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Sonali Kulkarni (businesswoman)

2026-05-01T12:35:24Z

Vilianahdm:

{{Short description|Indian businesswoman (born 1965)}}
{{Multiple issues|
{{COI|date=April 2015}}{{fan POV|date=April 2015}}}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2018}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Sonali Kulkarni
| image =
|caption =
| image_size =
| birth_date = 1965
| birth_place =
| occupation = Former CEO, [[Fanuc]] India
| alma_mater =
| years active =
}}

'''Sonali Kulkarni''' (born 1965) is the former president and CEO of FANUC India, the local unit of Japanese industrial robots maker [[Fanuc]] Corp.<ref name="Business Today">{{cite web|newspaper=Business Today | title=Robo Queen | date=31 August 2014 | first=Sunny | last=Sen |url=https://www.businesstoday.in/magazine/cover-story/fanuc-india-maruti-suzuki-apple-iphones-ipads/story/209043.html | accessdate=13 March 2015}}</ref> In her role, she oversees all Sales, Marketing, Business Development activities for all products including CNC, Robots, Robomachines and System Integration for [[Fanuc]], India.<ref name="about">{{cite web|url=http://about.me/sonali.kulkarni|title=Sonali Kulkarni - Bangalore | about.me|publisher=about.me|accessdate=14 March 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.businesstoday.in/specials/most-powerful-women-in-business/story/sonali-kulkarni-leading-the-robo-charge-315341-2021-12-13|title=Sonali Kulkarni: Leading the Robo-Charge|date=13 December 2021 |publisher=Businesstoday.in|accessdate=13 December 2021}}</ref>

Kulkarni has been named one of the most powerful businesswomen in 2014.<ref name="intoday">{{cite web|url=http://businesstoday.intoday.in/powerful-businesswomen/2014/|title=Most Powerful Businesswomen in India 2014 Business Today|publisher=businesstoday.intoday.in|accessdate=14 March 2015}}</ref>

==Personal life==
Ms. Kulkarni is married to [[Ravi Venkatesan]]. She is the daughter of [[Sumitra Kulkarni]] and is the great-grandchild of [[Mahatma Gandhi]] and [[Kasturba Gandhi]].

==Education==
Ms. Kulkarni completed her [[MBA]] from [[Ohio State University]] and she is a member of [[Institute of Chartered Accountants of India]] and [[American Institute of Certified Public Accountants]].<ref name="Outlook">{{cite web|title=Outlook Business Article|url=http://www.outlookbusiness.com/article_v3.aspx?artid=292756|accessdate=13 March 2015}}</ref>
She has keen interest in [[environmental sustainability]].<ref name="Business Today"/>

==Career==
Ms. Kulkarni has worked as a Financial Analyst in the US,<ref name="Business Today"/> and took charge as CEO of [[Fanuc]] India in 2006.<ref name ="Outlook"/>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kulkarni, Sonali}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Businesspeople from Bengaluru]]
[[Category:Businesswomen from Karnataka]]
[[Category:Articles created or expanded during Women's History Month (India) - 2015]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian businesspeople]]
[[Category:Robotics in India]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian businesswomen]]
[[Category:1965 births]]

Abhiram Bhadkamkar

2026-04-26T14:00:55Z

Vilianahdm: done

{{Short description|Indian film actor, director and writer|bot=PearBOT 5}}
{{BLP sources|date=May 2014}}
{{Use British English|date=September 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2026}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Abhiram Bhadkamkar
| image =
| image_size =
| birth_date = 
| years_active = 1991–present
| occupation = {{hlist|Actor|director|writer}}
| relatives =
| website = [http://www.abhirambhadkamkar.com/ abhirambhadkamkar.com]
}}

'''Abhiram Bhadkamkar''' is an Indian actor, director and writer. He mainly worked as a writer in different films, serials and plays. Some of his famous films, as a writer are abiram ''[[Balgandharva (film)|Balgandharva]]'', ''[[Pachadlela]]'', ''Aai'', ''[[Khabardar (film)|Khabardar]]'', ''A Rainy Day'', ''Paulwaat'' and many more. His famous Marathi plays, as a writer, are ''Dehbhan'', ''Altun Paltun'', ''Pahuna'', ''Sukhanshi Bhandato Amhi'', ''Ladi Najariya'', ''Hasat Khelat'', ''Jyacha Tyacha Prashna'' and many more. His plays are performed in [[Hindi]], [[Kannada]] and [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]] in addition to Marathi theatre. A film directed by him is ''[[Aamhi Asu Ladke]]'', presented and well received in many international and national film festivals. His collection of stories and novels are published by publishers/ publications of repute. His acting in films has won accolades. He acted in different [[Marathi language|Marathi]] and [[Hindi]] films and TV serials. Abhiram has written the story of upcoming [[Marathi language|Marathi]] [[comedy]] [[film]] ''[[Jalsa (2016 film)|Jalsa]]''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movies/news/Marathi-filmdom-gears-up-for-Jalsa/articleshow/50901476.cms?from=mdr|title = Marathi filmdom gears up for Jalsa - Times of India| work=The Times of India }}</ref>

==Early life==
Abhiram Bhadkamkar graduated in [[Commerce]], obtained a diploma in journalism and communication, and graduated from [[National School of Drama]] specializing in acting. He is currently engaged in acting, direction and writing in both languages Hindi and Marathi in various forms such as films and plays.

==Acting career==
''Hasat Khelat'', ''Pahuna'', ''Jyacha Tyacha Prashna'' (Sawal apna apna), ''Ladi Najaria'', ''Dehbhan'' and ''Sukhanshi Bhandto Aamhi'' are some of his major works, produced by reputed theatre groups and performed all over [[Maharashtra]] and [[Delhi]] in different languages including Hindi, Kannada and Gujarathi.

''Pahuna'', ''Dehbhan'' and ''Jyacha Tyacha Prashna'' are published by Continental Prakashan, a reputed publication in Marathi, and won literature award of Maharashtra Government in 1994, 1995 and 2005. ''Chudail'' is a collection of short stories, focusing on the soul and revealing the harsh reality of a most covetous tinsel town. It received an award by [[Maharashtra Sahitya Parishad]], as best short story collection. It is published by Akshar Publication.

''Asa Balgandharva...'' is a biographic novel that depicts the legendary actor singer [[Balgandharva]] in all his human attributes, published by Rajhans Prakashan, it received the H. N. Apte Best Novel award.

He has written the films ''[[Balgandharva]]'', ''Aai'', ''[[Pachadlela]]'', ''[[Devki]]'', ''Khabardar'' etc. and received Best Dialogue and Best Screenplay award for the film ''[[Devki]]'', which also received Best Film award from government of Maharashtra.

''[[Aamhi Asu Ladke]]'' is a film he has written and directed and it has won many awards. It was officially selected for New York Independent International Film Festival and screened in November 2006 in [[New York City|New York]] and in [[Harrisburg, Pennsylvania|Harrisburg]]. And now, his latest hit is ''[[Balgandharva (film)|Balgandharva]]'' (Story, Screenplay and Dialogues).

He has acted in ''[[Pachadlela]]'', ''Ramdeo Ala Re Baba'', ''[[Devki]]'' and ''[[Full 3 Dhamaal]]''.

==Writer==

===Plays===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!scope="col"| No.
!scope="col"| Name
!scope="col"| Language
|-
|1
|scope="row"| ''Jyacha Tyacha Prashna''
|Marathi
|-
|2
|scope="row"| ''Dehbhan''
|Marathi
|-
|3
|scope="row"| ''Sukhanshi Bhandato Amhi''
|Marathi
|-
|4
|scope="row"| ''Yacht Diwashi Yacht Veli''
|Marathi
|-
|5
|scope="row"| ''Hasat Khelat''
|Marathi
|-
|6
|scope="row"| ''Pahuna''
|Marathi
|-
|7
|scope="row"| ''Ladi Najariya''
|Hindi
|-
|8
|scope="row"| ''Altun Paltun''
|Marathi
|-
|9
|''Apalak Nidrahin''
|Hindi
|-
|10
|scope="row"| ''Sthal Snehamandir''
|Marathi
|-
|11
|scope="row"| ''Prempatra''
|Marathi
|-
|12
|scope="row"| ''Comred Ka Coat''
|Hindi
|-
|13
|scope="row"| ''Saval Apna Apna''
|Hindi
|}

===Movies===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!scope="col"| No.
!scope="col"| Name
!scope="col"| Language
|-
|1
|scope="row"| ''[[Jalsa (2016 film)|Jalsa]]''
|Marathi
|-
|2
|scope="row"| ''[[Balgandharva (film)|Balgandharva]]''
|Marathi
|-
|3
|scope="row"| ''[[Pachadlela]]''
|Marathi
|-
|4
|scope="row"| ''Aai''
|Marathi
|-
|5
|scope="row"| ''Khabardar''
|Marathi
|-
|6
|scope="row"| ''A Rainy Day''
|Marathi
|-
|7
|scope="row"| ''Viti Dandu''
|Marathi
|-
|8
|scope="row"| ''[[Devki]]''
|Marathi
|-
|9
|scope="row"| ''Manya Sajjana''
|Marathi
|-
|10
|scope="row"| ''Ghayaal''
|Marathi
|-
|11
|scope="row"| ''[[Full 3 Dhamaal]]''
|Marathi
|-
|12
|scope="row"| ''Navsache Por''
|Marathi
|-
|13
|scope="row"| ''April Fool''
|Marathi
|-
|14
|scope="row"| ''Ramdeo Ala Re Baba''
|Marathi
|-
|15
|scope="row"| ''Durge Durgat Bhari''
|Marathi
|-
|16
|scope="row"| ''Kamal Majhya Baykochi''
|Marathi
|-
|17
|scope="row"| ''Chikat Navra''
|Marathi
|-
|18
|scope="row"| ''[[Aamhi Asu Ladke]]''
|Marathi
|-
|19
|Veergati
|Marathi
|-
|20
|Me Shivaji Park
|Marathi
|-
|21
|Raghuveer
|Marathi
|}

===TV serials===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!scope="col"| No.
!scope="col"| Name
!scope="col"| Language
|-
|1
|scope="row"| ''Kshitij''
|Hindi
|-
|2
|scope="row"| ''Sayaa''
|Hindi
|-
|3
|scope="row"| ''Teacher''
|Hindi
|-
|4
|scope="row"| ''Raste''
|Hindi
|-
|5
|scope="row"| ''Gopalji''
|Hindi
|-
|6
|scope="row"| ''V3+''
|Hindi
|}

===Literature===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!scope="col"| No.
!scope="col"| Book Name
!scope="col"| Language
|-
|1
|scope="row"| ''Asa Balgandharva''
|Marathi
|-
|2
|scope="row"| ''Chudail''
|Marathi
|-
|3
|scope="row"| ''At Any Cost''
|Marathi
|-
|4
|scope="row"| ''Insha Allah''
|Marathi
|}

===One Act Plays===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!scope="col"| No.
!scope="col"| Name
!scope="col"| Language
|-
|1
|scope="row"| ''Dhobipachhad''
|Marathi
|-
|2
|scope="row"| ''Pach Shunyanchi Berij''
|Marathi
|-
|3
|scope="row"| ''Jhad''
|Marathi
|-
|4
|scope="row"| ''Yega Yega Sari''
|Marathi
|}

==Director==

===Movies===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!scope="col"| No.
!scope="col"| Movie Name
!scope="col"| Language
!scope="col"| Year
|-
|1
|scope="row"| ''[[Aamhi Asu Ladke]]''
|Marathi
|2005
|-
|2
|scope="row"| ''Baba Lagin''
|Marathi
|2012
|}

===Documentaries===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!scope="col"| No.
!scope="col"| Name
!scope="col"| Language
!scope="col"| Note
|-
|1
|scope="row"| ''Film City''
|Marathi
|Documentary by [[MTDC]] to introduce Bollywood Tourism
|-
|2
|scope="row"| ''Behind The Stage''
|Hindi
|Documentary based on back stage artists of theatre
|-
|3
|Rangasanwaad
|Marathi
|Documentary about Marathi Parallel Theatre produced by Bridge of Tales LLP
|}

==Acting==

===Movies===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!scope="col"| No.
!scope="col"| Name
!scope="col"| Language
|-
|1
|scope="row"| ''[[Pachadlela]]''
|Marathi
|-
|2
|scope="row"| ''[[Devki]]''
|Marathi
|-
|3
|scope="row"| ''[[Full 3 Dhamaal]]''
|Marathi
|-
|4
|scope="row"| ''Zindagi Zindabad''
|Hindi
|-
|5
|scope="row"| ''Paulwaat''
|Marathi
|-
|7
|scope="row"| ''Relations''
|Hindi
|-
|8
|scope="row"| ''Ramdeo Ala Re Baba''
|Marathi
|}

===Serials===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!scope="col"| No.
!scope="col"| Name
!scope="col"| Language
!scope="col"| Directed By
|-
|1
|scope="row"| ''Chanakya''
|Hindi
|Chandraprakash Dvivedi
|-
|2
|scope="row"| ''Kshitij''
|Hindi
|Anand Rai
|-
|3
|scope="row"| ''Sailaab''
|Hindi
|Ravi Rai
|-
|4
|scope="row"| ''Raste''
|Hindi
|Alka Maitra
|-
|5
|scope="row"| ''Damini''
|Marathi
|Kanchan Adhikari
|-
|7
|scope="row"| ''[[C.I.D. (Indian TV series)|CID]]''
|Hindi
|B. P. Singh
|-
|8
|scope="row"| ''[[Ahat]]''
|Hindi
|B. P. Singh
|}

==Awards and nominations==
* Chaitraban Puraskar by [[G. D. Madgulkar]] foundation – 2006
* P.B. Bhave Puraskar by Pu. Bha. Bhave Smruti Samiti - 2006
* [[Jaywant Dalvi]] Puraskar by PCMC Natrya Parishad - 2011
* Mama Varerkar Best writer Award
* Lions Club Award
* Kalnirnaya Award for Best Playwright
* Natyadarpan's [[Jaywant Dalvi]] Award
* [[Zee Gaurav Puraskar|Alfa Gourav Award]]
* Ma.Ta.Sanman
* Best Screenplay & Dialogues award from State Government for the film ''[[Devki]]''
* Best Dialogues award from [[Zee Marathi|Alfa Marathi]] Channel for the film ''[[Devki]]''
* Best Dialogues award from [[Maharashtra Times]] for the film ''[[Devki]]''
* Best Screenplay & Dialogues award from Marathi Chitrapat Mahamandal for the film ''[[Devki]]''
* Best Dialogues award from Maharashtra Kalaniketan for the film ''[[Devki]]''
* Best Screen Play award from Government of Maharashtra for the film ''[[Khabardar (film)|Khabardar]]''
* Special Jury award from [[Pune International Film Festival]] 2006 for the film ''[[Aamhi Asu Ladke]]''
* Best Film award from Zee Marathi for the film ''[[Aamhi Asu Ladke]]''
* Best Screen Play award from Zee Marathi for the film ''[[Aamhi Asu Ladke]]''
* Best Story award from [[Zee Marathi]] for the film ''[[Aamhi Asu Ladke]]''
* Best Screen Play award in [[Pune International Film Festival]] for the film ''[[Balgandharva]]''
* Sangeet Natak Academy Award [[The highest award for an artist by Central Govt.]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://www.abhirambhadkamkar.com Abhiram Bhadkamkar Official Website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140529090714/http://www.abhirambhadkamkar.com/ |date=29 May 2014 }}
* [https://www.facebook.com/abhirambhadkamkar Abhiram Bhadkamkar On Facebook]
* {{IMDb name|0080139}}
* [http://www.bookganga.com/eBooks/Books?AID=5124466162244612572 Abhiram Bhadkamkar's Books on BookGanga.com]
* [https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=abhiram+bhadkamkar Abhiram Bhadkamkar's Videos on YouTube]

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bhadkamkar, Abhiram}}
[[Category:Indian male film actors]]
[[Category:Film producers from Mumbai]]
[[Category:Indian game show hosts]]
[[Category:Indian male television actors]]
[[Category:Indian male voice actors]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Male actors from Mumbai]]
[[Category:University of Mumbai alumni]]
[[Category:Male actors in Marathi cinema]]
[[Category:Male actors in Marathi theatre]]
[[Category:Marathi actors]]
[[Category:1965 births]]
[[Category:Indian male stage actors]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian male actors]]
[[Category:Male actors in Hindi television]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian male actors]]

Shailesh Singh

2026-04-12T11:29:52Z

Vilianahdm: adding a bio

{{Short description|Indian politician (born 1980)}}
{{distinguish|Shailesh R. Singh}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2024}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Dr. Shailesh Singh
| office = Member of the [[Rajasthan Legislative Assembly|16th Rajasthan Assembly]]
| native_name = डॉ . शैलेश सिंह
| native_name_lang = Hi
| constituency = [[Deeg-Kumher Assembly constituency|Deeg-Kumher]]
| country = {{flag|India}}
| assembly = [[Rajasthan Legislative Assembly]]
| predecessor = [[Vishvendra Singh]]
| successor =
| term_start = 3 December 2023
| term_end =
| source =
| party = [[BJP|Bhartiya Janta Party]]
| birth_name =
| occupation = Politician
| profession = Doctor
| image = Deeg-Kumher MLA - Dr. Shailesh Singh.jpg
| caption = Official portrait, 2017
| parents = [[Dr. Digamber Singh]] & Asha Singh
| spouse = Dr. Kirti Singh
| office2 = President of [[Bharatiya Janata Party]], [[Bharatpur, Rajasthan|Bharatpur]]
| term_start2 = 17 December 2019
| term_end2 = 17 January 2023
| predecessor2 = Bhanupratap Singh
| successor2 = Rishi Bansal
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1980|07|20|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Bharatpur, Rajasthan|Bharatpur]], [[Rajasthan]]
| district =
| website = https://www.shaileshdigamber.in
}}

'''Shailesh Singh''' is an Indian politician currently serving as a member of the [[Rajasthan Legislative Assembly]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://news.abplive.com/elections/deeg-kumher-election-result-2023-live-updates-constituency-vote-counting-winner-loser-bjp-congress-bsp-aap-rajasthan-assembly-election-results-news-1647086|publisher=news.abplive.com|access-date=2023-12-04|title=Deeg-kumher Election Result 2023 Live: Bjp Candidate Dr. Shailesh Singh Wins From Deeg-kumher|date=3 December 2023 }}</ref> representing the [[Deeg-Kumher Assembly constituency|Deeg-Kumher]] constituency as a member of the [[Bhartiya Janta Party]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bhaskar.com/local/rajasthan/bharatpur/deeg/news/election-results-2023-update-shailesh-singh-bjp-vs-vishvendra-singh-congress-132228240.html|publisher=bhaskar.com|access-date=2023-12-04|title=BJP won in Deeg after 10 years: Cabinet Minister Vishvendra Singh lost the election, BJP candidate Dr. Shailesh Singh defeated.}}</ref> He is the son of former Health & Industries Minister, [[Digamber Singh]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-10-27 |title=Rajasthan BJP leader Digamber Singh passes away at 66 |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/jaipur/rajasthan-bjp-leader-digamber-singh-passes-away-at-66/story-buZJ6nMKoKJqJqMaIVCdNK.html |access-date=2023-12-05 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref>

Following the [[2023 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://results.eci.gov.in/AcResultGenDecNew2023/partywisewinresult-369S20.htm|title=General Elections to Assembly Constituencies:Trends & Results Dec-2023|publisher=results.eci.gov.in|access-date = 2023-12-04}}</ref> he was elected as an MLA from the Deeg-Kumher Assembly constituency, defeating Vishvendra Singh, the candidate from the Indian National Congress (INC), with 89,063 votes.<ref>{{cite web|title= Deeg-Kumher Assembly Election Results 2023 Highlights: BJP's Dr. Shailesh Singh with 89063 defeats INC's Vishvendra Singh|date=3 December 2023 |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/story/deeg-kumher-assembly-election-results-2023-live-2470685-2023-12-03|publisher=indiatoday. in|access-date=2023-12-04}}</ref>

== Early life ==
Dr. Shailesh Singh was born on 20 July 1980 in [[Bharatpur, Rajasthan]]. He is the second child and the only son of [[Dr. Digamber Singh]] and Asha Singh.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Bhaskar |first=Bharatpur |date=18 November 2018 |title=Deeg-Kumher: Dr. Shailesh Singh, 38 years old, son of former minister. Active in politics after father's demise. |work=Dainik Bhaskar |url=https://www.bhaskar.com/deg-kummher-dr-shailesh-singh-38-is-the-son-of-mbbs-former-minister-dr-digambarsinh-after-the-death-of-his-father-he-is-playing-an-active-role-in-politics-053559-3174970.html/}}</ref>

Shailesh completed his primary and secondary education in [[Bharatpur district]]. He later attended a boarding school in [[Mussoorie]] for two years. As an undergraduate student, Shailesh pursued medicine and completed his [[MBBS]] from [[MGM Institute of Health Sciences]] in 2006.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dr. Shailesh Singh(Bharatiya Janata Party(BJP)):Constituency- DEEG KUMHER(BHARATPUR) - Affidavit Information of Candidate |url=https://www.myneta.info/rajasthan2018/candidate.php?candidate_id=3892 |access-date=2023-12-16 |website=www.myneta.info}}</ref>

== Political career ==

=== Early Career (2008 - 2017) ===
After graduation, Shailesh actively engaged in family businesses and oversaw the management of his father's commercial affairs. In 2007, he was appointed the Director of the Shree Digamber Nursing College in [[Bharatpur, Rajasthan|Bharatpur]] and the Shree Digamber Engineering College in [[Dausa]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Lokesh |first=Jagannath |date=2 August 2023 |title=Director Profile - Shree Digamber College of Nursing. |url=https://www.shiksha.com/college/shree-digambar-degree-college-of-nursing-bharatpur-193097 |access-date=1 July 2023 |website=Shiksha.com}}</ref>

In the [[2008 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election]], Shailesh successfully campaigned for his father in the [[Deeg-Kumher Assembly constituency]]. During the [[2013 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election]], Shailesh was again actively engaged in his father's unsuccessful campaign. These engagements introduced him to public and political life.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-07-14 |title=Deccan Herald - It's king v/s Singh in Deeg-Kumher |url=http://archive.deccanherald.com/Content/Nov302008/national20081130103754.asp |access-date=2023-12-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714143811/http://archive.deccanherald.com/Content/Nov302008/national20081130103754.asp |archive-date=2014-07-14 }}</ref>

=== Active Politics (2017 - Present) ===

==== After the [[Dr. Digamber Singh|death of Dr. Digamber Singh]] ====
On 27 October 2017, after the passing away of his father, Shailesh stepped into active politics at the age of 37. He unsuccessfully contested the [[2018 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election]] from the [[Deeg-Kumher Assembly constituency]], marking the family's second consecutive defeat from the constituency.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2017-10-27 |title=Former BJP minister Dr Digamber Singh passes away in Jaipur |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/jaipur/former-bjp-minister-dr-digamber-singh-passes-away-in-jaipur/articleshow/61270345.cms |access-date=2023-12-16 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Rajasthan: Bharatpur youths ready to replace veteran leaders |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/jaipur/report-rajasthan-bharatpur-youths-ready-to-replace-veteran-leaders-2676191 |access-date=2023-12-16 |website=DNA India |language=en}}</ref>

==== President of [[Bharatiya Janata Party]], [[Bharatpur district|Bharatpur]] (2019 - 2023) ====
On 17 December 2019, Shailesh was appointed the President of [[Bharatiya Janata Party]], [[Bharatpur district]]. His tenure was critical of the state government's actions pertinent to social welfare, protection of religious places and spiritual individuals and students’ rights. He is credited with the [[Bharatiya Janata Party|Bharatiya Janata Party's]] sweeping five of the seven assembly seats in [[Bharatpur district]]. In view of the upcoming 2023 elections, Shailesh resigned from the post of party district President on 17 January 2023.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Bhaskar |first=Bharatpur |date=18 December 2019 |title=Dr. Shailesh Singh appointed Bharatpur BJP President |work=Dainik Bhaskar |url=https://www.bhaskar.com/rajasthan/bharatpur/news/rajasthan-news-dr-shailesh-singh-appointed-as-new-district-president-of-bjp-080051-6202472.html}}</ref>

==== Member of Legislative Assembly [[Deeg-Kumher Assembly constituency|Deeg-Kumher]] (2023 - Present) ====
On 3 December 2023, Shailesh was declared winner from the [[Deeg-Kumher Assembly constituency]], defeating [[Indian National Congress|Indian National Congress's]] [[Vishvendra Singh]] by a margin of 7895 votes. This was the second defeat of the erstwhile Royal family of [[Bharatpur State]] since independence, the first being in 2008, when Shailesh's father had defeated Vishvendra.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rajasthan Elections Constituencies List 2018, Rajasthan Vidhan Sabha Election Seats List 2018, Candidates Names, Map, Results |url=https://indianexpress.com/elections/rajasthan-election-constituencies-list-2018/deeg-kumher-elections-2018-results/ |access-date=2023-12-16 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-12-05 |title=Rajasthan Assembly Results: Dr Shailesh Singh Wins Deeg Kumher Assembly |url=https://timelinedaily.com/elections/rajasthan-assembly-results-dr-shailesh-singh-wins-deeg-kumher-assembly |access-date=2023-12-16 |website=TimelineDaily |language=en-US}}</ref>

Shailesh's win against Vishvendra, the only second time since independence that the royal house of [[Bharatpur district|Bharatpur]] faced defeat, the first being by his father, pitted him as a strong contender for a ministry in the cabinet. After [[Bhajan Lal Sharma]], a former aide of Shailesh's father, [[Digamber Singh|Dr. Digamber Singh]], was chosen by the [[BJP]] leadership to be [[Chief Minister of Rajasthan]] in a surprise move, Shailesh was almost certain to get a cabinet berth. However, this did not happen. And for the first time no Jat leader was included in the cabinet from eastern Rajasthan. This reflected poorly on the [[BJP]], and the party lost the [[Bharatpur Lok Sabha constituency|Bharatpur Lok Sabha Constituency]] in 2024. The party lost by a margin of 2400 votes from Shailesh's constituency, [[Deeg-Kumher Assembly constituency|Deeg-Kumher]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=राजस्थान : मुख्यमंत्री डॉ. भजनलाल शर्मा के मंत्रिमंडल में किसकी दावेदारी, कितनी मजबूत? |url=https://www.indiatodayhindi.com/state/story/who-will-become-bhajan-lals-cabinet-colleague-729504-2023-12-21 |access-date=2024-07-22 |website=India Today Hindi |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=भरतपुर |first=सतपाल सिंह |title=डीग जिले से कांग्रेस का सूपड़ा साफ, तीनों बीजेपी विधायक मंत्री पद की दौड़ में, किसे मिलेगा मौका? |url=https://www.abplive.com/states/rajasthan/rajasthan-assembly-elections-2023-three-bjp-mlas-from-deeg-district-race-for-minister-from-deeg-for-rajasthan-ann-2557484 |access-date=2024-07-22 |website=ABP News |date=10 December 2023 |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=किरोड़ी लाल, राज्यवर्धन, मंजू बाघमार, सुरेंद्रपाल... राजस्थान में भजनलाल की टीम तैयार, देखें पूरी लिस्ट |url=https://rajasthan.ndtv.in/rajasthan-news/rajasthan-cabinet-expansion-2023-live-updates-cm-bhajan-lal-sharma-cabinet-ministers-swearing-in-ceremony-governor-kalraj-mishra-will-administer-oath-4764930 |access-date=2024-07-22 |website=rajasthan.ndtv.in |language=hi}}</ref>

In February 2024, Shailesh was appointed convenor of the government committee to review the demand for reservation by the Jat community, in the aftermath of the Jat agitation in January 2024. The committee referred the matter to the central commission in [[New Delhi]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=धौलपुर-भरतपुर जाट आरक्षण: दिल्ली में जाट समाज का प्रतिनिधि मंडल, सबको केंद्र के फैसले का इंतजार {{!}} News in Hindi |url=https://zeenews.india.com/hindi/india/rajasthan/jaipur/dholpur-bharatpur-jat-reservation-delegation-of-jat-community-in-delhi-for-meeting/2108224/amp |access-date=2024-07-22 |website=zeenews.india.com}}</ref>

In July 2024, Singh was successful in procuring budget sanctions worth 100 crore rupees ($11.9 million) for the 16 km long [[Deeg]] bypass project. In the Assembly, Shailesh had suggested a water lift program from the Sawai Khera depression to the [[Govardhan]] drain. The project with an estimated cost of 6.25 crores ($746,549) was approved in July 2024. Shailesh had also submitted a formal request for the upgradation of the [[Kumher]] community health centre (CHC) to the status of a hospital, which was accepted and approved by the Health Ministry and provisions made in the budget 2024. Another long due project of inaugurating a Veterinary Hospital in [[Kumher]] was approved after Shailesh's meeting with the Dairy & Animal Husbandry Minister in the same budget. Major projects in the development of the ‘Brij 84 Circumambulation’ arrangement were mandated by Shailesh in the budget 2024. In August 2024, Shailesh declared the government's approval for the establishment of an agriculture university in [[Kumher]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Admindelhi1 |date=2024-07-15 |title=Bharatpur: प्रभारी मंत्री ने डीग में बजट घोषणाओं को लेकर अधिकारियों के साथ बैठक की |url=https://jantaserishta.com/local/rajasthan/bharatpur-minister-in-charge-held-a-meeting-with-officials-regarding-budget-announcements-in-deeg-bharatpur--3392346 |access-date=2024-09-28 |website=jantaserishta.com |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-07-14 |title=राजस्थान बजट घोषणाओं की 7 दिन में कार्य योजनाएं ताकि उन पर जल्द काम शुरू हो सके : सुरेश सिंह रावत |url=https://www.m.khaskhabar.com//news.php/news-action-plans-for-rajasthan-budget-announcements-in-7-days-so-that-work-on-them-can-start-soon-suresh-singh-rawat-news-hindi-1-653476-KKN.html?short_url=news-action-plans-for-rajasthan-budget-announcements-in-7-days-so-that-work-on-them-can-start-soon-suresh-singh-rawat-news-hindi-1-653476-KKN |access-date=2024-09-28 |website=khas khabar |language=hi}}</ref>

Shailesh has been a vocal critic of the preceding [[Ashok Gehlot]] government's decision in their final year to create 19 new districts in [[Rajasthan]]. Calling it a blatant attempt at gerrymandering and political appeasing, Shailesh alleged in the Assembly that the previous government had completely neglected administrative feasibility and had ensued chaos by haphazardly drawing up boundaries of the new districts. In August 2024, Shailesh officially called in the assembly for the re-merger of the Rarah and close by tehsils into [[Bharatpur district|Bharatpur]] from [[Deeg]]. In popular opinion, it was the disgruntlement around the creation of the Deeg district that amped up public support for Shailesh in the run-up to the 2023 elections. The dissolution of districts is a highly convoluted process and Shailesh has said that he will attempt to reign in the “unmitigated disaster” by the previous administration through the intended delimitation and review in 2027.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Sharma |first=Devendra |date=28 July 2024 |title=Shailesh asks for the re-merger of Rarah with Bharatpur |url=https://www.bhaskar.com/local/rajasthan/bharatpur/kumher/news/mla-shailesh-raised-the-issue-of-merging-kumher-rarh-in-bharatpur-district-in-the-assembly-133373725.html |work=Dainik Bhaskar}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-01-12 |title=रारह को भरतपुर जिले में ही रखे जाने की मांग, सरपंच कुसुम ने दिया विधायक को ज्ञापन |url=https://www.m.khaskhabar.com/news/news-sarpanch-kusum-gave-a-memorandum-to-the-mla-demanding-that-rarah-be-kept-in-bharatpur-district-news-hindi-1-612088-KKN.html |access-date=2024-09-28 |website=khas khabar |language=hi}}</ref>

On 26 January 2025, India's 75th Republic Day, a controversy erupted after Shailesh took to media that he had received no invitation to attend the official ceremony in [[Bharatpur district|Bharatpur]]. He later requested Chief Minister [[Bhajan Lal Sharma]] to initiate an investigation against the Additional District Magistrate (ADM) in the matter. On 1 February 2025, Deeg ADM was notified that he awaits a new posting order.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rajasthan: विधायक को गणतंत्र दिवस कार्यक्रम में नहीं बुलाने का खामियाजा, डीग के एडीएम को कर दिया गया APO |url=https://zeenews.india.com/hindi/india/rajasthan/photo-gallery-rajasthan-bjp-mla-dr-shailesh-singh-republic-day-protest-leads-to-apo-of-deeg-adm/2627914/-2627916 |access-date=2025-02-03 |website=Zee News |language=hi}}</ref>

== Electoral career ==
{| class=“wikitable sortable”
|-
!Election
!Constituency
!
!Party
!Result
!Opponent
!Votes gained
!Margin
!Vote Share%
|-
|-
| [[2018 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|2018 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly Election]]
| [[Deeg-Kumher Assembly constituency|Deeg-Kumher]]
| {{Full party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| {{Lost}}
| [[Vishvendra Singh]], [[Indian National Congress]]
| 65,512
| 8,218 votes
| 40.35%
|-
| [[2023 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|2023 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly Election]]
| [[Deeg-Kumher Assembly constituency|Deeg-Kumher]]
| {{Full party name with colour| Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| {{Won}}
| [[Vishvendra Singh]], [[Indian National Congress]]
| 89,063
| 7,895 votes
| 48.54%
|-
|}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Singh, Shailesh}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Rajasthan MLAs 2023–2028]]
[[Category:1980 births]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Rajasthan]]

Dumka–Ranchi Intercity Express

2026-04-06T01:10:54Z

Vilianahdm: starting place

{{Short description|Train in India}}
{{more citations needed|date=July 2017}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2018}}
{{Infobox rail service
| name = Dumka - Ranchi Intercity Express
| logo =
| image = Dumka Ranchi Intercity Express.jpg
| caption = Dumka Ranchi Intercity Express at Madhupur Junction
| type = [[Express trains in India|Intercity]]
| first = {{start date and age|df=yes|2011|01|18}}
| last =
| operator = [[East Central Railway zone]]
| ridership =
| start = {{rws|Dumka}}
| stops = 18
| end = {{rws|Ranchi Junction}}
| distance = {{convert|395|km|0|abbr=on}}
| journeytime = 8 hours 17 mins
| frequency = Daily
| class = general unreserved
| seating = Yes
| sleeping = Yes
| autorack =
| catering = No
| observation =
| entertainment =
| baggage =
| other facilities =
| stock = Standard [[Indian Railways]] Coaches
| gauge = {{RailGauge|1676mm|al=on|allk=on}}
| electrification =
| trainnumber = 13319 / 13320
| speed = {{convert|40|km/h|0|abbr=on}}
| map =
| map_state =
}}
The 13319 / 20 '''Dumka - Ranchi Junction Intercity Express''' is a [[Express trains in India|Intercity]] express train belonging to [[Indian Railways]] [[East Central Railway zone]] that runs between {{rws|Dumka}} and {{rws|Ranchi Junction}} in [[India]].

It operates as train number 13319 from {{rws|Dumka}} to {{rws|Ranchi Junction}} and as train number 13320 in the reverse direction serving the states of [[Jharkhand]].<ref>[http://www.ser.indianrailways.gov.in/view_detail.jsp?lang=0&id=0,4,423&dcd=1091&did=1449837878144674630EFB11A6F4AC071C15308D0124B.web107], ''South Eastern Railway'', 12 December 2015</ref>

==Coaches==
The 13319 / 20 Dumka - Ranchi Junction Intercity Express has 10 general unreserved and two SLR (seating with luggage rake) coaches. It does not carry a [[Dining car|pantry car coach]].

As with most train services in India, coach composition may be amended at the discretion of Indian Railways depending on demand.

==Service==
The 13319 {{rws|Dumka}} - {{rws|Ranchi}} Intercity Express covers the distance of {{convert|330|km|0|abbr=on}} in 8 hours 5 mins (41 km/h) and in 8 hours 35 mins as the 13320 {{rws|Ranchi}} - {{rws|Dumka}} Intercity Express (41 km/h).

As the average speed of the train is lower than {{convert|55|km/h|0|abbr=on}}, as per railway rules, its fare doesn't includes a Superfast surcharge.

==Schedule==

Running days : '''Daily''' from both the sides.

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Train number !! Station code !! Departure station !! Departure time (IST) !! Arrival station !! Arrival time
|-
| 13320 || RNC || [[Ranchi Junction railway station|Ranchi]] || 1:20 PM || {{stnlnk|Dumka}} || Next day 11:10 PM
|-
| 13319 || DUMK || {{stnlnk|Dumka}} || 3:30 AM || [[Ranchi Junction railway station|Ranchi]] || Next day 12:50 PM
|}

==Routing==
The 13319 / 20 Dumka - Ranchi Intercity Express runs from {{rws|Dumka}} via {{rws|Jasidih}}, {{rws|Dhanbad}}, {{rws|Bokaro Steel City}} to {{rws|Ranchi}}.

==Traction==
As the route is going to electrification, a {{rws|Mughalsarai Junction}} based [[Indian locomotive class WAP-4|WAP-4]] electric locomotive pulls the train up to {{rws|Jasidih Junction}} later a {{rws|Howrah Junction}} based [[Indian locomotive class WDM-3A|WDM-3A]] locomotive pulls the train to its destination.

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*[https://indiarailinfo.com/train/deoghar-ranchi-intercity-express-13319/7907/9604/384 13319 Intercity Express] at India Rail Info
*[https://indiarailinfo.com/train/ranchi-deoghar-intercity-express-13320/7710/384/9604 13320 Intercity Express] at India Rail Info

{{Railway lines in Eastern India}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Deoghar - Ranchi Intercity Express}}
[[Category:Intercity Express (Indian Railways) trains]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Jharkhand]]
[[Category:Transport in Ranchi]]
[[Category:Transport in Deoghar]]

{{India-express-train-stub}}

T. Brinda

2026-04-03T17:09:31Z

Vilianahdm:

{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2020}}
{{Infobox musical artist
|name = T. Brinda
|image =
|caption =
|image_size =
|background = solo_singer
|birth_name =
|birth_date = 1912
|death_date = 1996 (aged 83)
|origin = [[Madras Presidency]], [[India]]
|genre = [[Carnatic music]]
|occupation = [[vocalist]] of [[Indian classical music]]
|instrument = [[vocals]], [[saraswati veena]]
|years_active =
|label =
|website =
}}
'''Thanjavur Brinda''' (1912-1996) was one of the representatives of the [[Veenai Dhanammal]] school of [[Carnatic Music]]. She was primarily a vocalist, although she also played the [[Veena]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2010-12-18/news-and-interviews/28229434_1_energy-and-precision-styles-chennai |title=Brinda's the ultimate: Hariharan - Times of India |website=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=17 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203060927/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2010-12-18/news-and-interviews/28229434_1_energy-and-precision-styles-chennai |archive-date=3 December 2013 |url-status=dead}}</ref> She is affectionately referred to as 'Brindamma', by her fans.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.thehindu.com/news/states/tamil-nadu/time-to-sing-her-praise/article4091413.ece| url-status = dead| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20121115232536/http://www.thehindu.com/news/states/tamil-nadu/time-to-sing-her-praise/article4091413.ece| archive-date = 2012-11-15| title = The Hindu : States / Tamil Nadu : Time to sing her praise| website = [[The Hindu]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hindu.com/fr/2006/12/15/stories/2006121502490700.htm |title=The Hindu : Friday Review Chennai / Music : Throwing light on a magnificent tradition |website=www.hindu.com |access-date=17 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203062204/http://www.hindu.com/fr/2006/12/15/stories/2006121502490700.htm |archive-date=3 December 2013 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hindu.com/fr/2004/08/27/stories/2004082702570600.htm |title=The Hindu : Vintage collection of padams |website=www.hindu.com |access-date=17 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041126051021/http://www.hindu.com/fr/2004/08/27/stories/2004082702570600.htm |archive-date=26 November 2004 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Musical style==
Brinda was born on 05-November-1912 in a family devoted to music. Brinda's grandmother, the legendary [[Veenai Dhanammal]], and mother Kamakshi were from Devadasi tradition. Her mother Kamakshi and father Soundararaja Iyengar were not legally married, and Brinda grew up in Dhanammal's extended family.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://guruguha.org/kvr-part-i/ | title=K V Ramachandran : The Man who discovered Sangraha Cudamani – Guruguhaorg | date=3 April 2009 }}</ref> Brinda had much of her initial training from her mother Kamakshi. This training was in the [[Veenai Dhanammal]] style, a style of [[Carnatic Music]] known for its unhurried, alluring movements, as also for its use of intricate [[gamaka (music)|gamaka]]s (graces) in the handling of [[raga]]s (modes). Grandmother Dhanammal herself taught Brinda some compositions. Additionally, Brinda trained for a substantial length of time under Shri [[Kanchipuram Naina Pillai]], whose style of music was marked by agility and robustness in laya (rhythm). After her training under Naina Pillai, Brinda learnt from her maternal aunt Lakshmiratnam.

She rendered [[raga]]s that featured complex patterns and subtle [[gamaka (music)|gamaka]]s, such as Begada, Mukhari, [[Sahana (raga)|Sahana]], Suruti, [[Varali]] and Yadukulakambhoji. She was a repository of [[Kshetrayya]] padams and javalis (romantic compositions rich in musical content) and many rare compositions of the [[Trinity of Carnatic Music]] and [[Patnam Subramania Iyer]].

In her earlier years, Brinda performed extensively with her younger sister, [[T. Muktha]]. Brinda and Mukta were often joined in their concerts by their violinist sister Abhiramasundari (1918-1973) but she succumbed to tuberculosis. In her later years (from 1970s onwards), she often performed with her daughter [[Vegavahini Vijayaraghavan]]. Like her mother, Vegavahini played Veena as well. Brinda did not wish to record commercially, hence only private recordings of her performances are available. Brinda was also a visiting artist at the [[University of Washington]] at [[Seattle]] from 1968–69 and 1977-78.

Brinda used to attend Tyagaraja Aradhana in Tiruvaiyyaru, but when their age slowed them in their 80s, she and M S Subbulakshmi would sometimes attend the one at the Tyagaraja Sangeeta Vidwat Samajam in Mylapore.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://msstribute.org/tribute-to-m-s-subbulakshmi/ | title=Tribute to M. S. Subbulakshmi – MS Subbulakshmi Biography }}</ref> She died on 06-August-1996, aged 83. <ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.sabhash.com/music/resource/12/my-guru---t.-brinda-by-geetha-raja.htm | title=Sabhash! }}</ref>

==Legacy==
Many talented and popular musicians were attracted by Brinda's musical scholarship and expertise, and trained under her. [[Carnatic Music]]ians such as [[Sangeetha Kalanidhi]]s [[Semmangudi Srinivasa Iyer]] and [[M.S. Subbulakshmi]] have learnt from her. The musicians [[Ramnad Krishnan]], [[Aruna Sairam]], [[N. Ravikiran|Chitravina Ravikiran]], B. Krishnamoorthy, Chitravina Ganesh, K.N. Shashikiran, Kiranavali Vidyasankar, Geetha Raja, B. Balasubrahmaniyan, and her daughter Vegavahini have been Brinda's full-time students. She taught music to other disciples like [[Sakuntala Narasimhan]], [[R K Srikanthan]], Dr Ritha Rajan, [[Alamelu Mani]] and [[Radha Namboodiri]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/mumbai/our-music-has-a-bright-future-says-doyenne-of-carnatic-music-alamelu-mani-5998043/ | title=Our music has a bright future, says doyenne of Carnatic music Alamelu Mani | date=16 September 2019 }}</ref> Her grandson and direct disciple Thiruvarur S. Girish is also an accomplished Carnatic musician.

==Awards==
* [[Sangeetha Kalasikhamani]] award bestowed by The Indian Fine Arts Society, Chennai in 1973
* The [[Sangeetha Kalanidhi]] award, considered the highest honour for a Carnatic musician, in 1976

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20040930060203/http://www.hindu.com/mag/2004/04/18/stories/2004041800310500.htm An article on Brinda] from The Hindu, newspaper.
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20100619162911/https://eee.uci.edu/programs/rgarfias/films.html Video Clippings of T Brinda]
* [http://aris.ss.uci.edu/rgarfias/kiosk/brinda.html MP3 Clips of T Brinda]

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Brinda, T}}
[[Category:Women Carnatic singers]]
[[Category:Carnatic singers]]
[[Category:Sangeetha Kalanidhi recipients]]
[[Category:1912 births]]
[[Category:1996 deaths]]
[[Category:Singers from Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian women singers]]
[[Category:Women musicians from Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Sangeet Natak Akademi Award]]
[[Category:Indian courtesans]]

Khatik

2026-03-27T17:56:21Z

Vilianahdm: cleanup page per standard format for accuracy

{{Short description|Schedule caste of India}}
{{For|people with the name|Khatik (surname)}}
{{pp-extended|small=yes}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2018}}
{{Infobox caste
| caste_name = Khatik
| image =
| caption =
| religions = [[Hinduism]], minority [[Islam]]
| languages = {{hlist|[[Hindi language|Hindi]]|[[Punjabi language|Punjabi]]|[[Rajasthani language|Rajasthani]]|[[Telugu language|Telugu]]|[[Marathi language|Marathi]]|[[Bhojpuri language|Bhojpuri]]|[[Kannada]]|[[Bengali language|Bengali]]|[[Gujarati language|Gujarati]]}}
| country = {{hlist|[[India]]|[[Nepal]]|[[Pakistan]]|[[Bangladesh]]}}<ref>{{cite book|title=A History of Pakistan and Its Origins|page=212|publisher=Anthem Press|first=Christophe|last=Jaffrelot}}</ref>
| populated_states = [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[Rajasthan]], [[Karnataka]], [[Madhya Pradesh]], [[Telangana]], [[Haryana]], [[Andhra Pradesh]], [[Punjab]], [[Maharashtra]], [[Delhi]], [[Jharkhand]], [[West Bengal]], [[Gujarat]].
| region =
| ethnicity =
| family_names =
| feudal_title =
| heraldic_title =
| notable_members =
| subdivisions =
| related =
}}
The '''Khatik''' is a caste found in the [[Indian subcontinent]], mainly modern-day India, Pakistan and Nepal.<ref name=":0" />

== History ==
The Khatik community has historically been a community of butchers, but they have occupied other occupations like tanners, fruit sellers and day labour. Their population is mixed between Hindus and Muslims. Like other Dalit communities, they were compelled to stay outside the settlements of caste Hindus in Dalit Bastis, which were not given many amenities. During the 19th centuries, Khatiks, like many other groups, often worked as migrant labourers on British government projects around the United Provinces. Although most were still very poor, some managed to find a niche in selling bristles to brush-makers in Europe and elsewhere. In the late Colonial period of Kanpur, there were several Khatik-owned firms in this business. Other business related to the butchery and tanning of animals continued in homes and businesses, often run by women. These bastis were looked down upon by high society, so several colonial laws were passed in 1929 which shut down home factories of leather and other products which were associated with the spread of disease. Attempts were also made by upper castes to 'clean' these bastis with soap and other materials.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=Kumar |first=Vijay |url=https://www.bloomsburycollections.com/monograph?docid=b-9789390252695 |title=Neighbourhoods in Urban India: In between Home and the City |date=2022 |publisher=BLOOMSBURY INDIA Bloomsbury Publishing India Pvt. Ltd |isbn=978-93-90252-69-5 |editor-last=Jha |editor-first=Sadan |edition=1 |chapter=Locating Dalit Bastis: The Sites of Everyday Silent Resistance and Works from the Late 19th-Century to the Mid-20th-Century United Provinces |pages=119–143 |doi=10.5040/9789390252695.ch-005 |editor-last2=Pathak |editor-first2=Dev Nath |editor-last3=Das |editor-first3=Amiya Kumar}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite journal |last=Bellwinkel-Schempp |first=Maren |date=September 1998 |title=The Khatiks of Kanpur and the Bristle Trade: Towards an Anthropology of Man and Beast |url=https://doi.org/10.1177/0038022919980204 |journal=Sociological Bulletin |volume=47 |issue=2 |pages=185–206 |doi=10.1177/0038022919980204 |issn=0038-0229|url-access=subscription }}</ref>

Often when the police entered a Khatik basti to disrupt or otherwise impede the livelihoods of one subgroup of the community, the rest would respond. For instance in Varanasi in 1931, police launched an operation against fruit and vegetable sellers and other occupations in the khatik basti. The day labourers also from that basti would strike and refuse to unload goods near railway stations. Several Khatik Congress leaders like Shivmangal Ram Vaidh and Shivlal organised strikes and protests among Khatik fruit and vegetable vendors against exploitation by big traders and businessmen. Khatik day labourers would mobilise under the Adi-Hindu Sabha against ''begaar'' (forced labour) system which was prevalent at the time. Often Khatik labourers would make holes in grain bags used by businessmen who cheated them of daily wages and collect the spilt grain for free. In the 1950s, the Khatiks were originally left off the Scheduled Caste list and launched a mass movement to be added. When the Kalekar Commission came to Dalit bastis in Kanpur, Allahabad and other places in UP, the Khatiks opened their tanneries and their houses so the commission could see how they smelled. Often the elite newspapers would label their bastis as ''suarbaade'' (pig pens) as Vartman did in 1943 in Kanpur.<ref name=":1" />

Some Khatiks also got enough education to become ''thekedars'' themselves, who would interceded on behalf of their fellows in the basti. They became leaders who replaced the old caste Panchayats and built temples and gurudwaras for the community. For instance a ''thekedar'' Bihari Lal Mistri and his sons were influential in Kanpur. They built a gurudwara and place of worship for the Sant Shivnarayan sect which was popular among Dalits in Uttar Pradesh at the time. When this movement was assimilated into the Adi-Hindu movement, the place continued to serve as a meeting point and spiritual centre for the community. Unlike other Dalit communities, Khatiks had no interest in attempting to Sanskritize themselves, only changing their surname to Sonkar.<ref name=":2" />

While many Khatiks maintained a large distance from Hinduism, some Khatiks embraced reformist Hindu ideologies. The ideology of Hindutva in particular began to penetrate parts of Khatik society and led to their distancing from Muslims, often because of their association with pigs, despite living close by each other. So in 1992 during the riots in Kanpur, a Khatik named Kala Bachcha who had political influence and had become a BJP councillor organised rioting against Muslims. His son [[Rahul Bachha Sonkar]] is a BJP MLA from Bilhaur. Today the Khatik-Muslim mixed areas are still known as communal hotspots today.<ref name=":2" /> Today Hindu outfits are attempting to bring in Khatiks as 'Hindu butchers', as opposed to the Muslim butchers who produce Halal meat, to convince Hindus to boycott Halal, supported by several Khatik BJP leaders.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Menon |first=Aditya |date=2022-04-08 |title=How Anti-Halal Campaign Is Linked to Hindutva Outreach to a Key Dalit Caste |url=https://www.thequint.com/news/india/boycott-halal-meat-navratri-jhatka-dalit-hindutva-bjp |access-date=2025-12-25 |website=TheQuint |language=en}}</ref>

== People ==
* '''Pinky Sonkar''' of [[Smile Pinki]] (2008) American [[documentary film]] directed by [[Megan Mylan]]<ref>[http://www.documentary.org/content/meet-filmmakers-megan-mylan-smile-pinki Megan Mylan--'Smile Pinki'] ''documentary.org''</ref><ref>[https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052970203658504574191661680777376 Wall Street Journal] ''Good News From the Real World.''</ref> which won the [[81st Academy Awards|81st Academy Award]] for [[Academy Award for Best Documentary (Short Subject)|Best Documentary (Short Subject)]].
* [[Heeralal Samariya]] Ex [[Indian Administrative Service|IAS]] & Ex Chief Commissioner of the [[Central Information Commission]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://globalkhatik.com/%e0%a4%86%e0%a4%a6%e0%a4%b0%e0%a4%a3%e0%a5%80%e0%a4%af-%e0%a4%b6%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%b0%e0%a5%80-%e0%a4%b9%e0%a5%80%e0%a4%b0%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%b2%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%b2-%e0%a4%b8%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%ae%e0%a4%b0/|title=आदरणीय श्री हीरालाल सामरिया जी (मुख्य सूचना आयुक्त, भारत सरकार) से हुई प्रेरणादायक बैठक – समाज के उज्ज्वल भविष्य की ओर एक कदम – Global Khatik}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-11-06 |title=Heeralal Samariya appointed as chief information commissioner |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/heeralal-samariya-appointed-as-chief-information-commissioner-101699260619504.html |access-date=2023-11-07 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Narsingrao Suryawanshi]] (born 1952), Indian politician from Bidar
* [[Amar Singh Khatik]], [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|Member of the Legislative Assembly]] of Uttar Pradesh
* [[Banshi Lal Khatik]], Member of Legislative Assembly, [[Rajsamand]], [[Rajasthan]]
* [[Harishankar Khatik]], Member of Legislative Assembly, [[Jatara (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Jatara]]
* [[Ramesh Prasad Khatik]], Member of Legislative Assembly, [[Karera]], [[Madhya Pradesh]]
* [[Shakuntala Khatik]], Member of Legislative Assembly
* [[Uma Devi Khatik]], Member of Legislative Assembly, [[Hatta, Madhya Pradesh]]
* [[Virendra Kumar Khatik]], Protem Speaker, 7 times, Member of Parliament, [[Tikamgarh]], [[Madhya Pradesh]]
* [[Manoj Rajoria]] Ex [[member of parliament|MP]] from [[Karauli-Dholpur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Karauli-Dholpur]], [[Rajasthan]]
* [[Babulal Nagar]] Ex Minister [[Government of Rajasthan]]. Ex MLA, [[Dudu Assembly constituency|Dudu]] in Jaipur, Rajasthan <ref>{{cite web |title= राजनीतिक तौर पर|url=https://rajasthankhatiksamajmahasamiti.org/politically |website=Rajasthan Khatik Samaj MahaSamiti.org}}</ref>
*[[Dinesh Khatik]], Member of 17th Legislative Assembly, [[Hastinapur (Assembly constituency)|Hastinapur]], Uttar Pradesh
*[[Atul Khatik]], former MLA, Hastinapur
*[[Munshilal Khatik]], State cabinet minister, Madhya Pradesh.
*[[Uttamchand Khatik]] former MLA
*[[Shankar Lal Khatik]] former MP, Sagar
*[[Ganeshram Khatik]], former MLA,
*[[Kamta Prasad Khatik]], MLA, Kolaras
*[[Omprakash Khatik]], 3 times MLA, Kolaras
*[[Dariyav Khatik]], former MLA, Jhajjar

==Religion==

The etymology of the word Khatik comes from Sanskrit word ''khattka'' or ''kautik'' meaning butcher or hunter.{{citation needed|date=October 2025}}

Most of the modern-day Khatiks are [[Hindus]].

==Legal status==

[[Khatiks]] are identified as [[Scheduled Caste]] in Gujarat, Bihar, Jharkhand, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh, Telangana and Schedule Caste in Uttar Pradesh, Punjab, Himachal Pradesh, Haryana, General in Madhya Pradesh, West Bengal, Chhattisgarh, Rajasthan and Delhi.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://navbharattimes.indiatimes.com/metro/mumbai/politics/khatik-community-demands-to-be-included-in-scheduled-castes/articleshow/66266451.cms|title=खटीक समाज की मांग, अनुसूचित जाति में किया जाए शामिल|date=2018-10-18|website=Navbharat Times|language=hi|access-date=2019-06-22}}</ref>

== References ==

<references />

{{Khatik clans |state=collapsed|Sonkar=}}{{Authority control}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Khatik}}
[[Category:Indian castes]]
[[Category:Hindu communities]]
[[Category:Scheduled Castes of Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Scheduled Castes of Delhi]]
[[Category:Scheduled Castes of Rajasthan]]
[[Category:Scheduled Castes of West Bengal]]
[[Category:Scheduled Castes of Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:Scheduled Castes of Chhattisgarh]]
[[Category:Other Backward Classes of Gujarat]]
[[Category:Other Backward Classes of Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Other Backward Classes of Karnataka]]

Sagar (singer)

2026-03-25T17:30:01Z

Vilianahdm: adding a stub

{{family name hatnote|Gorthi|lang=Telugu}}{{short description|Indian playback singer }}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2025}}{{Use Indian English|date=December 2020}}
{{Infobox musical artist
| name = Sagar
| birth_name = Gorthi Vidya Sagar
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|YYYY|MM|DD}}
| birth_place = [[Vedurupaka]], [[Andhra Pradesh]], India
| origin =
| label = {{hlist|[[Aditya Music]]|[[Lahari Music]]}}
| spouse = {{Marriage|Mounica|2019}}
| occupation = {{hlist|singer|lyricist|performer}}
| years_active = 2004–present
| image = Singer-sagar-hires2.jpg
| honorific_suffix =
| caption = Sagar in 2015
}}
'''Gorthi Vidya''' '''Sagar''', popularly known as '''Sagar''', is an Indian playback singer, lyricist and dialogue writer who predominantly works in [[Telugu cinema]] and Telugu music.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Telugu|first=TV9|date=29 September 2020|title=రాక్‌స్టార్ తమ్ముడి కొత్త రూట్‌.. పూరీతో పనిచేస్తున్న సాగర్‌ – Singer Sagar Puri Jagannadh|url=https://tv9telugu.com/singer-sagar-working-with-puri-jagannadh-for-fighter-320737.html|access-date=2020-12-28|website=TV9 Telugu|language=te-IN}}{{Dead link|date=July 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Tfn|first=Team|title=Sagar|url=https://www.thetelugufilmnagar.com/celebs/sagar/|access-date=2020-12-28|website=Telugu Filmnagar|language=en-US}}</ref> He started his singing career with the film ''[[Varsham (2004 film)|Varsham]]'' (2004), composed by his brother [[Devi Sri Prasad]]. "Top Lechipoddi", "Sailaja Sailaja", "Nannaku Prematho", "Pakka Local", "Jatha Kalise", "Nammaka Thappani" and "Hello Guru Prema Kosame" are some of his popular songs.

== Personal life and career ==
Sagar started his career with the film ''[[Varsham (2004 film)|Varsham]]'' (2004) and then sang around 80 songs. He has mostly collaborated with his brother [[Devi Sri Prasad]] in [[Playback singer|playback singing]]. In June 2019, he married Dr. Mounica.<ref>{{Cite news|title=DSP's brother Sagar gets married, music composer posts pictures – Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/music/dsps-brother-sagar-gets-married-music-composer-posts-pictures/articleshow/70159840.cms|access-date=2020-12-28|website=The Times of India|date=11 July 2019 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=10 July 2019|title=DSP's brother Sagar gets married – Telugu News|url=https://www.indiaglitz.com/dsp-brother-sagar-gets-married-telugu-news-240060|access-date=2020-12-28|website=IndiaGlitz.com}}</ref> He turned into dialogue writer with the film [[Rakshasudu (2019 film)|''Rakshasudu'']].<ref>{{Citation|title=Kierkegaard—What "Kind of" Writer? A Dialogue|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781350055988.ch-013|work=Authorship and Authority in Kierkegaard's Writings|year=2018|publisher=Bloomsbury Academic|doi=10.5040/9781350055988.ch-013|isbn=978-1-350-05595-7|access-date=2020-12-28|url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=8 June 2019|title=మాటల రచయితగా మారిన సింగర్‌|url=https://www.sakshi.com/news/movies/singer-sagar-dialogue-writer-rakshasudu-movie-1196315|access-date=2020-12-28|website=Sakshi|language=te}}</ref> He is the son of veteran writer [[G. Satyamurthy]], who died on 14 December 2015.

== Discography ==

=== As playback singer ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+
!Year
!Album
!Song(s)
!Language
!Composer
!Notes
|-
|2003
|[[Varsham (2004 film)|''Varsham'']]
|"Neeti Mullai"
| rowspan="6" |Telugu
| rowspan="50" |[[Devi Sri Prasad]]
|
|-
|2004
|[[Arya (2004 film)|''Arya'']]
|"Nuvvunte"
|
|-
| rowspan="5" |2005
| rowspan="2" |''[[Nuvvostanante Nenoddantana]]''
|"Paripoke Pitta"
|
|-
|"Padam Kadalanantundha"
|
|-
|''[[Oka Oorilo]]''
|"Ye Maikam"
|
|-
|[[Bunny (2005 film)|''Bunny'']]
|"Jabilammavo"
|
|-
|''[[Mazhai]]''
|"Muthu Mazhaiye"
|Tamil
|
|-
|2006
|''[[Bommarillu]]''
|"Nammaka Thappani"
| rowspan="4" |Telugu
|
|-
|2006
|''[[Pournami (2006 film)|Pournami]]''
|"Yevaro Raavali(Duet)"
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |2007
|''[[Shankar Dada Zindabad]]''
|"Good Morning Hyderabad"
|
|-
|[[Tulasi (2007 film)|''Tulasi'']]
|"Nee Kallathoti"
|
|-
| rowspan="4" |2008
|''[[Santosh Subramaniam]]''
|"Uyire Uyire Piriyadhey"
|Tamil
|
|-
|[[Ready (2008 film)|''Ready'']]
|"Naa Pedavulu Nuvvaithe"
|Telugu
|
|-
|''[[Sangama (film)|Sangama]]''
|"Sangama"
|Kannada
|
|-
|[[King (2008 film)|''King'']]
|"O Manmadhuda"
| rowspan="4" |Telugu
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |2009
|[[Current (2009 film)|''Current'']]
|"Rekkalu"
|
|-
|''[[Arya 2]]''
|"Karige Loga (D-Plugged)"
|
|-
|rowspan="2"|2010
|''[[Namo Venkatesa]]''
|"Nee Kallalo"
|
|-
|''[[Kutty (2010 film)|Kutty]]''
|"Yaaro En Nenjai"
|Tamil
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |2011
|[[Mr. Perfect (film)|''Mr. Perfect'']]
|"Aakasam Badhalaina"
|rowspan="5"|Telugu
|
|-
|''[[Dhada]]''
|"Chinnaga Chinnaga"
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |2012
|[[Julai (soundtrack)|''Julayi'']]
|"Mee Intiki Mundu"
|
|-
|''[[Sarocharu]]''
|"Gusa Gusa"
|
|-
|2013
|''[[Iddarammayilatho]]''
|"Top Lechipoddi"
|
|-
|2014
|[[Veeram (2014 film)|''Veeram'']]
|"Ival Dhaana"
|Tamil
|
|-
| rowspan="6" |2015
|''[[Yevadu]]''
|"Pimple Dimple"
| rowspan="18" |Telugu
|
|-
|[[Legend (2014 film)|''Legend'']]
|"Lasku Tapa"
|
|-
|''[[S/O Satyamurthy]]''
|"Jaaruko"
|
|-
|''[[Shivam (2015 Telugu film)|Shivam]]''
|"Andamaina Lokam"
|
|-
|''[[Srimanthudu]]''
|"Jatha Kalise"
|
|-
|''[[Kumari 21F]]''
|"Baby U Gonna Miss Me"
|
|-
| rowspan="4" |2016
|''[[Nenu Sailaja]]''
|"Sailaja Sailaja"
|
|-
|''[[Nannaku Prematho]]''
|"Nannaku Prematho"
|
|-
|''[[Sardaar Gabbar Singh]]''
|"Nee Chepakallu"
|
|-
|''[[Janatha Garage]]''
|"Pakka Local"
|
|-
| rowspan="7" |2017
| rowspan="2" |''[[Nenu Local]]''
|"Next Enti"
|
|-
|"Side Please"
|Additional Vocals
|-
|''[[Rarandoi Veduka Chudham]]''
|"Bhramaramba"
|
|-
|''[[DJ: Duvvada Jagannadham]]''
|"Box Baddhalai Poyi"
|
|-
|''[[Jaya Janaki Nayaka]]''
|"A For Apple"
|
|-
|''[[Vunnadhi Okate Zindagi]]''
|"Vunnadi Okate Zindagi"
|
|-
|''[[Middle Class Abbayi]]''
|"Kothaga"
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |2018
|''[[Hello Guru Prema Kosame]]''
|"Hello Guru Prema Kosame"
|
|-
|''[[Rangasthalam|Rangasthala]]''
|"Entha Muddagidiye"
|Kannada
|Dubbed version
|-
|2019
|''[[F2: Fun and Frustration]]''
|"Girra Girra"
| rowspan="6" |Telugu
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |2021
|''[[Alludu Adhurs]]''
|"Nadhila Nadhila"
|
|-
|''[[Rang De]]''
|"Bus Stande Bus Stande"
|
|-
| rowspan="5" |2022
|''[[Aadavallu Meeku Joharlu (2022 film)|Aadavaallu Meeku Joharlu]]''
|"Awesome"
|
|-
|[[F3 (film)|''F3'']]
|"Woo Aaa Aha Aha"
|
|-
|[[Khiladi (2022 film)|''Khiladi'']]
|"Full Kick"
|
|-
|''[[Liger (film)|Liger]]''
|"Akdi Pakdi"
|Tamil
|Lijo George, DJ Chetas, [[Sunil Kashyap]]
|Dubbed version
|-
|''[[Ranga Ranga Vaibhavanga]]''
|"Ranga Ranga Vaibhavanga"
| rowspan="2" |Telugu
| rowspan="2" |[[Devi Sri Prasad]]
|
|-
|2024
|''[[Kanguva]]''
|"Yolo"
|Dubbed version
|}

=== As lyricist ===
{| class="wikitable"
!Year
!Film
!Song
!Composer
!Language
|-
|2016
|''[[Nenu Sailaja]]''
|"The Night Is Still Young"
|[[Devi Sri Prasad]]
|Telugu
|-
| rowspan="2" |2022
| rowspan="2" |''[[Liger (film)|Liger]]''
|"The Liger Hunt Theme"
|[[Vikram Montrose]]
| rowspan="2" |Tamil
|-
|"Akdi Pakdi"
|Lijo George Dj Chetas [[Sunil Kashyap]]
|}

=== As composer ===
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Year
!Film
!Director
!Notes
|-
|2017
|''Kachche Din''
|Shailendra Singh
|Hindi short film
|}

== Filmography ==

=== As dialogue writer ===
{| class="wikitable"
!Year
!Film
!Director
!Language
!Notes
|-
|2019
|[[Rakshasudu (2019 film)|''Rakshasudu'']]
|[[Ramesh Varma]]
|Telugu
|Debut as Dialogue writer
|}

== Awards and nominations ==
{| class="wikitable"
!Year
!Award
!Category
!Song
!Film Album
!Result
|-
|2005
|[[Nandi Awards]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://ipr.ap.nic.in/New_Links/Film.pdf|title=నంది అవార్డు విజేతల పరంపర (1964–2008)|trans-title=A series of Nandi Award Winners (1964–2008)|publisher=[[Andhra Pradesh (magazine)|Information & Public Relations of Andhra Pradesh]]|access-date=21 August 2020}}(in [[Telugu language|Telugu]])</ref>
|[[Nandi Award for Best Male Playback Singer|Best Male Playback Singer]]
|"Nuvvunte"
|[[Arya (2004 film)|''Arya'']]
|{{won}}
|-
|[[53rd Filmfare Awards South|2006]]
|[[Filmfare Awards South]]
|[[Filmfare Award for Best Male Playback Singer – Telugu|Best Male Playback Singer – Telugu]]
|"Jabilammavo"
|[[Bunny (2005 film)|''Bunny'']]
|{{nom}}
|-
|[[5th South Indian International Movie Awards|2016]]
|[[South Indian International Movie Awards]]
|[[SIIMA Award for Best Male Playback Singer – Telugu|Best Male Playback Singer – Telugu]]
| rowspan="2" |"Jatha Kalise"
| rowspan="2" |''[[Srimanthudu]]''
|{{won}}
|-
|[[1st IIFA Utsavam|2016]]
|[[IIFA Utsavam]]
|Best Male Playback Singer – Telugu
|{{won}}
|-
|[[6th South Indian International Movie Awards|2017]]
|[[South Indian International Movie Awards]]
|[[SIIMA Award for Best Male Playback Singer – Telugu|Best Male Playback Singer – Telugu]]
|"Sailaja Sailaja"
|''[[Nenu Sailaja]]''
|{{won}}
|}

== References ==
<references />{{SIIMA Award for Best Male Playback Singer – Telugu}}{{Devi Sri Prasad}}
{{Authority control}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Telugu-language playback singers]]
[[Category:People from East Godavari district]]
[[Category:Musicians from Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Singers from Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Writers from Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian male singers]]
[[Category:Indian composers]]
[[Category:Filmfare Awards South winners]]
[[Category:International Indian Film Academy Awards winners]]
[[Category:South Indian International Movie Awards winners]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Devi Sri Prasad]]
[[Category:IIFA Utsavam winners]]

Central Information Commission

2026-03-24T18:20:53Z

Vilianahdm: further update details for clarity and fixed typos

{{Short description|Statutory body in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2018}}

{{Infobox government agency
| name = Central Information Commission
| nativename = (केंद्रीय सूचना आयोग)
| commonname =
| logo = File:Central Information Commission logo.png
| logo_width = 160px
| logo_caption = The official logo of Central Information Commission
| imagesize =
| motto =
| mottotranslated =
| formed = {{Start date and age|df=yes|2005|10|12}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://cic.gov.in/introduction|title=Introduction|website=Central Information Commission|access-date=10 January 2018}}</ref>
| preceding1 =
| dissolved =
| superseding =
| employees =
| volunteers =
| budget = {{INRConvert|25.1935|c}} (2015–16)<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://cic.gov.in/sites/default/files/Reports/CIC%20Annual%20Report%20English-2015-16_0.pdf|title=Annual Report for 2015–16|website=Central Information Commission|page=23|access-date=10 January 2018}}</ref>
| chief1_name = [[Raj Kumar Goyal]]
| legalpersonality =
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| type = commission
| seal =
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| headquarters = CIC Bhawan, Baba Gang Nath Marg, Staff Quarters, Old JNU Campus, [[Munirka]], [[South Delhi]], [[Delhi]] - 110067
| hqlocmap =
| hqlocmapwidth =
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| hqlocmapborder =
| hqlocleft =
| hqloctop =
| hqlocmappoptitle =
| sworntype =
| sworn =
| unsworntype =
| unsworn =
| unsworntype1 =
| unsworn1 =
| multinational =
| electeetype =
| minister1name =
| minister1pfo =
| chief1name =
| chief1position =
| parentagency =
| child1agency =
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| keydocument1 = {{URL|http://righttoinformation.gov.in/rti-act.pdf|RTI Act, 2005 (Act no. 22 of 2005)}}
| website = {{URL|www.cic.gov.in}}
| footnotes =
| reference =
}}

The '''Central Information Commission''' is a statutory body,<ref>{{cite web | url=https://cic.gov.in/introduction | title=Introduction | Central Information Commission }}</ref> set up under the [[Right to Information Act]] in 2005<ref name="CIC Annual Report 2005-06">{{cite web|title=CIC Annual Report 2005-06|url=http://www.cic.gov.in/AnnualReports/AR-200506/MainReport.pdf|access-date=18 February 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110121093716/http://cic.gov.in/AnnualReports/AR-200506/MainReport.pdf|archive-date=21 January 2011|page=14}}</ref> under the [[Government of India]] to act upon complaints from those individuals who have not been able to submit information requests to a Central Public Information Officer or State Public Information Officer due to either the officer not have been appointed, or because the respective Central Assistant Public Information Officer or State Assistant Public Information Officer refused to receive the application for information under the Right to Information Act.<ref>{{cite web| url=http://cic.gov.in/index.html| title=Powers and functions of the information commissions| access-date=24 April 2011| author=Central Information Commission, Government of India| work=Primary source| publisher=Central Information Commission, Government of India| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110303143717/http://cic.gov.in/index.html| archive-date=3 March 2011| url-status=dead}}</ref>

The commission includes one chief information commissioner and not more than ten information commissioners who are appointed by the [[President of India]] on the recommendation of a committee consisting of the Prime Minister as chairperson, the Leader of Opposition in the Lok Sabha and a Union Cabinet Minister to be nominated by the Prime Minister. Two women have been chief information commissioners: Deepak Sandhu (fourth chief information commissioner overall) and Sushma Singh (fifth overall). The oath to CIC is administered by President of India.

==Chief Information Commissioners==
The following have held the post of the chief Information Commissioners.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://cic.gov.in/former-cic-and-ic | title=Former Chief ICs | Central Information Commission }}</ref>

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"
|+ List of Central information Commissioners
|-
! No.
! Name
! Took office
! Left office
|-
|1
|[[Wajahat Habibullah]]
|{{dts|format=dmy|2005|10|26}}
|{{dts|format=dmy|2010|9|19}}
|-
|2
|[[A. N. Tiwari]]
|{{dts|format=dmy|2010|9|30}}
|{{dts|format=dmy|2010|12|18}}
|-
|3
|[[Satyananda Mishra]]
|{{dts|format=dmy|2010|12|19}}
|{{dts|format=dmy|2013|09|4}}
|-
|4
|[[Deepak Sandhu]]
|{{dts|format=dmy|2013|09|5}}
|{{dts|format=dmy|2013|12|18}}
|-
|5
|[[Sushma Singh]]
|{{dts|format=dmy|2013|12|19}}
|{{dts|format=dmy|2014|5|21}}
|-
|6
|[[Rajiv Mathur]]
|{{dts|format=dmy|2014|5|22}}
|{{dts|format=dmy|2014|8|22}}
|-
|7
|[[Vijai Sharma]]
|{{dts|format=dmy|2015|6|10}}
|{{dts|format=dmy|2015|12|1}}
|-
|8
|[[Radha Krishna Mathur]]
|{{dts|format=dmy|2016|01|4}}
|{{dts|format=dmy|2018|11|24}}
|-
|9
|[[Sudhir Bhargava]]
|{{dts|format=dmy|2019|01|1}}
|{{dts|format=dmy|2020|1|11}}
|-
|10
|[[Bimal Julka]]
|{{dts|format=dmy|2020|03|6}}
|{{dts|format=dmy|2020|8|26}}
|-
|11
|[[Yashvardhan Kumar Sinha]]
|{{dts|format=dmy|2020|11|7}}
|{{dts|format=dmy|2023|10|3}}
|-
|12
|[[Heeralal Samariya]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-11-06 |title=Heeralal Samariya appointed as chief information commissioner |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/heeralal-samariya-appointed-as-chief-information-commissioner-101699260619504.html |access-date=2023-11-07 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref>
| 6 November 2023
| 13 September 2025
|-
|13
|[[Raj Kumar Goyal]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Chief Information Commissioner Post: Raj Kumar Goyal Likely Pick |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/india/former-law-secretary-raj-kumar-goyal-appointed-as-chief-information-commissioner-3829880 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251214015737/https://www.deccanherald.com/india/former-law-secretary-raj-kumar-goyal-appointed-as-chief-information-commissioner-3829880 |archive-date=2025-12-14 |access-date=2025-12-14 |website=Deccan Herald |language=en}}</ref>
|15 December 2025
| -
|}

==State Information Commission==

Following is the list of State Information Commissions.
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Rank || State || States Information commission
|-
|1
|[[Andhra Pradesh]]
|[[Andhra Pradesh Information Commission]]
|-
|2
|[[Arunachal Pradesh]]
|[[Arunachal Pradesh Information Commission]]
|-
|3
|[[Assam]]
|[[Assam Information Commission]]
|-
|4
|[[Bihar]]
|[[Bihar Information Commission]]
|-
|5
|[[Chhattisgarh]]
|[[Chhattisgarh State Information Commission]]
|-
|6
|[[Goa]]
|[[Goa State Information Commission]]
|-
|7
|[[Gujarat]]
|[[Gujarat State Information Commission]]
|-
|8
|[[Haryana]]
|[[Haryana State Information Commission]]
|-
|9
|[[Karnataka]]
|[[Karnataka State Information Commission]]
|-
|10
|[[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu & Kashmir]]
|[[Jammu & Kashmir State Information Commission]]
|-
|11
|[[Kerala]]
|[[Kerala State Information Commission]]
|-
|12
|[[Madhya Pradesh]]
|[[Madhya Pradesh State Information Commission]]
|-
|13
|[[Maharashtra]]
|[[Maharashtra State Information Commission]]
|-
|14
|[[Meghalaya]]
|[[Meghalaya State Information Commission]]
|-
|15
|[[Mizoram]]
|[[Mizoram Information Commission]]
|-
|16
|[[Nagaland]]
|[[Nagaland Information Commission]]
|-
|17
|[[Orissa]]
|[[Odisha State Information Commission]]
|-
|18
|[[Punjab, India|Punjab]]
|[[Punjab State Information Commission]]
|-
|19
|[[Rajasthan]]
|[[Rajasthan Information Commission]]
|-
|20
|[[Sikkim]]
|[[Sikkim State Information Commission]]
|-
|21
|[[Tamil Nadu]]
|[[Tamil Nadu Information Commission]]
|-
|22
|[[Tripura]]
|[[Tripura State Information Commission]]
|-
|22
|[[Uttarakhand]]
|[[Uttarakhand Information Commission]]
|-
|22
|[[Uttar Pradesh]]
|[[Uttar Information Commission]]
|-
|22
|[[Telangana]]
|[[Telangana Information Commission]]
|-
|23
|[[Himachal Pradesh]]
|[[Himachal Pradesh Information Commission]]
|-
|24
|[[Manipur]]
|[[Manipur Information Commission]]
|-
|25
|[[West Bengal]]
|[http://wbic.gov.in/ West Bengal Information Commission]
|-
|25
|[[Jharkhand]]
|[http://onlinejsic.jharkhand.gov.in/ Jharkhand State Information Commission] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210117065208/http://onlinejsic.jharkhand.gov.in/ |date=17 January 2021 }}
|-
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}<ref>{{Cite web|title=Shri Yashvardhan Kumar Sinha {{!}} Central Information Commission|url=https://cic.gov.in/node/2490|access-date=2020-10-31|website=cic.gov.in}}</ref>{{Indian commissions}}
{{Portal bar|India|Law}}

{{authority control}}

[[Category:Right to Information in India]]
[[Category:Government agencies of India]]
[[Category:Organisations based in Delhi]]
[[Category:Government agencies established in 2005]]
[[Category:2005 establishments in Delhi]]

Grahan (2021 TV series)

2026-03-11T12:12:47Z

Vilianahdm: starting new info

{{short description|2021 Indian streaming Web TV series}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2020}}
{{Infobox television
| image = Grahan Hotstar Poster.jpeg
| caption = Promotional poster
| genre = [[Crime film|Crime]] [[Drama (genre)|Drama]]
| based_on = {{based on|''Chaurasi''|[[Satya Vyas]]}}
| creator = Shailendra Kumar Jha
| director = Ranjan Chandel
| starring = {{Plainlist|
* [[Zoya Hussain]]
* [[Pawan Malhotra]]
* [[Anshumaan Pushkar]]
* [[Wamiqa Gabbi]]
}}
| writer = {{ubl|Anu Singh Choudhary|Vibha Singh| Prateek Payodhi |Navjot Gulati| Ranjan Chandel|Shailendra Kumar Jha}}
| theme_music_composer =
| composer = {{Plainlist |
*[[Amit Trivedi]] (songs)
* Daniel B. George (background score)
}}
| country = [[India]]
| language = Hindi
| num_episodes = 8
| location = India
| cinematography = Kamaljeet Negi
| editor = Shan Mohammed
| network = [[Hotstar]]
| first_aired = {{Start date|df=y|2021|6|24}}
| last_aired =
| company = [[Jar Pictures]]
| executive_producer =
| producer = Ajay G. Rai
| runtime = 45-55 min
| num_seasons = 1
| list_episodes =
| related =
}}

'''''Grahan''''' is an Indian [[Hindi]] [[crime drama]] television series created by Shailendra Kumar Jha and directed by Ranjan Chandel for [[Hotstar]] based on the book ''Chaurasi'' by [[Satya Vyas]]. The series stars [[Pawan Malhotra]], [[Zoya Hussain]], [[Anshumaan Pushkar]] and [[Wamiqa Gabbi]]. The series premiered on Hotstar on June 24, 2021.<ref name="Lifestyle Asia India 2021">{{cite web | title=Grahan real story, series cast & more about the Hotstar Specials show | website=Lifestyle Asia India | date=2021-06-25 | url=https://www.lifestyleasia.com/ind/culture/entertainment/real-story-of-grahan-series-cast-based-on-chaurasi-novel-hotstar-specials/ | access-date=2021-06-26}}</ref>

== Overview ==
Amrita Singh, a young [[Indian Police Service|IPS]] officer, resigns fed up with political interference at work, opting to marry her longstanding beau in [[Canada]]. That's when she learns that her father Gursevak Singh, a Sikh himself, is a prime accused of [[1984 anti-Sikh riots]] in [[Bokaro Steel City|Bokaro]], [[Jharkhand]].

Amrita decides to stay on in the police force to unravel the truth. Through Amrita’s investigation emerges a tender love story of trust, betrayal and supreme sacrifice, where we see a beautiful old-world romance of Rishi and Manu, a [[Hindus|Hindu]] boy and a [[Sikhs|Sikh]] girl in 1984. As the story progresses, secrets from the past about identities and relationships come tumbling out one after another, while at the social-political canvas the situations in 1984 and 2016 present some chilling and uncanny similarities too.

== Cast ==
* [[Pawan Malhotra]] as Gurusevak / Rishi Ranjan (older)
** [[Anshumaan Pushkar]] as Rishi Ranjan (younger)
* [[Zoya Hussain]] as [[Superintendent of police (India)|SP]] Amrita Singh
* [[Wamiqa Gabbi]] as Manjeet Kaur Chhabra / Manu (younger)
**Donny Kapoor as Manjeet Kaur Chhabra / Manu (older)
* Teekam Joshi as Sanjay Kumar Singh / Chunnu Babu
*[[Sahidur Rahman]]<ref name="The New Indian Express 2021">{{cite web | title=Hotstar Specials' series 'Grahan' to premiere on June 24 | website=The New Indian Express | date=2021-06-12 | url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/hindi/2021/jun/12/hotstar-specials-series-grahan-to-premiere-on-june-24-2314942.html | access-date=2021-06-26}}</ref> as [[Deputy superintendent of police|DSP]] Vikas Mandal
*Abhinav Pateriya as Jaydev Agarwal / Jhandu
*Namrata Varshney as Pragya (younger)
*Shreedhar Dubey as Santosh and Suresh Jaiswal (double role)
*[[Nandish Sandhu]] as Kartik
*Sudhanva Deshpande as [[Deputy inspector general of police|DIG]] Ramavtaar Keshari
*[[Satyakam Anand]] as [[Chief minister (India)|CM]] Kedar Bhagat
*Abhash Makharia as Suraj
*Abhishek Tripathi as [[Station house officer|SHO]] Batuk Singh
*Sukhvinder Chahal as Mr. Chhabra, Manu's father
*Aarya Sharma as Mrs. Chhabra, Manu's mother
*Raj Sharma as Saini
*[[Anil Rastogi]] as Ramakant Thakur
*Saharsh Kumar Shukla as Guru
*Neelu Dogra as Pushpa Sanjay Singh
*Vijay Shukla as Agarwal
*Anshuman Rawat as Adhikari
*Bulloo Kumar as Kushal
*Sachin Mishra as a [[wikt:दंगा|danga]] informant
*Purva Parag as older pragya
*Akhilesh Yadav as [[rishi]] rioter
*Rubina as [[Criminal defense lawyer|defense lawyer]] assistant
*Bilaal Ahmed as danga terrace informant

== Production ==
{{Unreferenced section|date=April 2024}}
The series marked the debut of Ranjan Chandel as the director, known for working on ''[[Mukkabaaz]]'' (2018) as co-writer and also made his directorial debut with ''[[Bamfaad]]'' (2020). It is based on the novel ''Chaurasi'' by Satya Vyas, which portrays the romantic relationship between two couples in the backdrop of [[1984 anti-Sikh riots]].<ref name="firstpost2021">{{cite news |last=Patel |first=Meera |date=1 June 2021 |title=Director Ranjan Chandel on Grahan's emotional journey and roots in 1984 |url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/grahan-ranjan-chandel-interview |access-date=2025-06-11 |publisher=Firstpost}}</ref> Chandel stated that "I spend most of my time reading literature and poetry from all over the world and as a filmmaker, I want to tell stories of the characters who are rooted in Indian soil, and I connect with the stories where I find high emotional value." The pre-production for the series began in February 2020 but was put on hold due to [[COVID-19 pandemic lockdown in India]] in March 2020, which was resumed after the lockdown. The principal photography of the series started in September 2020 at [[Jaipur|Lucknow]], Uttar Pradesh and filming completed on 4 December 2020.<ref name="hindutimes2021">{{cite news |last=Bhatia |first=Rohan |date=5 December 2020 |title=Behind the camera: Grahan wraps up principal photography in Lucknow |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/grahan-lucknow-shoot-complete |access-date=2025-06-11 |publisher=Hindustan Times}}</ref>

== Soundtrack ==
{{Infobox album
| name = Grahan
| type = Soundtrack
| artist = [[Amit Trivedi]] and Daniel B. George
| released = 30 June 2021
| genre = [[Feature film soundtrack]]
| length = 13:04
| language = Hindi
| label = [[Sony Music India]]
}}
The soundtrack for ''Grahan'' features four songs composed by [[Amit Trivedi]] and Daniel B. George, with lyrics written by [[Varun Grover (writer)|Varun Grover]] and [[Swanand Kirkire]].<ref>{{Citation|title=Grahan (Music from the Original Web Series)|url=https://open.spotify.com/album/1U9Hac6hA27Yu31aj2dyDB|language=en|access-date=2021-07-04}}</ref>
{{Track listing
| title1 = Chori Chori
| lyrics4 = Varun Grover
| length3 = 02:26
| length2 = 03:32
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| extra4 = Asees Kaur, [[Javed Ali]]
| extra3 = [[Swanand Kirkire]], [[Madhubanti Bagchi]]
| extra2 = [[Asees Kaur]], [[Shahid Mallya]]
| music4 = Amit Trivedi
| music3 = Daniel B. George
| music2 = Amit Trivedi
| note4 = Reprise
| length1 = 03:35
| title4 = O Jogiya
| lyrics3 = [[Swanand Kirkire]]
| lyrics2 = Varun Grover
| title3 = Main Hoon Teri Parichayi
| title2 = O Jogiya
| extra1 = Abhijeet Srivatsava, Rupali Moghe
| music1 = [[Amit Trivedi]]
| lyrics1 = [[Varun Grover (writer)|Varun Grover]]
| headline = Track listing
| total_length = 13:04
| length4 = 03:30
}}

== Release ==
Grahan was premiered on [[Disney+ Hotstar]] globally on June 24, 2021. The first trailer was released on June 10, 2021.<ref name="Mid-Day 2021">{{cite web | title=Pavan Malhotra, Zoya Hussain to star in Disney+ Hotstar series 'Grahan'; trailer released | website=Mid-Day | date=2021-06-10 | url=https://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/web-series/article/pavan-malhotra-zoya-hussain-to-star-in-disney-hotstar-series-grahan-trailer-released-23177578 | access-date=2021-06-26}}</ref>

== Reception ==
Archika Khurana writing for ''[[The Times of India]]'' said, "Overall, 'Grahan' is an emotional tale that will leave you with a bag full of mixed emotions — love, hate, anguish, and betrayal. At times, it overwhelms too"<ref name="Khurana 2021">{{cite web | last=Khurana | first=Archika | title=Grahan Season 1 Review: A sensitively handled period drama with compassion | website=Times of India | date=2021-06-24 | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/web-series/reviews/hindi/grahan/grahan-season-1/seasonreview/83596031.cms | access-date=2021-06-26}}</ref> and has rated 3.5 stars out of 5.

Shweta Keshri writing for ''[[India Today]]'' expressed, "the series might also interest the millennial kids in trying to find out about a forgotten chapter and one of the dark chapters of Indian history, which is not often talked about."<ref name="India Today 2021">{{cite web | title=Grahan Review: New Disney+ Hotstar series on 1984 anti-Sikh riots is relevant in India today | website=India Today | date=2021-06-24 | url=https://www.indiatoday.in/binge-watch/story/grahan-review-new-disney-hotstar-series-on-1984-anti-sikh-riots-is-relevant-in-india-today-1818685-2021-06-24 | access-date=2021-06-26}}</ref>

Sana Farzeen writing for ''[[The Indian Express]]'' said, "An impactful series that finds resonance in today’s India."<ref name="Farzeen 2021">{{cite web | last=Farzeen | first=Sana | title=Grahan review: An impactful series that finds resonance in today's India | website=The Indian Express | date=2021-06-25 | url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/web-series/grahan-review-an-impactful-drama-that-finds-resonance-in-india-of-today-7372692/ | access-date=2021-06-26}}</ref> Saibal Chatterjee writing for [[NDTV]] expressed, "Grahan, an essential cautionary tale, isn't eclipsed by its own unerringly earnest devices. Recommended for its humanist core."<ref name="NDTV.com 2021">{{cite web | title=Grahan Review: Cautionary Tale Is Recommended For Its Humanist Core | website=NDTV.com | date=2021-06-25 | url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/grahan-review-cautionary-tale-is-recommended-for-its-humanist-core-2-5-stars-out-of-5-2471956 | access-date=2021-06-26}}</ref>

===Accolades===
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable"
|+
! scope="col" |Year
! scope="col" |Award
! scope="col" |Category
! scope="col" |Nominee
! scope="col" |Result
! scope="col" |Ref.
|-
| rowspan="10" |2021
| rowspan="10" |[[Filmfare OTT Awards]]
| Best Series (Drama)
| ''Grahan''
|{{nom}}
| rowspan=10 |<ref name="filmfare.com 2021">{{cite web | title=Nominees for the My Glamm Filmfare OTT Awards 2021 | website=filmfare.com | date=2021-12-02 | url=https://www.filmfare.com/features/nominees-for-the-my-glamm-filmfare-ott-awards-2021_-51683.html | access-date=2021-12-02}}</ref>
|-
| Best Director
| Ranjan Chandel
| {{nom}}
|-
| Best Actor (Male)
|[[Anshumaan Pushkar]]
| {{nom}}
|-
| Best Actor (Female)
| [[Zoya Hussain]]
| {{nom}}
|-
| Best Adapted Screenplay
| Shailendra Kumar Jha
| {{nom}}
|-
| Best Background Score
| Daniel B. George
| {{nom}}
|-
| Best Cinematography
| Kamaljeet Negi
| {{nom}}
|-
| Best Editor
| Shan Mohammed
| {{nom}}
|-
| Best Coustume Design
| Maxima Basu, Ajay KMR
| {{nom}}
|-
| Best Production Design
|Wasiq Khan
|{{nom}}
|}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|tt14820482}}

[[Category:2021 web series debuts]]
[[Category:Indian web series]]
[[Category:Hindi-language web series]]
[[Category:Hindi-language Disney+ Hotstar original programming]]
[[Category:1984 anti-Sikh riots]]
[[Category:Fiction about the insurgency in Punjab]]
[[Category:Indian historical television series]]
[[Category:Television series based on actual events]]
[[Category:Fiction about Sikhism]]
[[Category:Fictional portrayals of the Punjab Police (India)]]
[[Category:Television shows set in Jharkhand]]
[[Category:Television series set in 1984]]
[[Category:Television shows based on Indian novels]]
[[Category:Television shows set in Punjab, India]]
[[Category:Indian romance television series]]
[[Category:Indian drama television series]]
[[Category:Television series set in 2016]]
[[Category:Indian crime drama television series]]
[[Category:2020s police procedural television series]]
[[Category:Detective television series]]

2016 Durand Cup final

2026-03-11T03:38:46Z

Vilianahdm: done

{{Short description|Final of the 128th edition of the Durand Cup}}
{{main|2016 Durand Cup}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2025}}
{{Infobox football match
| title = 2016 Durand Cup final
| image =
| caption =
| event = [[2016 Durand Cup]]
| team1 = [[NEROCA F.C.|NEROCA]]
| team1score = 0
| team2 = [[Army Green (football club)|Army Green]]
| team2score = 0
| details = After [[Overtime (sports)#Association football|extra time]] Army Green won 6–5 on [[Penalty shootout (association football)|penalties]]
| date = 11 September 2016
| stadium = [[Ambedkar Stadium]]
| city = Delhi
| man_of_the_match1a =
| referee =
| attendance =
| weather =
| previous = [[2014 Durand Cup final|2014]]
| next = [[2019 Durand Cup final|2019]]
}}
The '''2016 Durand Cup final''' was the final match of the 128th edition of the [[Durand Cup]], a [[association football|football]] competition in India. The match was held on 11 September 2016 at the [[Ambedkar Stadium]] in Delhi.<ref>{{cite web|title=2016 Durand Cup Fixtures|url=https://www.theindianleague.in/p/2016-durand-cup-fixtures.html}}</ref>

==Match==
{{football box
|date= 11 September 2016
|time= 17:00
|team1= [[NEROCA F.C.|NEROCA]]
|score=0–0
|aet=yes
|report=https://khelnow.com/news/article/army_green_win_historic_first_durand_cup_title_after_dramatic_penalty_shootout
|team2= [[Army Green (football club)|Army Green]]
|goals1=
|goals2=
|stadium= [[Ambedkar Stadium]], Delhi
|attendance=
|referee=
|event=
|round=
|penaltyscore=5–6
|penalties1=
|penalties2=
}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://www.durandfootball.com/ Durand Cup website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110912221843/http://www.durandfootball.com/ |date=12 September 2011 }}.

{{Durand Cup}}
{{2016–17 in Indian football}}

[[Category:Durand Cup finals]]
[[Category:2016 in domestic association football cups]]
[[Category:2016–17 in Indian football]]
[[Category:2016 Durand Cup|Final]]
[[Category:Football competitions in New Delhi]]

Jalsa (2016 film)

2026-03-04T09:43:40Z

Vilianahdm: Content updated and refined

{{Use Indian English|date=March 2016}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2025}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Jalsa
| native_name = {{langx|mr|जलसा}}
| image = jalsa movie poster.jpg
| caption =
| director = Ashutosh Raj
| producer = Studio 9 Entertainment Ashutosh Raj
| story = [[Abhiram Bhadkamkar]] Ashutosh Raj
| starring = [[Bharat Ganeshpure]] Ashutosh Raj Nikhil Wairagar Sagar Karande Abhijit Chavan Girija Joshi Shital Ahirrao
| music =
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2016|10|21}}
| country = India
| language = [[Marathi language|Marathi]]
}}

'''''Jalsa''''' ({{Translation|Fun}}) is a 2016 [[Marathi language]] comedy film directed by Ashutosh Raj. The film stars [[Bharat Ganeshpure]], Sagar Karande, Abhijit Chavan, Ashutosh Raj, Nikhil Wairagar, Girija Joshi and Shital Ahirrao in pivotal roles. The story of the film is written by Ashutosh Raj and [[Abhiram Bhadkamkar]]. The film is produced by Studio 9 Entertainment and Ashutosh Raj.<ref name="indiatimes.com">{{cite web |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movies/news/Marathi-filmdom-gears-up-for-Jalsa/articleshow/50901476.cms?from=mdr |title=Marathi filmdom gears up for Jalsa |website=The Times of India |accessdate=4 September 2016}}</ref> In this film, [[Manasi Naik|Mansi Naik]] will be seen performing the song "Bai Vadyavar Ya" as a tribute to legendary Marathi actor [[Nilu Phule]]. This song is composed by Sameer Saptiskar, choreographed by Rajesh Bidve and sung by Anand Shinde.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://marathicineyug.com/news/latest-news/1224-bai-vadyavar-ya-song-from-jalsa-will-be-a-tribute-to-nilu-phule |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160606105734/http://marathicineyug.com/news/latest-news/1224-bai-vadyavar-ya-song-from-jalsa-will-be-a-tribute-to-nilu-phule |url-status=usurped |archive-date=6 June 2016 |title='Bai Vadyavar Ya' song from 'Jalsa' will be a tribute to Nilu Phule – Marathi Cineyug |first=Ajay |last=Kulye |accessdate=4 September 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://maharashtratimes.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/nilu-phule/articleshow/52536099.cms|title=निळूभाऊंना अशीहीश्रद्धांजली|website=Maharashtra Times}}</ref>

==Plot==
The story of this film is about two youngsters Amar (Ashutosh Raj) & Prem (Nikhil Wairagar) from Pune from a rich family, who are keen on taking up acting as their career, much against the wish of their parents. But their maternal uncle ([[Bharat Ganeshpure]]) encourages and helps them.<ref name="indiatimes.com"/>

==Cast==
* [[Bharat Ganeshpure]] as Mama
* Ashutosh Raj as Amar
* [[Nikhil Wairagar]] as Prem
* Sagar Karande as Sangram Vetole
* [[Abhijeet Chavan]] as Nageshrao Vetole
* [[Girija Joshi]] as Karuna
* Shital Ahirrao as Nidhi
* [[Manasi Naik]] – Special appearance in song "Bai Vadyavar Ya"

== Soundtrack ==
{{Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)

| title1 = Ba Wadyavar Ya
| extra1 = Anand Shinde
| title2= Paul Panda Chorich
| extra2 = Adarsh Shinde, Madhura Datar
}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:2016 Marathi-language films]]
[[Category:2016 films]]
[[Category:2016 masala films]]
[[Category:Indian romantic comedy-drama films]]
[[Category:2016 romantic comedy-drama films]]
[[Category:Indian coming-of-age comedy-drama films]]
[[Category:2010s coming-of-age comedy-drama films]]

{{2010s-Marathi-film-stub}}
{{2010s-romantic-comedy-drama-film-stub}}

Operation Safe Homecoming

2026-03-04T09:38:52Z

Vilianahdm: quick rework information and added references

{{Short description|2011 evacuation of Indian nationals during the Libyan Civil War}}
[[File:INS Mysore en route to Libya.jpg|thumb|alt=Grey ship moving towards the camera|[[INS Mysore (D60)|INS Mysore]] en route to Libya in 2011]]
[[File:INS Jalashwa in Mumbai.jpg|thumb|alt=Large, grey ship at dockside|[[INS Jalashwa (L41)|INS Jalashwa]] in Mumbai before proceeding to Libya]]
'''Operation Safe Homecoming''' was an operation launched by the Indian government on 26 February 2011 to evacuate its citizens who were fleeing from the [[Libyan Civil War (2011)|Libyan Civil War]].<ref name="Report">{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZHXTno4MCVoC |title=Report - Indian Ministry of External Affairs |publisher=Government of India Press |year=2011 |page=xi |quote=As the situation deteriorated, a multi-pronged evacuation of Indian nationals, by air, sea, and land route, was started under Operation'safe Homecoming on 26 February 2011.}}</ref><ref name="Sify1">{{cite news
|url =http://www.sify.com/news/india-unveils-operation-safe-homecoming-thousands-on-way-news-national-lc1qOccdabe.html
|archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20110302101857/http://www.sify.com/news/india-unveils-operation-safe-homecoming-thousands-on-way-news-national-lc1qOccdabe.html
|url-status =dead
|archive-date =2011-03-02
|date = 2011-02-27
|title =India unveils Operation Safe Homecoming, thousands on way
|accessdate =2011-02-28
|website =Sify News}}</ref> The air-sea operation was conducted by the [[Indian Navy]] and [[Air India]].<ref name="Sify1"/> The last such operation was during the [[2006 Lebanon War]], when the Indian Navy and Air India were used in [[Operation Sukoon]]; before that, India evacuated 111,711 nationals after the 1990 Iraqi [[invasion of Kuwait]].<ref name="Sify1"/><ref>{{cite book
| title =Students' Britannica India, Volumes 1
| publisher =Encyclopædia Britannica India Pvt Ltd.
| date =2000
| url =https://books.google.com/books?id=Kpd9lLY_0-IC&q=1990+when+they+successfully+evacuated+111,711&pg=PA35
| page =35 | isbn =9780852297605
}}</ref><ref>{{cite book
| title =The Guinness book of records 1999
| publisher =Guinness
| date =2000
| url =https://books.google.com/books?id=rdU1xtIWJz0C&q=1990+111,711+kuwait
| page =192| isbn =9780851120706
}}</ref>

=={{anchor|Prelude}}Background==
The Libyan Civil War began as a series of protests and confrontations in the [[North Africa]]n state of [[Libya]] against the [[Politics of Libya|government]] and its leader, [[Muammar Gaddafi]]. The [[social unrest]] began on 15 February 2011, and became a [[First Libyan Civil War|civil war]] which continued until 23 October of that year. The unrest was attributed to uprisings in [[Tunisian Revolution|Tunisia]] and [[Egyptian revolution of 2011|Egypt]], connecting it to the wider [[Arab Spring]].<ref name="NYT">{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/02/19/world/africa/19libya.html|title = Libya Protests Build, Showing Revolts' Limits|date=18 February 2011| accessdate = 22 February 2011 | first= Anthony| last =Shadid|work=[[The New York Times]]| location = [[Cairo]]}}</ref> According to [[NBC News]] chief foreign correspondent [[Richard Engel]], who reached the city of [[Tobruk]] on 22 February, "The protest movement is no longer a protest movement, it's a war. It's open revolt."<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://worldblog.msnbc.msn.com/_news/2011/02/22/6107480-in-libya-its-open-revolt-|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110224043612/http://worldblog.msnbc.msn.com/_news/2011/02/22/6107480-in-libya-its-open-revolt-|url-status=dead|archive-date=24 February 2011|title=In Libya it's 'open revolt'|first=Richard|last=Engel|work=MSNBC|date=22 February 2011|accessdate=24 February 2011}}</ref> That day, ''[[The Economist]]'' described the events as an "uprising that is trying to reclaim Libya from the world's longest-ruling [[Autocracy|autocrat]]."<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.economist.com/blogs/newsbook/2011/02/libyas_uprising|title=The Economist, "Time to Leave – A correspondent reports from the border between Libya and Egypt"|newspaper=[[The Economist]]|date=22 February 2011|accessdate=23 February 2011}}</ref> Gaddafi blamed the uprising on [[al-Qaeda]] and "drugged kids".<ref>{{cite news |title=Qaddafi's Grip on Power Weakens on Loss of Territory |first1=Benjamin |last1=Harvey |first2=Maram |last2=Mazen |first3=Massoud A. |last3=Derhally |authorlink3=Massoud Derhally |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2011-02-24/qaddafi-blames-revolt-on-al-qaeda-as-foes-tighten-hold-in-east.html |publisher=[[Bloomberg L.P.|Bloomberg]] |date=25 February 2011 |accessdate=25 February 2011 |quote=Qaddafi, speaking by telephone on state television yesterday, blamed the uprising against his 41-year rule on 'drugged kids' and al-Qaeda.}}</ref>

=={{anchor|The Operation}}Operation==
Eighteen thousand Indian nationals working in [[Libya]] were trapped because of the unrest.<ref name="Sify1"/> Evacuation appeared to be difficult due to "chaos" at the [[Tripoli International Airport|central airport]] in [[Tripoli, Libya|Tripoli]],<ref name="volkskrant1">{{cite web|author=ANP |url=http://www.volkskrant.nl/vk/nl/4936/VK-Dossier-Onrust-in-het-Midden-Oosten/article/detail/1850849/2011/02/22/Vliegtuig-geland-niet-alle-Nederlanders-op-vliegveld.dhtml |title=Vliegtuig geland, niet alle Nederlanders op vliegveld – VK Dossier: Onrust in het Midden-Oosten |publisher=Volkskrant |language=Dutch |date=2011-02-01 |accessdate=2011-02-22}}</ref> a "destroyed" runway at [[Benina International Airport]],<ref name="Zeit-flugbahn">{{cite news |url=
https://www.zeit.de/politik/ausland/2011-02/libyen-evakuierung-bengasi-flugbahn |title=Unruhen: Westen holt Staatsbürger aus Libyen |publisher=Die Zeit.de |date=2011-02-22 |accessdate=2011-02-22}}</ref> and the temporary closure of Libyan ports.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.porttechnology.org/news/libyan_unrest_leads_to_total_port_closures |title=Libyan unrest leads to total port closures – Port Technology International |access-date=2011-02-28 |archive-date=2018-08-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180817161253/https://www.porttechnology.org/news/libyan_unrest_leads_to_total_port_closures |url-status=dead }}</ref>

India ordered three naval ships—INS [[INS Mysore (D60)|''Mysore'']], [[INS Aditya (A59)|''INS Aditya'']]<ref name="ET1">{{cite news
|url =http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics/nation/libya-unrest-over-500-indians-return-more-arriving-amid-tales-of-woe/articleshow/7587240.cms
|date = 2011-02-27
|title =Libya unrest: Over 500 Indians return, more arriving amid tales of woe
|accessdate =2011-02-28
|publisher =Economic Times}}</ref> and INS [[INS Jalashwa (L41)|''Jalashwa'']]—to sail from [[Mumbai]] to [[Libya]] on 26 February.<ref name="MSN1">{{cite news
|url =http://news.in.msn.com/national/article.aspx?cp-documentid=4960669
|date =2011-02-24
|title =Navy decides to despatch 3 naval warships to Libya
|accessdate =2011-02-28
|publisher =MSN News
|archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20110714131053/http://news.in.msn.com/national/article.aspx?cp-documentid=4960669
|archive-date =2011-07-14
|url-status =dead
}}</ref><ref name="TOI1">{{cite news
|url =https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/Naval-ships-to-bail-out-Indians-stranded-in-Libya/articleshow/7583375.cms
|archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20120308235315/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-02-27/mumbai/28637902_1_indian-navy-naval-ships-ins-jalashwa
|url-status =live
|archive-date =2012-03-08
|date = 2011-02-27
|work =[[The Times of India]]
|title =Naval ships to bail out Indians stranded in Libya
|access-date =2011-02-28
}}</ref> It chartered the 1,200-seat ''MV Scotia Prince''<ref name="Sify1"/> and the 1,600-seat ''La Superba'',<ref name="Sify1"/> based in [[Sicily]], to sail to [[Libya]] as soon as port preparations were completed. The ''MV Scotia Prince'' set sail from [[Port Said]] on 26 February, and reached [[Benghazi]] two days later.<ref name="Sify1"/> The navy and charter ships evacuated passengers from [[Tripoli, Libya|Tripoli]] and [[Benghazi]] to [[Alexandria]], and Air India flew the passengers from [[Egypt]] to [[India]].<ref name="NDTV1">{{cite news
|url =http://www.ndtv.com/article/india/indian-navy-sending-3-ships-to-evacuate-indians-from-libya-87609
|date = 2011-02-24
|title =Indian Navy sending 3 ships to evacuate Indians from Libya
|accessdate =2011-02-28
|publisher =NDTV}}</ref> Although the naval ships reached the Libyan coast by 8 March,<ref name="TOI3">{{cite news
|url =http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-03-04/india/28659364_1_hotels-by-indian-embassy-il-76-heavy-lift-aircraft
|archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20121105000629/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-03-04/india/28659364_1_hotels-by-indian-embassy-il-76-heavy-lift-aircraft
|url-status =dead
|archive-date =2012-11-05
|date = 2011-03-04
|work =[[The Times of India]]
|title =IAF joins effort to bring back Indians in Libya
|accessdate =2011-03-04
}}</ref> much of the evacuation had already been carried out by the chartered ships and aircraft.<ref name="TOI4">{{cite news
|url =http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-03-10/india/28676377_1_warships-libyan-coast-successful-air-bridge
|archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20121105005552/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-03-10/india/28676377_1_warships-libyan-coast-successful-air-bridge
|url-status =dead
|archive-date =2012-11-05
|date = 2011-03-10
|work =[[The Times of India]]
|title =Indian warships not needed for evacuation from Libya
|accessdate =2011-03-11
}}</ref> The Indian government announced that the evacuation would be free of charge.<ref name="Zee1"/>

After Libyan authorities gave [[India]] permission to land in [[Tripoli, Libya|Tripoli]],<ref name="Zee1">{{cite news
|url =https://www.zeenews.com/news689873.html
|date = 2011-02-26
|title =India begins Libya evacuations today
|accessdate =2011-02-28
|publisher =Zee News}}</ref> two [[Air India]] planes (a [[Boeing 747]] and an [[Airbus A330]]) flew 500 passengers to [[New Delhi]] and [[Mumbai]] from [[Tripoli, Libya|Tripoli]].<ref name="Sify1"/> Additional landing rights were requested for flights from [[Sabha Airport]], where about 1,000 people were awaiting evacuation.<ref name="TOI2">{{cite news
|url =http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-03-01/india/28643086_1_flights-evacuation-indians
|archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20121105000635/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-03-01/india/28643086_1_flights-evacuation-indians
|url-status =dead
|archive-date =2012-11-05
|date = 2011-03-01
|work =[[The Times of India]]
|title =India begins Libya evacuations today
|accessdate =2011-03-01
}}</ref> In addition to [[Sabha, Libya|Sabha]], [[India]] was given permission to land planes at [[Sirte]]<ref name="IT1">{{cite news
|url =https://www.indiatoday.in/india/north/story/4500-indians-rescued-from-libya-129565-2011-03-01
|date = 2011-03-02
|title =4500 Indians rescued from Libya
|access-date =2011-03-02
|publisher =India Today}}</ref> where another 1,000 Indians awaited evacuation.<ref name="TOI2a">{{cite news
|url =https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/IAF-aircraft-to-join-evacuation-operations-from-Libya/articleshow/7613076.cms
|date = 2011-03-03
|title =Naval ships to bail out Indians stranded in Libya
|accessdate =2011-03-03
|publisher =Times of India}}</ref> On 2 March, the [[Government of India|Indian government]] ordered all private airlines to fly one flight each to [[Libya]]. The following day, two carriers ([[Jet Airways]] and [[Kingfisher Airlines]])<ref name="TOI3a">{{cite news
|url =https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Private-airlines-asked-to-operate-one-flight-everyday-to-Libya/articleshow/7603885.cms
|date = 2011-03-02
|title =Private airlines told to pitch in with Libya evacuation
|accessdate =2011-03-03
|publisher =Times of India}}</ref> flew Indian nationals who had been ferried to [[Malta]] from the [[Luqa]] airport. On 3 March, an [[Indian Air Force]] [[Ilyushin Il-76|Il-76]] plane flew Indians to [[Cairo]] from [[Sirte]].<ref name="TOI2"/>

Several Indian citizens had been crossing [[Libya]] into neighbouring countries overland. Some reached [[Sallum|Sallum, Egypt]] from [[Tobruk]] and were met at the border by Indian embassy officials, who arranged a flight to [[Mumbai]].<ref name="ET1"/> Eighty-eight Indian citizens entered [[Tunisia]] at [[Ras Ajdir]].

Indian Mariners Capt KP Rajagopal and Capt R Venkataramanan found the ship MV Scotia Prince, IMO No 7119836 negotiated, chartered it on behalf of Govt Of India Min of shipping through Shipping Corporation of India and CO-ORDINATED the program, joining of Crew, Replenishment of stores, Training of CREW and MEA Staff and routing.
MV Scotia Price made 2 round voyages evacuating 1187 stranded Indian (including 8 infants) in the first voyage and 972 stranded Indian in the 2nd Voyage.
The Job was done by the above two captains on a “Pro-Bono” basis for the sake of our nation and in the interest of the humanity while the Indian naval ships INS Mysore, INS Adithya and INS Jalashwa were waiting outside the territorial zone for escort duties if necessary.
The operation necessitated 3 weeks of intense activities round the clock with continuous monitoring, reporting/ liaising with following salient features.
==Aftermath==
On 5 March 2011, the Indian government announced that the evacuation would be completed by 10 March.<ref name="Sify1a">{{cite news
|url =http://www.sify.com/news/india-to-complete-operation-safe-homecoming-by-march-10-preneet-kaur-news-national-ldetEdhajha.html
|archive-url =https://archive.today/20130202175708/http://www.sify.com/news/india-to-complete-operation-safe-homecoming-by-march-10-preneet-kaur-news-national-ldetEdhajha.html
|url-status =dead
|archive-date =2013-02-02
|date = 2011-03-04
|title =India to complete 'Operation Safe Homecoming' by March 10: Preneet Kaur
|accessdate =2011-03-05
|website =Sify News}}</ref> After the evacuation of more than 15,000 Indian nationals, the operation ended on 11 March.<ref name="TGI1">{{cite news
|url =http://www.telegraphindia.com/1110311/jsp/nation/story_13698870.jsp
|archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20110314184815/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1110311/jsp/nation/story_13698870.jsp
|url-status =dead
|archive-date =March 14, 2011
|date = 2011-03-10
|title =Mission Libya
|accessdate =2011-03-10
|publisher =The Telegraph}}</ref> About 3,000 Indian citizens decided to remain in Libya.<ref name="TGI1"/>

==References==
{{Commons category|Operation Safe Homecoming}}
{{reflist|30em}}

{{2011 Libyan civil war}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Safe Homecoming}}
[[Category:Foreign intervention in the Libyan civil war (2011)]]
[[Category:2011 in India]]
[[Category:History of the foreign relations of India]]
[[Category:India–Libya relations]]
[[Category:Non-combat military operations involving India]]
[[Category:Evacuations of Indians]]
[[Category:Airlifts]]
[[Category:Non-combatant evacuation operations]]
[[Category:Military history of the Mediterranean]]

Bioscope (2008 film)

2026-03-03T21:32:03Z

Vilianahdm: starting entry

{{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Bioscope
| image = Bioscope_film.jpg
| caption = Film DVD cover
| alt =
| director = [[K. M. Madhusudhanan]]
| producer = [[National Film Development Corporation of India|NFDC]]
| writer = K. M. Madhusudhanan
| starring = Walter Wagner Nedumbaram Gopi Bharathan Najrakkal Mekha Rajan
| music = [[Chandran Veyattummal]]
| cinematography = [[M. J. Radhakrishnan]]
| editing = [[Beena Paul]]
| studio =
| distributor =
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2008}}
| runtime = 94 minutes
| country = India
| language = Malayalam
| budget =
| gross =
}}
'''''Bioscope''''' is a 2008 Malayalam film produced by [[National Film Development Corporation of India]] (NFDC) and was directed by [[K. M. Madhusudhanan]].The music is composed by [[Chandran Veyattummal]], while the cinematography is by [[M. J. Radhakrishnan]].

The film won a [[National Film Award – Special Jury Award (Feature Film)|Special Jury award]] at the [[56th National Film Awards]] and also won 5 awards in the 2008 [[Kerala State Film Awards]].<ref name="'Antaheen' best movie at 56th National Film Awards">{{cite web|title='Antaheen' best movie at 56th National Film Awards|url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2010-01-23/news/28443412_1_hindi-film-film-on-social-issues-aparna-sen|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131225075810/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2010-01-23/news/28443412_1_hindi-film-film-on-social-issues-aparna-sen|url-status=dead|archive-date=25 December 2013|publisher=The Economic Times|accessdate=23 January 2010}}</ref><ref name="Kerala State film awards for 2008">{{cite web|title=Kerala State film awards for 2008|url=http://www.kerala.gov.in/downloads/filmawards2008.pdf|publisher=government of Kerala|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120402033153/http://www.kerala.gov.in/downloads/filmawards2008.pdf|archivedate=2 April 2012|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref name="Bioscope wins awards">{{cite web|title=Bioscope wins awards|url=http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/malayalam/article/40179.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080726154016/http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/malayalam/article/40179.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=26 July 2008|work=Indiaglitz|accessdate=22 July 2008}}</ref>

==Plot==
''Bioscope'', set in the early years of the twentieth century, is a story of history entering the paths of memories and dreams. The story of villagers, made mute by colonialism and slavery, entering the garden of a new vision through a new machine, bioscope. The protagonist Diwakaran's new journey starts with his acquisition of a bioscope. The Frenchman DuPont, who does bioscope shows on the coasts of Tamil Nadu, is the architect of his new journey. Diwakaran was stunned by early forms of cinema images. His relationship with DuPont and the bioscope starts with his astonishment when he first sees moving images. It turns into a story of inseparable friendship. Divakaran purchases the machine from DuPont and intends to entertain his village folks with his films, but ultimately falls prey to superstitions and suspicions about the instrument.

==Production==
The film is based on the book ''Bioscope'' written by [[K. M. Madhusudhanan]]. The book is based on the real-life story of Varunni Joseph, who ran [[Bioscope show|bioscope]] shows in Kerala in 1907. The director plans to make a sequel. "''Bioscope'' is the first part of a trilogy. The second part is titled ''Kannadi Kottaka'' (Mirror Cinema Hall) and is set in contemporary Kerala. It is about a movie house and three people who are connected to it," says Madhusudhanan.

==Cast==
* Walter Wagner as Dupont
* Murugan as Diwakaran
* Ramgopal Bajaj as Kaimal
* Nedumbaram Gopi as Murugan Nair
* Bharathan Najrakkal as Kumaran
* T. V. Gangadharan as Inspector
* Mekha Rajan as Nalini
* Kuttiyedathi Vilasini as Ammini
* Nilamboor ayesha as Malu
* Anusha Mohan as mute girl

==Awards and accolades==
* [[56th National Film Awards]]
:: [[National Film Award – Special Jury Award (Feature Film)|Special Jury award]]

* 2008 [[Kerala State Film Awards]]
::[[Kerala State Film Award – Special Mention|Kerala State Film Award (Special Mention)]] - K. M. Madhusudhanan
::[[Kerala State Film Award for Best Editor|Best Editor]] - [[Beena Paul]]
::[[Kerala State Film Award for Best Photography|Best Cinematographer]] - M. J. Radhakrishnan
::[[Kerala State Film Award for Best Background Music|Best Background Music]] - [[Chandran Veyattummal]]
::[[Kerala State Film Award for Best Processing Lab|Best Processing Lab]] - [[Chithranjali Studio]]

* NETPAC Jury Award (Indian Competition section) - [[Osian's Cinefan Festival of Asian and Arab Cinema|OSIAN]]'s Cinefan Asian & Arab Film Festival, 2008 <ref name="10th Osian š ž s-Cinefan Festival of Asian and Arab Cinema: The Grand Finale">{{cite web|title=10th Osian š ž s-Cinefan Festival of Asian and Arab Cinema: The Grand Finale|url=http://dearcinema.com/article/10th-osianaa%C2%A2a%C2%A2aesa%C2%ACa%C2%A2aeza%C2%A2s-cinefan-festival-of-asian-and-arab-cinema-the-grand-finale/1043|publisher=DearCinema|accessdate=20 July 2008|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110121100233/http://dearcinema.com/article/10th-osianaa%C2%A2a%C2%A2aesa%C2%ACa%C2%A2aeza%C2%A2s-cinefan-festival-of-asian-and-arab-cinema-the-grand-finale/1043|archivedate=21 January 2011|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
* SAIFF 2008, New York - Best Cinematography <ref name="SAIFF 2008 - AWARD CATEGORIES">{{cite web|title=SAIFF 2008 - AWARD CATEGORIES|url=http://www.saiff.org/2008/index.php?p=awards}}</ref>
* [[International Filmfestival Mannheim-Heidelberg#2008|International Filmfestival Mannheim-Heidelberg]], 2008 - Special mention of the International Jury

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20120325153121/http://www.bioscopethefilm.com/06_Awards_FestivalSelections.html Bioscope film - Official page]

{{National Film Award Special Jury Award feature film}}

[[Category:2008 Malayalam-language films]]
[[Category:Indian films based on actual events]]
[[Category:Indian biographical films]]
[[Category:Films scored by Chandran Veyattummal]]
[[Category:Films set in the 1900s]]
[[Category:Special Jury Award (feature film) National Film Award winners]]
[[Category:2000s biographical films]]

One Water (film)

2026-02-19T03:06:18Z

Vilianahdm: Done.

{{short description|2008 film}}
{{Infobox film
| name = One Water
| image = One Water (documentary film) poster art.jpg
| caption = A Global Film About Our Changing Relationship to Water
| producer = Sanjeev Chatterjee
| director = Sanjeev Chatterjee, Ali Habashi
| writer = Sanjeev Chatterjee
| starring =
| music = [[Thomas Sleeper]]
| editing = Ali Habashi
| distributor =
| released = {{Film date|2008|02|22}}
| runtime = 68 minutes
| country = United States
| language = English
| budget =
| gross =
}}
'''''One Water''''' is a 2008 documentary film directed by Sanjeev Chatterjee and Ali Habashi. The film premiered at the 2008 [[Miami International Film Festival]] on 22 February 2008.

==Film==
''One Water'' is a collaborative project initiated in 2003 at the [[University of Miami]] between the School of Communication, College of Engineering and the Frost School of Music to address the global [[Water scarcity|freshwater crisis]]. At the heart of the project was the motion picture ''One Water''.

An early short version of the picture was screened at the 12th and 13th sessions of the UN [[Commission on Sustainable Development]] in New York. A feature version was completed in 2008 and premiered at the Miami International Film Festival.<ref>[http://www.miamifilmfestival.com/gallery_press.cfm?galleryid=1033 Miami Film Festival Gallery] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080803234236/http://www.miamifilmfestival.com/gallery_press.cfm?galleryid=1033 |date=2008-08-03 }}, February 2008</ref> The 68-minute movie was shot in 14 countries and features long tracts of visual storytelling over music and natural sound without words, interspersed with interviews with prominent people, including the [[14th Dalai Lama|Dalai Lama]], [[Vandana Shiva]], [[Robert F. Kennedy, Jr.|Robert Kennedy Jr]]., [[Felipe Fernández-Armesto]] and [[Oscar Olivera]], among others.<ref>[http://www.miamiherald.com/tropical_life/story/447497.html Water in Peril], ''The Miami Herald'', 8 March 2008</ref> [[Donna Shalala]], president of the [[University of Miami]], also appears in the film as narrator.

The original score for ''One Water'' was recorded in Moscow by the [[Russian National Orchestra]].

In 2006, ''One Water'' received major support from the [[John S. and James L. Knight Foundation]]as part of its establishment of the Knight Center for International Media at the School of Communication, University of Miami.

The central idea behind the project was the making of a documentary that would spark the creation of further media on the subject of water around the world.
Toward this goal, a partnership with San Francisco-based [[Independent Television Service]] (ITVS) would create four nationally broadcast films on water in four countries (Bahrain, Colombia, India and South Africa). These films will be broadcast in these countries around [[World Water Day]] (22 March 2009). This partnership has also launched the International Water Journalism website 1h2o.org that is receiving water related multimedia articles produced by journalists around the world.

In early 2009, an international television version of the film was created with a script written by Sanjeev Chatterjee and narrated by Hollywood star [[Martin Sheen]] Sheen was brought to the project by executive producer, Sam L Grogg who formerly collaborated with Sheen on the theatrical motion picture ''DA''. This version of the documentary aired on [[Discovery Networks]]' [[Planet Green]] in August 2010.

In 2016, the [[Stockholm International Water Institute]] (SIWI) and [[UN-Water]] commissioned director Sanjeev Chatterjee to create a short version on ''One Water'' featuring multiple winners of the Water Prize that is awarded each year by SIWI. This version of ''One Water'' was screened at the Water Prize celebrations in Stockholm in 2016.

==Theme==
''One Water'' assesses the deficiency of [[drinking water|potable]], safe water on a global scale. The movie highlights how communities across the world are dramatically suffering from a [[water scarcity|lack]] of our most valuable resource, thanks to [[drought]], [[water pollution|pollution]] and other factors. It becomes apparent that although this issue demands an immediate, workable solution, the problem is not easily resolved. The filmmakers also discuss the vitality of water on parallel spiritual and physical levels.

===Water crisis===
{{Main|Water security}}
{{see also|Water resources|Water law|Water right|Water politics|}}

A 2006 [[United Nations]] report stated that "there is enough water for everyone", but that access to it is hampered by mismanagement and corruption.<ref>UNESCO. (2006). [http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0014/001444/144409E.pdf Water, a shared responsibility. The United Nations World Water Development Report 2].</ref>

The [[UN World Water Development Report]] (WWDR, 2003) from the World Water Assessment Program indicates that, in the next 20 years, the quantity of water available to everyone is predicted to decrease by 30 percent. 40 percent of the world's inhabitants currently have insufficient fresh water for minimal [[hygiene]]. More than 2.2 million people died in 2000 from [[waterborne diseases]] (related to the consumption of contaminated water) or [[drought]]. In 2004, the UK charity [[WaterAid]] reported that a child dies every 15 seconds from easily preventable water-related diseases.

==Selected awards==
*Winner, Best of Festival, Columbus International Film and Video Festival, 2009.
* Winner, Best Cinematography Award and Winner, Honorable Mention, Documentary Feature, Fargo Film Festival, 2009.
* Short listed for Awards Jury at 7th Annual Wild and Scenic Environmental Film Festival, Nevada City, California, January 10, 2009.
* Winner, Best Documentary at Foyle Film Festival, The Northern Ireland International Film Festival, 2008, Derry, United Kingdom.
* Winner of Best Feature Environmental Preservation 5th Annual [[Artivist Film Festival & Awards]], 2008, Los Angeles, California
* Winner, Best Film on Sustainable Development at [[Festival Cinemambiente]] 2008, Turin, Italy.
* Winner, Honorable Mention Inspirational Excellence Award, Documentary Competition, at Bayou City Inspiration Film Festival, 2008, Houston, Texas.
* Winner of the AMAP Prize, EcoVision Film Festival, 2007 Palermo, Italy.
* Official Program Selection, Agua i Cine, 4th [[World Water Forum]], 2006, Mexico City, Mexico (22 min version)
* Winner of Documentary Award of Excellence and Best of Competition in Technical Merit Broadcast Education Association, Festival of Media Arts, 2004 (22 min version)

==Other selected screenings==
* INFOBAE – IV Pan-American Internet Communication Encounter, 9 December 2008, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
* Fort Lauderdale International Film Festival, October 15–11 November 2008, Fort Lauderdale, Florida.
* [[Vancouver International Film Festival]], September 25–10 October 2008, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
* Highway Africa Conference, Rhodes University, September 2008, Grahamstown, South Africa.
* Salzburg Academy for Media and Global Change, August 2008, Salzburg, Austria.
* [[International Forum of Organic Agriculture Movements]] (IFOAM) Organic World Congress, June 18–20, 2008, Modena, Italy.
* [[Expo Zaragoza]], June 14–14 September 2008, Zaragoza, Spain.
* Miami International Film Festival, 22 February 2008, Miami, Florida.

==See also==
* [[1998 Klang Valley water crisis]]
* [[China water crisis]]
* [[California Water Wars]]
* [[Nature documentary]]
* [[Political cinema]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{Official website|http://www.onewater.org/movie.html}}
* [https://com.miami.edu/ School of Communication]

[[Category:2008 films]]
[[Category:Documentary films about water and the environment]]
[[Category:Films set in India]]
[[Category:2008 documentary films]]
[[Category:Water scarcity]]
[[Category:2008 English-language films]]
[[Category:English-language documentary films]]

Sukumar Sengupta

2026-02-18T19:49:26Z

Vilianahdm: adding new bio - done

{{short description|Bengali revolutionary (1913-1993)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2026}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2026}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Sukumar Sengupta
| image = | caption =
| birth_date = {{birth-date| 5 November 1913}}
| birth_place = [[ Katwa]], [[Purba Bardhaman district]]
| death_date = {{death-date and age|16 September 1993| 25 December 1913}}
| death_place =[[ Midnapore]], India
| known =
| occupation = Revolutionary
| organization = [[Bengal Volunteers]]
| movement = [[Indian Freedom Movement]]
| known for =
| citizenship =
| footnotes =
}}

''' Sukumar Sengupta ''' ( 5 November 1913 – 16 September 1993 ) was an Indian revolutionary and member of the [[Bengal Volunteers]] who carried out assassinations against British colonial officials in an attempt to secure Indian independence.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.literacyparadise.com/2020/08/List-of-Bengali-Freedom-Fighters-in-Cellular-Jail.html | title=আন্দামান সেলুলার জেলের ৩৯০ জন বাঙালি স্বাধীনতা সংগ্রামীর তালিকা }}</ref>
== Early life and education ==
Sukumar Sengupta was born in [[ Katwa]], [[Purba Bardhaman district]] in the year 1913. He went to Bihar with his father who was transferred from Katwa to Biharr and later he came to Midnapore at his uncle Nripendra Nath Senguptas house and admitted to Midnapur College for his ISc studies. Later he joined the Bengal Volunteers, a revolutionary organisation of [[British India]].<ref name=Sengupta-Basu>{{Cite book|title=Sansad Bangali Charitavidhan (Bengali)|last1=Sengupta |first1=Subodhchandra |last2=Basu |first2=Anjali |publisher=Sahitya Sansad|year=2002|isbn=81-85626-65-0|volume=I|location=Kolkata|page=297}}</ref>

== Revolutionary activities ==
After the murders of two previous [[District Magistrate]]s James Peddy and Robert Douglas, no British officer was ready to take charge of [[Midnapore district]]. Former soldier Bernard E. J. Burge was then posted to [[Midnapore district]].<ref name=Sengupta-Basu/><ref>{{cite web |last1=Sabyasachi |first1=Biplabi |title=Historic Day: আজ অত্যাচারী ব্রিটিশ জেলাশাসক বার্জ হত্যার সেই ঐতিহাসিক দিন |url=https://biplabisabyasachi.com/that-was-the-historic-day-of-the-assassination-of-the-oppressive-british-district-magistrate-burge/ |website=Biplabi Sabyasachi |access-date=2 March 2024 |date=2 September 2021}}</ref> Members of the Bengal Volunteers: [[Ramkrishna Roy]], [[Brajakishore Chakraborty]], [[Prabhanshu Sekhar Pal]], [[Kamakhya Charan Ghosh]], Sonatan Roy, Nanda Dulal Singh, Sukumar Sen Gupta, Bijoy Krishna Ghose, Purnananda Sanyal, Manindra Nath Choudhury, Saroj Ranjan Das Kanungo, Santi Gopal Sen, Sailesh Chandra Ghose, [[Anath Bondhu Panja]] and [[Mrigendra Dutta]] decided to assassinate him.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hssXP1hBYscC&q=Bhattacharya+killed+magistrate+Douglas&pg=PA254|title=History of the Freedom Movement in India (1857–1947)|last=S. N. Sen|year=1997|publisher=New Age International |isbn=9788122410495|access-date=11 March 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|title=বেঙ্গল ভলান্টিয়ার |last= Madhumanti Sengupta |publisher= Ananda Publishers |date= 1 January 2016 |isbn=978-9389876772|location= Kolkata |pages=}}</ref> Roy, Chakraborty, [[Nirmal Jibon Ghosh]] and Dutta planned to shoot Burge dead while he was playing in a football match between Midnapore Mohammedan sporting Club (a fan club of [[Mohammedan SC (Kolkata)]]) and Midnapore Town Club([[Francis Bradley Bradley-Birt|Bradley-Birt Challenge Cup]] Corners Shield Competition.) at the police grounds of [[Midnapore]].<ref>{{Cite web|first=Meghdeep |last=Bhattacharyya |date=11 July 2025 |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/west-bengal/terrorist-tag-on-freedom-fighters-mistake-in-question-paper-was-unintentional-vidyasagar-university-vc-prnt/cid/2112554 | title='Terrorist' tag on freedom fighters, mistake in question paper was unintentional: Vidyasagar University VC |website=telegraphindia.com |access-date=September 12, 2025}}</ref> On 2nd September 1933 during the half time of the football match on the police parade ground, Burge was shot and killed by Panja and Dutta. Panja was killed instantly by one of Burges' bodyguards. Dutta was also shot and died in hospital on the next day.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Who's Who of Indian Martyrs|first=P. N. | last=Chopra|volume=1|year=1969|publisher=Ministry of Education and Youth Services, Government of India |isbn=9788123021805}}</ref> Anath Bondhu Panja and Mrigendra Dutta were acquitted of the murder of Magistrate Burge.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Rammanohar Lohia|last=Volume 9|year=1990|isbn=9788171002511}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://wbcorrectionalservices.gov.in/history_heritage03.html|title=Midnapore Central Correctional Home|website=wbcorrectionalservices.gov.in|access-date=24 February 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|title=Chronological Dictionary of India's Independence|last=Kali Charan Ghosh|publisher=Sahitya Sansad|year=2012|isbn=978-81-86806-20-3|location=Kolkata|pages=87}}</ref><ref name="midnapore-volunteers">{{cite web |title=Bengal Volunteers of Midnapore |url=https://www.midnapore.in/bv.html |website=www.midnapore.in |access-date=28 October 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=y1Pclr-6w94C&q=Nirmal+Jiban+Ghosh&pg=PA44|title=Rammanohar Lohia|last=Volume 9|year=1990|publisher=Deep & Deep Publications |isbn=9788171002511|access-date=24 February 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indiankanoon.org/doc/600128/|title= Emperor vs Nirmal Jiban Ghose And Ors. on 30 August, 1934|access-date=28 October 2021}}</ref> The special tribunal sentenced him and six others to life imprisonment and later moved him to the Andaman Islands where he participated in a hunger strike in 1937 for 37 days. After some years, he was repatriated and released, but his activism continued, leading to another hunger strike in 1939 for 36 days. He release from prison in 31st August 1946,<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Y74pDwAAQBAJ&q=Bhattacharya+killed+magistrate+Douglas&pg=PA151|title=Gentlemanly Terrorists: Political Violence and the Colonial State in India|last=Durba Ghosh|date=20 July 2017|publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=9781107186668|access-date=11 March 2018}}</ref>

== Post-Independence Struggles & Imprisonment ==
After India's independence in 1947, Sengupta faced repeated arrests for his party work, spending nearly 20 years in jail across different periods, including significant time from 1948-1951 when the CPI was banned.
He was instrumental in rebuilding the party in Medinipur after the anti-revisionist split, focusing on constructing a new organization based on Marxism-Leninism.<ref>{{cite web | url= https://www.telegraphindia.com/west-bengal/terrorist-tag-on-freedom-fighters-mistake-in-question-paper-was-unintentional-vidyasagar-university-vc-prnt/cid/2112554 | title= Sukumar Sengupta }}</ref>

==Leadership & Legacy==
Sengupta served as Secretary of the Medinipur district committee and a member of the CPI(M)'s State Committee until his death, also leading the CITU (Centre of Indian Trade Unions) in the district.
He was a respected figure, known for his deep connection with peasants, and chaired the state's freedom fighter pension committee, a testament to his enduring commitment to the cause.
His life exemplified the dedication of Marxist leaders who continued the struggle for social justice and economic equality in independent India, with his passing marked by the red flag of the party he served until the end.
Sen died on 16 September 1993.<ref>{{cite web | url= https://www.midnapore.in/freedomfighters/s7.html| title= Sukumar Sengupta }}</ref>
<ref>{{cite web | url= https://chakrafoundation.org/sukumar-sengupta/ | title= Sukumar Sengupta }}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Indian Revolutionary Movement}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sengupta, Sukumar}}
[[Category:1913 births]]
[[Category:1993 deaths]]
[[Category:Revolutionary movement for Indian independence]]
[[Category:Indian nationalism]]
[[Category:Indian people convicted of murder]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian murderers]]
[[Category:Revolutionaries from West Bengal]]
[[Category:Bengali politicians]]
[[Category:Indian independence activists from Bengal]]
[[Category:Communist Party of India politicians from West Bengal]]

Mathkal

2026-02-11T15:24:30Z

Vilianahdm: New Data

{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2025}}
{{Infobox settlement
|name = Mathkal
|official_name = Matkal
|nickname =
|settlement_type = Neighbourhood
|image_skyline = Vivekananda Road, Mathkal.jpg
|imagesize =
|image_caption = Vivekananda Rd, Mathkal
|pushpin_map = India Kolkata#India West Bengal#India
|pushpin_label_position =
|pushpin_map_caption = Location in Kolkata
|pushpin_mapsize =
|subdivision_type = Country
|subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
|subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
|subdivision_name1 = [[West Bengal]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[Administrative divisions of West Bengal|Division]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Presidency division|Presidency]]
|subdivision_type3 = [[List of districts of West Bengal|District]]
|subdivision_name3 = [[North 24 Parganas district|North 24 Parganas]]
|subdivision_type4 = [[Kolkata Metro|Metro Station]]
|subdivision_name4 = {{Bulleted list|[[Noapara metro station and depot|Noapara]]|[[Dum Dum Cantonment metro station|Dum Dum Cantonment]]}}
| subdivision_type5 = [[Kolkata Suburban Railway|Railway Station]]
| subdivision_name5 = [[Dum Dum Cantonment railway station|Dum Dum Cantonment]]
|government_type = [[Municipal Corporations in India|Municipality]]
|governing_body = [[South Dumdum Municipality]] [https://www.sddm.ind.in/about]
|established_title = 
|established_date =
|area_magnitude =
|unit_pref = Metric
|area_footnotes =
|area_total_km2 =
|elevation_footnotes =
|elevation_m =
|elevation_ft =
|population_as_of =
|population_footnotes =
|population_note =
|population_total =
|population_density_km2 = auto
|demographics_type1 = Languages
|demographics1_title1 = Official
|demographics1_info1 = [[Bengali language|Bengali]], [[English language|English]]
|timezone = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|utc_offset = +5:30
|coordinates = {{coord|22.6458|N|88.4063|E|display=inline,title}}
|postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
|postal_code = 700065
|area_code_type = Telephone code
|area_code = +91 33
|registration_plate = WB
|blank1_name_sec1 = [[Lok Sabha]] constituency
|blank1_info_sec1 = [[Dum Dum (Lok Sabha constituency)|Dum Dum]]
|blank2_name_sec1 = [[Vidhan Sabha]] constituency
|blank2_info_sec1 = [[Dum Dum (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Dum Dum]]
|website =
|footnotes =
}}

'''Mathkal''' or '''Matkal''' is a neighbourhood in [[South Dumdum]] of [[North 24 Parganas district]] in the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[West Bengal]]. It is a part of the area covered by [[Kolkata Metropolitan Development Authority]] (KMDA).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://kmda.wb.gov.in/page/cms/introducing_kmda_011393|title=Kolkata Metropolitan Development Authority|publisher=KMDA|access-date=16 Feb 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://kmda.wb.gov.in/page/cms/map_of_kma_c1fed8|title=Kolkata Metropolitan Area Map|publisher=KMDA|access-date=16 Feb 2025}}</ref> Localities within Matkal are Sukanta Pally, Surya Sen Pally and Vivekananda Pally.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://sylhetiyouthwelfareassociation.wordpress.com/2013/10/11/dum-dum-cantonment/|title=History of Dum Dum Cantonment|date=11 October 2013 |publisher=|access-date=16 Feb 2025}}</ref>

==Geography==
{{OSM Location map 
| coord = {{coord|22.6503|88.4097}} 
| zoom = 15 
| label = Mathkal
| mark-coord = {{coord|22.6503|88.4097}}
| label-pos = right
| float = left
}}

=== Post Office ===

Rabindra Nagar has a delivery sub post office, with [[Postal Index Number|PIN]] 700065 in the Kolkata North Division of Kolkata district in Calcutta region. Other post office with the same PIN is Subhas Nagar and Health Institute.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://pincode.net.in/WEST_BENGAL/KOLKATA/R/RABINDRA_NAGAR|title=Rabindra Nagar Post office|access-date=17 Feb 2025}}</ref>

===Police station===

'''Dum Dum''' police station under [[Barrackpore Police Commissionerate]] has jurisdiction over Mathkal areas.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://barrackporecitypolice.in/|title=Barrackpore Police Commissionerate|website=barrackporecitypolice.in|access-date=17 Feb 2025}}</ref>

==Transport==
=== Railways ===
[[Dum Dum Cantonment railway station]] on the [[Sealdah-Hasnabad-Bangaon-Ranaghat line|Sealdah-Bangaon line]] is the nearest railway station.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://indiarailinfo.com/station/blog/dum-dum-cantt-ddc/8004|title=DDC/Dum Dum Cantt.|publisher=indiarailinfo|access-date=28 Feb 2025}}</ref>
=== Metro ===
[[Noapara metro station and depot|Noapara metro station]] of [[Blue Line (Kolkata Metro)|Blue Line]] and [[Dum Dum Cantonment metro station]] of [[Yellow Line (Kolkata Metro)|Yellow Line]] are the nearest metro stations.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/kolkatas-airport-metro-set-to-launch-in-march-2025-key-developments-and-benefits/articleshow/114480956.cms|title=Airport metro dream may come true in March|work=The Times of India|date=23 October 2024 |access-date=28 Feb 2025}}</ref>
===Bus===
Buses ply along [[Belghoria Expressway]] are:
====WBTC Bus====
* AC23A Rajchandrapur - [[Salt Lake City, Kolkata|Salt Lake]] Karunamoyee
* AC50A Rajchandrapur - [[Garia]] 6 no. Bus stand
* ACT-23 [[Park Circus]] - [[Dankuni]]
* C23 [[Park Circus]] - [[Dankuni]]
* S23A Rajchandrapur - [[Salt Lake City, Kolkata|Salt Lake]] Karunamoyee

====Private Bus====
* 285 [[Serampore]] - [[Salt Lake City, Kolkata|Salt Lake]] Sector-V
* DN2/1 [[Dakshineswar]] - [[New Town, Kolkata|New Town]]
* DN9/1 [[Barasat]] - Rajchandrapur
* DN44 [[Dakshineswar]] - [[Bangaon]]
* DN46 [[Dankuni]] Housing - [[Salt Lake City, Kolkata|Salt Lake]] Karunamoyee

Many unnumbered shuttle buses also pass through Mathkal along [[Belghoria Expressway|Belghoria Expy ]].

==Markets==
Markets in or near Mathkal area are:
*Shibtala Bazar
*Promodnagar Market
*Natun Bazar Market

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Neighbourhoods in North 24 Parganas district]]

==External links==
* {{Wikivoyage inline|Kolkata/Dum Dum}}
* [http://sddm.ind.in/ South Dum Dum Municipality website]
{{North 24 Parganas District}}
{{North 24 Parganas topics}}
{{Kolkata neighbourhoods}}
{{Municipalities of West Bengal}}

Olga Craen

2026-02-09T06:17:19Z

Vilianahdm: Added.

{{short description|Indian pianist (1913–1986)}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Olga Craen
| honorific_suffix = [[LRAM]]
| image = OlgaAthaideCraen1936.png
| alt = A young South Asian woman with wavy dark hair side-parted and dressed to the nape
| caption = Craen, from a 1936 issue of ''The Indian Listener''

| birth_name = Olga Athaide
| birth_date = 1913
| birth_place = [[Goa]], [[Portuguese India]]
| death_date = {{death year and age|1986|1913}}
| death_place =
| occupation = {{hlist|Pianist|piano educator}}
| alma_mater = [[Royal Academy of Music]] (RAM)
| years_active = 1936–1980s
| known_for =
| notable_works =
| spouse(s) = {{marriage|Jules Craen|1939|1959|end=died}}
| relatives =
}}

'''Olga Athaide Craen''' [[LRAM]] ([[née]] '''Athaide'''; 1913 – 1986) was an Indian pianist and piano educator. She began her career in 1936 while a student at the [[Royal Academy of Music]] (RAM) in London. A finalist in the 1946 [[Long-Thibaud-Crespin Competition|Marguerite Long-Jacques Thibaud International Music Competition]] held in Paris, she later taught piano in [[Bombay]], India.

== Early life ==
Olga Athaide was born in [[Goa]], the daughter of Franklin Herculano Athaide and Ana Maria Luisa da Conceicao Cordeiro.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Vaz|first=J. Clement|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7DJLxYBYA-YC&dq=Olga+Athaide+Craen&pg=PA75|title=Profiles of Eminent Goans, Past and Present|date=1997|publisher=Concept Publishing Company|isbn=978-81-7022-619-2|pages=75|language=en}}</ref> Her mother was also a pianist. With a scholarship from the [[Sir Ratan Tata Trust]], Athaide trained with English pianist [[Tobias Matthay]] and completed her studies at the [[Royal Academy of Music]] in London in 1936.<ref name=":1">{{Cite news|date=5 July 1936|title=A Bombay Success in London|page=14|work=The Bombay Chronicle|url=https://archive.org/details/dli.granth.14242/page/14/mode/2up?q=Olga+Athaide|access-date=November 19, 2021|via=Internet Archive}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last=Surveyor|first=Suna|date=October 4, 1948|title=Laureate of International Musical Competition|url=https://roerichsmuseum.website.yandexcloud.net/SNR-DRR/SNR-016.pdf|journal=India|pages=8}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Royal Academy of Music|url=https://archive.org/details/lram1934-1936|title=List of licentiates. Part VI. 1934 - 1936 (inclusive)|date=1936|pages=13|via=Internet Archive}}</ref>

==Career==
During her student days in London, Craen performed on radio and on British and continental concert stages, including [[Wigmore Hall]] in 1936.<ref>{{Cite news|date=1936-06-19|title=Untitled brief item|pages=9|work=Evening Standard|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/89218339/untitled-brief-item/|access-date=2021-11-19|via=Newspapers.com}}</ref> "Miss Athaide's performance showed a warm musical nature," commented one reviewer, "allied with exceptionally brilliant technic and facility."<ref name=":1" /> In 1938, she gave a recital at the [[Cowasji Jehangir Hall]],<ref>{{Cite news|date=24 March 1938|title=Pianoforte Recital; Miss Olga Athaide's Impressive Performance|page=8|work=The Bombay Chronicle|url=https://archive.org/details/dli.granth.12462/page/8/mode/2up?q=Olga+Athaide|access-date=November 19, 2021|via=Internet Archive}}</ref> and made her first of many appearances with the Bombay Symphony Orchestra.<ref name=":0" /> She returned to Cowasji Jehangir Hall in 1939, with a program of French composers, for the [[Alliance française|Alliance Française]] in Bombay.<ref>{{Cite news|date=23 March 1939|title=Pianoforte Recital of French Composers|page=5|work=The Bombay Chronicle|url=https://archive.org/details/dli.granth.12760/page/4/mode/2up?q=Olga+Athaide|access-date=November 19, 2021|via=Internet Archive}}</ref>

In 1946, Craen was one of the finalists of the [[Long-Thibaud-Crespin Competition|Marguerite Long-Jacques Thibaud International Music Competition]] in Paris.<ref>{{Cite book|last=|first=|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cSWaDQAAQBAJ&dq=Olga+Athaide+Craen&pg=PT194|title=Women of India|date=1958|publisher=Publications Division Ministry of Information & Broadcasting|isbn=978-81-230-2284-0|language=en}}</ref> In 1948, she and her husband faced difficulties when they illegally subleased a flat in India. Both were arrested, and her husband was convicted;<ref>{{Cite news|date=27 April 1949|title=Bombay Symphony Conductor Convicted|page=2|work=The Bombay Chronicle|url=https://archive.org/details/dli.granth.13064/page/n1/mode/2up?q=Olga+Craen|access-date=November 19, 2021|via=Internet Archive}}</ref> he served a jail sentence of several years for the violation. The experience depleted their funds, and their health and reputations.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Johari|first=Aarefa|date=2016-08-13|title=Remembering India's stellar pianist Olga Craen|url=https://serenademagazine.com/series/music-education/fame-love-tragedy-remembering-indias-stellar-pianist-olga-craen/|access-date=2021-11-19|website=Serenade|language=en-GB}}</ref>

Craen gave public performances until the late 1950s,<ref>{{Cite news|date=9 November 1948|title=Olga Craen's Pianoforte Recital|page=6|work=The Bombay Chronicle|url=https://archive.org/details/dli.granth.12903/page/7/mode/2up?q=Olga+Craen|access-date=November 19, 2021|via=Internet Archive}}</ref> and taught piano in [[Bombay]] into the 1980s. One of her successful students was Marialena Fernandes.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Gomes|first=Iris C. F.|title=Banishing Musical Boundaries|url=https://www.pruthagoa.com/|access-date=2021-11-19|website=Prutha Goa|archive-date=2021-11-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211119185804/https://www.pruthagoa.com/|url-status=dead}}</ref>

== Personal life ==
Athaide married Belgian violinist and conductor Jules Craen in 1939. She was widowed when Jules Craen died in 1959; she died from cancer in 1986. In 2013, to mark the centennial of her birth, the Olga & Jules Craen Foundation established the Young Musician of the Year competition.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Johari|first=Aarefa|date=February 1, 2014|title=Fame, love and tragedy: Remembering India's stellar pianist Olga Craen|url=http://scroll.in/article/655236/fame-love-and-tragedy-remembering-indias-stellar-pianist-olga-craen|access-date=2021-11-19|website=Scroll.in|language=en-US}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
*[http://olgajulescraen.com/ The Olga & Jules Craen Foundation] website

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Craen, Olga Athaide}}
[[Category:1913 births]]
[[Category:1986 deaths]]
[[Category:Indian women musicians]]
[[Category:Indian women pianists]]
[[Category:Indian pianists]]
[[Category:Educators from Goa]]
[[Category:Women educators from Goa]]
[[Category:Women musicians from Goa]]

Shematikhar railway station

2026-02-05T03:14:30Z

Vilianahdm: adding new stub - done

{{Short description|Railway Station in Maharashtra, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2017}}
{{Infobox station
| name = [[File:Indian_Railways_Suburban_Railway_Logo.svg|50px|up|link=Mumbai Suburban Railway]] Shematikhar
| other_name =
| style = Mumbai Suburban Railway
| type = [[Mumbai Suburban Railway]] station
| image =
| address = Shematikhar, JNPT Road, [[Navi Mumbai]], [[Maharashtra]], 410206
| country = India
| coordinates = {{coord|18.909230|N|73.015816|E|display=inline,title}}
| elevation = {{convert|1|m|ft}}
| owned = [[Indian Railways]]
| operator = [[Central Railway zone|Central Railway]]
| line = [[Port line (Mumbai Suburban Railway)|Port line]]
| platform = 2
| tracks = 2
| other =
| accessible =
| bicycle = No
| depth =
| levels =
| parking = No
| structure = Standard (on-ground station)
| code = {{Indian railway code
| code = SEMK
| zone = [[Central Railway zone|Central Railway]]
| division = {{rwd|Mumbai CR}}
}}
| status = Operational
| closed =
| former = Ranjanpada
| opened = {{Start date and age|2024|01|12|df=y}}
| rebuilt =
| electrified = Yes
| passengers =
| mpassengers =
| pass_system =
| pass_year =
| pass_percent =
| image_caption =
| services = {{Adjacent stations|system=Mumbai Suburban Railway|line=Port|left=Gavan|right=Nhava Sheva}}
| route_map = {{MSR Port line}}
| mapframe = Yes
| mapframe-caption = Location of Shematikhar railway station
| map_state = collapsed
| map_type = Mumbai
| map_dot_label = Shematikhar
}}

'''Shematikhar railway station''', formerly '''Ranjanpada railway station''', is a railway station in [[Navi Mumbai]]'s [[Raigad district]], [[Maharashtra]]. Its station code is '''SEMK'''.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Navi Mumbai: Train Services Up To Uran Likely To Start From Jan 14|url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/mumbai/navi-mumbai-train-services-up-to-uran-likely-to-start-from-jan-14|website=The Free Press Journal}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=रांजणपाडा रेल्वे स्थानकाच्या नावात बदल, उरण, नेरुळ, बेलापूर रेल्वेमार्गावरील रांजणपाडाऐवजी शेमटीखार|url=https://www.loksatta.com/navimumbai/railway-department-changed-name-board-of-ranjanpada-station-and-now-name-board-of-shemtikhar-installed-at-this-station-sud-02-4762995/|website=Loksatta|language=mr}}</ref> It serves Shematikhar, Ranjanpada and Jasai area of [[Navi Mumbai]]. The station has two platforms.<ref>{{cite web| url=https://indiarailinfo.com/station/map/shematikhar-semk/11571| title=SEMK/Shematikhar| website=India Rail Info}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Residents celebrate the launching of Kharkopar-Uran train service|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/mumbai-news/residents-celebrate-the-launching-of-kharkopar-uran-train-service-101705087130825.html|website=Hindustan Times}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Railway stations in Maharashtra}}
{{Mumbai – Suburban Railway, Nerul-Uran/Panvel-Karjat}}

[[Category:Railway stations in Raigad district]]
[[Category:Mumbai CR railway division]]
[[Category:Transport in Navi Mumbai]]
[[Category:Mumbai Suburban Railway stations]]
[[Category:Railway stations in India opened in 2024]]

{{Maharashtra-railstation-stub}}

Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited

2026-01-29T06:31:37Z

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#REDIRECT [[BSNL]]

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Girdhari Lal Bhargava

2026-01-27T20:12:10Z

Vilianahdm: further improved page per standard format additionally and added references

{{Short description|Indian politician (1936–2009)}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2025}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Girdhari Lal Bhargava
| image =
| caption =
| birth_date ={{birth date|df=yes|1936|11|11}}
| birth_place =[[Jaipur]], [[Jaipur State]], [[British India]]
| residence = [[Jaipur]]
| death_date ={{death date and age|df=yes|2009|3|8|1936|11|11}}
| death_place =[[Ahmedabad]], Gujarat, India
| constituency = [[Jaipur (Lok Sabha Constituency)|Jaipur]]
| office = [[Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha]]
| term_start=1989
|term_end=8 March 2009
| predecessor =[[Nawal Kishore Sharma]]
| successor =[[Mahesh Joshi]]
| office1 = [[Rajasthan Legislative Assembly|Member of Rajasthan Legislative Assembly]]
| termstart1 = 1985
| termend1 =1990
| constituency1 = [[Kishanpole (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Kishanpole]]
| succeeded1 = Rameshwar Bhardwaj
| termstart2 = 1977
| termend2 = 1980
| constituency2 = [[Kishanpole (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Kishanpole]]
| succeeded2 = Ram Gotewala
| termstart3 = 1972
| termend3 = 1977
| constituency3 = [[Hawa Mahal (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Hawa Mahal]]
| succeeded3 = [[Bhanwarlal Sharma]]
| party =[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| religion =
| spouse = Malti Bhargav
| children = 1 son and 3 daughters
| website =
| footnotes =
| date = 14 September 2006 |
| source = https://web.archive.org/web/20071004201307/http://164.100.24.208/ls/lsmember/biodata.asp?mpsno=55
}}

'''Girdhari Lal Bhargava''' (11 November 1936 – 8 March 2009) was a member of the [[Lok Sabha]] (lower house of parliament) in India. A member of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]], he was elected six consecutive times for the [[Jaipur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Jaipur constituency]] of [[Rajasthan]]. He defeated [[Bhawani Singh]] by nearly 100,000 votes and thereafter had margins always above 100,000 votes.
He died on 8 March 2009 from a heart attack while he was visiting [[Ahmedabad]].He was from a [[brahmin]] family<ref>{{Cite web|date=30 March 2019|first=Rohit|last=Parihar|title=Congress fields woman candidate from Jaipur after 57 years|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/lok-sabha-2019/story/congress-fields-woman-candidate-from-jaipur-after-57-years-1489857-2019-03-30|access-date=2022-01-21|website=India Today|language=en}}</ref>

==Positions held==

{| class="wikitable"
|+ '''''Important posts holding in his career'''''
! Year
! Post
|-
|1972–89
|Member, Rajasthan Legislative Assembly (three terms)
|-
|1980–89
|Chairman, Library Committee
|-
|1980–89
|Chairman, Committee on Government Assurances
|-
|1980–89
|Member, Committee on Estimates
|-
|1980–89
|Member, Committee on Petitions
|-
|1989
|Elected to 9th Lok Sabha
|-
|1990–91
|Member, Consultative Committee, Ministry of Railways
|-
|1990–91
|Member, Rules Committee
|-
|1991
|Re-elected to 10th Lok Sabha (2nd term)
|-
|1996
|Re-elected to 11th Lok Sabha (3rd term)
|-
|1996–97
|Member, Committee on Finance
|-
|1998
|Re-elected to 12th Lok Sabha (4th term)
|-
|1998–99
|Member, Committee on Finance
|-
|1998–99
|Member, General Purposes Committee
|-
|1998–99
|Member, Consultative Committee, Ministry of Finance
|-
|1999
|Re-elected to 13th Lok Sabha (5th term)
|-
|1999–2000
|Member, Committee on Estimates
|-
|1999–2000
|Member, Committee on Commerce
|-
|1999–2000
|Member, Rules Committee
|-
|1999–2000
|Member, Committee on Energy
|-
|2000 onwards
|Member, Consultative Committee, Ministry of Railways
|}

== Winning of Jaipur constituency ==

{| class="wikitable"
|+ '''''Winning of Jaipur constituency'''''
! Year
! Voters (in 1000)
! Voter turnout (%)
! Vote Gain (%)
! Runner up candidate (Vote Gain %)
|-
|2004
|881.38
|46.47
|54.56
|[[Pratap Singh Khachariawas]] (42.40)
|-
|1999
|808.58
|46.11
|38.96
|[[Pt. Raghu Sharma]] (38.96)
|-
|1998
|799.93
|49.30
|56.43
|[[M Sayeed Khan]] (38.83)
|-
|1996
|639.55
|38.61
|54.60
|[[Pt. Dinesh Chandra Swami]] (36.36)
|-
|1991
|559.97
|41.58
|59.03
|[[Nawal Kishore Sharma]] (36.21)
|-
|1989
|724.03
|58.79
|54.25
|[[Bhawani Singh]] (42.32)
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://parliamentofindia.nic.in/ls/lok13/biodata/13RJ06.htm Official biographical sketch – Parliament of India website]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bhargava, Girdhari Lal}}
[[Category:1936 births]]
[[Category:2009 deaths]]
[[Category:India MPs 2004–2009]]
[[Category:Politicians from Jaipur]]
[[Category:India MPs 1989–1991]]
[[Category:India MPs 1991–1996]]
[[Category:India MPs 1996–1997]]
[[Category:India MPs 1998–1999]]
[[Category:India MPs 1999–2004]]
[[Category:Lok Sabha members from Rajasthan]]
[[Category:Rajasthan MLAs 1977–1980]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Rajasthan]]

Maghigawan

2026-01-21T12:10:23Z

Vilianahdm: New New Stub - done

{{for|the town in Madhya Pradesh|Majhgawan}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Majhigawan
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = village
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Bihar#India
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Bihar, India
| coordinates = {{coord|24.597256|N|83.941121|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Bihar]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = Rohtas
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total =
| population_as_of =
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Maithili language|Maithili]], [[Hindi language|Hindi]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = 
| postal_code =
| registration_plate =
| website =
| iso_code = [[ISO 3166-2:IN|IN-BR]]
| footnotes =
}}

'''Maghigawan''' is a village in [[India]], located in [[Rohtas District]], [[Bihar]].<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cWFDAAAAYAAJ |title=The Bihar Information |date=1 December 1967 |publisher=Bihar Public Relations Department |location=Patna |pages=5 |language=en}}</ref> According to the [[2011 census of India]], it has a population of 1904 people.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Population Finder 2011 |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/census.website/data/population-finder |access-date=14 December 2023 |website=censusindia.gov.in |quote=MAGHIGAWAN VILLAGE: Population: 1904 State: Bihar District: Rohtas Subdistrict: Rohtas Town/village: Maghigawan}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}{{Rohtas district}}

[[Category:Villages in Rohtas district]]

{{Rohtas-geo-stub}}

Jai Hind

2025-12-27T15:18:51Z

Vilianahdm: formatting fix

{{Short description|Salutation used to express patriotism in India}}
{{About|the slogan|the Internet comedy show|Jay Hind!}}
{{other uses}}
[[File:Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose.jpg|"Jai Hind" meaning "Victory to India" was popularized by [[Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose]] as a unifying slogan of courage and patriotism during [[Indian Independence Movement|India’s freedom struggle]], especially through the [[Indian National Army]] (INA)|thumb]]
{{italic title}}'''Jai Hind''' ({{Langx|hi|जय हिन्द}}, {{IPA|hi|dʒəj ɦɪnd|IPA}}) is a salutation and slogan that means "Hail India", "Long live India",<ref>{{cite book |title=The Rise and Fall of the British Empire |last=James |first=Lawrence |year=1997 |publisher=[[Macmillan Publishers|Macmillan]] |isbn=978-0-312-16985-5 |page=548 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4DMS3r_BxOYC&q=jai+hind+long+live+india&pg=RA4-PA548-IA8 |access-date=17 February 2010}}</ref> or literally "Victory [for] India" as originally coined by Chempakaraman Pillai .<ref>{{cite book|author=Charles Stephenson|title=Germany's Asia-Pacific Empire: Colonialism and Naval Policy, 1885–1914|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tOtCAQAAIAAJ|year=2009|publisher=[[Boydell & Brewer]]|isbn=978-1-84383-518-9|page=233|quote=...Champakaraman Pillai, a committed anti-imperialist. He is credited with coining the phrase 'Jai Hind' meaning 'Victory for India'...}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=Saroja Sundararajan|title=Madras Presidency in pre-Gandhian era: a historical perspective, 1884–1915|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-ExuAAAAMAAJ|year=1997|publisher=Lalitha Publications|page=535|quote=To Champakaraman Pillai goes the credit of coining the taraka mantra "Jai Hind" in 1907...}}</ref> Used during [[Indian independence movement|India's independence movement]] from [[British Raj|British rule]],<ref>{{cite book|author=Ian W. Archer|title=Transactions of the Royal Historical Society|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=foj2AwAAQBAJ&pg=PA203|year=2014|publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]]|isbn=978-1-107-06386-0|page=203}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=Gyanendra Pandey|title=Remembering Partition: Violence, Nationalism and History in India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZdLhnFet4w4C |year=2001|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-00250-9|pages=100–101}}</ref> it emerged as a [[battle cry]] and in political speeches.<ref name=bose2018 /> The phrase reached a new level of popularity when under [[Subhas Chandra Bose|Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose]] it was adopted as an official slogan of the [[Indian National Army]].

==Etymology==
The word "jai" (जय ''jaya'' in [[Sanskrit]]) means "triumph, victory, cheers, bravo, rejoice".<ref>{{cite book|author=Duncan Forbes|title=A Dictionary, Hindustani & English: Accompanied by a Reversed Dictionary, English and Hindustani|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EWtOAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA307|year=1958|publisher=W.H. Allen and Company|page=307}}</ref> The word ''jaya'' appears in [[Vedas|Vedic]] literature such as in ''[[Atharvaveda]]'' 8.50.8 and in post-Vedic literature such as the ''[[Mahabharata]]''.<ref>{{cite book|title=Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary 1899 (Updated 2009)|author=Monier Monier-Williams|publisher=Harvard University Press|url=https://www.sanskrit-lexicon.uni-koeln.de/scans/MWScan/2014/web/webtc2/index.php|chapter=jaya (जय)}}</ref> "Hind" (from [[Persian language|Persian]] هند ''hind'') was the common endonym for what is today the entire Indian subcontinent prior to [[Indian independence movement|independence]]. Indians were called "Hindī" as in [[Muhammad Iqbal|Iqbal]]'s iconic Indian patriotic song ''[[Sare Jahan se Accha|Saare Jahaan Se Accha]]''.

==History==
[[Chempakaraman Pillai]] coined the term "Jai Hind", which was adopted as a slogan of the Indian National Army in the 1940s at the suggestion of [[Abid Hasan]]. After India's independence, it emerged as a national slogan<ref>{{cite book | last1=Sharma | first1=Aditi | title=Unsung Warriors (Hindi Translation of Gumnaam Yoddha): Bestseller Book by Aditi Sharma: Unsung Warriors Hindi Translation of Gumnaam Yoddha | date=19 May 2023 | publisher=Prabhat Prakashan | isbn=978-93-5521-768-4 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Qoe_EAAAQBAJ&pg=PA24 }}</ref>

In 1907, Chempakaraman Pillai coined the term "Jai Hind",<ref>{{cite book|author=Charles Stephenson|title=Germany's Asia-Pacific Empire: Colonialism and Naval Policy, 1885-1914|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tOtCAQAAIAAJ|year=2009|publisher=Boydell Press|isbn=978-1-84383-518-9|page=233|quote=...Champakaraman Pillai, a committed anti-imperialist. He is credited with coining the phrase 'Jai Hind' meaning 'Victory for India'...}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=Saroja Sundararajan|title=Madras Presidency in pre-Gandhian era: a historical perspective, 1884-1915|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-ExuAAAAMAAJ|year=1997|publisher=Lalitha Publications|page=535|quote=To Champakaraman Pillai goes the credit of coining the taraka mantra "Jai Hind" in 1907...}}</ref> which was adopted as a slogan of the [[Indian National Army]] in the 1940s at the suggestion of [[Subhas Chandra Bose]] and [[Abid Hasan]].<ref>{{cite book|author=Gurbachan Singh Mangat|title=The Tiger Strikes: An Unwritten Chapter of Netaji's Life History|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NiMgAAAAMAAJ|year=1986|publisher=Gagan Publishers|page=95}}</ref> After [[Indian independence movement|India's independence]], it emerged as a national slogan.<ref name="bose2018"/><ref name="Who coined 'Jai Hind'">{{Cite news|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/who-coined-jai-hind-114022400255_1.html|title=Who coined 'Jai Hind'? |newspaper=Business Standard India |date=24 February 2014 |agency=Press Trust of India }}</ref>

According to [[Sumantra Bose]] the phrase is devoid of any religious tones. The term became popular as a slogan and greeting of the Indian National Army organised by [[Subhas Chandra Bose]] and his colleagues, particularly between 1943 and 1945.<ref name=bose2018/>
After India's independence, it emerged as a national slogan, and has been a common form of greeting the Indian people by political leaders and [[Prime Minister of India|prime ministers]] such as [[Jawaharlal Nehru]],<ref name="Zachariah2004">{{cite book|author=Benjamin Zachariah|title=Nehru|url=https://archive.org/details/nehru0000zach|url-access=registration|year=2004|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-134-57740-8|pages=[https://archive.org/details/nehru0000zach/page/126 126]–127}}</ref> [[Indira Gandhi]],<ref name=ighandi1984/> [[Rajiv Gandhi]], [[P. V. Narasimha Rao]], and others.<ref>{{cite book|author1=Jagdish Bhagwati|author2=Arvind Panagariya|title=Why Growth Matters: How Economic Growth in India Reduced Poverty and the Lessons for Other Developing Countries|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yEm-kZpLY7UC&pg=PT35|year=2013|publisher=Public Affairs|isbn=978-1-61039-272-3|page=27}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Economic and Political Weekly, Volume 24|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=w9SwAAAAIAAJ|year=1989|publisher=Sameeksha Trust|page=1325}}</ref> Indira Gandhi in particular often ended her political speeches with a triple shout of "''Jai Hind''".<ref name=ighandi1984>{{cite book|author=Indira Gandhi|title=Selected speeches and writings of Indira Gandhi, September 1972-October 30, 1984|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PAtuAAAAMAAJ|year=1984|publisher=Publications Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Govt. of India|pages=273 }}</ref> Since the mid-1990s, it came to be used as a greeting among [[Indian Army]] personnel.<ref name=bose2018>{{cite book|author=Sumantra Bose|title=Secular States, Religious Politics|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vrxsDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA49|year=2018|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-1-108-47203-6|pages=49–50}}</ref>

Since 2019, [[Air India]] requires cabin crew to end every announcement with Jai Hind.<ref>{{cite web |title=Air India demands crew 'hail motherland' |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-47451761 |website=[[BBC]] |access-date=15 June 2025 |date=5 March 2019}}</ref>

<gallery widths="200px" heights="200px">
The Prime Minister, Dr. Manmohan Singh chanting 'Jai Hind' from the ramparts of Red Fort on the occasion of 64th Independence Day, in Delhi on August 15, 2010.jpg|Former Prime Minister [[Manmohan Singh]] chanting "''Jai Hind''" from the ramparts of [[Red Fort]], [[Delhi]]
JAI HIND.jpg|The book "''Jai Hind''" by Ramchandra Moreshwar Karkare.
1947 India Flag 3½ annas.jpg|Independent India's first postage stamp.
Jai Hind Post-mark.gif|Indian commemorative [[Jai Hind postmark|''Jai Hind'' postmark]].
</gallery>

==In popular culture==
A follower of [[Subhas Chandra Bose]], Ramchandra Moreshwar Karkare, of [[Gwalior|Gwalher]] (Gwalior) Madhya Bharat, wrote the patriotic drama ''Jai Hind'' in March 1947, and published a book in [[Hindi]] with the same title. Later, Karkare became Congress president of Central India Province.{{citation needed|date=May 2016}}

The [[Jai Hind postmark]] was the first commemorative [[postmark]] of Independent India. The first stamps of an independent India were issued on November 21, 1947, with ''Jai Hind'' inscribed on them, in 1.5 anna, 3.5 anna and 12 anna denominations. Along with ''Jai Hind'', these bore images of the [[Lion Capital of Ashoka]], the [[Flag of India|national flag]], and an aircraft respectively.<ref>{{cite book|author=Gopa Sabharwal|title=India Since 1947: The Independent Years|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=D9gvCgAAQBAJ&pg=PT24|year=2017|publisher=Penguin Random House|isbn=978-93-5214-089-3|page=24}}</ref> "जय हिन्द" is also stated on the first, [[List of postage stamps of India#1947|Independence series of Indian stamps]].

The phrase is used on [[All India Radio]] at the end of a broadcast.{{citation needed|date=May 2016}} It occurs in the patriotic song "[[Aye Mere Watan Ke Logo]]" sung by [[Lata Mangeshkar]] in 1963.<ref>{{cite book|last=Chaturvedi|first=Mamta |title=Filmi & non-filmi songs|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=459ay5Ai2l4C&q=Jay+Hind&pg=PA38|year=2004|publisher=Diamond Pocket Books|isbn=81-288-0299-2|page=38}}</ref> The phrase also appeared in early slogans of state-owned [[Air India]], with a 1965 [[Lok Sabha]] debate mentioning it as part of the tagline "One Nation, One Leader, One India, Jai Hind".<ref>{{cite book|title=Asian Recorder|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=O3weAAAAMAAJ|year=1965|publisher=K. K. Thomas at Recorder Press|page=6220}}</ref>

[[Mahatma Gandhi]] sent a piece of crocheted, cotton lace made from yarn he spun by himself, with the central motif of ''Jai Hind'', to [[Elizabeth II|Queen Elizabeth II]] and [[Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh|Prince Philip]], as a gift on the occasion of [[Wedding of Princess Elizabeth and Philip Mountbatten|their wedding]] in 1947.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.royal.gov.uk/HMTheQueen/TheQueenandspecialanniversaries/DiamondAnniversary/60facts.aspx |title=Archived copy |access-date=November 10, 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151008194238/http://www.royal.gov.uk/HMTheQueen/TheQueenandspecialanniversaries/DiamondAnniversary/60facts.aspx |archive-date=October 8, 2015 }}</ref>

In the Hindi-language film ''[[Pathaan_(film)|Pathaan]]'' (2023), [[Shah Rukh Khan]] uses the phrase ''Jai Hind'' at the end of his fight with the villain played by [[John Abraham]].

==Other uses==
The phrase has also given its name to

* Media
** Movies
*** ''[[Jaihind (1994 film)]]''), a Tamil language movie with [[Arjun Sarja]] as hero
*** ''[[Jai Hind (2019 film)]]'', a Hindi language movie, made by actor-director [[Manoj Kumar]]<ref>{{IMDb title|qid=Q12428152|title=Jai Hind}}</ref>
*** ''[[Jai Hind (2012 film)]]'', Kannada language war movie
*** ''[[Jaihind 2]] (2014 film)'', a Hindi language movie (''Arjunin Jaihind 2'' in Tamil) produced and directed by Arjun Sarja
*** ''[[Jai Hind (2019 film)]]'', Bhojpuri language movie

** TV
*** ''[[Jay Hind!]]'', a comedy show
*** [[JaiHind TV]]

** Newspaper
*** ''[[Jai Hind (newspaper)|Jai Hind]]'', a [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]] language newspaper

* Institutes and places
** [[Jai Hind College]] in [[Mumbai]]
** [[Jai Hind metro station]] in [[Kolkata]]

==See also==

* General
** [[Bharat Mata]]

* Anthems and mottos of Mother India
** [[Hindustan Zindabad]], "Hail India"
** [[Jai Jawan Jai Kisan]], "Hail soldiers and farmers (of India)"
** [[Janani Janmabhumishcha Swargadapi Gariyasi]], "mother and motherland are more sacred than the heaven"
** [[Jana Gana Mana]], the Indian national anthem
** [[Jaya Bharata Jananiya Tanujate]], anthem in Kannada language for Mother India
** [[Vande Mataram]], hail the motherland
** [[National Pledge (India)|National Pledge of India]]
** [[List of Indian state anthems]]

* Slogans of States of India
** [[Jai Jai Garavi Gujarat]]
** [[Jai Maharashtra]]
** [[Jaya Jaya He Telangana]]
** [[Joy Bangla (slogan)|Joy Bangla]]

* Other slogans
** [[Jai Bhim]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Subhas Chandra Bose}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Indian political slogans]]
[[Category:National symbols of India]]
[[Category:Indian National Army]]
[[Category:Indian independence movement]]
[[Category:Slogans]]
[[Category:Battle cries]]
[[Category:Hindi words and phrases]]

Tara From Satara

2025-12-05T14:53:47Z

Vilianahdm: adding entry

{{Short description|Indian television series}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2019}}
{{Infobox television
| image = Tara From Satara.png
| alt_name =
| caption =
| genre = [[Family]] [[Drama]]
| creator = Saeed Akhtar, Aisha Faizan
| developer =
| writer =
| based_on =
| director =
| starring = [[#Cast|See below]]
| composer = Raagini Kavathekar
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| num_seasons = 1
| num_episodes = 110
| list_episodes =
| executive_producer =
| producer = Ranjeet Thakur Hemant Ruprell
| editor =
| location = [[Mumbai]], [[Maharashtra]], [[India]]
| camera = [[Multi-camera]]
| runtime = 20 minutes
| company = [[Frames Production]] IdeaRack Private Limited
| channel = [[Sony Entertainment Television]]
| first_aired = {{start date|2019|8|19|df=yes}}
| last_aired = {{end date|2020|02|07|df=yes}}
| related =
}}
'''''Tara From Satara''''' is an Indian family drama [[television series]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/roshni-walia-opts-for-a-no-makeup-look-in-tara-from-satara/articleshow/70014061.cms|title=Roshni Walia opts for a no-makeup look in Tara from Satara|date=30 June 2019|newspaper=The Times of India|language=en|access-date=19 August 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://zeenews.india.com/people/im-a-foodie-like-my-on-screen-character-tara-roshni-walia-2227218.html|title=I'm a foodie like my on-screen character Tara: Roshni Walia|date=2019-08-14|website=Zee News|language=en|access-date=2019-08-17}}</ref> that premiered on 19 August 2019 on [[Sony Entertainment Television|Sony TV]]. Produced by Ranjeet Thakur and Hemant Ruprell, it stars [[Roshni Walia]].

== Plot ==
''Tara from Satara'' revolves around the story of two sisters from [[Satara (city)|Satara]] - Tara Mane and her elder sister Radhika Mane. The two sisters love to dance and are very fond of it, too, the only difference being - Radhika does classical Kathak dance whereas Tara likes to do [[Bollywood]] moves.

Radhika learns Kathak from her father Sachin Mane, a well trained classical dancer, who at present dislikes Bollywood dance, but in his past, he was part of the Bollywood Showbiz. He went to fulfill his dream in Mumbai but was unable to do so. This regret in him made him dislike Bollywood and totally against people who dances on Bollywood numbers or listen to Bollywood music in his home or his neighbourhood.

Tara, who is very fond of Bollywood music and fan of MK (a Bollywood artist), is not good in studies and is seen dancing to Bollywood music, which irks her father. Her failing grades makes Tara doubt herself and in this process tries to quit dancing for the sake of studies, but in vain. Tara is only supported by her Aaji, her paternal grandmother, who has full faith in her granddaughter and thinks that one day Tara will shine like a star and be the pride of her father, much unlike her present situation.

Tara gets selected in a local audition in a Dance Reality show called "Dancer No. 1". She gets selected for a large audition in Mumbai and awarded a pass (yellow card) but since it involves Bollywood and showbiz, her father is angered, so she hides the fact that she was the one selected. Her elder sister Radhika takes the blame and the yellow card. But as Radhika was a responsible child of her father, he consoles himself although he rejects the yellow card and throws it away (but Tara finds it and preserves it).

One day, in a local competition, the footfall of Radhika and her team dips, while it aggressively increases for a team owned by Rægo, a dance trainer who practices Bollywood. This insult, along with the increasing poverty, the fear of getting his dance academy closed, makes Sachin Mane change his decision and send his daughter to Dancer No. 1, although he orders her daughter Radhika to strictly perform Kathak and other Indian classical dance forms and stay away from Bollywood and showbiz.

Tara and her entire family except her parents accompany Radhika to Mumbai, where they meet Arjun, a dancer and part-time mechanic who is also a participant. Arjun is seen helping Tara and her family in various occasions. As the show progresses, luck tries to take Tara towards the stage yet she fails to capitalise. She is appointed as an intern in Dancer No. 1 and she takes care of the normal stuffs regarding the participants of the show. Many twists and turns take her close to her dreams of becoming a dancer and dancing on the big stage. In one episode Radhika insists to do a Bollywood dance after her Kathak dance gets less views than Gurpreet's Bollywood dance. On the day of her dance, Sachin, her father, brings anklets, expecting she will do a Kathak dance. When Radhika sees Sachin while dancing, she freezes on stage and therefore gets eliminated. Tara, Bedane, and Aiji stay as Tara auditions for the wild card entry. Tara wins the wild card entry while Radhika has a feud with her family and leaves for Mumbai for a heroine entry. The theme of the dance is decades. Tara spy on Rahul to get the news of Radhika. Rahul loses his temper and hurts Tara and Arjun slaps Rahul for being a jerk to Tara. Paddy sir comes and shows his true colors to Arjun and others. Bedane records it and Paddy sir is fired. Radhika fills in for Paddy sir and tries to get Tara out.

Later on, Tara wins the Dancer No. 1 competition and reveals that the famous Manmane dance step was choreographed by her father Sachin and not Shatru. Then Srilekha also supports Tara's statement and thus Sachin regains his lost glory. Tara exposed Shatru and gave 50% of her prize money to Arjun since her only motive was to regain her father's pride and earlier Arjun had intentionally lost semi-finals so that Tara can win the competition.

== Cast ==

=== Main ===

* [[Roshni Walia]] as Tara Mane – An aspiring dancer; Sachin and Sarita's younger daughter; Radhika's sister <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/tara-from-sataras-roshni-walia-gifts-herself-a-car-on-her-birthday/articleshow/71207708.cms|title=Tara from Satara's Roshni Walia gifts herself a car on her birthday - Times of India|website=The Times of India|date=20 September 2019 |language=en|access-date=2020-02-18}}</ref>
* Sheezan Khan as Arjun Priya - Tara’s friend; Dancer Number One’s Contestant

=== Recurring ===

* Urvashi Pardeshi as Radhika Mane – An aspiring dancer; Sachin and Sarita's elder daughter; Tara's sister <ref>{{Cite web |date=7 August 2019 |title=13 किलोग्राम के घुंघरू बांध उर्वशी ने की शूटिंग, पैरों की हो गई ऐसी हालत |url=https://m.patrika.com/tv-news/tv-actress-urvashi-wear-13-kg-ghungroo-for-show-4944295/ |access-date=2019-08-17 |website=www.patrika.com}}</ref>
* [[Upendra Limaye]] as Sachin Mane – Ajji's elder son; Varun's brother; Sarita's husband; Tara and Radhika's father <ref>{{Cite web |title=National Award winner Upendra Limaye to make Hindi television debut in Tara From Satara |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment/telly-talk/gossip/article/national-award-winner-upendra-limaye-to-make-hindi-television-debut-in-tara-from-satara/470304 |access-date=2019-08-17 |website=www.timesnownews.com |date=16 August 2019 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-07-05 |title=I prefer roles that challenge me: Upendra Limaye |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/tv/i-prefer-roles-that-challenge-me-upendra-limaye/story-PHtAq3prhWG4IhH9SKkVLO.html |access-date=2019-08-17 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Eijaz Khan]] as Shartughan (Shatru) Mehra – One of the main judges in Dancer No 1
* [[Sudha Chandran]] as Srilekha – One of the three main judges in Dancer No 1
* [[Anant V Joshi]] as MK – One of the three main judges in Dancer No 1
* Yuvraj Malhotra as R.T Sir – the Producer-Director of Dancer No 1 in special Role
* Arjun Singh Shekhawat as Ankit – Head of backstage operation in the show

* Ashwini Koul as Rahul Ahuja – Dancer No 1 Contest

* Shazil Khan as Amukh Bhedane – Tara's best friend
* Sonu Pathak as Rival dance master of Sachin Mane in [[Satara (city)|Satara]]
* [[Eva Ahuja|Eva Shirali]] as Sarita Mane – Sachin's wife; Tara and Radhika's mother
* [[Amita Khopkar]] as Ajji – Sachin and Varun's mother; Tara, Radhika and Rohan's grandmother <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/amita-khopkar-plays-trendy-grandmom-in-tv-show/articleshow/70598226.cms|title=Amita Khopkar plays trendy grandmom in TV show - Times of India|website=The Times of India|language=en|access-date=2019-08-17}}</ref>
* Ashish Gokhale as Varun Mane – Ajji's younger son; Sachin's brother; Chinu's husband; Rohan's father <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://m.dailyhunt.in/news/bangladesh/english/bollyy-epaper-bolyy/dr+ashish+gokhale+to+be+seen+in+a+new+avatar+in+tara+from+satara-newsid-130024350|title=Dr Ashish Gokhale To Be Seen In A New Avatar In Tara From Satara - Bollyy|website=Dailyhunt|language=en|access-date=2019-08-17}}</ref>
* Saii Ranade Sane as Chinu Mane – Varun's wife; Rohan's mother
* Wahib Kapadia as Rohan Mane – Varun and Chinu's son; Tara and Radhika's cousin
* Bhavya Sachdeva as Abhay – Radhika's boyfriend in Satara
* Agustya Chandra as Alen
* Khushboo Purohit as Gurpreet
* Aman Gandhi as Samar – Gurpreet's boyfriend
*Vishal Rai as Venky

== References ==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|id=10833468}}
*[https://www.sonyliv.com/shows/tara-from-satara-1700000081 Watch Tara from Satara] - Official Website
{{Sony Entertainment Television India Shows}}

[[Category:2019 Indian television series debuts]]
[[Category:Hindi-language television shows]]
[[Category:Indian drama television series]]
[[Category:Indian television soap operas]]
[[Category:Sony Entertainment Television original programming]]
[[Category:2020 Indian television series endings]]
[[Category:Television shows set in Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Television shows set in Mumbai]]
[[Category:Hindi cinema in fiction]]

J. T. Patil

2025-12-04T15:39:24Z

Vilianahdm: cleanup

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2019}}
{{Infobox officeholder
|image =
|office = Member of the [[Karnataka Legislative Assembly]]
|term_start = 2023
|predecessor = [[Murugesh Nirani]]
|constituency = [[Bilgi Assembly constituency|Bilgi]]
|term_start1 = 2013
|term_end1 = 2018
|predecessor1 = [[Murugesh Nirani]]
|successor1 = [[Murugesh Nirani]]
|constituency1 = [[Bilgi (Vidhana Sabha constituency)|Bilgi]]
|term_start2 =1994
|term_end2 =2004
|predecessor2 = Yalligutti Gangadharappa Gurusiddappa
|successor2 =[[Murugesh Nirani]]
|constituency2 = [[Bilgi (Vidhana Sabha constituency)|Bilgi]]
| occupation =[[Politician]]
|children =
|party = [[Indian National Congress]]
|education =[[Bachelor of Science]]
|profession =Agriculturist
| nationality = {{flag|India|name=Indian}}
|birth_place = [[Amalzari]]
|website =
}}
'''Jagadish Timmanagouda Patil''' is an [[Indian people|Indian]] [[Politician]] from the state of [[Karnataka]]. He is currently serving as member of the [[Karnataka Legislative Assembly]] representing [[Bilgi Assembly constituency|Bilgi]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.elections.in/karnataka/assembly-constituencies/bilgi.html | title=Sitting and previous MLAs from Bilgi Assembly Constituency | work=elections.in | accessdate=26 May 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://myneta.info/karnataka2013/candidate.php?candidate_id=224 | title=Karnataka 2013 JAGADISH PATIL (Winner) BILGI (BAGALKOT) | work=myneta.info | accessdate=26 May 2016}}</ref>

He was appointed chairman for Hutti Gold Mines Corporation on 26 January 2024.<ref name="34 MLAs appointed as heads to govt.-owned boards and corporations in Karnataka">{{cite news |last1= |first1= |date=26 January 2024 |title=34 MLAs appointed as heads to govt.-owned boards and corporations in Karnataka |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/karnataka/34-mlas-appointed-as-heads-to-govt-owned-boards-and-corporations-in-karnataka/article67780204.ece |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240731093326/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/karnataka/34-mlas-appointed-as-heads-to-govt-owned-boards-and-corporations-in-karnataka/article67780204.ece |archive-date=31 July 2024 |access-date=20 January 2025 |publisher=The Hindu |language=en-IN}}</ref><ref name="Karnataka: 34 MLAs made chiefs of boards, Shanti Nagar MLA gets BDA">{{cite news |last1= |first1= |date=27 January 2024 |title=Karnataka: 34 MLAs made chiefs of boards, Shanti Nagar MLA gets BDA |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/karnataka/2024/Jan/27/karnataka-34-mlas-made-chiefs-of-boards-shanti-nagar-mla-gets-bda |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250120155042/https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/karnataka/2024/Jan/27/karnataka-34-mlas-made-chiefs-of-boards-shanti-nagar-mla-gets-bda |archive-date=20 January 2025 |access-date=20 January 2025 |publisher=The New Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>

== Political career ==
He is from the [[Indian National Congress]].<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/karnataka/bilgi-mla-refutes-charge/article4718539.ece | title=Bilgi MLA refutes charge | date=16 May 2013 | newspaper=The Hindu | accessdate=11 November 2019}}</ref> He was first elected to the [[Karnataka Legislative Assembly]] in 1994 till 2004. He was re-elected from Bilgi in 2013 and again in 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-05-13 |title=Bilgi Election Result 2023 LIVE Updates and Highlights: Winner, Loser, Leading, Trailing, MLA, Margin |url=https://www.news18.com/elections/bilgi-election-result-2023-live-updates-and-highlights-winner-loser-leading-trailing-mla-margin-7795813.html |access-date=2023-08-18 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Patil, J. T.}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Karnataka]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Karnataka MLAs 1994–1999]]
[[Category:Karnataka MLAs 1999–2004]]
[[Category:Karnataka MLAs 2013–2018]]
[[Category:Karnataka MLAs 2023–2028]]

Wheat production in India

2025-11-27T03:56:29Z

Vilianahdm:

{{Short description|none}}
[[File:Golden_fields,_bustling_harvest_02.jpg|thumb|Wheat harvester in Punjab]]Most of India's [[wheat]] is produced in the northwestern part of [[Indo-Gangetic Plain|Indo-Gangetic plains]]. India is the second-largest producer of wheat in the world. Climate change has impacted the production of wheat in India. India has banned the exportation of wheat.

== Geography ==
[[File:Wheat_production_in_India_from_October_to_April_2025.png|thumb|80% of India's total wheat production.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Wheat Explorer - India |url=https://ipad.fas.usda.gov/cropexplorer/cropview/comm_chartview.aspx?fattributeid=1&cropid=0410000&sel_year=2025&startrow=1&ftypeid=47&regionid=sasia&cntryid=IND |access-date=2025-11-19 |website=Foreign Agricultural Service (US Department of Agriculture)}}</ref>]]
Most of India's wheat is produced in the northwestern part of Indo-Gangetic plains. Most of India's wheat is produced in States of [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[Punjab, India|Punjab]], [[Haryana]], and [[Madhya Pradesh]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |last=Prakash |first=Priyali |date=2025-03-10 |title=How climate change affects India’s wheat production |url=https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/agriculture/climate-change-impact-on-wheat-production-in-india/article69306516.ece |url-access=subscription |access-date=2025-11-19 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

== Production ==
{{See also|List of countries by wheat production}}
Punjab produces 18% of India's wheat, which has led to the state getting the title of “Granary of India". Since the green revolution Punjab's wheat production has tripled.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-03-15 |title=Wheat Production Systems in Northern in India {{!}} UNEP - UN Environment Programme |url=https://www.unep.org/topics/teeb/teeb-agriculture-and-food-teebagrifood/teeb-agrifood-country-implementation/wheat |access-date=2025-11-19 |website=United Nations Environment Programme |language=en}}</ref> As of November 14, 2025, wheat was planted on 6.62 million hectares of land in India.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Jadhav |first=Rajendra |date=November 18, 2025 |title=India set for record wheat planting as soil moisture and prices rise |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/china/india-set-record-wheat-planting-soil-moisture-prices-rise-2025-11-18 |access-date=November 18, 2025 |work=Reuters}}</ref> As of 2025, India is the second largest producer of wheat in the world.<ref name=":1" />

A study by the [[International Journal of Molecular Sciences]] found that heat stress caused by climate change led to a reduction in grain production and grain quality due to damage to the natural processes of the plant.<ref name=":0" /> A report by the [[Department of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare]] showed that for every increase of one degree Celsius, wheat production drops by 4-5 million tons.<ref>{{Cite web |date=June 21, 2024 |title=Rising Temperatures Threaten India’s Wheat Production |url=https://thediplomat.com/2024/06/rising-temperatures-threaten-indias-wheat-production/ |access-date=2025-11-19 |website=The Diplomat |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Kumar |first=Rajesh |last2=Mittal |first2=Surender |last3=Dheeraj |first3=Panghaal |editor-last=Kumar |editor-first=Sanjay |editor2-last=Mishra |editor2-first=Shailesh Kumar |editor3-last=Kumar |editor3-first=Sudhir |editor4-last=Joshi |editor4-first=Sanjay Kumar |editor5-last=Pathak |editor5-first=Abhay Shankar |title=Climate Change and its Impact on Indian Agriculture |url=https://agriwelfare.gov.in/Documents/Intensive-Agriculture-April-June-2023.pdf |url-access=limited |access-date=November 19, 2025 |website=Department of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare |page=10 |quote=Greater loss is expected in rabi season crops. Every 1°C increase in temperature reduces wheat production by 4-5 million tons. This losswould be reduced to 1-2 million tons if planting is done in time.}}</ref> As of 2025, the summer crop season has been starting late, which causes the late stages of the wheat plant's growth to coincide with the first of India's annual [[Heat wave|heat waves]]. The high temperature causes the wheat flower early and ripen faster, which leads to lower wheat production.<ref name=":0" />

== Policy ==
After the [[Russo-Ukrainian war (2022–present)|Russian invasion of Ukraine]], India prohibited the exportation of wheat. The prohibition was in response to the lack of availability of wheat, price increases of wheat due to the invasion, and a sharp rise of temperature that led to crops dying.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1">{{Cite news |last=Bhardwaj |first=Mayank |last2=Jadhav |first2=Rajendra |date=March 10, 2025 |title=India likely to produce record 115.4 million tons of wheat, farm ministry says |url=https://www.reuters.com/markets/commodities/india-likely-produce-record-1154-million-tons-wheat-farm-ministry-says-2025-03-10/ |work=Reuters}}</ref> The [[Directorate General of Foreign Trade]] later clarified that it was allowing wheat exports as humanitarian aid on a case-by-case basis.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 25, 2022 |title=India - Extreme Temperatures Scorch Indian Wheat Production |url=https://apps.fas.usda.gov/newgainapi/api/Report/DownloadReportByFileName?fileName=India%20-%20Extreme%20Temperatures%20Scorch%20Indian%20Wheat%20Production_New%20Delhi_India_IN2022-0045 |access-date=November 18, 2025 |website=Foreign Agricultural Service (US Department of Agriculture)}}</ref>

India created a policy to distribute free wheat grain to 810 million people for 5 years with 18.4 million tons of wheat from its reserve, which was enacted on January 1, 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |title=India's 2023-24 wheat crop seen slightly lower on year, below govt estimates |url=https://www.spglobal.com/commodity-insights/en/news-research/latest-news/agriculture/021924-indias-2023-24-wheat-crop-seen-slightly-lower-on-year-below-govt-estimates |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20250426011958/https://www.spglobal.com/commodity-insights/en/news-research/latest-news/agriculture/021924-indias-2023-24-wheat-crop-seen-slightly-lower-on-year-below-govt-estimates |archive-date=2025-04-26 |access-date=2025-11-19 |website=S&P Global Commodity Insights |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite news |last=Jadhav |first=Rajendra |last2=Bhardwaj |first2=Mayank |date=May 28, 2025 |title=No imports needed: India's wheat harvest defies market speculation |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/china/no-imports-needed-indias-wheat-harvest-defies-market-speculation-2025-05-28/ |access-date=November 19, 2025 |work=Reuters}}</ref> India purchased 18.8 million tons of wheat produced domestically in 2022, which was 53% less than the previous year.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Jadhav |first=Rajendra |date=March 3, 2023 |title=India's wheat output dented by heatwave, could limit government stock building |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/india/indias-wheat-output-dented-by-heatwave-could-limit-government-stock-building-2023-03-03/ |access-date=November 19, 2025 |work=Reuters}}</ref> 80% of wheat purchased by India from their farmers shrived up.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2022-05-12 |title=Is India facing a wheat crisis? |url=https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/agriculture/is-india-facing-a-wheat-crisis/article65407140.ece |access-date=2025-11-19 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> India has enacted a 40% import tax on wheat.<ref name=":2" />

== References ==
<references />
[[Category:Wheat production]]
[[Category:Agricultural production in India by commodity]]
{{India topics|state=collapsed}}

Surendranath Tagore

2025-11-20T10:09:40Z

Vilianahdm: cleanup

{{Short description|Writer (1872–1940)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2016}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Surendranath Tagore
| birth_date = {{birth year|1872}}
| birth_place = [[Mumbai|Bombay]], [[Bombay Presidency]], British India (now [[Mumbai]], [[Maharashtra]], India)
| death_date = {{death year and age|1940|1872}}
| citizenship = [[British Indian]]
| occupation = Author, Scholar, Translator, Entrepreneur
| mother = [[Jnanadanandini Devi]]
| father = [[Satyendranath Tagore]]
| relatives = [[Indira Devi Chaudhurani]] (sister); Sarada Sundari Devi and [[Debendranath Tagore]] (grandparents); [[Dwijendranath Tagore|Dwijendranath]], [[Hemendranath Tagore|Hemendranath]], [[Jyotirindranath Tagore|Jyotirindranath]], [[Swarnakumari Tagore|Swarnakumari]], [[Rabindranath Tagore]] (uncle and aunts) +9 others
| family = [[Tagore family]]
}}
{{Anushilan Samiti}}
'''Surendranath Tagore''' (1872–1940) was an Indian author, literary scholar, translator and entrepreneur. He is particularly noted for translating a number of works of [[Rabindranath Tagore]] to English.<ref name=Oxforddictionaryofnationalbiography98035>{{Cite ODNB|doi=10.1093/ref:odnb/98035|title=Tagore, Satyendranath (1842–1923), Indian civil servant and author}}</ref>

== Early life and background ==
A member of the [[Tagore family]] of Calcutta, he was born to [[Satyendranath Tagore]] and [[Jnanadanandini Devi]] in Bombay in 1872. Surendranath's sister [[Indira Devi Choudhurani]], born in 1873, was a noted littereaur, author and musician.<ref name="Lal1992p4322">{{harvnb|Lal|1992|p=4322}}</ref> He graduated from [[St Xavier's college, Calcutta]] in 1893, and at an early stage in his life he became involved in the [[Nationalist Movements in India|Indian nationalist movement]]. He attended [[Bishop Cotton School (Shimla)|Bishop Cotton School, Shimla]] in 1881.{{cn|date=November 2025}}

== Career ==
He was involved in supporting strike by railway workers in Bombay in 1899, and subsequently became involved in the ''[[Swadeshi]]'' movement in Bengal, in opposition to the [[1905 partition of Bengal]].<ref name="Lal1992p4322" /> Surendranath is also believed to have been involved in the early phase of revolutionary movement for Indian independence, when he served as the treasurer of the ''[[Anushilan Samiti]]'' established under Pramatha Mitra.<ref name="PalandChakrabartip238">{{harvnb|Pal|Gupta|Chakrabarti|1977|p=238}}</ref><ref name="Guhap102">{{harvnb|Guha|1971|p=102|ps=: "The Anushilan Samiti—of which P. Mitra was the President, Chittaranjan Das the Vice-President and Surendranath Tagore the Treasurer—continued to be the main organisation of the young workers; but it concerned itself mainly with physical and intellectual culture."}}</ref> Surendranath is credited with establishing a number of Indian-owned banks and insurance companies through which he sought to encourage indigenous industries.<ref name="Lal1992p4322" />
Surendranath's work in the initial stages of establishment of [[Visva-Bharati]] is considered crucial,<ref name="Lal1992p4322" /> and he sat in the university's publishing board. He also served as the editor of ''[[The Visva-Bharati Quarterly]]'' from the July 1923 up to April 1929.

Surendranath was influenced by his uncle [[Rabindranath Tagore|Rabindranath]] from an early age which saw him develop an interest in literature.<ref name=Lal1992p4322/> Surendranath's work include both his own creative work, as well as translations of Rabindranath's work from Bengali to English. Surendranath's own noted literary works included essays on various aspects of Science which were published in the magazines ''[[Sadhana (magazine)|Sadhana]]'' and ''[[Bharati (magazine)|Bharati]]''. He also contributed to [[Modern Review (Calcutta)|Modern review]], and ''[[Prabasi]]''. Among the noted works in translations is his translations of Rabindranath's works [[The Home and the World]] (''Ghare baire'') in 1919, ''Glimpses of Bengal Selected from letters'' (''Chinnapatra'') in 1921, and ''Four chapters'' (''Char adhyaye'') in 1950 (published after his death).
Surendranath Tagore died in 1940.

==Family tree==
{{main|Tagore_family#Family_tree}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Further reading==
* {{Citation
| last = Lal
| first=Mohan
| year = 1992
| title = Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature
| publisher = Sahitya Akademi |ISBN = 8126012218}}
* {{Citation
| last1 = Pal
| first1 = Bipin Chandra
| last2 = Gupta
| first2 = Atulchandra
| last3 = Chakrabarti
| first3 = Jagannath
| year = 1977
| title = Studies in the Bengal renaissance
| publisher = National Council of Education
| oclc = 568681052}}
* {{Citation
| last1 = Guha
| first1=Arun Chandra
| year = 1971
| title = First spark of revolution: the early phase of India's struggle for independence, 1900–1920
| publisher = Orient Longman
| oclc = 254043308}}

==External links==
{{Bengal Renaissance}}
{{Tagore family}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Tagore, Surendranath}}
[[Category:Anushilan Samiti]]
[[Category:1872 births]]
[[Category:1940 deaths]]
[[Category:St. Xavier's College, Kolkata alumni]]
[[Category:University of Calcutta alumni]]
[[Category:Bengali writers]]
[[Category:Bengali Hindus]]
[[Category:Writers from Kolkata]]
[[Category:Tagore family|Surendranath]]
[[Category:Translators of Rabindranath Tagore]]
[[Category:Writers from British India]]

Choklangan

2025-09-12T19:51:13Z

Vilianahdm: starting pg...

{{Short description|Village in Nagaland, India}}
{{one source|date=May 2024}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2025}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Choklangan
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = village
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Nagaland
| pushpin_label_position =
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Nagaland, India
| coordinates = {{coord|26.103755|95.083668|region:IN|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Nagaland]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Noklak district|Noklak]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| leader_title =
| leader_name =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 2,027
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 =[[Patsho Khiamniungan]] & Nokhu
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = 
| postal_code =
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| area_code =
| registration_plate = NL
| website = 
| footnotes =
}}
'''Choklangan''' is a village in the Indian state of [[Nagaland]], located between the mountain of [[Mount Khülio-King|Mount Khelia King]] ({{IPA|/kʰə.³³lɪɒ³¹.kɪŋ³³/|audio=En-Khǖlìo kīng.ogg|lang=ps}}), Kenking, and Enshau king. The village is 57 km away from the District HQ [[Noklak]].<ref name="noklak">{{cite web|url=https://noklak.nic.in/tourist-place/choklangan/#:~:text=Choklangan%20is%20a%20small%20village,its%20fine%20craftsmanship%20and%20handlooms./|title=Choklangan-The Frontier district Noklak|date=21 January 2024|website=noklak.nic.in}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Villages in Noklak district]]
[[Category:Villages in Tuensang district]]

Evoor Major Sri Krishnaswamy Temple

2025-09-12T08:06:43Z

Vilianahdm:

{{Short description|Hindu temple in Kerala, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2019}}
{{Infobox Mandir
| name = Evoor Sri krishnaswamy temple
| image = Evoor temple.JPG
| alt =
| caption =
| map_type = India Kerala
| map_caption = Location in Kerala
| coordinates = {{coord|9.2305|76.4818|type:landmark_region:IN|display=inline,title}}
| country = India
| state = [[Kerala]]
| district = [[Alappuzha]]
| location = [[Evoor]], [[Haripad]]
| elevation_m =
| deity = [[Sri Krishna]](Prayoga Chakra Prathishta)
| festivals= Evoor Makara Ulsavam, Krishna Janmashtami<ref>{{cite book|last=India.|first=Directorate of Census Operations, Kerala|title=Temples of Kerala|year=1999|publisher=Controller of Publications}}</ref>
| architecture = Traditional Kerala style
| temple_quantity =
| monument_quantity=
| inscriptions =
|established = Five Millennium Ago - During Khandava Dahanam
| year_completed = 19th century
| creator = [[Moolam Thirunal]] - Current structure<ref>{{cite book|last=C.P.R. Environmental Education Centre|first=C.P. Ramaswami Aiyar Foundation.|title=Sacred Tanks of South India|year=2002|publisher=C.P.R. Environmental Education Centre}}</ref>
| governing_body =[[Travancore Devaswom Board]]
| website =
}}

'''Evoor Major Srikrishnaswamy temple''' is a Krishna temple in [[Evoor]] near [[Haripad]], in [[Alappuzha district|Alappuzha]], [[Kerala]]. It is said to have originated five millennium ago following Khandava Dahanam. Temple in its current form is built by [[Moolam Thirunal]].

==Mahabharata Legend==
[[Agni]], after devouring clarified butter uninterrupted for twelve years from Swetaki's Yagja, suffered a stomach ailment. [[Lord Brahma]] advised him to consume the Khandava forest. The forest was abode to [[Takshaka]], the Naga leader and friend of [[Indra]]. Whenever [[Agni]] tried to consume the forest [[Indra]], with his thundershowers, stopped him. [[Agni]] turned to [[Arjuna]] and [[Krishna]] for assistance. Agni armed Arjuna with the mighty bow [[Gandiva]] which rivalled [[Shiva Dhanush|Pinaka]], the bow of Lord Shiva himself.
When Arjuna and Krishna arrived at Khandava forest [[Kanva]] Maharishi approached them with a request to spare his Arca moorthy (a four handed idol of [[Vishnu]]) Krishna granted the request. Arjuna constructed a Sarakoodam to shelter Agni. Under the Sarakoodam [[Agni]] consumed the forest and was cured of the ailment. Grateful, [[Agni]], expressed his wish to install Arca moorthy in a new temple there to facilitate worship. As instructed by [[Sri Krishna]], [[Arjuna]] fired an arrow to determine an auspicious location for the proposed temple. The place where the arrow landed was used to construct the new temple. Evoor is a corrupt form of Eythoor (place where arrow was shot). Krishna performed Prana-Pratishta and Arjuna performed the first pooja. Bhoothanathaswamy( [[Kiratha Murthy]] form of [[Lord Shiva]]) and Yakshi Amma ( [[Parvati|Devi Parvathy]]) were consecrated as the Sub Deities. The remains of burned trees in the locality and names of nearby places, [[Karippuzha]] (kari means char), [[Pathiyoor]] (corruption of Kathiya Oor-place that burnt), Pandavarkavu, [[Mannarasala Temple|Mannarasala]], Kannamangalam (Kanva-Mangalam Kanva's abode) agree with the account.<ref>Mahabharata Adi Parva</ref><ref name=rajeev>Evoor Sri Krishna Swamy temple By Sri Krishna Dasa Rajeev</ref>

==Fire and Reconstruction==
About one and a half century ago the temple burnt when the sanctum santorum caught fire. The idol was recovered from the burning temple. The then King [[Moolam Thirunal]] who was visiting Kashi had a vision in his dream asking him to reconstruct the temple. He returned right away and constructed a new temple.<ref name=rajeev />

==Deity==
Evoor Bhagavan's Deity is the unique ''Prayoga Chakra Prathishta''. The idol of Sri Krishna is in the four armed Vishnu form with [[Panchajanya]] Shankha, [[Sudarshana Chakra]] and butter in three hands and the fourth arm held on hip. The deity is furious form and ''Raktha-pushpanjali'' is a special offering here which is unavailable in Vishnu temples elsewhere.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.hindupedia.com/en/Evoor_Sri_Krishna_Temple | title=Evoor Sri Krishna Temple - Hindupedia, the Hindu Encyclopedia }}</ref>

==Makara Ulsava==
Ulsava in Evoor temple starts on first day of makara and continues for ten days. The {{Transliteration|ml|ulsava}} begins with the hosting of Garuda printed flag. The {{Transliteration|ml|ulsava}} of days 7, 8, and 9 are sponsored by three karas one at a time. On the ninth day there is ''Kala-kettu'' (decorated effigies of Bulls). The {{Transliteration|ml|ulsava}} culminates with {{Transliteration|ml|Aaraattu}} (holy bath) after that the flag is lowered and the deity proceeds to ''Pallikkuruppu'' (Holy Sleep).<ref name=rajeev />

==See also==

* [[Temples of Kerala]]
* [[Temple festivals of Kerala]]

==References==
{{commons category|Evoor Krishna Temple}}
{{reflist}}

{{Hindu temples in Kerala |state=collapsed}}

[[Category:Hindu temples in Alappuzha district]]
[[Category:Hindu pilgrimage sites in India]]
[[Category:Abhimana temples of Vishnu]]
[[Category:Krishna temples]]

Mungpira

2025-08-29T10:01:21Z

Vilianahdm: redirect

#REDIRECT [[Mângpawrha]]

Charles Alexander Bruce

2025-08-26T23:19:12Z

Vilianahdm: added info

{{Short description|British naval officer, explorer and writer}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2024}}
'''Charles Alexander Bruce''' (11 January 1793 – 23 April 1871)<ref name="Francis 1902" /><ref name="CNI Church" /> was a British naval officer, explorer and writer. He is known as the father of the tea industry in [[Assam]] (which was part of the [[Bengal Presidency]] from British annexation in 1826 until 1873).<ref name="Narain 2006" /><ref name="Singh 2001" />

==Life==
Bruce was born at [[Jorhat]] in the [[Ahom Kingdom]].<ref>{{cite DIB|wstitle=Bruce, Charles Alexander}}</ref> In 1809 he was a [[midshipman]] on the Indiaman [[Chilean ship Lautaro (1818)|''Windham'']], sailing from England to India. The vessel was captured by French forces, twice, in the Indian Ocean, and he was taken to [[Isle de France (Mauritius)|Mauritius]]. There he was imprisoned on a ship, until the [[Invasion of Isle de France|British invasion of 1810]]. He served as an officer on a British troopship in the [[Invasion of Java (1811)|invasion of Java]].<ref name="Ukers">{{cite book |last1=Ukers |first1=William |title=All About Tea |date=14 June 2017 |publisher=Lulu.com |isbn=978-1-387-04007-0 |pages=146–147 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8i4qDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA146 |language=en}}</ref> In India, he worked initially as an officer of the [[Royal Indian Navy#1612–1830, the Bombay Marine|Bombay Marine]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Jones |first1=Stephanie |title=Two Centuries Of Overseas Trading |date=27 July 2016 |publisher=Springer |isbn=978-1-349-07376-4 |page=30 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=n8K-DAAAQBAJ&pg=PA30 |language=en}}</ref> Bruce's brother [[Robert Bruce (tea planter)|Robert]] brought to notice the indigenous [[Assam tea|Assamese tea]] plant in 1823 and told Charles of its existence.{{citation needed|date=November 2020}}

In 1824, Bruce served in the [[First Anglo-Burmese War]], during which he was posted to [[Sadiya]] and made commander of a division of gunboats.<ref name="Barua 1994" /> When the war ended, he continued work patrolling the rivers in Assam in gunboats, under Captain Andrew Charlton, a political officer.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Burkill |first1=Isaac Henry |title=Chapters on the history of botany in India. |date=1963 |publisher=Bombay Natural History Society |page=57 |url=https://archive.org/details/burkill/page/n50/mode/1up}}</ref>

In 1835, Bruce was charged by the [[British East India Company]] to start tea plantations, and in 1836 resigned his commission with the gunboat flotilla when he was appointed as the superintendent of the Assam tea plantations.<ref name="Kochhar" /> At first, the East India Company tried to plant [[Chinese tea]] in Assam, but the Chinese plants [[cross-pollinate]]d with the indigenous tea plants and the experiment was considered a disaster. In Sadiya, Bruce, acting on his own initiative, planted a nursery that consisted just of indigenous plants. In 1836, he sent a sample of the manufactured tea to the tea committee in Delhi. [[Lord Auckland]] approved this and tea experts stated that the tea was "of good quality". By 1837, Bruce had a consignment delivered to the tea committee – the consignment consisted of 46 chests filled with tea from the indigenous plants.<ref name="Taknet 2003 p21" />

In 1838, Bruce wrote ''An Account of the Manufacture of the Black Tea, As Now Practised at Suddeya in Upper Assam, By The Chinamen Sent Thither For That Purpose.''<ref name="Bruce 1838" /> In 1839 the first consignment of Indian tea was put up for auction in [[Mincing Lane]], London.<ref name="Ukers"/> It consisted of eight chests weighing 350 pounds, auctioned on 10 January.<ref name="Taknet 2003 p21" /> In 1871, Bruce received the gold medal from the [[Royal Society of Arts]] for cultivation of the indigenous tea plants in Assam.<ref name="India Committee" /> He died aged 78 in Assam, where he was buried in the Christian graveyard at [[Tezpur]].<ref name="Francis 1902"/>

==References==
{{reflist
| colwidth = 30em
| refs =

<ref name="Francis 1902">
{{cite book|last=Francis|first=C.|title=List of Inscriptions on Tombs Or Monuments in Assam|year=1902|publisher=Secretariat Printing Office|page=57}}
</ref>

<ref name="Singh 2001">
{{cite book|last=Singh|first=Bavinder|title=Role of Women Workers in the Tea Industry of North East India|year=2001|publisher=Classical Publishing|isbn=978-8170543206|page=15}}
</ref>

<ref name="CNI Church">
{{cite web|last=Church|first=CNI|title=Burial list at Tezpur Christian cemetery|url=http://epiphanychurchtezpur.hpage.co.in/burial-list_12157921.html|publisher=The church of Epiphany|access-date=30 July 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304092437/http://epiphanychurchtezpur.hpage.co.in/burial-list_12157921.html|archive-date=4 March 2016|url-status=dead}}
</ref>

<ref name="Narain 2006">
{{cite book|last=Narain|first=Amarendra|title=Socio-economic and Political Problems of Tea Garden Workers: A Study of Assam|year=2006|publisher=Mittal|isbn=978-8183240987|page=28|author2=Purendu Kumar|author3=S.N. Singh}}
</ref>

<ref name="Barua 1994">
{{cite book|last=Barua|first=Deepali|title=Urban History of India: A Case Study|year=1994|publisher=South Asia Books|isbn=978-8170995388|page=47}}
</ref>

<ref name="Kochhar">
{{cite journal|last=Kochhar|first=Rajesh|title=Natural history in India during 18th and 19th centuries|journal=Journal of Biosciences|date=June 2013|publisher=Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali|page=21|url=https://www.academia.edu/2654130|quote=On 11 February 1835, Charles Bruce was appointed in charge of nurseries to be developed in Upper Assam, at Sadiya and other places (Tea Parliamentary Papers 1839 p 40; hereafter TPP). A year later, from January 1836, Bruce was designated Superintendent of Tea Plantations at a salary of Rs 400 p. m. With this appointment, Charles Bruce closed his personal business and resigned the gunboat charge.}}
</ref>

<ref name="Taknet 2003 p21">
{{cite book|last=Taknet|first=D.K.|author-link=D. K. Taknet|title=The heritage of Indian tea: the past, the present, and the road ahead|year=2003|publisher=Indian Institute of Marwari Entrepreneurship|isbn=978-8185878010|page=21|editor=Siddharth Mukherjee}}
</ref>

<ref name="India Committee">
{{cite book|last=Committee|first=India|title=Journal of the Royal Society of Arts|year=1871|publisher=Royal Society of Arts|page=620|edition=Volume 19}}
</ref>

<ref name="Bruce 1838">
{{cite book|last=Bruce|first=Charles Alexander|title=An Account of the Manufacture of the Black Tea, As Now Practised at Suddeya in Upper Assaam, By The Chinamen Sent Thither For That Purpose|year=1838|publisher=G H Huttmann, Bengal military orphan press}}
</ref>

}}

==External links==
{{Wikisource author-inline}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bruce, Charles Alexander}}
[[Category:Tea industry in Assam]]
[[Category:Bombay Marine officers]]
[[Category:1793 births]]
[[Category:1871 deaths]]
[[Category:People of the Ahom kingdom]]
[[Category:People from the Bengal Presidency]]

Geography of Uttarakhand

2025-08-15T19:17:05Z

Vilianahdm:

{{Short description|none}} 
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2017}}
{{Country geography
|name = Uttarakhand
|map = File:India Uttarakhand relief map.svg
|map size = 250px
|continent = [[Asia]]
|region = {{flag|India}}
|area ranking =
|km area = 53,483
|percent land =
|percent water =
|km coastline = 0
|borders = {{flagicon|China}} [[Tibet Autonomous Region]] {{flagicon|Nepal}} [[Sudurpashchim Pradesh]] {{flagicon|India}} [[Uttar Pradesh]] {{flagicon|India}} [[Himachal Pradesh]]
|highest point = [[Nanda Devi]] {{convert|7817|m|ft}}
|lowest point = [[Sharda River|Sharda Sagar Reservoir]] {{convert|187|m|ft}}
|longest river = [[Ganges]]
|largest lake = [[Ramganga|Ramganga–Sonanadi Reservoir]]
}}

'''[[Uttarakhand]]''' has a total geographic area of 53,483 km2, of which 86% is mountainous and 65% is covered by [[forest]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.fsi.org.in/cover_2011/uttarakhand.pdf |title=State of Uttarakhand |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120523232018/http://www.fsi.org.in/cover_2011/uttarakhand.pdf |archivedate=23 May 2012 |df=dmy-all }}</ref> Most of the northern parts of the state are part of Greater Himalaya ranges, covered by the high [[Himalaya]]n peaks and glaciers, while the lower foothills were densely forested till denuded by the British log merchants and later, after independence, by forest contractors. Recent efforts in [[reforestation]], however, have been successful in restoring the situation to some extent. The unique Himalayan ecosystem plays host to many animals (including [[bharal]], [[snow leopard]]s, [[leopard]]s and [[tiger]]s), plants and rare herbs. Two of India's great rivers, the [[Ganges]] and the [[Yamuna]] take birth in the glaciers of Uttarakhand, and are fed by myriad lakes, glacial melts and streams.<ref>Himalayan Rivers, Lakes and Glaciers. [[New Delhi]]: [[Indus]] Pub. Co.</ref>

{{wide image|Himalaya Panorama Alok Prasad.jpg | 2800px | A panorama of [[Garhwal Himalaya]] from [[Dhanaulti]]}}

==Terrain and vegetation==
[[File:Nanda devi.jpg|thumb|250px|left|alt=Nanda Devi|With the elevation of {{convert|7,817|m|ft}} above sea level, [[Nanda Devi]] is the highest mountain in Uttarakhand and the second-highest mountain in India, following [[Kangchenjunga]] in [[Sikkim]].]]
[[File:SHARDA SAGAR DAM 01.jpg|thumb|250px|right|alt=Sharda Sagar Reservoir|With the elevation of {{convert|187|m|ft}} above sea level, [[Sharda River|Sharda Sagar Reservoir]] is the lowest land point in Uttarakhand.]]

Uttarakhand lies on the southern slope of the [[Himalaya]] range, and the climate and vegetation vary greatly with elevation, from glaciers at the highest elevations to tropical forests at the lower elevations. The highest elevations are covered by ice and bare rock. [[Nanda Devi]] is the highest land point of Uttarakhand with the altitude of {{convert|7817|m|ft}} above sea level. [[Sharda River|Sharda Sagar Reservoir]] is the lowest land point of Uttarakhand with the altitude of {{convert|187|m|ft}}.<ref>{{cite web|title=Ichthyofaunal Diversity of Sharda Sagar Reservoir in Tarai Region|url=http://oaji.net/pdf.html%3Fn%3D2017/6036-1522843486.pdf&ved=2ahUKEwiM5_K5y8PkAhWGknAKHeL7B-sQFjAOegQICRAB&usg=AOvVaw2vDxLKmM8imKtQxbyVI49S|format=pdf|publisher=Open Academics Journal Index|accessdate=9 September 2019}}</ref> [[Western Himalayan alpine shrub and meadows]] occur between {{convert|3000|and|5000|m|ft}}: tundra and alpine meadows cover the highest elevations, ''[[Rhododendron]]''-dominated shrublands cover the lower elevations. [[Western Himalayan subalpine conifer forests]] lie just below the tree line; at {{convert|3000|to|2600|m|ft}} elevation they transition to [[western Himalayan broadleaf forests]], which lie in a belt from {{convert|2600|to|1500|m|ft}} elevation. Below {{convert|1500|m|ft}} elevation lie the [[Himalayan subtropical pine forests]]. The drier [[Terai-Duar savanna and grasslands]] belt and the [[Upper Gangetic Plains moist deciduous forests]] cover the lowlands along the Uttar Pradesh border. This belt is locally known as [[Bhabar]]. These lowland forests have mostly been cleared for agriculture, but a few pockets remain.<ref>Negi, S. S. (1995). Uttarakhand: land and people. New Delhi: MD Pub.</ref>

During the last five years Uttarakhand witnessed number of forest fires. These fires include [[2020 Uttarakhand forest fires#Impact|2020 Uttarakhand forest fire]] and many others. Some of the consequences of these forest fires include loss of life, shrinking of forest areas, loss of biodiversity and decrease in [[Ecotourism]] in the state.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Edit |first=T. O. I. |title=Why Uttarakhand burns: The Himalayan state has emerged as India’s most ecologically fragile. We’re to blame |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/blogs/toi-editorials/234570/ |access-date=2024-05-07 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

==National parks==

[[National parks of India|Indian National Parks]] in Uttarakhand include the [[Jim Corbett National Park]] previously named as Hailey National Park (the oldest national park of India) in [[Nainital District]] and [[Pauri Garhwal District]], [[Valley of Flowers National Park]] and [[Nanda Devi National Park]] in [[Chamoli District]], which together are a [[UNESCO World Heritage Site]], [[Rajaji National Park]] in [[Haridwar District]], [[Dehradun District]] and [[Pauri Garhwal District]] and [[Govind Pashu Vihar National Park]] and [[Gangotri National Park]] in [[Uttarkashi District]].

==See also==
* [[List of mountain peaks of Uttarakhand]]
* [[Lakes of Kumaon hills]]
* [[Nanda Devi and Valley of Flowers National Parks]]
* [[Indomalayan realm]]
* [[Himalayan states]]
* [[Indian Himalayan Region]]
* [[Ecology of the Himalayas]]
* [[Geology of the Himalayas]]
* [[Geography of India]]
* [[Geology of India]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Geography of India by state or territory}}
{{Uttarakhand}}

[[Category:Geography of Uttarakhand| ]]

Telugu-language radio

2025-08-15T10:04:08Z

Vilianahdm: page updated

{{moresources|date=May 2019}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2019}}
'''Telugu-language radio''' was first broadcast from AIR Chennai, [[Egmore]] (then-[[Madras]] or Chennapatnam) on 16 June 1938 at 8:15 pm when the Madras state Prime Minister [[Kurma Venkata Reddy Naidu]] and Chief Minister [[C. Rajagopalachari]] delivered inaugural speeches. In 1933 a 200 W radio station started by postal employee Mahbub Ali had gone on-air from [[Hyderabad]], but in 1935 the [[Nizam of Hyderabad]] took control of it, and most programs were broadcast in [[Urdu]]. In July 1939 it was renamed as Deccan Radio, and on 1 April 1950 the Government of India took control from the Nizam and operated it as Akashavani. AIR Vijayawada started on 1 December 1948.

For several decades, [[All India Radio]] (AIR) and [[Radio Ceylon]] were the only two sources for radio shows in the [[Telugu language]]. AIR operated Telugu-language stations in [[Vijayawada]] (1948), [[Hyderabad]] (1950), [[Visakhapatnam]] (1963) and [[Kadapa]] (1963) in [[Andhra Pradesh]].<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20120401160117/http://allindiaradio.org/DTH-Radio/tel_hybd.htm AIR Telugu schedule from Hyderabad] Archived from [http://www.allindiaradio.org/DTH-Radio/tel_hybd.htm the original] 2012-04-13.</ref> Prior to 2006, only the [[Government of India]] operated radio stations in India. In the mid-2000s, a few private operators were given license to operate FM stations in several cities. In 2006, the FM airwaves were auctioned to private firms to operate FM stations in different cities. These cities were categorized by a letter grade (A-grade, Hyderabad; B-grade, Vijayawada and Visakhapatnam; C-grade, [[Kakinada]] etc.). This auction spawned stations such as [[Radio Mirchi]].

Concurrent with FM radio in Indian languages, online audio broadcasting has begun with TeluguOne Radio on Internet, popularly known as TORi. Born on 1 July 2006, TORi is the first global Telugu broadcast service which offered original programming on a regular schedule in five different world time zones: Sydney ([[Time in Australia|Australia EST]]); [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]; [[UTC]]; [[Eastern Time Zone (North America)|US Eastern]] and [[Pacific Time Zone|US Pacific]].

==References==
{{Reflist}}
http://www.sakshi.com/news/opinion/chennai-in-the-telugu-voice-140131

==External links==
*[https://teluguradios.com Teluguradios]
*[http://www.teluguoneradio.com/ TeluguOne Radio]
*[http://radiosindia.com/teluguradio.html Telugu Radio stations]
*[https://ilovefm.in/induvadana-fm/ Induvadana FM]
*[https://teluguradios.com/ap-9-fm AP9FM]
*[https://ilovefm.in/vividh-bharati-vijayawada/ Vividh Bharati Vijayawada]
*[https://ilovefm.in/visakhapatnam-fm-rainbow/ Visakhapatnam FM Rainbow] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231017044838/https://ilovefm.in/visakhapatnam-fm-rainbow/ |date=17 October 2023 }}
*[https://ilovefm.in/virijallu-telugu-radio/ Virijallu Telugu Radio]
*[https://telugunriradio.com/ Telugu NRI Radio]
*[https://ilovefm.in/telugu-love-radio/ Telugu Love Radio]
*[https://ilovefm.in/telangana-nri-radio/ Telangana NRI Radio]
*[https://ilovefm.in/telangana-fm-siddipet/ Telangana FM Siddipet]
*[https://ilovefm.in/swara-radio/ Swara Radio]
*[https://ilovefm.in/swara-madhuri-telugu-radio/ Swara Madhuri Telugu Radio]
*[https://ilovefm.in/radiovani/ Radiovani]
*[https://ilovefm.in/radio-vishnu-90-4/ Radio Vishnu 90.4]
*[https://ilovefm.in/radio-ranjan/ Radio Ranjan]
*[https://ilovefm.in/radio-mirchi-telugu-hits/ Radio Mirchi Telugu Hits]
*[https://ilovefm.in/radio-manjeera-90-8fm/ Radio Manjeera 90.8FM]
*[https://ilovefm.in/radio-city-bhakti/ Radio City Bhakti]
*[https://teluguradios.com/radio-ala-90-8-f-m Radio Ala 90.8 FM]
*[https://ilovefm.in/melody-radio/ Melody Radio]
*[https://ilovefm.in/mana-radio/ Mana Radio]
*[https://teluguradios.com/london-telugu-radio London Telugu Radio]
*[https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.tamilradiosnet.telugu Telugu Radio]

[[Category:All India Radio]]
[[Category:Telugu-language mass media|Radio]]

Waman Thakre

2025-07-30T00:17:02Z

Vilianahdm: adding article

{{Short description|Indian photographer (1932–2016)}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2017}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2017}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Waman Thakre
| image =
| imagesize =
| caption =
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1932|04|24|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Ramtek]], [[Nagpur district]], [[Maharashtra]], India
| death_date = 6 December 2016 (aged 84)
| death_place = [[Bhopal]], India
| restingplace =
| restingplacecoordinates =
| othername =
| occupation = Photographer
| yearsactive =
| known for =
| spouse =
| domesticpartner =
| children =
| parents =
| website =
| awards = [[Padma Shri]] Shikhar Award
}}
'''Waman Thakre''' (24 April 1932 – 6 December 2016) was an Indian photographer and deputy director at the ''Directorate of Panchayat and Social Service'' of the Government of [[Madhya Pradesh]].<ref name="My Padma Shri is slap on govt’s face">{{cite web | url=http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/-my-padma-shri-is-slap-on-govt-s-face-/22018/ | title=My Padma Shri is slap on govt’s face | publisher=Indian Express | date=29 January 2007 | access-date=17 January 2016}}</ref> He is a Fellow of the [[Royal Photographic Society]] and the [[Photographic Society of America]] and is a recipient of the ''Shikhar Award'' of the MP State government. The Government of India awarded him the fourth highest civilian honour of the [[Padma Shri]], in 2007, for his contributions to Arts.<ref name="Padma Awards">{{cite web | url=http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf | title=Padma Awards | publisher=Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India | date=2016 | access-date=3 January 2016 | archive-date=15 October 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151015193758/http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf | url-status=dead }}</ref>

== Biography ==
Waman Thakre was born in a [[Marathi language|Marathi]] family on 24 April 1932 at [[Ramtek]], a village in [[Nagpur district]] of the Western Indian state of Maharashtra and did his schooling at Samarth Vidyalaya, Ramtek and [[New Era High School]], Nagpur.<ref name="A photographer with a difference">{{cite web | url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/nagpur/A-photographer-with-a-difference/articleshow/1942663.cms | title=A photographer with a difference | publisher=Times of India | date=23 April 2007 | access-date=17 January 2016}}</ref> His college education was Chitrakala Mahavidyalaya, Nagpur and [[Sir Jamsetjee Jeejebhoy School of Art]], Mumbai and after graduating in commercial art and photography, he started his career as an artist under state government service. He rose in ranks at government service and was a deputy director at the Directorate of Panchayat and Social Service of the [[Government of Madhya Pradesh]] at the time of his superannuation.<ref name="My Padma Shri is slap on govt’s face" />

Thakre has conducted several exhibitions in India and abroad and holds several rare photographs in his collection; one of the photographs, a portrait of [[Rani Lakshmi Bai]] he displayed at World Photography Day exhibition at [[Bhopal]] in 2010, invited controversy as to the authenticity of the work.<ref name="DOUBTS RAISED OVER QUEEN OF JHANSI’S ‘ORIGINAL’ PHOTO">{{cite web | url=http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-doubts-raised-over-queen-of-jhansi-s-original-photo-1399108 | title=DOUBTS RAISED OVER QUEEN OF JHANSI’S ‘ORIGINAL’ PHOTO | publisher=DNA Syndicate | date=20 June 2010 | access-date=17 January 2016}}</ref> He is the advisor of ''Photolovers'', an [[Indore]]-based photographic organization,{{citation needed|date=February 2020}} and is involved with promotion of photography in the state.<ref name="‘First Impression’ Photography Exhibition showcases talent of amateur photographers">{{cite web | url=http://www.iamin.in/en/bhopal/news/%E2%80%98first-impression%E2%80%99-photography-exhibition-showcases-talent-amateur-photographers-45652 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150430070718/http://www.iamin.in/en/bhopal/news/%E2%80%98first-impression%E2%80%99-photography-exhibition-showcases-talent-amateur-photographers-45652 | url-status=unfit | archive-date=30 April 2015 | title=‘First Impression’ Photography Exhibition showcases talent of amateur photographers | publisher=DNA Syndicate | date=6 November 2014 | access-date=17 January 2016}}</ref> The Government of Madhya Pradesh awarded him ''Shikhar Award'' in 1988<ref name="My Padma Shri is slap on govt’s face" /> and he received the fourth highest Indian civilian award of the [[Padma Shri]] in 2007.<ref name="Padma Awards" />

Thakre lives in Bhopal, in Madhya Pradesh.<ref name="A photographer with a difference" />

Thakre died on 6 December 2016, at the age of 84.<ref>{{Cite web | title=Sudhir Saxena - The Great Master of Photography Padmshree... | url=https://www.facebook.com/share/p/15pLXxvJXQ/ | access-date=2025-07-25 | website=www.facebook.com}}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[Sir Jamsetjee Jeejebhoy School of Art]]
{{portal|India}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{cite web | url=http://www.bhaskar.com/fotomania/mysearch/410810/1/ | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170403111022/http://www.bhaskar.com/fotomania/mysearch/410810/1/ | url-status=dead | archive-date=3 April 2017 | title=Waman Thakre - Photo Gallery | publisher=[[Dainik Bhaskar]].com | work=Photo gallery | date=2016 | access-date=17 January 2016}}

{{Padma Shri Award Recipients in Art}}
{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Thakre, Waman}}
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Shri in arts]]
[[Category:1932 births]]
[[Category:People from Nagpur district]]
[[Category:Marathi people]]
[[Category:Photographers from Maharashtra]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian photographers]]
[[Category:Indian portrait photographers]]
[[Category:2016 deaths]]

Soumyajit Majumdar

2025-07-12T21:48:58Z

Vilianahdm: adding a details

{{Short description|Indian actor}}
{{Undisclosed paid|date=February 2024}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Soumyajit Majumdar
| image =
| birth_place = Kolkata
| occupation = Actor, Director, Producer
}}

'''Soumyajit Majumdar''' is an Indian actor, director and producer.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Soumyajit Majumdar |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/topic/Soumyajit-Majumdar |access-date=2023-11-12 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> He is mostly known for his roles in ''[[Aashiqui 2]]'' (2013)'', [[Har Har Byomkesh]] (2015), [[Gangster (2016 film)|Gangster]]'' (2016)'', [[Kiriti Roy (2016 film)|Kiriti Roy]] (2016), [[Te3n]] (2016) and [[Ghost of the Golden Groves]]'' (2019).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Soumyajit Majumdar filmography, Movies List of Soumyajit Majumdar {{!}} Soumyajit Majumdar |url=https://www.indianfilmhistory.com/filmography/soumyajit-majumdar-2 |access-date=2023-11-12 |website=www.indianfilmhistory.com}}</ref> He has also produced Bengali language film ''Homecoming'' (2022).<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-02-18 |title=Homecoming movie review: Soumyajit Majumdar's buddy-drama drowns itself in pretentious artistic excesses |url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/homecoming-movie-review-soumyajit-majumdars-buddy-drama-drowns-itself-in-pretentious-artistic-excesses-10385911.html |access-date=2023-11-15 |website=Firstpost |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Interview: Filmmaker Soumyajit Majumdar talks about his debut film, Homecoming |url=https://www.indulgexpress.com/entertainment/celebs/2022/mar/11/interview-filmmaker-soumyajit-majumdar-talks-about-his-debut-film-homecoming-39484.html |access-date=2023-12-23 |website=www.indulgexpress.com |date=10 March 2022 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Team '#Homecoming' came together for an evening to celebrate the film's music |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/my-kolkata/lifestyle/team-homecoming-came-together-for-an-evening-to-celebrate-the-films-music/cid/1854255 |access-date=2023-12-23 |website=www.telegraphindia.com}}</ref>

== Early life and education ==
He was born in Kolkata. He completed his education in mass communication and videography from [[St. Xavier's College, Kolkata|St. Xaviers College Kolkata]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=PTI |date=2022-02-13 |title=Paying homage to theatre in '#Homecoming': director Soumyajit Majumdar |url=https://theprint.in/feature/paying-homage-to-theatre-in-homecoming-director-soumyajit-majumdar/829900/ |access-date=2023-12-23 |website=ThePrint |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Mollywood Casting Director Soumyajit Majumdar Biography, News, Photos, Videos |url=https://nettv4u.com/celebrity/malayalam/casting-director/soumyajit-majumdar |access-date=2023-12-23 |website=nettv4u |language=en}}</ref>

== Career ==
He started his career by playing a cameo in a Bengali film ''[[Gandu (film)|Gandu]]'' in 2010.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Soumyajit Majumdar on Homecoming, his formative Gandu cameo, and returning to one's roots |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/hindi/interviews/2022/feb/23/soumyajit-majumdar-on-homecoming-his-formative-gandu-cameo-and-returning-to-ones-roots-29902.html |access-date=2023-11-12 |website=[[Cinema Express]] |language=en}}</ref> Majumdar made an entry into the Hindi film industry by playing a role in [[Mohit Suri]]'s ''[[Aashiqui 2]]'' in 2013, featuring [[Aditya Roy Kapur]] and [[Shraddha Kapoor]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2013-01-15 |title=Kolkata boy Soumyajit bags a role in Mohit Suri's Aashiqui 2 |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/kolkata-boy-soumyajit-bags-a-role-in-mohit-suris-aashiqui-2/articleshow/18033446.cms |access-date=2023-11-12 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> In 2015, he was roped in for ''[[Har Har Byomkesh]]'', a Bengali mystery thriller by [[Arindam Sil]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2017-01-12 |title=Aashiqui 2 actor Soumyajit Majumdar roped in for Har Har Byomkesh |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movies/news/aashiqui-2-actor-soumyajit-majumdar-roped-in-for-har-har-byomkesh/articleshow/48695416.cms |access-date=2023-11-12 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> In 2016, he featured in a Hindi film ''[[Te3n]]'' by [[Ribhu Dasgupta]], starring [[Amitabh Bachchan]], [[Nawazuddin Siddiqui]] and [[Vidya Balan]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Te3n Movie (2016) {{!}} Release Date, Review, Cast, Trailer, Watch Online at Amazon Prime Video, Apple TV (iTunes), Google Play Movies, Lionsgate Play, Netflix |url=https://www.gadgets360.com/entertainment/te3n-movie-108909 |access-date=2023-11-12 |website=Gadgets 360 |language=en}}</ref> In the same year, he played a role in [[Birsa Dasgupta]]'s [[Gangster (2016 film)|''Gangster'']] and [[Aniket Chattopadhyay]]'s [[Kiriti Roy (2016 film)|''Kiriti Roy'']]. In 2019, he starred in ''[[Ghost of the Golden Groves]]'' movie, which also premiered at the [[London Indian Film Festival]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-07-09 |title=London Indian 2019 Review: GHOST OF THE GOLDEN GROVES |url=https://screenanarchy.com/2019/07/london-indian-2019-review-ghost-of-the-golden-groves.html |access-date=2023-11-12 |website=ScreenAnarchy}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-07-05 |title=Ghost of the Golden Grove first look: a haunting trip into the backwoods of Bengal {{!}} Sight & Sound |url=https://www2.bfi.org.uk/news-opinion/sight-sound-magazine/reviews-recommendations/ghost-golden-groves-bengal-ghost-stories-aniket-dutta-roshni-sen |access-date=2023-11-12 |website=British Film Institute |language=en}}</ref>

In 2022, he directed and produced his first Bengali film ''Homecoming,''<ref>{{Cite news |last=Keswani |first=Pallavi |date=2022-02-22 |title=Soumyajit Majumdar's #Homecoming suffers from its own ignorance of the past |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/soumyajit-majumdars-homecoming-suffers-from-its-own-ignorance-of-the-past/article65074004.ece |access-date=2023-12-23 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> featuring [[Sayani Gupta]], [[Hussain Dalal]] and [[Plabita Borthakur]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=BKD |date=2022-02-02 |title=Soumyajit Majumdar's directorial debut 'Homecoming' to star Sayani Gupta, Hussain Dalal and Plabita Borthakur |url=https://www.nationalheraldindia.com/films/soumyajit-majumdars-directorial-debut-homecoming-to-star-sayani-gupta-hussain-dalal-and-plabita-borthakur |access-date=2023-11-12 |website=National Herald |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=The inside story of OTT sensation 'Homecoming', an ode to Kolkata |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/my-kolkata/lifestyle/the-inside-story-of-ott-sony-liv-sensation-homecoming-an-ode-to-kolkata/cid/1860909 |access-date=2023-12-23 |website=www.telegraphindia.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Sayani Gupta, Hussain Dalal, and Plabita Borthakur to star in musical drama '#Homecoming' – Watch Trailer |url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/entertainment/bollywood/sayani-gupta-hussain-dalal-and-plabita-borthakur-to-star-in-musical-drama-homecoming-watch-trailer |access-date=2023-12-23 |website=Free Press Journal |language=en}}</ref> It was released on [[SonyLIV|''SonyLiv'']] on 18 February 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Soumyajit Majumdar's '#Homecoming' to release on February 18 on SonyLiv |url=https://www.wionews.com/entertainment/soumyajit-majumdars-homecoming-to-release-on-february-18-on-sonyliv-449836 |access-date=2023-11-12 |website=WION |language=en-us}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Sayani Gupta, Hussain Dalal's Homecoming to premiere on SonyLiv on Feb 18. Watch trailer |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/binge-watch/story/sayani-gupta-hussain-dalal-s-homecoming-to-premiere-on-sonyliv-on-feb-18-watch-trailer-1907740-2022-02-02 |access-date=2023-11-15 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-02-06 |title=#Homecoming takes Sayani Gupta to hometown Kolkata |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/entertainment/homecoming-takes-sayani-gupta-to-hometown-kolkata-367609 |access-date=2023-12-23 |website=The Tribune}}</ref> It won the award for Best Film at the 19th annual South Asian International Film Festival, [[New York City|New York]] and Best Asian Film at Tokyo Film Awards.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-01-27 |title=Soumyajit Majumdar talks about Homecoming's successful festival run |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movies/news/soumyajit-majumdar-talks-about-homecomings-successful-festival-run/articleshow/97373858.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2023-11-12 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> It was also the opening film at the Gange Sur Seine Film Festival held from 5–8 October 2023.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-09-26 |title=#Homecoming opens the Gange Sur Seine Film Festival in Paris |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movies/news/homecoming-opens-the-gange-sur-seine-film-festival-in-paris/articleshow/103952811.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2023-12-23 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> Soumyajit won the best director award for ''Homecoming'' at the Gange Sur Seine Film Festival in Paris.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Exclusive! After #Homecoming, Soumyajit Majumdar is busy with Parvathy Baul's biopic |url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/exclusive-after-homecoming-soumyajit-majumdar-is-busy-with-parvathy-bauls-biopic/f01f4e100f339 |access-date=2023-12-23 |website=OTTPlay |language=en}}</ref> In 2023, he started making a biopic on iconic Bengali Baul artist [[Parvathy Baul]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-10-11 |title=Biopic on iconic Baul artist Parvathy Baul on the cards! |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movies/news/biopic-on-iconic-baul-artist-parvathy-baul-on-the-cards/articleshow/104336170.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2023-12-23 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

== Awards and nominations ==
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Year
!Award
!Category
!Result
!Ref.(s)
|-
|2023
|Gange Sur Seine Film Festival
|Best Director
|Won
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Exclusive! After #Homecoming, Soumyajit Majumdar is busy with Parvathy Baul's biopic |url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/exclusive-after-homecoming-soumyajit-majumdar-is-busy-with-parvathy-bauls-biopic/f01f4e100f339 |access-date=2023-12-23 |website=OTTPlay |language=en}}</ref>
|}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Majumdar, Soumyajit}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian actors]]
[[Category:Indian directors]]
[[Category:Indian producers]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Bengali male actors]]

Ratauli, Firozabad

2025-06-26T22:22:10Z

Vilianahdm: Added.

{{Short description|Village in Uttar Pradesh, India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2023}}
{{other uses|Ratauli}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Ratauli
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Village
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| image_map = Kotla block Ratauli.png
| map_caption = Map showing Ratauli in Kotla block
| pushpin_map = India Uttar Pradesh
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Uttar Pradesh, India
| coordinates = {{coord|27.33464|N|78.4087|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = [[India]]
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Firozabad district|Firozabad]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[Tehsil]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[Firozabad]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes = <ref name="Census 2011 A"/>
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 = 5.11
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 3079
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes = <ref name="Census 2011 A"/>
| demographics_type1 =
| demographics1_title1 =
| demographics1_info1 =
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code =
| registration_plate =
| website =
| footnotes =
}}
'''Ratauli''' is a village in [[Kotla, Firozabad|Kotla]] block of [[Firozabad district]], Uttar Pradesh, India. It is located near the source of a small stream called the Sengar. As of 2011, it had a population of 3,079, in 509 households.

== Geography ==
Ratauli is located near the source of a small stream called the Sengar, which flows southeast parallel with the [[Sirsa river]]. Although the Sengar is small, it sometimes floods the low-lying plains around Ratauli during the rainy season.<ref name="Gazetteer 1905">{{cite book |editor1-last=Nevill |editor1-first=H. R. |title=Agra: A Gazetteer, Being Volume VIII of the District Gazetteers of the United Provinces of Agra and Oudh |date=1905 |publisher=Government Press |location=Allahabad |url=https://archive.org/details/dli.ministry.07292 |access-date=18 November 2023}}</ref>{{rp|9, 13}}

== Demographics ==
As of 2011, Ratauli had a population of 3,079, in 509 households.<ref name="Census 2011 A"/>{{rp|95}} This population was 53.3% male (1,640) and 46.7% female (1,439). The 0-6 age group numbered 518 (265 male and 253 female), making up 16.8% of the total population. 1,294 residents were members of Scheduled Castes, or 42.0% of the total.<ref name="Census 2011 B">{{cite web |title=Census of India 2011: Uttar Pradesh District Census Handbook - Firozabad, Part B (Village and Town Wise Primary Census Abstract) |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/1211/download/3858/DH_2011_0916_PART_B_DCHB_FIROZABAD.pdf |website=Census of India |access-date=19 June 2023}}</ref>{{rp|98-9}}

The [[1981 Census of India|1981 census]] recorded Ratauli as having a population of 1,732 people (954 male and 778 female), in 291 households and 290 physical houses.<ref name="Census 1981">{{cite book |title=Census 1981 Uttar Pradesh: District Census Handbook Part XIII-B: Village & Town Directory, District Agra |date=1982 |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/28672/download/31854/28391_1981_AGR.pdf |access-date=25 July 2023}}</ref>{{rp|186-7}}

The [[1961 Census of India|1961 census]] recorded Ratauli as comprising 4 hamlets, with a total population of 1,272 people (696 male and 576 female), in 262 households and 156 houses. The area of the village was given as 1,285 acres.<ref name="Census 1961">{{cite book |title=Census 1961: District Census Handbook, Uttar Pradesh (22 - Agra District) |date=1965 |location=Lucknow |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/28472/download/31654/21841_1961_AGR.pdf |access-date=25 December 2021}}</ref>{{rp|xc}}

== Infrastructure ==
As of 2011, Ratauli had 1 primary school; it did not have any healthcare facilities. Drinking water was provided by hand pump and tube well/borehole; there were no public toilets. The village did not have a post office or public library; there was at least some access to electricity for all purposes. Streets were made of both ''[[Indian vernacular architecture#kachcha|kachcha]]'' and ''[[Indian vernacular architecture#pucca|pakka]]'' materials.<ref name="Census 2011 A">{{cite web |title=Census of India 2011: Uttar Pradesh District Census Handbook - Firozabad, Part A (Village and Town Directory) |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/1210/download/3854/DH_2011_0916_PART_A_DCHB_FIROZABAD.pdf |website=Census of India |access-date=19 June 2023}}</ref>{{rp|95-100}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Firozabad district}}

[[Category:Villages in Firozabad district]]

Phuguri Tea Estate

2025-06-18T00:00:27Z

Vilianahdm: added citations for accuracy per sources

{{Short description|Tea garden in West Bengal, India}}
{{Infobox park
| name = Phuguri Tea Estate
| alt_name =
| photo =
| photo_width = 250
| photo_caption =
| type =
| location = [[Darjeeling district]], West Bengal, India
| nearest_city =
| map =
| coords = {{coord|26.8464|N|88.2026|E||display=inline,title}}
| area = {{convert|1069.64|acres}}
| open = {{Start date|1880}}
| elevation = {{convert|3500 to 6000|ft}}
| owner = Bagaria Group
| operator =
| visitation_num =
| status =
| website =
}}
'''Phuguri Tea Estate''' is a [[Tea garden (cultivation)|tea garden]] in the [[Mirik (community development block)|Mirik]] [[Community development blocks in India|CD block]] in the [[Mirik subdivision]] of the [[Darjeeling district]] in the [[India]]n state of [[West Bengal]].

==History==
Dr. Camphbell was posted as a civil surgeon at Darjeeling in 1839. At that time there were hardly 20 families living in the entire hill tracts. In 1841, Dr. Camphbell brought China tea seeds from Kumaon Hills and planted them in his garden. The success of the initial efforts led the government to go for commercial development of tea gardens. Tea estates, with seeds from government nurseries, were developed at Tukvar, Steinthal and Aloobari. These were followed by other gardens.<ref name="thunderbolt">{{cite web | url = https://www.thunderbolttea.com/te/darjeeling-tea/ | title= Your Ultimate Guide to Darjeeling Teas, the Champabne of Teas| work= 8. History of Darjeeling Tea| publisher= Thunderbolt Tea |access-date = 19 March 2020}}</ref>

Dr. Campbell's primary problem was to draw settlers to that uninhabited region. He sought the help of a nobleman from Nepal, Dakman Rai, to bring workers and immigrants from Nepal. Dakman Rai went back to Nepal and brought back one thousand immigrants, all of whom belonged to the Gurkha or Nepalese community. In appreciation of his helpful service, Dakman Rai was given the grant of free-hold lands presently known as Soureni Tea Estate, Samripani and Phuguri Tea Estate. The last named tea estate was set up in 1880.<ref name="thunderbolt"/>

Phuguri Tea Estate is presently owned by the Bagaria Group.<ref name="teaboutique">{{cite web | url = https://www.darjeelingteaboutique.com/phuguri-tea-estate/ | title= Phuguri Tea Estate | publisher= Darjeeling Tea Bouquet |access-date = 19 March 2020}}</ref><ref name="tourism">{{cite web | url = https://www.darjeeling-tourism.com/darj_0000c6.htm | title= Darjeeling Tea Estates: N-P | work= Phuguri Tea Estate| publisher= Darjeeling Tourism |access-date = 19 March 2020}}</ref>

==Geography==
{{OSM Location map
| width=300| height=320| zoom=10
| coord={{coord|26|54|0|N|88|14|0|E}}| float=left|caption='''Places and tea estates in the southern portion of Darjeeling Sadar subdivision (including Jorebunglow Sukhiapokhri CD block), and Mirik Subdivision in Darjeeling district''' CT: census town, R: rural/ urban centre, NP: national park/ wildlife sanctuary, TE: tea estate Abbreviations used in names – TG for Tea Garden (town/village), TE for Tea Estate Owing to space constraints in the small map, the actual locations in a larger map may vary slightly

|mark-coord1={{coord|26|57|10|N|88|14|17|E}}| label-pos1=right|label1= Rongmook Ceder TG| numbered1=CT| mark-title1= [[Rongmook Ceder Tea Garden]] (CT)|label-color1= #800000 |label-size1=11| mark-size1=12|shape1=l-circle|shape-color1= #A40000|shape-outline1=white|label-offset-x1=2
|mark-coord2={{coord|26|56|20|N|88|10|40|E}}| label-pos2=left|label2=Mangarjung TG| numbered2=CT| mark-title2= [[Mangarjung Tea Garden (Nagri)]] (CT)
|mark-coord3={{coord|26|57|58|N|88|17|10|E}}| label-pos3=right|label3=Sonada| numbered3=CT| mark-title3= [[Sonada]] (CT)
|mark-coord4={{coord|27|0|30|N|88|10|1|E}}| label-pos4=left|label4=Sukhiapokhri| numbered4=CT| mark-title4= [[Sukhiapokhri]] (CT)
|mark-coord5={{coord|26|52|25|N|88|10|30|E}}| label-pos5=left |label5=Mirik| numbered5=M| mark-title5= [[Mirik]] (M)| shape-color5=#800000
|mark-coord6={{coord|26|57|50|N|88|9|20|E}}| label-pos6=left|label6=Chamong TG| numbered6=R| mark-title6= [[Chamong Tea Garden]] (R)| shape-color6=#C42222
|mark-coord7={{coord|26|55|35|N|88|11|40|E}}| label-pos7=right|label7=Dhajea TG| numbered7=R| mark-title7= [[Dhajea Tea Garden]] (R)| shape-color7=#C42222
|mark-coord8={{coord|27|1|10|N|88|15|30|E}}| label-pos8=right|label8=Jorebungalow| numbered8=R| mark-title8= [[Jorebungalow]] (R)| shape-color8=#C42222
|mark-coord9={{coord|26|58|10|N|88|10|0|E}}| label-pos9=right|label9=Pokhriabong| numbered9=R| mark-title9= [[Pokhriabong]] (R)| shape-color9=#C42222
|mark-coord10={{coord|27|0|20|N|88|11|39|E}}| label-pos10=right|label10=Poobong TG| numbered10=R| mark-title10= [[Poobong Tea Garden]] (R)| shape-color10=#C42222
|mark-coord11={{coord|26|57|6|N|88|10|34|E}}| label-pos11=left|label11=Sungma TG| numbered11=R| mark-title11= [[Sungma Tea Garden]] (R)| shape-color11=#C42222
|mark-coord12={{coord|27|2|20|N|88|10|31|E}}| label-pos12=left|label12=Tumsong TG| numbered12=R| mark-title12= [[Tumsong Tea Garden]] (R)| shape-color12=#C42222
|mark-coord13={{coord|26|54|40|N|88|12|10|E}}| label-pos13=right|label13=Nagri Farm TG| numbered13=R| mark-title13= [[Nagri Farm Tea Garden]] (R)| shape-color13=#C42222
|mark-coord14={{coord|26|47|0|N|88|14|25|E}}| label-pos14=right|label14=Panighatta| numbered14=R| mark-title14= [[Panighatta]] (R)| shape-color14=#C42222
|mark-coord15={{coord|26|50|20|N|88|12|50|E}}| label-pos15=right|label15=Singbulli TG| numbered15=R| mark-title15= [[Singbulli Tea Garden]] (R)|shape-color15=#C42222
|mark-coord16={{coord|26|52|0|N|88|12|40|E}}| label-pos16=right|label16=Soureni| numbered16=R| mark-title16= [[Soureni]] (R)| shape-color16=#C42222
|mark-coord17={{coord|26|56|25|N|88|12|38|E}}| label-pos17=right|label17=Avongrove TE| numbered17=TE| mark-title17= [[Avongrove Tea Estate]] (TE)| shape-color17=#87A96B
|mark-coord18={{coord|26|55|30|N|88|9|44|E}}| label-pos18=left|label18=Gopaldhara TE| numbered18=TE| mark-title18= [[Gopaldhara Tea Estate]] (TE)| shape-color18=#87A96B
|mark-coord19={{coord|26|54|35|N|88|9|20|E}}| label-pos19=left|label19=Okayti TE| numbered19=TE| mark-title19= [[Okayti Tea Estate]] (TE)| shape-color19=#87A96B
|mark-coord20={{coord|26|50|15|N|88|11|54|E}}| label-pos20=left|label20=Phuguri TE| numbered320=TE| mark-title20= Phuguri Tea Estate (TE)|shape-color20=black| label-size20=13|label-color20=black 
|mark-coord21={{coord|26|59|14|N|88|13|22|E}}| label-pos21=right|label21=Pussimbing TE| numbered21=TE| mark-title21= [[Pussimbing Tea Estate]] (TE)| shape-color21=#87A96B
|mark-coord22={{coord|26|53|50|N|88|9|50|E}}| label-pos22=left|label22=Thurbo TE| numbered22=TE| mark-title22= [[Thurbo Tea Estate]] (TE)| shape-color22=#87A96B
|mark-coord23={{coord|26|45|0|N|88|17|0|E}}|label23= Balason River| label-color23 = #77A1CB| label-angle23=35| label-pos23=top| label-size23=10| mark-size23=0| mark-title23 =none
|mark-coord24={{coord|26|46|30|N|88|11|0|E}}|label24= Mechi| label-color24 = #77A1CB| label-angle24=70| label-pos24=top| label-size24=10| mark-size24=0| mark-title24 =none
|mark-coord25={{coord|26|44|30|N|88|11|20|E}}|label25= River| label-color25= #77A1CB| label-angle25=95| label-pos25=top| label-size25=10| mark-size25=0| mark-title25 =none
|mark-coord26={{coord|27|2|45|N|88|11|37|E}}| label-pos26=right|label26=Mariabong TG| numbered26=R| mark-title26= [[Mariabong Tea Garden]] (R)|shape-color26=#C42222
|arc-coordA={{coord|26|48|0|N|88|6|0|E}}|arc-textA= NEPAL| arc-text-colorA=hard grey| arc-angleA=40| arc-gapA=3.5| arc-radiusA=0.4}}

Phuguri Tea Estate is 7 km from Mirik.<ref name="teaboutique"/>

Phuguri Tea Estate produces one of the finest clonal teas that has gained fame all over the world. The tea plantations cover {{convert|1069.64|acres}} spread over from an altitude of {{convert|3500 to 6000|ft}} above mean sea level.<ref name="bagaria">{{cite web | url = https://bagariagroup.com/phuguri.html | title= Phuguri Tea Estate (Bio-organic) |publisher= Bagaria |access-date = 19 March 2020}}</ref><ref name="teaboutique"/>

Note: The map alongside presents some of the notable locations in the subdivision. All places marked in the map are linked in the larger full screen map.

==Economy==
Phuguri Tea Estate produces 150,000 kg organic [[Darjeeling tea]] annually. It is certified as bio-organic and rain forest alliance, UTZ, ETP, COR, JAS, Hazard Analysis & Critical Control Point (HACCP), and Fair Trade certified.<ref name="bagaria"/>

Phuguri Tea Estate produces very fine clonal teas. Clonal tea bushes are grown from hybrid clones, rather than seeds. This enables control over the quality of tea produced.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.theteacentre.se/p/darjeeling-phuguri-first-flush-2018/724 | title = Darjeeling Phuguri First Flush 2018 | publisher = The Tea Centre of Stockholm |access-date = 19 March 2020}}</ref>

The Bagaria Group is headed by Sheo Shankar Bagaria, assisted by Abhishek Bagaria and Asish Bagaria. In the Darjeeling hills, it also has tea gardens at Gayabaree & Millikthong and [[Orange Valley Tea Garden|Orange Valley]]. One of the group companies Kusum International is tea trading and export set-up. It exports tea to Japan, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Dubai, European countries, USA and Canada.<ref name="bagaria"/>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{Wikivoyage inline|Mirik}}

{{Darjeeling District}}

[[Category:Tea estates in Darjeeling district]]

Shadora

2025-05-31T15:51:28Z

Vilianahdm: cleanup

{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2018}}
{{More citations needed|date=November 2014}}

{{Infobox settlement
| name = Shadora
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| settlement_type = Town
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Madhya Pradesh
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Madhya Pradesh
| coordinates = {{coord|24|37|17|N|77|35|34|E|region:IN-MP_type:city|display=inline,title}}
| coor_pinpoint =
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = [[India]]
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Madhya Pradesh]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[Districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Ashoknagar district|Ashoknagar]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[Tehsil|Subdistrict]]
| subdivision_name3 = Ashoknagar
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 527
| population_footnotes =
| population_total = 7053
| population_as_of = 2011
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = 
| demographics1_info1 = Hindi
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +05:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|Pincode]]
| postal_code = 473330
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| area_code = 07543
| registration_plate = MP 67
| blank1_name_sec1 =
| blank1_info_sec1 =
| footnotes =
}}

'''Shadora''' is A town and tehsil in [[Ashoknagar district]]<ref>[http://www.ashoknagar.nic.in/gloriousfacts.htm "Glorious Facts of the District"], National Informatics Centre, accessed 18 November 2014</ref> in the Indian state of [[Madhya Pradesh]]. It is situated on the Bina-Kota railway line. Its std code is 07543 and pin code is 473330. Shadora is well known for its [[Narayan das]] story and famous [[Hanuman tekeri temple]]. Shadora, formerly known as city of Narayan das. The railway line is in the separate side of the city. Shadora has a Railway station and Bus stand. Shadora is connected to the main cities of M.P. by the means of road.

Shadora is located on the western part of Ashok Nagar. It comes under the northern part of Malwa plateau. The Sindh is the main river flowing along the western boundary is situated on the Kota-Bina railway section of Western Central Railway. Shadora is approximately 200 km away from the capital of the state [[Bhopal]].

==Etymology==
It is believed that the [[Mughal emperors|Mughal]] emperor frequently visited this town and had spent a night in Shadora, hence the name is Shadora.

==Climate==
Shadora has a sub-tropical climate with hot summers from late March to early July, the humid monsoon season from late June to early October, and a cool dry winter from early November to late February. Summers start in late March, and along with other cities like Nagpur and Delhi, are among the hottest in India and the world. Temperatures peak in May and June with daily averages being around {{convert|33|–|35|C|F}}, and end in late June with the onset of the monsoon. shadora receives {{convert|970|mm|in|abbr=on}} of rain every year, most of which is concentrated in the monsoon months from late June to early October. August is the wettest month with about {{convert|310|mm|in|abbr=on}} of rain. Winter in shadora starts in late October, and is generally very mild with daily temperatures averaging in the {{convert|14|–|16|C|F}} range, and mostly dry and sunny conditions. January is the coldest month with average lows in the 5–7 °C range (40–45 °F) and occasional cold snaps that plummet temperatures to close to freezing.

== Demographics ==
7,053 residents were recorded in Shadora in the 2011 census. Of this population, 74.53% were literate, while [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes]] represented 27.38% and 9.88% of the population respectively. Furthermore, 2,590 individuals from the total population were involved in work-related activities. Among them, 77.45% were engaged in what is classified as Main Work, meaning they had employment or earned income for more than six months of the year. The remaining 22.55% participated in Marginal Work, which provided livelihood for less than six months. Of those involved in Main Work, 432 were cultivators, either as owners or co-owners of land, and 471 worked as agricultural laborers.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Shadora Village Population - Shadhora - Ashoknagar, Madhya Pradesh |url=https://www.census2011.co.in/data/village/500585-shadora-madhya-pradesh.html |access-date=2025-05-31 |website=www.census2011.co.in}}</ref>

==Religious and devotional places==
*Hanuman tekri: Temple on the city's top most historic hill
An ancient temple of lord Hanuman, almost around 600 years. Visitors to this temple are not only from the same city but also from almost all the central and northern states like Uttar-Pradesh, Uttaranchal, Punjab, Delhi and many more.

*Khundalpur Dham : A Very Silent & Religious Place of shadora. It is a Hindu temple and is claimed to be Lord Shiva. This temple is located at the outside of Shadora. It is about 2 kilometers from the city. Every Shivratri huge devotee come across the nearby area and paid their prayer to lord Shiva.
*SiddhBawa Dham: it is a famous and holy place of shadora city. Every dooj of holi and diwali huge devotee come all over the state. a big celebration celebrate ever year on holi and diwali. it is located at Naisarayn mayana road.
*Ganesh Temple: it is old temple of Shadora. every year, a day before dol gyaras a grand procession of lord ganesha is also being carried out from this temple across the city. this the only temple of Lord Ganesha in this city and maintain by dixit trust. many people from different states come to see this temple.
*Shiv Mandir: it is same as the Khundalpur Dham Temple
*Gadi Mandir: it is also a very old temple of this city and maintain by Sharma trust.
*Jain Temple: Famous Parasnath Digamber Jain temple is believed to be miraculous and was constructed many years ago.

==Schools of Shadora==
*Rao Satish Vidya Niketan
*Drupadi Public School
*Govt. Boys Higher secondary school
*Kerla public school
*City public school
*Bina ball mandir
*Girls school
*Swami Vevekanandh School
*Kids World English School
*Kerla Pablich School
*Ban Sthaly Vidhya Peeth
*Sarsawti Vidhya Bihar

Culture:- The city lies in the Bundelkhand region and follows traditional Indian culture. The dialects spoken are of Hindi mixed with Bundelkhandi and Khadi bhasa.{{citation needed|date=April 2017}} Shadora has a Hanuman tekri temple called Phadiye. Shadora has a maruti pasu mela.{{clarify|In English - this is the English Wikipedia|date=August 2021}} A huge fair is organized every year on Hanuman jayanti at which there is buying and selling of animals.

==Main festivals==
All national festivals, Holi, Diwali, Mahashivratri, Shri Krishna Janmashtami, Ramnavami, Makara Sankranti, Eid-ul-Fitr, Christmas, Rakshabandhan, Mahavir jayanti, Hanuman jayanti, Buddha Poornima, Guru Nanak Jayanti, Sant Ravidas and Ghasiram Jayanti and other local ones such as Nag-Panchmi, Shreenath Mahadji Maharaj Punyatithi, Gangaur, Teej, Gudi Padwa (Marathi New Year), Navratri, Durga Puja are celebrated with equal enthusiasm. Last decade has seen a rise in the celebration of events. shadora also celebrates Rang Panchami quite differently. This festival is celebrated five days after Dulendi or Holi. This is also celebrated like Dulendi, but colours are mixed with water and then either sprinkled or poured on others.

===Durga Puja===

A Glimpse of Bengal can be seen in the City of Guna. During the Durga puja celebrations several cultural events are organized and is celebrated on a large scale. Thousands of people daily visits the puja pandal to get the blessings of Goddess Durga. Makar Sankranti is a 'Kite Festival' on 14 January each year, where people fly kites and compete to cut each other's kites in the sky.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Cities and towns in Ashoknagar district]]

Pilli Ananta Lakshmi

2025-05-28T01:56:13Z

Vilianahdm: Done

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{family name hatnote|Pilli|lang=Telugu}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2024}}
'''Pilli Anantha Lakshmi''' (born 1971) is an Indian politician from [[Andhra Pradesh]]. She was a two-time MLA of [[Telugu Desam Party]]. She won the [[2014 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]] from [[Kakinada Rural Assembly constituency]] in [[East Godavari district]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kakinada Rural Election 2024: Get Latest News Updates of the Kakinada Rural Constituency Seat in Andhra Pradesh Assembly Election 2024. |url=https://indianexpress.com/elections/andhra-pradesh-assembly-election/kakinada-rural-constituency/ |access-date=2024-05-28 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Kakinada Rural Election 2024: Get Latest News Updates of the Kakinada Rural Constituency Seat in Andhra Pradesh Assembly Election 2024. |url=https://gujarati.indianexpress.com/elections/andhra-pradesh-assembly-election/kakinada-rural-constituency/ |access-date=2024-05-28 |website=Indian Express - Gujarati |language=gu}}</ref> She lost the [[2019 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]].

== Early life and education ==
Lakshmi was born in Madhapatnam, [[Samalkota mandal]], East Godavari district. Her father Venkataswamy resides in Vakalapudi. She married Pilli Veera Venkata Sathyanarayana Murthy, alias Sathibabu.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-03-05 |title=Kakinada: Anantha Lakshmi is Telugu Desam choice |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/politics/050319/kakinada-anantha-lakshmi-is-telugu-desam-choice.html |access-date=2024-05-28 |website=[[Deccan Chronicle]] |language=en}}</ref> They have a son, Radhakrishna.{{fact|date=July 2024}}

== Career ==
Lakshmi began her political career with [[Telugu Desam Party]] in 1999. She won the [[1999 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]] representing Telugu Desam Party from Sampara Assembly Constituency, which later became Kakinada Rural after delimitation.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Subrahmanyam |first=Deekshitula |date=2023-12-28 |title=People in Kakinada rural deprived of drinking water facility |url=https://www.thehansindia.com/news/cities/visakhapatnam/people-in-kakinada-rural-deprived-of-drinking-water-facility-847360 |access-date=2024-05-28 |website=www.thehansindia.com |language=en}}</ref> She won for the second time in 2014. Contesting again on Telugu Desam Party ticket, she won the [[2014 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]] defeating [[Chelluboyina Srinivasa Venugopala Krishna]] of YSR Congress Party by a margin of 9,048 votes.<ref>{{Cite web |title=ఆంధ్రప్రదేశ్ విజేతలు {{!}} Sakshi |url=https://www.sakshi.com/news/elections-2014/winners-in-andhra-pradesh-131007 |access-date=2024-05-28 |website=www.sakshi.com |language=te}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-05-26 |title=Kakinada Rural Assembly Election Results 2024: Kakinada Rural Andhra Pradesh Election Schedule, Vote share and Results |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/elections/andhra-pradesh-assembly-election/kakinada-rural-constituency/ |access-date=2024-05-28 |website=Financialexpress |language=en}}</ref> She contested again on TDP ticket but lost the [[2019 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]] to [[Kurasala Kannababu]] of [[YSR Congress Party|YSRCP]] by a margin of 8,789 votes.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-03-05 |title=Kakinada: Anantha Lakshmi is Telugu Desam choice |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/politics/050319/kakinada-anantha-lakshmi-is-telugu-desam-choice.html |access-date=2024-05-28 |website=[[Deccan Chronicle]] |language=en}}</ref> In April 2015, she was nominated as a board member of the Tirupati Thirumala Devasthanam Board for a period of one year.<ref>{{Cite web |title=ఫలించిన కల {{!}} Sakshi |url=https://www.sakshi.com/news/andhra-pradesh/krishna-murthy-chadalavada-the-chairman-of-ttd-234082 |access-date=2024-05-28 |website=www.sakshi.com |language=te}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Anantha Lakshmi, Pilli}}
[[Category:1971 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Andhra Pradesh MLAs 1999–2004]]
[[Category:Andhra Pradesh MLAs 2014–2019]]
[[Category:Telugu Desam Party politicians]]
[[Category:Telugu politicians]]
[[Category:Politicians from East Godavari district]]
[[Category:Women members of the Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]

Bhimanakatte matha

2025-03-27T11:32:08Z

Vilianahdm: Created redirect page

#REDIRECT [[Sadh Vaishnavism#Tuluva Mathas]]

Malegaon Fort

2024-11-22T12:31:32Z

Vilianahdm: typo fix

{{Short description|Fort in Malegaon, Maharashtra}}{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2018}}
{{Infobox Military Structure
| name = Malegaon Fort
| partof =
| location = [[Nashik district]], [[Maharashtra]]
| image = [[File:Malegaon Malegaon fortFort.jpg|300px]]
| caption = Malegaon fort
| map_type = India Maharashtra
| map_size = 300
| map_caption = Shown within [[Maharashtra]]
| type = land fort
| coordinates = {{coord|20|32|43.4|N|74|31|47.6|E}}
| materials = Stone
| height = 1437Ft.
| used =
| condition = Good
| ownership = {{flagcountry|India}}
| open_to_public = Yes
| controlledby = {{flagcountry|Maratha Empire}} (1740-1818) {{flagcountry|United Kingdom}}
* {{flagicon image|Flag of the British East India Company (1801).svg}} [[East India Company]] (1818-1857)
* {{flagicon image|British Raj Red Ensign.svg}} [[British Raj]] (1857-1947)
{{flagcountry|India}} (1947-)
}}

'''Malegaon Fort''' is a land fort located in the town of [[Malegaon]]. It is located 104 km from [[Nashik]], in [[Nashik district]], of [[Maharashtra]]. The fort is on the north bank of the [[Mausam River|Mausam]] river, which is a tributary of the [[Girna river]]. It was built during the [[Maratha Empire]].

==History==
Malegaon Fort was constructed in 1740 by Naro Shankar Raje Bahadur, general of the [[Peshwa]]. He was appointed as an agent in [[Malwa]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/15144/9/09_chatper%203.pdf|title=CHAPTER 3 : RISE OF SHINDE AND HOLKAR FAMILIES IN MARATHA POLITICS|website=Shodhganga.inflibnet.acin|access-date=20 December 2018}} </ref> He was gifted 18 villages which included Malewadi.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.malegaononline.in/city-guide/history-of-malegaon|title=History of Malegaon, Major Historic Events in Malegaon|website=Malegaononline.in|access-date=20 December 2018}}</ref> Craftsmen were brought in from [[Surat]] and northern India to build the fort, the construction of which took 25 years.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nomadtrekkers.in/nashik_forts/nashik_malegaon_fort.html|title=Forts in maharashtra - Nashik Region - Malegaon Fort|website=Nomadtrekkers.in|access-date=20 December 2018}}</ref> After the fort was completed, the craftsmen settled in the town.

In 1816, a Rohilla sepoy named Dilawar Khan constructed the first Eidgah in the town.

After the fall of [[Trymbakgad|Trymbakgad fort]] on 24 May 1818, Malegaon Fort was besieged on 16 May 1818 by the [[East India Company]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://cultural.maharashtra.gov.in/english/gazetteer/Nasik/022%20Places/001%20Place.htm#Malegaon |title=Nasik District Gazetteers |access-date=22 July 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170503101340/https://cultural.maharashtra.gov.in/english/gazetteer/Nasik/022%20Places/001%20Place.htm#Malegaon |archive-date=3 May 2017 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

==How to reach==
The fort is located within the town of [[Malegaon]]. Malegaon is located on the Mumbai-Agra National highway NH-3. The fort is also known as the Raje Bahadur Wada. It is close to the Ramsetu bridge. The fort is open to the public between 10 am and 5 pm. At present, there is a Marathi high school in the premises of the fort.

==Places to see==
The fort is in good condition. The height of the inner wall is 60 feet. The fort has lofty entrance doors. The thickness of the walls is about six feet. There are two cannons at the entrance door and a hexagonal well inside the fort. It takes about an hour to see the fort.

==Gallery==
<gallery>
File:Malegaon fort 1.jpg|Eastern gate of Malegaon fort
File:Malegaon fort7.jpg|Northern gate
File:Malegaon fort4.jpg|Malegaon fort
File:Malegaon fort5.jpg|Malegaon fort
File:Malegaon fort2.jpg|Malegaon fort
File:Malegaon fort3.jpg|Bastion
File:Malegaon fort6.jpg|Cannon on the fort
</gallery>

{{Coord|20|32|43.4|N|74|31|47.6|E|display=title}}

== See also ==
* [[List of forts in Maharashtra]]
* [[List of forts in India]]
* [[Peshwa]]
* [[Marathi people|Marathi People]]
* [[List of Maratha dynasties and states]]
* [[Maratha War of Independence]]
* [[Battles involving the Maratha Empire]]
* [[Maratha Army]]
* [[Maratha titles]]
* [[Military history of India]]

== References ==
{{commons category|Malegaon Fort}}
{{Reflist}}

{{Forts in Maharashtra}}
{{MarathaEmpire}}

[[Category:Buildings and structures of the Maratha Empire]]
[[Category:Forts in Nashik district]]
[[Category:16th-century forts in India]]
[[Category:Tourist attractions in Nashik district]]

Farad Faqir

2024-11-09T06:42:58Z

Vilianahdm: starting article...

{{Short description|Punjabi sufi poet}}

{{Infobox religious biography
| religion = [[Islam]]
| birth_date = 1704/1720
| death_date = 1790
| birth_place = [[Gujrat District|Gujrat]], [[Punjab]]
| era = Contemporary
| denomination = [[Sunni]]
| jurisprudence = [[Hanafi]]
| movement =
| creed = [[Maturidi]]
| honorific prefix = Khawaja
}}
{{Sufism}}
'''Farad Faqir''' (1704/1720{{Ndash}}1790, {{Langx|pa|فرد فقیر}}) was a [[Punjabi Muslim]]<ref>{{Cite journal|first=David D.|last=Anderson |date=1964|location=Karachi |title=Contemporary Pakistani Literature |OCLC=6340940 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZepRAQAAIAAJ |journal=Pakistan Quarterly |publisher=Pakistan Publications |volume=12–13 |pages=12}}</ref> Sufi, author and Poet.<ref>{{Cite news |last=shahr |first=Nawan |title=An evening without Pak poets |work=[[The Tribune India]] |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/2006/20061111/jal.htm}}</ref> According to Baba Budh Singh,<ref>{{Cite book |last=Salah-ud-Din |first=Iqbal |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7q8NAAAAIAAJ&q=%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%AF+%D9%81%D9%82%DB%8C%D8%B1+%D8%B5%D9%88%D9%81%DB%8C |title=فہرست مقالات: موضوع وار : 31 دسمبر 1982 تائىں چھپن والے تحقىقى، تنقىدى، سوانحى، تارىخى، جغرافىائى، معاشرتى تے اخلاقى مضموناں دا پسار |date=1984 |publisher=قبىلۂ ناشرىن ؛ |language=pa}}</ref> "Faqir was the saint who raised the voice against injustice of the contemporary rulers."<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hanif |first=N |title=Biographical Encyclopaedia of Sufis in South Asia |publisher=Sarup & Sons |year=2000 |isbn=81-7625-087-2 |edition=1st |location=New Delhi |pages=81 |language=English}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Siṅgha Sekhoṃ |first=Santa |title=A History of Panjabi Literature |publisher=Punjabi-University-Patiala |year=1993 |isbn=978-8173802638 |edition=2nd |location=Punjab |pages=42 |language=English}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Pakistan |first=Research Society of |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=foFGAAAAMAAJ&q=%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%AF+%D9%81%D9%82%DB%8C%D8%B1+%D8%B5%D9%88%D9%81%DB%8C |title=Journal of the Research Society of Pakistan |date=1990 |language=en}}</ref>

== Early life ==
Faqir was born in 1704 in a small area of [[Gujrat District|Gujrat]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Rama Krishna |first=Dr. Lajwanti |title=Pañjābī Sūfī Poets |publisher=Indus Publications |year=1973 |isbn=9789350177037 |edition=1st |location=New Delhi |language=English, Punjabi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Gurmeet Singh |first=Dr. |title=Information Seeking Behaviour of Users in Punjabi Literature |publisher=KK Publications |year=2021 |isbn=978-8192003337 |edition=1st |location=New Delhi |pages=122 |language=English}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Kumar Singh |first=Nagendra |title=Sufis of India, Pakistan and Bangladesh |publisher=Kitab Bhawan |year=2002 |isbn=978-8171513154 |edition=1st |location=New Delhi |pages=134 |language=English}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Khawaja Fard Faqir – Punjabi Poetry |url=https://folkpunjab.org/poetry/fard-faqir/ |access-date=2023-12-15 |website=Folk Punjab |language=en}}</ref>

== Works ==

* Kasab-Nama
* Si-harafi
* Bashindgan
* Roshan Dil
* Barah Mah

==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Authority control}}

== External links ==

* [https://folkpunjab.org/poetry/fard-faqir/ Farad Faqir on folkpunjab.org]
{{DEFAULTSORT:Faqir, Farad}}
[[Category:Indian Sufi saints]]
[[Category:Indian Sufi religious leaders]]
[[Category:Indian poets]]
[[Category:1720 births]]
[[Category:1790 deaths]]
[[Category:Hanafis]]
[[Category:Maturidis]]

Vigraharaja II

2024-08-06T16:11:36Z

Vilianahdm: adding a info - done

{{use dmy dates|date=November 2016}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2016}}
{{Infobox royalty
| succession = King of Sapadalaksha
| reign = c. 971–998 CE
| dynasty = [[Chahamanas of Shakambhari]]
| predecessor = [[Simharaja]]
| successor = [[Durlabharaja II]]
}}
'''Vigraharāja II''' (r. c. 971–998 CE) was a king belonging to the [[Chahamanas of Shakambhari|Shakambhari Chahamana dynasty]]. He ruled the Sapadalaksha country, which included parts of present-day [[Rajasthan]] in north-western India.

== Early life ==
[[File:Harsha inscription of the Chahamana Vigraharaja in Vikrama 1030.jpg|thumb|Harsha inscription of the Chahamana Vigraharaja in Vikrama 1030 (973 CE).]]
Vigrahraja was born to the Chahamana ruler [[Simharaja]]. He had three brothers [[Durlabharaja II]] (his successor), Chandraraja and Govindaraja.{{sfn|Dasharatha Sharma|1959|p=33}} The Chahamanas were originally feudatories to the [[Gurjara-Pratihara]]s, but Simharaja had assumed the title [[Maharajadhiraja]] taking advantage of their decline. Vigraharaja II was the probably first truly independent king of the Chahamana dynasty.{{sfn|R. B. Singh|1964|p=119}}

The 973 CE [[Harshnath|Harsha]] inscription issued by Vigraharaja states that he revived the fortunes of his distressed family. It indicates that he achieved several military successes and acquired vassals.{{sfn|Dasharatha Sharma|1959|p=29}}

== Military career ==

''[[Prithviraja Vijaya]]'' states that Vigraharaja had a large cavalry.{{sfn|R. B. Singh|1964|p=121}}

=== Chaulukyas of Gujarat ===

According to the eulogists of Vigraharaja's successors, he defeated [[Mularaja]], the [[Chaulukya]] king of [[Gujarat]]. As this achievement is not mentioned in the Harsha inscription, Vigraharaja must have defeated Mularaja after 973 CE.{{sfn|Dasharatha Sharma|1959|p=30}} The Chahamana chronicle ''Prithviraja Vijaya'', which describes the Chaulukyas of Gujarat as "[[Gurjaradesa|Gurjara]]s", states that Mularaja fled to Kantha-durga (modern [[Kanthkot Fort|Kanthkot]]) during Vigraharaja's invasion.{{sfn|R. B. Singh|1964|p=119}} The 15th century ''[[Hammira Mahakavya]]'' claims that Mularaja was killed in this battle, and Vigraharaja sacked his territory.{{sfn|Dasharatha Sharma|1959|p=30}} Another Chahamana chronicle ''Surjana-Charita'' also mentions the victory of the Chahamanas over the Gurjaras.{{sfn|R. B. Singh|1964|p=119}}

However, the Gujarat-based 14th century poet Merutunga gives a different account of events. According to his ''[[Prabandha-Chintamani]]'', Mularaja's kingdom was attacked simultaneously by the neighbouring kingdoms of Sapadalaksha and Tilinga. Sapadalaksha was the Chahamana territory, while Tilanga here refers to the kingdom of the [[Chalukyas of Kalyani|Kalyani Chalukya]] ruler [[Tailapa II]]. This invasion happened at the time of [[Navratra]] religious festival. Mularaja moved to the Kantha-durga, and hoped that the Sapadalaksha ruler would return to his capital [[Shakambhari]] to worship his family goddess [[Ashapura Mata|Ashapuri]] during the festival. When this did not happen, Mularaja visited the Sapadalaksha king's camp unannounced, and asked him not to attack Gujarat while Mularaja was engaged in a war with the Tilanga ruler. The Sapadalaksha ruler agreed to the demand. Mularaja then defeated the Tilanga army led by General [[Chalukyas of Lata|Barapa]]. When the Sapadalaksha ruler learned about this, he fled away from Gujarat.{{sfn|Dasharatha Sharma|1959|p=30}}

It is hard to determine the historical truth in these contradictory accounts. According to historian R. B. Singh, Mularaja ceded a part of his territory to the Chahamanas.{{sfn|R. B. Singh|1964|p=120}} [[Dasharatha Sharma]] also theorized that Vigraharaja had the upper hand in the conflict, as even Merutunga agrees that Mularaja had to take shelter in the Kantha-durga. That said, the ''Hammira-Mahakavya'''s claim of Vigraharaja killing Mularaja appears to be inaccurate.{{sfn|Dasharatha Sharma|1959|p=30}}{{sfn|Asoke Kumar Majumdar|1956|p=427}}

=== Chaulukyas of Lata ===

According to ''Prithviraja Vijaya'', Vigraharaja marched to the region around the [[Narmada]] river, and subjugated a king of the [[lunar dynasty]]. After his victory, he built a temple dedicated to the goddess Ashapuri at [[Bhrigukachchha]] (modern [[Bharuch]]), on the banks of Narmada.{{sfn|R. B. Singh|1964|p=120}}

At that time, Bhrigukachchha was ruled by the [[Chalukyas of Lata|Lata Chalukyas]], who were originally feudatories of the [[Chalukyas of Kalyani|Kalyani Chalukyas]]. So, it appears that Vigraharaja defeated the Lata Chalukya ruler Barapa (or Varappa), who once served as the Kalyani Chalukya general.{{sfn|R. B. Singh|1964|pp=120-121}}

According to [[Dasharatha Sharma]], one possibility is that Vigraharaja allied with Barapa to defeat the [[Chaulukya|Gujarat Chaulukya]] king [[Mularaja]], but this is only a conjecture.{{sfn|Dasharatha Sharma|1959|pp=30-32}} Historian R. B. Singh, on the other hand, theorized that after Vigraharaja subjugated Mularaja, the allied army of Vigraharaja and Mularaja attacked Barapa. This theory is based on a narrative in [[Hemachandra]]'s ''Dvyashraya Kavya'', which was composed under the Gujarat Chaulukya patronage. According to this narrative, Mularaja and his son Chamundaraja marched to Bhrigukachchha, and killed Varappa.{{sfn|R. B. Singh|1964|p=121}}

=== Other conflicts ===

According to the 16th century Muslim historian [[Firishta]], in 997 CE, the ruler of Ajmer joined an alliance formed by the ruler of Lahore against the [[Ghaznavid]] ruler [[Sabuktigin]]. Since Vigraharaja ruled over the present-day Ajmer area at that time, it would appear that he fought against the Ghaznavids. However, the accuracy of Firishta's account is doubtful. Earlier accounts by Muslim historians do not mention any such alliance.{{sfn|Dasharatha Sharma|1959|p=32}}

== Legacy ==
[[File:Harshnathtemple.jpg|thumb|The temple of Harsha-deva]]
A stone inscription dated to Vigraharaja's reign has been found at [[Harshnath|Harsha]] temple. This inscription records the grant of two villages by the king for maintaining the temple dedicated to the deity Harsha-deva. The villages were named Chhatrachara and Shankaranka.{{sfn|R. B. Singh|1964|p=121}}

Vigraharaja was succeeded by his brother [[Durlabharaja II]].{{sfn|R. B. Singh|1964|p=122}} The Harsha inscription compares them to [[Rama]]-[[Lakshmana]] and [[Krishna]]-[[Balarama]].{{sfn|Dasharatha Sharma|1959|p=33}}

== References ==
{{reflist|30em}}

=== Bibliography ===

* {{cite book |author=Asoke Kumar Majumdar |title=Chaulukyas of Gujarat |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ffAdAAAAMAAJ |publisher=Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan |year=1956 |oclc=4413150 }}
* {{cite book |author=Dasharatha Sharma |title=Early Chauhān Dynasties |publisher=S. Chand / Motilal Banarsidass |year=1959 |isbn=9780842606189 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=n4gcAAAAMAAJ }}
* {{cite book |author=R. B. Singh |title=History of the Chāhamānas |publisher=N. Kishore |year=1964 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TKs9AAAAIAAJ |oclc=11038728 }}

{{Chahamanas of Shakambhari}}

[[Category:Chahamana kings of Shakambhari]]
[[Category:10th-century Indian monarchs]]

Nemmara

2024-06-29T11:52:50Z

Vilianahdm: correct formatting per standard format and cleaned formatting

{{Short description|Town in Kerala, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Nemmara
| other_name =
| settlement_type = Town
| image_skyline = Nemmara temple.jpg
| image_alt =
| image_caption = Elephants in [[Nenmara Vallanghy Vela|Nemmara Vallanghy Vela]]
| nickname =
| pushpin_map = India Kerala#India
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Kerala, India
| coordinates = {{coord|10.5934|76.6006|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = [[India]]
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Kerala]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Palakkad district|Palakkad]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body = Nemmara Grama Panchayat
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_total_km2 = 36.84
| area_rank =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 36,549
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_footnotes =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_rank =
| population_demonym =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Malayalam language|Malayalam]], [[English language|English]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 678508
| area_code = 04923
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| registration_plate = [[List of RTO districts in India#KL.E2.80.94Kerala|KL]]-70
| website =
| footnotes =
| blank2_name_sec1 = Lok Sabha constituency
| blank2_info_sec1 = Alathur
| blank3_name_sec1 = Assembly constituency
| blank3_info_sec1 = Nemmara
}}
'''Nemmara''' is a town in [[Palakkad district]], [[Kerala]], India.<ref>{{Cite web |title=പാലക്കാട്‌ ജില്ലയിലെ ഗ്രാമ പഞ്ചായത്തുകളുടെ അടിസ്ഥാന വിവരങ്ങള്‍ {{!}} പഞ്ചായത്ത് വകുപ്പ് |url=https://dop.lsgkerala.gov.in/ml/article/1031 |access-date=2022-08-26 |website=dop.lsgkerala.gov.in}}</ref> It is administered by the [[Nemmara (gram panchayat)|Nemmara Grama Panchayat]]. The town hosts [[Nenmara Vallanghy Vela|Nemmara Vallanghy Vela]] one of the popular annual festival in the state with fireworks as the major attraction. Nemmara is the entry point to the [[Nelliampathi]] hills, which are located at the foothills of [[Western Ghats]].

==Demographics==
{{As of|2001}}, according to the Indian [[census]], Nemmara had a population of 18,244 with 8,888 males and 9,356 females.<ref name="censusindia">{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/Census_Data_2001/Village_Directory/Population_data/Population_5000_and_Above.aspx |title=Census of India : Villages with population 5000 & above |publisher=Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India |access-date=29 December 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081208044522/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/Census_Data_2001/Village_Directory/Population_data/Population_5000_and_Above.aspx |archive-date=8 December 2008 }}</ref>

== '' Nenmara Vallanghi Vela'' ==
Nemmara hosts the ''[[Nenmara Vallanghy Vela| Nenmara Vallanghi Vela]]'', a yearly festival jointly organised by Nemmara & Vallangi Desham.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.keralatourism.org/event/nenmara-vallangi-vela/14 |title=Nenmara Vallangi Vela |website=keralatourism.org}}</ref>

The festival is held in the Nellikulangara Bhagavathy Temple, and runs from 3-16 April each year. It involves friendly rivalry between the villages of Nemmara and [[Vallangi]], as they try to outcompete each other in artistic ceremonies such as [[Kummattikali]], [[Karivela]] and a parade of [[Caparison|caparisoned]] elephants.<ref name=":0" />

== See also ==
* [[Vallanghy|Vallanghi]]
* [[Nelliyampathi]]
* [[Pothundi Dam]]
* [[Vallanghy Nenmara Vela]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
{{commons category|Nemmara}}
*[https://maps.google.com/maps/ms?ie=UTF8&hl=en&t=k&msa=0&msid=114038809751246788218.00000112844f7014c63f0&ll=10.592109,76.59668&spn=0.013351,0.017917&z=16 Satellite image of Nemmara town]
* {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130617200753/http://nemmara.org/|date=17 June 2013|title=Nemmara Community Website}}

{{Palakkad district}}

[[Category:Villages in Palakkad district]]

Chakmeghoan

2023-11-24T08:25:01Z

Vilianahdm: starting a data...

{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2022}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Chakmeghoan
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Census Town
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India West Bengal#India3
| pushpin_label_position =
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in West Bengal, India
| coordinates = {{coord|24.5863|N|88.0523|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type =
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[West Bengal]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Murshidabad district|Murshidabad]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 = 1.252
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 5,360
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Bengali language|Bengali]], [[English language|English]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| area_code_type = Telephone/STD code
| area_code = 03485
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 712403
| registration_plate = [[List of RTO districts in India#WB.E2.80.94West Bengal|WB]]-57, [[List of RTO districts in India#WB.E2.80.94West Bengal|WB]]-58
| blank1_name_sec1 = [[Lok Sabha]] constituency
| blank1_info_sec1 = [[Jangipur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Jangipur]]
| blank2_name_sec1 = [[Vidhan Sabha]] constituency
| blank2_info_sec1 = [[Suti (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Suti]]
| website = {{URL|murshidbad.nic.in/}}
| footnotes =
}}

'''Chakmeghoan''' is a [[census town]] in the [[Suti II]] [[Community development blocks in India|CD block]] in the [[Jangipur subdivision]] of the [[Murshidabad district]] in the state of [[West Bengal]], [[India]].

== Geography ==
{{OSM Location map
| width=400| height=500| zoom=11
| coord={{coord|24|42|0|N|87|59|0|E}}| float=left|caption='''Cities, towns and locations in the northern portion of Jangipur subdivision, Murshidabad district (including Farakka, Samserganj, Suti II CD blocks)''' M: municipal town, CT: census town, R: rural/ urban centre, F: Facility Abbreviation- TPS: Thermal Power Station Owing to space constraints in the small map, the actual locations in a larger map may vary slightly
|mark-coord1={{coord|24|48|4|N|87|53|50|E}} | label-pos1=left|label1= Srimantapur | numbered1=CT| mark-title1=[[Srimantapur]] (CT)|label-color1=#800000 |label-size1=11| mark-size1=12|shape1=l-circle|shape-color1= #A40000|shape-outline1=white|label-offset-x1=2
|mark-coord2={{coord|24|47|33|N|87|54|51|E}} | label-pos2=right|label2= Benia Gram| numbered2=CT| mark-title2=[[Benia Gram]] (CT)
|mark-coord3={{coord|24|48|30|N|87|54|39|E}} | label-pos3=top|label3= Farakka Barrage |labela3= Township| numbered3=CT| mark-title3=[[Farakka Barrage Township]] (CT)
|mark-coord4={{coord|24|43|21|N|87|56|3|E}} | label-pos4=right|label4= Arjunpur| numbered4=CT| mark-title4=[[Arjunpur]] (CT)
|mark-coord5={{coord|24|42|49|N|87|55|52|E}} | label-pos5=right|label5= Sibnagar| numbered5=CT| mark-title5=[[Sibnagar]] (CT)
|mark-coord6={{coord|24|41|55|N|87|55|10|E}} | label-pos6=right|label6= Mamrejpur| numbered6=CT| mark-title6=[[Mamrejpur]] (CT)
|mark-coord7={{coord|24|42|16|N|87|56|17|E}} | label-pos7=right|label7= Pranpara| numbered7=CT| mark-title7=[[Pranpara]] (CT)
|mark-coord8={{coord|24|41|21|N|87|55|41|E}} | label-pos8=left|label8= Mahadeb Nagar| numbered8=CT| mark-title8=[[Mahadeb Nagar]] (CT)
|mark-coord9={{coord|24|40|30|N|87|56|44|E}} | label-pos9=left|label9= Anup Nagar| numbered9=CT| mark-title9=[[Anup Nagar]] (CT)
|mark-coord10={{coord|24|40|8|N|87|56|47|E}} | label-pos10=left|label10= Jafrabad| numbered10=CT| mark-title10=[[Jafrabad, Murshidabad]] (CT)
|mark-coord11={{coord|24|39|45|N|87|57|30|E}} | label-pos11=left|label11= Kankuria| numbered11=CT| mark-title11=[[Kankuria]] (CT)
|mark-coord12={{coord|24|39|0|N|87|58|34|E}} | label-pos12=right|label12= Uttar Mahammadpur| numbered12=CT| mark-title12=[[Uttar Mahammadpur]] (CT)
|mark-coord13={{coord|24|39|20|N|87|58|30|E}} | label-pos13=right|label13= Chachanda| numbered13=CT| mark-title13=[[Chachanda]] (CT)
|mark-coord14={{coord|24|38|35|N|87|58|50|E}} | label-pos14=right|label14= Dhusaripara| numbered14=CT| mark-title14=[[Dhusaripara]] (CT)
|mark-coord15={{coord|24|38|10|N|88|0|50|E}} | label-pos15=left|label15= Serpur| numbered15=CT| mark-title15=[[Serpur]] (CT)
|mark-coord16={{coord|24|38|38|N|87|58|6|E}} | label-pos16=left|label16= Kohetpur| numbered16=CT| mark-title16=[[Kohetpur]] (CT)
|mark-coord17={{coord|24|38|20|N|87|55|31|E}} | label-pos17=left|label17= Bhasaipaikar| numbered17=CT| mark-title17=[[Bhasaipaikar]] (CT)
|mark-coord18={{coord|24|39|20|N|87|57|40|E}} | label-pos18=left|label18= Jaykrishnapur| numbered18=CT| mark-title18=[[Jaykrishnapur, Murshidabad]] (CT)
|mark-coord19={{coord|24|39|0|N|87|58|4|E}} | label-pos19=left|label19= Basudebpur| numbered19=CT| mark-title19=[[Basudebpur]] (CT)
|mark-coord20={{coord|24|38|10|N|88|1|30|E}} | label-pos20=right|label20= Jagtaj| numbered20=CT| mark-title20=[[Jagtaj]] (CT)
|mark-coord21={{coord|24|37|34|N|88|1|17|E}} | label-pos21=right|label21= Debipur| numbered21=CT| mark-title21=[[Debipur, Murshidabad]] (CT)
|mark-coord22={{coord|24|37|0|N|88|1|25|E}} | label-pos22=left|label22= Aurangabad| numbered22=CT| mark-title22=[[Aurangabad, West Bengal]] (CT)
|mark-coord23={{coord|24|37|50|N|87|58|30|E}} | label-pos23=left|label23= Mahendrapur| numbered23=CT| mark-title23=[[Mahendrapur]] (CT)
|mark-coord24={{coord|24|37|50|N|88|1|0|E}} | label-pos24=left|label24= Hafania| numbered24=CT| mark-title24=[[Hafania]] (CT)
|mark-coord25={{coord|24|38|15|N|87|58|40|E}} | label-pos25=left|label25= Dafahat| numbered25=CT| mark-title25=[[Dafahat]] (CT)
|mark-coord26={{coord|24|36|15|N|88|2|35|E}} | label-pos26=right|label26= Paschim Punropara| numbered26=CT| mark-title26=[[Paschim Punropara]] (CT)
|mark-coord27={{coord|24|34|49|N|88|2|57|E}} | label-pos27=right|label27= Ichhlampur| numbered27=CT| mark-title27=[[Ichhlampur]] (CT)
|mark-coord28={{coord|24|35|50|N|88|2|50|E}} | label-pos28=right|label28= Chakmeghoan| numbered28=CT| mark-title28=Chakmeghoan (CT)|shape-color28=black| label-size28=13|label-color28=black 
|mark-coord29={{coord|24|35|20|N|88|3|0|E}} | label-pos29=right|label29=Kakramari| numbered29=CT| mark-title29=[[Kakramari]] (CT)
|mark-coord30={{coord|24|34|52|N|88|2|19|E}} | label-pos30=left|label30=Khanpur| numbered30=CT| mark-title30=[[Khanpur, Murshidabad]] (CT)
|mark-coord31={{coord|24|36|32|N|88|1|40|E}} | label-pos31=left|label31=Khidirpur| numbered31=CT| mark-title31=[[Khidirpur, Murshidabad]] (CT)
|mark-coord32={{coord|24|36|0|N|88|1|9|E}} | label-pos32=left|label32=Bhabki| numbered32=CT| mark-title32=[[Bhabki]] (CT)
|mark-coord33={{coord|24|41|0|N|87|57|14|E}} | label-pos33=right|label33= Dhuliyan| numbered33=M| mark-title33=[[Dhuliyan]] (M) | shape-color33= #800000
|mark-coord34={{coord|24|48|16|N|87|55|59|E}} | label-pos34=right|label34= Farakka Barrage| numbered34=F| mark-title34= [[Farakka Barrage]] (F) |shape-color34=#967117
|mark-coord35={{coord|24|46|21|N|87|53|39|E}} | label-pos35=right|label35= Farakka Super TPS| numbered35=F| mark-title35= [[Farakka Super Thermal Power Station]] (F) |shape-color35=#967117
|mark-coord36={{coord|24|47|25|N|87|54|15|E}} | label-pos36=left|label36= Farakka| numbered36=R| mark-title36= [[Farakka]] (R) |shape-color36=#C40000
|mark-coord37={{coord|24|35|21|N|88|0|33|E}} | label-pos37=left|label37= Mahesail| numbered37=R| mark-title37= [[Mahesail]] (R) |shape-color37=#C40000
|mark-coord38={{coord|24|39|44|N|87|58|10|E}} | label-pos38=right|label38= Nimtita| numbered38=R| mark-title38= [[Nimtita]] (R) |shape-color38=#C40000
|mark-coord39={{coord|24|37|0|N|88|2|0|E}} | label-pos39=right|label39= Suti| numbered39=R| mark-title39= [[Suti]] (R) |shape-color39=#C40000
|mark-coord40={{coord|24|46|45|N|87|54|37|E}} | label-pos40=right|label40= Nabarun| numbered40=R| mark-title40= [[Nabarun]] (R) |shape-color40=#C40000
|mark-coord41={{coord|24|46|0|N|87|56|40|E}} | label41= Ganges River| label-color41 = #77A1CB| label-angle41= 85| label-pos41=right| label-size41=10| mark-size41=0| mark-title41 =none
|mark-coord42={{coord|24|38|20|N|88|3|10|E}} | label42= Padma River| label-color42 = #77A1CB| label-angle42= 45| label-pos42=right| label-size42=10| mark-size42=0| mark-title42 =none
|mark-coord43={{coord|24|46|0|N|87|54|10|E}} | label43= Farakka | labela43 = Feeder Canal| label-color43 = #77A1CB| label-angle43= 85| label-pos43=right| label-size43=10| mark-size43=0| mark-title43 =none
|mark-coord44={{coord|24|40|53|N|87|55|52|E}} | label-pos44=left|label44= Tarapur| numbered44=R| mark-title44= [[Tarapur, Murshidabad]] (R) |shape-color44=#C40000
|arc-coordA={{coord|24|46|0|N|88|5|0|E}}|arc-textA= BANGLADESH| arc-text-colorA=hard grey| arc-angleA=50| arc-gapA=5.5| arc-radiusA=0.35
|arc-coordB={{coord|24|34|30|N|87|53|0|E}}|arc-textB= JHARKHAND| arc-text-colorB=hard grey| arc-angleB=-120| arc-gapB=5.5| arc-radiusB=0.35}}

===Location===
Chakmeghoan is located at {{coord|24.5863|N|88.0523|E|display=inline}}.

According to the map of Suti II CD block in the ''District Census Handbook, Murshidabad'', [[Dafahat]], [[Jagtaj]], [[Debipur, Murshidabad|Debipur]], [[Aurangabad, West Bengal|Aurangabad]], [[Hafania]], [[Mahendrapur]], [[Paschim Punropara]], [[Bhabki]], [[Khidirpur, Murshidabad|Khidirpur]], [[Khanpur, Murshidabad|Khanpur]], [[Ichhlampur]], Chakmeghoan and [[Kakramari]], form a cluster of census towns.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1907_PART_A_DCHB_MURSHIDABAD.pdf | title = District Census Handbook Murshidabad, Census of India 2011, Series 20, Part XII A | work= Page 195, Map of Suti II CD block| publisher = Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal |access-date = 1 July 2021}}</ref>

===Area overview===
Jangipur subdivision is crowded with 52 [[census towns]] and as such it had to be presented in two location maps. One of the maps can be seen alongside. The subdivision is located in the [[Rarh region]] that is spread over from adjoining [[Santhal Pargana division]] of [[Jharkhand]]. The land is slightly higher in altitude than the surrounding plains and is gently undulating.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1907_PART_A_DCHB_MURSHIDABAD.pdf |title = District Census Handbook: Murshidabad, Series 20 Part XII A | work= Physiography, Page 13 |publisher= Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal, 2011 | access-date = 24 July 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = http://murshidabad.gov.in/About.aspx#2 | title= Murshidabad | work= Geography | publisher= Murshidabad district authorities| access-date = 24 July 2017}}</ref> The river [[Ganges]], along with its distributaries, is prominent in both the maps. At the head of the subdivision is the 2,245 m long [[Farakka Barrage]], one of the largest projects of its kind in the country.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://fbp.gov.in/ | title = Farakka Barrage Project | publisher = FBP | access-date = 12 September 2017}}</ref> Murshidabad district shares with Bangladesh a porous international border which is notoriously crime prone (partly shown in this map).<ref>{{cite web| url = https://edgeofhumanity.com/2020/12/27/child-labor-illnesses-lost-childhoods-indias-tobacco-industry/ |title = Child labour, illness & lost childhoods, India’s tobacco industry |publisher= Edge of Humanity Magazine, 27 December 2020| access-date = 13 July 2021}}</ref> The subdivision has two large power plants - the 2,100 MW [[Farakka Super Thermal Power Station]] and the 1,600 MW [[Sagardighi Thermal Power Station]].<ref>{{cite web| url = http://ntpc.co.in/power-generation/coal-based-power-stations/farakka | title= Power Generation | work= Farakka |publisher= NTPC| access-date = 7 August 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.wbpdcl.co.in/wbpdcl/sagardighipowerstation.html | title = The West Bengal Power Development Corporation Limited | work = Sagardighi Thermal Power Project | publisher = WBPDCL | access-date = 15 August 2017 | archive-date = 23 August 2017 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170823115439/http://www.wbpdcl.co.in/wbpdcl/sagardighipowerstation.html | url-status = dead }}</ref> According to a 2016 report, there are around 1,000,000 (1 million/ ten lakh) workers engaged in the [[beedi]] industry in Jangipur subdivision. 90% are home-based and 70% of the home-based workers are women.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in:8080/jspui/bitstream/10603/28080/6/06_chapter%201.pdf| title = Child workers in household industry: a study of beedi industry in Murshidabad district of West Bengal | first= Sunirmal| last= Kar| work = Viswa Bharati University thesis, page 5 | publisher = Shodhganga | access-date = 28 August 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.thestatesman.com/features/the-poor-man-s-cigarette-1485045757.html | title = The ‘Poor man’s cigarette’ | work = Gurvinder Singh | publisher = The Statesman, 22 January 2017 | access-date = 28 August 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/Beedi-workers-of-Jangipur-hold-key/article16588097.ece#! | title = Beedi workers of Jangipur hold key | work = Indrani Dutta | publisher = The Hindu, 1 May 2009 | access-date = 28 August 2017}}</ref> As of 2013, an estimated 2.4 million people reside along the banks of the [[Ganges]] alone in Murshidabad district. [[River bank erosion along the Ganges in Malda and Murshidabad districts|Severe erosion]] occurs along the banks.<ref name="erosion1">{{cite web | url = http://gangawaterway.in/assets/7-murshidabad.pdf | title = Types and sources of floods in Murshidabad, West Bengal | work = Swati Mollah | publisher = Indian Journal of Applied Research, February 2013 | access-date = 5 September 2017 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170820073737/http://gangawaterway.in/assets/7-murshidabad.pdf | archive-date = 20 August 2017 | url-status = dead }}</ref>

Note: The two maps present some of the notable locations in the subdivision. All places marked in the maps are linked in the larger full screen maps.

==Demographics==
According to the [[2011 Census of India]], Chakmeghoan had a total population of 5,360, of which 2,718 (51%) were males and 2,642 (49%) were females. Population in the age range 0–6 years was 1,018. The total number of literate persons in Chakmeghoan was 2,132 (49.10% of the population over 6 years).<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1907_PART_A_DCHB_MURSHIDABAD.pdf |title = District Census Handbook, Murshidabad, Series 20, Part XII B| work= Rural PCA-C.D. blocks wise Village Primary Census Abstract, location no. 313987, page 26-27|publisher= Directorate of Census Operations West Bengal | access-date = 28 June 2021}}</ref>

==Infrastructure==
According to the ''District Census Handbook, Murshidabad'', 2011, Chakmeghoan covered an area of 1.252 km2The protected water-supply involved hand pump. It had 180 domestic electric connections. Among the medical facilities it had 1 medicine shop. Among the educational facilities, it had 1 primary school, other school facilities at nearby localities, general degree college at [[Aurangabad, West Bengal|Aurangabad]] 3 km away. It had 2 recognised shorthand, typewriting & vocational training institutes, 8 non-formal education centres (Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan). Among the social, recreational & cultural facilities it had 8 old age homes. It had the branch office of 1 nationalised bank.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1907_PART_A_DCHB_MURSHIDABAD.pdf | title = District Census Handbook Murshidabad, Census of India 2011, Series 20, Part XII A | work= Section II Town Directory, Pages 981-987: Statement I: Growth History, Pages 990-993: Statement III: Civic & Other Amenities, Pages 993-995: Statement IV: Medical Facilities 2009, Pages 995-1001 Section V: Educational, Recreational and Cultural Facilities; Pages 1 001- 1002: Statement VI: Industry & Banking | publisher = Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal |access-date = 26 June 2021}}</ref>

== Healthcare ==
Suti II CD block is one of the areas of Murshidabad district where ground water is affected by a high level of [[Arsenic contamination of groundwater|arsenic contamination]]. The [[World Health Organization|WHO]] guideline for arsenic in drinking water is 10 mg/ litre, and the Indian Standard value is 50 mg/ litre. The maximum concentration in Suti II CD block is 1,852 mg/litre.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.soesju.org/arsenic/wb1.htm| title = Groundwater Arsenic contamination in West Bengal-India (20 years study )| publisher = SOES| work = Murshidabad| access-date = 4 August 2017| archive-date = 22 July 2011| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110722092741/http://www.soesju.org/arsenic/wb1.htm| url-status = dead}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Murshidabad District}}

[[Category:Cities and towns in Murshidabad district]]

Operation Sarp Vinash

2023-09-22T03:27:23Z

Vilianahdm: Redirect page

#redirect[[Indian Army operations in Jammu and Kashmir]]

Aparupa (movie)

2023-09-06T22:10:11Z

Vilianahdm: Created redirect page

#redirect [[Aparoopa]]

Muhammad Ali in India

2023-08-06T02:07:13Z

Vilianahdm: New New Bio

{{short description|Muhammad Ali visits in India}}
[[Muhammad Ali]] visited India on multiple occasions to participate in exhibition boxing matches, to visit schools and orphanages supported by his foundation, and for other private visits.

==Exhibition boxing==
In January 1980 Muhammad Ali visited India, reportedly at the behest of [[Rajiv Gandhi]], to participate in exhibition boxing matches in Delhi, Bombay, and Chennai.<ref name="HT">{{cite news|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/other-sports/from-the-archives-how-ht-covered-muhammad-ali-s-india-visit/story-5iF4rhjzRitQ1y3pyNdYBP.html |publisher=Hindustan Times|title=From the archives How HT covered Muhammad Ali's India visit|date=4 June 2016 |accessdate=10 September 2016}}</ref><ref name="Tribune">{{cite news|url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/news/sport/when-punjab-s-kaur-singh-traded-punches-with-the-legend/247086.html |work=The Tribune|title=When Punjab's Kaur Singh traded punches with the legend|date=5 June 2016 |accessdate=10 September 2016}}</ref>

===Delhi===
In Delhi, on January 27, 1980, Ali sparred with [[Kaur Singh]], the Indian national heavyweight champion, for a four-round exhibition match. More than 50,000 people attended the match. According to [[Kaur Singh]]: {{Quote|Us de mukke bahut hi dumdar si (His punches had great power).I clearly remember that jab, his famous jab. It seemed to come out of nowhere. He used his right hand to block my punches, and his counter punch to hit me. His speed was amazing; not once during those four rounds did the speed drop...He was shorter than me but his ring craft and movement took him out of my reach.<ref name="Tribune"/><ref name="IE">{{cite news|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/sports/sport-others/india-boxer-recalls-fight-with-muhammad-ali-the-shahenshah-2835329/|publisher=Indian Express|title=Indian boxer recalls fight with 'shahenshah'|date=22 July 2016 |accessdate=10 September 2016}}</ref>}}

A veteran journalist who witnessed the fight claimed that Ali hardly threw any punches at Kaur Singh during the match, spending the time chit-chatting with youngsters who had collected around the ring.<ref name="Tribune"/>

===Madras===
Ali came to Madras and held hands with [[MGR]]. Crowds thronged Chennai's Nehru stadium to witness the legend in action in 1980. Organised by Tamil Nadu State Amateur Boxing Association and Apeejay, the exhibition bout that saw Ali taking on former heavy weight champion [[Jimmy Ellis (boxer)|Jimmy Ellis]].<ref name="Wire">{{cite news|url=http://thewire.in/40790/when-muhammad-ali-came-to-bombay-and-floored-the-city/ |publisher=The Wire|title=When Muhammad Ali Came to Bombay and Floored the City|date=4 June 2016 |accessdate=10 September 2016}}</ref><ref name="Hindu">{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/when-madras-had-muhammad-ali-in-its-corner/article6798772.ece|publisher=The Hindu|title=When Madras had Muhammad Ali in its corner|date=18 January 2016 |accessdate=10 September 2016}}</ref>

==Social interactions in India==
*According to a February 1980 report published in [[The Telegraph (Calcutta)|The Telegraph]]: {{Quote|Muhammad Ali boxer spectacular, set yet another record on his first visit to India - he became the first boxer to kiss the Indian Prime Minister Mrs [[Indira Gandhi]]. As soon as he met Mrs Gandhi, Ali jumped up, enveloped her in a bear hug and gave a loud smack on her left cheek. Blushing, an extremely flustered Mrs Gandhi yet managed to keep her cool and smiled back in acknowledgment.<ref name="Telegraph">{{cite news|url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1160612/jsp/nation/story_90781.jsp#.V9TBijscXUo|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160612132751/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1160612/jsp/nation/story_90781.jsp#.V9TBijscXUo|url-status=dead|archive-date=June 12, 2016|publisher=The Telegraph|title=When Ali told Indira 'You're the Greatest'|date=12 June 2016 |accessdate=10 September 2016}}</ref>}}
*In a press conference organized in Bombay in January 1980, Ali stated: "I am happy to be in Bombay; I was driving here from the airport and came via Muhammad Ali Road—you have already named a road after me."<ref name="Wire"/>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Muhammad Ali}}

[[Category:Muhammad Ali|India]]
[[Category:Boxing in India]]

Thuvaiyal

2023-08-01T14:34:46Z

Vilianahdm: new redirect

#REDIRECT [[Thoran]]

[[Category:Tamil cuisine]]

Panambakkam

2023-07-28T07:57:53Z

Vilianahdm: Post

{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2018}}
{{More citations needed|date=April 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Panambakkam
| other_name =
| settlement_type = suburb
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| nickname =
| image_map =
| map_alt =
| map_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Tamil Nadu#India3
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption =
| coordinates = {{coord|13.08661|N|79.83242|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = [[India]]
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Tamil Nadu]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Tiruvallur district|Tiruvallur]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[Taluk]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[Tiruvallur taluk|Tiruvallur]]
| subdivision_type4 = Metro
| subdivision_name4 = [[Chennai]]
| established_title =
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total =
| population_as_of =
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Tamil language|Tamil]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 631203
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| area_code = 044-2765
| registration_plate = TN-20-xxxx
| blank1_name_sec1 = [[Lok Sabha]] constituency
| blank1_info_sec1 = [[Thiruvallur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Tiruvallur]]
| blank2_name_sec1 = [[Vidhan Sabha]] constituency
| blank2_info_sec1 = [[Tiruvallur (State Assembly Constituency)|Tiruvallur]]
| website =
| footnotes =
}}

'''Panambakkam''' is a village in western outskirts of Chennai located in [[Tiruvallur district]] in the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[Tamil Nadu]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=MapsofIndia |url=https://www.mapsofindia.com/villages/tamil-nadu/thiruvallur/thiruvallur/panambakkam.html}}</ref> Agriculture is the major occupation in this village.

==Connectivity==
The [[village]] is in between [[Tiruvallur]] and [[Arakkonam]], and the neighbourhood is served by the [[Senji Panambakkam railway station]] of the [[Chennai Suburban Railway Network]].

The major transportation of Panambakkam is Railways. It is located in Chennai - Arakkonam suburban railway route.<ref>{{cite web|title=Senji Panambakkam Railway Station Map/Atlas SR/Southern Zone - Railway Enquiry|url=https://indiarailinfo.com/station/map/senji-panambakkam-spam/6617|website=indiarailinfo.com|accessdate=2 April 2018}}</ref> It is very close to Chennai central almost 90 mins travel. This village is connected with Chennai Central, Chennai Beach, Velachery, Perambur, Avadi, Ambattur, Tiruvallur, Arakkonam, Thiruthani by suburban trains.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Panambakkam Village {{!}} Map of Panambakkam Village in Thiruvallur Tehsil, Thiruvallur of Tamil Nadu|url=https://www.mapsofindia.com/villages/tamil-nadu/thiruvallur/thiruvallur/panambakkam.html|access-date=2021-09-27|website=www.mapsofindia.com}}</ref>

==Location==
{{Geographic Location
|title = '''Geographic Location of Senji'''
|North = [[Senji Panambakkam railway station|Railway station]]
|West = [[Manavur]]
|Centre = Panambakkam
|East = [[Kadambathur]]
|South = [[Senji, Chennai|Senji]]
}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Tiruvallur district}}

[[Category:Suburbs of Chennai]]
[[Category:Cities and towns in Tiruvallur district]]

{{TamilNadu-stub}}

Sundargarh (Vidhan Sabha constituency)

2022-05-12T08:42:40Z

Vilianahdm: correct references also and improved wording

#REDIRECT [[Sundargarh Assembly constituency]]

{{Redirect category shell|
{{R from move}}
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