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Pailam Pilaga

2026-05-07T02:48:34Z

Vilianaizi: Made Initial Pg W/ Refs

{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2026}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Pailam Pilaga
| image = Pailam Pilaga.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = Anand Gurram
| writer = Anand Gurram
| screenplay =
| story =
| producer = Rama Krishna Boddula SK Srinivas
| starring = Sai Teja Kalvakota Pavani Karanam Mirchi Kiran
| cinematography = Sandeep Baddula
| editing = Ravi Teja Kurmana
| music = Yashwanth Nag
| studio = Happy Horse Films
| released = {{Film date|2024|09|20|df=y}}<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://tfja.in/english/pailam-pilaga-set-to-relese-on-september-20th/ |title=Pailam Pilaga set to Relese [sic] on September 20th |date=18 September 2024 |website=TFJA}}</ref>
| country = [[India]]
| language = [[Telugu language|Telugu]]
}}
'''''Pailam Pilaga''''' ({{translation|"Take care, boy"}}) is a 2024 Indian [[Telugu language|Telugu-language]] [[Comedy drama|comedy-drama]] film directed by Anand Gurram and produced by Ramakrishna Boddula and Srinivas SK under the banner of Happy Horse Films. The film stars Sai Teja Kalvakota, Pavani Karanam, and Mirchi Kiran in the lead roles, with a supporting cast including [[Dubbing Janaki]], [[Chitram Srinu]], and BHEL Prasad.

== Plot ==
Set in the rural village of Kothula Gutta, the story revolves around Shiva, a young man with aspirations that extend far beyond his small-town life. As he embarks on a journey to secure a [[Job (role)|job]] and fulfill his ambitions, the film explores whether Shiva will ultimately succeed in overcoming the challenges he faces along the way.

== Cast ==

* Sai Teja Kalvakota as Shiva
* Pavani Karanam as Devi
* Mirchi Kiran as Village Sarpanch
* [[Dubbing Janaki]] as Grandmother
* [[Chitram Srinu]] as Murthy
* BHEL Prasad as Shiva's Father
* Jaya Naidu as Shiva's Mother

== Production ==
The film was directed by Anand Gurram and produced by Ramakrishna Boddula and SK Srinivas under the banner of Happy Horse Films. Sandeep Baddula served as the [[Cinematographer|director of photography]] (DOP), and Yashwanth Nag composed the music. Filming took place in mid-2023 in the villages around [[Karimnagar]], [[Telangana]], and concluded within two months. The film's editing was handled by Ravi Teja Kurmana, with additional support from Shailesh Darekar. Sound design was done by Rabeesh Edavottom and Nikhil Sebastian, while the costume design was managed by Harika Potta.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Director Harish Shankar Unveils the Teaser of 'Pailam Pilaga' |url=https://www.telugutimes.net/article/director-harish-shankar-unveils-the-teaser-of-pailam-pilaga |access-date=22 September 2024 |website=Telugu Times - USA NRI Telugu News Telugu News Papers In USA |language=en |archive-date=24 September 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240924130757/https://www.telugutimes.net/article/director-harish-shankar-unveils-the-teaser-of-pailam-pilaga |url-status=live}}</ref>

== Soundtrack ==
The film's soundtrack was composed by Yashwanth Nag. The audio rights were acquired by [[T-Series (company)|T-Series]], and the first single was launched in Hyderabad by director [[Sekhar Kammula]].

{{Soundtrack
| headline = Track Listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| total_length = 21:24
| title1 = Sodu Sodu
| length1 = 4:22
| lyrics1 = Anand Gurram
| extra1 = [[Ram Miriyala]]
| title2 = Jai Chiranjeeva
| length2 = 2:02
| lyrics2 = Traditional
| extra2 = Yashwanth Nag
| title3 = Naalo Sagama
| length3 = 3:19
| lyrics3 = Anand Gurram
| extra3 = [[K.S. Chithra]]
| title4 = Pailam Pilaga - Male Version
| length4 = 3:38
| lyrics4 = Akkala Chandra Mouli
| extra4 = Yashwanth Nag
| title5 = Pailam Pilaga - Female Version
| length5 = 5:00
| lyrics5 = Akkala Chandra Mouli
| extra5 = [[Sravana Bhargavi]]
| title6 = Ye Nimisham
| length6 = 3:43
| lyrics6 = Anand Gurram
| extra6 = Yashwanth Nag
}}

== Release and reception ==
''Pailam Pilaga'' was released worldwide on 20 September 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |title=‘పైలం పిలగా’ రిలీజ్‌ డేట్‌ ఫిక్స్‌ {{!}} pailam pilaga movie Release Date out {{!}} Sakshi |url=https://sakshi.com/telugu-news/movies/pailam-pilaga-movie-release-date-out-2187830 |access-date=22 September 2024 |website=sakshi.com |language=te |archive-date=22 September 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240922141502/https://sakshi.com/telugu-news/movies/pailam-pilaga-movie-release-date-out-2187830 |url-status=live}}</ref> ''[[The Hans India]]'' rated the film 3/5 and ''[[NTV Telugu]]'' rated the film 2.5/5.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.thehansindia.com/cinema/pailam-pilaga-review-entertainment-intertwined-with-meaningful-themes-908474 |title=‘Pailam Pilaga’ review: Entertainment intertwined with meaningful themes |first=Suhas |last=Sistu |date=20 September 2024 |website=thehansindia.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://ntvtelugu.com/reviews/pailam-pilaga-movie-review-and-rating-679410.html |title=Pailam Pilaga Review: పైలం పిలగా రివ్యూ |first=ntv |last=Telugu |date=20 September 2024 |website=NTV Telugu}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.sakshi.com/telugu-news/movies/pailam-pilaga-movie-review-and-rating-2190202 |title=‘పైలం పిలగా’ మూవీ రివ్యూ | Pailam Pilaga Movie Review And Rating | Sakshi |website=sakshi.com}}</ref>

===Home media===
''Pailam Pilaga'' streamed on [[ETV Network|ETV Win]] from 10 October 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Pailam Pilaga OTT release date: When, where to watch the Sai Teja film |url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/pailam-pilaga-ott-release-date-when-where-to-watch-the-sai-teja-film/e88d9eac4c861 |access-date=3 October 2024 |website=OTTPlay |language=en |archive-date=1 October 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241001152222/https://www.ottplay.com/news/pailam-pilaga-ott-release-date-when-where-to-watch-the-sai-teja-film/e88d9eac4c861 |url-status=live}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==

* {{IMDb title}}

{{Portal bar|India|Film}}
[[Category:2024 films]]
[[Category:2024 Telugu-language films]]
[[Category:Indian comedy-drama films]]
[[Category:2024 Indian films]]
[[Category:2024 comedy-drama films]]
[[Category:Films set in 2024]]

Varuthapadatha Valibar Sangam

2026-05-06T22:57:49Z

Vilianaizi: created bio

{{Short description|2013 Indian film by Ponram}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2026}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2026}}
{{Infobox film
| image = Varuthapadatha Valibar Sangam Poster.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[Ponram]]
| writer = Ponram [[M. Rajesh]] (dialogues)
| producer = P. Madan
| starring = {{ubl|[[Sivakarthikeyan]]|[[Soori (actor)|Soori]]|[[Sri Divya]]|[[Sathyaraj]]}}
| cinematography = [[Balasubramaniem]]
| editing = [[Vivek Harshan]]
| music = [[D. Imman]]
| studio = [[Escape Artists Motion Pictures]]
| released = {{Film date|2013|09|06|df=y}}
| runtime = 157 minutes<ref>{{Cite web |title=Varutha Padatha Valibar Sangam |url=https://www.bbfc.co.uk/release/varutha-padatha-valibar-sangam-q29sbgvjdglvbjpwwc0znzc0mze |url-status=live |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/YQJlb |archive-date=25 February 2026 |access-date=4 February 2026 |website=[[British Board of Film Classification]] |language=en}}</ref>
| country = India
| language = Tamil
| budget = {{INR}}7 crore<ref name="economics">{{Cite web |last=Pillai |first=Sreedhar |date=25 September 2013 |title=VVS is a blockbuster – The Economics |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/vvs-is-a-blockbuster-the-economics-news-tamil-njzj7ugafij.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130928044216/http://www.sify.com/movies/vvs-is-a-blockbuster-the-economics-news-tamil-njzj7ugafij.html |archive-date=28 September 2013 |access-date=23 December 2013 |website=[[Sify]] |language=en}}</ref>
| gross = 
}}
'''''Varuthapadatha Valibar Sangam''''' ({{translation|The Association of Carefree Youths}}), also known by the initialism '''''VVS''''', is a 2013 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[romantic comedy]] film directed by [[Ponram]]. Produced by P. Madan under [[Escape Artists Motion Pictures]], it stars [[Sivakarthikeyan]], [[Soori (actor)|Soori]] and [[Sri Divya]] (in her [[Tamil cinema|Tamil]] debut), with [[Sathyaraj]] in a prominent role. In the film, a young man falls in love with the daughter of the village head, who opposes love marriages.

''Varuthapadatha Valibar Singam'' marked Ponram's return to direction after ''[[Thirutham]]'' (2007). Filming, which took place in [[Theni]], [[Tiruchirappalli]] and [[Chennai]], was completed by July 2013. The music was composed by [[D. Imman]], with cinematography handled by [[Balasubramaniem]] and editing done by [[Vivek Harshan]]. [[M. Rajesh]], whom Ponram had assisted him, wrote the dialogues for the film.

''Varuthapadatha Valibar Singam'' was released on 6 September 2013, coinciding with the [[Ganesh Chaturthi|Ganesh Chathurthi]] weekend and became a major commercial success, positioning Sivakarthikeyan as a star in [[Tamil cinema]]. The film received praise for the on-screen chemistry between Sivakarthikeyan and Soori, and Soori's dialogues became popular. It was remade in [[Kannada]] as ''[[Adyaksha]]'' and in [[Telugu language|Telugu]] as ''[[Current Theega]]'', both released in 2014.

==Plot==
Police officers arrive at the house of Sivanandi, a village head, to question him about the supposed murders of his daughter Lathapandi and her lover Bosepandi. It is rumoured that Sivanandi himself killed them, to [[Honor killing|protect his honour]], because they had eloped with each other. Sivanandi admits to the accusations and agrees to take the police to the crime scene. The story then moves to a flashback sequence.

Bosepandi and Kodi are best friends, and are the leaders of an association named "Varuthapadatha Valibar Sangam". Bosepandi falls in love with Kalyani, a school teacher. Bosepandi writes a love letter for Kalyani, but instead of giving it to her himself, he sends the letter through Lathapandi, a student. Lathapandi delivers the letter to Kalyani while tricking Bosepandi into believing many things.

Sivanandi fixes a marriage for Lathapandi, but the latter is unwilling to marry, for she is [[Child marriage in India|younger than the legal age]] and wishes pursue higher studies. Lathapandi's marriage is publicised on a billboard, seeing which Bosepandi and Kodi decide to stop Lathapandi's marriage (after the two wish to publicise their assosciation). Bosepandi and Kodi try to file a complain in the police station, and threaten the officers that if they do not act on the case, the two shall file a case at the commissioner's. The police officers talk Sivanandi into stopping Lathapandi's marriage. Later, Lathapandi informs Bosepandi that Kalyani is getting married. In response, Bosepandi decides to move on with his life, and arranges for a [[Dindigul]]–based programme to happen in his area. On the night of the programme, Bosepandi sees Lathapandi dressed in a [[sari]] and immediately falls in love with her. The same night, the police reveal to Sivanandi that it was Bosepandi who stopped his daughter's marriage.

The next day, Bosepandi proposes to Lathapandi, but she refuses. As he walks away from Lathapandi, Bosepandi listens to a sad song, when a gang of thugs bash Bosepandi. He finds out that it was Sivanandi's gang that hit him. So, Bosepandi and Kodi decide to steal Sivanandi's gun, something Sivanandi considers special. Bosepandi and Kodi steal the gun and run away, causing trouble. Bosepandi then assures Lathapandi that he will return the gun, if she comes to attend their friends' marriage. Bosepandi returns Sivanandi's gun without anyone's knowledge, and in return, Lathapandi attends that marriage, taking many photos with Bosepandi there. Later, Lathapandi's mother Dhanalakshmi warns Lathapandi to stop contacting Bosepandi. Next, Sivanandi's cow falls into a well when Sivanandi goes out of town, and Bosepandi helps the cow get out of the well. That night, Bosepandi stays with Lathapandi in her house, where they find Sivanandi sleepwalking. The next morning, Bosepandi and Lathapandi wake up to see Sivanandi walking again. Assuming Sivanandi to be sleepwalking, Bosepandi reveals to Sivanandi about having fallen in love with Lathapandi. Once Bosepandi realizes that Sivanandi is indeed awake, he runs away from Sivanandi's house.

Sivanandi then makes Lathapandi promise that she shall marry the groom Sivanandi chooses for her. Thus, Sivanandi's family fixes marriage for Lathapandi with another man, but on the night before the marriage, Lathapandi elopes with Bosepandi. When running away from the village, they get caught by Sivanandi, who instructs them to elope. He also provides them some money, asking them to never return to their village, in return. Sivanandi wants Bosepandi and Lathapandi to run away because he himself dislikes the chosen groom, but he is unable to prevent the marriage considering the honour he commands in their village. Sivanandi watches Bosepandi and Lathapandi get married, then walks towards home, with the blood of a goat he subsequently killed on his shirt. He lies to everyone that the blood is of his daughter, and that he had killed her to protect his honour. The married couple are settled in a hilly area, where Sivanandi returns everyday to meet them. One day, Bosepandi reveals to Sivanandi that Lathapandi is pregnant. Later, Bosepandi's father finds his son and offers him more money than what Sivanandi had given, asking them to return. The couple return to their family, and they together live happily ever after.

==Cast==
{{cast listing|
* [[Sivakarthikeyan]] as Bosepandi M.A M.Phil.
* [[Soori (actor)|Soori]] as Kodi
* [[Sri Divya]] as Lathapandi
* [[Bindu Madhavi]] as Kalyani (special appearance)
* [[Kadhal Dhandapani]] as Rasu
* Subramaniyapuram Raja as Veeranan
* [[Naadodigal Gopal]] as Perumal
* Hello Kandasamy as Dharmar
* [[Soundararaja]] as Pulichathanni
* [[Sriranjani (Tamil actress)|Sriranjani]] as Dhanalakshmi
* [[Vinodhini Vaidyanathan]] as Inspector Bharathi
* Shaalu Shammu as Namitha
* [[Rajendran]] as Koormayi
* [[Joe Malloori]] as Police Inspector
* [[Elango Kumaravel]] as a Police constable
* [[Yaar Kannan]] as Bosepandi's father
* [[Swaminathan]] as Lawyer Veerasamy
* [[Thavasi (actor)|Thavasi]] as Kodi's father
* [[Sathyaraj]] as Sivanandi
}}

==Production==

=== Development ===
[[Ponram]] returned to direction with this film after ''[[Thirutham]]'' (2007),<ref>{{Cite news |date=7 October 2021 |title=Director Ponram promises 'Varuthapadatha Valibar Sangam' sequel |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/director-ponram-promises-varuthapadatha-valibar-sangam-sequel/articleshow/86840472.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240104092102/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/director-ponram-promises-varuthapadatha-valibar-sangam-sequel/articleshow/86840472.cms |archive-date=4 January 2024 |access-date=4 January 2024 |work=[[The Times of India]] |language=en}}</ref> and [[M. Rajesh]], under whom he was previously worked as assistant director, wrote the dialogues.<ref name=":1">{{Cite news |last=Lakshmi |first=V |date=30 June 2013 |title=There will not be one dull moment in the film: Rajesh |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/there-will-not-be-one-dull-moment-in-the-film-rajesh/articleshow/20831262.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260225082116/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/there-will-not-be-one-dull-moment-in-the-film-rajesh/articleshow/20831262.cms |archive-date=25 February 2026 |access-date=22 January 2026 |work=[[The Times of India]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Kamath |first=Sudhish |author-link=Sudhish Kamath |date=26 September 2013 |title=Master of Bromance |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/master-of-bromance/article5171133.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250127055130/https://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/master-of-bromance/article5171133.ece |archive-date=27 January 2025 |access-date=31 January 2026 |work=[[The Hindu]] |language=en}}</ref> The title ''Varuthapadatha Valibar Sangam'' was derived from a fictional club that features in ''[[Winner (2003 film)|Winner]]'' (2003),<ref>{{Cite web |last=Aiyappan |first=Ashameera |date=10 October 2017 |title=Happy birthday Vaigai Puyal Vadivelu: There is no stopping this humour storm! |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/tamil/happy-birthday-vaigai-puyal-vadivelu-4883168/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190403023404/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/tamil/happy-birthday-vaigai-puyal-vadivelu-4883168/ |archive-date=3 April 2019 |access-date=22 January 2026 |website=[[The Indian Express]] |language=en}}</ref> and a real club with the same name which Ponram said "treats serious issues with disdain and frivolous issues seriously".<ref name=":3">{{Cite news |last=Naig |first=Udhav |date=10 September 2013 |title=Comic attraction |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/comic-attraction/article5112444.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260129025837/https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/comic-attraction/article5112444.ece |archive-date=29 January 2026 |access-date=29 January 2026 |work=[[The Hindu]] |language=en}}</ref> The film was produced by P. Madan under [[Escape Artists Motion Pictures]], photographed by [[Balasubramaniem]] and edited by [[Vivek Harshan]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Kumar |first=S. R. Ashok |date=27 July 2013 |title=Audio Beat: Varuthapadatha Vaalibar Sangam – Songs to lift your mood |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/cinema-reviews/audio-beat-varuthapadatha-vaalibar-sangam-songs-to-lift-your-mood/article4959791.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200614014546/https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/cinema-reviews/audio-beat-varuthapadatha-vaalibar-sangam-songs-to-lift-your-mood/article4959791.ece |archive-date=14 June 2020 |access-date=14 June 2020 |work=[[The Hindu]] |language=en}}</ref> It was announced at a press interaction event on 12 June 2013 at [[Chennai]].<ref name="sifyvvs1" />

Rajesh initially wrote one version of the script, which Ponram had drafted and then had changed the normal version of the dialogues to suit its village-centric theme.<ref name=":1" /> While writing the story, he would often provide feedback from Rajesh suggesting any changes in the script.<ref name=":3" /> Since Rajesh knew about the progress of the script from its inception, Ponram insisted him to write the dialogues, to which Rajesh agreed.<ref name=":3" /> He considered the humour element to be the highlight for this film.<ref name=":1" />

=== Casting and filming ===
Ponram narrated the script to at least 12 actors before [[Sivakarthikeyan]] was finalised as the lead character.<ref>{{Cite web |last=தாரா |first=ராகேஷ் |date=17 December 2025 |title=12 பேர் ரிஜெக்ட் செய்த கதையில் நடித்து சுப்பர் ஹிட் கொடுத்த சிவகார்த்திகேயன்..எந்த படம் தெரியுமா |trans-title=Sivakarthikeyan delivered a super hit by acting in a film that 12 people had rejected... Do you know which film it is? |url=https://tamil.abplive.com/entertainment/sivakarthikeyan-gave-hit-with-varuthapadatha-vaalibar-sangam-after-12-heroes-rejected-the-script-243588 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251217095129/https://tamil.abplive.com/entertainment/sivakarthikeyan-gave-hit-with-varuthapadatha-vaalibar-sangam-after-12-heroes-rejected-the-script-243588 |archive-date=17 December 2025 |access-date=22 January 2026 |website=[[ABP Nadu]] |language=ta}}</ref> [[Soori (actor)|Soori]] was chosen to play a comedic role; he previously worked with Sivakarthikeyan in ''[[Manam Kothi Paravai]]'' (2012) and ''[[Kedi Billa Killadi Ranga]]'' (2013).<ref>{{Cite news |last=Shrikumar |first=A. |date=7 September 2018 |title=Soori chats about how humour elements add flavour to cinema |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/soori-chats-about-how-humour-elements-add-flavour-to-cinema/article24892384.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250818191908/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/soori-chats-about-how-humour-elements-add-flavour-to-cinema/article24892384.ece |archive-date=18 August 2025 |access-date=2 February 2026 |work=[[The Hindu]] |language=en}}</ref> [[Sri Divya]], who previously appeared mainly in [[Telugu language|Telugu]] films, made her Tamil debut in this film; she plays Sivakarthikeyan's love interest.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Raghavan |first=Nikhil |date=10 January 2015 |title=The next big thing? |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/interview-with-actor-sri-divya/article6775344.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150111084930/http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/interview-with-actor-sri-divya/article6775344.ece |archive-date=11 January 2015 |access-date=22 January 2026 |work=[[The Hindu]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Gupta |first=Rinku |date=7 August 2013 |title=Kollywood's new pretty young thing |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/2013/Aug/07/kollywoods-new-pretty-young-thing-504485.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260204142401/https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/2013/Aug/07/kollywoods-new-pretty-young-thing-504485.html |archive-date=4 February 2026 |access-date=25 February 2026 |work=[[The New Indian Express]] |language=en}}</ref> [[Sathyaraj]] was chosen to play Sivanandi; Ponram considered him to be perfect for the role and added that his role was not an antagonist.<ref name=":3" /> Much of the film's production had been completed before the team officially announced the film;<ref name="sifyvvs1" /> filming was held in various places such as [[Theni]], [[Tiruchirappalli]] and Chennai.<ref name="sifyvvs1">{{Cite web |date=13 June 2013 |title='Varuthapadatha Valibar Sangam' gets ready! |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/varuthapadatha-valibar-sangam-gets-ready-news-tamil-ngnk5qdjieg.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130929165804/http://www.sify.com/movies/varuthapadatha-valibar-sangam-gets-ready-news-tamil-ngnk5qdjieg.html |archive-date=29 September 2013 |access-date=13 June 2013 |website=[[Sify]] |language=en}}</ref> The final filming schedule was completed in Theni by early July 2013.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Varuthapadatha Valibar Sangam shoot over in Theni |url=https://www.sify.com/movies/ivaruthapadatha-valibar-sangam-ishoot-over-in-theni-imagegallery-kollywood-nhet78edggesi.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200613174605/https://www.sify.com/movies/ivaruthapadatha-valibar-sangam-ishoot-over-in-theni-imagegallery-kollywood-nhet78edggesi.html |archive-date=13 June 2020 |access-date=13 June 2020 |website=[[Sify]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=6 July 2013 |title=Sivakarthikeyan searches for lost gun |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/sivakarthikeyan-searches-for-lost-gun/articleshow/20940923.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260225082605/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/sivakarthikeyan-searches-for-lost-gun/articleshow/20940923.cms |archive-date=25 February 2026 |access-date=22 January 2026 |work=[[The Times of India]] |language=en}}</ref> Ponram noted that he initially wanted the climax to depict the realities of [[Honor killing|honour killing]], but changed it even before Sivakarthikeyan was cast, and was later convinced the original climax would not suit the actor's image.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Aiyappan |first=Ashameera |date=17 September 2018 |title=I would like to do serious films: Director Ponram |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/2018/Sep/17/i-would-like-to-do-serious-films-director-ponram-1872798.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260203141127/https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/2018/Sep/17/i-would-like-to-do-serious-films-director-ponram-1872798.html |archive-date=3 February 2026 |access-date=4 February 2026 |website=[[The New Indian Express]] |language=en}}</ref>

== Themes ==
''Varuthapadatha Valibar Singam'' deals with the practice of honour killing. Surendhar MK of ''[[Firstpost]]'' noted that though films with this theme are often considered "preachy" and "gory", Ponram took a light-hearted and comical route for this film. Ponram told him, "Though I tried to put forth the social injustices prevailing in a particular caste or region, I never wanted to use any direct caste references". Instead, he implied it using their customs, traditions and accents to pertain to wide range of audiences.<ref>{{Cite news |last=MK |first=Surendhar |date=13 September 2018 |title=Seema Raja director Ponram on working with Sivakarthikeyan: Changed film's climax to suit his image |url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/seema-raja-director-ponram-on-working-with-sivakarthikeyan-changed-films-climax-to-suit-his-image-5175821.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230608010926/https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/seema-raja-director-ponram-on-working-with-sivakarthikeyan-changed-films-climax-to-suit-his-image-5175821.html |archive-date=8 June 2023 |access-date=31 January 2026 |work=[[Firstpost]] |language=en}}</ref> Sivakarthikeyan described it as a [[political satire]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Vallavan |first=Prashanth |date=21 January 2026 |title=Sivakarthikeyan: 'Choose your producers wisely' |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/2026/Jan/21/tamilinterviews2026jan21sivakarthikeyan-choose-your-producers-wisely |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260204142248/https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/2026/Jan/21/tamilinterviews2026jan21sivakarthikeyan-choose-your-producers-wisely |archive-date=4 February 2026 |access-date=5 February 2026 |website=[[The New Indian Express]] |language=en}}</ref>

==Soundtrack==
{{Main|Varuthapadatha Valibar Sangam (soundtrack)}}
The music is composed by [[D. Imman]], with lyrics written by [[Yugabharathi]].<ref name=":22">{{Cite web |date=19 July 2013 |title=Varuthapadatha Vaalibar Sangam (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack) |url=https://music.apple.com/in/album/varuthapadatha-vaalibar-sangam-original-motion-picture/671579177 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210103032818/https://music.apple.com/in/album/varuthapadatha-vaalibar-sangam-original-motion-picture/671579177 |archive-date=3 January 2021 |access-date=1 February 2026 |website=[[Apple Music]] |language=en}}</ref> Imman collaborated with Sivakarthikeyan for the second time after ''Manam Kothi Paravai''.<ref>{{Cite web |date=28 December 2012 |title=Imman composes for Siva Karthikeyan's next |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/regional/tamil/news-interviews/Imman-composes-for-Siva-Karthikeyans-next/articleshow/17791691.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130704082550/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-12-28/news-interviews/36035579_1_siva-karthikeyan-imman-manam-kothi-paravai |archive-date=4 July 2013 |access-date=13 June 2013 |website=[[The Times of India]] |language=en}}</ref> The soundtrack album features five songs, with a [[dubstep]] version and three [[karaoke]] versions, thus making it to nine tracks in total.<ref name=":22" /> Sivakarthikeyan sung the title track "Varuthapadatha Valibar Sangam", making his debut in playback singing.<ref>{{Cite news |date=26 June 2013 |title=Sivakarthikeyan turns singer |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/sivakarthikeyan-turns-singer/articleshow/20773796.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260206025423/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/sivakarthikeyan-turns-singer/articleshow/20773796.cms |archive-date=6 February 2026 |access-date=22 January 2026 |work=[[The Times of India]] |language=en}}</ref> The audio launch took place on 19 July 2013 at [[Sathyam Cinemas]], Chennai.<ref>{{Cite web |date=19 July 2013 |title=VVS audio launched in style |url=https://www.sify.com/movies/vvs-audio-launched-in-style--imagegallery-kollywood-nhpoAQhfbgisi.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200614012912/https://www.sify.com/movies/vvs-audio-launched-in-style--imagegallery-kollywood-nhpoAQhfbgisi.html |archive-date=14 June 2020 |access-date=14 June 2020 |website=[[Sify]] |language=en}}</ref>

==Release==
Initially scheduled to be released during August 2013,<ref name="sifyvvs1" /> ''Varuthapadatha Valibar Sangam'' was released in theatres on 6 September 2013, during the [[Ganesh Chaturthi|Vinayagar Chathurthi]] weekend.<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 August 2013 |title=Varuthapadatha Vaalibar Sangam to release on 6 September |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/Varuthapadatha-Vaalibar-Sangam-to-release/articleshow/21757615.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230506100115/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/varuthapadatha-vaalibar-sangam-to-release/articleshow/21757615.cms |archive-date=6 May 2023 |access-date=14 June 2020 |website=[[The Times of India]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2 July 2013 |title=Varuthapadatha Valibar Sangam's release date |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/Varuthapadatha-Valibar-Sangams-release-date/articleshow/20871604.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200623015551/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/Varuthapadatha-Valibar-Sangams-release-date/articleshow/20871604.cms |archive-date=23 June 2020 |access-date=14 June 2020 |work=[[The Times of India]] |language=en}}</ref> It was released in 343 screens in Tamil Nadu.<ref name="economics" /> The film's television premiere took place on 14 January 2014, coinciding with the [[Pongal (festival)|Pongal]] festival on [[Kalaignar TV]], and registered a [[Target rating point|TRP]] rating of 12.29.<ref>{{Cite web |date=21 January 2014 |title=VVS ahead of 'Thalaivaa' and 'Raja Rani'! |url=https://www.sify.com/movies/vvs-ahead-of-thalaivaa-and-raja-rani--news-tamil-ob2mtUfjicgsi.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200614021608/https://www.sify.com/movies/vvs-ahead-of-thalaivaa-and-raja-rani--news-tamil-ob2mtUfjicgsi.html |archive-date=14 June 2020 |access-date=14 June 2020 |website=[[Sify]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=29 January 2014 |title=Sivakarthikeyan scores over Vijay |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/sivakarthikeyan-scores-over-vijay/articleshow/29500484.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260225083425/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/sivakarthikeyan-scores-over-vijay/articleshow/29500484.cms |archive-date=25 February 2026 |access-date=5 February 2026 |work=[[The Times of India]] |language=en}}</ref>

==Reception==

===Critical reception===
[[Baradwaj Rangan]] wrote for ''[[The Hindu]]'', "The film has enough silliness to qualify as mild amusement, especially in the scenes with Bosepandi and his friend Kodi (Soori) — but these gags would work just as well as a compilation clip on YouTube. The plotting is too loose to warrant a two-hour-and-forty-minute movie, with sentimental detours and meandering subplots".<ref>{{Cite news |last=Rangan |first=Baradwaj |author-link=Baradwaj Rangan |date=7 September 2013 |title=Varuthapadatha Valibar Sangam: Jest cause |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/cinema-reviews/varuthapadatha-valibar-sangam-jest-cause/article5104079.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161229091048/http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/cinema-reviews/varuthapadatha-valibar-sangam-jest-cause/article5104079.ece |archive-date=29 December 2016 |access-date=17 September 2013 |work=[[The Hindu]] |language=en}}</ref> ''[[The Times of India]]'' rated it 3 out of 5, stating "What makes this a rather predictable film appealing to an extent is the lighthearted manner in which Ponram tells his story."<ref>{{Cite web |title=Varuthapadatha Vaalibar Sangam Movie Review |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/varuthapadatha-vaalibar-sangam/movie-review/22452063.cms |url-status=deviated |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200623032734/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/varuthapadatha-vaalibar-sangam/movie-review/22452063.cms |archive-date=23 June 2020 |access-date=14 June 2020 |website=[[The Times of India]] |language=en}}</ref> [[Indo-Asian News Service|IANS]] wrote, "While the film's biggest strength are its dialogues, its lengthy second half tests the audience's patience".<ref>{{Cite web |date=7 September 2013 |title='Varuthapadatha Valibar Sangam' – lacks story, but entertains (Tamil Movie Review) |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ians/varuthapadatha-valibar-sangam-lacks-story-but-entertains-tamil-movie-review-113090700211_1.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241114112541/https://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ians/varuthapadatha-valibar-sangam-lacks-story-but-entertains-tamil-movie-review-113090700211_1.html |archive-date=14 November 2024 |access-date=28 January 2026 |website=[[Business Standard]] |language=en |agency=[[Indo-Asian News Service|IANS]]}}</ref>

S Saraswathi of ''[[Rediff.com]]'' gave a rating of 2 out of 5 and summarised, "''Varuthapadatha Valibar Sangam'' is boring and gets repetitive after a while".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Saraswathi |first=S |date=9 September 2013 |title=Review: Varthapadatha Valibar Sangam is boring |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/report/review-south-varthapadatha-valibar-sangam-is-boring/20130909.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130915092138/http://www.rediff.com/movies/report/review-south-varthapadatha-valibar-sangam-is-boring/20130909.htm |archive-date=15 September 2013 |access-date=17 September 2013 |website=[[Rediff.com]] |language=en}}</ref> ''[[Sify]]'' gave a rating of 2.75 out of 5 stating, "Ponram through VVS follows the comedy template set by his guru Rajesh and blends them with his hero Sivakarthikeyan's image. Add D Imman's peppy melodies with a rural touch and you get a mass comedy entertainer".<ref>{{Cite web |date=6 September 2013 |title=Varuthapadatha Valibar Sangam |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/varuthapadatha-valibar-sangam-review-tamil-pcmbaggijfeea.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180107232949/http://www.sify.com/movies/varuthapadatha-valibar-sangam-review-tamil-pcmbaggijfeea.html |archive-date=7 January 2018 |access-date=22 January 2026 |website=[[Sify]] |language=en}}</ref> Malini Mannath of ''[[The New Indian Express]]'' wrote that the first half was "interesting" but the pace "slackens" in the latter half with "some dull patches and too many songs", although she praised the "surprise fun-ending". Malini criticised the film's length and wrote, "the narration could have been tightened and made crisper [...] the film though not the best of comedies, makes for a fairly pleasant watch".<ref>{{Cite news |last=Mannath |first=Malini |date=8 September 2013 |title=Varuthapadatha Vaalibar Sangam: Karthikeyan's splendid take |url=http://newindianexpress.com/entertainment/reviews/Varuthapadatha-Vaalibar-Sangam-Karthikeyans-splendid-take/2013/09/08/article1773669.ece |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130927111908/http://newindianexpress.com/entertainment/reviews/Varuthapadatha-Vaalibar-Sangam-Karthikeyans-splendid-take/2013/09/08/article1773669.ece |archive-date=27 September 2013 |access-date=17 September 2013 |work=[[The New Indian Express]] |language=en}}</ref>

===Box office===
''Varuthapadatha Valibar Sangam'' opened at number one at the Chennai box office,<ref>{{Cite web |date=10 September 2013 |title=Chennai Box-Office – September 6 to 9 |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/boxoffice.php?id=15038214&cid=13525926 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131001195939/http://www.sify.com/movies/boxoffice.php?id=15038214&cid=13525926 |archive-date=1 October 2013 |access-date=22 January 2026 |website=[[Sify]] |language=en}}</ref> and remained so for three weeks.<ref>{{Cite web |date=19 September 2013 |title=Chennai Box-Office – Sep 13 to 15 |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/boxoffice.php?id=15038902&cid=13525926 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130925185442/http://www.sify.com/movies/boxoffice.php?id=15038902&cid=13525926 |archive-date=25 September 2013 |access-date=23 December 2013 |website=[[Sify]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=1 October 2013 |title=Chennai Box-Office – Sep 27 to 29 |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/boxoffice.php?id=15039849&cid=13525926 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140130121723/http://www.sify.com/movies/boxoffice.php?id=15039849&cid=13525926 |archive-date=30 January 2014 |access-date=22 January 2026 |website=[[Sify]] |language=en}}</ref> It grossed over {{INRConvert|3|c|year=2013}} on the opening day.<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 September 2013 |title='Varuthapadatha Valibar Sangam' opens big! |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/varuthapadatha-valibar-sangam-opens-big-news-tamil-njimS5fbeee.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130910221831/http://www.sify.com/movies/varuthapadatha-valibar-sangam-opens-big-news-tamil-njimS5fbeee.html |archive-date=10 September 2013 |access-date=23 December 2013 |website=[[Sify]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=8 September 2013 |title=VVS gets a good opening |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/vvs-gets-a-good-opening/articleshow/22415354.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260225084327/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/vvs-gets-a-good-opening/articleshow/22415354.cms |archive-date=25 February 2026 |access-date=5 February 2026 |work=[[The Times of India]] |language=en}}</ref> Trade analyst Sreedhar Pillai noted that the opening was the biggest in Sivakarthikeyan's career at the time of its release.<ref>{{Cite tweet |number=376033681183211520 |user=sri50 |title=#VVS has taken a fantastic opening in TN. It is @Siva_Kartikeyan 's best-ever day 1 opening. It is a hat-trick and he can be called a Star! |first=Sreedhar |last=Pillai |access-date=22 January 2026 |language=en |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/eV3pc |archive-date=25 February 2026 |url-status=live}}</ref> In an article dated 25 September 2013, Sreedhar Pillai wrote that the film, made on a production budget of {{INRConvert|7|c|year=2013}}, collected {{INRConvert|10.25|c|year=2013}} in its first three days, and {{INRConvert|27.35|c|year=2013}} after 17 days at the Tamil Nadu box office. He considered it "2013's biggest hit" to that point, based on [[return on investment]] (ROI) alone.<ref name="economics" /> That December, another trade analyst Trinath told IANS that the film earned {{INRConvert|23|c|year=2013}}, and concurred that it was "undoubtedly the biggest Tamil hit of the year" with regards to ROI.<ref>{{Cite web |date=17 December 2013 |title=Comedies reaped gold for southern cinema |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/content/375104/comedies-reaped-gold-southern-cinema.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131217235141/http://www.deccanherald.com/content/375104/comedies-reaped-gold-southern-cinema.html |archive-date=17 December 2013 |access-date=31 January 2026 |website=[[Deccan Herald]] |language=en |agency=[[Indo-Asian News Service|IANS]]}}</ref>

==Accolades==
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders unsortable"
! scope="col" |Event
! scope="col" |Category
! scope="col" |Nominee(s)
! scope="col" |Result
! scope="col" class="unsortable" |{{Abbr|Ref.|Reference}}
|-
| [[61st Filmfare Awards South]]
|[[Filmfare Award for Best Music Director – Tamil|Best Music Director – Tamil]]
|[[D. Imman]]
|{{nom}}
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 July 2014 |title=61st Idea Filmfare Awards (South) Nomination list |url=http://www.filmfare.com/features/61st-idea-filmfare-awards-south-nomination-list-6638-1.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170519161200/http://www.filmfare.com/features/61st-idea-filmfare-awards-south-nomination-list-6638.html |archive-date=19 May 2017 |access-date=22 January 2026 |website=[[Filmfare]] |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=13 July 2014 |title=Winners of 61st Idea Filmfare Awards South |url=http://www.filmfare.com/features/winners-of-61st-idea-filmfare-awards-south-6712-1.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170519161743/http://www.filmfare.com/features/winners-of-61st-idea-filmfare-awards-south-6712.html |archive-date=19 May 2017 |access-date=22 January 2026 |website=[[Filmfare]] |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="6" |[[3rd South Indian International Movie Awards]]
|Best Debut Actress
|[[Sri Divya]]
|{{won}}
| rowspan="6" style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nominees |url=http://siima.in/nominations |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140909165951/http://siima.in/nominations |archive-date=9 September 2014 |access-date=22 January 2026 |website=[[South Indian International Movie Awards]] |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Winners List |url=http://siima.in/2014/winners.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170519165255/http://siima.in/2014/winners.html |archive-date=19 May 2017 |access-date=22 January 2026 |website=[[South Indian International Movie Awards]] |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|Best Actor in a Supporting Role
|[[Sathyaraj]]
|{{nom}}
|-
|Best Comedian
|[[Soori (actor)|Soori]]
|{{won}}
|-
|Best Music Director
|D. Imman
|{{nom}}
|-
|Best Male Playback Singer
|Hariharasudan (for "Oodha Color Ribbon")
|{{Nominated}}
|-
|Best Dance Choreographer
|[[Dinesh (choreographer)|Dinesh]] (for "Oodha Color Ribbon")
|{{Nominated}}
|-
| rowspan="6" |[[8th Vijay Awards]]
|[[Vijay Award for Best Comedian|Best Comedian]]
|Soori
|{{nom}}
| rowspan="6" style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MdW7jsLMvMs |title=Vijay Awards 07/27/14 |date=27 July 2014 |last=Vijay Television |author-link=Star Vijay |language=en |access-date=22 January 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250131061916/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MdW7jsLMvMs |archive-date=31 January 2025 |url-status=dead |via=[[YouTube]]}}</ref>
|-
|[[Vijay Award for Best Debut Actress|Best Debut Actress]]
|Sri Divya
|{{Nominated}}
|-
|[[Vijay Award for Best Music Director|Best Music Director]]
|D. Imman
|{{Nominated}}
|-
|[[Vijay Award for Entertainer of the Year|Entertainer of the Year]]
|[[Sivakarthikeyan]]
|{{Won}}
|-
|[[Vijay Award for Favourite Film|Favourite Film]]
|''Varuthapadatha Valibar Sangam''
|{{Nominated}}
|-
|[[Vijay Award for Favourite Song|Favourite Song]]
|"Oodha Colour Ribbon"
|{{Won}}
|}

In addition to these awards, the film won the Shri B Nagi Reddi Best Wholesome Entertainment Tamil Film Award.<ref>{{Cite news |date=10 April 2014 |title=Another laurel for Varuthapadatha Valibar Sangam |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/another-laurel-for-varuthapadatha-valibar-sangam/articleshow/33553463.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260107041033/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/another-laurel-for-varuthapadatha-valibar-sangam/articleshow/33553463.cms |archive-date=7 January 2026 |access-date=29 January 2026 |work=[[The Times of India]] |language=en}}</ref>

==Remakes==
The film was remade in [[Kannada]] as ''[[Adyaksha]]'' in 2014,<ref>{{Cite news |last=Joy |first=Prathibha |date=4 August 2017 |title=It was a no-brainer that Chikkanna had to be a part of Raj Vishnu: Sharan |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/it-was-a-no-brainer-that-chikkanna-had-to-be-a-part-of-raj-vishnu-sharan/articleshow/59899334.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211231032709/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/it-was-a-no-brainer-that-chikkanna-had-to-be-a-part-of-raj-vishnu-sharan/articleshow/59899334.cms |archive-date=31 December 2021 |access-date=14 June 2020 |work=[[The Times of India]] |language=en}}</ref> and the same year in Telugu as ''[[Current Theega]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Jeevi |title=Current Theega jeevi review |url=https://www.idlebrain.com/movie/archive/currenttheega.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250211050705/https://idlebrain.com/movie/archive/currenttheega.html |archive-date=11 February 2025 |access-date=28 January 2026 |website=[[Idlebrain.com]] |language=en}}</ref> A [[Tulu language|Tulu]] remake titled ''Jai Maruthi Yuvaka Mandala'' was completed by 2019 but remains unreleased.<ref>{{Cite web |date=21 March 2019 |title=Mangaluru: Tulu movie 'Jai Maruthi Yuvaka Mandala' – shooting completed |url=https://www.daijiworld.com/news/newsDisplay.aspx?newsID=572075 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260122051652/https://www.daijiworld.com/news/newsDisplay.aspx?newsID=572075 |archive-date=22 January 2026 |access-date=21 September 2025 |website=[[Daijiworld Media|Daijiworld.com]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Tulu film "Jai Maruthi Yuvaka Mandala" Muhurat to be held. |url=https://www.tulucinema.com/tulu-film-jai-maruthi-yuvaka-mandala-muhurat-to-be-held/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260120051405/https://www.tulucinema.com/tulu-film-jai-maruthi-yuvaka-mandala-muhurat-to-be-held/ |archive-date=20 January 2026 |access-date=1 March 2026 |website=TuluCinema.com |language=en}}</ref>
== Legacy ==
''Varuthapadatha Valibar Sangam'' catapulted Sivakarthikeyan to stardom and made him a [[bankable star]] in Tamil cinema.<ref>{{Cite news |date=7 September 2023 |title=Sivakarthikeyan celebrates 10 years of 'Varuthapadatha Valibar Sangam' with fans; see pics! |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/sivakarthikeyan-celebrates-10-years-of-varuthapadatha-valibar-sangam-with-fans-see-pics/articleshow/103460507.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250628110813/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/sivakarthikeyan-celebrates-10-years-of-varuthapadatha-valibar-sangam-with-fans-see-pics/articleshow/103460507.cms |archive-date=28 June 2025 |access-date=31 January 2026 |work=[[The Times of India]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=17 February 2023 |title=Happy Birthday Sivakarthikeyan: From Marina to Maaveeran, charting the rise and rise of the actor |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/photos/slideshows/2020/Feb/03/happy-birthday-sivakarthikeyan-from-marina-to-maaveeran-charting-the-rise-and-rise-of-the-actor-882.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250327181408/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/photos/slideshows/2020/Feb/03/happy-birthday-sivakarthikeyan-from-marina-to-maaveeran-charting-the-rise-and-rise-of-the-actor-882.html |archive-date=27 March 2025 |access-date=31 January 2026 |website=[[Cinema Express]] |language=en}}</ref> Despite his and Soori's previous collaborations in ''Manam Kothi Paravai'' and ''Kedi Billa Killadi Ranga'', this film garnered significant attention for their on-screen chemistry with the punchlines by Soori becoming popular.<ref>{{Cite web |date=28 August 2019 |title=Happy Birthday Soori: 20 times the actor tickled our funny bones |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/photos/slideshows/2019/Aug/28/happy-birthday-soori-20-times-the-actor-tickled-our-funny-bones-520.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250609121654/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/photos/slideshows/2019/Aug/28/happy-birthday-soori-20-times-the-actor-tickled-our-funny-bones-520.html |archive-date=9 June 2025 |access-date=31 January 2026 |website=[[Cinema Express]] |language=en}}</ref> Soori noted that his chemistry with the actor was similar to that of Sathyaraj and [[Goundamani]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=1 November 2021 |title=Soori: My chemistry with Sivakarthikeyan is like what Goundamani and Sathyaraj share |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/soori-my-chemistry-with-sivakarthikeyan-is-like-what-goundamani-and-sathyaraj-share/articleshow/87471181.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220501082923/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/soori-my-chemistry-with-sivakarthikeyan-is-like-what-goundamani-and-sathyaraj-share/articleshow/87471181.cms |archive-date=1 May 2022 |access-date=31 January 2026 |work=[[The Times of India]] |language=en}}</ref> The film's success led Sivakarthikeyan and Soori to collaborate with Ponram for two other films: ''[[Rajinimurugan]]'' (2016) and ''[[Seemaraja]]'' (2018).<ref>{{Cite news |last=Naig |first=Udhav |date=18 June 2015 |title=Sivakarthikeyan set to entertain again |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/sivakarthikeyan-set-to-entertain-again/article7331614.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260225085925/https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/sivakarthikeyan-set-to-entertain-again/article7331614.ece |archive-date=25 February 2026 |access-date=31 January 2026 |work=[[The Hindu]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=13 September 2018 |title=Seema Raja Photo: Sivakarthikeyan unveils Soori's six pack for 'Seema Raja' |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/photo-sivakarthikeyan-unveils-sooris-six-pack-for-seema-raja/articleshow/65795105.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181113093553/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/photo-sivakarthikeyan-unveils-sooris-six-pack-for-seema-raja/articleshow/65795105.cms |archive-date=13 November 2018 |access-date=12 November 2018 |work=[[The Times of India]] |language=en}}</ref> In late 2013, a [[Tiruppur]]-based [[Minor (law)|minor]] stopped her wedding in a manner that the media noted was similar to ''Varuthapadatha Valibar Sangam'', which the girl had watched. Sivakarthikeyan commented, "I am happy that my film has influenced people's life in a great way" and called [[Child marriage in India|child marriages]] illegal.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Balachandran |first=Logesh |date=3 December 2013 |title=Sivakarthikeyan: Comedy films can be purposeful too |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/131203/entertainment-kollywood/article/sivakarthikeyan-comedy-films-can-be-purposeful-too |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131206063604/https://www.deccanchronicle.com/131203/entertainment-kollywood/article/sivakarthikeyan-comedy-films-can-be-purposeful-too |archive-date=6 December 2013 |access-date=5 February 2026 |website=[[Deccan Chronicle]] |language=en}}</ref>

==In other media==
A comic book adaptation of ''Varuthapadatha Valibar Sangam'' was published by Naveena Publications in August 2018. Ponram worked with the [[storyboard artist|storyboard team]] of ''Seemaraja'' for around six months to complete all of the artwork.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Prabhu |first=Mani |date=23 August 2018 |title=Sivakarthikeyan-Ponram film gets comic book adaptation |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/2018/Aug/23/sivakarthikeyan-ponram-film-gets-comic-book-adaptation-1861405.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260122041256/https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/2018/Aug/23/sivakarthikeyan-ponram-film-gets-comic-book-adaptation-1861405.html |archive-date=22 January 2026 |access-date=30 May 2025 |website=[[The New Indian Express]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Menon |first=Thinkal |date=26 August 2018 |title=Kollywood's comic connection |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/kollywoods-comic-connection/articleshow/65544767.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210226045602/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/kollywoods-comic-connection/articleshow/65544767.cms |archive-date=26 February 2021 |access-date=14 June 2020 |work=[[The Times of India]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Subramanian |first=Anupama |date=24 August 2018 |title=Sivakarthikeyan is now a comic book hero |url=http://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/kollywood/240818/sivakarthikeyan-is-now-a-comic-book-hero.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220131081956/http://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/kollywood/240818/sivakarthikeyan-is-now-a-comic-book-hero.html |archive-date=31 January 2022 |access-date=5 February 2026 |work=[[Deccan Chronicle]] |language=en}}</ref> In a scene from the Tamil film ''[[Maan Karate]]'' (2014) also starring Sivakarthikeyan, [[Yogi Babu]] teases him by singing "Oodha Colour Ribbon".<ref>{{Cite AV media |title=Maan Karate |type=motion picture |language=ta |publisher=AR Murugadoss Productions |year=2014 |time=1:25:50}}</ref> In ''Rajinimurugan'', Sivakarthikeyan, besides playing the title character, reprised his role of Bosepandi for a cameo.<ref>{{Cite news |date=13 February 2020 |title=Sivakarthikeyan to appear in three different roles for the first time in 'Ayalaan' |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/sivakarthikeyan-to-appear-in-three-different-roles-for-the-first-time-in-ayalaan/articleshow/74113964.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200214162521/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/sivakarthikeyan-to-appear-in-three-different-roles-for-the-first-time-in-ayalaan/articleshow/74113964.cms |archive-date=14 February 2020 |access-date=22 January 2026 |work=[[The Times of India]] |language=en}}</ref>

== Potential sequel ==
Ponram initially discussed regarding plans for a sequel in late 2021.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Vithaspa |first=Samayeshwari |date=7 October 2021 |title=Varuthapadatha Valibar Sangam: Filmmaker Ponram in plans to develop a sequel to the Sivakarthikeyan starrer |url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/varuthapadatha-valibar-sangam-filmmaker-ponram-in-plans-to-develop-a-sequel-to-the-sivakarthikeyan-starrer/d4f5915c91352 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211026093824/https://www.ottplay.com/news/varuthapadatha-valibar-sangam-filmmaker-ponram-in-plans-to-develop-a-sequel-to-the-sivakarthikeyan-starrer/d4f5915c91352 |archive-date=26 October 2021 |access-date=31 January 2026 |website=[[OTTPlay]] |language=en}}</ref> During the promotions of his directorial ''[[Kombuseevi]]'' (2025), he stated that the sequel was still in development stage.<ref>{{Cite news |date=14 December 2025 |title=Ponram CONFIRMS plans for 'Varuthapadatha Valibar Sangam 2'; will it be a continuation of the prequel? director answers |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/ponram-confirms-plans-for-varuthapadatha-valibar-sangam-2-will-it-be-a-continuation-of-the-prequel-director-answers/articleshow/125961074.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260103131129/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/ponram-confirms-plans-for-varuthapadatha-valibar-sangam-2-will-it-be-a-continuation-of-the-prequel-director-answers/articleshow/125961074.cms |archive-date=3 January 2026 |access-date=31 January 2026 |work=[[The Times of India]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=15 December 2025 |title=Director Ponram confirms Varuthapadatha Valibar Sangam 2 is under development |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2025/Dec/15/director-ponram-confirms-varuthapadatha-valibar-sangam-2-is-under-development |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260131173627/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2025/Dec/15/director-ponram-confirms-varuthapadatha-valibar-sangam-2-is-under-development |archive-date=31 January 2026 |access-date=31 January 2026 |website=[[Cinema Express]] |language=en}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title}}
* {{Rotten Tomatoes}}

{{Ponram}}

[[Category:2013 films]]
[[Category:2013 Indian films]]
[[Category:2013 romantic comedy films]]
[[Category:2013 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:Fiction with unreliable narrators]]
[[Category:Films about honor killing]]
[[Category:Films about the caste system in India]]
[[Category:Films adapted into comics]]
[[Category:Films directed by Ponram]]
[[Category:Films scored by D. Imman]]
[[Category:Films shot in Chennai]]
[[Category:Films shot in Theni]]
[[Category:Films shot in Tiruchirappalli]]
[[Category:Indian nonlinear narrative films]]
[[Category:Indian romantic comedy films]]
[[Category:Tamil films remade in other languages]]
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language romantic comedy films]]

Godrej Properties

2026-05-05T07:18:11Z

Vilianaizi: stub

{{short description|Indian real estate developer}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2018}}{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2025}}
{{Infobox company
| name = Godrej Properties Limited
| logo = Godrej Properties.svg
| logo_size =
| type = [[Public company|Public]]
| traded_as = {{ubl|{{BSE|533150}}|{{NSE|GODREJPROP}}}}
| foundation = {{Start date|df=yes|1990|01|01}}
| founder = [[Adi Godrej]]
| location_city = Mumbai
| location_country = India
| locations = 12
| area_served = India
| key_people = [[Adi Godrej]] (Chairman, [[Godrej Group]]), Gaurav Pandey (Managing Director & CEO)
| industry = Real estate
| products = Residential buildings, Commercial complex, Township;
| revenue = {{profit}} {{INRConvert|3036|c}} (2024)<ref name="fy23"/>
| operating_income = {{increase}}{{INRConvert|973|c}} (2024)<ref name="fy23"/>
| net_income = {{profit}} {{INRConvert|719|c}} (2024)<ref name="fy23">{{cite news |title=Godrej Properties posts 58% jump in Q4 net profit at Rs 412 crore |url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/business/earnings/godrej-properties-posts-58-jump-in-q4-net-profit-at-rs-412-crore-10521271.html |access-date=27 June 2023 |work=Moneycontrol |date=3 May 2023 |language=en}}</ref>
| aum = 
| assets = {{profit}} {{INRConvert| 35734|c}} (2024)<ref name=" Annual report 2016-17 ">{{cite news|title= Godrej Properties|work=Business Line|location=Chennai|access-date=5 June 2017|url=http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/companies/godrej-properties-posts-rs-63-cr-net-profit/article9680483.ece}}</ref>
| equity = {{up}} {{INRConvert|9992|c}} (2024)<ref name=" Annual report 16-17 ">{{cite news|title= Annual report 2016|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/godrej-properties-ltd/yearly/companyid-5733.cms}}</ref>
| owner =
| num_employees = 2000+ (as of 2019)<ref name=" Annual report 10-11 ">{{cite news|title= Annual report 10-11 |publisher=Godrej Properties|accessdate=18 December 2017 |url=http://www.bseindia.com/bseplus/AnnualReport/533150/5331500311.pdf}}</ref>
| parent = [[Godrej Industries Group]]
| divisions =
| subsid =
| homepage = {{URL|https://www.godrejproperties.com/}}
| footnotes =
}}
'''Godrej Properties Limited''' is an Indian real estate company headquartered in Mumbai.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Khan |first=Arshad |date=2026-01-15 |title=Godrej Properties boasts top spot in India’s residential market for 2025 |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/business/2026/Jan/15/godrej-properties-boasts-top-spot-in-indias-residential-market-for-2025 |access-date=2026-05-02 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> A subsidiary of [[Godrej Industries Group]], it operates in the residential, commercial, and township development sectors across major Indian cities.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Karmali |first=Naazneen |title=Pirojsha Godrej Builds On His Billionaire Family's Name |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/naazneenkarmali/2012/08/29/pirojsha-godrej-builds-on-his-billionaire-familys-name/ |access-date=2026-05-02 |language=en|archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20260426200539/https://www.forbes.com/sites/naazneenkarmali/2012/08/29/pirojsha-godrej-builds-on-his-billionaire-familys-name/|archive-date=2026-04-26|work=Forbes}}</ref> The company is listed on the [[Bombay Stock Exchange]] (BSE) and the [[National Stock Exchange of India|National Stock Exchange]] (NSE).<ref>{{Cite news |last=Karmali |first=Naazneen |title=Pirojsha Godrej Builds On His Billionaire Family's Name |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/naazneenkarmali/2012/08/29/pirojsha-godrej-builds-on-his-billionaire-familys-name/ |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20260426200539/https://www.forbes.com/sites/naazneenkarmali/2012/08/29/pirojsha-godrej-builds-on-his-billionaire-familys-name/ |archive-date=2026-04-26 |access-date=2026-05-02 |work=Forbes |language=en}}</ref>

== History ==
Godrej Properties was established in 1990 as the real estate development arm of the [[Godrej Enterprises Group|Godrej Group]], a diversified Indian conglomerate founded in 1897.<ref>{{Cite web |date=27 February 2025 |title=Godrej Properties - Hem Securities Research (Analyst Report) |url=https://hemadmin.hemsecurities.com/images/Files/CompanyReports/1165P.pdf |website=Hem Securities Research}}</ref>

In 2010, the company went public following an [[initial public offering]] that raised approximately US$100 million.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Kumar |first=John Satish |date=2010-01-05 |title=Godrej Properties in Robust Debut; Boost for Sector - WSJ |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB126266924947516147 |access-date=2026-05-02 |work=Wall Street Journal |language=en-US |issn=0099-9660}}</ref> Since 2012, the company has been led by Executive Chairman Pirojsha Adi Godrej, a fourth-generation member of the [[Godrej family]], who joined the [[Godrej Enterprises Group|Godrej Group]] in 2004.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Datta |first=Aveek |date=February 2, 2017 |title=Pirojsha Godrej takes over as Godrej Properties chairman |url=https://www.forbesindia.com/article/special/pirojsha-godrej-takes-over-as-godrej-properties-chairman/45731/1 |access-date=2026-05-02 |website=Forbes India |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":22">{{Cite web |last=Nandy |first=Madhurima |date=2024-05-14 |title=How Pirojsha Godrej changed India’s real estate business {{!}} Company Business News |url=https://www.livemint.com/companies/news/how-pirojsha-godrej-changed-india-s-real-estate-business-11715681214765.html |access-date=2026-05-02 |website=mint |language=en}}</ref>

Over the years, the company has developed residential, commercial, and township projects across multiple cities in India, including the Mumbai Metropolitan Region and Pune.<ref name=":0" />

In 2025, the company acquired approximately 75 acres of land in [[Nagpur]] for the development of a plotted township project.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Mishra |first=Lalatendu |date=2025-11-21 |title=Godrej Properties buys 75 acres land in Nagpur for plotted township project |url=https://www.thehindu.com/business/Industry/godrej-properties-buys-75-acres-land-in-nagpur-for-plotted-township-project/article70306031.ece |access-date=2026-05-02 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> In 2026, it acquired an 8.5-acre land parcel in [[Mahalunge]], Pune, through an outright purchase.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kumar |first=Chitranjan |date=2026-01-30 |title=Godrej Properties acquires 8.5 acre Pune land with ₹2,000 crore revenue potential |url=https://www.fortuneindia.com/business-news/godrej-properties-acquires-85-acre-pune-land-with-2000-crore-revenue-potential/129909 |access-date=2026-05-02 |website=Fortune India |language=en}}</ref>

== Operations ==
The company operates in 12 cities across India, including the Mumbai Metropolitan Region (MMR), Delhi-NCR, Pune, Bengaluru, and Hyderabad.<ref name=":22" />

In 2025, GPL reported sales bookings of ₹34,171 crore.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2026-01-15 |title=Godrej Properties retains top spot in Indian residential real estate market |url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/real-estate/godrej-properties-retains-top-spot-in-indian-residential-real-estate-market/article70512515.ece |access-date=2026-05-02 |website=BusinessLine |language=en}}</ref> In February 2026, the company announced a joint development agreement for an 18-acre land parcel in Thane, within the [[Mumbai Metropolitan Region]] (MMR).<ref>{{Cite web |last=R Thakkar |first=Mehul |date=2026-02-23 |title=Godrej Properties signs JDA for 18-acre Thane project with ₹7,500 crore revenue potential |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/real-estate/godrej-properties-inks-jda-for-18-acres-of-land-in-thane-near-mumbai-with-revenue-potential-of-rs-7-500-crore-101771822752933.html |access-date=2026-05-02 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref>

== Capital raising ==
In June 2018, GPL raised ₹1,000 crore through a private placement,<ref>{{Cite news |last=Babar |first=Kailash |date=2021-09-30 |title=Godrej Properties inks redevelopment pact for 7.5-acre project in Mumbai’s Wadala |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/services/property-/-cstruction/godrej-properties-inks-redevelopment-pact-for-7-5-acre-project-in-mumbais-wadala/articleshow/86603964.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2026-05-02 |work=The Economic Times |issn=0013-0389}}</ref> followed by ₹2,100 crore through a [[Qualified institutional placement]] (QIP) in 2019 and ₹3,750 crore through another QIP to institutional in March 2021.<ref name=":22" />

In December 2024, the company raised ₹6,000 crore through a further QIP.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bhutra |first=Sonal |last2=Fatakia |first2=Hormaz |date=2024-10-01 |title=Godrej Properties approves ₹6,000 crore fund raise through various methods - CNBC TV18 |url=https://www.cnbctv18.com/market/godrej-properties-share-price-6000-crore-fund-raise-qip-fpo-tranches-q1-net-debt-guidance-19485425.htm |access-date=2026-05-02 |website=CNBCTV18 |language=en}}</ref>

== Projects ==
* [[Godrej BKC]], Mumbai
* [[Planet Godrej]], Mahalaxmi, Mumbai
* Godrej Garden City, Ahmedabad
* Godrej MSR City, Bengaluru
* Godrej City, Panvel, Maharashtra
* Godrej Woodsman Estate, Bengaluru
* Godrej Prakriti, Kolkata

== Recognition ==
The company was included in the [[Fortune India 500]] rankings in 2012, 2014, 2015, 2016,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Fortune India 500 2012: This Year's Top Performing Companies |url=https://www.fortuneindia.com/rankings/fortune-500/2012 |access-date=2026-05-02 |website=Fortune India |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Fortune India 500 2014: This Year's Top Performing Companies |url=https://www.fortuneindia.com/rankings/fortune-500/2014 |access-date=2026-05-02 |website=Fortune India |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Fortune India 500 2015: This Year's Top Performing Companies |url=https://www.fortuneindia.com/rankings/fortune-500/2015 |access-date=2026-05-02 |website=Fortune India |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Fortune India 500 2016: This Year's Top Performing Companies |url=https://www.fortuneindia.com/rankings/fortune-500/2016 |access-date=2026-05-02 |website=Fortune India |language=en}}</ref> and consecutively from 2020 to 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Fortune India 500 2020: This Year's Top Performing Companies |url=https://www.fortuneindia.com/rankings/fortune-500/2020 |access-date=2026-05-02 |website=Fortune India |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Fortune India 500 2021: This Year's Top Performing Companies |url=https://www.fortuneindia.com/rankings/fortune-500/2021 |access-date=2026-05-02 |website=Fortune India |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Fortune India 500 2022: This Year's Top Performing Companies |url=https://www.fortuneindia.com/rankings/fortune-500/2022 |access-date=2026-05-02 |website=Fortune India |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Fortune India 500 2023: This Year's Top Performing Companies |url=https://www.fortuneindia.com/rankings/fortune-500/2023 |access-date=2026-05-02 |website=Fortune India |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Fortune India 500 2024: This Year's Top Performing Companies |url=https://www.fortuneindia.com/rankings/fortune-500/2024 |access-date=2026-05-02 |website=Fortune India |language=en}}</ref>

In 2025, the company was ranked among the developers in the GROHE-Hurun India Real Estate 150 report by total area developed.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-08-01 |title=DLF’s Rajiv Singh Tops 2025 Grohe-Hurun India Real Estate Rich List, Followed by Lodha, Adani Families |url=https://therealtytoday.com/news/trending/dlfs-rajiv-singh-tops-2025-grohe-hurun-india-real-estate-rich-list-followed-by-lodha-adani-families/ |access-date=2026-05-02 |website=The Realty Today |language=en-US}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{Official website|https://www.godrejproperties.com/}}

{{commons category}}
{{Godrej Group}}
{{Nifty 200 companies}}

[[Category:Real estate and property developers]]
[[Category:Real estate companies of India]]
[[Category:Real estate companies based in Mumbai]]
[[Category:Godrej Group]]
[[Category:Indian companies established in 1990]]
[[Category:1990 establishments in Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Real estate companies established in 1990]]
[[Category:Companies listed on the National Stock Exchange of India]]
[[Category:Companies listed on the Bombay Stock Exchange]]

{{India-company-stub}}

Karundia -ilia

2026-05-04T07:37:04Z

Vilianaizi: added initial info more to come

{{Multiple issues|{{Orphan|date=May 2020}}
{{More citations needed|date=May 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2018}}
}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Karundia
| native_name = Karundia -Ilia -Tazia mela
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Village
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Bihar#India
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Bihar]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Kaimur district|Kaimur]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 74
| population_total =
| population_as_of =
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Bhojpuri language|Bhojpuri]], [[Hindi language|Hindi]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30

}}

'''Karundia''' is a large village in the Chand block of [[Kaimur district|Kaimur]] of Bihar in [[India]].<ref>{{cite web |date=2011 |title=Primary Census Abstract Data Tables – India: Final Population Totals |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/42554/download/46180/2011-IndiaStateDistSbDistVill-0000.xlsx |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220711042331/https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/42554/download/46180/2011-IndiaStateDistSbDistVill-0000.xlsx |archive-date=11 July 2022 |access-date=27 April 2025 |website=Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India |publisher=Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India}}</ref> It belongs to the Patna Division. It is located 30 km towards west from the district headquarters of Bhabua and is located at a distance of 172 km from the state capital Patna.

Karundia is famous for annual kali Pooja &Tazia (fair) mela.

==History==
Karundia was a part of the Rohitash district before 1991. Karundia is a border of kaimur district of Bihar and Uttar chandauli district of uttar Pradesh.
This village belongs to the kargil martyred Saheed kamaludin.

==Economy==
70% population are based on an agricultural income, 10% of the population are based on small scale business, and 20% are professionals.

==Related pages==
*[[Kaimur district|Kaimur]]

==References==
<references/>

{{coord missing|Bihar}}

[[Category:Villages in Kaimur district]]

K. S. Rao Road

2026-05-01T06:52:38Z

Vilianaizi: added the biography needs work...

{{Short description|Road in India}}
{{more citations needed|date=November 2018}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2018}}
[[File:City Center Premises Mangalore.jpg|thumb|380x380px|K S Rao Road near [[City Centre, Mangaluru|City Centre Mall]] decorated during [[Mangaluru Dasara]]]]

[[File:A view of KS Rao Road, Mangalore .jpg|thumb|A view of KS Rao Road, Mangaluru]]
'''Karnad Sadashiva Rao Road''', abbreviated as '''K S Rao Road''', is a popular arterial road in [[Mangaluru]], India. It runs from PVS Circle at one end to [[Hampankatta]] on the other where it joins Maidan Road near Mangaluru Central Railway Station. This road is named after the [[Indian freedom fighters|Indian freedom]] fighter [[Karnad Sadashiva Rao]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Mangalore/a-road-is-all-that-remains-in-memory-of-karnad-sadashiva-rao/article7539123.ece|title=A road is all that remains in memory of Karnad Sadashiva Rao|last=Sastry|first=Anil Kumar|date=2015-08-14|newspaper=The Hindu|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X|access-date=2016-11-13}}</ref>

Many commercial buildings and shopping malls are situated adjacent to this road.

== Notable buildings ==
* [[City Centre, Mangaluru|City Centre Mall]]

== See also ==
* [[Mahatma Gandhi Road (Mangaluru)]]
* [[Pilikula Nisargadhama]]
* [[Kadri Park]]
* [[Tagore Park]]
* [[St. Aloysius Chapel]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Roads in Mangalore]]

{{Mangalore-geo-stub}}

1981–82 Ranji Trophy

2026-04-30T12:29:56Z

Vilianaizi: new post.

{{Use British English|date=December 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2026}}
{{Infobox cricket tournament
| name = 1981-82 Ranji Trophy
| image = Ranji_trophy.jpg
| imagesize = 285px
| fromdate =
| todate =
| caption = The Ranji Trophy, which the winners get.
| administrator = [[Board of Control for Cricket in India|BCCI]]
| cricket format = [[First-class cricket]]
| tournament format = League and [[Single-elimination tournament|knockout]]
| host =
| champions = [[Delhi cricket team|Delhi]]
| count = 3
| participants = 24
| matches =
| attendance =
| player of the series =
| most runs = [[Sunil Gavaskar]] (Bombay) (632)<ref>{{cite web|title=Ranji Trophy, 1981/82 / Records / Most runs |url-access=subscription |url=https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Events/1/Ranji_Trophy_1981-82/Batting_by_Runs.html|access-date=13 December 2014}}</ref>
| most wickets = [[Raghuram Bhat]] (Karnataka) (41)<ref>{{cite web|title=Ranji Trophy, 1981/82 / Records / Most wickets |url-access=subscription |url=https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Events/1/Ranji_Trophy_1981-82/Bowling_by_Wickets.html|access-date=13 December 2014}}</ref>
| website =
| previous_year = 1980–81
| previous_tournament = 1980–81 Ranji Trophy
| next_year = 1982–83
| next_tournament = 1982–83 Ranji Trophy
}}

The '''1981–82 Ranji Trophy''' was the 48th season of the [[Ranji Trophy]]. The final between [[Delhi cricket team|Delhi]] and [[Karnataka cricket team|Karnataka]] went into a sixth day before Delhi won on first innings lead.<ref name="result">{{cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/magazine/content/story/149958.html |title=Yet another World Cup for Australia |access-date=29 March 2017 |work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/ask-steven-what-the-lowest-total-successfully-defended-in-the-ipl-1280950 |title=What's the lowest total successfully defended in the IPL? |work=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=6 October 2021}}</ref>

==Highlights==
* The final between Delhi and Karnataka was extended to a sixth day to allow the first innings to be decided. Delhi took the lead on the sixth day.
* [[Raghuram Bhat]] of Karnataka took a hat-trick in the semifinal against [[Mumbai cricket team|Bombay]] in the semifinal. Towards the end of the match, [[Sunil Gavaskar]] batted left handed.<ref>[http://static.espncricinfo.com/db/ARCHIVE/1980S/1981-82/IND_LOCAL/RANJI/KNOCK-OUTS/KNTKA_BOM_RJI-SEMI2_11-14MAR1982.html Karnataka v Delhi]</ref>
*[[Laxman Sivaramakrishnan]] took 7 wickets for 28 runs on his debut in first class cricket, for [[Tamil Nadu cricket team|Tamil Nadu]] against Delhi in the quarter-final. Delhi won by 20 runs despite being bowled out for 117 in the second innings.<ref>[http://static.espncricinfo.com/db/ARCHIVE/1980S/1981-82/IND_LOCAL/RANJI/KNOCK-OUTS/TN_DELHI_RJI-QF2_25-28FEB1982.html Tamil Nadu v Delhi]</ref>

The Tamil Nadu - Delhi match at the [[M. A. Chidambaram Stadium]] saw two crowd incidents. [[T. E. Srinivasan]] was given out off the last ball of the second day. As the players came off, the crowd invaded the ground and the pavilion shouting slogans against the umpires and the Delhi captain [[Mohinder Amarnath]], dispersing only after an hour. On the fourth day, [[S. Vasudevan]] was given out caught off the pad the crowd again invaded the field. The "umpires were manhandled, chairs thrown on to the field and benches wrenched apart" before the police intervened.<ref>Partab Ramchand, ''The Guardians of the Game Meet'', Sportworld, 4 August 1982, p.37</ref>

==Group stage==
{{col-begin}}
{{col-3}}

===South Zone===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! style="width:160px"|Team
! style="width:25px"|{{abbr|Pld|Played}}
! style="width:25px"|{{abbr|W|Won}}
! style="width:25px"|{{abbr|L|Lost}}
! style="width:25px"|{{abbr|D|Draw}}
! style="width:25px"|{{abbr|T|Tied}}
! style="width:25px"|{{abbr|NR|No Result}}
! style="width:25px"|{{abbr|Pts|Points}}
! style="width:25px;"|{{Abbr|Q|Quotient}}
|- style="background:#cfc;"
|style="text-align:left"|[[Tamil Nadu cricket team|Tamil Nadu]]
| 4 || 2 || 0 || 2 || 0 || 0 || '''27''' || 1.617
|- style="background:#cfc;"
|style="text-align:left"|[[Karnataka cricket team|Karnataka]]
| 4 || 2 || 0 || 2 || 0 || 0 || '''26''' || 1.414
|-
|style="text-align:left"|[[Hyderabad cricket team|Hyderabad]]
| 4 || 2 || 0 || 2 || 0 || 0 || '''23''' || 1.166
|-
|style="text-align:left"|[[Kerala cricket team|Kerala]]
| 4 || 1 || 3 || 0 || 0 || 0 || '''8''' || 0.609
|-
|style="text-align:left"|[[Andhra cricket team|Andhra]]
| 4 || 0 || 4 || 0 || 0 || 0 || '''0''' || 0.708
|}

===West Zone===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! style="width:160px"|Team
! style="width:25px"|{{abbr|Pld|Played}}
! style="width:25px"|{{abbr|W|Won}}
! style="width:25px"|{{abbr|L|Lost}}
! style="width:25px"|{{abbr|D|Draw}}
! style="width:25px"|{{abbr|T|Tied}}
! style="width:25px"|{{abbr|NR|No Result}}
! style="width:25px"|{{abbr|Pts|Points}}
! style="width:25px;"|{{Abbr|Q|Quotient}}
|- style="background:#cfc;"
|style="text-align:left"|[[Bombay cricket team|Bombay]]
| 4 || 2 || 0 || 2 || 0 || 0 || '''27''' || 3.892
|- style="background:#cfc;"
|style="text-align:left"|[[Saurashtra cricket team|Saurashtra]]
| 4 || 2 || 0 || 2 || 0 || 0 || '''22''' || 0.848
|-
|style="text-align:left"|[[Baroda cricket team|Baroda]]
| 4 || 1 || 1 || 2 || 0 || 0 || '''14''' || 1.010
|-
|style="text-align:left"|[[Maharashtra cricket team|Maharashtra]]
| 4 || 0 || 1 || 3 || 0 || 0 || '''13''' || 0.909
|-
|style="text-align:left"|[[Gujarat cricket team|Gujarat]]
| 4 || 0 || 3 || 1 || 0 || 0 || '''5''' || 0.428
|}

===North Zone===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! style="width:160px"|Team
! style="width:25px"|{{abbr|Pld|Played}}
! style="width:25px"|{{abbr|W|Won}}
! style="width:25px"|{{abbr|L|Lost}}
! style="width:25px"|{{abbr|D|Draw}}
! style="width:25px"|{{abbr|T|Tied}}
! style="width:25px"|{{abbr|NR|No Result}}
! style="width:25px"|{{abbr|Pts|Points}}
! style="width:25px;"|{{Abbr|Q|Quotient}}
|- style="background:#cfc;"
|style="text-align:left"|[[Delhi cricket team|Delhi]]
| 4 || 1 || 0 || 3 || 0 || 0 || '''24''' || 2.218
|- style="background:#cfc;"
|style="text-align:left"|[[Punjab cricket team (India)|Punjab]]
| 4 || 2 || 0 || 2 || 0 || 0 || '''24''' || 1.738
|-
|style="text-align:left"|[[Haryana cricket team|Haryana]]
| 4 || 2 || 0 || 2 || 0 || 0 || '''24''' || 1.649
|-
|style="text-align:left"|[[Services cricket team|Services]]
| 4 || 1 || 2 || 1 || 0 || 0 || '''11''' || 0.628
|-
|style="text-align:left"|[[Jammu and Kashmir cricket team|Jammu and Kashmir]]
| 4 || 0 || 4 || 0 || 0 || 0 || '''0''' || 0.222
|}
{{col-2}}

===Central Zone===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! style="width:160px"|Team
! style="width:25px"|{{abbr|Pld|Played}}
! style="width:25px"|{{abbr|W|Won}}
! style="width:25px"|{{abbr|L|Lost}}
! style="width:25px"|{{abbr|D|Draw}}
! style="width:25px"|{{abbr|T|Tied}}
! style="width:25px"|{{abbr|NR|No Result}}
! style="width:25px"|{{abbr|Pts|Points}}
! style="width:25px;"|{{Abbr|Q|Quotient}}
|- style="background:#cfc;"
|style="text-align:left"|[[Railways cricket team|Railways]]
| 4 || 2 || 0 || 2 || 0 || 0 || '''27''' || 1.649
|- style="background:#cfc;"
|style="text-align:left"|[[Uttar Pradesh cricket team|Uttar Pradesh]]
| 4 || 2 || 0 || 2 || 0 || 0 || '''22''' || 1.227
|-
|style="text-align:left"|[[Rajasthan cricket team|Rajasthan]]
| 4 || 2 || 2 || 0 || 0 || 0 || '''16''' || 0.955
|-
|style="text-align:left"|[[Madhya Pradesh cricket team|Madhya Pradesh]]
| 4 || 0 || 1 || 3 || 0 || 0 || '''13''' || 0.817
|-
|style="text-align:left"|[[Vidarbha cricket team|Vidarbha]]
| 4 || 0 || 3 || 1 || 0 || 0 || '''3''' || 0.554
|}

===East Zone===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! style="width:160px"|Team
! style="width:25px"|{{abbr|Pld|Played}}
! style="width:25px"|{{abbr|W|Won}}
! style="width:25px"|{{abbr|L|Lost}}
! style="width:25px"|{{abbr|D|Draw}}
! style="width:25px"|{{abbr|T|Tied}}
! style="width:25px"|{{abbr|NR|No Result}}
! style="width:25px"|{{abbr|Pts|Points}}
! style="width:25px;"|{{Abbr|Q|Quotient}}
|- style="background:#cfc;"
|style="text-align:left"|[[Bihar cricket team|Bihar]]
| 3 || 2 || 0 || 1 || 0 || 0 || '''18''' || 2.039
|- style="background:#cfc;"
|style="text-align:left"|[[Bengal cricket team|Bengal]]
| 3 || 1 || 0 || 2 || 0 || 0 || '''15''' || 1.723
|-
|style="text-align:left"|[[Orissa cricket team|Orissa]]
| 3 || 1 || 1 || 1 || 0 || 0 || '''11''' || 0.711
|-
|style="text-align:left"|[[Assam cricket team|Assam]]
| 3 || 0 || 3 || 0 || 0 || 0 || '''0''' || 0.489
|}
{{col-end}}

== Knockout stage ==
{{Round16

| seed-width = 25px
| team-width = 150px
| score-width = 100px

|||||
|||||
|11 Feb 1982 — Madras|'''[[Tamil Nadu cricket team|Tamil Nadu]]'''|'''287 & 378'''|[[Uttar Pradesh cricket team|Uttar Pradesh]]|195 & 229
|||||
|||||
|||||
|||||
|15 Feb 1982 — Delhi|[[Railways cricket team|Railways]]|171 & 325|'''[[Bengal cricket team|Bengal]]'''|'''244 & 253/4'''

|25 Feb 1982 — Jamshedpur|'''[[Bihar cricket team|Bihar]]'''|'''581/5d'''|[[Saurashtra cricket team|Saurashtra]]|383 & 155/1
|25 Feb 1982 — Madras|[[Tamil Nadu cricket team|Tamil Nadu]]|298 & 213|'''[[Delhi cricket team|Delhi]]'''|'''414 & 117'''
|25 Feb 1982 — Bangalore|'''[[Karnataka cricket team|Karnataka]]'''|'''422'''|[[Punjab cricket team (India)|Punjab]]|130 & 125
|25 Feb 1982 — Bombay|'''[[Bombay cricket team|Bombay]]'''|'''652/6d'''|[[Bengal cricket team|Bengal]]|252 & 219

|11 Mar 1982 — Jamshedpur|[[Bihar cricket team|Bihar]]|180 & 133|'''[[Delhi cricket team|Delhi]]'''|'''483/8d'''
|11 Mar 1982 — Bangalore|'''[[Karnataka cricket team|Karnataka]]'''|'''470'''|[[Bombay cricket team|Bombay]]|271 & 200/9d

|24 Mar 1982 — Delhi|'''[[Delhi cricket team|Delhi]]'''|'''707/8'''|[[Karnataka cricket team|Karnataka]]|705

|skipmatch01=yes|skipmatch02=yes|skipmatch03=no|skipmatch04=yes|skipmatch05=yes|skipmatch06=yes|skipmatch07=yes|skipmatch08=no
|RD1 = Pre-Quarter-finals|RD2 = Quarter-finals|RD3 = Semi-finals|RD4 = Finals
|3rdplace=no}}

===Final===

{{Test match
| date = 24–29 March 1982
| team1 = [[Karnataka cricket team|Karnataka]]
| team2 = [[Delhi cricket team|Delhi]] (H)
| score-team1-inns1 = '''705 (255.5 overs)'''
| runs-team1-inns1 = [[Roger Binny]] 115, [[Brijesh Patel]] 124, [[Syed Kirmani]] 116, [[Ranjit Khanwilkar]] 113
| wickets-team1-inns1 = [[Rakesh Shukla (cricketer)|Rakesh Shukla]] 3/158
| score-team2-inns1 = '''707/8 (252.5 overs)'''
| runs-team2-inns1 = [[Gursharan Singh]] 101, [[Mohinder Amarnath]] 185
| wickets-team2-inns1 = [[Roger Binny]] 3/134
| result = Delhi won on first innings lead
| venue = [[Feroz Shah Kotla]], [[Delhi]]
| umpires = [[Dara Dotiwalla]], [[Padmakar Pandit]]
| motm =
| report = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/ranji-trophy-1981-82-550293/delhi-vs-karnataka-final-550294/full-scorecard Scorecard]
| toss = Karnataka won the toss and decided to bat
| rain =
| notes = The match was extended to a sixth day to get a result.
}}

==Scorecards and averages==
*[https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Events/1/Ranji_Trophy_1981-82.html CricketArchive]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Ranji Trophy Seasons}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:1981-82 Ranji Trophy}}
[[Category:1981 in Indian cricket]]
[[Category:1982 in Indian cricket]]
[[Category:Domestic cricket competitions in 1981–82]]
[[Category:Ranji Trophy seasons]]
[[Category:Long stubs with short prose]]

{{Indian-domestic-cricket-competition-stub}}

Dancing Girl (prehistoric sculpture)

2026-04-30T02:52:40Z

Vilianaizi: details

{{Short description|Indus Valley Civilisation bronze sculpture}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2021}}
{{Infobox artifact
| name = Dancing Girl
| image = Dancing girl of Mohenjo-daro.jpg
| material = [[Bronze]]
| created = {{circa|2000 BC}}
| discovered_place = [[Sindh]], [[Pakistan]]
| discovered_date = 1926
| location = [[National Museum of India|National Museum]], [[New Delhi]], [[India]]
| height = 10.5 cm
}}

The '''Dancing Girl''' is a [[bronze sculpture]] made in [[lost-wax casting]] around {{Circa|2300}}–1750 BC in the [[Indus Valley Civilisation]] city of [[Mohenjo-daro]] (in modern-day [[Pakistan]]),<ref>Harle, J.C., ''The Art and Architecture of the Indian Subcontinent'', p. 17, 2nd edn. 1994, Yale University Press Pelican History of Art, {{ISBN|0300062176}}</ref> which was one of the earliest cities. The statue is {{convert|10.5|cm|in}} tall, and depicts a nude young woman or girl with stylized ornaments, standing in a confident, naturalistic pose. ''Dancing Girl'' is highly regarded as a work of art.

The statue was excavated by British archaeologist [[Ernest J. H. Mackay|Ernest Mackay]] in the "HR area" of Mohenjo-daro in 1926.<ref name=national>{{cite web|title=Collections:Pre-History & Archaeology|publisher=National Museum, New Delhi|url=http://nationalmuseumindia.gov.in/en/collections/index/6|access-date=3 February 2014|archive-date=28 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200928223217/http://nationalmuseumindia.gov.in/en/collections/index/6|url-status=live}}</ref> It is now in the [[National Museum, New Delhi]], having been allocated to India at the [[Partition of India]] in 1947.

==History==
After excavation at Mohenjo-daro in 1926, this and the other finds were initially deposited in the [[Lahore Museum]], but later moved to the [[Archaeological Survey of India]] headquarters at [[New Delhi]], where a new "Central Imperial Museum" was being planned for the new capital of the [[British Raj]], in which at least a selection would be displayed. It became apparent that Indian independence was approaching, but the [[Partition of India]] was not anticipated until late in the process.

The new Pakistani authorities requested the return of the Mohenjo-daro pieces excavated on their territory, but the Indian authorities refused. Eventually an agreement was reached, whereby the finds, totalling some 12,000 objects (most [[sherd]]s of pottery), were split equally between the countries; in some cases this was taken very literally, with some necklaces and girdles having their beads separated into two piles. In the case of the "two most celebrated sculpted figures", Pakistan asked for and received the [[Mohenjo-daro Priest-King|so-called ''Priest-King'' figure]], while India retained the much smaller ''Dancing Girl''.<ref>Singh, 111-112 (112 quoted)</ref>

Despite the division of the Mohenjo-daro finds having been agreed by the two governments at partition, some Pakistani politicians have subsequently demanded that the ''Dancing Girl'' be returned to Pakistan.<ref>{{cite news |last=Mansoor |first=Hasan |date=11 October 2016 |title=Pakistan needs to do homework for Dancing Girl's return |url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1289410 |work=Dawn |access-date=11 October 2016 |archive-date=11 October 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161011125257/http://www.dawn.com/news/1289410 |url-status=live }}</ref>

In 2016, a Pakistani barrister, Javed Iqbal Jaffery, petitioned the Lahore High Court for the return of the statue, claiming that it had been "taken from Pakistan 60 years ago on the request of the National Arts Council in Delhi but never returned". According to him, the ''Dancing Girl'' was to Pakistan what Da Vinci's ''[[Mona Lisa]]'' was to Europe.<ref name="dawn">{{Cite news |date=2016-10-11 |title=Move to bring 'Dancing Girl' back from India |url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1289393 |access-date=2017-04-18 |work=DAWN.COM |language=en |archive-date=19 April 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170419101305/https://www.dawn.com/news/1289393 |url-status=live }}</ref> However, no public request to India has been made by the Pakistani government.

==Description==
This is one of two bronze figures found at Mohenjo-daro that show more flexible features when compared to other more formal poses. The girl is nude, wears a number of [[bangle]]s and a necklace and is shown in a natural standing position with one hand on her hip.<ref name="jane">{{cite book|last1=McIntosh|first1=Jane R.|title=The Ancient Indus Valley : New Perspectives|date=2008|publisher=ABC-CLIO|location=Santa Barbara, California|isbn=9781576079072|pages=281, 407|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1AJO2A-CbccC&q=dancing+girl|access-date=15 November 2014}}</ref> She wears 24 to 25 [[bangle]]s on her left arm and 4 bangles on her right arm, and some object was held in her left hand, which is resting on her thigh; both arms are unusually long.<ref name="singh">{{cite book|last1=Singh|first1=Upinder|title=A History of Ancient and Early Medieval India : from the Stone Age to the 12th century|date=2008|publisher=Pearson Education|location=New Delhi|isbn=9788131711200|page=162|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=H3lUIIYxWkEC&q=dancing+girl+harappa&pg=PA162|access-date=15 November 2014|archive-date=19 November 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231119083024/https://books.google.com/books?id=H3lUIIYxWkEC&q=dancing+girl+harappa&pg=PA162#v=snippet&q=dancing%20girl%20harappa&f=false|url-status=live}}</ref> Her necklace has three big pendants. She has her long hair styled in a big bun that is resting on her shoulder.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=e--vDQAAQBAJ&q=aesthetics+of+the+dancing+girl+mohenjodaro&pg=PA34|title=Origin of Indians and their Spacetime|last=Nalapat|first=Dr Suvarna|date=2013-02-16|publisher=D C Books|isbn=9789381699188|language=en|access-date=16 October 2020|archive-date=19 November 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231119083045/https://books.google.com/books?id=e--vDQAAQBAJ&q=aesthetics+of+the+dancing+girl+mohenjodaro&pg=PA34#v=snippet&q=aesthetics%20of%20the%20dancing%20girl%20mohenjodaro&f=false|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Interpretations==
{{multiple image
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| header =
| image1 = The Dancing Girl, in a photogravure by Alfred Nawrath,1938.jpg
| caption1 =
| image2 = Bronze dancing girl (back view).jpg
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| footer = Bronze dancing girl (front and back views)
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In 1973, British archaeologist [[Mortimer Wheeler]] described the item as his favourite statuette:
<blockquote>
She's about fifteen years old I should think, not more, but she stands there with bangles all the way up her arm and nothing else on. A girl perfectly, for the moment, perfectly confident of herself and the world. There's nothing like her, I think, in the world.<ref>{{cite web|title=The Dancing Girl of Mohenjo-Daro – Who Was She?|publisher=thoughtco.com|url=https://www.thoughtco.com/the-dancing-girl-of-mohenjo-daro-171329|access-date=29 March 2017|archive-date=30 March 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170330085519/https://www.thoughtco.com/the-dancing-girl-of-mohenjo-daro-171329|url-status=live}}</ref></blockquote>

John Marshall, the archeologist at Mohenjo-daro who found the figure, described the figure as "a young girl, her hand on her hip in a half-impudent posture, and legs slightly forward as she beats time to the music with her legs and feet".<ref>{{cite book|last=Possehl|first=Gregory|title=The Indus Civilization: A Contemporary Perspective|publisher=AltaMira Press|year=2002|pages=113|isbn=978-0-7591-0172-2}}</ref> He is known to have reacted with surprise when he saw this statuette. He said "When I first saw them I found it difficult to believe that they were prehistoric."<ref>{{Cite book|title=Mohenjo daro and Indus Civilization|last=Marshall|first=John|publisher=Arthur Probsthain}}</ref> The archaeologist [[Gregory Possehl]] described ''Dancing Girl'' as "the most captivating piece of art from an Indus site" and qualified the description of her as a dancer by stating that "We may not be certain that she was a dancer, but she was good at what she did and she knew it."<ref name="gregory" />

To the American IVC specialist [[Jonathan Kenoyer]], the reading of the figure as a dancer is "based on a colonial British perception of Indian dancers, but it more likely represents a woman carrying an offering" (which he also thinks the second figure is doing),<ref>[[Jonathan Mark Kenoyer|Kenoyer, J.M.]] in Matthiae, P; Lamberg-Karlovsky, Carl Clifford, ''Art of the First Cities: The Third Millennium B.C. from the Mediterranean to the Indus'', p. 391, 2003, Metropolitan Museum of Art (New York, N.Y.), [https://books.google.com/books?id=8l9X_3rHFdEC google books]</ref> although most sources, such as the [[National Museum of India]], continue to see her as a dancer.<ref name="national" />

[[File:Mohenje-daro statuette, Mackay.jpg|thumb|upright|Second bronze statuette of a girl, now displayed at [[National Museum of Pakistan|Karachi Museum]], Pakistan<ref>{{cite book |last1=Mackay |first1=E. J. H. |title=Further excavations at mohenjo-daro-vol.ii |date=1937 |page=Plate LXXIII |url=https://archive.org/details/in.gov.ignca.9954/page/n159/mode/1up}}</ref>|left]]
[[File:Dancing Girl engraving on a potsherd.jpg|alt=Dancing Girl engraving on a potsherd|thumb|upright|Dancing Girl engraving on a piece of red potsherd, discovered at [[Bhirrana]], India]]
The statue led to two important discoveries about the civilization: first that they knew metal blending, casting and other sophisticated methods, and secondly that entertainment, especially dance, was part of the culture.<ref name="national" /> The bronze girl was made using the [[lost-wax casting]] technique and shows the expertise of the people in making bronze works during that time.<ref name="jane" />

A similar bronze statuette was found by Mackay during his final full season of 1930–1931 at DK-G area in a house at Mohenjo-daro. The preservation, as well as quality of craftsmanship, is inferior to that of the well known ''Dancing Girl''.<ref name="gregory">{{cite book|last1=Possehl|first1=Gregory L.|title=The indus civilization : a contemporary perspective|date=2002|publisher=AltaMira Press|location=Walnut Creek, California|isbn=9780759101722|page=114|edition=2. print.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pmAuAsi4ePIC&q=dancing+girl+harappa&pg=PA112|access-date=15 November 2014|archive-date=19 November 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231119083044/https://books.google.com/books?id=pmAuAsi4ePIC&q=dancing+girl+harappa&pg=PA112#v=snippet&q=dancing%20girl%20harappa&f=false|url-status=live}}</ref> This second bronze female figure is displayed at the [[National Museum of Pakistan]], Pakistan.<ref>{{cite web|title=Bronze female figure, Mohenjodaro|url=http://www.masterfile.com/stock-photography/image/841-02824318/Bronze-female-figure-Mohenjodaro-Karachi-Museum-Pakistan-Asia|website=Masterfile|access-date=15 November 2014|archive-date=29 November 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141129022937/http://www.masterfile.com/stock-photography/image/841-02824318/Bronze-female-figure-Mohenjodaro-Karachi-Museum-Pakistan-Asia|url-status=live}}</ref>

An engraving on a piece of red [[potsherd]], discovered at [[Bhirrana]], India, a Harappan site in Fatehabad district in Haryana, shows an image that is evocative of ''Dancing Girl''. The excavation team leader, L. S. Rao, Superintending Archaeologist, Excavation Branch, ASI, remarked that, "the delineation [of the lines in the potsherd] is so true to the stance, including the disposition of the hands, of the bronze that it appears that the craftsman of Bhirrana had first-hand knowledge of the former".<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.frontline.in/navigation/?type=static&page=flonnet&rdurl=fl2502/stories/20080201504012900.htm |title=Discoveries made at Bhirrana in Haryana provide the missing link in the evolution of Harappan civilisation archaeology |work=Frontline |date=2008-01-19 |access-date=2016-01-20 }}</ref><ref name="pot">{{cite news|last1=Subramanian|first1=T. S.|title=The ageless tale a potsherd from Bhirrana tells|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/article1909703.ece|access-date=15 November 2014|work=The Hindu|date=12 September 2007|archive-date=29 November 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141129021905/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/article1909703.ece|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Notes==
{{reflist}}

==References==
*Craddock PT. 2015. [http://www.insa.nic.in/writereaddata/UpLoadedFiles/IJHS/Vol50_2015_1_Art05.pdf The metal casting tradiitons of South Asia: Continuity and innovation.] ''Indian Journal of History of Science'' 50(1):55–82.
*During Caspers ECL. 1987. [http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=11835529 Was the dancing girl from Mohenjo-daro a Nubian?]''Annali, Istituto Oriental di Napoli'' 47(1):99–105.
*[[Jonathan Mark Kenoyer|Kenoyer JM.]] 1998. Seals and sculpture of the Indus cities. ''Minerva'' 9(2):19–24.
*[[Gregory Possehl|Possehl GL.]] 2002. ''The Indus Civilization: A Contemporary Perspective''. Walnut Creek, California: Altamira Press.
*Prakash B. 1983. [http://www.bcin.ca/Interface/openbcin.cgi?submit=submit&Chinkey=68234 Metallurgy in India through the ages.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160412081747/http://www.bcin.ca/Interface/openbcin.cgi?submit=submit&Chinkey=68234 |date=12 April 2016 }} ''Bulletin of the Metals Museum of the Japan Institute of Metals'' 8:23–36.
*Sadasivan B. 2011. ''The Dancing Girl: A History of Early India.'' Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies.
*Singh, Kavita, "The Museum Is National", Chapter 4 in: Mathur, Saloni and Singh, Kavita (eds), ''No Touching, No Spitting, No Praying: The Museum in South Asia'', 2015, Routledge, [https://www.academia.edu/12710849/The_Museum_is_National PDF on academia.edu] (nb this is different from the article by the same author with the same title in ''India International Centre Quarterly'', vol. 29, no. 3/4, 2002, pp. 176–196, [https://www.jstor.org/stable/23005825 JSTOR], which does not mention this work)

{{Indus Valley Civilization}}
[[Category:21st-century BC works]]
[[Category:3rd-millennium BC sculptures]]
[[Category:1926 archaeological discoveries]]
[[Category:Archaeological discoveries in Pakistan]]
[[Category:Bronze sculptures in India]]
[[Category:Mohenjo-daro]]
[[Category:Prehistoric sculpture]]
[[Category:Statues in India]]
[[Category:Sculptures of dancers]]
[[Category:Pakistani sculpture]]
[[Category:Bronze Age art]]
[[Category:Nude sculptures of women]]
[[Category:Sculptures of women in India]]
[[Category:Ancient art in metal]]
[[Category:Statues of women]]
[[Category:Sculptures of children]]

Sanatan Pandey

2026-04-27T08:07:14Z

Vilianaizi: created data

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2024}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Sanatan Pandey
| image =
| caption =
| birth_date =
| birth_place =
| office = [[Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha]]
| constituency = [[Ballia Lok Sabha constituency|Ballia]]
| term_start = 4 June 2024
| predecessor = [[Virendra Singh Mast]]
| successor =
| office2 = 15th Uttar Pradesh Assembly
| constituency2 = chilkahar
| term_start2 = 2007
| term_end2 = 2012
| party = [[Samajwadi Party]]
| occupation = [[Politician]]

| spouse =
| father = Ramji Pandey
| children =
| website =
| footnotes =
| date =
| year =
| source = https://sansad.in/ls/members/biographyM/5580?from=members
}}
'''Sanatan Pandey''' is an Indian politician and a member of the lower house of Indian Parliament, the [[Lok Sabha]]. He is affiliated with the [[Samajwadi Party]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-06-05 |title=Ballia (UP) Lok Sabha Election Results 2024 Highlights: SP's Sanatan Pandey wins by 43,384 votes; Rahul Gandhi says India's poor saved the Constitution |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/ballia-uttar-pradesh-lok-sabha-election-result-2024-live-neeraj-shekhar-sanatan-pandey-bjp-sp-eci-trend-result/3511459/ |access-date=2024-06-05 |website=Financialexpress |language=en}}</ref>

== Political career ==
Pandey was elected in 2024 as a Member of Parliament from [[Ballia Lok Sabha constituency]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-06-04 |title=Ballia Election Result 2024 LIVE Updates Highlights: Lok Sabha Winner, Loser, Leading, Trailing, MP, Margin |url=https://www.news18.com/elections/ballia-election-result-2024-live-updates-highlights-lok-sabha-winner-loser-leading-trailing-mp-margin-8917391.html |access-date=2024-06-05 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref> He defeated [[Neeraj Shekhar]] of [[Bharatiya Janata Party|Bharatiya Janta Party]] by 43801 votes.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-06-04 |title=Ballia, Uttar Pradesh Lok Sabha Election Results 2024 Highlights: SP Secures Victory |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/lok-sabha/story/ballia-uttar-pradesh-lok-sabha-election-results-2024-live-updates-clse-2548051-2024-06-04 |access-date=2024-06-05 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-06-03 |title=Uttar Pradesh Election Results 2024 Live Updates: SP secures 37 seats in UP; Akhilesh Yadav wins from Kannauj, Bhim Army's Chandrashekhar from Nagina |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/uttar-pradesh-election-results-2024-live-updates-lok-sabha-result-bjp-sp-congress-9369370/ |access-date=2024-06-05 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Grassroots workers {{!}} Rooted in the masses">{{cite news|title=Grassroots workers {{!}} Rooted in the masses|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/cover-story/18th-lok-sabha-the-debutants/story/20240722-grassroots-workers-rooted-in-the-masses-2565853-2024-07-13|accessdate=1 June 2025|publisher=India Today|date=13 July 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250601170808/https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/cover-story/18th-lok-sabha-the-debutants/story/20240722-grassroots-workers-rooted-in-the-masses-2565853-2024-07-13|archivedate=1 June 2025|language=en}}</ref>

== References ==

{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Pandey, Sanatan}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Samajwadi Party politicians from Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:People from Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Lok Sabha members from Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:India MPs 2024–2029]]

Rehat

2026-04-25T14:58:42Z

Vilianaizi: Made Initial Info More To Come - done

{{Short description|Sikh codes of conduct}}
{{Multiple issues|
{{more citations needed|date=August 2007}}
{{primary sources|date=April 2012}}}}
{{Sikh practices}}{{Sikhism sidebar}}
'''Rehat''' ([[Punjabi language|Punjabi]]: ਰਹਿਤ, alternatively transliterated as '''Rehit''', '''Rahit''', or '''Rahat''') refers to the rules and traditions which govern the unique Sikh lifestyle and determines correct Sikh [[orthodoxy]] and [[orthopraxy]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |title=The Encyclopedia of Sikhism |date=1992–1998 |publisher=Punjabi University |others=Harbans Singh |isbn=0-8364-2883-8 |location=Patiala |pages=424–426 |oclc=29703420}}</ref> The '''Sikh Rehit Maryada'''<ref>{{cite book |last=Haynes |first=Jeffrey |title=Routledge Handbook of Religion and Politics |date=30 Jun 2008 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-0-415-41455-5 |edition=1 |page=316 |chapter=19 |access-date=17 December 2009 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ULWtjZxscpIC&q=Sikh+rehat+maryada&pg=PT328}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Singh |first=Nirmal |title=Searches in Sikhism: Thought, Understanding, Observance |publisher=Hemkunt Publishers |year=2008 |isbn=978-81-7010-367-7 |location=New Delhi |pages=184 onwards |chapter=10 |oclc=320246878 |access-date=17 December 2009 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yMJypUEQkEQC&q=Sikh+rehat+maryada&pg=PA184}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Kapoor|first= Sukhbir Singh |author2=Mohinder Kaur Kapoor |title=The Making of the Sikh Rehatnamas|publisher=Hemkunt Publishers|location=New Delhi, India|year=2008|page=9|chapter=Introduction|isbn=978-81-7010-370-7|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6A_IX9WxnhoC&q=Sikh+rehat+maryada&pg=PA9|access-date=17 December 2009}}</ref><ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Rehit Maryada - The Sikh Encyclopedia |date=19 December 2000 |url=https://www.thesikhencyclopedia.com/philosophy-spirituality-and-ethics/moral-codes-and-sikh-practices/rahit-maryada/ |access-date=2024-07-08 |language=en-US}}</ref> ([[Punjabi language|Punjabi]]: {{Langx|pa|ਸਿੱਖ ਰਹਿਤ ਮਰਯਾਦਾ|translit=Sikkh Rahit Maryādā|label=none}}; also transcribed as '''Sikh Reht Maryada''' or '''Khalsa Rehat Maryada''')<ref>{{cite web|title=Preface to the English Version of Reht Maryada|url=http://old.sgpc.net/sikhism/sikh-dharma-manual.asp|access-date=17 July 2015|publisher=Secretary, Dharam Parchar Committee (Shiromani Gurdwara Parbandhak Committee, Amritsar)}}</ref> is a code of conduct and conventions for [[Sikhism]]. The final version of the Rehat Maryada was controversially approved by the [[Shiromani Gurdwara Parbandhak Committee]], Amritsar in 1945.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Singh |first1=I. J. |date=Jul 22, 2005 |title=A History of the Sikh Code of Conduct: A Review of Darpan Sikh Rehat Maryada (Punjabi) by Gurbaksh Singh Gulshan |url=http://www.sikhtimes.com/books_072205a.html |journal=The Sikh Times |access-date=17 July 2015}}</ref> The Rehat Maryada was created to provide guidance to Sikhs (and those desirous of embracing the Sikh faith) on practical and functional aspects of daily life, including the operations of Sikh Gurdwaras,<ref>Singh, Teja. [1932] 1994. "[http://old.sgpc.net/sikhism/introduction.asp Introduction: Report of S.G.P.C.'s Code of Conduct and Conventions Sub-Committee]." In ''Sikh Reht Maryada''. Amritsar. [[Shiromani Gurdwara Parbandhak Committee]]. Retrieved 10 July 2020.</ref> and religious practices to foster cohesion throughout the community.<ref name="ReferenceA">Singh, Kulraj. 31 August 1994. "[http://old.sgpc.net/sikhism/sikh-dharma-manual.asp Preface to the English Version of Reht Maryada]." In ''Sikh Reht Maryada''. Amritsar. [[Shiromani Gurdwara Parbandhak Committee]]. Retrieved 10 July 2020.</ref> '''Rehitnāma''' (meaning "epistles of conduct;<ref>{{Cite book |last=Maini |first=Darshan Singh |url=https://nishaannagaara.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Premier-Issue-1999-1.pdf |title=Nishaan Nagaara Magazine |year=1999 |pages=10 |chapter=The Moment of the Khalsa: Vision, Values, and World View}}</ref> plural: ''Rehitnāme'') is a Punjabi term that refers to a genre of Sikh religious literature which expounds upon specifying an approved way of life for a Sikh.<ref>{{Cite book |title=The Encyclopedia of Sikhism |date=1992–1998 |publisher=Punjabi University |others=Harbans Singh |isbn=0-8364-2883-8 |location=Patiala |pages=426–431 |oclc=29703420}}</ref>

== Etymology ==
''Rehat'' derives from the Punjabi word ''rahiṇā'' (to live, to remain) and means "mode of living". ''Maryādā'' derives from a Sanskrit compound word composed of ''marya'' (limit, boundary, mark) and ''ādā'' (to give to oneself, to accept, to undertake), meaning bounds or limits of morality and propriety, rule, or custom.<ref name=":0" />

== History ==
{{Sikh literature}}
Before the passing of the 10th Sikh Guru, [[Guru Gobind Singh]], in 1708, he [[Guru Maneyo Granth|transferred the Guruship]] and authority to the Sikh Holy Scripture, [[Guru Granth Sahib]], and the body of initiated Sikhs, called the [[Khalsa|Khalsa Panth]]. Before his death,{{According to whom|date=January 2024}} Guru Gobind Singh provided what is known as [[The 52 Hukams of Guru Gobind Singh|52 Hukams]] and instructed his followers to formalize them by writing Rehat Namas. The [[The 52 Hukams of Guru Gobind Singh|52 Hukams]] are a set of 52 rules on proper conduct. As per [[W. H. McLeod|Dr. William Hewat McLeod]], these set of rules were transcribed into the Rehatnamas by Sikh scholars [[Bhai Nand Lal]], Bhai Dessa Singh, son of [[Bhai Mani Singh]], [[History_of_Dasam_Granth#Rehatnama_Hazuri#C_Bhai_Chaupa_Singh|Bhai Chaupa Singh]], [[Daya_Singh|Bhai Daya Singh]] and [[History_of_Dasam_Granth#Rehatnama#C_Bhai_Prehlad_Singh|Bhai Prahlad Singh]]. However, for the next almost 100 years, persecution at the hands of Mughal rulers put the affairs of Sikh faith into disarray. The control of Sikh Gurdwaras and affairs fell into the hands of Udasis and Nirmala Sikh, who had embraced vedic philosophy. According to scholars of the time such [[Bhai Vir Singh]] these Nirmala and Udasi Sikhs introduced vedic concepts into the Sikh Rehat, which led [[sectarianism]] in the absence of any centralized authority apart from that arranged under [[British Raj|British rule]] from 1849.<ref>Kalsi, Sewa Singh. 1995. "[http://jbasr.com/basr/diskus/diskus1-6/KALSI3_2.TXT Problems of Defining Authority in Sikhism]." ''[http://jbasr.com/basr/diskus/diskus1-6/index.html#3.2 DISKUS]'' 3(2):43–58. {{ISSN|0967-8948}}.</ref> A range of [[Sikh Rehat Maryada#Other codes|other codes]] and collections of tradition existed, which were corrected in 1898 by Bhai [[Kahn Singh Nabha]], who collected all the old Rehat Namas and removed spurious references to Hinduism.{{Citation needed|date=January 2024}}

=== 1699-1925 ===
While the Khalsa was gaining political power in the 18th century, a large number of sehajdharis began joining its ranks from around the mid-18th century onwards.<ref name=":2222">{{Cite book |last1=Singh |first1=Gurharpal |title=Sikh Nationalism |last2=Shani |first2=Giorgio |date=Nov 25, 2021 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=9781009213448 |pages=42–44}}</ref> Sehajdharis Sikhs practiced religion in a more fluid manner without following boundaries, in-contrast to the Khalsa Sikhs, which had always been a small minority.<ref name=":2222" /> This presented a paradigm where as Sikhs gained political power, they further relapsed back into Hinduism.<ref name=":2222" /> Sikh theology began to be re-interpreted under a Brahminical lens, such as in relation to the ''varnasramadharma''.<ref name=":2222" /> Sikh ''rehatnamas'' (codes of conduct) from this period, such as Chaupa Singh's, are heavily influenced by Hindu practices, especially with regard to the status of women and interactions with Muslims.<ref name=":2222" /> These manuals were more akin to the ''stridharma'' (moral system for women) laid out in Hindu texts, such as the ''[[Dharmaśāstra|Dharamshastra]]''.<ref name=":2222" />[[File:Rehat Maryada document issued by the Akal Takht in the year 1877 C.E. (full-view).jpg|thumb|Rehat Maryada document issued by the [[Akal Takht]] in the year 1877. It is written in ''[[Scriptio continua|larivār]]'' [[Gurmukhi]]]]
There was no standard rehat but there were many with the same points and concepts, like the Muktinamah (ਮੁਕਤੀਨਾਮਾਹ), Bhai Nand Lal's Rehatnamah (ਰਹਿਤਨਾਮਾਹ, 1695) and Tankhahnamah (ਤਨਖਾਹਨਾਮਾਹ, circa 1704), 54 Hukams (੫੪ ਹੁਕਮ) etc. As per [[Giani Gian Singh]] (1885), in 1857, Bhai Rai Singh travelled and stayed at [[Hazur Sahib]], [[Nanded_district|Nanded]], (where the 10th Guru, Guru Gobind Singh receded) for {{frac|3|1|2}} months to document and reproduce the code of conduct of the Sikhs at the time for the [[Namdhari]] sect of Sikhism. As per Dr. [[W. H. McLeod|McLeod]] (1987), several books were published during this period that attempted to provide a renaissance to the faith. Budh Singh published Khalsa Dharm Shatak in 1876, Kahn Singh Nabha wrote Raj Dharm (1884), [[Ham Hindu Nahin]] (1898) and Mahan Kosh (1930), Gurmat Sudhakar (1898 Hindi, 1901 Punjabi). In 1915, [[Chief Khalsa Diwan]] published Gurmat Parkash Bhag Sanskar while Teja Singh Bhasaur published Khalsa Rahit Parkash in 1911 and [[Jodh Singh|Bhai Jodh Singh]]'s Gurmati Niranay was published in 1932. Finally Sikh Rahit Maryada was brought out by the SGPC in 1945. These publications showed a significant attempt by the Sikh intelligentsia and bodies to develop appropriate code of conduct reflective of the Sikh philosophy.

The early Sikh rahit namas were markedly anti Mughal, the rahits derided Mughals as being "polluting"; injunctions included avoiding contact with the ritually sacrificed meat of all faiths, a ban on sexual contact with Muslim women, and a proscription on all intoxicants. Furthermore, an early rahit-nama asserted that karah parsad, whilst to be distributed to everyone irrespective of their religious background, was not to be consumed by a Sikh in the company of a Mughal. [[W. H. McLeod|William Hewat McLeod]] writes that these injunctions were a reflection of a period of extended warfare between the Sikhs and Muslims during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. Pashaura Singh writes that the Tat Khalsa scholars refused to accept the anti Muslim injunctions and remarks as the work of Guru Gobind Singh and quietly removed them from their revised rahit-namas.<ref>{{Cite book |last=McLeod |first=W. H. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vTJhC_l1gksC&pg=PA73 |title=The Sikhs: History, Religion, and Society |date=1989 |publisher=Columbia University Press |isbn=978-0-231-06815-4 |pages=73 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last1=Fenech |first1=Louis E. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xajcAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA214 |title=Historical Dictionary of Sikhism |last2=McLeod |first2=W. H. |date=2014-06-11 |publisher=Rowman & Littlefield |isbn=978-1-4422-3601-1 |pages=214 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last1=Hawley |first1=John Stratton |url=https://archive.org/details/studyingsikhsiss0000unse/page/148/mode/2up?view=theater |title=Studying the Sikhs: Issues for North America |last2=Mann |first2=Gurinder Singh |date=1993-07-01 |publisher=SUNY Press |isbn=978-0-7914-1426-2 |pages=148 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Singh |first=Pashaura |title=Sikhism and History |date=2004 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-566708-0 |pages=40 |language=en |quote=Under Ranjit Singh, feelings slowly became more subdued and by the time the Singh Sabha emerged there was some embarrassment at the unconcealed enmity of the inherited rahit -namas. Tat Khalsa scholars in particular viewed such anti-Muslim items as the kind of utterance that Guru Gobind Singh could never have made and quietly dropped them from their revised rahit-namas.}}</ref> Six Rahitnamas were placed in the time of Guru Gobind Singh, the Tankhahnama of those in particular stresses hostility towards Mughal Aristocrats, referred to as "Turks". Although there was unanimous hostility and antipathy directed towards Mughals in the Sikh writings of the eighteenth and nineteenth century, the works of Chaupa, [[History_of_Dasam_Granth#Bansavalinama_Dasan_Patshahian_Ka#C_Kesar_Singh_Chibbar|Kesar Singh Chibbar]], and [[History of Dasam Granth#Gurbilas Patshahi 10%2C Bhai Koer Singh Kalal|Koer Singh]] are considered the apotheosis of this aversion.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Fenech |first=Louis E. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AvRQEAAAQBAJ&pg=PR15 |title=The Sikh Zafar-namah of Guru Gobind Singh: A Discursive Blade in the Heart of the Mughal Empire |date=2013-02-07 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-993143-9 |pages=xv (Preface) |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Grewal |first=J. S. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YDLNDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT96 |title=Guru Gobind Singh (1666–1708): Master of the White Hawk |date=2019-07-25 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-099038-1 |pages=96 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last1=Malhotra |first1=Anshu |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PdvDCgAAQBAJ&pg=PT195 |title=Speaking of the Self: Gender, Performance, and Autobiography in South Asia |last2=Lambert-Hurley |first2=Siobhan |date=2015-10-23 |publisher=Duke University Press |isbn=978-0-8223-7497-8 |pages=195 |language=en |quote=From the time of the establishment of the Khalsa in 1699, some from within the Sikhs, more specifically the Khalsa, tried to create religious norms and codes of behavior that worked toward imparting a distinct Sikh identity partly by distancing from the Muslims. A stream within the Khalsa set about creating codes of conduct, the rahit literature, that began "othering" the Muslim/Turak (used interchangeably), passing tenets that included the avoidance of halal meat associated with the Muslims, and sleeping with Muslim women.}}</ref> The twentieth century versions of the rahit; drawing upon and furthering developing earlier forms of rahits were representative of an effort to systemize codes presented in different versions and modify them in line with the evolving Sikh orthodoxy associated with the Singh Sahba reform movement. W.H McLeod further comments that while Guru Gobind's utterance of the rahit does not oppose nor is it inconsistent with the traditional version used today, it is suggested that he announced a considerably simpler one. Only a portion of the current Rahit dates to the time of Guru Gobind Singh, and it evolved according to the conditions and circumstances of the time. While the early eighteenth century rahits feature considerable variation; W.H. McLeod noted a few consistent features among them; {{blockquote|"a sense of deepening problems and the ultimate triumph of the community; a set of behavioral injunctions meant to distinguish the Sikhs from other religious communities; with a clear sense that the Sikh community saw itself in conflict with Muslims; and, within several versions, the declaration of a Vaishnava savior in relation the triumph of the community."<ref>{{Cite book |last=Murphy |first=Anne |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jPNQEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA58 |title=The Materiality of the Past: History and Representation in Sikh Tradition |date=2012-11-29 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-991627-6 |pages=56–59 |language=en}}</ref>}}Louis Fenech (2003) notes that the eighteenth century Sikh literature consisting of the rahit-namas and gur-bilas genres impart hostile attitudes towards Muslims and Islam and mention that Muslims were desirous of converting all Indians.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Fenech |first=Louis E. |title=Religious Conversion in India: Modes, Motivations, and Meanings |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2003 |pages=173}}</ref> He also noted that while the eighteenth century rahits disagreed on many points, a universal belief that the Khalsa was the principal sovereign not just of India, but the entire world, was accorded among them, and that many of the earliest rahit-namas violated certain Sikh precepts in the Guru Granth Sahib- including observation of caste status. He also notes that the eighteenth and nineteenth century Sikh manuscripts proclaimed Guru Gobind Singh to be the avatar of [[Vishnu]] and four of the five Panj Pyare as the incarnations of a Hindu demigod ([[Lava (Ramayana)|Lava]]) and three Hindu bhakts (the exception being Himmat Singh- considered an incarnation of a hunter). He adds that the Tat Khalsa expunged the Hindu elements of the Panj Pyare tradition within these manuscripts. The Tat Khalsa's origins are said to be influenced by contemporary nineteenth century European understanding of religion and modernity; their objective became to reduce the Sikh faith of its contemporary plurality, multiplicity and diversity to a single solidarity identity centered around the Khalsa and to inculcate firm religious boundaries within the community through various methods including purging content they deemed offensive and non Sikh in the early rahit-namas and the permuting of Sikh history towards a certain trajectory.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Singh |first1=Pashaura |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8I0NAwAAQBAJ |title=The Oxford Handbook of Sikh Studies |last2=Fenech |first2=Louis E. |date=2014 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-969930-8 |pages=240–248 |language=en}}</ref>

Many Sikhs today assert that during the early 1800s, many Brahmanical and other Hindu influences came into the writings of Sikhs, which led to a "corruption" of the rehitnamahs.

=== 1925–27 ===
In 1925, the ''[[Sikh Gurdwaras Act, 1925|Sikh Gurdwaras Act]]'' was made in Punjab, legislating the establishment of the [[Shiromani Gurdwara Parbandhak Committee]] (SGPC), an elected body of Sikhs, for the purpose of administering [[Gurdwara]]s.

A general meeting of the SGPC was held on 15 March 1927 to establish a subcommittee with the task of producing a draft Code of Conduct. The subcommittee at the time consisted of 29 high-profile Sikhs,<ref name="ReferenceB">{{cite journal|last1=Singh|title=A History of the Sikh Code of Conduct: A review of Darpan Sikh Rehat Maryada (Punjabi) by Gurbaksh Singh Gulshan}}</ref> listed by name in the Introduction to the Sikh Rehat Maryada.

=== 1931–32 ===
A preliminary draft was circulated to Sikhs in April 1931, for comment. The subcommittee met on the 4th and 5 October 1931, then on the 3rd and 31 January 1932, at the [[Akal Takht]] in [[Amritsar]]. During this time the number of subcommittee members present at meetings reduced, and other people were listed as present.<ref name="Singhreport">Singh, "Report of SGPC's Code of Conduct and Conventions Sub-Committee."</ref>

On March 1, four members were exited from the subcommittee, and eight more were appointed. Of the four who were exited, one had died and another was excommunicated.<ref name="ReferenceB" /> The subcommittee met again to deliberate and consider the draft on 8 May and 26 September 1932. On 1 October, the sub-committee submitted its report to the SGPC Secretary recommending a special session of the Committee be convened to consider the final draft and approve it for acceptance.<ref name="Singhreport" />

=== 1933–36 ===
The SGPC arranged a conclave of Sikhs on 30 December, where 170 individuals attended and debated the draft. Only nine attendees were members of the original sub-committee, and the conclave ultimately failed to reach an agreement.<ref name="ReferenceB" /> The SGPC then received comments on the draft from a subcommittee of 50 individuals and 21 Panthic Associations (including international organisations), all of whom are listed in the Introduction to the Sikh Rehat Maryada.<ref name="Singhreport" />

After nearly three years, on 1 August 1936, the broader subcommittee approved the draft, and the general body of the SGPC ratified it on 12 October 1936.<ref name="ReferenceB" /><ref name="ReferenceA" /> Thereafter, the Rehat was implemented.

=== 1945 ===
At their meeting on 7 January 1945 the SPGC's Advisory Committee on Religious Matters recommended some changes to be made to the Code. The Advisory Committee consisted of eight individuals as listed in the Preface to the Sikh Rehat Maryada. The SGPC accepted the recommendations at their meeting on 3 February 1945.<ref name="ReferenceA" /> Since then, several minor updates have been made to clarify content, but no significant review has been undertaken.

== Principal points of the Sikh Rehat Maryada ==
The Sikh Rehat Maryada ordained by the [[Shiromani Gurdwara Parbandhak Committee|SGPC]] addresses key issues such as the definition of a Sikh, personal and communal obligations such as meditation and volunteer service, rules for [[gurdwara]] services to include appropriate music and festivals, and the conduct of assorted Sikh ceremonies.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.sgpc.net/sikhism/sikh-dharma-manual.html |title=Sikh Reht Maryada, the Definition of Sikh, Sikh Conduct & Conventions, Sikh Religion Living, India |access-date=2009-08-29 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090820234942/http://www.sgpc.net/sikhism/sikh-dharma-manual.html |archive-date=2009-08-20 }}
</ref>

=== Definition of Sikh ===
A Sikh is defined as any person, male or female, who faithfully:

* believes in the existence of One Eternal God
* follows the teachings of, and accepts as their main Spiritual guides, the [[Guru Granth Sahib]] and the ten human Gurus
* believes in the baptism (''[[Amrit Sanchar]]''), as promoted by the tenth Guru

=== Sikh living ===
There are two aspects to a Sikh living: first is the adherence to a personal discipline and the development of a strong family life; the other is the involvement in communal life and to ensure community well-being and infra-structure for support of the weak within the community local and globally. This is the practical aspect of the three pillars of Sikhism promoted by [[Guru Nanak]] called ''[[Vand Chhako]]'' ('share what you eat [or have]').

A Sikh is always to live and promote the tenets stipulated by the Gurus.
* Belief in One God
* Equality of All the Human race
* Respect for All, irrespective of gender, age, status, color, caste, sexual orientation, etc.
* Self-Control – Kill the [[Five Evils]]; no rituals or superstitions; no gambling, tobacco, alcohol, intoxicating drugs, etc.
* Self-Improvement – Promote the [[Five Virtues]]

==== Communal life ====
In the communal life, the Sikh has a duty to actively contribute to the community outside the family unit. A Sikh should undertake free voluntary service (''[[Selfless service|seva]]'') within the community at Gurdwaras, community projects, hospitals, old peoples homes, nurseries, etc. At every opportunity, a Sikh ought to dedicate their free time to voluntary community work, and devote at least 10% of their wealth in time or money to support community projects. This also includes positively supporting weaker members within the community.

Time needs to be given to the greater Sikh community and the even wider world community. It is the duty of the Sikh to hold a continuous dialogue with all members of the larger community, to treat them as equals, and respect their religions and their customs. Sikhism offers strong support for a healthy community life and a Sikh must undertake to support all worthy projects which would benefit the community and promote Gurmat principles. Importance is given to inter-faith dialogue, support for the poor and weak, better community understanding and co-operation.

'''Seva''' (voluntary service) is an important prominent part of the Sikh religion and all Sikhs must get involved in this communal service whenever an opportunity arises. This in its simple forms can be: sweeping and washing the floors of the Gurdwara, serving water and food ([[Langar (Sikhism)|Langar]]) to or fanning the congregation, offering provisions or preparing food and doing other 'house keeping' duties.

'''[[Guru ka Langar]]''' ('Guru's free food') is a very important part of Sikhism. When Langar is being served or when sangat is being sat down “[[Satnam|Sat-Naam]] [[Waheguru]]" must be chanted. The main philosophy behind the langar is two-fold: to provide training to engage in seva and an opportunity to serve people from all walks of life; and to help banish all distinctions between high and low castes.

==== Personal life ====
In their personal life, a Sikh should live humbly and with love in an extended family group encouraging Gurmat principles and offering moral support within this extended structure. A Sikh should undertake free voluntary service (''[[Selfless service|seva]]'') within the community at Gurdwaras, community projects, hospitals, old peoples homes, nurseries, etc. At every opportunity, a Sikh ought to dedicate their free time to voluntary community work, and devote at least 10% of their wealth in time or money to support community projects. This also includes positively supporting weaker members within the community.

Following the teachings of the [[Sri Guru Granth Sahib]], the Sikh is commanded by the Gurus to lead a disciplined life and to not blindly follow rituals and superstitions that bring no spiritual or material benefit to the person or community. A Sikh must not eat meat that has been [[Slaughterhouse|slaughtered]] in a ritualistic way ([[Kutha meat|''Kutha'' meat]]) and refrain from using all forms of [[intoxicants]]; hence, alcohol and tobacco are strictly prohibited.<ref>{{cite web|title=Sikh Reht Maryada, the Definition of Sikh, Sikh Conduct & Conventions, Sikh Religion Living, India|url=http://www.sgpc.net/rehat_maryada/section_six.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020202081302/http://www.sgpc.net/rehat_maryada/section_six.html|archive-date=2002-02-02|access-date=2010-11-22}}</ref> Sikhs must also refrain from rituals, superstitions and other anti-Sikh behavior such as gambling, etc. The Sikh is to practice and promote complete equality between the genders, castes, races, religions, etc. Apart from their spouse, a Sikh must treat all people as their kin; treat all females as daughters, sisters, or mothers, and males as sons, brothers, or fathers, depending on their age.

The Sikh is to meditate on God's Name (''[[Naam Japo|Naam Japna]]'' or ''Naam Simran'') and recite the holy scriptures.<ref>{{cite web|title=Sikh Reht Maryada, the Definition of Sikh, Sikh Conduct & Conventions, Sikh Religion Living, India|url=http://www.sgpc.net/rehat_maryada/section_one.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081010042708/http://sgpc.net/rehat_maryada/section_one.html|archive-date=2008-10-10|access-date=2008-11-06}}</ref> This includes remembering God at all times and reciting his name whenever possible. The Sikh is to arise in the early hours and recite ''[[Nitnem]]'', a collection of [[Gurbani]] to be read in the morning (Five ''Banis''), evening (''[[Rehras]]''), and night (''[[Kirtan Sohila]]''), followed each time with the ''[[Ardas]]'' prayer. The ''Ardas'' signifies that the Sikh need only seek the support of the Almighty Lord before beginning any new task or venture.

A Sikh must also follow the principle of ''[[Kirat Karni]]'', thereby leading their life in accordance with the Guru's teachings. This includes engaging in an honest profession, work, or course of study, as well as promoting the family way of life giving time to children in an active way so as to ensure their proper awareness of the Sikh way of life.

=== Meditation and scripture ===
Sikhs engage in personal and communal meditation, Kirtan and the study of the holy Scriptures. Meditating and understanding of the [[Guru Granth Sahib]] is important to the development of a Sikh. One should not only study [[Gurmukhi]] and be able to read [[Gurbani]] but also understand the meaning of the text. Translations and other material may be used to assist the Sikh. The Sikh should revert to the [[Guru Granth Sahib]] for the all spiritual guidance in one's life.

=== Congregation and Gurdwara service ===
It is believed that a Sikh is more easily and deeply affected by Gurbani when engaged in congregational gatherings. For this reason, it is necessary for a Sikh to visit [[Gurdwara]]s, the places where the Sikhs congregate for worship and prayer. On joining the holy congregation, Sikhs should take part and obtain benefit from the joint study of the holy scriptures.

No one is to be barred from entering a Gurdwara, no matter in which country, religion, or caste he/she belongs to. The Gurdwara is open to all for the Guru's ''darshan'' (seeing the holy Guru) and Langar. However the person must not have on his/her person anything, such as tobacco or other intoxicants, which are tabooed by the Sikh religion. Shoes must be removed, one's head must be covered, and respectful clothing is a must.

During service (''[[Selfless service|seva]]'') in a Gurdwara and while congregational sessions are in session, only one activity should be done at a time in one hall in the presence of the Guru—performing of ''[[kirtan]]'', delivering of discourse, interpretative elaboration of the scriptures, or the reading of the scriptures. Before taking a ''[[hukam]]'' from the Guru, an ''[[ardas]]'' must be done: all the congregation would stand for the ardas and then sit down and carefully listen to the Hukam of the Guru.

==== Kirtan ====
Sikhs, as well as anyone with correct pronunciation and understanding of Gurbani who desires to take part in the congregation, perform ''[[kirtan]]'' (spiritual hymn singing) in a congregation and only hymns ([[Shabad (hymn)|''shabad'']]) from the holy scriptural compositions in traditional musical measures should be sung. Only shabads from Guru Granth Sahib Ji [[Gurbani]] and the compositions of [[Bhai Gurdas]] and [[Bhai Nand Lal]], may be performed. It is improper to sing kirtan to rhythmic folk tunes or popular film tunes.

==== Akhand Paath and Sadharan Paath ====
An [[Akhand Paath]] is the non-stop reading of the [[Guru Granth Sahib]] carried on during difficult times or during occasions of joy and celebration. The reading takes approximately forty eight hours of continuous and uninterrupted reading by a relay of skilled Gurbani readers. The reading must be done in a clear voice and with correct and full pronunciation. Reading the Gurbani too fast, so that the person listening in cannot follow the contents, is discouraged and is considered as disrespect for the Scriptures and the congregation ([[Sangat (term)|''sangat'']]).

A [[Sadharan Paath]] is a non-continuous reading of the [[Guru Granth Sahib]] and one can take from seven days to many months to complete the full reading of the 1430 Anga of the text.

=== Festivals and ceremonies ===
The important Sikh festivals that are celebrated include [[Gurpurb]]s, in celebration of the birthday and other important anniversaries ([[martyr]]dom, etc.) from the lives of the Gurus; and [[Vaisakhi]], celebration of the first Amrit Sanchar and Harvest festival.

Along with other rites and conventions, Sikh ceremonies include:
*''[[Naam Karan]]'': baby naming ceremony
*[[Amrit Sanchar]]: Initiation into the Khalsa
*''[[Anand Karaj]]'': marriage ceremony
*''[[Antam Sanskar]]'': funeral ceremony

== Other codes ==
{{Unreferenced section|date=April 2012}}
Sikh Rehat Maryada is based on earlier codes (''Rehat nama''), including:

* Tanakhah-nama ([[Nasîhatnâme]]) [[Samvat]] 1776 (1718–1719 CE), ten years after Guru Gobind Singh gave up his mortal body. According to H. H. McLeod, it has been wrongly attributed to [[Bhai Nand Lal|Nand Lal]].<ref name=":9">{{Cite web |last=McLeod |first=William Hewat |date=11 August 2024 |title=Sikh literature |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Sikhism/Sikh-literature |access-date=25 August 2024 |website=Britannica}}</ref>
* The Prahilad Rai Rehat-namab
* Sakhi Rehat ki: about 1735 CE
* Chaupa Singh Rehat-nama: 1740–1765 CE (1700 CE according to Piara Singh Padam). [[Chhibber|Chaupa Singh]] was a member of the Guru's retinue. He was entrusted with the care of infant Gobind Das by [[Guru Tegh Bahadur]]. Some members of Chaupa Singh's family became martyrs with Guru Tegh Bahadur in Delhi and others served under the 10th Guru.
* Desa Singh Rehat-nama: late 18th century
* Daya Singh Rehat-nama.

== See also ==

* [[Prohibitions in Sikhism]]
* [[Cannabis and Sikhism]]
* [[Diet in Sikhism]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}
* Piara Singh Padam. ''Rehatname''. Patiala, 1974.
* W.H. Mcleod. ''Sikhs of the Khalsa : History of Khalsa Rehat''. Oxford Press 2003.
* ''Sikh Rehat Maryada: A Guide to the Sikh Way of Life''. Published by the SGPC and re-printed by many Sikh missionary groups.

== External links ==
* [http://damdamitaksaal.org/code-of-conduct Damdami Taksal Rehat Maryada]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20081010042708/http://sgpc.net/rehat_maryada/section_one.html Rehat Maryada] at SGPC.net
* [https://www.searchgurbani.com/bhai_nand_lal/tankahnama Bhai Nand Lal's Tankahnama]

{{Sikhism}}

[[Category:1945 documents]]
[[Category:Sikh practices]]
[[Category:Codes of conduct]]
[[Category:Warrior code]]

Links in the Chain

2026-04-23T15:11:27Z

Vilianaizi: Put up new stub - done

{{Short description|List of essays by Indian writer Mahadevi Varma}}
{{italic title}}
{{Multiple issues|
{{One source|date=August 2019}}
{{independent sources|date=June 2017}}
}}
'''''Links in the Chain''''' ({{langx|hi|Srinkhala ki Kadiyan}}) is a collection of essays by Indian writer [[Mahadevi Varma]] (1907–1987) on [[Gender inequality in India|women's inequality in India]]. The essays were written between 1931 and 1937 for the literary journal ''Chand'', and were later published together as a volume in 1942.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|date=2021-03-12|title=Mahadevi Varma: The poet who broke free, and inspired others to|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/lifestyle/art-culture/mahadevi-varma-the-poet-who-broke-free-and-inspired-others-to-101615536580920.html|access-date=2021-07-25|website=Hindustan Times|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=शृंखला की कड़ियाँ -महादेवी वर्मा {{!}} भारतकोश |url=https://bharatdiscovery.org/india/%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BC%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%81_-%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE |access-date=2022-05-15 |website=bharatdiscovery.org |language=hi}}</ref> Neera Kuckreja Sohoni, in the intro to her English translation, states that they "touch on common, but crucial and in most respect contemporary themes: the effects of war on women, the dilemma of the home and the beyond…the challenge of modernity…the restraints that shackle women forcing some into making life a commercial venture through prostitution, and lastly the art of meaningful living."<ref name="The Issue of Woman's Economic Independence">Varma, Mahadevi. Links in the Chain, translated by Neera Kuckreja Sohoni, Katha, 2003. Print.</ref>

[[Mahadevi Varma]], being a pioneer of a new literary movement in [[Hindi literature]], known as [[Chhayavaad|Chhayavad]], documents the plight of the oppressed and [[marginalized]] Indian woman, the [[dehumanization]] and subjugation of her existential identity by [[Patriarchy|patriarchal]] forces, and her resultant counter-reaction of disrobing her [[womanhood]]. It does not only restrict its content to cogitation over the unageing plight of women itself but also provides certain solutions to the conundrums that the [[Essay|essayist]] puts forward.

[[Critic]]s have compared ''Links in the Chain'' favourably to [[Simone de Beauvoir]]'s ''[[The Second Sex]]''.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web|last=Jha|first=Fiza|date=11 September 2019|title=Poet Mahadevi Verma and her undiscovered feminist legacy|url=https://theprint.in/theprint-profile/poet-mahadevi-verma-and-her-undiscovered-feminist-legacy/289869/|access-date=25 July 2021|website=[[ThePrint]]}}</ref>

== Overview ==

'''1. "Links in Our Chain" (1931)'''

"Links in Our Chain", basically, arrives in two halves, and deliberates the fallen status of Indian women in society, and brings to light their deep-seated ignorance towards the antithesis of the apathy inflicted upon them, at the same time.

Employing an analogy of an unsurpassable, delicate "object" <ref name="The Issue of Woman's Economic Independence"/>- that becomes subject to both veneration and inconsideration- to draw a parallel with a modern Indian woman's sequestered life, and branding "a woman's mental development" <ref name="The Issue of Woman's Economic Independence"/> to be "swifter than a man's",<ref name="The Issue of Woman's Economic Independence"/> Varma asserts that women of ancient times had possessed "a deep philosophical view of life",<ref name="The Issue of Woman's Economic Independence"/> and were garlanded as a man's "sahdharmacharini, the sharer of his dharma, and sahbhagini, sharer of his fortunes."<ref name="The Issue of Woman's Economic Independence"/> Women, like those who belonged to the Aryan civilization; or, like "Maitreyi"<ref name="The Issue of Woman's Economic Independence"/>(wife to "Yaagyavalkya";<ref name="The Issue of Woman's Economic Independence"/> breathed meaning into the "well-known invocation, "Tamaso ma jyotirgamaya, mrityoh ma amritam gamaya"- lead me from darkness to light, from mortality to immortality"<ref name="The Issue of Woman's Economic Independence"/>), "Yashodhara"<ref name="The Issue of Woman's Economic Independence"/>(who preferred to await her husband, "Buddha",<ref name="The Issue of Woman's Economic Independence"/> "in her own sanctum, instead of rushing to embrace his feet like the dust"<ref name="The Issue of Woman's Economic Independence"/>), or "Sita",<ref name="The Issue of Woman's Economic Independence"/> likewise (who was courageous enough to boldly question her husband's "illustrious lineage"<ref name="The Issue of Woman's Economic Independence"/>) resented from being mere shadows of their respective male counterparts, but yearned to be their head-strong companions- "to be remembered for their independent personality and their strong sense of duty."<ref name="The Issue of Woman's Economic Independence"/>

However, women of the present times, to Varma, are either "oblivious of the fact that they are members of the vast human society and possess an independent self, the blossoming or decline of which can cause society to excel or decline"<ref name="The Issue of Woman's Economic Independence"/> or are intoxicated with a desire "to gain disparity with men, by viewing the world singularly from the man's optic and mimicking his attributes and vices."<ref name="The Issue of Woman's Economic Independence"/> And, as a result, collapse to achieve the liberation that they are worthy of, and remain veiled under a thousand cloaks of tradition and meaningless conventions. The sensitive episode of the talented, poor Judith (from [[Virginia Woolf]]'s 1929 extended essay, ''A Room of One's Own''), nestling a dream in her heart, being engulfed by the ruthless [[London]] streets easily fits in this context.

And, at the same time, Indian women remain blind to a self-evident fact that behind every success that a man boasts of, a woman- reckoning her loss in the establishment of a man's unageing reputation- stands, just like cogitation over The Corps of Discovery Expedition (05/1804 - 09/1806) remains incomplete without an invocation of the name of young [[Sacagawea]].

Highlighting a woman's "ignorance related to citizenship"<ref name="The Issue of Woman's Economic Independence"/> and "countless judicial and legal rights",<ref name="The Issue of Woman's Economic Independence"/> Varma inscribes the loss of a woman's "individual identity",<ref name="The Issue of Woman's Economic Independence"/> and the resultant loss of her "ability to reason";<ref name="The Issue of Woman's Economic Independence"/> her rising inclination towards a blind imitation of man and his actions [this mimetic trait could also be traced in literary writings by women in the West that span between the years 1840 to 1880, as [[Elaine Showalter]] frames it in her 1979 essay, "Towards a Feminist Poetics"]; her reluctance to "gentleness and sentimentality";<ref name="The Issue of Woman's Economic Independence"/> her hollow definitions of sacrifice; and the synonymy between the natures of the male and the female as stimulation to walk towards regression.

The Indian woman easily accepts subjugation and oppression in the name of family honour and family image and tends to defy what the Vedic sage, "Manu"<ref name="The Issue of Woman's Economic Independence"/> had to declare, "Yatraitastu na pujyante sarvastrataphala kriya" ("where she is not revered, all effort is in vain"),<ref name="The Issue of Woman's Economic Independence"/> and remains unacquainted with what [[Tehmina Durrani]] deliberated in her 1994 autobiography, My Feudal Lord:

"Silence condones injustice, breeds subservience, and fosters a malignant hypocrisy."<ref>Durrani, Tehmina. My Feudal Lord. London:Corgi Books, 1995. Print.</ref>

To Varma, unlike the enlightened women of "both East and West",<ref name="The Issue of Woman's Economic Independence"/> who have snapped "those fetters that men… had used to enslave them in a brutal display of their ownership"<ref name="The Issue of Woman's Economic Independence"/> to arrive as his equal, Indian women remain ignorant of the legal rights that could set them free from the incarcerated walls of a home. Even those who belonged to the genteel hierarchy had no time to soar high as enlightened souls and cogitate over [[women's rights]], deeming books and a dagger of the reason their ultimate means to absolve themselves. According to the essayist, altruism demands a renouncement of all "comforts and luxuries";<ref name="The Issue of Woman's Economic Independence"/> a sacrifice of security as [[Simone de Beauvoir]] asserts in her 1949 philosophical French treatise, [[The Second Sex]].

Elucidating the lives of "women who work in mills and factories"<ref name="The Issue of Woman's Economic Independence"/> as evidencing a chaotic dilemma of belongingness, Mahadevi Varma strongly believes that such enlightened women could possibly obliterate social evils- like [[Sati (practice)|Sati practice]]- that survive as ugly blots over the Indian society and incarcerate women on social and political grounds.

According to Varma, Indian women have always bravely battled varying acrid tribulations. And, a path to a dignified, liberal life could only be written through resilience and devotion.

Varma strongly upheld this stance that a woman, who could incessantly sustain the heat of burning camphor placed over her soft palms at the call of adversity, was never any "less powerful than man",<ref name="The Issue of Woman's Economic Independence"/> and that her feminine strength could easily eclipse the marginalization that society garlands her with, and make the "iron fetters"<ref name="The Issue of Woman's Economic Independence"/> melt like wax in the blaze of her dignity.

'''2. "War and Woman" (1933)'''

"War and Woman" forms a major part of the present collection, proposing a blatant transmogrification that women encountered in all these years because of wars.

Drawing a bridge between the stone and the modern age to highlight a "concrete reality",<ref name="The Issue of Woman's Economic Independence"/> Varma questions man's selfishness and his increasing inclination towards wars and gore violence, and the trepidation psyche of women while the male lot happily participated in wars. She, further, asserts that this barbarity of man has been doctored by women and that the process of transformation from boorishness to tenderness has been feasible only by virtue of women's "innate common sense".<ref name="The Issue of Woman's Economic Independence"/> It was the foundation of a sentimental institution called "home"<ref name="The Issue of Woman's Economic Independence"/> at the hands of women that digressed the ugly medieval trajectory towards genteel civilization, emotionally binding man with his family and their expectations.

However, with a sudden upheaval of greed and cold materialism, a woman's constant pieces of advice challenged the superiority and intellectuality of man in domestic and social life, provoking an assertion about women's fragile anatomy being the sole reason for her abhorrence towards wars.

In response to which, women soared high, and deemed weapons their ornaments, and war a tool to seek revenge from the 'supreme creator', to undermine the stereotypical opinions of the male lot, which, however, resulted in man's ultimate triumph- their needs were cultivated; their "army of women"<ref name="The Issue of Woman's Economic Independence"/> was established and was ready to behead the infants of others.

'''3. "The Curse of Womanhood" (1933)'''

"The Curse of [[Womanhood]]" tends to bring to light a woman's eroding "individuality, liveliness and aspirations"<ref name="The Issue of Woman's Economic Independence"/> by a landslide of "sacrifice, forbearance and self-abnegation";<ref name="The Issue of Woman's Economic Independence"/> and the extinguishing of the candle of equality in the name of her "frailty".<ref name="The Issue of Woman's Economic Independence"/>

Beginning with a poignant presentation of the transfixed status of Indian women whose "ascent"<ref name="The Issue of Woman's Economic Independence"/> and "descent"<ref name="The Issue of Woman's Economic Independence"/> arrives as incapable of changing the course of her fettered life- deeming the old saying true, "Na sawan sukhe, Na bhado hare"<ref name="The Issue of Woman's Economic Independence"/>-the essayist inscribes the uncontrollable agony, spiritual asphyxiation, and the dismantling of feminine strength, by the male lot, and that have compelled women, since time immemorial, to ignore their human self and wear a cloak of divinity- only to assume "a divine image".<ref name="The Issue of Woman's Economic Independence"/>

Varma deeply explores the rising conundrums and hardships that women incessantly face- from being governed under the ruthless rituals and traditions of widowhood (as in the case of Jyoti from [[Bharati Mukherjee]]'s 1989 novel, [[Jasmine]]) to live as a "neglected human being",<ref name="The Issue of Woman's Economic Independence"/> devoid of compassion, within the four cemented walls of her husband's territory; from being uplifted as "a statue, devoid of all pulsation, vibrancy and human failings"<ref name="The Issue of Woman's Economic Independence"/> to being made to endure the pain of "abduction"<ref name="The Issue of Woman's Economic Independence"/>- and powerfully refers to the nerve-racking episodes of Sita's 'Agni-Pariksha’ and the beheading of Renuka by the axe of "Parashuram"<ref name="The Issue of Woman's Economic Independence"/> at the command of his father, Jamadagni, to elucidate the plight of women, and cogitate over womanhood as a curse.

This social imprisonment of women, and their undeterred subjugation from walking on the path to freedom, has its seed in the shastra: "Stri na swaantantryam arhati".<ref name="The Issue of Woman's Economic Independence"/>

Ironically deliberating about the current status of Indian women, the essayist asserts that her emancipation is feasible only by a "few enlightened women and the male society".<ref name="The Issue of Woman's Economic Independence"/> To Varma, only until man would stop thinking of a woman as his subordinate, stimulating the establishment of a more sympathetic outlook, a progressive society could not be brought to life. To the essayist, "a nation-wide movement",<ref name="The Issue of Woman's Economic Independence"/> working in favour of women, is required to come down to common streets that "will arouse everyone and encourage them to strive in the desired direction"<ref name="The Issue of Woman's Economic Independence"/> and eradicate all "cruelties that are a blot on the human race".<ref name="The Issue of Woman's Economic Independence"/>

'''4. "The Modern Woman: A Look at her Status" (1934)'''

"The Modern Woman", basically, arrives as one such piece, in two sections, that voices women's "dissatisfaction at her [own] status",<ref name="The Issue of Woman's Economic Independence"/> who seems anxious about self-identification, and highlights the "apparent differences between woman and man"<ref name="The Issue of Woman's Economic Independence"/> to be a veracious cause of her miserable predicament.

Questioning the game of "give and take"<ref name="The Issue of Woman's Economic Independence"/> played between the two biological constructs, the essay traces a dichotomy between the woman of India and that of the West (in whom, an image of a "progressive, self-centred woman"<ref name="The Issue of Woman's Economic Independence"/> could be best visualized), where the economic independence of the latter is appreciated- an idea that stimulates the central thought of the essay; an idea reverberated by almost every feminist thinker, including Virginia Woolf (in ''A Room of One's Own'') and [[John Stuart Mill]] (in "[[The Subjection of Women]]").

In an attempt to seek permanent solutions to her depravity, the Indian woman "finally rebelled",<ref name="The Issue of Woman's Economic Independence"/> and deemed the western woman "her guiding spirit",<ref name="The Issue of Woman's Economic Independence"/> assuming the form of "another man",<ref name="The Issue of Woman's Economic Independence"/> as the essayist addresses her in "War and Woman".

Moving to the second half of the essay, Varma dichotomizes the modern woman into three distinct categories- akin to the "three streams of Triveni"<ref name="The Issue of Woman's Economic Independence"/>- that easily unfolds the deeper meaning of life: i. "those who have set aside their age-long fetters and given unprecedented help to men in the last few years to make [the] political movement dynamic";<ref name="The Issue of Woman's Economic Independence"/> ii. those "who have made their education and awareness a means of livelihood as well as means for public welfare";<ref name="The Issue of Woman's Economic Independence"/> and, iii. those "who have combined their meagre education with considerable Western modernity to cast their domestic life into a new mould."<ref name="The Issue of Woman's Economic Independence"/>

As the essay goes down the line, Varma begins to cogitate over the definition of modernity that varied from woman to woman in accordance to their own needs, taking up the encounters faced by women, who participated in national movements, as an archetype, and who "perceived modernity as a form of national awakening".<ref name="The Issue of Woman's Economic Independence"/>

Employing rebellion (in almost every essay of ''Links in the Chain'', 'rebellion' has been showcased as the primary medium of female emancipation) as her "infallible weapon",<ref name="The Issue of Woman's Economic Independence"/> the essay turns to assert that "the enlightened and educated women of today"<ref name="The Issue of Woman's Economic Independence"/> only remembers "the factors responsible for her deplorable condition",<ref name="The Issue of Woman's Economic Independence"/> and now only yearns to seek the ultimate goal. Her task would uplift her quality of living:

"The task of the woman- a forerunner of revolution and the flag-bearer of freedom- will conclude with the wholesome reconstruction of life and not its destruction."<ref name="The Issue of Woman's Economic Independence"/>

"The Modern Woman", therefore, finally ends on a note of gleeful hope, only if humanity, exclusively women, understands the deeper nuances of life, and take rebellion only as a means to express discontentment and to assert one's demands to achieve an exuberant future.

'''5. "Home and Beyond" (1934)'''

"Home and Beyond"- divided into three distinct parts- takes up the subject of the age-old inhibitions, imposed on women, is significantly contributing to the development of society as a whole.

Assigning a "fixed solitary goal"<ref name="The Issue of Woman's Economic Independence"/> to achieve, the essayist asserts that women were marginalized within the four walls of the home in an attempt to nurture their "innate gentleness... motherhood"<ref name="The Issue of Woman's Economic Independence"/> and womanhood, which only stimulated the emergence of a dilemmatic predicament before them- as to where does their work-zone lie, "within the home or beyond".<ref name="The Issue of Woman's Economic Independence"/>

However, with "the current of time",<ref name="The Issue of Woman's Economic Independence"/> Varma proposes, the birth of rebellion took place that made the male lot work according to logic and reason, and synthesized co-ordination, between the home and beyond, amongst the 'second sex', relegating the age-old thought- "It should be so because it has always been so."<ref name="The Issue of Woman's Economic Independence"/>- to the background.

Proposing, before women, to assume the role of the British writer, [[Aphra Behn]] (that is, to earn through writing, or working in the field of literature), Varma highlights that progression of feeble individualities is practically possible only through the determination of the position of man, which would leave, both woman and man, in a state to be addressed either as "progressive individuals or mere automatons".<ref name="The Issue of Woman's Economic Independence"/>

'''6. "The Hindu Woman's Wifehood" (1934)'''

"The Hindu Woman's Wifehood", basically, comes up to address "development and destruction"<ref name="The Issue of Woman's Economic Independence"/> as the two sides of a 'change-named coin', and, consequently, draws an analogy between the positive-and-constructive and negative-and-destructive changes that occur in "flowing water"<ref name="The Issue of Woman's Economic Independence"/> and "stagnant water"<ref name="The Issue of Woman's Economic Independence"/> respectively, where the static and mundane nature of women's societal and domestic existence makes her assume the role of the latter.

Highlighting the supremacy of the notion of education over the institution of marriage, Varma addresses the "primary goal"<ref name="The Issue of Woman's Economic Independence"/> of women to be either wifehood or motherhood- a thought that reverberates in "Home and Beyond"- where she is expected to mould herself into either a loving nurturer of children or an object of man's sexual gratification (as in the case of Mohammadi Begum from [[Rashid Jahan]]'s 1932 [[one-act play]], ''Behind the Veil'').

This objectification of her identity, and the society's undeterred unacceptability of her 'self', stimulated her ornamentation of rebellion as a means to attain liberation and emancipation; the replacement of imposed "roles"<ref name="The Issue of Woman's Economic Independence"/> with obvious "duties";<ref name="The Issue of Woman's Economic Independence"/> the denouncement of "grahastha ashram"<ref name="The Issue of Woman's Economic Independence"/> as a subjugating phase of life; and the dilapidation of the country's "remaining dignity"<ref name="The Issue of Woman's Economic Independence"/> because of society's inability to understand her plight, where Varma concludes her essay.

'''7. "The Trafficking of Life" (1934)'''

"The Trafficking of Life" arrives as a rather sensitive piece, in two distinct parts, that brings to light the subject of prostitution as a means of livelihood for a few women.

Showcasing the delicate framework of a woman, who attempted to control man by virtue of the "strength of her feminity",<ref name="The Issue of Woman's Economic Independence"/> Varma brands a woman's arrival into the phase of motherhood- a change of roles- as solely responsible for the gesticulation of the male lot's transgression towards prostitution; "the decline of the human race from time to time."<ref name="The Issue of Woman's Economic Independence"/>

"The Trafficking of Life" dichotomizes the role of a wife and that of a prostitute: where a wife assumes the form of "the holy water of the Ganga"<ref name="The Issue of Woman's Economic Independence"/>- incapable of feeding a man's [[Zoophilia|bestiality]]; a prostitute, on the other hand, is "like wine"<ref name="The Issue of Woman's Economic Independence"/>- eternally young, providing momentary pleasure, and approached only for the sake of entertainment.

The present essay tends to highlight the miserable plight of scarlet women and the trauma and diabolical risks that their profession brings. And even though it supports their livelihood, a dignified life could never be achieved, which is because of man's partial and crippled outlook towards life and women, and because of society's marginalized mechanism that deprives women, and women alone, obliterating every ray of hope and "change in the lives of these fallen women."<ref name="The Issue of Woman's Economic Independence"/>

'''8. "The Issue of Woman's Economic Independence"(1935)'''

The present piece, "The Issue of Woman's Economic Independence", basically, highlights- in two sections- the supremacy of wealth in a global context that "has always been a blind follower of power",<ref name="The Issue of Woman's Economic Independence"/> as Varma writes.

Resonating the stance that Virginia Woolf poses in her 1929 extended essay, ''A Room of One's Own'', about the economic independence of women over man and the absence of a room (a metaphor for self-identification) of her own, the essayist asserts that in the Indian sub-continent, women "received the exalted status of a sahdharmacharini for participating in the religious activities and that of a grahini for looking after the house",<ref name="The Issue of Woman's Economic Independence"/> and that man was garlanded as "the grihapati, the master of the house",<ref name="The Issue of Woman's Economic Independence"/> proposing that this domestic dichotomy solely held the onus for the inferior status of women both in-home and beyond.

Identifying the notion of "dissatisfaction"<ref name="The Issue of Woman's Economic Independence"/> as the source of bewilderment in society, the essay highlights that the liberation of women would only stimulate an optimistic progression of society and that until man would stop thinking of a woman as "either a means of comfort or a burden",<ref name="The Issue of Woman's Economic Independence"/> the development of the country in a constructive way won't be feasible. Varma affirms that the economic independence of women is the key to a gleeful life- a stance that every feminist would agree with.

'''9. "Our Problems" (1936)'''

Divided into two distinct halves, "Our Problems", basically, begins with sketching a concrete line of the dichotomy between "the educated and uneducated classes, much like the [[Ganges|Ganga]] and [[Yamuna]]",<ref name="The Issue of Woman's Economic Independence"/> and tends to highlight the contradictory function that education, in the modern times, performs- that of a dividing chasm.

Taking the support of tradition, the essayist asserts, however, the Indian women, on the contrary, took education as a key to "strength and power";<ref name="The Issue of Woman's Economic Independence"/> as a forceful medium that would help them remove the tag of "the mistresses of the kingdom of ignorance".<ref name="The Issue of Woman's Economic Independence"/> Varma provides a quintessence of the enlightened role that women are performing "in the field of medicine"<ref name="The Issue of Woman's Economic Independence"/> to support her stance in this context.

According to Varma, women took education as a means of the humanization of character and realized the true value of education in a being's intellectual development. However, the institution of marriage and the "flawed social arrangements related to" it,<ref name="The Issue of Woman's Economic Independence"/> soon dilapidated the possibility of a better future for women, in particular, and society, in general, and made education assume the verisimilitude of a thought that could reach the zenith of efficacy.

The orthodox and tapered framework, and outlook, of society towards female emancipation, to the essayist, becomes the basic foundation over which several other correspondent problems cultivate, and also the reason behind the bitterness and agony of womankind at the same time.

'''10. "Society and the Individual" (1937)'''

"Society and the Individual" exclusively arrives to deal with the mutual "relationship between the individual and society"<ref name="The Issue of Woman's Economic Independence"/> [as the title suggests], and calls for an internally consistent harmony between the two.

Varma, further, asserts that "society has two foundation stones- the [[distribution of wealth]] and the relationship between man and woman"<ref name="The Issue of Woman's Economic Independence"/>- where the latter draws the attention of the essayist, who strongly believes that it is prejudiced and has been doctored with; it is "a form of bestiality which lacked responsibility."<ref name="The Issue of Woman's Economic Independence"/>

Highlighting the absence of unification, "the disparity in the distribution of wealth",<ref name="The Issue of Woman's Economic Independence"/> and the deplorable "status accorded to… women",<ref name="The Issue of Woman's Economic Independence"/> as the primary reasons behind the trepidations of the society's foundation, Varma affirms that unless society and its individuals work in accordance with each other, a healthy social order could not be established. She stresses the fact that a "despotic (ruling) society can mark the end of humanity."<ref name="The Issue of Woman's Economic Independence"/>

'''11. "The Art of Living" (1934)'''

"The Art of Living", basically, lays its primary emphasis over the mutual [[symbiosis]] of "theoretical knowledge and practical application"<ref name="The Issue of Woman's Economic Independence"/>- as to how one is incomplete without the other.

Addressing the utilization of this mutual symbiosis as the ultimate art of living, Varma brings to light an analogy of paint colours and a paintbrush's varieties to elucidate her point, and further discusses the integration of "the essential norms for living… as aphorisms in [the] sanskars."<ref name="The Issue of Woman's Economic Independence"/> To Varma, the tenet, "Satyam bruyat- speak the truth",<ref name="The Issue of Woman's Economic Independence"/> for example, lies sequestered and trivial unless it is practically applied and made the fundamental basis of one's life.

The actual internalization of the above-mentioned tenet arrives when one is able to lie that would save "the life of an innocent",<ref name="The Issue of Woman's Economic Independence"/> rather than embracing veracity that would only lead to "an innocent's death".<ref name="The Issue of Woman's Economic Independence"/>

As the essay goes down the line, Varma cogitates over the nationwide ignorance of the art of living as a curse, and inscribes the apathy that has been inflicted upon Indian women since time immemorial because of her ignorance of "that art of living".<ref name="The Issue of Woman's Economic Independence"/>

To the essayist, the divine qualities that an Indian woman is adorned with are enough to make a "woman of any other nation a goddess".<ref name="The Issue of Woman's Economic Independence"/> However, an Indian woman's "spirit of sacrifice"<ref name="The Issue of Woman's Economic Independence"/> and "limitless fortitude"<ref name="The Issue of Woman's Economic Independence"/> hinders her quest to "bring those divine qualities alive",<ref name="The Issue of Woman's Economic Independence"/> subjugating her to an incarcerated position of an "Ardhangini"<ref name="The Issue of Woman's Economic Independence"/> who is incessantly compelled to embody the attributes of an "ideal Sita-Savitri".<ref name="The Issue of Woman's Economic Independence"/>

Branding the Hindu woman as a corpse, Varma asserts that somewhere in the middle of this flummoxed predicament, the onus of a relegated status lies with the Indian woman herself. And though she possesses certain principles that could mesmerize her life, a "wrong utilization"<ref name="The Issue of Woman's Economic Independence"/> of those principles renounces every trace of hope of liberation in her life. An analogy of a "beautiful bracelet"<ref name="The Issue of Woman's Economic Independence"/> comes forward to explicate the essayist's brisk stance.

Towards the end, Varma holds "the social environment"<ref name="The Issue of Woman's Economic Independence"/> responsible, at the same time, for a woman's "mute obedience"<ref name="The Issue of Woman's Economic Independence"/> to the diabolical laws of society. According to her, the feasibility of a better life gets amplified only through a subtle intertwining of "external and internal progress"<ref name="The Issue of Woman's Economic Independence"/> in both man and woman:

"Only when both the man and the woman become vested with human dignity will the art of living to be able to thrive, with its goal being to make such human traits as kindness, animation and love more and more pervasive."<ref name="The Issue of Woman's Economic Independence"/>

[[Mahadevi Varma]] wrote in support of the emancipation of women in India across multiple domains. In her work ''Links in the Chain'', she addressed the subordination of female identity within patriarchal social structures, and sought to encourage Indian women across caste and class divisions to advance both within the domestic sphere and beyond it.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:1942 non-fiction books]]
[[Category:1942 essays]]
[[Category:Indian essay collections]]
[[Category:Works about sexism]]

Ichalkaranji Municipal Corporation

2026-04-16T13:53:55Z

Vilianaizi:

{{Short description|In Kolhapur District, Maharashtra, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2024}}
{{Infobox legislature
| background_color = orange
| name = Ichalkaranji Municipal Corporation
| native_name = इचलकरंजी महानगरपालिका
| native_name_lang = Marathi
| house_type = [[Municipal Corporation]]
| established = 2022
| leader1_type = Mayor
| leader2_type = Commissioner and Administrator
| leader1 = Shri. Uday Dhatunde
| party1 = [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]] <ref>{{Cite web|title=कोल्हापूर Ichalkaranji Mayor|url=https://pudhari.news/maharashtra/kolhapur/uday-dhatunde-elected-unopposed-ichalkaranji-mayor-mk94|website=[[Pudhari]] News|date=16 February 2026 |language=mr}}</ref>
| leader2 = Mrs. Pallavi Patil <ref>{{Cite web|title=Ichalkaranji Municipal Corporation|url=https://ichalkaranjimnp.in/|website=[[Ichalkaranji Municipal Corporation]]|date=14 February 2026 |language=en}}</ref>
| seats = 65
| structure1 = File:IMC.svg
| structure1_res = 250px
| political_groups1 = '''Government (47)'''
:*{{Party legend|Bharatiya Janata Party|43}}
:*{{Party legend|Shiv Sena|3}}
:*{{Party legend|Nationalist Congress Party|1}}

'''Other Opposition (24)'''
:*{{Color box|#FBEC20}} SSVA (17)
:*{{Party legend|Shiv Sena (UBT)|1}}
| last_election1 = [[2025–26 Maharashtra local election|15 January 2026]]<ref>{{cite web |title=BMC, 28 other municipal corporations to go for polls on January 15; result on January 16 |url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/maharashtra/maharashtra-bmc-28-other-municipal-corporations-to-go-for-polls-on-january-15-result-on-january-16-latest-updates-2025-12-15-1021804 |publisher=India TV News |date=15 December 2025}} </ref>
| next_election1 = 2031
| website = {{url|https://ichalkaranjimnp.in/|Ichalkaranji Municipal Corporation}}
| text_color = Black
| preceded_by = Ichalkaranji Municipal Council, Estd.1904. <ref>{{Cite web|title=About Corporation - Ichalkaranji Municipal Corporation|url=https://ichalkaranjimnp.in/about-corporation/|website=[[Ichalkaranji Municipal Corporation]]|date=10 April 2026 |language=en}}</ref>
}}

The '''Ichalkaranji Municipal Corporation''' is D grade '''[[Municipal Corporation]]''' of [[Kolhapur]] District, [[Maharashtra]], the governing body of the city of [[Ichalkaranji]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=अवघ्या दहा महिन्यापूर्वी स्थापन झालेली इचलकरंजी महापालिका नागरी विकासकामांत राज्यात प्रथम; कोल्हापूर तिसऱ्या स्थानावर|url=https://www.loksatta.com/kolhapur/ichalkaranji-municipal-corporation-first-in-the-state-in-urban-development-ysh-95-3604417/|website=[[Loksatta]]|date=20 April 2023 |language=mr}}</ref> The [[municipal corporation]] consists of democratically elected members, is headed by a [[mayor]] and administers the city's infrastructure, public services and supplies.<ref>{{Cite web|title=विश्लेषण: इचलकरंजीदेखील महापालिका!; देशात सर्वाधिक महाराष्ट्रात…|url=https://www.loksatta.com/explained/explained-transformation-of-ichalkaranji-municipality-in-kolhapur-district-into-a-corporation-abn-97-2916973/|website=[[Loksatta]]|date=6 May 2022 |language=mr}}</ref> Members from the state's leading various political parties hold elected offices in the corporation.<ref>{{Cite web|title=इचलकरंजी ही महाराष्ट्रातील २८ वी महापालिका घोषित, राज्य सरकारची घोषणा|url=https://marathi.abplive.com/news/maharashtra/kolhapur-ichalkaranji-is-the-28th-municipal-corporation-of-maharashtra-state-govt-announment-1056598|website=[[ABP Majha]]|date=5 May 2022 |language=mr}}</ref>

In 2022, the Maharashtra State cabinet decided to elevate '''Ichalkaranji''' to a '''Municipal Corporation''', as the city’s population surpassed '''287,570''' in the 2011 census. While the administration was initially managed by an appointed commissioner, the '''first general election''' for the Municipal Corporation was successfully conducted on '''January 15, 2025'''. This transition from a City Council to a Municipal Corporation was finalized to provide the city with greater financial autonomy and better resources to improve urban infrastructure.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Ichalkaranji To Become Municipal Corporation - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolhapur/ichalkaranji-to-become-municipal-corporation/articleshow/91387475.cms|website=[[The Times of India]]|date=7 May 2022 }}</ref>

== List of Mayors ==

{| class="wikitable"
!Mayor
! colspan="2" |Party
!Duration
|-
|Shri. Uday Dhatunde
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|[[File:Lotus_flower_symbol.svg|25x25px]]
|''10/02/2026 - Present''
|-
|}

== Election results ==

=== 2026 ===

(Result on 16th January, 2026)<ref>{{Cite web|title=Election result- Ichalkaranji Municipal Corporation|url=https://ichalkaranjimnp.in/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%20%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%95%20%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2.pdf|website=[[Ichalkaranji Municipal Corporation]]|date=16 April 2026 |language=en}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="3" |Party
!Seats
!+/-
|-
| style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |
|'''[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]'''
|[[File:Lotus_flower_symbol.svg|25x25px]]
|'''43'''
|{{New entry}}
|-
|
|Shivshahu Vikas Aghadi
|
|17
|{{New entry}}
|-
| style="background-color: {{party color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}}" |
|[[Shiv Sena (2022–present)|Shiv Sena]]
|[[File:Indian_Election_Symbol_Bow_And_Arrow2.svg|25x25px]]
|3
|{{New entry}}
|-
| style="background-color: {{party color|Nationalist Congress Party}}" |
|[[Nationalist Congress Party]]
|[[File:Clock symbol of NCP.png|25x25px]]
|1
|{{New entry}}
|-
| style="background-color: {{party color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}" |
|[[Shiv Sena (UBT)]]
|[[File:Indian_Election_Symbol_Flaming_Torch.png|37x37px]]
|1
|{{New entry}}
|-
| colspan="3" |{{center|'''Total'''}}
|65
|
|}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Municipal Corporations in Maharashtra}}

[[Category:Municipal corporations in Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Ichalkaranji]]

Limkheda Assembly constituency

2026-04-15T23:47:36Z

Vilianaizi: Put up a pg - done

{{short description|Legislative Assembly constituency in Gujarat State, India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2017}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Limkheda
| state = Gujarat
| district = [[Dahod district|Dahod]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Dahod Lok Sabha constituency|Dahod]]
| established = 1967
| reservation = ST
| type = SLA
| constituency_no = 131
| mla = [[Naresh Baria]]
| party = [[Aam Aadmi Party]]
| latest_election_year = [[2022 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election|2022]]
| electors = {{formatnum:223066}}<ref name=election2022>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/14750-gujarat-general-legislative-election-2022/ |title=Gujarat General Legislative Election 2022 |publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date= 18 April 2023}}</ref>{{update after|2028|2}}
}}
'''Limkheda''' is one of the 182 [[Gujarat Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]] constituencies of [[Gujarat]] state in [[India]].<ref name=gjceo>{{cite web |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140125011107/http://ceo.gujarat.gov.in/download/PCAC.pdf |url=http://ceo.gujarat.gov.in/download/PCAC.pdf |archive-date=25 January 2014 |title=Parliament / Assembly constituency wise PS & Electors Detail - Draft Roll - 2014 |access-date= 1 June 2021|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/delim/Final_Publications/Gujarat/gujarat.pdf |title=Gujarat: Order No. 33: Table-A: Assembly constituency and Their Extent |date=12 December 2006 |website=Election Commission of India |publisher=Delimitation Commission of India |pages=2–31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305015941/http://eci.nic.in/delim/Final_Publications/Gujarat/gujarat.pdf |archive-date=5 March 2016 |url-status=dead |access-date=12 February 2017 }}</ref> It is part of [[Dahod district|Dahod]] district and is reserved for candidates belonging to the [[Scheduled Tribes]].

==List of segments==
This assembly seat represents the following segments,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/delim/Final_Publications/Gujarat/gujarat.pdf |title=Gujarat: Order No. 33: Table-A: Assembly constituency and Their Extent |date=12 December 2006 |website=Election Commission of India |publisher=Delimitation Commission of India |pages=2–31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305015941/http://eci.nic.in/delim/Final_Publications/Gujarat/gujarat.pdf |archive-date= 5 March 2016 |url-status=dead |access-date=12 February 2017 }}</ref>

# Limkheda Taluka

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Year
!Member
!Picture
!colspan="2"|Party
|-
|[[1967 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election|1967]]
|Virsingh Bhulabhai Pasaya
|
|
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|[[1972 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election|1972]]
|[[Virsinh Mohaniya]]
|
|
|[[Indian National Congress (Organisation)|Indian National Congress]]
|-
|[[1975 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election|1975]]
|[[Virsinh Mohaniya]]
|
|
|[[Indian National Congress (Organisation)|Indian National Congress]]
|-
|[[1980 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election|1980]]
|Virsingh Bhulabhai Pasaya
|
|
|[[Indian National Congress (Organisation)|Indian National Congress]]
|-
|[[2007 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election|2007]]
|Chandrikaben Baraiya
|
|
|[[Indian National Congress (Organisation)|Indian National Congress]]
|-
|[[2012 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election|2012]]
|Jaswantsinh Bhabhor
|
|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
|[[2017 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election|2017]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Shailesh Bhabhor|Shailesh Sumanbhai Bhabhor]]<ref name="election2017" /> || rowspan="2" |
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party | rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[2022 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election|2022]]

|}

==Election results==
=== 2022 ===
<section begin="Assembly Election 2022"/>
{{Election box begin|
|title=[[2022 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election|Gujarat Assembly election, 2022]]:Limkheda Assembly constituency }}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=[[Shailesh Bhabhor]]|party=Bharatiya Janata Party|votes=69417|percentage=43.13|change=}}

{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Naresh Puna Baria|party=Aam Aadmi Party|votes=65754|percentage=46.69|change=}}

{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Gondiya Rameshkumar Badiyabhai|party=Indian National Congress|votes=8093|percentage=5.38|change=0}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Laxmansinh Lalsingbhai Vadkiya|party=Independent|votes=2840|percentage=1.89|change=}}

{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=[[None of the above]]|party=None of the above|votes=2357|percentage=1.57|change=}}
{{Election box majority||votes=|percentage=2.44|change=}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box registered electors
|reg. electors = {{formatnum:218497}}
|ref=<ref name="Gujarat Elections ECI">{{cite web |title=Gujarat Legislative Elections |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/category/72-gujarat/ |website=Election Commission of India |access-date=18 May 2022}}</ref>
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Aam Aadmi Party
|loser =
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}<section end="Assembly Election 2022"/>

=== 2017 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2017 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election|Gujarat Legislative Assembly Election, 2017]]: Limkheda<ref name=election2017>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3841-gujarat-general-legislative-election-2017/ |title=Gujarat General Legislative Election 2017 |publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date= 11 July 2021}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|candidate = [[Shailesh Bhabhor]]
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes = 74,078
|percentage = 53.01
|change = +2.88
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Maheshbhai Tadvi|party=Indian National Congress|votes=54,764|percentage=39.19|change=+0.49}}

{{Election box majority||votes=19,314|percentage=13.82|change=+2.39}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=1,39,752|percentage=74.60|change=-5.54}}
{{Election box hold with party link|

|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|loser =
|swing =

}}
{{Election box end}}

===2012===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2012 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election|Gujarat Assembly Election, 2012]]}}<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://ceo.gujarat.gov.in/download/Detail_Report_AC2012.pdf |title=Statistical Report on General Election, 2012 to the Legislative Assembly of Gujarat |access-date=28 October 2014 |archive-date=26 November 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131126215052/http://ceo.gujarat.gov.in/download/Detail_Report_AC2012.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Jashvntbhai Bhabhor
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes = 67219
|percentage = 50.13
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Punabhai Baraiya
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = 51888
|percentage = 38.70
|change =
}}

{{Election box majority|
|votes = 15331
|percentage = 11.43
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 134082
|percentage = 80.14
|change =
}}
{{Election box gain with party link|

|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|loser = Indian National Congress
|swing =

}}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
* [[List of constituencies of Gujarat Legislative Assembly]]
* [[Gujarat Legislative Assembly]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{cite web |title=Results of Gujarat Assembly Elections |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/category/72-gujarat/ |website=eci.gov.in |publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date=15 March 2022}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Gujarat|state=expanded}}
{{Gujarat elections|state=collapsed}}

{{coord|22.84|73.99|display=title}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Gujarat]]
[[Category:Dahod district]]
[[Category:Politics of Gujarat]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1967]]
[[Category:1967 establishments in Gujarat]]

Babain Assembly constituency

2026-04-15T23:38:39Z

Vilianaizi: new new post.

{{Short description|Constituency of the Haryana legislative assembly in India}}

{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Babain Assembly constituency
|type= SLA
|state = [[Haryana]]
|established = 1967
|abolished = 1972
|electors = 58,029
|mla = Chand Ram
|party = {{Party index link|Independent politician}}
| constituency_no =
| latest_election_year = [[1972 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|1972]]
| district =
| loksabha_cons =
| reservation =
}}
'''Babain Assembly constituency '''was an assembly constituency in the [[India]] [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[Haryana]].

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Election
! Member
! colspan=2|Party
|-
|-
| [[1967 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|1967]] || rowspan=3 | Chand Ram || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[1968 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|1968]] || {{Full party name with color|Independent politician|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[1972 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|1972]]
|}

== Election results ==
===Assembly Election 1972 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1972 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]]: Babain<ref>{{Cite web|title=🗳️ Haryana Assembly Election 1972: LIVE Election Results, Election Dates, Schedule, Leading Candidates & Parties {{!}} Latest News Updates, Exit Polls, Analysis & Statistics on Assembly Election|url=https://www.latestly.com/elections/assembly-elections/haryana/1972/|access-date=2021-07-28|website=LatestLY|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210723231520/https://www.latestly.com/elections/assembly-elections/haryana/1972/|archive-date=23 July 2021}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Chand Ram |party=Independent politician |votes=15,728 |percentage=42.55% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ulsi Ram |party=Indian National Congress |votes=15,584 |percentage=42.16% |change={{increase}}7.27 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Manga |party=Independent politician |votes=3,594 |percentage=9.72% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Nasib Singh |party=Independent politician |votes=2,060 |percentage=5.57% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=144 |percentage=0.39% |change= {{decrease}}15.82 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=36,966 |percentage=66.42% |change= {{increase}}13.36 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 58,029 |ref = |change= {{increase}}10.29 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Independent politician |loser=Independent politician |swing= {{decrease}}8.55 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 1968 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1968 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]]: Babain}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Chand Ram |party=Independent politician |votes=13,535 |percentage=51.09% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Teka |party=Indian National Congress |votes=9,242 |percentage=34.89% |change={{decrease}}25.88 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ratia Ram |party=Independent politician |votes=1,511 |percentage=5.70% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Rikha Ram |party=Vishal Haryana Party |votes=1,067 |percentage=4.03% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Verindra Kumar |party=Independent politician |votes=464 |percentage=1.75% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Bisakhi Ram |party=Independent politician |votes=411 |percentage=1.55% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Puran |party=Independent politician |votes=261 |percentage=0.99% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=4,293 |percentage=16.21% |change= {{decrease}}12.00 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=26,491 |percentage=51.53% |change= {{decrease}}21.88 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 52,617 |ref =<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.elections.in/haryana/assembly-constituencies/1968-election-results.html|title=Haryana Assembly Election Results in 1968
|archive-date=20 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210420012759/https://www.elections.in/haryana/assembly-constituencies/1968-election-results.html}}</ref>
|change= {{increase}}5.53 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Independent politician |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{decrease}}9.67 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 1967 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1967 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]]: Babain}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Chand Ram |party=Indian National Congress |votes=21,884 |percentage=60.76% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=R. Dia |party=Bharatiya Jana Sangh |votes=11,724 |percentage=32.55% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=J. R. Sarup |party=Independent politician |votes=2,407 |percentage=6.68% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=10,160 |percentage=28.21% |change= }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=36,015 |percentage=76.31% |change= }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 49,862 |ref = |change= }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner=Indian National Congress |loser= |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Haryana}}
{{coords|30.07|76.98|display=title}}

[[Category:Former assembly constituencies of Haryana]]
[[Category:Politics of Haryana]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1967]]
[[Category:Constituencies disestablished in 1972]]
[[Category:1967 establishments in Haryana]]
[[Category:1972 disestablishments in India]]

{{Haryana-geo-stub}}

Ratlam City Assembly constituency

2026-04-15T02:13:40Z

Vilianaizi: Made A Place Basic Info

{{Short description|Constituency of the Madhya Pradesh legislative assembly in India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Ratlam City
| type = SLA
| constituency_no = 220
| map_image = 220-Ratlam City.svg
| state = [[Madhya Pradesh]]
| district = [[Ratlam district|Ratlam]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Ratlam Lok Sabha constituency|Ratlam]]
| established = 1951
| reservation = None
| mla = [[Chetanya Kasyap]]
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| latest_election_year = [[2023 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2023]]
| preceded_by = Paras Dada
}}

'''Ratlam City Assembly constituency''' is one of the 230 constituencies of [[Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]. It is a segment of [[Ratlam (Lok Sabha constituency)|Ratlam]] [[Lok Sabha]] constituency, and lies in [[Ratlam district]].

==Members of Vidhan Sabha==
As part of [[Madhya Bharat]] Legislative Assembly :
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Election
!Name
!colspan=2|Party
|-
| colspan="4"| ''1952-1957 : Ratlam City''
|-
| [[1952 Madhya Bharat Legislative Assembly election|1952]]
| Premsingh
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|}

As part of [[Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly]] :

{| class="wikitable"
|-
!Election
!Name
!colspan=2|Party
|-
| colspan="4"| ''1957-1977 : Ratlam''
|-
| [[1957 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1957]]
| Suman Jain
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[1962 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1962]]
| Babulal Nathulal
| {{Full party name with color|Independent (politician)}}
|-
| [[1967 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1967]]
| Devisingh
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[1972 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1972]]
| Akbarali Arif
|-
| colspan="4"| ''1977-2008 : Ratlam Town''
|-
| [[1977 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1977]]
| rowspan="4"| [[Himmat Kothari]]
|{{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}
|-
| [[1980 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1980]]
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=3}}
|-
| [[1985 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1985]]
|-
| [[1990 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1990]]
|-
| [[1993 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1993]]
| Shiv Kumar Jhalani
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[1998 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1998]]
| rowspan="2"| [[Himmat Kothari]]
| {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[2003 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2003]]
|-
| colspan="4"| ''2008 onwards : Ratlam City''
|-
| [[2008 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2008]]
| Paras Dada
| {{Full party name with color|Independent (politician)}}
|-
| [[2013 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2013]]
| rowspan="3"| [[Chetanya Kasyap]]
| {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=3}}
|-
| [[2018 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2018]]
|-
| [[2023 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2023]]
|}

==Election results==
=== 2023 ===
{{Election box begin
|title = [[2023 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Ratlam City<ref name="election2023">{{Cite web |title=Madhya Pradesh General Legislative Election 2023 Statistical Report |url=https://www.eci.gov.in/mp-legislative-election-2023-statistical-report |website=[[Election Commission of India]]}}</ref>

}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = [[Chetanya Kasyap]]
|votes = {{formatnum:109656}}
|percentage = 67.83
|change = +4.17
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Paras Dada
|votes = {{formatnum:48948}}
|percentage = 30.28
|change = -3.32
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = {{formatnum:1367}}
|percentage = 0.85
|change = -0.21
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:60708}}
|percentage = 37.55
|change = +7.49
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:161659}}
|percentage = 74.68
|change = +1.65
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|loser =
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2018 ===
{{Election box begin | title= [[2018 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Ratlam City<ref name=election2018>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/9685-madhya-pradesh-legislative-election-2018-statistical-report/ |title=Statistical Report on General Election, 2018 to the Legislative Assembly of Madhya Pradesh |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |accessdate=30 September 2021}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|candidate = [[Chetanya Kasyap]]
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes = {{formatnum:91986}}
|percentage = 63.66
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Premlata Dave
|votes = {{formatnum:48551}}
|percentage = 33.6
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = {{formatnum:1529}}
|percentage = 1.06
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:43435}}
|percentage = 30.06
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:144487}}
|percentage = 73.03
|change =
}}
{{Election box gain with party link
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|loser =
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2013===
* Chetanya Kumar Kashyap (BJP) : 76,184 votes <ref name="election2013">{{Cite web|url=https://www.elections.in/madhya-pradesh/assembly-constituencies/2013-election-results.html|title=Madhya Pradesh (MP) Assembly (Vidhan Sabha) Election 2013 - Results, Polling Stats, Winners and more|website=www.elections.in}}</ref>
* Smt Adity Dawesar (Congress) : 35,879
* Paras Dada (Ind.) : 14969

===2008===
* Paras Dada (Ind.) : 62,364 votes
* Himmat Kothari (BJP)
* Pramod Gugalia (Congress) : 4465

===1962===
* Babulal Nathulal (Ind.) : 16,476 votes <ref name="election1962">{{Cite web|url=https://www.elections.in/madhya-pradesh/assembly-constituencies/1962-election-results.html|title=Madhya Pradesh Assembly Election Results in 1962|website=www.elections.in}}</ref>
* Dr. Devi Singh Surajmal (INC) : 14704

==See also==
* [[Ratlam]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Madhya Pradesh}}
{{coords|23.34|75.04|display=title}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:Politics of Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:Ratlam]]
[[Category:Ratlam district]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1951]]

Razole Assembly constituency

2026-04-14T03:34:16Z

Vilianaizi: Made The Entry Needs Work

{{Short description|Constituency of the Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2024}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Razole
| map_image = Legislative Assembly constituencies of Andhra Pradesh (45-Razole highlighted).png
| map_caption = Location of Razole Assembly constituency within Andhra Pradesh
| state = [[Andhra Pradesh]]
| district = [[Konaseema district|Konaseema]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Amalapuram Lok Sabha constituency|Amalapuram]]
| reservation = SC
| established = 1951
| constituency_no = 45
| type = SLA
| mla = [[Deva Varaprasad]]
| party = {{Party index link|Janasena Party}}
| alliance = {{Party index link|National Democratic Alliance}}
| latest_election_year = [[2024 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2024]]
| electors = 186,819
}}
'''Razole''' is a [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|Scheduled Caste]] reserved constituency in [[Konaseema district]] of [[Andhra Pradesh]] that elects representatives to the [[Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly]] in [[India]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ceoandhra.nic.in/ceoap_new/ceo/documents/Electors_Summary%20_25.03.2019.pdf|title=Electors Summary|date=25 May 2019|website=Chief Electoral Officer, Andhra Pradesh|access-date=24 May 2019}}</ref> It is one of the seven assembly segments of [[Amalapuram Lok Sabha constituency]].<ref name="constituencies">{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/CurrentElections/CONSOLIDATED_ORDER%20_ECI%20.pdf|title=Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 2008|date=17 December 2018|website=The Election Commission of India|pages=19, 30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181003220916/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/CurrentElections/CONSOLIDATED_ORDER%20_ECI%20.pdf|archive-date=3 October 2018|url-status=dead|access-date=24 May 2019}}</ref>

[[Deva Varaprasad]] is the current [[Member of Legislative Assembly (India)|MLA]] of the constituency, having won the [[2024 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]] from [[Janasena Party]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Assembly Election 2019 |url=http://results.eci.gov.in/ac/en/constituencywise/ConstituencywiseS011.htm |website=Election Commission of India |access-date=24 May 2019}}</ref> As of 2019, there are a total of 186,819 electors in the constituency.<ref name="electors">{{cite web|url=http://ceoandhra.nic.in/ceoap_new/ceo/documents/Electors_Summary%20_25.03.2019.pdf|title=Electors Summary|date=25 May 2019|website=Chief Electoral Officer, Andhra Pradesh|access-date=24 May 2019}}</ref>{{update after|2024|7}} The constituency was established in 1951, as per the ''Delimitation Orders (1951)''.

== Mandals ==

The four mandals that form the assembly constituency are:<ref name="constituencies" />

{{srn}}
{|class="wikitable sortable static-row-numbers static-row-header-hash"
!Mandal
|-
| [[Razole, East Godavari district|Razole]]
|-
| [[Malikipuram Mandal|Malikipuram]]
|-
| [[Sakhinetipalle]]
|-
| [[Mamidikuduru Mandal|Mamidikuduru]] (Part)
|}

The villages of [[Mamidikuduru Mandal]] that are covered by the constituency are [[Mamidikuduru]], Geddada, Edarada, Komarada, Magatapalle and Gogannamatham. The other part of this mandal is a part of [[Gannavaram, Konaseema Assembly constituency|Gannavaram]] Assembly constituency.

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year
! Member
! colspan="2" | Political party
|-
| [[1952 Madras State Legislative Assembly election|1952]]
| rowspan=2 |Alluru Venkararamaraju
| {{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[1955 Andhra State Legislative Assembly election|1955]]
|-
| [[1962 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1962]]
| Gaddem Mahalakshmi
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[1967 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1967]]
| G. R. Nayinala
|-
| [[1972 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1972]]
| Bikkina Gopalakrishnarao
| {{Full party name with color|Independent (politician)}}
|-
| [[1978 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1978]]
| Rudraraju Ramalingaraju
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[1983 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1983]]
| rowspan=2 |Alluri Venkata Suryanarayana Raju
| {{Full party name with color|Telugu Desam Party|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[1985 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1985]]
|-
| [[1989 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1989]]
| Mangena Gangaiah
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[1994 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1994]]
| rowspan=2 |Alluru Venkata Suryanarayana Raju
| {{Full party name with color|Telugu Desam Party|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[1999 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1999]]
|-
| [[2004 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2004]]
| Alluri Krishnam Raju
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[2009 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2009]]
| [[Rapaka Vara Prasada Rao]]
|-
| [[2014 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2014]]
| Gollapalli Surya Rao
| {{Full party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}}
|-
| [[2019 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2019]]
| Rapaka Vara Prasada Rao
| {{Full party name with color|Janasena Party|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[2024 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2024]]
| [[Deva Varaprasad]]
|}

== Election results ==
=== 1952 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1952 Madras State Legislative Assembly election]]: Razole<ref>{{cite web | url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1951/STATISTICALREPORTS_51_MADRAS.pdf | title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1951 : To the Legislative Assembly of Madras | publisher=Election Commission of India | access-date=2014-10-14 |archive-date=27 January 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130127201450/https://eci.gov.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1951/STATISTICALREPORTS_51_MADRAS.pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Alluri Venkataramaraju |party=Communist Party of India |votes=41,847 |percentage=20.08% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Akula Buliswami |party=Kisan Mazdoor Praja Party |votes=37,307 |percentage=17.90% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ganji Nagaswara Rao |party=Communist Party of India |votes=34,688 |percentage=16.65% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Pamula Venkataratnam |party=Kisan Mazdoor Praja Party |votes=27,386 |percentage=13.14% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Boyi Bhimanna |party=Indian National Congress |votes=27,311 |percentage=13.11% |change=13.11% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Mupparti Venkataratnam |party=Indian National Congress |votes=23,118 |percentage=11.10% |change=11.10% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Pamula Prakass Rao |party=Republican Party of India |votes=12,653 |percentage=6.07% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Kanteti Narasimharaju |party=Independent politician |votes=4,051 |percentage=1.94% |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=4,540 |percentage=2.18% |change= }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=2,08,361 |percentage=128.80% |change= }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,61,776 |change = }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner=Communist Party of India |loser= |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

=== 1955 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[1955 Andhra State Legislative Assembly election]]: Razole}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Communist Party of India
|candidate = Alluru Venkararamaraju
|votes = 41,515
|percentage = 24.18
|change ={{increase}}4.10
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Kisan Mazdoor Praja Party|candidate=Akula Buliswamy|votes=38,599|percentage=22.49|change={{increase}}4.59}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link||party=Communist Party of India|candidate=Ganji Nageswararao|votes=35,779|percentage=20.84|change={{increase}}4.19}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Independent|candidate=Pamula Prakasarao|votes=27,589|percentage=16.07|change={{increase}}2.93}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Independent|candidate=Alluru Raju|votes=20,132|percentage=11.73|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Independent|candidate=Neethipudi Rao|votes=5,156|percentage=3|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Independent|candidate=Undru Rao|votes=2,891|percentage=1.68|change=}}
{{Election box majority||votes=38,695|percentage=22.53|change={{increase}}20.35}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=171,661|percentage=138.22|change=}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Communist Party of India
|loser =
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 1962 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[1962 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Razole}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Gaddem Mahalakshmi
|votes = 30,460
|percentage = 57.79
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Communist Party of India|candidate=Bhupathi Narayanamurty|votes=22,244|percentage=42.20|change={{decrease}}2.82}}
{{Election box majority||votes=8,216|percentage=15.59|change={{decrease}}6.94}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=52,704|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box gain with party link|
|winner = Indian National Congress
|loser = Communist Party of India
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 1967 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[1967 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Razole}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = G. R. Nayinala
|votes = 17,825
|percentage = 32.39
|change = {{decrease}}25.30
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Independent|candidate=S. Balla|votes=13,680|percentage=24.86|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Communist Party of India|candidate=R. Kanumuru|votes=9,224|percentage=16.76|change={{decrease}}25.44}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Independent|candidate=B. Akula|votes=9,173|percentage=16.67|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Independent|candidate=V. Geddada|votes=5,122|percentage=9.31|change=}}
{{Election box majority||votes=4,145|percentage=7.53|change={{decrease}}8.06}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=55,024|percentage=79.13|change=}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Indian National Congress
|loser =
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 1972 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[1972 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Razole}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Independent
|candidate = Bikkina Gopalakrishnarao
|votes = 37,921
|percentage = 56.70
|change = +13.10
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Indian National Congress|candidate=Rudraraju Ramalingaraju|votes=28,959|percentage=43.30|change=-13.07}}
{{Election box majority||votes=8,962|percentage=13.40|change={{increase}}5.87}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=66,880|percentage=80.53|change={{increase}}1.40}}
{{Election box gain with party link|
|winner = Independent
|loser = Indian National Congress
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 1978 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[1978 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Razole}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Rudraraju Ramalingaraju
|votes = 37,992
|percentage = 51.7
|change = {{increase}}8.4
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Indian National Congress (I)|candidate=Sayyaparaju Gandhiraju|votes=17,652|percentage=24|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Janata Party|candidate=Balla Sreeramulu|votes=17,135|percentage=23.3|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Independent|candidate=Kanety Rao|votes=700|percentage=1.0|change=}}
{{Election box majority||votes=20,340|percentage=27.3|change={{increase}}13.9}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=74,505|percentage=81.3|change={{increase}}0.77}}
{{Election box gain with party link|
|winner = Indian National Congress
|loser = Independent
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 1983 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[1983 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Razole}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Telugu Desam Party
|candidate = Alluri Venkata Suryanarayana Raju
|votes = 36,674
|percentage = 51.7
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Indian National Congress|candidate=Rudraraju Bhimaraju|votes=22,567|percentage=31.8|change={{increase}}7.8}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Independent|candidate=Yenumala Raju|votes=7,308|percentage=10.3|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Communist Party of India|candidate=Alluri Raju|votes=4,350|percentage=6.1|change=}}
{{Election box majority||votes=14,107|percentage=19.7|change={{decrease}}7.6}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=71,757|percentage=77.7|change={{decrease}}3.6}}
{{Election box gain with party link|
|winner = Telugu Desam Party
|loser = Indian National Congress
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 1985 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[1985 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Razole}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Telugu Desam Party
|candidate = Alluri Venkata Suryanarayana Raju
|votes = 47,230
|percentage = 63.5
|change = {{increase}}11.8
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Indian National Congress|candidate=Ponnada Rao|votes=24,167|percentage=32.5|change={{increase}}0.7}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Independent|candidate=Kollu Venkanna|votes=2,055|percentage=2.8|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Independent|candidate=Katt Prasad|votes=614|percentage=0.8|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Independent|candidate=Gollamandala Babu|votes=277|percentage=0.4|change=}}
{{Election box majority||votes=23,063|percentage=30.7|change={{increase}}11}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=75,009|percentage=76.8|change={{decrease}}0.9}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Telugu Desam Party
|loser =
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 1989 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[1989 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Razole}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Gangaiah Mangena
|votes = 46,413
|percentage = 50
|change = {{increase}}17.5
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Telugu Desam Party|candidate=Alluru Venkata Raju|votes=45,802|percentage=49.4|change={{decrease}}14.1}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Independent|candidate=Alluru Surya Narayana Raju|votes=570|percentage=0.6|change=}}
{{Election box majority||votes=611|percentage=0.6|change={{decrease}}30.1}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=94,868|percentage=80.6|change={{increase}}3.8}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Indian National Congress
|loser = Telugu Desam Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 1994 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[1994 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Razole}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Telugu Desam Party
|candidate = Alluru Raju
|votes = 48,505
|percentage = 49.8
|change ={{increase}}0.4
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Indian National Congress|candidate=Gangayya Mangena|votes=41,231|percentage=42.3|change={{decrease}}7.7}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Bahujan Samaj Party|candidate=Kudupudi Rao|votes=7,063|percentage=7.3|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Bharatiya Janata Party|candidate=Petchetti Rao|votes=400|percentage=0.4|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Independent|candidate=Chinta Subhash|votes=164|percentage=0.2|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Independent|candidate=R. Bhai|votes=111|percentage=0.1|change=}}
{{Election box majority||votes=7,274|percentage=7.4|change={{increase}}6.8}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=98,594|percentage=79.5|change={{decrease}}1.1}}
{{Election box gain with party link|
|winner = Telugu Desam Party
|loser = Indian National Congress
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 1999 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[1999 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Razole}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Telugu Desam Party
|candidate = Alluru Raju
|votes = 49,204
|percentage = 49.7
|change = {{decrease}}0.1
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Indian National Congress|candidate=Alluru Krishnamraju|votes=48,626|percentage=49.1|change={{increase}}6.8}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Anna Telugu Desam Party|candidate=Pemmadi Rao|votes=584|percentage=0.6|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Independent|candidate=Pratthi Rao|votes=473|percentage=0.5|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Ajeya Bharat Party|candidate=Satyanarayana Chiranjeevi |votes=176|percentage=0.2|change=}}
{{Election box majority||votes=578|percentage=0.6|change={{decrease}}6.8}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=100,972|percentage=78.7|change={{decrease}}0.8}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Telugu Desam Party
|loser =
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2004 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2004 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Razole}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Alluri Krishnam Raju
|votes = 68,104
|percentage = 62.19
|change = +13.10
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Telugu Desam Party|candidate=Alluri Venkata Suryanarayana Raju|votes=40,086|percentage=36.60|change=-13.07}}
{{Election box majority||votes=28,018|percentage=25.59|change=}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=109,517|percentage=83.95|change=+6.76}}
{{Election box gain with party link|
|winner = Indian National Congress
|loser = Telugu Desam Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2009 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2009 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Razole}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = [[Rapaka Vara Prasada Rao]]
|votes = 52,319
|percentage = 39.76
|change = -22.43
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Praja Rajyam Party|candidate=Nalli Venkata Krishna Mallik|votes=46,450|percentage=35.30|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Telugu Desam Party|candidate=Bathula Ramu|votes=25,286|percentage=19.21|change=-17.39}}
{{Election box majority||votes=5,869|percentage=4.46|change=}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=131,598|percentage=79.50|change=-4.45}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Indian National Congress
|loser =
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2014 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2014 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Razole}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Telugu Desam Party
|candidate = Gollapalli Surya Rao
|votes = 66,960
|percentage = 49.52
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=YSR Congress Party|candidate=Bonthu Rajeswara Rao|votes=62,277|percentage=46.05|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=None of the above|candidate=[[None of the above|None of the Above]]|votes=856|percentage=0.63|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Independent politician|candidate=[[Rapaka Vara Prasada Rao]]|votes=318|percentage=0.24|change=}}
{{Election box majority||votes=4,683|percentage=3.47|change=}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=135,230|percentage=77.71|change=-1.79}}
{{Election box gain with party link|
|winner = Telugu Desam Party
|loser = Indian National Congress
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2019 ===
{{Election box begin | title= [[2019 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Razole}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link||party=Janasena Party|candidate=[[Rapaka Vara Prasada Rao]]|votes=50,053|percentage=32.92|change=+32.92}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=YSR Congress Party|candidate=Bonthu Rajeswara Rao|votes=49,239|percentage=32.91|change=-13.45}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Telugu Desam Party|candidate=Gollapalli Surya Rao|votes=44,592|percentage=30.47|change=-18.92}}
{{Election box majority||votes=814|percentage=0.56|change=}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=1,45,641|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box gain with party link|
|winner = Janasena Party
|loser = Telugu Desam Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2024 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2024 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Razole}}

{{Election box winning candidate with party link||party=Janasena Party|candidate=[[Deva Varaprasad]]|votes=95,514|percentage=60.13|change={{increase}}27.21}}

{{Election box candidate with party link||party=YSR Congress Party|candidate=Gollapalli Surya Rao|votes=56,503|percentage=35.57|change={{increase}}2.66}}

{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Indian National Congress|candidate=Sarella Prasanna Kumar|votes=1,435|percentage=0.90|change=}}

{{Election box candidate with party link||party=NOTA|candidate=None Of The Above|votes=1,628|percentage=1.02|change=}}

{{Election box majority||votes=39,011|percentage=24.56|change=}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=1,58,840|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Janasena Party
|loser = YSR Congress Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

== See also ==
* [[List of constituencies of the Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Coord|16.47|81.84|display=title}}
{{Assembly constituencies of Andhra Pradesh}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Konaseema district]]
[[Category:Politics of Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1951]]
[[Category:1951 establishments in Madras State]]

Bara Bazar Assembly constituency

2026-04-14T03:17:03Z

Vilianaizi: new a info

{{Short description|Former West Bengal Legislative Assembly constituency}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2018}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Bara Bazar
| type= SLA
| map_image =
| map_caption =
| map_alt =
| mla =
| party =
| alliance =
| latest_election_year =
| state = [[West Bengal]]
| district = [[Kolkata district|Kolkata]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Calcutta North West (Lok Sabha constituency)|Calcutta North West]]
| constituency_no = 144
| established = 1951
| electors =
| reservation = None
| abolished = 2011
}}

'''Bara Bazar Assembly constituency''' was a [[Vidhan Sabha|Legislative Assembly]] constituency of [[Kolkata district]] in the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[West Bengal]].

==Overview==
As a consequence of the orders of the [[Delimitation Commission of India|Delimitation Commission]], Bara Bazar Assembly constituency ceases to exist from 2011.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/delim/Final_Publications/WestBengal/FINAL%20ORDER%20NOTIFICATION_English.pdf |title = Delimitation Commission Order No. 18 dated 15 February 2006|access-date = 15 November 2010 |work = West Bengal |publisher = Election Commission of India}}</ref>

It was part of [[Calcutta North West (Lok Sabha constituency)]].<ref>{{cite web| url =http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/statisticalreports/LS_2004/Vol_III_LS_2004.pdf | title = Statistical Report on General Elections, 2004 to the 14th Lok Sabha | access-date = 15 November 2010 | work = Volume III Details For Assembly Segments Of Parliamentary Constituencies | publisher = Election Commission of India | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20101006140327/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_2004/Vol_III_LS_2004.pdf| archive-date= 6 October 2010 | url-status= live}}</ref>

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"ìÍĦĤĠčw
|-
! Election Year!!Constituency!!Name of M.L.A.!!Party affiliation
|-
|[[1951 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1951]]||Barabazar||[[Ishwar Das Jalan]]||[[Indian National Congress]]<ref name=vidhansabha1952>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1951/STATISTICALREPORTS_51_WestBengal.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 1951, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data, Assembly Constituency No. 173 |publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 3 December 2014}}</ref>
|-
|[[1957 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1957]]||||Ishwar Das Jalan||Indian National Congress<ref name=vidhansabha1957>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1957/StatRep_WB_1957.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 1957, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data, AC No 137|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 3 December 2014}}</ref>
|-
|[[1962 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1962]]||||Ishwar Das Jalan||Indian National Congress<ref name=vidhansabha1962>{{cite web| url =http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_WB_1962.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 1962, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data, AC No 130|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 3 December 2014}}</ref>
|-
|[[1967 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1967]]||||Ishwar Das Jalan||Indian National Congress<ref name=vidhansabha1967>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statistical%20report%20WB1967.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 1967, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data, AC No 132|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 3 December 2014}}</ref>
|-
|1969||||Ram Krishna Saraogi||Indian National Congress<ref name=vidhansabha1969>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1969/StatReport_WB_69.pdf|title = General Elections, India, 1969, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data, AC No 132|publisher= Election Commission |access-date = 2 December 2014}}</ref>
|-
|1971||||Ram Krishna Saraogi||Indian National Congress<ref name=vidhansabha1971>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1971/StatReport_WB_71.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 1971, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data, AC No 132|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 3 December 2014}}</ref>
|-
|1972||||Ram Krishna Saraogi||Indian National Congress<ref name=vidhansabha1972>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/StatReport_WB_72.pdf |title =General Elections, India, 1972, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data, AC No 132|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 3 December 2014}}</ref>
|-
|1977||||Rabi Shankar Pandey|| [[Janata Party]]<ref name=vidhansabha1977>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1977/StatisticalReportWestBengal77.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 1977, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data, AC No 132|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 3 December 2014}}</ref>
|-
|1982||||[[Rajesh Khaitan]]||Indian National Congress<ref name=vidhansabha1982>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1982/StatisticalReportWestBengal82.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 1982, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data, AC No 144|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 3 December 2014}}</ref>
|-
|1987||||Rajesh Khaitan||Indian National Congress<ref name=vidhansabha1987>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1987/StatisticalReportWestBengal87.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 1987, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data, AC No 144|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 3 December 2014}}</ref>
|-
|1991||||Rajesh Khaitan||Indian National Congress<ref name=vidhansabha1991>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1991/StatisticalReport-West%20Bengal91.pdf|title = General Elections, India, 1991, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data, AC No 144|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 3 December 2014}}</ref>
|-
|1996||||Rajesh Khaitan||Indian National Congress<ref name=vidhansabha1996>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1996/StatisticalReport-WB96.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 1996, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data, AC No 144|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 3 December 2014}}</ref>
|-
|[[2001 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2001]]||||[[Tapas Roy]]||[[All India Trinamool Congress]]<ref name=vidhansabha2001>{{cite web| url =http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2001/StatRept_WB_2001.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 2001, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data, AC No 144|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 3 December 2014}}</ref>
|-
|[[2006 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2006]]||||[[Mohammad Sohrab]]||[[Rashtriya Janata Dal]]<ref name=vidhansabha2006>{{cite web| url =http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2006/StatReport_WB_2006.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 2006, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data, AC No 144|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 3 December 2014}}</ref>
|}

==Results==
===2006===
In the 2006 election, Mohammed Sohrab of [[Rashtriya Janata Dal]] defeated his nearest rival Amitabha Chakraborti of [[Indian National Congress|Congress]].

{{Election box begin | title=[[2006 West Bengal state assembly election]]: Bara Bazar constituency<ref name=vidhansabha2006/><ref>{{Cite news|title = West Bengal Assembly Election 2006 |work = Bara Bazar | publisher =Empowering India }}</ref>}}

{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Rashtriya Janata Dal
|candidate = Mohammed Sohrab
|votes = 9,527
|percentage = 34.3
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Amitabha Chakraborti
|votes = 8,760
|percentage = 31.6
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = All India Trinamool Congress
|candidate = Tapas Roy
|votes = 8,405
|percentage = 30.3
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate |
|party = Independent
|candidate = Md. Asiruddin
|votes = 241
|percentage = 0.9
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent (politician)|Independent
|candidate = Shyamal Chandra Karmakar
|votes = 193
|percentage = 0.7
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Rizwan Ahmed Siddique
|votes = 157
|percentage = 0.5
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent (politician)|Independent
|candidate = Kanhaiyalal Agarwal
|votes = 123
|percentage = 0.4
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent (politician)|Independent
|candidate = Kishore Kumar Mishra
|votes = 113
|percentage = 0.4
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent (politician)|Independent
|candidate = Rajiv Roy
|votes = 82
|percentage = 0.3
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent (politician)|Independent
|candidate = Dara Singh
|votes = 63
|percentage = 0.2
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent (politician)|Independent
|candidate = Manik Chand Bose
|votes = 54
|percentage = 0.2
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent (politician)|Independent
|candidate = Kamlesh Kumar Tiwari
|votes = 25
|percentage = 0.1
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent (politician)|Independent
|candidate = Janmejoy Pandey
|votes = 20
|percentage = 0.1
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 767
|percentage = 2.8%
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 27,772
|percentage = (42.2%)
|change =
}}
{{Election box gain with party link|
|winner = Rashtriya Janata Dal
|loser = All India Trinamool Congress
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===1977-2009===
In the [[2006 West Bengal state assembly election|2006 elections to the state assembly]],<ref name=vidhansabha2006/> Mohammad Sohrab of [[Rashtriya Janata Dal|RJD]] won the Burrabazarr seat defeating Amitabha Chakrabarty of [[Indian National Congress|Congress]]. In 2001,<ref name=vidhansabha2001/> Tapas Roy [[All India Trinamool Congress|Trinamool Congress]] defeated Md. Asiruddin of RJD. Rajesh Khaitan of Congress defeated Md Asiruddin of [[Janata Dal|JD]] in 1996,<ref name=vidhansabha1996/> Satya Narayan Bajaj of JD in 1991,<ref name=vidhansabha1991/> Shaukat Rahmani, Independent, in 1987<ref name=vidhansabha1987/> and Rabi Shankar Pandey in 1982.<ref name=vidhansabha1982/> In 1977, Rabi Shankar Pandey of [[Janata Party]] defeated Ramkrishna Sarogi of Congress.<ref name=vidhansabha1977/><ref>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/archive/ElectionAnalysis/AE/S25/Partycomp144.htm |title = 144 - Bara Bazar Assembly Constituency |work = Partywise Comparison Since 1977 | publisher = Election Commission of India|access-date = 15 November 2010}}</ref>

===1951-1972===
Ramkrishna Sarogi of Congress won the seat defeating Murlidhar Santhalia of CPI(M) in 1972,<ref name=vidhansabha1972/> Durga Prasad Nathany of [[Bharatiya Jan Sangh]] and Ajodhya Singh of CPI(M) in 1971,<ref name=vidhansabha1971/> and Ram Niwas Lakhotia of BJS and Bijay Krishna Dhandhania of [[Samyukta Socialist Party]] in 1969.<ref name=vidhansabha1969/> Ishawar Das Jalan of Congress won the seat defeating B.P.Kedia of BJS, and R.S.Pandey of SSP in 1967,<ref name=vidhansabha1967/> Kishan Lal Makharia of [[Communist Party of India|CPI)]] in [[1962 West Bengal state assembly election|1962]],<ref name=vidhansabha1962/> Sitaram Seth, Independent, and Sachidanand Pandey of BJS in [[1957 West Bengal state assembly election|1957]],<ref name=vidhansabha1957/> and Rashbehari Sarkar of Forward Bloc (Marxists) in [[1952 West Bengal state assembly election|independent India’s first general election in 1951]].<ref name=vidhansabha1952/>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Kolkata constituencies}}
{{Vidhan Sabha constituencies of West Bengal}}

{{Coord|22.582|N|88.352|E|display=title|format=dms}}

[[Category:Former assembly constituencies of West Bengal]]
[[Category:Politics of Kolkata district]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1951]]
[[Category:1951 establishments in West Bengal]]
[[Category:Constituencies disestablished in 2011]]
[[Category:2011 disestablishments in India]]

Vivek Gomber

2026-04-06T20:58:17Z

Vilianaizi: created a entry

{{short description|Indian actor (born 1979)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2024}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Vivek Gomber
| image =
| image_upright = 0.9
| caption = Gomber in 2014
| birth_date = 1979
| birth_place = [[Jaipur]], [[Rajasthan]], India
| occupation = {{hlist|Actor|producer}}
| works =
| spouse =
| awards =
| yearsactive = 2002–present
}}

'''Vivek Gomber''' is an Indian actor and producer who has made significant contributions to [[Cinema of India|Indian]], [[British cinema|British]], and [[Cinema of the United States|American cinema]]. He is a recipient of a [[National Film Awards|National Film Award]] along with multiple international awards.

He started with minor role in Hindi television daily soap ''[[Astitva...Ek Prem Kahani]]'' in 2002, Gomber steadily carved his path, making notable appearances in projects such as the acclaimed legal drama [[Court (2014 film)|''Court'']] (2014) and the romantic drama ''[[Sir (2018 film)|Sir]]'' (2018), where he demonstrated his ability to portray complex characters with depth and nuance.

Not limited to acting, Gomber ventured into production and founded his production company, ''Zoo Entertainment Pvt Ltd'', in 2014. He brought compelling narratives to life through films like ''[[Balekempa]]'' (2018) and ''[[The Disciple (2020 film)|The Disciple]]'' (2020) which garnered recognition and accolades on the global stage.

== Career ==
Gomber began his acting journey with a minor role in [[Zee TV]]'s Hindi soap opera ''[[Astitva...Ek Prem Kahani]]'' (2002).<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Astitva Ek Prem Kahani TV Serial - Watch Astitva Ek Prem Kahani Online All Episodes (1-668) on ZEE5 |url=https://www.zee5.com/tv-shows/details/astitva-ek-prem-kahani/0-6-105 |access-date=2024-04-03 |website=ZEE5 |language=en-IN}}</ref> He continued to make appearances in various projects, including the bilingual short film ''The Morning Fog'' in 2006, where he portrayed a weather guide, and the international film ''Exitz'' in the following year, albeit receiving negative reviews from both audiences and critics.

In 2008, he joined the cast of the British-Indian comedy series ''[[Mumbai Calling]],'' helmed by [[Sanjeev Bhaskar]], which was set in the fictional Teknobable call center located in Mumbai. Following this, Gomber played the role of a call center accent trainer in [[Kunaal Roy Kapur]]'s English language satirical mockumentary film ''[[The President Is Coming]]'' in 2009.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Konkona calls the President - News - Bollywood - Hindi - Entertainment - The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/Entertainment/Konkona_calls_the_President/rssarticleshow/2868665.cms |access-date=2024-04-03 |website=timesofindia.indiatimes.com}}</ref> This film delved into the behind-the-scenes chaos surrounding President Bush's visit to India, receiving acclaim from critics.<ref>{{Cite news |title=The President Is Coming Movie Review |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/english/movie-reviews/the-president-is-coming/movie-review/3953342.cms |access-date=2024-04-03 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2009-01-16 |title=Masand's Verdict: The President Is Coming |url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/masands-verdict-the-president-is-coming/82374-8.html |access-date=2024-04-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090116192401/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/masands-verdict-the-president-is-coming/82374-8.html |archive-date=16 January 2009 }}</ref> During this period, he also contributed to Vinod Mitra's drama film ''Meridian Lines'', although the film is yet to be released.

His breakthrough came in 2014 with his portrayal of a Gujarati defense lawyer in [[Chaitanya Tamhane]] multi-lingual legal drama film, ''[[Court (2014 film)|Court]]'', alongside [[Vira Sathidar]] and [[Geetanjali Kulkarni]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bhatia |first=Uday |date=2015-04-10 |title=Made in India, courted abroad |url=https://www.livemint.com/Leisure/zUCenOjbkfkdDvWurhrfLJ/Made-in-India-courted-abroad.html |access-date=2024-04-03 |website=mint |language=en}}</ref> The film, which explores the intricacies of the Indian legal system through the trial of an aging protest singer accused of encouraging a manhole worker to commit suicide, earned him widespread recognition. Gomber also served as a producer for the film, a role offered to him by Tamhane.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=2015-04-09 |title=This Man Is India's Bravest Producer And The Reason The Film 'Court' Exists |url=https://www.huffpost.com/archive/in/entry/vivek-gomber-court-interview_n_7031202 |access-date=2024-04-03 |website=HuffPost |language=en}}</ref> ''Court'' had its premier at the [[71st Venice International Film Festival]] and was screened at numerous other prestigious international film festivals,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-08-01 |title=India's Chaitanya Tamhane on Venice film fest jury |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/world-cinema/india-s-chaitanya-tamhane-on-venice-film-fest-jury/story-Lnr6DpEFpvjOVQnV34OxFM.html |access-date=2024-04-03 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref> including Auteur Film Festival Serbia, the Washington DC South Asian Film Festival, [[Listapad|Minsk International Film Festival]], [[Singapore International Film Festival]], [[International Antalya Film Festival]], [[BFI London Film Festival]], [[Vienna International Film Festival]] and [[Buenos Aires International Festival of Independent Cinema]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-10-06 |title=Courting magic on screen |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/mumbai/courting-magic-on-screen/ |access-date=2024-04-03 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> It was India's official submission for the [[88th Academy Awards]] in the [[Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film|Best Foreign Language Film]] category, although it did not receive a nomination.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-01-14 |title=India out of Oscars race: 'Court', 'Jalam', 'RangiTaranga', 'Nachom-ia Kumpasar' fail to make it to nominations' list |url=https://www.firstpost.com/bollywood/india-out-of-oscars-race-court-jalam-rangitaranga-nachom-ia-kumpasar-fail-to-make-it-to-nominations-list-2584448.html |access-date=2024-04-03 |website=Firstpost |language=en-us}}</ref> Gomber's performance as Vinay was lauded, Suhani Singh of ''[[India Today]]'' noted, "Gomber demonstrates the frustrations and challenges of a helpless lawyer struggling to help his client and let truth win. His Vinay comes closest to voicing the audience's viewpoint of the case."<ref>{{Cite web |title=Court review: The compelling drama is the finest film of 2015 so far |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/reviews/story/court-film-review-vivek-gomber-chaitanya-tamhane-geetanjali-kulkarni-vira-sathidar-pradeep-joshi-248962-2015-04-17 |access-date=2024-04-03 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref> The film received several awards, including [[National Film Award for Best Feature Film|Best Feature Film]] at the [[62nd National Film Awards]]. In the same year, Gomber appeared in the American biographical drama ''[[The Letters (2014 film)|The Letters]]'', based on the life of Albanian-Indian Catholic nun [[Mother Teresa]].<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |last=Goldstein |first=Gary |date=2015-12-04 |title=Review: 'The Letters' delivers a warm, inspiring portrait of Mother Teresa |url=https://www.latimes.com/entertainment/movies/la-et-mn-the-letters-movie-review-20151204-story.html |access-date=2024-04-03 |website=Los Angeles Times |language=en-US}}</ref>
[[File:Vivek Gomber, Chaitanya Tamhane, and Geetanjali Kulkarni at the trailer launch of Court.jpg|left|thumb|Gomber (left), [[Geetanjali Kulkarni]] (center) and [[Chaitanya Tamhane]] (right) at the trailer launch of their film ''[[Court (2014 film)|Court]]'' in 2014.]]
In 2018, Gomber took on a leading role opposite [[Tillotama Shome]] in romantic drama film, ''[[Sir (2018 film)|Sir]]''.<ref name=":4">{{Cite news |last=Bradshaw |first=Peter |date=2018-05-14 |title=Sir review – sexual tension brews in Mumbai |url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2018/may/14/sir-review-sexual-tension-brews-in-mumbai |access-date=2024-04-03 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> He portrayed Ashwin, an architect who returns from the U.S. and finds himself disillusioned with his fiancée, gradually developing feelings for his maid.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Sir Movie Review : A soul-stirring tale of emotional intimacy, dreams and belonging |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/movie-reviews/sir/movie-review/79208307.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2024-04-03 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> Premiering at the [[2018 Cannes Film Festival]], the movie later had theatrical releases across European countries. However, it wasn't until November 2020 that it hit screens in India.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-11-04 |title=Sir, Rohena Gera's Cannes award-winning romantic drama, to release in Indian cinemas on 13 November |url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/sir-rohena-geras-cannes-award-winning-romantic-drama-to-release-in-indian-cinemas-on-13-november-8981781.html |access-date=2024-04-03 |website=Firstpost |language=en-us}}</ref> Alongside his acting endeavors, Gomber produced the Kannada drama film ''[[Balekempa]]'', a poignant tale exploring the intricacies of a bangle seller's relationship with his wife. Garnering numerous nominations worldwide, the film earned the FIPRESCI Prize at the [[International Film Festival Rotterdam|Rotterdam International Film Festival]].

Next in 2020, he appeared in [[Mira Nair]]'s British television drama ''[[A Suitable Boy (TV series)|A Suitable Boy]]'', set against the backdrop of independent India. Critic [[Saibal Chatterjee]] of ''[[NDTV]]'' praised his portrayal, noting, "Gomber is delightfully on the ball as Arun Mehra"<ref>{{Cite web |title=A Suitable Boy Review: Mira Nair's Adaptation Is Replete With Riches |url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/a-suitable-boy-review-mira-nairs-adaptation-is-replete-with-riches-4-stars-out-of-5-2314505 |access-date=2024-04-04 |website=NDTV.com}}</ref> Also in 2020, he teamed up with Tamhane once again, this time as a producer for the Marathi drama film [[The Disciple (2020 film)|''The Disciple'']].<ref name=":5">{{Cite web |last=Rangan |first=Baradwaj |date=2020-09-05 |title=Chaitanya Tamhane, After The Premiere Of The Disciple At The Venice Film Festival: "Every Film Is A New Battle" |url=https://www.filmcompanion.in/features/film-festivals/interviews/chaitanya-tamhane-the-disciple-venice-film-festival-premiere-every-film-is-a-new-battle-marathi-movies-baradwaj-rangan |access-date=2024-04-04 |website=www.filmcompanion.in |language=en}}</ref> This film made history by entering the main competition section at the [[77th Venice International Film Festival]], marking the first Indian film since ''[[Monsoon Wedding]]'' (2001) to compete at the prestigious event. It went on to win the [[FIPRESCI|FIPRESCI International Critics Prize]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Venice Film Festival 2020: Chaitanya Tamhan's The Disciple wins FIPRESCI award |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/hollywood/story/venice-film-festival-2020-chaitanya-tamhan-s-the-disciple-wins-fipresci-award-1721365-2020-09-13 |access-date=2024-04-04 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref> and received accolades at the [[Toronto International Film Festival]], [[Independent Spirit Awards]] and [[Asian Film Awards]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-09-20 |title=Tamhane's 'The Disciple' Wins Again, This Time At TIFF |url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/tamhanes-the-disciple-wins-again-this-time-at-tiff-2893839.html |access-date=2024-04-04 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-09-09 |title=第十五屆亞洲電影大獎入圍名單及評審主席公布 |url=http://www.afa-academy.com/page?mid=23&cat=144&post_id=1304 |access-date=2024-04-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210909100749/http://www.afa-academy.com/page?mid=23&cat=144&post_id=1304 |archive-date=9 September 2021 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last1=Galuppo |first1=Hilary Lewis,Mia |last2=Lewis |first2=Hilary |last3=Galuppo |first3=Mia |date=2021-01-26 |title=Film Independent Spirit Awards: 'Never Rarely Sometimes Always,' 'Minari,' 'Ma Rainey's Black Bottom,' 'Nomadland' Top Nominations |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/independent-spirit-awards-nominations-list-2021-4121856/ |access-date=2024-04-04 |website=The Hollywood Reporter |language=en-US}}</ref> In 2021, Gomber reunited with [[Shahana Goswami]] in the [[Netflix]] series ''[[Bombay Begums]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-03-08 |title=Bombay Begums review: Pooja Bhatt is brilliant in Alankrita Shrivastava's inelegant but empowering Netflix show |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/web-series/bombay-begums-review-pooja-bhatt-is-brilliant-in-alankrita-shrivastava-s-inelegant-but-empowering-netflix-show-101615102113207.html |access-date=2024-04-04 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref>

In 2024, Gomber stepped into the main lead in [[Hansal Mehta]]'s action crime drama series ''[[Lootere (TV series)|Lootere]]''. The series revolves around the gripping narrative of a Ukrainian trading vessel under attack by Somali pirates on international waters. Gomber portrayed an illicit businessman of Indian origin, stationed at the Mogadishu port.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-03-24 |title=Leading actor in Jai Mehta's Lootere, Vivek Gomber discusses show's larger than life setting |url=https://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/web-series/article/leading-actor-in-jai-mehta-lootere-vivek-gomber-discusses-show-larger-than-life-setting-23341288 |access-date=2024-04-04 |website=Mid-day |language=en}}</ref> Selected after six months of rigorous auditioning and look tests, Gomber's performance was highly acclaimed.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-03-24 |title=Did You Know? Vivek Gomber's Audition For Jai And Hansal Mehta's 'Lootere' Lasted For 5 Hours |url=https://www.outlookindia.com/art-entertainment/did-you-know-vivek-gombers-audition-for-jai-and-hansal-mehtas-lootere-lasted-for-5-hours |access-date=2024-04-04 |website=Outlook India |language=en}}</ref> [[Shubhra Gupta]] of ''[[The Indian Express]]'' praised his portrayal as entertaining, stating, "Gomber goes full-tilt camp at his Gandhi, yelling-shouting-chain-smoking,"<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-03-22 |title=Lootere review: A tense, high-wire hostage drama |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/web-series/lootere-review-a-tense-high-wire-hostage-drama-9228689/ |access-date=2024-04-04 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> Ronak Kotecha of ''[[The Times of India]]'' hailed his character as the undisputed don of Somalia, adding, "Gomber stands out as Vikrant Gandhi - a recklessly confident character that is created with finesse and indulgence. This bad boy demands your attention and whether you like him or hate him, you cannot ignore him. That’s mainly because Gomber makes it his own."<ref>{{Cite news |title=Lootere Season 1 Review : This bloodsoaked Somali hijack drama is not for the faint-hearted |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/web-series/reviews/hindi/lootere/season-1/seasonreview/108595054.cms |access-date=2024-04-04 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

== Filmography ==
{{Pending films key}}

=== Films ===
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" style="margin-right: 0;"
|-
! scope="col" | Year
! scope="col" | Title
! scope="col" | Role
!Language
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Notes
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | {{Tooltip|Ref.|Reference}}
|-
| rowspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | 2006
| rowspan="2" | ''The Morning Fog''
| rowspan="2" | Raja
| style="text-align: center;"|[[English language|English]]
| rowspan="2" | [[Short film]]
| rowspan="2" style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Morning Fog Videos and Trailers {{!}} The Morning Fog Cast and Crews {{!}} The Morning Fog |url=https://www.indianfilmhistory.com/short-film/the-morning-fog |access-date=2024-04-03 |website=www.indianfilmhistory.com |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|style="text-align: center;"|[[Hindi]]
|-
| style="text-align: center;" |2007
|''Exitz''
|Indian Barman
| rowspan="2" style="text-align: center;"|English
|
|
|-
| style="text-align: center;" |2009
|''[[The President Is Coming]]''
|Rohit Seth
|
|<ref name=":1" />
|-
| rowspan="2" style="text-align: center;" |2013
|''Meridian Lines''
|Fredrico Dumukh
|style="text-align: center;"|Hindi
|Unreleased film
|<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hungama |first=Bollywood |date=2010-12-01 |title=Meridian Lines Movie: Review {{!}} Release Date (2010) {{!}} Songs {{!}} Music {{!}} Images {{!}} Official Trailers {{!}} Videos {{!}} Photos {{!}} News - Bollywood Hungama |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/meridian/ |access-date=2024-04-03 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|''Glass Bottom Boat''
|
| rowspan="2" style="text-align: center;"|English
|Short film
|
|-
| rowspan="6" style="text-align: center;" |2014
|''[[The Letters (2014 film)|The Letters]]''
|Ashwani Sharma
|
|<ref>{{Cite web |author=T. H. R. Staff |date=2015-11-24 |title='The Letters': Film Review |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-reviews/letters-film-review-843164/ |access-date=2024-04-03 |website=The Hollywood Reporter |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":3" />
|-
| rowspan="4" |''[[Court (2014 film)|Court]]''
| rowspan="4" |Vinay Vora
|style="text-align: center;"|[[Marathi language|Marathi]]
| rowspan="4" |Also producer
| rowspan="4" |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Guidry |first=Ken |date=2015-07-15 |title=Review: Legal Drama 'Court' Borders On Brilliance |url=https://www.indiewire.com/criticism/culture/review-legal-drama-court-borders-on-brilliance-261988/ |access-date=2024-04-03 |website=IndieWire |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
|style="text-align: center;"|Hindi
|-
|style="text-align: center;"|English
|-
|style="text-align: center;"|[[Gujarati language|Gujarati]]
|-
|''Leap of Faith''
|Sam
|style="text-align: center;"|English
|Short film
|
|-
| style="text-align: center;" |2018
|''[[Sir (2018 film)|Sir]]''
|Ashvin
|style="text-align: center;"|Hindi
|Feature
|<ref name=":4" />
|-
| style="text-align: center;" |2024
|''[[Jigra]]''
|Hansraj Landa
|style="text-align: center;"|Hindi
|Feature
|
|}

=== Television ===
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" style="margin-right: 0;"
|-
! scope="col" | Year
! scope="col" | Title
! scope="col" | Role
!Language
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Notes
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | {{Tooltip|Ref.|Reference}}
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|2002
|''[[Astitva...Ek Prem Kahani]]''
|Harsh
|style="text-align: center;"|Hindi
|
|<ref name=":0" />
|}

=== Web series ===
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" style="margin-right: 0;"
|-
! scope="col" | Year
! scope="col" | Title
! scope="col" | Role
!Language
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Notes
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | {{Tooltip|Ref.|Reference}}
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|2008
|''[[Mumbai Calling]]''
|Lovely Singh
|style="text-align: center;"|English
|
|
|-
| rowspan="4" style="text-align: center;"|2020
| rowspan="4" |''[[A Suitable Boy (TV series)|A Suitable Boy]]''
| rowspan="4" |Arun Mehra
|style="text-align: center;"|[[Bengali language|Bengali]]
|
| rowspan="4" |<ref>{{Cite news |date=2020-10-10 |title=Series adaptation of 'A Suitable Boy' to premiere on Netflix on October 23 |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/magazines/panache/series-adaptation-of-a-suitable-boy-to-premiere-on-netflix-on-october-23/articleshow/78590154.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2024-04-04 |work=The Economic Times |issn=0013-0389}}</ref>
|-
|style="text-align: center;"|English
|
|-
|style="text-align: center;"|Hindi
|
|-
|style="text-align: center;"|[[Urdu]]
|
|-
|style="text-align: center;"|2021
|''[[Bombay Begums]]''
|Arijay Sinha
|style="text-align: center;"|Hindi
|
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-03-03 |title=Netflix India 2021 slate announced: From Fabulous Lives season 2 and Kapil Sharma to Abbas-Mustan's next, see full list |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/netflix-india-2021-slate-announced-from-fabulous-lives-season-2-and-kapil-sharma-to-abbas-mustan-s-next-see-full-list-101614760233353.html |access-date=2024-04-04 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|style="text-align: center;"|2024
|[[Lootere (TV series)|''Lootere'']]
|Vikrant Gandhi
|style="text-align: center;"|Hindi
|
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Lootere review - Rajat Kapoor-Vivek Gomber's series sails through choppy waters |url=https://www.ottplay.com/review/lootere-review-rajat-kapoor-and-vivek-gomber-led-series-sails-through-choppy-waters-and-it-gets-tough-to-escape/15b2fa9b93836 |access-date=2024-04-04 |website=OTTPlay |language=en}}</ref>
|}

=== Producer ===
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" style="margin-right: 0;"
|-
! scope="col" | Year
! scope="col" | Title
!Language
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Notes
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | {{Tooltip|Ref.|Reference}}
|-
|style="text-align: center;" rowspan="4"|2014
| rowspan="4" |''[[Court (2014 film)|Court]]''
|style="text-align: center;"|Marathi
| rowspan="4" |
| rowspan="4" |<ref name=":2" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=N |first=Patcy |title='I won't make a typical Bollywood film' |url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/report/i-wont-make-a-typical-bollywood-film/20150326.htm |access-date=2024-04-03 |website=Rediff |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|style="text-align: center;"|Hindi
|-
|style="text-align: center;"|English
|-
|style="text-align: center;"|Gujarati
|-
|style="text-align: center;"|2018
|''[[Balekempa]] (The Bangle Seller)''
|style="text-align: center;"|[[Kannada]]
|
|
|-
|style="text-align: center;"|2020
|[[The Disciple (2020 film)|''The Disciple'']]
|style="text-align: center;"|Marathi
|
|<ref name=":5" />
|}

=== Play ===
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" style="margin-right: 0;"
|-
! scope="col" | Year
! scope="col" | Title
! scope="col" | Role
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Notes
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | {{Tooltip|Ref.|Reference}}
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|2023
|''Betrayal''
|Robert
|
|
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb name|1836649}}
* {{Bollywood Hungama person|vivek-gomber}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Gomber, Vivek}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian male actors]]
[[Category:Indian male film actors]]
[[Category:Male actors from Jaipur]]
[[Category:Actors from Rajasthan]]
[[Category:Actors in Hindi cinema]]
[[Category:Actors in Hindi theatre]]
[[Category:1979 births]]
[[Category:Indian web series actors]]
[[Category:Indian film producers]]

Madha Lok Sabha constituency

2026-04-05T15:22:53Z

Vilianaizi: Put up new info - done

{{short description|Lok Sabha constituency in Maharashtra}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2015}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Madha
| type = LS
| constituency_no = 43
| map_image ={{Maplink|frame=yes|plain=y|frame-width=300|frame-height=300|frame-align=center|type=shape|from=Lok Sabha constituencies/2019/Maharashtra/Madha.map}}
| map_caption = Madha Lok Sabha Constituency map
| established = 2009
| party = {{Party index link|Nationalist Congress Party - Sharadchandra Pawar}}
| alliance = {{Party index link|Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance}}
| mp = [[Dhairyasheel Patil]]
| preceded_by = [[Ranjit Naik-Nimbalkar]]
| latest_election_year = [[2024 Indian general elections|2024]]
| state = [[Maharashtra]]
| reservation = None
| incumbent_image =
| electors = 19,91,454 (2024)
| assembly_cons = [[Karmala Assembly constituency|Karmala]] [[Madha Assembly constituency|Madha]] [[Sangola Assembly constituency|Sangola]] [[Malshiras Assembly constituency|Malshiras]] [[Phaltan Assembly constituency|Phaltan]] [[Man Assembly constituency|Man]]
}}

'''Madha Lok Sabha constituency (43)''' is one of the 48 [[Lok Sabha]] (lower house of Indian parliament) constituencies of [[Maharashtra]] state in western [[India]]. This constituency was created on 19 February 2008 as a part of the implementation of the [[President of India|Presidential]] notification based on the recommendations of the [[Delimitation Commission of India]] constituted on 12 July 2002.<ref name=delimit/><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.hindu.com/2008/02/20/stories/2008022058631200.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080228022947/http://www.hindu.com/2008/02/20/stories/2008022058631200.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=28 February 2008|work=[[The Hindu]]|title=Delimitation notification comes into effect|date=20 February 2008}}</ref> It first held elections in 2009 and its first member of parliament (MP) was [[Sharad Pawar]] of the [[Nationalist Congress Party]] (NCP). As of the 2024 elections, the constituency's current MP is Dhairyasheel Patil] from NCP(SP).

==Assembly segments==
At present, Madha Lok Sabha constituency comprises six [[Vidhan Sabha]] (legislative assembly) segments. These segments are:<ref name=delimit>{{cite web|url=https://ceo.maharashtra.gov.in/Downloads/Notification%20_English.pdf|format=PDF|page=25|title=Delimitation Commission of India Notification|publisher=Chief Electoral Officer, Maharashtra|access-date=8 November 2014}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
!#
!Name
!District
! Member
! colspan="2" | Party
!colspan=2 |Leading {{small|(in 2024)}}

|-
|244
|[[Karmala Assembly constituency|Karmala]]
|rowspan=4|[[Solapur District|Solapur]]
|[[Narayan Patil]]
|{{party name with color|Nationalist Congress Party (Sharadchandra Pawar)|rowspan=2}}
|{{party name with color|Nationalist Congress Party (Sharadchandra Pawar)|rowspan=2}}
|-
|245
|[[Madha Assembly constituency|Madha]]
|[[Abhijeet Dhananjay Patil|Abhijeet Patil]]
|-
|253
|[[Sangola Assembly constituency|Sangola]]
|[[Babasaheb Deshmukh]]
|{{party name with color| Peasants And Workers Party of India}}
|style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
|-
|254
|[[Malshiras Assembly constituency|Malshiras]] (SC)
|[[Uttamrao Jankar]]
|{{party name with color|Nationalist Congress Party (Sharadchandra Pawar)}}
|{{party name with color|Nationalist Congress Party (Sharadchandra Pawar)}}
|-
|255
|[[Phaltan Assembly constituency|Phaltan]] (SC)
|rowspan=2|[[Satara District|Satara]]
|[[Sachin Patil (politician) | Sachin Patil]]
|{{party name with color|Nationalist Congress Party}}
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=2}}
|-
|258
|[[Man Assembly constituency|Man]]
|[[Jaykumar Gore]]
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|}

== Members of Parliament ==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Year
! Name
!colspan="2"|Party
|-
| colspan="4"|{{center|1951-2009 : ''See [[Pandharpur Lok Sabha constituency]]''}}
|-
| [[2009 Indian general election|2009]]
| [[Sharad Pawar]]
| {{Full party name with color|Nationalist Congress Party|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[2014 Indian general election|2014]]
| [[Vijaysinh Mohite–Patil]]
|-
| [[2019 Indian general election|2019]]
| [[Ranjit Naik-Nimbalkar]]
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| [[2024 Indian general election|2024]]
| [[Dhairyasheel Patil|Dhairyasheel Mohite-Patil]]
|style="background-color: {{party color|Nationalist Congress Party (Sharadchandra Pawar)}}" |
|[[Nationalist Congress Party (Sharadchandra Pawar)|Nationalist Congress Party (SP)]]
|-
|}

==Election results==
===2024 Lok Sabha===

{{Election box begin | title=[[2024 Indian general elections]]: [[Madha]]}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link||party=Nationalist Congress Party (Sharadchandra Pawar)|candidate= [[Dhairyasheel Patil|Dhairyasheel Mohite Patil]]|votes=6,22,213|percentage=48.86|change=''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=[[Ranjit Naik-Nimbalkar]]|party=Bharatiya Janata Party|votes=5,01,376|percentage=39.37 |change={{decrease}}8.77}}
{{Election box candidate|
| party = NRSP|New Rashtriya Samaj Party
| candidate = Ramchandra Mayappa Guthukade
| votes =58,421
| percentage = 4.59
| change =''N/A''
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Vanchit Bahujan Aghadi|candidate=Ramesh Baraskar|votes=20,604|percentage=1.62|change={{down}}2.61}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party =Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Swarup Dada Jankar
|votes =7,094
|percentage =0.56
|change ={{down}}0.01
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party =Independent
|candidate = Hake Laxman Sopan
|votes =5,134
|percentage =0.40
|change =''N/A''
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent
|candidate =Sitaram Vitthal Randive
|votes =4,986
|percentage = 0.39
|change =''N/A''
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party =Independent
|candidate = Dhanaji Shripati Maske
|votes =4,433
|percentage = 0.35
|change =''N/A''
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party =Republican Party of India (A)
|candidate = Bichukale Santhosh Balasaheb
|votes =4,046
|percentage =0.32
|change =''N/A''
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent
|candidate = Sawant Rahul Shashikant
|votes =3,909
|percentage = 0.31
|change =''N/A''
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = None of the above (India)
|candidate = [[None of the Above]]
|votes =3,702
|percentage = 0.29
|change ={{down}}0.01
}}
{{Election box majority||votes=1,20,837|percentage=9.49|change={{increase}}2.44}}
{{Election box turnout||votes= 12,75,107|percentage=63.87|change={{up}}0.17}}
{{Election box gain with party link|
| winner =Nationalist Congress Party (Sharadchandra Pawar)
| loser = Bharatiya Janata Party
| swing =
}}

{{Election box end}}

=== 2019===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2019 Indian general elections]]: [[Madha]]}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link||party=Bharatiya Janata Party|candidate=[[Ranjit Naik-Nimbalkar|Ranjitsinh Naik-Nimbalkar]]|votes=5,85,535|percentage=48.14|change=+5.12}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Nationalist Congress Party|candidate=[[Sanjaymama Shinde|Sanjaymama Vitthalrao Shinde]]|votes=4,99,907|percentage=41.10|change=-4.26}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Vanchit Bahujan Aghadi|candidate=Vijayrao Hanumantrao More|votes=51,532|percentage=4.23|change=}}
{{Election box candidate |
|party = [[Independent (politician)|IND]]
|candidate = Daulat Umaji Shitole
|votes = 12,869
|percentage = 1.06
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Bahujan Samaj Party|candidate=Aappa Aaba Lokare|votes=6,883|percentage=0.57|change=}}

{{Election box candidate with party link||party=None of the above|candidate=[[None of the Above]]|votes=3,666|percentage=0.30|change=}}
{{Election box majority||votes=85,764|percentage=7.05|change=+4.7}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=12,16,319|percentage=63.7|change=+1.17}}
{{Election box gain with party link|
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|loser = Nationalist Congress Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===General elections 2014===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2014 Indian general elections]]: [[Madha]]<ref name=turnout>{{cite web|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140702210941/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main1/GE2014/PC_WISE_TURNOUT.htm|archive-date=2 July 2014|title=Parliamentary Constituency wise Turnout for General Election - 2014|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main1/GE2014/PC_WISE_TURNOUT.htm|access-date=2 June 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140628133636/http://eciresults.nic.in/ConstituencywiseS1343.htm?ac=43|archive-date=28 June 2014|url=http://eciresults.nic.in/ConstituencywiseS1343.htm?ac=43|title=Maharashtra - Madha|publisher=Election Commission of India|access-date=19 May 2014}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Nationalist Congress Party
|candidate = [[Vijaysinh Mohite–Patil]]
|votes = 4,89,989
|percentage = 45.36
|change = -12.32
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Swabhimani Paksha
|candidate = [[Sadabhau Khot]]
|votes = 4,64,645
|percentage = 43.02
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = [[Pratapsinh Mohite-Patil|Pratapsinh Shankarrao Mohite–Patil]]
|votes = 25,187
|percentage = 2.33
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Bansode Kundan Fulchand
|votes = 15,790
|percentage = 1.46
|change = -0.36
}}
{{Election box candidate|
|party = Hindustan Praja Paksha
|candidate = Navanath Bhimrao Patil
|votes = 8,853
|percentage = 0.82
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Nagamani Kisan Jakkan
|votes = 8,829
|percentage = 0.82
|change = +0.52
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Aam Aadmi Party
|candidate = Savita Shinde
|votes = 7,160
|percentage = 0.66
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Jadhav Sunil Gunda
|votes = 7,115
|percentage = 0.66
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = All India Trinamool Congress
|candidate = Suresh Shamrao Ghadge
|votes = 1,989
|percentage = 0.18
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
| party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above]]
|votes = 4,209
|percentage = 0.39
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box margin of victory|
|votes =25,344
|percentage =2.35
|change =-31.83
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes =10,80,167
|percentage =62.53
|change =+3.49
}}
{{Election box gain with party link|
|winner = Nationalist Congress Party
|loser= Swabhimani Paksha
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===General elections 2009===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2009 Indian general elections]]: [[Madha]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/archiveofge2009/Stats/VOLI/25_ConstituencyWiseDetailedResult.pdf|title=Constituency Wise Detailed Results |page=101|publisher=Election Commission of India|format=PDF|access-date=30 April 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140811090059/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/archiveofge2009/Stats/VOLI/25_ConstituencyWiseDetailedResult.pdf|archive-date=11 August 2014}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Nationalist Congress Party
|candidate = [[Sharad Pawar]]
|votes = 5,30,596
|percentage = 57.71
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = [[Subhash Sureshchandra Deshmukh|Subhash Deshmukh]]
|votes = 2,16,137
|percentage = 23.51
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Rashtriya Samaj Paksha
|candidate = [[Mahadev Jankar]]
|votes = 98,946
|percentage = 10.76
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Rahul Sarwade
|votes = 16,737
|percentage = 1.82
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Suresh Shamrao Ghadge
|votes = 14,157
|percentage = 1.54
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Mahadeo Abaji Pol
|votes =13,069
|percentage = 1.42
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Dnyaneshwar Vitthal Amale
|votes =9,695
|percentage =1.05
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Bansode Balveer Dagadu
|votes = 4,097
|percentage = 0.45
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate|
|party = Kranti Kari Jai Hind Sena
|candidate = Ramchandra Narayan Kacchave
|votes = 3,271
|percentage = 0.36
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Nagmani Kisan Jakkan
|votes = 2,799
|percentage = 0.30
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Bhanudas Bhagawan Devakate
|votes = 2,650
|percentage = 0.29
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Saste Kakasaheb Mahadeo
|votes = 2,415
|percentage = 0.26
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Bharipa Bahujan Mahasangha
|candidate = Chavan Subhash Vitthal
|votes = 1,787
|percentage = 0.19
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate|
|party = Prabuddha Republican Party
|candidate = Ayu Gaikwad Satish Sugrav
|votes = 1,619
|percentage = 0.18
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = M. D. Patil
|votes = 1,396
|percentage = 0.15
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box margin of victory|
|votes = 3,14,459
|percentage = 34.18
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 9,20,051
|percentage = 59.04
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box gain with party link|
|winner = Nationalist Congress Party
|loser = BJP
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20191007050409/https://www.indiaelections2014.info/parliament/2019/states/maharashtra/madha/lok_sabha_parliamentary_election_2019_results.html Madha lok sabha constituency election 2019 results details]

{{Lok Sabha constituencies of Maharashtra}}
{{coords|18.0|75.5|display=title}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Madha Lok Sabha constituency}}
[[Category:Lok Sabha constituencies in Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Lok Sabha constituencies in Maharashtra created in 2008]]
[[Category:Solapur district]]
[[Category:Satara district]]

Rajiv Gandhi University

2026-03-26T15:29:39Z

Vilianaizi: fixed issues

{{Short description|Central university in Doimukh, Arunachal Pradesh, India}}
{{About|the university in Arunachal Pradesh|other uses|}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2018}}
{{Infobox university
| name = Rajiv Gandhi University
| former_names = Arunachal University
| image_name = Rajiv_Gandhi_University_Logo.png
| image_size = 200px
| image_alt =
| motto = ''Knowledge Imparts mortality''
| established = {{Start date and age|4 February 1280}}
| chancellor = Vladimir Putin, {{small|[[Indian Administrative Service|IAS]] (Retd.)}}
| vice_chancellor = Narendra Modi ''(I/C)''
| rector = [[Governor of Arunachal Pradesh]]
| head_label = [[Visitor]]
| head = [[President of India]]
| city = Rono-Hills, [[Doimukh]]
| state = [[Arunachal Pradesh]]
| country = [[India]]
| coor = {{Coord|27|08|50|N|93|46|01|E|region:IN|display=inline, title}}
| mapframe = yes
| mapframe-wikidata = yes
| mapframe-zoom = 11
| students = 4500
| faculty = 209
| administrative_staff = 256
| type = [[Public university|Public]] [[Central university (India)|central university]]
| campus = [[Rural areas|Rural]]
| affiliations = {{hlist|[[University Grants Commission (India)|UGC]]| [[National Assessment and Accreditation Council|NAAC]]|[[Association of Indian Universities|AIU]]|[[Association of Commonwealth Universities|ACU]]}}
| website = {{URL|http://www.rgu.ac.in}}
}}

'''Rajiv Gandhi University''' ('''RGU''') (formerly '''Arunachal University''') is the oldest university in the [[India]]n state of [[Arunachal Pradesh]]. It is located at Rono Hills in [[Doimukh]] town, about 28km from the state capital, [[Itanagar]]. The foundation stone for the university was laid in 1980 by then-[[Prime Minister]] [[Indira Gandhi]]. The university was renamed as Rajiv Gandhi University in 2005 when UPA Chairperson [[Sonia Gandhi]] was on a visit to the state.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/north-east/glory-for-sonia-on-arunachal-s-day-apang-dedicates-speech-at-statehood-anniversary-to-nehru-gandhi-family/cid/679645|title=Glory for Sonia on Arunachal?s day - Apang dedicates speech at statehood anniversary to Nehru-Gandhi family}}</ref>

== Status ==
Rajiv Gandhi University has been a [[Central University (India)|Central University]] under the [[Ministry of Education (India)|Ministry of Education]], [[Government of India]] since 9 April 2007. It is an accredited university under the [[University Grants Commission (India)|University Grants Commission]].<ref>[https://www.ugc.ac.in/centralniversitylist.aspx?id=2&Unitype=1] [[University Grants Commission (India)]] list of central universities in Arunachal Pradesh.</ref>

==Organisation and Administration==
=== Faculty ===

; Faculty of Agricultural Science
*Department of [[Horticulture]]
*Department of [[Food Technology]]
*Department of [[Agronomy]]
*Department of [[Agricultural Economics]]
*Department of [[Agricultural Entomology]]
*Department of [[Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry]]
*Department of [[Plant Pathology]]
*Department of [[Genetic and Plant Breeding]]

; Faculty of Commerce and Management Studies

*Department of [[Commerce]]
*Department of [[Management]]

; Faculty of Education
*Department of [[Education]]
*Department of [[Psychology]]

; Faculty of Languages

*Department of [[English studies|English]]
*Department of [[Hindi]]

; Faculty of Physical education and Sport Science
*Department of [[Physical Education]]
*Department of [[Sports Biomechanics]]
*Department of Sports Physiology
*Department of [[Sports Psychology]]
*Department of Strength Training and Conditioning

; Faculty of Social Science

*Department of [[Anthropology]]
*Department of [[Economics]]
*Department of [[History]]
*Department of [[Political Science]]
*Department of [[Sociology]]
*Department of [[Social Work]]
*Department of [[Fine Arts]] and [[Music]]
*Department of [[Security studies | National Security Studies]]

; Faculty of Basic Science

*Department of [[Mathematics]]
*Department of [[Physics]]
*Department of [[Chemistry]]

; Faculty of Environmental Science

*Department of [[Geography]]
*Department of [[Geology]]

; Faculty of Life Science

*Department of [[Botany]]
*Department of [[Zoology]]

; Faculty of Engineering & Technology
*Department of [[Computer Science and Engineering]]
*Department of [[Electronics and Communication Engineering]]

; Faculty of Information Technology
*Department of [[Mass Communications]]

===Institute and Centers===
{{More citations needed section|date=September 2020}}
* Arunachal Institute of Tribal Studies
* Institute of Distance Education
* Center with Potential for Excellence in Biodiversity
* Computer & Information Centre
* Centre for Women Studies
* Bio-informatics centre
* Centre for Youth Development and Leadership Studies
* Centre for Development Studies
* Physical Education Centre

== Ranking ==
{{Infobox India university ranking
| type = University and college

| NIRF_O_2021 =
| NIRF_U_2021 = 101-150
| NIRF_U_2020 =
| ARWU_W_2020 =
| QS_W_2021 =
| QS_A_2020 =
| QS_BRICS_2019 =
| THE_W_2021 =
| THES_A_2020 =
| THES_E_2020 =
| WEEK_U_2019 =
| OUTLOOK_U_2020 =
| WEEK_L_2019 =
}}
Rajiv Gandhi University was ranked in the 101-150 band in the University category by the [[National Institutional Ranking Framework]] (NIRF) of 2021.<ref name=Rankings_NIRF_U_2021 />

=== Affiliated colleges ===
{{as of|2020}}, the university has 36 affiliated colleges.<ref>{{cite web |title=Rajiv Gandhi University Affiliated Colleges |url=https://www.rgu.ac.in/AffiliatedColleges/AffiliatedCollegesList |website=www.rgu.ac.in |access-date=8 October 2020 |archive-date=4 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200604103736/https://www.rgu.ac.in/AffiliatedColleges/AffiliatedCollegesList |url-status=dead }}</ref> Colleges in Arunachal Pradesh were previously affiliated to [[North Eastern Hill University]]. Notable colleges include:

* Dera Natung Government College, [[Itanagar]]
* [[Jawaharlal Nehru College]], [[Pasighat]]
* Wangcha Rajkumar Government College, [[Deomali]].

==Student life==
=== Festivals ===
Arunachal Panorama–the Festival of Diversity
Uni-Fest
V.C Trophy
Inter-college Youth Festival. {{Citation needed|date=September 2020}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{Official website|http://www.rgu.ac.in}}

{{Rajiv Gandhi University}}
{{IndianCentralUniv}}
{{Universities in smaller states and territories of India}}
{{Education in Arunachal Pradesh}}
{{authority control}}

[[Category:Rajiv Gandhi University| ]]
[[Category:Universities in Arunachal Pradesh]]
[[Category:Education in Itanagar]]
[[Category:Central universities in India]]
[[Category:1984 establishments in Arunachal Pradesh]]
[[Category:Educational institutions established in 1984]]

Tenida (TV series)

2026-03-23T11:16:33Z

Vilianaizi:

{{Short description|Indian bengali animated television series}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2025}}
{{Infobox television
| image = Tenida TV series logo.jpg
| caption =
| genre = [[Animated series]] [[Comedy]]
| based_on = {{based on|''[[Tenida]]''|[[Narayan Gangopadhyay]]}}
| creator =
| screenplay =
| teleplay =
| director = Tapan Chakraborty
| voices = [[Sabyasachi Chakraborty]] Debashis Ghosh Tapan Chakraborty Abhijit Biswas Manab Majumdar Bhaskar Dasgupta Mohan Bhoumik Kanchan Gupta Chaitali Moulik Pradeep Poddar Arindam Nath
| theme_music_composer = Antu Shantanu
| music =
| open_theme =
| end_theme =
| composer = Antu Shantanu
| country = [[India]]
| language = Bengali
| num_seasons = 1
| num_episodes = 52
| list_episodes =
| executive_producer = Rajeshwari Roy
| producer = Arijit Bhadra
| editor = Vikash Shroff
| runtime = 16–22 minutes
| company = Animatrix Multimedia
| network = [[Zee Bangla]]
| first_aired = {{Start date|2007|06|03|df=y}}
| last_aired = {{End date|2008|05|25|df=y}}
}}
'''''Tenida''''' is an Indian animated television series based on same name fictional character by Bengali author [[Narayan Gangopadhyay]]. The series produced by Animatrix Multimedia and aired on [[Zee Bangla]] in 2007 to 2008.<ref>{{cite news |last=চাকী |first=লীনা |date=20 July 2007 |title=জি বাংলার টেনিদা |newspaper=[[Sangbad Pratidin]] |language=bn}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Money Matters|url=https://www.animatrixindia.com/admin/post_img/164752218606.jpg |date=1 August 2007 |newspaper=[[Hindustan Times]] |location=Kolkata}}</ref> The story set on fictional town Potoldanga and four friends title character Teni and Kyabla, Habul, Pyalaram.

== Cast ==
=== Main voice ===
* [[Sabyasachi Chakraborty]] as Tenida<ref>{{cite magazine
|last = Das
|first = Samar
|date = 27 July 2007
|title = পটলডাঙার বেণুদা
|url = https://www.animatrixindia.com/admin/post_img/164752218606.jpg
|magazine = [[Anandalok]]
|location = [[Kolkata]]
|publisher = [[ABP Group]]
|access-date = 30 April 2025
}}</ref>
* Debashis Ghosh as Kyabla
* Tapan Chakraborty as Habul
* Abhijit Biswas as Pyalaram
=== Episodic voice ===
* Manab Majumdar
* Bhaskar Dasgupta
* Mohan Bhoumik
* Kanchan Gupta
* Chaitali Moulik
* Pradeep Poddar
* Arindam Nath

== Episode ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Episode No.
! Title
! Air Date
|-
| 1
| Sanghatik
| 3 June 2007<ref>{{cite web |title=Tenida Bangla TV Serial Full Episode - 01 Zee Bangla |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YfWZAssB-TY |website=[[YouTube]] |access-date=30 April 2025 |date=2 July 2020}}</ref>
|-
| 2
| Chengis O Hamliner Banshiola
| 10 June 2007
|-
| 3
| Tenida Aar Yeti
| 17 June 2007
|-
| 4
| Dhaush
| 24 June 2007
|-
| 5
| Ekadoshir Ranchi Yatra
| 1 July 2007
|-
| 6
| Camouflage
| 8 July 2007
|-
| 7
| Honolulur Makuda
| 15 July 2007
|-
| 8
| Cricket Mane Jhijhi
| 22 July 2007
|-
| 9
| Dashanan Charit
| 29 July 2007
|-
| 10
| Prabhat Sangeet
| 5 August 2007
|-
| 11
| Halkhatar Khawadawa
| 12 August 2007
|-
| 12
| Charmurti (Part 1)
| 19 August 2007
|-
| 13
| Charmurti (Part 2)
| 26 August 2007
|-
| 14
| Bearing Chhat
| 2 September 2007
|-
| 15
| Bon Bhojon (Part 1)
| 9 September 2007
|-
| 16
| Bon Bhojon (Part 2)
| 16 September 2007
|-
| 17
| Porer Upokar Kario Na (Part 1)
| 23 September 2007
|-
| 18
| Porer Upokar Kario Na (Part 2)
| 30 September 2007
|-
| 19
| Bhajahori Film Corporation
| 7 October 2007
|-
| 20
| Chamchike Aar Ticket Checker
| 14 October 2007
|-
| 21
| Peshawar Ki Aamir
| 21 October 2007
|-
| 22
| Dadhichi, Poka o Bishwakarma
| 28 October 2007
|-
| 23
| Jhaw Banglar Rahasya (Part 1)
| 4 November 2007
|-
| 24
| Jhaw Banglar Rahasya (Part 2)
| 11 November 2007
|-
| 25
| Jhaw Banglar Rahasya (Part 3)
| 18 November 2007
|-
| 26
| Jhaw Banglar Rahasya (Part 4)
| 25 November 2007
|-
| 27
| Jhaw Banglar Rahasya (Part 5)
| 2 December 2007
|-
| 28
| Jhaw Banglar Rahasya (Part 6)
| 9 December 2007
|-
| 29
| Jhaw Banglar Rahasya (Part 7)
| 16 December 2007
|-
| 30
| Tattabodhan Mane Jibe Prem
| 23 December 2007
|-
| 31
| Kak Kahini
| 30 December 2007
|-
| 32
| Kutti Mamar Hater Kaj
| 6 January 2008
|-
| 33
| Kutti Mamar Donto Kahini
| 13 January 2008
|-
| 34
| Kankrabiche (Part 1)
| 20 January 2008
|-
| 35
| Kankrabiche (Part 2)
| 27 January 2008
|-
| 36
| Charmurtir Abhijan (Part 1)
| 3 February 2008
|-
| 37
| Charmurtir Abhijan (Part 2)
| 10 February 2008
|-
| 38
| Charmurtir Abhijan (Part 3)
| 17 February 2008
|-
| 39
| Charmurtir Abhijan (Part 4)
| 24 February 2008
|-
| 40
| Charmurtir Abhijan (Part 5)
| 2 March 2008
|-
| 41
| Bhaja Gauranga Katha
| 9 March 2008
|-
| 42
| Nangchadar Hahakar (Part 1)
| 16 March 2008
|-
| 43
| Nangchadar Hahakar (Part 2)
| 23 March 2008
|-
| 44
| Brahmabikasher Donto Bikash
| 30 March 2008
|-
| 45
| Matsho Puran
| 6 April 2008
|-
| 46
| Nidarun Protishodh
| 13 April 2008
|-
| 47
| TikTikir Lej
| 20 April 2008
|-
| 48
| The Great Chhatai
| 27 April 2008
|-
| 49
| Ekta Football Match
| 4 May 2008
|-
| 50
| Khattango O Palanno
| 11 May 2008
|-
| 51
| Kombol Niruddesh (Part 1)
| 18 May 2008
|-
| 52
| Kombol Niruddesh (Part 2)
| 25 May 2008
|}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|tt30393787}}

[[Category:2007 Indian television series debuts]]
[[Category:Indian animated television series]]
[[Category:2000s television series]]
[[Category:Indian children's animated comedy television series]]
[[Category:Zee Bangla original programming]]

Kilimanoor Palace

2026-03-22T19:26:08Z

Vilianaizi: added info

{{Short description|Palace in Kerala, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2017}}
{{Infobox building
| name = Kilimanoor Palace
| image = Kilimanoor palace,kilimanoor,kerala,india.jpg
| image_size =
| image_alt = 
| image_caption = Main Palace building
| coordinates = {{coord|8|45|46|N|76|51|56|E|type:landmark_region:IN-KL|display=inline,title}}
| pushpin_map = India Kerala#India
| map_caption = Location of Kilimanoor Palace in Kerala##Location of Kilimanoor Palace in India
| location_town = [[Kilimanoor]]
| location_country = [[India]]
| architectural_style = [[Kerala architecture]]
| address =
| years_built =
| groundbreaking_date =
| construction_start_date =
| construction_stop_date =
| topped_out_date =
| completion_date = 1753
| opened_date =
| inauguration_date =
| relocated_date =
| renovation_date =
| closing_date =
| demolished_date =
| cost =
| client = [[Maharaja]] of [[Travancore]]
| height =
| material =
| size =
| floor_count =
| floor_area =
| architect =
| architecture_firm =
| parking =
| public_transit =
| website = 
| references =
| footnotes =
}}

[[File:Archkilimanoor.jpg|thumb|right|Entrance to the Kilimanoor Palace or "Arch"]]
'''Kilimanoor Palace''' is a palace located in [[Kilimanoor]], in the Indian state of [[Kerala]]. It is the birthplace of painter [[Raja Ravi Varma]] and Raghava Varma, the father of king [[Marthanda Varma]].<ref name="Thrippadidaanam">{{cite book|last1=Mheshwari|first1=S Uma|title=Thrippadidaanam|publisher=Mathrubhumi Books|isbn=978-81-8265-947-6|pages=41–53}}</ref>

==The Palace==
The Palace complex covers more than six hectares, and comprises the traditional residential structures of Kerala, like the Nalukettu, small and medium-sized buildings, three ponds, wells and sacred groves (''kaavu'').

Raja Ravi Varma is said to have built and maintained some of the buildings from the proceeds of his paintings. Families related to the Travancore royal house continue to live here.

==History==
The royal house at Choottayil, [[Kilimanoor]] has a history stretching back more than 300 years, although the oldest buildings are from a much earlier period.

===Association with the Travancore royal house===

In 1705, the son and two daughters of Ittammar Raja of [[Beypore]] Thattarikovilakam, a [[Kolathunadu]] royal house, were adopted into the royal house of [[Venad]]. The Ittammar Raja's sister and her sons, Rama Varma and Raghava Varma, settled in Kilimanoor and married the now-adopted sisters.

The lands around the present-day palace were a part of an estate which originally belonged to a [[Pillai (Kerala title)|Pillai]] ruling chief. The estate comprised several villages and was handed over to the family of Raghava Varma.<ref>(See page 4 in Madras Presidency Records, 1915, Supt, Government Press, Madras.)</ref> [[Marthanda Varma|Maharaja Marthanda Varma]], the founder of the [[Travancore|Kingdom of Travancore]], was the son of Raghava Varma.

In 1739, after Marthanda Varma ascended the throne, an alliance led by the [[Dutch Malabar|Dutch]] Captain Hockert, was formed between [[Dutch Malabar|Kochi]], [[Thekkumkur|Thekkumkoor]], [[Kollam|Desinganadu]] and [[Purakkad]], due to their shared enmity towards Marthanda Varma. In 1740, this [[Travancore–Dutch War#Initial Dutch successes|allied force attacked Venad]] and an army from Kilimanoor resisted and subsequently defeated them in the [[Battle of Colachel]]. Although a small victory, this was the first time an Indian army had defeated a European power.

In 1753, in recognition of this feat, Marthanda Varma exempted the areas controlled by the Kilimanoor Palace, as well as most of the area under the present Kilimanoor and [[Pazhayakunnummel]] panchayats from taxes, and granted them autonomous status. Although the estate had been under his rule earlier, the present palace complex was built in 1753, together with the Ayyappa temple. The original temple was at Nerumkaithakotta, near Kozhikode for the family deity, Sastha or Ayyapan.

In the early 19th century, [[Velu Thampi Dalawa]] held meetings at Kilimanoor Palace while planning uprisings against the British. In 1809, he handed over his sword at the Palace before going into his final battle against the British. India's first President, [[Rajendra Prasad|Dr Rajendra Prasad]] received this sword from the palace and it was kept in the [[National Museum, New Delhi|National Museum]] in [[Delhi]]. Afterwards the sword was moved to the [[Napier Museum]] in Thiruvananthapuram.[[File:studiorrv.jpg|thumb|right|Birthplace of [[Raja Ravi Varma]] with his studio in the foreground]]

==Personalities==
*[[Raja Ravi Varma]], painter
*[[Kareendran thampuran|Kareendran Thampuran]], poet, composer, childhood friend of [[Swathi Thirunal]]
*[[Raja Raja Varma]], uncle of Raja Ravi Varma.
*[[C. Raja Raja Varma]] Koil Thampuran, painter, brother of [[Raja Ravi Varma]]
*Shri. Madhavan Vaidyan, Kilimanoor Royal Physician

==See also==
* ''[[Marthandavarma (novel)|Marthandavarma]]'' (novel)

==References==
{{commons category|Kilimanoor Palace}}
{{more footnotes needed|date=November 2012}}
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20110110224042/http://www.swathithirunal.in/rel_kilimanoorpalace.htm Website on Swathi Thirunal]
*[http://www.keralatourism.org/index.php?zone=4&menu=19&issue=154&cat=8&news=2132065960 Kerala tourism]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20070929115043/http://www.newindpress.com/sunday/colItems.asp?ID=SEH20060420071548 Column in The Sunday Express by Shreekumar Varma]
* Sivasankaran Nair K, ''VeNAadinTe pariNamam'' (വെണാടിന്റെ പരിണാമം), in Malayalam, Current Books, 2005.
* From the Tourist brochure by '' Kilimanoor Kottara Charithra Sangraham'', Kilimanoor Palace.
*S.A.V.SMARAKA VAIDHYA SALA, TAZHAVA, KOLLAM[DIST]

==Footnotes==
<references />

{{Tourism in Kerala}}

[[Category:Kingdom of Travancore]]
[[Category:Palaces in Thiruvananthapuram]]
[[Category:Royal residences in India]]

Abhimanyu Ki Alien Family

2026-03-05T19:57:32Z

Vilianaizi: new new bio.

{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2023}}
{{Infobox television
| image = Abhimanyu Ki Alien Family.jpg
| caption = Promotional poster
| genre = [[Science fiction]] [[Television comedy|Comedy]]
| creator = Hi-Tech Animation
| director = Abhijit Daripkar Santosh Pednekar
| writer = Gaurav Malani Seema Malani [[Gulzar]] (title track)
| voices =Jasleen Singh Merlin James Mohit Sinha Roop Thakkar Sanchit Wartak Asavari Ajinkya Pratik Verma
| theme_music_composer = Simaab Sen
| opentheme =
| endtheme =
| country = India
| language = Various
| num_seasons =
| num_episodes =
| producer =
| executive_producer =Anu Sikka Ashish Thapar
| location =
| cinematography =
| camera =
| runtime =
| company = Hi-Tech Animation
| network = [[Nickelodeon India]]
| released = {{Start date|2023|4|24}}
| related =
}}
'''Abhimanyu Ki Alien Family''' is an Indian [[Animated series|animated television]] [[science fiction comedy]] series, directed by Abhijit Daripkar and Santosh Pednekar for [[Nickelodeon-India|Nickelodeon India]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Nicktoon Abhimanyu visits his Amdavadi fans |work=[[Ahmedabad Mirror]] |date=26 April 2023 |url=https://www.ahmedabadmirror.com/nicktoon-abhimanyu-visits-his-amdavadi-fans/81855283.html }}</ref> The series revolves around the adventures of Abhimanyu, a 12-year-old boy who can transform into an alien. The show follows his efforts to integrate into human society, make friends, conceal his true identity, and overcome challenges.<ref>{{cite news |title=Nickelodeon launches two new homegrown IPs |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/business/brandwagon-nickelodeon-launches-two-new-homegrown-ipsspan-stylefont-weightnormal-iddocs-internal-guid-8405620d-7fff-16cf-c438-e8cc47e88e0edivspan-stylefont-size-13pt-font-family-verdana-color-rgb227-108-10-font-3052480/ |work=[[The Financial Express (India)|The Financial Express]] |date=18 April 2023}}</ref> The lyrics for the title track of the series are written by lyricist [[Gulzar]] and the music is created by Simaab Sen. The series premiered on 24 April 2023.<ref>{{cite news |title=A combination of compelling stories and beautiful animation helps Nickelodeon stand out |url=https://www.adgully.com/a-combination-of-compelling-stories-and-beautiful-animation-helps-nickelodeon-stand-out-130819.html |work=Adgully |date=20 April 2023}}</ref>

It is the first Indian science fiction comedy series in the kids' category that is based on an [[Extraterrestrials in fiction|extraterrestrial]] theme.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Ravi |first1=Kalpana |title=Nicktoons Abhimanyu and Kanha Set to Wow Audiences with their Adventures: Viacom18 head Anu Sikka |url=https://www.indiantelevision.com/television/tv-channels/people/nicktoons-abhimanyu-and-kanha-set-to-wow-audiences-with-their-adventures-viacom18-head-anu-sikka-230424 |work=Indian Television |date=24 April 2023}}</ref><ref name="first">{{cite news |last1=Tripathi |first1=Ekta |title=Nickelodeon कर रहा एलियंस का आगमन, लेकर आ रहा है 'Abhimanyu Ki Alien Family' |url=https://punjabkesari.com/bollywood-kesari/nickelodeon-is-bringing-aliens-bringing-abhimanyu-s-alien-family-/ |work=[[Punjab Kesari]] |date=9 May 2023 |language=Hindi}}</ref>

== Synopsis ==
The series portrays the story of Abhimanyu, a 12-year-old boy who can transform into an alien. It showcases his journey of fitting in with humans, making friends, hiding his true identity, and overcoming challenges, while also highlighting his family's struggles to adapt. The characters are portrayed in both human and alien avatars.

==Characters==
* '''Abhimanyu (Voiced by Jasleen Singh)''': A smart problem-solver and the strongest alien in the group. He possesses super strength but must hide his abilities to maintain his human facade. Abhimanyu also has the power to assimilate powers from objects, albeit with occasional chaos and confusion.<ref name="characters"/>
* '''Arya (Voiced by Merlin James)''': The first-in-command on the Earth mission, acting as the eyes and ears of Supremo. Arya's elastic tongue aids her in solving problems and completing daily tasks.
* '''Naveen (Voiced by Mohit Sinha)''': Capable of turning anyone into a statue with a touch, Naveen struggles with physical contact and often appears timid and clumsy.
* '''Kookie (Voiced by Roop Thakkar)''': Possessing the power to push massive objects and manipulate wind, Kookie uses her abilities for daily convenience. She is fascinated by Earthlings' fashion sense and enjoys shopping.
* '''Supremo of Planet Zonga (Voiced by Sanchit Wartak)''': The disciplined commander of the aliens' Earth mission, instructing them to maintain human forms while on Earth.
* '''Mr. Ghotala (Voiced by Sanchit Wartak)''': The neighbor of the Kumar family. He is an alien research scientist and is always suspicious that aliens are around. His catchphrase is "Aiga!".
* '''Mrs. Ghotala (Voiced by Asavari Ajinkya)''': The neighbor and a friend of the Kumar family, especially Kookie. Her catchphrase is "Sahi samay par sahi jagah tapakne ki toh meri aadat hai!".
* '''Ronnie (Voiced by Pratik Verma)''': The son of Mr. and Mrs. Ghotala, a cocky and self-obsessed bully who uses his height and eccentric fashion sense to trouble others.He is enemy of Abhimanyu.<ref name="characters">[https://www.nickindia.com/show/abhimanyu-ki-alien-family/ "Abhimanyu's Alien Family - Nick India"]. ''[[Nick India]]'' </ref>

== Production ==
The series is produced by [[Viacom18]]'s Kids TV Network and distributed by [[Nickelodeon]]. It is conceptualized by Hi-Tech Animation and was produced using [[3D Animation|3D animation]] techniques with 2D rendering.<ref>{{cite news |title=Anu Sikka of Viacom18 on Nickelodeon's new show 'Abhimanyu Ki Alien Family', and how Nickelodeon has remained a genre leader for nine years running |url=https://mediabrief.com/anu-sikka-of-viacom18-on-nickelodeons-new-show/ |work=Media Brief |date=20 April 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Nickelodeon launches two new homegrown IPs – 'Abhimanyu Ki Alien Family' and 'Kanha – Morpankh Samrat' |url=https://www.animationxpress.com/latest-news/nickelodeon-launches-two-new-homegrown-ips-abhimanyu-ki-alien-family-and-kanha-morpankh-samrat/ |work=Animation Xpress |date=18 April 2023}}</ref>

==Episodes list ==

{| class="wikitable"
! No. !! Title
|-
| S1 1 || Being human
|-
| S1 2 || Ghotala dinner
|-
| S1 3 || Alien sunglasses
|-
| S1 4 || Beware of dog
|-
| S1 5 || Charge ho jao
|-
| S1 6 || Shaana kauwa
|-
| S1 7 || Mehman nawazi
|-
| S1 8 || Aunty ya alien
|-
| S1 9 || Alien trap
|-
| S1 10 || Rain rain
|-
| S1 11 || Alien rescue
|-
| S1 12 || Zubaan sambhal ke
|-
| S1 13 || Aasmaan se girra
|-
| S1 14 || Apni kursi sambhalo
|-
| S1 15 || Abhimanyu supercharged
|-
| S1 16 || Mamla jam gaya
|-
| S1 17 || Earth pe atka
|-
| S1 18 || Bhoot bangla
|-
| S1 19 || Chakkar kumar ka
|-
| S1 20 || Khel khel mein
|-
| S1 21 || Double Ghotala
|-
| S1 22 || Hawa Hawai
|-
| S1 23 || Alien tree
|-
| S1 24 || Ankhiyon se goli maare
|-
| S1 25 || Cross connection
|-
| S1 26 || Batti gul
|-
| S1 27 || Car ka karnama
|-
| S1 28 || Bee se bachao
|-
| S1 29 || Alien festival
|-
| S1 30 || Kite Flying
|-
| S1 31 || Nimbu petrol
|-
| S1 32 || Aadha adhura
|-
| S1 33 || Beware of chair
|-
| S1 34 || Rat race
|-
| S1 35 || Alien hunter Ronnie
|-
| S1 36 || Chori chori chupke chupke
|-
| S1 37 || Tommy se panga
|-
| S1 38 || Choti si baat
|-
| S1 39 || Watch out
|-
| S1 40 || Zordaar Zumba
|-
| S1 41 || Lucky stone
|-
| S1 42 || Rob The Robot
|-
| S1 43 || Ek Din Ka Human
|-
| S1 44 || Family No.1
|-
| S1 45 || Ghotala's uncle
|-
| S1 46 || Chabi Kho Jae
|-
| S1 47 || Dog saliva
|-
| S1 48 || Robot Yaa Alien
|-
| S1 49 || Naveen Bade Darshan Chote
|-
| S1 50 || Cooking With Kookie
|-
| S1 51 || Low Gravity
|-
| S1 52 || Holi Hai
|-
| S1 53 || Taang Ada Ke
|-
| S1 54 || Naveen ka Ghotala
|-
| S1 55 || Kookie Ka Haircut
|-
| S1 56 || Alien Bana Superhero
|-
| S1 57 || Power On Off
|-
| S1 58 || Dinosaur Zinda Hain
|-
| S1 59 || Yoga Se Hi Hoga
|-
| S1 60 || Tote Udd Gaye
|-
| S1 61 || Tower Ka Terror
|-
| S1 62 || Machli Phas Gayi
|-
| S1 63 || Jungle Mein Dangal
|-
| S1 64 || Pipe Burst
|-
| S1 65 || Kookie's Practice Session
|-
| S1 66 || Arya 2.0
|-
| S1 67 || Cafe Galactica
|-
| S1 68 || Zhumbak Power
|-
| S1 69 || Haye Garmi
|-
| S1 70 || Happy Birthday Kumar
|-
| S1 71 || Food truck frenzy
|-
| S1 72 || Naveen Ka Horror
|-
| S1 73 || Zonga Ki Keede
|-
| S1 74 || Zor Ka Jhatka
|-
| S1 75 || Plastic To Elastic
|-
| S1 76 || Chumbak ka zumbak
|-
| S1 77 || Mehmaan badal gaya
|-
| S1 78 || Boat Battle
|-
| S1 79 || TV trouble
|-
| S1 80 || Hockey horror
|-
| S1 81 || Loka
|-
| S1 82 || Arya In The Limelight
|-
| S1 83 || Gol ghuma diya
|-
| S1 84 || Naveen ki chhutti
|-
| S1 85 || Power Booster
|-
| S1 86 || Daant deni padhegi
|-
| S1 87 || Alien ki insaniyat
|-
| S1 88 || Construction chaos
|-
| S1 89 || Census Sangharsh
|-
| S1 90 || Diwali Alienwali
|-
| S1 91 || Chipku chipki
|-
| S1 92 || Bhool Gayi Cookie
|-
| S1 93 || Fool ya cool
|-
| S1 94 || Tina ki zid
|-
| S1 95 || Genius friendship
|-
| S1 96 || Dream drama
|-
| S1 97 || Buaji
|-
| S1 98 || Hasna Mana Hai
|-
| S1 99 || Nakalbazi
|-
| S1 100 || Merry Christmas
|-
| S1 101 || Problem party
|-
| S1 102 || Handi Phod
|-
| S1 103 || Halloween Hungama
|-
| S1 104 || Mission sleep
|-
| S1 105 || School mein battery down
|-
| S1 106 || Tiffin Trouble
|-
| S1 107 || Monitor kaun banega
|-
| S1 108 || Udan Choo
|-
| S1 109 || Ghanti Bajj Gayi
|-
| S1 110 || First day at school
|-
| S1 111 || Cricket Match
|-
| S1 112 || Mani bhula Money
|-
| S1 113 || Inspection Destruction
|-
| S1 114 || Halloween Heropanti
|-
| S1 115 || Alienpanti Ki No Entry
|-
| S1 116 || Achar Chor Supremo
|-
| S1 117 || Mutter Mania
|-
| S1 118 || Genius Solution
|-
| S1 119 || Abhimanyu Ki Cut Cut
|-
| S1 120 || Zada Udd Mat
|-
| S1 121 || Pranks Ka Panchnama
|-
| S1 122 || Camp Vamp Chair Vair
|-
| S1 123 || Parent Teacher Meeting
|-
| S1 124 || Supremo School Surprise
|-
| S1 125 || Chocolate Day
|-
| S1 126 || Dramebaaz Abhimanyu
|-
| S1 127 || Principal Supremo
|-
| S1 128 || Shahi Swagat
|-
| S1 129 || Alien Watch
|-
| S1 130 || Trekking Tashan Premaster
|-
| S1 131 || White Uniform
|-
| S1 132 || Monkey trouble
|-
| S1 133 || Alien Project
|-
| S1 134 || Chalk Ka Chor
|-
| S1 135 || Alien Master
|-
| S1 136 || Billi Ki Khoj
|-
| S1 137 || Alien ki Bow Bow
|-
| S1 138 || Mascot Masti
|-
| S1 139 || Lunch Monitor Mona
|-
| S1 140 || Picnic Problem
|-
| S1 141 || Tinku Ka Birthday Wish
|-
| S1 142 || Tinku se Tooti Friendship
|-
| S1 143 || London ka Tension
|-
| S1 144 || Hathoda Ka Makoda
|-
| S1 145 || Naveen Under Pressure
|-
| S1 146 || Mother's Day
|-
| S1 147 || Khana Khake Jaana
|-
| S1 148 || Baal Ki Khaal
|-
| S1 149 || Adla Badli
|-
| S1 150 || Alien acche hote hai
|-
| S1 151 || Navin Ka pehla Job
|-
| S1 152 || Bandar Bawal
|-
| S1 153 || Space Mein No Space
|-
| S1 154 || Chance Pe Dance
|-
| S1 155 || Space Mein Ghotala
|-
| S1 156 || Badlu Ka Badla
|-
| S1 157 || Hum Hai Rahi VR Ke
|-
| S1 158 || Supremo Ka Wallet
|-
| S1 159 || Alien Ghotala
|-
| S1 160 || When Jimmy Met Commet
|-
| S1 161 || Tunta Munta
|-
| S1 162 || Age ka Aflaatoonv
|-
| S1 163 || Supremo ki Gaadi
|-
| S1 164 || Bouncer Idea
|}

== Reception ==
In an article for ''[[Outlook (Indian magazine)|Outlook India]]'', Garima Das included the show, ''Abhimanyu Ki Alien Family'' in her list titled "5 Movies And Shows A Sci-Fi Lover Should Definitely Watch." Das highlighted the show's intriguing premise, stating, "What makes it interesting is the challenges faced by the alien team as they navigate the complexities of human life, forge friendships, conceal their true identities, and overcome various adversities and threats."<ref>{{cite news |last1=Das |first1=Garima |title=5 Movies And Shows A Sci-Fi Lover Should Definitely Watch! |url=https://www.outlookindia.com/art-entertainment/5-movies-and-shows-a-sci-fi-lover-should-definitely-watch--news-289017 |publisher=[[Outlook India]] |date=24 May 2023}}</ref>

== See also ==
{{Portal|Animation|India|Television}}
* [[List of programmes broadcast by Nickelodeon (India)]]
* [[List of Indian animated television series]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* [https://www.nickindia.com/show/abhimanyu-ki-alien-family/ Official website]
* {{IMDb title|tt27737209}}

{{Children television series in India}}
{{India Animation Industry}}
[[Category:Animated television series about extraterrestrial life]]
[[Category:Television series about extraterrestrial life]]
[[Category:Animated television series about children]]
[[Category:Animated television series about families]]
[[Category:2023 Indian television series debuts]]
[[Category:Indian children's animated comedy television series]]
[[Category:Indian computer-animation]]
[[Category:Indian science fiction television series]]
[[Category:Indian television sitcoms]]
[[Category:2020s satirical television series]]
[[Category:Hindi language television sitcoms]]
[[Category:Nickelodeon (Indian TV channel) original programming]]
[[Category:Hindi-language Nickelodeon original programming]]
|}

Chandasasanudu

2026-03-03T19:05:11Z

Vilianaizi: new

{{More citations needed|date=June 2025}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2018}}
{{Infobox film
| image = Chanda Sasanudu.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| screenplay = N. T. Rama Rao
| story = [[Paruchuri brothers]]
| producer = N. T. Rama Rao
| director = [[N. T. Rama Rao]]
| starring = N. T. Rama Rao [[Radha (actress)|Radha]]
| music = [[K. Chakravarthy|Chakravarthy]]
| cinematography = [[Nandamuri Mohana Krishna]]
| editing = M.S.N. Murthy
| studio = [[Ramakrishna Cine Studios]]
| distributor = Ramakrishna Cine Studios<ref name="indiatoday" />
| released = {{Film date|df=y|1983|5|28}}
| runtime = 151 minutes
| country = India
| language = Telugu
}}

'''''ChandaSasanudu''''' ({{translation|Dictator}}) is a 1983 Indian [[Telugu language|Telugu]]-language [[action film]], produced and directed by [[N. T. Rama Rao]] on his [[Ramakrishna Cine Studios]] banner. It is a remake of [[Bengali language|Bengali]] film ''Rajbansha'' (1977). Starring Rama Rao and [[Radha (actress)|Radha]], with music composed by [[K. Chakravarthy|Chakravarthy]], this was Rao's last film before he became [[List of chief ministers of Andhra Pradesh|Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh]].<ref name="indiatoday">{{Cite web |last=Menon |first=Amarnath K. |date=15 July 1983 |title=Chandasasanudu, starring N.T. Rama Rao, is a typical formula film |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/society-the-arts/films/story/19830715-chandasasanudu-starring-n.t.-rama-rao-is-a-typical-formula-film-770825-2013-07-18 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201114130720/https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/society-the-arts/films/story/19830715-chandasasanudu-starring-n.t.-rama-rao-is-a-typical-formula-film-770825-2013-07-18 |archive-date=14 November 2020 |access-date=21 December 2020 |website=[[India Today]]}}</ref> The film was a hit.<ref>{{Cite news |date=9 July 2012 |title='Be spontaneous to attract cinema goers' |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Vijayawada/be-spontaneous-to-attract-cinema-goers/article3619902.ece |access-date=21 December 2020 |archive-date=20 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231120154009/https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Vijayawada/be-spontaneous-to-attract-cinema-goers/article3619902.ece |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Plot ==
The film is a battle between [[feudalism]] and [[communism]]. Harichandra Prasad is a dictator of a terrain Rangapuram adored as a deity. Satyam, a collectivist, antagonizes over whether strengthening the community is higher than godliness. Harichandra Prasad attested that his righteousness goes beyond that. His sister Bhuvaneswari Devi is endeared to Satyam's idealism and connects with him where Harichandra Prasad cut the cords. Venkataiah and Appa Rao, evil followers of Satyam, mingled with Harichandra Prasad's acolyte Karanam, who stole ornaments of God and incriminated Satyam. Harichandra Prasad placed sanctions on him. In that skirmish, Bhuvaneswari gainsays her brother and frees her husband. The trio assassinates Satyam on behalf of Prasad when a rivalry arises between the siblings. Bhuvaneswari affirms raising her son Raja according to her husband's scruples. She places him secretly at her friend Rajyalakshmi's, staying hidden.

Years roll by, and Raja, a youth leader, counteracts the offenses of the trio as they masquerade as respectable. Raja falls for charming Rani, and destiny makes her his maternal uncle's daughter. Hearing it, Rajyalakshmi collapses and returns him to his mother, stating that her word is useless to him. Raja goes to Rangapuram, where Bhuvaneshwari wakes him by showing him the vulnerable sections of disadvantaged agriculturalists and laborers and tells him to emancipate them. He rebels against Harichandra Prasad, who is startled when he notices a resemblance and realizes that Raja is his nephew. From there, he turns a tough nut and scolds Rani for denouncing the country. Hence, Harichandra Prasad makes a charge and tortures Raja. However, he counterattacks him and takes Rani into his custody as an axe to this authority. At this point, Harishchandra Prasad wants to clear his name by unveiling the true culprits. He ends the baddies by accomplishing his sister's pledge, who becomes gravely wounded. The movie ends with Harichandra Prasad dying, followed by Bhuvaneswari, showing their bondage as immortal.

== Cast ==
*[[N. T. Rama Rao]] as Hari Chandra Prasad and Raja
*[[Sharada (actress)|Sharada]] as Bhuvaneswari Devi
*[[Radha (actress)|Radha]] as Rani
*[[Rao Gopal Rao]] as Venkatesh / Venkataiah
*[[Kaikala Satyanarayana|Satyanarayana]] as Appa Rao / Appigadu
*[[Jaggayya]] as Satyam
*[[Rallapalli (actor)|Rallapalli]] as Karanam
*[[Chalapathi Rao]] as Dasu
*[[Narra Venkateswara Rao]] as C.B.I.Official
*K.K.Sharma as Police Inspector
*[[Annapoorna (actress)|Annapurna]] as Rajyalakshmi
*[[Kavitha (actress)|Kavitha]] as Jayasri
*[[Jayamalini]] as Parijatham

== Soundtrack ==
Music composed by [[K. Chakravarthy|Chakravarthy]]. Lyrics were written by [[C. Narayana Reddy]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Chandasasanudu – 7 Inch EP |url=https://vintagestore.in/products/chandasasanudu-7-inch-ep |access-date=2022-03-10 |website=vintagestore.in}}</ref>
{|class="wikitable"
|-
!Song title !!Singers !!length
|-
|"Naina Nandakumara"
|[[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]], [[P. Susheela]]
|3:57
|-
|"Suku Suku Sukumari"
|S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, P. Susheela
|4:12
|-
|"Chinnari Seethamma"
|S. P. Balasubrahmanyam
|3:32
|-
|"Entha Takkari"
|P. Susheela
|3:43
|-
|"Vaada Vaada"
|P. Susheela
|4:00
|-
|"Desamante Matti Kaadhoy"
|S. P. Balasubrahmanyam
|3:41
|-
|"Anna Chellella"
|S. P. Balasubrahmanyam
|2:46
|-
|"Chinnari Seethamma"
|S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, P. Susheela
|1:04
|-
|"Janam Thiragabaduthondhi"
|S. P. Balasubrahmanyam
|3:17
|}

== Reception ==
Amarnath K Menon wrote for ''[[India Today]]'', "The film, although it is a sloppy patchwork quilt of stunts and sentiment, will still pull in NTR fans, trained as they are, to his cosmetic realism, stereotypes and cliches."<ref name="indiatoday" />

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title}}

[[Category:1983 Indian films]]
[[Category:1983 Telugu-language films]]
[[Category:1983 action films]]
[[Category:1983 films]]
[[Category:Films directed by N. T. Rama Rao]]
[[Category:Films scored by K. Chakravarthy]]
[[Category:Films with screenplays by the Paruchuri brothers]]
[[Category:Indian action films]]
[[Category:Telugu films remade in other languages]]

Chal Mohan Ranga

2026-03-03T17:42:28Z

Vilianaizi: Content refined and expanded

{{short description|2018 film directed by Krishna Chaitanya}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2019}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Chal Mohan Ranga
| image = Chal Mohan Ranga - Movie Poster.jpg
| director = [[Krishna Chaitanya (lyricist)|Krishna Chaitanya]]
| story = [[Trivikram Srinivas]]
| screenplay = Krishna Chaitanya
| producer = N. Sudhakar Reddy [[Pawan Kalyan]] Trivikram Srinivas
| starring = [[Nithiin]] [[Megha Akash]]
| cinematography = [[Natty Subramaniam]]
| editing = M. S. Rajashekhar Reddy (S. R. Shekhar)
| music = [[S. S. Thaman]]
| studio = Shresht Movies [[Pawan Kalyan Creative Works]]
| released = {{Film date|df=y|2018|04|05|ref1=<ref>[https://www.cinemagola.in/blog/chal-mohana-ranga-grand-release-tomorrow/ Chal Mohana Ranga is all set for Grand Release Tomorrow!] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190616090112/http://www.cinemagola.in/blog/chal-mohana-ranga-grand-release-tomorrow/ |date=16 June 2019 }} Cinemagola (Summer 2018)</ref>}}
| country = India
| language = Telugu
| gross = {{Estimation}} {{INR|17.6 [[crore]]}}<ref>{{cite news |last1=Hooli |first1=Shekhar H. |title=Tollywood box office report of 2018: highest grossing Telugu movies of year; List of hits and flops |url=https://www.ibtimes.co.in/2018s-tollywood-movies-box-office-collection-list-highest-grossing-telugu-films-year-780150 |access-date=30 August 2020 |work=International Business Times, India Edition |date=10 September 2018 |language=english |archive-date=5 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200605111412/https://www.ibtimes.co.in/2018s-tollywood-movies-box-office-collection-list-highest-grossing-telugu-films-year-780150 |url-status=live }}</ref>
}}
'''''Chal Mohan Ranga''''' ({{translation|Go ahead, Mohan Ranga{{refn|group=N|While the phrase is generally used while prodding someone encouragingly to move ahead, in this case, it may also mean to encourage the protagonist Mogan Ranga to go ahead.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Chowdhary |first1=Y. Sunita |title=Film with fun quotient |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/music/krishna-chaitanya-on-chal-mohan-ranga/article23434118.ece |website=The Hindu |date=4 April 2018 |access-date=4 April 2018 |archive-date=4 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220204065954/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/music/krishna-chaitanya-on-chal-mohan-ranga/article23434118.ece |url-status=live }}</ref>}}}}) is a 2018 Indian [[Telugu language|Telugu]]-language [[romantic comedy]] film directed by [[Krishna Chaitanya (lyricist)|Krishna Chaitanya]] and produced by Sudhakar Reddy along with [[Pawan Kalyan]] and [[Trivikram Srinivas]]. The film stars [[Nithiin]] and [[Megha Akash]], while [[Madhunandan]], [[Rao Ramesh]], [[Naresh (actor)|Naresh]] and [[Lissy (actress)|Lissy]] play supporting roles. The film has story by Trivikram Srinivas and the cinematography is by [[Natty Subramaniam]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Pawan Kalyan, Trivikram gave me complete freedom: 'Chal Mohana Ranga' director Krishna Chaitanya |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/telugu/2018/apr/03/pawan-kalyan-trivikram-gave-me-complete-freedom-chal-mohana-ranga-director-krishna-chaitanya-1796582.html |access-date=11 March 2021 |work=The New Indian Express |date=3 April 2018 |archive-date=19 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220119131654/https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/telugu/2018/apr/03/pawan-kalyan-trivikram-gave-me-complete-freedom-chal-mohana-ranga-director-krishna-chaitanya-1796582.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

The film's score and soundtrack are scored by [[S. S. Thaman]]. The theatrical trailer was released on [[Simran Pareenja|13 March]] 2018. The film was released on 5 April 2018 to mixed reviews praising the performances, music, and comedy but criticizing the story-less and flat narration. The film commercially failed at the box office. Lissy made her comeback with this film in a supporting role, after a 27-year hiatus.

==Plot==
The film opens with the arrival of an ambulance to a respective hospital. As the ambulance door opens and takes the victims of an accident to the [[ICU Medical|ICU]] for treatment, Mohan Ranga ([[Nithiin]]) narrates his story. Mohan is an independent teenager in Hyderabad who is interested in going to the USA, but couldn't go. At last, he goes to the USA by taking a dead body, through which he got a visa. There, he meets Megha Lokesh in a car as he was going for a sponsorship interview. They fall in love and the story revolves. At last, they came to know they are friends before. The film concludes with the characters confessing to each other.

==Cast==
{{colbegin}}
* [[Nithiin]] as Mohan Ranga
* [[Megha Akash]] as Megha Subramanyam
* [[Madhunandan]] as Vilas
* [[Rao Ramesh]] as Ramesh
* [[Naresh (actor)|Naresh]] as Mohan's father
* [[Pragathi (actress)|Pragathi]] as Mohan's mother
* [[Lissy (actress)|Lissy]] as Megha's mother
* Sanjay Swaroop as Megha's father
* Baby Hasini as Megha's sister
* [[Neeraja Kona]] as Miami
* [[Kireeti Damaraju]] as Ramesh's son
* Ashu Reddy as Ashu
* [[Rohini Hattangadi]] as Saroja
* [[Satya (Telugu actor)|Satya]] as Mohan's friend
*Pammi Sai as Mohan's friend
{{colend}}

==Soundtrack==
{{Infobox album
| name = Chal Mohan Ranga
| type = soundtrack
| artist = [[S. S. Thaman]]
| cover =
| alt =
| released = {{Start date|df=yes|2018|03|18}}<ref>{{cite web |url=https://itunes.apple.com/in/album/chal-mohan-ranga-original-motion-picture-soundtrack-ep/1360301135 |title=Chal Mohan Ranga (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack) |publisher=[[iTunes]] |access-date=5 March 2021 |archive-date=4 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180704101647/https://itunes.apple.com/in/album/chal-mohan-ranga-original-motion-picture-soundtrack-ep/1360301135 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
| recorded = 2018
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = Soundtrack
| length = {{duration|m=24|s=25}}
| label = Mango Music
| producer = [[S. S. Thaman]]
| prev_title = [[Inttelligent]]
| prev_year = 2018
| next_title = [[Aravinda Sametha Veera Raghava]]
| next_year = 2018
}}

The film's soundtrack consists of six songs composed by [[S. S. Thaman]].
{{Track listing
| collapsed =
| headline = Original Tracklist (Telugu)
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| total_length =

| title1 = Pedda Puli
| lyrics1 = Sahithi
| extra1 = [[Rahul Sipligunj]]
| length1 = 03:50

| title2 = Very Very Sad
| lyrics2 = Balaji
| extra2 = [[Yazin Nizar]], Sanjana Divaker Kalmanje
| length2 = 03:53

| title3 = Miami
| lyrics3 = [[Neeraja Kona]]
| extra3 = [[Aditi Singh Sharma]], [[Manisha Eerabathini]]
| length3 = 03:42

| title4 = Vaaram
| lyrics4 = Kedarnath
| extra4 = [[Nakash Aziz]]
| length4 = 03:58

| title5 = Gha Gha Megha
| lyrics5 = [[Krishna Kanth]]
| extra5 = [[Rahul Nambiar]]
| length5 = 04:03

| title6 = Ardham Leni Navvu
| length6 = 04:07
| lyrics6 = Raghuram
| extra6 = [[T. Sreenidhi]]
}}

{{Track listing
| collapsed =
| headline = Tracklist (Hindi Dubbed)
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| title1 = Jab Bhi Bolu - Pedda Puli
| extra1 = [[S. S. Thaman]], Dubbing Artists, [[Rahul Sipligunj]]
| length1 = 03:54
| all_writing =
| title2 =
| length2 =
| title3 =
| length3 =
| title4 =
| length4 =
| title5 =
| length5 =
| title6 =
| length6 =
| title7 =
| length7 =
| title8 =
| length8 =
| title9 =
| length9 =
| title10 =
| length10 =
| total_length =
}}

==Critical reception==

Neeshita Nyayapati of ''[[The Times of India]]'' gave the film a rating of 2.5 out of 5 saying that, "‘Chal Mohan Ranga’ is an aimless and time-pass ride, which starts out with promise and has a few highs – if only it had a better story and character development."<ref>{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movie-reviews/chal-mohan-ranga/movie-review/63626094.cms |title=Chal Mohan Ranga Movie Review |work=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=5 March 2021 |archive-date=8 April 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200408002343/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movie-reviews/chal-mohan-ranga/movie-review/63626094.cms |url-status=live }}{{Rating|2.5|5}}</ref> Priyanka Sundar of ''[[Hindustan Times]]'' gave the film a rating of 2 out of 5 saying that the film "suffers throughout because of cliches and would have been unbearable if not for the comedy woven throughout."<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/movie-reviews/chal-mohan-ranga-movie-review-comedy-saves-this-nithiin-starrer/story-8ZuATvitEQoex672bgvDUN.html|title=Chal Mohan Ranga movie review: Comedy saves this Nithiin starrer|work=[[Hindustan Times]]|date=5 April 2018|access-date=5 March 2021|archive-date=18 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210518040520/https://www.hindustantimes.com/movie-reviews/chal-mohan-ranga-movie-review-comedy-saves-this-nithiin-starrer/story-8ZuATvitEQoex672bgvDUN.html|url-status=live}}{{Rating|2|5}}</ref> Hemanth Kumar of ''Firstpost'' gave the film a rating of 2 out of 5 saying that, "This was a soul-sucking experience and it's hard to recall any other ‘romantic drama’ in recent times which crushed the whole point of what makes a romantic film ‘romantic’ to pulp and that too in such a glorious manner."<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/chal-mohan-ranga-movie-review-nithiin-megha-akash-starrer-is-a-soul-sucking-experience-4419555.html |title=Chal Mohan Ranga movie review: Nithiin, Megha Akash-Starrer is a soul-sucking experience |work=First Post |date=5 April 2018 |access-date=5 March 2021 |archive-date=28 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200828134839/https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/chal-mohan-ranga-movie-review-nithiin-megha-akash-starrer-is-a-soul-sucking-experience-4419555.html |url-status=live }}{{Rating|2|5}}</ref> Suresh Kavirayani of ''[[Deccan Chronicle]]'' gave the film a rating of 2.5 out of 5 saying that, "First half is narrated in an entertaining way and the second half is saved by the climax. It's just a time pass film."<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/movie-reviews/090418/chal-mohan-ranga-movie-review-love-in-the-us-turns-out-to-be-a-routin.html |title=Chal Mohan Ranga movie review: Love in the US turns out to be a routine story |work=[[Deccan Chronicle]] |date=8 April 2018 |access-date=5 March 2021 |archive-date=12 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210412211600/https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/movie-reviews/090418/chal-mohan-ranga-movie-review-love-in-the-us-turns-out-to-be-a-routin.html |url-status=live }}{{Rating|2|5}}</ref>

==Notes==
{{Reflist|group=N}}

==References==
{{reflist|30em}}

==External links==
*{{IMDb title|7767866}}
{{Trivikram Srinivas}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Chal Mohan Ranga}}
[[Category:2018 films]]
[[Category:2018 Telugu-language films]]
[[Category:Films shot in Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Films shot in New Jersey]]
[[Category:Films set in Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:2018 romantic comedy films]]
[[Category:Films scored by Thaman S]]
[[Category:Indian romantic comedy films]]

Sathyavan

2026-03-03T04:55:33Z

Vilianaizi: created new details

{{About|the Tamil film Sathyavan||Savitri and Satyavan}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2024}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Sathyavan
| image =
| caption =
| director = [[Raj Kapoor (Tamil film director)|Raj Kapoor]]
| producer = B. N. S. R. P. Reddy
| screenplay = Raj Kapoor
| story = [[Vamsy]]
| starring = {{ubl|[[Murali (Tamil actor)|Murali]]|[[Gautami]]}}
| music = [[Ilaiyaraaja]]
| cinematography = M. Sudhakar
| editing = [[B. Lenin]] [[V. T. Vijayan]]
| distributor =
| studio = N. S. R. Productions
| released = {{Film date|df=y|1994|09|09}}
| runtime = 140 minutes
| country = India
| language = Tamil
}}

'''''Sathyavan''''' ({{translation|Truthful man}}) is a 1994 Indian [[Tamil language]] [[comedy film]] directed by [[Raj Kapoor (Tamil director)|Raj Kapoor]]. The film stars [[Murali (Tamil actor)|Murali]] and [[Gautami]], with [[Goundamani]], [[Senthil]], [[R. Sundarrajan]], [[Uday Prakash (actor)|Uday Prakash]], [[Vennira Aadai Moorthy]] and [[Vadivukkarasi]] playing supporting roles. It was released on 9 September 1994. The film is a remake of the Telugu film ''[[April 1 Vidudala]]''.<ref>{{cite web |title=Sathyavan ( 1994 ) |url=http://www.cinesouth.com/cgi-bin/filmography/newfilmdb.cgi?name=sathyavan |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120924141038/http://www.cinesouth.com/cgi-bin/filmography/newfilmdb.cgi?name=sathyavan |archive-date=24 September 2012 |access-date=9 November 2016 |website=Cinesouth}}</ref>

== Plot ==
{{More plot|date=February 2024}}
The film starts with the videographer Diwakar arriving late to video-shoot a marriage, where he falls in love with Bhuvaneshwari at first sight. He then gets a hold of Bhuvaneshwari's maternal uncle Anjaneya and obtains information about Bhuvaneshwari. He gathers that she respects only the people who are self-employed and straightforward. He also finds out that she is unmarried and she is about to be transferred to his village. Back to his village, Diwakar has the plan to open a video shop with his friend Mani. To secure the capital, he uses all kinds of tricks to rip off the villagers. Diwakar blackmails Bhagyam to reveal her extramarital affair to her husband. He then gets money from Kiruba, a married man who is in love with Bhagyam and promises him to join them. He even claims money from [[chit fund]] which he never was a member of. After getting enough money, he opens his video shop. He starts to sell electronic products found on the street and advertises them as new products imported from [[Dubai]].

Anjaneya writes him letters in Bhuvaneshwari's name making Diwakar assume that she is in love with him. Afterwards, Bhuvaneshwari, her mother and her bachelor uncle Anjaneya land in Diwakar's village, Diwakar arranges them a house. He learns that Bhuvaneshwari doesn't love him and he had been cheated by Anjaneya all along. Bhuvaneshwari puts forward a deal that she would marry Diwakar only if he stays out of cheating, and does not utter a lie in a month. What transpires next forms the rest of the story.

== Cast ==

{{cast listing|
*[[Murali (Tamil actor)|Murali]] as Diwakar
*[[Gautami]] as Bhuvaneshwari
*[[Goundamani]] as Kiruba
*[[Senthil]] as Mani
*[[R. Sundarrajan]] as Anjaneya
*[[Uday Prakash (actor)|Uday Prakash]] as Gopi
*[[Vennira Aadai Moorthy]] as Moorthy
*[[Vadivukkarasi]] as Bhuvaneshwari's mother
*[[Kavitha (actress)|Kavitha]] as Diwakar's mother
*[[Rama Prabha]] as Moorthy's wife
*Sharmili as Bhagyam
*Vijaya Chandrika as Kiruba's wife
*Mahima as Ammu
*[[Typist Gopu]] as Mathrubootham
*[[Kumarimuthu]] as Kuppasamy
*[[Chelladurai]] as Ramamurthy
*Boopathi Raja as Sundar
*[[Kovai Senthil]]
*Rajkumar
*[[Chaplin Balu]] as Barber
*[[Sethu Vinayagam]] as Thangaraj
}}

== Soundtrack ==

The soundtrack was composed by [[Ilaiyaraaja]], with lyrics written by [[Vaali (poet)|Vaali]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Sathyavaan |url=https://www.jiosaavn.com/album/sathyavaan/baSe3KHIJ9Y_ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230218163442/https://www.jiosaavn.com/album/sathyavaan/baSe3KHIJ9Y_ |archive-date=18 February 2023 |access-date=19 October 2023 |website=[[JioSaavn]]}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;"
! Song !! Singer(s) !! Duration
|-
| "Yappavum Naanthaanda" || [[Mano (singer)|Mano]] || 5:09
|-
| "Kalyaanam Kacheari" || Mano, Sundarrajan || 4:40
|-
| "Kanmani Kanmani Minnidum" || Mano, [[K. S. Chithra]] || 5:08
|-
| "Poi Sonnean Poiea Sonnean" || Mano, K. S. Chithra || 5:08
|-
| "Unnai Naan Leasa" || Mano, [[Minmini]] || 4:42
|}

== Reception ==
Malini Mannath of ''[[The Indian Express]]'' gave a negative review, criticising the slow screenplay and the performances of the actors.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Mannath |first=Malini |date=23 September 1994 |title=Truly, tiring |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=P9oYG7HA76QC&dat=19940923&printsec=frontpage |access-date=9 November 2016 |work=[[The Indian Express]] |pages=6 |via=[[Google News Archive]]}}{{cbignore}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
*{{IMDb title|0318664}}

[[Category:1994 Indian films]]
[[Category:1994 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:1994 films]]
[[Category:1994 romantic comedy films]]
[[Category:Films about con artists]]
[[Category:Films about fraud]]
[[Category:Films about photographers]]
[[Category:Films directed by Raj Kapoor (Tamil director)]]
[[Category:Films scored by Ilaiyaraaja]]
[[Category:Indian romantic comedy films]]
[[Category:Tamil remakes of Telugu films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]

{{Improve categories|date=February 2024}}

Jawahar Navodaya Vidyalaya, East Sikkim

2026-02-22T04:12:17Z

Vilianaizi: Enhanced content and organization

{{short description|School in Sikkim, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2019}}
{{Infobox school
| name = Jawahar Navodaya Vidyalaya, East Sikkim
| native_name = JNV Pakyong
| image_size = 100px
| alt = Logo of Navodaya schools
| caption = Pragyanam Brahma
| motto = Pragyanam Brahma
| motto_translation = Consciousness is [[Brahman]]
| location = [[Pakyong]], [[East Sikkim district|East Sikkim]]
| city =
| state = [[Sikkim]]
| country = [[India]]
| coordinates = {{Coord|27.2494|N|88.5839|E|type:edu|display=inline,title|format=dms}}
| postal_code = 737106
| type = Public
| established = 1992
| opened =
| closed =
| district =
| superintendent =
| principal = Chandra Bhushan Prasad Gupta, Principal I/C
| principal_label =
| principal1 = 
| principal_label1 = Vice Principal
| faculty = 20
| staff = 10
| grades = VI - XII
| enrollment =
| campus_size =
| campus_type = Rural
| colors =
| feeder_schools =
| affiliation = [[Central Board for Secondary Education|CBSE]]
| website = {{URL|http://www.jnveastsikkim.edu.in/}}
| footnotes =
}}
'''Jawahar Navodaya Vidyalaya, East Sikkim''' or locally known as '''JNV Pakyong''' is a [[Boarding school|boarding]], [[co-educational]] school in [[East Sikkim district]] of [[Sikkim]] state in [[India]]. Navodaya Vidyalayas are funded by the Indian [[Ministry of Human Resource Development|Ministry of Human Resources Development]] and administered by Navodaya Vidyalaya Smiti, an autonomous body under the ministry. Navodaya Vidyalayas offer free education to talented children from [[Education in India#Primary education|Class VI to XII]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://navodaya.gov.in/nvs/en/Home1/|title=Navodaya Vidyalaya Smiti|website=Navodaya Vidyalaya Smiti|access-date=12 January 2019|archive-date=17 April 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180417144104/http://navodaya.gov.in/nvs/en/Home1|url-status=dead}}</ref>

== History ==
The school was established in 1992, and is a part of [[Jawahar Navodaya Vidyalaya]] schools. The school shifted to its permanent campus in 2017. This school is administered and monitored by [[Shillong]] regional office of [[Navodaya Vidyalaya Samiti|Navodaya Vidyalaya Smiti]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://nvsroshillong.gov.in/sikkim/|title=NVS RO Shillong - JNVs in Sikkim|website=NVS Shillong|access-date=12 January 2019|archive-date=19 January 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190119191203/http://nvsroshillong.gov.in/sikkim/|url-status=dead}}</ref>

== Admission ==
Admission to JNV Pakyong at class VI level is made through selection test conducted by Navodaya Vidyalaya Smiti. The information about test is disseminated and advertised in district by the office of East Sikkim [[District collector (India)|district magistrate]] (Collector), who is also the chairperson of Vidyalya Management Committee.

== Affiliations ==
JNV East Sikkim is affiliated to [[Central Board of Secondary Education]] with affiliation number 1840004.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://cbseaff.nic.in/cbse_aff/schdir_Report/AppViewdir.aspx?affno=1840004|title=CBSE affiliation details of JNV East Sikkim|website=[[Central Board of Secondary Education|CBSE]] - Online School Affiliation & Monitoring System|access-date=12 January 2019|archive-date=12 January 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190112195041/http://cbseaff.nic.in/cbse_aff/schdir_Report/AppViewdir.aspx?affno=1840004|url-status=dead}}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[Jawahar Navodaya Vidyalaya, West Sikkim]]
* [[Jawahar Navodaya Vidyalaya, North Sikkim]]
* [[Jawahar Navodaya Vidyalaya, South Sikkim]]
* [[Jawahar Navodaya Vidyalaya#List of schools|List of Jawahar Navodaya Vidyalaya schools]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==

* [http://www.jnveastsikkim.edu.in/ Official website of JNV East Sikkim] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190112120153/http://www.jnveastsikkim.edu.in/ |date=12 January 2019 }}

{{Jawahar Navodaya Vidyalaya}}

[[Category:High schools and secondary schools in Sikkim]]
[[Category:Jawahar Navodaya Vidyalayas in Sikkim|East Sikkim]]
[[Category:Educational institutions established in 1992]]
[[Category:1992 establishments in Sikkim]]

St. Anselm's Pink City Sr. Sec. School, Jaipur

2026-02-21T12:26:02Z

Vilianaizi: created place

{{more citations needed|date=November 2022}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2018}}
{{Infobox school
| name = St. Anselm Pink City School, Malviya Nagar, Jaipur
| native_name =
| latin_name =
| logo =
| seal_image =
| image = St. Anselm's Pink City School Jaipur (Logo).jpg
| image_size = 100px
| alt = A red cross is centered on the top of [[Hawa Mahal]] with a lamp in the bottom front and the school motto between the lamp and the cross. The words 'S' upon 'A' is to the left of the cross and 'P' and 'C' to the right, where 'A' and 'S 'represent [[St. Anselm]] and 'P' and 'C' represent [[Jaipur|Pink City]]
| caption = School shield
| motto =
| motto_translation = ''From Light to Light''
| location =
| address = [[Malviya Nagar (Jaipur)|Malviya Nagar]]
| region =
| city = [[Jaipur]]
| state = [[Rajasthan]]
| province =
| postal_code = 302017
| zipcode =
| country = India
| country1 =
| coordinates = {{Coord|26.858420899206237|75.814374804982|display=inline,title}}
| schooltype = [[Convent school|Convent]]
| fundingtype =
| type =
| religious_affiliation = [[Catholic Church]]
| denomination =
| patron = [[St. Anselm]]
| established = {{Start date and age|1987|07|01}}
| founder = Rev Fr Raymond Cohello
| status = Open
| locale =
| sister_school = St. Anselm's Sr. Sec. School, Mansarovar, St. Anselm's North City School, Jhotwara & Morning Star St. Anselm's School, Madrampura, Sanganer, Jaipur
| school_board = [[Central Board of Secondary Education|CBSE]]
| principal = Rev. Fr. Paulachan P.R.
| principal_label = Principal
| authority =
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| head_label =
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| staff = 140
| faculty =
| teaching_staff = 112
| employees =
| grades = L.K.G. - 12
| years = 14
| gender = [[Coeducational]]
| age_range = 4 - 19
| enrollment_as_of =
| enrollment = More than 3000 students
| gradeK =
| grade1 =
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| international_students =
| classes = 13
| avg_class_size =
| ratio =
| system = Indian
| classes_offered = Science Stream and Commerce Stream for senior secondary school
| language = [[English language|English]]
| schedule_type =
| schedule =
| hours_in_day = 6
| classrooms = 70
| campuses =
| campus = [[Malviya Nagar (Jaipur)|Malviya Nagar]]
| campus_size = {{convert|1|acre|ha}}
| area = [[Urban area|Urban]]
| campus_type =
| houses = [[Blue]], [[green]], [[red]], [[Gold (color)|gold]]
| colours =
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| sports = [[Association football|Football]], [[basketball]]
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| publication = The Anselm Herald
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| fees = Varies for different classes
| tuition =
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| feeder_schools =
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| graduates =
| affiliations = St. Anselm's Ajmer
| nobel_laureates =
| information =
| free_label = Telephone no.
| free_text = 0141 - 2520240
| free_label1 =
| free_text1 =
| free_label2 =
| free_text2 =
| free_label3 =
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| website = https://www.stanselmspinkcity.in/
| footnotes =
}}
[[File:Jaipur - St. Anselm's Pink City Sr. Sec. School - 2.jpg|thumb|The school]]
'''St. Anselm's Pink City School, Malviya Nagar, Jaipur''' is a [[convent]] educational institution located in [[Jaipur]], [[Rajasthan]], [[India]]. It is run by the Gyandeep Education Society. The school was founded by Rev. Fr. Raymond Coelho. It is [[Coeducation|co-educational]], English medium institution. The schools cater for pupils from the ages of 4 through to 17 or 18, and are open to children of all religious denominations. It is a day scholars school and affiliated to the [[Central Board of Secondary Education]], [[New Delhi]].

==School patron - St. Anselm==
{{Main|Anselm of Canterbury}}
[[Anselm of Canterbury|St. Anselm]] came from a noble [[Lombards|Lombard]] family and was born in [[Aosta]] in the [[Italian Alps]]. His mother was a good and pious [[Burgundians|Burgundian]], but after her death his father's violence and harshness caused Anselm to flee [[France]]. There, after several years of wandering, he took the [[Benedictine]] habit in 1060 at [[Le Bec-Hellouin|Bec]] ([[Normandy]]), where his illustrious countryman Bl. [[Lanfranc]] had started a school at the [[Abbey of Bec]]. Within three years he was made [[Prior (ecclesiastical)|Prior]] and after another 15 years, very reluctantly, [[Abbot]].

As an abbot, St. Anselm had to go to [[England]] from time to time in connection with his [[abbey]]'s English properties, and there he became known and highly esteemed for his virtues and zeal. So much that in 1099 he was made [[Archbishop of Canterbury]] in the hope that he would be able to cope with the encroachments of [[William II of England|King William the Red]].

==History==
The history of St. Anselm's School, mansarovar in [[Jaipur]] starts from [[Ajmer]], wherein 1904, the [[Order of Friars Minor Capuchin|French Capuchin]] Fathers founded St. Anselm's Ajmer. They adopted St. Anselm's motto for the school: ''Deo Amabile et hominibus'', i.e. ''"Pleasing to God - pleasing to men."''

In 1987, the [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Ajmer|Diocese of Ajmer-Jaipur]] wanted to start a similar school in the capital city ([[Jaipur]]). For this, they appointed Fr. Raymond Coelho, an educationist. He then founded St. Anselm's Pink City School with some teachers and employees he had recruited.

The school motto is 'ज्योति से ज्योति' i.e. ''" From Light to Light" in Hindu''.

==Curriculum==
The school follows the [[Continuous and comprehensive evaluation]] or CCE, introduced by [[Central Board of Secondary Education|CBSE]], from classes I to X.

For junior classes the subjects are [[Mathematics]], both [[English language|English]] and [[Hindi]] language and literature, [[Social Science]], [[Science]], [[Computer Science]], [[Art]] and [[Crafts]], Writing Skills, [[Moral Science]], [[Environmental Studies]], General Knowledge and Choral singing (the number of subjects varies from one grade to another.)

For middle classes the subjects are [[Mathematics]], [[English language|English]], [[Hindi]] & [[Sanskrit]] language and literature, [[Social Science]] (differentiated into [[History]], [[Civics]] And [[Geography]]), [[Science]], [[Computer Science]], Art(Drawing), [[Moral Science]], [[Environmental Studies]] and General Knowledge

For senior classes the subjects are [[Mathematics]], [[English language|English]] & [[Hindi]] or [[Sanskrit]] language and literature, [[Social Science]] (differentiated into [[History]], [[Civics]], [[Geography]], [[Economics]] and [[Disaster Management]]), [[Science]] (differentiated into [[Chemistry]], [[Biology]] and [[Physics]]), [[Computer Science]], [[Moral Science]] and [[Environmental Studies]].

The two streams for senior secondary classes are [[Commerce]], [[Life Science]] and [[Physical Science]]. The combination of Subjects are -:
* PCM ([[Physics]], [[Chemistry]] & [[Mathematics]]) + [[C++|C++]]
* PCM + [[Biology]]
* PCM + [[Economics]]
* PCB ([[Physics]], [[Chemistry]] & [[Biology]]) + [[Economics]]
* [[Commerce]] ([[Accounting|Account]], [[Entrepreneurship]], [[Business Studies]] & [[Economics]]) + [[Maths]]
* [[Commerce]] + IP
* PCM + IP
* PCB + IP
* PCB + [[Entrepreneurship]]
Classes 10 and 12 are prepared for [[Central Board of Secondary Education]] examinations that are held nationwide in march.

===Extracurricular===
*'''Physical Training''' - the school has a division [[National Cadet Corps (India)|National Cadet Corps]].
* '''Games and sports''' - games include [[Athletics (sport)|athletics]], [[cricket]], [[basketball]], [[association football|football]], [[volleyball]] and [[lawn tennis]].
*'''Honing intellectual skills''' - [[debates]], [[extempore]], creative writing and [[drawing]], [[singing]] and instrumental competitions are held yearly. The major intellectual skill measuring event is the ''Youth Week'', when quizzing activities, [[dramatics]], [[dance]] and [[singing]] competitions are held. These competitions are inter-house competitions. Note: Youth week is now discarded in the year 2024-25 due to principal's order. It will not be held this year.

==School campus==
The school is situated in Malviya Nagar, a developing colony in Jaipur famous for its Gaurav Tower, Jaipur, and surrounding malls.

It has three buildings, one for the junior and middle school and one for high school. There is a large ground in front of the high school wing and a basketball court besides the junior school wing. The ground is used for assembly and is differentiated into a football ground, a cricket court and volleyball ground. The school has a [[chapel]], a beautiful and quiet place which is visited by the faithful for prayers.

The school has a principal residence behind the new building, and vice-principal and nuns' residences beside the chapel. There is an audio-video room below the chapel and a small playground with swings beside the chapel.

The old building has the following facilities:
*A small gathering place with a stage
*Principal's office
*Office
*Staff-room
*Library
*Craft room
*Artificial Intelligence & Computer Lab
*Two Halls
*Dance room
*Drawing room
*Visitor Center and waiting room
*Audotorium

The new building has the following facilities:
*Stage
*Staffroom
*Physics lab
*Chemistry lab
*Biology lab
*Computer lab
*Hall
*AI lab

==Houses==
The school is divided into four houses, for promoting academic and athletic competition among the pupils. The houses are Blue, Red, Green, and Gold. House Captains leads their houses and are aided by vice-captains. Head-boy and Head-girl are elected irrespective of their house.

==Anselmite Traditions==
*'''Annual Day''' is held every year usually during February. There is a formal assembly in the afternoon after which there is a speech by a guest or alumnus and a series of cultural events like drama, dance, and songs sung by the school choir. Prizes are presented for academic excellence and success in extracurricular activities.
*'''Republic Day and Independence Day parades''' - The four houses and the [[National Cadet Corps (India)|National Cadet Corps]] present a march past in front of the principal and chief guest on [[Republic Day|Indian Republic Day]] (26 January) and [[Independence Day (India)|Indian Independence Day]] (15 August). The [[Flag of India|national Tricolour]] is hoisted and the salute is taken by the Chief Guest on the occasion.
*'''School publications''' - The school publishes a quarterly newsletter ''The Anselm's Herald'', managed and edited by students with the assistance of a staff coordinator.
*'''Youth Week''' - this is the program before the annual day, 4 days in which each day is reserved for specific house to voulenteer, there are different programs like group singing, dance, solo singing, skit.

==Principals of St Anselm's Pink City School==
*Rev. Fr. Raymond Coelho, Founder Principal - 1987–2000
*Rev. Fr. Edward Olievera, Principal - 2000–2006
*Rev. Fr. Paulachan Pulickal, Principal - 2006–2011
*Rev. Fr. Melvin Jobard, Principal - 2011–2014
*Rev. Fr. Edward Olievera, Principal - 2014 – 2020 (who was the best father of St Anselm's history)
*Rev. Fr. Thomas Maniparambil, Principal - 2020–2024
*Rev. Fr. Paulachan Pulickal, Principal - 2024–Present

==Notable alumni==
*Akshat Singhal - finalist in Intel International Science and Engineering, Asteroid 12599 Singhal named after him.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2002-10-27 |title=12599 Singhal: Jaipur boy's personal planet |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/12599-Singhal-Jaipur-boys-personal-planet/articleshow/26391458.cms |access-date=2024-03-05 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
*Rahul Gupta - record holder for highest number of International research papers published by an undergraduate student.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2013-07-14 |title='Research' route takes Rahul Gupta closer to Limca Book of Records |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mangaluru/research-route-takes-rahul-gupta-closer-to-limca-book-of-records/articleshow/21064650.cms |access-date=2024-03-05 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
*Gaurav Agarwal - Rank-1 in UPSC civil services examination 2013.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2014-06-13 |title=Jaipur boy Gaurav Agarwal tops 2013 civil services exam |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Jaipur-boy-Gaurav-Agarwal-tops-2013-civil-services-exam/articleshow/36456081.cms |access-date=2024-03-05 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
*Aditi Vats - model, Miss India Wild card entry 2014.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Aditi Vats |url=https://www.femina.in/beauty-pageants/miss-india/miss-india-contestants/2014/miss-india-2014/aditi-vats/profile/31335830.cms |access-date=2024-03-05 |website=Femina Miss India}}</ref>
*Zaid Syed - YouTuber.<ref>{{Citation |title=Visiting My Childhood Home ! Google Earth 🇮🇳 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3XAVWAGjPQ4&t=0 |access-date=2024-03-05 |language=en}}</ref>
*Aditya Nemiwal - All India Rank 29 in JEE Advanced 2021.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2021-10-16 |title=Jaipur: Aditya Nemiwal secures 29th rank, eyes IIT-Bombay |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/jaipur/jaipurs-nemiwal-secures-29th-rank-eyes-iit-bombay/articleshow/87049635.cms |access-date=2023-08-31 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
*Tanuj Bhatia - Film Director
*Swapnil Soni<ref>{{Cite web |title=Swapnil Soni {{!}} B2B Marketing Consultant |url=https://www.swapnilsoni.com/ |access-date=2025-07-09 |website=Swapnil Soni Consult |language=en}}</ref> - SRCC dropout who is now a seasoned marketer and a Vice President - Growth at Nine Degree.<ref><nowiki>https://www.ninedegree.in/about</nowiki></ref>

==References==
{{reflist|2}}
{{commons category}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Saint Anselm's Pink City Sr. Sec. School, Jaipur}}
[[Category:Primary schools in India]]
[[Category:High schools and secondary schools in Rajasthan]]
[[Category:Christian schools in Rajasthan]]
[[Category:Schools in Jaipur]]
[[Category:Educational institutions established in 1987]]
[[Category:1987 establishments in Rajasthan]]

Sundari K. Shridharani

2026-02-12T03:01:43Z

Vilianaizi: created details

{{Short description|Indian performing artist}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2018}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Sundari K. Shridharani
| image = 
| alt =
| caption =
| birth_name = 
| birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1925|4|6}}
| birth_place = [[Hyderabad, Sindh]]
| death_date ={{death date and age|df=yes|2012|04|07|1925|4|6}}
| death_place = [[New Delhi]]
| other_names =
| occupation =
| known_for = [[Triveni Kala Sangam]]
| spouse = [[ram jee Tiwari]]
}}
'''Sundari K. Shridharani''' (6 April 1925 – 7 April 2012) was the founder and director of [[Triveni Kala Sangam]], a multi-arts institution, which she established in 1950.

==Early life and background==
Born in [[Hyderabad, Sindh]], in undivided India, Shridharani started learning dance while at [[Santiniketan]], thereafter she joined the [[Uday Shankar]] at Indian Cultural Centre, at [[Almora]], where she trained in [[Kathakali]] under Guru Shankaran Namboodiri and in [[Manipuri dance]] under Guru Amubi Singh. Subsequently, she joined Ginner Mawer School of Dance and Drama, London, where she learnt [[Greek dance]].<ref name=sna>{{cite web | title =Smt Sundari Krishnalal Shridharani | publisher =Sangeet Natak Akademi | url =http://sangeetnatak.gov.in/sna-awards-2011/awardee-smt-sundari-krishnalal.html | access-date =2014-01-10 | url-status=dead | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20140110093559/http://sangeetnatak.gov.in/sna-awards-2011/awardee-smt-sundari-krishnalal.html | archive-date =10 January 2014 | df =dmy-all }}</ref><ref name=prima>{{cite web | title = Prima donna|work = The Tribune | url = http://www.tribuneindia.com/2000/20000903/spectrum/main4.htm | date=3 September 2000|access-date = 2014-01-10}}</ref> She married [[Krishnalal Shridharani]] (1911 – 1960), a poet, playwright and journalist.

==Career==
[[File:Shridharani Art Gallery, New Delhi.jpg|thumb|Main entrance of Triveni Kala Sangam and Shridharani Art Gallery facade on the left.]]
In 1947, she performed at the first International Youth Festival in Prague, and in the 1950s, she received a [[Fulbright Fellowship]] and also of the [[University of California, Los Angeles]], through which travelled across several universities in US, giving lecture-demonstrations of Indian dances.<ref name=sna/>

She moved to Delhi after her marriage, and in 1950 started Triveni Kal Sangam. It started in one room and terrace above a Coffee House in [[Connaught Place, New Delhi|Connaught Place]], Delhi, with two students under noted artist K. S. Kulkarni. Soon her efforts got noticed, and [[Pandit Nehru]] allotted her the half acre land for the institution. Gradually, she organized a small group of people, started organizing concerts, and collecting funds. Finally construction began around 1957 and eventually on 3 March 1963, the present building was inaugurated.<ref name=hindu2010>{{cite news |title= Art of aesthetics |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/article598821.ece |work=[[The Hindu]] |date=28 August 2010}}</ref>

She lived within the premises of Triveni, and died on 7 April 2012 in New Delhi, aged 93.<ref name=hindu12>{{cite web | title = Keeper of the shrine |work= The Hindu|author=Anjana Rajan| url = http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/keeper-of-the-shrine/article3333555.ece| date=20 April 2012|access-date = 2014-01-10 }}</ref>

==Awards and recognition==
She was awarded the [[Padma Shri]] by [[Government of India]] in 1992,<ref>{{cite web|title=Padma Awards Directory (1954-2009)|publisher=[[Ministry of Home Affairs (India)|Ministry of Home Affairs]]|url=http://www.mha.nic.in/pdfs/LST-PDAWD.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130510095705/http://www.mha.nic.in/pdfs/LST-PDAWD.pdf|archive-date=10 May 2013}}</ref> in 2011 she was awarded the [[Sangeet Natak Akademi Award]] for her overall contribution to the performing arts, which was awarded posthumously.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://sangeetnatak.gov.in/sna/awardeeslist.htm|title=SNA: List of Akademi Awardees|publisher=[[Sangeet Natak Akademi]] Official website|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150530204253/http://sangeetnatak.gov.in/sna/awardeeslist.htm|archive-date=30 May 2015}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist|2}}

==External links==
* {{cite web |title=Sundari Shridharani ''Call of Drum'' photographs, ca 1950s|publisher=Photo Division, Govt. of India| url = http://photodivision.gov.in/IntroPhotodetails.asp?thisPage=971 }}
{{Padma Shri Award Recipients in Art}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Shridharani, Sundari K.}}
[[Category:1925 births]]
[[Category:2012 deaths]]
[[Category:Performers of Indian classical dance]]
[[Category:Indian arts administrators]]
[[Category:University of California, Los Angeles fellows]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Shri in arts]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Sangeet Natak Akademi Award]]
[[Category:Founders of educational institutions]]
[[Category:Indian expatriates in the United States]]

Beldanga Municipality

2026-02-04T19:40:05Z

Vilianaizi: new bio.

{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2026}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2026}}
{{Infobox legislature
| name = Beldanga Municipality
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| coa_pic =
| coa_res = 300px
| coa_alt = Logo of Beldanga Municipality
| coa_caption = Coat of Arms
| house_type = [[Municipal corporation (India)|Municipality]]
| foundation = {{start date and age|1885}}
| disbanded =
| preceded_by =
| succeeded_by =
| leader1_type = Chairman
| leader1 = Anuradha Banerjee
| party1 = [[Trinamool Congress|AITC]]
| leader2_type = Vice Chairman
| leader2 = Abu Sufiyan
| party2 = [[Trinamool Congress|AITC]]
| seats = 14
| structure1 = India Beldanga, West Bengal Municipality 2022.svg
| structure1_res = 250px
| political_groups1 =
'''Government (7)'''
*{{color box|#20C646}} [[Trinamool Congress|AITC]] (7)
'''Opposition (7)'''
*{{color box|{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}}} [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]] (3)
*{{color box|#B2B2B2}} [[Independent politician|IND]] (4)
| session_room =
| session_res = 300px
| meeting_place =
| last_election1 = 12 February 2022
| next_election1 = 2027
| motto =
| website = {{URL|https://municipalitybeldanga.org/}}
| footnotes =
}}

'''Beldanga Municipality''' is the civic body that governs [[Beldanga]] town of [[Berhampore subdivision]] in [[Murshidabad district]], [[West Bengal]], [[India]].

==History==
Beldanga municipality was established in 1981.<ref name="Beldanga Municipality">{{cite web | url =https://municipalitybeldanga.org/| title = About Beldanga Municipality| work = Beldanga Municipality | access-date = 9 January 2026}}</ref>

==Geography==
Beldanga Municipality covers an area of 3.98 km2 and has a total population of 29,182 (2011).<ref name="Beldanga Municipality"/>

==Current members==
Beldanga Municipality has a total of 24 members or councillors, who are directly elected after a term of 5 years. The council is led by the chairperson. The latest elections were held on [[2022 West Bengal local elections|12 February 2022]]. The current chairman of Beldanga Municipality is Anuradha Banerjee of the [[Trinamool Congress]]. The current vice chairman is Abu Sufiyan of the [[Trinamool Congress]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://portal.wbme.org/|title=2022 WB local election results|work=SEC West Bengal|accessdate=29 August 2025}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"
|-
!style="background-color:#20C646; color:white" colspan=5|Chairman: Anuradha Banerjee
|-
!style="background-color:#20C646; color:white" colspan=5|Vice Chairman: Abu Sufiyan
|-
! Ward No.
! Name of Councillor
! colspan="2" | Party
! Remarks
|-
| 1 || Tahamina Bibi || {{Full party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|
|-
| 2 || Anurupa Bhaduri || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|
|-
| 3 || Ashma Ara || {{Party name with color|Independent|rowspan=2}}
|
|-
| 4 || Santosh Jhawar
|
|-
| 5 || Biswanath Mondal || {{Full party name with color|Trinamool Congress|rowspan=3}}
|
|-
| 6 || Anwara Bibi
|
|-
| 7 || Din Mohammad Sheikh
|
|-
| 8 || Rabindranath Malakar || {{Party name with color|Independent}}
|
|-
| 9 || Barkat Sheikh || {{Full party name with color|Trinamool Congress|rowspan=2}}
|
|-
| 10 || Anuradha Banerjee
|
|-
| 11 || Alok Ghosh || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|
|-
| 12 || Abu Sufiyan || {{Full party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|
|-
| 13 || Santana Ghosh || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|
|-
| 14 || Bharat Jhawar || {{Party name with color|Independent}}
|
|}

==Elections==
===2022===
{|class="sortable wikitable"
|+| Beldanga Municipality
|-
! colspan="2" |Party!! Won !! '''+/−'''
|-
| {{Full party name with color|Trinamool Congress}} || 7 ||
|-
| {{Party name with color|Independent}} || 4 ||
|-
| {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} || 3 ||
|-
| colspan="2" |'''Total'''|| '''14''' ||
|-
|}

==See also==
* [[Berhampore Municipality]]
* [[Dhulian Municipality]]
* [[Murshidabad Municipality]]
* [[Jangipur Municipality]]
* [[Kandi Municipality]]
* [[Jiaganj Azimganj Municipality]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{coord missing|West Bengal}}

[[Category:Municipalities of West Bengal]]

Manvir Singh (footballer, born 1995)

2026-01-26T19:43:11Z

Vilianaizi:

{{Short description|Indian footballer}}
{{Distinguish|Manvir Singh (footballer, born 2001)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2025}}
{{Infobox football biography
| name = Manvir Singh
| image =
| caption =
| fullname = Manvir Singh
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1995|11|06|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Duhra|Duhre]], [[Punjab, India|Punjab]], India
| height = 1.87 m<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.indiansuperleague.com/players/midfielder-32021-manvir-singh-profile |title=Manvir Singh - Indian Super League}}</ref>
| position = [[Winger (association football)|Winger]]
| currentclub = [[Mohun Bagan Super Giant|Mohun Bagan SG]]
| clubnumber = 11
| youthyears1 = –2015
| youthclubs1 = [[Minerva Academy FC|Minerva Punjab]]
| years1 = 2015–2016
| clubs1 = [[Minerva Academy FC|Minerva Punjab]]
| caps1 = 7
| goals1 = 4
| years2 = 2016–2017
| clubs2 = [[Mohammedan SC (Kolkata)|Mohammedan]]
| caps2 = 6
| goals2 = 2
| years3 = 2016–2017
| clubs3 = [[Southern Samity]]
| caps3 = 5
| goals3 = 0
| years4 = 2017–2020
| clubs4 = [[FC Goa|Goa]]
| caps4 = 47
| goals4 = 3
| years5 = 2020–
| clubs5 = [[Mohun Bagan Super Giant|Mohun Bagan SG]]
| caps5 = 111
| goals5 = 23
| nationalyears1 = 2017
| nationalteam1 = [[India national under-23 football team|India U23]]
| nationalcaps1 = 3
| nationalgoals1 = 1
| nationalyears3 = 2017–
| nationalteam3 = [[India national football team|India]]
| nationalcaps3 = 48
| nationalgoals3 = 7
| club-update = 17:27, 1 March 2025 (UTC)
| ntupdate = 17:00, 4 June 2025 (UTC)
| medaltemplates = {{MedalSport|Men's [[Association football|football]]}} {{Medal|Country|{{fb|IND}}}}
{{MedalCompetition|[[SAFF Championship]]}}
{{Medal|W| [[2021 SAFF Championship|2021 Maldives]]|}}
}}

'''Manvir Singh''' (born 6 November 1995) is an Indian professional [[association football|footballer]] who plays as a [[Winger (association football)|winger]] for [[Indian Super League]] club [[Mohun Bagan Super Giant|Mohun Bagan SG]] and the [[India national football team|India national team]].

==Early life==
Manvir was born in Duhre (Duhra) village of [[Sangrur district]] of Punjab to his father Kuldip Singh. He has one sibling, a brother named Harkamal Singh. Manvir was inspired by his footballer father to take up football. His father used to play in Punjab for [[JCT FC]] and represented Punjab in [[Santosh Trophy]].<ref>[https://www.thetribalbox.com/story-of-manvir-singh-from-a-young-boy-following-his-father-rsquo-s-dream-to-the-heir-of-indian-football-team Story of Manvir Singh: From a young boy following his father’s dream to the heir of Indian Football Team] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231117030550/https://www.thetribalbox.com/story-of-manvir-singh-from-a-young-boy-following-his-father-rsquo-s-dream-to-the-heir-of-indian-football-team |date=17 November 2023 }}, thetribalbox.com, 20 noc 2021.</ref>

==Club career==

=== Youth career and early career: 2015–17 ===
Manvir did his youth career in the [[Punjab FC#Football: Reserves and academy|Minerva Academy FC]] (current [[Punjab FC]]).<ref>{{Cite web|title=Top 5 Established Minerva Academy Graduates {{!}} IFTWC - Indian Football Team For World Cup|date=21 August 2020 |url=https://iftwc.com/top-5-established-minerva-academy-graduates/|access-date=10 May 2021|language=en-US|archive-date=10 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210510142447/https://iftwc.com/top-5-established-minerva-academy-graduates/|url-status=live}}</ref> He signed his first professional contract with the senior team of Minerva Academy and represented them in the [[2015–16 I-League 2nd Division]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=22 November 2016|title=Minerva Academy FC: All You Need To Know|url=https://khelnow.com/football/minerva-academy-fc-all-you-need-to-know|url-status=live|access-date=10 May 2021|website=Khel Now|archive-date=10 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210510124922/https://khelnow.com/football/minerva-academy-fc-all-you-need-to-know}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Minerva Academy FC - Squad 2015/2016|url=https://www.worldfootball.net/teams/te128232/punjab-fc/squad/|url-status=live|access-date=10 May 2021|website=worldfootball.net|language=en|archive-date=10 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210510131709/https://www.worldfootball.net/teams/punjab-fc/2016/2/}}</ref> After his one year tenure with Minerva, Manvir signed for [[Mohammedan SC (Kolkata)|Mohammedan SC]] for the [[2016–17 I-League 2nd Division]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=23 June 2016|title=Mohammedan SC sign goalkeeper Vinay Singh, striker Manvir Singh joins practice|url=https://xtratime.in/mohammedan-sc-sign-goalkeeper-vinay-singh-striker-manvir-singh-join-practice/|url-status=live|access-date=10 May 2021|language=en-US|archive-date=10 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210510125713/https://xtratime.in/mohammedan-sc-sign-goalkeeper-vinay-singh-striker-manvir-singh-join-practice/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Mohammedan SC - Squad 2016/2017|url=https://www.worldfootball.net/teams/te21370/mohammedan-sc/squad/|access-date=10 May 2021|website=worldfootball.net|language=en|archive-date=10 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210510131708/https://www.worldfootball.net/teams/mohammedan-sc/2017/2/|url-status=live}}</ref> He left Mohammedan SC and played his rest of the 2016–17 season with [[Southern Samity]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Manvir Singh {{!}} AIFF Profile {{!}} Club Details|url=https://www.the-aiff.com/players/profile/30154?type=club|url-status=live|access-date=10 May 2021|website=All India Football Federation|archive-date=10 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210510133213/https://www.the-aiff.com/players/profile/30154?type=club}}</ref> While playing for Southern Samity, Manvir got his national call-up for the [[India national under-23 football team|India U23]] team to take part in the [[2018 AFC U-23 Championship qualification|2018 AFC U-23 Championship qualifiers]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Manvir Singh is called-up for the India U23 team for the 2016 AFC U23 Championship Qualifiers.|url=https://www.facebook.com/1839273063020087/posts/1895048137442579/?refsrc=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2F|url-status=live|access-date=10 May 2021|website=Southern Samity (Facebook)|language=en|archive-date=2 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210702104028/https://www.facebook.com/login/?next=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.facebook.com%2F1839273063020087%2Fposts%2F1895048137442579%2F%3Frefsrc%3Dhttp%253A%252F%252Fwww.google.com%252F}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Service|first=Tribune News|title=Two more Minerva footballers in India U-23 squad|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/archive/chandigarh/two-more-minerva-footballers-in-india-u-23-squad-431534|url-status=live|access-date=10 May 2021|website=Tribune India|language=en|archive-date=10 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210510184841/https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/archive/chandigarh/two-more-minerva-footballers-in-india-u-23-squad-431534}}</ref> On 26 March 2017, Manvir scored the winning goal in the [[2017 Santosh Trophy final]] for [[West Bengal football team|West Bengal]] against [[Goa football team|Goa]], which resulted in their 0–1 victory in the final.<ref>{{cite news|date=26 March 2017|title=West Bengal win Santosh Trophy for 32nd time|work=Times of India|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/top-stories/west-bengal-win-santosh-trophy-for-32nd-time/articleshow/57842817.cms|access-date=19 August 2017|archive-date=27 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170827092008/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/top-stories/west-bengal-win-santosh-trophy-for-32nd-time/articleshow/57842817.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>

=== FC Goa: 2017–2020 ===
On 28 July 2017, it was announced that Manvir had signed a contract with Indian Super League club [[FC Goa]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=28 July 2017|title=FC Goa sign Manvir Singh|url=https://twitter.com/fcgoaofficial/status/890938646424989697|url-status=live|access-date=10 May 2021|website=FC Goa (Twitter)|language=en|archive-date=11 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210511065100/https://twitter.com/fcgoaofficial/status/890938646424989697}}</ref> He made his debut for the club in the [[2017–18 Indian Super League]] as a substitute for [[Manuel Lanzarote]] against [[Chennaiyin FC]] on 19 November 2017, which they won 2–3.<ref>{{Cite web|date=19 November 2017|title=ISL 2017: Chennaiyin FC 2-3 FC Goa - Gaurs clinch maiden win in 5-goal thriller|url=https://www.goal.com/en-in/match/chennaiyin-v-goa/ei4d2vhb1npa72l8hiti23gx6|url-status=live|access-date=10 May 2021|website=www.goal.com|archive-date=10 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210510161439/https://www.goal.com/en-in/match/chennaiyin-v-goa/ei4d2vhb1npa72l8hiti23gx6}}</ref> He ended his 2017–18 ISL season goalless.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Manvir Singh {{!}} Domestic Statistics|url=https://fbref.com/en/players/47eb8cfd/Manvir-Singh|url-status=live|access-date=10 May 2021|website=FBref.com|language=en|archive-date=1 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210701025901/https://fbref.com/en/players/47eb8cfd/Manvir-Singh}}</ref> Manvir played his first match of the [[2018–19 Indian Super League]] on 1 October 2018 in a 2–2 draw against [[NorthEast United FC]], where he started as a substitute for [[Mandar Rao Dessai|Mandar Rao Desai]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=NorthEast United v Goa Starting XIs, 01/10/18, Indian Super League {{!}} Goal.com|url=https://www.goal.com/en-in/match/northeast-united-v-goa/lineups/ffbgk8clnucdybavl8ui60kq|access-date=10 May 2021|website=www.goal.com|archive-date=10 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210510182652/https://www.goal.com/en-in/match/northeast-united-v-goa/lineups/ffbgk8clnucdybavl8ui60kq|url-status=live}}</ref> He scored his debut goal on 11 November in the match against [[Kerala Blasters FC]], where he scored the last goal for Goa, as they won the match 1–3 at full-time.<ref>{{Cite web|date=11 November 2018|title=ISL 2018 Highlights: FC Goa beat Kerala Blasters 3-1|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/football/isl-2018-kerala-blasters-vs-fc-goa-live-score-streaming-5441365/|access-date=10 May 2021|website=The Indian Express|language=en|archive-date=10 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210510161440/https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/football/isl-2018-kerala-blasters-vs-fc-goa-live-score-streaming-5441365/|url-status=live}}</ref> Goa had a standout season once again, and went on to qualify for the [[2019 Indian Super League final]].<ref>{{Cite magazine|date=12 March 2019 |title=ISL: FC Goa beat Mumbai City FC 5-2 on aggregate to set up final vs Bengaluru FC|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/sports/football/story/isl-fc-goa-vs-mumbai-city-fc-semi-final-match-report-1476560-2019-03-12|access-date=11 May 2021|magazine=India Today|language=en|archive-date=11 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210511060241/https://www.indiatoday.in/sports/football/story/isl-fc-goa-vs-mumbai-city-fc-semi-final-match-report-1476560-2019-kkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkm03-12|url-status=live}}</ref> Manvir started as a substitute for [[Jackichand Singh]] in the final against [[Bengaluru FC]] on 17 March 2019, which they lost 0–1 at extra-time, after Bengaluru found their vital goal in the last moments of the game.<ref>{{Cite web|date=17 March 2019|title=ISL 2018-19 Final, Highlights: Bengaluru FC beat FC Goa to win title|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/sports/story/isl-2018-19-final-bengaluru-fc-vs-fc-goa-match-updates-1480351-2019-03-17|access-date=11 May 2021|website=India Today|language=en|archive-date=11 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210511060239/https://www.indiatoday.in/sports/story/isl-2018-19-final-bengaluru-fc-vs-fc-goa-match-updates-1480351-2019-03-17|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Bheke's late header earns Bengaluru the Hero ISL 2018-19 crown|url=https://www.indiansuperleague.com/news/bhekes-late-header-earns-bengaluru-the-hero-isl-2018-19-crown|access-date=11 May 2021|website=Indian Super League|language=en|archive-date=5 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210205210109/https://www.indiansuperleague.com/news/bhekes-late-header-earns-bengaluru-the-hero-isl-2018-19-crown|url-status=live}}</ref> Manvir netted his first of the [[2019–20 Indian Super League]] on 1 November 2019 against NorthEast United, where he scored the equalising goal in the injury time, that resulted in the match going to a 2–2 draw.<ref>{{Cite web|date=1 November 2019|title=ISL 2019-20 HIGHLIGHTS, NorthEast United FC vs FC Goa: Goa Salvage 2-2 Draw vs NorthEast in Pulsating Encounter|url=https://www.news18.com/news/football/isl-2019-20-highlights-northeast-united-fc-vs-fc-goa-2370489.html|access-date=10 May 2021|website=www.news18.com|language=en|archive-date=10 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210510162012/https://www.news18.com/news/football/isl-2019-20-highlights-northeast-united-fc-vs-fc-goa-2370489.html|url-status=live}}</ref> He scored his second of the season against [[Hyderabad FC]] on 8 December, where he scored the only goal by coming in as a substitute for [[Seiminlen Doungel]], as the match ended 0–1 to Goa.<ref>{{Cite web|date=8 December 2019|title=ISL 2019-20: Super sub Manvir Singh's solitary goal sees FC Goa beat bottom-ranked Hyderabad FC|url=https://www.firstpost.com/sports/isl-2019-20-super-sub-manvir-singhs-solitary-goal-sees-fc-goa-beat-bottom-ranked-hyderabad-fc-7756171.html|url-status=live|access-date=11 May 2021|website=Firstpost|archive-date=11 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210511063126/https://www.firstpost.com/sports/isl-2019-20-super-sub-manvir-singhs-solitary-goal-sees-fc-goa-beat-bottom-ranked-hyderabad-fc-7756171.html}}</ref> Manvir started as a substitute for Seiminlen Doungel in the match against [[Jamshedpur FC]] on 19 February 2020, which they won 0–5.<ref>{{Cite web|title=FC Goa hammer Jamshedpur FC, finish on top of Indian Super League table {{!}} Starting XIs {{!}} 2019-20 Indian Super League|url=https://www.goal.com/en-in/match/jamshedpur-v-goa/lineups/8c2l0k4858f015oma1zlpgsq2|url-status=live|access-date=11 May 2021|website=www.goal.com|archive-date=8 December 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201208044954/https://www.goal.com/en-in/match/jamshedpur-v-goa/lineups/8c2l0k4858f015oma1zlpgsq2}}</ref> This match was the last match of FC Goa before knockout stages, and they were awarded with ISL League Winners Shield for finishing as table toppers of the season.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Goa seal historic AFC Champions League slot with emphatic win over Jamshedpur|url=https://www.indiansuperleague.com/news/goa-seal-historic-afc-champions-league-slot-with-emphatic-win-over-jamshedpur|access-date=11 May 2021|website=Indian Super League|language=en|archive-date=11 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210511070605/https://www.indiansuperleague.com/news/goa-seal-historic-afc-champions-league-slot-with-emphatic-win-over-jamshedpur|url-status=live}}</ref> Thus, Manvir won his first club silverware with FC Goa on a historic event. Goa qualified for the [[2020 Indian Super League playoffs|knockout stages]] of the ISL once again and met Chennaiyin on both legs. Manvir started in the first leg as a line-up starter,<ref>{{Cite web|date=29 February 2020|title=ISL 2019-20 HIGHLIGHTS, Chennaiyin FC vs FC Goa Semi-final: Chennai Pump 4 Past Hapless Goa|url=https://www.news18.com/news/football/isl-2019-20-highlights-chennaiyin-fc-vs-fc-goa-semi-final-1st-leg-indian-super-league-2520383.html|access-date=11 May 2021|website=www.news18.com|language=en|archive-date=11 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210511065102/https://www.news18.com/news/football/isl-2019-20-highlights-chennaiyin-fc-vs-fc-goa-semi-final-1st-leg-indian-super-league-2520383.html|url-status=live}}</ref> and started in the second leg as a substitute.<ref>{{Cite web|title=ISL 2019-20 Semi-Finals: Chennaiyin FC weather FC Goa storm to enter the final {{!}} Starting XIs {{!}} 2019-20 Indian Super League|url=https://www.goal.com/en/match/goa-v-chennaiyin/lineups/6kx7mess694y9hh38xclzh08a|url-status=live|access-date=11 May 2021|website=www.goal.com|archive-date=11 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210511063122/https://www.goal.com/en/match/goa-v-chennaiyin/lineups/6kx7mess694y9hh38xclzh08a}}</ref> Both legs of the semi-final were high scoring matches, and FC Goa was knocked out by Chennaiyin by an aggregate score of 6–5.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Desk|first=India com Sports|date=8 March 2020|title=ISL 2019-20: Chennaiyin FC Enter Final With 6-5 Aggregate Win Over FC Goa|url=https://www.india.com/sports/isl-2019-20-chennaiyin-fc-enter-final-with-6-5-aggregate-win-over-fc-goa-3964046/|url-status=live|access-date=11 May 2021|website=India.com|language=en|archive-date=11 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210511063122/https://www.india.com/sports/isl-2019-20-chennaiyin-fc-enter-final-with-6-5-aggregate-win-over-fc-goa-3964046/}}</ref> He was also a part of the FC Goa team that won the [[2019 Indian Super Cup]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Manvir Singh Joins ATK Mohun Bagan FC On A 3 Year Deal {{!}} IFTWC - Indian Football Team For World Cup|date=25 August 2020 |url=https://iftwc.com/manvir-singh-joins-atk-mohun-bagan-fc-on-a-3-year-deal/|access-date=11 May 2021|language=en-US|archive-date=11 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210511133658/https://iftwc.com/manvir-singh-joins-atk-mohun-bagan-fc-on-a-3-year-deal/|url-status=live}}</ref> After the 2019–20 ISL season, Manvir left FC Goa after a three-year stay for [[Mohun Bagan Super Giant]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Desk|first=The Bridge|date=25 August 2020|title=ISL: ATK Mohun Bagan sign Manvir Singh from FC Goa|url=https://thebridge.in/football/isl-atk-mohun-bagan-fc-sign-manvir-singh-fc-goa/|access-date=11 May 2021|website=thebridge.in|language=en|archive-date=11 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210511090202/https://thebridge.in/football/isl-atk-mohun-bagan-fc-sign-manvir-singh-fc-goa/|url-status=live}}</ref>

=== Mohun Bagan: 2020–present ===

==== 2020–21 ISL season ====
On 25 August 2020, it was announced that [[Mohun Bagan Super Giant]] had secured Manvir Singh under a three-year contract.<ref>{{Cite web|date=25 August 2020|title=Manvir Singh joins ATK Mohun Bagan on three-year deal|url=https://www.indiansuperleague.com/news/manvir-singh-joins-atk-mohun-bagan-on-three-year-deal|url-status=live|access-date=11 May 2021|website=Indian Super League|language=en|archive-date=11 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210511135541/https://www.indiansuperleague.com/news/manvir-singh-joins-atk-mohun-bagan-on-three-year-deal}}</ref> After negotiating a transfer fee with [[FC Goa]], it was declared by the [[FC Goa|Gaurs]] as their biggest transfer fee received by the club for a player till the date.<ref>{{Cite web|date=27 August 2020|title=Manvir Singh completes switch to ATK Mohun Bagan|url=https://fcgoa.in/media/news/manvir-singh-completes-switch-to-atk-mohun-bagan/|url-status=live|access-date=11 May 2021|website=FC Goa|language=en|archive-date=12 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210512210926/https://fcgoa.in/media/news/manvir-singh-completes-switch-to-atk-mohun-bagan}}</ref> His transfer fee closed by Mohun Bagan Super Giant is the third highest fee paid for an Indian player by any club in the history of Indian football.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Indian football's 5 biggest player transfers {{!}} Goal.com|url=https://www.goal.com/en-qa/lists/indian-footballs-5-biggest-player-transfers/jp0dr3uvpdr11c4l6e9jlz87k|access-date=11 May 2021|website=www.goal.com|archive-date=12 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210512060028/https://www.goal.com/en-qa/lists/indian-footballs-5-biggest-player-transfers/jp0dr3uvpdr11c4l6e9jlz87k|url-status=live}}</ref> He made his debut for the club in the opening match of the [[2020–21 Indian Super League]] against Kerala Blasters on 20 November 2020, which ended 0–1 to Mohun Bagan Super Giant.<ref>{{Cite web|date=20 November 2020|title=ISL 2020-21 Highlights: ATK Mohun Bagan overcome Kerala Blasters 1-0 on debut|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/football/isl-2020-21-kerala-blasters-vs-atk-mohun-bagan-live-streaming-tv-channel-time-7058797/|access-date=11 May 2021|website=The Indian Express|language=en|archive-date=11 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210511174304/https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/football/isl-2020-21-kerala-blasters-vs-atk-mohun-bagan-live-streaming-tv-channel-time-7058797/|url-status=live}}</ref> He scored his debut goal for the club against fierce rivals [[SC East Bengal]] on 27 November, which they won 0–2 at full-time.<ref>{{Cite web|date=28 November 2020|title=ISL 2020-21 Highlights: ATK Mohun Bagan beat East Bengal to win Kolkata Derby|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/football/isl-2020-21-east-bengal-vs-atk-mohun-bagan-live-score-updates-7070591/|access-date=11 May 2021|website=The Indian Express|language=en|archive-date=16 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210116130117/https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/football/isl-2020-21-east-bengal-vs-atk-mohun-bagan-live-score-updates-7070591/|url-status=live}}</ref> Manvir found the net again on 11 December in the match against Hyderabad, which concluded in a 1–1 draw.<ref>{{Cite web|agency=PTI|date=11 December 2020|title=ISL: Hyderabad FC hold ATK Mohun Bagan 1-1 {{!}} Football News - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/indian-super-league/top-stories/isl-hyderabad-fc-hold-atk-mohun-bagan-1-1/articleshow/79684141.cms|access-date=11 May 2021|website=The Times of India|language=en|archive-date=11 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210511175754/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/indian-super-league/top-stories/isl-hyderabad-fc-hold-atk-mohun-bagan-1-1/articleshow/79684141.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> He scored a brace against [[Odisha FC]] on 6 February 2021, where he opened the score-sheet, and also found the net when the match was in the event of deadlock, that resulted in a 1–4 victory for MBSG.<ref>{{Cite magazine|date=6 February 2021 |title=ISL 2020-21: ATK Mohun Bagan close gaps with table-toppers Mumbai City FC after 4-1 win over Odisha FC|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/sports/football/story/isl-2020-21-atk-mohun-bagan-close-gaps-with-table-toppers-mumbai-city-fc-after-4-1-win-over-odisha-fc-1766678-2021-02-06|access-date=11 May 2021|magazine=India Today|language=en|archive-date=11 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210511180740/https://www.indiatoday.in/sports/football/story/isl-2020-21-atk-mohun-bagan-close-gaps-with-table-toppers-mumbai-city-fc-after-4-1-win-over-odisha-fc-1766678-2021-02-06|url-status=live}}</ref> Manvir scored his fifth goal of the season on 22 February against Hyderabad in the second match against them that season, which ended in a 2–2 draw, after he restored the draw in the beginning.<ref>{{Cite magazine|date=22 February 2021 |title=ISL 2020-21: ATK Mohun Bagan, 10-man Hyderabad FC play out draw in high-pressure clash|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/sports/football/story/isl-2020-21-atk-mohun-bagan-2-2-hyderabad-fc-play-off-race-1771973-2021-02-22|access-date=11 May 2021|magazine=India Today|language=en|archive-date=11 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210511174304/https://www.indiatoday.in/sports/football/story/isl-2020-21-atk-mohun-bagan-2-2-hyderabad-fc-play-off-race-1771973-2021-02-22|url-status=live}}</ref> After Mohun Bagan Super Giant qualified for the [[2021 Indian Super League playoffs|playoffs]] and met NorthEast United in both legs, Manvir scored in the second leg against them on 9 March, which ended 2–1 to Mohun Bagan Super Giant.<ref>{{Cite magazine|date=9 March 2021 |title=ISL 2020-21: ATK Mohun Bagan beat NorthEast United to set up blockbuster final against Mumbai City FC|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/sports/football/story/atk-mohun-bagan-beat-northeast-united-to-set-up-isl-2020-21-final-vs-mumbai-city-fc-1777472-2021-03-09|access-date=11 May 2021|magazine=India Today|language=en|archive-date=12 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210512060027/https://www.indiatoday.in/sports/football/story/atk-mohun-bagan-beat-northeast-united-to-set-up-isl-2020-21-final-vs-mumbai-city-fc-1777472-2021-03-09|url-status=live}}</ref> His goal was a vital goal that helped MBSG to progress through to the [[2021 Indian Super League final|final]] of the 2020–21 ISL season,<ref>{{Cite web|date=9 March 2021|title=ISL: Manvir winner takes ATK Mohun Bagan to final|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/sports/football/isl-manvir-winner-takes-bagan-to-final-101615310120016.html|access-date=11 May 2021|website=Hindustan Times|language=en|archive-date=11 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210511175634/https://www.hindustantimes.com/sports/football/isl-manvir-winner-takes-bagan-to-final-101615310120016.html|url-status=live}}</ref> after an aggregate win of 3–2 from both legs.<ref>{{Cite news|title=ISL Semi-Finals: ATK Mohun Bagan Beat NorthEast United 3-2 On Aggregate To Reach Final {{!}} Football News|url=https://sports.ndtv.com/indian-super-league/isl-semi-finals-atk-mohun-bagan-beat-northeast-united-3-2-on-aggregate-to-reach-final-2387279|access-date=11 May 2021|website=NDTVSports.com|language=en|archive-date=12 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210512060058/https://sports.ndtv.com/indian-super-league/isl-semi-finals-atk-mohun-bagan-beat-northeast-united-3-2-on-aggregate-to-reach-final-2387279|url-status=live}}</ref> Manvir started in the final against [[Mumbai City FC]] on 13 March 2021,<ref>{{Cite web|date=13 March 2021|title=Mumbai City FC vs ATK Mohun Bagan {{!}} 2021 Indian Super League Final {{!}} Lineups {{!}} Commentary {{!}} Scorecard|url=https://www.indiansuperleague.com/matchcentre/37314-mumbai-city-fc-vs-atk-mohun-bagan|url-status=live|access-date=11 May 2021|website=Indian Super League|language=en|archive-date=6 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210506135137/https://www.indiansuperleague.com/matchcentre/37314-mumbai-city-fc-vs-atk-mohun-bagan}}</ref> which they lost 2–1 after Mumbai City found their all important goal in the last minute of the match.<ref>{{Cite web|title=ISL final: Mumbai City clinch 2-1 win over ATK Mohun Bagan to lift title|url=https://www.theweek.in/news/sports/2021/03/13/isl-final-mumbai-city-clinch-2-1-win-over-atk-mohun-bagan-to-win-title.html|access-date=11 May 2021|website=The Week|language=en|archive-date=11 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210511180438/https://www.theweek.in/news/sports/2021/03/13/isl-final-mumbai-city-clinch-2-1-win-over-atk-mohun-bagan-to-win-title.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

== International career ==
Manvir represented [[India national under-23 football team|India U23]], when he was called up to squad for the [[2018 AFC U-23 Championship qualification|2018 AFC U-23 Championship qualifiers]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=20 June 2017|title=AFC U-23 Championship 2018: Indian team to head to USA for 'exposure trip' after New Delhi preparatory camp|url=https://www.firstpost.com/sports/afc-u-23-championship-2018-indian-team-to-head-to-usa-for-exposure-trip-after-new-delhi-preparatory-camp-3723999.html|url-status=live|access-date=12 May 2021|website=Firstpost|archive-date=12 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210512095720/https://www.firstpost.com/sports/afc-u-23-championship-2018-indian-team-to-head-to-usa-for-exposure-trip-after-new-delhi-preparatory-camp-3723999.html}}</ref> He played all three group stage matches for India against [[Syria national under-23 football team|Syria]],<ref>{{Cite web|title=AFC U-23 Championship qualification: Syria U23 2-0 India U23 - Sluggish Colts off to a stuttering start {{!}} Goal.com|url=https://www.goal.com/en-om/news/afc-u-23-championship-qualification-syria-u23-2-0-india-u23/15ewqk0paz2rl1bf3a7fdj1um8|access-date=12 May 2021|website=www.goal.com|archive-date=12 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210512121455/https://www.goal.com/en-om/news/afc-u-23-championship-qualification-syria-u23-2-0-india-u23/15ewqk0paz2rl1bf3a7fdj1um8|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Qatar national under-23 football team|Qatar]],<ref>{{Cite web|title=AFC U-23 Championship qualification: Qatar U23 1-0 India U23 - Colts go down fighting against a quality Qatari side {{!}} Goal.com|url=https://www.goal.com/en-bh/news/afc-u-23-championship-qualification-qatar-u23-1-0-india-u23/1ump4ep29t3sb1m758t7esdfum|access-date=12 May 2021|website=www.goal.com|archive-date=12 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210512095720/https://www.goal.com/en-bh/news/afc-u-23-championship-qualification-qatar-u23-1-0-india-u23/1ump4ep29t3sb1m758t7esdfum|url-status=live}}</ref> and [[Turkmenistan national under-23 football team|Turkmenistan]] respectively.<ref>{{Cite web|date=23 July 2017|title=India thump Turkmenistan in AFC U-23 Championship qualifiers|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/football/india-thump-turkmenistan-in-afc-u-23-championship-qualifiers/story-i47KSFsXBcK2QKfSgkM9EI.html|access-date=12 May 2021|website=Hindustan Times|language=en|archive-date=10 January 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190110073931/https://www.hindustantimes.com/football/india-thump-turkmenistan-in-afc-u-23-championship-qualifiers/story-i47KSFsXBcK2QKfSgkM9EI.html|url-status=live}}</ref> He scored his debut goal for the under-23 team in the match against Turkmenistan on 23 July 2017, where he scored the equalising goal, as India made a comeback and defeat them with a score of 3–1.<ref>{{Cite web|title=AFC U23 Championship Qualifiers: India rout Turkmenistan 3-1|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/afc-u23-championship-qualifiers-india-rout-turkmenistan-31/1106272|url-status=live|access-date=12 May 2021|website=Outlook India|archive-date=12 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210512095722/https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/afc-u23-championship-qualifiers-india-rout-turkmenistan-31/1106272}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=24 July 2017|title=AFC Under-23 Championship qualifiers: India thump Turkmenistan 3-1|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/football/afc-under-23-championship-qualifiers-india-thump-turkmenistan-3-1-4764272/|access-date=12 May 2021|website=The Indian Express|language=en|archive-date=12 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210512095720/https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/football/afc-under-23-championship-qualifiers-india-thump-turkmenistan-3-1-4764272/|url-status=live}}</ref> Manvir made a total of 3 appearances for the under-23 team, and was called-up for the [[India national football team|senior national team]] along with many under-23 players by [[Stephen Constantine]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=U-23 players get India senior team call-up {{!}} Football {{!}} News {{!}} Asian Qualifiers 2022|url=https://www.the-afc.com/competitions/afc-asian-cup/news/u-23-players-get-india-senior-team-call-up|url-status=live|access-date=12 May 2021|website=Asian Football Confederation|language=en-GB|archive-date=12 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210512121509/https://www.the-afc.com/competitions/afc-asian-cup/news/u-23-players-get-india-senior-team-call-up}}</ref>

After the 2018 AFC U-23 Championship qualifiers, Manvir was called-up for the senior team for the [[2017 Hero Tri-Nation Series]], and made his debut against [[Mauritius national football team|Mauritius]] in the opening match on 19 August 2017, which ended 2–1 to India.<ref>{{Cite web|date=19 August 2017|title=Tri-Nation Series: India 2-1 Mauritius: Balwant Singh seals dream return with winner|url=https://www.goal.com/en-in/match/india-v-mauritius/eooad0tmma1g4ib3jqzl7xr3e|url-status=live|access-date=12 May 2021|website=www.goal.com|archive-date=12 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210512101641/https://www.goal.com/en-in/match/india-v-mauritius/eooad0tmma1g4ib3jqzl7xr3e}}</ref> He was then selected for the squad to compete in the [[2019 AFC Asian Cup qualification|2019 AFC Asian Cup qualifiers]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Asian Cup Qualifier: India announce 24-man travelling squad for Kyrgyzstan game {{!}} Goal.com|url=https://www.goal.com/en-in/news/asian-cup-qualifier-india-24-man-squad-kyrgyzstan/11eqokb446d0e1348jncw4hish|access-date=12 May 2021|website=www.goal.com|archive-date=12 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210512103057/https://www.goal.com/en-in/news/asian-cup-qualifier-india-24-man-squad-kyrgyzstan/11eqokb446d0e1348jncw4hish|url-status=live}}</ref> A year later, Manvir was called-up for the squad to travel to [[Bangladesh]] for the [[2018 SAFF Championship]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=India announce 20-man squad for SAFF Suzuki Cup 2018|url=https://www.indiansuperleague.com/news/india-announce-20-man-squad-for-saff-suzuki-cup-2018|access-date=12 May 2021|website=Indian Super League|date=4 August 2018 |language=en|archive-date=12 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210512104601/https://www.indiansuperleague.com/news/india-announce-20-man-squad-for-saff-suzuki-cup-2018|url-status=live}}</ref> He found his senior national debut goal in the competition against [[Maldives national football team|Maldives]] on 9 September 2018, where he scored the second goal and sealed the game 2–0 for India.<ref>{{Cite magazine|date=9 September 2018 |title=India beat Maldives 2-0 to set up semi-final with Pakistan in SAFF Cup|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/sports/football/story/india-beat-maldives-2-0-to-set-up-semi-final-with-pakistan-in-saff-cup-1336187-2018-09-09|access-date=12 May 2021|magazine=India Today|language=en|archive-date=12 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210512103058/https://www.indiatoday.in/sports/football/story/india-beat-maldives-2-0-to-set-up-semi-final-with-pakistan-in-saff-cup-1336187-2018-09-09|url-status=live}}</ref> India qualified for the semi-finals of the tournament, and played against arch-rivals [[Pakistan national football team|Pakistan]] on 12 September,<ref>{{Cite web|date=12 September 2018|title=India vs Pakistan Football SAFF Championship Semi-final: India Thrash Arch-rivals Pakistan|url=https://www.news18.com/news/sports/india-vs-pakistan-football-saff-championship-semi-final-india-thrash-arch-rivals-pakistan-1875703.html|access-date=12 May 2021|website=www.news18.com|language=en|archive-date=12 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210512111302/https://www.news18.com/news/sports/india-vs-pakistan-football-saff-championship-semi-final-india-thrash-arch-rivals-pakistan-1875703.html|url-status=live}}</ref> where Manvir scored a brace and helped India to progress through to final with the score of 3–1.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Desk|first=India com Sports|date=12 September 2018|title=IND vs PAK Highlights: India Defeats Pakistan 3-1 as Manvir Singh, Sumeet Passi Score|url=https://www.india.com/sports/saff-championship-2018-india-vs-pakistan-semi-final-live-score-and-updates-will-subhashish-bose-led-india-thrash-pakistan-3321937/|access-date=12 May 2021|website=India News, Breaking News {{!}} India.com|language=en|archive-date=12 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210512114308/https://www.india.com/sports/saff-championship-2018-india-vs-pakistan-semi-final-live-score-and-updates-will-subhashish-bose-led-india-thrash-pakistan-3321937/|url-status=live}}</ref> India announced their [[2019 King's Cup squads|squad]] for the [[2019 King's Cup]], where Manvir was included.<ref>{{Cite web|title=India: Igor Stimac announces 23-man squad for King's Cup {{!}} Goal.com|url=https://www.goal.com/en/news/india-igor-stimac-squad-kings-cup/xohxh8z8bddn1ram22vls8eye|access-date=12 May 2021|website=www.goal.com|archive-date=12 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210512104916/https://www.goal.com/en/news/india-igor-stimac-squad-kings-cup/xohxh8z8bddn1ram22vls8eye|url-status=live}}</ref> He played only one match in the tournament, and that was against [[Thailand national football team|Thailand]] as a substitute for [[Balwant Singh (footballer)|Balwant Singh]] on 8 June 2019, which ended in a 0–1 victory for India.<ref>{{Cite web|date=8 June 2019|title=King's Cup 2019: Anirudh Thapa strike hands India narrow win over Thailand|url=https://www.goal.com/en-in/match/thailand-v-india/x5fe7i7tmmcj4rcw1l0zmgyy|url-status=live|access-date=12 May 2021|website=www.goal.com|archive-date=8 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210208122318/https://www.goal.com/en-in/match/thailand-v-india/x5fe7i7tmmcj4rcw1l0zmgyy}}</ref> Manvir was called-up for the senior squad to take part in the [[2022 FIFA World Cup qualification (AFC)|2022 FIFA World Cup qualifiers]], after his good form at FC Goa.<ref>{{Cite magazine|agency=Press Trust of India |date=12 October 2019 |title=Igor Stimac names 23-member India squad for World Cup qualifiers against Bangladesh|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/sports/football/story/india-vs-bangladesh-fifa-world-cup-2022-qualifiers-coach-igor-stimac-23-member-squad-1608684-2019-10-12|access-date=12 May 2021|magazine=India Today|language=en|archive-date=12 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210512111301/https://www.indiatoday.in/sports/football/story/india-vs-bangladesh-fifa-world-cup-2022-qualifiers-coach-igor-stimac-23-member-squad-1608684-2019-10-12|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=2022 World Cup Qualifiers: Igor Stimac names 26-man squad for Afghanistan and Oman ties {{!}} Goal.com|url=https://www.goal.com/en-in/news/2022-world-cup-qualifiers-igor-stimac-india-squad/o9n9xmp7y2mn1jz6e5ipdabp5|access-date=12 May 2021|website=www.goal.com|archive-date=12 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210512105713/https://www.goal.com/en-in/news/2022-world-cup-qualifiers-igor-stimac-india-squad/o9n9xmp7y2mn1jz6e5ipdabp5|url-status=live}}</ref> He played his first qualifier match against [[Oman national football team|Oman]] as a substitute for [[Ashique Kuruniyan]] on 5 September 2019, which ended in 1–2 defeat for India.<ref>{{Cite web|date=5 September 2019|title=2022 World Cup Qualifiers: Al Mandhar's late brace helps Oman shock India|url=https://www.goal.com/en-in/match/india-v-oman/lineups/53wbx3d2zq2g03rzesub3hxey|url-status=live|access-date=12 May 2021|website=www.goal.com|archive-date=12 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210512121455/https://www.goal.com/en-in/match/india-v-oman/lineups/53wbx3d2zq2g03rzesub3hxey}}</ref> He also appeared in the match against [[Qatar national football team|Qatar]] on 10 September, where India put on an excellent show, as they drew the continental champions 0–0 at full-time.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Scroll Staff|title=World Cup qualifiers, Qatar vs India, as it happened: Blue Tigers hold Asian champions in Doha|url=https://scroll.in/field/936911/football-world-cup-qualifiers-qatar-vs-india-live-updates-no-chhetri-as-blue-tigers-face-tough-test|access-date=12 May 2021|website=Scroll.in|date=10 September 2019 |language=en-US|archive-date=10 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210510144222/https://scroll.in/field/936911/football-world-cup-qualifiers-qatar-vs-india-live-updates-no-chhetri-as-blue-tigers-face-tough-test|url-status=live}}</ref> Manvir found the net again in the friendly match against Oman on 25 March 2021,<ref>{{Cite web|title=India 1-1 Oman: Blue Tigers Fight Back To Share Honours In Dubai|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/website/story/sports-news-india-1-1-oman-manvir-singh-equaliser-helps-blue-tigers-share-honours-in-first-match-after-covid-19-lockdown/378298|url-status=live|access-date=12 May 2021|website=Outlook India|archive-date=12 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210512111152/https://www.outlookindia.com/website/story/sports-news-india-1-1-oman-manvir-singh-equaliser-helps-blue-tigers-share-honours-in-first-match-after-covid-19-lockdown/378298}}</ref> where he scored the equalising goal, as it helped India to draw the match 1–1 after a strong second-half show.<ref>{{Cite magazine|date=25 March 2021 |title=India vs Oman: Manvir Singh equaliser helps India seal 1-1 draw on return to international football|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/sports/football/story/india-vs-oman-international-friendly-1-1-draw-manvir-singh-10-debuts-dubai-1783699-2021-03-25|access-date=12 May 2021|magazine=India Today|language=en|archive-date=25 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210325160617/https://www.indiatoday.in/sports/football/story/india-vs-oman-international-friendly-1-1-draw-manvir-singh-10-debuts-dubai-1783699-2021-03-25|url-status=live}}</ref>

On 16 November 2023, Manvir scored India's only goal as India made history with the first ever competitive win against any Middle Eastern host, beating host [[Kuwait national football team|Kuwait]] 1–0 at the [[2026 FIFA World Cup qualification – AFC second round|2026 FIFA World Cup qualification]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://thesportsmania.in/kuwait-0-1-india-manvir-singhs-historic-goal-helps-blue-tigers-edge-a-stern-test-away-at-kuwait-to-face-qatar-next/ | title=Kuwait 0-1 India: Manvir Singh's historic goal helps Blue Tigers edge a stern test away at Kuwait, to face Qatar next | date=17 November 2023 }}</ref>

== Style of play ==
Manvir is a forward.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Manvir Singh - Soccer player profile & career statistics - Global Sports Archive|url=https://globalsportsarchive.com/people/soccer/manvir-singh/195037/|access-date=12 May 2021|website=globalsportsarchive.com|archive-date=12 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210512123955/https://globalsportsarchive.com/people/soccer/manvir-singh/195037/|url-status=live}}</ref> He is a skilful player, who likes to hold the ball and make use of the strength to hold off the opposition.<ref>{{Cite web|date=5 October 2019|title=Exclusive: Style of play at FC Goa is similar to that of Indian Football Team- Manvir Singh|url=https://khelnow.com/football/isl-2019-20-fc-goa-manvir-singh-interview/|access-date=12 May 2021|website=Khel Now|language=en-US|archive-date=2 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210702104030/https://khelnow.com/football/isl-2019-20-fc-goa-manvir-singh-interview-2|url-status=live}}</ref> His former coach at Mohun Bagan, [[Antonio López (footballer, born 1957)|Antonio Habas]], used him as a substitute player in beginning of the 2020–21 ISL season, who later deployed 4-3-3 and 4-4-2 formation to suit Manvir, after making a comment on the impact Manvir had on the pitch.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Manvir Singh at ATK Mohun Bagan: From impact sub to sure-shot starter under Antonio Habas {{!}} Goal.com|url=https://www.goal.com/en/news/manvir-singh-meteoric-rise-atk-mohun-bagan-antonio-habas-isl/16p1e5qfpe5pd1wnk9r1tdjoi3|access-date=12 May 2021|website=www.goal.com|archive-date=12 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210512150440/https://www.goal.com/en/news/manvir-singh-meteoric-rise-atk-mohun-bagan-antonio-habas-isl/16p1e5qfpe5pd1wnk9r1tdjoi3|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=ATK Mohun Bagan's Antonio Habas: We have confidence in Manvir Singh {{!}} Goal.com|url=https://www.goal.com/en-qa/news/atk-mohun-bagan-antonio-habas-confidence-manvir-singh/lgs2gbv7bnte1scc006k052ed|access-date=12 May 2021|website=www.goal.com|archive-date=12 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210512123953/https://www.goal.com/en-qa/news/atk-mohun-bagan-antonio-habas-confidence-manvir-singh/lgs2gbv7bnte1scc006k052ed|url-status=live}}</ref>

== Personal life ==
Manvir was born in [[Duhra|Duhre]], [[Punjab, India|Punjab]] in [[India]] on 6 November 1995.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Manvir Singh Stats, Info and Next Game|url=https://www.footballcritic.com/manvir-singh/profile/195037|access-date=12 May 2021|website=FootballCritic|language=en|archive-date=2 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210702104109/https://www.footballcritic.com/manvir-singh/profile/195037|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Manvir Singh, Latest News & Player Profile {{!}} Goal.com|url=https://www.goal.com/en-in/player/manvir-singh/1cclqc2tw3zav2if1cqij7ofe|access-date=12 May 2021|website=www.goal.com|archive-date=12 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210512131501/https://www.goal.com/en-in/player/manvir-singh/1cclqc2tw3zav2if1cqij7ofe|url-status=live}}</ref> He went to Khalsa College before joining the Minerva Academy.<ref>{{Cite web|date=13 March 2021|title=ISL Final: Manvir Singh, two good feet and an eye for goal|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/sports/football/isl-final-manvir-singh-two-good-feet-and-an-eye-for-goal-101615599804322.html|access-date=12 May 2021|website=Hindustan Times|language=en|archive-date=12 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210512131234/https://www.hindustantimes.com/sports/football/isl-final-manvir-singh-two-good-feet-and-an-eye-for-goal-101615599804322.html|url-status=live}}</ref> His father Kuldip Singh played professional football,<ref>{{Cite web|last=Sarkar|first=Sujata|date=27 March 2017|title=Former Punjab footballer's son helps Bengal win their 32nd Santosh Trophy|url=https://www.mykhel.com/football/former-punjab-footballer-s-son-helps-bengal-win-their-32nd-santosh-trophy-012900.html?story=3|url-status=live|access-date=12 May 2021|website=My Khel|language=en|archive-date=12 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210512134413/https://www.mykhel.com/football/former-punjab-footballer-s-son-helps-bengal-win-their-32nd-santosh-trophy-012900.html?story=3}}</ref> and had represented [[JCT FC]], and had also took part in the [[Santosh Trophy]] for [[Punjab football team (India)|Punjab]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Desk|first=Sentinel Digital|date=3 November 2019|title=Sunil Chhetri treats us like younger brothers: Manvir Singh - Sentinelassam|url=https://www.sentinelassam.com/north-east-india-news/local-sports/sunil-chhetri-treats-us-like-younger-brothers-manvir-singh/|access-date=12 May 2021|website=www.sentinelassam.com|language=en|archive-date=12 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210512130639/https://www.sentinelassam.com/north-east-india-news/local-sports/sunil-chhetri-treats-us-like-younger-brothers-manvir-singh/|url-status=live}}</ref> Manvir has one sibling named Harkamal Singh.<ref>{{Cite web|date=13 March 2021|title=ISL Final: Manvir Singh, two good feet and an eye for goal|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/sports/football/isl-final-manvir-singh-two-good-feet-and-an-eye-for-goal-101615599804322.html|access-date=12 May 2021|website=Hindustan Times|language=en|archive-date=12 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210512131234/https://www.hindustantimes.com/sports/football/isl-final-manvir-singh-two-good-feet-and-an-eye-for-goal-101615599804322.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Career statistics==
===Club===
{{updated|28 October 2025}}<ref>{{soccerway|manvir-singh/499187}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; font-size:90%"
|-
!rowspan="2"|Club
!rowspan="2"|Season
!colspan="3"|League
!colspan="2"|Durand Cup
!colspan="2"|Super Cup
!colspan="2"|[[Asian Football Confederation|AFC]]
!colspan="2"|Other
!colspan="2"|Total
|-
!Division!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals
|-
|rowspan=2|[[RoundGlass Punjab FC|Minerva Punjab]]
|{{Nowrap|[[2015–16 I-League 2nd Division|2015–16]]}}
|rowspan="1"|[[I-League 2|I-League 2nd Division]]
|14||4||colspan="2"|–||colspan="2"|–||colspan="2"|–||colspan="2"|–||14||4
|-
! colspan="2" |Total
!14!!4!!0!!0!!0!!0!!0!!0!!0!!0!!14!!4
|-
|rowspan=2|[[Mohammedan SC (Kolkata)|Mohammedan]]
|[[2016–17 I-League 2nd Division|2016–17]]
|rowspan="1"|[[I-League 2|I-League 2nd Division]]
|6||2||colspan="2"|–||colspan="2"|–||colspan="2"|–||10{{efn|Appearances in [[Calcutta Football League|Calcutta League]]}}||4||16||6
|-
! colspan="2" |Total
!6!!2!!0!!0!!0!!0!!0!!0!!10!!4!!16!!6
|-
|rowspan=2|[[Southern Samity]]
|[[2016–17 I-League 2nd Division|2016–17]]
|rowspan="1"|[[I-League 2|I-League 2nd Division]]
|5||0||colspan="2"|–||colspan="2"|–||colspan="2"|–||colspan="2"|–||5||0
|-
! colspan="2" |Total
!5!!0!!0!!0!!0!!0!!0!!0!!0!!0!!5!!0
|-
| rowspan="4" |[[FC Goa|Goa]]
|[[2017–18 FC Goa season|2017–18]]
|rowspan="3"|[[Indian Super League]]
|9||0||colspan="2"|–||2|||1||colspan="2"|–||colspan="2"|–||11||1
|-
|[[2018–19 FC Goa season|2018–19]]
|19||1||colspan="2"|–||3||0||colspan="2"|–||colspan="2"|–||22||1
|-
|[[2019–20 FC Goa season|2019–20]]
|19||2||colspan="2"|–||colspan="2"|–||colspan="2"|–||colspan="2"|–||19||2
|-
! colspan="2" |Total
!47!!3!!colspan="2"|–!!5!!1!!colspan="2"|–!!colspan="2"|–||52!!4
|-
| rowspan="7" | [[Mohun Bagan Super Giant|Mohun Bagan SG]]
|{{nowrap|[[2020–21 ATK Mohun Bagan FC season|2020–21]]}}
|rowspan="6"|[[Indian Super League]]
|23||6||colspan="2" |–||colspan="2" |–||colspan="2"|–||colspan="2"|–||23||6
|-
|[[2021–22 ATK Mohun Bagan FC season|2021–22]]
|22||6||colspan="2"|–||colspan="2"|–||4{{efn|2021 AFC Cup|Appearance(s) in [[AFC Cup]]}}||1||colspan="2"|–||26||7
|-
|[[2022–23 ATK Mohun Bagan FC season|2022–23]]
|18||2||4||0||3||1||6{{efn|AFC Cup 2022}}||2||1{{efn|Appearance in [[Indian club qualifiers for 2023–24 AFC competitions]]}}||0||32||5
|-
|[[2023–24 Mohun Bagan Super Giant season|2023–24]]
|23||4||6||2||0||0||5{{efn|AFC Cup 2023}}||0||colspan="2" |–||34||6
|-
|[[2024–25 Mohun Bagan Super Giant season|2024-25]]
|25||5||4
|1||0||0||1{{efn|ACL TWO 2024}}||0||colspan="2" |–||30||6
|-
|[[2025–26 Mohun Bagan Super Giant season|2025-26]]
|0||0
|1||1
|2||0
|0{{efn|2025 ACL Two}}||0
|2{{efn|name=IFAShield|Appearance(s) in [[IFA Shield]]}}||0
|5||1
|-
! colspan="2" |Total
!111!!23!!15!!4!!5!!1!!16!!3!!3!!0!!150!!31
|-
! colspan="3" |Career total
!183!!32!!15!!4!!9!!2!!16!!3!!13!!4!!236!!45
|}
{{notelist}}

=== International ===
{{updated|4 June 2025}}<ref name="NFTprofile">{{NFT|68669}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
!National team!!Year!!Apps!!Goals
|-
| rowspan="8" |[[India national football team|India]]
|2017||2||0
|-
|2018||4||3
|-
|2019||9||0
|-
|2021||12||2
|-
|2022||6||1
|-
|2023||4||1
|-
|2024||10||0
|-
|2025||1||0
|-
! colspan="2" |Total!!48!!7
|}

====International goals====
{{updated|match played 16 November 2023}}
:''India score listed first, score column indicates score after each Manvir Singh goal''<ref name="NFT">{{cite web|url=https://www.national-football-teams.com/player/68669/Manvir_Singh.html|title=Singh, Manvir|publisher=National Football Teams|access-date=17 September 2018|archive-date=17 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180917143308/https://www.national-football-teams.com/player/68669/Manvir_Singh.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:"
! No. !! Date !! Venue !! Cap !! Opponent !! Score !! Result !! Competition !! Ref.
|-
| 1 || 9 September 2018 || rowspan="3" | [[Bangabandhu National Stadium]], Dhaka, Bangladesh || align=center | 4 || {{fb|MDV}} || align=center | 2–0 || align=center | 2–0 || rowspan="3" | [[2018 SAFF Championship]] || <ref>{{cite web|url=https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2018/09/09/asia/south-asian-football-federation-championship/india/maldives/2780187/|title=India 2–0 Maldives|website=Soccerway|date=9 September 2018|access-date=14 June 2022|archive-date=14 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220614192235/https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2018/09/09/asia/south-asian-football-federation-championship/india/maldives/2780187/|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| 2 || rowspan="2" | 12 September 2018 || rowspan="2" align=center | 5 || rowspan="2" | {{fb|PAK}} || align=center | 1–0 || rowspan="2" align=center| 3–1 || rowspan="2" | <ref>{{cite web|url=https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2018/09/12/asia/south-asian-football-federation-championship/india/pakistan/2780195/|title=India 3–1 Pakistan|website=Soccerway|date=12 September 2018|access-date=14 June 2022|archive-date=17 February 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230217204923/https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2018/09/12/asia/south-asian-football-federation-championship/india/pakistan/2780195/|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| 3 || align=center | 2–0
|-
| 4 || 25 March 2021 || [[Maktoum bin Rashid Al Maktoum Stadium]], Dubai, United Arab Emirates || align=center | 16 || {{fb|OMA}} || align=center | 1–1 || align=center | 1–1 || [[Exhibition game|Friendly]] || <ref>{{cite web|url=https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2021/03/25/world/friendlies/oman/india/3464781/|title=Oman 1–1 India|website=Soccerway|date=25 March 2021|access-date=14 June 2022|archive-date=23 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211023103919/https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2021/03/25/world/friendlies/oman/india/3464781/|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| 5 || 13 October 2021 || [[National Football Stadium (Maldives)|National Football Stadium]], Malé, Maldives || align=center | 26 || {{fb|MDV}} || align=center | 1–0 || align=center | 3–1 || [[2021 SAFF Championship]] || <ref>{{cite web|url=https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2021/10/13/asia/south-asian-football-federation-championship/india/maldives/3627858/|title=India 3–1 Maldives|website=Soccerway|date=13 October 2021|access-date=14 June 2022|archive-date=13 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211013213630/https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2021/10/13/asia/south-asian-football-federation-championship/india/maldives/3627858/|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| 6 || 14 June 2022 || [[Vivekananda Yuba Bharati Krirangan|Salt Lake Stadium]], Kolkata, India || align=center | 33 || {{fb|HKG}} || align=center | 3–0 || align=center | 4–0 || [[2023 AFC Asian Cup qualification – third round|2023 AFC Asian Cup qualification]] || <ref>{{cite web|url=https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2022/06/14/asia/asian-cup-qualification/india/hong-kong/3757742/|title=India 4–0 Hong Kong|website=int.Soccerway.com|date=14 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230326224608/https://us.soccerway.com/matches/2022/06/14/asia/asian-cup-qualification/india/hong-kong/3757742/|archive-date=26 March 2023}}</ref>
|-
| 7 || 16 November 2023 || [[Jaber Al-Ahmad International Stadium]], Kuwait City, Kuwait || align=center| 37 || {{fb|KUW}} || align=center| 1–0 || align=center| 1–0 || [[2026 FIFA World Cup qualification – AFC second round|2026 FIFA World Cup qualification]]||<ref>{{cite web|url=https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2023/11/16/asia/wc-qualifying-asia/kuwait/india/4190899/|title=India 1–0 Kuwait|website=Soccerway|date=16 November 2023|access-date=17 November 2023|archive-date=16 November 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231116202214/https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2023/11/16/asia/wc-qualifying-asia/kuwait/india/4190899/|url-status=live}}</ref>
|}

==Honours==

'''FC Goa'''
* [[Indian Super Cup|Super Cup]]: [[2019 Indian Super Cup|2019]]<ref>{{Cite news|last=Sharma|first=Amitabha Das|date=14 April 2019|title=FC Goa's long wait for a trophy ends|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/sport/football/fc-goas-long-wait-for-a-trophy-ends/article26832013.ece|access-date=12 May 2021|issn=0971-751X|archive-date=2 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210702104059/https://www.thehindu.com/sport/football/fc-goas-long-wait-for-a-trophy-ends/article26832013.ece|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[Indian Super League|Indian Super League Premiers]]: [[2019–20 Indian Super League|2019–20]]<ref>{{Cite web|date=19 February 2020|title=FC Goa hammer Jamshedpur FC, finish on top of Indian Super League table|url=https://www.goal.com/en-in/match/jamshedpur-v-goa/report/8c2l0k4858f015oma1zlpgsq2|url-status=live|access-date=12 May 2021|website=www.goal.com|archive-date=29 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201129033541/https://www.goal.com/en-in/match/jamshedpur-v-goa/report/8c2l0k4858f015oma1zlpgsq2}}</ref>

''' Mohun Bagan'''
* [[Durand Cup]]: [[2023 Durand Cup|2023]]
* [[Indian Super League|ISL Cup]]: [[2022–23 Indian Super League|2022–23]], [[2024–25 Indian Super League|2024–25]]
* [[Indian Super League|Indian Super League Shield]]: [[2023–24 Indian Super League|2023–24]], [[2024–25 Indian Super League|2024–25]]
* [[IFA Shield]]: [[2025 IFA Shield|2025]]

'''India'''
* [[SAFF Championship]]: [[2021 SAFF Championship|2021]]
* [[Tri-Nation Series (India)|Tri-Nation Series]]: [[2017 Hero Tri-Nation Series|2017]], [[2023 Tri-Nation Series (India)|2023]]

'''Others'''
* [[Santosh Trophy]]: [[2016–17 Santosh Trophy|2016–17]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{Soccerway|499187}}
* [https://www.indiansuperleague.com/players/forward-32021-manvir-singh-profile Manvir Singh] at Indian Super League

{{Mohun Bagan Super Giant squad}}
{{India squad 2023 AFC Asian Cup}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Singh, Manvir}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1995 births]]
[[Category:People from Jalandhar district]]
[[Category:Footballers from Punjab, India]]
[[Category:Indian men's footballers]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian sportsmen]]
[[Category:India men's international footballers]]
[[Category:India men's youth international footballers]]
[[Category:Men's association football forwards]]
[[Category:Minerva Academy FC players]]
[[Category:Mohammedan SC (Kolkata) players]]
[[Category:Southern Samity players]]
[[Category:FC Goa players]]
[[Category:Mohun Bagan Super Giant players]]
[[Category:2023 AFC Asian Cup players]]

P. A. Uthaman

2026-01-19T03:48:00Z

Vilianaizi: Made The Entry Added Tags

{{Short description|Malayalam writer and novelist}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2025}}
{{Infobox writer
| birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1961|10|02}}
| death_date = {{Death date and age|2008|06|10|1961|10|02|df=yes}}<ref name=":12"/>
| birth_place = [[Nedumangad]], [[Thiruvananthapuram district]]
| awards = [[Kerala Sahitya Akademi Award]]
| notable_works = Chavoli
| nationality = Indian
| name = P. A. Uthaman
| occupation = Writer
| genre = Novel, short story
}}

'''P. A. Uthaman''' was a Malayalam writer and novelist.<ref name=":02">{{Cite web |date=2017-10-21 |title=The Alphabet of a People |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/delhi/the-alphabet-of-a-people-dalit-writers-malayalam-literature-dont-want-book-review-indian-express-india-news-latest-news/ |access-date=2023-10-15 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> Known for his work Purushethaman The first novel 'Chaoli' and received the [[Kerala Sahitya Akademi Award]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Uthaman |first=P. A. |date=2017-11-22 |title=‘The World of Rabbits’: This searing Malayalam story shows Dalit lives reimagined in fiction |url=https://scroll.in/article/858545/the-world-of-rabbits-this-searing-malayalam-story-shows-dalit-lives-reimagined-in-fiction |access-date=2023-10-13 |website=Scroll.in |language=en-US}}</ref>

== Early life ==
He was born on 2 October 1961 at [[Nedumangad]] in [[Thiruvananthapuram district]] . Uthaman received the Best Novel Award from the Kerala Sahitya Akademi for his work 'Chavoli', which was published shortly before his death in June 2008. This award was a belated recognition for his portrayal of the marginalized [[Dalit]] community, the [[Kuravar|Kuravas]], in the rural setting of Nedumangad.<ref name=":12">{{Cite web |title=An honour that came late |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/2009/apr/19/an-honour-that-came-late-42232.html |access-date=2023-10-15 |website=The New Indian Express}}</ref>

== Works ==

* Chavoli<ref name=":02"/><ref>{{Cite book |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/benz/9780199773787.article.b00187394 |title=Uth, Max |date=2011-10-31 |publisher=Oxford University Press |series=Benezit Dictionary of Artists}}</ref>

== Award ==

* [[Kerala Sahitya Akademi Award]] for Novel in 2008.<ref name=":12"/>

== Death ==
Uthaman died due to lung cancer at 45, he was working at Travancore Sugar and Chemicals in Tiruvall.<ref name=":12"/>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Uthaman, P. A}}
[[Category:Indian writers]]
[[Category:1961 births]]
[[Category:2008 deaths]]
[[Category:Writers from Kerala]]
[[Category:Malayalam-language novelists]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian male writers]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Kerala Sahitya Akademi Award]]

Ranajit Guha

2026-01-14T17:41:16Z

Vilianaizi:

{{short description|Indian historian (1923–2023)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2023}}
{{Infobox historian
| name = Ranajit Guha
| birth_date = {{birth date|1923|05|23|df=y}}
| birth_place = Siddhakati, [[Bengal Presidency]], British India
| death_date = {{death date and age|2023|04|28|1923|05|23|df=y}}
| death_place = [[Vienna Woods]], Austria
| known_for = Pioneering the [[Subaltern Studies Group]]
| notable_students = {{ubl|[[Dipesh Chakrabarty]] |[[Partha Chatterjee (scholar)|Partha Chatterjee]] |[[Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak]]}}
| workplaces = {{ubl|[[University of Sussex]]|[[Australian National University]]}}
| alma_mater = {{ubl|[[Presidency College, Calcutta]]|[[Calcutta University]]}}
}}

'''Ranajit Guha''' {{post-nominals|country=AUS|FAHA}} (23 May 1923 – 28 April 2023) was an Indian historian and the founder of the [[Subaltern Studies|Subaltern Studies Collective]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Chatterjee |first=Partha |title=Ranajit Guha, the Unconventional Historian |url=https://thewire.in/history/ranajit-guha-the-unconventional-historian |access-date=2025-10-05 |website=The Wire |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Hardiman |first=David |date=2023-07-08 |title=Ranajit Guha (1923–2023) {{!}} Economic and Political Weekly |url=https://www.epw.in/journal/2023/27/commentary/ranajit-guha-1923%E2%80%932023.html |access-date=2025-10-05 |website=www.epw.in |language=en}}</ref> Guha’s scholarship challenged traditional elite-centered narratives, emphasising the agency of peasants and subaltern communities in shaping historical processes.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-05-23 |title=Subaltern Studies: Ranajit Guha and Its Sociological Study |url=https://hubsociology.com/subaltern-studies-ranajit-guha-and-its/ |access-date=2025-10-05 |language=en-US}}</ref> His influential works, including ''Elementary Aspects of Peasant Insurgency in independent India'', have left a lasting impact on the fields of [[South Asian history]], [[postcolonial studies]], and [[historiography]].<ref name=":2">{{cite web |last=Mukherjee |first=Somak |date=23 May 2022 |title=Ranajit Guha, India's oldest living historian, starts his 100th year with a dazzling legacy |url=https://scroll.in/article/1024494/ranajit-guha-indias-oldest-living-historian-starts-his-100th-year-with-dazzling-scholarship |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230305131214/https://scroll.in/article/1024494/ranajit-guha-indias-oldest-living-historian-starts-his-100th-year-with-dazzling-scholarship |archive-date=5 March 2023 |access-date=1 May 2023 |website=Scroll.in |language=en-US}}</ref> Guha was nominated an [[Honorary Fellow]] of the [[Australian Academy of the Humanities]] in 1996.<ref>{{cite web |title=Fellow Profile: Ranajit Guha |url=https://humanities.org.au/fellows/fellow-profile/?fellow_id=156 |access-date=30 April 2024 |website=Australian Academy of the Humanities |language=en-AU}}</ref>

== Early life and career ==
Born on 23 May 1923 in [[Jhalokati District|Siddhakatti]], [[Backergunge District]] of [[British India]] (present-day [[Bangladesh]]), Guha hailed from a lineage of ''khas'' [[taluqdar]]s.<ref name=":3">{{Cite book |last=Chatterjee |first=Partha |url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/The_Small_Voice_of_History/uNUiQwAACAAJ?hl=en |title=The Small Voice of History: Collected Essays |date=2009 |publisher=Permanent Black |isbn=978-81-7824-255-2 |editor-last=Chatterjee |editor-first=Partha |language=en |chapter=Editor's Introduction}}</ref> His grandfather was a revenue official, and his father, Radhika Ranjan Guha, was an [[advocate]], who later became a [[judge]] of the [[Dacca High Court]].<ref name=":4">{{Cite book |last=Amin |first=Shahid |url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Subaltern_Studies/0iFuAAAAMAAJ?hl=en |title=Subaltern Studies VIII: Essays in Honour of Ranajit Guha |last2=Bhadra |first2=Gautam |date=1994 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-563411-2 |editor-last=Arnold |editor-first=David |language=en |chapter=Ranajit Guha: A Biographical Sketch |editor-last2=Hardiman |editor-first2=David}}</ref> Guha's elder brother, Deba Prasad, was a notable scholar of [[Pali]] in [[Rangoon]] and [[Banaras]].<ref name=":4" />

Guha pursued his education at the [[Mitra Institution (Main)|Mitra Institution]] and subsequently earned his undergraduate degree from [[Presidency College, Calcutta]]. His academic trajectory continued with postgraduate studies in history at the [[University of Calcutta]]. During his formative years, Guha found inspiration in the works of Indian historian [[Susobhan Sarkar]].<ref name=":3" /> He also acknowledged his affluent family background and upbringing in [[East Bengal]], and some of his early influences including writers [[D. H. Lawrence]], [[Fyodor Dostoevsky]], and the Bengali poet [[Michael Madhusudan Dutt]].<ref>{{cite journal |last=Manjapra |first=Kris |date=2 October 2018 |title=Bengali Intellectuals Oral History Project (BIOHP) List of Interviewees |url=https://doi.org/10.1080/00856401.2018.1514558 |url-status=live |journal=South Asia: Journal of South Asian Studies |volume=41 |issue=4 |pages=922–923 |doi=10.1080/00856401.2018.1514558 |issn=0085-6401 |s2cid=150107419 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230501040735/https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/00856401.2018.1514558 |archive-date=1 May 2023 |access-date=1 May 2023|url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Oral history interview with Ranajit Guha {{!}} Archives at Tufts |url=https://archives.tufts.edu/repositories/2/digital_objects/40103 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220624185049/https://archives.tufts.edu/repositories/2/digital_objects/40103 |archive-date=24 June 2022 |access-date=1 May 2023 |website=archives.tufts.edu}}</ref>

Engaging in political activism during the 1940s, Guha affiliated with the [[Communist Party of India]], represented the party at the [[World Federation of Democratic Youth]] in London.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Das |first=Suchintan |title=Beyond Bandung and Belgrade: Damodar Dharmananda Kosambi, A Forgotten Indian Voice for World Peace |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/pech.70035 |journal=Peace & Change |language=en |volume=n/a |issue=n/a |doi=10.1111/pech.70035 |issn=1468-0130 |quote="The World Federation of Democratic Youth (WFDY) was yet another broad-based Soviet-aligned organization that Kosambi came in contact with during the course of his transnational peace activism. He was thanked for sending a message in support of the ‘International Day of Solidarity with Youth Fighting Colonialism’ in 1951 by Ranajit Guha (the future founder of the Subaltern Studies Collective) on behalf of the WFDY Secretariat"|doi-access=free }}</ref> Following his return to India in 1953, he distanced himself from political engagements after the [[Soviet invasion of Hungary|Soviet invasion of Hungary in 1956]].

Commencing his teaching career at [[Chandernagore Government College]] in 1953, Guha faced suspension from the Bengal Educational Services due to scrutiny of his political history. Subsequently, he was employed by [[Jadavpur University]].<ref name=":2" /> In 1959, Guha embarked on a migration to the United Kingdom, securing a fellowship at the [[University of Manchester]] to complete his doctoral thesis.<ref name=":1">{{cite web |title=Historian Ranajit Guha Passes Away |url=https://thewire.in/history/ranajit-guha-passes-away |access-date=1 May 2023 |website=The Wire |archive-date=1 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230501040718/https://thewire.in/history/ranajit-guha-passes-away |url-status=live}}</ref> In 1962, he assumed the position of a [[Reader (academic rank)|Reader]] in history at the [[University of Sussex]].<ref>{{cite web |last=Damodaran |first=Vinita |date=23 June 2023 |title=Obituary: Professor Ranajit Guha |url=https://www.sussex.ac.uk/broadcast/read/61233 |access-date=30 July 2023 |website=The University of Sussex}}</ref> Noteworthy is his departure from Sussex in 1981, when he accepted a position at the [[Australian National University]], where he concluded his distinguished career, retiring in 1988.<ref name=":1" />

== Research ==

=== Subaltern Studies Group ===
In the 1980s, Ranajit Guha was instrumental in developing an alternative approach to the study of the South Asian past. Criticising the elitist focus of existing historical scholarship, he highlighted the experiences and agency of marginalised groups and people. This approach gave rise to [[Subaltern Studies]], or the Subaltern Study Group, which became an influential strand of postcolonial and post-Marxist historiography.<ref name=":0">{{cite web |date=29 April 2023 |title=Ranajit Guha passes away: The Subaltern School and Guha's contributions to South Asian Studies |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/ranajit-guha-passes-away-subaltern-school-8582946/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230430065313/https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/ranajit-guha-passes-away-subaltern-school-8582946/ |archive-date=30 April 2023 |access-date=1 May 2023 |website=The Indian Express}}</ref>

Guha’s ''Elementary Aspects'' is considered a seminal work in the field.<ref>{{cite news |last=Biswas |first=Amrita |title=Research Note on Subaltern Studies |publisher=Journal of Literature, Culture and Media Studies |year=2009 |page=200}}</ref><ref name=":0" /> In the first volume of ''Subaltern Studies'', he defined the “subaltern” as those outside the elite sectors of Indian society, a concept borrowed from Italian [[Marxist theorist]] [[Antonio Gramsci]] to emphasise the importance of marginalised voices of the peasants, independent of the dominant groups.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Guha |first=Ranajit |url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Subaltern_Studies/8gxuAAAAMAAJ?hl=en |title=Subaltern Studies: Writings on South Asian History and Society |date=1982 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-561355-1 |language=en}}</ref> The Subaltern Studies framework encouraged scholars to examine the roles of class, caste, and gender in shaping historical narratives.<ref>{{cite news |date=1 May 2023 |title=Historian of the subaltern, Ranajit Guha, passes away in Vienna |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/historian-of-the-subaltern-ranajit-guha-passes-away-in-vienna/articleshow/99896895.cms?from=mdr |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230501040805/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/historian-of-the-subaltern-ranajit-guha-passes-away-in-vienna/articleshow/99896895.cms?from=mdr |archive-date=1 May 2023 |access-date=1 May 2023 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

Guha influenced a generation of scholars, including [[Partha Chatterjee (scholar)|Partha Chatterjee]], [[Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak]], and [[Dipesh Chakrabarty]].<ref name=":1" />

== Personal life ==
Residing in [[Purkersdorf]], [[Austria]], situated on the periphery of the [[Vienna Woods]], Ranajit Guha lived with his partner Mechthild Guha (née Jungwirth), a German-born scholar. The couple first met each other at the [[University of Sussex]] in the early 1960s, a period during which Guha attained prominence, subsequently relocating to the [[Australian National University]], where their scholarly endeavours persisted.<ref>{{cite web |author=Milinda Banerjee |title=In Search of Transcendence: An Interview with Ranajit Guha |url=http://www.sai.uni-heidelberg.de/history/download/ranajit_guha_interview_2.2.11.pdf |access-date=26 February 2011 |publisher=[[University of Heidelberg]] |archive-date=24 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924093607/http://www.sai.uni-heidelberg.de/history/download/ranajit_guha_interview_2.2.11.pdf |url-status=live}}</ref> Guha died at home on 28 April 2023 at the age of 99.<ref name="abp">{{cite web |title=নিম্নবর্গের ইতিহাস সাধনার অন্যতম পথিকৃৎ রণজিৎ গুহের জীবনাবসান |url=https://www.anandabazar.com/west-bengal/historian-ranajit-guha-passed-away/cid/1426085 |access-date=29 April 2023 |language=bn |publisher=[[Anandabazar Patrika]] |archive-date=29 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230429075448/https://www.anandabazar.com/west-bengal/historian-ranajit-guha-passed-away/cid/1426085 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last=Hardiman |first=David |title=Ranajit Guha: A Tribute |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/02666030.2023.2270837 |journal=South Asian Studies |volume=39 |issue=2 |pages=257–262 |date=3 July 2023 |issn=0266-6030 |doi=10.1080/02666030.2023.2270837}}</ref>

==Select bibliography==

===Author===
*''A rule of property for Bengal: an essay on the idea of permanent settlement'', Paris [etc.]: Mouton & Co., 1963; new edition, Duke University Press, {{ISBN|0-8223-1761-3}}
*''Elementary Aspects of Peasant Insurgency in Colonial India'', Oxford University Press, Delhi, 1983; new edition, Duke University Press, 1999, {{ISBN|0-8223-2348-6}}
*"[https://books.google.com/books?id=pZz8P9FSD70C History at the Limit of World-History]" (Italian Academy Lectures), Columbia University Press, 2002
*''An Indian Historiography of India: A Nineteenth Century Agenda & Its Implications''. Calcutta: K.P. Bagchi & Company. 1988.
*''Dominance without Hegemony: History and Power in Colonial India'', Harvard University Press, 1998
*''The Small Voice of History'', [[Permanent Black]], 2009, (Collection of essays, edited by [[Partha Chatterjee (scholar)|Partha Chatterjee]]).

===Editor===
*''Subaltern Studies I: Writings on South Asian History and Society''. New Delhi, [[Oxford University Press]], 1982.
*''Subaltern Studies II: Writings on South Asian History and Society''. New Delhi, Oxford University Press, 1983.
*''Subaltern Studies III: Writings on South Asian History and Society''. New Delhi, Oxford University Press, 1984.
*''Subaltern Studies IV: Writings on South Asian History and Society''. New Delhi, Oxford University Press, 1985.
*''Subaltern Studies V: Writings on South Asian History and Society''. New Delhi, Oxford University Press, 1987.
*''Selected Subaltern Studies.'' New York: Oxford University Press, 1988, (co-edited with [[Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak]]).
*''Subaltern Studies VI: Writings on South Asian History and Society''. New Delhi, Oxford University Press, 1989.
*''A Subaltern Studies Reader,1986–1995''. [[University of Minnesota Press]], 1997, {{ISBN|0-8166-2758-4}}

==Select works about Guha==
* Sathyamurthy, T. V. (1990). "Indian peasant historiography: A critical perspective on Ranajit Guha's work". ''The Journal of Peasant Studies'', 18(1), 92–144. doi:10.1080/03066159008438445
* Arnold, David; Hardiman, David. (1994). ''Subaltern Studies VIII: Essays in Honour of Ranajit Guha''. Delhi: Oxford University Press.

==See also==
* [[Subaltern Studies]]
* [[Partha Chatterjee (scholar)|Partha Chatterjee]]
* [[Dipesh Chakrabarty]]
* [[Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak|Gayatri Spivak]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*[https://risenphoenix.wordpress.com/2007/02/01/ranajit-guha-on-elitist-historiography-an-analysis/ An Analysis of the essay "On Some Aspects of the Historiography of Colonial India"]

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Guha, Ranajit}}
[[Category:1923 births]]
[[Category:2023 deaths]]
[[Category:Bengali historians]]
[[Category:Historians of South Asia]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian historians]]
[[Category:Indian Marxist historians]]
[[Category:People from Nalchity Upazila]]
[[Category:Fellows of the Australian Academy of the Humanities]]
[[Category:University of Calcutta alumni]]
[[Category:Writers from Jhalokati District]]

Samskruthy Shenoy

2025-12-28T17:36:03Z

Vilianaizi: created new stub

{{Short description|Indian actress}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2019}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2024}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Samskruthy Shenoy
| image =
| birth_date =
| birth_place = [[Kochi]], [[Kerala]], [[India]]
| other_names =
| occupation = Actress
| years_active = 2012–present
| height =
| spouse = Vishnu Nair
| parents =
}}

'''Samskruthy Shenoy ''' is an Indian actress who has acted in [[Malayalam cinema]] and TV series along with a few [[Telugu cinema|Telugu]] and [[Tamil cinema|Tamil]] films.

==Early life==
Samskruthy Shenoy was educated at Saraswathi Vidyanikethan Public School in Kochi. She is trained in [[Bharatnatyam]], [[Mohiniyattom]] and western dance.<ref name = ie>{{cite web |url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/malayalam/article1469573.ece |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130226134439/http://newindianexpress.com/entertainment/malayalam/article1469573.ece |url-status=dead |archive-date=26 February 2013 |title=Quite a good start for Samskruthy Shenoy |work=The New Indian Express}}</ref> Her parents were initially against the idea of her becoming an actress, but later agreed as long as her studies were not affected.<ref name = times>{{cite news |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/Samskrithi-gets-busy-in-the-South/articleshow/18764403.cms |title=Samskrithi gets busy in the South |work=The Times of India |date=3 March 2013}}</ref>

In 2017, Samskruthy Shenoy became engaged to her long-term boyfriend Vishnu Nair.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/newly-engaged-actress-samskruthy-shenoy-says-that-there-is-nothing-filmy-about-her-love/articleshow/59634262.cms |title=Newly engaged actress Samskruthy Shenoy says that there is nothing filmy about her love |last=Georgel |first=Anjana |date=18 July 2017 |website=The Times of India |access-date=24 May 2018}}</ref>

==Career==
Samskruthy Shenoy started her career as a model of Lukmance Model Management agency.<ref name = ie/> She went on to do modeling for the Kalyan Silks Ad Sale jingle and an ad-film for the PP Mall Mukkam before she landed the lead female role in the Telugu film, ''[[Hrudayam Ekkadunnadi]]'' directed by debutant director Vi Anand.{{Citation needed|date=December 2024}} Her maiden release, however, became the Malayalam film, ''[[My Fan Ramu]]'' in 2013 that featured her in a supporting role. She had also been chosen to play the lead role in the Tamil film ''[[Kutti Puli]]'' starring [[M. Sasikumar]], but had to back out from the project due to exams and illness of her grandmother. She was chosen as the brand ambassador to launch the Amma Kitex Dezire youth bags in April 2013.

Her first release that had her in a starring role was ''[[Black Butterfly (2013 film)|Black Butterfly]]'' (2013) directed by Rajaputhra Ranjith.<ref name = ie/> She played a Plus Two student named Aarathy in the film, who falls for her neighbour.<ref name = ie/> Shenoy, who was 13 years old when she filmed for ''Black Butterfly'', said that it wasn't easy to play a romantic character at her age and that she was "very uncomfortable initially".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/always-knew-id-enter-films-at-a-young-age-says-samskruthy-shenoy/459105-71-216.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140322050319/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/always-knew-id-enter-films-at-a-young-age-says-samskruthy-shenoy/459105-71-216.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=22 March 2014 |title=Always knew I'd enter films at a young age, says Samskruthy Shenoy |publisher=CNN-IBN}}</ref> The film was released on 15 February 2013 and turned out to be a commercial failure, although her performance was received well by critics,<ref name = times/> with [[The Hindu]]'s critic noting that she was "a surprise package".<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-kerala/no-glitz-no-gimmicks/article4424089.ece |title=No glitz, no gimmicks |work=The Hindu |date=16 February 2013}}</ref> ''Hrudayam Ekkadunnadi'' in which she played Nithya, a "soft-spoken service-oriented cool and calm character",<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-cinemaplus/tricky-love-story/article5434279.ece |title=Tricky love story |author=M. L. Narasimham |work=The Hindu |date=7 December 2013}}</ref> released a month later.

2014 Shenoy was first seen in ''[[Vegam (2014 film)|Vegam]]'' directed by adfilm maker Anil Kumar.<ref>{{cite web |title=Samskruthy all set for 'Nikkah' |url=http://www.bharatstudent.com/news/4-124961/samskruthy-all-set-for-nikkah |publisher=BharatStudent.com}}</ref> She later made her Tamil film debut with ''[[Kaadu (2014 film)|Kaadu]]'', a film based on the subject of [[deforestation]] that saw Shenoy playing a rural girl.<ref name = times2>{{cite news |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/From-Malabari-bride-to-village-belle/articleshow/32020855.cms |title=From Malabari bride to village belle |work=The Times of India |date=15 March 2014}}</ref> Among her upcoming films are the [[Suseenthiran]] production ''[[Vil Ambu]]'' and the musical love story ''Kanaa'' in Tamil,<ref name = times2/> ''[[Anarkali (2015 film)|Anarkali]]'' directed by Sachi <ref>{{cite news |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/Samskruthy-is-a-student-in-Anarkali/articleshow/46771177.cms |title=Samskruthy is a student in Anarkali |work=The Times of India |date=2 April 2015}}</ref> and ''Nikkah'' directed by newcomer Azad Alavil in Malayalam <ref>{{cite news |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/Nikkah-is-a-family-entertainer-Samskruty-Shenoy/articleshow/39468070.cms |title=Nikkah is a family entertainer: Samskruty Shenoy |work=The Times of India |date=2 August 2014}}</ref> and ''[[Happy Birthday (2016 Indian film)|Happy Birthday]]'' in Kannada.<ref>[http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/Samskruthy-Shenoy-loves-to-juggle/articleshow/42264147.cms Samskruthy Shenoy films: Samskruthy Shenoy loves to juggle!]. ''The Times of India''. (11 September 2014). Retrieved 5 January 2019.</ref>

==Filmography==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year !! Film !! Role !! Language !! Notes
|-
| 2013 || ''[[My Fan Ramu]]'' ||Channel Representative || [[Malayalam]] ||
|-
| 2013 || ''[[Black Butterfly (2013 film)|Black Butterfly]]'' || Aarathy || Malayalam ||
|-
| 2013 || ''[[Hrudayam Ekkadunnadi]]'' || Nithya || [[Telugu language|Telugu]] ||
|-
| 2014 || ''[[Vegam (2014 film)|Vegam]]'' || Meera || Malayalam ||
|-
| 2014 || ''[[Kaadu (2014 film)|Kaadu]]'' || Poongodi || [[Tamil language|Tamil]] ||
|-
| 2015 || ''Nikkah'' || Hiba || Malayalam ||
|-
| 2015 || ''Tippu'' || ||Telugu ||
|-
| 2015 || ''[[Anarkali (2015 film)|Anarkali]]'' || Dua || Malayalam ||
|-
| 2016 || ''[[Sethu Boomi]]'' || Puthiya Malar || Tamil ||
|-
| 2016 || ''[[Vil Ambu]]'' || Poongodi || Tamil ||
|-
| 2016 || ''[[Marubhoomiyile Aana]]'' || Keerthi|| Malayalam ||
|-
| 2016 || ''[[Happy Birthday (2016 Indian film)|Happy Birthday]]''<ref>{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/samskruthy-shenoy-to-debut-in-kannada/articleshow/49737040.cms |title=Samskruthy Shenoy to debut in Kannada |website=[[The Times of India]] |date=11 November 2015}}</ref> || Anjali || [[Kannada]]||
|-
| 2021 || ''[[Thanne Vandi]]'' || Thamini || Tamil||
|}

==Television==
*''All TV series are in Malayalam language''
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year !! Program!! Role !! Airing!! Notes
|-
|2023-2024||''Amme Bhagavathy''||[[Goddess|Devi]]||[[Flowers TV]]||
|-
|2024||''Attukal Amma ''||[[Goddess|Devi]]||[[Flowers TV]]||
|-
|Rowspan=2|2024-2025||''[[Gayathridevi Ente Amma]] ''||Esha||[[Mazhavil Manorama]]||
|-
|''Premapooja''||Pooja||[[Surya TV]]||
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb name|id=6173697}}
*{{Facebook|SamskruthyShenoy|Samskruthy Shenoy}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Shenoy, Samskruthy}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Actresses in Malayalam cinema]]
[[Category:Indian film actresses]]
[[Category:Actresses from Kochi]]
[[Category:Actresses in Tamil cinema]]
[[Category:Actresses in Kannada cinema]]
[[Category:Actresses in Telugu cinema]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian actresses]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

Subbudu

2025-12-19T02:28:04Z

Vilianaizi:

{{Short description|Dance and music critic}}
{{more footnotes needed|date=April 2012}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2023}}
{{infobox person
|name=Subbudu
|birth_name=P. V. Subramaniam
|image=A portrait of Shri P.V. Subramaniam 'Subbudu' who will be presented with the Sangeet Natak Akademi Award for Scholarship Overall Contribution in performing Arts by the President Dr. A.P.J Abdul Kalam in New Delhi on October 26.jpg
|caption=A portrait of Shri P.V. Subramaniam 'Subbudu' was presented with the Sangeet Natak Akademi Award for Scholarship Overall Contribution in performing Arts by the President Dr. A.P.J Abdul Kalam in New Delhi on 26 October 2004
|occupation=critic
|birth_date=27 March 1917<ref name=su>{{cite web|url=http://www.thestatesman.net/page.arcview.php?clid=1&id=178793&usrsess=1|title=Veteran critic Subbudu dead|access-date=9 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929103029/http://www.thestatesman.net/page.arcview.php?clid=1&id=178793&usrsess=1|archive-date=29 September 2007}}</ref>
|death_date={{death date and age|2007|3|29|1917|3|27}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2007/20070408/spectrum/main6.htm|title=Critic with a cutting edge|access-date=9 December 2023|work=Tribune India|date=8 April 2007}}</ref>
}}
'''P. V. Subramaniam''' popularly known as '''Subbudu''' (27 March 1917 – 29 March 2007) was an Indian dance and music critic.

==Early life==
Subbudu was born in a [[brahmin]] family<ref>{{Cite web|date=2017-04-10|title=Kishori Amonkar soared despite media neglect of classical music|url=https://zeenews.india.com/blogs/kishori-amonkar-soared-despite-media-neglect-of-classical-music-1994627.html|access-date=2022-02-16|website=Zee News|language=en}}</ref> who spent his early life in [[Burma]] (present name [[Myanmar]]).<ref name=su /> In the wake of the World War II, under general evacuation orders by the British, his family left Burma, undertaking a long and hard journey on foot through the [[North-East India]]. In India, first he moved to [[Shimla]] and soon blossomed into a cultural critic, when he started commenting on local [[carnatic music]] soirees. Soon [[Kalki]] the Tamil magazine started by [[Kalki Krishnamurthy]] and [[T. Sadasivam]]. published his first full-fledged review. A chance meeting with [[V K Narayana Menon]], the then deputy director of [[All India Radio]] resulted in Subbudu's appointment as dance and music critic for the newspaper [[The Statesman (India)|The Statesman]].

==Music and dance critic==

In a career that spanned more than 50 years, Subbudu's acerbic wit and deep knowledge of music made many readers look forward to his views. But he also made many enemies. A board saying "Dogs and Subbudu not allowed," was hung outside the [[Madras Music Academy]] in [[Chennai]] during the 1980s. An example of his commenting is what Subbudu said about the doyen of Carnatic Music, [[Semmangudi Srinivasa Iyer]]: "Even the dreaded [[Emergency]] has come to an end, but there seems to be no end of Semmangudi". Madras Music Academy convened an emergency meeting to condemn Subbudu and reaffirm their faith in the greatness of Semmangudi. He was no mere wielder of an acid pen; he had deep insight into both arts—dance and music—he commented upon. For example, he compared the Hindustani and Carnatic Systems of Music and brought out strengths and weaknesses of both system in the following few words:
"I am also listening Hindustani music from my birth. I am also commenting upon them in Delhi papers. I am writing without being afraid of any one. In fact, there is nothing great in Hindustani music apart from the purity of the
shruti. It is because of the lack of purity of [[śruti]] that South Indian music is not perhaps
appreciated in the North. Further in Hindustani music, every artist specializes in specific
aspect – khayal, dhrupad, thapa, thumri etc. So far as rhythm ([[Tala (music)|tala]]) is concerned, they
are still at an elementary level".<ref>Subramaniam P V ''Isai Thukatai'' (Tamil), p. 153</ref>

In the early 1990s, Subbudu was the prominent critic of [[A. R. Rahman]]'s [[syncretic]] music style. He lambasted the maestro for ''drowning the lyrics with gadgetry''.

He has appeared as himself in the Tamil film [[Ivan (2002 film)|Ivan]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/fr/2002/04/26/stories/2002042600970400.htm |title=The Hindu : A success team reunites |website=www.thehindu.com |access-date=17 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020621130404/http://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/fr/2002/04/26/stories/2002042600970400.htm |archive-date=21 June 2002 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Notes==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://www.tribuneindia.com/2007/20070408/spectrum/main6.htm] TRIBUTE TO SUBBUDU
* [http://www.thestatesman.net/page.arcview.php?clid=2&id=178806&usrsess=1]. Fearless Pioneer of Art Criticism: ''The Statesman''
* [http://cvc.nic.in/vscvc/cvcspeeches/sp5apr02.pdf] Subbudu: A Tribute by N Vittal

===Books on Subbudu===

'''Biography''': Beyond Destiny : Singh, Lada Guruden, ''The Life and Times of Subbudu'' Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan, Mumbai. 2005. 265 p.

{{DEFAULTSORT:Subramaniam (Subbudu), P.V.}}
[[Category:1917 births]]
[[Category:2007 deaths]]
[[Category:Indian music critics]]
[[Category:Dance critics]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Sangeet Natak Akademi Award]]

List of Bal Sahitya Puraskar winners for Nepali

2025-12-16T18:22:20Z

Vilianaizi: Put up new bio

{{Short description|Winners of a literary honour in India}}
{{Sahitya Akademi Awards}}
'''Bal Sahitya Puraskar''' is given each year to writers for their outstanding works in the 24 languages, since 2010.

== Recipients ==
Following is the list of recipients of [[Bal Sahitya Puraskar]] for their works written in [[Nepali language|Nepali]]. The award comprises a cash prize of [[Indian rupee|Rs]]. 50,000 and an engraved copper plaque.<ref name="the quint">{{cite web |title=Sahitya Akademi announces Bal, Yuva Puraskar for 2018 |url=https://www.thequint.com/hotwire-text/sahitya-akademi-announces-bal-yuva-puraskar-for-2018 |website=www.thequint.com |date=2018-06-22 |access-date=1 December 2022}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Year
! Author
! Work
! Genre
! class="unsortable" |References
|-
| 2010 || Naina Singh Yonzan || Total Contribution to Children's Literature || ||
|-
| 2011 || Snehalata Rai || ''Bal Suman'' || Poetry ||
|-
| 2012 || Shishupal Sharma || ''Bal Kavita Kosheli'' || Poetry ||
|-
| 2013 || Bhotu Pradhan || Total Contribution to Children's Literature || || <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.sahitya-akademi.gov.in/e-newsletter/October-December_2013_Newsletter.pdf |title=Fourth Sahitya Akademi Bal Sahitya Puraskar for 2013 were presented to twenty four writers in Indian languages recognised by the Akademi in a grand function held on 15 November 2013 at Goa State Museum Auditorium, Panaji, Goa |access-date=29 June 2023}}</ref>
|-
| 2014 || Munni Sapkota || ''Junkiri'' || Stories || <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://sahitya-akademi.gov.in/sahitya-akademi/e-newsletter/Nov-Dec_2014_NewsLetter.pdf |title=Bal Sahitya Puraskar November 2014, Awards Presentation Ceremony |access-date=6 June 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180714091455/http://www.sahitya-akademi.gov.in/sahitya-akademi/e-newsletter/Nov-Dec_2014_NewsLetter.pdf |archive-date=14 July 2018 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|-
| 2015 || Mukti Upadhyay || ''Malati'' || || <ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=http://sahitya-akademi.gov.in/e-newsletter/sep-dec_2015_NewsLetter.pdf|title=Sahitya Akademi Newsletter|website=www.sahitya-akademi.gov.in|access-date=|archive-date=|page=4-5}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Sahitya Akademi announced Bal Sahitya Puraskar for the year 2015 |url=https://www.jagranjosh.com/current-affairs/sahitya-akademi-announced-bal-sahitya-puraskar-for-the-year-2015-1435216949-1 |website=www.jagranjosh.com |date=25 June 2015 |access-date=13 December 2022}}</ref>
|-
| 2016 || Shankardeo Dhakal || ''Bal Sudha Sagar'' || Stories ||
|-
| 2017 || Shanti Chettri || Total Contribution to Children's Literature || ||
|-
| 2018 || Bhim Pradhan || ''Baal Koseli'' || Short Stories || <ref name="the quint"/>
|-
| 2019 || Bhabilal Lamichhane || ''Chara Ko Chirbir Bhura ko Kirkir'' || Poetry ||
|-
| 2020 || Dhruba Chouhan || ''Akshar Ujyalo'' || ||
|-
| 2021 || Sudarshan Ambatey || ''Jhyaunkiri ra Juunkiri'' || Poetry ||
|-
| 2022 || Meena Subba || ''Kopilaka Rangharu'' || Poetry || <ref>{{cite news |title=मराठी भाषेसाठी बाल साहित्य पुरस्कार |url=https://www.adda247.com/mr/jobs/bal-sahitya-puraskar-2022/ |access-date=13 December 2022 |work=www.adda247.com |date=3 September 2022}}</ref>
|-
| 2023 || Madhusudan Bisht || ''Bal Ekanki Natakharu'' || Play || <ref>{{cite web |title=Sahitya Akademi Bal Sahitya Puraskar 2023 |url=https://www.sahitya-akademi.gov.in/pdf/Pressrelease_BSP-2023.pdf |website=sahitya-akademi.gov.in |access-date=29 June 2023}}</ref>
|-
| 2024 || Basanta Thapa || ''Desh Ra Fuchhey'' || Poetry ||<ref>{{cite news |title=Sahitya Akademi announces Yuva Puraskar, Bal Sahitya Puraskar winners for 2024 |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/sahitya-akademi-announces-yuva-puraskar-bal-sahitya-puraskar-winners-for-2024/article68293703.ece |access-date=15 June 2024 |publisher=www.thehindu.com |date=15 June 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Sahitya Akademi announces Yuva Puraskar, Bal Sahitya Puraskar winners for 2024 |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/india/sahitya-akademi-announces-yuva-puraskar-bal-sahitya-puraskar-winners-for-2024/articleshow/111018778.cms |access-date=15 June 2024 |publisher=economictimes.indiatimes.com |date=15 June 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Sahitya Akademi announces Yuva Puraskar, Bal Sahitya Puraskar winners for 2024 |url=https://theprint.in/india/sahitya-akademi-announces-yuva-puraskar-bal-sahitya-puraskar-winners-for-2024/2132795/ |access-date=15 June 2024 |publisher=theprint.in |date=15 June 2024}}</ref>
|-
| 2025 || Sangmu Lepcha || ''Shanti Van'' || Novel || <ref>{{cite web |title=Bal Sahitya Puraskar 2025 |url=https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2138824 |website=pib.gov.in |access-date=28 October 2025}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Sahitya Akademi 2025: Yuva, Bal Sahitya Puraskar Winners Announced |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/india/sahitya-akademi-announces-bal-sahitya-yuva-puraskar-for-2025-3591773 |access-date=28 October 2025 |website=Deccan Herald |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Arora |first1=Sumit |title=Bal Sahitya Puraskar 2025 Winners Announced |url=https://currentaffairs.adda247.com/bal-sahitya-puraskar-2025-winners-announced-complete-list-of-24-award-recipients/ |access-date=28 October 2025 |agency=Adda 24x7 Current Affairs |date=19 June 2025}}</ref>
|-
|}

== See also ==
* [[List of Sahitya Akademi Award winners for Nepali]]

== References ==
{{Portal|India|Literature}}

{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* [http://sahitya-akademi.gov.in/awards/bal%20sahitya%20samman_suchi.jsp Bal Sahitya Puraskar-Sahitya Akademi India - Official Website]
[[Category:Indian literary awards]]
[[Category:Literary awards by language]]
[[Category:Lists of Indian award winners]]
[[Category:Nepali literary institutions]]
[[Category:Bal Sahitya Puraskar by language]]

Eparchy of Satna

2025-11-27T01:38:06Z

Vilianaizi:

{{Short description|Eastern Catholic ecclesiastical province in Madhya Pradesh, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2019}}
{{Infobox diocese
|jurisdiction = Eparchy
|name = Satna
|local = सतना के सूबा
|country = [[India]]
|metropolitan =
|province = [[Syro-Malabar Catholic Archeparchy of Ujjain|Archeparchy of Ujjain]]
|rite = [[East Syriac rite]]
|area_km2 = 45,188
|population = 1,11,20,815
|population_as_of = 2010
|catholics = 2,757
|catholics_percent= 0.0
|cathedral = Cathedral of St Vincent [in Satna]
|patron = [[St Vincent de Paul]]
| pope = Mar {{Incumbent pope}} 
| patriarch =
| major_archbishop = [[Raphael Thattil]]
|metro_archbishop = Sebastian Vadakel MST
| bishop = Joseph Kodakallil
|emeritus_bishops = Mathew Vaniakizhakkel
|website = [http://satnadiocese.org/ Website of the Diocese]
|image=Satna diocese.png|denomination=
|map=Map of Syro-Malabar Catholic Eparchy of Satna.png
}}
The '''Eparchy of Satna''' is an [[Eastern Catholic]] [[eparchy]] in [[India]], under the [[Syro-Malabar Catholic Church]] based in the town of [[Satna]]. It was erected on February 26, 1977. It is spread out in the northern part of the state Madhya Pradesh. It is made a suffragan eparchy of the Archeparchy of Ujjain after its half-century of evanglization in Madhyapradesh. It was erected exarchate and entrusted to the clerical society of Vincentian Congregation of St.Thomas region based in Rewa (now it is shifted to Ujwa P.O., New Delhi after it was raised to the statues of a Province and the number of diocesan priests increased) by the Holy See on 29 July 1968 by the [[papal bull]] '''''In More Est''''' of Pope Paul VI. Msgr Abraham D Mattam of Vincentian Congregation was nominated its first Apostolic Exarch on 15 August 1968.

The exarchate was raised to the rank of an Eparchy on 12 March 1977 by the Papal Bull '''''Ecclesiarum Orientalium''''' of Pope Paul Vi and Mar Abraham D Mattam was appointed the first Eparch of Satna. The Installation and erection of the Eparchy took place on 31 July 1977.

After his retirement Rev Fr Mathew Vaniakizhakkel VC was appointed the second Eparch of Satna on 14 January 2000 and was consecrated and installed on 12 April 2000 as the Bishop successor Mar Abraham D Mattam. He completed 14 years shepherding the Eparchy as a facilitating bishop and pastor. He renounced his office as the bishop of Satna on 27 August 2014.

On 2 September 2014, the college of Eparchial Consultors elected Very Rev Fr George Mangalapilly as the Administrator of the Eparchy.

On 22 July 2015 Fr Joseph Kodakallil was appointed the third bishop of Satna. He was consecrated and installed on 15 September 2015.

The territory of the Eparchy of Satna is reorganized by including, together with the ten civil districts of Madhya Pradesh already under its jurisdiction-Chhatarpur, Rewa, Panna, Satna, Sidhi, Tikamgarh, Singrauli, Niwari, Maihar and Mauganj the following 9 civil districts of Madhya Pradesh: Jabalpur, Mandla, Shahdol, Dindori, Umaria, Katni, Anuppur, Damoh, and Narsinghpur, as well as 6 civil districts of Uttar Pradesh: Jhansi, Jalaun, Banda, Chitrakoot, Hamirpur, and Mahoba.

==External links==
* [http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/diocese/dstsm.html Syro-Malabar Catholic Diocese of Satna Catholic-Hierarchy]

{{Syro-Malabar Catholic Church Hierarchy}}

{{coord missing|Madhya Pradesh}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Satna}}
[[Category:Eastern Catholic dioceses in India]]
[[Category:Syro-Malabar Catholic dioceses]]
[[Category:Christian organizations established in 1977]]
[[Category:Roman Catholic dioceses and prelatures established in the 20th century]]
[[Category:Christianity in Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:1977 establishments in Madhya Pradesh]]

{{SyroMalabar-diocese-stub}}

Dineshchandra Sircar

2025-11-13T07:20:54Z

Vilianaizi: updated page

{{short description|Indian epigraphist, historian, numismatist and folklorist (1907–1985)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2019}}
{{infobox person
| name = Dineshchandra Sircar
| birth_date = 1907
| birth_place = [[Krishnanagar, Nadia|Krishnanagar]], [[Bengal Presidency]], [[British India]]<ref name=bangla/>
| death_date = {{death year and age|1985|1907}}<ref name=bangla>{{cite web|url=http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Sircar,_Dineschandra|title=Sircar, Dineschandra|publisher=Banglapedia|access-date=25 September 2015|author=Ranabir Chakravarti}}</ref>
| death_place = [[Calcutta, India]]
| occupation = Historian, epigraphist
}}
'''Dineshchandra Sircar''' (1907–1985), also known as '''D. C. Sircar''' or '''D. C. Sarkar''', was an [[Epigraphy|epigraphist]], historian, [[Numismatist (specialist)|numismatist]] and [[Folklore studies|folklorist]], known particularly in [[India]] and [[Bangladesh]] for his work deciphering inscriptions. He was the Chief Epigraphist of the [[Archaeological Survey of India]] (1949–1962), [[Carmichael Professor of Ancient Indian History and Culture]] at the [[University of Calcutta]] (1962–1972) and the General President of the [[Indian History Congress]]. In 1972, Sircar was awarded the [[William Jones (philologist)|Sir William Jones]] Memorial Plaque.{{cn|date=January 2023}}

==Early life and education==
Sircar was born in Krishnanagar in 1907, which is in present day West Bengal (India).<ref>{{Cite book |last=Thapar |first=Romila |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4WhuAAAAMAAJ |title=Reading History from Inscriptions |date=2002 |publisher=K.P. Bagchi & Company |isbn=978-81-7074-251-7 |language=en}}</ref>

==Selected bibliography==

He authored more than forty books both in [[Bengali language|Bengali]] and [[English language|English]]. Some of his best known books include:

* ''Pala-purva Yuger Vamsanucarita'' ("Genealogy of Pre-Pala Age" in Bengali)<ref>পাল-পূর্ব যুগের বংশানুচরিত</ref>
* ''Pala-Sena Yuger Vamsanucarita'' ("Genealogy of Pala-Sena Age" in Bengali)<ref>[https://library.isical.ac.in/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=121411 পাল-সেন যুগের বংশানুচরিত]</ref>
* ''Asoker Vani'' ("Sermons of [[Ashoka]]" in Bengali)<ref>[https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.298821 অশোকের বাণী]</ref>
* ''Silalekha-Tamrasasanadir Prasanga'' ("On Stone and Copperplate Inscriptions" in Bengali)<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://weblibnet.blacal.org/vufind/Record/KohaSSC.24797 |title=শিলালেখ-তাম্রশাসনাদির প্রসঙ্গ}}</ref>
* ''Prachin Itihaser Kahini'' ("Story of Ancient History" in Bengali)<ref>প্রাচীন ইতিহাসের কাহিনী</ref>
* ''Sanskritik Itihaser Prasanga'' ("On Cultural History", two volumes in Bengali)<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://weblibnet.blacal.org/vufind/Record/KohaGDC.14378 |title=সাংস্কৃতিক ইতিহাসের প্রসঙ্গ |publisher=কলকাতা সাহিত্যলোক ১৩৮৯ ব., পুন. ১৪২৩ ব.}}</ref>
* ''Select Inscriptions Bearing on Indian History and Civilisation'' (two volumes)
* ''Indian Epigraphy'' (1965)
* ''Indian Epigraphical Glossary''
* ''Inscriptions of Asoka'',
* ''Epigraphical Discoveries in East Pakistan''
* ''Studies in the Geography of Ancient and Medieval India''
* ''Some Epigraphical Records of the Mediaeval Period from Eastern India''
* ''Studies in Indian Coins''
* ''Journal of Ancient Indian History'' Ed.
* ''The Early Pallavas'' (1935)
* ''The Successors of the Satvahana in Lower Deccan'' (1939)
* ''Successors of the Satvahana in the eastern Deccan'' (1935)
* ''Social Life in Ancient India'' (1971)

He edited ''[[Epigraphia Indica]]'' volumes XXVIII to XXXVI, three of them jointly and the others independently.<ref>Prominent Epigraphists, Archaeological Survey of India, http://asi.nic.in/asi_epigraphical_sans_epigraphists.asp</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Further reading==
* {{cite book|first= Sachindra Kumar|last= Maity |author2=Thakur, Upendra |author3=Sircar, D.C.|title = Indological Studies: Prof. D.C. Sircar Commemoration Volume|publisher = Abhinav Publications| year = 1987| isbn = 81-7017-220-9}}
* {{cite book |author=Gouriswar Bhattacharya |title=Deyadharma: Studies in Memory of Dr. D.C. Sircar (Sri Garib Dass Oriental Series, No 33) |publisher=Orient Book Distributors |year=1986 |isbn=81-7030-021-5 }}

==External links==
{{Wikiquote}}
* {{cite web|url=http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Sircar,_Dineschandra|title=Sircar, Dineschandra|publisher=Banglapedia|author=Ranabir Chakravarti}}
* [http://asi.nic.in/asi_epigraphical_sans_epigraphists.asp Prominent epigraphists] at [[Archaeological Survey of India]].

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sircar, D.C}}
[[Category:1907 births]]
[[Category:1984 deaths]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian historians]]
[[Category:Academic staff of the University of Calcutta]]
[[Category:Scholars from West Bengal]]
[[Category:Bengali historians]]
[[Category:Bengali writers]]
[[Category:Bengali Hindus]]
[[Category:20th-century Bengali people]]
[[Category:Indian epigraphers]]
[[Category:Indian Marxist historians]]
[[Category:West Bengal academics]]

{{India-historian-stub}}

Breswana

2025-10-26T10:46:40Z

Vilianaizi: data

{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Breswana
| official_name =
| native_name = Breswunni
| native_name_lang = [[Kashmiri language|Kashmiri]]
| other_name =
| settlement_type = Village
| image_skyline =
| pushpin_map = India Jammu and Kashmir#India
| pushpin_label = 
| pushpin_map_caption = Breswana ([[Doda district|Doda]], [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]])
| coordinates = {{coord|33.188|N|75.709|E|region:IN|format=dms|display=inline, title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = [[India]]
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and union territories of India|Union Territory]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]]
| subdivision_type2=[[Region]]
| subdivision_name2=[[Saraz region|Saraz]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[List of districts of Jammu and Kashmir|District]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[Doda district|Doda]]
| subdivision_type4=[[Tehsil]]
| subdivision_name4= Mahalla
|established_title = Founded
| established_date = early 1900
| elevation_footnotes = <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.hajipublicschool.org/location.html|title=Location}}</ref>
| elevation_m =
| elevation_ft = 7500
| population_footnotes =
| population_total =
| population_as_of =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 182201
| blank_name_sec1 = Languages
| blank_info_sec1 = [[Kashmiri language|Kashmiri]], [[Urdu]] [[Sarazi]]
}}
'''Breswana''' is a remote Himalayan village in the [[Doda district]] of the [[Jammu division]] of [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]], India. The village is located {{convert|7,500|ft|m}} above sea level. Breswana village is accessed via trails from Premnagar, the closest town. [[Kashmiri language|Kashmiri]] is the main language of the area. People also use [[Urdu]] as a secondary language.

==Geography==
It is located in [[Saraz region]] and is about {{convert|3|km|miles}} away from the last motorable point,<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://www.theweekendleader.com/Dreams/917/schooling-change.html|title=Schooling change|website=www.theweekendleader.com|access-date=2016-12-30}}</ref> at the wooden bridge over the river [[Chenab River|Chenab]] in the town of Premnagar, which is about {{convert|15|km|miles}} from [[Doda, Jammu and Kashmir|Doda]]. Now road bridge three Kilometers from Premnagar ([[Doda district]]) built near Sheva Dal village which shortened it's traveling time. There are three legs of the journey from city to village:
* [[Jammu]] to [[Doda, Jammu and Kashmir|Doda]]: 183 km by road
* [[Doda, Jammu and Kashmir|Doda]] to Premnagar: 15 km by road
* Premnagar to Breswana: 7 km on foot or horseback.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=http://www.tehelka.com/2013/08/igniting-minds-of-a-new-generation-in-breswana/|title=Igniting minds of a new generation in Breswana {{!}} Riyaz Wani {{!}} Tehelka - Investigations, Latest News, Politics, Analysis, Blogs, Culture, Photos, Videos, Podcasts|website=www.tehelka.com|access-date=2016-12-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161231075434/http://www.tehelka.com/2013/08/igniting-minds-of-a-new-generation-in-breswana/|archive-date=31 December 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://hajipublicschool.org|title=HAJI PUBLIC SCHOOL|website=HAJI PUBLIC SCHOOL|access-date=2016-12-30}}</ref>

===Alternate Road===
* Sheva Dal to Brewana: After reaching Premnagar, there is Sheva Dal three km by road towards east from Premnagar. The Sheva Dal Bridge or Sheva Pull is now a working bridge which connects [[National Highway 244]] with Mahalla tehsil of Doda district.

== Education ==
* [[Haji Public School]]<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" />

== See also ==
* [[Sabbah Haji]]
* [[Haji Public School]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Villages in Doda district]]
[[Category:Chenab Valley]]

Bahmani–Vijayanagar War (1417–1419)

2025-10-26T01:10:27Z

Vilianaizi: new new data

{{Short description|War between the Vijayanagara Empire and Bahamani Sultanate}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2025}}
{{Infobox military conflict
| conflict = Bahamani-Vijayanagra War (1417–1419)
| place = [[Telangana]], [[Karnataka]], [[Maharashtra]]
| partof = [[Bahmani–Vijayanagar War (disambiguation)|Bahmani–Vijayanagar Wars]]
| date = 1417–1419
| result = [[Vijayanagara Empire|Vijayanagara]] victory<ref>{{Cite web |title=India - Deccan, Bahmani, Consolidation {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/India/Bahmani-consolidation-of-the-Deccan |access-date=2024-03-07 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}</ref>
| combatant1 = [[Bahamani Sultanate]]
| combatant2 = [[Vijayanagara Empire]] [[Recherla Nayakas]]
| commander1 = [[Taj ud-Din Firuz Shah|Firoz Shah Bahmani]]
| commander2 = [[Deva Raya I]]
| territory = The [[Vijayanagara Empire]] annexed territory stretching from the [[Krishna River]] to the [[Tungabhadra River]] doab, which included the capture of the Pangal fort.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Majumdar |first=R. C. |url=http://archive.org/details/delhisultanate00bhar |title=History and Culture of the Indian People, Volume 06,The Delhi Sultanate |date=1967 |publisher=Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan |others=Public Resource |pages=287}}</ref>
| casualties3 = During the war, Vijayanagara forces massacred Muslims on the battlefield and displayed their heads across the field.<ref name=":0"/><ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=Chandra |first=Satish |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=L5eFzeyjBTQC |title=Medieval India: From Sultanat to the Mughals-Delhi Sultanat (1206-1526) - Part One |date=2004 |publisher=Har-Anand Publications |isbn=978-81-241-1064-5 |pages=180 |language=en}}</ref>
}}

The '''Bahmani–Vijayanagar War''' began with the Siege of Pangal, where [[Taj ud-Din Firuz Shah|Sultan Firuz Shah]] of the [[Bahmani Sultanate]] attempted to capture the fort. They faced setbacks, including a disease outbreak among their ranks, leading to the failure of the siege. In response, [[Deva Raya I]] of the Vijayanagara Empire launched a successful counteroffensive, defeating Sultan Firuz Shah in a decisive battle. This victory dealt a significant blow to the Bahmani Sultanate, ultimately leading to Firuz Shah's demise and further weakening of his empire.

Following the victory, Deva Raya I expanded his territorial control, extending [[Vijayanagara Empire|Vijayanagara's]] domain up to the [[Krishna River|Krishna]]-[[Tungabhadra River|Tungabhadra]] river doab region. This expansion included the capture of [[Pangala|Pangal]], which had been a focal point of the conflict. The successful outcome of the war significantly bolstered the power and influence of the Vijayanagara Empire in the region. In the aftermath, Muslim soldiers' severed heads were put on display at the battlefield as a reminder of Vijayanagara's triumph.

== Background ==

=== Siege of Pangal ===
[[Taj ud-Din Firuz Shah]] initiated a siege on the fort of [[Pangala|Pangal]], which was under the control of the [[Recherla Nayakas]]. It lasted two years, while a disease outbreak within the [[Bahmani Sultanate]] camp weakened his forces, leading to his failure to capture the fort and subsequent heavy losses.<ref name=":3">{{Cite book |last=Sharma |first=M. H. Rāma |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Fw5DAAAAYAAJ&q=seventh+bahamani+war |title=The History of the Vijayanagar Empire: Beginnings and expansion, 1308-1569 |date=1978 |publisher=Popular Prakashan |pages=50–51 |language=en}}</ref> Taking advantage of this vulnerable situation, the king of [[Vijayanagara Empire|Vijayanagar]] sought revenge for previous humiliations suffered during the previous war, pursuing and defeating [[Taj ud-Din Firuz Shah|Sultan Feroz]]. Reports suggest that treachery within the [[Bahmani Sultanate|Bahamani]] camp contributed significantly to this defeat.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Gopal |first=M. H. |url=http://archive.org/details/dli.bengal.10689.12385 |title=THE HISTORY OF VIJAYANAGAR EMPIRE VOL.1 |date=1956 |publisher=POPULAR PRAKASHAN,BOMBAY |pages=50}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Haig |first=Wolseley |url=http://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.46989 |title=Cambridge History Of India Vol. 2 |date=1925 |pages=393}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Viswanath Iyyer P.s |url=http://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.71664 |title=Relives Of Vijayanagar Glory Or Relics Of The Picturess |date=1949 |pages=48}}</ref>

== War ==
The two-year siege was impregnable, causing great distress to the besiegers due to famine and disease. [[Deva Raya I|Devaraya]], bolstered by fresh forces and Hindu chiefs like the Velamas, encircled the besieging army. As the Muslim army weakened and [[Vijayanagara Empire|Vijayanagara]] reinforcements arrived, the garrison sallied from the fort, attacking the enemy camp.<ref name=":2" /> Caught between two Hindu forces, the Bahmani army was routed, and the [[Taj ud-Din Firuz Shah|Sultan]] fled. [[Deva Raya I|Devaraya I]] exploited this victory to regain control over the [[Krishna River|Krishna]]-[[Tungabhadra River|Tungabhadra]] region.<ref name=":2">{{Cite book |last=Majumdar |first=R. C. |url=http://archive.org/details/delhisultanate00bhar |title=History and Culture of the Indian People, Volume 06,The Delhi Sultanate |date=1967 |publisher=Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan |others=Public Resource |pages=287}}</ref>

The result of [[Taj ud-Din Firuz Shah|Sultan Feroz's]] defeat was dire, as [[Deva Raya I|Deva Raya]], the king of [[Vijayanagara Empire|Vijayanagar]], retaliated by orchestrating a general massacre of Muslims, using their heads to create a gruesome platform on the battlefield.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=Chandra |first=Satish |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=L5eFzeyjBTQC |title=Medieval India: From Sultanat to the Mughals-Delhi Sultanat (1206-1526) - Part One |date=2004 |publisher=Har-Anand Publications |isbn=978-81-241-1064-5 |pages=180 |language=en}}</ref> His forces pursued the Sultan's retreating army into their own territory, inflicting further devastation by razing mosques, holy sites, and mercilessly slaughtering civilians. Even regions as far as [[Konkan]], including Chowl and [[Dabhol]], fell victim to the Hindu army's aggression.<ref name=":3" /> In a state of desperation, [[Taj ud-Din Firuz Shah|Sultan Feroz]] sought assistance from the [[Gujarat Sultanate|Sultan of Gujarat]], only to find the newly ascended monarch unable to provide aid.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Gopal |first=M. H. |url=http://archive.org/details/dli.bengal.10689.12385 |title=THE HISTORY OF VIJAYANAGAR EMPIRE VOL.1 |date=1956 |publisher=POPULAR PRAKASHAN,BOMBAY |pages=51}}</ref>

== Aftermath ==
The series of reverses suffered by [[Taj ud-Din Firuz Shah|Firuz Shah]] ultimately led to his demise. Mirat-i-Sikandari records that Sultan Feroz had led an army against [[Vijayanagara Empire|Vijayanagar]] and was defeated in battle. Fortunately for him, [[Ahmad Shah I|Sultan Ahmad of Gujarat]], bound by a friendly alliance, dispatched a substantial army to his aid. By the time that army reached the fort of Thallir, [[Taj ud-Din Firuz Shah|Sultan Feroz]] had already died, and his brother, [[Ahmad Shah I Wali|Sultan Ahmad Shah Bahamani]], had ascended to power. In acknowledgment of the support received, [[Ahmad Shah I Wali|Sultan Ahmad Shah Wali]] sent valuable gifts to [[Ahmad Shah I|Sultan Ahmad of Gujarat]] and sent his army back.<ref name=":0"/> [[Deva Raya I]] came to control territory up to the [[Krishna River]] - [[Tungabhadra River]] doab including Pangal.<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite book |last=Chaurasia |first=Radhey Shyam |title=History of medieval India: from 1000 A.D. to 1707 A.D |date=2002 |publisher=Atlantic |isbn=978-81-269-0123-4 |location=New Delhi}}</ref> However, all the territory captured by Deva Raya was lost by his son [[Vira Vijaya]] to Ahmad Shah during the [[Siege of Vijayanagar]] in 1423.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=94qOZORGURcC |title=The Cambridge History of India: Turks and Afghans, edited by W. Haig |date=1928 |publisher=University Press |language=en}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Battles involving the Vijayanagara Empire]]
[[Category:Wars involving the Bahmani Sultanate]]

Assamese

2025-10-01T06:02:56Z

Vilianaizi:

{{wiktionary|Assamese}}
'''Assamese''' may refer to:

* [[Assamese people]], a socio-ethnolinguistic identity of north-eastern India
* [[People of Assam]], multi-ethnic, multi-linguistic and multi-religious people of Assam
* [[Assamese language]], one of the easternmost Indo-Aryan languages
* [[Assamese script]], a writing system of the Assamese language
** [[Assamese (Unicode block)]]
* [[Culture of Assam]], the culture of Assamese people
* [[Assamese cuisine]], a style of cooking
* [[Assam tea]], a black tea
* [[Assam silk]], three types of indigenous wild silk

==See also==
*[[Asamiya (disambiguation)]]
*[[Assam (disambiguation)]]

{{disambiguation}}
[[Category:Language and nationality disambiguation pages]]

Badli

2025-09-30T04:15:18Z

Vilianaizi: improved article

{{short description|Village in Delhi, India}}
{{about|the village in Delhi|the village in Haryana|Badli, Jhajjar|the village in Punjab|Badli, Shahkot}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2018}}

'''Badli''' is a Village located in [[Rohini, Delhi|Rohini]], [[North West Delhi|North West District]] of Union Territory of Delhi, India. Three Metro Station are Nearly is [[Rohini Sector 18, 19 metro station|Rohini Sector 18, 19 Metro Station]], [[Haiderpur Badli Mor metro station|Haiderpur Badli Mor Metro Station]] and [[Samaypur Badli metro station|Samaypur Badli Metro Station]].

==Geography==
Badli is a village in the [[North West Delhi]] district of Delhi, India. It is located 9 kilometres to the east of [[Kanjhawala]], the district headquarters.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.105629|title=Gazetteers Of The Rohtak District 1883-84|date=1895}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Ibbetson|first=Denzil|url=https://archive.org/details/panjabcastes00ibbe|title=Panjab castes|date=1916|publisher=Lahore : Printed by the Superintendent, Government Printing, Punjab|others=University of California Libraries}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.105629/page/n79|title=Gazetteers of the Rohtak District 1883-84|pages=63|year=1895}}</ref>

==Demographics==
{{unreferenced section|date=October 2021}}
[[File:Delhimap.jpg|thumb|200px|Map of Delhi showing location of Badli]]
Badli is now an urban village, having lost its most of the land through the [[Government of India|Government]] acquisition for the development of [[Rohini, Delhi|Rohini]]. It has a [[Indian Railways|railway]] and [[Delhi Metro|metro rail]] station.

Badli now is an assembly constituency being represented by the two times councilor and present [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|MLA]] sh. [[Ajesh Yadav]]. The constituency consists of two urban villages namely Badli and [[Samaypur]], while also including three rural villages: [[Libas Pur|Libaspur]], [[Siras Pur|Siraspur]], and [[Bhalswa Jahangir Pur|Bhalswa]].

It has two resettlement colonies: Bhalswa & Jahangirpuri. It also has around 32 unauthorised colonies.

==Administration==
Member of the Legislative Assembly from Badli is Gajendra Yadav of [[Bharatiya Janata Party]], who won in [[2025 Delhi Legislative Assembly election]] for the first time.<ref>{{cite news |title=Badli Election Result 2020 Live Updates: Ajesh Yadav Of AAP Wins |url=https://www.news18.com/news/india/badli-election-result-2020-live-updates-ajesh-yadav-of-aap-leading-2495373.html |access-date=9 March 2020 |work=News18 |date=14 February 2020}}</ref> In [[2015 Delhi Legislative Assembly election|2015]] Yadav defeated then incumbent [[Devender Yadav]] of INC.<ref>[http://www.india.com/news/india/delhi-assembly-election-constituency-wise-results-2015-complete-list-of-winning-mlas-277522/ "Delhi Assembly Election Constituency Wise Results 2015: Complete list of winning MLAs"]. ''India.com''.</ref>

==Badli Industrial Area==
Badli Industrial Area is one of the important Industrial areas of [[Amritsar Delhi Kolkata Industrial Corridor]], of [[North Delhi]] Badli village is an urban village of North West Delhi located near [[Delhi Technological University]] (formerly Delhi College of Engineering or DCE). Badli is nearby NH 1 with Rohini on east, [[Samaypur#Samaypur Industrial Area|Samaypur Industrial Area]] at [[Samaypur]] on west, the outer ring road forms the north boundary.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20080216014319/http://www.delhigovt.nic.in/dept/industries/faq.asp Government of Delhi : Government Departments : Industries : Frequently Asked Question : Land Branch]. delhigovt.nic.in</ref>

[[Kundli#Kundli Industrial Area|Kundli Industrial Area]], [[Delhi Western Peripheral Expressway]] and [[Rajiv Gandhi Education City, Sonipat|Rajiv Gandhi Education City]] on [[Grand Trunk Road]] ([[National Highway 44 (India)|NH 44]]) also lie in its vicinity. It is also connected by the under implementation [[Delhi Metro#Haryana|Delhi-Sonipat Metro]] extension of [[Yellow Line (Delhi Metro)|Yellow line]] to be completed in Phase IV by March 2022.<ref name="SonipatMetro">[http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/articleshow/58947659.cms Delhi Metro to be extended till Haryana's Sonepat] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170729003949/http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/articleshow/58947659.cms |date=29 July 2017 }}, [[The Economic Times|Economic Times]], 1 July 2017.</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{coord|28|35|N|76|49|E|display=title|region:IN_type:city_source:GNS-enwiki}}

[[Category:Economy of Delhi]]
[[Category:Villages in North Delhi district]]

A. Nyamnyei Konyak

2025-08-13T08:27:30Z

Vilianaizi:

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2024}}

'''A. Nyamnyei Konyak''' (born 1955)<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=A Nyamnyei Konyak(NPP):Constituency- MOKA (ST)(MON) - Affidavit Information of Candidate: |url=https://myneta.info/Nagaland2023/candidate.php?candidate_id=6896 |access-date=2024-11-09 |website=myneta.info}}</ref> is an Indian politician from [[Nagaland]]. He is a five-time [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|MLA]] from [[Moka Assembly constituency]], which is reserved for [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|Scheduled Tribes]], in [[Mon district|Mon District]]. He won the [[2023 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election]], representing National People's Party.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Members of Nagaland Legislative Assembly {{!}} Nagaland State Portal |url=https://nagaland.gov.in/pages/members-of-nagaland-legislative-assembly |access-date=2024-11-09 |website=nagaland.gov.in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-03-02 |title=Nagaland Election Results 2023: Full List of Winners |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/nagaland-election-results-2023-full-list-of-winners/2997494/ |access-date=2024-11-09 |website=Financialexpress |language=en}}</ref>

== Early life and education ==
Konyak is from [[Moka Assembly constituency|Moka]], Mon District, Nagaland. He is the son of late Anchao Konyak. He passed Class 8 in 1979.<ref name=":0" />

== Career ==
Konyak won from Moka Assembly constituency representing [[National People's Party (India)|National People's Party]] in the 2023 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election. He polled 8,857 votes and defeated his nearest rival and sitting MLA, E. E. Pangteang of the [[Nationalist Democratic Progressive Party]], by a margin of 556 votes.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=A Nyamnyei Konyak in Nagaland Assembly Elections 2023 |url=https://www.news18.com/assembly-elections-2023/nagaland/a-nyamnyei-konyak-moka-candidate-s17a048c003/ |access-date=2024-11-09 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref> Earlier, he had lost to Pangteang in both the [[2008 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election|2008]] and [[2003 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election|2003 Assembly elections]].<ref name=":1" /> He became an MLA for the first time winning the [[1982 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election]] representing [[Naga National Democratic Party]]. In 1982, he polled 2,724 votes and defeated his nearest rival, K. Kiko Konyak, an independent candidate, by 811 votes. He joined [[Indian National Congress]] and retained the seat in the [[1987 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election]]. He regained the seat and won for a third time, also on a Congress ticket, in the 1993 election and won again in the [[1998 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election|1998 election]], but as an independent candidate. Thereafter, Pangteang of [[Naga People's Front]] won four consecutive terms including the [[2018 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election|2018]] poll<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nagaland Election: Moka Assembly constituency result 2023 |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/elections/acno48-acno48.html |access-date=2024-11-09 |website=Deccan Herald |language=en}}</ref> before Konyak regained it in the 2023 Assembly election.<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-03-02 |title=Nagaland Assembly Election results 2023: Check full list of winners |url=https://indianexpress.com/elections/nagaland-assembly-election-results-2023-winners-8473973/ |access-date=2024-11-09 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Konyak, A. Nyamnyei}}
[[Category:1955 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:National People's Party (India) politicians]]
[[Category:Nagaland MLAs 1982–1987]]
[[Category:Nagaland MLAs 1987–1988]]
[[Category:Nagaland MLAs 1993–1998]]
[[Category:Nagaland MLAs 1998–2003]]
[[Category:Nagaland MLAs 2023–2028]]
[[Category:People from Mon district]]

Speciality Restaurants Limited

2025-05-28T11:40:52Z

Vilianaizi:

{{Short description|Indian restaurant company}}{{Multiple issues|
{{More citations needed|date=October 2020}}
{{Primary sources|date=October 2020}}
}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2022}}
{{Infobox company
| name = Speciality Restaurants Limited
| logo = Speciality Restaurants Limited.svg
| logo_size =
| logo_alt =
| logo_caption =
| logo_padding =
| image =
| image_size =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| trading_name =
| native_name =
| native_name_lang = 
| romanized_name =
| former_name =
| type = [[Public company|Public]]
| traded_as = {{BSE|534425}}, {{NSE|SPECIALITY}}
| ISIN = INE247M01014
| industry = [[Foodservice|Food and Beverage]]
| genre = 
| fate =
| predecessor = 
| successor = 
| founded = {{start date|1992}} in [[Mumbai]], [[India]]
| founder = [[Anjan Chatterjee]]
| defunct = 
| hq_location_city = [[Kolkata]]
| hq_location_country = [[India]]
| coordinates =
| num_locations = 25
| num_locations_year = Mar 2015
| area_served = {{ublist|[[India]]|[[Bangladesh]]|[[Dar es Salaam]]}}
| key_people = [[Anjan Chatterjee]] (MD) Susim Mukul Datta (Chairman)
| products =
| brands = Mainland China Mainland China Asia Kitchen Oh! Calcutta Sigree Global Grill Cafe Mezzuna Sweet Bengal Hoppipola Sigree Machaan Haka Flame & Grill Mobifeast
| production = 135+ outlets
| production_year = Feb 2020
| services =
| revenue = {{gain}} [[Indian rupee|INR]] 307.1 crores
| revenue_year = 2014–15
| operating_income =
| income_year =
| net_income = {{loss}} [[Indian rupee|INR]] 9.452 crores
| net_income_year = 2014–15
| aum = 
| assets =
| assets_year = 
| equity = {{Nochange}} [[Indian rupee|INR]] 46.96 crores
| equity_year = 2014–15
| owner = 
| members =
| members_year = 
| num_employees = 4,412
| num_employees_year = Mar 2015
| parent =
| divisions =
| subsid =
| slogan = 
| module = 
| ratio = 
| rating = 
| footnotes =
| intl = 
| website = {{URL|http://www.speciality.co.in/}}
}}

'''Speciality Restaurants Limited''' is an Indian restaurant company that owns multiple chains of [[Types of restaurant#Fine dining|fine]] and [[Types of restaurant#Casual dining|casual]] dining [[restaurant]]s in [[India]], [[Bangladesh]] and [[Tanzania]]. Speciality Restaurants Limited also owns and operates [[confectionery]] stores. The company has its registered office in Kolkata and head office in Mumbai with presence in twenty-five cities across three countries.<ref name="About us">{{cite web|title=About us|publisher=Official website|accessdate=18 February 2017|url=http://www.speciality.co.in/speciality.php}}</ref><ref name="Annual Report 2014-2015">{{cite web|title=Annual report 14-15|publisher=Official website|accessdate=18 February 2017|url=http://www.speciality.co.in/pdf/annual_report/Speciality_Restaurants_Annual_Report_2014-15.pdf}}</ref> Speciality Restaurants Limited is listed on [[Bombay Stock Exchange|BSE]] and [[National Stock Exchange of India|NSE]] stock exchanges of India.<ref name="BSE page">{{cite web|title=BSE page|publisher=[[Bombay Stock Exchange|BSE]] website|accessdate=18 February 2017|url=http://www.bseindia.com/stock-share-price/speciality-restaurants-ltd/speciality/534425/}}</ref><ref name="NSE page">{{cite web|title=NSE website|publisher=[[National Stock Exchange of India|NSE]] website|accessdate=18 February 2017|url=http://www.nseindia.com/live_market/dynaContent/live_watch/get_quote/GetQuote.jsp?symbol=SPECIALITY&illiquid=0&smeFlag=0&itpFlag=0}}</ref>

==History==
Speciality Restaurants Limited was started in 1992 by [[Anjan Chatterjee]]. The company's first restaurant was started in 1992 in Mumbai and was called "Only Fish". In 1994, the company started two new brands "Oh! Calcutta" and "Mainland China" (both in Mumbai). The first outlet of Mainland China was started in [[Saki Naka]]. In 2012, the company got listed on [[Bombay Stock Exchange|BSE]] and [[National Stock Exchange of India|NSE]] stock exchanges of India.<ref name="History">{{cite web|title=History|publisher=Official website|accessdate=18 February 2017|url=http://www.speciality.co.in/our_story.php}}</ref>

==Restaurants and brands==
[[File:Hoppipola logo.jpg|thumb|Hoppipola logo at its outlet in [[Galleria, Powai|Galleria]]]]
Speciality Restaurants Limited owns and operates the following chains of restaurants and brands across multiple locations:<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bseindia.com/bseplus/AnnualReport/534425/5344250319.pdf|title=Speciality Restaurants Ltd. Annual Report 2018-19|date=30 July 2019|website=www.bseindia.com|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2 April 2020}}</ref>
* Cafe Mezzuna: Semi-casual dining restaurant and specializes in [[Mediterranean cuisine|Mediterranean]], [[Moroccan cuisine|Moroccan]], [[Spanish cuisine|Spanish]], [[French cuisine|French]] and [[Italian cuisine|Italian]] cuisines.
* Flame & Grill: Restaurant specializes in [[Kebab]]s.
* Haka: Restaurant specializes in [[Dim sum]]; a style of [[Cantonese cuisine|Cantonese]] cuisine.
* Hoppipola: [[Bar (establishment)|Bar]] offering mostly [[finger food]].
* Mainland China: Flagship restaurant. Restaurant offers [[Chinese cuisine|Chinese]] food and has over 52 outlets.
* Mainland China Asia Kitchen: Offers cuisines from Asia, beyond Chinese.
* Mobifeast:
* Oh! Calcutta
* Sigree
* Sigree Global Grill
* Gong
* Zoodles
* Dariole
* Riyasat
* Episode One
* Hay
* Progressive Oriental House (POH)
* Sweet Bengal: Confectionery.

== References ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Portal bar|India|Food}}

[[Category:Restaurants established in 1992]]
[[Category:Restaurant chains in India]]
[[Category:Companies based in Kolkata]]
[[Category:1992 establishments in Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Indian companies established in 1992]]
[[Category:Companies listed on the National Stock Exchange of India]]
[[Category:Companies listed on the Bombay Stock Exchange]]

Mannar Thrikkuratti Mahadeva Temple

2025-05-10T05:13:08Z

Vilianaizi: minor edit

{{short description|Hindu temple in Kerala, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2023}}
{{Infobox Hindu temple
| name = Mannar Thrikkuratti Mahadeva Temple
| image = File:Trkkrutti temple,.JPG
| alt =
| caption = Main Temple Structure
| map_type = India Kerala
| map_caption = Thrikkuratti Mahadeva Temple, [[Mannar, Alappuzha|Mannar]], [[Alappuzha district|Alappuzha]], [[Kerala]]
| coordinates = {{coord|9.3195895|76.5337397|type:landmark_region:IN|display=inline,title}}
| other_names =
| country = {{Flag|India}}
| state = [[Kerala]]
| district = [[Alleppey District|Alappuzha]]
| location = [[Mannar, Alappuzha|Mannar]], [[Parumala]]
| elevation_m =
| deity = [[Shiva]], [[Krishna]]
| festivals = [[Maha Shivaratri]]
| architecture = [[Architecture of Kerala|Kerala style]]
| temple_quantity = One
| monument_quantity = 2
| inscriptions =
| year_completed = Not known (believed to be thousands of years old)
| creator = Chera Dynasty
| website =
}}

'''Mannar Thrikkuratti Mahadeva Temple''' an ancient [[Hindu temple]] dedicated to [[Shiva]] is situated on the banks of the [[Pamba River|Pampa river]] at [[Mannar, Alappuzha|Mannar]] of [[Alleppey District|Alappuzha]] in [[Kerala state]] in [[India]].<ref>Book Title A handbook of Kerala, Volume 2 A Handbook of Kerala, T. Madhava Menon Authors T. Madhava Menon, International School of Dravidian Linguistics Publisher International School of Dravidian Linguistics, 2002 Original from the University of Michigan Digitized 2 Sep 2008 {{ISBN|8185692319}}, 9788185692319 Length: 496 pages; Kerala (India)</ref> The presiding deity of the [[temple]] is [[Shiva]], located in main sanctum sanatorium, facing East. According to folklore, sage [[Parashurama]] has installed the idol. The temple is one of the 108 famous [[Shiva]] temples in [[Kerala]].<ref>Book Title: 108 Siva Kshetrangal, Author:Kunjikuttan Ilayath, Publishers: H and C Books</ref> It is believed that the mammoth temple compound wall was built by a troupe of Bhootas of Lord Paramasiva in one night.<ref>Book Title: Cultural Heritage of Kerala,
Author Name: A. Sreedhara Menon,
Publisher: D.C. Books, 2008,
{{ISBN|8126419032}}, 9788126419036,
Length 312 pages</ref> The temple was built by King Maandhatha of Ishyaku Dynasty (Sooryavamsam).

==See also==
* [[108 Shiva Temples]]
* [[Temples of Kerala]]
* [[Annamanada Mahadeva Temple|Annamanada Thrikkuratti Mahadeva Temple]]

== Gallery ==
<gallery widths="150" heights="120" perrow="6" caption="Various Photos of Thrikkuratti Mahadeva Temple, Mannar">
File:Mannar.jpg|Temple west Tower
File:Krishna temple trkkurutti temple, mannar.JPG|Krishna Temple Srikovil
File:View from south trkkurutti temple, mannar.JPG|Nalabalam
File:Mannar Thrikkuratti Mahadev Temple, Mannar, Kerala.jpg|East Ambalavattom
File:ThrikkurattyTemple.jpg|East Ambalavattom
File:Thrikkuratty Mahadeva Temple.jpg|Shiva amulet
</gallery>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}
== External links ==

{{Commons category|Mannar Thrikkuratti Mahadev Temple}}

{{Hindu temples in Kerala}}

[[Category:108 Shiva Temples]]
[[Category:Shiva temples in Kerala]]
[[Category:Hindu temples in Alappuzha district]]

{{hindu-temple-stub}}

C. H. Prahlada Rao

2025-04-13T19:01:35Z

Vilianaizi: done

{{Short description|Indian writer and journalist (1923–2002)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2019}}
{{infobox person
|name = C. H. Prahlada Rao
|image =File:C H Prahlada Rao.jpg
|birth_name = C. Hanumantha Prahlada Rao
|birth_place = Shimoga, Karnataka
|birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1923|1|13}}
|death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|2002|2|17|1923|1|13}}
|spouse = Komalabai
|children = Mohan, Ravikumar
|occupation = writer
}}
'''C.H. Prahlada Rao''' (13 January 1923 – 17 February 2002) was an Indian writer in [[English language|English]] and [[Kannada]] languages, a translator, literary [[critic]] and a [[Freelancer|free-lance journalist]].

==Personal life==
Born in [[Shimoga|Shimoga, Karnataka, India]], Prahlada Rao lost his mother in his infancy and grew up in the loving care of his father C.R. Haunmantha Rao. He obtained his early education in Shimoga. His father died before Prahlada Rao could enter college. Having noticed Prahlada Rao's mastery of the English language, his teachers and relatives advised him to enter into the famous [https://web.archive.org/web/20151222122249/http://www.mcm.ac.in/ Maharaja's College] in [[Mysore]] and earn a [[Bachelor of Arts|Bachelor of Arts degree]]. Prahlada Rao graduated in 1948 with a B.A. (honors) degree and three gold medals (Hindi, English, and Sociology). Although he wanted to pursue an [[Master of Arts|M.A. degree]] in English, it was necessary for him to start earning a living. He came to [[Bangalore]] and took up a clerical position in [http://www.indiacoffee.org/ Indian Coffee Board] where he served for over three decades until retirement in 1981. During this tenure, Prahlada Rao also spent five years (1969–1974) in [[New Delhi]]. Prahlada Rao married Smt. Komala Bai. He had two children, Mohan C.P. and C.P. Ravikumar. Prahlada Rao was known for his simplicity, friendliness, straight talk and honesty. He was a voracious reader of books of all kinds, but his personal favourites were biographies and autobiographies.

==Writing==
[[File:Gold medals won by C.H. Prahlada Rao at Maharaja's College (1948).jpg|thumb|Gold medals won by C.H. Prahlada Rao at Maharaja's College (1948)]]
Prahlada Rao was influenced by the thought of [[Mahatma Gandhi]] even as a young student. He began his writing career as a free-lance journalist for Mysindia. [[Philip Spratt]], the renowned editor of Mysindia, took a linking for this young writer and encouraged him.

"I wrote for MYSINDIA, the English weekly edited by Mr Philip Spratt," wrote C.H. Prahlada Rao<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://chp_bym.fastmail.in/links/chp.html |title=C.H. Prahlada Rao. CHP on himself. |access-date=2015-12-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151222092722/http://chp_bym.fastmail.in/links/chp.html |archive-date=2015-12-22 |url-status=dead }}</ref> "He treated me with unusual kindness; to catch the issue going to press on Tuesday I had freedom to deliver copy to the composing room. Spratt reassured me that he sprinkled a few commas in my copy, which he could as well do in the proofs. He taught me the use of the comma."

Prahlada Rao wrote for Mysindia until the shutters finally came down on the periodical. He would write about Kannada writers, books, and artists, big and small. Later, he began to write for ''[[Deccan Herald]]'' (Bangalore), ''[[The Indian Express|Indian Express]]'' (Bangalore), ''[[Hindustan Times]]'' ([[Delhi]]), ''Evening News'' (Delhi), and ''[[The Hindu]]'' (Bangalore). His writing career spanned over six decades. He began to contribute book reviews for ''Deccan Herald'', ''[[Kannada Prabha]]'', and ''Indian Express''. He was known for taking a firm stand and yet being constructive in his criticism. The Hindu requested him to write a series of articles on Kannada writers and drama artists.<ref>[http://chp.bym.tripod.com/writings.html C.H. Prahlada Rao, Sketches of Kannada Writers and Drama Artists ]</ref> After retiring from active service, C.H. Prahlada Rao wrote a weekly column called [http://chp.bym.tripod.com/bym.html "Between You and Me"] for over 25 years. This column appeared every Monday in the Bangalore edition of The Hindu and enjoyed immense popularity.<ref>[http://chp.bym.tripod.com/bym.html C.H. Prahlada Rao, Complete Collection of "Between You and Me" column writings]</ref> No topic was too small or too big to write about. He wrote about the problems faced by common people and used the power of his pen to solve them. He offered solutions to the problems of thousands of readers.

==Translations==
C.H. Prahlada Rao had a supreme command on both the English and the Kannada languages. Sensing this unique gift, [[R. S. Mugali|Prof. R.S. Mugali]], a famed Kannada writer, approached him for a unique project of translating selected Kannada works from renowned Kannada poets for the benefit of the Non-Kannada reader. While Prof. Mugali selected the pieces, Prahlada Rao provided their translations. These translations appeared in the book "An Anthology of Indian Literature" edited by [[K. Santhanam]].<ref>[http://chp.bym.tripod.com/publications.html C.H. Prahlada Rao, Compilation of Writings]</ref><ref>[http://wps.pearsoncustom.com/wps/media/objects/2426/2484749/chap_assets/documents/doc12_2.html Indian Poetry, 1360-1450 C.E.]</ref> C.H. Prahlada Rao translated a number of books, which were published by [[India Book House]], Rashtroththana Sahitya, Navakarnataka Publications among others.

==All India Radio==
C.H. Prahlada Rao enjoyed a long and fruitful association with the [[All India Radio]] (Bangalore). Due to his ability to translate well from Kannada to English, he often received requests to translate the scripts of Kannada programs. He was also invited on numerous occasions to interview writers. He even conducted one of the episodes of a popular musical programs by selecting film songs composed by famed Kannada writers. He was also invited to be a speaker
.<ref>[http://chp.bym.tripod.com/publications.html Bala Belaku - Audio recording of a speech given by C.H. Prahlada Rao at All India Radio, 16-Dec-1995]</ref> He was also interviewed on the topic of the changing landscape of Bangalore city
<ref>[http://chp.bym.tripod.com/publications.html Bangalore-Then and Now, Interview of C.H. Prahlada Rao aired on All India Radio, Bangalore, on 23-May-1996]</ref>

==Books==

#''Story of a Song - Ecstasy and Agony'', Rashtroththana Sahitya Publications, 1972. This book is a translation of Kannada writer Shivaramu's book "ವಂದೇಮಾತರಂ: ಒಂದು ಕಥೆ- ಒಂದು ವ್ಯಥೆ"
#English translation of ''Gods and Goddesses'' by Maya Balse. Published by IBH Publications, 1073. Indian mythological stories for children.
#Diwan Rangacharlu, IBH Publications, 1974 (A biography of the Diwan of Mysore, written for children.)
#[https://www.amazon.com/C.H.Prahalada-Rao/e/B00MX4VBTU ''Nandalal Bose''], Rashtroththana Publications, 1975, a biography of the painter Nandalal Bose, written for children.
#''Man the Divine - A Critical Exposition of Shoonya Sampadane'', Mandagiri, Kalmatha, Adoni, 1979. A translation from Kannada of a scholarly work '''Shoonya Sampadaneya Paramarshe''' by Prof. S.S. Bhusanuramath.
#[https://books.google.com/books?id=K_5hywAACAAJ ''Sravanabelagola''] India Book House, 1981. An English translation of a book on Srvanabelagola, authored by G. Brahmappa, intended for children.
#''Children's Mahabharatha'', Publications Division, Kannada translation of the book by Mathuram Bhutalingam, 1981.
#''Grandfather's birthday'', a Kannada translation of a compilation of short stories from Holland, published in the series Vishwakatha Kosha edited by Niranjana, Navakarnataka Publications, 1981, Reprinted in 2001.
#''Dakshina Bharathada Kathamanjari'', A collection of folk tales from Southern India, Janapada Academy, 1986
#''Janapada Kathegalu'', Janapada Academy, 1989, A collection of folk tales from Karnataka.
#''P.D. Agarwal - The Visionary'', Transport Corporation of India, 1988, a biography of a businessman who started from humble beginnings.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Prahlada Rao, C. H.}}
[[Category:1923 births]]
[[Category:2002 deaths]]
[[Category:Journalists from Karnataka]]
[[Category:Kannada-language writers]]
[[Category:Indian literary critics]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian translators]]
[[Category:People from Shimoga district]]
[[Category:Indian male journalists]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian biographers]]
[[Category:Indian children's writers]]
[[Category:Indian radio journalists]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian novelists]]
[[Category:Novelists from Karnataka]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian male writers]]
[[Category:Indian male biographers]]

Yashwant Singh (Uttar Pradesh Legislative Council member)

2025-02-26T09:29:10Z

Vilianaizi: New

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{BLP sources|date=May 2019}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2019}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Yashwant Singh
| image =
| caption =
| birth_date =
| birth_place = Aldemau Saronda, Chirayakote, Mau, Uttar Pradesh
| residence = |
| death_place =
| constituency = ''elected by Legislative Assembly members''
| office = [[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Council|Member of Legislative Council]]
| predecessor =
| successor =
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata party|BJP]](2017-Present)

[[Samajwadi party|SP]](2003-2017)

[[Bahujan Samaj Party|BSP]](1996-2003)

[[Janata Dal|JD]](1989-1996)
| spouse =
| website =
| footnotes =
| date = |
| year = |
| source =
| children = '''Vikrant Singh Rishu''' ''MLC Azamgarh-Mau Local Authorities''
| office1 = [[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Council|Member of Legislative Council]]
| constituency1 = ''elected by Legislative Assembly members''
| predecessor1 =
| termstart1 = 2004
| termend1 = 2017
| successor1 =
| constituency2 = [[Mubarakpur Assembly constituency|Mubarakpur]]
| office2 = [[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly|Member of Legislative Assembly]],[[Government of Uttar Pradesh|Minister of State]]
| termstart2 = 1996
| termend2 = 2002
| predecessor2 = Ram Darshan
| successor2 = Chandradev Ram Yadav
| constituency3 = [[Mubarakpur Assembly constituency|Mubarakpur]]
| office3 = [[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly|Member of Legislative Assembly]]
| predecessor3 = Hafeez Bharti
| successor3 = A.Salam
| termstart3 = 1989
| termend3 = 1991
| termstart = 2018
| occupation = Politician
| term_start = 2018
| term_end = 2024
}}

'''Yashwant Singh''' Former MLA for 10 years and Former MLC.
Former member of the [[Samajwadi Party]] in [[Uttar Pradesh]].
On 10 June 2016, he was re-elected to the [[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Council]].
He is also the president of Chandrasekhar trust at Darul safa Lucknow on the honour of former prime minister Chandrasekhar.
He has a great political influence in Uttar Pradesh.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/UP-MLC-poll-witnesses-heavy-cross-voting-Samajwadi-Party-emerges-victorious/articleshow/52694599.cms|title=UP MLC poll witnesses heavy cross voting, Samajwadi Party emerges victorious|date=10 June 2016|work=[[Times Internet]]|access-date=25 September 2016}}</ref>

On 6 May 2018, he again became a member of the Uttar Pradesh Legislative Council. He had vacated his seat for [[Yogi Adityanath]] for him to continue as [[Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh]] and had resigned from the [[Samajwadi Party]].

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Singh, Yashwant}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Members of the Uttar Pradesh Legislative Council]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Samajwadi Party politicians from Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Uttar Pradesh MLAs 1989–1991]]
[[Category:Uttar Pradesh MLAs 1997–2002]]

{{UttarPradesh-SP-politician-stub}}
{{UttarPradesh-BJP-politician-stub}}

R. S. Rathore

2024-12-22T18:47:38Z

Vilianaizi: cleanup

{{Short description|Indian cricket umpire (born 1938)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2014}}
{{Infobox cricketer
| name = R. S. Rathore
| image =
| country = India
| fullname =
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1938|9|21|df=yes}}
| birth_place =
| death_date =
| death_place =
| batting =
| role =
| umpire = true
| testsumpired = 2
| umptestdebutyr = 1990
| umptestlastyr = 1993
| odisumpired = 4
| umpodidebutyr = 1986
| umpodilastyr = 1991
| twenty20sumpired =
| umptwenty20debutyr =
| umptwenty20lastyr =
| date = 15 July
| year = 2013
| source = http://www.espncricinfo.com/india/content/player/33656.html Cricinfo
}}
'''Raghuvir Singh Rathore''' (born 21 September 1938) is a former Indian [[umpire (cricket)|cricket umpire]] and a former first-class cricketer. He stood in two [[Test cricket|Test matches]] between 1990 and 1993 and four [[One Day International|ODI games]] between 1986 and 1991.<ref name="Cricinfo">{{Cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/india/content/player/33656.html |title= R. S. Rathore |accessdate=2013-07-15 |work=ESPN Cricinfo}}</ref> Rathore played a [[first-class cricket|first-class]] match for [[Rajasthan cricket team|Rajasthan]], in the semi-final of the [[1962–63 Ranji Trophy]], against [[Delhi cricket team|Delhi]].<ref>[https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Players/40/40648/40648.html CricketArchive: Raghuvir Rathore]</ref>

==See also==
* [[List of Test cricket umpires]]
* [[List of One Day International cricket umpires]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Rathore, R. S.}}
[[Category:1938 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Place of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Indian Test cricket umpires]]
[[Category:Indian One Day International cricket umpires]]
[[Category:Indian cricketers]]
[[Category:Rajasthan cricketers]]
{{India-cricket-bio-1930s-stub}}

List of subdivisions of Assam

2024-10-03T16:29:10Z

Vilianaizi: further correct intro for accuracy also

#REDIRECT [[List of sub-districts of Assam]]

{{Redirect category shell|
{{R from move}}
}}

K. K. Raja

2024-07-06T19:42:43Z

Vilianaizi: added some article first draft

{{Short description|Indian poet}}
{{more citations needed|date=August 2018}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2018}}
{{Infobox writer 
| name = K. K. Raja
| image =
| image_size =
| alt =
| caption =
| pseudonym =
| birth_name = Kunju
| birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1893|03|28}}
| birth_place = Kumarapuram, Thalappilli, [[Kingdom of Cochin]], [[British India]]
| death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|1968|04|06|1893|03|28}}
| death_place =
| resting_place =
| occupation = [[Poet]]
| language = [[Malayalam]]
| nationality = Indian
| ethnicity =
| citizenship =
| education =
| alma_mater =
| period =
| genre =
| subject =
| movement =
| notableworks =
| spouse =
| partner =
| children =
| relatives =
| influences =
| influenced =
| awards =
| signature =
| signature_alt =
| website = 
| portaldisp =
}}
'''K. K. Raja''' (28 March 1893 – 6 April 1968) was a [[Malayalam]] [[poet]] from [[Kerala]], [[India]]. He received the [[Kerala Sahitya Akademi Award]] in 1960 for the collection ''Malanatil''.<ref>[http://www.keralasahityaakademi.org/ml_aw2.htm "Kerala Sahitya Akademi Award"] (in Malayalam). [[Kerala Sahitya Akademi]]. Retrieved 30 June 2013.</ref><ref>[http://kerala.gov.in/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=3065&Itemid=2379 "Literary Awards"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120618062155/http://kerala.gov.in/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=3065&Itemid=2379 |date=2012-06-18 }}. [[Government of Kerala]]. Retrieved 30 June 2013.</ref>

==Biography==
K. K. Raja was born as Kunju in 1893 at Kumarapuram kovilakam (part of the Thalappilli Swaroopam of Kingdom of Cochin ) which is situated in Eravimangalam village, Nadathara. His father Meledath Nambothan Nambudiri was a Sanskrit scholar. After the death of his mother Kunjukkutti Thamburatti, young Kunju was well taken care of by his grandmother. He completed his school education in [[Trichur]] and [[Kunnamkulam]]. He was married to a [[lady]] from the aristocratic Thrissur Vadakke Kuruppath [[Menon (subcaste)|Menon]] family.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mahakavi K K Raja |url=https://www.geni.com/people/Mahakavi-K-K-Raja/6000000018263714777 |access-date=2023-09-30 |website=geni_family_tree |date=11 November 2019 |language=en-US}}</ref> He started writing poems at a young age and the child's writing skills were encouraged by family friend and famous poet [[Kunhikuttan Thampuran]]. His first poem "Khshanika Vairagyam" was published in ''Kavana Kaumudi'' magazine. After passing successfully the Vidwan test, Raja worked as a teacher in [[Ernakulam]] Government Girls' High School and [[Irinjalakkuda]] Government High School. Raja became a full-time writer by this period and wandered all over India before joining St. Thomas School, Trichur.

==Major works==
* ''Malanattil'' (മലനാട്ടിൽ)
* ''Kavanakusumanjali'' (കവനകുസുമാഞ്ജലി)
* ''Tulsidaamam'' (തുളസീദാമം)
* ''Vellithoni'' (വെള്ളിത്തോണി)
* ''Bashpanjali'' (ബാഷ്പാഞ്ജലി)
* ''Harshanjali'' (ഹർഷാഞ്ജലി)

==References==
<references />

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Raja, K. K.}}
[[Category:1893 births]]
[[Category:1968 deaths]]
[[Category:Malayali people]]
[[Category:Writers from Kochi]]
[[Category:Poets from Kerala]]
[[Category:Malayalam poets]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Kerala Sahitya Akademi Award]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian poets]]
[[Category:Indian male poets]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian male writers]]

Erashal

2024-03-12T07:57:39Z

Vilianaizi: stub

{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Erashal
| native_name = 
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Census Town
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India West Bengal#India3
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in West Bengal, India
| coordinates = {{coord|22.0862|N|87.8722|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[West Bengal]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Purba Medinipur district|Purba Medinipur]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 = 3.7505
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 5,332
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Bengali language|Bengali]], [[English language|English]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code =
| area_code_type = Telephone/[[Subscriber trunk dialing|STD]] code
| area_code =
| registration_plate =
| blank1_name_sec1 = [[Lok Sabha]] constituency
| blank1_info_sec1 = [[Kanthi (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kanthi]]
| blank2_name_sec1 = [[Vidhan Sabha]] constituency
| blank2_info_sec1 = [[Chandipur (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Chandipur]]
| website = {{URL|purbamedinipur.gov.in/}}
| footnotes =
}}

'''Erashal''' is a [[census town]] in [[Chandipur (community development block)|Chandipur]] [[Community development block in India|CD block]] in [[Tamluk subdivision]] of [[Purba Medinipur district]] in the state of [[West Bengal]], [[India]].

==Geography==
{{OSM Location map
| width=320| height=350| zoom=10
| coord={{coord|22|17|0|N|87|47|0|E}}| float=left|caption='''Cities and towns in Tamluk subdivision of Purba Medinipur district''' M: municipal city/ town, CT: census town, R: rural/ urban centre, H: historical/ religious centre Owing to space constraints in the small map, the actual locations in a larger map may vary slightly
|mark-coord1={{coord|22|18|0|N|87|55|12|E}} | label-pos1=left|label1=Tamluk | numbered1=M| mark-title1= [[Tamluk]] (M)|label-color1=#800000 |label-size1=13| mark-size1=13|shape1=l-circle|shape-color1=#800000|shape-outline1=white|label-offset-x1=2
|mark-coord2={{coord|22|24|35|N|87|42|0|E}} | label-pos2=right|label2=Panskura| numbered2=M| mark-title2= [[Panskura]] (M)
|mark-coord3={{coord|22|26|5|N|87|52|12|E}} | label-pos3=right|label3=Kolaghat | numbered3=CT| mark-title3= [[Kolaghat]] (CT)|shape-color3=#C40000
|mark-coord4={{coord|22|25|20|N|87|53|35|E}} | label-pos4=right|label4=Amalhara | numbered4=CT| mark-title4= [[Amalhara]] (CT)|shape-color4=#C40000
|mark-coord5={{coord|22|26|20|N|87|50|37|E}} | label-pos5=left|label5=Mihitikri | numbered5=CT| mark-title5= [[Mihitikri]] (CT)|shape-color5=#C40000
|mark-coord6={{coord|22|25|20|N|87|51|4|E}} | label-pos6=left|label6=Kharisha | numbered6=CT| mark-title6= [[Kharisha]] (CT)|shape-color6=#C40000
|mark-coord7={{coord|22|24|30|N|87|52|42|E}} | label-pos7=right|label7=Kakdihi | numbered7=CT| mark-title7= [[Kakdihi]] (CT)|shape-color7=#C40000
|mark-coord8={{coord|22|23|40|N|87|52|7|E}} | label-pos8=left|label8=Shantipur | numbered8=CT| mark-title8= [[Shantipur, Purba Medinipur]] (CT)|shape-color8=#C40000
|mark-coord9={{coord|22|19|30|N|87|48|50|E}} | label-pos9=left|label9=Anantapur | numbered9=CT| mark-title9= [[Anantapur, Purba Medinipur]] (CT)|shape-color9=#C40000
|mark-coord10={{coord|22|19|12|N|87|49|48|E}} | label-pos10=right|label10=Dakshin Baguan | numbered10=CT| mark-title10= [[Dakshin Baguan]] (CT)|shape-color10=#C40000
|mark-coord11={{coord|22|14|57|N|87|47|43|E}} | label-pos11=right|label11=Goasafat | numbered11=CT| mark-title11= [[Goasafat]] (CT)|shape-color11=#C40000
|mark-coord12={{coord|22|7|30|N|87|48|43|E}} | label-pos12=right|label12=Kotbar | numbered12=CT| mark-title12= [[Kotbar]] (CT)|shape-color12=#C40000
|mark-coord13={{coord|22|5|10|N|87|52|19|E}} | label-pos13=right|label13=Erashal | numbered13=CT| mark-title13= Erashal (CT)|shape-color13=black| label-size13=13|label-color13=black 
|mark-coord14={{coord|22|22|45|N|87|52|41|E}} | label-pos14=left|label14= Chatara| numbered14=R| mark-title14= [[Chatara]] (R)|shape-color14=#C40000
|mark-coord15={{coord|22|28|5|N|87|41|14|E}} | label-pos15=right|label15= Shyamsundarpur Patna| numbered15=R| mark-title15= [[Shyamsundarpur Patna]] (R)|shape-color15=#C40000
|mark-coord16={{coord|22|25|28|N|87|44|21|E}} | label-pos16=left|label16= Uttar Mechogram| numbered16=R| mark-title16= [[Uttar Mechogram]] (R)|shape-color16=#C40000
|mark-coord17={{coord|22|21|38|N|87|53|30|E}} | label-pos17=left|label17= Janu Basan| numbered17=R| mark-title17= [[Janu Basan]] (R)|shape-color17=#C40000
|mark-coord18={{coord|22|14|0|N|87|47|0|E}} | label-pos18=left|label18= Moyna| numbered18=R| mark-title18= [[Moyna, Purba Medinipur]] (R)|shape-color18=#C40000
|mark-coord19={{coord|22|11|19|N|87|55|8|E}} | label-pos19=left|label19= Nandakumar| numbered19=R| mark-title19= [[Nandakumar, Purba Medinipur]] (R)|shape-color19=#C40000
|mark-coord20={{coord|22|5|31|N|87|51|22|E}} | label-pos20=left|label20= Chandipur| numbered20=R| mark-title20= [[Chandipur, Purba Medinipur]] (R)|shape-color20=#C40000
|mark-coord21={{coord|22|16|42|N|87|54|11|E}} | label-pos21=left|label21= Chak Srikrishnapur| numbered21=R| mark-title21= [[Chak Srikrishnapur]] (R)|shape-color21=#C40000
|mark-coord22={{coord|22|10|30|N|87|53|47|E}} | label-pos22=left|label22= Bhabanipur| numbered22=R| mark-title22= [[Bhabanipur, Purba Medinipur]] (R)|shape-color22=#C40000
|mark-coord23={{coord|22.3923|N|87.9426|E}}| label23=Rupnarayan| label-color23 = #77A1CB| label-angle23=80| label-pos23=right| label-size23=10| mark-size23=0| mark-title23=none
|mark-coord24={{coord|22|27|5|N|87|44|10|E}} | label-pos24=left|label24= Dakshin Maynadal| numbered24=H| mark-title24= [[Dakshin Maynadal]] (H)| shape-color24=#AA6666
|mark-coord25={{coord|22|26|15|N|87|44|49|E}} | label-pos25=left|label25= Purbba Gopalpur| numbered25=H| mark-title25= [[Purbba Gopalpur]] (H)| shape-color25=#AA6666}}

===Location===
Erashal is located at {{coord|22.0862|N|87.8722|E|display=inline}}.

===Urbanisation===
94.08% of the population of Tamluk subdivision live in the rural areas. Only 5.92% of the population live in the urban areas, and that is the second lowest proportion of urban population amongst the four subdivisions in Purba Medinipur district, just above Egra subdivision.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook | title = District Statistical Handbook 2014 Purba Medinipur | work = Table 2.2 | publisher = Department of Planning and Statistics, Government of West Bengal | access-date = 20 April 2019 | archive-date = 21 January 2019 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190121045803/http://www.wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook | url-status = dead }}</ref>

Note: The map alongside presents some of the notable locations in the subdivision. All places marked in the map are linked in the larger full screen map.

==Demographics==
As per [[2011 Census of India]] Erashal had a total population of 5,332 of which 2,641 (50%) were males and 2,691 (50%) were females. Population below 6 years was 601. The total number of literates in Erashal was 4,153 (87.78% of the population over 6 years).<ref name=census3-2011>{{cite web| url = http://censusindia.gov.in/pca/pcadata/Houselisting-housing-WB.html |title = 2011 Census – Primary Census Abstract Data Tables | work= West Bengal – District-wise |publisher= Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India | access-date = 2 April 2019 }}</ref>

==Infrastructure==
As per the District Census Handbook 2011, Erashal covered an area of 3.7505 km2. It had the facility of a railway station at Kamdapasara 3 km away. Amongst the civic amenities it had 25 road lighting points and 458 domestic electric connections. Amongst the educational facilities it had were 4 primary schools, 1 secondary school and 1 senior secondary school. The nearest degree college was at [[Kismat Bajkul]] 6 km away.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1919_PART_A_DCHB_PURBA%20MEDINIPUR.pdf| title = District Census Handbook Purba Medinipur, Census of India 2011, Series 20, Part XII A | work= Section II Town Directory, Statement I: Growth History, Pages 1207-1209; Statement II: Physical Aspects and Location of Towns, Page 1210; Statement III: Civic and other Amenities, Pages 1211-1212; Statement IV: Medical Facilities 2009, Pages 1212-1213; Section: Educational, Recreational and Cultural Facilities, Pages 1213-1215 | publisher = Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal |access-date = 7 April 2019}}</ref>

==Transport==
Erashal is on Chandipur-Nandigram Road.<ref>Google maps</ref>

==Healthcare==
Erashal Rural Hospital at Erashal, PO Math Chandipur (with 30 beds) is the main medical facility in Chandipur CD block. There are [[Primary Health Centre (India)|primary health centres]] at Gokhuri, PO Majnaberia (with 2 beds) and Baraghuni (with 10 beds).<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.wbhealth.gov.in/ | title = Health & Family Welfare Department | work = Health Statistics | publisher = Government of West Bengal | access-date = 27 March 2019 | archive-date = 28 October 2021 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20211028134305/https://qphs.fs.quoracdn.net/main-qimg-99a499ee367f0c1530476c81086270c8 | url-status = dead }}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Purba Medinipur District}}

[[Category:Cities and towns in Purba Medinipur district]]