38
| [[Faf du Plessis]]
| 2012
| 2021
| {{cr|RSA}}
| 92
| 86
| 2721
| 96
| 35.33
| 131.44
| 20
| —
| 1
| 1.0
| 0
| —
| —
| 16.00
| —
| —
| 62
| —
|-
! 39
| [[Ravindra Jadeja]]
| 2012
| 2025
| {{cr|IND}}
| 186
| 139
| 2198
| 77*
| 28.55
| 136.10
| 5
| —
| 173
| 530.2
| 143
| 5/16
| 28.33
| 7.64
| 22.25
| 1
| 91
| —
|-
! 40
| [[Yo Mahesh]]
| 2012
| 2012
| {{cr|IND}}
| 5
| —
| —
| —
| —
| —
| —
| —
| 4
| 9.2
| 3
| 2/21
| 27.00
| 8.67
| 18.6
| —
| 1
| —
|-
! 41
| [[Ben Hilfenhaus]]
| 2012
| 2014
| {{cr|AUS}}
| 17
| 1
| 0
| 0*
| —
| 0.00
| —
| —
| 17
| 62.0
| 22
| 3/27
| 21.77
| 7.72
| 16.9
| —
| 1
| —
|-
! 42
| [[Ankit Rajpoot]]
| 2013
| 2013
| {{cr|IND}}
| 2
| 1
| 2
| 2*
| —
| 33.33
| —
| —
| 2
| 4.0
| 1
| 1/25
| 35.00
| 8.75
| 24.0
| —
| —
| —
|-
! 43
| [[Ben Laughlin (cricketer)|Ben Laughlin]]
| 2013
| 2013
| {{cr|AUS}}
| 2
| 2
| 4
| 4*
| 4.00
| 44.44
| —
| —
| 2
| 7.0
| 1
| 1/25
| 71.00
| 10.14
| 42.0
| —
| —
| —
|-
! 44
| [[Dirk Nannes]]
| 2013
| 2013
| {{cr|AUS}}
| 5
| 1
| 0
| 0*
| —
| 0.00
| —
| —
| 5
| 19.5
| 4
| 2/17
| 39.50
| 7.96
| 29.7
| —
| 3
| —
|-
! 45
| [[Chris Morris (cricketer)|Chris Morris]]
| 2013
| 2013
| {{cr|RSA}}
| 16
| 6
| 14
| 7*
| 7.00
| 87.50
| —
| —
| 16
| 50.0
| 15
| 3/40
| 26.73
| 8.02
| 20.0
| —
| 5
| —
|-
! 46
| [[Mohit Sharma]]
| 2013
| 2019
| {{cr|IND}}
| 48
| 10
| 29
| 21*
| 7.25
| 103.57
| —
| —
| 48
| 164.3
| 58
| 4/14
| 22.17
| 7.81
| 17.0
| —
| 10
| —
|-
! 47
| [[Jason Holder]]
| 2013
| 2013
| {{cr|West Indies}}
| 6
| —
| —
| —
| —
| —
| —
| —
| 6
| 20.0
| 2
| 2/20
| 84.00
| 8.40
| 60.0
| —
| 3
| —
|-
! scope="row" style="text-n;" | 48
| [[Ashish Nehra]]
| 2014
| 2015
| {{cr|IND}}
| 20
| 4
| 1
| 1*
| 1.00
| 14.28
| —
| —
| 20
| 77.0
| 30
| 4/10
| 19.70
| 7.67
| 15.4
| —
| 3
| —
|-
! 49
| [[Brendon McCullum]]
| 2014
| 2015
| {{cr|NZ}}
| 28
| 28
| 841
| 100*
| 32.34
| 137.19
| 5
| 1
| —
| —
| —
| —
| —
| —
| —
| —
| 8
| —
|-
! 50
| [[Dwayne Smith]]
| 2014
| 2015
| {{cr|West Indies}}
| 32
| 32
| 965
| 79
| 30.15
| 128.49
| 7
| —
| 6
| 12.0
| 5
| 1/11
| 22.40
| 9.33
| 14.4
| —
| 14
| —
|-
! 51
| [[Pawan Negi]]
| 2014
| 2015
| {{cr|IND}}
| 12
| 9
| 116
| 36
| 14.50
| 158.90
| —
| —
| 12
| 37.0
| 6
| 2/25
| 54.50
| 8.83
| 37.0
| —
| 5
| —
|-
! 52
| [[Ishwar Pandey]]
| 2014
| 2015
| {{cr|IND}}
| 23
| —
| —
| —
| —
| —
| —
| —
| 22
| 73.0
| 17
| 2/23
| 31.82
| 7.41
| 25.7
| —
| 6
| —
|-
! 53
| [[Mithun Manhas]]
| 2014
| 2014
| {{cr|IND}}
| 12
| 5
| 35
| 13*
| 17.50
| 152.17
| —
| —
| —
| —
| —
| —
| —
| —
| —
| —
| 3
| —
|-
! 54
| [[Samuel Badree]]
| 2014
| 2014
| {{cr|West Indies}}
| 4
| —
| —
| —
| —
| —
| —
| —
| 4
| 14.0
| 2
| 1/19
| 48.50
| 6.92
| 42.0
| —
| —
| —
|-
! 55
| [[Vijay Shankar]]
| 2014
| 2025
| align="left" |{{cr|IND}}
| 7
| 5
| 118
| 69*
| 39.33
| 129.67
| 1
| —
| 1
| 1.0
| 0
| —
| —
| 19.00
| —
| —
| 2
| —
|-
! 56
| [[David Hussey]]
| 2014
| 2014
| {{cr|AUS}}
| 5
| 4
| 116
| 50*
| 58.00
| 123.40
| 1
| —
| 1
| 2.5
| 2
| 2/38
| 19.00
| 13.41
| 8.5
| —
| 1
| —
|-
! 57
| [[John Hastings (cricketer)|John Hastings]]
| 2014
| 2014
| {{cr|AUS}}
| 1
| —
| —
| —
| —
| —
| —
| —
| 1
| 3.0
| 1
| 1/29
| 29.00
| 9.66
| 18.0
| —
| —
| —
|-
! 58
| [[Ronit More]]
| 2015
| 2015
| {{cr|IND}}
| 2
| 1
| 2
| 2*
| —
| 100.00
| —
| —
| 2
| 5.5
| 1
| 1/31
| 59.00
| 10.11
| 35.0
| —
| 1
| —
|-
! 59
| [[Ambati Rayudu]]
| 2018
| 2023
| {{cr|IND}}
| 90
| 80
| 1932
| 100*
| 29.72
| 129.31
| 8
| 1
| —
| —
| —
| —
| —
| —
| —
| —
| 19
| —
|-
! 60
| [[Deepak Chahar]]
| 2018
| 2024
| {{cr|IND}}
| 76
| 12
| 66
| 39
| 11.00
| 124.52
| —
| —
| 76
| 266.1
| 76
| 4/13
| 27.7
| 7.91
| 21.0
| —
| 12
| —
|-
! 61
| [[Harbhajan Singh]]
| 2018
| 2019
| align="left" |{{cr|IND}}
| 24
| 4
| 30
| 19
| 7.50
| 76.92
| —
| —
| 23
| 75.5
| 23
| 3/20
| 25.30
| 7.67
| 19.7
| —
| 8
| —
|-
! 62
| [[Imran Tahir]]
| 2018
| 2021
| {{cr|RSA}}
| 27
| 3
| 15
| 13*
| —
| 125.00
| —
| —
| 27
| 100.0
| 35
| 4/12
| 20.31
| 7.11
| 17.1
| —
| 8
| —
|-
! 63
| [[Kedar Jadhav]]
| 2018
| 2020
| {{cr|IND}}
| 23
| 18
| 248
| 58
| 20.66
| 96.49
| 1
| —
| —
| —
| —
| —
| —
| —
| —
| —
| 5
| —
|-
! 64
| [[Mark Wood (cricketer)|Mark Wood]]
| 2018
| 2018
| align="left" |{{cr|ENG}}
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1.00
| 33.33
| —
| —
| 1
| 4.0
| 0
| —
| —
| 12.25
| —
| —
| 1
| —
|-
! 65
| [[Shane Watson]]
| 2018
| 2020
| {{cr|AUS}}
| 43
| 43
| 1252
| 117*
| 30.53
| 136.38
| 7
| 2
| 11
| 28.0
| 6
| 2/29
| 41.83
| 8.96
| 28.0
| —
| 11
| —
|-
! 66
| [[Sam Billings]]
| 2018
| 2019
| align="left" |{{cr|ENG}}
| 11
| 9
| 108
| 56
| 12.00
| 131.70
| 1
| —
| —
| —
| —
| —
| —
| —
| —
| —
| 6
| —
|-
! 67
| [[Shardul Thakur]]
| 2018
| 2021
| {{cr|IND}}
| 57
| 13
| 67
| 17
| 11.17
| 121.82
| —
| —
| 56
| 200.3
| 60
| 3/28
| 30.38
| 9.09
| 20.05
| —
| 17
| —
|-
! 68
| [[Karn Sharma]]
| 2018
| 2020
| align="left" |{{cr|IND}}
| 12
| 1
| 0
| 0*
| —
| 0.00
| —
| —
| 11
| 31.2
| 10
| 2/13
| 28.70
| 9.15
| 18.8
| —
| 3
| —
|-
! 69
| [[KM Asif]]
| 2018
| 2021
| {{cr|IND}}
| 3
| —
| —
| —
| —
| —
| —
| —
| 3
| 8.1
| 4
| 2/43
| 23.25
| 11.38
| 12.2
| —
| —
| —
|-
! 70
| [[Lungi Ngidi]]
| 2018
| 2021
| {{cr|RSA}}
| 14
| —
| —
| —
| —
| —
| —
| —
| 14
| 54.0
| 25
| 4/10
| 17.92
| 8.29
| 12.9
| —
| 2
| —
|-
! 71
| [[David Willey (cricketer)|David Willey]]
| 2018
| 2018
| {{cr|ENG}}
| 3
| —
| —
| —
| —
| —
| —
| —
| 3
| 10.0
| 2
| 1/24
| 47.50
| 9.50
| 30.0
| —
| 2
| —
|-
! 72
| [[Dhruv Shorey]]
| 2018
| 2019
| {{cr|IND}}
| 2
| 2
| 13
| 8
| 6.50
| 76.47
| —
| —
| —
| —
| —
| —
| —
| —
| —
| —
| —
| —
|-
! 73
| [[Mitchell Santner]]
| 2019
| 2023
| {{cr|NZ}}
| 18
| 11
| 70
| 22
| 11.67
| 98.59
| —
| —
| 18
| 61.0
| 15
| 2/13
| 28.13
| 6.92
| 24.40
| —
| 6
| —
|-
! 74
| [[Scott Kuggeleijn]]
| 2019
| 2019
| {{cr|NZ}}
| 2
| —
| —
| —
| —
| —
| —
| —
| 2
| 8.0
| 2
| 2/37
| 35.50
| 8.87
| 24.0
| —
| —
| —
|-
! 75
| [[Piyush Chawla]]
| 2020
| 2020
| {{cr|IND}}
| 7
| —
| —
| —
| —
| —
| —
| —
| 7
| 21.0
| 6
| 2/33
| 31.83
| 9.09
| 21.0
| —
| —
| —
|-
! 76
| [[Sam Curran]]
| 2020
| 2025
| align="left" |{{cr|ENG}}
| 28
| 20
| 356
| 88
| 22.25
| 140.16
| 2
| —
| 27
| 87.0
| 23
| 3/19
| 35.00
| 9.25
| 22.70
| —
| 11
| —
|-
! 77
| [[Ruturaj Gaikwad]]
| 2020
| 2025
| {{cr|IND}}
| 71
| 70
| 2502
| 108*
| 40.35
| 137.47
| 20
| 2
| —
| —
| —
| —
| —
| —
| —
| —
| 39
| —
|-
! 78
| [[Josh Hazlewood]]
| 2020
| 2021
| {{cr|AUS}}
| 12
| —
| —
| —
| —
| —
| —
| —
| 12
| 45.0
| 12
| 3/24
| 29.75
| 7.93
| 22.5
| —
| 1
| —
|-
! 79
| [[Narayan Jagadeesan]]
| 2020
| 2022
| align="left" |{{cr|IND}}
| 7
| 4
| 73
| 39*
| 24.33
| 110.60
| —
| —
| —
| —
| —
| —
| —
| —
| —
| —
| —
| —
|-
! 80
| [[Monu Kumar]]
| 2020
| 2020
| {{cr|IND}}
| 1
| —
| —
| —
| —
| —
| —
| —
| 1
| 2.0
| 0
| —
| —
| 10.00
| —
| —
| —
| —
|-
! 81
| [[Moeen Ali]]
| 2021
| 2023
| {{cr|ENG}}
| 48
| 40
| 853
| 93
| 23.69
| 136.26
| 3
| —
| 35
| 83.1
| 25
| 4/26
| 23.40
| 7.03
| 19.96
| —
| 18
| —
|-
! 82
| [[Robin Uthappa]]
| 2021
| 2022
| {{cr|IND}}
| 16
| 15
| 345
| 88
| 23.00
| 135.29
| 3
| —
| —
| —
| —
| —
| —
| —
| —
| —
| 5
| —
|-
! 83
| [[Adam Milne]]
| 2022
| 2022
| {{cr|NZ}}
| 1
| —
| —
| —
| —
| —
| —
| —
| 1
| 2.3
| 0
| —
| —
| 7.60
| —
| —
| —
| —
|-
! 84
| [[Devon Conway]]
| 2022
| 2025
| {{cr|NZ}}
| 29
| 28
| 1080
| 92*
| 43.20
| 139.72
| 11
| —
| —
| —
| —
| —
| —
| —
| —
| —
| 10
| —
|-
! 85
| [[Shivam Dube]]
| 2022
| 2025
| {{cr|IND}}
| 55
| 53
| 1460
| 95*
| 33.95
| 151.61
| 9
| —
| 4
| 5.0
| 1
| 1/14
| 83.00
| 16.60
| —
| —
| 18
| —
|-
! 86
| [[Tushar Deshpande]]
| 2022
| 2024
| {{cr|IND}}
| 31
| 2
| 0
| 0*
| —
| 0.00
| —
| —
| 31
| 111.5
| 39
| 4/27
| 26.95
| 9.40
| 17.21
| —
| 5
| —
|-
! 87
| [[Dwaine Pretorius]]
| 2022
| 2023
| {{cr|RSA}}
| 7
| 5
| 44
| 22
| 11.00
| 157.14
| —
| —
| 7
| 25.0
| 6
| 2/30
| 39.66
| 9.52
| 25.0
| —
| 3
| —
|-
! 88
| [[Mukesh Choudhary]]
| 2022
| 2025
| {{cr|IND}}
| 16
| 2
| 6
| 4
| 6.00
| 100.00
| —
| —
| 16
| 52.3
| 17
| 4/46
| 30.71
| 9.94
| 18.53
| —
| 3
| —
|-
! 89
| [[Chris Jordan (cricketer)|Chris Jordan]]
| 2022
| 2022
| {{cr|ENG}}
| 4
| 2
| 11
| 6*
| 11.00
| 137.50
| —
| —
| 4
| 12.5| 2
| 2/23
| 67.50
| 10.51
| 38.5
| —
| 4
| —
|-
! 90
| [[Maheesh Theekshana]]
| 2022
| 2024
| {{cr|SL}}
| 27
| 2
| 7
| 7*
| 7.00
| 100.00
| —
| —
| 27
| 104.0
| 25
| 4/33
| 31.88
| 7.66
| 24.96
| —
| 4
| —
|-
! 91
| [[Simarjeet Singh]]
| 2022
| 2022
| {{cr|IND}}
| 10
| 3
| 7
| 3*
| 7.00
| 87.50
| —
| —
| 10
| 30.0
| 9
| 3/26
| 28.78
| 8.63
| 20.00
| —
| 3
| —
|-
! 92
| [[Matheesha Pathirana]]
| 2022
| 2025
| {{cr|SL}}
| 32
| —
| —
| —
| —
| —
| —
| —
| 32
| 117.0
| 47
| 4/28
| 21.62
| 8.68
| 14.94
| —
| 9
| —
|-
! 93
| [[Prashant Solanki]]
| 2022
| 2022
| {{cr|IND}}
| 2
| —
| —
| —
| —
| —
| —
| —
| 2
| 6.0
| 2
| 2/20
| 19.00
| 6.33
| 18.0
| —
| —
| —
|-
! 94
| [[Ben Stokes]]
| 2023
| 2023
| {{cr|ENG}}
| 2
| 2
| 15
| 8
| 7.50
| 107.14
| —
| —
| 1
| 1.0
| 0
| —
| —
| 18.00
| —
| —
| 2
| —
|-
! 95
| [[Rajvardhan Hangargekar]]
| 2023
| 2023
| {{cr|IND}}
| 2
| —
| —
| —
| —
| —
| —
| —
| 2
| 6.0
| 3
| 3/36
| 20.00
| 10.00
| 12.0
| —
| —
| —
|-
! 96
| [[Ajinkya Rahane]]
| 2023
| 2024
| {{cr|IND}}
| 27
| 23
| 568
| 71*
| 25.82
| 147.53
| 2
| —
| —
| —
| —
| —
| —
| —
| —
| —
| 9
| —
|-
! 97
| [[Sisanda Magala]]
| 2023
| 2023
| {{cr|RSA}}
| 2
| —
| —
| —
| —
| —
| —
| —
| 2
| 6.0
| 1
| 1/37
| 51.00
| 8.50
| 36.0
| —
| 1
| —
|-
! 98
| [[Akash Singh (cricketer, born 2002)|Akash Singh]]
| 2023
| 2023
| {{cr|IND}}
| 6
| —
| —
| —
| —
| —
| —
| —
| 6
| 19.0
| 5
| 2/40
| 37.60
| 9.89
| 22.8
| —
| 1
| —
|-
! 99
| [[Daryl Mitchell (New Zealand cricketer)|Daryl Mitchell]]
| 2024
| 2024
| {{cr|NZ}}
| 13
| 13
| 318
| 63
| 28.91
| 142.60
| —
| —
| 2
| 6.0
| 1
| 1/18
| 18
| 11.67
| 36.00
| —
| —
| —
|-
! 100
| [[Mustafizur Rahman]]
| 2024
| 2024
| {{cr|BAN}}
| 9
| —
| —
| —
| —
| —
| —
| —
| 9
| 34.2
| 14
| 4/29
| 22.71
| 9.26
| 14.71
| —
| 1
| —
|-
! 101
| [[Rachin Ravindra]]
| 2024
| 2025
| {{cr|NZ}}
| 18
| 18
| 413
| 65*
| 24.29
| 143.90
| —
| —
| —
| —
| —
| —
| —
| —
| —
| —
| 10
| —
|-
! 102
| [[Sameer Rizvi]]
| 2024
| 2024
| {{cr|IND}}
| 8
| 5
| 51
| 21
| 12.75
| 118.60
| —
| —
| —
| —
| —
| —
| —
| —
| —
| —
| 1
| —
|-
! 103
| [[Richard Gleeson]]
| 2024
| 2024
| {{cr|ENG}}
| 2
| 1
| 2
| 2*
| —
| 100.00
| —
| —
| 2
| 7.5
| 1
| 1/30
| 71.00
| 9.06
| 47.00
| —
| —
| —
|-
! 104
| [[Khaleel Ahmed]]
| 2025
| 2025
| {{cr|IND}}
| 14
| 2
| 1
| 1*
| —
| 50.00
| —
| —
| 14
| 46.4
| 15
| 3/29
| 29.80
| 9.58
| 18.67
| —
| 1
| —
|-
! 105
| [[Nathan Ellis]]
| 2025
| 2025
| {{cr|AUS}}
| 1
| —
| —
| —
| —
| —
| —
| —
| 1
| 4.0
| 1
| 1/38
| 38.00
| 9.50
| 24.00
| —
| —
| —
|-
! 106
| [[Noor Ahmad]]
| 2025
| 2025
| {{cr|AFG}}
| 14
| 6
| 7
| 2
| 1.75
| 41.18
| —
| —
| 14
| 50.0
| 24
| 4/18
| 17.00
| 8.16
| 12.50
| —
| 2
| —
|-
! 107
| [[Deepak Hooda]]
| 2025
| 2025
| {{cr|IND}}
| 7
| 5
| 31
| 22
| 6.20
| 75.61
| —
| —
| 1
| 1.0
| 0
| 0/15
| —
| 15.00
| —
| —
| 3
| —
|-
! 108
| [[Rahul Tripathi]]
| 2025
| 2025
| {{cr|IND}}
| 5
| 5
| 55
| 23
| 11.00
| 96.49
| —
| —
| —
| —
| —
| —
| —
| —
| —
| —
| 1
| —
|-
! 109
| [[Jamie Overton]]
| 2025
| 2025
| {{cr|ENG}}
| 3
| 2
| 15
| 11*
| —
| 214.29
| —
| —
| 3
| 6.0
| 0
| 0/24
| —
| —
| —
| —
| —
| —
|-
! 110
| [[Anshul Kamboj]]
| 2025
| 2025
| {{cr|IND}}
| 8
| 5
| 14
| 5*
| 7.00
| 116.67
| —
| —
| 8
| 21.3
| 8
| 3/13
| 21.50
| 8.00
| 16.13
| —
| 1
| —
|-
! 111
| [[Shaik Rasheed]]
| 2025
| 2025
| {{cr|IND}}
| 5
| 5
| 71
| 27
| 14.20
| 112.70
| —
| —
| —
| —
| —
| —
| —
| —
| —
| —
| 1
| —
|-
! 112
| [[Ayush Mhatre]]
| 2025
| 2025
| {{cr|IND}}
| 7
| 7
| 240
| 94
| 34.29
| 188.98
| 1
| —
| —
| —
| —
| —
| —
| —
| —
| —
| 4
| —
|-
! 113
| [[Dewald Brevis]]
| 2025
| 2025
| {{cr|RSA}}
| 6
| 6
| 225
| 57
| 37.50
| 180.00
| 2
| —
| —
| —
| —
| —
| —
| —
| —
| —
| 6
| —
|-
! 114
| [[Urvil Patel]]
| 2025
| 2025
| {{cr|IND}}
| 3
| 3
| 68
| 37
| 22.67
| 212.50
| —
| —
| —
| —
| —
| —
| —
| —
| —
| —
| 2
| —
|-
|}

== Captains ==
{{table alignment}}
{|class="wikitable sortable defaultcenter col1left col2left" style="font-size: 90%"
!Player
!Nationality
!From
!To
!Matches
!Won
!Lost
!Tied
!NR
!Win%
|-
|"text-align:left" | [[MS Dhoni]]
| {{cr|IND}} || 2008 || 2023 || 235 || 142 || 90 || 1 || 0 || 60.42
|-
|"text-align:left" | [[Suresh Raina]]
| {{cr|IND}} || 2010 || 2019 || 6 || 2 || 3 || 1 || 0 || 33.33
|-
|"text-align:left" | [[Ravindra Jadeja]]
| {{cr|IND}} || 2022 || 2022 || 8 || 2 || 6 || 0 || 0 || 25.00
|-
|"text-align:left" | [[Ruturaj Gaikwad]]
| {{cr|IND}} || 2024 || Present || 19 || 8 || 11 || 0 || 0 || 42.10
|}
Last updated: 27 March 2026; Source: ''ESPNcricinfo''<ref>{{cite web |title=CSK: captains |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/records/team/individual-list-captains/chennai-super-kings-4343/twenty20-matches-6 |access-date=25 December 2023 |work=ESPNcricinfo |archive-date=25 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231225042232/https://www.espncricinfo.com/records/team/individual-list-captains/chennai-super-kings-4343/twenty20-matches-6 |url-status=live }}</ref>
* The success percentage excludes no results and counts ties as half a win.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== External ==
{{Chennai Super Kings}}
{{Indian Premier League}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Chennai Super Kings cricketers}}
[[Category:Chennai Super Kings cricketers|*]]
[[Category:Chennai-related lists]]
[[Category:Lists of Indian Premier League cricketers]]

The Lost Homestead

2026-03-27T01:59:08Z

Vilianapcm: Started page...

{{Short description|2020 non-fiction book by Marina Wheeler}}
{{Infobox book
| italic title = 
| name = The Lost Homestead: My Mother, Partition and the Punjab
| image = The Lost Homestead cover.jpg
| image_size =
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| caption =
| author = [[Marina Wheeler]]
| audio_read_by =
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| language = English
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| publisher = [[Hodder & Stoughton]]
| publisher2 =
| pub_date =
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| published = 2020
| media_type =
| pages = 328
| awards =
| isbn = 978-1-4736-7774-6
| isbn_note =
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| followed_by = 
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}}
'''''The Lost Homestead: My Mother, Partition and the Punjab''''' is a book by [[Marina Wheeler]], published by [[Hodder & Stoughton]] in 2020. It focusses on the author's Sikh mother, Kuldip Singh, known as Dip, and traces her life through the [[partition of India]] in 1947 and her life with the British journalist and broadcaster, [[Charles Wheeler (journalist)|Charles Wheeler]].

The title of the book refers to Dip’s palatial childhood home in [[Sargodha]], [[Lahore]], then in [[Presidencies and provinces of British India|British India]], now in Pakistan, from which her family had to flee before settling in Delhi, when Dip was in her teens. The effects of partition caused her father to instruct the family to forget the life they previously had. At the age of 17, by family arrangement, she was married into an eminent and wealthy family. After walking out of the marriage she supported herself at first in Bombay and then in Delhi, where she met the then BBC Delhi-based South Asia correspondent, Charles Wheeler. They married and for a short while lived in Berlin, where they had two daughters. From 1965 to 1973, they lived mostly in Washington. Later, they would settle in Sussex, England, and Dip would train and work for [[Amnesty International]]. After 1972, she never returned to India.

Wheeler visits India and Pakistan to trace her mother's story. On completing her research, Dip suggested that the title of the book be ''From Sargodha to Sussex'', as she saw the paradise she lost in Sargodha regained in Sussex. Interspersed in the story of her mother, Wheeler inserts historical context. Among the memoirs in the book include early memories of being in Sargodha, meeting India's first Prime Minister in 1948, reading [[P. G. Wodehouse]], seeing falling snow for the first time in Berlin, and an incident with ketchup, among others.

The book was generally well received in India. ''[[The Wire (India)|The Wire]]'' questioned some of the historical interpretations and the absence of other relevant historical detail. However, it felt that these were overshadowed by the personal story, a feature also pointed by the ''[[Financial Times]]''. ''The Telegraph'' wrote that the book had little of Wheeler's private life, but it was a story worth telling, and ''[[The Hindu]]'' noted that the book had brought to the forefront the life of someone living on the sidelines.

It was shortlisted for the 2021 [[RSL Christopher Bland Prize]].

==Background==
''The Lost Homestead'' examines the memoirs of Kuldip Singh,<ref name="Dutt2020">{{cite news|last1=Dutt|first1=Nirupama|date=19 December 2020|title=Roundabout: The Lost Homestead – from Sargodha to Sussex|language=en|work=Hindustan Times|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/chandigarh/roundabout-the-lost-homestead-from-sargodha-to-sussex/story-yL1aYl7V8OndQ1z8DbuAKL.html|access-date=10 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211210104227/https://www.hindustantimes.com/chandigarh/roundabout-the-lost-homestead-from-sargodha-to-sussex/story-yL1aYl7V8OndQ1z8DbuAKL.html|archive-date=10 December 2021}}</ref><ref name=Wheeler2021.p.1>{{cite book |last1=Wheeler |first1=M. |title=The Lost Homestead|date=2020|pages=1–9|chapter=Prologue}}</ref> affectionately known as Dip (pronounced deep<ref name="Dutt2020"/>) or nani to her grandchildren,<ref name=Wheeler2021.p.1/> the wife of Charles Wheeler and the mother of Marina Wheeler, a [[barrister]] who was appointed [[Queen's Counsel|QC]] in 2016 and who researched and wrote the book. The title of the book refers to Dip’s childhood home in the [[Civil Lines]] of [[Sargodha]], [[Punjab Province (British India)|Punjab]] before the [[partition of India]] in 1947.<ref name=Wheeler2021.p.14>{{cite book |last1=Wheeler |first1=M. |title=The Lost Homestead|date=2020|pages=14–91|chapter=Part 1. British India}}</ref><ref name="Rashid2021">{{cite news|last1=Rashid|first1=Tanjil|date=6 November 2020|title=The Lost Homestead by Marina Wheeler review — the partition of India through one family's eyes|language=en|work=[[The Times]]|url=https://www.thetimes.com/life-style/parenting/article/the-lost-homestead-by-marina-wheeler-review-the-partition-of-india-through-one-familys-eyes-t79n9ctjb|url-access=subscription|access-date=10 December 2021|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211210105523/https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/the-lost-homestead-by-marina-wheeler-review-the-partition-of-india-through-one-familys-eyes-t79n9ctjb|archive-date=10 December 2021}}</ref> "It is also my story", says Wheeler in the prologue.<ref name=Wheeler2021.p.1/> The idea for writing it came from a publisher who read her review of [[Gurinder Chadha|Gurinder Chadha's]] film ''[[Viceroy's House (film)|Viceroy's House]]'' in 2017, which depicted Britain's plans to partition India.<ref name="Lamb2020">{{cite news|last1=Lamb|first1=Christina|date=7 November 2020|title=Marina Wheeler on life after Boris Johnson and her new‑found freedom|language=en|work=[[The Times]]|url=https://www.thetimes.com/article/marina-wheeler-boris-johnson-ex-wife-ptzn93dcj|access-date=10 December 2021|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211216074142/https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/marina-wheeler-boris-johnson-ex-wife-ptzn93dcj|archive-date=16 December 2021}}</ref> In order to trace her maternal family’s life, and explain it in a historical context, she subsequently spent two years questioning her mother and conducting her own research through books, libraries, archives and visits to India and Pakistan, where she was assisted by relatives, friends and several academics.<ref name=Wheeler2021.p.1/><ref name="Lamb2020"/>

==Publication history==
The book was first published in [[Hardcover|hardback]] by Hodder & Stoughton on 12 November 2020.<ref name="Wright2021">{{cite news|last1=Wright|first1=Gillian|date=11 December 2020|title=A Daughter's Search for a Mother's Lost Home and Partition Memories|work=[[The Wire (India)|The Wire]]|url=https://thewire.in/books/marina-wheeler-the-lost-homestead-review|access-date=10 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211214064655/https://thewire.in/books/marina-wheeler-the-lost-homestead-review|archive-date=14 December 2021}}</ref><ref name=Asian>{{cite news |title=Marina Wheeler revisits her roots in her latest book... |url=https://www.asian-voice.com/Volumes/2020/28-November-2020/Marina-Wheeler-revisits-her-roots-in-her-latest-book |access-date=10 December 2021 |work=www.asian-voice.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211210211402/https://www.asian-voice.com/Volumes/2020/28-November-2020/Marina-Wheeler-revisits-her-roots-in-her-latest-book|archive-date=10 December 2021}}</ref> It was released as [[paperback]] in 2021.<ref name=Wheeler2021>{{cite book |last1=Wheeler |first1=Marina |title=The Lost Homestead: My Family, Partition and the Punjab |date=2020 |publisher=Hodder & Stoughton |isbn=978-1-4736-7774-6 |oclc=1147952565 |language=English}}</ref> There is an electronic version, and the audible version is narrated by Wheeler herself, who also holds the copyright.<ref name=Wheeler2021/><ref>{{cite book|date=25 April 2019|title=The Lost Homestead|isbn=9781473677784|url=https://www.hachette.co.uk/titles/marina-wheeler/the-lost-homestead/9781473677784/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211216073257/https://www.hachette.co.uk/titles/marina-wheeler/the-lost-homestead/9781473677784/|archive-date=16 December 2021|access-date=14 December 2021}}</ref> The front cover of the book depicts a photograph taken in 1968 at [[Golf Links, New Delhi|Golf Links]], [[New Delhi]], Wheeler's grandparent's home after [[History of India (1947–present)|India's independence]].<ref name=Wheeler2021.p.137>{{cite book |last1=Wheeler |first1=M. |title=The Lost Homestead|date=2020|pages=137–155|chapter=Part 3. Leaving India}}</ref> Charles Wheeler stands at the top centre with Dip, her sisters Amarjit and Anup, and brother Priti.<ref name=Wheeler2021.p.137/> Wheeler's sister Shirin is sitting on her grandmother's knee and Marina Wheeler on her grandfather's.<ref name=Wheeler2021.p.137/> The prologue is followed by six parts covering 15 chapters, an epilogue and an index.<ref name=Wheeler2021/> There are no references, footnotes or bibliography.<ref name=Wheeler2021/> There are 16 pages of photographs including Dip's portrait by [[M. F. Husain]], her first marriage at age 17, her marriage to Charles Wheeler in 1962, her father's OBE decoration and several other family photographs.<ref name=Wheeler2021/>

==Summary==
Wheeler documents Dip's memories, narrates her story in chronological order, fills in gaps after interviewing relevant academics, friends and relatives, and adds her own researched historical context, revealing at each stage where she got the information from.<ref name="Krishnan2021">{{cite news|last1=Krishnan|first1=Nikhil|date=9 January 2021|title=The Lost Homestead by Marina Wheeler, review: the barrister uncovers her Indian roots|work=The Telegraph|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/books/what-to-read/lost-homestead-marina-wheeler-review-barrister-uncovers-indian/|url-access=subscription|access-date=10 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211210090628/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/books/what-to-read/lost-homestead-marina-wheeler-review-barrister-uncovers-indian/|archive-date=10 December 2021}}</ref>

===Sequence of events===
Dip's father, Harbans Singh, referred to as Papa-ji, features early in part one of the book. During the early twentieth century he was a doctor and well-off land-owner in [[Sargodha]], [[Lahore]], then in [[Presidencies and provinces of British India|British India]], now in Pakistan. Dip, born in Sargodha, described the family home at this time as "paradise". It was a large mansion with external verandahs in the British style, complete with orchards and gardens. They had servants and her family's importance of education meant that she attended a school where she was taught in English and Urdu. During the partition of India in 1947 and early post-independence years, when Dip was in her teens, the family found themselves concerned with the illness of Dip's older brother, and simultaneously became displaced in Delhi, as Sargodha became part of Pakistan. The effects of partition caused her father to instruct the family to forget the life they previously had. Part two covers the [[1948 in India|immediate post-independence of India]]. In the early years Dip attended at first [[Indraprastha College for Women]] before transferring to [[Lady Irwin College]]. At the age of 17, by family arrangement, she married Daljit, son of [[Sir Sobha Singh]], the contractor who built much of New Delhi, and brother of [[Khushwant Singh]]. Unable to probe her into revealing more detail, Wheeler discovers from another relative that one day Dip packed a suitcase and just walked out. She supported herself working at first in Bombay and then at Canada House in Delhi. In 1960, she met Charles Wheeler, the BBC's Delhi-based South Asia correspondent. They married in 1962.

Part three begins with Dip's departure from India in 1962 and settlement in Berlin, where she gave birth to their two daughters, and from where she took British nationality. From 1965 to 1973, they lived mostly in Washington, where Charles at first covered the [[Watts riots|Los Angeles riots]] and later [[Watergate scandal|Watergate]]. A day prior to returning to England on the ''[[SS France (1960)|SS France]]'' she cut her long hair. After the post in Washington, the family lived for a short while in Brussels. Eventually, they would settle in Sussex, England, and Dip would train and work for [[Amnesty International]]. Part four covers the few trips back to India between 1963 and 1972 and here she describes the members of her extended Indian family, several of who have been in close contact throughout her life. Two trips to Sargodha in Pakistan in search for Dip's childhood home are described in part five. There she discovers the house no longer exists. Upon returning to India, Wheeler recounts some of the testimonies of residents of Sargodha of 1947, held in the National Archives in Delhi. Part six returns to Sussex and Dip's suggestion that the title of the book be ''From Sargodha to Sussex'', as she saw the paradise she lost in Sargodha regained in her Sussex cottage. Dip's last days and death in early 2020, are described in the epilogue. Her ashes were buried by her daughters and grandchildren in her Sussex garden.

===Historical context===
Interspersed in the story of her mother, Wheeler inserts historical context and her own feelings. The family home in Sarghoda was built among the [[Punjab Canal Colonies]] north west of Lahore. For his efforts in recruiting Punjabi men for the [[First World War]] and for attending to the sick during the [[Spanish flu|influenza epidemic of 1918]], the [[British Raj|British]] had rewarded Papa-ji with [[sanads]], deeds confirming his allegiance to them. He later received an OBE for his service during the [[Third Anglo-Afghan War|1919 campaign in Afghanistan]]. In the following years leading to 1947, his children, nephews and nieces, did not share all his views, and some would be involved in [[Indian independence movement|freedom campaigns]]. Here she places the significance of the [[Sikhs in the British Indian Army]], [[Unionist Party (Punjab)|Unionist rule]] and the rise of nationalist politics with the [[Indian National Congress]] and [[All-India Muslim League]]. She links her family's political connection to Papa-ji's cousin, [[Ujjal Singh ]], clarifies Sir Sobha Singh's association with [[Bhagat Singh]] and reads [[Kim A. Wagner]]'s ''[[Amritsar 1919]]'' and [[Anita Anand (journalist)|Anita Anand]]'s ''[[The Patient Assassin]]'' to give her interpretation of the [[Jallianwala Bagh massacre|massacre at Jallianwala Bagh]] and [[Udham Singh]], respectively. Among the historical themes and topics she writes about are [[Subhas Chandra Bose]], the [[Radcliffe Line]], [[China–India relations]], [[Operation Blue Star]], and the [[1984 anti-Sikh riots]].

===Selected memoirs===
With reference to the massacre at Amritsar in 1919, Dip did not recall hearing that news at that time. Early memories included receiving a bicycle as a gift and sitting in front of fires eating nuts with family in their mansion home. Memories of the late 1940s concentrate on her unwell brother Bakshi, who died from [[tuberculosis]] in his early 20s. Exactly how Dip arrived at Delhi is not clear in her memory. In the early [[1948 in India|post-independence years]], Dip tells of being in Delhi at the time of the [[assassination of Mahatma Gandhi]], and the reaction to finding out that the assassin was Hindu. She enjoyed reading and hid under covers to read [[P. G. Wodehouse]] and enjoyed [[Bertie Wooster]] and [[Jeeves]]. At age 16, from Lady Irwin College, she was one of six girls to present a garland to then prime minister [[Jawaharlal Nehru]] on [[Children's Day (India)|his birthday]]. Wheeler calls this memory one her personal favourites. After it was pointed out by her teacher that it was also Dip's birthday, Nehru in return removed one garland and put it on Dip. Dip tells Wheeler that she did not remember her wedding day at age 17 and that any memories of that marriage were "buried". She remembers being secretly painted by the famous artist [[M. F. Husain]]. Another memory was that of sleeping in [[Muhammad Ali Jinnah|Jinnah's]] old bedroom in the house on [[Dr APJ Abdul Kalam Road|Aurangzeb Road]] where he lived before leaving India. Later, in Berlin, several stories are recounted including that of seeing falling snow for the first time, and being in the city when [[John F. Kennedy]] visited. During their life in Washington, Wheeler and Dip recounted a game at supper where Dip squirted ketchup on Charles's head after he said she was best at cleaning the lavatory.

==Reception==
The book was generally well received in India.<ref name="Dutt2020"/> ''[[The Wire (India)|The Wire]]'' questioned some of the historical interpretations and the absence of other relevant historical detail.<ref name="Wright2021"/> It was surprised that ''Viceroy’s House'' was felt by Wheeler to be a reliable source of Indian history.<ref name="Wright2021"/> It commented on the omission of her own marriage in the book.<ref name="Wright2021"/> Regarding historical facts and analyses, the magazine felt Wheeler not at fault, but those who checked the text, and any inaccuracies were overshadowed by the personal story.<ref name="Wright2021"/> ''The Telegraph'' felt that the beginning of the book reflected Wheeler's unfamiliarity with what is a new way of writing for her.<ref name="Krishnan2021"/><ref name="Ghosh2021">{{cite news|last=Ghosh|first=Sutanuka|date=25 June 2021|title=Paradise lost and found|work=www.telegraphindia.com|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/culture/books/paradise-lost-and-found/cid/1819994|access-date=10 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211210090627/https://www.telegraphindia.com/culture/books/paradise-lost-and-found/cid/1819994|archive-date=10 December 2021}}</ref><ref name=Wheeler2021.p.95>{{cite book |last1=Wheeler |first1=M. |title=The Lost Homestead|date=2020|pages=95–134|chapter=Part 2. Free India}}</ref> It noted that the book had little of her private life, but it was a story worth telling.<ref name="Krishnan2021"/> ''[[The Hindu]]'' noted that the book had brought to the forefront the life of someone living on the sidelines, and in the process, helped Wheeler appraise her own life.<ref name="Basu2021">{{cite news|last1=Basu|first1=Soma|date=6 February 2021|title='The Lost Homestead: My Mother, Partition and the Punjab' review: The shadow cast by Partition and the trauma of displacement|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/books/books-reviews/the-lost-homestead-my-mother-partition-and-the-punjab-review-the-shadow-cast-by-partition-and-the-trauma-of-displacement/article33757618.ece|access-date=10 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211216073451/https://www.thehindu.com/books/books-reviews/the-lost-homestead-my-mother-partition-and-the-punjab-review-the-shadow-cast-by-partition-and-the-trauma-of-displacement/article33757618.ece|archive-date=16 December 2021}}</ref> In the ''Financial Times'' the personal narrative was reiterated..."Wheeler taps a rich vein of personal history".<ref name="Venk2020">{{cite news |last1=Venkataramakrishnan |first1=Siddharth |title=The Lost Homestead — a story of colonialism and India's identity |url=https://www.ft.com/content/7278bc3c-c4fd-41c3-b08e-fd056fe51aaf |access-date=17 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211217173547/https://www.ft.com/content/7278bc3c-c4fd-41c3-b08e-fd056fe51aaf|archive-date=17 December 2021 |work=Financial Times |date=27 November 2020}}</ref> In its opinion, Wheeler's story could be related by many of the [[Non-resident Indian and person of Indian origin|Indian diaspora]].<ref name="Venk2020"/> In ''[[The Hindustan Times]]'', [[Shashi Tharoor]] was quoted to say "Marina Wheeler delves deep into the history of her family that is linked inextricably with the history of a nation. This book is more than a family memoir - it is an insightful glimpse into the way small worlds are forever changed by the impersonal currents of history".<ref name="Dutt2020"/> ''[[The Tribune (Chandigarh)|The Tribune]]'' quoted Dip's thoughts that she felt "that here (in Sussex), with Charles, I had regained the paradise I lost in Sargodha".<ref name="Rajivlochan">{{cite news |last1=Rajivlochan |first1=M |title=Marina Wheeler's journey into her personal history, through Partition |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/reviews/story/marina-wheelers-journey-into-her-personal-history-through-partition-177343 |access-date=19 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211219131753/https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/reviews/story/marina-wheelers-journey-into-her-personal-history-through-partition-177343|archive-date=19 December 2021|work=Tribuneindia News Service |date=29 November 2020 |language=en}}</ref>

==Awards and nominations==
It was shortlisted for the 2021 [[RSL Christopher Bland Prize]].<ref name="RSL">{{Cite web|date=17 May 2021|title=RSL Christopher Bland Prize 2021 – Shortlist announced|url=https://rsliterature.org/2021/05/rsl-christopher-bland-prize-2021-shortlist-announced/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211216074336/https://rsliterature.org/2021/05/rsl-christopher-bland-prize-2021-shortlist-announced/|archive-date=16 December 2021|access-date=10 December 2021|website=Royal Society of Literature|language=en-GB}}</ref><ref name="Sherwin2021">{{cite news|last1=Sherwin|first1=Adam|date=16 May 2021|title=Marina Wheeler, Boris Johnson's ex-wife, could be working on her memoirs|language=en|work=inews.co.uk|url=https://inews.co.uk/culture/books/marina-wheeler-qc-boris-johnsons-ex-wife-could-be-working-on-memoirs-994529|access-date=13 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211216074527/https://inews.co.uk/culture/books/marina-wheeler-qc-boris-johnsons-ex-wife-could-be-working-on-memoirs-994529|archive-date=16 December 2021}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Further reading==
*{{cite news |last1=Wheeler |first1=Marina |title=Why we can learn a lot today from the British legacy in India |url=https://www.standard.co.uk/comment/comment/why-we-can-learn-a-lot-today-from-the-british-legacy-in-india-a3459566.html |access-date=12 December 2021 |work=www.standard.co.uk |date=6 February 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211212092056/https://www.standard.co.uk/comment/comment/why-we-can-learn-a-lot-today-from-the-british-legacy-in-india-a3459566.html |archive-date=12 December 2021 |language=en}}

==External links==
* {{YouTube|hYoyElcbJeE|The Lost Homestead. My Mother, Partition and the Punjab with Marina Wheeler (2021)}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Lost Homestead, The}}
[[Category:2020 non-fiction books]]
[[Category:Books about India]]
[[Category:Hodder & Stoughton books]]
[[Category:British memoirs]]
[[Category:English-language non-fiction books]]
[[Category:Indian memoirs]]

R. N. Sudarshan

2026-03-22T11:14:39Z

Vilianapcm:

{{Short description|Indian film actor}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2016}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2016}}
{{Infobox person
| name = R. N. Sudarshan
| image = R.N.Sudarshan-pic.jpg
| caption =
| birth_name = Rattihalli Nagendra Sudarshan
| birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1939|5|2}}
| birth_place = [[Karnataka]], [[British India]]
| death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|2017|9|8|1939|5|2}}
| death_place = Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| other_names =
| alma_mater =
| occupation = Actor, singer, film producer
| years_active = 1961–2017
| spouse = [[Shylashri]]
| parents = [[R. Nagendra Rao]] Ratnabai
| family = [[R. N. K. Prasad]] (brother) [[R. N. Jayagopal]] (brother)
}}

'''Rattihalli Nagendra Sudarshan''' (2 May 1939 – 8 September 2017) was an Indian [[actor]] and [[film producer|producer]] who had mainly worked in [[Kannada cinema]]. He had also acted in [[Tamil cinema|Tamil]], [[Hindi cinema|Hindi]], [[Telugu cinema|Telugu]], and [[Malayalam film]]s.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/rn-sudarshan-dead-at-78-bengaluru-1040657-2017-09-08|title=Kannada actor RN Sudarshan dies at 78 in Bengaluru|website=Indiatoday.intoday.in|date=8 September 2017 |access-date=5 October 2017}}</ref> During a career spanning more than five decades, he had acted in more than 250 films.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/committed-to-acting/article19684418.ece|title=Committed to acting|first=Muralidhara|last=Khajane|date=14 September 2017|work=The Hindu}}</ref>

==Personal life==
R. N. Sudarshan was the son of veteran actor [[R. Nagendra Rao]]. His elder brother [[R. N. Jayagopal]] (died 2008) was a famous lyricist and eldest brother [[R. N. K. Prasad]] (died 2012) was a famous cinematographer. He was married to actress Shylashri.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/bangalore/others/veteran-sandalwood-actor-producer-rn-sudarshan-passes-away-at-78-in-bengaluru/articleshow/60423079.cms|title=Veteran Sandalwood actor, producer RN Sudarshan passes away at 78 in Bengaluru|newspaper=[[Bangalore Mirror]]|access-date=5 October 2017}}</ref>

==Career==
In 1961, Sudarshan was launched as lead actor in the [[Kannada]] film field at age 21 in ''[[Vijayanagarada Veeraputra]]'', and he was the lead for over 60 films before appearing in villainous roles.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/regional/actor-and-producer-rn-sudarshan-dies-at-78-4834377|title=Actor and producer RN Sudarshan dies at 78|date=8 September 2017|website=Indianexpress.com|access-date=5 October 2017}}</ref>

Sudarshan was honoured with the prestigious [[Dr. Rajkumar Award|Dr. Rajkumar Lifetime Achievement Award]] of 2009–10.

==Death==
He died on 8 September 2017 from kidney disease, aged 78.<ref name="R1">{{cite web|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/bangalore/veteran-actor-rn-sudarshan-no-more/article19644103.ece|title=Veteran actor R.N. Sudarshan no more|date=8 September 2017|access-date=5 October 2017|website=Thehindu.com}}</ref>

==Filmography==

===Films===
====Kannada====
{{div col|colwidth=22em}}
*''[[Vijayanagarada Veeraputhra]]'' (1961)
*''[[Ananda Bashpa]]'' (1963)
*''[[Pathiye Daiva]]'' (1964)
*''[[Mangala Muhurta]]'' (1964)
*''[[Navajeevana]]'' (1964)
*''[[Chandrahasa]]'' (1965)
*''[[Suvarna Bhoomi]]'' (1968)
*''[[Kadina Rahasya]]'' (1969)
*''[[Lakshmi Saraswathi]]'' (1970)
*''[[Aaru Mooru Ombhatthu]]'' (1970)...Sripathi
*''[[Nadina Bhagya]]'' (1970)
*''[[Karulina Kare]]'' (1970)
*''[[Thande Makkalu]]'' (1971)
*''[[Naguva Hoovu]]'' (1971)
*''[[Mareyada Deepavali]]'' (1972)
*''[[Maria My Darling]]'' (1980)...Stephen
*''[[Havina Hede]]'' (1981)
*''[[Chanakya (1984 film)|Chanakya]]'' (1984)
*''[[Mooru Janma]]'' (1984)
*''[[Rudranaga]]'' (1984)
*''[[Khaidi (1984 film)|Khaidi]]'' (1984)
*''[[Prachanda Kulla]]'' (1984)
*''[[Samayada Gombe]]'' (1984)...Dharmadasa
*''[[Kartavya (1985 film)|Kartavya]]'' (1985)
*''[[Belli Naaga]]'' (1986)
*''[[Hrudaya Pallavi]]'' (1987)...cameo
*''[[Brahma Vishnu Maheshwara]]'' (1988)
*''[[Bidisada Bandha]]''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bidisada Bandha (1989) Kannada movie: Cast & Crew |url=https://chiloka.com/movie/bidisada-bandha-1989 |access-date=2023-12-28 |website=chiloka.com}}</ref> (1989)...Mallikarjuna Rao
*''[[Kaliyuga Bheema]]'' (1991)
*''[[Shivanaga]]'' (1992)
*''[[Mata (2006 film)|Mata]]'' (2006)
*''[[Mast Maja Maadi]]'' (2008)
*''[[Super (2010 Indian film)|Super]]'' (2010)
*''[[Dashamukha]]'' (2012)
*''[[Navika (film)|Navika]]'' (2012)
*''[[Chaarulatha]]'' (2012)
*''[[Cool Ganesha]]'' (2013)
*''[[Pungi Daasa]]'' (2014)
*''[[Huccha Venkat (film)|Huccha Venkat]]'' (2014)
*''[[Uppi 2]]'' (2015)...legislator
{{div col end|3}}

====Tamil====
{{Colbegin}}
* ''[[Sumathi En Sundari]]'' (1971)
*''[[Maria My Darling]]'' (1980)
*''Oomai Ullangal'' (1981) - "Thulir Vidum Kalam" - as a singer with Janaki
*''[[Pagadai Panirendu]]'' (1982)
*''[[Nenjangal]]'' (1982) as Bairava
*''[[Theerpu]]'' (1982) as Alexander
*''[[Neethibathi]]'' (1983)
*''[[Sandhippu]]'' (1983)
*''[[Paayum Puli (1983 film)|Paayum Puli]]'' (1983)
*''[[Punnagai Mannan]]'' (1986) as Ranjani's father
*''[[Nayakan]]'' (1987)
*''[[Velaikkaran (1987 film)|Velaikaaran]]'' (1987)
*''[[Ulle Veliye]]'' (1993)
*''[[Ramanaa]]'' (2002)
*''[[Parijatham (2006 film)|Paarijatham]]'' (2006)
*''[[Chaarulatha]]'' (2012)
{{Colend}}

====Telugu====
{{colbegin}}
*''Kotalo Paga''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kotalo Paga (1976) |url=https://indiancine.ma/QYA |access-date=2023-04-13 |website=Indiancine.ma}}</ref> (1976) as Sanjeeva Raya
*''[[Yamakinkarudu]]'' (1982)
*''[[Gudachari No.1]]'' (1983) as Supreme
*''[[Puli Debba]]''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Puli Debba |url=https://www.tvguide.com/movies/puli-debba/cast/2000454086/ |access-date=2023-04-22 |website=TVGuide.com |language=en}}</ref> (1983) as Jayaram
*''Chandirani'' (1983)
*''[[James Bond 999]]'' (1984) as Chatterjee
*''[[Pralaya Simham]]'' (1984) as Rabandhu Sodharudu 1
*''[[Rakta Sindhuram]]'' (1985) as Bheemaraju
*''[[Prachanda Bhairavi]]''<ref>{{Citation |title=Prachanda Bhairavi Telugu Full Movie {{!}} Narasimha Raju {{!}} Prabha {{!}} KV Mahadevan {{!}} Indian Video Guru | date=20 March 2017 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aPAMw4PlQLU |access-date=2023-09-23 |language=en}}</ref> (1985) as Martanda
*''[[Mantra Dandam 1985|Mantra Dandam]]''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mantradandam (1985) {{!}} V CINEMA - Movie, Review, Cast, Songs & Release Date |url=https://www.vcinema.com/movie/about:blank |access-date=2023-12-20 |website=www.vcinema.com |language=en}}</ref> (1985)
*''[[Puli (1985 film)|Puli]]'' (1985) as Naagu
*''Kutra''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kutra (1986) |url=https://indiancine.ma/AAZS |access-date=2023-04-22 |website=Indiancine.ma}}</ref> (1986) as Sudarshan Rao
*[[Sthree Sahasam (1987 film)|''Sthree Sahasam'']]<ref>{{Citation |title=STHREE SAHASAM {{!}} TELUGU FULL MOVIE {{!}} SILK SMITHA {{!}} TELUGU MOVIE ZONE |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zmhWLjZrRjQ |access-date=2023-11-08 |language=en}}</ref> (1987) as Vajramuni
*''[[August 15 Raatri]]'' (1988)
*''Mr. Hero'' (1988)
*''[[Rao Gari Intlo Rowdy]]'' (1990)
{{Colend}}

====Malayalam====
*''[[Pournami Raavil 3D]]'' (1985)
*''[[Jackpot (1993 film)|Jackpot]]'' (1993)
*''[[Rudraksham]]'' (1994)

===Television===
*''[[Marmadesam#Ragasiyam|Marmadesam -Ragasiyam]]'' as Rungarajan
*''Maya Machindra''
*''Velan'' as Brahmarakshasan
*''[[Maragatha Veenai (TV Series)|Maragatha Veenai]]''
*''[[Agnisakshi (Kannada serial)|Agnisakshi]]''
*''My Dear Bhootham'' as Li Swan (Main Antagonist)

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb name|5676808|R. N. Sudarshan}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sudarshan, R. N.}}
[[Category:1939 births]]
[[Category:2017 deaths]]
[[Category:Male actors from Karnataka]]
[[Category:Male actors in Hindi cinema]]
[[Category:Male actors in Tamil cinema]]
[[Category:Male actors in Telugu cinema]]
[[Category:Male actors in Kannada cinema]]
[[Category:Male actors in Malayalam cinema]]
[[Category:Kannada film producers]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian male actors]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian male actors]]
[[Category:Film producers from Karnataka]]
[[Category:Indian male film actors]]
[[Category:Male actors in Kannada television]]
[[Category:Indian male television actors]]
[[Category:Tamil male television actors]]
[[Category:Deaths from kidney disease]]

Vakataka dynasty

2026-03-12T19:38:00Z

Vilianapcm: added info

{{Short description|Indian dynasty in the Deccan (250–510)}}
{{pp-protected|small=yes}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2015}}
{{Infobox country
| conventional_long_name = Vakataka dynasty
| common_name =
| era = [[Middle Kingdoms of India|Classical India]]
| year_start = {{Circa|250}}
| year_end = {{Circa|510}}
| p1 = Western Satraps
| p2 = Satavahana dynasty
| p3 = Abhira dynasty
| s1 = Kalachuris of Mahishmati
| s2 = Vishnukundina
| s3 = Chalukya dynasty
| s4 = Rajarsitulyakula
| image_map = {{Location map+
|South Asia
|overlay_image=Map of the Vakatakas.png
| width=290 
| float = center
| border =none
| nodiv = 1
| mini = 1
| relief = yes
| places =
{{Annotation|text-align=center|230|5|South-Asia 350 CE|font-weight=bold|font-style=normal|font-size=10|color=#000000}}
{{Annotation|text-align=center|175|84|[[Licchavi (kingdom)|LICCHAVIS]]|font-weight=bold|font-style=normal|font-size=7|color=#000000}}
{{Annotation|text-align=center|215|113|[[Gauda Kingdom|GAUDA]]|font-weight=bold|font-style=normal|font-size=7|color=#000000}}
{{Annotation|text-align=center|225|100|[[Varman dynasty|VARMANS]]|font-weight=bold|font-style=normal|font-size=7|color=#000000}}
{{Annotation|text-align=center|130|185|[[Andhra Ikshvaku|IKSHVAKUS]]|font-weight=bold|font-style=normal|font-size=6|color=#000000}}
{{Annotation|text-align=center|115|225|[[Kalabhra dynasty|KALABHRAS]]|font-weight=bold|font-style=normal|font-size=7|color=#000000}}
{{Annotation|text-align=center|115|205|[[Western Ganga dynasty|WESTERN GANGAS]]|font-weight=bold|font-style=normal|font-size=6|color=#000000}}
{{Annotation|text-align=center|95|190|[[Kadamba dynasty|KADAMBAS]]|font-weight=bold|font-style=normal|font-size=6|color=#000000}}
{{Annotation|text-align=center|130|197|[[Pallava dynasty|PALLAVAS]]|font-weight=bold|font-style=normal|font-size=6|color=#000000}}
{{Annotation|text-align=center|85|54|[[Kushan Empire|LITTLE KUSHANS]]|font-weight=bold|font-style=normal|font-size=7|color=#000000}}
{{Annotation|text-align=center|55|75|[[Hind (Sasanian province)|SASANIAN HIND]]|font-weight=bold|font-style=normal|font-size=6|color=#000000}}
{{Annotation|text-align=center|165|150|[[Mahameghavahana dynasty|KALINGAS]]|font-weight=bold|font-style=normal|font-size=7|color=#000000}}
{{Annotation|text-align=center|70|105|[[Western Satraps|WESTERN SATRAPS]]|font-weight=bold|font-style=normal|font-size=7|color=#000000}}
{{Annotation|text-align=center|200|125|[[Samatata|SAMATATAS]]|font-weight=bold|font-style=normal|font-size=7|color=#000000}}
{{Annotation|text-align=center|135|90|[[Gupta Empire|GUPTA EMPIRE]]|font-weight=bold|font-style=normal|font-size=9|color=#000000}}
{{Annotation|text-align=center|5|5|[[Kidarites|KIDARITES]]|font-weight=bold|font-style=normal|font-size=7|color=#000000}}
{{Annotation|text-align=center|20|20|[[Kushano-Sasanian Kingdom|KUSHANO- SASANIANS]]|font-weight=bold|font-style=normal|font-size=7|color=#000000}}
{{Annotation|text-align=center|1|55|[[Sasanian Empire|SASANIAN EMPIRE]]|font-weight=bold|font-style=normal|font-size=9|color=#000000}}
|caption={{center|Approximate extent of the Vakataka territories circa 350 CE.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Schwartzberg |first1=Joseph E. |title=A Historical atlas of South Asia |date=1978 |publisher=University of Chicago Press |location=Chicago |page=145, map XIV.1 (i)|isbn=0226742210 |url=https://dsal.uchicago.edu/cgi-bin/reference/schwartzberg/query.py?object=182&display_type=image_display#gsc.tab=0}}</ref>}}
}}
| image_map_caption =
| capital = [[Washim|Vatsagulma]] (Now [[Washim]])
| common_languages = [[Maharashtri Prakrit]]<ref>{{Cite book |last=Karve |first=Irawati Karmarkar |url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Maharashtra_Land_and_Its_People/oLkLAQAAIAAJ?hl=en |title=Maharashtra, Land and Its People |date=1968 |publisher=Directorate of Government Printing, Stationery and Publications, Maharashtra State |pages=56 |language=en |quote=All the dynasties which followed the Satavahana dynasty were patrons of Maharashtri. They, however, did not have Pratishthan as their capital but their capitals were not far from it. The Satavahanas were followed by Chalukyas, Vakatakas and then by Rashtrakutas.}}</ref> [[Sanskrit]]
| religion = [[Hinduism]] [[Buddhism]] [[Jainism]]
| government_type = Monarchy
| leader1 = [[Vindhyashakti]]
| year_leader1 = 250–270
| leader2 = [[Pravarasena I]]
| year_leader2 = 270–330
| leader3 = [[Harishena]]
| year_leader3 = 480–510
| title_leader = [[Maharaja]]<ref>{{Cite book |last=Singh |first=Upinder |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GW5Gx0HSXKUC&pg=PA482 |title=A History of Ancient and Early Medieval India: From the Stone Age to the 12th Century |date=2008 |publisher=Pearson Education India |isbn=978-81-317-1677-9 |pages=482 |language=en|quote=Pravarasena I was the only Vakataka king with the imperial title ''samrat''; the others had the relatively modest title ''maharaja''.}}</ref>
| today = [[India]]
| demonym =
| area_km2 =
| area_rank =
| GDP_PPP =
| GDP_PPP_year =
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}}
{{Vakataka Infobox}}

The '''Vakataka dynasty''' ({{IAST3|Vākāṭaka}}) was an [[Outline of ancient India|ancient Indian]] dynasty that originated from the [[Deccan Plateau|Deccan]] in the mid-3rd century CE. Their state is believed to have extended from the southern edges of [[Malwa]] and [[Gujarat]] in the north to the [[Tungabhadra River]] in the south as well as from the [[Arabian Sea]] in the west to the edges of [[Chhattisgarh]] in the east. They were the most important successors of the [[Satavahanas]] in the [[Deccan Plateau|Deccan]] and contemporaneous with the [[Gupta Empire|Guptas]] in northern India.

Little is known about [[Vindhyashakti]] ({{reign|250|270}}), the founder of the family. Territorial expansion began in the reign of his son [[Pravarasena I]]. It is generally believed that the Vakataka dynasty was divided into four branches after Pravarasena I. Two branches are known, and two are unknown. The known branches are the Pravarapura-Nandivardhana branch and the Vatsagulma branch. [[Gupta Empire|Gupta Emperor]] [[Chandragupta II]] married his daughter into the Vakataka royal family and, with their support, annexed [[Gujarat]] from the [[Western Satraps|Saka Satraps]] in 4th century CE. The power vacuum left by the Vakatakas were filled by that of the [[Chalukyas of Badami]] in the [[Deccan|Deccan region]].<ref>Ancient India, A History Textbook for Class XI, Ram Sharan Sharma, National Council of Educational Research and Training, India, pp 211</ref> The Vakatakas are noted for having been patrons of the arts, architecture and literature. They led public works and their monuments are a visible legacy. The rock-cut Buddhist ''[[Vihāra|viharas]]'' and [[Chaitya|''chaityas'']] of [[Ajanta Caves]] (a [[UNESCO World Heritage Site]]) were built under the patronage of Vakataka king, [[Harishena]].

==Vindhyashakti==
The founder of the dynasty was [[Vindhyashakti]] ({{reign|250|270}}), whose name is derived from the name of the goddess [[Vindhyavasini]]. The dynasty may be originated there. Almost nothing is known about Vindhyashakti, the founder of the Vakatakas. In the Cave XVI inscription of Ajanta he was described as the ''banner of the Vakataka family'' and a ''[[Dvija]]''. It is stated in this inscription that he added to his power by fighting great battles and he had a large cavalry. But no regal title is prefixed to his name in this inscription. The [[Puranas]] say that he ruled for 96 years. He was placed variously at south Deccan, Madhya Pradesh and Malwa. [[K.P. Jayaswal]] attributes Bagat, a village in the Jhansi district as the home of Vakatakas. But after refuting the theory regarding the northern home of the Vakatakas, [[Vasudev Vishnu Mirashi|V.V. Mirashi]] points out that the earliest mention of the name Vakataka occurs in an inscription found on a fragment of a pillar at [[Amravati]] which records the gift of a ''Grihapati'' (householder) Vakataka and his two wives. This Grihapati in all probability was the progenitor of Vidhyashakti. It appears from the Puranas that Vindhyasakti was a ruler of [[Vidisha]] (in the present day [[Madhya Pradesh]] state) but that is not considered to be correct.<ref>Mahajan V.D. (1960, reprint 2007) ''Ancient India'', New Delhi: [[S.Chand]], {{ISBN|81-219-0887-6}}, pp.587–8</ref>{{reliable|date=August 2016}}

As per Dr Mirashi, who has rejected the identification of Rudra deva in the Allahabad pillar inscription of Samudra Gupta with Rudra sena I. He has also pointed out there are no coins of Vakataka and there are no inscriptions of them in the north of Vindhyas. Hence, a south home of Vakatakas is correct. However, it is true that they have ruled on some of these places, since the epigraphs were available in Madhya Pradesh.{{citation needed|date=August 2016}}

==Pravarasena I==
The next ruler was [[Pravarasena I]] (270–330), who maintained the realm as a great power, he was the first Vakataka ruler, who called himself a ''Samrat'' (universal ruler) and conducted wars with the [[Nagas of Padmavati|Naga]] kings. He has become an emperor in his own right, perhaps the only emperor in the dynasty, with his kingdom embracing a good portion of North India and whole of Deccan. He carried his arms to the Narmada in the north and annexed the kingdom of Purika which was being ruled by a king named Sisuka. In any case, he certainly ruled from Bundelkhand in the north (though Dr Mirashi does not accept that he has crossed the Narmada) to the present Andhra Pradesh in the south. The puranas assign him a reign of 60 years.

As per V.V. Mirashi, it is unlikely that he made any conquest in Northern Maharashtra, Gujarat or Konkan. But, he may have conquered parts of North Kuntala comprising Kolhapur, Satara and Solapur districts of [[Maharashtra]]. In the east, he may have carried his arms to Dakshina Kosala, Kalinga and Andhra. He was a follower of Vedic religion and performed several ''Yajnas'' (sacrifices) which include Agnishtoma, Aptoryama, Ukthya, Shodasin, Atiratra, Vajapeya, Brihaspatisava, Sadyaskra and four Asvamedhas. He heavily donated to the Brahmins during the Vajapeya sacrifice as per the Puranas. He also took up the title of ''Dharmamaharaja'' in addition to ''Samrat''. He called himself as ''Haritiputra''. His prime minister Deva was a very pious and learned Brahmin. The Puranas say that Pravarasena I had four sons. He married his son Gautamiputra to a daughter of King [[Bhavanaga]] of the powerful Bharashiva family, which might have proved to be helpful. However, Gautamiputra predeceased him and he was succeeded by his grandson [[Rudrasena I (Vakataka king)|Rudrasena I]], the son of Gautamiputra. His second son, [[Sarvasena]] set up his capital at Vatsagulma (the present day [[Washim]]). Nothing is known about the dynasties set up by the other two sons.<ref>Mahajan V.D. (1960, reprint 2007) ''Ancient India'', New Delhi: S. Chand, {{ISBN|81-219-0887-6}}, p.588</ref><ref>The Vakataka Gupta age (Circa 200–550 A.D.)
by Majumdar, Ramesh Chandra; Altekar, Anant Sadashiv, 1954</ref>

==Branches of Vakataka dynasty==
It is generally believed that the Vakataka ruling family was divided into four branches after Pravarasena I. Two branches are known and two are unknown. The known branches are the Pravarpura-Nandivardhana branch and the Vatsagulma branch.

===Pravarapura-Nandivardhana branch===
[[File:Nagardhan Fort.jpg|thumb|Ruins of Nandivardhana fort]]
The Pravarapura-Nandivardhana branch ruled from various sites like Pravarapura (Paunar) in [[Wardha district]] and Mansar and Nandivardhan (Nagardhan) in [[Nagpur district]]. This branch maintained matrimonial relations with the Imperial Guptas.

====Rudrasena I====
Not much is known about [[Rudrasena I (Vakataka king)|Rudrasena I]], the son of Gautamiputra, who ruled from Nandivardhana, near Ramtek hill, about 30 km from [[Nagpur]]. There is a mention of Rudradeva in the Allahabad pillar inscription, bundled along with the other rulers of Aryavarta. A number of scholars, like [[Anant Sadashiv Altekar|A.S. Altekar]] do not agree that Rudradeva is Rudrasena I, since if Rudrasena I had been exterminated by Samudragupta, it is extremely unlikely that his son [[Prithivishena I]] would accept a Gupta princess ([[Prabhavatigupta]]) as his daughter-in-law. Secondly, no inscription of Rudrasena I has been found north of the Narmada. The only stone inscription of Rudrasena I's reign discovered so far was found at Deotek in the present-day [[Chandrapur district]], so he can not be equated with Rudradeva of the Allahabad pillar inscription, who belonged to the Aryavarta.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.maharashtra.gov.in/pdf/gazeetter_reprint/History-I/chapter_3.pdf |title=History-Ancient Period, Chapter 3 |publisher=Government of Maharashtra website |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110615061837/http://www.maharashtra.gov.in/pdf/gazeetter_reprint/History-I/chapter_3.pdf |archive-date=15 June 2011 }}</ref>

====Prithivishena I====
Rudrasena I was succeeded by his son named [[Prithivishena I]] (355–380), and Prithivishena I was succeeded by his son named Rudrasena II.

====Rudrasena II, Divakarasena and Pravarasena II====
[[File:MansarExcavation5.JPG|thumb|left|250px|Remains of the Pravareshvara Shiva temple built by Pravarasena II at [[Mansar, India|Mansar]]]]
[[Rudrasena II]] (380–385) is said to have married [[Prabhavatigupta]], the daughter of the Gupta King [[Chandragupta II]] (375–413/15). This is now confirmed by the Kevala-Narasimha inscriptions of Ramtek, where it is announced that (Cā)mundā, a daughter of Queen Prabhavatigupta was given in marriage to the Prince Ghatotkachagupta (who was likely a son of Chandragupta II).<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Bakker |first1=Hans |last2=Isaacson |first2=Harunaga |title=The Ramtek Inscriptions II: The Vākāṭaka Inscription in the Kevala-Narasiṃha Temple |journal=Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London |year=1993 |volume=56 |issue=1 |pages=46–74 |doi=10.1017/S0041977X0000166X |jstor=620287 |s2cid=162838062 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/620287|url-access=subscription }}</ref>

Rudrasena II died fortuitously after a very short reign in 385 CE, following which [[Prabhavatigupta]] (385–405) ruled as a regent on behalf of her two sons, Divakarasena and Damodarasena (Pravarasena II) for 20 years. During this period the Vakataka realm was practically a part of the [[Gupta Empire]]. Many historians refer to this period as the Vakataka-Gupta age. While this has been widely accepted more than 30 years ago, this line of argument has no proper evidence. Prabhavati Gupta's inscription mentions about one "Deva Gupta" who is her father and the historians equated him with Chandra Gupta II. However, there is no other source to prove that Deva Gupta is really Chandra Gupta II.
Pravarasena II composed the ''Setubandha'' in [[Maharashtri Prakrit]]. A few verses of the ''[[Gaha Sattasai]]'' are also attributed to him. He shifted the capital from Nandivardhana to Pravarapura, a new city of founded by him. He built a temple dedicated to [[Rama]] in his new capital.<ref>Mahajan V.D. (1960, reprint 2007) ''Ancient India'', New Delhi: S. Chand, {{ISBN|81-219-0887-6}}, p.589</ref>{{reliable|date=August 2016}}

The highest number of so far discovered copperplate inscriptions of the Vakataka dynasty (in all 17) pertain to Pravarasena II. He is perhaps the most recorded ruler of ancient India after [[Ashoka the Great]]. See: Shreenand L. Bapat, A Second Jamb (Khandvi) Copperplate Grant of Vakataka Ruler Pravarasena II (Shravana Shuddha 13, Regnal Year 21), Annals of the Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute, Vol. 91, pp. 1–31

====Narendrasena and Prithivishena II====
Pravarasena II was succeeded by Narendrasena (440–460), under whom the Vakataka influence spread to some central Indian states. Prithivishena II, the last known king of the line, succeeded his father Narendrasena in {{Circa|460}}. He was Defeated by Vishnukundina King [[Madhava Varma II]], After his death in 480, his kingdom was probably annexed by Harishena of the Vatsagulma branch.

===Vatsagulma branch===
{{multiple image|perrow=2|total_width=450|caption_align=center
| align = right
| direction =horizontal
| header=Ajanta Caves
| image1 = Ajanta (63).jpg
| caption1 = The [[Ajanta Caves]], built under the patronage of the Vatsagulma branch of the Vakataka rulers.
| image2 = Ajanta_viewpoint.jpg
| caption2 = Bird's Eye View of Ajanta Caves.
| image3 = Ajanta cave no. 9 2010.jpg
| caption3 = Entrance of cave no. 9.
| image4 = Ajanta Ellora buddha statue aurangabad maharastra.jpg
| caption4 = Lord Buddha statue at Ajanta.
}}
The Vatsagulma branch was founded by Sarvasena, the second son of Pravarasena I after his death. King Sarvasena made Vatsagulma, the present day [[Washim]] in [[Washim district]] of [[Maharashtra]] his capital.<ref name="Mahajan">Mahajan V.D. (1960, reprint 2007) ''Ancient India'', New Delhi: S. Chand, {{ISBN|81-219-0887-6}}, pp.590–91</ref>{{reliable|date=August 2016}} The territory ruled by this branch was between the Sahydri Range and the Godavari River. They patronized some of the Buddhist caves at [[Ajanta Caves|Ajanta]].

====Sarvasena====
Sarvasena (c. 330–355) took the title of ''Dharmamaharaja''. He is also known as the author of ''Harivijaya'' in Prakrit which is based on the story of bringing the ''[[Nyctanthes arbor-tristis|parijata]]'' tree from [[Svarga|heaven]] by Krishna. This work, praised by later writers is lost. He is also known as the author of many verses of the Prakrit ''[[Gaha Sattasai]]''. One of his minister's name was Ravi. He was succeeded by his son Vindhyasena.<ref name="Mahajan"/>{{reliable|date=August 2016}}<ref name="singh1">{{cite book|last=Singh|first=Upinder|title=A History of Ancient and Early Medieval India: From the Stone Age to the 12th Century|year=2008|publisher=Pearson Education|location=New Delhi|isbn=978-81-317-1677-9|page=484}}</ref>

====Vindhyasena====
Vindhysena (c. 355–400) was also known as Vindhyashakti II. He is known from the well-known Washim plates which recorded the grant of a village situated in the northern marga (sub-division) of Nandikata (presently [[Nanded]]) in his 37th regnal year. The genealogical portion of the grant is written in Sanskrit and the formal portion in Prakrit. This is the first known land grant by any Vakataka ruler. He also took the title of ''Dharmamaharaja''.<ref name="nashik">[http://www.maharashtra.gov.in/english/gazetteer/nasik/005%20History/001%20AncientPeriod.htm Nashik district e-gazetteer – History, ancient period] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927220913/http://www.maharashtra.gov.in/english/gazetteer/nasik/005%20History/001%20AncientPeriod.htm |date=27 September 2007 }}</ref>{{reliable|date=August 2016}} Vindhyasena defeated the ruler of Kuntala, his southern neighbour. One of his minister's name was Pravara. He was succeeded by his son Pravarasena II.<ref name="Mahajan"/>{{reliable|date=August 2016}}

====Pravarasena II====
Pravarasena II ({{Circa|400}}–415) was the next ruler of whom very little is known except from the Cave XVI inscription of [[Ajanta Caves|Ajanta]], which says that he became exalted by his excellent, powerful and liberal rule. He died after a very short rule and succeeded by his minor son, who was only 8 years old when his father died. Name of this ruler is lost from the Cave XVI inscription.<ref name="nashik"/>

====Devasena====
{{ Annotated image
| image=Map of the Vakatakas.png
| width=290 
| image-width = 290 
| image-left=0 | image-top=0| float = right
| annotations =
{{Annotation|text-align=center|230|5|South-Asia 480 CE|font-weight=bold|font-style=normal|font-size=10|color=#000000}}
{{Annotation|text-align=center|175|84|[[Licchavi (kingdom)|LICCHAVIS]]|font-weight=bold|font-style=normal|font-size=7|color=#000000}}
{{Annotation|text-align=center|215|113|[[Gauda Kingdom|GAUDA]]|font-weight=bold|font-style=normal|font-size=7|color=#000000}}
{{Annotation|text-align=center|225|100|[[Varman dynasty|VARMANS]]|font-weight=bold|font-style=normal|font-size=7|color=#000000}}
{{Annotation|text-align=center|115|225|[[Kalabhra dynasty|KALABHRAS]]|font-weight=bold|font-style=normal|font-size=7|color=#000000}}
{{Annotation|text-align=center|115|205|[[Western Ganga dynasty|WESTERN GANGAS]]|font-weight=bold|font-style=normal|font-size=6|color=#000000}}
{{Annotation|text-align=center|95|190|[[Kadamba dynasty|KADAMBAS]]|font-weight=bold|font-style=normal|font-size=6|color=#000000}}
{{Annotation|text-align=center|130|197|[[Pallava dynasty|PALLAVAS]]|font-weight=bold|font-style=normal|font-size=6|color=#000000}}
{{Annotation|text-align=center|85|65|[[Alchon Huns|ALCHON HUNS]]|font-weight=bold|font-style=normal|font-size=9|color=#000000}}
{{Annotation|text-align=center|45|75|[[Hind (Sasanian province)|SASANIAN HIND]]|font-weight=bold|font-style=normal|font-size=6|color=#000000}}
{{Annotation|text-align=center|135|181|[[Vishnukundina dynasty|VISHNU- KUNDINAS]]|font-weight=bold|font-style=normal|font-size=6|color=#000000}}
{{Annotation|text-align=center|165|150|[[Pitrbhakta dynasty|KALINGA]]|font-weight=bold|font-style=normal|font-size=7|color=#000000}}
{{Annotation|text-align=center|200|125|[[Samatata|SAMATATAS]]|font-weight=bold|font-style=normal|font-size=7|color=#000000}}
{{Annotation|text-align=center|135|90|[[Gupta Empire|GUPTA EMPIRE]]|font-weight=bold|font-style=normal|font-size=9|color=#000000}}
{{Annotation|text-align=center|5|15|[[Hephthalites|HEPHTHALITES]]|font-weight=bold|font-style=normal|font-size=9|color=#000000}}
{{Annotation|text-align=center|117|139|[[File:Basic red dot.png|5px]]}}
{{Annotation|text-align=center|1|55|[[Sasanian Empire|SASANIAN EMPIRE]]|font-weight=bold|font-style=normal|font-size=9|color=#000000}}
|caption={{center|Approximate extent of Vakataka territory and location of neighbouring polities {{Circa|480 CE}}, at the end of Vakataka rule, during the reign of king [[Harishena]], when most of the caves of Ajanta (red dot) were built.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Schwartzberg |first1=Joseph E. |title=A Historical atlas of South Asia |date=1978 |publisher=University of Chicago Press |location=Chicago |page=145, map XIV.1 (i) |isbn=0226742210 |url=https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/schwartzberg/pager.html?object=182 |archive-date=24 February 2021 |access-date=25 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210224162023/https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/schwartzberg/pager.html?object=182 |url-status=dead }}</ref>}}
}}
This unknown ruler was succeeded by his son Devasena ({{Circa|450}}–475). His administration was actually run by his minister Hastibhoja.<ref name="Mahajan"/>{{reliable|date=August 2016}} During his reign, one of his servant Svaminadeva excavated a tank named ''Sudarshana'' near Washim in {{Circa|458–459}}.<ref name="nashik"/>{{reliable|date=August 2016}}

====Harishena====
Harishena (c. 475–500) succeeded his father Devasena. He was a great patron of Buddhist architecture, art and culture. The World Heritage monument [[Ajanta Caves]] is surviving example of his works. The rock cut architectural cell-XVI inscription of Ajanta states that he conquered Avanti ([[Malwa]]) in the north, Kosala ([[Chhattisgarh]]), Kalinga and Andhra in the east, [[Lata (region)|Lata]] (Central and Southern [[Gujarat]]) and Trikuta ([[Nasik district]]) in the west and Kuntala (Southern Maharashtra) in the south.<ref name="nashik"/><ref>The Vakataka Gupta age (Circa 200–550 A.D.)
by Majumdar, Ramesh Chandra; Altekar, Anant Sadashiv, 1954 – Page No. 110</ref> Varahadeva, a minister of Harishena and the son of Hastibhoja, excavated the rock-cut [[vihara]] of Cave XVI of Ajanta.<ref name="Mahajan"/>{{reliable|date=August 2016}} Three of the Buddhist caves at Ajanta, two viharas – caves XVI and XVII and a [[chaitya]] – cave XIX were excavated and decorated with painting and sculptures during the reign of Harishena.<ref name="nashik"/> According to an art historian, Walter M. Spink, all the rock-cut monuments of Ajanta excluding caves nos. 9,10,12,13 and 15A (Ref: Page No. 4, Ajanta-A Brief History and Guide – Walter M. Spink) were built during Harishena's reign.<ref>Spink, Walter, M. (2009). ''Ajanta: Defining Features'', in ''Indica'', Vol.46, No.1, Mumbai: Heras Institute of Indian History and Culture, pp.3–38</ref>

Harishena was succeeded by two rulers whose names are not known. The end of the dynasty is unknown. They were probably defeated by the Kalachuri of Mahismati.<ref name="Mahajan"/>{{reliable|date=August 2016}}

== Family tree ==

{{Chart top|width=100%|collapsed=yes|Vakataka dynasty}}

{{Tree chart/start|align=center|style=font-size:95%}}

{{Tree chart|border=1| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |A01 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
A01='''[[Vindhyashakti]]''' (1) r. {{circa}} 250–275|boxstyle_A01=border-color:#FFD700}}

{{Tree chart|border=1| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |}}

{{Tree chart|border=1| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |A01 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
A01='''[[Pravarasena I]]''' (2) r. {{circa}} 275–335|boxstyle_A01=border-color:#FFD700}}

{{Tree chart|border=1| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |,|-|-|-|^|-|-|-|-|-|.| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |}}

{{Tree chart|border=1| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |A01 | | | | | | | |A02 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
A01=''Nandivardhana- Pravapura Branch''|boxstyle_A01=border-width:0px|
A02=''Vatsagulma Branch''|boxstyle_A02=border-width:0px}}

{{Tree chart|border=1| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |A01 | | | | | | | |A02 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
A01=Gautamiputra|
A02='''[[Sarvasena I]]''' (1) r. {{circa}} 335–355|boxstyle_A02=border-color:#FFD700}}

{{Tree chart|border=1| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |}}

{{Tree chart|border=1| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |A01 | | | | | | | |A02 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
A01='''[[Rudrasena I (Vakataka king)|Rudrasena I]]''' (1) r. {{circa}} 335–360|boxstyle_A01=border-color:#FFD700|
A02='''[[Vindhyasena]]''' (2) r. {{circa}} 355–400|boxstyle_A02=border-color:#FFD700}}

{{Tree chart|border=1| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |}}

{{Tree chart|border=1| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |A01 | | | | | | | |A02 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
A01='''[[Prithivishena I]]''' (2) r. {{circa}} 360–385|boxstyle_A01=border-color:#FFD700|
A02='''[[Pravarasena II of Vatsagulma|Pravarasena II]]''' (3) r. {{circa}} 400–415|boxstyle_A02=border-color:#FFD700}}

{{Tree chart|border=1| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |!| | |A01 | | | | |!| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
A01=''[[Gupta Empire|Gupta dynasty]]''|boxstyle_A01=border-width:0px}}

{{Tree chart|border=1| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |A01 |y|A02 | | | |A03 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
A01='''[[Rudrasena II]]''' (3) r. {{circa}} 385–390|boxstyle_A01=border-color:#FFD700|
A02='''[[Prabhavatigupta]]''' ''Regent'' r. {{circa}} 390–410|boxstyle_A02=border-color:#FFD700|
A03='''[[Sarvasena II]]''' (4) r. {{circa}} 415–455|boxstyle_A03=border-color:#FFD700}}

{{Tree chart|border=1| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |,|-|-|-|+|-|-|-|.| | | |!| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |}}

{{Tree chart|border=1| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |A01 | |A02 | |A03 | |A04 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
A01='''Divakarasena''' (4) r. {{circa}} 390–410|boxstyle_A01=border-color:#FFD700|
A02='''[[Damodarasena]]''' (5) r. {{circa}} 410–420|boxstyle_A02=border-color:#FFD700|
A03='''[[Pravarasena II]]''' (6) r. {{circa}} 420–455|boxstyle_A03=border-color:#FFD700|
A04='''[[Devasena (Vakataka king)|Devasena]]''' (5) r. {{circa}} 455–480|boxstyle_A04=border-color:#FFD700}}

{{Tree chart|border=1| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |!| | | |!| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |}}

{{Tree chart|border=1| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |A01 | |A02 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
A01='''[[Narendrasena]]''' (7) r. {{circa}} 455–480|boxstyle_A01=border-color:#FFD700|
A02='''[[Harishena]]''' (6) r. {{circa}} 480–510|boxstyle_A02=border-color:#FFD700}}

{{Tree chart|border=1| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |}}

{{Tree chart|border=1| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |A01 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
A01='''[[Prithivishena II]]''' (8) r. {{circa}} 480–500|boxstyle_A01=border-color:#FFD700}}

{{Tree chart/end}}

{{Chart bottom}}

== Alternative source for the dynasty's decline ==
[[File: Foreigner on ceiling of Cave 1at Ajanta Caves photograph and drawing.jpg|thumb|Foreign dignitary in Persian dress drinking wine, on ceiling of Cave 1, at [[Ajanta Caves]], either depicting the [[Sasanian Empire|Sasanian]] embassy to [[Pulakesin II]] (610–642 CE), or simply a genre scene during the [[Vakataka Dynasty]] if the 460–480 CE dating is retained (photograph and drawing).<ref>The Buddhist Caves at Aurangabad: Transformations in Art and Religion, Pia Brancaccio, BRILL, 2010 [https://books.google.com/books?id=m_4pXm7dD78C&pg=PA82 p.82]</ref>]]
According to the eighth ''ucchvāsaḥ'' of the ''[[Dashakumaracharita]]'' of [[Daṇḍin|Dandin]], which was written probably around 125 years after the fall of the Vakataka dynasty, Harishena's son, though intelligent and accomplished in all arts, neglected the study of the ''Dandaniti'' (Political Science) and gave himself up to the enjoyment of pleasures and indulged in all sorts of vices. His subjects also followed him and led a vicious and dissolute life. Finding this a suitable opportunity, the ruler of the neighbouring ''Ashmaka'' sent his minister's son to the court of the Vakatakas. The latter ingratiated himself with the king and egged him on in his dissolute life. He also decimated his forces by various means. Ultimately, when the country was thoroughly disorganised, the ruler of Ashmaka instigated the Kadamba ruler of [[Banavasi|Vanavasi]] (in the [[Uttara Kannada|North Kanara district]]) to invade the Vakataka territory. The king called all his feudatories and decided to fight his enemy on the bank of the Varada (Wardha). While fighting with the forces of the enemy, he was treacherously attacked in the rear by some of his own feudatories and killed. The Vakataka dynasty ended with his death.<ref name="nashik" /> This fact is also corroborated by a set of three copper plates of the [[Davanagere]] record of the [[Kadamba dynasty|Kadamba]] king [[Ravivarma of Kadamba|Ravivarma]] dated 519 CE which state as per historian [[Dineshchandra Sircar|D. C. Sircar]] that the king's suzerainty extended over the whole of South India as far as the [[Narmada River|Narmada river]] in the north to the [[Kaveri|Kaveri river]] near [[Talakadu|Talakad]] (the then [[Western Ganga dynasty|Western Ganga]] capital) in the south and that the people of these lands sought his protection. This implies that the Kadambas conquered the entire Vakataka kingdom and annexed it to their territory during Ravivarma's rule (485–519 CE) probably sometime after 500 CE.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Visaria |first=Anish |title=Search, Seek, and Discover Jain Literature. |url=https://jainqq.org/ |access-date=2022-04-15 |website=JaineLibrary - jainqq.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Sircar |first=Dinesh Chandra |url=http://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.56617 |title=Epigraphia Indica Vol.33 |publisher=Archaeological Survey of India |year=1959 |pages=134–140}}</ref>

==Coinage==
Although the Vakatakas replaced the Satavahanas, it does not seem that they continued their coin-minting tradition. As of today, no Vakataka coins have ever been identified or found.<ref>Vakataka – Gupta Age Circa 200–550 A.D.by Ramesh Chandra Majumdar [https://books.google.com/books?id=OswUZtL1_CUC&pg=PA301 p.301]</ref>

==See also==
*[[Maharashtra]]
*[[Marathi people]]
*[[Maharashtri Prakrit]]
*[[Marathi people|Maratha]]
*[[Deccan Plateau|Deccan]]
*[[Marhatta (region)|Maharatta tribe or region]]

==Notes==
{{reflist}}

==References==
{{refbegin}}
* {{cite book|editor1-last=Altekar|editor1-first=Anant Sadashiv|editor2-first=Ramesh Chandra|editor2-last=Majumdar|title=Vākātaka-Gupta age : circa 200–550 A.D.|date=1986|orig-year=1967|publisher=Motilal Banarsidass|location=Delhi|isbn=81-208-0026-5|edition=1st|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OswUZtL1_CUC}}
{{refend}}

==External links==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20060603010304/http://www.maharashtra.gov.in/english/gazetteer/FINAL_GAZETTEE/his1.html History of Maharashtra] (archived)
* [http://www.tspscportal.in/telangana-history-vakataka-dynasty/102/ Vakataka Rule In Telangana]. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150117010806/http://www.tspscportal.in/telangana-history-vakataka-dynasty/102/ |date=17 January 2015 }}.

{{DEFAULTSORT:Vakataka Dynasty}}
[[Category:Vakataka dynasty| ]]
[[Category:Dynasties of India]]
[[Category:3rd-century establishments in India]]
[[Category:6th-century disestablishments in India]]
[[Category:States and territories disestablished in the 6th century]]

Peda Komira

2026-03-11T05:22:58Z

Vilianapcm:

{{Short description|Village in NTR district, Andhra Pradesh, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name =
| native_name =
| native_name_lang = te
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = [[Village]]
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Andhra Pradesh#India
| pushpin_label_position = Right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Andhra Pradesh, India
| coordinates = {{coord|16.9780|80.5036}}
| mapframe = yes
| mapframe-zoom = 13
| map_caption = Interactive map
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Andhra Pradesh]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[NTR district|NTR]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[List of mandals in Andhra Pradesh|Mandal]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[Gampalagudem mandal|Gampalagudem]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type = [[Gram Panchayat]]
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes = <ref>{{Cite web |title=District Census Handbook, Krishna - Page 260 |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/124/download/146/DH_2011_2816_PART_A_DCHB_KRISHNA.pdf}}</ref>
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 = 6.79
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 2881
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes = <ref name=population>{{cite web|title=Census 2011 |url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/pca/SearchDetails.aspx?Id=627290 |publisher=The Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India |accessdate=14 July 2015 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924131005/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/pca/SearchDetails.aspx?Id=627290 |archivedate=24 September 2015 }}</ref>
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Telugu language|Telugu]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = 
| postal_code =
| registration_plate =
| website =
| footnotes =
| leader_title = [[Sarpanch]]
| leader_name = Vemula Kasturi<ref>{{Cite web |title=PANCHAYAT DEVELOPMENT PLAN CAMPAIGN |url=https://gpdp.nic.in/sarpanchWithDetailsReport.html?OWASP_CSRFTOKEN=TC4A-AQKL-1UJO-6PGR-6EIK-KTOP-7RDM-5J81 |access-date=2023-12-17 |website=gpdp.nic.in}}</ref>
}}

'''Peda Komira''' is a village located in the [[Gampalagudem mandal]], [[NTR district]] of the [[India|Indian]] state of [[Andhra Pradesh]]. It is under the administration of [[Tiruvuru revenue division]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=District Census Handbook, Krishna |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/124/download/146/DH_2011_2816_PART_A_DCHB_KRISHNA.pdf |page=259}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Mandal wise Villages {{!}} NTR District {{!}} India |url=https://ntr.ap.gov.in/mandal-wise-villages/ |access-date=2023-12-20 |language=en-US}}</ref>

==Demographics==
According to [[2011 census of India]], the population of the village is 2,881, with 1,442 males and 1,439 females. The child population is 298, consisting of 133 males and 165 females. Scheduled Castes constitute 1,074 individuals, with 531 males and 543 females, while Scheduled Tribes number 57, with 35 males and 22 females. The literate population is 1,844, with 1,013 males and 831 females, while the illiterate population is 1,037, comprising 429 males and 608 females. There are 1,379 workers in the village, with 792 males and 587 females, and 1,502 non-workers, including 650 males and 852 females.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Andhra Pradesh, Krishna District, Gampalagudem Sub-District, Rural Area, Peda Komira Village |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/census.website/data/data-visualizations/PopulationSearch_PCA_Indicators}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{AndhraPradesh-geo-stub}}
{{NTR district}}
[[Category:Villages in NTR district]]

Mynaa

2026-03-07T20:45:49Z

Vilianapcm:

{{short description|2010 film by Prabhu Solomon}}
{{use Indian English|date=April 2013}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2022}}
{{Infobox film
| image = Mynaa poster.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[Prabhu Solomon]]
| producer = [[Shalom Studios|John Max]]
| writer = Prabhu Solomon
| starring = {{plainlist|
*[[Vidharth (actor)|Vidharth]]
*[[Amala Paul]]
}}
| music = [[D. Imman]]
| cinematography = [[M. Sukumar]]
| editing = L. V. K. Doss
| studio = [[Shalom Studios]]
| distributor = {{plainlist|
*[[AGS Entertainment]]
*[[Red Giant Movies]]
}}
| released = {{Film date|df=y|2010|11|05}}
| runtime = 146 minutes
| country = India
| language = Tamil
| budget = {{INR}} 5 [[crore]]<ref>{{Cite magazine |date=9 July 2011 |title=The new darlings of Kollywood |url=http://www.tehelka.com/story_main50.asp?filename=hub090711The.asp |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110707041158/http://www.tehelka.com/story_main50.asp?filename=hub090711The.asp |archive-date=7 July 2011 |access-date=5 July 2011 |magazine=[[Tehelka]] |volume=8 |issue=27}}</ref>
}}
'''''Mynaa''''' is a 2010 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[romantic film|romantic]] [[action drama]] film directed and written by [[Prabhu Solomon]]. Jointly distributed by [[Udhayanidhi Stalin]] and Kalpathi S. Aghoram, it stars [[Vidharth (actor)|Vidharth]] and [[Amala Paul]], while [[Sethu (actor)|Sethu]] and [[Thambi Ramaiah]] play supporting roles. The soundtrack by [[D. Imman]] garnered much anticipation prior to release,<ref>{{Cite news |date=11 October 2010 |title=Mynaa comes in for praise, again! |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/regional/movie-details/news-interviews/mynaa-comes-in-for-praise-again/articleshow/6724290.cms |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250112085320/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/regional/movie-details/news-interviews/mynaa-comes-in-for-praise-again/articleshow/6724290.cms |archive-date=12 January 2025 |work=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=10 October 2024 }}</ref> on 5 November 2010, coinciding with the [[Diwali]] festival.

The film received critical acclaim and won the [[Filmfare Award for Best Film – Tamil|Best Film Award]] at the [[58th Filmfare Awards South]]. Ramaiah went on to win the [[National Film Award for Best Supporting Actor]] in 2011. Mynaa became a major success and ended as a [[blockbuster (entertainment)|blockbuster]] among the 2010 Diwali releases and was released along with [[Dhanush]]'s ''[[Uthamaputhiran (2010 film)|Uthamaputhiran]]''. The core plot was reported to be loosely inspired by the 2006 Hong Kong film ''[[Dog Bite Dog]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |date=Jan 29, 2012 |title=Bypassing copycats, Sandalwood style |url=https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/south-masala/Bypassing-copycats-Sandalwood-style/articleshow/21434657.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20190329083728/https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/south-masala/Bypassing-copycats-Sandalwood-style/articleshow/21434657.cms |archive-date=29 March 2019 |access-date=31 January 2024 |website=[[Bangalore Mirror]]}}</ref> This film was officially remade in Bangladesh as ''[[Poramon]]'' (2013) directed by [[Jakir Hossain Raju]].{{Citation needed|date=February 2026}}

==Plot==
A convict named Suruli recalls his love for Mynaa since childhood, which becomes more intense as they grow. When Suruli was 15, he dropped out of school and became an unofficial cleaner on the [[jeep]] ferry in his village. He sees 11-year-old Mynaa and her widowed mother being thrown out of their house due to a lack of rent. Suruli becomes attracted to her as she picks her books first from the mess.

He takes the duo to his village and arranges for them to stay in a home. He also gets Mynaa into the school from which he eloped, and she keeps studying. Eight years later, Suruli is a hardworking coolie in the neighbouring town, and Mynaa is preparing for her [[Higher Secondary Certificate|+2 exams]]. She attains puberty, and love blossoms between them, which is despised by Mynaa's mother, who sees Suruli as an unworthy groom. Though Mynaa's mother assures Suruli that she will arrange their marriage, she changes her mind and arranges for Mynaa to marry a man working in [[Dubai]]. Infuriated, Suruli threatens to kill her and throws a stone near her head. He is arrested by the police and given a 15-day prison sentence for the murder threat. Mynaa's mother arranges the marriage on the 14th day (on [[Diwali]]), one day before his release.

Here comes the story of sub-jail in-charge [[Deputy superintendent of police|DSP]] Bhaskar and [[Head Constable]] Ramaiah ([[Thambi Ramaiah]]). Bhaskar married Sudha, the daughter of a very rich landlord. She has three elder brothers who adore her. Ramaiah is a happily married man who loves his wife but is childless. The jail is decorated for the pre-Diwali function, but after the function, Suruli is found to be missing. The jail staff is shocked because if something happens to him outside the jail, or if Bhaskar cannot produce him for court after Diwali, they will all face severe charges. The district jail chief gives Bhaskar a day to bring him back. Meanwhile, Bhaskar was to immediately take Sudha to [[Madurai]] to complete their Diwali shopping with her family, as this Diwali was his Thalai Diwali.{{efn|Thalai Diwali is the first Diwali of a married couple and a very special occasion in Tamil Nadu.}} To save his job, he secretly quits this tradition and goes to Suruli's village with Ramaiah.

Suruli reaches Mynaa's house by midnight, but her mother locks herself and Mynaa inside and blackmails that if Suruli tries to come in by force, she will immolate Mynaa. Suruli waits patiently outside for the groom's family. Bhaskar and Ramaiah reach the nearest small town to Suruli's village and are forced to travel on foot. They reach his village by morning. As the groom comes, Mynaa's mother comes out and blames Suruli for forcing her daughter. Mynaa refuses, and the marriage is called off. Mynaa's mother attempts to kill the duo, but Bhaskar saves them and handcuffs Suruli. Mynaa decides to proceed along with them.

On their way, they encounter more adventures, including being chased by an elephant and getting lost, thereby reaching [[Kerala]]. From there, their journey continues, with Bhaskar becoming infuriated with Suruli because he cannot celebrate his first Diwali, busy running behind Suruli. He promises to give him hell once he is back in prison. A parallel story reveals Sudha and her brothers troubling Bhaskar to come to their hometown for the festival. However, Bhaskar soon develops a soft corner for Suruli as he saves him from a freak bus accident. The four go back to their hometown together. Bhaskar promises to get Suruli released within two days and assures to get them married after Suruli is released. Ramaiah asks Mynaa to stay in his house for shelter. However, Bhaskar asks Ramaiah to let Mynaa stay in his house so that he can take her to the wedding safely the next day. On reaching his house, Bhaskar finds Sudha waiting furiously. She also accuses Mynaa of having an illegitimate relationship with Bhaskar, who scolds his wife in anger, following which she leaves the home.

The next day, Bhaskar, Ramaiah, and Suruli, while on the way to court, find a dead body on the railway track and are shocked, seeing it to be Mynaa. Bhaskar finds out that Sudha's brothers arrived at their house immediately and beat Mynaa to death, whom they thought was responsible for the trouble. They then threw her body on a railway track. Upon witnessing this, Suruli gets depressed, jumps in front of another train, and dies. Bhaskar feels guilty about the incident and becomes enraged. He quits his job, goes back to his wife's home, and kills her and her brothers. He then voluntarily surrenders and is imprisoned for 20 years in Suruli's cell.

==Cast==
{{Cast listing|
* [[Vidharth (actor)|Vidharth]] as Suruli
* [[Amala Paul]] as Mynaa, Suruli's love interest
* [[Sethu (actor)|Sethu]] as Bhaskar
* [[Prabhu (actor)|Prabhu]] as Rajendran
* [[Thambi Ramaiah]] as Ramaiah
* [[G. M. Kumar]] as Karunakaran
* [[Suzane George]] as Sudha Bhaskar
* [[Semmalar Annam]] as Vasundhara
* Sevvalai Rasu as Mayi
* Karthik as Mandoadu Manickam
* Vengaiya Balan as Kumbudu Gurusamy
* Hello Kandasamy
* Nagesh Raja as [[Flipkart]] employee
* Venkatesh as Police Officer
}}

==Production==
After completing the script, [[Prabu Solomon]] travelled 7,000 kilometres covering 26 towns across [[Tamil Nadu]], [[Kerala]], [[Andhra Pradesh]] and [[Karnataka]] as he wanted to find a location filled with dense forests and surrounded hills. He finally found it in [[Kurangani]], a town 30 kilometers from the [[municipality]] of [[Bodinayakkanur]] in [[Theni district]].{{Sfn|Dhananjayan|2014|page=507}}

Realising that well-known actors would be hesitant to stay in a remote place, Solomon decided to make the film with newcomers. It took Solomon 6 months to finalise the cast and crew. The film was shot in natural light and without any make-up being used for the actors. Due to the remoteness of the shooting location, the crew members had to trek 7 kilometres daily. Despite this, the [[principal photography]] was completed in 78 days.{{Sfn|Dhananjayan|2014|page=507}}

==Soundtrack==
The film score and soundtrack for ''Mynaa'' were composed by [[D. Imman]], collaborating with director Prabhu Solomon for the second time after ''[[Lee (2007 film)|Lee]]''. The album was released on 27 September 2010. The songs, especially the title track, became very popular, while the album was widely considered Imman's finest work yet.<ref name="TOI">{{Cite news |date=18 October 2010 |title=I found my true self with Mynaa: Imman |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/regional/news-interviews/I-found-my-true-self-with-Mynaa-Imman/articleshow/6764063.cms |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101206052341/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/regional/news-interviews/I-found-my-true-self-with-Mynaa-Imman/articleshow/6764063.cms |archive-date=6 December 2010 |access-date=15 October 2024 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Karthik |author-link=Karthik Srinivasan |date=25 September 2010 |title=Mynaa (Music review), Tamil – D.Imman |url=https://milliblog.com/2010/09/25/mynaa-music-review-tamil-d-imman/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250112090556/https://milliblog.com/2010/09/25/mynaa-music-review-tamil-d-imman/ |archive-date=12 January 2025 |access-date=12 January 2025 |website=[[Milliblog]]}}</ref> The songs "Kaiya Pudi" and "Neeyum Naanum" were called out by journalists for their similarities to the songs "[[High School Musical 3: Senior Year (soundtrack)|Can I Have This Dance]]" and "[[Right Here, Right Now (High School Musical song)|Right Here, Right Now]]" from ''[[High School Musical 3: Senior Year]]'' (2008).<ref>{{Cite web |date=22 March 2013 |title=Mynaa Kaiya Pudi Song Total Copy From High School Musical |url=http://ssmusictheblog.blogspot.in/2013/03/mynaa-kaiya-pudi-song-total-copy-from.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170111025802/http://ssmusictheblog.blogspot.in/2013/03/mynaa-kaiya-pudi-song-total-copy-from.html |archive-date=11 January 2017 |access-date=11 January 2017 |website=[[SS Music]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=S |first=Karthik |author-link=Karthik Srinivasan |title=Tamil [Other Composers] |url=https://www.itwofs.com/tamil-others.html |access-date=2026-02-11 |website=[[Itwofs]]}}</ref>

{{track listing
| headline = Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| total_length = 19:20
| title1 = Mynaa Mynaa
| extra1 = [[Shaan (singer)|Shaan]]
| lyrics1 = [[Yugabharathi]]
| length1 = 04:35
| title2 = Kichu Kichu Thambalam
| extra2 = Baby Harini, Sriranjani, S. Srimathi, G. Aathireya, Lakshman Aravind, Solar Sai
| lyrics2 = Yugabharathi
| length2 = 04:16
| title3 = Neeyum Naanum
| extra3 = [[Benny Dayal]], [[Shreya Ghoshal]]
| lyrics3 = Eknaath
| length3 = 04:57
| title4 = Jingu Chikka
| extra4 = Solar Sai, [[Kalpana Raghavendar]]
| lyrics4 = [[Yugabharathi]]
| length4 = 03:55
| title5 = Kaiya Pudi
| extra5 = [[Naresh Iyer]], [[Sadhana Sargam]]
| lyrics5 = [[Yugabharathi]]
| length5 = 04:03
| all_writing =
| title6 =
| length6 =
| title7 =
| length7 =
| title8 =
| length8 =
| title9 =
| length9 =
| title10 =
| length10 =
}}

== Reception ==
Rediff wrote, "With plenty of realism, a touch of angst and sparkling humour not to mention the hills of Theni themselves, ''Mynaa'' is an interesting romantic journey".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Srinivasan |first=Pavithra Share |date=4 November 2010 |title=Mynaa: A breath of fresh air |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/report/south-review-mynaa-review/20101104.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924151018/http://www.rediff.com/movies/report/south-review-mynaa-review/20101104.htm |archive-date=24 September 2015 |access-date=2012-08-05 |website=[[Rediff.com]]}}</ref> 

==Other versions==
The film was dubbed in [[Telugu language|Telugu]] as ''Prema Khaidi'',<ref>{{Cite web |title=Telugu Movie review - Prema Khaidi |url=https://www.idlebrain.com/movie/archive/mr-premakhaidi.html |website=[[Idlebrain.com]]}}</ref> and remade in [[Kannada]] in 2011 as ''[[Shyloo]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |date=Dec 10, 2011 |title=Shyloo: Myna sings again |url=https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/reviews/shyloo-myna-sings-again/articleshow/21458245.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250112090555/https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/reviews/shyloo-myna-sings-again/articleshow/21458245.cms |archive-date=12 January 2025 |access-date=2025-01-12 |website=[[Bangalore Mirror]] |language=en}}</ref> A [[Hindi]] remake was going to be directed by Prabhu Solomon, but never materialised.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2010-12-20 |title='Mynaa' to chirp in Hindi |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/2010/Dec/20/mynaa-to-chirp-in-hindi-212654.html |access-date=2025-01-12 |website=[[The New Indian Express]] |language=en}}</ref>

==Awards==
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;"
|-
! Ceremony
! Category
! Name
! Outcome
|-
| [[58th National Film Awards]]<ref name="national awards">{{Cite web |title=58th National Film Awards for 2010 announced |url=http://dff.nic.in/awards.asp |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131230233408/http://dff.nic.in/awards.asp |archive-date=30 December 2013 |access-date=2011-05-19 |publisher=dff.nic.in}}</ref>
|[[National Film Award for Best Supporting Actor]]
|[[Thambi Ramaiah]]
|{{won}}
|-
|rowspan="4"| [[58th Filmfare Awards South]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nominees of Idea Filmfare Awards South |url=http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/tamil/article/67252.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110604053400/http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/tamil/article/67252.html |archive-date=4 June 2011 |access-date=1 June 2011 |website=IndiaGlitz}}</ref>
|[[Filmfare Award for Best Film - Tamil]]
|[[Shalom Studios]]
|{{won}}
|-
|[[Filmfare Award for Best Director - Tamil]]
|[[Prabu Solomon]]
|{{nom}}
|-
|[[Filmfare Award for Best Actress – Tamil]]
|[[Amala Paul]]
|{{nom}}
|-
|[[Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actor - Tamil]]
|[[Thambi Ramaiah]]
|{{nom}}
|-
|rowspan="8"| [[Vijay Awards|5th Vijay Awards]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Vijay TV s Prestigious 5th Annual Vijay Awards |url=http://www.chennaiclips.com/cinema/cinenews_inner.php?id=415 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110705101759/http://www.chennaiclips.com/cinema/cinenews_inner.php?id=415 |archive-date=5 July 2011 |access-date=2025-01-12 |website=Chennaiclips.com}}</ref>
|[[Vijay Award for Best Debut Actress]]
|[[Amala Paul]]
|{{won}}
|-
|[[Vijay Award for Best Actress]]
|[[Amala Paul]]
|{{nom}}
|-
|[[Vijay Award for Best Supporting Actor]]
|[[Thambi Ramaiah]]
|{{won}}
|-
|[[Vijay Award for Best Supporting Actress]]
|[[Susan George (actress)|Susan George]]
|{{nom}}
|-
|[[Vijay Award for Best Debut Actor]]
|[[Vidharth]]
|{{won}}
|-
|[[Vijay Award for Best Cinematographer]]
|[[Sukumar (director)|Sukumar]]
|{{nom}}
|-
|[[Vijay Award for Best Story, Screenplay Writer]]
|[[Prabu Solomon]]
|{{won}}
|-
|[[Vijay Award for Best Crew]]
| [[Shalom Studios]]
|{{won}}
|-
| [[Edison Awards (India)|2nd Edison Awards]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=14 February 2011 |title=Simbu, Trisha & Enthiran win Awards |url=http://www.southdreamz.com/2011/02/simbu-trisha-enthiran-win-awards.html |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716113904/http://www.southdreamz.com/2011/02/simbu-trisha-enthiran-win-awards.html |archive-date=16 July 2011 |access-date=2011-05-19 |publisher=Southdreamz.com}}</ref>
|Best Debut Actress
|[[Amala Paul]]
|{{won}}
|-
|[[Tamil Nadu State Film Awards]]<ref>{{Cite news |date=14 July 2017 |title=TN Govt. announces Tamil Film Awards for six years |url=http://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/tn-govt-announces-tamil-film-awards-for-six-years/article19273078.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180615081711/http://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/tn-govt-announces-tamil-film-awards-for-six-years/article19273078.ece |archive-date=15 June 2018 |access-date=30 September 2022 |work=The Hindu}}</ref>
|[[Tamil Nadu State Film Award for Best Film|Best Film]]
|[[Shalom Studios]]
|{{won}}
|}

==See also==
*''[[Poramon]]'', a 2013 Bangladeshi remake

==Notes==
{{notelist}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Bibliography==
* {{Cite book |last=Dhananjayan |first=G. |author-link=G. Dhananjayan |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=e07vBwAAQBAJ |title=Pride of Tamil Cinema: 1931 to 2013 |date=2014 |publisher=Blue Ocean Publishers}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title}}

{{Prabhu Solomon}}

{{Filmfare Award for Best Film – Tamil}}
{{AGS Entertainment}}

[[Category:2010 films]]
[[Category:2010 romantic drama films]]
[[Category:2010s drama road movies]]
[[Category:2010 Indian films]]
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[[Category:2010 Tamil-language films]]
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[[Category:Films about blind people in India]]
[[Category:Films about contract killing in India]]
[[Category:Films about elephants]]
[[Category:Films about honor killing]]
[[Category:Films about murderers]]
[[Category:Films directed by Prabhu Solomon]]
[[Category:Films featuring a Best Supporting Actor National Film Award–winning performance]]
[[Category:Films scored by D. Imman]]
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Papilio Buddha (film)

2026-03-03T20:44:22Z

Vilianapcm: Created new stub!

{{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Papilio Buddha
| image = Papilio-Buddha.jpg
| caption = Official poster
| director = [[Jayan K. Cherian]]
| producer = [[Prakash Bare]] Thampy Antony
| writer = Jayan K. Cherian
| starring = [[S. P. Sreekumar]] [[Saritha Kukku]] David Briggs [[Kallen Pokkudan]] [[Padmapriya Janakiraman|Padmapriya]] [[Prakash Bare]] Thampy Antony
| music =
| cinematography = [[M J Radhakrishnan]]
| editing = Sujoy Joseph
| studio = Silicon Media Kayal Films
| distributor =
| runtime = 108 minutes
| released = {{Film date|2013|3|15|df=yes}}
| language = Malayalam English
| gross =
| country = India
}}
'''''Papilio Buddha''''' (Trans: '''Malabar Banded Peacock, Malayalam, 2013)''' is an Indian film written and directed by [[Jayan K. Cherian]].<ref name="MalayalaManorama">{{cite web|url=http://www.manoramaonline.com/cgi-bin/MMOnline.dll/portal/ep/malayalamContentView.do?contentId=10280555&programId=1073752204&BV_ID=%40%40%40&channelId=-1073750705&tabId=3|title=Director Jayan Cherian's Interview |accessdate=2011-10-26|publisher=[[Malayala Manorama|Manorama]]}}</ref> The film focuses on the atrocities committed against [[Dalits]], women, and the environment. It features [[S. P. Sreekumar]], David Briggs, and Saritha Sunil while [[Padmapriya Janakiraman|Padmapriya]], [[Prakash Bare]], and Thampy Antony play supporting roles. Kerala-based environmentalist [[Kallen Pokkudan]] appears in another important role in the film, which also casts 150 [[Adivasi]]s. The film was completely shot in [[Wayanad]], [[Kerala]] and the cinematography was done by [[M J Radhakrishnan]]. The story deals with discrimination against landless [[Dalit]]s and the politics of suppression of their struggle against the upper castes and other powerful elements locally.

==Plot==
The film unfolds in a fictional space, in a [[Dalit]] settlement called Meppara. It explores the life of a group of displaced Dalits in the [[Western Ghats]] of India and probes the new identity politics based on [[B. R. Ambedkar|Ambedkarism]], gaining momentum among the Dalits in the region, in the milieu of an ongoing land struggle. A band of displaced untouchables in the Western Ghats of India embraces [[Buddhism]] to escape oppression. The on-screen happenings are from the perspective of a young Sankaran, a [[Jawaharlal Nehru University, Delhi|Jawaharlal Nehru University]] (JNU) dropout, whose insecurity and reticence are in stark contrast to the deep-rooted faith and conviction of his father, Kandal Kariyan.

Shankaran, a young Dalit man, befriends a white [[gay]] American [[lepidopterist]] Jack, for whom he helps catch butterflies, including the rare and beautiful ''[[Papilio buddha|Papilio Buddha]]'', and it turns out the two men are romantically involved. While to the displeasure of Shankaran's elderly father, [[homosexuality]] is of little conin among this Dalit community.

Shankaran's father is a [[communist]] who feels let down by the failure to achieve equal rights. Meanwhile, Manju, a strong-minded woman who has a job as a rickshaw driver, struggles to avoid prejudice in a male-dominated career.

When Manjusree hits a lecherous union leader, and Shankaran is arrested for illegally catching butterflies, the events spark off two acts of violence that politicise and radicalise the community, some of whom are queer, who decide to shun the peaceful tactics proscribed by [[Mahatma Gandhi]] in favour of rebellion.

The film brings into focus, an example of the epic land struggles, which were fought in various regions of the state and across India, and the oppression of indigenous people by the powerful political and social establishments. It also maps [[environmental degradation]] and abuse of pristine mountain habitats by outside forces.

==Cast==
*[[S. P. Sreekumar]] as Shankaran
*David Briggs as Jack
*[[Saritha Kukku]] as Manju
*[[Kallen Pokkudan]] as Kandal Kariyan
*[[Thampi Antony]] as Ramdasji
*[[Padmapriya Janakiraman|Padmapriya]] as Collector
*Prakash Bare as SP
*[[Surabhi Lakshmi]]

==Production==
The film marks the debut of Jayan K. Cherian as a feature filmmaker. A student of Iranian filmmaker [[Abbas Kiarostami]], he had previously done several experimental films and short fictions including ''Shape of the Shapeless, Love in the Time of Foreclosure, Hidden Things, Soul of Solomon'' and ''Capturing the Signs of God''.

''Papilio Buddha'' is inspired by several events that happened in various Dalit communities in Kerala, including their struggle for land in places such as [[Chengara]], [[Meppadi]], and [[Muthanga]], and its effect on the Dalit population. The director travelled all over Kerala and tried to integrate real life experiences of Dalits, after talking to them.<ref name=TH>[http://www.thehindu.com/arts/cinema/the-butterfly-effect/article3954653.ece "The Butterfly effect"]</ref> The film was shot from [[Muthanga]] in [[Wayanad district]], Kerala. Principal photography for the film was completed in 19 days.

==Release==

===Censorship===
The film was denied censor certification by the Central Board of Film Certification (CBFC). The CBFC stated that the screening rights were denied as the film had visuals and dialogues denigrating iconic leaders including [[Mahatma Gandhi]] (In a scene from the film, a group of irate Dalits burn an effigy of Mahatma Gandhi as they oppose attempts by a mainstream political party to take up their cause by going on a fast.), [[E. M. S. Namboodiripad]] and [[Ayyankali]] apart from visuals of extreme violence and extreme torture of women by police. Jayan K. Cherian says that the ban on the public screening of the film is essentially fascistic in nature.<ref>[https://archive.today/20130126085100/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/ban-on-papilio-buddha-is-fascism/293333-60-123.html "Ban on Papilio Buddha is fascism"]</ref> Cherian says, "The Board has listed a number of reasons for denying the certification based on its archaic set of guidelines designed to give overwhelming dominance for the state. Most of the objections are about denigrating Gandhi, Ayyankali, Buddha et al. The perceived denigration seems to be coming from the realistic treatment of the climax scene - dalits' agitation and their confrontation with the police who use force to evict them."

The Censor Board had also taken exception to the language used in the film. Usage of extremely filthy language and expletives by numerous characters throughout the film, calling caste names such as 'Pulaya', 'Pulakalli', etc. in a derogatory manner, dialogues denigrating communal sections of the society etc. is what the board noted. "The typical and realistic [[Malayalam]] used by the filmmaker for the characters in this film may be different from the usual commercial film language but calling it filthy is very subjective. The atrocities the Dalit activists Sankaran and Manju go through in this film are reflections of social injustices happening in our society without exaggeration," explained Jayan.<ref>[http://www.indianexpress.com/news/makers-of-papilio-buddha-move-censor-tribunal/1004447 "Makers of 'Papilio Buddha' move censor tribunal"]</ref><ref>[http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Kochi/article3876988.ece "Papilio Buddha director terms CBFC a draconian institution "]</ref>

In January 2013, the board decided to give certification to the film after the makers agreed to mute a controversial speech by Ambedkar in the movie. In the speech, Ambedkar implies that Gandhi was cheating Dalits by denying them an electoral constituency of their own during the [[Yervada jail]] fast in 1932. Prakash Bare says, "The Censor Board had cited nearly 30 instances. Finally, we agreed to mute the offending speech and also blurring in certain scenes. We agreed as it won't change the structure of the film."<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20130402061311/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-01-14/news-and-interviews/36331413_1_iffk-film-dalit-woman "Papilio Buddha gets censor certification"]</ref>

===IFFK screening===
The film was denied a screening at the 17th [[International Film Festival of Kerala]] (IFFK) which created much controversy. The film was not included in the nine Malayalam films selected for screening in the festival in two different categories. Jayan K. Cherian kicked off the controversy by stating that he was shocked by the decision of the jury headed by director [[Sibi Malayil]]. "Private screening, especially at the film festivals, needed no censor certificates. The jury had almost taken a decision in the film's favour, but it was averted at the last moment for political reasons," he said.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20120925232932/http://www.deccanchronicle.com/channels/cities/others/time-papilio-buddha-out-iffk-739 "This time, Papilio Buddha out of IFFK"]</ref>

===Private screening===
A preview of the film was held in [[Thiruvananthapuram]] in September 2012. The screening brought a number of [[Dalit Human Rights Movement]] (DHRM) activists to the theatre hall. "The film has not shown even one-hundredth of the torture borne by us. And now they won't even allow our film to be screened," says Thathu, a Dalit who saw the film. About the denigrating remarks about Mahatma Gandhi, the director said, "Gandhi has a saintly image created through our educational system and the media. When we brought out a counter-narrative to the official one, there is no space for us. Then how can it be a democracy?"<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20120921002647/http://www.deccanchronicle.com/node/157877 "Screening the reality"]</ref>

===International premiere===
Initially banned in India and subsequently certified for theatrical distribution, ''Papilio Buddha'' had a world premiere on 19 March 2013 at the 27th London Lesbian & Gay Film Festival organised by the British Film Institute. It was the only Indian film to be selected for the festival.<ref name=BFI>[https://www.bfi.org.uk/features/festival-gem-papilio-buddha "Festival gem: Papilio Buddha"]. [[British Film Institute]]. Retrieved 29 May 2013.</ref><ref name=premiere>[http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/unfettered-feature/article4446569.ece "Unfettered feature"]. ''[[The Hindu]]''. 25 February 2013. Retrieved 29 May 2013.</ref> The film was an inaugural film in three festivals — International Film Festival Thrissur, Chittur Panchajanayam International Film Festival and Jamia Milia Malayalam Film Festival.<ref name=premiere/> The film has been screened at Montreal World Film Festival, Trinidad and Tobago Film Festival and Athens International Film and Video Film Festival in 2013. The film was the only Indian film selected to be screened in the Panorama Section at the [[64th Berlin International Film Festival]].<ref>[http://www.eluniversal.com/arte-y-entretenimiento/131220/filmes-brasilenos-y-lo-ultimo-de-gondry-estaran-en-berlin "Filmes brasileños y lo último de Gondry estarán en Berlín"] (in Spanish). ''[[El Universal (Caracas)|El Universal]]''. 20 December 2013. Retrieved 20 December 2013.</ref>

===Theatrical release===
The film reached theatres on 15 March 2013.<ref name=IE>[http://www.indianexpress.com/news/identity-crisis/1089483/ "Identity Crisis"]. ''[[Indian Express]]''. 18 March 2013. Retrieved 29 May 2013.</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20130318095548/http://www.sify.com/movies/four-new-malayalam-releases-today-mar-15-news-malayalam-ndpjnzhhebi.html "Four new Malayalam releases today (Mar 15)]". [[Sify.com]]. 15 March 2013. Retrieved 29 May 2013.</ref>

==Reception==
Malayalam writer Deedi Damodaran included ''Papilio Buddha'' among the five films that she feels were fair in portraying the gender issue in a feature published by ''[[The Hindu]]''.<ref name=DeediDamodaran>Rasmi Binoy ( 7 March 2013).[http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/in-a-positive-light/article4484542.ece "In a positive light"]. ''[[The Hindu]]''. 25 February 2013. Retrieved 29 May 2013.</ref> She said, "Our society is not yet ready to face the statements this film makes. The film deals with gender and Dalit issues in a raw manner, and I feel these are causes that are inseparable. ''Papilio Buddha'' chooses not to beat about the bush. It is bold and clear and relevant. No wonder the state was worried by the revelations made so loudly and unapologetically."<ref name=BFI/>

Although the makers of the film vehemently opposes any negative remarks about Gandhi, a writeup on the film by Alex Davidson for the [[British Film Institute]] notes:

: To western eyes, this community may be unfamiliar, and the scorn shown towards Gandhi's teachings (principally his advocacy of hunger strikes) may shock those whose image of the leader is influenced by [[Ben Kingsley]]’s [[Academy Award|Oscar]]-winning performance in [[Richard Attenborough]]’s [[Gandhi (film)|1982 biopic]].<ref name=BFI/>

===Accolades===
The film won Jayan K. Cherian a [[Kerala State Film Award (Special Jury Award)|Special Jury Award]] for direction at the [[2012 Kerala State Film Awards]] while Saritha received a Special Jury Mention for her performance in the film.<ref name=IE/> It won the second prize for Best Narrative Feature Film at the Athens International Film and Video Festival.<ref>[http://www.ohio.edu/orgs/athensfest/index.cfm# "Athens International Film Fest Winners Announced"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111122195411/http://www.ohio.edu/orgs/athensfest/index.cfm |date=22 November 2011 }}. Athens International Film and Video Festival. Retrieved 29 May 2013.</ref> At the 2013 [[Oaxaca FilmFest]] of [[Mexico]], ''Papilio Buddha'' won two major awards. M. J.Radhakrishnan was conferred with the Best Cinematographer award and Manu Perunna won the Best Art Director award.<ref>Radhika C Pillai (4 October 2013). [https://web.archive.org/web/20131103233020/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-10-04/news-and-interviews/42716004_1_two-awards-papilio-buddha-jayan-cherian "Pappilio Buddha bags two awards"]. ''[[The Times of India]]''. Retrieved 2 November 2013.</ref>

==References==
{{reflist|2}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|2355771|Papilio Buddha}}
* [[K. Satchidanandan]] (30 November 2012). [http://tehelka.com/to-break-a-butterfly-on-a-wheel/ "To break a butterfly on a wheel"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130426044724/http://tehelka.com/to-break-a-butterfly-on-a-wheel/ |date=26 April 2013 }}. ''[[Tehelka]]''.
* [http://globalvoicesonline.org/2013/03/12/indian-censor-board-restricts-papilio-buddha-a-gandhi-critic-movie/ "Indian Censor Board Restricts Papilio Buddha, A Gandhi Critic Movie"]. Global Voices. 12 March 2013.
* S. Anandan (9 September 2012). [http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/article3876478.ece "Papilio Buddha director terms CBFC a draconian institution"]. ''The Hindu''.
* Divya Trivedi (1 October 2012). [http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/the-butterfly-effect/article3954653.ece "The Butterfly effect"]. ''The Hindu''.
* Anuj Kumar (4 October 2012). [http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/the-counter-narrative/article3964878.ece "The counter narrative"]. ''The Hindu''.
* S. R. Praveen (3 September 2012). [http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/censorship-regime-archaic-says-filmmaker/article3853783.ece "Censorship regime archaic, says film-maker"]. ''The Hindu''.
* {{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20130103050334/http://www.microfinancemonitor.com/2012/09/01/film-censorship-has-no-place-in-a-democracy-director-cherian/ "Film censorship has no place in a democracy: Director Cherian"]}}. ''Micro Finance Monitor'' ([[New York City]]). 1 September 2012.
* {{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20121231014323/http://www.microfinancemonitor.com/2012/09/01/censor-boards-rejection-of-film-triggers-debate/ "Censor board's rejection of film on Kerala Dalits triggers debate"]}}. ''Micro Finance Monitor'' ([[New York City]]). 1 September 2012.

===Reviews===
* Alex Davidson, [https://www.bfi.org.uk/features/festival-gem-papilio-buddha British Film Institute]
* Tom Cottey, [http://reflectonfilm.co.uk/2013/03/21/llgff-2013-papilio-buddha-dir-jayan-cherian-india-2012-review/ Reflections]
* J. Devika, [http://kafila.org/2012/09/24/stuck-between-gandhi-and-cultural-crap-papilio-buddha-reveals-much/ Kafila] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130331065927/http://kafila.org/2012/09/24/stuck-between-gandhi-and-cultural-crap-papilio-buddha-reveals-much/ |date=31 March 2013 }}
* Paresh C. Palicha, [http://www.rediff.com/movies/report/review-papilio-buddha-is-hard-hitting/20130318.htm Rediff]

[[Category:Films about environmental issues]]
[[Category:2013 films]]
[[Category:2013 Malayalam-language films]]
[[Category:English-language Indian films]]
[[Category:Films about the caste system in India]]
[[Category:Indian LGBTQ-related films]]
[[Category:2010s LGBTQ-related drama films]]
[[Category:2013 LGBTQ-related films]]
[[Category:Films shot in Wayanad]]
[[Category:Films shot in Pathanamthitta]]
[[Category:Films shot in Kozhikode]]
[[Category:Films set in Kerala]]
[[Category:Film censorship in India]]
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[[Category:Works subject to expurgation]]

Pon Manickavel (film)

2026-03-03T03:47:38Z

Vilianapcm: minor cleanup

{{Short description|2021 Indian action thriller film}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2019}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Pon Manickavel
| image = Pon Manickavel film poster.jpg
| caption = Official release poster
| director = A. C. Mugil
| producer = [[Nemichand Jhabak]] Hitesh Jhabak
| writer = A. C. Mugil
| starring = [[Prabhu Deva]] [[Nivetha Pethuraj]] [[Mahendran (filmmaker)|Mahendran]] [[Suresh Chandra Menon|Suresh Menon]] [[Sudhanshu Pandey]]
| music = [[D. Imman]]
| cinematography = K. G. Venkatesh
| editing = T. Shivanandeeswaran
| studio = Jhabak Movies
| distributor = [[Disney+ Hotstar]]
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2021|11|19|}}
| runtime = 133 minutes
| country = India
| language = Tamil
| budget = {{INR}}100 crore
| gross = {{INR}}30 crore
}}
'''''Pon Manickavel''''' is a 2021 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[action thriller|psychological vigilante action thriller]] film directed by A. C. Mugil of ''[[Kandaen]]'' fame. The film stars [[Prabhu Deva]] and [[Nivetha Pethuraj]] in lead roles.{{Citation needed|date=August 2025}} Music is scored by [[D. Imman]]. It is the 50th film of Prabhu Deva.<ref>{{Cite news |date=22 December 2020 |title=Prabhu Deva's next film with Deekay to have three heroines: Report |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/prabhu-devas-next-film-with-deekay-to-have-three-heroines-report/articleshow/79823617.cms |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> The film was released on 19 November 2021.<ref>{{Cite web |date=10 November 2021 |title=Pon Manickavel trailer: Prabhu Deva plays an upright cop in this thriller which will have an OTT premiere on November 19 |url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/pon-manickavel-trailer-prabhu-deva-plays-an-upright-cop-in-this-action-thriller-which-will-have-an-ott-premiere-on-november-19/f69ca1d3aa286 |website=OTT Play}}</ref> The film also marks the final film appearance of actor and director [[Mahendran (filmmaker)|Mahendran]], before his death on 2 April 2019. The film received negative reviews from critics.<ref>{{Cite web |date=19 November 2021 |title=Pon Manickavel Movie Review: Prabhudeva can do only so much to save a cliched cop film |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/pon-manickavel-movie-review-prabhudeva-can-do-only-so-much-to-save-a-cliched-cop-film-1878564-2021-11-19 |website=[[India Today]]}}</ref>

== Plot ==
A family find the beheaded body of a judge at his residence's entrance. The police department heads the investigation with Officer Peruvalathan. There were four gunshot wounds with no bullets at the scene. The [[Superintendent of police (India)|DCP]] suggests that [[Assistant commissioner of police|ACP]] Pon Manickavel assist them since he is a gun specialist. Manik has resigned from his job after one of his cases in Salem. He joins the team with a rather dull and non-serious investigation, which Peruvalathan hates, but he understands Manik. Manik concludes that the next target for the killer is an Inspector. The inspector gets a threatening message from an unknown number and requests Manik's help. But the inspector's car blasts right in front of Manik and Peruvalathan. They trace an IP address and reach the residence of an undercover officer, Kailash.

Kailash provides a photograph of the Judge and Inspector with a business tycoon, Arjun K Maran. Manik becomes Arjun's bodyguard by telling him about his past case in Salem, which ended up in a jail term and his resignation. Manik fails to convict a criminal, Sait, who raped and murdered a girl. Seeing the man out, the girl's mother shoots herself with Manik's gun. The court sentenced Manik to six months in prison due to his negligence. Arjun provides Manik with 10 Crores as requested and gains his trust. Kailash discovers that the killer is a man named Nasarathulla. Nasarathulla's granddaughter was harassed via message by Arjun, and when she filed a complaint, the police arrested Arjun, but he was released. Nasarathulla then finds his granddaughter kidnapped by some men while he is on a video call with her, and the police don't help. She was then found dead in a train accident. Police catch Nasarthulla trying to buy an illegal gun.

Having the man's image through CCTV, Manik sends it to Arjun, who says it was an old business issue. Manik protects Arjun in the Commissioner's Office, but Arjun evades an assassination attempt on him. Manik saves him, gaining his trust more. Once, trying to avoid Arjun's assassination, Manik is stabbed. In the hospital, the Commissioner tells the higher official that they are watching Arjun's movements without him knowing, suspecting his actions of having a 4th person in the case, who might be behind this or the next target. Manik set up the attacks on his house and the Commissioner's office, but the last one was real. Manik then finds out from a CCTV ad footage of the man who stabbed him and finds his name as Aaron. Aaron then tries to kill Manik's wife, Anbarasi, but Manik kills him in an abandoned building. Manik then requests Arjun to reveal the truth.

Arjun reveals the name Badrinath as the main villain. Badrinath is a more powerful businessman than Arjun, who is a womaniser. Nasarathulla's granddaughter, Heena, was one of the women he fancied. Arjun, the judge, and the inspector also raped her before handing her over to Badrinath. Arjun reveals that Heena is captive in Badrinath's villa. Manickavel rescues her and keeps her safe at his house. Badrinath receives a threatening message, and DCP Thilak heads his protection. But someone tries to target Badrinath at his home. He flees to his guesthouse and stays in an underground bunker.

Amidst these, Kailash tries to track down the unknown gun used to kill the judge. It narrows down to Manik, using the special firearm provided by Delhi Armory. Indeed, Manik had been faking all these, from protecting Arjun to protecting Badrinath. Manik kills Badrinath in his bunker after causing a distraction in the garden. Manik and Nasarathulla were in the same cell in prison, and Nasarathulla told him everything. Manik often finishes off criminals who have evaded jail terms due to influence. Manik also killed the Sait from his Salem encounter. As Manik shoots Badri, the police arrive, and Manik tells them that Nasarthulla shot Badri and turned the gun on him, so he shoots him in self-defence. The police commissioner praises him.

It follows that Nasarthulla is safe with him. Nasarathulla killed Arjun, and Manik killed the judge and the inspector. Kailash tells Manik that he vows to arrest him one day. Manik wishes him luck.

== Cast ==
{{cast listing|
* [[Prabhu Deva]] as DSP Pon Manickavel [[Indian Police Service|Indian Police service]], a gun specialist
* [[Nivetha Pethuraj]] as Anbarasi Manickavel, Manickavel's wife
* [[Sudhanshu Pandey]] as Badrinath
* [[Suresh Chandra Menon]] as Arjun K. Maran
* [[Mahendran (filmmaker)|Mahendran]] as Nasrathullah
* [[Mukesh Tiwari]] as Motilal Sait
* [[Prabhakar (Telugu actor)|Prabhakar]] as Inspector Peruvalathan
* [[Charles Vinoth]] as SP Kailash
* ''96'' Gowthamraj as a school student
* [[Athira Patel]] as Dhanya
* [[Vincent Asokan]] as ACP Thilak
* [[Uday Mahesh]] as ADGP Moorthy
* Vignesh Vijayan as Sub Inspector Nandhakumar
* Bijesh Nagesh as Constable Gopal
* [[Deepa Shankar]] as victim's mother
* Priyadarshini Rajkumar as Home Minister
* Kavitha Bharathy as Inspector Rathnavel
}}

== Production ==
The first look poster of Pon Manickavel shows Prabhu Deva as a police officer, for the first time, he is acting as a police officer in his filmography.<ref>{{Cite news |last=CR |first=Sharanya |date=20 July 2018 |title=Prabhudeva rocks the cop look in Pon Manickavel |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/prabhudeva-rocks-the-cop-look-in-pon-manickavel/articleshow/65054606.cms |access-date=27 March 2019 |work=The Times of India}}</ref> For the first time, D. Imman is composing music with Prabhu Deva in his film.{{citation needed|date=November 2021}}

== Soundtrack ==
{{Infobox album
| name = Pon Manickavel
| type = Soundtrack
| artist = [[D. Imman]]
| cover =
| alt =
| released = 2020
| recorded = 2019
| venue =
| studio = D.Imman’s Sound Factory
| genre = [[Film soundtrack|Feature film soundtrack]]
| length = 21:11
| language = Tamil
| label = [[Sony Music India]]
| producer = [[D. Imman]]
| prev_title = [[Annaatthe]]
| prev_year = 2021
| year = 2021
| next_title = [[Etharkkum Thunindhavan]]
| next_year = 2022
| misc = {{Singles
| single1 = Uthira Uthira
| single1date = 18 June 2019

| single2 = Jithaan Jithaan Jinukku
| single2date = 21 June 2019

| single3 = Pon Manickavel
| single3date = 26 June 2019

| single4 = Vizhuvathum Ezhuvathum
| single4date = 26 June 2019

| single5 = Magaraasaney
| single5date = 26 June 2019

| single6 = Magaraaniye
| single6date = 26 June 2019
}}
}}

The film's score and songs were composed by [[D. Imman]] and lyrics by [[Madhan Karky]], [[Viveka (lyricist)|Viveka]], GKB and Ranjan.

{{Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| title1 = Uthira Uthira
| lyrics1 = [[Madhan Karky]]
| extra1 = [[Shreya Ghoshal]], Sreekanth Hariharan, [[Maria Roe Vincent]]
| length1 = 3:54
| title2 = Jithaan Jithaan Jinukku
| lyrics2 = GKB
| extra2 = Shika Prabhakaran, Sukumar Rajendran
| length2 = 4:33
| title3 = Pon Manickavel
| lyrics3 = Ranjan
| length3 = 2:27
| title4 = Vizhuvathum Ezhuvathum
| lyrics4 = [[Viveka (lyricist)|Viveka]]
| length4 = 2:43
| title5 = Magaraasaney
| lyrics5 = [[Viveka (lyricist)|Viveka]]
| length5 = 4:43
| title6 = Magaraaniye
| lyrics6 = [[Viveka (lyricist)|Viveka]]
| length6 = 4:11
| extra3 = [[D. Imman]]
| extra4 = Ashwin Sharma
| extra5 = Varsha Renjith
| extra6 = [[Srinivas (singer)|Srinivas]]
| all_writing =
| title7 = Akkini Kunju ondru Kandaen
| lyrics7 = [[Bharathiyar]]
| length7 =
| title8 =
| length8 =
| title9 =
| length9 =
| title10 =
| length10 =
| total_length = 21:11
}}

== Release ==
The filmmakers initially announced that the film would be released worldwide on 21 February 2020, then later pushed to a 6 March 2020 release.<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 March 2020 |title=Prabhu Deva's 'Pon Manickavel' release pushed again |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/prabhu-devas-pon-manickavel-release-pushed-again-119760}}</ref> The film was further postponed due to the [[COVID-19 pandemic]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=13 April 2020 |title=Kerala Police thanks Kamal Haasan for his congratulatory message |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/kerala-police-thanks-kamal-haasan-for-his-congratulatory-message/articleshow/75120854.cms |access-date=7 May 2020 |work=The Times of India}}</ref> In July 2021, it was announced that the theatrical release was cancelled, and that the film would instead stream via [[Disney+ Hotstar]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=4 July 2021 |title=Pon Manickavel to release on Disney+ Hotstar |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/stories/news/2021/jul/04/pon-manickavel-to-release-on-disney-hotstar-25297.html |access-date=2021-08-10 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}</ref> The film was released on 19 November 2021.<ref>{{Cite web |date=10 November 2021 |title=Prabhudheva's Pon Manickavel trailer out, film to premiere on November 19 |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/videos/2021/nov/10/prabhudhevas-pon-manickavel-trailer-out-film-to-premiere-on-november-19-27751.html |website=[[Cinema Express]]}}</ref>

==Reception==
The film received highly negative reviews from critics and mixed reviews from the audience.{{citation needed|date=November 2022}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|8983306}}

[[Category:2021 films]]
[[Category:2021 action films]]
[[Category:Indian action films]]
[[Category:Films scored by D. Imman]]
[[Category:Indian police films]]
[[Category:2021 direct-to-video films]]
[[Category:Disney+ Hotstar original films]]
[[Category:2021 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:2019 controversies]]

Kushinagar International Airport

2026-02-25T16:02:49Z

Vilianapcm: Improved wording and formatting

{{Short description|International airport in Kushinagar, Uttar Pradesh, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2025}}
{{Infobox airport
| name = Kushinagar International Airport
| nativename-a =
| nativename-r =
| image = {{CSS image crop
|Image = Kushinagar International Airport 2021.jpg
|bSize = 400
|cWidth = 280
|cHeight = 100
|oTop = 60
|oLeft = 60
}}
| caption =
| IATA = KBK
| ICAO = VEKI
| type = Public
| owner = [[Ministry of Civil Aviation (India)|Ministry of Civil Aviation]]
| operator = [[Airports Authority of India]]
| city-served = [[Kushinagar]]
| location = Kushinagar, [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[India]]
| opened = {{start date and age|df=yes|2021|10|20}}
| elevation-m =
| elevation-f = 266
| coordinates = {{coord|26|46|12|N|083|54|29|E|type:airport}}
| website =
| pushpin_map = India Uttar Pradesh#India
| pushpin_label = '''KBK'''/VEKI
| pushpin_map_caption = Location of the airport in Uttar Pradesh
| r1-number = 11/29
| r1-length-m = 3200
| r1-length-f = 10500
| r1-surface = [[Asphalt concrete|Asphalt]]
| image-width = 250
| stat1-header = Passengers Aircraft movements Cargo tonnage
| stat1-data = 270 ({{decrease}} 98.5%) 44 ({{decrease}} 81.8%) —
| stat-year = April 2024 - March 2025
| footnotes = Source: [[Airports Authority of India|AAI]]<ref name="AAI3">{{cite web|title=Annexure III – Passenger Data|url=https://www.aai.aero/sites/default/files/traffic-news/Mar2k25Annex3.pdf|website=aai.aero|access-date=26 April 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Annexure II – Aircraft Movement Data|url=https://www.aai.aero/sites/default/files/traffic-news/Mar2k25Annex2.pdf|website=aai.aero|access-date=26 April 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Annexure IV – Freight Movement Data|url=https://www.aai.aero/sites/default/files/traffic-news/Mar2k25Annex4.pdf|website=aai.aero|access-date=26 April 2025}}</ref>
}}

'''Kushinagar International Airport''' {{airport codes|KBK|VEKI}} is an [[international airport]] serving [[Kushinagar]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[India]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Padrauna |url=https://www.aai.aero/en/node/72108 |access-date=25 June 2020 |website=[[Airports Authority of India]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Civil Aviation Promotion Policy of Uttar Pradesh 2017 |url=http://cadup.gov.in/writereaddata/pdf/52_1_Civil_Aviation_Promotion_Policy_UP_Final.pdf |access-date=25 June 2020 |publisher=Government of Uttar Pradesh |archive-date=14 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190214222033/http://cadup.gov.in/writereaddata/pdf/52_1_Civil_Aviation_Promotion_Policy_UP_Final.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> In August 2021, the airport was licensed to operate as a customs notified airport, facilitating the movement of international passengers and [[Buddhist]] pilgrims.<ref name="BS2">{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/lucknow/kushinagar-airport-takes-global-leap-puts-buddhist-circuit-on-world-map/articleshow/76598359.cms|title=Kushinagar airport takes global leap, puts Buddhist circuit on world map TNN |newspaper=The Times of India | date=25 June 2020}}</ref><ref name="PIM">{{cite web|url=http://www.up-tourism.com/tender/kushinagar_airport_project_info_report_feb2013.pdf|title=Project Information Memorandum|publisher=Government of Uttar Pradesh|access-date=5 August 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140912162619/http://www.up-tourism.com/tender/kushinagar_airport_project_info_report_feb2013.pdf|archive-date=12 September 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="Kushinagar Airport declared as Customs Notified Airport">{{cite web|url=https://currentaffairs.adda247.com/kushinagar-airport-declared-as-customs-notified-airport/|title=Kushinagar Airport declared as Customs Notified Airport|date=16 September 2021}}</ref>

The airport is struggling with a number of issues that has led to the temporary closure of operations since 2023, which are hindering hassle-free operations of the aircraft operations in particular. These problems are currently being solved since the last half of 2024, and are targeted to be finished within the last half of 2025.<ref>{{Cite web | title=Kushinagar Airport Development Tower Removals and Flight Operations Updates अगले सप्ताह हट जाएगे तीनों टावर, बिना एनओसी नहीं बनेगी टंकी, Kushinagar Hindi News - Hindustan | url=https://www.livehindustan.com/uttar-pradesh/kushinagar//story-kushinagar-airport-development-tower-removals-and-flight-operations-updates-201735674586875.html | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250102185526/https://www.livehindustan.com/uttar-pradesh/kushinagar/story-kushinagar-airport-development-tower-removals-and-flight-operations-updates-201735674586875.html | access-date=2025-11-26 | archive-date=2025-01-02}}</ref>

==History==
The central government approved a [[Viability gap funding|Viability Gap Funding]] (VGF) of 20% for the construction of Kushinagar Airport in 2013.<ref name="BS1">{{cite web|url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/kushinagar-international-airport-to-get-ready-for-take-off-113010700012_1.html|title=Kushinagar international airport to get ready for take-off|newspaper=[[Business Standard]]| date= 7 January 2013 }}</ref> The airport was to be built through a joint venture between the State Government and the [[Airports Authority of India]] (AAI).<ref name="IE">{{cite web|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/cities/lucknow/stuck-for-7-years-govt-decides-to-rope-in-aai-for-kushinagar-airport/|title=Stuck for 7 years, govt decides to rope in AAI for Kushinagar airport|newspaper=[[Indian Express]]|date= 10 May 2015 |access-date= 11 May 2015 }}</ref>

The project was initially intended to be developed on the [[Public–private partnership|public-private partnership]] model at an estimated cost of ₹ 354 [[Crore|crores]]. The State Government selected [[IL&FS]] Infrastructure Development Company Limited as project consultants. The design was inspired by inverted canopies called "Ulta Chaata".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thebetterindia.com/91624/thinkphi-ulta-chaata-rainwater-solar-energy/ |title=A Husband-Wife Duo Is Harvesting Rainwater & Solar Energy at the Same Time – Using an Umbrella |date=16 March 2017 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://india.smartcitiescouncil.com/article/inverted-canopy-recycles-water-then-generates-solar-energy-too |title=This Inverted Canopy recycles water (& then generates solar energy too) }}</ref> The Government had received 15 technical bids in 2013 from infrastructure companies for the development of the airport.<ref name="HT">{{cite web|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/lucknow/15-bids-infuse-new-life-into-kushinagar-airport-project/article1-1016310.aspx|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130224193615/http://www.hindustantimes.com/India-news/Lucknow/15-bids-infuse-new-life-into-Kushinagar-airport-project/Article1-1016310.aspx|url-status=dead|archive-date=24 February 2013|title=15 bids infuse new life into Kushinagar airport project|newspaper=[[Hindustan Times]]|date= 23 February 2013|access-date= 5 August 2014 }}</ref>

In January 2014, the state cabinet cleared the project and approved the financial bid document.<ref name="BS2" /> Despite several attempts to reduce the cost and the size of the project, the government could not convince private payers about its viability. In May 2015, the state government decided to take the support of Airport Authority of India to move ahead with the project.<ref name="IE" />

On 24 June 2020, [[Prime Minister of India|Prime Minister]] [[Narendra Modi]] recognized the Kushinagar Airport as an international airport,<ref>{{cite web |title=UP's Kushinagar, On Buddhist Circuit, To Get "International Airport" |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/kushinagar-airport-uttar-pradesh-ups-kushinagar-on-buddhist-circuit-to-get-international-airport-2251581}}</ref> in part to attract Buddhist pilgrims.<ref>{{cite news |date=24 June 2020 |title=Cabinet approves declaration of Kushinagar airport in U.P. as international airport |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/cabinet-approves-declaration-of-kushinagar-airport-in-up-as-international-airport/article31906164.ece#! |access-date=9 August 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Chaudhury |first1=Dipanjan Roy |title=India's Buddhist outreach: International Airport at Kushinagar for Buddhist pilgrims |work=The Economic Times |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/indias-buddhist-outreach-international-airport-at-kushinagar-for-buddhist-pilgrims/articleshow/77399865.cms |access-date=9 August 2020}}</ref> In February 2021, the airport received all necessary clearances from the [[Directorate General of Civil Aviation (India)|Directorate General of Civil Aviation]] (DGCA) to be recognized as the international airport, becoming the third international airport in Uttar Pradesh after [[Lucknow Airport|Lucknow]] and [[Varanasi Airport|Varanasi]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Kushinagar Airport gets DGCAlicence for international flights {{!}} Allahabad News - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/allahabad/kushinagar-airport-gets-dgcalicence-for-international-flights/articleshow/81193821.cms |access-date=27 February 2021 |work=The Times of India |agency=TNN |language=en}}</ref>

On 20 October 2021, PM Modi officially inaugurated the airport during [[Abhidhamma Day]] celebrations at [[Kushinagar]], stating that it would boost the aviation sector and help increase international tourism from Buddhist pilgrims around the world. On that day, [[Sri Lanka]]'s Minister for Youth and Sports [[Namal Rajapaksa]] and more than a hundred members of the Buddhist clergy landed at the inauguration of the airport as the first international flight landing.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Over 100 Sri Lankan clergy, Namal Rajapaksa to attend Kushinagar airport inauguration |url=http://www.adaderana.lk/news.php?nid=77772 |access-date=2021-12-07 |website=www.adaderana.lk |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Sri Lanka sends inaugural flight to India's Kushinagar International Airport |url=http://www.adaderana.lk/news.php?nid=77813 |access-date=2021-12-07 |website=www.adaderana.lk |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=India's Kushinagar Airport declared open, Sri Lankan delegation marks first landing |url=http://www.adaderana.lk/news.php?nid=77815 |access-date=2021-12-07 |website=www.adaderana.lk |language=en}}</ref> On 26 November 2021, the first passenger flight of [[SpiceJet]] landed at the airport from Delhi with 74 passengers, becoming the first scheduled flight to land at Kushinagar International Airport.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Livemint|date=2021-10-20|title=Kushinagar International Airport to be inaugurated today by PM Modi —10 points|url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/inauguration-of-kushinagar-international-airport-today-10-points-11634691149508.html|access-date=2021-10-20|website=mint|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-10-20|title=Air India decision will boost aviation sector: PM on Kushinagar airport inauguration|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/air-india-decision-will-boost-aviation-sector-pm-on-kushinagar-airport-inauguration-7581052/|access-date=2021-10-20|website=The Indian Express|language=en}}</ref>

== Location ==
It is located {{convert|54|km}} east of [[Gorakhpur Airport]],<ref>{{cite web |title=Kushinagar airport to be a boon for migrant labourers |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/lucknow/Kushinagar-airport-to-be-a-boon-for-migrant-labourers/articleshow/18637959.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130402163211/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-02-23/lucknow/37256858_1_migrant-labourers-kushinagar-airport-state-labour |archive-date=2013-04-02 |newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|date=23 February 2013 }}</ref> {{convert|47|km}} east of [[Gorakhpur]], {{convert|34|km}} north of [[Deoria, Uttar Pradesh|Deoria]], {{convert|60|km}} south-west of [[Bettiah]] and {{convert|64|km}} west of [[Gopalganj, Bihar|Gopalganj]].

== Facilities ==
The airport has a single runway which is {{convert|3.2|km|ft|abbr=on}} long and {{convert|45|m|ft|abbr=on}} wide with number 11/29. The [[airport apron]] can accommodate 5 [[Boeing 737-900]]s at a time.<ref>{{cite news |title=UP gets its third international airport: Schedule of the first flight, other details |url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/up-gets-its-third-international-airport-schedule-of-the-first-flight-other-details-in-10-points-11614126729497.html |access-date=27 February 2021 |work=mint |date=24 February 2021 |language=en}}</ref>

==Airlines and destinations==
Due to commercial non-viability, all commercial operations from this airport were shut down. The airport is now available for VVIP flights.this Airport would be scrapped in due course of time.<ref>{{cite news |title=अगले सप्ताह हट जाएगे तीनों टावर, बिना एनओसी नहीं बनेगी टंकी |url=https://www.livehindustan.com/uttar-pradesh/kushinagar//story-kushinagar-airport-development-tower-removals-and-flight-operations-updates-201735674586875.html |access-date=8 October 2025 |work=www.livehindustan.com |date=1 January 2025 |language=hi}}</ref>

==Statistics==
{{Airport-Statistics|iata=KBK}}

==See also==
* [[List of airports in Uttar Pradesh]]
* [[UDAN|UDAN Scheme]]
* [[Buddhist pilgrimage sites]]
* [[Tourism in Uttar Pradesh]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Airports in India}}

{{authority control}}

[[Category:Airports in Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:International airports in India]]
[[Category:Kushinagar district]]
[[Category:Airports Authority of India]]

Athanasius Paulose

2026-02-21T01:19:27Z

Vilianapcm:

{{Short description|19th and 20th-century Jacobite Syrian patriarch and saint}}
{{about||Athanasius Paulose II Metropolitan of E.A.E|Athanasius Paulose II}}
{{more citations needed|date=October 2017}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2019}}
{{infobox Saint
| honorific_prefix = [[Saint]]
| name = Mor Athanasius Paulose
| image = Mor Athanasius Paulose Aluva.png
| imagesize = 250px
| alt =
| caption = Portrait of Mor Athanasius
| titles = "Snugaro d' hymonooso" (The Protector of Faith)
| birth_name = Paulose Kuttikatt
| birth_date = 23 January 1869
| birth_place = [[Angamali]]
| home_town = [[Akaparambu]]
| residence = [[Thrikkunathu Seminary]]
| death_date = {{death-date and age|25 January 1953|23 January 1869}}
| death_place = [[Thrikkunathu Seminary]]
| venerated_in = [[Jacobite Syrian Orthodox Church]] [[Oriental Orthodox Christianity]]
| canonized_date = 19 August 2004
| canonized_place = [[Cathedral of Saint George, Damascus]]
| canonized_by = Patriarch [[Ignatius Zakka I Iwas]], [[Syriac Orthodox Church]].
| major_shrine = {{UBL
| [[Thrikkunnathu Seminary|St. Mary's Church, Thrikkunnathu Seminary]]
| Patriarchal Cathedral of Mor Athanasius, Puthencruz
}}
| feast_day = 26 January
| attributes =
| patronage = [[Jacobite Syrian Orthodox Church]]
| issues =
| influences =
| influenced =
| tradition =
}}
{{infobox Christian leader
| type = Metropolitan
| name = Mar Athanasius
| title = [[Malankara Metropolitan]] and [[Aluva|Valiya Metropolitan of Alwaye]]
| predecessor = [[Coorilos Paulose|Mar Coorilos]]
| successor = [[Clemis Abraham|Mar Abraham]]
| other_post = [[Malankara Syrian Orthodox Diocese of Angamaly|Metropolitan of Angamaly]]
| rank = [[Metropolitan bishop|Valiya Metropolitan]]
| religion = [[Oriental Orthodox]]
}}

'''Paulose Mor Athanasius''', popularly known as '''Aluvayile Valiya Thirumeni''', was a [[Syriac Orthodox]] bishop who served the 18th Malankara Metropolitan of the [[Malankara Syriac Orthodox Church]] from 1918 to 1953 and also the Metropolitan of the Angamaly Diocese of the [[Malankara Syriac Orthodox Church]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Ward |first1=Gary L. |last2=Persson |first2=Bertil |last3=Bain |first3=Alan |title=Independent Bishops: An International Directory |date=1990 |publisher=Apogee Books |isbn=978-1-55888-307-9 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EpXjAAAAMAAJ&q=Athanasius+Paulose |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.syriacchristianity.info/StAt/pdf/Susthathikon.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180314174604/http://www.syriacchristianity.info/StAt/pdf/Susthathikon.pdf|url-status=usurped|archive-date=14 March 2018|title=Susthathikon|website=syriacchristianity.info|access-date=23 September 2023}}</ref>

The Feast of Mor Athanasius is held annually on 26 January.{{cn|date=February 2026}}

==Career==
On 25 November 1898, Valiya Thirumeni was ordained as a priest (Qashisho) by Saint [[Gregorios Geevarghese|Geevarghese Mar Gregorios Chathuruthiyil]]. On 28 November, he was elevated to monk (ramban).<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.syriacchristianity.info/StAt/SthaSalm.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180119091042/http://www.syriacchristianity.info/StAt/SthaSalm.htm|url-status=usurped|archive-date=19 January 2018|title = Parumala Thirumeni ordained Valiya Thirumeni as Qashisho}}</ref>

In December 1917, head of Patriarch faction Kochuparambil Paulose Mor Koorilos died, Valiya Thirumeni was selected to lead the Patriarch Faction of Malankara Church. He took office in January 1918.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.syriacchristianity.info/bio/ValiyaThirumeni.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150509020613/http://www.syriacchristianity.info/bio/ValiyaThirumeni.htm|url-status=usurped|archive-date=9 May 2015|title=Valiya Thirumeni|website=www.syriacchristianity.info|access-date=2018-07-12}}</ref>

==Death==
[[File:Vilangu Holy relics.jpg|thumb|The prayer room of Vilangu St. Mary's Church kept the Holy relics of Parumala Mor Gregorious and Mor Athanasius Paulose]]
Valiya Thirumeni died on 25 January 1953 at the age of 84. The next day he was buried at the northern side of the madbho (altar) of [[St. Mary's Church Thrikkunnathu|St. Mary's Church in Thrikkunnathu Seminary]].

==Gallery==
<gallery>
File:Mor Paulose Athanasius.jpg|Mor Paulose Athanasius and a layman
File:Athanasius Paulose Malankara Metropolitan photograph.jpg|Photograph of Mor Athanasius Paulose
</gallery>

==References==
<references />

{{s-start}}
{{s-rel|'Malankara [[Syriac Orthodox Church]] Titles}}
{{succession box|
before=[[Coorilos Paulose of Panampady|Coorilos Paulose]]|
title= [[Malankara Metropolitan]] of [[Jacobite Syrian Christian Church]]|
years=1918–1953|
after= [[Mor Yulios Elias Qoro]] Syriac Orthodox Patriarchal Delegates of India 1953-1957}}
{{s-end}}

{{authority control}}
{{Jacobite Syrian Christian Metropolitans}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Paulose, Athanasius}}
[[Category:1869 births]]
[[Category:1953 deaths]]
[[Category:Indian Christian saints]]
[[Category:Jacobite Syrian Christian Church bishops]]
[[Category:20th-century Oriental Orthodox archbishops]]
[[Category:19th-century Oriental Orthodox clergy]]
[[Category:19th-century Indian Christian clergy]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian bishops]]

Raigad district

2026-02-15T20:06:11Z

Vilianapcm: page edit

{{distinguish|text=[[Raigarh district]] in Chhattisgarh}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2016}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Raigad district
| settlement_type = [[List of districts of Maharashtra|District of Maharashtra]]
| total_type = Total
| native_name =
| image_skyline = {{Photomontage
|size = 250
|photo1a = Elephanta Cave 3 2.jpg
|photo1b = PanoramaPointView.JPG
|photo2a = Shivaji statue, Alibag 03.jpg
|photo2b = Kalamboli image1.jpg
|photo3a = Hills Views From Raigad.jpg
}}
| image_caption = Clockwise from top-left: [[Elephanta Caves]], Hills near [[Matheran]], [[Kalamboli]], Hills around [[Raigad Fort]], [[Shivaji]] statue in [[Alibag]]
| image_map = Raigad in Maharashtra (India).svg
| image_map1 =
| map_alt =
| map_caption = Location in Maharashtra
| coordinates =
| coor_pinpoint = Alibag
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and union territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Maharashtra]]
| subdivision_type2 = Division
| subdivision_name2 = [[Konkan division|Konkan]]
| established_title = Established
| established_date =
| seat_type = Headquarters
| seat = [[Alibag]]
| parts_type = [[Tehsils of India|Subdistricts]]
| parts_style = para
| p1 = 1. [[Alibag taluka|Alibag]], 2. [[Panvel taluka|Panvel]], 3. [[Murud taluka|Murud]], 4. [[Pen taluka|Pen]], 5. [[Uran taluka|Uran]], 6. [[Karjat taluka, Raigad|Karjat]], 7. [[Khalapur taluka|Khalapur]], 8. [[Mangaon taluka|Mangaon]], 9. [[Roha]], 10. [[Sudhagad]], 11.[[Tala, Raigad|Tala]], 12. [[Mahad]], 13. [[Mhasala taluka|Mhasala]], 14. [[Shrivardhan]], 15. [[Poladpur]]
| area_total_km2 = 7152
| area_footnotes =
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_total = 2,634,200
| population_footnotes =
| population_urban = 36.91%
| population_density_km2 = auto
| demographics_type1 = Demographics
| demographics1_title1 = [[Literacy in India|Literacy]]
| demographics1_info1 = 83.14
| demographics1_title2 = Sex ratio
| demographics1_info2 = 959 per 1000 male
| governing_body = '''[[Raigad Zilla Parishad Alibag]]'''
| leader_title = Guardian Minister
| leader_name = '''[[Uday Samant]]''' {{small|([[Government of Maharashtra|Cabinet Minister MH]])}}
| leader_title4 = [[List of members of the 17th Lok Sabha|MPs]]
| leader_name4 = '''[[Sunil Tatkare]]''' {{small|([[Raigad (Lok Sabha constituency)|Raigad]])}} '''[[Shrirang Barne]]''' {{small|([[Maval (Lok Sabha constituency)|Maval]])}}
<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://164.100.9.199/ecimaps/ecipdf/state_pc_Map/Maharashtra.pdf |title=Election Commission website |access-date=14 April 2009 |archive-date=6 March 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090306045236/http://164.100.9.199/ecimaps/ecipdf/state_pc_Map/Maharashtra.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>
| leader_title1 = [[Raigad Zilla Parishad Alibag|President Z. P. Raigad]]
| leader_name1 = '''Ms. Yogita Pardhi'''
| leader_title2 = District Collector
| leader_name2 = '''Mr. Kishan Narayanrao Jawale (IAS)'''
| leader_title3 = [[Raigad Zilla Parishad Alibag|CEO Z. P. Raigad]]
| leader_name3 = '''Dr. Bharat Bastewad (IAS)'''
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +05:30
| registration_plate =
| blank_name_sec1 = [[Roads in India|Major highways]]
| blank_info_sec1 = [[National Highway 4 (India, old numbering)|NH-4]], [[National Highway 66 (India)|NH-66]]
| blank_name_sec2 = Average annual precipitation
| blank_info_sec2 = 3,884 mm
| website = {{URL|https://raigad.gov.in/en/}}
| official_name =
}}

'''Raigad district''' ({{IPA|mr|ɾaːjɡəɖ}}), previously [[Colaba fort|Colaba]] district, is a district in the [[Konkan division]] of [[Maharashtra, India]].<ref>{{cite web|title=List of districts in Maharashtra|url=http://districts.nic.in/disdetails.aspx?str_state=bXI=|website=districts.nic.in|access-date=19 November 2012}}</ref>
The headquarters of the district is [[Alibag]].Raigad district is located in western part of Maharashtra.Other major cities in the district are [[Panvel]], [[Karjat]], [[Navi Mumbai]], [[Khopoli]], [[Shrivardhan]] and [[Mahad]].

== Guardian Minister ==
{{Infobox Political post
| post = Guardian Minister Jalna
| native_name = '''पालकमंत्री जालना '''
| insignia = Emblem_of_India.svg
| insigniasize = 50px
| insigniacaption = Emblem of India
| image =
| incumbent =
| incumbentsince =
| style = [[The Honourable]]
| imagesize =
| termlength = 5 years / No time limit
| appointer = [[Chief Minister of Maharashtra]]
| residence =
| formation =
| succession =
| website = {{url|http:}}
}}

The district was renamed to [[Raigad fort|Raigad]] after the fort that was the first capital of the former [[Maratha Empire]], which in turn was renamed from its earlier name, Rairi. The fort is located in the interior regions of the district, in dense forests, on a west-facing spur of the [[Western Ghats]] of Sahyadri Range. '''In 2011 the district had a population of 2,634,200''', compared to '''2,207,929''' in 2001. The name was changed in the regime of Chief Minister [[A. R. Antulay]] on 1 January 1981.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.marathimati.net/raigad-district/ |title=रायगड जिल्हा |access-date=15 December 2017 |archive-date=6 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211006122128/https://www.marathimati.net/raigad-district/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> In 2011 urban dwellers had increased to 36.91% from 24.22% in 2001.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Raigarh District Population 2011|publisher=Census Organisation of India|url=https://www.census2011.co.in/census/district/358-raigarh.html}}</ref> [[Alibag]] is the headquarters of Raigad district.<ref>{{Cite web|title=District Map|publisher=Government of Maharashtra|url=https://raigad.gov.in/en/map-of-district/|access-date= 7 January 2021}}</ref>

Raigad district's neighbouring districts are Mumbai, Thane districts on North, Pune district on East, Satara district on South East, Ratnagiri district is present on South side and Arabian sea on West.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Sawadi|first=A.B.|title=महाराष्ट्राचा भूगोल|publisher=Nirali publication|year=2020|location=Pune, India|pages=8|language=mr}}</ref>

==History==
{{Further|History of Raigad district}}
[[Kulaba district|Kulaba]] (also spelled Kolaba) district was split from [[Thane district]] in 1869. At this point, the northernmost parts of present-day Raigad district were retained in [[Thane district]]. Panvel, just across the bay from [[Mumbai]], was not included in Kolaba district until 1883, and [[Karjat]], an area in the north-east corner of modern Raigad district, was not placed in Kolaba district until 1891. Kolaba district was later renamed as Raigad district.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Thane District |url=https://www.maharashtratourism.gov.in/-/thane |access-date=2023-09-29 |website=DOT-Maharashtra Tourism |language=en-US}}</ref>

In July 2023, a major [[2023 Raigad landslide|landslide]], caused by torrential rains, resulted in at least 22 deaths,<ref name="financialexpress.com">{{cite web | url=https://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/maharashtra-raigad-landslide-death-toll-rises-to-22-search-operation-resumes-for-third-day/3182488/ | title=Maharashtra: Raigad landslide death toll rises to 26, search operation continued for third day | date=22 July 2023 }}</ref> with more than 100 feared trapped under debris.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |last1=Mascarenhas |first1=Francis |last2=Jamkhandikar |first2=Shilpa |date=2023-07-20 |title=Ten dead, more than a 100 feared trapped in landslide in India after heavy rain |language=en |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/india/four-dead-more-than-100-feared-trapped-landslide-india-2023-07-20/ |access-date=2023-07-20}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=India: Deadly landslide traps several under debris – DW – 07/20/2023 |url=https://www.dw.com/en/india-deadly-landslide-traps-several-under-debris/a-66291661 |access-date=2023-07-20 |website=dw.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-07-20 |title=Landslide in Maharashtra's Raigad, 22 people rescued, many feared trapped |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/landslide-in-maharashtras-raigad-22-people-rescued-many-feared-trapped/articleshow/101970676.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2023-07-20 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=India: Five dead, some trapped, in landslide in Maharashtra after heavy rain |url=https://www.wionews.com/india-news/india-five-dead-some-trapped-in-landslide-in-maharashtra-after-heavy-rain-617689 |access-date=2023-07-20 |website=WION |language=en-us}}</ref> Over half of the houses in the hillside village, precisely 17 out of 48, were either entirely or partially buried by the debris from the landslide.<ref name="financialexpress.com"/>

==Geography==

The district is bounded by [[Mumbai Harbour]] to the northwest, [[Thane district]] to the north, [[Pune district]] to the east, [[Ratnagiri district]] to the south and the [[Arabian Sea]] to the west. It includes the large natural harbour of Pen-Mandwa, which is immediately south of [[Mumbai harbour]], and forming a single [[landform]] with it.

The northern part of the district is included in the planned metropolis of [[Navi Mumbai]], consisting of [[Kharghar]], [[Ulwe|Ulve node]], [[New Panvel|New Panvel and Khanda Colony]], [[Taloja]], [[Kamothe]] and [[Kalamboli]] nodes as well as [[Uran|Uran City]] and its port, the [[Nhava Sheva|JNPT]].

The district includes cities/towns [[Kharghar]], [[Taloja]], [[Kalamboli]], [[Panvel]], [[Rasayani]], [[Karjat]], [[Khopoli]], [[Matheran]], [[Uran]], [[Pen, Maharashtra|Pen]], [[Alibag]], [[Murud, Raigad|Murud-Janjira]], [[Roha]], [[Nagothane]], [[Sudhagad|Sudhagad-Pali]], [[Mangaon]], [[Mhasla]], [[Shrivardhan]], [[Mahad]], [[Birwadi]], [[Poladpur]]. The largest city in terms of Population, Industrialization as well as Area is [[Panvel]]. The district also includes the isle of Gharapuri or [[Elephanta Island|Elephanta]], located in [[Uran]] which has ancient Hindu and Buddhist caves.

==Administrative subdivisions==
Raigad district is divided into eight subdivisions, with fifteen [[taluka]]s, and 1,967 villages.<ref>{{Cite web|title=District details|publisher=Raigad District, Maharashtra State|url=http://raigad.gov.in/htmldocs/sub_division1.htm}}</ref>

*'''Sub-Divisions''': 8
*'''Talukas''': 15
*'''Towns''': 23
*'''Municipal Corporation(s)''': 1
*'''Municipal Councils''': 10
*'''Nagar Panchayats''': 6

{| class="wikitable"
! Subdivision
! Taluka
! km2
! Census 2001
! Census 2011
! Panchayats<ref>{{Cite web|title=Block Panchayats of Raigad, Maharashtra|publisher=National Panchayat Directory, Panchayat Informatics Division, National Informatics Centre, Government of India|url=http://panchayatdirectory.gov.in/adminreps/viewpansumSQL.asp?selstate=491&parenttype=D&ptype=B|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111105133942/http://panchayatdirectory.gov.in/adminreps/viewpansumSQL.asp?selstate=491&parenttype=D&ptype=B|url-status=dead|archive-date=2011-11-05}}</ref>
! Villages
|-
| rowspan="2" |Alibag
| [[Alibag]]
| align="right" | 500
| align="right" | 221,661
| align="right" | 236,167
| align="right" | 62
| align="right" | 218
|-
| [[Murud, Raigad|Murud]]
| align="right" | 231
| align="right" | 72,046
| align="right" | 74,207
| align="right" | 24
| align="right" | 74
|-
| rowspan="1" |Pen
| [[Pen, India|Pen]]
| align="right" | 499
| align="right" | 176,681
| align="right" | 195,454
| align="right" | 63
| align="right" | 171
|-
| rowspan="2" |Panvel
| [[Panvel]]
| align="right" | 631
| align="right" | 422,522
| align="right" | 750,236
| align="right" | 90
| align="right" | 177
|-
| [[Uran]]
| align="right" | 184
| align="right" | 140,351
| align="right" | 160,303
| align="right" | 34
| align="right" | 62
|-
| rowspan="2" | Karjat
| [[Karjat taluka, Raigad|Karjat]]
| align="right" | 665
| align="right" | 184,420
| align="right" | 212,051
| align="right" | 50
| align="right" | 184
|-
| [[Khalapur taluka|Khalapur]]
| align="right" | 183
| align="right" | 183,604
| align="right" | 207,464
| align="right" | 42
| align="right" | 141
|-
| rowspan="2" | Roha
| [[Roha]]
| align="right" | 643
| align="right" | 161,750
| align="right" | 167,110
| align="right" | 62
| align="right" | 162
|-
| [[Sudhagad]]
| align="right" | 467
| align="right" | 62,852
| align="right" | 62,380
| align="right" | 34
| align="right" | 98
|-
| rowspan="2" |Mangaon
| [[Mangaon]]
| align="right" | 683
| align="right" | 152,270
| align="right" | 159,613
| align="right" | 74
| align="right" | 187
|-
| [[Tala, Raigad|Tala]]
| align="right" | 250
| align="right" | 42,869
| align="right" | 40,619
| align="right" | 26
| align="right" | 61
|-
| rowspan="2" |Shrivardhan
| [[Shrivardhan]]
| align="right" | 120
| align="right" | 85,071
| align="right" | 83,027
| align="right" | 43
| align="right" | 78
|-
| [[Mhasla]]
| align="right" | 236
| align="right" | 61,010
| align="right" | 59,914
| align="right" | 40
| align="right" | 84
|-
| rowspan="2" |Mahad
| [[Mahad]]
| align="right" | 1,257
| align="right" | 186,521
| align="right" | 180,191
| align="right" | 134
| align="right" | 183
|-
| [[Poladpur]]
| align="right" | 373
| align="right" | 54,301
| align="right" | 45,464
| align="right" | 43
| align="right" | 87
|-
| align="center" | Total
| align="right" | 15
| align="right" | 7,152
| align="right" | 2,207,929
| align="right" | 2,634,200
| align="right" | 821
| align="right" | 1,967
|}

==Municipal Civic Bodies==
{{unreferenced section|date=September 2021}}
[[Panvel Municipal Corporation|Panvel]] (in [[Navi Mumbai]] city) is the main Municipal Corporations responsible for services. [[MMRDA]], [[CIDCO]], and [[Navi Mumbai Airport Influence Notified Area|NAINA]] are the special planning authorities operational in Raigad district.

===Municipal Corporations===
* [[Panvel Municipal Corporation|Panvel]]

===Municipal Councils===
* [[Alibaug|Alibag]]
* [[Uran]]
* [[Matheran]]
* [[Karjat]]
* [[Khopoli]]
* [[Pen, India|Pen]]
* [[Roha]]
* [[Murud, Raigad|Murud-Janjira]]
* [[Mahad]]
* [[Shrivardhan]]

===Nagar Panchayats===
* [[Khalapur]]
* [[Mangaon]]
* [[Poladpur]]
* [[Tala, Raigad|Tala]]
* [[Mhasla]]
* Pali-Sudhagad

===Proposed Municipal Council(s)===
* [[Neral, India|Neral-Mamdapur]]

===Proposed Nagar Panchayats===
* [[Bhivpuri]]
* [[Shelu]]
* [[Kalamb Karjat]]
* [[Kashele]]
* [[Mohpada|Rees-Mohopada]]
* [[Rasayani]]
* [[Nagothane]]
* [[Jite railway station|Jite-Kharpada]]

==Demographics==
{{historical populations|11=1901|12=7,21,083|13=1911|14=7,14,371|15=1921|16=6,77,586|17=1931|18=7,56,315|19=1941|20=8,05,157|21=1951|22=9,09,083|23=1961|24=10,58,855|25=1971|26=12,63,003|27=1981|28=14,86,452|29=1991|30=18,24,816|31=2001|32=22,07,929|33=2011|34=26,34,200|percentages=pagr|footnote=source:<ref>[http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/PCA/A2_Data_Table.html Decadal Variation In Population Since 1901]</ref>|align=center}}

{{bar box
|title=Religions in Raigad district (2011)<ref name="Religion">{{Cite web|date=2011|title=Population by Religion - Maharashtra |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/11382/download/14495/DDW27C-01%20MDDS.XLS |website=censusindia.gov.in|publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref>
|titlebar=#FCD116
|left1=Religion
|right1=Percent
|float=left
|bars=
{{bar percent|[[Hinduism in Maharashtra|Hinduism]]|darkorange|85.01}}
{{bar percent|[[Islam in Maharashtra|Islam]]|green|8.64}}
{{bar percent|[[Marathi Buddhists|Buddhism]]|yellow|4.62}}
{{bar percent|[[Christianity in Maharashtra|Christianity]]|dodgerblue|0.66}}
{{bar percent|[[Jainism in Maharashtra|Jainism]]|pink|0.47}}
{{bar percent|Other or not stated|black|0.60}}
|width=290px}}

According to the [[2011 census of India|2011 census]] Raigad district has a [[Demographics of India|population]] of 2,634,200,<ref name=districtcensus>{{cite web |title=District Census Hand Book – Raigad |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/822/download/36165/DH_2011_2724_PART_A_DCHB_RAIGARH.pdf |website=[[Census of India]] |publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref> roughly equal to the nation of [[Kuwait]]<ref name="cia">{{cite web | author = US Directorate of Intelligence | title = Country Comparison:Population | url = https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2119rank.html | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070613004507/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2119rank.html | url-status = dead | archive-date = 13 June 2007 | access-date = 2011-10-01 | quote = Kuwait 2,595,62 }}</ref> or the US state of [[Nevada]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://2010.census.gov/2010census/data/apportionment-pop-text.php |title=2010 Resident Population Data |publisher=U. S. Census Bureau |access-date=2011-09-30 |quote=Nevada 2,700,551 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131019160532/http://2010.census.gov/2010census/data/apportionment-pop-text.php |archive-date=2013-10-19 }}</ref> This gives it a ranking of 153rd in India (out of a total of [[Districts of India|640]]).<ref name=districtcensus/> The district has a population density of {{convert|368|PD/sqkm|PD/sqmi}}.<ref name=districtcensus/> Its [[Family planning in India|population growth rate]] over the decade 2001-2011 was 19.31%.<ref name=districtcensus/> Raigad has a [[sex ratio]] of 959 [[Women in India|females]] for every 1000 males,<ref name=districtcensus/> and a [[Literacy in India|literacy rate]] of 83.14%. 36.83% of the population lived in urban areas. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes make up 5.12% and 11.58% of the population respectively.<ref name=districtcensus/>

{{Pie chart
|thumb = right
|caption = Languages in Raigad district (2011)<ref name="language"/>
|label1 = [[Marathi language|Marathi]] |value1 = 79.04 |color1 = red
|label2 = [[Hindi]] |value2 = 7.06 |color2 = orange
|label3 = [[Urdu]] |value3 = 5.86 |color3 = green
|label4 = 'Other' Marathi |value4 = 1.01 |color4 = tomato
|label5 = [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]] |value5 = 0.90 |color5 = lightblue
|label6 = Others |value6 = 6.13 |color6 = grey
}}

At the time of the [[2011 Census of India]], 79.04% of the population in the district spoke [[Marathi language|Marathi]], 7.06% [[Hindi]], 5.85% [[Urdu]] and 0.90% [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]] as their first language. 1.01% of the population recorded their language as 'Others' under Marathi.<ref name="language">{{cite web |title=Table C-16 Population by Mother Tongue: Maharashtra |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/10212/download/13324/DDW-C16-STMT-MDDS-2700.XLSX |website=censusindia.gov.in|publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref>

The most populous tribes are the [[Katkari people|Katkari]], [[Thakar (tribe)|Thakar]] and Mahadev Koli.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://timesofraigad.in/raigad-district-gazetteer/|title=2008 Revised Gazetteer of Raigad}}</ref>
{{clear left}}

== Transport ==
Raigad District is connected to Mumbai by [[Sion Panvel Expressway]]. The [[Mumbai-Pune expressway]] and [[National Highway 4 (India, old numbering)|NH4]] passes through [[Panvel]]. [[NH 66]], which starts at Panvel, traverses the whole district.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=How to reach ? {{!}} District Raigad, Government of Maharashtra {{!}} India |url=https://raigad.gov.in/en/how-to-reach/ |access-date=2023-09-28 |language=en-US}}</ref> The [[Konkan Railway]] line starts at [[Roha]] and passes through [[Mangaon]] and [[Veer railway station|Veer]] in [[Mahad]]. The [[Central Railway (India)|Central Railway]] Line of Mumbai to Pune passes through [[Karjat]] with Extension Line for Karjat to [[Khopoli]]. [[Panvel railway station|Panvel Junction]] is the most important railway station in the district; it is connected to Mumbai (by both the Harbour Line and Main Line of Central Railway), Thane (by Trans-Harbour Line), Roha, Vasai (Western Railway) and Karjat. All trains, ranging from passengers to Rajdhanis stop here, and it is considered the gateway for travelling south. There is a [[narrow gauge railroad]] from [[Neral, India|Neral]] to [[Matheran]], called the [[Matheran Hill Railway]]. The main ports are [[JNPT]], Mandava, Revas, [[Murud, Raigad|Murud]], [[Dighi Port|Dighi]] and [[Shrivardhan]].<ref name=":2" />

==Education==
After the British took over the old Colaba and this region, they established four Anglo-Vernacular medium school and 30 government schools in the year 1865–66. In the year 1861 the first school for girls was started in Alibag. The Mission Church started the first English school in Alibag in 1879. Prabhakar Patil Education Society (PNP education Society) runs 27 Institutes: Five Primary English & Marathi Schools, Twenty Seven Secondary Marathi Schools, One Arts, Science & Commerce Jr. & Sr. College, One English & Marathi Medium D. Ed College, One B. Ed. College, One Polytechnic Institute and One MMS College.{{citation needed|date=September 2023}} Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) established National Institute of Securities Markets at Patalganga, tal Khalapur. Two more old and valuable institutions in Raigad District named Vasantrao Naik College Murud And Mhasla, established by the former Chief Minister of Maharashtra [[A. R. Antulay]].{{citation needed|date=February 2023}}

The [[Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Technological University]] is a unitary, [[autonomous university]] located at [[Lonere]] in Raigad district, established in 1989 under the Government of Maharashtra Act 1983.<ref>{{cite web|title=University Grant Commission|url=http://www.ugc.ac.in/uni_contactinfo.aspx?id=240|access-date=19 November 2012}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
* {{Official website|http://raigad.nic.in}}

{{Geographic location
|Centre = Raigad district
|North = [[Thane district]]
|Northeast =
|East = [[Pune district]]
|Southeast = [[Satara district]]
|South = [[Ratnagiri district]]
|Southwest =
|West = ''[[Arabian Sea]]''
|Northwest = [[Mumbai City district]]
}}

{{Maharashtra}}
{{Raigad district topics}}
{{Authority control}}

{{Coord|18|39|00|N|72|52|48|E|region:IN-MH_type:adm2nd_source:kolossus-nowiki|display=title}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Raigad District}}
[[Category:Raigad district| ]]
[[Category:1869 establishments in India]]
[[Category:Districts of Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Konkan division]]

Asit Kumar Bandyopadhyay

2026-02-09T16:37:53Z

Vilianapcm:

{{Short description|Historian of Bengali literature}}
{{distinguish|Asit Bandopadhyay|Asit Kumar Banerjee}}
{{Infobox writer
| name = Asitkumar Bandyopadhyay
| image =
| birth_date = {{birth date|1920|06|03|df=y}}
| birth_place = Nakful, [[Bangaon subdivision]], [[North 24 Parganas district|North 24 Paraganas]], [[British India|India]]
| death_date = {{death date and age|2003|03|21|1920|06|03|df=y}}
| death_place = [[Kolkata]], [[West Bengal]], India
| occupation = Historian, Professor, Researcher,President of [[Paschimbanga Bangla Akademi]]{{citation needed|date=June 2023}}
| language = [[Bengali language|Bengali]]
| genre = Research, History
| notable_works = Bangla sahityer itibritta,<ref name=sahitya>{{Cite book |last=Bandyopadhyay |first=Asitkumar |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.301845 |title=বাংলা সাহিত্যের ইতিবৃত্ত |date= |publisher=Dinesh Chandra Basu, Modern Book Agency Pvt. Ltd. |year=1959 |location=Kolkata |language=bn |trans-title=History of Bengali Literature}}</ref>
 Unabingsha shatabdir Prathamardha aar Bangla sahitya,<ref name=century>{{Cite book |last=Bandyopadhyay |first=Asitkumar |title=ঊনবিংশ শতাব্দীর প্রথমার্ধ ও বাংলা সাহিত্য|language=bn |trans-title=19th century and Bengali literature}}</ref> Bangla Sahitye [[Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar|Bidyasagar]], Sahitya Jigyasay Rabindranath.
| education = [[Howrah Zilla School]] Surendranath College [[Calcutta University]]
}}

'''Asit Kumar Bandyopadhyay''' (3 June 1920 – 21 March 2003) was a historian of [[Bengali literature]], professor, researcher and former president of [[Paschimbanga Bangla Akademi#Members|Paschimbanga Bangla Akademi]]. He got famous due to his book ''Bangla Sahityer Itibritta'' which is published in nine volumes.<ref name="Basu">{{Cite book |last=Basu |first=Anjali |title=Samsad Bangali Charitabidhan |date=Jan 2019 |publisher=Sahitya Samsad |isbn=978-81-7955-292-6 |edition=Second |location=Kolkata |pages=43 |language=Bengali}}</ref>

==Life==

Asitkumar Banerjee was born in Nakphule Matulalay in present [[North 24 Parganas District]] [[Bangaon subdivision]]. His father was Akshay Kumar Banerjee, mother was Charubala Devi. From 1925, they lived in [[Howrah]].

In 1938, he passed matric from [[Howrah Zilla School]] in Bengal with 77% marks, becoming the first in the district in this subject. He then stood first in the IA examination from Ripon College(now [[Surendranath College]]) among candidates from Bengal and [[Assam]].Then from [[Calcutta University]] in BA and MA examination (in 1945) in [[Bengali Literature]], he stood first in the first class and won the gold medal. During his college life, he translated the speeches given by [[Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose]] from 1942 into Bengali and printed them in ''Forward'' newspaper. As a student, his stories were published in ''[[Desh (magazine)|Desh]]'' and [[Navashakti]] of [[Advaita Mallavarman]].

After passing his MA in 1945, he started teaching at [[Nabadwip Vidyasagar College]] that same year. Later he joined Ripon College and the Bengali Department of [[Calcutta University]] in 1957. In 2002, after the death of [[Annadashankar Ray|Annandashankar Roy]], he took the post of president of [[Paschimbanga Bangla Akademi]] and remained in that position for life.<ref name="Basu"/>

==Notable works==
* '''Bangla sahityer itibritta''': This is Asitkumar Banerjee's best work. It is a detailed history of [[Bengali literature]] published in nine volumes.<ref name=sahitya /> He also authored a summarised version of the book.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Bandyopadhyay |first=Asitkumar |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.458177 |title=বাংলা সাহিত্যের সংক্ষিপ্ত ইতিবৃত্ত |date= |publisher=Dinesh Chandra Basu, Modern Book Agency Pvt. Ltd. |year=1963 |location=Kolkata |language=bn |trans-title=Short history of Bengali Literature}}</ref>
* ''Smriti Bismriti Darpan'' (Autobiography)

Other books written by him are written on the [[Bengali Renaissance]]. Notable among these are:
* ''Unabingsha shatabdir Prathamardha aar Bangla sahitya''<ref name = century />
* ''Bangla Sahitye [[Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar|Bidyasagar]]''
* ''Sahitya Jigyasay Rabindranath''

He also authored some books of ''Sahitya Parishat Patrika''.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Bandyopadhyay |first=Asitkumar |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.337356 |title=Parishad patrika |publisher=Vangiya Sahitya Parishat |year=1977 |location=Kolkata |language=bn}}</ref>

==Honours==
Apart from being president of [[Paschimbanga Bangla Akademi]], he was the Research Fellow of the [[Asiatic Society]] under [[Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay]] of Bengali language and literature. He has also gone abroad for several conferences and guest lectures. In 1981 he attended the ''International Buddha Mahabhava'' Conference at [[Oxford University]] and in 1996 he was a visiting professor at the [[University of Arizona]]. Asitkumar has received several awards and honors as a thinker and researcher. His wife Vinita Gangopadhyay (29 April 1925 – 15 April 2006), professor of history at [[Bijoy Krishna Girls' College|Howrah Girls' College]], wrote historical novels and travelogues under the pseudonym Sukanya.<ref name=Basu/>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Asit Kumar Bandyopadhyay}}
[[Category:1920 births]]
[[Category:2003 deaths]]
[[Category:Bengali historians]]
[[Category:Bengali-language writers]]
[[Category:Bangiya Sahitya Parishat]]
[[Category:Scholars from West Bengal]]

Peapully

2026-02-07T21:12:56Z

Vilianapcm: Created new details!

{{Expand Newari|topic=geo|date=April 2022}}
{{Expand Telugu|topic=geo|date=April 2022}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Peapully
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = [[Mandal]]
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| mapframe = yes
| mapframe-zoom = 14
| pushpin_map = India Andhra Pradesh
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Andhra Pradesh, India
| coordinates = {{coord|15|16|01|N|77|45|40|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = [[India]]
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Andhra Pradesh]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Nandyal district|Nandyal]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[Mandal]]
| subdivision_name3 = Peapally
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 = 0.58
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total =
| population_as_of =
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Telugu language|Telugu]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = 
| postal_code =
| registration_plate = AP
| website =
| footnotes =
}}

'''Peapully (Pyapili)''' is a village in Peapally [[mandal]], located in [[Nandyal district]] of the [[India]]n state of [[Andhra Pradesh]]. It is located 15.53 miles (15 km) from the nearest town, [[Dhone]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Mandal wise villages|url=http://apland.ap.nic.in/cclaweb/Districts_Alphabetical/kurnool.pdf|website=Revenue Department - AP Land|publisher=National Informatics Center|accessdate=20 November 2014|page=14|format=PDF|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141209182624/http://apland.ap.nic.in/cclaweb/Districts_Alphabetical/Kurnool.pdf|archivedate=9 December 2014}}</ref>

== Demographics ==
According to the 2011 Census of India, Peapully has a population 15,200, spread over an area of 3,724 hectares, with 3,299 households. The village has a male population of 7,682 and a female population of 7,518. The [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|Scheduled Caste]] population is 1,401 and the Scheduled Tribe population is 384. The village has a census location code of 594462.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Wayback Machine |url=https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_Village_Release_2800.xlsx |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220308195019/https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_Village_Release_2800.xlsx |archive-date=2022-03-08 |access-date=2025-10-17 |website=www.censusindia.gov.in}}</ref>

According to the 2001 census, the population was 13,957, with 7,083 males and 6,874 females. There were 2,748 households in the village.

== Educational Facilities ==
There are two private kindergartens in Peapully. There are four government primary schools, five private primary schools, two government upper primary schools, one private upper primary school, two government secondary schools, and one private secondary school. The is one government junior college and one private junior college. The nearest government arts and science college and polytechnic are in [[Dhone]]. The nearest engineering college and vocational training school are in [[Gooty]]. The nearest non-formal education center, special education school, medical college, and management college are in [[Kurnool]].

== Medical Facilities ==
There are two doctors and ten paramedical staff in a primary health center in Peapully. In a primary health sub-center, there are no doctors and four paramedical staff. There is one doctor and one paramedical staff member in a veterinary hospital. A mobile clinic is located 5 to 10 km away from the village. The nearest community health center, maternal and pediatric health center, allopathic hospital, alternative medicine hospital, dispensary, family welfare center, and [[tuberculosis]] hospital are more than 10 km away from the village.

== References ==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Villages in Nandyal district]]

Parbati Parbat

2026-02-02T11:46:04Z

Vilianapcm: Stub

{{Short description|Mountain in Himachal Pradesh, India}}
{{Infobox mountain
| name = Parbati Parbat
| elevation_m = 6633
| elevation_ref = <ref name=pb>{{Cite peakbagger |name=Parbati Parbat|pid=12874 |access-date=2024-11-05}}</ref>
| prominence_m = 2093
| prominence_ref= <ref name=pb/>
| isolation_km = 79.23
| isolation_ref = <ref name=pb/>
| listing = {{ubl|[[List of mountains in India|Mountains of India]]|[[Ultra-prominent peak|Ultra]]}}
| range = Punjab [[Himalayas]]
| country = [[India]]
| state = [[Himachal Pradesh]]
| map = India Himachal Pradesh##India
| coordinates = {{Coord|32|5|N|77|44|E}}
| coordinates_ref= <ref name=pb/>
}}

'''Parbati Parbat''' is a mountain in [[Himachal Pradesh]], [[India]]. It is an [[ultra-prominent peak]] and is the 173rd highest in [[Asia]].<ref name=pb/> It has an elevation of 6,633 m (21,762 ft).<ref>{{Cite web |last=PeakVisor |title=Parvati Parbat |url=https://peakvisor.com/peak/parvati-parbat.html |access-date=2024-11-05 |website=PeakVisor |language=en}}</ref>

In September 2004, a team of 10 people lead by Lovraj Singh Dharamshaktu reached a point up the mountain in whiteout conditions. They placed a snow stick there and returned on September 21 and saw two more higher points that they could not reach.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Indian Mountaineering Foundation |url=https://www.indmount.org/IMF/parvatiparvat2004 |access-date=2024-11-05 |website=www.indmount.org}}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[List of ultras of the Himalayas]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Himachal Pradesh topics|state=collapsed}}

[[Category:Mountains of the Himalayas]]
[[Category:Mountains of Himachal Pradesh]]

{{India-geo-stub}}
{{Asia-mountain-stub}}

Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine

2026-01-23T13:58:33Z

Vilianapcm: formatting fix

{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2018}}
{{Multiple issues|1=
{{Primary sources|date=August 2017}}
{{Notability|Organizations|date=August 2017}}
}}

{{Infobox university
| name = CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine
| image =
| established = {{start date and age|1941}}
| type = [[State school|Public]] / [[Research Institute]]
| administrative_staff = 250
| faculty =
| director = Dr. Zabeer Ahmed
| city = [[Jammu]]
| state = [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]]
| country = [[India]]
| campus = [[urban area|Urban]]
| affiliations = Autonomous
| website = http://www.iiim.res.in/index.php
| alumni = |
}}

The Institute was established in 1941 as a research lab. and production center, known as [https://iiim.res.in/IIIMW/aboutiiim.php Drug Research Laboratory of J&K State] and was later taken over by Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR) of Govt. of India in December 1957 as Regional Research Laboratory, Jammu. In view of its core strength in natural products based drug discovery, the mandate of Institute was redefined in 2007 and its name changed to the Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (IIIM). The current mandate of IIIM is to discover new drugs and therapeutic approaches from Natural Products, both of plant and microbial origin, enabled by biotechnology, to develop technologies, drugs and products of high value for the national and international markets.

'''Shri Narendra Modi, Hon’ble Prime Minister, President of CSIR.'''

'''Dr. Jitendra Singh, Hon’ble Union Minister of State (Independent Charge) Science & Technology; MoS PMO, Personnel, Public Grievances, Pensions, Atomic Energy and Space and Vice President of CSIR'''

==References==
{{reflist}}
{{authority control}}

==External links==
*http://www.iiim.res.in/index.php
*{{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20120419230730/http://www.buyzopicloneonline.com/ Zopiclone Tablets]}}

[[Category:Council of Scientific and Industrial Research]]
[[Category:Research institutes in Jammu and Kashmir]]
[[Category:Multidisciplinary research institutes]]
[[Category:Educational institutions established in 1941]]
[[Category:1941 establishments in India]]
[[Category:BSL3 laboratories in India]]

14th Assam Assembly

2026-01-23T12:04:55Z

Vilianapcm: new a article from scratch

{{Short description|Indian state legislature (2016–2021)}}

{{Infobox legislative term
| name = 14th Assam Assembly
| before = [[13th Assam Assembly|13th Assembly]]
| after = [[15th Assam Assembly|15th Assembly]]
| image =
| image_size = 300
| caption =
| body = [[Assam Legislative Assembly]]
| election = [[2016 Assam Legislative Assembly election]]
| government = [[Sonowal ministry]]
| opposition = [[Indian National Congress]]
| term_start = 2016
| term_end = 2021
| website = 
| membership1 = '''126'''
| control1 = [[National Democratic Alliance]]
| chamber1_leader1_type = [[List of speakers of the Assam Legislative Assembly|Speaker]]
| chamber1_leader1 = * [[Ranjeet Kumar Dass]] (2016–17)
* [[Hitendra Nath Goswami]] (2017–21)
| chamber1_leader2_type = [[List of chief ministers of Assam|Leader of the House]]
| chamber1_leader2 = [[Sarbananda Sonowal]]
| chamber1_leader4_type = Leader of the Opposition
| chamber1_leader4 = [[Debabrata Saikia]]
}}

The '''14th Legislative Assembly of Assam''' constituted after the [[2016 Assam Legislative Assembly election]]s which were concluded in April 2016, with the results being declared on 19 May 2016.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Assam General Legislative Election 2016|url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/4017-assam-general-legislative-election-2016/|access-date=2021-01-08|website=Election Commission of India|language=en-IN}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://assamassembly.gov.in/mla-2016.html|title=Assam Assembly 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.assamassembly.gov.in/who's-who-2016.html|title=MEMBERS OF 14th ASSAM LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY|website=Assam Legislative Assembly|accessdate=6 August 2019}}</ref>

== Members of Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"
!No.
!Constituency
!MLA
! colspan="2" |Party
|-
|1
|[[Ratabari (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Ratabari]] (SC)
|[[Bijoy Malakar]]
| bgcolor="#FF9933" |
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
|2
|[[Patharkandi (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Patharkandi]]
|[[Krishnendu Paul]]
| bgcolor="#FF9933" |
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
|3
|[[Karimganj North (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Karimganj North]]
|[[Kamalakhya Dey Purkayastha]]
| bgcolor="#00BFFF" |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|4
|[[Karimganj South (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Karimganj South]]
|[[Aziz Ahmed Khan (politician)|Aziz Ahmed Khan]]
| bgcolor="#348017" |
|[[All India United Democratic Front]]
|-
|5
|[[Badarpur (Assam Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Badarpur]]
|[[Jamal Uddin Ahmed (politician)|Jamal Uddin Ahmed]]
| bgcolor="#00BFFF" |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|6
|[[Hailakandi (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Hailakandi]]
|[[Anwar Hussain Laskar]]
| bgcolor="#348017" |
|[[All India United Democratic Front]]
|-
|7
|[[Katlicherra (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Katlicherra]]
|[[Suzam Uddin Laskar]]
| bgcolor="#348017" |
|[[All India United Democratic Front]]
|-
|8
|[[Algapur (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Algapur]]
|[[Nizam Uddin Choudhury]]
| bgcolor="#348017" |
|[[All India United Democratic Front]]
|-
|9
|[[Silchar (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Silchar]]
|[[Dilip Kumar Paul]]
| bgcolor="#FF9933" |
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
|10
|[[Sonai (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Sonai]]
|[[Aminul Haque Laskar]]
| bgcolor="#FF9933" |
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
|11
|[[Dholai (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Dholai]] (SC)
|[[Parimal Suklabaidya]]
| bgcolor="#FF9933" |
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
|12
|[[Udharbond (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Udharbond]]
|[[Mihir Kanti Shome]]
| bgcolor="#FF9933" |
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
|13
|[[Lakhipur (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Lakhipur]]
| [[Rajdeep Goala]]
| bgcolor="#00BFFF" |
|[[Indian National Congress]] (later joined BJP)
|-
|14
|[[Barkhola (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Barkhola]]
|[[Kishor Nath]]
| bgcolor="#FF9933" |
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
|15
|[[Katigorah (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Katigorah]]
|[[Amar Chand Jain]]
| bgcolor="#FF9933" |
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
|16
|[[Haflong (Assembly constituency)|Haflong]] (ST)
|[[Bir Bhadra Hagjer]]
| bgcolor="#FF9933" |
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
|17
|[[Bokajan (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Bokajan]] (ST)
|[[Numal Momin]]
| bgcolor="#FF9933" |
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
|18
|[[Howraghat (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Howraghat]] (ST)
|[[Joyram Engleng]]
| bgcolor="#FF9933" |
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
|19
|[[Diphu (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Diphu]] (ST)
|[[Sum Ronghang]]
| bgcolor="#FF9933" |
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
|20
|[[Baithalangso (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Baithalangso]] (ST)
|[[Mansing Rongpi]]
| bgcolor="#FF9933" |
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
|21
|[[Mankachar (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Mankachar]]
|[[Dr. Motiur Rohman Mondal]]
| bgcolor="#00BFFF" |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|22
|[[Salmara South (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Salmara South]]
|[[Wazed Ali Choudhury|Wazed Ali Chowdhury]]
| bgcolor="#00BFFF" |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|23
|[[Dhubri (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Dhubri]]
|[[Najrul Hoque]]
| bgcolor="#348017" |
|[[All India United Democratic Front]]
|-
|24
|[[Gauripur (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Gauripur]]
|[[Nijanur Rahman]]
| bgcolor="#348017" |
|[[All India United Democratic Front]]
|-
|25
|[[Golakganj (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Golakganj]]
|[[Ashwini Roy Sarkar]]
| bgcolor="#FF9933" |
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
|26
|[[Bilasipara West (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Bilasipara West]]
|[[Hafiz Bashir Ahmed]]
| bgcolor="#348017" |
|[[All India United Democratic Front]]
|-
|27
|[[Bilasipara East (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Bilasipara East]]
|[[Ashok Kumar Singhi]]
| bgcolor="#FF9933" |
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
|28
|[[Gossaigaon (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Gossaigaon]]
|[[Majendra Narzary]]
| bgcolor="#FF6600" |
|[[Bodoland People's Front]]
|-
|29
|[[Kokrajhar West]] (ST)
|[[Rabiram Narzary]]
| bgcolor="#FF6600" |
|[[Bodoland People's Front]]
|-
|30
|[[Kokrajhar East]] (ST)
|[[Pramila Rani Brahma]]
| bgcolor="#FF6600" |
|[[Bodoland People's Front]]
|-
|31
|[[Sidli (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Sidli]] (ST)
|[[Chandan Brahm|Chandan Brahma]]
| bgcolor="#FF6600" |
|[[Bodoland People's Front]]
|-
|32
|[[Bongaigaon (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Bongaigaon]]
|[[Phani Bhusan Choudhury]]
| bgcolor="#99CCFF" |
|[[Asom Gana Parishad]]
|-
|33
|[[Bijni (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Bijni]]
|[[Kamal Singh Narzary]]
| bgcolor="#FF6600" |
|[[Bodoland People's Front]]
|-
|34
|[[Abhayapuri North (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Abhayapuri North]]
|[[Abdul Hai Nagori]]
| bgcolor="#00BFFF" |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|35
|[[Abhayapuri South (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Abhayapuri South]] (SC)
|[[Ananta Kumar Malo]]
| bgcolor="#348017" |
|[[All India United Democratic Front]]
|-
|36
|[[Dudhnai (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Dudhnai]] (ST)
|[[Dipak Rabha]]
| bgcolor="#FF9933" |
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
|37
|[[Goalpara East (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Goalpara East]]
|[[Abul Kalam Rasheed Alam]]
| bgcolor="#00BFFF" |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|38
|[[Goalpara West (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Goalpara West]]
|[[Abdur Rasheed Mandal]]
| bgcolor="#00BFFF" |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|39
|[[Jaleswar (Assam Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Jaleswar]]
|[[Sahab Uddin Ahmed]]
| bgcolor="#348017" |
|[[All India United Democratic Front]]
|-
|40
|[[Sorbhog (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Sorbhog]]
|[[Ranjit Kumar Das]]
| bgcolor="#FF9933" |
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
|41
|[[Bhabanipur (Assam Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Bhabanipur]]
|[[Abul Kalam Azad (Indian politician)|Abul Kalam Azad]]
| bgcolor="#348017" |
|[[All India United Democratic Front]]
|-
|42
|[[Patacharkuchi (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Patacharkuchi]]
| [[Pabindra Deka]]
| bgcolor="#99CCFF" |
|[[Asom Gana Parishad]]
|-
|43
|[[Barpeta (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Barpeta]]
|[[Gunindra Nath Das]]
| bgcolor="#99CCFF" |
|[[Asom Gana Parishad]]
|-
|44
|[[Jania (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Jania]]
|[[Rafiqul Islam (politician, born 1979)|Rafiqul Islam]]
| bgcolor="#348017" |
|[[All India United Democratic Front]]
|-
|45
|[[Baghbar (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Baghbor]]
|[[Sherman Ali Ahmed]]
| bgcolor="#00BFFF" |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|46
|[[Sarukhetri (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Sarukhetri]]
|[[Jakir Hussain Sikdar]]
| bgcolor="#00BFFF" |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|47
|[[Chenga (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Chenga]]
|[[Sukur Ali Ahmed]]
| bgcolor="#00BFFF" |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|48
|[[Boko (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Boko]] (SC)
|[[Nandita Das (politician)|Nandita Das]]
| bgcolor="#00BFFF" |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|49
|[[Chaygaon (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Chaygaon]]
|[[Rekibuddin Ahmed]]
| bgcolor="#00BFFF" |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|50
|[[Palasbari (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Palasbari]]
|[[Pranab Kalita]]
| bgcolor="#FF9933" |
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
|51
|[[Jalukbari (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Jalukbari]]
|[[Himanta Biswa Sarma]]
| bgcolor="#FF9933" |
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
|52
|[[Dispur (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Dispur]]
|[[Atul Bora Sr.|Atul Bora]]
| bgcolor="#FF9933" |
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
|53
|[[Gauhati East (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Gauhati East]]
|[[Siddhartha Bhattacharya]]
| bgcolor="#FF9933" |
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
|54
|[[Gauhati West (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Gauhati West]]
|[[Ramendra Narayan Kalita]]
| bgcolor="#99CCFF" |
|[[Asom Gana Parishad]]
|-
|55
|[[Hajo (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Hajo]]
|[[Suman Haripriya]]
| bgcolor="#FF9933" |
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
|56
|[[Kamalpur, Assam Assembly constituency|Kamalpur]]
|[[Satyabrat Kalita]]
| bgcolor="#99CCFF" |
|[[Asom Gana Parishad]]
|-
|57
|[[Rangiya (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Rangia]]
|[[Bhabesh Kalita]]
| bgcolor="#FF9933" |
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
|58
|[[Tamulpur (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Tamulpur]]
|[[Emmanuel Mosahary]]
| bgcolor="#FF6600" |
|[[Bodoland People's Front]]
|-
|59
|[[Nalbari (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Nalbari]]
|[[Ashok Sarma]]
| bgcolor="#FF9933" |
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
|60
|[[Barkhetry (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Barkhetry]]
|[[Narayan Deka]]
| bgcolor="#FF9933" |
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
|61
|[[Dharmapur (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Dharmapur]]
|[[Chandra Mohan Patowary]]
| bgcolor="#FF9933" |
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
|62
|[[Barama (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Barama]] (ST)
|[[Maneswar Brahma]]
| bgcolor="#FF6600" |
|[[Bodoland People's Front]]
|-
|63
|[[Chapaguri (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Chapaguri]] (ST)
|[[Thaneswar Basumatary]]
| bgcolor="#FF6600" |
|[[Bodoland People's Front]]
|-
|64
|[[Panery (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Panery]]
|[[Kamali Basumatari]]
| bgcolor="#FF6600" |
|[[Bodoland People's Front]]
|-
|65
|[[Kalaigaon (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Kalaigaon]]
|[[Maheswar Baro]]
| bgcolor="#FF6600" |
|[[Bodoland People's Front]]
|-
|66
|[[Sipajhar (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Sipajhar]]
|[[Binanda Kumar Saikia]]
| bgcolor="#FF9933" |
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
|67
|[[Mangaldoi (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Mangaldoi]] (SC)
|[[Gurujyoti Das]]
| bgcolor="#FF9933" |
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
|68
|[[Dalgaon (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Dalgaon]]
|[[Ilias Ali (Indian politician)|Ilias Ali]]
| bgcolor="#00BFFF" |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|69
|[[Udalguri (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Udalguri]] (ST)
|[[Rihon Daimary]]
| bgcolor="#FF6600" |
|[[Bodoland People's Front]]
|-
|70
|[[Majbat (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Majbat]]
|[[Charan Boro]]
| bgcolor="#FF6600" |
|[[Bodoland People's Front]]
|-
|71
|[[Dhekiajuli (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Dhekiajuli]]
|[[Ashok Singhal (politician)|Ashok Singhal]]
| bgcolor="#FF9933" |
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
|72
|[[Barchalla (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Barchalla]]
|[[Ganesh Kumar Limbu]]
| bgcolor="#FF9933" |
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
|73
|[[Tezpur (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Tezpur]]
|[[Brindaban Goswami]]
| bgcolor="#99CCFF" |
|[[Asom Gana Parishad]]
|-
| rowspan="2" |74
| rowspan="2" |[[Rangapara (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Rangapara]]
|[[Pallab Lochan Das]] (2016–19)<ref name=election2016>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/4017-assam-general-legislative-election-2016/ |title=Assam General Legislative Election 2016 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |accessdate=13 November 2021}}</ref>
| bgcolor="#FF9933" |
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
|[[Rajen Borthakur]] (2019–21)<ref name="By-election results 2019: List of winners in 51 Assembly and Satara, Samastipur">{{cite news |last1=Zee News |date=25 October 2019 |title=By-election results 2019: List of winners in 51 Assembly and Satara, Samastipur |url=https://zeenews.india.com/india/by-election-results-2019-list-of-winners-in-51-assembly-and-satara-samastipur-2241916.html |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240109071426/https://zeenews.india.com/india/by-election-results-2019-list-of-winners-in-51-assembly-and-satara-samastipur-2241916.html |archivedate=9 January 2024 |accessdate=9 January 2024 |language=en}}</ref>
| bgcolor="#FF9933" |
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
|75
|[[Sootea (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Sootea]]
|[[Padma Hazarika]]
| bgcolor="#FF9933" |
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
|76
|[[Biswanath (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Biswanath]]
|[[Promod Borthakur]]
| bgcolor="#FF9933" |
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
|77
|[[Behali (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Behali]]
|[[Ranjit Dutta]]
| bgcolor="#FF9933" |
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
|78
|[[Gohpur (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Gohpur]]
|[[Utpal Borah]]
| bgcolor="#FF9933" |
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
|79
|[[Jagiroad (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Jagiroad]] (SC)
|[[Pijush Hazarika]]
| bgcolor="#FF9933" |
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
|80
|[[Marigaon (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Marigaon]]
|[[Rama Kanta Dewri]]
| bgcolor="#FF9933" |
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
|81
|[[Laharighat (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Laharighat]]
|[[Nazrul Islam (Indian politician)|Nazrul Islam]]
| bgcolor="#00BFFF" |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|82
|[[Raha (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Raha]] (SC)
|[[Dimbeswar Das]]
| bgcolor="#FF9933" |
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
|83
|[[Dhing (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Dhing]]
|[[Aminul Islam (Indian politician, born 1972)|Aminul Islam]]
| bgcolor="#348017" |
|[[All India United Democratic Front]]
|-
|84
|[[Batadroba (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Batadroba]]
|[[Angoorlata Deka]]
| bgcolor="#FF9933" |
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
|85
|[[Rupohihat (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Rupohihat]]
|[[Nurul Huda (Assamese politician)|Nurul Huda]]
| bgcolor="#00BFFF" |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|86
|[[Nowgong (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Nowgong]]
|[[Rupak Sarmah]]
| bgcolor="#FF9933" |
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
|87
|[[Barhampur (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Barhampur]]
|[[Prafulla Kumar Mahanta]]
| bgcolor="#99CCFF" |
|[[Asom Gana Parishad]]
|-
|88
|[[Samaguri (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Samaguri]]
|[[Rakibul Hussain]]
| bgcolor="#00BFFF" |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|89
|[[Kaliabor (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Kaliabor]]
|[[Keshab Mahanta]]
| bgcolor="#99CCFF" |
|[[Asom Gana Parishad]]
|-
|90
|[[Jamunamukh (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Jamunamukh]]
|[[Abdur Rahim Ajmal]]
| bgcolor="#348017" |
|[[All India United Democratic Front]]
|-
|91
|[[Hojai (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Hojai]]
|[[Shiladitya Dev]]
| bgcolor="#FF9933" |
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
|92
|[[Lumding (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Lumding]]
|[[Sibu Misra]]
| bgcolor="#FF9933" |
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
|93
|[[Bokakhat (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Bokakhat]]
|[[Atul Bora]]
| bgcolor="#99CCFF" |
|[[Asom Gana Parishad]]
|-
|94
|[[Sarupathar (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Sarupathar]]
|[[Roselina Tirkey]]
| bgcolor="#00BFFF" |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|95
|[[Golaghat (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Golaghat]]
|[[Ajanta Neog]]
| bgcolor="#00BFFF" |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|96
|[[Khumtai (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Khumtai]]
|[[Mrinal Saikia]]
| bgcolor="#FF9933" |
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
|97
|[[Dergaon (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Dergaon]] (SC)
|[[Bhabendra Nath Bharali]]
| bgcolor="#99CCFF" |
|[[Asom Gana Parishad]]
|-
|98
|[[Jorhat (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Jorhat]]
|[[Hitendra Nath Goswami]]
| bgcolor="#FF9933" |
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
|99
|[[Majuli (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Majuli]] (ST)
|[[Sarbananda Sonowal]]
| bgcolor="#FF9933" |
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
|100
|[[Titabar (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Titabar]]
| [[Tarun Gogoi]]
| bgcolor="#00BFFF" |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|101
|[[Mariani (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Mariani]]
|[[Rupjyoti Kurmi]]
| bgcolor="#00BFFF" |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|102
|[[Teok (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Teok]]
|[[Renupoma Rajkhowa]]
| bgcolor="#99CCFF" |
|[[Asom Gana Parishad]]
|-
|103
|[[Amguri (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Amguri]]
|[[Prodip Hazarika]]
| bgcolor="#99CCFF" |
|[[Asom Gana Parishad]]
|-
|104
|[[Nazira (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Nazira]]
|[[Debabrata Saikia]]
| bgcolor="#00BFFF" |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|105
|[[Mahmara (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Mahmara]]
|[[Jogen Mohan]]
| bgcolor="#FF9933" |
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
|106
|[[Sonari (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Sonari]]
|[[Nabanita Handique]]
| bgcolor="#FF9933" |
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
|107
|[[Thowra (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Thowra]]
|[[Kushal Dowari]]
| bgcolor="#FF9933" |
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
|108
|[[Sibsagar (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Sibsagar]]
| [[Pranab Kumar Gogoi]]
| bgcolor="#00BFFF" |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|109
|[[Bihpuria (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Bihpuria]]
|[[Debananda Hazarika]]
| bgcolor="#FF9933" |
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
|110
|[[Naoboicha (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Naoboicha]]
|[[Mamun Imdadul Haque Chawdhury]]
| bgcolor="#348017" |
|[[All India United Democratic Front]]
|-
|111
|[[Lakhimpur, Assam Assembly constituency|Lakhimpur]]
|[[Utpal Dutta]]
| bgcolor="#99CCFF" |
|[[Asom Gana Parishad]]
|-
|112
|[[Dhakuakhana (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Dhakuakhana]] (ST)
|[[Naba Kumar Doley]]
| bgcolor="#FF9933" |
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
|113
|[[Dhemaji (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Dhemaji]] (ST)
|[[Pradan Baruah]]
| bgcolor="#FF9933" |
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
|114
|[[Jonai (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Jonai]] (ST)
|[[Bhubon Pegu]]
| bgcolor="#dddddd" |
|[[Independent politician|Independent]]
|-
|115
|[[Moran (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Moran]]
|[[Chakradhar Gogoi]]
| bgcolor="#FF9933" |
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
|116
|[[Dibrugarh (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Dibrugarh]]
|[[Prasanta Phukan]]
| bgcolor="#FF9933" |
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
|117
|[[Lahowal (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Lahowal]]
|[[Rituparna Baruah]]
| bgcolor="#FF9933" |
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
|118
|[[Duliajan (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Duliajan]]
|[[Terash Gowalla]]
| bgcolor="#FF9933" |
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
|119
|[[Tingkhong (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Tingkhong]]
|[[Bimal Bora]]
| bgcolor="#FF9933" |
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
|120
|[[Naharkatia (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Naharkatia]]
|[[Naren Sonowal]]
| bgcolor="#99CCFF" |
|[[Asom Gana Parishad]]
|-
|121
|[[Chabua (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Chabua]]
|[[Binod Hazarika]]
| bgcolor="#FF9933" |
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
|122
|[[Tinsukia (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Tinsukia]]
|[[Sanjoy Kishan]]
| bgcolor="#FF9933" |
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
|123
|[[Digboi (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Digboi]]
|[[Suren Phukan]]
| bgcolor="#FF9933" |
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
|124
|[[Margherita (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Margherita]]
|[[Bhaskar Sharma]]
| bgcolor="#FF9933" |
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
|125
|[[Doomdooma (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Doomdooma]]
|[[Durga Bhumij]]
| bgcolor="#00BFFF" |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|126
|[[Sadiya (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Sadiya]]
|[[Bolin Chetia]]
| bgcolor="#FF9933" |
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Assam MLAs 2016–2021| ]]
[[Category:Terms of the Assam Legislative Assembly]]

Bombay Dog Riots

2026-01-19T16:47:22Z

Vilianapcm: expanded content

{{Short description|Series of riots and protest actions}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2025}}
{{Infobox civil conflict
| title = Bombay Dog Riots
| subtitle =
| partof =
| image =
| caption =
| date =
| place = [[Mumbai]], [[India]]
| coordinates =
| causes = Culling of stray dogs by the Bombay Magistrates of Police
| goals = Stop the mass-culling of dogs
| methods = Civil disobedience, boycotting, rioting
| status =
| result = Several arrests; colonial policy towards dog culling changed to allow for dog relocation
| side1 = Mumbai parsis
| side2 = British colonial authorities
| side3 =
| leadfigures1 =
| leadfigures2 =
| leadfigures3 =
| howmany1 = Several thousand protesters
| howmany2 = Several hundred garrison soldiers and city officials
| howmany3 =
| casualties1 =
| casualties2 =
| casualties3 =
| fatalities =
| injuries = several
| arrests = several
| detentions =
| charged =
| fined =
| casualties_label =
| notes =
| sidebox =
}}

The '''Bombay Dog Riots''', also known as the '''1832 Bombay Riots''', were a series of protests that devolved into rioting in the city of [[Bombay]], which was then under [[Company rule in India|British colonial rule]]. The riots were sparked by an attempt by municipal colonial authorities to exterminate the city's [[stray dog]]s, which was opposed by Bombay's [[Parsis]] due to dogs being considered sacred in [[Zoroastrianism]]. The event was the first instance of rioting in the modern [[history of Bombay]].

==Background==

[[Mumbai]], known as [[Bombay]] until the late 20th century, has long been a center for trade and commerce in [[Western India]]. Due to the city's important position at the mouth of four rivers, the city became a haven for both domestic and foreign merchant communities.<ref>Palsetia, Jesse S. (2001). ''The Parsis of India: Preservation of Identity in Bombay City''. Brill. {{ISBN|978-90-04-12114-0}}. Retrieved 11 November 2008. pp. 189</ref> One such group was the Parsis, who had fled [[Iran|Persia]] in the aftermath of the [[Muslim conquest of Persia]] in the 7th century.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|url=https://www.managementtoday.co.uk/worlds-successful-diasporas/article/648273|title=The world's successful diasporas|access-date=2018-11-03}}</ref> The Parsis followed the teachings of the [[Zoroaster|Prophet Zoroaster]], and subscribed to [[Zoroastrians in Iran|Iranian Zoroastrianism]]. Once in Bombay, the Parsis quickly ingrained themselves into the city's thriving trade network; thus, the Parsi population of the city grew wealthy and influential.<ref name=":0" /> They also developed their own [[Zoroastrianism in India|sub-sect of Zoroastrianism]] which melded Persian and Indian beliefs.<ref name=":1">Palsetia, Jesse S. "Mad Dogs and Parsis: The Bombay Dog Riots of 1832." ''Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society'', vol. 11, no. 1, 2001, pp. 13–30. ''JSTOR'', JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/25188081.</ref>

Beginning in the 16th century, European powers began to send merchants and soldiers to India to take control of local trade. Bombay fell under Portuguese rule in 1534, which lasted until the English [[East India Company]] (EIC) took control of the port in 1661. Whereas the Portuguese had used Bombay as a trade outpost in India, the English chose instead to invest company funds in developing the city. In addition, the EIC began a policy (formulated by [[Gerald Aungier]], the second [[governor of Bombay]]<ref>Murray, Sarah Elizabeth (2007). ''Moveable Feasts: From Ancient Rome to the 21st century, the Incredible Journeys of the Food We Eat''. Macmillan. {{ISBN|978-0-312-35535-7}}. Retrieved 2 February 2008. pp. 79</ref>) of cooperating with Bombay's merchant communities by offering them protection and business incentives; one of the groups that took advantage of this was the Parsis, who were sometimes referred to as the Shetias.<ref name=":1" /> The Parsis and the new administration were noted as having gotten along well, as many Parsis were employed by the administration which allowed the practice of the Parsi faith in Bombay. By 1826, around 10,000 Parsis lived in Bombay, which had a total population of 200,000.<ref name=":1" />

==Riots==

In 1832, Bombay's magistrate of police decided to adopt measures to control the city's [[stray dog]] population. The city was filled with so-called "[[Indian pariah dog|pariah dogs]]", which were seen by colonial authorities as a nuisance and a threat to public safety.<ref name=":1" /> A regulation had been in place since 1813 that allowed for the killing of ownerless dogs during the hottest parts of the Bombay summer (15 April - 15 May, and 15 September - 15 October<ref name=":1" />); the new regulation would extend the first period of culling from 15 May to 15 June. The change in the regulation was not controversial, but the magistrate also chose to adopt new methods to cull the dog population. Most significantly, it was decided that a bounty would be paid for each dog killed. This new policy resulted in unscrupulous or overzealous dog catchers killing dogs that were not overly aggressive; it was also reported that dog catchers were invading homes and killing private pets.<ref name=":1" />

A backlash formed against the dog culling policy. As noted by the ''[[Bombay Courier]]'', the magistrate was seen by Bombay's Indian population as overusing his power.<ref name=":1" /> The Parsi community was particularity offended, as the extended culling period meant that the slaughter coincided with a Parsi holy day (Adar month, adar day); furthermore, some Parsis revered dogs as objects of religious significance and began to protest the magistrate's efforts. On 6 June, a crowd of Parsis attacked a group of dog catchers near Bombay's fort and then marched on the city's court to demand an end to the culling.<ref name=":1" /> The next day, many in the Parsi community closed their businesses, causing economic chaos in the city. Lower class Parsis and a collection of Hindus and Muslims went on strike, paralyzing more of the city's day-to-day activities.<ref name=":1" /> When word circulated that the authorities were mobilizing the city's garrison, the Parsis organized crowds to block porters and laborers in a successful attempt to prevent any soldiers from receiving food and water. In the evening, the garrison gathered in the city's fort and the [[Riot Act]] was read aloud; the crowd was subsequently dispersed, and the leaders of the strike were arrested. The colonial authorities then began to negotiate with the leaders of the Parsi community in an attempt to return order to the city. It was decided that, rather than cull stray dogs on sight, the authorities would instead try to relocate dogs outside of the city. This was done, and the imprisoned protesters were released as they had not had a political motivation for striking.<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=R6oNt3M_yLgC&q=Bombay+Dog+Riots&pg=PA124|title=The Parsis of India: Preservation of Identity in Bombay City|last=Palsetia|first=Jesse S.|date=2001-01-01|publisher=BRILL|isbn=9004121145|language=en}}</ref>

==Aftermath==
The year after the riots, the new dog culling policy resulted in many of the animals being relocated to the outskirts of Bombay.<ref name=":1" /> The event also increased the already-prevalent influence of the Parsi community in Bombay.<ref name=":1" />

==See also==
* [[Dogs in religion]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}
{{Riots in India}}

[[Category:Riots and civil disorder in Mumbai]]
[[Category:Protests in British India]]
[[Category:Parsi people]]
[[Category:1832 in India]]
[[Category:1832 riots]]
[[Category:Dogs]]

Aashiqui Aa Gayi

2026-01-19T10:25:11Z

Vilianapcm: new some data basic info

{{short description|2022 single by Arijit Singh}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2022}}
{{Infobox song
| name = Aashiqui Aa Gayi
| cover = Aashiqui Aa Gayi.jpg
| alt =
| caption = Aashiqui Aa Gayi song cover featuring actors [[Prabhas]] and [[Pooja Hegde]]
| type = single
| artist = [[Arijit Singh]], Mithoon
| album = [[Radhe Shyam (soundtrack)|Radhe Shyam]]
| language = [[Hindi]]
| English_title =
| released =
*{{Start date|2021|12|01|df=y}}
| recorded = 2020–2021
| studio =
| genre =
*[[Filmi]]
*[[Indian pop]]
*[[soft-rock]]
| length = 4:20
| label = [[T-Series (company)|T-Series]]
|writer=| composer = [[Mithoon]]
| lyricist = Mithoon
| producer = {{ubl|Mithoon|[[Bhushan Kumar]]}}
| misc = {{Extra track listing
| album = [[Radhe Shyam (soundtrack)|Radhe Shyam]]
| type = single
| tracks = {{Hidden
| title = 5 tracks
| text =
# "'''Aashiqui Aa Gayi'''"
# "Soch Liya"
# "Udd Jaa Parindey"
# "Jaan Hai Meri"
# "Main Ishq Mein Hoon"
}}}}{{External music video|type=single|{{YouTube|c-NaCU2n8jg|"Aashiqui Aa Gayi"}}
}}}}
'''"Aashiqui Aa Gayi"''' ({{translation|Love has come}}) is an Indian [[Hindi]]-language song sung by [[Arijit Singh]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Prabhas, Pooja Hegde's Romance Meets Arijit Singh's Voice in This Radhe Shyam Song|url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/prabhas-pooja-hegdes-romance-meets-arijit-singhs-voice-in-this-radhe-shyam-song-4500116.html|access-date=2021-12-01|website=news 18|date=29 November 2021 |language=en}}</ref> and composed by [[Mithoon]] for the 2022 soundtrack album [[Radhe Shyam (soundtrack)|''Radhe Shyam'']] of the film [[Radhe Shyam|of the same name]], starring [[Prabhas]] and [[Pooja Hegde]]. The song is written by Mithoon. The song was released on 1 December 2021. The music video for the song was released on the same day under the music label [[T-Series (company)|T-Series]].<ref>{{cite news|title='Aashiqui Aa Gayi' Song From Radhe Shyam Is Out|url=https://www.thehansindia.com/cinema/tollywood/aashiqui-aa-gayi-song-from-radhe-shyam-is-out-717734|access-date=2021-12-01|first=|last=Hymavati|website=[[The Hans India]]|language=en}}</ref> The full video song, featuring visuals directly from the film, was released on 22 March 2022 on YouTube.<ref>{{cite news|title=Radhe Shyam {{!}} Song - Aashiqui Aa Gayi (Full Video)|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/entertainment/music/hindi/radhe-shyam-song-aashiqui-aa-gayi-full-video/videoshow/90394884.cms|access-date=2024-03-03|website=[[The Times of India]]|language=en}}</ref>

== Release ==
The teaser of the song was released on 29 November 2021.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/radhe-shyam-song-aashiqui-aa-gayi-teaser-prabhas-pooja-hegde-7647114/|title=Radhe Shyam song Aashiqui Aa Gayi teaser: Prabhas, Pooja Hegde promise a breezy, feel-good track|date=29 November 2021|work=[[The Indian Express]]}}</ref> The music video was released on 1 December 2021, by [[T-Series (company)|T-Series]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Radhe Shyam new song Aashiqui Aa Gayi out. Prabhas and Pooja Hegde get romantic in love anthem|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/radhe-shyam-new-song-aashiqui-aa-gayi-out-prabhas-and-pooja-hegde-get-romantic-in-love-anthem-1882817-2021-12-01|access-date=2021-12-01|website=India Today|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Radhe Shyam song Aashiqui Aa Gayi Out: Prabhas, Pooja Hegde embark on a journey of love in this sweet ballad|url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/news/radhe-shyam-song-aashiqui-aa-gayi-out-prabhas-pooja-hegde-embark-journey-love-sweet-ballad-955278|access-date=2021-12-01|website=[[Pinkvilla]]|language=en|archive-date=22 March 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220322050215/https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/news/radhe-shyam-song-aashiqui-aa-gayi-out-prabhas-pooja-hegde-embark-journey-love-sweet-ballad-955278|url-status=dead}}</ref> The lyrical was released on 19 December 2021 and the audio of the song was released on 23 December 2021. The song was made available at [[iTunes]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Aashiqui Aa Gayi on iTunes|date=December 2021 |url=https://music.apple.com/in/album/aashiqui-aa-gayi-from-radhe-shyam-single/1598074787|publisher=[[iTunes]]|access-date=22 March 2022}}</ref> the same day of release and for online streaming at [[JioSaavn]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Aashiqui Aa Gayi at Saavn|date=December 2021 |url=https://www.jiosaavn.com/album/aashiqui-aa-gayi-from-radhe-shyam/HvpG2Dl,YQY_|publisher=[[JioSaavn]]|access-date=22 March 2022}}</ref> and [[Gaana (music streaming service)|Gaana]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Gaana Online Straming: Aashiqui Aa Gayi|url=https://gaana.com/song/aashiqui-aa-gayifrom-radhe-shyam|publisher=[[Gaana (music streaming service)|Gaana]]|access-date=22 March 2022|archive-date=15 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220115082150/https://gaana.com/song/aashiqui-aa-gayifrom-radhe-shyam|url-status=dead}}</ref> on 1 December 2021. The full video song, featuring visuals directly from the film, was released on 22 March 2022 on YouTube.

== Music video ==
The music video features [[Prabhas]] and [[Pooja Hegde]]. The video shows Vikramaditya ([[Prabhas]]) take Prerana ([[Pooja Hegde]]) on bike rides, beach strolls at various locations with matching outfits, creating a dream sequence like feel. The song gives a look at the chemistry between them.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Radhe Shyam New Hindi Song Aashiqui Aa Gayi Shows Prabhas and Pooja Hegde's Fairytale Romance|url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/radhe-shyam-new-hindi-song-aashiqui-aa-gayi-shows-prabhas-and-pooja-hegdes-fairytale-romance-4507313.html|access-date=2021-12-01|website=News 18|date=December 2021 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Watch: The 'Aashiqui' moment between Prabhas and Pooja Hegde|url=https://www.iwmbuzz.com/music/news-music/watch-the-aashiqui-moment-between-prabhas-and-pooja-hegde/2021/12/01|website=Iwmbuzz.com|language=en}}</ref>

=== Filming ===
The music video of the song is shot in [[Italy]], the song's visuals are filled with scenery of lush green mountains tops, beach, rainbow or a wrecked plane on a deserted spot. Some parts of song was shot at -2[[Celsius|°C]] in snow rain.<ref>{{Cite web|date=11 March 2022|title=Radhe Shyam Song Aashiqui Aa Gayi: Prabhas, Pooja Hegde Romantic Track Was Shot in Minus 2 Degrees Celsius!|url=https://www.latestly.com/entertainment/south/radhe-shyam-song-aashiqui-aa-gayi-prabhas-pooja-hegde-romantic-track-was-shot-in-minus-2-degrees-celsius-3461707.html|access-date=22 March 2022|website=latestly.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tv9hindi.com/entertainment/south-cinema/pooja-hegde-shoot-radhe-shyams-aashiqui-aa-gayi-song-in-minus-2-degree-temperature-1110284.html|title='Radhe Shyam' के लिए पूजा हेगड़े ने की कड़ी मेहनत, माइनस 2 डिग्री तापमान में शूट किया था ये गाना|language=hi|work=[[TV9 Bharatvarsh]]|date=11 March 2022}}</ref>

== Reception ==

=== Audience response ===
Upon the release of the song, it gained lots of appreciation for its music and choreography. Pooja Hegde's grace and style in the song was appreciated by many.<ref>{{Cite web|date=6 December 2022|title=Pooja Hegde looks like a dream in Radhe Shyam's Aashiqui Aa Gayi|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/south-cinema/pooja-hegde-looks-like-dream-radhe-shyams-aashiqui-aa-gayi/|access-date=24 March 2022|website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Pooja Hegde's 'Aashiqui Aa Gayi' from 'Radhe Shyam' is unmissable! - Beauty Pageants|url=https://www.beautypageants.in/miss-india/pooja-hegdes-aashiqui-aa-gayi-from-radhe-shyam-is-unmissable/articleshow/88050395.cms|access-date=26 March 2022|website=Beauty Pageants|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-12-01|title=Radhe Shyam song Aashiqui Aa Gayi: Prabhas, Pooja Hegde look perfect as a couple in love|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/radhe-shyam-song-aashiqui-aa-gayi-prabhas-pooja-hegde-7650231/|access-date=2021-12-17|website=The Indian Express|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-12-01|title=Radhe Shyam New Hindi Song Aashiqui Aa Gayi Shows Prabhas and Pooja Hegde's Fairytale Romance|url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/radhe-shyam-new-hindi-song-aashiqui-aa-gayi-shows-prabhas-and-pooja-hegdes-fairytale-romance-4507313.html|access-date=2021-12-17|website=News18|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.koimoi.com/south-indian-cinema/aashiqui-aa-gayi-from-radhe-shyam-out-prabhas-pooja-hegdes-budding-romance-on-arijit-singhs-melodious-vocals-is-a-bliss/|title=Aashiqui Aa Gayi From Radhe Shyam Out! Prabhas & Pooja Hegde's Budding Romance On Arijit Singh's Melodious Vocals Is A Bliss|date=1 December 2022|work=Koimoi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/south-cinema/pooja-hegde-looks-like-dream-radhe-shyams-aashiqui-aa-gayi/|title=Pooja Hegde looks like a dream in Radhe Shyam's Aashiqui Aa Gayi|date=6 December 2021|work=[[Bollywood Hungama]]}}</ref>

=== Critical reviews ===
A critic from ''Cinestaan'' wrote that "The song sees Mithoon in three avatars. His poetry as a lyricist is simple and doesn't boast of heavy words, which goes well with the nature of a massy romantic song. The music, again by Mithoon, is a fine mixture of soft tunes and foot-tapping sounds. Lastly, as a singer he weaves magic with his vocal chords, with some support from Arijit Singh at the end".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cinestaan.com/articles/2021/dec/1/32342/radhe-shyam-song-aashiqui-aa-gayi-mithoon-leaves-his-mark-in-three-roles|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230614040800/https://www.cinestaan.com/articles/2021/dec/1/32342/radhe-shyam-song-aashiqui-aa-gayi-mithoon-leaves-his-mark-in-three-roles|url-status=live|archive-date=14 June 2023|title=Radhe Shyam song 'Aashiqui Aa Gayi': Mithoon leaves his mark in three roles|date=1 December 2021|work=Cinestaan|last=Seta|first=Keyur}}</ref> ''[[Telangana Today]]'' wrote that "With the romantic 'Aashiqui Aa Gayi', he delivered a gem in his extremely soulful voice for incredibly beautiful lyrics penned by Mithoon who has also aced music with his amazing composition. Melody to ears and soothing to heart, the splendid tunes enhanced the beauty of this song".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://telanganatoday.com/watch-prabhas-pooja-hegdes-radhe-shyam-songs-winning-millions-of-hearts|title=Watch: Prabhas, Pooja Hegde's "Radhe Shyam" songs winning millions of hearts|first=Ravi|last=Hari|work=[[Telangana Today]]|date=17 January 2022}}</ref>

== Records ==
The song crossed more than 22 million views within 24 hours and became the 1st most viewed video song in the first 24 hours of its release.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Ahire|first=Sameer|title=Prabhas And Pooja Hedge's New Song Aashiqui Aa Gayi From 'Radhe Shyam' Breaks Records!|url=https://www.movietalkies.com/news/prabhas-pooja-hedges-new-song-aashiqui-aa-gayi-radhe-shyam-breaks-records/|access-date=2021-12-03|website=MovieTalkies|date=3 December 2021 |language=en}}</ref>

== Charts ==
{| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center"
|+Chart performances for "Aashiqui Aa Gayi"
! scope="col" |Chart (2021)
! scope="col" |Peak
position
|-
! scope="row" |[[United Kingdom]] ([[Official Charts Company|Asian Music Chart Top 40]])<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.officialcharts.com/charts/asian-music-chart/20211210/asian/|title=Asian Music Chart on 10/12/2021|website=[[Official Charts Company]]}}</ref>
|25
|}

== Music credits ==
Credits adapted from [[T-Series (company)|T-Series]].

* [[Mithoon]] – composer, lyrics, programmer, arranger
* [[Arijit Singh]] – vocals
* Dilshaad Shabbir Shaikh – additional vocals
* Sahil Solanki – additional vocals
* Munawwar Ali – additional vocals
* Dilshaad Shabbir Shaikh – vocals supervision
* [[Eric Pillai]] – mixing, mastering [at Future Sound Of Bombay]
* Michael Edwin Pillai – assistance mixing, assistance mastering
* Anugrah – creative supervision
* Kalyan Baruah – guitars
* Bobby Shrivastava – drums
* Eli Rodrigues – recording engineer
* Kaushal Gohil – musicians co-ordinators, studio assistance

== Nagumomu Thaarale (Telugu version) ==
{{Infobox song
| name = Nagumomu Thaarale
| cover =
| alt =
| caption =
| type = single
| artist = [[Sid Sriram]]
| album = [[Radhe Shyam (soundtrack)|Radhe Shyam]]
| language = [[Telugu language|Telugu]]
| English_title =
| released =
*{{Start date|2021|12|02|df=y}}
| recorded = 2020–2021
| studio =
| genre =
*[[Filmi]]
*[[Indian pop]]
*[[soft-rock]]
| length = 4:54
| label = [[T-Series (company)|T-Series]]
|writer=| composer = [[Justin Prabhakaran]]
| lyricist = Krishna Kanth
| producer = Justin Prabhakaran
| prev_title = Yevarive Prema Hrudhayama
| prev_year = 2021
| next_title = Nee Kosam
| next_year = 2022
| misc = {{Extra track listing
| album = [[Radhe Shyam (soundtrack)|Radhe Shyam]]
| type = single
| tracks = {{Hidden
| title = 4 tracks
| text =
# "Ee Raathale"
# "'''Nagumomu Thaarale'''"
# "Sanchari"
# "Ninnele"
}}}}{{External music video|type=single|{{YouTube|DCRqeCH21Qo|"Nagumomu Thaarale"}}
}}}}
"'''Nagumomu Thaarale'''" ({{translation|Smiling stars}}) is an Indian [[Telugu language|Telugu]]-language song by singer [[Sid Sriram]] and composed by [[Justin Prabhakaran]] from the 2022 soundtrack album [[Radhe Shyam (soundtrack)|''Radhe Shyam'']] of the film [[Radhe Shyam|of the same name]]. The song is written by Krishna Kanth. The song was released on 2 December 2021. The music video of the song was released on the same day. The full video song, featuring visuals directly from the film, was released on 23 March 2022 on YouTube.<ref>{{cite news|title=Radhe Shyam {{!}} Song - Aashiqui Aa Gayi (Full Video)|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/entertainment/music/telugu/radhe-shyam-telugu-song-nagumomu-thaarale/videoshow/90417390.cms|access-date=2024-03-03|website=[[The Times of India]]|language=en}}</ref>

=== Release ===
The teaser of the song was released on 29 November 2021.<ref>{{cite news|title=Radhe Shyam: The Melodious Promo Of 'Nagumomu Thaara' Is Out!|url=https://www.thehansindia.com/cinema/tollywood/radhe-shyam-the-melodious-promo-of-nagumomu-thaara-is-out-717461|website=The Hans India|language=en}}</ref> The song was scheduled to release on 1 December 2021, but due to the passing of lyricist [[Sirivennela Seetharama Sastry]], it was released on 2 December 2021, by [[T-Series (company)|T-Series]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.123telugu.com/mnews/nagumomu-thaarale-from-radhe-shyam-is-a-soulful-melody.html | title=Nagumomu Thaarale from Radhe Shyam is a soulful melody | Latest Telugu cinema news | Movie reviews | OTT Updates, OTT | date=2 December 2021 }}</ref> The full video song, featuring visuals directly from the film, was released on 23 March 2022 on YouTube.

== Track listing ==
The track was released as "Nagumomu Thaarale" in Telugu (lyrics written by Krishna Kanth), "Thiraiyoadu Thoorigai" in Tamil (lyrics written by [[Madhan Karky]]), as "Naguvantha Thaareye" in Kannada (lyrics written by Dhananjay Ranjan) and as "Malarodu Saayame" in Malayalam (lyrics written by Joe Paul) languages with vocals by [[Sid Sriram]] for Telugu and Tamil while [[Sooraj Santhosh]] sung the Kannada and Malayalam version of this track.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiaherald.com/Movies/Read/994448673/Radhe-Shyam-AashiquiAaGayi-Now-witness-Love-Anthem-in-South-Languages|title=Radhe Shyam #AashiquiAaGayi - Now witness Love Anthem in South Languages|work=India Herald|date=2 December 2021|last=Jeyya|first=Sibi}}</ref>

; Tracks
# "Aashiqui Aa Gayi" ([[Hindi]]) - 4:20
# "Nagumomu Thaarale" ([[Telugu language|Telugu]]) - 4:54
# "Thiraiyoadu Thoorigai" ([[Tamil language|Tamil]]) - 4:54
# "Naguvantha Thaareye" ([[Kannada]]) - 4:54
# "Malarodu Saayame" ([[Malayalam]]) - 4:54

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==

* {{YouTube|id=c-NaCU2n8jg|title="Aashiqui Aa Gayi" – music video}}
* {{YouTube|id=frVXOYpHOVQ|title="Aashiqui Aa Gayi" – (lyrical version)}}

{{Arijit Singh}}
{{T-Series}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:2021 songs]]
[[Category:Songs written for Telugu films]]
[[Category:Songs written for Hindi-language films]]
[[Category:Arijit Singh songs]]
[[Category:Songs written by Mithoon]]
[[Category:Macaronic songs]]
[[Category:Music videos shot in Italy]]

Comedian Myron

2026-01-13T21:09:39Z

Vilianapcm: Added Post.

{{short description|Indian comedian and singer (born 2002)}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Comedian Myron
| image = Francis Rebello ans Jr. Selvy (Myron Correia) (cropped).jpg
| caption = Correia during the ''tiatr Inas'' at [[Candolim]], 2023
| birth_name = Myron Shawn Correia
| birth_place = [[Margao, Goa]], India
| other_names = Jr. Selvy
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|2002|1|24|df=y}}
| education = {{ubl|
* [[St. Xavier's High School (Velim)|St. Xavier's High School]] ([[S.S.C]])
* [[Mount Mary's Higher Secondary School]] ([[HSSC]])}}
| occupation = {{hlist|Comedian|actor|singer|playwright|theatre director}}
| years_active = 2014–2016, 2018–2019; 2022–present
| father = [[Comedian Selvy]]
| website = {{URL|facebook.com/myron.correia}}
}}

'''Myron Shawn Correia''' (born 24 January 2002), known professionally as '''Comedian Myron''' or '''Jr. Selvy''', is an Indian comedian, actor, singer, playwright, theatre director, and former [[amateur football]]er known for his work in ''[[tiatr]]'' productions. The son of [[Konkani language|Konkani]] actor [[Comedian Selvy]], he began his career as a singer alongside his father in ''[[Tiatr#Khell tiatr|khell tiatrs]]'' before transitioning into commercial ''tiatrs'' as a comedian and singer in the 2010s.

==Early life==
Myron Shawn Correia was born on 24 January 2002 in [[Margao, Goa]], to [[Konkani language|Konkani]] actor [[Comedian Selvy]] and [[homemaker]] Candolina Fernandes. He has a younger brother, Ryan.<ref>{{Cite web |date=29 January 2002 |title=Directorate of Planning, Statistics and Evaluation and Office of the Chief Registrar of births and deaths |url=https://rbd.goa.gov.in/Certificate/CertificateSelect_goaonline.aspx |access-date=19 December 2023 |website=Goa Online |archive-date=27 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231027073241/https://rbd.goa.gov.in/Certificate/CertificateSelect_goaonline.aspx |url-status=live }}</ref> Correia received his early education at [[St. Xavier's High School (Velim)|St. Xavier’s High School]] in [[Velim, Goa]]. Following that, he undertook studies in [[Catering]] and [[Restaurant Management]] (CRM) at [[Mount Mary's Higher Secondary School]] in [[Chinchinim]]. Subsequently, he furthered his [[Culinary arts|culinary skills]] by completing a six-month course at Fr. Agnel Culinary and Hospitality Academy in Margao.<ref name=":10">{{Cite web |title=Bringing joy through laughter on stage |url=https://www.heraldgoa.in/Cafe/Bringing-joy-through-laughter-on-stage/221752 |access-date=2024-05-28 |website=oHeraldo |date=31 August 2022 }}</ref>

==Career==
===Football===
In October 2017, during the [[Reliance Foundation Youth Sports]] tournament held at the [[Ambelim]] football ground, Correia scored a crucial goal in the 58th minute. This goal helped his team secure a 5–5 draw against Rosary Higher Secondary School, [[Navelim]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rosary HSS thrash Mount Mary HSS; St Xavier's fight back in 10-goal thriller |url=http://www.heraldgoa.in/m/details.php?n_id=121089 |access-date=2023-12-19 |website=oHeraldo}}</ref>

===''Khell tiatrs''===
Correia embarked on his artistic journey at a young age, starting as a singer participating in ''[[Tiatrs#Khell tiatr|khell tiatrs]]'' during the [[Carnival in Goa|Carnival season in Goa]]. His father [[Comedian Selvy]] played a significant role in shaping his early career, as they performed together and received acclaim from the public. As Correia transitioned into his late teens, approximately 17–18 years old, he ventured into the realm of commercial ''[[tiatrs]]'' and was cast by his father. This experience exposed him to his father's popularity, which sparked his own interest in the field.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Com. Joyel & Com. Myron (Jr. Selvy) {{!}} Candid with Candida {{!}} Ep. 20 {{!}} Prudent {{!}} 070922 |url=https://www.prudentmedia.in/candid-with-candida/com-joyel-com-myron-jr-selvy-candid-with-candida-ep-20-prudent-070922/22078.html |access-date=2023-12-18 |website=www.prudentmedia.in |language=en |archive-date=2022-12-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221203190239/https://www.prudentmedia.in/candid-with-candida/com-joyel-com-myron-jr-selvy-candid-with-candida-ep-20-prudent-070922/22078.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

===''Tiatrs''===
Initially, Correia actively contributed to his father's theatrical productions. However, his potential caught the attention of [[Konkani language|Konkani]] director [[Mario Menezes]], who invited him to work on his projects. During their time together, Correia's father imparted his teachings, including specific techniques and steps, to nurture his skills. As a consequence, the public often drew comparisons between Correia and his father, leading him to adopt the stage name "Jr. Selvy."<ref name=":0" />

[[File:Tiatr 100% (Hundred Percent).jpg|thumb|Correia during a solo performance at Mario Menezes ''tiatr'' 100%, 2018]]
In May 2018, Correia joined the cast of Mario Menezes' ''tiatr'' production titled ''100%'' (Hundred Percent). This particular production garnered attention as it marked a historic moment in the ''tiatr'' industry, with a total of 25 children of prominent tiatrists in [[Goa]] taking the stage, many of whom were making their debut performances.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=A young generation of tiatrists |url=https://www.heraldgoa.in/Cafe/A-young-generation-of-tiatrists/131211 |access-date=2023-12-18 |website=oHeraldo |date=31 August 2022 |archive-date=2022-10-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221021210228/https://www.heraldgoa.in/Cafe/A-young-generation-of-tiatrists/131211 |url-status=live }}</ref>

Following Correia's performance in Mario Menezes' ''tiatr'' ''100%'', he was subsequently cast in Menezes' production titled ''College Life''. Later on, he was also selected to participate in his father's tiatr called ''Raza Jieta Combo Choita'', where he showcased his role alongside his father, earning him further acclaim.<ref name=":0" />

In November 2019, Correia secured a role in his father's tiatr ''Raza Jeita Combo Choita'', portraying a comedic character with the support of three other comedians. JP Pereira from ''[[The Navhind Times]]'' praised Correia's entertaining [[Solo (music)|solo act]], noting his singing abilities. However, Pereira suggested that some adjustments should be made to the final verse of the performance.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |last=Desk |first=N. T. |date=2019-11-03 |title='Aponn ' – The Navhind Times |work=The Navhind Times | Goa News |url=https://www.navhindtimes.in/2019/11/03/magazines/buzz/aponn/ |access-date=2023-12-18 |language=en-US |archive-date=2023-12-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231218094004/https://www.navhindtimes.in/2019/11/03/magazines/buzz/aponn/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

[[File:Tiatr 100% (Hundred Percent) - 40614697480.jpg|thumb|Correia (extreme left) during a performance at Menezes' ''tiatr'' 100%]]
In May 2022, Correia became involved in the ''tiatr'' production titled ''8 Dis'' (8 Days) organized by his father, [[Comedian Selvy]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Times |first=Navhind |date=2022-05-24 |title=8 Dis – The Navhind Times |work=The Navhind Times |url=https://www.navhindtimes.in/2022/05/24/magazines/buzz/8-dis/ |access-date=2023-12-18 |language=en-US |archive-date=2022-09-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220921223722/https://www.navhindtimes.in/2022/05/24/magazines/buzz/8-dis/ |url-status=live }}</ref> During the production, Correia made contributions to the comedic aspect of the show, working alongside his father, Cassy, and Caetan. Additionally, he showcased his singing abilities through solo performances alongside Mita, Myron, Pascoal Rodrigues, and Remson. Correia also formed comedic duos with his father, Comedian Selvy, and participated in a trio with Francis and Remson.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Pires |first=Mario |date=2022-06-18 |title=Tiatr Review: '8 Dis' |url=https://www.gomantaktimes.com/my-goa/art-culture/tiatr-review-8-dis |access-date=2023-12-18 |website=Gomantak Times |language=en |archive-date=2022-10-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221018105524/https://www.gomantaktimes.com/my-goa/art-culture/tiatr-review-8-dis |url-status=live }}</ref>

In June 2022, a review by Mario Pires highlighted Correia's support to his father in eliciting laughter from the audience. The reviewer noted Correia's ability to effectively contribute to the comedic atmosphere of the production.<ref name=":1" />

In August 2022, Correia took part in two performances of the ''tiatr 8 Dis'' (8 Days) at Ravindra Bhavan, [[Margao]]. These shows were dedicated to the memory of his father, Comedian Selvy. Reflecting on the portrayal of his father's character by Comedian Joyel, Correia expressed his satisfaction, stating that the performer's stage presence evoked memories of his father and even moved him to tears. Recognizing the fanbase his father had amassed, Correia emphasized the importance of continuing the show in his father's honor, stating that it was a way to pay tribute to his legacy.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |title='8 Dis' staged in memory of late Selvy |url=https://www.heraldgoa.in/Cafe/%E2%80%988-Dis%E2%80%99-staged-in-memory-of-late-Selvy/192507 |access-date=2023-12-18 |website=oHeraldo |date=31 August 2022 |archive-date=2022-10-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221013103049/https://www.heraldgoa.in/Cafe/%E2%80%988-Dis%E2%80%99-staged-in-memory-of-late-Selvy/192507 |url-status=live }}</ref>

In September 2022, during an interview with ''[[List of Konkani-language television channels|Prudent Media]]'', Correia shared the reason behind staging his father's final ''tiatr'' production, ''8 Dis'', following his father's death. He revealed that during his father's hospitalization, Comedian Selvy would inform fellow patients about his upcoming show schedules, expressing his determination to complete the shows and be discharged. After his father's funeral, Comedian Agostinho decided to fulfill his father's last wish by staging the ''tiatr'' production, which received a good response from the public, resulting in sold-out shows. The performances continued with Comedian Joyel taking on the role previously played by Correia's father.<ref name=":0" />

In February 2023, Correia was chosen to join the cast of the ''tiatr'' production titled ''Inas''. The play, written by Comedian Agostinho and directed by Comedian Joyel, featured Correia in the role of a comedian alongside fellow comedians Joyel, David, and Classy. Mario Pires, a critic from the ''Gomatak Times'', commended the ensemble for their entertaining performances, noting the presence of clean comedy, which is not commonly found in many ''tiatrs''. While Correia attempted various stage stunts, he was unable to match the prowess of his father. Additionally, Correia showcased his vocal abilities through a solo singing performance, sharing the spotlight with Benny de Aldona, Mita, and Pascoal Rodrigues. Furthermore, he participated in a trio song centered around football, collaborating with Francis, Joyel, and David.<ref name=":5">{{Cite web |last=Pires |first=Mario |date=2023-02-04 |title=Tiatr Review: 'Inas' |url=https://www.gomantaktimes.com/my-goa/art-culture/tiatr-review-inas |access-date=2023-12-18 |website=Gomantak Times |language=en |archive-date=2023-03-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230328113523/https://www.gomantaktimes.com/my-goa/art-culture/tiatr-review-inas |url-status=live }}</ref>

In March 2023, Correia secured a role in Comedian Richard's ''tiatr'' production titled ''Ghov Khevta Jugar Bail Zata Fugar''. Within this production, he portrayed a comedian alongside Comedian Richard, [[Comedian Sally]], Agnelo, Rizton, and Princy. Correia's ability as a singer were also highlighted as he delivered a solo singing performance, sharing the stage with [[Lawry Travasso]], Pascoal Rodrigues, Rosario de Benaulim, Peter de Arambol, Junior Reagan, and Roma. Mario Pires praised the quintet composed of Jr Reagan, Rizton, Richard, Correia, and Vilber, acknowledging their favorable reception by the audience.<ref name=":6">{{Cite web |last=Pires |first=Mario |date=2023-03-18 |title=Tiatr review: 'Ghov Khevta Jugar Bail Zata Fugar' |url=https://www.gomantaktimes.com/my-goa/art-culture/tiatr-review-ghov-khellta-jugar-bail-zata-fugar |access-date=2023-12-18 |website=Gomantak Times |language=en |archive-date=2023-09-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230923140600/https://www.gomantaktimes.com/my-goa/art-culture/tiatr-review-ghov-khellta-jugar-bail-zata-fugar |url-status=live }}</ref>

As of March 2023, Correia continued to actively participate in various ''tiatr'' productions, including Comedian Richard's ''Ghov Khevta Jugar Bail Zata Fugar'', Lawry Travasso's ''Sopnantlim Fulam'', and the upcoming tiatr ''Chor'' by Com. Agostinho and Com. Joyel.<ref>{{Cite web |title=An online platform only for the Konkani audience |url=https://www.heraldgoa.in/Cafe/An-online-platform-only-for-the-Konkani-audience/202690 |access-date=2023-12-18 |website=oHeraldo |date=31 August 2022 |archive-date=2023-04-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230407092942/https://www.heraldgoa.in/Cafe/An-online-platform-only-for-the-Konkani-audience/202690 |url-status=live }}</ref>

In August 2023, Correia secured a role as a singer in the tiatr production titled ''Panvlam'', directed by Francis de Dicarpale. Within the production, Correia showcased his vocal abilities through a solo performance, sharing the stage with artists such as Rosario de Benaulim, Rons, Tony de Ribandar, Celeste, and Pascoal Rodrigues. Mario Pires, a critic from the ''Gomatak Times'', highlighted the songs composed by Francisco/Meena and Correia/Tony de Ribandar/Agnelo/Rons for their messages intended for the audience.<ref name=":9">{{Cite web |last=Pires |first=Mario |date=2023-08-13 |title=Goa tiatr review: Tiatr 'Panvlam' |url=https://www.gomantaktimes.com/my-goa/art-culture/goa-tiatr-review-tiatr-panvlam |access-date=2023-12-18 |website=Gomantak Times |language=en |archive-date=2023-12-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231218094007/https://www.gomantaktimes.com/my-goa/art-culture/goa-tiatr-review-tiatr-panvlam |url-status=live }}</ref>

In September 2023, Correia was cast as a comedian in ''Mutt Bhor Mati'', a comedic tiatr production led by Comedian Sally. Alongside Correia, the production featured comedic talents including Dominic, Richard, Semenca, and Rizton. Furthermore, Correia exhibited his versatility by assuming the role of a singer, delivering a solo performance. Joining him on stage were Joylita, Pascoal Rodrigues, Lawry Travasso, Saby de Divar, and Joane, a child artist.<ref name=":7">{{Cite web |last=Pires |first=Mario |date=2023-09-17 |title=Goa tiatr review: Tiatr 'Mutt Bhor Mati' |url=https://www.gomantaktimes.com/my-goa/art-culture/goa-tiatr-review-tiatr-mutt-bhor-mati |access-date=2023-12-18 |website=Gomantak Times |language=en |archive-date=2023-10-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231015060649/https://www.gomantaktimes.com/my-goa/art-culture/goa-tiatr-review-tiatr-mutt-bhor-mati |url-status=live }}</ref>

In October 2023, Correia secured a role in the comedic ''tiatr'' production ''Chor'' (Thief), directed by the Comedian Agostinho. Within the production, Correia performed as a comedian, sharing the stage with fellow comedians Joyel, David, Fiona, and Defny. Correia also displayed his singing skills with a solo performance alongside Pascoal Rodrigues, Benny de Aldona, Mita, and Daniel. Once again, Mario Pires of the ''Gomatak Times'' praised the nature of two songs composed by Francisco, David, Joyel, and Correia, as well as Benny, David, and Francisco, which received applause from the audience.<ref name=":8">{{Cite web |last=Pires |first=Mario |date=2023-10-08 |title=Goa tiatr Review: Tiatr 'Chor' |url=https://www.gomantaktimes.com/my-goa/art-culture/goa-tiatr-review-tiatr-chor |access-date=2023-12-18 |website=Gomantak Times |language=en |archive-date=2023-10-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231015060636/https://www.gomantaktimes.com/my-goa/art-culture/goa-tiatr-review-tiatr-chor |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Stage works==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Year
!Title
!Role
!Notes
!Ref
|-
|2014
|''Mhoji Sun Mhoji Dhuv''
|Uncredited
|Debut as child artiste
|
|-
|2018
|''100%''
|Comedian/singer
|Professional debut
|<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":10" />
|-
|rowspan="3"|2019
|''College Life''
|Comedian/singer
|
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=College Life: A reality check of education |url=https://www.thegoan.net//college-life-a-reality-check-of-education/51918.html |access-date=2023-12-18 |website=The Goan EveryDay |language=en |archive-date=2023-12-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231218134924/https://www.thegoan.net//college-life-a-reality-check-of-education/51918.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|''My First Love''
|Uncredited
|
|
|-
|''Raza Jeita Combo Choita''
|Comedian/singer
|
|<ref name=":3" />
|-
|2022
|''8 Dis''
|Comedian/singer
|
|<ref name=":4" />
|-
|rowspan="6"|2023
|''Inas''
|Comedian/singer
|
|<ref name=":5" />
|-
|''Ghov Khevta Jugar Bail Zata Fugar''
|Comedian/singer
|
|<ref name=":6" />
|-
|''Sopnantlim Fulam''
|
|
|
|-
|''Panvlam''
|Comedian/singer
|
|<ref name=":9" />
|-
|''Mutt Bhor Mati''
|Comedian/singer
|
|<ref name=":7" />
|-
|''Chor''
|Comedian/singer
|
|<ref name=":8" />
|-
|rowspan="5"|2024
|''Maimchem Korun Ghotton Sasumaink Khavoita Mutton''
|Comedian/singer
|
|<ref>{{Cite web |last=Pires |first=Mario |date=2024-02-18 |title=Tiatr review: 'Maimchem Korun Ghotton...', rife with greed and neglect |url=https://www.gomantaktimes.com/my-goa/art-culture/tiatr-review-maimchem-korun-ghotton-rife-with-greed-and-neglect |access-date=2024-05-28 |website=Goa News in English on Gomantak Times |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|''Mhozo Daddy''
|Comedian/singer
|Also writer & director
|<ref>{{Cite web |last=Pires |first=Mario |date=2024-05-12 |title=Goa tiatr review: Poor boy meets rich girl in 'Mhozo Daddy' |url=https://www.gomantaktimes.com/my-goa/art-culture/goa-tiatr-review-poor-boy-meets-rich-girl-in-mhozo-daddy |access-date=2024-05-28 |website=Goa News in English on Gomantak Times |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|''Duplicate''
|Comedian
|
|rowspan="3"|<ref>{{Cite web |last=Pires |first=Mario |date=2024-07-04 |title=Don't miss these monsoon releases on Goa's 'tiatr' scene |url=https://www.gomantaktimes.com/my-goa/art-culture/dont-miss-these-monsoon-releases-on-goas-tiatr-scene |access-date=2024-07-04 |website=Goa News in English on Gomantak Times |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|''Grandma''
|Comedian
|
|-
|''Konnache Chukik Lagon?''
|Comedian
|
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*{{IMDB name|id=14886059}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Myron, Comedian}}
[[Category:2002 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Tiatrists]]
[[Category:People from South Goa district]]
[[Category:Indian male comedians]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian male singers]]

Zero Mile Freedom Park metro station

2025-12-19T18:02:34Z

Vilianapcm: Started info

{{Short description|Nagpur Metro's Orange Line metro station}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2023}}
{{Infobox station
| name = Zero Mile Freedom Park
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| symbol_location =
| symbol =
| type = {{Nagpur Metro Infobox station line|line=Orange}}
| style = Nagpur Metro
| image = Zero Mile Freedom Park metro station.jpg
| alt =
| caption =
| address = Civil Lines, Nagpur, Maharashtra 440001
| borough =
| country =
| coordinates = {{coord|21.146703|79.080916}}
| owned = [[Maharashtra Metro Rail Corporation Limited]] (MAHA-METRO)
| operator = [[Nagpur Metro]]
| line = {{rcb|Nagpur Metro|Orange|croute}}
| distance =
| platforms = [[Side platform]] Platform-1 → [[Automotive Square metro station|Automotive Square]] Platform-2 → [[Khapri metro station|Khapri]]
| tracks = 2
| train_operators =
| connections =
| structure = [[Elevated]], [[Double-track railway|Double track]]
| levels = 2
| parking = {{Parking symbol}} available
| bicycle =
| architectural_style =
| accessible = Yes {{access icon}}
| code =
| zone =
| website =
| opened = {{Start date|2021|08|21|df=y}}
| electrified = {{25 kV 50 Hz}} [[Overhead line|overhead catenary]]
| passengers =
| pass_year =
| pass_rank =
| services = {{Adjacent stations|system=Nagpur Metro|line=Orange|left=Kasturchand Park|to-left=Automotive Square|right=Sitabuldi}}
| route_map = {{Nagpur Metro North-South Line}}
| map_state = collapsed
| mapframe = yes
| mapframe-marker = rail
| mapframe-marker-color = #{{rail color|Nagpur Metro|Orange}}
| mapframe-zoom = 14
}}
'''Zero Mile Freedom Park'''<ref>{{cite web |title=Project Profile |url=https://www.metrorailnagpur.com/projectprofile.aspx |website=Nagpur Metro |access-date=26 November 2021}}</ref> is an elevated metro station on the North-South corridor of the [[Orange Line (Nagpur Metro)|Orange Line]] of [[Nagpur Metro]] in the city of [[Nagpur]], Maharashtra. It is named after the nearby [[Zero Mile Stone (Nagpur)|Zero Mile Stone]] which was built in 1907 to mark the [[Great Trigonometrical Survey]] of India.<ref>{{cite web |title=Nagpur Zero Mile, the geographical heart of India, gears up for a facelift |url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/economy/logistics/nagpur-zero-mile-the-geographical-heart-of-india-gears-up-for-a-facelift/article9072583.ece |website=Hindu Business Line |access-date=3 June 2018 |language=en}}</ref> The station was opened on 21 August 2021.<ref>{{cite web |title=Nagpur Metro extension: Stretch between Sitabuldi, Kasturchand Park inaugurated |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/pune/nagpur-metro-extension-stretch-between-sitabuldi-kasturchand-park-inaugurated-7463317/ |website=The Indian Express |access-date=26 November 2021 |language=en |date=21 August 2021}}</ref>

==Design==
The Nagpur Metro Rail Corporation (now [[Mahametro]]) launched a global competition on 5 June 2015 inviting bids for the Zero Mile and Sitaburdi metro stations.<ref>{{cite web |author1=Nagpur Metro Rail Corporation Ltd |title=Invitation for Expression of Interest (EOI) for Selection of Architect |url=https://www.competitionline.com/upload/downloads/191xx/19164_201271_notice.pdf |website=Competitionline |access-date=3 June 2018}}</ref> Twenty-three architecture firms submitted designs in response. The metro authority shortlisted 13 firms for the detailed design stage, and eventually requested four firms to submit designs. A panel of architects appointed by the authority to pick the winning design, and the preliminary design of the winning entry was unveiled by the metro authority in May 2016.

The Zero Mile station is a 20-storey building with two basements. The building's facade is made of locally sourced glass and stone. It is located on a 12,000 square metre plot of land on Wardha Road.<ref name="Nagpur Today1">{{cite web |title=Work on Majhi Metro’s grand Zero Mile Station gains steam |url=https://www.nagpurtoday.in/work-on-the-iconic-zero-mile-station-of-maha-metro-nagpur-is-going-on-in-rapid-pace/05171419 |website=Nagpur Today |access-date=3 June 2018}}</ref> Mahametro completed the demolition of a two-storey building of the fisheries department that was previously located on the site in January 2018.<ref>{{cite web |title=Decks cleared for Zero Mile metro rail station |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/nagpur/decks-cleared-for-zero-mile-metro-rail-station/articleshow/62343892.cms |website=The Times of India |access-date=3 June 2018}}</ref>

The station is equipped with 8 escalators, 10 lifts, and also features multi-level parking with a capacity to accommodate 244 cars. Apart from the metro station and related facilities, the station building also contains hotels, restaurants, commercial places, offices, and a banquet hall. Zero Mile station also provides connectivity with the heritage walk around the Zero Mile Stone and Shaheed Smarak monuments.<ref name="Nagpur Today1"/> Also located near the station are an amphitheatre and a survey museum that will display the results of surveys conducted during the [[British Raj]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Zero Mile to get a 20-storey station, a heritage walk and amphitheatre - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/nagpur/Zero-Mile-to-be-revamped/articleshow/55820180.cms |website=The Times of India |access-date=3 June 2018}}</ref>

A Potain Tower Crane was utilized to speed up construction of the station.<ref>{{cite web |title=Potain Tower Crane to Speed up Zero Mile Station Work |url=https://www.nagpurtoday.in/potain-tower-crane-to-speed-up-zero-mile-station-work/04130729 |website=www.nagpurtoday.in |access-date=3 June 2018}}</ref>

==Station layout==
{{stack|{{Routemap
| title = Zero Mile Freedom Park track layout
| title color = white
| title-bg = #{{rail color|Nagpur Metro|Orange}}
| legend = track
| collapsible = no
| map = vCONTgfa
cPLT\vSTR\cPLT ~~ ~~ ~~ to {{stl|Nagpur Metro|Kasturchand Park}}
*'''P1'''\cPLT\vSTR\cPLT\*'''P2'''
cPLT\vSTR\cPLT ~~ ~~ ~~ to {{stl|Nagpur Metro|Sitabuldi}} {{rcb|Nagpur Metro|Aqua|croute}}
vCONTgfe
| bottom = <div style="width:23.5em;text-align:center">Station with two tracks and two side platforms</div>
}}}}
{|table border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=3
|style="border-bottom:solid 1px grey;border-top:solid 1px grey;" width=50 valign=top|'''G'''
|style="border-top:solid 1px grey;border-bottom:solid 1px grey;" width=100 valign=top|Street level
|style="border-top:solid 1px grey;border-bottom:solid 1px grey;" width=500 valign=top|Exit/Entrance
|-
|valign=top|'''L1'''
|valign=top|Mezzanine
|valign=top|Fare control, station agent, Metro Card vending machines, crossover 
|-
|style="border-top:solid 1px grey;border-bottom:solid 1px grey;" width=50 rowspan=4 valign=top|'''L2'''
|style="border-top:solid 1px grey;border-right:solid 2px black;border-left:solid 2px black;border-bottom:solid 2px black;text-align:center;" colspan=2|[[Side platform]] | Doors will open on the left {{access icon}}
|-
|style="border-bottom:solid 1px grey;" width=100|'''Platform 2''' '''Southbound'''
|style="border-bottom:solid 1px grey;" width=500|Towards → [[Khapri metro station|Khapri]] '''Next Station:''' [[Sitabuldi metro station|Sitabuldi]] '''''Change at the next station for {{rcb|Nagpur Metro|Aqua|croute}}'''''
|-
|'''Platform 1''' '''Northbound'''
|Towards ← [[Automotive Square metro station|Automotive Square]] '''Next Station:''' [[Kasturchand Park metro station|Kasturchand Park]]
|-
|style="border-top:solid 2px black;border-right:solid 2px black;border-left:solid 2px black;border-bottom:solid 1px grey;" colspan=2 align=center|[[Side platform]] | Doors will open on the left {{access icon}}
|-
|style="border-bottom:solid 1px grey;" width=50 rowspan=2 valign=top|'''L2'''
|style="border-bottom:solid 1px grey;" width=100|
|style="border-bottom:solid 1px grey;" width=500|
|-
|}

==See also==
* [[Nagpur]]
* [[Maharashtra]]
* [[List of Nagpur Metro stations]]
* [[Urban rail transit in India#Rapid transit|Rapid transit in India]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Nagpur Metro navbox}}

[[Category:Nagpur Metro stations]]
[[Category:Railway stations in India opened in 2021]]

Nyctibatrachus indraneili

2025-12-18T04:11:59Z

Vilianapcm: Created entry!

{{Short description|Species of frog}}
{{Speciesbox
| status = CR
| status_system = IUCN3.1
| status_ref = <ref>{{cite iucn |author=UCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group. 2023. |date=2023 |title=''Nyctibatrachus indraneili. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2023''|doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2023-1.RLTS.T48874250A54149411.en|access-date=26 June 2025}}</ref>
| genus = Nyctibatrachus
| species = indraneili
| authority = Biju, Van Bocxlaer, Mahony, Dinesh, Radhakrishnan, Zachariah, Giri, and Bossuyt, 2011
}}

'''''Nyctibatrachus indraneili''''' is a species of frog endemic to India. It is also commonly called '''Indraneil's night frog.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Biju |first=S. D. |last2=Bocxlaer |first2=Ines Van |last3=Mahony |first3=Stephen |last4=Dinesh |first4=K. P. |last5=Radhakrishnan |first5=C. |last6=Zachariah |first6=Anil |last7=Giri |first7=Varad |last8=Bossuyt |first8=Franky |date=2011-09-15 |title=A taxonomic review of the Night Frog genus Nyctibatrachus Boulenger, 1882 in the Western Ghats, India (Anura: Nyctibatrachidae) with description of twelve new species |url=https://mapress.com/zt/article/view/zootaxa.3029.1.1 |journal=Zootaxa |volume=3029 |issue=1 |doi=10.11646/zootaxa.3029.1.1 |issn=1175-5334|url-access=subscription }}</ref>''' <ref>{{Cite web |title=Nyctibatrachus indraneili Biju, Van Bocxlaer, Mahony, Dinesh, Radhakrishnan, Zachariah, Giri & Bossuyt, 2011 |url=https://www.gbif.org/species/10780219 |access-date=2025-06-26 |website=www.gbif.org |language=en}}</ref>

== Distribution and habitat ==
At the time of describing this species in 2011, it was known only from the Longwood shola forest at [[Kotagiri]] in [[Tamil Nadu]]. It was found under the rocks of a flowing stream inside a forest.<ref name=":0" /> An [[International Union for Conservation of Nature|IUCN]] assessment published in 2023 assessed the species as [[Critically endangered|Critically Endangered]].[https://www.gbif.org/species/10780219]

== Etymology ==
This species was named after [[Indraneil Das]], a herpetologist from India for his contributions to herpetological research in South Asia.<ref name=":0" />

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Taxonbar|from=Q3346622}}

[[Category:Frogs of India]]
[[Category:Endemic amphibians of India]]
[[Category:Nyctibatrachus|indraneili]]

Pushan

2025-12-10T19:27:17Z

Vilianapcm:

{{short description|Hindu god}}
{{about|Hindu god|the village in Iran|Pushan, Iran|the South Korean port city|Busan}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2016}}
{{Infobox deity
| type = hindu
| Devanagari = पूषन्
| deity_of = God of meetings, marriages, journeys, roads, cattle
| weapon = Golden [[axe]], awl, goad
| mount = Chariot driven by goats
| affiliation = [[Deva (Hinduism)|Deva]], [[Adityas]]
| parents = [[Aditi]] and [[Kashyapa]]
| consort = Sūryā
| equivalent1 = [[Pan (god)|Pan]] {{small|or}} [[Hermes]]
| equivalent1_type = Greek
| equivalent2 = [[Faunus]] {{small|or}} [[Mercury (mythology)|Mercury]]
| equivalent2_type = Roman
| planet = [[Sun]]
| image =
| caption =
}}

'''Pushan''' ({{langx|sa|[[wikt:पूषन्|पूषन्]]}} , {{IAST3|Pūṣan}}) is a [[Hindu]] [[Historical Vedic religion|Vedic]] [[solar deity]] and one of the [[Adityas]]. He is the god of meeting. Pushan is responsible for marriages, journeys, roads, and the feeding of cattle. He was a [[psychopomp]] (soul guide), conducting souls to the other world. He protected travelers from bandits and wild beasts, and protected men from being exploited by other men. He was a supportive guide, a "good" god, leading his adherents towards rich pastures and wealth.

==Etymology ==
{{Hinduism}}
Traditionally, the name of the deity is said to be derived from [[Sanskrit language|Sanskrit]] verb, ''pūṣyati'', which means "to cause to thrive".<ref>{{cite book|last1=Macdonell|first1=Arthur Anthony|title=A Vedic Reader for Students|date=1917|publisher=Clarendon Press (Oxford)|location=Oxford, England|pages=[https://archive.org/details/vedicreaderforst00macd/page/111 111]–115|url=https://archive.org/details/vedicreaderforst00macd|access-date=25 March 2017}}</ref> Many modern scholars consider Pushan to be derived from the reconstructed [[Proto-Indo-European religion|Proto-Indo-European god]] ''*[[Péh₂usōn]]'',<ref>{{cite book|last1=Mallory|first1=J. P.|last2=Adams|first2=D. Q.|title=The Oxford Introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Proto-Indo-European World|date=2006|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=Oxford, England|isbn=978-0-19-929668-2|page=434}}</ref> which would thereby make Pushan a [[cognate]] of the [[Ancient Greek religion|Greek god]] [[Pan (deity)|Pan]]. The connection between Pan and Pushan was first proposed by the German scholar Hermann Collitz in 1924.<ref>H. Collitz, "Wodan, Hermes und Pushan," Festskrift tillägnad Hugo Pipping pȧ hans sextioȧrsdag den 5 November 1924 1924, pp 574–587.</ref>

==Texts==
Ten hymns in the [[Rigveda]] are dedicated to Pūṣan (including one jointly to Soma and Pūṣan and another to Indra and Pūṣan).<ref>''Rigveda'' [http://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/rigveda/rv01042.htm I.42], [http://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/rigveda/rv01138.htm I.138], [http://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/rigveda/rv02040.htm II.40] (to Soma and Pūṣan), [http://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/rigveda/rv06053.htm VI.53], [http://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/rigveda/rv06054.htm VI.54], [http://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/rigveda/rv06055.htm VI.55], [http://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/rigveda/rv06056.htm VI.56], [http://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/rigveda/rv06057.htm VI.57] (to Indra and Pūṣan), [http://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/rigveda/rv06058.htm VI.58] and [http://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/rigveda/rv10026.htm X.26]. Links direct to the 1896 English translation by [[Ralph T. H. Griffith]] on sacred-texts.com, which also hosts a Sanskrit version of each hymn.</ref> His chariot is pulled by goats.<ref name = "Dalal14" /><ref name=":1">{{cite book |last=O'Flaherty |first=Wendy Doniger |title=The Rig Veda: An Anthology |publisher=Penguin Books |location=New Delhi |year=2000 |page=[https://archive.org/details/rigvedapenguincl00anon/page/195 195] |isbn=0-14-044402-5 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/rigvedapenguincl00anon/page/195 }}</ref> Sometimes he is described as driving the Sun in its course across the sky. He seems to represent the sun as a guardian of flocks and herds. Pushan is also regarded as Kavi, who in turn became an epithet of a number of gods and further a title signifying "king".

He has braided hair and a beard, and carries a golden [[axe]], an [[wikt:awl|awl]], and a [[goad]].<ref name=":0">{{cite book|author=Jamison|first=Stephanie|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fgzVAwAAQBAJ|title=The Rigveda –– Earliest Religious Poetry of India|last2=Brereton|first2=Joel|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2015|isbn=978-0190633394|location=|pages=151, 849–850}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite book|last=Macdonell|first=Arthur Anthony|title=Vedic Mythology|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=1897|pages=35–37}}</ref> He eats gruel, and in the [[Shatapatha Brahmana]] is stated to be toothless. He is married to Sūryā, the daughter of the Sun, whom the gods bestowed on him. He is a knower of paths and a guardian of roads.<ref name = "Dalal14" /> In this role he protects people from various dangers on roads, such as wolves and ambushers. He is also associated with divine paths, and is familiar with the path between earth and heaven, which allows him lead souls to heaven.<ref name=":2" /> He is invoked to guard cattle, horses, and sheep, and is asked to find those cattle that have been lost.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" />

According to a narrative found in the [[Taittiriya Samhita]], [[Rudra]] was excluded from the [[Daksha yajna]], an important sacrifice in honor of various deities. He, in anger, pierced the sacrifice with an arrow and broke Pushan's teeth as he attempted to eat a part of the oblation. The later versions of this narrative are found in the [[Ramayana]], [[Mahabharata]], and the [[Puranas]]. In these versions, [[Rudra]] (or [[Shiva]]) was angry because his father-in-law, [[Daksha]], the sacrificer, did not invite him. [[Shiva]], in anger, kicked Pushan and knocked out his teeth as he was eating the oblation.<ref name="dowson">{{cite book |last=Dowson |first=John |title=A Classical Dictionary of Hindu Mythology and Religion, Geography, History, and Literature |publisher= Trübner & Co. |location=London |year=1888 |edition=2nd |pages=[https://archive.org/details/aclassicaldictio00dowsuoft/page/n294 249]–250 |url=https://archive.org/details/aclassicaldictio00dowsuoft |quote=Pushan + Classical Dictionary of Hindu Mythology and Religion, Geography, History and John Dowson. | isbn=978-0-7661-7589-1}}</ref> In the [[Puranic]] versions, [[Virabhadra]], created by [[Shiva]] from a lock of his matted hair, knocked out Pushan's teeth.<ref>{{cite book |last=Wilkins |first=W.J. |title=Hindu Mythology, Vedic, and Puranic |publisher=Thacker, Spink & Co. |location=Calcutta |year=1900 |edition=2nd |page=270 |url=http://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/hmvp/hmvp33.htm }}</ref>

In the ''Mahabharata'' and ''Puranas'', Pushan is described as one of the twelve ''Adityas'' ([[Aditi]]'s sons). Aditi's other eleven sons as listed in the Mahabharata are [[Surya]], [[Aryaman]], [[Tvashta]], [[Savitr]], [[Bhaga]], [[Dhatri|Dhata]], [[Mitra (Vedic)|Mitra]], [[Varuna]], [[Amsha]], [[Indra]] and [[Vishnu]] (in the form of [[Vamana]]deva).<ref name = "Dalal14">{{Cite book|last=Dalal|first=Roshen|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zrk0AwAAQBAJ&q=Pushan|title=Hinduism: An Alphabetical Guide|date=2014-04-18|publisher=Penguin UK|isbn=978-81-8475-277-9|language=en}}</ref>

==See also==
*[[Hindu deities]]
*[[Hindu mythology]]
*[[List of Hindu deities]]

==Notes==
{{Reflist}}

{{Hindu Culture and Epics}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Hindu gods]]
[[Category:Solar gods]]
[[Category:Adityas]]
[[Category:Rigvedic deities]]
[[Category:Animal gods]]
[[Category:Pastoral gods]]
[[Category:Marriage deities]]
[[Category:Liminal gods]]

Berar Subah

2025-12-04T07:32:59Z

Vilianapcm: new initial pg more to come

{{Short description|Subah of the Mughal Empire}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2017}}
{{Infobox former country
| native_name =
| area_label = 1601
| area_sq_mi = 49786<ref>{{Cite book |last=Habib |first=Irfan |url= |title=An Atlas of the Mughal Empire: Political and Economic Maps with Detained Notes, Bibliography and Index |date=1986 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-560379-8 |language=en|chapter=Table I: Area and ''ʽJama'' of the Mughal Empire, c. 1601|author-link=Irfan Habib|pp=xii–xiii}}</ref>
| conventional_long_name = Berar Subah
| common_name = Berar
| year_start = 1596
| event_start = Conquered by [[Akbar]]
| year_end = 1724
| event_end = The Nizam of [[Hyderabad state|Hyderabad]] becomes the ''[[de jure]]'' sovereign of Berar
| p1 = Ahmednagar Sultanate
| s1 = Hyderabad State
| flag_s1 = Asafia flag of Hyderabad State.svg
| image_map = Berar_Subah.png
| image_map_caption = Berar Subah depicted in map of Mughal Empire by Robert Wilkinson (1805)
| capital = [[Ellichpur]]
| footnotes = {{EB1911|wstitle=Berar}}
}}
The '''Berar Subah''' ({{langx|fa|{{nq|صوبه برار}}}}) was one of the [[Subah (province)|Subah]]s (provinces) of the [[Mughal Empire]], in Central India from 1596 to 1724. It bordered [[Golconda Subah|Golconda]], [[Ahmadnagar Subah|Ahmadnagar]] (both conquered in 1601), [[Kandesh subah|Kandesh]] and [[Malwa Subah|Malwa]] provinces as well as the independent and tributary kingdoms to the east.

== Origin of name ==
According to the ''Ain-i-Akbari'', the original name of Berar was ''Waradatat'' (the banks of Varada River).<ref>Abul Fazl-i-Allami (1949, reprint 1993). ''Ain-i-Akbari'' Vol. II (tr. H.S. Jarrett, rev. J.N. Sarkar), Calcutta: The Asiatic Society, p.236</ref>

== History ==
Before the Mughal occupation, Berar was part of the Nizam Shahi sultanate of [[Ahmadnagar Sultanate|Ahmadnagar]]. It was ceded to the emperor [[Akbar]] by [[Chand Bibi]] in 1596, unable to stand against the imperial forces led by prince [[Sultan Murad Mirza|Murad]]. After this initial victory Prince Murad settled in Berar with Balapur as his headquarters. Near Balapur he founded a new city named [[Shahapur, Buldhana|Shahpur]] and constructed a beautiful palace for himself. As his relationship was deteriorating with [[Abdul Rahim Khan-i-Khanan]], the commander of the army, Akbar recalled Khan-i-Khanan and sent his trusted friend [[Abu'l-Fazl ibn Mubarak|Abul Fazl]] to help him. Murad died in 1598. After his death, Prince Daniel was given the charge as governor of Berar, Ahmadnagar and Khandesh, Khan-i- Khanan was sent along with Daniel. Akbar died in 1605.<ref name="Wardha">{{cite web|url= http://www.maharashtra.gov.in/english/gazetteer/WARDHA/his_admin.html|title= Wardha district e-gazetteer – administrative history}}</ref>

In 1611, the southern provinces of Ahmadnagar, Berar and Khandesh defied Mughal sovereignty under [[Malik Ambar]]. Jahangir sent [[Man Singh I|Man Singh]] and others to crush the revolt.
Man Singh died a natural death on 6 July 1614 at Ellichpur. During [[Jahangir]]’s rule, [[Malik Ambar]] till his death in 1626 recovered a substantial part of the Deccan from the Mughals including Berar. In 1628, the first year of reign of [[Shah Jahan]], Berar again came under the Mughal sway.

In 1636, the Mughal possessions in ''Dakhin'' (Deccan) were divided into 4 Subahs. Berar was one of them with [[Ellichpur]] as its capital and Gavilgad as its main fort. [[Aurangzeb]] was appointed viceroy of four Deccan Subahs for the first time and he occupied the post for eight years (till 1644). He was again appointed viceroy for the second time in 1653 and he remained in that post till 1657.<ref>Mahajan V.D. (1991, reprint 2007). ''History of Medieval India'', Part II, New Delhi: S. Chand, {{ISBN|81-219-0364-5}}, p.143</ref> During Aurangzeb's reign, Berar was successively overrun by the Maratha rulers [[Shambhaji]] in 1680 and [[Rajaram Chhatrapati|Rajaram]] in 1698. In 1720, Maratha Peshwa [[Balaji Vishwanath]] obtained the grant of the right to collect ''[[chauth]]'' and ''[[sardeshmukhi]]'' from Berar from the Mughal emperor.

In 1724, when Nizam-ul-Mulk Asaf Jah declared independence, the existence of Berar as a Mughal Subah came to an end. It became (though nominally) a part of Nizam's state.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V07_375.gif |title=Imperial Gazetteer of India, v. 7, p. 369 |access-date=20 February 2021 |archive-date=18 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210518202651/https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V07_375.gif |url-status=dead }}</ref>

== Administrative divisions ==
Berar came under Mughal administration in 1596. [[Todar Mal]]'s famous system known as ''[[bandobast]]'' was made applicable to the Berar Subah.

The area of the Berar Subah during Akbar's reign was 72,000 sq. miles. According to ''Ain-i-Akbari'', its northern limit was Handia, the eastern limit was the fort of Vairagad near [[Bastar district|Bastar]], the southern limit was Telangana and the western limit was Mahkarabad. [[Ellichpur]] was the capital of the Subah. The important forts of the Subah were [[Gawilghur|Gawilgad]], [[Narnala]], Pavanar, Khedala, Manikdurg and Mahur. It was divided into 13 ''[[Sarkar (administrative division)|sarkar]]s'' consisting of 242 ''[[pargana]]s''.<ref>Abul Fazl-i-Allami (1949, reprint 1993). ''Ain-i-Akbari'' Vol. II (tr. H.S. Jarrett, rev. J.N. Sarkar), Calcutta: The Asiatic Society, pp.236-9</ref>

The sarkars and parganas of the Berar Subah (province) were:<ref>Abul Fazl-i-Allami (1949, reprint 1993). ''Ain-i-Akbari'' Vol. II (tr. H.S. Jarrett, rev. J.N. Sarkar), Calcutta: The Asiatic Society, pp.240-4</ref>

{| class="wikitable" style="width:80%; text-align:center" border="1" align="center"
|-
! Sarkar (district) !! No. of Parganas (tehsil)
|-
| [[Gawilgarh|Gavil]]||46; [[Ellichpur]] was the capital of Berar
|-
| Khedala||35
|-
| Pavanar||5
|-
| [[Narnala]]||34
|-
| [[Kalamb, Yavatmal|Kalamb]]||31
|-
| [[Washim]]||8
|-
| [[Mahur, Maharashtra|Mahur]]||20
|-
| Manikdurg||8
|-
| [[Pathri]]||18
|-
| Telangana||19
|-
| Ramgad||5
|-
| [[Mehkar]]||4
|-
| Baitulawadi||9
|}

== Economy ==
The ''jama'' (revenue assessed) from Berar in 1596 was 64,26,03,270 [[Dam (Indian coin)|dam]]s (Delhi).<ref>Habib, Irfan ''The Agrarain System of Mughal India 1556-1707'', Oxford University Press, New Delhi, 1999 {{ISBN|0-19-565595-8}}, p.462</ref> Land revenue formed the major part of the total income from the Subah. Other sources of income were [[zakat]], customs, salt tax, [[khums]], mint, currency, [[jizya]], [[escheat]]s, presents, [[octroi]], tolls and tributes. The coins current were tanka-i-Barari, dam and Rupee. One tanka-i-Barari was equal to 16 Delhi dams<ref>Abul Fazl-i-Allami (1949, reprint 1993). ''Ain-i-Akbari'' Vol. II (tr. H.S. Jarrett, rev. J.N. Sarkar), Calcutta: The Asiatic Society, p.239n</ref> (but later raised to 24 dams) or eight Delhi tankas.

== See also ==
* [[Berar Sultanate]] (pre-Mughal)
* [[Berar Province]] (after, British colonial)

== Notes ==
{{reflist}}

== References ==
*Abul Fazl-i-Allami (1949, reprint 1993). ''Ain-i-Akbari'' Vol. II (tr. H.S. Jarrett, rev. J.N. Sarkar), Calcutta: The Asiatic Society.

{{Berar}}{{Mughal Empire}}
[[Category:Mughal subahs]]
[[Category:Berar]]

Pāvā

2025-11-23T10:41:24Z

Vilianapcm: small edit

{{short description|Historical city in Uttar Pradesh, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2019}}
{{More citations needed|date=October 2022}}
{{About|the Buddhist site in Uttar Pradesh||Pava (disambiguation)}}
[[File:pava.jpg|thumb|325px|A stupa built at the place where [[Cunda Kammāraputta|Cunda's]] house used to be, in ancient Pava (present-day [[Fazilnagar]])]]
{{BuddhasHolySites}}
'''Pāvā''' was an important city of the [[Malla (tribe)|Malla tribe]] of [[History_of_India#Second_urbanisation_(c._600_%E2%80%93_200_BCE)|ancient India]] at the time of the [[Haryanka dynasty]] of [[Magadha (Mahajanapada)|Magadha]]. It is located about {{convert|20|km}} southeast of [[Kushinagar]] in the state of [[Uttar Pradesh]], India.<ref name=Carlleyle1885>{{cite book|last=Carlleyle|first=A. C. L.|author-link=A. C. L. Carlleyle|title=Report of Tours in Gorakhpur, Saran and Ghazipur in 1877-78-79 and 80|chapter=Pāwā|volume=22|pages=29–35|publisher=Archaeological Survey of India|location=Calcutta|year=1885|chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/pli.kerala.rare.12162/page/n35/mode/2up}}</ref>

==Possible locations==
The precise location of ancient Pāvā is not known with certainty. Likely candidates include:
*an ancient site known as Fazilnagar ka kot ([[Archaeological Survey of India|ASI]] SL.# N-UP-P25), located in present-day [[Fazilnagar]], in Kushinagar district<ref name=Carlleyle1885/><ref>{{Cite web | title=List of Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Sites and Remains of Patna - Archaeological Survey of India | url=http://asi.nic.in/asi_monu_alphalist_uttarpradesh_patna.asp | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070626195839/http://asi.nic.in:80/asi_monu_alphalist_uttarpradesh_patna.asp | access-date=2025-03-22 | archive-date=2007-06-26}}</ref><ref name=TBE>{{cite encyclopedia|title=Pava|encyclopedia=Tibetan Buddhist Encyclopedia|date=3 February 2016|url=http://tibetanbuddhistencyclopedia.com/en/index.php/Pava|accessdate=8 October 2022}}</ref>
*a large flat-topped mound of ruins known as Jharmatiya ([[Archaeological Survey of India|ASI]] SL.# N-UP-P21), located in present-day Chetiaon, in Kushinagar district<ref name=Chakrabarti2006>{{cite book|last=Chakrabarti|first=Dilip K.|author-link=Dilip Kumar Chakrabarti|editor-last=Olivelle|editor-first=Patrick|editor-link=Patrick Olivelle|title=Between the Empires: Society in India 300 BCE to 400 CE|chapter=Relating History to the Land: Urban Centers, Geographical Units, and Trade Routes in the Gangetic and Central India of circa 200 BCE|page=17|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=Oxford|year=2006|isbn=978-0195305326|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=efaOR_-YsIcC&dq=%22The+Buddha%E2%80%99s+final+journey+from+Vaisali+to+Kusinagar,+where+he+died,+took+him+past+the+major+st%C5%ABpa+site+of+Kesariya%22&pg=PA17}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.dailynews.lk/2022/05/16/features/278876/buddha%E2%80%99s-last-journey | title=The Buddha's Last Journey | newspaper=Daily News }}</ref>

==Buddhist history==
When the [[Gautama Buddha|Buddha]] reached his eightieth year, he felt that his time in this world was approaching an end. At that time, according to the ''[[Mahāparinibbāṇa Sutta]]'' ([[Sutra|Sutta]] 16 of the ''[[Dīgha Nikāya]]''), he and some of his disciples undertook a months-long journey that would take them from [[Rajgir|Rājagṛha]], through [[Patna|Pāṭaliputta]], [[Vaishali (ancient city)|Vesāli]], [[Kesaria|Bhoganagara]], and Pāvā, to their final destination at [[Kushinagar|Kuśinagara]].<ref name=DN16>{{cite web|title=Mahāparinibbāṇa Sutta (DN 16), translated from the Pali by Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu|work=[[Dīgha Nikāya]] of the [[Pali Canon]]|publisher=dhammatalks.org|year=2022|url=https://www.dhammatalks.org/suttas/DN/DN16.html|accessdate=9 October 2022}}</ref> It was at Pāvā that [[Cunda Kammāraputta|Cunda]], a resident of Pāvā, invited the group to a meal that featured a food called ''sukaramaddava''. This would prove to be the Buddha's last meal, as he was afflicted by a painful illness resembling [[dysentery]] soon after consuming the meal.<ref name=BDEA29>{{cite web|title=The Buddha's Last Meal|work=Life of the Buddha|publisher=Buddha Dharma Education Association|location=Tullera, NSW, Australia|year=2008|url=https://www.buddhanet.net/e-learning/buddhism/lifebuddha/2_29lbud.htm|accessdate=9 October 2022}}</ref> It was on this occasion that the ''Cunda Sutta'' ([[Aṅguttara Nikāya|AN]] 6:46) was preached.<ref name=AN646>{{cite web|title=Cunda Sutta (AN 6:46), translated from the Pali by Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu|work=[[Abhidhamma Piṭaka]] of the [[Pali Canon]]|publisher=dhammatalks.org|year=2022|url=https://www.dhammatalks.org/suttas/AN/AN6_46.html|accessdate=9 October 2022}}</ref> At that time, the Mallas had just completed their new meeting hall. Upon their invitation, the Buddha consecrated it by first occupying it and then preaching in it. After the Buddha had finished speaking, one of his leading disciples, [[Śāriputra]], recited the ''Saṅgīti Sutta'' ([[Dīgha Nikāya|DN]] 33) to the assembled monks. After the meal, the Buddha crossed the Kakkuttha River (now called the Khanua River) and completed his journey to Kushinagar.<ref>D.ii.126 ff.; Ud.viii.5; the road from Pāvā to Kushinagar is mentioned several times in the mss. Vin.ii.284; D.ii.162.</ref> Soon after his arrival in Kushinagar, the Buddha attained ''[[parinirvana]]''. After the Buddha's [[cremation]], the Mallas of Pāvā claimed a share in his relics. A [[Brahmin]] named Drona satisfied their claim, and a [[stupa]] was erected in Pāvā over their share of the relics.<ref>D.ii.167; Bu.xxviii.3</ref>

==Jain history==
Besides being a center of Buddhists, Pāvā was also a center of [[Jainism]]. The ''Pasādika Sutta'' ([[Dīgha Nikāya|DN]] 29) <ref>D.iii.210</ref> records the Buddha at Pāvā at the time [[Mahavira|the leader of the Jains]] attained ''parinirvana'': "Once the Lord was staying among the Sakyans (at Pāvā) ... in the mango-grove belonging to the Vedhanna family (the Samagama). At that time the Nigantha Nātaputta (or Mahāvīra, the leader of the Jains) had just died ... And at his death the Niganthas (Jains) were split into two parties ...".<ref>D.ii.117f; M.ii.243f</ref>

==See also==
*[[List of Monuments of National Importance in Patna circle, Uttar Pradesh]]
*[[Pawapuri]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{Portal|India}}
{{commons category}}
{{ppn|pa/pava.htm|Pava}}
{{suttas|Pava|pasenadi|an/an10/an10.176.than.html Cunda Kammaraputta Sutta - To Cunda the Silversmith|dn/dn.16.1-6.vaji.html#chap4 Section of the Maha-parinibbana Sutta on Buddha's Last Meal}}

{{Buddhism topics}}

[[Category:Ancient Indian cities]]
[[Category:Buddhist sites in Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Buddhist pilgrimage sites in India]]
[[Category:Former populated places in India]]

Bharatpedia:WikiProject Madhya Pradesh

2025-11-22T23:24:59Z

Vilianapcm: Started new data

{{WikiProject status|inactive|parent=India|type=geo|sc1=WP:INMP}}
{{Wikipedia:WikiProject India/Navigation}}

: ''This is the page for'' '''''WikiProject Madhya Pradesh,''''' '' the group dedicated to improving Wikipedia's coverage of Madhya Pradesh State–related articles.''

Some [[Wikipedia:Wikipedians|Wikipedian]]s have formed a [[Wikipedia:WikiProject|project]] to improve organisation and standardised look and feel of articles related to the [[India|Indian]] state of [[Madhya Pradesh]].

If you would like to help, please inquire on the [[{{NAMESPACE}} talk:{{PAGENAME}}|talk page]] and see the [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Madhya Pradesh/to do|to-do list]] there.

==Scope==
The scope of this article fundamentally is loosely defined as all articles and sections relating to [[Madhya Pradesh]]. Almost all of these will be (eventually) categorised under [[:Category:Madhya Pradesh]] and [[:Category:India]]

==Goals==

# Creation of a generally standard look and feel for all Madhya Pradesh-related articles.
# To produce as many [[Wikipedia:Featured articles|Featured Articles]] as possible related to Madhya Pradesh.

==Parentage==
*[[Wikipedia:WikiProject India]]
**[[Wikipedia:WikiProject Indian states]]

==Descendant WikiProjects==
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== Discussion ==
*[[Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Madhya Pradesh]]

==Naming conventions==
*[[Wikipedia:Naming conventions (Indic)]]

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Kaisa Ye Pyar Hai

2025-10-22T13:45:32Z

Vilianapcm:

{{short description|Indian drama television series}}

{{Use Indian English|date=May 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2015}}
{{Infobox television
| image = Kaisayepyar hai 2005 tv series.png
| caption =
| creator = [[Ekta Kapoor]]
| story = {{ubl|Nina Arora|Bobby Bhonsle|Binita Desai}}
| screenplay = {{ubl|[[Damini Kanwal Shetty]]|Bharvi Shah|Sonali Jaffar|Fatima Rangila |Sharad Tripathi |Archita Biswas|Deepti Rawal}}
| director = Jitu Arora<ref name=KYPH/>
| creative_director =
| starring = [[Kaisa Ye Pyar Hai#Cast|See Below]]
| open_theme = "Kaisa Ye Pyar Hai" performed by [[Kunal Ganjawala]] and Priya Bhattacharya
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| num_seasons = 1
| num_episodes = 331<ref name=KYPH>{{cite web |url=http://setsyndication.com/show.php?l=1&c=43&s=61 |title=Kaisa Ye Pyar Hai |publisher=[[Sony Entertainment Television (India)]] |access-date=3 Jun 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150223133324/http://setsyndication.com/show.php?l=1&c=43&s=61 |archive-date=23 February 2015 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
| producer = {{ubl|[[Ekta Kapoor]]|[[Shobha Kapoor]]}}
| editor = {{ubl|Sanjeev Shukla|Dhirendra Singh|Rohan Sawant}}
| cinematography = {{ubl|Deepak Malwankar|Santosh Suryavanshi|Nikhil Sinha}}
| runtime = 24 minutes
| network = [[Sony Entertainment Television]]
| first_aired = {{start date|2005|03|29|df=yes}}
| last_aired = {{end date|2006|10|05|df=yes}}
}}

'''''Kaisa Ye Pyar Hai''''' ({{Translation|''How Is This Love''}}) is an Indian series that aired on [[Sony Entertainment Television]], produced by [[Balaji Telefilms]], starring [[Iqbal Khan (actor)|Iqbal Khan]] as Angad Khanna and [[Neha Bamb]] as Kripa Sharma. The show ended on 5 October 2006.

==Plot==
Angad Khanna is a popular playboy rockstar who takes life as it is. Kripa is a small-town girl from the foothills of Himalayas who comes to Mumbai with big dreams. Circumstances force these two opposites towards each other and hence starts their passionate, often volatile love story.

== Cast ==
* [[Neha Bamb]] as Kripa Sharma / Kripa Prithvi Bose / Kripa Angad Khanna / Tanya
* [[Iqbal Khan (actor)|Iqbal Khan]] as Angad Khanna / Zaib / Rishi Agarwal
* [[Suvarna Jha]] as Mishti Bose / Mishti Mittal
* [[Amit Tandon]] as Prithvi Bose
* [[Hiten Tejwani]] as Nishant Saxena
* [[Gauri Pradhan Tejwani]] as Kanan
* [[Chetan Hansraj]] as Josh
* [[Rohit Bakshi (actor)|Rohit Bakshi]] as Advocate Shabbir Ahluwalia
* [[Jaya Bhattacharya]] as Damini Bose
* Faizan Kidwai as Kartik Khanna
* Ranvijay Razdan as Dilip Khanna
* [[Shilpa Tulaskar]] as Avantika Agarwal
* Sujata Sehgal / [[Sonia Kapoor]] as Naina Khanna
* [[Aashish Kaul]] as Advocate Verma
* [[Gagan Malik]] as Manan
* [[Khushi Dubey]] as Sur Khanna
* Dhruv as Prateek Khanna
* [[Manasi Varma]] / [[Arunima Sharma]] as Aliya
* Preeti Gupta as Anita Manik Bhasin
* [[Ashlesha Sawant]] as Sheetal
* [[Brinda Parekh]] / [[Barkha Bisht]] as Simone
* [[Manasi Parekh]] as Tanya
* [[Dalljiet Kaur]] as Tanaaz "Tanzy"
* Tuhina Vohra as Gayatri Suryabhan Sharma
* Rio Kapadia as Professor Suryabhan Sharma
* [[Maya Alagh]] as Devyani Khanna
* Nitin Arora as Teddy
* [[Amita Nangia]] as Netra
* Shivalika Sharma as Harshini
* [[Alihassan Turabi]] / Anuj Gupta as Advocate Manik Bhasin
* Prabhat Bhattacharya as Advocate Vikram
* Salim Shah as D.K. Saxena
* Rocky Verma as Underworld Shooter
* [[Abhijeet Sawant]] as Himself (Guest Appearance)
* [[Sandeep Acharya]] as Himself (Guest Appearance)
* [[Pallavi Kulkarni]] as Herself (Guest Appearance)
* [[Manini Mishra]] as Host (Guest Appearance)
* [[Anu Malik]] as Himself (Guest Appearance)
* [[Nigaar Khan]] as Herself (Guest Appearance)
* [[Aashka Goradia]] as Kumud (Guest Appearance)
* [[Gurpreet Singh (actor)|Gurpreet Singh]] as Sujal (Guest Appearance)
* [[Manav Gohil]] as Angad's Detective Friend (Guest Appearance)

== Soundtracks ==
{{track listing
| title1 = Kaisa Ye Pyar Hai Title Song
| length1 = 1.37
| title2 = Kaisa Ye Pyar Hai Full Song Sad
| length2 = 10.12
}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title}}

{{SET Shows}}
{{Balaji Telefilms}}

[[Category:Balaji Telefilms television series]]
[[Category:Indian romance television series]]
[[Category:Sony Entertainment Television original programming]]
[[Category:2005 Indian television series debuts]]
[[Category:2006 Indian television series endings]]
[[Category:Indian musical television series]]

Roaduvila

2025-10-19T22:33:34Z

Vilianapcm: Created a entry

{{Short description|Tourism place in Kollam, Kerala}}
{{Multiple issues|
{{Orphan|date=October 2025}}
{{More citations needed|date=September 2010}}
}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2021}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2021}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Roaduvila
| native_name = റോഡുവിള
| native_name_lang = ml
| other_name = Roadvila
| nickname =
| settlement_type = village
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Kerala#India
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Kerala, India
| coordinates = {{coord|8.8883|76.8150|type:edu|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Kerala]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Kollam district|Kollam]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total =
| population_as_of =
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Malayalam language|Malayalam]], [[English language|English]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 691516
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| area_code = +91 474 2xxxxxx
| registration_plate = KL-24-XXXX
| website =
| footnotes =
}}

'''Roaduvila''' (also spelled "Roadvila") <ref name="roaduvila">{{Cite web|title=Roaduvila :: Home|url=https://www.keralatourism.org/routes-locations/roaduvila/id/15048|url-status=|website=www.keralatourism.org}}</ref> is a place located in [[Cheriyavelinallur]], [[Karingannoor]] area of [[Velinalloor]] [[Panchayati raj in India|Panchayat]] village in the [[Kottarakara]] [[tehsil|Taluk]], [[Kollam District]] of [[Kerala]], India. It is situated on the banks of the [[Ithikkara River]]. Post Office of Roaduvila is CHERIYAVELINALLOOR, comes under Pincode 691516. The [[Ayoor]]- [[Ithikkara]] road passes through this place. This place is 7 kilometers from [[Ayoor]] junction, and 28 kilometers from [[Kollam]] railway station.

==Landmarks==
The main centers of public activity in Roaduvila consist of an Engineering college, an architecture college, a Bus stand, a Petrol Pump, a primary health center (PHC), lower and upper primary schools, higher secondary school, a market, a village administrative office, a post office, a temple, Mosques, and Christian churches.

==Education ==
Travancore Engineering College Roaduvila
Government L.P.School Roaduvila
Higher Secondary School, K.P.M, HIGHER SECONDARY SCHOOL, Nizar Rahim and Mark School of Architecture, Kollam

== References ==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{Sister project links|Kollam}}
* {{Wikivoyage inline|Kollam}}
* {{Official website|http://kollam.nic.in/Default.htm}}

{{Kollam |state=expanded}}
{{Kerala}}
{{Kollam district}}
{{Kerala topics}}
{{Million-plus cities in India}}

[[Category:Kollam|Kollam]]
[[Category:Villages in Kollam district]]
[[Category:Tourism in Kerala]]

Assam Hockey

2025-10-04T16:05:23Z

Vilianapcm:

{{notability|date=June 2025}}

'''Assam Hockey''', earlier known as '''Assam Hockey Association''', was founded in 1952. SP Barua and JK Barua took the chairs of president and secretary respectively in the inaugural year. Its office is situated at the Nowgang District Sports Association complex. It is one of the permanent members of the [[Hockey India]]. President of Assam Hockey is Tapan Kumar Das and the General Secretary is Kalyani Deka <ref>https://www.sentinelassam.com/sports-news/local-sports/new-assam-hockey-committee-formed</ref> The main stadium of hockey in Assam is [[Maulana Md. Tayabullah Hockey Stadium]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Maulana Md Tayabullah Hockey Stadium |url=https://www.justdial.com/Guwahati/Maulana-Md-Tayabullah-Hockey-Stadium-Sawkuchi/9999PX361-X361-190729032527-D1Y9_BZDET |website=www.justdial.com}}</ref> in [[Guwahati]].

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Field hockey governing bodies in India|Assam]]
[[Category:Sport in Assam]]

{{India-org-stub}}
{{fieldhockey-stub}}

Old Jail Road, Chennai

2025-09-23T10:46:05Z

Vilianapcm: Created a details!

{{Short description|Street in Chennai, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2018}}
{{Infobox street
|marker_image=
|name= Old Jail Road
|native_name=
|alternate_name= Basin Bridge Road, Ibrahim Sahib Street, North Wall Road
|maint= [[Corporation of Chennai]]
|image=
|caption=
|map=
|length_mi= 1.43
|length_round=
|length_ref=
|length_notes= The total length includes 700 m as Basin Bridge Road, 750 m as Old Jail Road and 850 m as Ibrahim Sahib Street.
|established=
|decommissioned=
|direction_a=East
|terminus_a=[[Rajaji Salai, Chennai|Rajaji Salai]], [[Chennai]]
|junction=
|direction_b=West
|terminus_b=[[GNT Road, Chennai|GNT Road]], Vallalar Nagar, [[Chennai]]
|coordinates= {{coord|13|6|18|N|80|17|4|E|display=inline,title}}
|counties=
|cities=
|system=
}}

'''Old Jail Road''' is one of the peripheral roads that border the historical neighbourhood and commercial centre of [[George Town, Chennai|George Town]] in [[Chennai]], [[India]]. The road marks the northern boundary of the neighbourhood and is officially divided into three, namely, from west to east, the Basin Bridge Road, the Old Jail Road, and the Ibrahim Sahib Street. The road joins the Grand Northern Trunk (GNT) Road at the [[Wall Tax Road, Chennai|Wall Tax Road]]–GNT Road junction in the west and the [[Rajaji Salai, Chennai|Rajaji Salai]] in the east.

The road, serving as a reminder of the neighbourhood's historical past, is address to many historic places such as the [[Stanley Medical College|Government Stanley Medical College]], [[Monegar Choultry]], and [[Seven Wells pumping station]].

==History==
The road got its name from the civil debtors' prison established by the [[British Raj|British]] in 1692.<ref name="Hindu_OldJailRoad_LinkWithThePast"/> The prison was initially housed under a section of a protective wall, known as the old town wall, constructed to the north of the road by [[Paul Benfield]] between 1769 and 1772, marking the northern end of Black Town (the present-day [[George Town, Chennai|George Town]]). Similar to a previous protective stone wall built in the middle of the 17th century, enclosures in the wall served as cells for prisoners. The prison was established near the western end of the wall.<ref name="Hindu_WhatAwaitsTheOldJail"/> The law of the then British Government mandated that the expenses of the prison's inmates, who were primarily money defaulters, be borne by their respective complainants.<ref name="Hindu_OldJailRoad_LinkWithThePast"/> By 1793, Old Jail Road was much improved under Sheriff Edward Atkinson.<ref name="Hindu_WhatAwaitsTheOldJail"/> By the early 1800s, the prison was moved to the location where [[Bharathi College for Women, Chennai|Bharathi Women's College]] stands today, on the corner of [[Broadway, Chennai|Popham's Broadway]].<ref name="Hindu_OldJailRoad_LinkWithThePast"/> In 1804, the jail was named the Civil Jail.<ref name="Hindu_WhatAwaitsTheOldJail"/> With the advent of the [[Central Prison, Chennai|Central prison]] next to the [[Government General Hospital, Chennai|Government General Hospital]] in the middle of the 19th century, the civil debtors' prison became known as the Old Jail and was put to civilian use.<ref name="Hindu_WhatAwaitsTheOldJail"/> After [[Partition of India|Independence]], the Old Jail was vacated and its inmates were moved to the Central Prison.<ref name="Hindu_OldJailRoad_LinkWithThePast"/>

Since then, the facility housed various educational institutions. In 1916, the Madras Trades School was established, which used the buildings on the old jail campus. By 1938, it grew into the School of Technology and in 1946 as Central Polytechnic. Shortly after Independence, under the insistence of [[K. Kamaraj|Kamaraj]], a cottage industries training centre of the [[Indian National Congress|Congress Prachar Sabha]] was started on the campus, sharing the premises with the Polytechnic. In 1955, the printing section of the Polytechnic was converted into the country's first Regional School of Printing. In 1958, the Polytechnic moved to [[Adyar, Chennai|Adyar]], and the Old Jail campus remained the Regional School of Printing, sharing the campus with the cottage industries training centre until the training centre was closed in 1964. Meanwhile, a new women's arts college was established, which too shared the campus with the School of Printing. When the School of Printing moved to Adyar in 1968, the women's college increased its enrolment and occupied the whole of the Old Jail campus. The college was named Bharati Women's College and remains to the present day.<ref name="Hindu_OldJailRoad_LinkWithThePast"/><ref name="Hindu_WhatAwaitsTheOldJail"/>

Water to the [[Fort St. George]] and the expanding city surrounding the fort was supplied by the Seven Wells (known locally as 'Yezhu Kinaru') pumping station located on the road. On a night in 1767, when [[Nawab]] [[Hyder Ali]] of [[Kingdom of Mysore|Mysore]] fought the British in Madras, his troops tried to poison the water source.<ref name="TOI_ChennaiHigh">{{cite news
| last = TNN
| first =
| title = Chennai High: Where history beckons
| location = Chennai
| pages =
| language =
| date = 27 August 2010
| url = https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/Chennai-High-Where-history-beckons/articleshow/6442396.cms
| archive-url = https://archive.today/20130216064603/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2010-08-27/chennai/28292743_1_pillars-fort-st-george-madras
| url-status = live
| archive-date = 16 February 2013
| newspaper = [[The Times of India]]
| access-date = 19 Jan 2013}}</ref> However, the plan was averted by an Anglo-Indian named John Nicolas. In return of gratitude, Nicolas was made the Superintendent of Seven Wells Water Works by the British government when the pumping station started supplying water again from 1772.<ref name="Hindu_OldJailRoad_LinkWithThePast"/> Thus the first organised water supply in Madras began with the Seven Wells Scheme.<ref>{{cite web
| last =
| first =
| author-link =
| title = 1751 A.D. to 1800 A.D.
| work = History of Chennai
| publisher = ChennaiBest.com
| date =
| url = http://www.chennaibest.com/discoverchennai/sightseeing/history/1751.asp
| format =
| doi =
| accessdate = 20 Jan 2013
| archive-date = 6 June 2012
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120606182012/http://www.chennaibest.com/discoverchennai/sightseeing/history/1751.asp
| url-status = dead
}}</ref> In addition to the authority to head the pumping station, Nicolas was given a house, horse and a palanquin. The descendants of the Nicolas family inherited the authority until the end of 1925.<ref name="Hindu_OldJailRoad_LinkWithThePast"/>

In 1781, a great famine struck Madras, which lasted till 1784. The affected people sought asylum in a locality on the Old Jail Road to whom porridge was provided. In 1782, the spot was converted to a choultry for asylum-seekers, chiefly elderly people. The choultry was named the [[Monegar Choultry]] after Maniakkaran, a village headman. Later, the choultry was moved to another location giving way to an infirmary, named the Madras Native Infirmary, established in 1799. Known as the 'Kanji Thotti Hospital' (meaning 'porridge bowl hospital'), the hospital was named [[Stanley Hospital, Chennai|Stanley Hospital]] in 1933, after [[George Frederick Stanley]], the then [[Governor of Madras]]. The choultry still functions as an asylum for elderly people.<ref name="Hindu_OldJailRoad_LinkWithThePast"/>

==The present-day road==
The long stretch of road that was the northern bounds of Black Town, which later came to be known as George Town, is today officially designated as, from west to east, Basin Bridge Road, Old Jail Road and Ebrahim Sahib Street.<ref name="Hindu_WhatAwaitsTheOldJail">{{cite news
| last = Muthiah
| first = S.
| title = What awaits the old jail?
| location = Chennai
| pages =
| language =
| date = 28 November 2005
| url = http://www.hindu.com/mp/2005/11/28/stories/2005112800040500.htm
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140323150843/http://www.hindu.com/mp/2005/11/28/stories/2005112800040500.htm
| url-status = dead
| archive-date = 23 March 2014
| newspaper = [[The Hindu]]
| accessdate = 23 Mar 2014}}</ref> Although the actual road stretches to about 2.3 km from west to east, the name 'Old Jail Road', as identified today, covers only about 750 metres from the [[Mint Clock Tower, Chennai|Mint Clock Tower]] to Bharati Women's College. The streets that radiate from Old Jail Road, including the Portuguese Church Street, Old Jail Lane, Anna Pillai Street, and Peddu Naicken Street, are now home to dense residential and commercial establishments.<ref name="Hindu_OldJailRoad_LinkWithThePast">{{cite news
| last = Peter
| first = Petlee
| title = Old Jail Road, a link with the past
| newspaper = The Hindu
| location = Chennai
| pages =
| language =
| date = 12 May 2012
| url = http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/old-jail-road-a-link-with-the-past/article3404347.ece
| accessdate = 23 Mar 2014}}</ref>

[[File:Osian Heights Towers, Chennai.jpg|thumb|210px|Osian Heights Towers, the tallest building in the neighbourhood, as seen from the Washermanpet railway lines]]

A half-a-century-old timber market functions along the North Wall Road near the Old Jail Road, where some shops deal with wood brought from the [[Andaman Islands]]. The government, however, is planning to shift the market to an alternative location due to [[road expansion]] projects.<ref name="Hindu_OldJailRoad_LinkWithThePast"/> The Marakkadai area got its name from the timber market.<ref>{{cite news
| last =
| first =
| title = Mint flyover alignment set to change
| location = Chennai
| pages =
| language =
| date = 29 August 2009
| url = http://www.hindu.com/2009/08/29/stories/2009082959440300.htm
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090901052201/http://www.hindu.com/2009/08/29/stories/2009082959440300.htm
| url-status = dead
| archive-date = 1 September 2009
| newspaper = [[The Hindu]]
| accessdate = 24 Mar 2014}}</ref>

The place where the Seven Wells (known locally as 'Yezhu Kinaru') pumping station that supplied water to the city including [[Fort St. George]] was located now houses the workshop and stores of the Public Works Department. However, one of the old wells still supplies water to the Fort.<ref name="Hindu_OldJailRoad_LinkWithThePast"/> The road also houses the [[Mint Clock Tower, Chennai|Mint Clock Tower]], one of the four freestanding clock towers in the city, which is located at the Mint Junction.

A flyover was inaugurated in 2014 at the Mint Junction on the Old Jail Road, connecting it with the Basin Bridge Road,<ref>{{cite news
| last = Mathew Philip
| first = Christin
| title = Jayalalithaa to open flyover at Mint junction, subway near Stanley Medical College
| newspaper = The Times of India
| location = Chennai
| pages =
| language =
| publisher = The Times Group
| date = 12 February 2014
| url = http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/Jayalalithaa-to-open-flyover-at-Mint-junction-subway-near-Stanley-Medical-College/articleshow/30268869.cms
| accessdate = 23 Mar 2014}}</ref> where the [[Mint Street, Chennai|Mint Street]] joins the road. The junction witnesses about 100,000 vehicles a day. This is the first intersection in George Town to get a flyover. The four-laned flyover measures 520 metres in length and 15 metres in width and is built at a cost of {{INR}} 230 million.<ref>{{cite news
| last = Mariappan
| first = Julie
| title = Corpn to build flyover at Mint jn
| newspaper = The Times of India
| location = Chennai
| pages =
| language =
| publisher = The Times Group
| date = 8 May 2010
| url = http://epaper.timesofindia.com/Default/Layout/Includes/TOINEW/ArtWin.asp?From=Archive&Source=Page&Skin=TOINEW&BaseHref=TOICH%2F2010%2F05%2F08&ViewMode=HTML&GZ=T&PageLabel=4&EntityId=Ar00401&AppName=1
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140323134844/http://epaper.timesofindia.com/Default/Layout/Includes/TOINEW/ArtWin.asp?From=Archive&Source=Page&Skin=TOINEW&BaseHref=TOICH%2F2010%2F05%2F08&ViewMode=HTML&GZ=T&PageLabel=4&EntityId=Ar00401&AppName=1
| url-status = dead
| archive-date = 23 March 2014
| accessdate = 23 Mar 2014}}</ref>

The western part of the stretch, the Basin Bridge Road, houses the 18-storied Osian Heights, the tallest residential building in George Town.{{citation needed|date=March 2014}}

==See also==
{{Portal|India}}
* [[George Town, Chennai|George Town]]
* [[History of Chennai]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Bibliography==
* {{cite book | title=Madras Discovered| last=Muthiah| first=S.| year=1981| author-link=S. Muthiah| publisher=East West Books (Madras) Pvt Ltd|location=Chennai|page=}}

{{Chennai Topics}}
{{Roads of Chennai}}
{{Transport in Chennai}}

[[Category:Roads in Chennai]]
[[Category:Streets of George Town, Chennai]]

Synagogues in India

2025-09-15T17:04:48Z

Vilianapcm: Started new info

{{Short description|none}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2023}}
{{More citations needed|date=November 2006}}
[[File:Magen David Synagogue 01.JPG|thumb|[[Magen David Synagogue (Kolkata)|Magen David Synagogue]] in [[Kolkata]]]]
[[File:Jewish_communities_of_India.svg|thumb|Map of Jewish communities in India. Greyed out labels indicate ancient or premodern communities]]
There are many '''synagogues in the [[Indian subcontinent]]''', although many no longer function as such and today vary in their levels of preservation. These buildings dating from the mid-sixteenth through the mid-20th century once served the country's three distinct Jewish groups—the ancient [[Cochin Jews]],<ref>Weil, Shalva. 1992 'Cochin Jews' (3(South Asia):71–73), in Paul Hockings (ed.) Encyclopedia of World Cultures, Boston, Mass: G. K. Hall & Co.</ref> and [[Bene Israel]]<ref>Weil, Shalva. 1992 'Bene Israel' (3(South Asia): 27–29) in Paul Hockings (ed.) Encyclopedia of World Cultures, Boston, Mass: G. K. Hall & Co.</ref> communities as well as the more recent [[Baghdadi Jews]].<ref>Weil, Shalva. 2009a India's Jewish Heritage: Ritual, Art and Life-Cycle, Mumbai: Marg Publications [first published in 2002; 3rd edn.].</ref>

The Jews in India had very peaceful existence compared to Middle East and Europe where they were persecuted repeatedly. They built numerous synagogues throughout India and almost all of them exist to current day. Most of Jews in India voluntarily made ''[[Aliyah]]'' after creation of [[Israel]] but a sizable Jewish community remains who use these synagogues actively, the ones not used for praying are now museums of Indian Jewish history.<ref name="Jews of India-Cochin Jews">{{cite web|last1=Meyer|first1=Raphael|title=Jews of India-Cochin Jews|url=http://www.the-south-asian.com/March2001/Jews_%20of_India_Cochin_Jews1.htm|website=The-south-asian}}</ref>

==Origins==
[[File:Interiors in wider view of Magen David Synagogue, Kolkata.jpg|thumb|250px|Interior of [[Magen David Synagogue (Kolkata)|Magen David Synagogue]] of Kolkata]]
The [[History of the Jews in India|Jews of India]] waited centuries to build their first synagogues, praying in temporary structures or private houses. The buildings that were eventually built vary greatly in their scale, style, and visual orientation. Some, particularly those belonging to the Baghdadi Jews based in [[Mumbai]], [[Kolkata]], and [[Pune]], are grand and built in various Western styles using fine materials and elaborate detail. Constructed by the Baghdadi Jewish community who first came from Iraq, Iran, and a handful of other Near Eastern countries and settled in India permanently beginning in the 18th century is a [[Baroque Revival architecture|Neo-Baroque]] synagogue in the Fort section of Mumbai, a [[Renaissance revival]] one in central [[Kolkata]] and, in English tradition, a [[neo-Gothic]] structure in fine condition sitting within an open site in the Camp area of Pune. The largest synagogue in Asia outside Israel is considered to be in [[Pune]] (Ohel David Synagogue).<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.jacobsassoon.org/synagogues.html | title=Synagogues - Sir Jacob Sassoon Synagogues & AlliedTrusts }}</ref>

Found within all Indian synagogues is a central bimah (platform where the religious service is led), a Sephardic Jewish tradition. Other features of Indian synagogues are free-standing wooden benches, a profusion of hanging glass and metal oil lanterns, large shuttered windows with clerestories, a chair for the circumcision ceremony and one for the prophet Elijah, and separate seating areas for men and women.

== Synagogues by type ==
=== Cochin ===
[[File:Jewish synagouge kochi india.jpg|thumb|The [[Paradesi Synagogue]] in [[Kochi, India|Cochin]] has been functioning as active synagogue since 1568]]
[[Kerala]], in far south-western India, has eight remaining buildings. The [[Kochangadi Synagogue]] (1344 A.D. to 1789 A.D.) in [[Kochi]] in the Kerala, built by the [[Cochin Jews|Malabar Jews]], is the oldest in recorded history. It was destroyed by [[Tipu Sultan]] in 1789 A.D. and was never rebuilt. An inscription tablet from this synagogue is the oldest relic from any synagogue in India. Only one, in Cochin's ([[Kochi]]) Jew Town, is a functioning house of prayer. It dates from 1568, although portions of the compound of parts were added later or altered over the years.
Synagogues have rarely conformed to stylistic rules anywhere in the world or, as a building type, been resolved in unique or recognizable terms. Most of the buildings in India are no exception. In contrast are the synagogues built by the Cochin Jews of Kerala, India.<ref>Weil, Shalva. 1984 From Cochin to Israel, Jerusalem: Kumu Berina. (Hebrew)</ref> Influenced by Indian building traditions coupled with the influences of visiting merchants and imperialists over the centuries, the Cochin synagogues constitute wonderful examples of the vernacular "''thachusasthra''" design of Kerala. Until the 16th century and the arrival of the Portuguese in India, roofs of local buildings were often bamboo framed and covered with thatched palm leaves—this technique continues to be prevalent in Kerala's villages even today. The roof system would have been set on mud walls or atop simple masonry walls that were finished in smooth veneers. In time, this construction technique was replaced with wood framed roofs (often teak) covered with flat terracotta tiles together supported by thick laterite stone walls (a local material) veneered in "''chunam''", a polished lime plaster. The local components were thus fused with foreign building techniques introduced by outsiders, namely the Portuguese and later the Dutch.<ref>Weil, Shalva. 2002 'Cochin Jews', in Carol R. Ember, Melvin Ember and Ian Skoggard(eds) Encyclopedia of World Cultures Supplement, New York: Macmillan Reference USA, pp. 78–80.</ref> These influences also impacted synagogue architecture and were combined with the Jewish ritual and liturgical requirements.

Cochin synagogues are unique in the world in that they feature two [[Bema#Judaism|bimah]]s. The primary one can be found within the sanctuary's main level where men have always sat. The second, used during holidays and special events, is found on the gallery level adjacent to the space dedicated for women's seating.{{Citation needed|date=May 2021}}

=== Baghdadi ===
Baghdadi synagogues, some built with the support of the [[Sassoon family]],<ref>Lentin, Samuel Sifra. "The Jewish Presence in Bombay." in (ed) Shalva Weil ''India's Jewish Heritage: Ritual, Art and Life-Cycle'', Mumbai: Marg Publications [first published in 2002; 3rd edn.]. 2009, 36–49.</ref> all have particularly large [[Holy Ark]]s where the [[Sefer Torah]]s are stored. From the Ark's outside, the doors appear to cover a standard-sized cabinet typical to most synagogues around the world. Once the doors are opened in Indian Baghdadi synagogues, however, a sizeable walk-in room is revealed that is ample enough to store as many as one hundred Torahs.<ref>Weil, Shalva. 2011 "Coming of age in Jewish communities in India: the Baghdadis and theBene Israel", in Barbara Vinick and Shulamith Reinharz (eds.) Today I am a Woman: Bat Mitzvah around the World, Indiana University Press, pp. 35</ref>

=== Bene Israel ===
[[Image:Ahmedabad Synagogue.jpg|thumb|200 px|[[Magen Abraham Synagogue]] in Ahmedabad]]
Synagogues used by the Bene Israel Jews who settled in Mumbai, [[Ahmedabad]], and Pune in the very late 18th to early 19th centuries tend to be smaller. Since the Bene Israel Jews were by far the largest of the three groups of Indian Jews, they built the most synagogues.<ref>Weil, Shalva. 1996 'Bene Israel' (1: 350), in Reeva S. Simon, Philip Mattar and RichardW. Bulliet (eds) Encyclopedia of the Modern Middle East, New York: Macmillan.</ref> The first dates from 1796 in Mumbai, although this building, Shaar HaRahamim, was rebuilt in the mid-19th century. The architecture of most Bene Israel synagogues is rarely stylistically pure and hence hard to define or label, although there are examples of buildings built in the 1930s by the Bene Israel<ref>Weil, Shalva. 1997 'Bene Israel', in R.J. Zwi. Werblowsky and Geoffrey Wigoder (edsin chief) The Oxford Dictionary of the Jewish Religion, New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press, p. 113.</ref> communities of Mumbai and Ahmedabad that are pure [[Art Deco]]. A few, particularly those built by the Bene Israel Jews in the coastal [[Konkan]] Region of [[Maharashtra]] during the 19th century, are interesting blendings of colonial influences, vernacular building traditions, and Jewish liturgical requirements. At one time more than a dozen synagogues existed in these small coastal communities where communities of Jews lived, including at Pen, [[Alibag]], [[Panvel]] and [[Mhasala]], but today many are closed or marginally operating due to the much dwindled Jewish population.

== Synagogues by state ==

=== Gujarat ===
[[Magen Abraham Synagogue]] in [[Ahmedabad]] is the only synagogue in [[Gujarat]].<ref>{{cite web |title=World Heritage City Ahmedabad |url=https://heritage.ahmedabadcity.gov.in/placeDeteil.php?id_place=142 |access-date=30 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180915131507/https://heritage.ahmedabadcity.gov.in/placeDeteil.php?id_place=142 |archive-date=Sep 15, 2018 |language=en |url-status=unfit}}</ref>

The current Jewish population of India is likely less than 4,500. The number of Cochin Jews remaining in India is approximately 50, Baghdadi Jews number no more than a few hundred, and the balance are Bene Israel.

=== Kerala ===
{{main|List of synagogues in Kerala}}

==== Chendamangalam and Paravur ====
There were several Jewish communities north of Cochin, and their presence in this area goes back to at least the 11th century. Several synagogues were built over the years, two of which have recently been restored, in the towns of Chennamangalam and Pavur.<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://www.minorsights.com/2016/03/india-minor-synagogues-of-kerala.html|title=Minor Synagogues of Kerala|access-date= 9 April 2016 |publisher=Minor Sights}}</ref>

There was a Jewish presence in Chennamangalam (Chendamangalam) well before the current structure was built. Following a 17th-century plan devised by a local and tolerant leader in the town of [[Chennamangalam]], four religious structures were built: a church, mosque, Hindu temple, and another Cochin synagogue. All still stand today, altogether rebuilt or much altered. By the turn of this century, this synagogue, which sat unused for many years with no Jews to use it, was in dire need of attention. In 2005, the Indian Department of Archaeology with funds mainly from the Department of Tourism restored the small white-washed structure. An international team made up of Professor Jay Waronker of the US, Dr. Shalva Weil of Israel, and Ms. Marian Sofaer of the USA were responsible for the planning of a permanent exhibition in the spaces of the synagogues. These highlight the history and architecture of the Chennamangalam Jewish community and other Cochin Jews. The museum, which opened in February 2006, is open daily, except Sunday.<ref>[http://chensyn.com/info.shtml Information on the Chennamangalam synagogue]</ref>

Similarly, in the nearby town of Pavur (Paravur), the abandoned synagogue was restored and opened as a museum in 2015. The building combines Jewish tradition with Keralan vernacular architecture. In the courtyard there are a commemorative stone dating back to the construction of the current building in 1620.<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://www.minorsights.com/2016/03/india-minor-synagogues-of-kerala.html|title=Minor Synagogues of Kerala|access-date= 9 April 2016 |publisher=Minor Sights}}</ref>

=== Maharashtra ===
[[Image:KnesetEliyahooSynagogue.JPG|thumb|[[Knesset Eliyahoo]] synagogue in Mumbai]]
{{main|List of synagogues in Maharashtra}}
The state of [[Maharashtra]] has ten synagogues, particularly in [[Mumbai]] (previously called Bombay), [[Thane]], and the neighbouring Konkan region. Bombay's oldest synagogue, the [[Gate of Mercy Synagogue]] was built in 1796. Other famous synagogues in Bombay include the [[Magen David Synagogue (Byculla)|Magen David Synagogue]] in [[Byculla]] and the [[Knesset Eliyahoo]] in [[Fort (Mumbai precinct)|Fort]]. [[Ohel David Synagogue]] and Succath Shelomo Synagogue are the two synagogues in [[Pune]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Sohoni |first1=Pushkar |title=The Tale of the two Synagogues |url=https://punemirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/unwind/the-tale-of-the-two-synagogues/articleshow/59599614.cms |access-date=30 March 2020 |publisher=Pune Mirror |date=15 July 2017}}</ref>

=== Tamil Nadu===
[[File:Madras Paradesi Synagogue Seal.jpg|thumb|[[Madras Synagogue]] Seal]]
The [[Madras Synagogue]] is the only synagogue in Tamil Nadu, it was built by [[Jacques (Jaime) de Paiva (Pavia)]] a [[Paradesi Jews|Paradesi Jew]] of [[Madras]]. Madras Synagogue was also known as the '''Esnoga''', or '''Snoge''', ''Esnoga'' is synagogue in [[Judaeo-Spanish|Ladino]], the traditional Judaeo-Spanish language of [[Sephardic Jews]].

[[Jacques (Jaime) de Paiva (Pavia)]] was originally from [[Western Sephardim|Amsterdam Sephardic community]]. [[Jacques (Jaime) de Paiva (Pavia)]] came to [[Madras]] for trading in [[Golconda diamonds]], precious stones and corals, he developed very good relations with the rulers of [[Golkonda]] and maintained trade connections to Europe.

==See also==
{{Stack|{{portal|India|Judaism}}}}
*[[Judaism in India]]
* [[List of synagogues in India]]

==Further reading==
* Weil, Ilana 2009 "The Architecture o fhte Paradesi Cochin Synagogue." in (ed) Shalva Weil's ''India's Jewish Heritage: Ritual, Art and Life-Cycle'', Mumbai: MargPublications [first published in 2002; 3rd edn.].
* Weil, Shalva. 2011 "In an Ancient Land: Trade and synagogues in south India", AsianJewish Life. [http://asianjewishlife.org/pages/articles/winter2010-11/AJL_Feature_InAnAncientLand.html]
* Weil, Shalva. 2009 "Kerala to restore 400-year-old Indian synagogue", The Jerusalem Post.
* Weil, Shalva. 2006 (with Jay Waronker and Marian Sofaer) The Chennamangalam Synagogue: Jewish Community in a Village in Kerala. Kerala:Chennamangalam Synagogue.

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{commons category|Synagogues in India}}
* [http://www.chabad.org/centers/default_cdo/country/India/jewish/Chabad-Lubavitch.htm Chabad-Lubavitch Centers in India]
* [http://www.indjews.com/ Indian Jewish community and their Synagogues in Israel]
* [http://www.bongblogger.com/neveh-shalome-synagogue-kolkata-calcutta/ Neveh Shalome Synagogue - Kolkata]
* [http://www.rangan-datta.info/photo/thumbs.php?gallery=45 Photos of Synagogues in Calcutta]
* [http://www.bongblogger.com/beth-el-synagogue-kolkata-calcutta/ Beth-El Synagogue - Kolkata]
* [http://www.bongblogger.com/magen-david-synagogue-kolkata-calcutta/ Magen David Synagogue - Kolkata]

{{Synagogues in India}}

[[Category:Synagogues in India| ]]

Paluvettaraiyar

2025-09-08T07:57:19Z

Vilianapcm: correct section also and improved wording

{{Short description|Feudatories in the Chola dynasty}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2020}}
{{Royal house
| name = Pazhuvettaraiyar
| type = Feudatory rulers
| country = [[Chola Empire]]
| founded =
| founder =
| dissolution =
| final_ruler =
| titles =
| cadet_branches =
}}
[[File:Twin Temples, Keezhaiyur.jpg|thumb|[[Twin Temples, Keezhaiyur]]]]
The '''Pazhuvettaraiyar''' were one of the feudatories of the medieval [[Chola|Cholas]] in southern India. They ruled over the regions of Kizha-Pazhuvur, Mela-Pazhuvur and Keezhaiyur in the [[Ariyalur taluk]] of the [[Ariyalur district]] in present-day [[Tamil Nadu]].<ref name="heritage" />

They contributed significantly to the local temples through various benefactions and were known to have been related to the imperial Cholas by marriage.<ref name="heritage">{{cite book |title=The Heritage of Indian Art Series |author=Bhulabhai Memorial Institute, Bombay |publisher=N.M. Tripathi Private., 1963 |page=29}}</ref>
== Origins ==
[[File:ASI Information Board, Twin Temples, Keezhaiyur.jpg|thumb|ASI Information Board, Twin Temples, Keezhaiyur.]]
[[File:Paluvettaraiyar.JPG|thumb|Pazhuvettaraiyar temple in Mela-Pazhuvur, Ariyalur.]]

According to the Anbil Plates of [[Sundara Chola]], his paternal grandmother—the queen of [[Parantaka I]] and the mother of [[Arinjaya Chola|Arinjaya]]—was a member of the Pazhuvettaraiyar family.<ref name=":0">{{cite book|title=The early Chōḷas history, art, and culture|author=S. Swaminathan|publisher=Sharada Pub. House, 1998|page=78}}</ref> She is described as the daughter of a "Chera mandala" prince called "Pazhuvettaraiyar". This suggests that the Pazhuvettaraiyar were of Chera or Kerala origin.<ref name="heritage" />

However, it is unclear whether they already possessed the regions of Kizha-Pazhuvur, Mela-Pazhuvur, and Keezhaiyur or if these dominions were granted to them after their alliance with the [[Chola|Cholas]].<ref name="heritage" />
==Epigraphical records==
About a dozen inscriptional records related to the Pazhuvettaraiyar family have been found. According to these inscriptions, copied at Kizha-Pazhuvur and Mela-Pazhuvur in Tiruchirapalli district, the Pazhuvettaraiyar was a Chera or Kerala prince.

According to the Anbil Plates of [[Sundara Chola]], the queen of [[Parantaka I]] (and the mother of [[Arinjaya Chola|Arinjaya]]) was a member of the Pazhuvettaraiyar family.<ref name=":0" /> She is described as the daughter of a "Chera mandala" prince called "Pazhuvettaraiyar".<ref name="heritage" /> A record dated to the 12th regnal year of the Chola ruler [[Parantaka I]] (A.R. No. 231 of 1926) states that certain Pazhuvettaraiyar named Kandan Amudanar fought a victorious battle at Vellur on behalf of his Chola overlord against the forces of the Pandya king and his Ceylonese ally, in which the Pandya ruler lost his life. To commemorate this victory, the Chola commander Nakkan Sattan of Paradur made a gift of a perpetual lamp to the temple of Tiruvalandurai-Mahadeva at Siru-Pazhuvur. It is likely that this "Kandan Amudanar" is the same individual mentioned in the Anbil Plates of [[Sundara Chola]] as the Kerala prince whose daughter married Parantaka I and became the mother of prince [[Arinjaya Chola|Arinjaya]]. The term "Kerala prince" probably indicates that he was a relative of the Chera or Kerala king.<ref>{{cite web |title=South Indian Inscriptions Volume 13 |url=http://www.whatisindia.com/inscriptions/south_indian_inscriptions/volume_13/introduction_1.html |access-date=2008-11-09 |publisher=Archaeological Survey of India}}</ref>

Other notable chiefs from the Pazhuvettaraiyar family include Kumaran Maravan and Kumaran Kandan.<ref>{{cite book |title=History of People and Their Environs: Essays in Honour of Prof. B.S. Chandrababu |publisher=Bharathi Puthakalayam, 2011 - Tamil Nadu (India) - 767 pages |page=142}}</ref> They are credited with building the [[Twin_Temples,_Keezhaiyur|Twin Temples of Keezhaiyur]].<ref>{{cite news |last=Balaganessin |first=M. |date=21 July 2015 |title=9th century twin temples of Keezhaiyur all set for facelift |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/9th-century-twin-temples-of-keezhaiyur-all-set-for-facelift/article7446286.ece |access-date=1 August 2020 |newspaper=The Hindu}}</ref>

It is also recorded that the Pazhuvettaraiyar regiment was a military division involved in the Chola invasion of [[Sri Lanka]] in the 10th century.<ref>Studies in Indian epigraphy, Volumes 26–27</ref>{{Page needed|date=May 2016}}<ref>Historical perspectives of warfare in India: some morale and matérial determinants By Sri Nandan Prasad, Centre for Studies in Civilizations (Delhi, India) p.193</ref>{{Page needed|date=May 2016}}
== References ==
{{reflist}}
== See also ==
*[[Chola]]
{{DEFAULTSORT:Paluvettaraiyar}}
[[Category:People from Tiruchirappalli district]]

Sumli River

2025-08-04T09:32:46Z

Vilianapcm: Started a location...

{{Short description|River in India and Bangladesh}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2018}}

'''Sumli''' is a [[trans-boundary river]] of Asia which flows through [[India]] and [[Bangladesh]]. It originating from the '''Damra Hills''' of [[Boromura]] hill range in the [[India]]n state of [[Tripura]]. It flows through the villages of Boiragi, Chakhuma, Yacharai, [[Kutna, India|Kutna Kami]] and the town of [[Uatlok Twithu|Borokathal]]. The '''Sumli''' continues into Bangladesh, its name changing to the Sonai.

It has been the source of water for agricultural farming in the Sumli Valley and has been a small source of fishing for the local peoples.

Every year devotees perform the Chhath Puja at various places including on the banks of the river at Salpur Kakraha Ghat in Suratganj area.<ref>{{Cite web | title=Devotees gathered at the banks of the Sumli river in Suratganj; VIDEO {{!}} सूरतगंज में सुमली नदी के घाट पर जुटे भक्त; VIDEO: व्रती महिलाओं ने भगवान भास्कर को दिया अर्घ, दिखा अद्भुत नजारा - Suratganj (Fatehpur) News {{!}} Dainik Bhaskar | url=https://www.bhaskar.com/local/uttar-pradesh/barabanki/suratganj/news/devotees-gathered-at-the-banks-of-the-sumli-river-in-suratganj-video-133922117.html | access-date=2025-08-01 | website=www.bhaskar.com}}</ref> In recent years, there were many incidents of people who go for bath, drowning in the river.<ref>{{Cite web |title=यूपी के बाराबंकी में सुमली नदी में पलटी नाव, 3 बच्चों की मौत; 2 दर्जन से ज्यादा लोग थे सवार |url=https://www.india.com/hindi-news/uttar-pradesh/breaking-news-boat-capsize-in-barabanki-sumli-river-three-dead-many-missing-5731667/ |access-date=2025-06-14 |website=www.india.com |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.livehindustan.com/uttar-pradesh/barabanki/story-tragic-drowning-incident-body-of-20-year-old-worker-recovered-from-sumli-river-after-24-hours-201748114744005.html|title=एसडीआरएफ की टीम ने बरामद किया शव|date=25 May 2025|website=www.livehindustan.com}}</ref>

In 2019, the Tripura Urban Planning and Development Authority (TUDA) released funds to take up development work including the repair the river banks in the Mohanpur planning area.<ref>{{Cite web | title=One moment, please... | url=https://tuda.tripura.ind.in/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/Notification-regarding-Planning-Area-under-TUDA.pdf | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240224085643/https://tuda.tripura.ind.in/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/Notification-regarding-Planning-Area-under-TUDA.pdf | access-date=2025-08-01 | archive-date=2024-02-24}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[Tripuri people]]

== References ==
<references />{{coord|23.9282|91.4711|display=title}}

[[Category:Rivers of Tripura]]

{{Tripura-geo-stub}}
{{India-river-stub}}

Renault Nissan Automotive India

2025-07-24T16:06:27Z

Vilianapcm: reworked citations per standard format and corrected details

{{Short description|Automobile manufacturer}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2018}}{{Infobox company
| name = Renault Nissan Automotive India Private Limited
| logo =
| logo_size = 250px
| type = [[Joint venture]]
| industry = [[Automotive]]
| foundation = May 2010<ref>{{cite web |url=http://sterlingandwilson.com/offerings/electrical/featured-projects/renault-nissan-automotive-india-pvt-ltd/ |title=Renault Nissan Oragadam, Tamilnadu | Sterling and Wilson |website=sterlingandwilson.com |access-date=14 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160831195408/http://sterlingandwilson.com/offerings/electrical/featured-projects/renault-nissan-automotive-india-pvt-ltd/ |archive-date=31 August 2016 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
| founder =
| location = [[Chennai]], [[Tamil Nadu]], [[India]]
| key_people = Mr.Keerthi Prakash, [[Managing Director|MD]] & [[Chief Executive Officer|CEO]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nissan.in/en/web/news/news_9781.htm |title=Nissan – News |publisher=Nissan.in |access-date=2010-08-02 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100801085318/http://www.nissan.in/en/web/news/news_9781.htm |archive-date=2010-08-01 }}</ref>
| products = [[Automobiles]]
| services =
| revenue =
| net_income =
| parent = [[Renault]] and [[Nissan]]
| slogan =
| homepage = [http://www.nissan.in www.nissan.in] [http://www.renault.co.in www.renault.co.in]
[https://rntbci.in/ rntbci.in]
}}
'''Renault Nissan Automotive India Private Limited''' is the Indian joint venture of [[Renault]] and [[Nissan]] and part of the [[Renault–Nissan–Mitsubishi Alliance]].

==History==
Renault Nissan Automotive India Private Limited was established in 2005.

{{main article|Renault India Private Limited}}
{{main article|Nissan Motor India}}

==Manufacturing facilities==
Renault Nissan Automotive India Private Limited have their manufacturing plant in [[Oragadam]] near [[Chennai]]. The plant has a capacity of 480,000 vehicles per annum. The capacity is divided equally between ''[[Renault India Private Limited]]'' and ''[[Nissan Motor India]]''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.renault.co.in/contact-us/book-a-test-drive.html|title=Book a test drive: select your model - Renault|website=www.renault.co.in}}</ref>
Renault is constructing a small car powered by an 800cc engine, to compete with Maruti Suzuki's Alto, Hyundai India's Eon and Chevrolet's Spark, in the segment, that makes up for about 40–45% of India's car market. RNAIPL has achieved production target of 5,00,000 lakhs vehicle in the month of October 2013 in the short span of 40 months after start of production.<ref>{{Cite web |date=July 14, 2022 |title=CII Learning Mission to Hyundai Motor India Limited and Renault Nissan Automotive India Private Limited Chennai |url=https://cam.mycii.in/OR/EventDetailOR.html?id=E000058879 |access-date=November 9, 2024 |website=cam.mycii.in}}</ref>
RNAIPL is one of the most profitable company which adopts Japanese manufacturing policy of Genba Kanri.{{citation needed|reason=info not on cited page|date=August 2015}} The company works on the style of maximum productivity with minimum resources. But, in due course this manufacturing strategy sometimes frustrates its employees. The small car is likely to be rolled out from the Renault Nissan Alliance plant in Chennai and to hit the market in 2014–15.<ref>{{cite news| url= http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/news-by-industry/auto/automobiles/renault-constructing-800cc-small-car-to-take-on-maruti-hyundai-and-others/articleshow/15301785.cms|title= Renault constructing 800cc small car to take on Maruti, Hyundai and others| date= 2 August 2012}}</ref>

In August 2015, RNAIPL put on hold its plans invest ₹5,000 Cr. in India due to non-payment of Investment Promotion Subsidies (IPS) promised by Tamil Nadu. The company claimed that it yet to receive a refund of ₹1,901 Cr and ₹ 822 Cr for IPS and input VAT respectively.<ref>{{cite news| url= http://www.hindustantimes.com/business-news/renault-nissan-puts-on-hold-rs-5-000-cr-india-plan/article1-1385302.aspx| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20150829192209/http://www.hindustantimes.com/business-news/renault-nissan-puts-on-hold-rs-5-000-cr-india-plan/article1-1385302.aspx| url-status= dead| archive-date= 29 August 2015|title= Renault-Nissan puts on hold Rs 5,000 cr India plan| date= 29 August 2015}}</ref>

==Technical Center==
Renault Nissan Technology Business Center India (RNTBCI) located at [[Mahindra World City]], in Chengalpattu, Chennai is one of Nissan and Renault's Global Technical and Development Center. This unit is engaged in shared product development services for Renault and Nissan entities worldwide.

==Models==
=== Renault ===
==== Current Models ====
{{transcluded section|source=Renault India Private Limited}}
{{trim|{{#Section-h:Renault India Private Limited|Current Models}}}}

==== Discontinued Models ====
{{transcluded section|source=Renault India Private Limited}}
{{trim|{{#Section-h:Renault India Private Limited|Discontinued Models}}}}

=== Nissan ===
==== Current models ====
{{transcluded section|source=Nissan Motor India}}
{{trim|{{#Section-h:Nissan Motor India|Current models}}}}

==== Discontinued models ====
{{transcluded section|source=Nissan Motor India}}
{{trim|{{#Section-h:Nissan Motor India|Nissan|Discontinued models}}}}

===Datsun===
==== Discontinued models ====
{{transcluded section|source=Nissan Motor India}}
{{trim|{{#Section-h:Nissan Motor India|Datsun|Discontinued models}}}}

==Sales and service network==

===RIPL===
As of 2015, [[Renault India Private Limited|Renault India]] has 224 outlets in India.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.renault.co.in/find-a-dealer.html|title=Find A Dealer – Renault India|work=Renault}}</ref>

===NMIPL===
As of September 2015, [[Nissan Motor India Private Limited|Nissan Motor India]] has 201 dealerships across 148 cities in India.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nissan.in/find-a-dealer.html|title=Find a Dealer – Nissan India|work=Nissan}}</ref>

== See also ==
*[[Nissan Motor Company]]
*[[Renault|Renault S.A.]]
*[[Mahindra Renault Limited]]
*[[Automobile industry in India]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{Official website|http://www.nissan.in}}

{{Cars in India}}
{{Renault}}
{{Nissan}}
{{Automotive industry in India}}

[[Category:Car manufacturers of India]]
[[Category:Motor vehicle manufacturers based in Chennai]]
[[Category:Vehicle manufacturing companies established in 2010]]
[[Category:Indian subsidiaries of foreign companies]]
[[Category:2010 establishments in Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Indian companies established in 2010]]

Raghunathan

2025-04-10T06:14:19Z

Vilianapcm: Created new info

'''Raghunathan''' is a South Asian surname and patronymic. It is also variously spelled as '''Ragunathan'''. People with the name include:

* [[K. Raghunathan]] (born 1957), journalist and writer from India
* [[Madabusi Santanam Raghunathan]] FRS (born 1941), mathematician from India
* [[Mahaveer Raghunathan]] (born 1998), racecar driver from India
* [[Medha Raghunathan]] (born 1981), model and VJ from India

* [[Sudha Ragunathan]] (born 1957; née Venkatraman), Carnatic musician from India

* [[T. M. Chidambara Ragunathan]] (1923–2001), journalist and writer from India
* [[Viswanathan Raghunathan]] (born 1954), businessman, writer, academic, from India

==See also==
* Appiah Balakrishnan, alias Ragunathan (died 1993), [[Assassination of Lalith Athulathmudali|Sri Lankan assassin of Lalith Athulathmudali]]
* [[Ragunathan Rajkumar]] (born 1963), American computer engineering academic from India
* [[Raghunathan Srianand]] (born 1969), astronomer from India
* [[Raghunatha]], a given name
* [[Raghunath (disambiguation)]]

{{surname}}

Dnyanada Ramtirthkar

2025-03-07T10:42:10Z

Vilianapcm:

{{Short description|Indian actress (born 1996)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2023}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Dnyanada Ramtirthkar
| image =
| imagesize =
| caption =
| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1996|06|26|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Sangli]], [[Maharashtra]], India
| years_active = 2016-present
| spouse =
| partner =
| known_for = ''[[Thipkyanchi Rangoli]]''
| alma_mater =
| occupation = Actress
}}

'''Dnyanada Ramtirthkar''' (born 26 June 1996) is an Indian television<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bytesofindia.com/newsdetails?NewsId=5543072291573610365&title=Dnyanda%20Ramtirthkar%20In%20%27Shatada%20Prem%20Karave%27&SectionId=4907615851820584522&SectionName=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B8%20%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%9C&TagName=%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BE%20%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AE%20%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%87&NewsTagId=5490739363959688852&BM=False&FW=False&ITG=False|title='शतदा प्रेम करावे'मध्ये ज्ञानदा...|date= 18 April 2018|publisher=bytesofindia.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.mumbailive.com/mr/entertainment/dnyanada-ramtirthakar-replace-sneha-shah-in-marathi-serial-shatada-prem-karave-22634|title='शतदा प्रेम करावे' मध्ये सायलीच्या भूमिकेत 'ही' अभिनेत्री|date= 1 April 2018|publisher=mumbailive.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.navarashtra.com/entertainment-news-marathi/tu-ethe-javali-raha-music-video-yashoman-aapte-and-dnyanda-ramtirthikar-nrst-94832/|title='तू इथे जवळी राहा' म्युझिक व्हिडिओत यशोमान आपटे, ज्ञानदा रामतीर्थरकरची जोडी!|date= 26 February 2021|publisher=navarashtra.com}}</ref> and film actress. She made her television debut with ''[[Sakhya Re]]'' (2017), and her debut in film with ''Dhurala'' (2020). In 2021, she portrayed a role of "Apoorva" in [[Star Pravah]]'s ''[[Thipkyanchi Rangoli]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.loksatta.com/manoranjan-news/suyash-tilak-rohini-hattangadis-new-serial-sakhya-re-on-colors-marathi-1369131/|title=मोरपंखी प्रेमकहाणीला रहस्याची किनार 'सख्या रे'|date= 24 December 2016|publisher=loksatta.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://divyamarathi.bhaskar.com/news/BOL-MB-HDLN-dnyanada-ramtirthkar-entry-in-shatada-prem-karave-5850505-PHO.html|title=\'शतदा प्रेम करावे\'ला स्नेहा शहाचा रामराम, सायलीच्या भूमिकेत आता झळकणार ही अॅक्ट्रेस|date= 12 April 2018|publisher=divyamarathi.bhaskar.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://maharashtratimes.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/what-are-those-neighbors-doing/articleshow/75669276.cms|title=काय करताहेत 'ते शेजारी'?|date= 12 May 2020|publisher=Maharashtratimes.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/entertainment/regional/marathi/dnyanada-ramtirthkar-working-in-different-language-is-certainly-a-very-special-feeling/videoshow/78986384.cms?from=mdr|title=Dnyanada Ramtirthkar: Working in different language is certainly a very special feeling|date= 1 November 2020|publisher=timesofindia.indiatimes.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/entertainment/regional/marathi/dnyanada-ramtirthkar-i-just-hope-that-2021-is-pandemic-free/videoshow/80074345.cms?from=mdr|title=Dnyanada Ramtirthkar : I just hope that 2021 is pandemic free|date= 2 January 2021|publisher=timesofindia.indiatimes.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/life-style/spotlight/dnyanada-ramtirthkar-goes-back-to-college/articleshow/64970596.cms|title=Dnyanada Ramtirthkar goes back to college|date= 13 January 2018|publisher=timesofindia.indiatimes.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/entertainment/regional/marathi/dnyanada-ramtirthkar-if-and-when-you-are-in-love-every-day-is-v-day/videoshow/80921344.cms?from=mdr|title=Dnyanada Ramtirthkar: If and when you are in love, every day is V-day|date= 15 February 2021|publisher=timesofindia.indiatimes.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/i-have-bagged-my-first-hindi-tv-show-but-wont-quit-the-marathi-industry-dnyanada-ramtirthkar/articleshow/81173897.cms|title=I have bagged my first Hindi TV show but won't quit the Marathi industry: Dnyanada Ramtirthkar|date= 23 February 2021|publisher=timesofindia.indiatimes.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movies/news/dnyanada-ramtirthkar-starts-working-for-her-first-telugu-movie/articleshow/78465768.cms?from=mdr|title=Dnyanada Ramtirthkar starts working for her first Telugu movie|date= 3 October 2020|publisher=timesofindia.indiatimes.com}}</ref>

== Early life ==
Ramtirthkar was born in [[Vita, Maharashtra|Vita]], [[Sangli]]. However, she currently lives in [[Pune]] and [[Mumbai]].
She completed her secondary education in Pune from P.E.S. Modern Girls High School.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.lokmat.com/marathi-cinema/yashoman-apte-and-dnyanada-ramtirthkar-met-fresh-couple-tu-ithe-jawali-raha-a603/|title=यशोमन आपटे आणि ज्ञानदा रामतीर्थकर फ्रेश जोडी 'तू इथे जवळी राहा'मधून भेटीला|date= 26 February 2021|publisher=lokmat.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.esakal.com/womens-corner/article-dnyanada-ramtirthkar-mother-288169|title=मेमॉयर्स : आई म्हणजे माझी सकारात्मक ऊर्जा|date= 3 May 2020|publisher=esakal.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.esakal.com/ganesh-festival-pune/ganeshotsav-2019-celebration-celebrity-dnyanada-ramtirthkar-214250|title= ज्ञानदाच्या घरी बाप्पा अन्‌ गौरी...|date= 9 September 2019|publisher=esakal.com}}</ref> For higher studies, she attended Marathwada Mitramandal College of Commerce, where she studied Commerce.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movies/news/dil-dosti-duniyadari-akshay-tanksale-shares-a-bts-picture-from-the-set-of-his-next/articleshow/78700396.cms?from=mdr|title='Dil Dosti Duniyadari': Akshay Tanksale shares a BTS picture from the set of his next|date= 16 October 2020|publisher=timesofindia.indiatimes.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.lokmat.com/marathi-cinema/dnyanada-ramtirthkar-share-her-saree-photo-social-media-gda/|title=या मराठी अभिनेत्रीचे सौंदर्य पाहून फेन्स झाले फिदा म्हणाले, "नादखुळा"|date=2 May 2020|publisher=lokmat.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.lokmat.com/photos/television/see-actress-dnyanada-ramtirthkar-hot-photo-gda/|title=या मराठी अभिनेत्रीच्या Hot फोटो बघून बसेल तुम्हाला 440 व्होल्टचा झटका!|date= 29 May 2020|publisher=lokmat.com}}</ref>

==Filmography==

===Television ===
{| class="wikitable"
!Year
!Show
!Role
!Channel
!Ref.
|-
|2017
|''[[Sakhya Re]]''
|Vaidehi
|[[Colors Marathi]]
|
|-
|2017
|''Zindagi Not Out''
|Sneha
|[[Zee Yuva]]
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.zee5.com/tvshows/details/zindagi-not-out/0-6-635/zindagi-not-out-episode-1-august-7-2017-full-episode/0-1-119495|title=Episode 1 - August 7, 2017 - Full Episode on ZEE5 App|website=zee5.com.com}}</ref>
|-
|2018
|''Shatada Prem Karave''
|Sayali
|[[Star Pravah]]
|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movies/news/dnyanada-ramtirthkar-thanks-fan-with-a-special-picture/articleshow/74974581.cms?from=mdr|title=Dnyanada Ramtirthkar thanks fans with a special picture!|date= 3 April 2020|publisher=timesofindia.indiatimes.com}}</ref>
|-
|2019
|''Year Down''
|Sanyukta
|[[Sony Marathi]]
|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.iwmbuzz.com/television/news/dnyanada-ramtirthkar-enter-star-plus-shaadi-mubarak/2021/02/15|title=Dnyanada Ramtirthkar to enter Star Plus' Shaadi Mubarak|date= 15 February 2021|publisher=iwmbuzz.com}}</ref>
|-
|2021
|''[[Shaadi Mubarak]]''
|Purti
|[[StarPlus]]
|
|-
|2021-2023
|''[[Thipkyanchi Rangoli]]''
| Apoorva "Appu" Vartak Kanitkar
| rowspan="2" |[[Star Pravah]]
|
|-
|2022
|''[[Aata Hou De Dhingana]]''
|Contestant
|
|
|-
|2024-present
|''Lagnanantar Hoilach Prem''
|Kavya Mohite / Kavya Parth Deshmukh
|[[Star Pravah]]
|
|}

===Feature films===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Year !! Title !! Language !! Role !!class="unsortable" | {{Tooltip|Ref(s)|Reference(s)}}
|-
|2020|| ''[[Dhurala]]'' ||[[Marathi language|Marathi]]|| Divya Babar ||<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt11318044/|title=Dhurala|website=imdb}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.zee5.com/movies/details/dhurala/0-0-253256|title=Dhurala|website=zee5.com.com}}</ref>
|-
|2021|| ''Dil Dosti Duniyadari'' ||[[Marathi language|Marathi]]|| Anjana ||<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movies/news/dil-dosti-duniyadari-to-chandramukhi-marathi-movies-that-went-on-floor-post-lockdown/photostory/79151503.cms|title=Dil Dosti Duniyadari To Chandramukhi: Marathi Movies That Went On Floor Post Lockdown|date= 10 November 2020|publisher=timesofindia.indiatimes.com}}</ref>
|-
|2021|| ''D3: Dosti Dil Dhokha'' ||[[Telugu language]]|| Anjana ||<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.insidethemovie.com/dnyanada-ramtirthkar-to-make-debut-in-tollywood/|title=Actress Dnyanada Ramtirthkar Ready To Make Debut In Tollywood|date= 7 October 2020|publisher=insidethemovie.com}}</ref>
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==

* {{IMDb name|nm8696733}}
* [https://www.celebcouch.com/product-page/dnyanada/ Dnyanada Ramtirthkar on Celebcouch]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ramtirthkar, Dnyanada}}
[[Category:1996 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Actresses from Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Indian soap opera actresses]]
[[Category:Indian television actresses]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian actresses]]
[[Category:Actresses in Marathi television]]

AJ Kanwar

2025-03-04T10:14:33Z

Vilianapcm: formatting fix

{{Short description|Indian dermatologist}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2018}}
[[File:Dr AJ Kanwar speaking at Dubai Derma 2016.jpg|thumb]]
'''Dr AJ Kanwar''' (born 29 June 1948) is an Indian Dermatologist. He has been Senior Professor and Head, Department of [[Dermatology]], [[Venereology]] & [[Leprology]], [[Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research|PGI Chandigarh]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/chandigarh/five-hods-to-say-good-bye-to-pgi-this-year/story-OeNYOnTnSyXwF22dhwIONI.html|title=Five HoDs to say good bye to PGI this year|date=2 January 2014|access-date=3 July 2016}}</ref> and currently practices in his hometown, [[New Delhi]], India. Dr AJ Kanwar is the son of Late Shri Inder Singh and Smt Shanti Devi and was born on 29 June 1948. He attended school in New Delhi and graduated from the prestigious [[AIIMS, New Delhi]] in MBBS in 1969. He continued in AIIMS, New Delhi to obtain his post graduate degree (M.D.) in Dermatology and Venereology in 1975. After his senior residency in AIIMS, Dr Kanwar went on a foreign assignment in [[Benghazi]], [[Libya]]. He also served a year in St John's Institute of Dermatology, London during a Commonwealth Medical Fellowship. He received a special training in Pediatric Dermatology during this year. To his credit are also time in National Institute of Health, Washington USA in 2006 for a Fellowship in AIDS, and a month in Kurume, Japan in 2010 for special training in Pemphigus. Dr Kanwar's foreign assignment in Libya, ended in 1987 when he returned to join PGI Chandigarh.

In 2020, based on an independent study done by scientists at Stanford University, he was ranked amongst the top 2% Indian Scientists.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |title=World Rankings: 10 PGIMER doctors rank among top scientists |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/chandigarh/world-rankings-10-pgimer-doctors-rank-among-top-scientists/story-5IHV1GnTzFJCLHPARfoj2O.html |access-date=2022-03-15 |website=Hindustan Times|date=2 November 2020 }}</ref><ref name=":5">{{Cite web|title=world ranking of scientist (2%).xlsx|url=https://drive.google.com/file/d/1bUJrvurVVBbxSl9eFZRSHFif7tt30-5U/view?usp=embed_facebook|access-date=2020-11-02|website=Google Docs}}</ref><ref name=":6">{{Cite web|title=World Ranking of top 2% Indian scientist - Google Drive|url=https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1mMonq947bS3KcMhsDpf_5z3H46My2t1k_7B3McozA68/htmlview|access-date=2020-11-02|website=docs.google.com}}</ref> He was awarded [[Dr. B. C. Roy Award|Dr B.C. Roy National award]], one of the highest recognition given in the field of medicine, by the [[President of India]], on 1 July at the [[Rastrapati Bhawan]].<ref name=confers>{{Cite news|url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ians/president-confers-b-c-roy-awards-116070100739_1.html|title=President confers B.C. Roy awards|last=IANS|access-date=3 July 2016|newspaper=Business Standard India|date=July 2016}}</ref> The [[Medical Council of India|Indian Medical Council]] gave him the Lala Ram Chand Kandhari Award to him, in 2010 for his outstanding work in Vitiligo.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /> He was also the first in India to report efficacy of Rituximab for treatment of Pemphigus<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Kanwar|first1=A.j.|last2=Tsuruta|first2=D.|last3=Vinay|first3=K.|last4=Koga|first4=H.|last5=Ishii|first5=N.|last6=Dainichi|first6=T.|last7=Hashimoto|first7=T.|date=1 January 2013|title=Efficacy and safety of rituximab treatment in Indian pemphigus patients|journal=Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology|language=en|volume=27|issue=1|pages=e17–e23|doi=10.1111/j.1468-3083.2011.04391.x|issn=1468-3083|pmid=22176540|s2cid=11881103}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Kanwar|first1=Amrinder J.|last2=Sawatkar|first2=Gitesh U.|last3=Vinay|first3=Keshavamurthy|last4=Hashimoto|first4=Takashi|date=1 October 2012|title=Childhood pemphigus vulgaris successfully treated with rituximab|journal=Indian Journal of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology|volume=78|issue=5|pages=632–634|doi=10.4103/0378-6323.100587|issn=0973-3922|pmid=22960821|doi-access=free}}</ref> He was selected as a fellow of [[National Academy of Medical Sciences]] (FAMS) in 2008 and as a Fellow of [[Royal College of Physicians]] (FRCP) London in 2011.

He has more than 592 publications to his credit, in national and international Textbooks and Journals. In 2011, he was credited as first in India to report efficacy and safety of Rituximab for treatment of Pemphigus.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Kanwar|first1=A. J.|last2=Tsuruta|first2=D.|last3=Vinay|first3=K.|last4=Koga|first4=H.|last5=Ishii|first5=N.|last6=Dainichi|first6=T.|last7=Hashimoto|first7=T.|date=1 January 2013|title=Efficacy and safety of rituximab treatment in Indian pemphigus patients|journal=Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology |volume=27|issue=1|pages=e17–23|doi=10.1111/j.1468-3083.2011.04391.x|issn=1468-3083|pmid=22176540|s2cid=11881103}}</ref> He is co-author of Textbook of Surgical Management of Vitiligo published by Blackwell<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://as.wiley.com/WileyCDA/WileyTitle/productCd-1405145218.html|title=Blackwell Book Co-Authored by Dr AJ Kanwar|website=|access-date=}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|last=Dr K K Aggarwal|title=Dr A J Kanwar on receiving Dr BC Roy National Award|date=19 July 2016|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_8yDSL-l-l0|accessdate=29 July 2016}}</ref>

==Awards and recognition==
* Ranked top 2% Indian Scientist in the world based on a 2020 Independent study done by Stanford University scientists.<ref name=":4" />
*Awarded [[Dr. B. C. Roy Award]] (2010) for Eminent Medical Teacher in the field of Dermatology<ref name="confers" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://medicaldialogues.in/25-doctors-conferred-dr-bc-roy-award-by-president-on-doctors-day/|title=25 Doctors conferred Dr BC Roy Award by the President on Doctors Day – Medical Dialogues|date=1 July 2016|language=en-US|access-date=3 July 2016}}</ref>
* Awarded with Dr RV Rajam Oration (2013–2014) Annual Meeting of National Academy of Medical Science<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://nams-india.in/downloads/Oration_and_Award.pdf|title=Dr RV Rajam Oration|website=|access-date=}}</ref>
* Received ICMR Lala Ram Chand Kandhari Award (2010) for his work on therapy and other aspects of vitiligo<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chandigarh/ICMR-honours-8-PGI-medicos-for-research/articleshow/19828003.cms|title=ICMR honours 8 PGI medicos for research|work=The Times of India|date=2 May 2013 |access-date=3 July 2016}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2013/20130506/nation.htm#4|title=The Tribune, Chandigarh, India – Nation|website=www.tribuneindia.com|access-date=3 July 2016}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite web|url=http://www.indiamedicaltimes.com/2013/09/24/ghulam-nabi-azad-presents-icmr-awards-to-51-scientists/|title=Ghulam Nabi Azad presents ICMR Awards to 51 scientists {{!}} India Medical Times|access-date=3 July 2016}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kanwar, AJ}}
[[Category:Indian dermatologists]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1948 births]]
[[Category:All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi alumni]]
[[Category:Medical doctors from Delhi]]
[[Category:Dr. B. C. Roy Award winners]]

{{India-med-bio-stub}}

National Highway 135BB (India)

2025-02-28T17:46:25Z

Vilianapcm: minor edit

{{short description|National Highway in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2019}}
{{infobox road
| country = IND
| type = NH
| route = 135BB
| map = {{Maplink|frame=yes|frame-width=290|frame-height=300|frame-align=center|type=line|stroke-width=3
|title=National Highway 135BB|text= Map of National Highway '''135BB''' in red}}
| map_custom = yes
| length_km = 103
| direction_a = East
| direction_b = West
| terminus_a = [[Bargarh]] More near Jamira
| terminus_b = [[Rewa, Madhya Pradesh|Rewa]]
| junction =
| spur_type = NH
| spur_of = 35
| previous_type = NH
| next_type = NH
| previous_route = 35 
| next_route = 39 
| states = [[Madhya Pradesh]], [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| destinations =
}}

'''National Highway 135BB''', commonly referred to as '''NH 135BB''' is a [[National Highway (India)|national highway]] in [[India]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=http://egazette.nic.in/WriteReadData/2017/180664.pdf|title=New national highways declaration notification|website=[[The Gazette of India]] - [[Ministry of Road Transport and Highways]]|access-date=11 March 2019}}</ref><ref name=":0" /> It is a [[Spur route|spur]] road of [[National Highway 35 (India)|National Highway 35]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.egazette.nic.in/WriteReadData/2011/E_574_2012_016.pdf|title=New Numbering of National Highways notification - Government of India|website=[[The Gazette of India]]|access-date=11 March 2019}}</ref> NH-135BB traverses the states of [[Madhya Pradesh]] and [[Uttar Pradesh]] in India.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://morth.nic.in/showfile.asp?lid=2924|title=State-wise length of National Highways (NH) in India|website=[[Ministry of Road Transport and Highways]]|access-date=11 March 2019}}</ref>

== Route ==
;Uttar Pradesh
Bargarh More near Jamira - Bargarh - Gahur - M.P. border.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":0" />

;Madhya Pradesh
U.P. border - Dubi, Magdaur, Dabhoura, Bardaha Ghati, Sirmour, Rewa.

== Junctions ==
{{RJL|date=November 2021}}
: {{jct|NH|35|country=IND}} Terminal near Jamira.<ref name=":1" />
: {{jct|NH|135BD|country=IND}} Terminal near Dabhoura.<ref name=":1" />
: {{jct|NH|39|country=IND}} Terminal near Rewa.<ref name=":1" />

== See also ==
* [[List of national highways in India]]
* [[List of national highways in India by state]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==

* [https://www.openstreetmap.org/relation/11611778 NH 135BB on OpenStreetMap]

{{Indian Highways Network}}
{{IND NH35 sr}}

[[Category:National highways of India]]
[[Category:National highways in Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:National highways in Uttar Pradesh]]

{{India-NH-stub}}

Ayesha Sardar

2025-02-28T17:39:55Z

Vilianapcm: brief correct article for clarity and corrected details

{{Short description|Bangladeshi politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2024}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Ayesha Sardar
| office = Member of Bangladesh Parliament
| term_start = 18 February 1979
| term_end = 12 February 1982
| predecessor =
| successor =
| birth_date =
| birth_place =
| death_date =
| death_place =
| party = [[Bangladesh Nationalist Party]]
}}
'''Ayesha Sardar''' (1927-16 February 1988) ({{Langx|bn|আয়েশা সরদার}}) is a [[Bangladesh Nationalist Party]] politician and a former member of parliament of women's reserved seat.

== Early life ==
Sardar was born in 1927 in Khanpur, [[Bagherpara Upazila|Bagharpara Upazila]], [[Jessore District]], East Bengal, British India.<ref name="bia" />

== Career ==
In 1954, Sardar became the chairperson of Muslim League Women Forum. In 1963, she served as a member of Zila Parishad and Divisional Council. She was the commissioner of Jessore Municipality in 1965 and was elected to the East Pakistan Provincial Assembly in the same year.<ref name="bia" /> In 1967 she was the chairperson of the Khulna Zone Labour Federation. In 1977, she was a Commissioner of Dhaka Municipality.<ref name="bia" />

In 1978 Sardar became a member of the central committee of Mahila Jagadal and then a member of the Central Committee of Bangladesh Nationalist Party.<ref name="bia" /> Sardar was elected to parliament from women's reserved seat as a Bangladesh Nationalist Party candidate in 1979.<ref name="1979results">{{cite web|title=List of 2nd Parliament Members|url=http://www.parliament.gov.bd/images/pdf/formermp/2nd.pdf|access-date=20 March 2021|website=Bangladesh Parliament|language=bn |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180904090815/http://www.parliament.gov.bd/images/pdf/formermp/2nd.pdf |archive-date=4 September 2018}}</ref> She served as the vice-president of the [[Jatiyatabadi Mahila Dal]], the women's wing of Bangladesh Nationalist Party. She was the chairperson of Bangladesh Mahila Samaj Kalyan Samiti. She was involved in the development of Jessore District and established 50 educational institutes there.<ref name="bia" />

She served as the president of Jessore District Journalist Association and Jessore Ebaquib Samiti. The President of Pakistan Awarded her the [[Tamgha-i-Khidmat]] award for her social work.<ref name="bia" />

== Death ==
Sardar died on 16 February 1988.<ref name="bia">{{cite web|last1=Akbar|first1=Md. Ali|title=Sardar, Begum Ayesha|url=http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Sardar,_Begum_Ayesha|access-date=4 April 2021|website=Banglapedia}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sardar, Ayesha}}
[[Category:Bangladesh Nationalist Party politicians]]
[[Category:2nd Jatiya Sangsad members]]
[[Category:Women members of the Jatiya Sangsad]]
[[Category:1927 births]]
[[Category:1988 deaths]]
[[Category:20th-century Bangladeshi women politicians]]