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S. R. Srinivasa Varadhan

2026-05-02T01:51:27Z

Vikiknl: Made redirect

{{Short description|Indian American mathematician (born 1940)}}
{{EngvarB|date=July 2017}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2017}}
{{Infobox scientist
| name = Srinivasa
Varadhan
| image = Srinivasa Varadhan Heidelberg.JPG
| image_size = 150px
| caption = Srinivasa Varadhan at the 1st Heidelberg Laureate Forum in September 2013
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1940|01|02}}
| birth_place = [[Madras]], [[Madras Presidency|Madras]], [[British Raj|British India]] ([[Chennai]], [[Tamil Nadu]], India)
| honorific_suffix = [[Fellow of the Royal Society|FRS]]
| death_date =
| death_place =
| citizenship =
| nationality =
| ethnicity =
| field = [[Mathematics]]
| work_institutions = [[Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences]] ([[New York University]])
| education = [[Presidency College, Chennai]] ([[Bachelor of Science|BS]], [[Master of Science|MS]]) [[Indian Statistical Institute]] ([[Doctor of Philosophy|PhD]])
| doctoral_advisor = [[C R Rao]]
| doctoral_students = [[Peter Friz]] [[Jeremy Quastel]]
| known_for = Martingale problems; Large deviation theory
| author_abbrev_bot =
| author_abbrev_zoo =
| influences =
| influenced =
| prizes = [[Padma Vibhushan]] (2023) [[National Medal of Science]] (2010) [[Padma Bhushan]] (2008) [[Abel Prize]] (2007) [[Steele Prize]] (1996) [[Birkhoff Prize]] (1994)
| religion =
| footnotes =
| signature =
}}
'''Sathamangalam Ranga Iyengar Srinivasa Varadhan''', {{post nominals|list= [[Fellow of the Royal Society|FRS]]}} (born 2 January 1940) is an [[Indian American]] [[mathematician]] and [[statistician]]. He is known for his fundamental contributions to [[probability theory]] and in particular for creating a unified theory of [[Large deviations theory|large deviations]].<ref name=Ramachandran>{{cite web|last=Ramachandran|first=R.|title=Science of chance|url=http://frontlineonnet.com/fl2407/stories/20070420001909700.htm|work=Frontline|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071211145135/http://www.frontlineonnet.com/fl2407/stories/20070420001909700.htm|archive-date=11 December 2007|location=India|date=7–20 April 2007}}</ref> He is regarded as one of the fundamental contributors to the theory of [[diffusion process]]es with an orientation towards the refinement and further development of Itô’s [[stochastic calculus]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Varadhan |first1=S. R. Srinivasa |title=Essentials of integration theory for analysis |url=https://search.library.wisc.edu/catalog/9913182061202121 |publisher=Springer, [2020] ©2020 |date=2020}}</ref> In the year 2007, he won the [[Abel Prize]].<ref>{{cite web |title=2007: Srinivasa S. R. Varadhan {{!}} The Abel Prize |url=https://abelprize.no/abel-prize-laureates/2007 |website=abelprize.no}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Indian wins Norway's Abel Prize for Mathematics |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india/indian-wins-norway-s-abel-prize-for-mathematics/story-UXUQjRsvihBEnB80xgBXKL.html#:~:text=Indian%2Dborn%20New%20York%20University,fundamental%20contributions%20to%20probability%20theory. |work=Hindustan Times |date=23 March 2007 |language=en}}</ref>

==Early life and education ==
Srinivasa was born into a [[Hindu]] [[Tamil Brahmin]] [[Iyengar]] family in 1940 <ref>{{Cite web|title= Srinivasa Varadhan |url=http://www.abelprisen.no/binfil/download.php?tid=56998|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161105070617/http://www.abelprisen.no/binfil/download.php?tid=56998|archive-date = 5 November 2016}}</ref> in Chennai (then [[Madras]]). In 1953, his family migrated to [[Kolkata]]. He grew up in [[Chennai]] and [[Kolkata]].<ref>interview-with-srinivasa-varadhan/ Interview with Srinivasa Varadhan], http://gonitsora.com</ref>

Varadhan received his undergraduate degree in 1959 and his postgraduate degree in 1960 from [[Presidency College, Chennai]]. He received his doctorate from [[Indian Statistical Institute]] in 1963 under [[C R Rao]],<ref>{{MathGenealogy|id=33923}}</ref><ref>[http://www.isical.ac.in/~deanweb/ALU_DEGR.HTM List of degree / diploma / certificate recipients of ISI], web site at the [[Indian Statistical Institute]]. Retrieved 22 March 2007.</ref> who arranged for [[Andrey Kolmogorov]] to be present at Varadhan's thesis defence.<ref>[http://www.allvoices.com/people/S._R._Srinivasa_Varadhan S. R. Srinivasa Varadhan's Biography], Allvoices. Retrieved 1 August 2010.</ref> He was one of the "famous four" (the others being [[Ramaswamy Ranga Rao]], [[K. R. Parthasarathy (probabilist)|K R Parthasarathy]], and [[Veeravalli S. Varadarajan|Veeravalli S Varadarajan]]) in [[Indian Statistical Institute|ISI]] during 1956–1963.<ref>{{cite web|first1=Kalyan Bidhan |last1=Sinha |first2=B. V. |last2=Rajarama Bhat|title=S. R. Srinivasa Varadhan|url=https://www.math.lsu.edu/cosa/6-1-00%5Bpartha%5D.pdf|publisher=[[Louisiana State University]]}}</ref>

==Career==
Since 1963, he has worked at the [[Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences]] at [[New York University]], where he was at first a postdoctoral fellow (1963–66), strongly recommended by [[Monroe D. Donsker|Monroe D Donsker]]. Here he met [[Daniel Stroock]], who became a close colleague and co-author. In an article in the ''Notices of the American Mathematical Society'', Stroock recalls these early years:
{{Blockquote|Varadhan, whom everyone calls Raghu, came to these shores from his native India in the fall of 1963. He arrived by plane at Idlewild Airport and proceeded to Manhattan by bus. His destination was that famous institution with the modest name, The Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences, where he had been given a postdoctoral fellowship. Varadhan was assigned to one of the many windowless offices in the Courant building, which used to be a hat factory. Yet despite the somewhat humble surroundings, from these offices flowed a remarkably large fraction of the post-war mathematics of which America is justly proud.}}
Varadhan is currently a professor at the Courant Institute.<ref name="steele">[http://www.ams.org/notices/199611/comm-steele.pdf Announcement of the] 1996 [[Steele Prize]]s at the [[American Mathematical Society]] web site. Retrieved 21 February 2007.</ref><ref name="abelbio">Srinivasa Varadhan is known as S R S Varadhan for short and Raghu to his friends and colleagues. His father, Ranga Iyengar, was a science teacher who became the Principal of the Board High School in Ponneri
[http://www.abelprisen.no/nedlastning/2007/biography_en.pdf Biography] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070421124112/http://www.abelprisen.no/nedlastning/2007/biography_en.pdf |date=21 April 2007 }} (PDF), from the [[Abel Prize]] web site. Retrieved 22 March 2007.</ref> He is known for his work with [[Daniel W Stroock]] on [[diffusion process]]es, and for his work on [[large deviations]] with [[Monroe D. Donsker|Monroe D Donsker]]. He has chaired the Mathematical Sciences jury for the [[Infosys Prize]] from 2009 and was the chief guest in 2020.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Infosys Prize - Jury 2020|url=http://www.infosys-science-foundation.com/prize/jury/jury-2020.asp|access-date=2020-12-10|website=www.infosys-science-foundation.com}}</ref>

His son, [[Ashok Varadhan]], is an executive at financial firm [[Goldman Sachs]].<ref>{{cite web |title = Can Goldman's Trading 'Rainmaker' Bring Back the Glory Days? |first = Sridhar |last = Natarajan |date = July 1, 2019 |work = Bloomberg |url = https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-07-01/can-goldman-s-trading-rainmaker-bring-back-the-glory-days}}</ref>

==Awards and honours==
Varadhan's awards and honours include the [[National Medal of Science]] (2010) from President [[Barack Obama]], "the highest honour bestowed by the [[United States government]] on scientists, engineers and inventors".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the-press-office/2011/09/27/president-obama-honors-nation-s-top-scientists-and-innovators |title=President Obama Honors Nation's Top Scientists and Innovators |date=27 September 2011 |via=[[NARA|National Archives]] |work=[[whitehouse.gov]] |access-date=28 September 2011}}</ref> He also received the [[Birkhoff Prize]] (1994), the Margaret and Herman Sokol Award of the Faculty of Arts and Sciences, New York University (1995), and the [[Leroy P. Steele Prize for Seminal Contribution to Research|Leroy P Steele Prize for Seminal Contribution to Research]] (1996) from the [[American Mathematical Society]], awarded for his work with [[Daniel W. Stroock|Daniel W Stroock]] on [[diffusion process]]es.<ref name="ams_notices_1996">{{cite journal|url=http://www.ams.org/notices/199611/comm-steele.pdf |title=1996 Steele Prizes |journal=[[Notices of the American Mathematical Society]] |volume=43 |issue=11 |pages=1340–1347 |date=November 1996 |access-date=29 September 2011}}</ref> He was awarded the [[Abel Prize]] in 2007 for his work on [[large deviations]] with [[Monroe D. Donsker|Monroe D Donsker]].<ref name="steele" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=2007: Srinivasa S. R. Varadhan |url=https://abelprize.no/abel-prize-laureates/2007 |access-date=August 22, 2022 |website=www.abelprize.no}}</ref> In 2008, the Government of India awarded him the [[Padma Bhushan]].<ref name="Padma Awards">{{cite web | url=http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf | title=Padma Awards | publisher=Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India | year=2015 | access-date=21 July 2015 | archive-date=15 October 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151015193758/http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf | url-status=dead }}</ref> and in 2023, he was awarded India's second highest civilian honor [[Padma Vibhushan]].<ref>[https://www.padmaawards.gov.in/Content/PadmaAwardees2023.pdf Padma Awardees]</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=January 25, 2023|title=Padma honours: Full list of awardees|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/padma-vibhushan-padma-bhushan-padma-shree-padma-awards-full-list/articleshow/97325138.cms |access-date=2023-01-25 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref> He also has two honorary degrees from Université Pierre et Marie Curie in Paris (2003) and from [[Indian Statistical Institute]] in Kolkata, India (2004).

Varadhan is a member of the [[United States National Academy of Sciences|US National Academy of Sciences]] (1995),<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nasonline.org/site/Dir?sid=1011&view=basic&pg=srch |title=NAS Membership Directory |publisher=[[United States National Academy of Sciences|U.S. National Academy of Sciences]] |access-date=10 June 2011}} Search with Last Name is "Varadhan".</ref> and the [[Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters]] (2009).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dnva.no/c26849/artikkel/vis.html?tid=40116|title=Gruppe 1: Matematiske fag|publisher=[[Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters]]|language=no|access-date=10 June 2011|archive-date=10 November 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131110152102/http://www.dnva.no/c26849/artikkel/vis.html?tid=40116|url-status=dead}}</ref> He was elected to Fellow of the [[American Academy of Arts and Sciences]] (1988),<ref name=AAAS>{{cite web|title=Book of Members, 1780–2010: Chapter V|url=http://www.amacad.org/publications/BookofMembers/ChapterV.pdf|publisher=[[American Academy of Arts and Sciences]]|access-date=10 June 2011}}</ref> the [[Third World Academy of Sciences]] (1988), the [[Institute of Mathematical Statistics]] (1991), the [[Royal Society]] (1998),<ref>{{cite web|url=http://royalsociety.org/uploadedFiles/Royal_Society_Content/about-us/fellowship/Fellows_and_Foreign_Members.pdf |title=Fellows of the Royal Society |publisher=[[Royal Society]] |access-date=10 June 2011}}</ref> the [[Indian Academy of Sciences]] (2004), the [[Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics]] (2009),<ref>{{cite web|url=http://fellows.siam.org/index.php?sort=year&value=2009 |title=SIAM Fellows: Class of 2009 |publisher=[[Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics]] |access-date=10 June 2011}}</ref> and the [[American Mathematical Society]] (2012).<ref>[http://www.ams.org/profession/fellows-list List of Fellows of the American Mathematical Society]. Retrieved 28 August 2013.</ref>

==Selected publications==
*''Convolution Properties of Distributions on Topological Groups''. Dissertation, Indian Statistical Institute, 1963.
*{{cite journal|last = Varadhan|first =SRS|title = Asymptotic probabilities and differential equations|journal = [[Communications on Pure and Applied Mathematics]]|volume = 19|year = 1966|pages = 261–286|doi = 10.1002/cpa.3160190303|issue = 3}}
*{{cite journal|last = Stroock|first = DW|author2=SRS Varadhan |title = On the support of diffusion processes with applications to the strong maximum principle|journal = Proc. of the Sixth Berkeley Symposium on Mathematical Statistics and Probability|volume = 3|pages = 333–359|year = 1972}}
* (with M D Donsker) {{cite journal|year=1975|title=On a variational formula for the principal eigenvalues for operators with maximum principle|journal=Proc Natl Acad Sci USA|volume=72|issue=3|pages=780–783|doi=10.1073/pnas.72.3.780|pmc=432403|pmid=16592231|last1=Donsker|first1=M. D.|last2=Varadhan|first2=S. R. S.|bibcode=1975PNAS...72..780D|doi-access=free}}
* (with M D Donsker) Asymptotic evaluation of certain Markov process expectations for large time. I, ''[[Communications on Pure and Applied Mathematics]]'' '''28''' (1975), pp. 1–47; part II, '''28''' (1975), pp. 279–301; part III, '''29''' (1976), pp 389–461; part IV, '''36''' (1983), pp 183–212.
* {{cite journal|last=Varadhan|first=SRS|year=2003|title=Stochastic analysis and applications|journal=Bull Amer Math Soc|volume=40|issue=1|pages=89–97|doi=10.1090/s0273-0979-02-00968-0|mr=1943135|doi-access=free}}

==See also==
*[[Varadhan's lemma]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{commons category}}
* [http://math.nyu.edu/faculty/varadhan/ S. R. Srinivasa Varadhan], home page at the [[Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences|Courant Institute]]
* {{MacTutor Biography|id= Varadhan}}
* {{Mathgenealogy|name = S. R. Srinivasa Varadhan|id = 33923}}

{{FRS 1998}}
{{Abel Prize laureates}}
{{Padma Vibhushan Awards|state=collapsed}}
{{PadmaBhushanAwardRecipients 2000–09}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Varadhan, Sathamangalam Ravi Srinivasa}}
[[Category:Abel Prize laureates]]
[[Category:Members of the United States National Academy of Sciences]]
[[Category:Fellows of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences]]
[[Category:Fellows of the American Mathematical Society]]
[[Category:Foreign fellows of the Indian National Science Academy]]
[[Category:Indian emigrants to the United States]]
[[Category:American mathematicians]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian mathematicians]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian mathematicians]]
[[Category:Indian statisticians]]
[[Category:Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences faculty]]
[[Category:Presidency College, Chennai alumni]]
[[Category:University of Madras alumni]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Probability theorists]]
[[Category:1940 births]]
[[Category:American people of Indian Tamil descent]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Bhushan in literature & education]]
[[Category:Fellows of the Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics]]
[[Category:Institute for Advanced Study visiting scholars]]
[[Category:Members of the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters]]
[[Category:National Medal of Science laureates]]
[[Category:Presidents of the Institute of Mathematical Statistics]]
[[Category:Indian Statistical Institute alumni]]
[[Category:American academics of Indian descent]]
[[Category:Scientists from Chennai]]
[[Category:Annals of Probability editors]]
[[Category:Mathematical statisticians]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Vibhushan in science & engineering]]
[[Category:Indian fellows of the Royal Society]]
[[Category:21st-century American statisticians]]
[[Category:20th-century statisticians]]

Bazigar people

2026-05-01T04:36:05Z

Vikiknl: New.

{{Short description|Schedule caste found in Central India}}
{{pp-extended|small=yes}}
{{for-multi|the language|Bazigar language|the film|Baazigar}}
{{EngvarB|date=January 2018}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2025}}
'''Bazigar''' (from {{langx|fa|بازیگر}} bazi + gar), or '''Goaars''', are an ethnic group of north-western India. They are primarily found in India's [[Punjab, India|Punjab]] and in Pakistan's [[Punjab, Pakistan|Punjab]], but there are also communities in [[Haryana]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], Delhi, [[Chandigarh]], [[Himachal Pradesh]], [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]], and [[Rajasthan]].{{sfn|Schreffler|2011|p=222}} They were previously nomadic with their main occupation the performance of acrobatics and other forms of entertainment, but they are now settled and engaged mainly in agricultural and similar forms of labour.<ref>{{harvnb|Deb|1987}}; {{harvnb|Schreffler|2011}}.</ref>

== Origin ==
According to [[Oral tradition]] the caste of Bazigar are believed to be originated from the intermingling between the [[Untouchables (caste)|Untouchable]] and [[Lodhi (caste)|Lodhi Rajput]] women, formerly profound as an dancing lady for the adulated members of [[Jats|Jat community]]. Over the time, they have come to assimilate themselves with the status of the [[Chauhan clan]] within the Bhangi community. They have now been granted [[Scheduled Caste]] status in [[Haryana]], Punjab and [[Uttar Pradesh]]. The Bazigar speak their own dialect, known as [[Bazigar language|Bazigar]], while speaking in Hindi with outsiders. In [[Haryana]], they are found mainly in the districts of Yamuna Nagar, [[Ambala District|Ambala]], [[Kurukshetra]], [[Rohtak District|Rohtak]], [[Sirsa District|Sirsa]], [[Fatehabad District|Fatehabad]], [[Karnal District|Karnal]]. Major Bazigar clans in Haryan include the Kanaut, Vartia, Lalka, Machhal Myane, Dharmsout, Manana, Namsout, and Jagateka.<ref>People of India Haryana Volume XXIII edited by M.L Sharma and A.K Bhatia, Manohar, pp. 63–67.</ref>

In Punjab, the Bazigar have [[Scheduled Caste]] status. They are found throughout Punjab, but in terms of numbers, they are concentrated in [[Patiala District|Patiala]], [[Sangrur District|Sangrur]], and [[Bathinda District|Bathinda]] districts are centres of this tribe. The Bazigar are a nomadic tribe, who go about from village to village practising acrobatic feats. Their primary occupation was the performance of acrobatics. Generally, each family was allocated twelve villages, and the Bazigar were paid by the villagers to entertain them. Many Bazigar were also employed as seasonal agricultural laborers. With the increase in televisions in rural Punjab, the Bazigar's traditional occupation is under threat.<ref>People of India Punjab Volume XXXVII edited by I.J.S Bansal and Swaran Singh, Manohar, pp. 94–96.</ref>

The Bazigar are further sub-divided into Six sub-groups, the guriyaka, Jogi, Badtia (Wartia), Muchhal (muchhals), Jassuke, Dharamsot and Namsout. The first four sub-divisions cannot intermarry, but Namsout only marry within the clan. Historically, the Bazigar were either Hindu or Muslim, but with the departure of their Muslim patrons due to the partition, the Bazigar have embraced [[Sikhism]]. They have also abandoned their traditional dialect Bazigar boli for standard [[saraiki language|Punjabi]].<ref>People of India Punjab Volume XXXVII edited by I.J.S Bansal and Swaran Singh, Manohar, pp. 94–96.</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

== Bibliography ==
*{{Cite book| last = Deb| first = P. C.| date = 1987| title = Bazigars of Punjab: A Socio-economic Study| publisher = Mittal Publications| location = Delhi}}
*{{cite journal| last = Schreffler| first = Gibb | date = 2011 | title = The Bazigar (Goaar) People and Their Performing Arts | journal = Journal of Punjab Studies| volume = 18| number = 1&2| url = https://punjab.global.ucsb.edu/sites/secure.lsit.ucsb.edu.gisp.d7_sp/files/sitefiles/journals/volume18/8_Bazigar_article.pdf}}
*{{cite book| editor-last = Singh| editor-first = Birinder Pal| year = 2010| title = "Criminal" Tribes of Punjab: A Social-anthropological Inquiry| publisher = Routledge| isbn = 9780415551472}}

{{Ethnic and social groups of the Punjab |state=expanded}}

[[Category:Ethnic groups in India]]
[[Category:Modern nomads]]
[[Category:Sikh communities]]
[[Category:Punjabi tribes]]
[[Category:Social groups of Punjab, India]]
[[Category:Social groups of Haryana]]
[[Category:Scheduled Castes of Haryana]]

Washim Lok Sabha constituency

2026-04-30T02:17:47Z

Vikiknl: Put up info.

{{Short description|Former constituency of the Indian parliament in Maharashtra}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2017}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Washim
| type = LS
| map_image =
| map_caption =
| map_alt =
| state = Maharashtra
| union_territory =
| established = 1952
| abolished = 2008
| assembly_cons =
| reservation =
}}
'''Washim''' was a [[Lok Sabha]] constituency in [[Maharashtra]] state in western [[India]] from 1977 ([[6th Lok Sabha]]) till 2004 elections ([[14th Lok Sabha]]). It was established before the 1977 Lok Sabha elections<ref name=delimitation1976>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3939-dpaco-1976/ |title=The Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 1976 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |date=1 December 1976 |access-date=13 October 2021}}</ref> following the abolition of the [[Khamgaon Lok Sabha constituency]], which had existed for three terms in the eighbouring [[Buldhana district]]. This constituency was dissolved when the [[Electoral boundary delimitation|delimitation]] of parliamentary constituencies based on the recommendations of the [[Delimitation Commission of India]] constituted in 2002 was implemented with the creation of new [[Yavatmal-Washim Lok Sabha constituency]].

==Members of Parliament==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Year
! Member
!colspan="2"|Party
|-
| colspan=4|{{center|''1952-76 : See [[Khamgaon Lok Sabha constituency]]''}}
|-
| [[1977 Indian general election|1977]]
| [[Vasantrao Naik]] †
| rowspan="1" style="background-Color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
| [[Indian National Congress]]
|-
| [[1980 Indian general election|1980]]
| rowspan=2|[[Ghulam Nabi Azad]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress (I)|dab=yes}}
|-
| [[1984 Indian general election|1984]]
|{{Full party name with color|rowspan=3|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[1989 Indian general election|1989]]
| rowspan=2|[[Anantrao Vithhalrao Deshmukh]]
|-
| [[1991 Indian general election|1991]]
|-
| [[1996 Indian general election|1996]]
| [[Pundlikrao Gawali]]
|style="background-color: {{party color|Shiv Sena}}" |
| [[Shiv Sena (1966–2022)|Shiv Sena]]
|-
| [[1998 Indian general election|1998]]
| [[Sudhakarrao Naik]]<ref name=election1998>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/4124-general-election-1998-vol-i-ii/ |title=General Election, 1998 (Vol I, II) |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=3 May 2023}}</ref>
|style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
| [[Indian National Congress]]
|-
| [[1999 Indian general election|1999]]<ref name=election1999>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/4125-general-election-1999-vol-i-ii-iii/ |title=General Election, 1999 (Vol I, II, III) |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=31 December 2021}}</ref>
| rowspan="2" | [[Bhavana Gawali|Bhavana Gawali Patil]]
|rowspan=2 style="background-color: {{party color|Shiv Sena}}" |
| rowspan="2" |[[Shiv Sena (1966–2022)|Shiv Sena]]
|-
| [[2004 Indian general election|2004]]<ref name=election2004>{{cite web |url=https://www.eci.gov.in/files/file/4126-general-election-2004-vol-i-ii-iii/ |title=General Election 2004 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date= 22 October 2021}}</ref>
|-
| colspan=4|{{center|''2008 onwards : See [[Yavatmal–Washim Lok Sabha constituency]]''}}
|-
|}

==See also==
* [[Washim district]]
* [[List of constituencies of the Lok Sabha]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Lok Sabha constituencies of Maharashtra}}
{{coords|20.1|77.1|display=title}}

[[Category:Washim district]]
[[Category:Former Lok Sabha constituencies of Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Former constituencies of the Lok Sabha]]
[[Category:2008 disestablishments in India]]
[[Category:Constituencies disestablished in 2008]]

Ranjin Raj

2026-04-29T07:59:35Z

Vikiknl:

{{short description|Indian music composer (b. 1988)}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2020}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2020}}
{{Infobox person
| honorific_prefix =
| name = Ranjin Raj
| image = Ranjin_Raj.jpg
| caption =
| native_name =
| other_names =
| birth_name = Ranjin Raj Varma
| birth_date = 11 December{{year missing|date=March 2026}}
| birth_place =
| death_date =
| death_place =
| resting_place =
| education =
| alma_mater =
| occupation = {{hlist|[[Composer|Music composer]]| [[Playback singer]]| [[Keyboardist]]|Lyricist}}
| spouse = {{marriage|Silpa Tulsi|2013}}
| children = 1
| parents =
| awards =
| imagesize =
| yearsactive = 2015{{ndash}}present
| signature =
}}

'''Ranjin Raj''' (born 11 December) is an Indian musician and composer who works in the [[Malayalam cinema|Malayalam film industry]]. He made his film debut with ''[[Joseph (2018 film)|Joseph]]'', which was released on 16 November 2018.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/music/joseph-movies-song-poomuthole-is-a-soulful-melody/articleshow/66443532.cms|title=Joseph movie's song Poomuthole is a soulful melody|work=The Times of India|access-date=2018-11-20}}</ref>

He is notable for his work in the movies like Joseph, Kaanekkane, Patham Valavu, Kaaval, Cadavar and Malikkapuram.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/music/composer-ranjin-raj-on-his-journey/article26407776.ece|title='I want to make evergreen songs': Ranjin Raj|website=The Hindu}}</ref>

Poomuthole, Kannatha dhooram and Pal Nilavin are his Kerala State Award Winning songs for various artists.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.manoramaonline.com/fasttrack/features/2024/06/20/celebrity-car-music-director-ranjin-raj-new-audi.html|title=പഴയ സൈക്കിളിൽ നിന്ന് ഔഡി എ4 ലേക്ക്; സ്വപ്ന വാഹനങ്ങളെക്കുറിച്ച് സംഗീത സംവിധായകൻ രഞ്ജിൻ രാജ്|website=Malayala Manorama}}</ref>

==Personal life==

Ranjin was born at [[Melarcode|Melarcode, Kerala]] to M Rajendran and Supriya Rajendran, Palakkad. He married Silpa Tulsi on 25 August 2013.

==Career==
He was a contestant on [[Star Singer|Idea Star Singer 2007]], a music reality show telecasted on [[Asianet (TV channel)|Asianet]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/music/I-had-a-rocky-start-in-M-Town-Ranjin-Raj-Varma/articleshow/35060211.cms|title=I had a rocky start in M-Town: Ranjin Raj Varma|work=The Times of India|access-date=2018-11-20}}</ref> Ranjin started his career as in-house music producer for media such as [[Flowers (TV channel)]], [[Zee Keralam]] and his works include Comedy Utsavam and [[Uppum Mulakum]] telecasting on [[Flowers (TV channel)]].

He associated to director [[V. A. Shrikumar|V. A Shrikumar]] for the film [[Odiyan]], starring [[Mohanlal]], for which he composed scores for two promo videos.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mathrubhumi.com/tv/ReadMore/9727/ranjan-raj-morning-show/E|title=Singer Ranjin's promotional song for ''Bhayya Bhayya''|work=Mathrubhumi|access-date=2018-11-20}}</ref>

Ranjin Raj started his film career as a musician with the films [[Nithyaharitha Nayakan]] and [[Joseph (2018 film)|Joseph]]. His song named ''Poomuthole'' from the film Joseph was a hit.<ref>{{Cite web |title=I had only my amma in my mind while composing Poomuthole : Ranjin Raj - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/music/i-had-only-my-amma-in-my-mind-while-composing-poomuthole-ranjin-raj/articleshow/67381270.cms |access-date=2022-02-26 |website=The Times of India |date=4 January 2019 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/malayalam/2020/jan/22/renji-panicker-to-replace-lal-in-the-thriller-kaval-2092643.html|title=Renji Panicker to replace Lal in the thriller 'Kaval'|work=TheNewIndianExpress|date=22 January 2020 |access-date=2020-04-30}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/music/151118/a-rare-musical-feat-for-ranjin-raj.html|title=A rare musical feat for Ranjin Raj|work=Deccanchronicle|date=15 November 2018 |access-date=2018-11-20}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/suresh-gopis-film-nithin-renji-panicker-titled-kaaval-111316|title=Suresh Gopi's film with Nithin Renji Panicker is titled 'Kaaval'|work=TheNewsMinute|date=28 October 2019 |access-date=2020-04-30}}</ref>

== Discography ==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! width=30 | Year
! width=180| Title
! width=75 | Language
! width=65 | Songs
! width=65 | Score
! width=65 | Notes
|-
| rowspan="2"|2018 ||''[[Joseph (2018 film)|Joseph]]'' || [[Malayalam]] || {{yes}} ||{{no}} || Debut Film
|-
||''[[Nithyaharitha Nayakan]]'' || Malayalam || {{yes}} ||{{yes}} ||
|-
|2019 ||''[[Ormayil Oru Shishiram (film)|Ormayil Oru Shishiram]] '' || Malayalam || {{yes}} ||{{yes}} ||
|-
|2020
||''[[Al Mallu|Al - mallu]]'' || Malayalam || {{yes}} ||{{yes}} ||
|-
| rowspan="4" |''2021''
|''Wolf''||Malayalam|| {{yes}} || {{yes}}
|Released in [[ZEE5|Zee5]]
|-
|''[[Kaanekkaane]]''||Malayalam || {{yes}} || {{yes}} ||Movie released in [[SonyLIV]]<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.onmanorama.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/2021/09/11/kaanekkaane-digital-release-sonyliv-teaser-launched.html | title=Kaanekkaane' gears up for OTT release, intriguing teaser launched| work= Manorama News Online | date=11 September 2021 | accessdate=12 September 2021}}</ref>
|-
|[[Star (2021 film)|''Star'']]||Malayalam || {{yes}} || {{no}}
|
|-
|''[[Kaaval (2021 film)|Kaaval]]'' || Malayalam || {{yes}} ||{{yes}} ||
|-
| rowspan="8" |''2022''
|''[[Karnan Napoleon Bhagath Singh]]''||Malayalam || {{yes}} || {{yes}}
|<ref>{{Cite news |last=S |first=Harikumar J. |date=2020-12-16 |title='Karnan Napoleon Bhagat Singh' is a murder-mystery thriller, says director Sarath G Mohan |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/karnan-napoleon-bhagat-singh-is-a-murder-mystery-thriller-says-director-sarath-g-mohan/article33343514.ece |access-date=2022-03-01 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Night Drive (film)|Night Drive]]''||Malayalam || {{yes}} || {{yes}} ||
|-
|''[[Pathaam Valavu]]'' ||Malayalam || {{yes}} || {{yes}} ||
|-
|''[[Cadaver (2022 film)|Cadaver]]'' ||[[Tamil language|Tamil]] || {{yes}} || {{yes}} ||Movie released in Disney Hotstar
|-
|''[[Shefeekkinte Santhosham]]'' || Malayalam || {{No}} || {{yes}} ||
|-
|''[[Yugi (film)|Yugi]]''||Tamil || {{yes}} || {{no}} ||
|-
|''Adrishyam''||Malayalam || {{yes}} || {{no}} ||
|-
|''[[Malikappuram]]'' || Malayalam || {{Yes}} || {{yes}} ||
|-
| rowspan="5" |2023
|''[[Kallanum Bhagavathiyum]]''
|Malayalam
|{{yes}}
|{{yes}}
|
|-
|''[[Within Seconds]]''||Malayalam || {{yes}} || {{yes}} ||
|-
|''[[Kunjamminis Hospital]]''
|Malayalam
|{{yes}}
|{{yes}}
|<ref>{{Cite web |last= |title=Kunjamminis Hospital {{!}} കുഞ്ഞമ്മിണിസ്സ് ഹോസ്പിറ്റൽ - Mallu Release {{!}} Watch Malayalam Full Movies |url=https://www.mallurelease.com/2022/06/kunjamminis-hospital-movie.html |access-date=2023-07-26 |language=english}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Kota Bommali PS]]'' || Telugu || {{Yes}} || {{yes}} ||
|-
|''Queen Elizabeth'' || Malayalam || {{yes}} || {{yes}} ||
|-
| rowspan=5 | 2024 || ''Mahadev Ka Ghorakpur'' || Bhojpuri || {{yes}} || {{yes}} ||
|-
| ''Nagendran's Honeymoons'' || Malayalam || {{no}} || {{yes}} || Hotstar Web Series
|-
| ''[[Panchayath Jetty]]''||Malayalam || {{yes}} || {{yes}} ||<ref>{{Cite web |last=Service |first=Express News |date=2024-07-03 |title='Panchayath Jetty' gets a release date |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/malayalam/2024/Jul/03/panchayath-jetty-gets-a-release-date |access-date=2025-02-14 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| ''Chithini'' || Malayalam || {{yes}} || {{yes}} ||<ref>{{Cite web |last=Features |first=C. E. |date=2024-07-12 |title=Chithini Trailer: Amith Chakalakkal and Vinay Forrt in a supernatural horror thriller |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/malayalam/news/2024/Jul/12/chithini-trailer-amith-chakalakkal-and-vinay-forrt-in-a-supernatural-horror-thriller |access-date=2024-09-29 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Anand Sreebala]]'' || Malayalam || {{yes}} || {{yes}} ||<ref>{{Cite web |last=Features |first=C. E. |date=2024-06-12 |title=First look of Arjun Ashokan's Anand Sreebala out |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/malayalam/news/2024/Jun/12/first-look-of-arjun-ashokans-anand-sreebala-out |access-date=2025-02-14 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan=3 | 2025 || ''[[Sumathi Valavu]]'' || Malayalam || {{Yes}} || {{yes}} || <ref>{{Cite web |last=Madhu |first=Vignesh |date=2025-02-13 |title=Arjun Ashokan-starrer Sumathi Valavu gets a release date |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/malayalam/news/2025/Feb/13/arjun-ashokan-starrer-sumathi-valavu-gets-a-release-date |access-date=2025-02-14 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| ''Ambalamukkile Visheshangal''|| Malayalam || {{yes}} || {{yes}} ||<ref>{{Cite web |last=Desk |first=Cinema Express |date=2025-11-11 |title=Gokul Suresh's Ambalamukkile Visheshangal confirms release date |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/malayalam/news/2025/Nov/11/gokul-sureshs-ambalamukkile-visheshangal-confirms-release-date |access-date=2025-11-11 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|''Ponkala''|| Malayalam || {{Yes}} || {{yes}} || <ref>{{Cite news|url=|title=Manu Ashokan reunites with Bobby-Sanjay for 'Eyes'|website=Times of India}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan=13 | 2026 || ''[[Sampradayini Suppini Suddapoosani]]''|| Telugu|| {{Yes}} || {{yes}} || <ref>{{Cite web|title=Movie release on March 6th,2026|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movie-details/sampradayini-suppini-suddapoosani/movieshow/129070183.cms|access-date=2026-03-05 |website=Times of India |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|''Bhishmar'' || Malayalam || {{yes}} || {{yes}} ||<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bhishmar Making Video Out|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/bhishmar-making-video-out-dhyan-sreenivasan-and-vishnu-unnikrishnans-first-film-together/articleshow/126087147.cms |access-date=2025-12-21 |website=Times of India |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|{{Pending film| Eyes}} || Malayalam || {{Yes}} || {{yes}} || SonyLIV Web Series <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/manu-ashokan-reunites-with-bobby-sanjay-for-eyes/articleshow/109057249.cms|title=Manu Ashokan reunites with Bobby-Sanjay for 'Eyes'|work=The Times of India|website=|date=5 April 2024}}</ref>
|-
|{{Pending film| Revolver Rinko}} || Malayalam || {{Yes}} || {{yes}} || <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.mathrubhumi.com/movies-music/news/revolver-ringo-new-malayalam-movie-1.10140734|title=Revolver Rinko|website=Mathrubhumi}}</ref>
|-
|{{Pending film| Grandfather}} || Tamil || {{Yes}} || {{yes}} || <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/grandfather-national-award-winner-ms-bhaskar-returns-in-a-lead-role-a-film-with-a-twist-of-emotion-and-mystery/articleshow/123073628.cms|title='Grandfather': National Award winner MS Bhaskar returns in a lead role|website=TOI|date=3 August 2025}}</ref>
|-
|{{Pending film| Bombay Positive}} || Malayalam || {{Yes}} || {{yes}} || <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/bombay-positive-first-look-lukman-avaran-and-binu-pappu-to-team-up-after-saudi-vellakka/articleshow/113767552.cms|title='Bombay Positive' first look: Lukman Avaran and Binu Pappu to team up after 'Saudi Vellakka'|website=Times of India}}</ref>
|-
|{{Pending film| The Police Story}} || Malayalam || {{Yes}} || {{yes}} || <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt28005069/|title=The Police Story|website=IMDb}}</ref>
|-
|{{Pending film| Soorya}} || Hindi || {{Yes}} || {{No}} || <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt15944190/|title=Soorya|website=IMDb}}</ref>
|-
|{{Pending film| Theri Meri}} || Malayalam || {{Yes}} || {{yes}} || <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.mathrubhumi.com/movies-music/news/teri-meri-first-look-poster-1.10511033.cms|title=Theri Meri First Look Poster|website=Mathrubhumi}}</ref>
|-
|{{Pending film| Junior}} || Malayalam || {{Yes}} || {{yes}} || <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/malayalam/news/2025/Jun/15/uyare-director-manu-ashokans-new-film-titled-junior.cms|title=Uyare director Manu Ashokan's new film titled Junior|website=Cinema Express|date=15 June 2025}}</ref>
|-
|{{Pending film| Chottanikara Lakshmikutty}} || Malayalam || {{Yes}} || {{yes}} || <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.mallurelease.com/2025/07/chottanikkara-lakshmikutty-movie.html|title=Director of Aravindante Athidhikal and writer of Malikappuram join hands for Chottanikkara Lakshmikutty|website=Mallu Release}}</ref>
|-
|{{Pending film| Anjangaporu}} || Malayalam || {{Yes}} || {{yes}} || <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/malayalam/news/2025/Jan/20/vishnu-unnikrishnan-and-bibin-george-to-headline-anjangaporu|title=Vishnu Unnikrishnan and Bibin George to headline Anjangaporu|website=Indian Express}}</ref>
|-
|{{Pending film| Chanthattam}} || Malayalam || {{Yes}} || {{yes}} || <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/apart-from-motherly-care-a-journey-through-rudra-bhava-and-rudrathandavam-chanthattam/articleshow/114271165.cms|title=Apart from motherly care, a journey through Rudra Bhava and Rudrathandavam: Chanthattam|website=Times of India}}</ref>
|-
|}

==Awards==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Year !! Title !! Category !! Film!! Status
|-
|2019||[[Mazhavil Manorama|Mazhavil Entertainment Award]]||Best Music Director|| [[Joseph (2018 film)|Joseph]]||{{won}}
|-
|2019||[[Vayalar Award]]||Best Music Director|| [[Joseph (2018 film)|Joseph]]||{{won}}
|-
|2019||[[Girish Puthenchery]] Award||Best Music Director|| [[Joseph (2018 film)|Joseph]]||{{won}}
|-
|2019||Movie street Award||Best Music Director|| [[Joseph (2018 film)|Joseph]]||{{won}}
|-
|2019||[[8th South Indian International Movie Awards]]||Best Music Director|| [[Joseph (2018 film)|Joseph]]||{{nominated}}
|-
|2022
|[[10th South Indian International Movie Awards]]
|Best Music Director
|[[Kaanekkaane]]
|Nominated
|-
|2023
|[[11th South Indian International Movie Awards]]
|Best Music Director
|[[Malikappuram]]
|Nominated
|-
|2023||Mowli Film Awards||Best Music Director|| [[Malikappuram]],[[Pathaam Valavu]]||{{won}}
|-
|2023||[[Poovachal Khader]] Award||Best Music Director|| [[Malikappuram]],[[Pathaam Valavu]]||{{won}}
|-
|2023||Navakerala News Award||Best Music Director|| [[Malikappuram]]||{{won}}
|-
|2023||Minnalai Award||Best Music Director|| [[Malikappuram]],[[Night Drive (film)|Night Drive]]||{{won}}
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb name|9215661}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Raj, Ranjin}}
[[Category:1988 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]

List of Mann Ki Baat episodes

2026-04-26T09:06:54Z

Vikiknl:

{{Short description|none}}
{{DISPLAYTITLE:List of ''Mann Ki Baat'' episodes}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2026}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2026}}

''[[Mann Ki Baat]]'' is a radio series on [[All India Radio]] in India. The show is hosted by the current [[Prime Minister of India]], [[Narendra Modi]].

{{TOC right}}

==Series overview==

===By season===
<onlyinclude>{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center;"
|-
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" |Season
! rowspan="2" |Episodes
! colspan="2" |Originally aired
|-
! First aired
! Last aired
|-
|style="background: #FF5F5F;"|
|[[List of Mann Ki Baat episodes#Season 1 (2014–2019)|1]]
|53
|{{Start date|df=yes|2014|10|3}}
|{{End date|df=yes|2019|2|24}}
|-
|style="background: #0000FF;"|
|[[List of Mann Ki Baat episodes#Season 2 (2019–2024)|2]]
|57
|{{Start date|df=yes|2019|6|30}}
|{{End date|df=yes|2024|2|25}}
|-
|style="background: #006600;"|
|[[List of Mann Ki Baat episodes#Season 3 (2024–present)|3]]
|23
|{{Start date|df=yes|2024|6|30}}
|{{End date|df=yes|2026|4|26}}
|}</onlyinclude>

===By year===
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center;"
|-
! rowspan="2" |Year
! rowspan="2" |Episodes
! colspan="2" |Originally aired
|-
! First aired
! Last aired
|-
|[[List of Mann Ki Baat episodes#List of episodes in 2014|2014]]
|3
|{{Start date|df=yes|2014|10|3}}
|{{End date|df=yes|2014|12|14}}
|-
|[[List of Mann Ki Baat episodes#List of episodes in 2015|2015]]
|12
|{{Start date|df=yes|2015|1|27}}
|{{End date|df=yes|2015|12|27}}
|-
|[[List of Mann Ki Baat episodes#List of episodes in 2016|2016]]
|12
|{{Start date|df=yes|2016|1|31}}
|{{End date|df=yes|2016|12|25}}
|-
|[[List of Mann Ki Baat episodes#List of episodes in 2017|2017]]
|12
|{{Start date|df=yes|2017|1|29}}
|{{End date|df=yes|2017|12|31}}
|-
|[[List of Mann Ki Baat episodes#List of episodes in 2018|2018]]
|12
|{{Start date|df=yes|2018|1|28}}
|{{End date|df=yes|2018|12|30}}
|-
|[[List of Mann Ki Baat episodes#List of episodes in 2019|2019]]
|9
|{{Start date|df=yes|2019|1|27}}
|{{End date|df=yes|2019|12|29}}
|-
|[[List of Mann Ki Baat episodes#List of episodes in 2020|2020]]
|12
|{{Start date|df=yes|2020|1|26}}
|{{End date|df=yes|2020|12|27}}
|-
|[[List of Mann Ki Baat episodes#List of episodes in 2021|2021]]
|12
|{{Start date|df=yes|2021|1|31}}
|{{End date|df=yes|2021|12|26}}
|-
|[[List of Mann Ki Baat episodes#List of episodes in 2022|2022]]
|12
|{{Start date|df=yes|2022|1|30}}
|{{End date|df=yes|2022|12|25}}
|-
|[[List of Mann Ki Baat episodes#List of episodes in 2023|2023]]
|12
|{{Start date|df=yes|2023|1|29}}
|{{End date|df=yes|2023|12|31}}
|-
|[[List of Mann Ki Baat episodes#List of episodes in 2024|2024]]
|9
|{{Start date|df=yes|2024|1|28}}
|{{End date|df=yes|2024|12|29}}
|-
|[[List of Mann Ki Baat episodes#List of episodes in 2025|2025]]
|12
|{{Start date|df=yes|2025|1|26}}
|{{End date|df=yes|2025|12|28}}
|-
|[[List of Mann Ki Baat episodes#List of episodes in 2026|2026]]
|4
|{{Start date|df=yes|2026|1|25}}
|{{End date|df=yes|2026|4|26}}
|}

==Episodes==

===Season 1 (2014–2019)===

====List of episodes in 2014====
{| class="wikitable"
!style="background: #FF5F5F; color: #ffffff; width:6%"| No.
!style="background: #FF5F5F; color: #ffffff; width:6%"| Year
!style="background: #FF5F5F; color: #ffffff; width:6%"| Date
!style="background: #FF5F5F; color: #ffffff; width:6%"| Ref.
|- bgcolor="#F2F2F2" align="center"
!1
!2014
!3 October
!<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-10-highlights-from-prime-minister-narendra-modi-s-mann-ki-baat-2023254|title=10 highlights from Prime Minister Narendra Modi's 'Mann Ki Baat'|date=3 October 2014|work=dna|access-date=31 January 2015|archive-date=9 January 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150109025131/http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-10-highlights-from-prime-minister-narendra-modi-s-mann-ki-baat-2023254|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| colspan="4" |After wishing [[Vijayadashami]], Modi urged the listeners to purchase [[Khadi]] clothes to contribute to the prosperity of the poor. He also discussed the [[Swachh Bharat Abhiyan]], the success of India's [[Mars Orbiter Mission|Mars Mission]], skill development and disabled children. Modi also discussed various letters and ideas written to him by the citizens of the country.
|- bgcolor="#F2F2F2" align="center"
!2
!2014
!2 November
!<ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Modi-talks-of-govt-schemes-on-Mann-ki-Baat-address/articleshow/45017585.cms|title=Modi talks of govt schemes on 'Mann Ki Baat' address|work=The Times of India|date=3 November 2014 |access-date=31 January 2015|archive-date=31 January 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150131165457/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Modi-talks-of-govt-schemes-on-Mann-ki-Baat-address/articleshow/45017585.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| colspan="4" |Modi discussed several Government initiatives, including a scholarship for disabled children and grants to educational institutions for developing infrastructure for such children. He also discussed the positive effects of Swachh Bharat Abhiyan on health. He paid tributes to Indian soldiers, whom he had visited during [[Diwali]] in [[Siachen Glacier|Siachen]] area. Modi also discussed how sales of khadi had gone up after the mention made in the first episode.
|- bgcolor="#F2F2F2" align="center"
!3
!2014
!14 December
!<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rediff.com/news/report/modi-on-mann-ki-baat-darkness-destruction-devastation-are-3ds-of-drugs/20141214.htm|title=Say NO to drugs, it's not cool: PM Modi on Mann Ki Baat|date=14 December 2014|access-date=31 January 2015|archive-date=17 December 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141217000715/http://www.rediff.com/news/report/modi-on-mann-ki-baat-darkness-destruction-devastation-are-3ds-of-drugs/20141214.htm|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| colspan="4" |Modi discussed [[drug abuse]], and appealed to the youth to say no to drugs. He also said that the money spent on drugs might be used for funding terrorism. He stated that a toll-free helpline would be set up to help drug addicts and their families. Modi wished everyone a [[Merry Christmas]] and the very best for the [[New Year]].
|}

====List of episodes in 2015====
{| class="wikitable"
!No.
!Year
!Date
!Ref.
|-
!4
!2015
!27 January
!<ref>{{Cite news|date=2015-01-27|title=Mann Ki Baat: Anyone in India or US can lead the country, says Obama|language=en-IN|newspaper=The Hindu|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/mann-ki-baat-anyone-in-india-or-us-can-lead-the-country-says-obama/article6827276.ece|access-date=2016-10-25|issn=0971-751X|archive-date=25 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210225060616/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/mann-ki-baat-anyone-in-india-or-us-can-lead-the-country-says-obama/article6827276.ece|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Full transcript of Obama-Modi 'Mann Ki Baat' - Times of India|newspaper=The Times of India|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Full-transcript-of-Obama-Modi-Mann-ki-baat/articleshow/46032820.cms|access-date=2016-10-25|archive-date=30 August 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160830214129/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/India/Full-transcript-of-Obama-Modi-Mann-ki-baat/articleshow/46032820.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| colspan="4" |The US President [[Barack Obama]] co-hosted the show with Modi. Obama noted how he was told that this was the "first ever radio address by an Indian Prime Minister and an American President together". Both answered a series of questions from Indian citizens. Modi urged listeners to write in online using the hashtag [[Barack Obama 2008 presidential campaign|#YesWeCan]].
|-
!5
!2015
!22 February
!<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rediff.com/getahead/report/career-compete-with-yourself-not-others-pm-narendra-modi-tells-students/20150224.htm|title='Compete with yourself, not others': PM Narendra Modi tells students|date=24 February 2015|work=Rediff|access-date=24 February 2015|archive-date=24 February 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150224170455/http://www.rediff.com/getahead/report/career-compete-with-yourself-not-others-pm-narendra-modi-tells-students/20150224.htm|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| colspan="4" |Modi addressed students, asking them to avoid [[test anxiety|exam stress]] and compete with themselves, not others. He said, "This (examination) is not going to be the end of life.... Life is much bigger than just academic examinations." and urged parents not to compare their child's performance with others.
|-
!6
!2015
!22 March
!<ref>{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/PM-Modis-Mann-ki-Baat-with-farmers/liveblog/46650229.cms|title=PM Modi's 'Mann Ki Baat' with farmers - The Times of India|work=The Times of India|access-date=3 April 2015|archive-date=29 March 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150329094555/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/PM-Modis-Mann-ki-Baat-with-farmers/liveblog/46650229.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| colspan="4" |Modi discussed issues of concern to farmers, like soil health, right value for yield and land acquisition. He clarified many misunderstandings about the recent Land Act. Additionally, he addressed several concerns and questions voiced to him by the farmers of India.
|-
!7
!2015
!26 April
!<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.biharprabha.com/2015/04/narendra-modis-next-mann-ki-baat-to-be-telecast-on-sunday-april-26/|title=Narendra Modi's next Mann Ki Baatto be telecast on Sunday April 26|date=21 April 2015|access-date=21 April 2015|publisher=news.biharprabha.com|archive-date=28 April 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150428015752/http://news.biharprabha.com/2015/04/narendra-modis-next-mann-ki-baat-to-be-telecast-on-sunday-april-26/|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| colspan="4" |PM Modi promised that his government will find a solution to the ‘[[One Rank One Pension Scheme|One rank One Pension]]’ issue soon. He spoke in length about the new initiatives taken up by his government to fight [[Poverty in India|poverty in the country]]. The prime minister also congratulated students on their success in the board exams and urged them to choose a career that would help India.
|-
!8
!2015
!31 May
!<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/highlights-from-pm-modis-mann-ki-baat/listshow/47488088.cms|title=Highlights from PM Modi's 'Mann Ki Baat'|date=31 May 2015|website=The Times of India|url-status=live|access-date=2019-11-25|archive-date=8 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210308035102/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/highlights-from-pm-modis-mann-ki-baat/listshow/47488088.cms}}</ref>
|-
| colspan="4" |Modi spoke of [[International Day of Yoga|International Yoga Day]], Kisan TV channel and urged people to take care of themselves as well as the birds and animals during the heatwave. Modi also said that [[One Rank One Pension Scheme|One rank One Pension]] is complicated and not as simple as he thought it was.
|-
!9
!2015
!28 June
!<ref>{{citation|title=Every Indian feels proud that Yoga was performed all over the world on June 21: PM Modi in Mann Ki Baat|url=http://www.indiatvnews.com/politics/national/pm-modi-mann-ki-baat-30499.html|date=28 June 2015|access-date=21 July 2015|archive-date=1 August 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150801043001/http://www.indiatvnews.com/politics/national/pm-modi-mann-ki-baat-30499.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| colspan="4" | PM Modi spoke about [[yoga]] happening all over the world, at France's [[River Seine]] and [[Eiffel Tower]], at America's [[Times Square]] and Australia's [[Opera House]] and even the [[United Nations peacekeeping|UN Peace Keeping Force]] and Indian soldiers at [[Siachen]] and by the [[Indian Navy]] on their ships and by the citizens at Rajpath. Modi also gave the example of a Vietnamese child doing yoga. Modi urge IT professionals to work towards the mission of spreading yoga. Modi then went to talk about other issues such as that "the work of constructing toilets by the people is on the verge of completion". He also promoted the [[Beti Bachao, Beti Padhao Yojana]] and ''Selfie With Daughter'' concept.
|-
!10
!2015
!26 July
!<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/delhi/story/pm-narendra-modi-mann-ki-baat-284707-2015-07-26|title=PM Modi pays tribute to Kargil martyrs in Mann Ki Baat|date=26 July 2015|website=India Today|access-date=26 November 2019|archive-date=8 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210308092835/https://www.indiatoday.in/india/delhi/story/pm-narendra-modi-mann-ki-baat-284707-2015-07-26|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| colspan="4" |PM Modi paid tribute to those who died in the [[Kargil War]] and added that "Kargil (war) was not just fought on the borders, but India's every village, city and town has made a contribution." Modi talked about the [[Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Gram Jyoti Yojana|Deendayal Upadhyaya Gram Jyoti Yojana]], to provide electricity to every village in India. He also noted the declining interest in science and technology.
|-
!11
!2015
!30 August
!<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/delhi/story/pm-narendra-modi-addresses-mann-ki-baat-290919-2015-08-30|title=Mann Ki Baat: Ready to amend land acquisition act for farmers, says PM Modi|date=30 August 2019|website=India Today|access-date=2019-11-26|archive-date=28 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210228172328/https://www.indiatoday.in/india/delhi/story/pm-narendra-modi-addresses-mann-ki-baat-290919-2015-08-30|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| colspan="4" |PM Modi covered various topics such as [[Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana|Jan Dhan Yojana]], the [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1965|1965 war]], the amazing work that Indian scientists are doing, [[Swachh Bharat Mission|Swachh Bharat]] and the land acquisition act for farmers.
|-
!12
!2015
!20 September
!<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/my-mann-ki-baat-is-now-nations-mann-ki-baat-pm-narendra-modi-263872-2015-09-20|title=My Mann Ki Baatis now nation's Mann Ki Baat: PM Narendra Modi|date=20 September 2015|website=India Today|access-date=2019-11-26|archive-date=7 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210307224251/https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/my-mann-ki-baat-is-now-nations-mann-ki-baat-pm-narendra-modi-263872-2015-09-20|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| colspan="4" |Modi thanked everyone for a successful one year of Mann Ki Baat. Modi talked about [[Subhas Chandra Bose]] and how Bose had launched the [[Azad Hind Radio]]. He also mentioned the silent revolution of [[Liquefied petroleum gas|LPG]] subsidies.
|-
!13
!2015
!25 October
!<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.livemint.com/Politics/bs2ROB9OfhrZb1shr3lsIK/Narendra-Modi-talks-peace-and-harmony-in-Mann-Ki-Baat-addres.html|title=Narendra Modi talks peace and harmony in Mann Ki Baat address|last=Varma|first=Gyan|date=25 October 2015|website=Livemint|access-date=2019-11-26|archive-date=24 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210124103432/https://www.livemint.com/Politics/bs2ROB9OfhrZb1shr3lsIK/Narendra-Modi-talks-peace-and-harmony-in-Mann-Ki-Baat-addres.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| colspan="4" |The prime minister spoke about no interview in non-gazette government jobs for Group B, C and D posts and gold monetisation. Modi talked about how the government had acquired the house of [[B. R. Ambedkar|BR Ambedkar]] in United Kingdom. He talked about the message of peace and harmony in his address.
|-
!14
!2015
!29 November
!<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.firstpost.com/living/pm-modi-appeals-for-donation-of-organs-in-mann-ki-baat-2525644.html|title=PM Modi appeals for donation of organs in Mann Ki Baat|website=Firstpost|date=29 November 2015 |access-date=2019-11-26|archive-date=8 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210308012922/https://www.firstpost.com/living/pm-modi-appeals-for-donation-of-organs-in-mann-ki-baat-2525644.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pmindia.gov.in/en/news_updates/english-rendering-of-prime-ministers-mann-ki-baat-on-all-india-radio-29th-november-2015/|title=English Rendering of Prime Minister's "Mann Ki Baat" on All India Radio, 29th November 2015|website=www.pmindia.gov.in|language=en|access-date=2019-11-26|archive-date=11 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181111013108/http://www.pmindia.gov.in/en/news_updates/english-rendering-of-prime-ministers-mann-ki-baat-on-all-india-radio-29th-november-2015/|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| colspan="4" |PM Modi talked about farming and stubble burning after a question was put forward on the [[MyGov.in]] website. He also talked about how in 1996 terrorists had shot Jawed Ahmed in Kashmir. Modi described how he despite being disabled he fought back from his injuries. Modi appealed for organ donations, talked about [[Accredited Social Health Activist|ASHA workers]], talked about climate change as well as [[MUDRA Bank|MUDRA banks]].
|-
!15
!2015
!27 December
!<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/prime-minister-narendra-modi-15th-mann-ki-baat-address/article10127825.ece|title=As it happened: Modi's 15th 'Mann Ki Baat' address|date=2015-12-27|work=The Hindu|access-date=2019-11-27|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X|archive-date=29 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200529140054/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/prime-minister-narendra-modi-15th-mann-ki-baat-address/article10127825.ece|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://pib.gov.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=134066|title=English rendering of Prime Minister's "Mann Ki Baat" on All India Radio|last=Prime Minister's Office|website=pib.gov.in|url-status=live|access-date=2019-11-27|archive-date=18 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200518121110/https://pib.gov.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=134066}}</ref>
|-
| colspan="4" |Modi mentioned how the 125th birth anniversary of [[B. R. Ambedkar]], the maker of the Indian Constitution, will be celebrated in 2016. Modi urged citizens to clean and keep clean the statues of the great men and woman around them in preparation for Republic Day. He also read out letters by citizens on topics such as cleanliness, disabilities and the "[[Ease of doing business ranking of states of India|Ease of Doing Business]]".
|}

====List of episodes in 2016====
{| class="wikitable"
!No.
!Year
!Date
!Ref.
|-
!16
!2016
!31 January
!<ref>{{Cite web|date=31 January 2016|title=English rendering of the Text of Prime Minister's 'Mann Ki Baat' on All India Radio, 31st January 2016|url=https://pib.gov.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=136200|access-date=2019-12-09|website=pib.gov.in|archive-date=9 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191209064055/https://pib.gov.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx%3Frelid%3D136200|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| colspan="4" |Modi started by saying that the day before he went to pay homage to [[Mahatma Gandhi|Bapu]] at [[Raj Ghat and associated memorials|Rajghat]] and other martyrs to express gratitude to those who laid down their lives for the country. Other issues discussed included [[Khadi]], the girl child, cleaning statues of great personalities as Swachta Abhiyan and Samman Abhiyan, Sikkim becoming an organic state, farmers and ''Fasal Beema Yojana'' and the [[International Fleet Review 2016]] and the [[South Asian Federation Games|South Asian Federation games]] being held in India.
|-
!17
!2016
!28 February
!<ref>{{Cite web|date=28 February 2016|title=English rendering of the text of Prime Minister's 'Mann Ki Baat' on All India Radio|url=https://pib.gov.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=137228|access-date=2019-12-27|website=pib.gov.in|archive-date=27 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191227115516/https://pib.gov.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx%3Frelid%3D137228|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| colspan="4" |PM Modi shared my his thoughts on examinations and related issues. [[Sachin Tendulkar]], chess champion [[Viswanathan Anand|Vishwanathan Anand]] and spiritual leader [[Morari Bapu]] also shared their thoughts on the topic for the listeners. Modi also took the examples of [[Srinivasa Ramanujan|Srinivas Ramanujam]] and [[J. K. Rowling|J.K. Rowling]]. Modi continued by saying students should not worry about "How much did I score?" but to focus on the greater things in life. He read various messages that had been sent to him. Modi also talked about the Government's decision to install a [[Laser Interferometer Gravitational wave Observatory|Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory]] (LIGO) in India ([[Indian Initiative in Gravitational-wave Observations|INDIGO]]).
|-
!18
!2016
!27 March
!<ref>{{Cite news|date=27 March 2016|title=English rendering of the text of PM's "Mann Ki Baat" programme on All India Radio|work=Press Information Bureau|url=https://pib.gov.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=138364|access-date=27 December 2019|archive-date=27 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191227121525/https://pib.gov.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx%3Frelid%3D138364|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| colspan="4" |PM Modi started off by extending warmest of greetings to everybody for [[Easter]]. Modi talked about sports, the T-20 Cricket World Cup, how India would be hosting the [[FIFA U-17 World Cup|FIFA Under-17 World Cup]], football leagues such as the [[English Premier league|English Premier League]], [[Copa de la Liga|Spanish League]] and the [[Indian Super League]] matches. Modi went on to thank [[Coal India]] and talk about Eco-friendly Mine-tourism. Sounds bytes from Abhi Chaturvedi, Shilpa Kukke were played. [[Digital India]], the Kisan Mela, 'Farmers' Fair', World Health Day and free Microscopy Centres to get a health checkup. Modi ended by wishing everybody an auspicious New Year, [[Vikram Samvat]], [[Gudi Padwa|Gudi Padva]], [[Ugadi]].
|-
!19
!2016
!24 April
!<ref>{{Cite web|title=English rendering of the Text of PM's 'Mann Ki Baat' programme on All India Radio (April 24, 2016)|url=https://pib.gov.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=141140|access-date=2019-12-27|website=pib.gov.in|archive-date=27 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191227123947/https://pib.gov.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx%3Frelid%3D141140|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| colspan="4" |Modi started off by talking about water shortage problems in various areas of the country and how the citizens are making efforts to correct this. The effort to clean the Ganga was also talked about; whether it is possible or not. Modi also talked about this day being known as ''Panchayati Raj Day'' and how 14 April had been [[Ambedkar Jayanti|Babasaheb Ambedkar's]] birthday. The NCC, NSS and the Bharat Scouts and Guides, Red Cross and the Nehru Yuva Kendra were also talked about. Modi mentioned a listeners comment of how only negative things are highlighted by the media.
|-
!20
!2016
!22 May
!<ref>{{Cite web|title=English rendering of the Text of PM's 'Mann Ki Baat' Programme on All India Radio on 22.05.2016|url=https://pib.gov.in/newsite/mbErel.aspx?relid=145539|access-date=2019-12-27|website=pib.gov.in|archive-date=27 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191227123956/https://pib.gov.in/newsite/mbErel.aspx%3Frelid%3D145539|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=22 May 2016|title=Mann Ki Baat: PM Modi calls for protection of environment|url=https://www.firstpost.com/india/mann-ki-baat-pm-modi-calls-for-protection-of-environment-2793336.html|url-status=live|access-date=2020-01-23|website=Firstpost|archive-date=8 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210308023400/https://www.firstpost.com/india/mann-ki-baat-pm-modi-calls-for-protection-of-environment-2793336.html}}</ref>
|-
| colspan="4" |Water conversation, the board exams, mobile banking, sports and the Olympic games and the coming [[International Day of Yoga|International Day for Yoga]] were talked about.
|-
!21
!2016
!26 June
!<ref>{{Cite web|title=English Rendering of Text of PM's "Mann Ki Baat" programme on All India Radio on June 26, 2016|url=https://pib.gov.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=146528|access-date=2020-01-23|website=pib.gov.in|archive-date=18 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200518115000/https://pib.gov.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=146528|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=26 June 2020|title=On Mann Ki Baat, PM Recalls Emergency, Says 'Democracy Is Our Strength'|url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/pm-narendra-modi-addresses-nation-on-mann-ki-baat-highlights-1423496|url-status=live|access-date=2020-01-23|website=NDTV|archive-date=14 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190914082208/https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/pm-narendra-modi-addresses-nation-on-mann-ki-baat-highlights-1423496}}</ref>
|-
| colspan="4" |Modi talked about how the rains have started in parts of the nation and wished all the farmers for the Monsoon. Scientists were also talked about, including college students who made a satellite that had recently been launched. Modi talked that from the results of the recent examination shows how well ''<nowiki/>'[[Beti Bachao, Beti Padhao Yojana|Beti Bachao, Beti Padhao]]''' is doing. Modi also praised officers [[Avani Chaturvedi]], [[Bhawana Kanth]] and [[Mohana Singh Jitarwal|Mohana Singh]]. 25–26 June 1975, [[The Emergency (India)|the Emergency]], was also brought up and how democracy is India's strength and talked about related issues such as how public participation is essential in a democracy. He also talked about a government scheme related to undisclosed incomes.
|-
!22
!2016
!31 July
!<ref>{{Cite web|title=English rendering of PM's 'Mann Ki Baat' programme on All India Radio on 31.07.2016|url=https://pib.gov.in/newsite/mbErel.aspx?relid=148080|access-date=2020-01-25|website=pib.gov.in|archive-date=25 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200125064417/https://pib.gov.in/newsite/mbErel.aspx%3Frelid%3D148080|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| colspan="4" |PM Modi said that the "Future will be technology driven, embrace it." He also said that the key to future is technology and to lead, one must innovate and participate in nation building process. Modi also talked about the [[Atal Innovation Mission]] (AIM) and the death anniversary of President [[A. P. J. Abdul Kalam|Abdul Kalam]]. Various health issues were also talked about.
|-
!23
!2016
!28 August
!<ref>{{Cite web|title=English Translation of the text of PM's 'Mann Ki Baat' Programme on All India Radio on August 28, 2016|url=https://pib.gov.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=149278|access-date=2020-01-25|website=pib.gov.in|archive-date=25 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200125064412/https://pib.gov.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx%3Frelid%3D149278|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=PM Narendra Modi Addresses The Nation On 'Mann Ki Baat': Highlights|url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/pm-narendra-modi-addresses-the-nation-on-mann-ki-baat-1451224|url-status=live|access-date=2020-01-25|website=NDTV|archive-date=25 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200125064412/https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/pm-narendra-modi-addresses-the-nation-on-mann-ki-baat-1451224}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=From Rio to Kashmir: PM Modi's Mann Ki Baattouches base with what ails India|url=https://www.firstpost.com/india/from-rio-to-kashmir-narendra-modis-mann-ki-baat-touches-base-with-what-ails-india-today-2980146.html|access-date=2020-01-25|website=Firstpost|date=28 August 2016 |archive-date=25 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200125113424/https://www.firstpost.com/india/from-rio-to-kashmir-narendra-modis-mann-ki-baat-touches-base-with-what-ails-india-today-2980146.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| colspan="4" |Modi talked about how he got a lot of messages from listeners regarding sports. He mentioned that 29 August was National Sports Day, a tribute to [[Dhyan Chand]]. Dr. [[Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan|Sarvapalli Radhakrishnan]] was also mentioned. Modi praised those who did well in the [[2016 Summer Olympics|Rio Olympics]] such as [[Dipa Karmakar]], [[Lalita Babar]], [[Abhinav Bindra]] and [[Vikas Krishan Yadav]]. Modi also talked about Kashmir and mentioned how if a life is lost in Kashmir, a youth or security persons, that loss is India's loss.
|-
!24
!2016
!25 September
!<ref>{{Cite news |date=2016-09-25 |title=PM Modi's Mann Ki Baat: Highlights |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/pm-modis-mann-ki-baat-highlights/articleshow/54506379.cms |access-date=2024-04-25 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=25 September 2016 |title=Anger Over Uri Attack Similar To The One In 1965, PM Modi In Mann Ki Baat |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/anger-over-uri-attack-similar-to-the-one-in-1965-pm-modi-in-mann-ki-baat-1466181 |access-date=2024-04-25 |website=NDTV.com}}</ref>
|-
| colspan="4" |The [[2016 Uri attack|Uri Attack]] was mentioned, the 18 martyred soldiers were given a tribute and that the culprits would be revenged.
|-
!25
!2016
!30 October
!<ref>{{Cite web |date=30 October 2016 |editor-last=Lalotra |editor-first=Gautam |title=PM Modi's 'Maan Ki Baat', Key Highlights: PM expresses Diwali greetings and hails defence forces sacrifices |url=https://english.newsnationtv.com/india/news/watch-live-pm-narendra-modi-mann-ki-baat-149565.html |access-date=2024-04-25 |website=News Nation English |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| colspan="4" |PM Modi greets listeners a happy Diwali. This month's episode sees citizens from various corners of the nation addressing their questions and suggestions to PM Modi. He talked about the hashtag Sandesh2Soldiers.
|-
!26
!2016
!27 November
!<ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-11-27 |title=Mann Ki BaatLIVE: Take a pledge, become a part of cashless economy, says PM Modi |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-news-india/mann-ki-baat-live-updates-narendra-modi-demonetisation-4397510/ |access-date=2024-04-25 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| colspan="4" |Modi talks about India's commitment towards [[2016 Indian banknote demonetisation|demonetisation]]. Also he shared some cases, wherein people adopted creative techniques to tackle the discomfort of demonetisation. PM assured that these inconveniences are temporary and things will get back to normal soon. PM Modi announced that we should move to LESS-CASH society and suggested people to adopt e-banking and mobile banking techniques for its achievement. He requested students and youth, which make up to 65% of total population of India, to educate the illiterate and poor people of India about the advantages of the same.
|-
!27
!2016
!25 December
!<ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-12-25 |title=Narendra Modi's Mann Ki Baat: Focus on digital payments, e-banking schemes |url=https://www.firstpost.com/politics/narendra-modis-mann-ki-baat-focus-on-digital-payments-e-banking-schemes-3172834.html |access-date=2024-04-25 |website=Firstpost |language=en-us}}</ref>
|-
| colspan="4" |The PM talked about digital banking and a cashless economy.
|}

====List of episodes in 2017====
{| class="wikitable"
!No.
!Year
!Date
!Ref.
|- bgcolor="#F2F2F2" align="center"
!28
!2017
!29 January
!<ref>{{Cite web |date=29 January 2017 |title=English rendering of the text of PM's 'Mann Ki Baat' address on All India Radio on 29.01.2017 |url=https://pib.gov.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=157747 |access-date=2024-04-20 |website=pib.gov.in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-01-30 |title=PM Modi's message to students in Mann Ki Baat: 'smile more to score more' |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/pm-modi-mann-ki-baat-students-smile-more-score-4498071/ |access-date=2024-04-20 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| colspan="4" |Modi talks about the mindsets that the youth should possess about exams.
|-
!29
!2017
!26 February
!<ref>{{Cite news |date=2017-02-26 |title=Mann Ki Baat: India scripts world record, PM Narendra Modi congratulates ISRO |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/mann-ki-baat-india-scripts-world-record-pm-narendra-modi-congratulates-isro/articleshow/57354562.cms |access-date=2024-04-20 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
| colspan="4" |Prime Minister appreciated ISRO's recent achievements. He says, "The world has taken notice of India's achievements. This cost effective, efficient space programme of ISRO has become a marvel for the entire world. Modi also mentioned about Digidhan Fought Corruption and requested citizens to promote BHIM, which is a Mobile App developed by National Payments Corporation of India (NPCI)."
|-
!30
!2017
!26 March
!<ref>{{Cite news |last=Saxena |first=Shivani |date=2017-03-26 |title=PM's 'Mann Ki Baat' airs phone call by class XI student from Dehradun |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/dehradun/pms-mann-ki-baat-airs-phone-call-by-class-xi-student-from-dehradun/articleshow/57843409.cms |access-date=2024-04-20 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref name=":6">{{Cite web |date=2017-05-28 |title=PM Modi's five Mann Ki Baatepisodes in 2017: Here is what he focused on |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/prime-minister-narendra-modi-five-mann-ki-baat-episodes-in-2017-here-is-what-he-focused-on-4677711/ |access-date=2024-05-13 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| colspan="4" |Topics covered cleanliness, sports and health. The PM urged people to shift to digital payments.
|-
!31
!2017
!30 April
!<ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-04-30 |title=Mann Ki Baat, 30 April, 2017: Narendra Modi talks about VIP culture, says 'every person is important' |url=https://www.firstpost.com/india/mann-ki-baat-30-april-2017-narendra-modi-talks-about-vip-culture-says-every-person-is-important-3414756.html |access-date=2024-04-20 |website=Firstpost |language=en-us}}</ref><ref name=":6" />
|-
| colspan="4" |Topics covered included Easter wishes, thinking out of the box culture, VIP culture, food wastage. The PM urged the youth to do new things during their summer vacations. Other topics raised were climate change and rising temperatures.
|-
!32
!2017
!28 May
!<ref>{{Cite web |date=28 May 2017 |title=English rendering of the text of PM's 'Mann Ki Baat' programme on All India Radio on 28.05.2017 |url=https://pib.gov.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=162200 |access-date=2024-04-20 |website=pib.gov.in}}</ref>
|-
| colspan="4" |Topics covered included Ramzan, birthday of [[Veer Savarkar]], yoga, cleanliness, peaceful coexistence.
|-
!33
!2017
!25 June
!<ref>{{Cite web |last=Singh |first=Manisha |date=25 June 2017 |title=PM Modis Mann Ki Baat: As it happened on June 25, 2017 |url=https://zeenews.india.com/india/live-updates/pm-narendra-modis-mann-ki-baat-2018354 |access-date=2024-04-20 |website=Zee News |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| colspan="4" |Topics covered included sports and how children should be motivated to play a sport if they are naturally good at it. Other topics included praise for ISRO scientists, yoga and democracy.
|-
!34
!2017
!30 July
!<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mann Ki Baat, July 2017 |url=https://www.narendramodi.in/mann-ki-baat |website=narendramodi.in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Kaushal |first=Ravi |date=30 July 2017 |title=Mann Ki Baat: Let's Pledge to Take India to Greater Heights, Says PM Narendra Modi; Highlights |url=https://www.india.com/news/india/mann-ki-baat-lets-pledge-to-take-india-to-greater-heights-till-2022-says-pm-narendra-modi-highlights-2363193/ |access-date=2024-05-13 |website=www.india.com |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| colspan="4" |PM Modi covered the impact of floods across India and the performance by the Indian Women's cricket team. Topics covered included GST, and history of India. He invited people to suggest a topic which he could include in his Independence Day speech.
|-
!35
!2017
!27 August
!<ref>{{Cite web |title=मन की बात / Mann Ki Baat |url=https://pmonradio.nic.in/archives.html# |access-date=2024-04-20 |website=pmonradio.nic.in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=27 August 2017 |title=English rendering of the text of PM's 'Mann Ki Baat' programme on All India Radio on 27.08.2017 |url=https://pib.gov.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=170253 |access-date=2024-04-20 |website=pib.gov.in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2017-08-27 |title=Mann Ki Baat Highlights: 'No Room for Violence in Name of Faith' |url=https://www.thequint.com/india/2017/08/27/pm-modi-mann-ki-baat-dss |access-date=2024-05-13 |website=TheQuint |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| colspan="4" |Mention of Paryushan Parva and other festivals. PM Modi talked about bargaining with poor shopkeepers, [[Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana]], Teachers’ Day, cleanliness and sports.
|-
!36
!2017
!24 September
!<ref>{{Cite web |date=24 September 2017 |title=English rendering of PMs address in 36th episode of Mann Ki Baat on All India Radio, 24 September 2017 |url=https://pib.gov.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=171064 |access-date=2024-04-20 |website=pib.gov.in}}</ref>
|-
| colspan="4" |PM Modi spoke about the number of ideas he receives from people all over India. He talked about how topics talked in previous editions of Mann Ki Baat have turned out successfully. This includes 'Selfie with Daughter', 'Incredible India' and an increase in khadi sales. He also talked about the efforts towards cleanliness by individuals. He also talked about the educational potential of tourism within the country.
|-
!37
!2017
!29 October
!<ref>{{Cite web |date=29 October 2017 |editor-last=Varma |editor-first=Shylaja |title=Mann Ki Baat Highlights: PM Narendra Modi Addresses Nation On Monthly Radio Programme |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/mann-ki-baat-highlights-pm-modi-addresses-nation-on-monthly-radio-programme-1768436 |access-date=2024-04-23 |website=NDTV.com}}</ref>
|-
| colspan="4" |After wishing [[Chhath Puja]] and talking about Children's Day, Diwali, he went on to cover multiple topics such as Khadi, soldiers, [[Hansa Mehta]], peacekeeping operations as well as training peacekeepers, importance of sports, and Sardar Patel's anniversary.
|-
!38
!2017
!26 November
!<ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-11-26 |title=Mann Ki Baathighlights: PM Narendra Modi salutes 26/11 attack martyrs |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/mann-ki-baat-live-updates-narendra-modi-chai-ke-saath-bjp-congress-gujarat-assembly-elections-4954942/ |access-date=2024-04-23 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| colspan="4" |Multiple topics were covered such as Eid e Milad un Nabi, he praised disabled achievers, soil health card, he praised the martyrs and survivors of the Mumbai attacks, praised soldiers and mentioned how he had got time to visit them during Diwali celebrations.
|-
!39
!2017
!31 December
!<ref>{{Cite web |date=31 December 2017 |title=English rendering of PM's address in Mann Ki Baat on 31.12.2017 |url=https://pib.gov.in/Pressreleaseshare.aspx?PRID=1514786 |access-date=2024-04-23 |website=pib.gov.in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-12-21 |title=PM Modi's last 'Mann Ki Baat' of 2017 on December 31 |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/narendra-modi-mann-ki-baat-ideas-4992450/ |access-date=2024-04-23 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| colspan="4" |Modi talks about cleanliness, separation of garbage, registration and importance of new millennial voters, and his dream for a new India and the role of positivity in bringing about change.
|}

====List of episodes in 2018====
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!No.
!Year
!Date
!Ref.
|-
!40
!2018
!28 January
!<ref>{{Cite web |date=28 January 2018 |editor-last=Marwaha |editor-first=Nonika |title=Mann Ki Baat Highlights: Women Setting New Milestones, Says PM Narendra Modi |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/mann-ki-baat-january-2018-highlights-of-pm-narendra-modis-radio-address-to-the-nation-1805411 |access-date=2024-04-23 |website=NDTV.com}}</ref>
|-
| colspan="4" |Mentioned how 10 nations attended Republic Day, how women are excelling, inspiration such as [[Kalpana Chawla]], and the Padma Awards. He shared how a listener came to know of a government scheme called ''Pradhan Mantri Jan Aushadhi Yojana'' and another listener mentioned Mission Clean Morna River.
|-
!41
!2018
!25 February
!<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2018-02-25 |title=Watch Live: PM Modi Addresses 41st Edition of 'Mann Ki Baat' |url=https://www.thequint.com/news/politics/pm-modi-addresses-41st-edition-of-mann-ki-baat |url-access=subscription |access-date=2024-04-23 |website=TheQuint |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=25 February 2018 |title=English rendering of PM's address in Mann Ki Baat Programme (Episode -41, 25 February 2018) |url=https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1521626 |access-date=2024-04-23 |website=pib.gov.in}}</ref>
|-
| colspan="4" |PM Modi begins with science related points, mention of National Science Day, [[Bharat Ratna]] and Nobel Prize awardee Sir C. V. Raman. Mention of National Safety Day, [[National Disaster Management Authority (India)|National Disaster Management Authority]]. Use of animal dung is covered. 'Trash Mahotsav' and [[International Women's Day]] and how electricity has reached the furthest of villages in [[Elephanta Island|Elephanta island]] is mentioned.
|-
!42
!2018
!25 March
!<ref>{{Cite news |title=In 'Mann Ki Baat', PM Modi Stresses on Preventive Healthcare |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/in-mann-ki-baat-pm-modi-stresses-on-preventive-healthcare-1828367 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180405024148/https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/in-mann-ki-baat-pm-modi-stresses-on-preventive-healthcare-1828367 |archive-date=5 April 2018 |access-date=2018-04-04 |work=NDTV.com}}</ref>
|-
| colspan="4" |Prime Minister talks about preventive healthcare. He suggested that yoga as a form of preventive healthcare and urged people to adopt it as soon as possible.
|-
!43
!2018
!29 April
!<ref>{{Cite news |date=2018-04-29 |title=PM Modi shares his 'Mann Ki Baat': Highlights |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/pm-modi-shares-his-mann-ki-baat-highlights/articleshow/63958344.cms |access-date=2024-04-23 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-04-29 |title=Mann Ki Baathighlights: Govt leaving no stone unturned towards water conservation, says PM Modi |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/mann-ki-baat-live-updates-pm-narendra-modi-5155669/ |access-date=2024-04-23 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| colspan="4" |The PM congratulates [[2018 Commonwealth Games|Commonwealth Games 2018]] winners. Mentions [[Fit India Movement|Fit India movement]] and yoga. Mentions Swachh Bharat Summer Internship, need to conserve water, [[Ramadan|Ramzan]] and [[Buddha's Birthday|Buddha Purnima]].
|-
!44
!2018
!27 May
!<ref>{{Cite web |last=PTI |date=2018-05-27 |title=Mann Ki Baat: PM Modi urges people to shun plastics |url=https://www.livemint.com/Politics/3uJ8bxqCAkGpe6m9vR2pEK/Mann-Ki-Baat-PM-Modi-urges-people-to-shun-plastics.html |access-date=2024-04-23 |website=mint |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2018-05-27 |title=Veer Savarkar a prolific poet, social reformer and courageous fighter: PM Modi in Mann Ki Baat |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/veer-savarkar-a-prolific-poet-social-reformer-and-courageous-fighter-pm-modi-in-mann-ki-baat/videoshow/64342202.cms |access-date=2024-04-23 |website=The Economic Times |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| colspan="4" |PM Modi talked about plastic pollution and asked people not to use low grade plastics. Mentioned [[World Environment Day]], planting saplings and ensuring their survival. PM Modi mentioned India's contribution to [[COP21]] and Paris agreements and India's initiative of [[International Solar Alliance]]. [[International Day of Yoga|International Yoga Day]] was also mentioned.
|-
!45
!2018
!24 June
!<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2018-06-24 |title=Highlights of PM Modi's Mann Ki Baat |url=https://www.thequint.com/news/india/pm-narendra-modi-mann-ki-baat-june-2018 |url-access=subscription |access-date=2024-04-23 |website=TheQuint |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=SPMRF |date=2018-06-24 |title=Salient Points of PM's "Mann Ki Baat" programme on All India Radio on 24 June, 2018 |url=https://spmrf.org/salient-points-of-pms-mann-ki-baat-programme-on-all-india-radio-on-24-june-2018/ |access-date=2024-04-25 |website=Dr. Syama Prasad Mookerjee Research Foundation |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2018-06-24 |title=Yoga ushering a wellness revolution, says PM Modi on Mann Ki Baat: Top quotes |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/yoga-ushering-a-wellness-revolution-says-pm-modi-on-mann-ki-baat-top-quotes/articleshow/64718232.cms |access-date=2024-04-25 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
| colspan="4" |PM Modi highlighted Yoga Day, mentioned how India's armed forces did Yoga on land, air and sea including at [[Siachen Glacier]]. [[Jallianwala Bagh massacre]] was mentioned as well as Afghanistan's first test match against India. Anniversary of Syama Prasad Mukherjee and GST were mentioned.
|-
!46
!2018
!29 July
!<ref>{{Cite news |date=2018-07-29 |title=PM Modi's 'Mann Ki Baat': Highlights |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/pm-modis-mann-ki-baat-highlights/articleshow/65183447.cms |access-date=2024-04-23 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=29 July 2018 |title=English rendering of PM's address in 46th episode of Mann Ki Baat on 29.07.2018 |url=https://pib.gov.in/Pressreleaseshare.aspx?PRID=1540528 |access-date=2024-04-23 |website=pib.gov.in}}</ref>
|-
| colspan="4" |PM Modi mentioned [[Ekta Bhyan]] and [[Hima Das]] winning in their respective sporting events. Mentioned [[Bal Gangadhar Tilak|Lokmanya Tilak]]'s death anniversary. He mentioned a number of saints such as Gyaneshwar and Namdev. Inspiring stories for students were shared. [[Thai cave rescue]] operation was mentioned. [[Guru Nanak]] and yoga were also mentioned.
|-
!47
!2018
!26 August
!<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-08-26 |title=Mann Ki BaatHIGHLIGHTS: India stands shoulder to shoulder with the people of Kerala in this hour of grief, says PM Modi |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/mann-ki-baat-live-updates-pm-modi-to-address-the-nation-at-11-am/ |access-date=2024-04-23 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| colspan="4" |For this episode PM Modi got a phone call in [[Sanskrit]]. He congratulated India's community of engineers. He praised [[2018 Asian Games]] winners. He mentioned the monsoon season of the Parliament and remembered PM [[Atal Bihari Vajpayee]]. PM Modi also spoke about the [[2018 Kerala floods]]. He also extended [[Krishna Janmashtami|Janmashtami]] greetings and [[Raksha Bandhan]] greetings
|-
!48
!2018
!30 September
!<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-09-30 |title=Mann Ki Baat HIGHLIGHTS: India committed to world peace but not at cost of self-respect, says PM Modi |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/pm-narendra-modi-mann-ki-baat-september-30-live-updates-5379977/ |access-date=2024-04-25 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Sharma |first=Priyanka |date=2018-09-30 |title=मन की बात में बोले PM मोदी- दुश्मनों को मिलेगा मुंहतोड़ जवाब |trans-title=PM Modi said in Mann Ki Baat – Enemies will get a befitting reply |url=https://www.aajtak.in/india/story/narendra-modi-mann-ki-baat-48th-edition-30-september-2018-lupdates-tedu-567008-2018-09-30 |access-date=2024-04-23 |website=आज तक |language=hi}}</ref>
|-
| colspan="4" |PM Modi spoke on a wide range of topics. He remembered the [[2016 Surgical Strike India|2016 surgical strikes]]. He mentioned [[Abhilash Tomy]] and the [[2022 Golden Globe Race|Golden Global Race]]. The role of the [[Indian Air Force]] in addressing the gender gap was also talked about. He also mentioned [[Mahatma Gandhi's birthday]].
|-
!49
!2018
!28 October
!<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-10-28 |title=Mann Ki Baat HIGHLIGHTS: PM Modi remembers Sardar Patel, appeals people to join 'Run for Unity' |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/pm-narendra-modi-mann-ki-baat-live-updates-october-28-5421883/ |access-date=2024-04-23 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2018-10-28 |title=Highlights from PM Narendra Modi's 49th edition of 'Mann Ki Baat' |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/highlights-from-pm-narendra-modis-49th-edition-of-mann-ki-baat/articleshow/66399433.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2024-04-23 |work=The Economic Times |issn=0013-0389}}</ref>
|-
| colspan="4" |A large range of topics were covered such as Run for Unity, that a [[Statue of Unity]] has been built to pay homage to Sardar Patel on his birth anniversary, [[Asian Para Games]] and [[stubble burning]].
|-
!50
!2018
!25 November
!<ref>{{Cite news |last=Mookerji |first=Nivedita |date=2018-11-25 |title=PM Modi to share 50th edition of 'Mann Ki Baat' today: What to expect |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/current-affairs/pm-modi-to-share-50th-edition-of-mann-ki-baat-today-what-to-expect-118112400582_1.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190821031348/https://www.business-standard.com/article/current-affairs/pm-modi-to-share-50th-edition-of-mann-ki-baat-today-what-to-expect-118112400582_1.html |archive-date=21 August 2019 |access-date=2019-11-26 |work=Business Standard India}}</ref>
|-
| colspan="4" |Modi's 50th 'Mann Ki Baat' address was all about his gratitude. He thanked and paid tribute to the makers of the Indian Constitution, especially [[B. R. Ambedkar|Dr BR Ambedkar]], saying he played a pivotal role in drafting the Constituent Assembly. The prime minister also paid a tribute to [[Guru Nanak|Guru Nanak Dev]] in the address.
|-
!51
!2018
!30 December
!<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-12-30 |title=Mann Ki Baat Highlights: 2018 a great year for India, says PM Modi |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/mann-ki-baat-live-pm-modi-to-address-the-nation-at-11-am-5515537/ |access-date=2024-04-23 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| colspan="4" |A number of topics were covered. Swacchh Bharat and free medical camps by Bjinor doctors. PM Modi also mentioned positive websites and Eat Right India campaign. He congratulated sportspersons for their success. PM Modi mentioned a large number of upcoming festivals such as [[Vishu]], [[Pongal (festival)|Pongal]], [[Lohri]], [[Makar Sankranti|Sankranti]] and [[Magh Bihu]]. He mentioned the launch of Sardar Patel Award and 150th birth anniversary of Mahatma Gandhi.
|}

====List of episodes in 2019====
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!No.
!Year
!Date
!Ref.
|-
!52
!2019
!27 January
!<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-01-27 |title=Live: Narendra Modi addresses nation in 52nd Mann Ki Baat, first of 2019 |url=https://www.wionews.com/india-news/live-pm-narendra-modi-addresses-52nd-edition-of-mann-ki-baat-193065 |access-date=2024-04-25 |website=WION |language=en-us}}</ref>
|-
| colspan="4" |PM Modi recalled achievements of 2018 including the launch of the health insurance scheme [[Ayushman Bharat Yojana|Ayushman Bharat]] and how [[Electricity sector in India|electricity]] has reached all of India's villages. PM Modi paid respect to [[Shivakumara Swami]]. He also talked about India's history and tributes to [[Subhas Chandra Bose]] and a museum to [[Jallianwala Bagh|Jalianwala Bagh]], Yaad-e-Jalian.
|-
!53
!2019
!24 February
!<ref>{{Cite news |date=2019-02-24 |title=PM Narendra Modi addresses Mann Ki Baat: Highlights |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/pm-narendra-modi-addresses-mann-ki-baat-highlights/articleshow/68135118.cms |access-date=2024-04-25 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=English rendering of PM's address in 53rd episode of Mann Ki Baat on 24.02.2019 |url=https://pib.gov.in/Pressreleaseshare.aspx?PRID=1566118 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191227123951/https://pib.gov.in/Pressreleaseshare.aspx%3FPRID%3D1566118 |archive-date=27 December 2019 |access-date=2019-12-27 |website=pib.gov.in}}</ref>
|-
| colspan="4" |A number of subjects were covered such as the [[Padma Awards]], Prime Minister [[Morarji Desai]]'s birth anniversary and the importance of the 44th Constitutional amendment during his tenure, [[Birsa Munda]], [[Jamsetji Tata]] and the Pulwama terror attack and '[[Pariksha Pe Charcha]]'. No Mann Ki Baat episodes aired in March, April, and May due to elections.
|}

===Season 2 (2019–2024)===

====List of episodes in 2019====
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!style="background: #0000FF; color: #ffffff; width:6%"| No.
!style="background: #0000FF; color: #ffffff; width:6%"| Year
!style="background: #0000FF; color: #ffffff; width:6%"| Date
!style="background: #0000FF; color: #ffffff; width:6%"| Ref.
|-
!54
!2019
!30 June
!<ref>{{Cite web |title=English rendering of PM's address in 'Mann Ki Baat 2.0'Programme on All India Radio (30.06.2019) |url=https://pib.gov.in/Pressreleaseshare.aspx?PRID=1576353 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191227123945/https://pib.gov.in/Pressreleaseshare.aspx%3FPRID%3D1576353 |archive-date=27 December 2019 |access-date=2019-12-27 |website=pib.gov.in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=30 June 2019 |title=Mann Ki BaatUpdates: PM Modi discusses Emergency, water crisis, yoga in first radio show |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/pm-modi-mann-ki-baat-live-updates-1558921-2019-06-30 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190701065941/https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/pm-modi-mann-ki-baat-live-updates-1558921-2019-06-30 |archive-date=1 July 2019 |access-date=1 July 2019 |website=India Today}}</ref>
|-
| colspan="4" |This was the first episode following the [[2019 Indian general election]], and the first episode of Season 2. PM Modi conveyed his thoughts about [[The Emergency (India)|The Emergency]], [[water scarcity in India]] and [[Yoga]].
|-
!55
!2019
!28 July
!<ref>{{URL|https://www.jagran.com/politics/national-prime-minister-narendra-modi-to-address-nation-via-mann-ki-baat-today-19439480.html|Maan Ki Baat Episode 55 Highlights}}</ref>
|-
| colspan="4" |On the second episode of Season 2, Modi talked about [[Chandrayaan-2]] as well as a new competition for students. He also encouraged the Indian youth to participate in a quiz{{Efn|The quiz was live from 10 August 2019 to 20 August 2019 (and then extended till 25 August 2019) on the MyGov app, with the winner congratulated and getting a chance to see a live landing of Chandrayaan-2 with Prime Minister Narendra Modi on 7 September at the Sriharikota space centre.|name=|group=}} on [[MyGov.in|MyGov]] about the developments of India in the areas of science and space.
|-
!56
!2019
!25 August
!<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-08-25 |title=Mann Ki Baat Highlights: Cordless device in Grylls' ear helped him understand my Hindi, PM reveals |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/mann-ki-baat-live-updates-pm-modi-begins-his-address/ |access-date=2024-04-25 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| colspan="4" |The Prime Minister spoked about various festivals in the next two months, about an art exhibition of Mahatma Gandhi at [[Venice Biennale]], Swachh Bharat, addressing malnutrition through initiatives such as 'Mutthi Bhar Dhaanya' initiative in Nashik district. He mentioned his [[Man vs. Wild]] episode and environmental challenges.
|-
!57
!2019
!29 September
!<ref>{{Cite web |title=English rendering of PM's address in 4th Episode of 'Mann Ki Baat 2.0' on 29.09.2019 |url=https://pib.gov.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=193491 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191227123945/https://pib.gov.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx%3Frelid%3D193491 |archive-date=27 December 2019 |access-date=2019-12-27 |website=pib.gov.in}}</ref>
|-
| colspan="4" |In this episode Modi shared a conversation with veteran singer [[Lata Mangeshkar]] in which he greeted her on the occasion of her birthday. Issues highlighted during the show were - helping the poor on the occasion of various festivals, getting rid of [[Single-use plastic|single use plastic]], [[Electronic cigarette|E-cigarette]] ban and [[Plogging]].
|-
!58
!2019
!27 October
!<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-11-24 |title=Mann Ki Baat Highlights: Country whole-heartedly welcomed verdict on Ram Mandir, says PM Modi |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/mann-ki-baat-pm-narendra-modi-live-updates-6134332/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200102064504/https://indianexpress.com/article/india/mann-ki-baat-pm-narendra-modi-live-updates-6134332/ |archive-date=2 January 2020 |access-date=2020-01-02 |website=The Indian Express |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
| colspan="4" |The PM spoke about the [[Ayodhya dispute|Ayodhya land dispute verdict of 2010]]. He recalled how efforts had been made to polarise the country but despite best efforts unity prevailed.
|-
!59
!2019
!24 November
!<ref>{{Cite web |title=English rendering of PM's address in the 6th Episode of 'Mann Ki Baat 2.0' on 24.11.2019 |url=https://pib.gov.in/Pressreleaseshare.aspx?PRID=1593284 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191227123950/https://pib.gov.in/Pressreleaseshare.aspx%3FPRID%3D1593284 |archive-date=27 December 2019 |access-date=2019-12-27 |website=pib.gov.in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=24 November 2019 |title=Mann Ki Baat: PM urges all schools to celebrate Fit India Week in December every year |url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/mann-ki-baat-pm-urges-all-schools-to-celebrate-fit-india-week/article30067150.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200102064505/https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/mann-ki-baat-pm-urges-all-schools-to-celebrate-fit-india-week/article30067150.ece |archive-date=2 January 2020 |access-date=2020-01-02 |website=The Hindu Business Line}}</ref>
|-
| colspan="4" |PM Modi thanked the citizens for accepting the Supreme Court's [[Ram Janmabhoomi]] verdict peacefully. he spoke about Fit India Week, [[National Cadet Corps (India)|National Cadet Corps]] (NCC) day, [[Armed Forces Flag Day]], [[Pushkaram]] festival and the efforts of [[Scuba diving|scuba divers]] in cleaning a beach in [[Visakhapatnam]].
|-
!60
!2019
!29 December
!<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-12-31 |title=Pune's love for stars, sky gazing finds mention in Mann Ki Baat|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/pune/punes-love-for-stars-sky-gazing-finds-mention-in-mann-ki-baat/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200101120128/https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/pune/punes-love-for-stars-sky-gazing-finds-mention-in-mann-ki-baat/ |archive-date=1 January 2020 |access-date=2020-01-01 |website=The Indian Express |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=29 December 2019 |title=PM Modi's last edition of Mann Ki Baat: Here are the top quotes from his speech |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/narendra-modi-last-edition-radio-programme-mann-ki-baat-top-quotes-speech-1632347-2019-12-29 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200101120127/https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/narendra-modi-last-edition-radio-programme-mann-ki-baat-top-quotes-speech-1632347-2019-12-29 |archive-date=1 January 2020 |access-date=2020-01-01 |website=India Today}}</ref>
|-
| colspan="4" |Modi talked about India moving ahead in astronomy, mentioning the [[Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics|Inter University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics]] (IUCAA) and [[National Centre for Radio Astrophysics|TIFR-National Centre for Radio Astrophysics]] (NCRA) among other institutions; and also talked about star gazing. Talking about the role of the youth in nation building, the PM said that "Our youth hate anarchy, instability and disorder and dislike casteism and nepotism."
|}

====List of episodes in 2020====
{| class="wikitable"
!No.
!Year
!Date
!Ref.
|-
!61
!2020
!26 January
!<ref>{{Cite web |last=Varma |first=Gyan |date=2020-01-26 |title='Can do' sentiment is growing fast into a mass movement: PM Narendra Modi |url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/mann-ki-baat-violence-can-never-solve-any-problem-says-modi-11580046868277.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200127070058/https://www.livemint.com/news/india/mann-ki-baat-violence-can-never-solve-any-problem-says-modi-11580046868277.html |archive-date=27 January 2020 |access-date=2020-01-27 |website=Livemint |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=PTI |title=Violence, Weapons Cannot Resolve Issues: PM Modi On "Mann Ki Baat" |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/prime-minister-narendra-modi-on-mann-ki-baat-violence-weapons-cannot-resolve-issues-2170011 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200127070121/https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/prime-minister-narendra-modi-on-mann-ki-baat-violence-weapons-cannot-resolve-issues-2170011 |archive-date=27 January 2020 |access-date=2020-01-27 |website=NDTV}}</ref>
|-
| colspan="4" |Modi said violence is not the solution, and those who have adopted it should come back to the mainstream and have faith in the ability to sort out issues peacefully. Modi also talked about the resettlement of the [[Reang|Bru-Reang]] refugees and sports.
|-
!62
!2020
!23 February
!<ref>{{Cite web |date=23 February 2020 |title=Mann Ki Baat Highlights: PM Modi says 3 lakh artisans gained employment opportunities through Hunar Haat |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/mann-ki-baat-live-streaming-february-2020-pm-narendra-modi-radio-speech-all-india-radio/1876255/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200329052350/https://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/mann-ki-baat-live-streaming-february-2020-pm-narendra-modi-radio-speech-all-india-radio/1876255/ |archive-date=29 March 2020 |access-date=29 March 2020}}</ref>
|-
| colspan="4" |PM Modi urged people to visit Hunar Haat near India Gate in Delhi. He said that nearly three lakh artisans have gained opportunities of employment through the fest.
|-
!63
!2020
!29 March
!<ref>{{Cite news |title=Mann Ki Baat today: PM Narendra Modi to focus on prevailing Covid-19 situation in 'Mann Ki Baat' today | India News - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/pm-to-focus-on-prevailing-covid-19-situation-in-mann-ki-baat-today/articleshow/74869903.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200329060453/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/pm-to-focus-on-prevailing-covid-19-situation-in-mann-ki-baat-today/articleshow/74869903.cms |archive-date=29 March 2020 |access-date=29 March 2020 |website=The Times of India|date=29 March 2020 }}</ref>
|-
| colspan="4" |PM Modi focused on the [[COVID-19 pandemic in India]].
|-
!64
!2020
!26 April
!<ref>{{Cite web |date=26 April 2020 |title=Mann Ki Baat: PM Narendra Modi Mann Ki Baatspeech: Highlights |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/prime-minister-narendra-modis-mann-ki-baat-address-key-points/articleshow/75386271.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200531235444/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/prime-minister-narendra-modis-mann-ki-baat-address-key-points/articleshow/75386271.cms |archive-date=31 May 2020 |access-date=2020-05-31 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| colspan="4" |PM Modi focused on the actions and contributions of Indian citizens in fighting the COVID-19 pandemic. He praised farmers for maintaining food demands. Modi emphasized on the practice of wearing masks as the new normal. The government's COVID Warriors website was also mentioned in addition to the 12.5 million volunteers who have joined.
|-
!65
!2020
!31 May
!<ref>{{Cite web |date=31 May 2020 |title=PM Modi's Mann Ki Baat Highlights: Large part of economy active now, time to be more careful, says PM |url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/india/pm-narendra-modi-mann-ki-baat-live-updates-coronavirus-lockdown-extension-lockdown-5-may-31-covid-19-5338011.html |access-date=26 April 2024 |website=Moneycontrol}}</ref>
|-
| colspan="4" |India's success in tackling covid, the lifting of restrictions on travel, the need to still maintain distance and covid 19 protocols such as wearing a mask. He talked about harvesting rainwater, [[Cyclone Amphan]] and a recent [[2019–2022 locust infestation|locust attack]].
|-
!66
!2020
!28 June
!<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-06-28 |editor-last=Sarkar |editor-first=Shankhyaneel |title=PM Modi's 'Mann Ki Baat' highlights: 'Learn from the experiences of your grandparents', PM tells children |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/pm-modi-s-address-to-the-nation-in-66th-episode-of-mann-ki-baat/story-h1sZShMSIY2Ty7Y15nXHaL.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200628060052/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/pm-modi-s-address-to-the-nation-in-66th-episode-of-mann-ki-baat/story-h1sZShMSIY2Ty7Y15nXHaL.html |archive-date=28 June 2020 |access-date=2020-06-28 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| colspan="4" |PM Modi talked about [[Self-reliant India|self-reliance]], Galwan, migrant workers and the pandemic among other things. He requested the young listeners to interview their grandparents.
|-
!67
!2020
!26 July
!<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-07-26 |title=Mann Ki BaatLIVE Updates: PM Modi to Address Nation Shortly, Remembers Courage of Soldiers on Kargil Vijay Diwas |url=https://www.news18.com/news/india/mann-ki-baat-live-updates-prime-minister-narendra-modi-to-address-nation-today-at-11am-2735407.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200726054945/https://www.news18.com/news/india/mann-ki-baat-live-updates-prime-minister-narendra-modi-to-address-nation-today-at-11am-2735407.html |archive-date=26 July 2020 |access-date=2020-07-26 |website=News18}}</ref>
|-
| colspan="4" |With regard to [[Kargil Vijay Diwas]], "On this day, we defeated Pakistan [...] India wanted good relations with pakistan, but that did not happen." Modi also spoke about the pandemic and [[Madhubani art|madhubani]] masks. Topics such as sports and entrepreneurship were also covered.
|-
!68
!2020
!30 August
!<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sharma |first=Swati |date=30 August 2020 |title=Sense of Discipline Among People Due To Covid Situation, Says PM Modi: Highlights |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/prime-minister-narendra-modi-addresses-nation-on-mann-ki-baat-highlights-2287462 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200830081530/https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/prime-minister-narendra-modi-addresses-nation-on-mann-ki-baat-highlights-2287462 |archive-date=30 August 2020 |access-date=2020-08-30 |website=NDTV}}</ref>
|-
| colspan="4" |Topics covered included [[Onam]], apps and toys made in India, [[List of Teachers' Days|Teachers' Day]] and working dogs in the security forces.
|-
!69
!2020
!27 September
!<ref>{{Cite web |date=27 September 2020 |title=PM Narendra Modi's 'Mann Ki Baat' address: Key points {{!}} India News - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/pm-narendra-modis-mann-ki-baat-address-key-points/articleshow/78344158.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200927212642/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/pm-narendra-modis-mann-ki-baat-address-key-points/articleshow/78344158.cms |archive-date=27 September 2020 |access-date=2020-09-27 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| colspan="4" |PM Modi talked about storytelling in India; [[Hitopadesha]] and [[Panchatantra]]. Farmers were also talked about. The anniversary of the surgical strikes were also mentioned.
|-
!70
!2020
!25 October
!<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2020-10-25 |editor-last=Chaturvedi |editor-first=Amit |title='People need to show patience while celebrating festivals during Covid-19': PM Modi on Mann Ki Baat |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/people-need-to-show-patience-while-celebrating-festivals-during-covid-19-pm-modi-on-mann-ki-baat/story-5QrkishZroHwl5mDQqB6bJ.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201025110952/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/people-need-to-show-patience-while-celebrating-festivals-during-covid-19-pm-modi-on-mann-ki-baat/story-5QrkishZroHwl5mDQqB6bJ.html |archive-date=25 October 2020 |access-date=2020-10-25 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| colspan="4" |PM Modi talked about festivals and to remember to be '[[Vocal for Local|vocal for local]]' when buying gifts. [[Khadi]], [[Mallakhamba]], pencil making in Pulwama, soldiers along the border were also mentioned.
|-
!71
!2020
!29 November
!<ref>{{Cite web |last=न्यूज़ |first=एबीपी |date=2020-11-29 |title=मन की बात: PM मोदी ने कहा- 'नए कृषि कानून से किसानों को उनके अधिकार मिले' |url=https://www.abplive.com/news/india/pm-modi-addresses-the-nation-on-mann-ki-baat-29th-nov-2020-1658240 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210114152044/https://www.abplive.com/news/india/pm-modi-addresses-the-nation-on-mann-ki-baat-29th-nov-2020-1658240 |archive-date=14 January 2021 |access-date=2021-01-13 |website=www.abplive.com |language=hi}}</ref>
|-
| colspan="4" |PM Modi talked about the [[Prakash Paranjape|550th Prakash Parv]] of [[Guru Nanak|Guru Nanak Ji]].
|-
!72
!2020
!27 December
!<ref>{{Cite web |title=PM's address in the 19th Episode of 'Mann Ki Baat 2.0' |url=https://www.pmindia.gov.in/en/tag/mann-ki-baat/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210114154003/https://www.pmindia.gov.in/en/tag/mann-ki-baat/ |archive-date=14 January 2021 |access-date=2021-01-13 |website=www.pmindia.gov.in |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| colspan="4" |
|}

====List of episodes in 2021====
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!No.
!Year
!Date
!Ref.
|-
!73
!2021
!31 January
!<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=31 January 2021 |editor-last=Sanyal |editor-first=Anindita |title="India Was Saddened By Insult To Tricolour On Republic Day": PM Modi |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/pm-modi-on-mann-ki-baat-says-india-was-saddened-by-insult-to-tricolour-on-republic-day-2360677 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210131065342/https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/pm-modi-on-mann-ki-baat-says-india-was-saddened-by-insult-to-tricolour-on-republic-day-2360677 |archive-date=31 January 2021 |access-date=2021-01-31 |website=NDTV}}</ref>
|-
| colspan="4" |Topics covered included the [[2020–2021 Indian farmers' protest|farmers' protest]], the vaccination drive against COVID-19, and the [[Indian cricket team in Australia in 2020–21|Indian cricket team performance in Australia]].
|-
!74
!2021
!28 February
!<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-02-28 |title=PM Modi 'Mann Ki Baat' Highlights: 'Aatmanirbhar Bharat not just govt policy, it's national spirit,' says PM |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/pm-narendra-modi-mann-ki-baat-live-updates-7208013/ |access-date=2024-04-25 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2021-02-28 |title=PM Narendra Modi's Mann Ki Baataddress: Highlights |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/pm-narendra-modis-mann-ki-baat-address-highlights/articleshow/81253979.cms |access-date=2024-04-25 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=28 February 2021 |title=English rendering of PM's address in the 21st Episode of 'Mann Ki Baat 2.0' on 28.02.2021 |url=https://pib.gov.in/Pressreleaseshare.aspx?PRID=1701468 |access-date=2024-04-23 |website=pib.gov.in}}</ref>
|-
| colspan="4" |PM Modi mentioned how he has updated his book ''[[Exam Warriors]]''. A listener asked Modi if there is any regret he has and he said that it was not being able to learn Tamil language. Mentioned National Science Day, [[Atmanirbhar Bharat]] and 'Lab to Land' tagline. He mentioned the environmental efforts by the temples of Assam and how water conservation and minimal interference has helped conserve birds at [[Kaziranga National Park]].
|-
!75
!2021
!28 March
!<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-03-28 |title=Mann Ki Baat Today 28 March 2021: What all PM Narendra Modi said in his popular radio programme - All details here |url=https://www.zeebiz.com/india/news-mann-ki-baat-today-live-28-march-2021-pm-narendra-modi-is-addressing-the-nation-through-his-popular-radio-programme-watch-catch-latest-updates-153723 |access-date=2024-04-23 |website=Zee Business}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Staff Writer |date=2021-03-28 |title=Modernisation in agriculture is need of hour, already lost lot of time: PM Modi |url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/modern-practices-in-agriculture-need-of-hour-already-lost-lot-of-time-pm-modi-in-mann-ki-baat-11616911628190.html |access-date=2024-04-25 |website=mint |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Kuruvilla |first=Anu C. |date=2021-03-29 |title=St Teresa's 'toys from waste' earns praise in PM Modi's Mann Ki Baat |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/good-news/2021/Mar/29/st-teresas-toys-from-waste-earnspraise-inpm-modis-mann-ki-baat-2282904.html |access-date=2024-04-25 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| colspan="4" |PM Modi talked about the episode being the 75th episode and how far Mann Ki Baat has come. He talked about coronavirus and the impact it has had on Indian society. He mentioned [[Mithali Raj|Mitali Raaj]]'s achievements, how [[Lighthouse|light houses]] can be connected to tourism, bee farming, documentation of [[Karbi language]] and [[World Sparrow Day]]. Toys made by [[St. Teresa's College]] in Kochi, Kerala were praised. He talked about festivals and the upcoming Easter.
|-
!76
!2021
!25 April
!<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-04-25 |title=In 'Mann Ki Baat', PM Modi says biggest priority is to defeat Covid-19 |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/narendra-modi-mann-ki-baat-april-2021-coronavirus-pandemic-second-wave-7288208/ |access-date=2024-04-23 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| colspan="4" |PM Modi talked about coronavirus and the need to get vaccinated.
|-
!77
!2021
!30 May
!<ref>{{Cite web |date=30 May 2021 |title=PM's address in the 77th Episode of 'Mann Ki Baat' |url=https://www.pmindia.gov.in/en/news_updates/pms-address-in-the-77th-episode-of-mann-ki-baat/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709190118/https://www.pmindia.gov.in/en/news_updates/pms-address-in-the-77th-episode-of-mann-ki-baat/ |archive-date=9 July 2021 |access-date=2021-07-09 |website=www.pmindia.gov.in |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2021-05-30 |title=Prime Minister Narendra Modi addresses 'Mann Ki Baat': Highlights |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/prime-minister-narendra-modi-addresses-mann-ki-baat-key-points/articleshow/83081916.cms |access-date=2024-04-26 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
| colspan="4" |Various topics were covered such as coronavirus, oxygen shortage, scaling of Covid testing labs and tests, [[cyclone Amphan]] and [[Cyclone Nisarga|cyclone Nisarg]], and a record of farming production, Kisan Rail, and seven years of government.
|-
!78
!2021
!27 June
!<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-06-27 |title=Shun vaccine hesitancy, conserve water: PM Modi's advice in 'Mann Ki Baat' radio address |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/mann-ki-baat-live-updates-pm-modi-78th-edition-monthly-radio-address-sunday-101624770280233.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210725035112/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/mann-ki-baat-live-updates-pm-modi-78th-edition-monthly-radio-address-sunday-101624770280233.html |archive-date=25 July 2021 |access-date=2021-07-25 |website=Hindustan Times}}</ref>
|-
| colspan="4" |Topics covered included [[2020 Summer Olympics|Tokyo Olympics]] and support for India's Olympians. Aspects connected to the ongoing pandemic were covered such as vaccine hesitancy and the role of doctors and other health workers.
|-
!79
!2021
!25 July
!<ref>{{Cite web |title=PM's address in the 79th Episode of 'Mann Ki Baat' |url=https://www.pmindia.gov.in/en/news_updates/pms-address-in-the-79th-episode-of-mann-ki-baat/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210726092336/https://www.pmindia.gov.in/en/news_updates/pms-address-in-the-79th-episode-of-mann-ki-baat/ |archive-date=26 July 2021 |access-date=2021-07-26 |website=www.pmindia.gov.in |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| colspan="4" |[[Kargil Vijay Diwas]] and the upcoming 75th Independence Day were mentioned. 3D printing, water conservation and a renovated Gurudwara in Singapore were talked about.
|-
!80
!2021
!29 August
!<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-08-29 |title=Mann Ki Baat Highlights: Sanskrit strengthens cultural ties, says PM Modi |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/mann-ki-baat-live-pm-modi-to-address-nation-shortly-101630210009668.html |access-date=2024-04-23 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2021-08-29 |title=Mann Ki Baat: PM Modi urges citizens to carry forward great Indian traditions; key takeaways |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/mann-ki-baat-pm-modi-urges-citizens-to-carry-forward-great-indian-traditions-key-takeways/articleshow/85732930.cms |access-date=2024-04-23 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
| colspan="4" |PM Modi begins by mentioning Major [[Dhyan Chand]], sports and the youth, how Indore comes at the top in Swachh Bharat results, the role of Sanskrit in culture and Janmashtami and [[Bhalka|Bhalka Teerth]].
|-
!81
!2021
!26 September
!<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-09-26 |title=PM in Mann Ki Baat: No one should be left out of vaccine's circle of safety |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/narendra-modi-81st-edition-of-mann-ki-baat-7534954/ |access-date=2024-04-23 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| colspan="4" |PM Modi talks about the importance of maintained covid protocols during the upcoming festival season. He talks about getting vaccinated. He talks about achieving record khadi sales and the handloom, cottage industry. The PM mentions [[World Rivers Day]] and [[Namami Gange Programme|Namami Gange]]. The Prime Minister also mentioned how eight specially-abled persons set a world record by travelling to Kumar Post at [[Siachen Glacier]]. He also mentioned One Teacher, One Call campaign.
|-
!82
!2021
!24 October
!<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-10-24 |title=Mann Ki Baat highlights: Make optimal use of new drone policy, PM tells youth |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/pm-narendra-modi-mann-ki-baat-today-live-updates-101635050733373.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211024104548/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/pm-narendra-modi-mann-ki-baat-today-live-updates-101635050733373.html |archive-date=24 October 2021 |access-date=2021-10-24 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| colspan="4" |PM Modi congratulated the country and healthcare workers on its [[COVID-19 vaccination in India|vaccination drive]], birth anniversary of [[Vallabhbhai Patel|Sardar Patel]], a government held competition on [[rangoli]], [[Hansa Jivraj Mehta|Hansa Mehta]], women joining the security forces, and drone technology.
|-
!83
!2021
!28 November
!<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-11-28 |title='Mann Ki Baat' Highlights: India is leading startup world, says PM Modi |url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/india/mann-ki-baat-live-updates-pm-narendra-modi-to-address-83rd-edition-of-monthly-radio-address-today-at-11-am-7769541.html |access-date=2024-04-23 |website=Moneycontrol |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| colspan="4" |Students from five countries participated in 'Azadi Ki Kahani – Bachchon Ki Zubani' programme, Janajati Gaurav Saptah or Tribal Pride Day, remembering [[Rani Durgavati]] through [[Dastangoi]], [[Navy Day (India)|Navy Day]] and [[Armed Forces Flag Day]], Sacred India Gallery in Australia, [[Vrindavan]], [[Rani of Jhansi|Rani Laxmibai]], [[Thoothukudi]], revival of Noon river, and startups.
|-
!84
!2021
!26 December
!<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2021-12-26 |title=We must welcome 2022 with collective responsibility to defeat COVID: PM Modi in 2021's last 'Mann Ki Baat' |url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/news/india/mann-ki-baat-live-updates-prime-minister-narendra-modi-address-to-nation-mann-ki-baat-last-edition-december-2021-latest-mann-ki-baat-news-751218 |access-date=2024-04-23 |website=www.indiatvnews.com |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| colspan="4" |The PM emphasizes that Mann Ki Baat is about grassroots level changemakers and not government achievements. He mentions covid and India's response to it. He talks about the importance of reading, and Swachh Bharat.
|}

====List of episodes in 2022====
{| class="wikitable"
!No.
!Year
!Date
!Ref.
|-
!85
!2022
!30 January
!<ref>{{Cite web |date=30 January 2022 |title="Corruption Like Termites, Get Rid Of Them": PM In Mann Ki Baat |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/pm-modi-addresses-nation-through-mann-ki-baat-highlights-2737608 |access-date=2024-04-26 |website=NDTV.com}}</ref>
|-
| colspan="4" |PM Modi mentioned the [[National War Memorial (India)|National War Memorial]], corruption and the [[Padma Awards]] and National Children's Award. He said how over 10 million children have contributed to Mann Ki Baat through postcards. He also wrote about how jawans have written letters to the PM about the new memorial. He also mentioned [[Atmanirbhar Bharat]] and Vocal for Local.
|-
!86
!2022
!27 February
!<ref>{{Cite web |last=Livemint |date=2022-02-27 |title=Mann Ki Baat highlights: PM Modi talks about Science and Women's Day. Key points |url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/mann-ki-baat-live-pm-modi-addresses-86th-edition-of-monthly-radio-program-11645939945450.html |access-date=2024-04-26 |website=mint |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=13 February 2022 |title=PM invites citizens for ideas for Mann Ki Baaton 27th February, 2022 |url=https://pib.gov.in/Pressreleaseshare.aspx?PRID=1798051 |access-date=2024-04-26 |website=pib.gov.in}}</ref>
|-
| colspan="4" |PM Modi talked about [[National Science Day]] and [[scientific temper]], the role of daughters, [[ayurveda]], [[lip-syncing]] videos and how idols have been brought back to India from various countries.
|-
!87
!2022
!27 March
!<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-03-27 |title=Mann Ki Baat: Rs 30 lakh cr export target met, PM credits farmers, MSMEs |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/mann-ki-baat-30-lakh-cr-export-target-farmers-msme-7838952/ |access-date=2024-04-26 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| colspan="4" |Various topics were covered such as India achieving $400 billion in exports. This includes increasing sales of millets, leather products, handloom products, fruits and vegetables, black rice from all around the country. How 1 lakh crore of goods have been bought through the [[Government e Marketplace]]. He mentioned the growth of the Ayush industry. He also praised cleanliness workers.
|-
!88
!2022
!24 April
!<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-04-08 |title=PM Modi invites citizens to share 'inspiring life journeys' for Mann Ki Baat radio programme on 24 April |url=https://www.firstpost.com/india/pm-modi-invites-citizens-to-share-inspiring-life-journeys-for-mann-ki-baat-radio-programme-on-24-april-10531621.html |access-date=2024-04-26 |website=Firstpost |language=en-us}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-04-24 |title=Mann Ki Baat: 'मन की बात' में PM मोदी ने पूछे देशभर के म्यूजियम से जुड़े 7 सवाल |url=https://www.aajtak.in/india/news/story/pm-narendra-modi-mann-ki-baat-today-24th-april-88th-episode-ntc-1451711-2022-04-24 |access-date=2024-04-26 |website=आज तक |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Mann Ki Baat, April 2022 |url=https://www.narendramodi.in/mann-ki-baat |access-date=26 April 2024 |website=narendramodi.in}}</ref>
|-
| colspan="4" |The [[Pradhanmantri Sangrahalaya|Prime Minister's Museum]] was opened to the public. Mention of [[75th Anniversary of Indian Independence]] was made. The PM asked short museum related questions as part of a quiz for his listeners. Questions related to museums such as the Railway Museum and a Kite Museum were asked. Topics such as a cashless economy, Divyangs, water, maths and Vedic maths were covered.
|-
!89
!2022
!29 May
!<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-05-29 |title=PM Modi's Mann Ki Baataddress live updates: India's startup ecosystem has penetrated to rural and grassroot levels, PM says |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/pm-modis-mann-ki-baat-sddress-live-updates-29-may-2022/liveblog/91864290.cms |access-date=2024-04-26 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Mann Ki Baat - English May 2022 |url=https://davp.nic.in/ebook/emay2022/index.html |access-date=2024-04-28 |website=davp.nic.in |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| colspan="4" |PM Modi praised the number of [[Unicorn (finance)|unicorns]] in India and how startup culture has pervaded to the grassroot and rural level. He also mentioned the importance of mentorship. He covered topics such as how the [[Thanjavur doll]] has got a GI tag and how a professor translated the Indian Constitution into [[Santali language|Santhali language]]. The PM again mentioned the importance of cleanliness, this time at holy places.
|-
!90
!2022
!26 June
!<ref>{{Cite web |last=Livemint |date=2022-06-26 |title=Mann Ki Baat Updates: We should not forget dark days of Emergency, says PM |url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/mann-ki-baat-pm-modi-to-address-the-90th-edition-today-11656205180870.html |access-date=2024-04-28 |website=mint |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| colspan="4" |Topics covered included [[Khelo India Youth Games]], 200 crore COVID-19 vaccinations, 'Waste to Wealth', [[Neeraj Chopra]] and [[Mithali Raj]], [[The Emergency (India)|Emergency]] and India's space sector.
|-
!91
!2022
!31 July
!<ref>{{Cite news |date=2022-07-31 |title=Mann Ki Baat: PM Modi suggests people use 'tiranga' as profile picture on social media between Aug 2-15 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/mann-ki-baat-pm-modi-suggests-people-use-tiranga-as-profile-picture-on-social-media-between-aug-2-15/articleshow/93247945.cms |access-date=2024-04-28 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref name=":5">{{Cite web |date=30 April 2023 |editor-last=Pathak |editor-first=Suryakant |title='मन की बात' : 1 से लेकर 100, जानें हर एपिसोड की खास बातें? |trans-title='Mann Ki Baat': From 1 to 100, know the special things about each episode? |url=https://ndtv.in/india/mann-ki-baat-1-to-99-what-special-things-happened-in-mann-ki-baat-in-eight-and-a-half-years-highlights-3991818 |access-date=2024-04-28 |website=NDTVIndia}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Mann Ki Baat, July 2022 |url=https://www.narendramodi.in/mann-ki-baat |access-date=28 April 2024 |website=narendramodi.in}}</ref>
|-
| colspan="4" |PM Modi began by talking about the 75th Independence Day, the martyrdom of [[Udham Singh]], [[75th Anniversary of Indian Independence|Azadi Ka Amrit Mahotsav]], the role of the Indian Railways in the independence movement, including [[Gomoh Junction railway station|Gomoh Junction]] and [[Kakori railway station|Kakori Railway Station]], and how 75 such railway stations have been identified, the 'Har Ghar Tiranga' movement of flying the [[Flag of India|tricolour]] in every home, and the birth anniversary of [[Pingali Venkayya|Pingali Venkaiah]], who designed the flag. He also talked about beekeeping and festivals.
|-
!92
!2022
!28 August
!<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mann Ki Baat August 2022 {{!}} Ministry of Information and Broadcasting {{!}} Government of India |url=https://mib.gov.in/mannkibaat/mann-ki-baat-august-2022 |access-date=2024-04-28 |website=mib.gov.in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Mann Ki Baat - English, August 2022 |url=https://davp.nic.in/ebook/e_mannkibaat_aug/index.html |access-date=2024-04-28 |website=davp.nic.in |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| colspan="4" |Citizen movements such as cleanliness campaign and the vaccination campaign and now the flag campaign. Importance of water and water conservation, Amrit Sarovar campaign, malnutrition, millets were made. A number of special mentions were also made.
|-
!93
!2022
!25 September
!<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-09-25 |title=Mann Ki Baat: Chandigarh Airport to be named after Bhagat Singh, says PM Modi |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/pm-modi-mann-ki-baat-live-updates-8171219/ |access-date=2024-04-28 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-09-25 |title=Mann Ki Baat live: Will celebrate surgical strike anniversary on September 28, says PM Modi |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/mann-ki-baat-live-updates-september-25-2022/liveblog/94427680.cms |access-date=2024-04-28 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| colspan="4" |PM Modi talked about the return of cheetahs to India. He mentioned Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhyay and Indian philosophy. Chandigarh airport will be named after Bhagat Singh. How the anniversary of the surgical strikes is coming. Yoga, climate change, and use of polythene were special mentions.
|-
!94
!2022
!30 October
!<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-10-30 |title=Sardar Patel, solar energy, Chhath, ISRO feat: Highlights of PM's Mann Ki Baat |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/mann-ki-baat-live-updates-today-october-30-2022-pm-narendra-modi-address-101667103242290.html |access-date=2024-04-29 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Mann Ki Baat, October 2022 |url=https://davp.nic.in/ebook/e_oct/index.html#p=1 |access-date=2024-04-29 |website=davp.nic.in |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| colspan="4" |PM Modi greeted people on the occasion of [[Chhath]] and [[Kartika Purnima|Kartik Purnima]]. He talked about solar energy and India's first solar powered village. He talked about ISRO and startups in the space sector. PM Modi also paid tributes to [[Birsa Munda]]. On the occasion of [[National Unity Day (India)|National Unity Day]], 'Run for Unity' is being organized across the country.
|-
!95
!2022
!27 November
!<ref name=":5" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Mann Ki Baat - November 2022 |url=https://davp.nic.in/ebook/e_nov/index.html#p=1 |access-date=2024-04-29 |website=davp.nic.in |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| colspan="4" |PM Modi wished the people a number of festivals and celebrations. He mentioned how getting India has got the [[G20]] presidency. Special mention was made to how the number of patents has increased by 31 per cent, a Sanskrit Utsav in Saudi Arabia, digital transactions, the Constitution and amendments, and [[26/11 Mumbai terror attacks|26/11 Mumbai terror attack]].
|-
!96
!2022
!25 December
!<ref>{{Cite web |last=Livemint |date=2022-12-25 |title=PM Modi's Mann Ki Baat highlights: A look-back at 2022, looking forward to 2023 |url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/pm-modi-s-mann-ki-baat-highlights-a-look-back-at-2022-looking-forward-to-2023-11671946295114.html |access-date=2024-04-29 |website=mint |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Mann Ki Baat December 2022 |url=https://davp.nic.in/ebook/e_dec/index.html#p=1 |access-date=2024-04-29 |website=davp.nic.in |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| colspan="4" |PM Modi wished Christmas. He remembered Atal Bihari Vajpayee's birth anniversary. He mentioned the good work being done by [[Tata Memorial Centre]]. He mentioned that the next disease which needs eradicating is [[Kala-Azar]]. He mentioned how [[Namami Gange Programme|Namami Gange]] has got UN recognition. He gave special mention to Sange Sherpa for high altitude conservation. Other special mentions were made to a [[Kalaripayattu|Kalarippayattu]] record in Dubai, Swachh Bharat and Kala Chetana's effort to revive art and culture in Karnataka.
|}

====List of episodes in 2023====
{| class="wikitable"
!No.
!Year
!Date
!Ref.
|-
!97
!2023
!29 January
!<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-01-29 |title='मन की बात' में पीएम नरेंद्र मोदी ने साझा किया किसानों को मजबूत करने का मंत्र |trans-title= |url=https://www.jansatta.com/national/pm-narendra-modi-to-share-first-mann-ki-baat-of-2023/2631709/ |access-date=2024-05-01 |website=Jansatta |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Mann Ki Baat January, 2023 |url=https://davp.nic.in/ebook/e_jan23/index.html#p=29 |access-date=2024-05-01 |website=davp.nic.in |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| colspan="4" |PM Modi said that a number of aspects of the Republic Day parade were praised. This included women [[Border Security Force Camel Band|camel riders]] and the first women CRPF contingent. He gave special mention to millets were mentioned, a book titled 'The Mother of Democracy', [[e-waste]] and how it can become a part of a circular economy. Mention of a competition being held for the 100th episode with regard to creating logos and jingles.
|-
!98
!2023
!26 February
!<ref>{{Cite web |date=26 February 2023 |title=English rendering of PM's address in the 98th Episode of 'Mann Ki Baat' on 26.02.2023 |url=https://pib.gov.in/pib.gov.in/Pressreleaseshare.aspx?PRID=1902487 |access-date=2024-05-01 |website=pib.gov.in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Mann Ki Baat FEBRUARY 2023 |url=https://www.publicationsdivision.nic.in/MKB/ENG/2023/february/index.html |access-date=2024-05-01 |website=www.publicationsdivision.nic.in}}</ref>
|-
| colspan="4" |PM Modi mentioned the immense participation in the three competitions 'Geet' - Patriotic Songs, 'Lullabies' and 'Rangoli'. He talked about tele-consultations in the medical field and had a conversation with a doctor. Special mention was made of Tribeni Kumbho Mohotshav, a practice started after 700 years, Tribeni in West Bengal and the clean India movement.
|-
!99
!2023
!26 March
!<ref name=":5" />
|-
| colspan="4" |Organ donations were talked about. The upcoming 100th episode was mentioned. Special mention was made of Asia's first female loco pilot and [[Vande Bharat Express]] pilot. Other special mentions were made such as '[[The Elephant Whisperers]]'.
|-
!100
!2023
!30 April
!<ref>{{Cite web |date=30 April 2023 |title=English rendering of PM's address in the 100th Episode of 'Mann Ki Baat' on 30.04.2023 |url=https://pib.gov.in/PressReleaseIframePage.aspx?PRID=1920863 |access-date=2 May 2024 |website=Press Information Bureau}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=30 April 2023 |title='मन की बात' के दौरान कई बार हुआ भावुक, करनी पड़ी दोबारा रिकॉर्डिंग : 100वें एपिसोड में PM मोदी |url=https://ndtv.in/india/100th-episode-of-pm-modis-mann-ki-baat-today-100th-episode-telecast-in-un-3991819 |access-date=2024-05-02 |website=NDTVIndia}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-04-30 |title=Mann Ki Baat 100th episode LIVE updates: PM Modi recalls 'selfie with daughter' campaign |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/mann-ki-baat-pm-narendra-modi-100th-episode-radio-show-april-30-un-hq-bjp-live-updates-101682820656901.html |access-date=2024-05-02 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-04-30 |title=PM Narendra Modi's 'Mann Ki Baat' 100th episode: Key points |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/pm-narendra-modis-mann-ki-baat-100th-episode-key-points/articleshow/99882280.cms |access-date=2024-05-02 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=30 April 2023 |editor-last=Gautam |editor-first=Aditi |title=Here Are 4 Changemakers PM Spoke To During Mann Ki Baat@100 |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/mann-ki-baat-4-changemakers-4-inspiring-stories-highlights-of-pms-mann-ki-baat-100-3992206 |access-date=2024-06-16 |website=NDTV.com}}</ref>
|-
| colspan="4" |PM Modi recalled the journey of Mann Ki Baat from the first to the hundredth episode. The PM recalled Selfie with Daughter campaign. He also talked to a number of listeners. Audio of DG UNESCO was also played celebrating the occasion.
|-
!101
!2023
!28 May
!<ref>{{Cite web |last=Livemint |date=2023-05-28 |title=Mann Ki Baat LIVE Updates: 'PM Museum adding beauty to Delhi', says PM Modi |url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/mann-ki-baat-live-updates-pm-modi-101st-episode-of-monthly-radio-program-mann-ki-baat-show-11685235209124.html |access-date=2024-05-02 |website=mint |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| colspan="4" |PM Modi mentioned how people from different time zones listened to the last 100th episode. He speaks to two listeners. He spoke about his visit to Japan, Yuva Sangam, [[Museo Camera]] museum, the [[Indian Memory Project]] and 75 Amrit sarovars. He remembered Veer Savarkar.
|-
!102
!2023
!18 June
!<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-06-18 |title='नीयत साफ और प्रयासों में ईमानदारी हो, तो फिर कोई भी लक्ष्य कठिन नहीं रहता', मन की बात में बोले पीएम मोदी |url=https://www.aajtak.in/india/news/story/pm-narendra-modi-mann-ki-baat-today-18-june-2023-updates-in-hindi-ntc-1717789-2023-06-18 |access-date=2024-05-03 |website=आज तक |language=hi}}</ref>
|-
| colspan="4" |The episode was held a week early due to a scheduled trip to United States of America. PM Modi talked about [[Cyclone Biparjoy]]. He mentioned 'Catch the Rain' campaign. He talked about [[Shivaji]] and his management skills. He appealed to people to join Yoga Day and mentioned and remembered the Emergency.
|-
!103
!2023
!30 July
!<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-07-30 |title=Mann Ki Baat Highlights: 'This year over 4000 women went for Haj without male companion', says PM Modi |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/mann-ki-baat-live-updates-july-30-2023-prime-minister-narendra-modi-103rd-episode-101690689686763.html |access-date=2024-05-03 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=30 July 2023 |title=English rendering of PM's address in the 103rd Episode of 'Mann Ki Baat' on 30.07.2023 |url=https://pib.gov.in/pib.gov.in/Pressreleaseshare.aspx?PRID=1944101 |access-date=2024-05-03 |website=pib.gov.in}}</ref>
|-
| colspan="4" |PM Modi spoke about the monsoons and relief work with regard to floods. He also talked about water conservation and the construction of thousands of Amrit Sarovars. He also talked about how 4000 females went to Haj without a male companion. He also talked about the issue of drugs.
|-
!104
!2023
!27 August
!<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mann Ki Baat, August 2023 |url=https://www.narendramodi.in/mann-ki-baat |access-date=3 May 2024 |website=narendramodi.in}}</ref>
|-
| colspan="4" |PM Modi began with one of his poems. He talked about Chandrayaan, G20, World University Games, [[World Sanskrit Day]], how someone has put Meghalaya on the world World Cave Map, and dairies.
|-
!105
!2023
!24 September
!<ref>{{Cite web |date=24 September 2023 |title=English rendering of PM's address in the 105th Episode of 'Mann Ki Baat' on 24.09.2023 |url=https://pib.gov.in/pib.gov.in/Pressreleaseshare.aspx?PRID=1960066 |access-date=2024-05-10 |website=pib.gov.in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Livemint |date=2023-09-24 |title='India-Middle East-Europe corridor will become basis of world trade': PM Modi |url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/mann-ki-baat-pm-narendra-modi-addresses-nation-on-108th-episode-of-mann-ki-baat-11695532272755.html |access-date=2024-05-10 |website=mint |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| colspan="4" |PM Modi mentioned [[Chandrayaan-3]], G-20, and [[India-Middle East-Europe Economic Corridor|India-Middle East-Europe Economic corridor]], reading and urged people to buy Made in India goods.
|-
!106
!2023
!29 October
!<ref>{{Cite web |date=29 October 2023 |title=Mann Ki Baat: 'वही सामान खरीदें, जिसमें देशवासी का पसीना हो', जानिए 'मन की बात' में क्या-क्या बोले पीएम मोदी |trans-title=Mann Ki Baat: 'Buy only those goods in which a countryman has sweat', know what PM Modi said in 'Mann Ki Baat' |url=https://www.amarujala.com/live/india-news/mann-ki-baat-live-updates-pm-narendra-modi-to-address-show-106th-episode-today-2023-10-29 |access-date=2024-05-11 |website=Amar Ujala |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=29 October 2023 |title=English rendering of PM's address in the 106th Episode of 'Mann Ki Baat' on 29.10.2023 |url=https://pib.gov.in/pib.gov.in/Pressreleaseshare.aspx?PRID=1972757 |access-date=2024-05-11 |website=pib.gov.in}}</ref>
|-
| colspan="4" |The PM praised Para Asian Games and Special Olympics World Summer Games winners. He remembered tribal warriors and talked about record khadi sales. He remembered [[Mirabai]].
|-
!107
!2023
!26 November
!<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-11-26 |title=Mann Ki Baat LIVE: 'It has been year of limitless achievements for India', says PM Modi |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/mann-ki-baat-live-updates-narendra-modi-address-nation-11am-101700970202877.html |access-date=2024-05-11 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| colspan="4" |PM Modi greets listeners on Constitution Day, Guru Nanak Jayanti, and Kartik Purnima. He talks about water security, make in India, vocal for local during the wedding season, and pays tribute to 2008 Mumbai attack martyrs. He asks people to continue using UPI.
|-
!108
!2023
!31 December
!<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-12-31 |title=PM Modi Mann Ki Baat Live Updates: PM Modi highlights mental health, AI tool 'Bhashini' in last 'Mann Ki Baat' episode of 2023 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/mann-ki-baat-live-updates-pm-narendra-modi-108th-episode-today-31st-dec/liveblog/106413762.cms |access-date=2024-05-11 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=31 December 2023 |title=PM's address in the 108th Episode of 'Mann Ki Baat' |url=https://www.pmindia.gov.in/en/news_updates/pms-address-in-the-108th-episode-of-mann-ki-baat/?tag_term=mann-ki-baat&comment=disable |access-date=11 May 2024 |website=pmindia.gov.in}}</ref>
|-
| colspan="4" |PM Modi calls out the public participation. He mentioned the themes of 'Viksit Bharat', self-reliance and vocal for local, International Year of Millets. Audio messages from [[Sadhguru Jaggi Vasudev]] was also played as well as [[Harmanpreet Kaur]] and [[Viswanathan Anand|Vishwanathan Anand]] and [[Akshay Kumar]].
|}

====List of episodes in 2024====
{| class="wikitable"
!No.
!Year
!Date
!Ref.
|-
!109
!2024
!28 January
!<ref>{{Cite web |last=Livemint |date=2024-01-28 |title=Mann Ki Baat: 'Rule of Lord Ram was a source of inspiration', says PM Modi |url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/mann-ki-baat-live-rule-of-lord-ram-was-a-source-of-inspiration-says-pm-modi-11706420194002.html |access-date=2024-05-11 |website=mint |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=28 January 2024 |title=English rendering of PM's address in the 109th Episode of 'Mann Ki Baat' on 28.01.2024 |url=https://www.pib.gov.in/Pressreleaseshare.aspx?PRID=2000167 |access-date=2024-05-11 |website=www.pib.gov.in}}</ref>
|-
| colspan="4" |PM Modi mentioned Ram and Ram Temple, women power during the Republic Day parade, Arjuna Award ceremony, Padma awardees, National Voters Day, birth anniversary of Lala Lajpat Rai and Khelo India Youth Games.
|-
!110
!2024
!25 February
!<ref>{{Cite web |title=मन की बात फरवरी 2024 |url=https://mib.gov.in/mannkibaat/mann-ki-baat-february-2024 |access-date=12 May 2024}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-02-25 |title=Narendra Modi's Mann Ki Baat show paused for 3 months. Here's why |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/mann-ki-baat-live-narendra-modi-address-the-nation-today-latest-news-february-25-101708828321648.html |access-date=2024-05-12 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| colspan="4" |PM Modi covers women in agriculture, people's first vote, harnessing technology for wildlife conservation, the first National Creators Award, and sustainability. Mann Ki Baat will stop for next three months in light of the general elections.
|}

===Season 3 (2024–present)===
{{moresources|section|date=March 2026}}
====List of episodes in 2024====
{| class="wikitable"
!style="background: #006600; color: #ffffff; width:6%"| No.
!style="background: #006600; color: #ffffff; width:6%"| Year
!style="background: #006600; color: #ffffff; width:6%"| Date
!style="background: #006600; color: #ffffff; width:6%"| Ref.
|-
!111
!2024
!30 June
!
|-
| colspan="4" |
|-
!112
!2024
!28 July
!
|-
| colspan="4" |
|-
!113
!2024
!25 August
!
|-
| colspan="4" |
|-
!114
!2024
!29 September
!
|-
| colspan="4" |
|-
!115
!2024
!27 October
!
|-
| colspan="4" |
|-
!116
!2024
!24 November
!
|-
| colspan="4" |
|-
!117
!2024
!29 December
!
|-
| colspan="4" |
|}

====List of episodes in 2025====
{| class="wikitable"
!No.
!Year
!Date
!Ref.
|-
!118
!2025
!26 January
!
|-
| colspan="4" |
|-
!119
!2025
!23 February
!
|-
| colspan="4" |
|-
!120
!2025
!23 March
!
|-
| colspan="4" |
|-
!121
!2024
!27 April
!
|-
| colspan="4" |
|-
!122
!2024
!25 May
!
|-
| colspan="4" |
|-
!123
!2025
!29 June
!
|-
| colspan="4" |
|-
!124
!2025
!27 July
!
|-
| colspan="4" |
|-
!125
!2025
!31 August
!
|-
| colspan="4" |
|-
!126
!2025
!28 September
!
|-
| colspan="4" |
|-
!127
!2025
!26 October
!
|-
| colspan="4" |
|-
!128
!2025
!30 November
!
|-
| colspan="4" |
|-
!129
!2025
!28 December
!
|-
| colspan="4" |
|}

====List of episodes in 2026====
{| class="wikitable"
!No.
!Year
!Date
!Ref.
|-
!130
!2026
!25 January
!
|-
| colspan="4" |
|-
!131
!2026
!22 February
!
|-
| colspan="4" |
|-
!132
!2026
!29 March
!
|-
| colspan="4" |
|-
|-
!133
!2026
!26 April
!
|-
| colspan="4" |
|-
|}

==Notes==
{{Notelist}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Narendra Modi}}
[[Category:Narendra Modi-related lists|M]]
[[Category:Lists of radio series episodes|M]]

L. Lalitha Kumari

2026-04-25T17:04:46Z

Vikiknl: New new bio

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2026}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2026}}

'''L. Lalitha Kumari''' (born 1969) is an Indian politician from [[Andhra Pradesh]].<ref name=":0" /> She is a former [[Member of the Legislative Assembly]] representing the [[Telugu Desam Party]] from [[Palamaner Assembly constituency]] which is reserved for Scheduled Caste community in [[Chittoor district]] .<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=23 March 2020 |title=Sitting and previous MLAs from Palamaner Assembly Constituency |url=https://www.elections.in/andhra-pradesh/assembly-constituencies/palamaner.html |access-date=25 April 2026 |website=Elections.in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gh8YnT6Tg3U |title=చంద్రబాబుకు షాక్..వైసీపీలో చేరిన మాజీ ఎమ్మెల్యే{{!}} TDP Palamaner Ex MLA Lalitha Kumari Joined In YSRCP |date=2024-05-05 |last=Amaravathi Media |access-date=2026-04-25 |via=YouTube}}</ref>

Kumari is from [[Puthalapattu]], Chittor, Andhra Pradesh. She completed her graduation in BA in 2011 from a college affiliated with the [[Dravidian University]], Kuppam. She married M. Subramanyam.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=L Lalitha Kumari(TDP):Constituency- PUTHALAPATTU(CHITTOOR) - Affidavit Information of Candidate: |url=https://www.myneta.info/andhrapradesh2019/candidate.php?candidate_id=5142 |access-date=2026-04-25 |website=www.myneta.info}}</ref>

Kumari was first elected as an MLA from Palamaner Assembly constituency winning the [[2004 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]] representing the Telugu Desam Party.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Vennelakanti |first=Pradeep |date=2024-02-02 |title=Amaranatha to face crucial election in Palamaner |url=https://www.thehansindia.com/andhra-pradesh/amaranatha-to-face-crucial-election-in-palamaner-855811 |access-date=2026-04-25 |website=www.thehansindia.com |language=en}}</ref> She polled 67,861 votes and defeated her nearest rival, Reddeppa Reddy R of the [[Indian National Congress]], by a margin of 737 votes.<ref name=":1" /><ref>https://resultuniversity.com/election/palmaner-andhra-pradesh-assembly-constituency</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Lalitha Kumari, L.}}
[[Category:1969 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Women members of the Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]
[[Category:21st-century women politicians]]
[[Category:20th-century women politicians]]
[[Category:Andhra Pradesh MLAs 2004–2009]]
[[Category:Telugu Desam Party politicians]]

Velagapalli Varaprasad Rao

2026-04-22T02:01:39Z

Vikiknl: Put up new bio

{{short description|Indian politician}}
{{BLP sources|date=January 2022}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2015}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Velagapalli Varaprasad Rao
| image =
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1953|May|15|df=y}}
| birth_place = Kommalmudi, [[Krishna district|Krishna]], [[Andhra Pradesh]]
| alma_mater = [[Andhra University]]
| constituency = [[Tirupati (Lok Sabha constituency)|Tirupati]]
| office = [[Member of parliament]] for [[Tirupati (Lok Sabha constituency)|Tirupati]]
| term_start = 26 May 2014
| term_end = 24 May 2019
| predecessor = [[Chinta Mohan]]
| successor = [[Balli Durga Prasad Rao]]
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| spouse = Velagapalli Lakshmi
| date of marriage =
| children = 2
| occupation = Biochemist, GH Pondicherry (1978–1980); Assistant Administrative Officer, National Insurance (1980–1982); Reserve Bank of India (1982–1983); and IAS (1983–2009)
| website =
| footnotes =
| date = 31 March
| year = 2024
| source = http://164.100.47.194/Loksabha/Members/MemberBioprofile.aspx?mpsno=4920
}}

'''Velagapalli Varaprasada Rao''' is an Indian politician and was a [[Member of parliament, Lok Sabha|Member of Parliament]] of the [[16th Lok Sabha]] from [[Tirupati|Tirupati (Lok Sabha constituency)]], [[Andhra Pradesh]]. He won the [[2014 Indian general election|Indian general election, 2014]] being a [[YSR Congress Party|Yuvajana Sramika Rythu Congress Party]] candidate.

Rao was born on 15 May 1953. He was an [[Indian Administrative Service]] (IAS) officer from the 1983 batch of the Tamilnadu Cadre. During his tenure in the civil services, he held several top positions, including that of Principal Secretary to Government of [[Tamil Nadu]], [[Chennai]]. In 2009, he opted for voluntary retirement to enter politics and serve the people of his native state, [[Telangana|Andhra Pradesh]].

In 2019 assembly election, Rao was elected as an MLA for [[Gudur, Nellore district|Gudur]] Constituency in [[Andhra Pradesh]] (AP), representing the [[YSR Congress Party|YSRCP]] party. Formerly, he was an [[Member of parliament, Lok Sabha|MP]] from the [[Tirupati]] Constituency. He resigned from this post last year as the Central Government denied special category status to AP.

V Varaprasad Rao quit YSRCP on 24 March 2024, joined the BJP in New Delhi.<ref name="YSRCP leader Varaprasad Rao, Former IAF chief R.K.S. Bhadauria join BJP ahead of Lok Sabha polls">{{cite news |last1=The Hindu |first1= |title=YSRCP leader Varaprasad Rao, Former IAF chief R.K.S. Bhadauria join BJP ahead of Lok Sabha polls |url=https://www.thehindu.com/elections/lok-sabha/former-iaf-chief-bhadauria-joins-bjp/article67986901.ece |access-date=25 March 2024 |date=24 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240325084515/https://www.thehindu.com/elections/lok-sabha/former-iaf-chief-bhadauria-joins-bjp/article67986901.ece |archive-date=25 March 2024 |language=en-IN}}</ref> He was shortly announced as the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] candidate from the [[Tirupati Lok Sabha constituency|Tirupati Constituency]] for the [[2024 Indian general election|2024 Lok Sabha Elections]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Fifth-list-bjp-candidates-ensuing-general-elections-2024-parliamentary-constituencies |url=https://www.bjp.org/pressreleases/fifth-list-bjp-candidates-ensuing-general-elections-2024-parliamentary-constituencies |access-date=25 March 2024}}</ref>

== Education ==
After completing his undergraduate course (B.Sc.) in botany/zoology at Noble College, Machilipatnam, Rao pursued a post-graduate course in biochemistry from Andhra University, [[Visakhapatnam|Vizag]]. He then went on to complete his Ph.D. in biochemistry from the same university.

During his IAS tenure, Rao has also completed a one-year program in administration in the UK.

== Career ==
Before joining the Indian Administrative Services, Rao worked in myriad roles:
{| class="wikitable"
!Year
!Role
!Company/place
|-
|1978–1980
|Biochemist
|General Hospital, Govt. of Pondicherry
|-
|1980–1982
|Branch Manager
|[[National Insurance Company]]
|-
|1982–1983
|Assistant Currency Officer
|[[Reserve Bank of India]]
|}

Over the course of his 24 year stint (1983–2007) in the IAS, Dr. Varaprasada Rao worked in various capacities and held several prominent posts in departments such as Information and Tourism, Small Industries and Industries and Education. As Managing Director, he was pivotal in turning around the losses of many companies and putting them back on course. For instance, The state owned Co-optex (Textiles) was in a financial crisis and operating at a loss of around Rs.80 crores until he took over the reins and turned around the fortunes and generated profits.

Similarly, when he was appointed the Managing Director of Salt Corporation, he had a challenging role to play. The corporation was in the doldrums and on the brink of closure. Dr. Varaprasada Rao — with his foresight and progressive policies — saved the company from the brink of collapse.

== Important posts held in IAS Cadre ==

# Sub Collector and District Collector – Kanchipuram/Tiruvallur & Pudukottai districts<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://kancheepuram.nic.in/about-district/list-of-collectors/|title=List of Collectors {{!}} Kancheepuram District, Government of Tamilnadu {{!}} City of Thousand Temples|language=en-US|access-date=2019-04-01}}</ref>
# State Protocol Officer, Government of Tamil Nadu
# On deputation to [[Department of Atomic Energy]]
# Commissioner of
## Tourism Department
## Labour Department
## SC/ST Welfare Department
## Land Administration Department (additional)
## Land Reforms Department
# Chairman and/or Managing Director of
## Pumpuhar Shipping Corporation
## Tourism Development Corporation
## Explosives Corporation
## Co-optex (Textiles)
## Tansi (Small Industries)
## [[Tamil Nadu Slum Clearance Board|Tamilnadu Slum Clearance Board]]

After quitting the IAS, Dr Varaprasada Rao was the CEO of 7 Hills Hospital in Andheri (E), [[Mumbai]]. Here, he played a major role in expanding the facilities to a 1500-bed hospital.

== Personal life ==
Dr. V. Varaprasada Rao, is the son of Mr. V. Chiranjeevulu who served as Village President, [[Pasarlapudi]] Village. Chiranjeevulu was also Member, Panchayat Union and Member, Zilla Parishad, [[Krishna district|Krishna District]] in [[Andhra Pradesh]]. Dr. V.Varaprasada Rao is married to K. Lakshmi M.Sc., Retd. Senior Manager, [[Bank of Baroda|Bank Of Baroda]].

They have a son - Mr. Naveen Gupta, MBA, IIM (A) who is self-employed and is running Health Clinics and Schools in Chennai. His daughter Dr. Spoorthi, MD(ABIM), FACP returned from USA after 18 years. She is self-employed and runs a hospital.

== Social work ==
Dr Varaprasada Rao was always driven to work for the cause of humanity. After his voluntary retirement from the IAS, Dr Varaprasada Rao dedicated his time to community and social service. He spearheaded and initiated several projects for the welfare of the economically underprivileged.

# In 2012, he donated Rs.15 lakhs for constructing a building in Noble College, Machilipatinam, Andhra Pradesh, his alma mater.
# Constructed an elementary school building at a cost of Rs. 4.00 lakhs at his native place in Kommalamudi Village, Krishna District, Andhra Pradesh. The school is currently run by the Government.
# Donated Rs. 50,000/- each for the refurbishment of worshipping places/community centers/statues at the following places.
## Gunnanapudi, Krishna District
## Lellapudi, Krishna District
## Golvepalli, Krishna District
## Chintalapudi, Krishna District
## Moturu, Krishna District
## Gudivada Community Centre, Krishna District
## Gudivada Church, Krishna District
## Akiveedu Church, Krishna District
# Conducted and funded 6 marriages in the last two years at a cost of about Rs. 2.00 Lakhs
# Currently he is supporting the education of three poor boys and one poor girl who are pursuing Engineering, B.Com., Plus 2 and 5th standard respectively.
# He also adopted a minor boy who was condemned to life-imprisonment. He reformed him completely and gave him a life of dignity. The boy is now a young man of 30 years who has joined the mainstream of life—married with a family.
# He has helped hundreds of students from different communities coming from various socially and economically weak backgrounds to get a decent education and respectful jobs.

== Political background ==
After taking a voluntary retirement from the IAS, Dr. Varaprasada Rao decided to take a plunge into politics. The [[Praja Rajyam Party|Praja Rajyam Party (PRP)]] headed by [[Chiranjeevi|Mr. Chiranjeevi]] offered him an M.P. seat from Tirupati along with a position of Vice-President of the party. He contested the 2009 general elections and lost. The PRP has now merged with the Congress Party.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/praja-rajyam-party-to-merge-with-congress-on-aug-20/articleshow/9593422.cms|title=Praja Rajyam Party to merge with Congress on Aug 20|date=2011-08-13|work=The Economic Times|access-date=2019-04-01}}</ref>

During his association with PRP as Vice President, he was actively involved with the drafting of the Party Manifesto. Most of his views on the welfare of weaker sections, women and minorities were incorporated into the manifesto.

Dr Varaprasada Rao also undertook a Praja Sankalpa Yatra,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sakshi.com/special/2017/prajasankalpayatra|title=Praja Sankalpa Yatra, Jagan Padayatra, ప్రజా సంకల్ప యాత్ర, Schedule, Route Map, Live|date=2017-11-03|website=Sakshi|language=te|access-date=2019-04-01}}</ref> along with the YSR Congress Party Chief [[Y. S. Jaganmohan Reddy|YS Jagan Mohan Reddy]]. This padayatra, a mass outreach program which covered the length and breadth of the state, had an unprecedented public turnout where the leaders interacted with 1.25 crore people.

He also went on an indefinite hunger strike at Andhra Pradesh Bhavan over the demand of special category status to Andhra Pradesh. He fell ill during the fast and was admitted to the hospital, after which the fast was broken.<ref>{{Citation|date=April 8, 2018|title=YSRCP MP Varaprasad Velagapalli hospitalised after he falls ill during indefinite hunger strike|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/ysrcp-mp-varaprasad-velagapalli-hospitalised-after-he-falls-ill-during-indefinite-hunger-strike/videoshow/63669907.cms|access-date=2019-04-01}}</ref>

Dr. Rao has raised his concern over several issues in parliamentary sessions and debated strongly in support of dalits and women's causes. He has also been strongly campaigning to set up a port in Dugarajapatnam in Nellore district.

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Velagapalli, Varaprasad Rao}}
[[Category:India MPs 2014–2019]]
[[Category:1953 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Lok Sabha members from Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:People from Tirupati]]
[[Category:Telugu politicians]]
[[Category:YSR Congress Party politicians]]
[[Category:Praja Rajyam Party politicians]]
[[Category:Andhra Pradesh MLAs 2019–2024]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Andhra Pradesh]]

Khem Karan Assembly constituency

2026-04-19T19:40:03Z

Vikiknl: New a article

{{short description|Legislative Assembly constituency in Punjab State, India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2018}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2021}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Khem Karan
| map_image = 22-Khem Karan.svg
| mla = [[Sarvan Singh Dhun]]
| party = [[Aam Aadmi Party]]
| latest_election_year = [[2022 Punjab Legislative Assembly election|2022]]
| state = [[Punjab, India|Punjab]]
| district = [[Tarn Taran district|Tarn Taran]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Khadoor Sahib (Lok Sabha constituency)|Khadoor Sahib]]
| reservation = None
| electors = {{formatnum:218055}}<ref name="ECI 2022"/>{{update after|2027|6}}
| type = SLA
| constituency_no = 22
}}
'''Khem Karan Assembly constituency''' is one of the 117 [[Punjab Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]] constituencies of [[Punjab, India|Punjab]] state in [[India]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://ceopunjab.nic.in/English/lpac.aspx |title=List of Parliamentary Constituencies and Assembly Constituencies in the State of Punjab as determined by the delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly constituency notification dated 19th June, 2006 |author=Chief Electoral Officer – Punjab |date=19 June 2006 |access-date= 24 June 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://ceopunjab.nic.in/English/Elections/SE/List%20Of%20AC%20Name.pdf |title=List of Punjab Assembly Constituencies |accessdate=19 July 2016 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160423033326/http://ceopunjab.nic.in/english/Elections/SE/List%20Of%20AC%20Name.pdf |archivedate=23 April 2016 }}</ref>
It is part of [[Tarn Taran district|Tarn Taran]] district.

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Year
!Member
!colspan="2"|Party
|-
|[[2012 Punjab Legislative Assembly election|2012]]
| [[Virsa Singh Valtoha]]
|{{Full party name with color|Shiromani Akali Dal}}
|-
|[[2017 Punjab Legislative Assembly election|2017]]
| [[Sukhpal Singh Bhullar]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[2022 Punjab Legislative Assembly election|2022]]
| [[Sarvan Singh Dhun]]
|{{Full party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|}

== Election results ==
===2022===
 <section begin="Assembly Election 2022"/>
{{Election box begin |title=[[2022 Punjab Legislative Assembly election|Assembly election, 2022]]: Khemkaran<ref name=election2022>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3614-punjab-general-legislative-election-2017/ |title=Punjab General Legislative Election 2022 |author=Election Commission of India |access-date= 26 June 2021}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Aam Aadmi Party
|candidate = [[Sarvan Singh Dhun]]<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|title=Punjab Election 2022: Complete List of AAP Candidates, Check Names HERE|url=https://www.india.com/news/india/punjab-election-2022-complete-list-of-aap-candidates-check-names-announced-5198549/|access-date=2022-01-22|website=www.india.com|language=en}}</ref>
|votes = 64541
|percentage = 41.64
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Shiromani Akali Dal
|candidate = [[Virsa Singh Valtoha]]
|votes = 52,659
|percentage = 33.98
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Sukhpal Singh Bhullar
|votes = 28,859
|percentage = 18.62
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Shiromani Akali Dal (Amritsar)
|candidate = Harpal Singh Baler
|votes = 3,270
|percentage = 2.11
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = [[None of the above]]
|party = None of the above (India)
|votes = 1,832
|percentage = 1.18
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Shiromani Akali Dal (Sanyukt)
|candidate = Daljit Singh Gill
|votes = 422
|percentage = 0.27
|change = ''New''
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 11,882
|percentage = 7.66
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 1,54,988
|percentage = 71.08
|change =
}}
{{Election box registered electors
|reg. electors = {{formatnum:218055}}
|ref= <ref name="ECI 2022">{{cite web |title=Punjab General Legislative Election 2022 |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/14165-punjab-general-legislative-election-2022/ |website=Election Commission of India |access-date=18 May 2022}}</ref>
}}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner = Aam Aadmi Party |loser = Indian National Congress |swing = }}
{{Election box end}}<section end="Assembly Election 2022"/>

=== 2017 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2017 Punjab Legislative Assembly election|Punjab Assembly election, 2017]]: Khem Karan<ref name=election2017>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3614-punjab-general-legislative-election-2017/ |title=Punjab General Legislative Election 2017 |author=Election Commission of India |access-date= 26 June 2021}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|candidate = Sukhpal Singh Bhullar
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = {{formatnum:81897}}
|percentage = 53.0
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Shiromani Akali Dal
|candidate = [[Virsa Singh Valtoha]]
|votes = {{formatnum:62295}}
|percentage = 40.3
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Aam Aadmi Party
|candidate = Bikramajit Singh
|votes = {{formatnum:6568}}
|percentage = 4.3
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = [[None of the above]]
|party = None of the above
|votes = {{formatnum:1484}}
|percentage = 0.70
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = {{formatnum:19602}}
|percentage = 12.8
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = {{formatnum:153020}}
|percentage = 77.60
|change =
}}
{{Election box registered electors
|reg. electors = {{formatnum:199211}}
|ref=<ref name=electors2017>{{cite web |url=http://ceopunjab.nic.in/English/Elections/SE/VS2017/D03-Electors%20and%20Polling%20Stations%20VS%202017.pdf |title=Electors and Polling Stations - VS 2017 |author=Chief Electoral Officer - Punjab |access-date= 24 June 2021}}</ref>
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2012 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2012 Punjab Legislative Assembly election|Punjab Assembly election, 2012]]: Khem Karan}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = Shiromani Akali Dal
|candidate = [[Virsa Singh Valtoha]]
|votes = {{formatnum:73328}}
|percentage = 49.5
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Gurchet Singh
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = {{formatnum:60226}}
|percentage = 40.6
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = {{formatnum:13102}}
|percentage = 8.9
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = {{formatnum:147983}}
|percentage = 82.1
|change =
}}
{{Election box registered electors
|reg. electors = {{formatnum:180145}}
|ref=<ref name=electors2017>{{cite web |url=http://ceopunjab.nic.in/English/Elections/SE/VS2017/D03-Electors%20and%20Polling%20Stations%20VS%202017.pdf |title=Electors and Polling Stations - VS 2017 |author=Chief Electoral Officer - Punjab |access-date= 24 June 2021}}</ref>
}}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
* [[List of constituencies of the Punjab Legislative Assembly]]
* [[Tarn Taran district]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{cite web |title=Record of all Punjab Assembly Election results |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/category/86-punjab/ |website=eci.gov.in |publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date=14 March 2022}}
{{Assembly constituencies of Punjab}}
{{coord|31.14|74.56|display=title}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Punjab, India]]
[[Category:Tarn Taran district]]
[[Category:Politics of Punjab, India]]
[[Category:2012 establishments in Punjab, India]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 2012]]

Assamese Wikipedia

2026-04-16T09:08:08Z

Vikiknl: Stub

{{Short description|Assamese-language edition of Wikipedia}}
{{use dmy dates|date=July 2024}}
{{Infobox website
| name = Assamese Wikipedia
| logo = Wikipedia-logo-v2-as.svg
| logocaption = Assamese Wikipedia logo
| screenshot =
| collapsible =
| collapsetext =
| caption =
| url = {{URL|as.wikipedia.org}}
| commercial = No
| type = [[Internet encyclopedia project]]
| registration = Optional
| language = [[Assamese language|Assamese]]
| num_users = 9,957 (1 December 2014)<ref>[[:as:Special:Statistics|Assamese Wikipedia statistics]]</ref>
| content_license = {{nobr|[[Creative Commons licenses|Creative Commons Attribution/ Share-Alike]] 4.0}} (most text also dual-licensed under [[GFDL]]) Media licensing varies
| owner = [[Wikimedia Foundation]]
| author = [https://facebook.com/groups/162520527119843 Assamese Wiki community]
| editor = Assamese Wiki community
| launch_date = {{Start date and age|2002|06|2|df=yes}}
| revenue =
| current_status = Active
| footnotes =
}}
The '''Assamese Wikipedia''' ({{Langx|as|অসমীয়া ৱিকিপিডিয়া|Asomiya Wikipidia}}) is the [[Assamese language]] edition of Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Its domain came into existence on 2 June 2002. In July 2015, it had reached 3,600 articles.<ref name="stattistic">{{cite web | url=http://www.wikistatistics.net/wiki/as/articles/full | title=Wikipedia Interactive Statistics, Article count | publisher=Martin Kozak | access-date=October 15, 2012 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141210181942/http://www.wikistatistics.net/wiki/as/articles/full | archive-date=2014-12-10 | url-status=usurped }}</ref><ref name="mediawiki">{{cite web | url=https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/List_of_Wikipedias | title=List of Wikipedias | publisher=Wikimedia foundation | access-date=August 23, 2015}}</ref>

It now has {{NUMBEROF|ARTICLES|as|N}} articles with {{NUMBEROF|USERS|as|N}} registered users.

The first Assamese Wikipedia workshop was organized in [[Guwahati University]] on 29 January 2012, and later another on 1 February 2012, at the [[Tezpur University]] in [[Tezpur]] to inform people how to edit and add to the wiki. Later on, many other workshops have been organized by community members in different places in [[Assam]].<ref>[http://news.outlookindia.com/items.aspx?artid=765639 outlookindia.com] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130529165908/http://news.outlookindia.com/items.aspx?artid=765639 |date=May 29, 2013 }}</ref><ref>[https://archive.today/20120905081951/http://www.northeasttoday.in/our-states/assam/assamese-wikipedia-celebrates-10th-anniversary/ northeasttoday]</ref><ref>[https://archive.today/20130630101002/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1120601/jsp/northeast/story_15554932.jsp%23.T94DpJGoFN telegraphindia.com]</ref><ref>[http://zeenews.india.com/business/news/technology/assamese-wikipedia-completes-10-years-of-existence_53685.html zeenews.india.com]</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Assamese Wikipedia}}
*[http://as.wikipedia.org Assamese Wikipedia]
*[http://as.m.wikipedia.org Assamese Wikipedia mobile version]
*[https://twitter.com/aswikipedia Assamese Wikipedia in Twitter]

{{Wikipedias}}

[[Category:Wikipedias in Indo-Aryan languages]]
[[Category:Internet properties established in 2002]]
[[Category:Assamese-language encyclopedias|Wikipedia]]
[[Category:Assamese-language mass media]]
[[Category:2002 establishments in India]]
[[Category:Wikipedias by languages of India]]
[[Category:Indian encyclopedias]]

{{online-encyclopedia-stub}}
{{Wikipedia-stub}}

Rayadurg Assembly constituency

2026-04-14T03:34:16Z

Vikiknl: put up a data...

{{Short description|Constituency of the Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2019}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Rayadurg
| map_image = Legislative Assembly constituencies of Andhra Pradesh (148-Rayadurg highlighted).png
| map_caption = Location of Rayadurg Assembly constituency within Andhra Pradesh
| mla = [[Kalava Srinivasulu]]
| party = {{Party index link|Telugu Desam Party}}
| alliance = {{Party index link|National Democratic Alliance}}
| latest_election_year = [[2024 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2024]]
| state = [[Andhra Pradesh]]
| district = [[Anantapur district|Anantapur]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Anantapur Lok Sabha constituency|Anantapur]]
| reservation = None
| electors = 249,553
| established = 1951
| type = SLA
| constituency_no = 148
}}

'''Rayadurg Assembly constituency''' is a constituency in [[Anantapur district]] of [[Andhra Pradesh]] that elects representatives to the [[Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly]] in [[India]]. It is one of the seven assembly segments of the constituencies in [[Anantapur Lok Sabha constituency]].<ref name="ECI">{{Cite web |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/CurrentElections/CONSOLIDATED_ORDER%20_ECI%20.pdf |title=Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 2008 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=16 October 2014 |archive-date=5 October 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101005180821/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/CurrentElections/CONSOLIDATED_ORDER%20_ECI%20.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>

[[Kalava Srinivasulu]] is the current [[Member of Legislative Assembly (India)|MLA]] of the constituency, having won the [[2024 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]] from [[Telugu Desam Party]]. As of 2019, there are a total of 249,553 electors in the constituency.{{update after|2024|06}} The constituency was established in 1951, as per the ''Delimitation Orders (1951)''.

== Mandals ==
{{srn}}
{|class="wikitable sortable static-row-numbers static-row-header-hash"
! Mandal
|-
| D. Hirehal
|-
| Rayadurg
|-
| Kanekal
|-
| Bommanahal
|-
| Gummagatta
|}

<mapframe text="Mandals in Rayadurg Assembly Constituency" width=300 height=300 align=center >{ "type": "ExternalData", "service": "geoshape", "ids": "Q2562532,Q60213292,Q60213277,Q60213313,Q60213287"}</mapframe>

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
^ indicates by-election
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year
! Member
! colspan="2" | Political party
|-
| [[1952 Madras Legislative Assembly election|1952]]
| G. Nagabushanam
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=3}}
|-
| [[1955 Andhra State Legislative Assembly election|1955]]
| Seshadri
|-
| [[1962 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1962]]
| Lakka Chinnapa Reddy
|-
| [[1967 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1967]]
| rowspan = 2|J. Thippeswamy
| {{Full party name with color|Swatantra Party}}
|-
| [[1972 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1972]]
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[1978 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1978]]
| K.B.Chennamllappa
|-
| [[1983 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1983]]
| P. Venngopal Reddy
| {{Full party name with color|Independent (politician)}}
|-
| [[1985 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1985]]
| Bandi Hulikuntappa
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[1989 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1989]]
| Patil Venugopal Reddy
|-
| [[1994 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1994]]
| Bandi Hulikuntappa
| {{Full party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}}
|-
| [[1999 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1999]]
| Patil Venugopala Reddy
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[2004 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2004]]
| Mettu Govinda Reddy
| {{Full party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}}
|-
| [[2009 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2009]]
|rowspan=2| [[Kapu Ramachandra Reddy]]
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[2012 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly by-election|2012]]^
| {{Full party name with color|YSR Congress Party}}
|-
| [[2014 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2014]]
| [[Kalava Srinivasulu]]
| {{Full party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}}
|-
| [[2019 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2019]]
| [[Kapu Ramachandra Reddy]]
| {{Full party name with color|YSR Congress Party}}
|-
| [[2024 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2024]]
| [[Kalava Srinivasulu]]
| {{Full party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}}
|}

==Election results==
===1952===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1952 Madras Legislative Assembly election]]: Rayadurg<ref>{{cite web | url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1951/STATISTICALREPORTS_51_MADRAS.pdf | title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1951 : To the Legislative Assembly of Madras | publisher=Election Commission of India | access-date=2014-10-14 |archive-date=27 January 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130127201450/https://eci.gov.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1951/STATISTICALREPORTS_51_MADRAS.pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=G. Nagabushanam |party=Indian National Congress |votes=20,812 |percentage=54.05% |change=54.05% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=K. Chinna Basappa Chowdary |party=Independent politician |votes=14,544 |percentage=37.77% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Moguru Chandrakantha Naidu |party=Independent politician |votes=1,855 |percentage=4.82% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=N. Ranga Rao |party=Independent politician |votes=1,295 |percentage=3.36% |change=
}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=6,268 |percentage=16.28% |change= }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=38,506 |percentage=63.62% |change= }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 60,524 |change = }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner=Indian National Congress |loser= |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

===2004===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2004 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Rayadurg<ref name=election2004>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/4053-andhra-pradesh-2004/ |title=Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly Election, 2004 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date= 18 May 2022}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Telugu Desam Party
|candidate = Mettu Govinda Reddy
|votes = 66,188
|percentage = 52.00
|change = -0.80
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Patil Venugopal Reddy
|votes = 56,083
|percentage = 44.06
|change = -0.49
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 10,105
|percentage = 7.94
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 127,287
|percentage = 72.75
|change = -5.24
}}
{{Election box gain with party link|
|winner = Telugu Desam Party
|loser = Indian National Congress
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2009===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2009 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Rayadurg<ref name=election2009>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/4054-andhra-pradesh-2009/ |title=Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly Election, 2009 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date= 14 September 2021}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = [[Kapu Ramachandra Reddy]]
|votes = 76,259
|percentage = 48.93
|change = -4.87
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Telugu Desam Party
|candidate = Mettu Govinda Reddy
|votes = 62,168
|percentage = 39.89
|change = -12.11
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Praja Rajyam Party
|candidate = Bosula Manohar
|votes = 9,670
|percentage = 6.20
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 14,091
|percentage = 9.04
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 155,854
|percentage = 78.65
|change = +5.90
}}
{{Election box gain with party link|
|winner = Indian National Congress
|loser = Telugu Desam Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2014===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2014 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Rayadurg<ref name=election2014>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/4055-andhra-pradesh-2014/ |title=Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly Election, 2014 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date= 14 September 2021}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Telugu Desam Party
|candidate = [[Kalava Srinivasulu]]
|votes = 92,344
|percentage = 47.91
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = YSR Congress Party
|candidate = [[Kapu Ramachandra Reddy]]
|votes = 90,517
|percentage = 46.96
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 1,827
|percentage = 0.95
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 192,751
|percentage = 85.35
|change = +12.60
}}
{{Election box gain with party link|
|winner = Telugu Desam Party
|loser = YSRCP
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2019===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2019 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Rayadurg<ref name=election2019>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/11673-andhra-pradesh-legislative-assembly-election-2019/ |title=Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly Election, 2019 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date= 14 September 2021}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = YSR Congress Party
|candidate = Kapu Ramachandra Reddy
|votes = 1,12,000
|percentage = 51.46%
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Telugu Desam Party|candidate=[[Kalava Srinivasulu]]|votes=91,994|percentage=41.96%|change=}}
{{Election box majority||votes=14,049|percentage=6.5%|change=}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=216,112|percentage=86.6%|change=+1.25%}}
{{Election box gain with party link|
|winner = YSR Congress Party
|loser = Telugu Desam Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2024 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2024 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Rayadurg<ref name="AP Assembly Election Results 2024 - Rayadurg">{{cite news |last1=Election Commission of India |title=AP Assembly Election Results 2024 - Rayadurg |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/AcResultGenJune2024/candidateswise-S01148.htm |access-date=13 November 2024 |date=4 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241113181711/https://results.eci.gov.in/AcResultGenJune2024/candidateswise-S01148.htm |archive-date=13 November 2024}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Telugu Desam Party
|candidate = [[Kalava Srinivasulu]]
|votes = 1,30,309
|percentage = 57.09
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = YSR Congress Party
|candidate = Mettu Govinda Reddy
|votes = 88,650
|percentage = 38.84
|change =

}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = M. B. Chinnapayya
|votes = 3,388
|percentage = 1.48
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = NOTA
|candidate = [[None of the above]]
|votes = 2,370
|percentage = 1.04
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 41,659
|percentage = 18.25
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 2,28,267
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Telugu Desam Party
|loser = YSR Congress Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
* [[List of constituencies of Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]

==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Coord|14.70|76.85|display=title}}
{{Assembly constituencies of Andhra Pradesh}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Anantapur district]]
[[Category:Politics of Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1951]]
[[Category:1951 establishments in Madras State]]

Ballikurava mandal

2026-04-13T06:46:36Z

Vikiknl:

{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2023}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Ballikurava mandal
| native_name =
| native_name_lang = te
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = [[Mandal]]
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Andhra Pradesh
| pushpin_label_position =
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Andhra Pradesh, India
| coordinates = {{coord|16.000|N|80.022|E|display=inline,title|region:IN_type:city_source:GNS-enwiki}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Andhra Pradesh]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Prakasam district|Prakasam]]
| seat_type = Headquarters
| seat = [[Ballikurava]]
| parts_type = [[Administrative divisions of India|Major villages]]
| parts_style = para
| parts =
| leader_title = [[Tehsildar]]
| leader_name =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 = 225.13
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 53269
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Telugu language|Telugu]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code =
| registration_plate =
| website =
| footnotes =
| mapframe = yes
}}

'''Ballikurava mandal''' is a [[mandal]] in the [[Prakasam district]] of [[Andhra Pradesh]], [[India]]. Its headquarters are in [[Ballikurava]].

==Demographics==

{{bar box
|title=Religions in Ballikurava mandal (2011)<ref name="religion">{{Cite web|date=2011|title=Population by Religion - Andhra Pradesh|url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/11363/download/14476/DDW28C-01%20MDDS.XLS|website=censusindia.gov.in|publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref>
|titlebar=#Fcd116
|left1=Religion
|right1=Percent
|float=left
|bars=
{{bar percent|[[Hinduism]]|darkorange|94.62}}
{{bar percent|[[Andhra Muslims|Islam]]|green|5.05}}
{{bar percent|Other or not stated|black|0.33}}
|caption=Distribution of religions
}}

As of 2011 census, the mandal had a population of 53,269 in 13,661 households. The total population constitute,
26,942 males and 26,327 females — a sex ratio of 977 females per 1000 males. 5,839 children are in the age group of 0–6 years, of which 3,058 are boys and 2,781 are girls — a sex ratio of 909 per 1000. The average literacy rate stands at 56.26% with 26,682 literates. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes make up 14,258 (26.77%) and 3,331 (6.25%) of the population respectively.<ref name="demographics">{{cite web |title=District Census Hand Book – Prakasam |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/126/download/154/DH_2011_2818_PART_A_DCHB_PRAKASAM.pdf|website=[[Census of India]] |publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref>

{{Pie chart
|caption = Languages of Ballikurava mandal (2011)<ref name="language"/>
|thumb = left
|label1 = [[Telugu language|Telugu]] |value1 = 93.81 |color1 = steelblue
|label2 = [[Urdu]] |value2 = 4.62 |color2 = green
|label3 = [[Lambadi]] |value3 = 1.28 |color3 = khaki
|label4 = Others |value4 = 0.29 |color4 = grey
}}

At the time of the 2011 census, 93.81% of the population spoke [[Telugu language|Telugu]], 4.62% [[Urdu]] and 1.28% [[Lambadi]] as their first language.<ref name="language">{{Cite web |title=Table C-16 Population by Mother Tongue: Andhra Pradesh |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/10193/download/13305/DDW-C16-STMT-MDDS-2800.XLSX |website=[[Census of India]] |publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Prakasam district}}
[[Category:Mandals in Prakasam district]]

Anna Thangi (TV series)

2026-04-05T22:49:35Z

Vikiknl: Stub

{{short description|Indian Kannada-language soap opera}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2023}}
{{Infobox television
| image =
| image_alt =
| caption =
| genre = {{plainlist|
* [[Soap opera]]
}}
| writer = D Nagendra Prasad
| screenplay = Dwarki Raghav
| director = Kiran R
| story = Dialogues: Turuvekere Prasad
| starring = Madhu Sagar Akhila Dechamma
| theme_music_composer =
| open_theme = "Ninu Obbale Nana Lokavu" Vivan Arya, Shashank, Shruthi Prashant (Vocals)
| composer =
| language = Kannada
| num_seasons = 2
| num_episodes = 1174
| producer = [[K. M. Chaitanya]] Haridas K. G. F
| editor = Gururaj B. K.
| camera = [[Multi-camera]]
| runtime = 22–23 minutes
| company = Chaitanya Haridas Cinemas
| network = [[Udaya TV]]
| related = [[Vanathai Pola (TV series)|Vanathai Pola]]
| first_aired = {{Start date|2021|11|22|df=y}}
| last_aired = {{End date|2025|08|23|df=y}}
}}

'''''Anna Thangi''''' was an Indian [[Kannada language]] [[soap opera]] airing on [[Udaya TV]]. The show premiered on 22 November 2021 and ended on 23 August 2025. It stars Madhu Sagar and Akhila Dechamma in lead roles. The series is an official remake of [[Tamil language]] serial [[Vanathai Pola (TV series)|Vanathai Pola]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/kannada/watch-new-show-anna-tangi-from-monday/articleshow/87753187.cms|title=Watch new show Anna Tangi from Monday|newspaper=The Times of India}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/kannada/anna-thangi-to-premiere-today-heres-everything-you-need-to-know-about-the-upcoming-show/articleshow/87844054.cms|title=Anna Thangi to premiere today; here's everything you need to know about the upcoming show|newspaper=The Times of India}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://pipanews.com/new-serial-anna-sister-on-udaya-tv-since-when-what-kind-of-story-udaya-tv-new-kannada-serial-anna-thangi-to-go-on-air-22nd-november/|title=New serial 'Anna-sister' on 'Udaya TV'; Since when? What kind of story?, Udaya TV new Kannada serial Anna Thangi to go on air 22nd November|website=pipanews.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/kannada/daily-soap-anna-thangi-completes-100-episodes/articleshow/90373263.cms|title=Daily soap Anna Thangi completes 100 episodes|newspaper=The Times of India}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=ಕಿರುತೆರೆಯಲ್ಲಿ ಸೆಂಚುರಿ ಬಾರಿಸಿ ಸಂಭ್ರಮಿಸಿದ 'ಅಣ್ಣ-ತಂಗಿ'; ಮಹತ್ವದ ಘಟ್ಟ ತಲುಪಿದ ಧಾರಾವಾಹಿ |url=https://vijaykarnataka.com/tv/news/k-m-chaitanya-akhila-prakashs-anna-thangi-serial-completes-100-episode/articleshow/90663038.cms |access-date=2023-03-03 |website=Vijay Karnataka |language=kn}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-04-05 |title=Anna Thangi Serial 100 Episodes On Udaya TV - Monday To Saturday At 7:00 P:M |url=https://www.indiantvinfo.com/anna-thangi-serial-100-episode/ |access-date=2023-03-03 |website=Indian TV News |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=ಕಿರುತೆರೆಗೆ ಕಾಲಿಟ್ಟ ನಟಿ ಅಖಿಲಾ ಪ್ರಕಾಶ್; ಶುರುವಾಗಲಿದೆ ಹೊಸ ಧಾರಾವಾಹಿ 'ಅಣ್ಣ-ತಂಗಿ' |url=https://vijaykarnataka.com/tv/news/akhila-prakash-k-m-chaitanyas-new-serial-anna-thangi-to-go-on-air-on-udaya-tv-from-november-22nd/articleshow/87749077.cms |access-date=2023-03-03 |website=Vijay Karnataka |language=kn}}</ref>

==Plot==
Shivaraju and Tulasi are siblings who lose their parents at a young age. They will go to any lengths for each other. Though Tulasi is in love with Abhishek, she agrees to her brother's wish in marriage. The stirring tale of this doting brother and sister forms the crux of the story.

==Cast==
===Main===
*Madhu Sagar as Shivaraju
*Akhila Dechamma as Tulasi
* Prajawal as Indra
*Anivitha as Jyothi
*Binny Joseph as Ganga

===Supporting===
* [[Mansi Joshi (actress)|Mansi Joshi]] / Jessica/ as Sandhya
*Rajesh Dhruva / Yadu Shreshtha / Anirish as Abhishek
*Swaraj Shetty / Prajwal Ravi<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/kannada/actor-prajwal-ravi-replaces-swaraj-shetty-in-anna-thangi/articleshow/88563620.cms|title=Actor Prajwal Ravi replaces Swaraj Shetty in 'Anna Thangi'|website=Times of India}}</ref> as Indra
*Radha Ramachandra / Leela Basavaraju as Ajji
*Rohith Nagesh / Ramesh Salagunidi as Najjappa
*Sharmita
*Girish Jatti
*Tanuja / Padhma Shivamogga as Chandirka
* Rajini as savithri

==Production==
===Casting===
Madhu Sagar<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.kannadatvshows.com/anna-tangi-serial-udaya-star-cast/|title=Anna Tangi Serial Star Cast – Akhila Prakash And Madhusagar In Lead Roles|website=kannadatvshows.com}}</ref> was selected to portray the lead role as Shivaraju. Akhila Dechamma<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/kannada/akhila-dechamma-bags-a-pivotal-role-in-anna-tengi/articleshow/87503063.cms|title=Akhila Dechamma bags a pivotal role in Anna Thangi|newspaper=The Times of India}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://vijaykarnataka.com/tv/news/akhila-prakash-k-m-chaitanyas-new-serial-anna-thangi-to-go-on-air-on-udaya-tv-from-november-22nd/articleshow/87749077.cms|title=ಕಿರುತೆರೆಗೆ ಕಾಲಿಟ್ಟ ನಟಿ ಅಖಿಲಾ ಪ್ರಕಾಶ್; ಶುರುವಾಗಲಿದೆ ಹೊಸ ಧಾರಾವಾಹಿ 'ಅಣ್ಣ-ತಂಗಿ'|website=vijaykarnataka.com}}</ref> made her television acting debut with the series by playing another lead role as Thulasi. Mansi Joshi<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://vijaykarnataka.com/tv/news/actress-manasi-joshi-quit-telugu-serial-started-shooting-anna-tangi-serial/articleshow/87535310.cms|title=ತೆಲುಗು ಧಾರಾವಾಹಿ ಮುಗಿದ ನಂತರ ಈಗ 'ಅಣ್ಣ ತಂಗಿ' ಸೀರಿಯಲ್‌ನಲ್ಲಿ ನಟಿಸುತ್ತಿರುವೆ: ಮಾನ್ಸಿ ಜೋಶಿ|website=vijaykarnataka.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://kannada.asianetnews.com/cine-world/actress-mansi-joshi-quits-daily-soap-anna-thangi-serial-sgk-rcp582|title=ಅಣ್ಣ-ತಂಗಿ ಧಾರಾವಾಹಿಯಿಂದ ಹೊರ ನಡೆದ ನಟಿ ಮಾನ್ಸಿ ಜೋಶಿ; ಕಾರಣವೇನು?|website=asianetnews.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/kannada/mansi-joshi-quits-daily-soap-anna-thangi/articleshow/91889679.cms|title=Mansi Joshi quits daily soap 'Anna Thangi'|website=Times of India}}</ref> was selected in a supporting role but later was replaced by Jessica. Meanwhile Rajesh Dhruva<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/kannada/rajesh-dhruva-to-make-his-acting-comeback-with-soon-to-be-launched-anna-thangi/articleshow/87663990.cms|title=Rajesh Dhruva to make his acting comeback with soon-to-be-launched 'Anna Thangi'|newspaper=The Times of India}}</ref> was cast in supporting role who made his comeback with the series but was later replaced actor Yadu Shreshtha.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/kannada/yadu-shreshtha-replaces-rajesh-dhruva-in-anna-thangi/articleshow/92598525.cms|title=Yadu Shreshtha replaces Rajesh Dhruva in 'Anna Thangi'|website=Times of India}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:2021 Indian television series debuts]]
[[Category:Kannada-language television shows]]
[[Category:Sun Udaya original programming]]
[[Category:Kannada-language television series based on Tamil-language television series]]

{{India-tv-prog-stub}}

Gurmeet Singh Meet Hayer

2026-04-05T22:21:18Z

Vikiknl: new

{{Short description|Indian politician (born 1989)}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2019}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2019}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| birth_name = Gurmeet Singh Hayer
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1989|04|21}}
| birth_place = [[Barnala]], [[Punjab, India]]
| image = Meet Hayer L1.jpg
| office = [[Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha|Member of Parliament]], [[Lok Sabha]]
| constituency = [[Sangrur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Sangrur]]
| term_start = 25 June 2024
| predecessor = [[Simranjit Singh Mann]]
| office1 = [[Mann ministry|Cabinet Minister]], [[Government of Punjab (India)|Government of Punjab]]
| governor1 = [[Banwarilal Purohit]]
| subterm1 = '''Cabinet'''
| suboffice1 = [[Mann ministry]]
| 1blankname1 = Chief Minister
| 1namedata1 = [[Bhagwant Mann]]
| 2blankname1 =
| 2namedata1 =
| term_start1 = 19 March 2022
| term_end1 = 27 June 2024
| predecessor1 =
| office2 = [[Punjab Legislative Assembly|Member of the Punjab Legislative Assembly]]
| predecessor3 = [[Kewal Singh Dhillon]]
| term_start3 = 11 March 2017
| term_end3 = 10 March 2022
| constituency3 = [[Barnala Assembly constituency|Barnala]]
| term_start2 = 11 March 2022
| term_end2 = 18 June 2024
| successor2 = [[Kuldeep Singh Dhillon|Kala Dhillon]]
| constituency2 = [[Barnala Assembly constituency|Barnala]]
| office4 = Floor leader of [[Aam Aadmi Party|AAP]] in [[Lok Sabha]]
| term_start4 = 25 June 2024
| office5 = Youth President of [[Aam Aadmi Party Punjab|AAP Punjab]]
| term_start5 = 25 October 2020
| term_end5 = 28 January 2024
| successor5 = [[Manjinder Singh Lalpura]]
| party = [[Aam Aadmi Party]]
| occupation = Politician
| 3blankname1 = Ministry and Departments
| 3namedata1 = {{bulleted list| |School Education| Higher Education & Languages| Sports & Youth Services| Printing & Stationary| Governance Reforms| Water Resources| Mines & Geology| Conservation of Soil & Water| Science, Technology & Environment|}}
| honorific_prefix =
| honorific_suffix = [[Member of Parliament (India)|Member Parliament]]
| name = Meet Hayer
| country = India
| education = Mechanical Engineer
}}

'''Gurmeet Singh Meet Hayer''' is an Indian politician and a prominent member of [[Aam Aadmi Party|Aam Aadmi Party (AAP)]]. Currently serving as the [[Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha]] for [[Sangrur Lok Sabha constituency|Sangrur constituency]] and is also the Floor leader of [[Aam Aadmi Party]] in [[Lok Sabha]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-06-15 |title=Hayer to lead AAP parliamentary group |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chandigarh/gurmeet-singh-meet-hayer-appointed-as-leader-of-aap-parliamentary-group/articleshow/111009804.cms |access-date=2024-12-08 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

Previously he represented [[Barnala Assembly constituency|Barnala constituency]] as a Member of the [[Punjab Legislative Assembly]] for two consecutive terms. Hayer first won the assembly elections in [[2017 Punjab Legislative Assembly election|2017]], defeating [[Indian National Congress]] candidate [[Kewal Singh Dhillon]],<ref>{{cite web |title=Kewal Dhillon defeated - AAP candidate Meet Hayer wins Barnala Assembly Poll |url=http://www.yespunjab.com/punjab-elections-2017-results/item/118403-kewal-dhillon-defeated-aap-candidate-meet-hayer-wins-barnala-assembly-poll |accessdate=31 May 2018 |language=en-gb}}</ref> and repeated his success in 2022 with a commanding margin, securing nearly 50% of the votes.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Punjab General Legislative Election 2022 |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/14165-punjab-general-legislative-election-2022/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240317180246/https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/14165-punjab-general-legislative-election-2022/ |archive-date=2024-03-17 |access-date=2024-12-26 |website=Election Commission of India |language=en-IN}}</ref>

During his tenure in the [[Mann ministry]], he held several key portfolios. Additionally, he has served as the in-charge of AAP's Youth Wing in Punjab.<ref name="Tribune News 22 September 2021">{{cite news |date=22 September 2021 |title=Akalis defaming farmers: AAP |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/punjab/akalis-defaming-farmers-aap-314774 |access-date=25 March 2022 |work=Tribuneindia News Service |language=en}}</ref>

==Member of the Legislative Assembly==
===First Term===
Hayer was first elected as an [[Member of Legislative Assembly (India)|MLA]] in the [[2017 Punjab Legislative Assembly election]]. He represented the [[Barnala Assembly constituency]] in the [[Punjab Legislative Assembly]].

;[[Punjab Legislative Assembly#Committees|Committee assignments of Punjab Legislative Assembly]]
*Chairman (2021–22) [[Public accounts committee|Public Accounts Committee]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Punjab Vidhan Sabha speaker nominates various committees of House for year 2021-22 |url=https://www.punjabnewsexpress.com/punjab/news/punjab-vidhan-sabha-speaker-nominates-various-committees-of-house-for-year-2021-22-136750 |access-date=15 June 2022 |work=punjabnewsexpress.com |date=28 April 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Punjab Vidhan Sabha Speaker nominates various committees of House for year 2021-22 – TheFactNews |date=29 April 2021 |url=https://thefactnews.in/punjab-vidhan-sabha-speaker-nominates-various-committees-of-house-for-year-2021-22/ |access-date=15 June 2022 |archive-date=22 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220622113345/https://thefactnews.in/punjab-vidhan-sabha-speaker-nominates-various-committees-of-house-for-year-2021-22/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>
He has also been a member in the following Committees:<ref>{{Cite web |title=Punjab Vidhaan Sabha Official Website |url=https://punjabassembly.nic.in/Members/MembersProfile?MemberID=37&AssemblyID=15 |website=Punjab Vidhan Sabha Official Website}}</ref>-

# Public Undertakings Committee
# House Committee and Petitions Committee of Punjab Vidhan Sabha.
# Member of Government Assurances Committee of Punjab Vidhan Sabha for the year 2019-20.

===Second Term===
Hayer was re-elected as the MLA from Barnala Assembly constituency in the [[2022 Punjab Legislative Assembly election]] with getting almost 50% of the votes polled giving him a comprehensive win over his nearest rival. The Aam Aadmi Party gained a strong 79% majority in the [[sixteenth Punjab Legislative Assembly]] by winning 92 out of [[List of constituencies of the Punjab Legislative Assembly|117 seats]] in the 2022 Punjab Legislative Assembly election. MP [[Bhagwant Mann]] was sworn in as [[List of chief ministers of Punjab (India)|Chief Minister]] on 16 March 2022.<ref>{{Cite news |last= |first= |date=16 March 2022 |title=AAP's Bhagwant Mann sworn in as Punjab Chief Minister |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/elections/punjab-assembly/aaps-bhagwant-mann-sworn-in-as-punjab-cm/article65230309.ece |access-date=22 March 2022 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> Hayer took oath as a Cabinet Minister along with nine other MLAs on 19 March at Guru Nanak Dev auditorium of [[Raj Bhavan, Punjab|Punjab Raj Bhavan]] in [[Chandigarh]].<ref name="Tribune 18 March 2022">{{cite news |last1= |first1= |title=Ten Punjab ministers to take oath on Saturday |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/punjab/punjab-ministers-to-take-oath-on-saturday-378869 |access-date=18 March 2022 |work=Tribuneindia News Service |date=18 March 2022 |language=en |archive-date=18 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220318092034/https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/punjab/punjab-ministers-to-take-oath-on-saturday-378869 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="NDTV 25K 19 March 2022">{{cite news |title=25,000 Government Jobs For Punjab: New Chief Minister's 1st Decision |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/25-000-government-jobs-for-punjab-new-chief-minister-bhagwant-manns-1st-decision-2831372 |access-date=19 March 2022 |work=NDTV.com |agency=Press Trust of India |date=19 March 2022 |archive-date=19 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220319125442/https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/25-000-government-jobs-for-punjab-new-chief-minister-bhagwant-manns-1st-decision-2831372 |url-status=live }}</ref>

As a cabinet minister in the [[Mann ministry]], Hayer was initially given the charge of three departments of the [[Government of Punjab, India|Punjab Government]]:<ref name="Tribune News 21 March 2022">{{cite news |title=Punjab portfolios announced; CM Mann keeps Home and Vigilance, Cheema gets Finance, Singla Health, Harbhajan Power |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/punjab/punjab-portfolios-announced-cheema-gets-finance-and-revenue-harbhajan-eto-power-dr-baljit-women-welfare-and-child-development-379489 |access-date=21 March 2022 |work=Tribuneindia News Service |date=21 March 2022 |language=en}}</ref>
# Department of School Education (March - July 2022)
# Department of Sports and Youth Services
# Department of Higher Education and Languages

On 5 July, Bhagwant Mann announced the [[Mann ministry#Council of Ministers|expansion of his cabinet of ministers]] with five new ministers to the departments of Punjab state government. Hayer has now been given the charge of following departments.<ref name="Tribune News 05 July 2022">{{cite news |title=Punjab Cabinet expansion: Anmol Gagan gets tourism; Indervir Nijjar local bodies, Chetan Singh health |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/punjab/punjab-cabinet-expansion-anmol-gagan-gets-tourism-indervir-nijjar-local-bodies-chetan-singh-health-409731 |access-date=5 July 2022 |work=Tribune India News Service |date=5 July 2022 |language=en }}</ref>

# Governance Reforms
# Printing & Stationery
# Science Technology & Environment
# Sports and Youth Services
# Higher Education and Languages

On 7 January 2023, during the cabinet reshuffle, his portfolios were changed and he has now been given the charge of following departments.

# Governance Reforms
# Water Resources
# Mines & Geology
# Science Technology & Environment
# Sports and Youth Services

== Member of the Parliament ==
In 2024 Gurmeet Singh Meet Hayer is elected to Lok Sabha from Sangrur Lok Sabha by defeating Sukhpal Singh Khaira from Congress by a margin of 172560 votes.

Hayer has been chosen as a member in Parliamentary standing committee on IT (2024–25).<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mimansa |date=2024-09-27 |title=Parliamentary standing committee on IT(2024-25): List of Members |url=https://www.medianama.com/2024/09/223-parliamentary-standing-committee-it-list-of-members/ |access-date=2024-11-06 |website=MEDIANAMA |language=en-US}}</ref>

==Electoral Performance ==
{{transcluded section|source=Barnala Assembly constituency}}
{{trim|{{#section-h:Barnala Assembly constituency|2017}}}}
{{trim|{{#section-h:Barnala Assembly constituency|2022}}}}
{{transcluded section|source=Sangrur Lok Sabha constituency}}{{Election box begin|title=[[2024 Indian general elections|General Election 2024]]: [[Sangrur]]}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|party=Aam Aadmi Party|candidate=Gurmeet Singh Meet Hayer|votes=3,64,085|percentage=36.06|change={{increase}}1.27}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Indian National Congress|candidate=Sukhpal Singh Khaira|votes=1,91,525|percentage=18.97|change={{increase}}7.76}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Shiromani Akali Dal (Amritsar)|candidate=Simranjit Singh Mann|votes=1,87,246|percentage=18.55|change={{decrease}}17.06}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Bharatiya Janata Party|candidate=[[Arvind Khanna]]|votes=1,28,253|percentage=12.70|change={{increase}}3.37}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Shiromani Akali Dal|candidate=Iqbal Singh Jhundan|votes=62,488|percentage=6.19|change={{decrease}}0.06}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=None of the above|candidate=None of the Above|votes=3,820|percentage=0.38|change={{increase}}0.03}}
{{Election box majority|votes=1,72,560|percentage={{increase}}17.09|change={{increase}}16.21|}}
{{Election box turnout|votes=10,09,665|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box registered electors|reg. electors=15,56,601|ref=}}
{{Election box gain with party link|winner=Aam Aadmi Party|loser=Shiromani Akali Dal (Amritsar)|swing={{increase}}1.27}}
{{Election box end}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://www.elections.in/punjab/assembly-constituencies/barnala.html Constituencies]
* [https://www.ndtv.com/elections/punjab/barnala-mla-results Results]

{{s-start}}
{{s-off}}
{{s-bef
| before = [[Pargat Singh]]
}}
{{s-ttl
| title = [[Mann ministry|Punjab Cabinet minister]] for [[Departments of Government of Punjab, India|School Education]]
| years = March 2022 –June 2024
}}
{{s-aft
| after = [[Harjot Singh Bains]]
}}
{{s-bef
| before = [[Pargat Singh]]
}}
{{s-ttl
| title = [[Mann ministry|Punjab Cabinet minister]] for [[Departments of Government of Punjab, India|Sports and Youth Services]]
| years = 2022–present
}}
{{s-inc}}
{{s-bef
| before = [[Pargat Singh]]
}}
{{s-ttl
| title = [[Mann ministry|Punjab Cabinet minister]] for [[Departments of Government of Punjab, India|Higher Education and Languages]]
| years = 2022–present
}}
{{s-inc}}
{{s-bef
| before = [[Bhagwant Mann]]
}}
{{s-ttl
| title = [[Mann ministry|Punjab Cabinet minister]] for [[Departments of Government of Punjab, India|Governance Reforms]]
| years = 2022–present
}}
{{s-inc}}
{{s-bef
| before = [[Bhagwant Mann]]
}}
{{s-ttl
| title = [[Mann ministry|Punjab Cabinet minister]] for [[Departments of Government of Punjab, India|Printing & Stationery]]
| years = 2022–present
}}
{{s-inc}}
{{s-bef
| before = [[Bhagwant Mann]]
}}
{{s-ttl
| title = [[Mann ministry|Punjab Cabinet minister]] for [[Departments of Government of Punjab, India|Science Technology & Environment]]
| years = 2022–present
}}
{{s-inc}}
{{s-par|in-la}}
{{IN MLA box
| state= Punjab
| constituency= Barnala
| before =[[Kewal Singh Dhillon]]
| after=
| years= [[2017 Punjab Legislative Assembly election|2017]] – }}
{{s-end}}
{{18th LS members from Punjab}}{{Aam Aadmi Party}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Hayer, Meet}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Punjab, India MLAs 2017–2022]]
[[Category:Place of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:People from Barnala]]
[[Category:Aam Aadmi Party politicians from Punjab, India]]
[[Category:1989 births]]
[[Category:Punjab, India MLAs 2022–2027]]
[[Category:Mann ministry]]
[[Category:Education ministers of Punjab, India]]
[[Category:India MPs 2024–2029]]
[[Category:Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance candidates in 2024 Indian general election]]

Great Andamanese peoples

2026-04-04T16:56:53Z

Vikiknl: article

{{Short description|Indigenous people in the Andaman Islands}}
{{redirect|Great Andamanese|the language group|Great Andamanese languages}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2020}}
{{Infobox ethnic group
|group=Great Andamanese
|image = Great Andamanese RIALA 1890.jpg
|caption = Riala, an interpreter for the British from the [[Aka-Kede|Aka-Kede Tribe]] of Great Andamanese from [[Middle Andaman]], in 1890
|population = 59 (2020)<ref name="covid">{{cite news|url=https://theguardian.com/world/2020/aug/27/tribespeople-of-andaman-islands-in-bay-of-bengal-test-positive-for-covid-19|title=Ten in remote Indian tribe of 59 test positive for Covid-19|work=The Guardian|first=Hannah|last=Ellis-Petersen|date=27 August 2020|access-date=28 August 2020}}</ref>
|popplace=
| region1 = {{flag|India}} [[Andaman and Nicobar Islands]] ([[Strait Island]])
| pop1 = 59
|langs=originally [[Great Andamanese languages]], today mainly [[Hindi language|Hindi]] and other [[Languages of India|Indian languages]], Census of India 2001
|related=[[Onge language|Onge]], [[Jarawa language (Andaman Islands)|Jarawa]], [[Jangil]], [[Sentinelese]]
}}
The '''Great Andamanese''' are an [[indigenous people]] of the [[Great Andaman]] [[archipelago]] in the [[Andaman Islands]]. Historically, the Great Andamanese lived throughout the archipelago, and were divided into ten major tribes. Their distinct but closely related languages comprised the [[Great Andamanese languages]], one of the two identified [[Andamanese languages|Andamanese language families]].<ref name="jarawa">{{cite web |url=http://www.survivalinternational.org/tribes/jarawa/greatandamanese |title=Jarawa: The Great Andamanese |work=[[Survival International]] |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141012063111/https://www.survivalinternational.org/tribes/jarawa/greatandamanese |archive-date=12 October 2014 |quote=The Great Andamanese were originally ten distinct tribes, including the Jeru, Bea, Bo, Khora and Pucikwar. Each had its own distinct language, and numbered between about 200 and 700 people. They are now collectively known as the Great Andamanese.}}</ref>

The Great Andamanese were clearly related to the other [[Andamanese peoples]], but were well separated from them by culture, language and geography. The languages of those other four groups were only distantly related to those of the Great Andamanese and mutually unintelligible; they are classified in a separate family, the [[Ongan languages]].{{Citation needed|date=January 2024}}

They were once the most numerous of the five major groups in the Andaman Islands with an estimated population between 2,000 and 6,600, before they were killed or died out due to diseases, [[Alcoholic drink|alcohol]], colonial warfare and loss of hunting territory. Only 52 remained as of February 2010;<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/india/7161422/Language-lost-as-last-member-of-Andaman-tribe-dies.html |title=Language lost as last member of Andaman tribe dies |author= |date=5 February 2010 |newspaper=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |access-date=3 January 2017}}</ref> by August 2020 there were 59. The tribal and linguistic distinctions have largely disappeared, so they may now be considered a single Great Andamanese ethnic group with mixed [[Bamar people|Burmese]], Hindi and aboriginal descent.<ref name="weber7"/><ref name="abbiweb">{{cite web |url=http://www.andamanese.net/generalia.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101023084412/http://www.andamanese.net/generalia.html |url-status=usurped |archive-date=23 October 2010 |title=Great Andamanese Community |first=Anvita |last=Abbi |date=2006 |website=Vanishing Voices of the Great Andamanese |access-date=2012-07-12}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.andamanese.net/index.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071017094120/http://andamanese.net/index.html |url-status=usurped |archive-date=17 October 2007 |title=VOGA |website=Vanishing Voices of the Great Andamanese}}</ref>

==Origin ==
The Great Andamanese are classified by [[anthropology|anthropologists]] as one of the [[Negrito|Negrito peoples]], which also include the other four [[Andamanese people|aboriginal groups of the Andaman islands]] ([[Onge people|Onge]], [[Jarawa people (Andaman Islands)|Jarawa]], [[Jangil]] and [[Sentinelese people|Sentinelese]]) and five other isolated populations of [[Southeast Asia]]. The Andaman Negritos are thought to be the first inhabitants of the islands, having emigrated from the mainland tens of thousands of years ago.<ref name="andaman">{{Cite web |title=Members of Ancient Tribe Escape |url=http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2005/01/14/world/main667171.shtml |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050210095147/http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2005/01/14/world/main667171.shtml |url-status=dead |archive-date=10 February 2005 |quote=Anthropologists believe five tribes of the southern Indian archipelago—including the Jarawas, Shompens, Onges and Sentinelese—date back 70,000 years. |work=CBS News |date=2005-01-14}}</ref>

Until the late 18th century, the Andamanese peoples were preserved from outside influences by their fierce rejection of contacts (which included killing any shipwrecked foreigners) and by the remoteness of the islands. Thus, the ten Great Andamanese tribes and the other four indigenous groups are thought to have diverged on their own over the course of millennia.{{Citation needed|date=January 2024}}

==Demographics==
[[File:Languages and dialects of the Andaman Islands at British contact.png|thumb|Territories of the Great Andamanese tribes, languages, and dialects and other Andamanese peoples at the time of British contact]]
In 1789, when the [[British Empire|British]] established a colonial presence on [[Great Andaman]], the Great Andamanese were divided into 10 main tribes with each having a distinct language, each counting between 200 and 700 individuals.<ref name="weber8"/> Their territories spanned most of the Great Andaman islands, including [[Ritchie's Archipelago]] and [[Rutland Island]] but excluding [[Little Andaman]] (inhabited by the Onge) and the [[North Sentinel Island|North]] and [[South Sentinel Island]]s (of the [[Sentinelese]]). On [[South Andaman Island|South Andaman]] the Great Andamanese coexisted with the [[Jarawas (Andaman Islands)|Jarawa]], and on Rutland Island with the [[Jangil]]. Arranged by territory, roughly from north to south, the original tribes were:<ref name="jarawa"/>
* Northern subgroup (Yerewa):
** [[Cari people|(Aka-)Kari]] or Cari – N of [[North Andaman Island|North Andaman]] – 2 individuals in 1994<ref name="gob"/>
** [[Kora people|(Aka-)Kora]], Khora or Cora – E of North Andaman – extinct by 1994<ref name="gob"/>
** [[Bo people (Andaman)|(Aka-)Bo]] – W of North Andaman – 15 individuals in 1994<ref name="gob"/>
** [[Jeru people|(Aka-)Jeru]] – S and central North Andaman – 19 individuals in 1994<ref name="gob">{{cite book |last=Sharma |first=A. N. |title=Tribal Development in Andaman Islands |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WEztW7c0CqQC&pg=PA75 |date=2003 |location=New Delhi |publisher=Sarup & Sons |isbn=978-81-7625-347-5 |page=75}}</ref>
* Southern subgroup (Bojigyab):
** [[Kede people|(Aka-)Kede]] – N of [[Middle Andaman Island|Middle Andaman]] – extinct soon after 1931.<ref name="vanDriem2001" />
** [[Kol people (Andaman)|(Aka-)Kol]] – SE of Middle Andaman – extinct by 1921.<ref name="vanDriem2001" />
** [[Juwoi people|(Oko-)Juwoi]] – SW of Middle Andaman – extinct by 1931<ref name="vanDriem2001" />
** [[Pucikwar people|(A-)Pucikwar]] – NE of South Andaman and [[Baratang Island|Baratang]] – extinct soon after 1931.<ref name="vanDriem2001" />
** [[Bale people|(Akar-)Bale]] – Ritchie's Archipelago – extinct soon after 1931.<ref name="vanDriem2001" />
** [[Bea people|(Aka-)Bea]] – coast of South Andaman and Rutland Island – extinct by 1931.<ref name="vanDriem2001" />

(The prefixed forms of the names actually refer to the respective languages, but they are often used for the tribes themselves.) By 1994 there were also four Great Andamanese individuals with no tribal affiliation.<ref name="gob"/>

The Great Andaman islands run in a north–south line for some 350 km but are only some 50 km wide at their widest extent. This peculiar geography meant that each tribe typically had only two or three neighbours. Indeed, until colonial times, the northern and southern tribes seemed unaware of each other's existence.<ref name="weber8"/> Except for the Bea and Bale, who had intense and friendly relations and whose languages were mutually intelligible to some extent, there was little interaction between the tribes at the time of first European contacts.<ref name="weber8"/> The tribes were further split into smaller units—"septs", "local groups", and families—and also between shore-dwellers (''aryoto'') and forest-dwellers (''eremtaga'').<ref name="weber8"/>
[[File:Distribution of different Andamanese peoples, languages, and dialects at the time of British contact compared to the present day.png|left|thumb|240x240px|The distributions of different Andamanese peoples, languages, and dialects at the time of British contact compared to the present-day.]]

===Population decline===
Estimates of the Great Andamanese population by the time of the establishment of a British colonial presence (1789–1796) vary between 2000 and 6600 individuals.<ref name="weber7">{{cite book |chapter-url=http://www.andaman.org/BOOK/chapter7/text7.htm |chapter=7. Numbers |first=George |last=Weber |date=2009 |title=The Andamanese |access-date=2012-07-12 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120531230544/http://www.andaman.org/BOOK/chapter7/text7.htm |archive-date=31 May 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |url=http://www.andaman.org/BOOK/text-group-BodyChapters.htm |first=George |last=Weber |date=2009 |title=The Andamanese |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130724070402/http://andaman.org/BOOK/text-group-BodyChapters.htm |archive-date=24 July 2013}}</ref> When the [[British Raj|British]] established a permanent settlement and [[penal colony]] on Great Andaman in the 1860s, the population was estimated at 3500.<ref name="weber7"/> At that time their isolated culture was suddenly confronted with the industrial and colonial culture of 19th century Europe.<ref name="cooper2002">{{Cite book |title=Archaeology and History: Early Settlements in the Andaman Islands |first=Zarine |last=Cooper |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2002 |isbn=0-19-565792-6 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Bg5uAAAAMAAJ |quote=... iron implements, glass bottles, beads, and other objects were freely distributed by the British among the Great Andamanese...}}</ref><ref name="mukerjee2003" /> The colonial administrators proactively tried to pacify and co-opt the tribes, recruiting them to capture escaped convicts. Populations went into sharp decline due to outside diseases.<ref name="lee1999">{{Cite book |title=The Cambridge Encyclopedia of Hunters and Gatherers |first1=Richard B. |last1=Lee |first2=Richard Heywood |last2=Daly |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=1999 |isbn=0-521-57109-X |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5eEASHGLg3MC |quote=... Over time, the Great Andamanese, who occupied the forests around Port Blair, were pacified. Beginning to cooperate with British authorities, they helped recapture escaped convicts. By 1875, when these peoples were perilously close to extinction, the Andaman cultures came under scientific scrutiny...}}</ref> Outside [[infectious diseases]], to which the islanders had no immunity, decimated the tribes at the end of the 19th century; In some cases, people who became sick were killed by other tribe members in an attempt to stop contagion.<ref name="weber7"/> The migration of Indian settlers to the islands accelerated this decline.{{fact|date=June 2021}}

By 1901, only 625 Great Andamanese were left,<ref name="weber7"/><ref name="asi1990">{{Cite book |title=The Jarawa |first=Jayanta |last=Sarkar |publisher=Anthropological Survey of India |year=1990 |isbn=81-7046-080-8 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HxBuAAAAMAAJ |quote=... The Great Andamanese population was large till 1858 when it started declining ... In 1901, their number was reduced to only 600 and in 1961 to a mere 19 ...}}</ref> and following censuses reported steadily declining numbers: 455 in 1911, 207 in 1921, 90 in 1931.<ref name="weber7"/> [[Egon Freiherr von Eickstedt|Von Eickstedt]] counted "around one hundred" in 1927.<ref name="mukerjee2003">{{Cite book |title=The Land of Naked People |first=Madhusree |last=Mukerjee |publisher=Houghton Mifflin Books |year=2003 |isbn=0-618-19736-2 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=u6373dOvGFgC |quote=... In 1927 Egon Freiherr von Eickstedt, a German anthropologist, found that around one hundred Great Andamanese survived, 'in dirty, half-closed huts, which primarily contain cheap European household effects.'}}</ref>

In 1949, the surviving Great Andamanese were relocated to a reservation on [[Bluff Island (Andaman)|Bluff Island]] (1.14 [[square kilometre|km2]]) in an attempt to protect them from diseases and other threats.<ref name="mann">{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FPX6wiuZ3ikC&pg=PA149 |title=Andaman and Nicobar Tribes Restudied: Encounters and Concerns |first=Rann Singh |last=Mann |date=2005 |page=149 |publisher=Mittal Publications |isbn=81-8324-010-0}}</ref> In 1951, after [[Independence of India|Indian independence]], their numbers had shrunk to about 25,<ref name="vanDriem2001">{{Cite book |title=Languages of the Himalayas: An Ethnolinguistic Handbook of the Greater Himalayan Region : Containing an Introduction to the Symbiotic Theory of Language |first=George |last=van Driem |year=2001 |publisher=Brill |isbn=90-04-12062-9 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fiavPYCz4dYC |quote=... The Aka-Kol tribe of Middle Andaman became extinct by 1921. The Oko-Juwoi of Middle Andaman and the Aka-Bea of South Andaman and Rutland Island were extinct by 1931. The Akar-Bale of Ritchie's Archipelago, the Aka-Kede of Middle Andaman and the A-Pucikwar of South Andaman Island soon followed. By 1951, the census counted a total of only 23 Greater Andamanese and 10 Sentinelese. That means that just ten men, twelve women and one child remained of the Aka-Kora, Aka-Cari and Aka-Jeru tribes of Greater Andaman and only ten natives of North Sentinel Island ...}}</ref> mostly from the northern tribes.<ref name="weber8"/> They became extinct in the mid 20th century, but had a few admixed individuals which went to an all-time low of only 19 in 1961.<ref name="asi1990"/><ref name="cen5101">{{cite web |url=http://www.and.nic.in/stats/BasicStatistics/basicstat%20PDF/03%20Demography.pdf |title=Basic Statistics – 1 – Demographics, table 1.16 'Tribal Population' |date=2011 |website=A & N Islands Administration, Directorate of Economics and Statistics |access-date=2012-07-12 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140903131330/http://www.and.nic.in/stats/BasicStatistics/basicstat%20PDF/03%20Demography.pdf |archive-date=3 September 2014}}</ref>

In 1969, the 23 surviving Great Andamanese were again relocated, to [[Strait Island]] (about 5 km2).<ref name="mann"/> Their numbers have slowly increased since then, to 24 (1971 census), 26 (1981), 45 (1991), and 43 (2001). There were about 50 individuals living on Strait Island in 2006<ref name="abbi2006">{{Cite book |title=Endangered Languages of the Andaman Islands |first=Anvita |last=Abbi |author-link=Anvita Abbi |year=2006 |publisher=Lincom Europa |isbn=9783895868665 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VWVkAAAAMAAJ |quote=... The latest figure in 2005 is 50 in all ...}}</ref> and 52 individuals in January 2010.<ref name=telegraph>{{cite news |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/india/7161422/Language-lost-as-last-member-of-Andaman-tribe-dies.html |title=Language lost as last member of Andaman tribe dies |author= |date=5 February 2010 |newspaper=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |access-date=3 January 2017}}</ref><ref name=telegraph2/> However, by 1995 the people identified as Great Andamanese already included many people with partly Burmese or Hindi descent.<ref name="weber7"/>

As the Great Andamanese retreated, the Jarawa occupied part of their former territory on the west coast of Great Andaman, which they were still inhabiting as of 2011. Also, by 1911, some 80 Onge had moved into the former territory of the Bea and the Jangil, in Rutland Island and South Andaman; however by 1921 they had dwindled to 61, and were gone by 1931.<ref name="weber7"/>

===Current status===
Today only two tribes (Jeru and Bo) remain in significant number; the Cari tribe is on its way to extinction.<ref name="mann"/><ref name="lansuv">{{cite web |url=http://infochangeindia.org/Media/Languages-of-India/The-case-for-a-linguistic-survey.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100424231241/http://infochangeindia.org/Media/Languages-of-India/The-case-for-a-linguistic-survey.html |url-status=usurped |archive-date=24 April 2010 |first=Anosh |last=Malekar |title=The case for a linguistic survey |publisher=Infochange Media |access-date=1 August 2011}}</ref> There are still a few people (all elderly) with partial Kora and Pucikwar descent, but they identify themselves as either Jeru or Bo.<ref name="abbiweb" /> However, the cultural and linguistic identities of the individual tribes have largely been lost; their members now speak mostly [[Hindi]]<ref name=telegraph/><ref name=telegraph2>{{cite news |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/7207731/Lives-Remembered.html |title=Lives Remembered: Boa Sr |date=10 February 2010 |newspaper=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |access-date=2010-02-22 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100213125406/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/7207731/Lives-Remembered.html |archive-date=2010-02-13}}</ref> or a mixed language, a [[Great Andamanese creole]].<ref name="abbi2006"/>

Although the Great Andamanese on Strait Island still obtain some of their diet from hunting, fishing and gathering, they now consume rice and other Indian food, and are dependent on support by the Indian government for survival.<ref name="weber8">{{cite book |chapter-url=http://www.andaman.org/BOOK/chapter8/text8.htm |chapter=8. The Tribes |first=George |last=Weber |date=2009 |title=The Andamanese |access-date=2012-07-12 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130507061710/http://www.andaman.org/BOOK/chapter8/text8.htm |archive-date=7 May 2013}}</ref> They now practice some agriculture, and have established some poultry farms.<ref name="vultrib">{{cite web |url=http://www.and.nic.in/andaman/tribes.php |title=A Brief Note on Vulnerable Tribal Groups |website=Andaman and Nicobar Administration |access-date=2012-07-12 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150218205553/http://www.and.nic.in/andaman/tribes.php |archive-date=18 February 2015 }}</ref>[[File:Andamanese Onge.png|thumb|An Andamanese family on the [[Great Andaman]] island in 2006.]]

=== Census figures ===
Names and spellings, with populations, from the 1901 and 1994 censuses were as follows:<ref>A. N. Sharma (2003), ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=WEztW7c0CqQC&pg=PA62 Tribal Development in the Andaman Islands]'', page 62. Sarup & Sons, New Delhi.</ref>

; 1901 census
: Aka-Cari: 39
: Aka-Cora: 96
: Aka-Bo: 48
: Aka-Jeru: 218
: Aka-Kede: 59
: Aka-Kol: 11
: Oka-Juwoi: 48
: Aka-Pucikwar: 50
: Aka-Bale: 19
: Aka-Bea: 37

; 1994 census
: Aka-Jeru: 19
: Aka-Bo: 15
: Aka-Kari {{sic}}: 2
: ('local': 4)

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Negritos}}

{{authority control}}

[[Category:Indigenous peoples of South Asia]]
[[Category:Ethnic groups in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands]]
[[Category:Scheduled Tribes of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands]]

N. V. Krishna Warrier

2026-03-20T12:53:46Z

Vikiknl: adjusted intro per standard format

{{Short description|Indian academic and poet (1916–1989)}}
{{EngvarB|date=August 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2014}}
{{Infobox person
| name = N. V. Krishna Warrier
| image = Malayalam literature.png
| imagesize =
| caption =
| birth_date = {{birth date|1916|5|13|df=y}}
| birth_place = Njeruvisseri, [[Thrissur]], India
| death_date = {{death date and age|1989|10|12|1916|5|13|df=y}}
| death_place = [[Kozhikode]], Kerala
| restingplace =
| restingplacecoordinates =
| othername =
| occupation = Poet, scholar, critic, essayist
| yearsactive = 1936–1989
| spouse = Lakshmikutty Warasyar
| domesticpartner =
| children =
| parents =
| website =
| awards = {{ubl|1970 [[Kerala Sahitya Akademi Award for Poetry]]|1979 [[Sahitya Akademi Award|Kendra Sahitya Akademi Award]]|1986 [[Kerala Sahitya Akademi|Kerala Sahitya Akademi Fellowship]]}}
}}

'''N. V. Krishna Warrier''' (13 May 1916 – 12 October 1989) was an Indian poet, journalist, scholar, academic and political thinker. A prolific writer, Warrier's works covered the genres of poetry, drama, travelogue, translation, children's literature and science. He was a recipient of the [[List of Sahitya Akademi Award winners for Malayalam|Sahitya Akademi Award]] and the [[Kerala Sahitya Akademi Award for Poetry]]. The [[Kerala Sahitya Akademi]] honoured him with their fellowship in 1986, three years before his death in 1989.

==Biography==
Nerukkavu Variam Krishna Warrier was born on 13 May 1916 in Njeruvisseri, near [[Arattupuzha]] in [[Thrissur district]] of the south Indian state of [[Kerala]] to Padikkaparambu Warriath Achutha Warrier and Madhavi Warasyar.<ref name="Biography on Kerala Sahitya Akademi portal">{{Cite web |url=http://www.keralasahityaakademi.org/sp/Writers/PROFILES/NVKrishnawarriyar/Html/NVKWgraphy.htm |title=Biography on Kerala Sahitya Akademi portal |date=2019-03-06 |website=Kerala Sahitya Akademi portal |access-date=2019-03-06}}</ref> He had two brothers, Shankara Warrier and Achutha Warrier and a sister, ഇക്കാളിക്കുട്ടി വാരസ്യാർ.<ref name="N V Krishna Warrier (deceased)">{{Cite web |url=http://www.geni.com/people/N-V-Krishna-Warrier/6000000002623028683 |title=N V Krishna Warrier (deceased) - Genealogy |date=2014-11-22 |publisher=Geni.com |access-date=2016-12-01}}</ref> His early schooling was at the primary school in [[Vallachira]] after which he studied at the [[Sanskrit]] school in Peruvanam where he had the opportunity to study under Meloth Raghavan Nambiar and Keshavan Elayathu, both Sanskrit scholars. Later, he studied grammar under B. Sankaranarayana Shasthri of Tripunithura Sanskrit School (present-day [[Government Sanskrit College, Tripunithura]]) to pass ''Vyakarana Bhooshanam'' examination and learned ''Kavyaprakasham'' and ''Dhwanyalokam'' under K. Rama Pisharodi to pass ''Kavya Shiromani'' examination. Simultaneously, he passed Hindi ''Visharad'' examination too.<ref name="Biography on Kerala Sahitya Akademi portal" />

Warrier started his career as a tutor at the [[Government Sanskrit College, Tripunithura]] but moved to [[Sreemoolanagaram]] Sanskrit School and later to Brahmanandodayam Sanskrit School, [[Kalady]].<ref name="Biography on Kerala Sahitya Akademi portal" /> In 1942, he resigned from his job to participate in [[Quit India Movement]] and ran a newspaper, ''Swathanthra Bharatham'' while in hiding.<ref name="pressacademy.org">{{cite web|url=http://www.pressacademy.org/content/krishna-warrier-nv |title=Krishna Warrier. N.V. | Kerala Press Academy |access-date=2014-05-06 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140506215102/http://www.pressacademy.org/content/krishna-warrier-nv |archive-date=6 May 2014 |df=dmy }}</ref> Afterwards, he joined Govt High School [[Kodakara]] as a teacher and in 1948, joined [[Sree Kerala Varma College]] as its faculty. Subsequently, he had a short stint at [[Madras Christian College]], too, before joining [[Mathrubhumi]] in 1952 as a member of its editorial board where he stayed until he was selected as the founder director of [[Kerala Bhasha Institute]] in 1968.<ref name="Kerala Bhasha Institute - History">{{Cite web |url=https://www.keralabhashainstitute.org/%E0%B4%9A%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%82 |title=Kerala Bhasha Institute - History |date=2019-03-06 |website=Kerala Bhasha Institute |access-date=2019-03-06 }}{{Dead link|date=July 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> After his superannuation from the institute in 1975, he rejoined Mathrubhumi as the chief editor; he also worked with ''Kunkumam'' weekly for a short while.<ref name="Dept of Malayalam, Mary Matha Arts and Science College, Mananthavady: Elikal- N V Krishna Warrier Pages 3,4">{{Cite web |url=http://marymathamananthavady.blogspot.com/2012/11/elikal-n-v-krishnawarrior-page-34.html |title=Dept of Malayalam, Mary Matha Arts and Science College, Mananthavady: Elikal- N V Krishna Warrier Pages 3,4 |last=Job |first=Joseph K. |date=2012-11-28 |website=Dept of Malayalam, Mary Matha Arts and Science College, Mananthavady |access-date=2019-03-06}}</ref>

Warrier was married to Palakkattu Kattukulath Puthan Warriath Lakshmikutty Warasyar, the marriage taking place in 1948, and the couple had 3 daughters, Usha, Parvathy and Vani, all of them medical doctors.<ref name="Welcome to Kerala window">{{Cite web |url=http://www.keralawindow.net/news_Octo.html |title=Welcome to Kerala window |publisher=Keralawindow.net |access-date=2016-12-01}}</ref> His death came on 12 October 1989 in [[Kozhikode]] at the age of 73.<ref name="Biography on Kerala Sahitya Akademi portal" />

== Legacy ==
Krishna Warrier, a [[polyglot]] who could handle 18 languages,<ref name="pressacademy.org"/> was a writer whose body of work covered several genres of literature such as poetry, drama, travelogue, translation, children's literature and science.<ref name="List of works">{{Cite web |url=http://www.keralasahityaakademi.org/sp/Writers/PROFILES/NVKrishnawarriyar/Html/NVKrishnawarriyarbooks.htm |title=List of works |date=2019-03-06 |website=Kerala Sahitya Akademi |access-date=2019-03-06}}</ref> He was the author the [[Kerala Sahitya Akademi Award]] winning ''Gandhiyum Godseyum'', a poem where he positioned [[Mohandas Gandhi]] and [[Nathuram Godse]] in various situations in the post-independent India for commenting on the socio-political state of affairs.<ref name="Narasimhaiah1994">{{cite book|author=C. D. Narasimhaiah|title=East West Poetics at Work: Papers Presented at the Seminar on Indian and Western Poetics at Work, Dhvanyaloka, Mysore, January 1991|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mjS36DO4yPkC&pg=PA40|year=1994|publisher=Sahitya Akademi|isbn=978-81-7201-385-1|pages=40–}}</ref> Besides other poetry anthologies like ''Kochuthomman'' and ''Kalidasante Simhasanam'', he also wrote literary criticisms such as ''Vallatholinte Kavyasilpam'' and a treatise in English, titled ''A History of Malayalam Metre''.<ref name="List of works" />

Krishna Warrier was the first editor of ''Akhila Vijnana Kosam'', an encyclopaedia in Malayalam.<ref name="N. V. Krishna Warrier - Veethi profile">{{Cite web |url=https://www.veethi.com/india-people/n._v._krishna_warrier-profile-8800-22.htm |title=N. V. Krishna Warrier - Veethi profile |date=2019-03-06 |website=veethi.com |access-date=2019-03-06}}</ref> He was considered one of the best literary editors of his times.<ref name="N V Krishna Warrier remembered; award presented">{{Cite web |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/thiruvananthapuram/2013/may/14/n-v-krishna-warrier-remembered-award-presented-477159.html |title=N V Krishna Warrier remembered; award presented |website=The New Indian Express |access-date=2019-03-06}}</ref><ref name="Brilliant critical approaches">{{Cite web |url=https://www.thehindu.com/books/brilliant-critical-approaches/article3631506.ece |title=Brilliant critical approaches |last=Kunhikrishnan |first=K. |date=2012-07-12 |website=The Hindu |language=en-IN |access-date=2019-03-06}}</ref> He is also credited with efforts on modernisation of Malayalam language; it was during his time as the head of the Kerala Bhasha Institute, the institute initiated efforts to modernise Malayalam typewriter.<ref name="Malayalam yet to be computer-friendly">{{Cite web |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/kozhikode/malayalam-yet-to-be-computerfriendly/article4598151.ece |title=Malayalam yet to be computer-friendly |author=Staff Reporter |date=2013-04-09 |website=The Hindu |language=en-IN |access-date=2019-03-06}}</ref> Krishna Warrier presided the ''Kerala Union of Working Journalists'' and the Sahitya Pravathaka Sahakarana Sangham (SPCS), served as a member of the [[Sahitya Akademi]] (advisory committee on Malayalam) and [[Kerala Sahitya Akademi]], held the position of the treasurer of [[Kerala Sasthra Sahithya Parishad]], chaired the Sanskrit Committee of the Government of Kerala and sat in the advisory committee of the [[Jnanpith Award]].<ref name="Biography on Kerala Sahitya Akademi portal" />

== Awards and honours ==
[[Kerala Sahitya Akademi]] selected Krishna Warrier for their [[Kerala Sahitya Akademi Award for Poetry|annual award for poetry]] in 1970, for his work, ''Gandhiyum Godseyum''.<ref name="Kerala Sahitya Akademi Award for Poetry">{{Cite web |url=http://www.keralasahityaakademi.org/sp/Writers/ksa/Awards/poetry.htm |title=Kerala Sahitya Akademi Award for Poetry |date=2019-03-06 |website=Kerala Sahitya Akademi |access-date=2019-03-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180626195512/http://www.keralasahityaakademi.org/sp/Writers/ksa/Awards/poetry.htm |archive-date=26 June 2018 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Seven years later, he received the 1979 [[Sahitya Akademi Award|Kendra Sahitya Akademi Award]] for his book ''Vallatholinte Kavyasilpam'' (literary criticism).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://kerala.gov.in/index.php?option%3Dcom_content%26view%3Darticle%26id%3D3065%3Aaboutkerala-literary-awards%26catid%3D271%3Aabout-kerala%26Itemid%3D2379 |title=Literary Awards |access-date=2014-08-18 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140701184347/http://kerala.gov.in/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=3065:aboutkerala-literary-awards&catid=271:about-kerala&Itemid=2379 |archive-date=1 July 2014 |df=dmy }}</ref> Kerala Sahitya Akademi honoured him again in 1986 with their Fellowship.<ref name="Kerala Sahitya Akademi Fellowship">{{Cite web |url=http://www.keralasahityaakademi.org/sp/Writers/Fellows/NVKWarriyar/NVKrishnawarriyar.htm |title=Kerala Sahitya Akademi Fellowship |date=2019-03-06 |website=Kerala Sahitya Akademi portal |access-date=2019-03-06}}</ref> He was also honoured by the [[University of Calicut]] by awarding him the degree of DLitt.<ref name="pressacademy.org" /><ref name="Distinguished Fellows of the Akademi">{{Cite web |url=http://www.keralasahityaakademi.org/sp/Writers/Fellows/Html/HonMembersPage-2.htm |title=Distinguished Fellows of the Akademi |date=2019-03-06 |website=Kerala Sahitya Akademi |access-date=2019-03-06}}</ref>

Two eponymous organizations have been formed in his memory, the N. V. Krishna Warrior Memorial Trust and the N. V. Sahitya Vedi; the former has instituted an annual literary award, the ''N. V. Krishna Warrior Literary Award''<ref name="Another honour for top Kerala author">{{Cite web |url=http://www.dvaipayana.net/kovilan/nvp.html |title=Another honour for top Kerala author |date=1999-09-18 |publisher=Dvaipayana.net |access-date=2016-12-01}}</ref> while the latter has its own award in the name of N. V. Sahitya Vedi Award.<ref name="Archive News">{{Cite web |url=http://www.hindu.com/2009/04/28/stories/2009042854280400.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090504055541/http://www.hindu.com/2009/04/28/stories/2009042854280400.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=2009-05-04 |work=[[The Hindu]] |title=Archive News |date=2009-04-28 |access-date=2016-12-01}}</ref> N. V. Krishna Warrior Memorial Trust have also launched a digital archive to conserve Warrier's work online.<ref name="Online Archive">{{Cite web |url=http://www.nvkrishnavarier.org/index.php |title=Online Archive |date=2019-03-06 |website=nvkrishnavarier.org |access-date=2019-03-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160309071243/http://www.nvkrishnavarier.org/index.php |archive-date=9 March 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

==Positions held==
{{Div col|colwidth=30em}}
* Teacher – Sanskrit School, [[Kaladi]]
* Teacher – Sanskrit College, Tripunithura
* Publisher – ''Swathanthra Bharatham''
* Chief Editor – [[Mathrubhumi]]
* Director – [[Kerala Bhasha Institute]]
* Editor – ''Kumkumam''
* Editor – ''Yuga Prabhath''.
* Editor – ''Akhila Vijnana Kosam''
* President – Kerala Union of Working Journalists
* President – Sahitya Pravathaka Sahakarana Sangham (SPCS)
* President – Kerala Sahitya Parishad
* President – Kerala Sahitya Sammithi
* Member – [[Kerala Sahitya Akademi]]
* Member – National Book Development Council
* Member – Official Bhasha Committee.
{{div col end}}

== Bibliography ==
=== Poetry ===
{{Div col|colwidth=40em}}
* {{Cite book |url=https://catalog.uoc.ac.in/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=70643&query_desc=au%252Cwrdl%253A%2520N%2520V%2520krishna%2520warrier |title=Gandhijiyum Godseyum |last=N. V. Krishna Warrier |date=1969 |publisher=S.P.C.S |location=Kottayam}}
* {{Cite book |url=https://catalog.uoc.ac.in/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=86581&query_desc=au%252Cwrdl%253A%2520N%2520V%2520krishna%2520warrier |title=Vidyapathi |last=Krishna Warrier |first=N. V. |date=1964 |publisher=S.P.C.S |location=Kottayam}}
* {{Cite book |url=https://catalog.uoc.ac.in/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=101174&query_desc=au%252Cwrdl%253A%2520N%2520V%2520krishna%2520warrier |title=Kaalidasante Simhasanam |last=Krishna Warrier |first=N. V.}}
* {{Cite book |url=https://catalog.uoc.ac.in/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=86603&query_desc=au%252Cwrdl%253A%2520N%2520V%2520krishna%2520warrier |title=Kochu Thomman |last=Krishna Warrier |first=N. V. |date=1955 |publisher=S.P.C.S |location=Kottayam}}
* {{Cite book |url=http://mgucat.mgu.ac.in/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=147016&query_desc=au%252Cwrdl%253A%2520n%2520v%2520krishna%2520warier |title=N V Yute kavithakal |last=Krishna Warier |first=N. V. |date=1986 |location=Kottayam, N B S |language=ml}}
* {{Cite book |url=http://www.keralasahityaakademi.org/sp/Writers/PROFILES/NVKrishnawarriyar/Html/NVKrishnawarriyarbooks.htm |title=Neenda Kavithakal |last=Krishna Warrier |first=N. V. }}
* {{Cite book |url=http://www.keralasahityaakademi.org/sp/Writers/PROFILES/NVKrishnawarriyar/Html/NVKrishnawarriyarbooks.htm |title=Kurekkoode Neenda Kavithakal |last=Krishna Warrier |first=N. V. }}
* {{Cite book |url=http://www.keralasahityaakademi.org/sp/Writers/PROFILES/NVKrishnawarriyar/Html/NVKrishnawarriyarbooks.htm |title=Chattavar |last=Krishna Warrier |first=N. V. }}
* {{Cite book |url=http://www.keralasahityaakademi.org/sp/Writers/PROFILES/NVKrishnawarriyar/Html/NVKrishnawarriyarbooks.htm |title=Puzhakal |last=Krishna Warrier |first=N. V. }}
* {{Cite book |url=http://www.keralasahityaakademi.org/sp/Writers/PROFILES/NVKrishnawarriyar/Html/NVKrishnawarriyarbooks.htm |title=Rakthasakshi |last=Krishna Warrier |first=N. V. }}
* {{Cite book |url=http://www.keralasahityaakademi.org/sp/Writers/PROFILES/NVKrishnawarriyar/Html/NVKrishnawarriyarbooks.htm |title=Aksharam Padikkuvin |last=Krishna Warrier |first=N. V. }}
{{div col end}}
Nayagraprapatam- Sanskrit Poetry ,published with commentary in Sanskrit by Dr.V.R.Muralidharan.by Department of Sanskrit Sahitya,Sree Sankaracharya University of Sanskrit ,Kaladyhttps://scart.ssus.ac.in/?page=2
=== Translations ===
{{Div col|colwidth=40em}}
* {{Cite book |url=http://mgucat.mgu.ac.in/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=46154&query_desc=au%252Cwrdl%253A%2520N%2520V%2520krishna%2520warrier |title=Akam kavithakal |last=Krishna Warrier |first=N. V; (translator) |date=2007 |isbn=9788176901260 |location=Thrissur, Kerala Sahithya Akademi Ke}}
* {{Cite book |title=Ezhu German Kathakal |last=Krishna Warrier |first=N. V. (translator) }}
* {{Cite book |title=Gandhiyude Vidyarthi Jeevitham |last=Krishna Warrier |first=N. V. (translator) }}
* {{Cite book |title=Devadasan |last=Krishna Warrier |first=N. V. (translator) }}
* {{Cite book |title=Manthra Vidya |last=Krishna Warrier |first=N. V. (translator) }}
* {{Cite book |title=Sumathi |last=Krishna Warrier |first=N. V. (translator) }}
{{div col end}}

=== Essays and literary criticisms ===
{{Div col|colwidth=40em}}
* {{Cite book |url=https://catalog.uoc.ac.in/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=32590&query_desc=au%252Cwrdl%253A%2520N%2520V%2520krishna%2520warrier |title=Vallatholinte Kavyashilpam |last=Krishna Warrier |first=N. V. |date=1977}}
* {{Cite book |url=https://catalog.uoc.ac.in/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=76479&query_desc=au%252Cwrdl%253A%2520N%2520V%2520krishna%2520warrier |title=Samaakalanam |last=Krishna Warrier |first=N. V. |date=1976 |publisher=Navadhaara |location=Thiruvananthapuram}}
* {{Cite book |url=https://catalog.uoc.ac.in/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=71759&query_desc=au%252Cwrdl%253A%2520N%2520V%2520krishna%2520warrier |title=Pariprekshyam |last=Krishna Warrier |first=N. V. |date=1967 |publisher=Current Books |archive-date=6 March 2019 |access-date=6 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190306235155/https://catalog.uoc.ac.in/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=71759&query_desc=au%252Cwrdl%253A%2520N%2520V%2520krishna%2520warrier |url-status=dead }}
* {{Cite book |url=https://catalog.uoc.ac.in/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=71462&query_desc=au%252Cwrdl%253A%2520N%2520V%2520krishna%2520warrier |title=Kalotsavam |last=Krishna Warrier |first=N. V. |date=1967 |publisher=Current Books}}
* {{Cite book |url=https://catalog.uoc.ac.in/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=79130&query_desc=au%252Cwrdl%253A%2520N%2520V%2520krishna%2520warrier |title=Velluvilikal Prathikaranangal |last=Krishna Warrier |first=N. V. |date=1983 |publisher=D.C. Books |location=Kottayam}}
* {{Cite book |url=https://catalog.uoc.ac.in/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=80559&query_desc=au%252Cwrdl%253A%2520N%2520V%2520krishna%2520warrier |title=Kaavyakauthukam |last=Krishna Warrier |first=N. V. |date=1986 |publisher=Poorna |edition= 3rd|location=Kozhikode}}
* {{Cite book |url=https://catalog.uoc.ac.in/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=319813&query_desc=au%252Cwrdl%253A%2520N%2520V%2520krishna%2520warrier |title=Saksharata |last1=Krishna Warrier |first1=N. V. (editor) |last2=Velayudhan Nair |first2=K. (editor) |date=1974 |publisher=State Institute of Languages |location=Trivandrum}}
* {{Cite book |url=http://mgucat.mgu.ac.in/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=23812&query_desc=au%252Cwrdl%253A%2520N%2520V%2520krishna%2520warrier |title=Kautilyante Arthasasthram |last1=K V M; Tr |last2=Kautilya; Author |last3=Krishna Warrier |first3=N. V; Editor |date=1935 |series=Sree Ramavarma Grandhavali |location=Thrissur, Kerala Sahithya Akademi}}
* {{Cite book |url=http://mgucat.mgu.ac.in/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=23833&query_desc=au%252Cwrdl%253A%2520N%2520V%2520krishna%2520warrier |title=Manushyanum thozhilum |last1=Krishna Warrier |first1=N. V; Ed |last2=Sebastian Paul |date=1984}}
* {{Cite book |url=http://mgucat.mgu.ac.in/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=24061&query_desc=au%252Cwrdl%253A%2520N%2520V%2520krishna%2520warrier |title=Samskrtha vyaakaranathinu Kerala Paniniyude sambhaavana |last=Krishna Warrier |first=N. V; Author |date=1989}}
* {{Cite book |url=http://mgucat.mgu.ac.in/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=27013&query_desc=au%252Cwrdl%253A%2520N%2520V%2520krishna%2520warrier |title=Bhoomiyude rasathanthram |last=Krishna Warrier |first=N. V. |date=1989 |location=New Delhi, Indian Etheest Publishers}}
* {{Cite book |url=http://mgucat.mgu.ac.in/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=27012&query_desc=au%252Cwrdl%253A%2520N%2520V%2520krishna%2520warrier |title=Anweshanangal Kandethalukal |last=Krishna Warrier |first=N. V. |date=1989}}
* {{Cite book |url=http://mgucat.mgu.ac.in/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=27019&query_desc=au%252Cwrdl%253A%2520N%2520V%2520krishna%2520warrier |title=Prasnangal, padhanangal |last=Krishna Warrier |first=N. V; Author |date=1987}}
* {{Cite book |url=http://mgucat.mgu.ac.in/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=27017&query_desc=au%252Cwrdl%253A%2520N%2520V%2520krishna%2520warrier |title=Olangal aazhangal |last=Krishna Warrier |first=N. V. |date=1990}}
* {{Cite book |url=http://mgucat.mgu.ac.in/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=27016&query_desc=au%252Cwrdl%253A%2520N%2520V%2520krishna%2520warrier |title=N V yude gaveshana prabandhangal |last=Krishna Warrier |first=N. V. |date=1989 |location=Kozhikkode, Mathrubhoomi}}
* {{Cite book |url=http://mgucat.mgu.ac.in/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=27015&query_desc=au%252Cwrdl%253A%2520N%2520V%2520krishna%2520warrier |title=Mananangal nigamanangal |last=Krishna Warrier |first=N. V. |date=1987}}
* {{Cite book |url=http://mgucat.mgu.ac.in/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=27023&query_desc=au%252Cwrdl%253A%2520N%2520V%2520krishna%2520warrier |title=Samasyakal samaadhanangal |last=Krishna Warrier |first=N. V. |date=1985}}
* {{Cite book |url=http://mgucat.mgu.ac.in/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=27026&query_desc=au%252Cwrdl%253A%2520N%2520V%2520krishna%2520warrier |title=Velluvilikal prathikaranangal |last=Krishna Warrier |first=N. V. |date=1988 |location=Kottayam, DCB}}
* {{Cite book |url=http://mgucat.mgu.ac.in/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=27025&query_desc=au%252Cwrdl%253A%2520N%2520V%2520krishna%2520warrier |title=Veekshanangal vimarsanangal |last=Krishna Warrier |first=N. V. |date=1989}}
* {{Cite book |url=http://mgucat.mgu.ac.in/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=29811&query_desc=au%252Cwrdl%253A%2520N%2520V%2520krishna%2520warrier |title=Smrithichithrangal |last=Krishna Warrier |first=N. V; Author |date=1999 |isbn=9788126400492 |location=Kottayam, D C Books}}
* {{Cite book |url=http://mgucat.mgu.ac.in/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=27024&query_desc=au%252Cwrdl%253A%2520Krishna%2520Warrier%252C%2520N%2520V. |title=Vichinthanangal visadeekaranangal |last=Krishna Warrier |first=N. V. |date=1988 |location=Kottayam, SPCS}}
* {{cite book|author=N. V. Krishna Warrier|title=A History of Malayalam Metre|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8TIoMQAACAAJ|year=1977|publisher=Dravidian Linguistics Association|language=en}}
* {{Cite book |url=http://www.keralasahityaakademi.org/sp/Writers/PROFILES/NVKrishnawarriyar/Html/NVKrishnawarriyarbooks.htm |title=Melpathurinte Vyakarana Prathibha |last=Krishna Warrier |first=N. V. }}
{{div col end}}

=== Plays ===
{{Div col|colwidth=40em}}
* {{Cite book |url=https://catalog.uoc.ac.in/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=80561&query_desc=au%252Cwrdl%253A%2520N%2520V%2520krishna%2520warrier |title=N V yude naatakangal |last=Krishna Warrier |first=N. V. |date=1986 |publisher=Poorna |location=Kozhikode}}
* {{Cite book |url=http://www.keralasahityaakademi.org/sp/Writers/PROFILES/NVKrishnawarriyar/Html/NVKrishnawarriyarbooks.htm |title=Vasco Da Gamayum Mattu Moonnu Nadakangalum |last=Krishna Warrier |first=N. V. }}
* {{Cite book |url=http://www.keralasahityaakademi.org/sp/Writers/PROFILES/NVKrishnawarriyar/Html/NVKrishnawarriyarbooks.htm |title=Veera Ravi Varma Chakravarthi |last=Krishna Warrier |first=N. V. }}
* {{Cite book |url=http://www.keralasahityaakademi.org/sp/Writers/PROFILES/NVKrishnawarriyar/Html/NVKrishnawarriyarbooks.htm |title=Asthi |last=Krishna Warrier |first=N. V. }}
{{div col end}}

=== Attakkatha ===
{{Div col|colwidth=40em}}
* {{Cite book |url=http://mgucat.mgu.ac.in/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=20769&query_desc=au%252Cwrdl%253A%2520N%2520V%2520krishna%2520warrier |title=Chithramgada |last=Krishna Warrier |first=N. V. |date=1962 |location=Ernakulam, CICC}}
* {{Cite book |url=http://www.keralasahityaakademi.org/sp/Writers/PROFILES/NVKrishnawarriyar/Html/NVKrishnawarriyarbooks.htm |title=Budhacharitham |last=Krishna Warrier |first=N. V. }}
{{div col end}}

=== Biographies ===
{{Div col|colwidth=40em}}
* {{Cite book |url=https://catalog.uoc.ac.in/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=75393&query_desc=au%252Cwrdl%253A%2520N%2520V%2520krishna%2520warrier |title=Aadharanjalikal |last=Krishna Warrier |first=N. V. |date=1976 |publisher=Poorna Publications}}
* {{Cite book |url=http://www.keralasahityaakademi.org/sp/Writers/PROFILES/NVKrishnawarriyar/Html/NVKrishnawarriyarbooks.htm |title=Vyakthichithrangal |last=Krishna Warrier |first=N. V. }}
{{div col end}}

=== Children's literature ===
{{Div col|colwidth=40em}}
* {{Cite book |url=http://www.keralasahityaakademi.org/sp/Writers/PROFILES/NVKrishnawarriyar/Html/NVKrishnawarriyarbooks.htm |title=Lekhanakala |last=Krishna Warrier |first=N. V. }}
* {{Cite book |url=http://www.keralasahityaakademi.org/sp/Writers/PROFILES/NVKrishnawarriyar/Html/NVKrishnawarriyarbooks.htm |title=Jalavidya |last=Krishna Warrier |first=N. V. }}
{{div col end}}

=== Travelogues ===
{{Div col|colwidth=40em}}
* {{Cite book |url=http://mgucat.mgu.ac.in/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=27018&query_desc=au%252Cwrdl%253A%2520N%2520V%2520krishna%2520warrier |title=Puthiya chintha Soviet uniyanil |last=Krishna Warrier |first=N. V. |date=1989}}
* {{Cite book |url=http://www.keralasahityaakademi.org/sp/Writers/PROFILES/NVKrishnawarriyar/Html/NVKrishnawarriyarbooks.htm |title=Amerikkayiloode |last=Krishna Warrier |first=N. V. }}
* {{Cite book |url=http://www.keralasahityaakademi.org/sp/Writers/PROFILES/NVKrishnawarriyar/Html/NVKrishnawarriyarbooks.htm |title=Unarunna Uthara India |last=Krishna Warrier |first=N. V. }}
{{div col end}}

=== Other works ===
{{Div col|colwidth=40em}}
* {{Cite book |url=http://mgucat.mgu.ac.in/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=26802&query_desc=au%252Cwrdl%253A%2520N%2520V%2520krishna%2520warrier |title=Hridayathinte vaathaayanangal(Mahakavi G Sankara Kurupinte 131 kathukal) |last1=Krishna Warrier |first1=N. V; Ed |last2=Sankara Kurup |first2=G. |date=1984}}
* {{Cite book |url=http://mgucat.mgu.ac.in/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=28167&query_desc=au%252Cwrdl%253A%2520N%2520V%2520krishna%2520warrier |title=Indian cinema |last1=Krishna Warrier |first1=N. V; Comp |last2=Thomas |first2=M. F. |date=1987}}
* {{Cite book |url=http://mgucat.mgu.ac.in/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=28078&query_desc=au%252Cwrdl%253A%2520N%2520V%2520krishna%2520warrier |title=Viswakalakal |last1=Chandrasekharan Nair |first1=Vaikom |last2=Krishna Warrier |first2=N. V; Comp |date=1987}}
* {{Cite book |url=http://mgucat.mgu.ac.in/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=29080&query_desc=au%252Cwrdl%253A%2520N%2520V%2520krishna%2520warrier |title=Akhila Vijnaanakosam |last=Krishna Warrier |first=N. V; Ed |date=1988 |series=1}}
{{div col end}}

== Works on N. V. Krishna Warrier ==
* {{cite book|author=K. V. Rāmakr̥iṣhṇan|title=N.V. Krishna Warrier|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wl09A6HRO2YC|year=2000|publisher=Sahitya Akademi|isbn=978-81-260-0950-3}}
* {{cite book|author=Atmaraman|title=Bahurupi N V: Tribute to N V Krishna Warrier|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MTckDwAAQBAJ|date=17 May 2017|publisher=Centre for South Indian Studies|isbn=978-93-83763-35-1}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Further reading==
* {{cite book
| url = http://onlinestore.dcbooks.com/books/vyakthi-chitrangal#;
| title = Vyakthi Chithrangal
| author = N. V. Krishna Warrier
| year = 2008
| publisher = DC Books
| isbn = 9788126400720
| access-date = 6 May 2014
| archive-date = 20 December 2016
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20161220055011/http://onlinestore.dcbooks.com/books/vyakthi-chitrangal#;
| url-status = dead
}}
* {{cite book
| url = http://www.sbcollege.org/library/authcat.php?idauth=Krishna%20Warrier,N%20V
| title = Gandhiyum Godseyum
| author = N. V. Krishna Warrier
| year = 1969
| publisher = Current Books
| access-date = 6 May 2014
| archive-date = 3 March 2016
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160303220304/http://www.sbcollege.org/library/authcat.php?idauth=Krishna%20Warrier,N%20V
| url-status = dead
}}
* {{cite book
| title = K. V. Ramakrishnan
| author = N. V. Krishna Warrier
| year = 2000
| publisher = Sahitya Akademi
| isbn = 8126009500
}}

==External links==
* {{Cite web |url=http://www.keralasahityaakademi.org/sp/Writers/PROFILES/NVKrishnawarriyar/Html/NVKrishnawarriyar.htm |title=Portrait commissioned by Kerala Sahitya Akademi |date=2019-03-06 |website=Kerala Sahitya Akademi portal |access-date=2019-03-06}}
* {{Cite web |url=http://bookstoexport.blogspot.com/2009/01/poems-by-n-v-krishna-warrier.html |title=Poems by N V Krishna Warrier |date=2019-03-06 |website=Indulekha |language=en |access-date=2019-03-06}}
{{Sahitya Akademi Award For Malayalam}}
{{Kerala Sahitya Akademi Fellowship}}
{{Malayalam Literature |state=collapsed}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Warrier, N.V.}}
[[Category:People from Thrissur district]]
[[Category:Writers from Kerala]]
[[Category:Malayalam-language writers]]
[[Category:Indian Sanskrit scholars]]
[[Category:Hindu poets]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Sahitya Akademi Award in Malayalam]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Kerala Sahitya Akademi Award]]
[[Category:1989 deaths]]
[[Category:1916 births]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian poets]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian journalists]]
[[Category:Journalists from Kerala]]
[[Category:Indian magazine editors]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian essayists]]

Yashobhoomi

2026-03-17T03:50:28Z

Vikiknl: Updated and refined page content

{{Improve categories|date=January 2025}}
{{Short description|Convention centre in Dwarka, Delhi}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2023}}
{{Infobox building
| name = Yashobhoomi
| native_name_lang = HI
| former_names =
| alternate_names = ''India International Convention and Exhibition Centre''
| status =
| image =Yashobhoomi – India International Convention and Expo Centre, Delhi.jpg
| image_alt =
| caption = Exterior view of Yashobhoomi International Convention Centre
| image_map = {{maplink|frame=yes|plain=yes|type=shape|stroke-width=2|stroke-color=#000000|zoom=13|frame-latitude=28.553|frame-longitude=77.046}}
| coordinates = {{coord|28|55|36|N|077|04|00|E|region:IN|display=inline,title}}
| pushpin_map =
| pushpin_map_alt =
| map_caption =
| altitude =
| building_type = [[Convention center]]
| architectural_style = [[Contemporary architecture]]
| structural_system =
| cost = {{INRconvert|25700|c}}
| ren_cost =
| client = India International Convention and Exhibition Center Limited
| owner =
| current_tenants =
| landlord =
| location = Sector 25, [[Dwarka, Delhi]], [[India]]
| address =
| location_town =
| groundbreaking_date = 20 September 2018<ref name="HT">{{Cite web |date=2018-01-03 |title=World-class convention centre in Dwarka by 2025, contract awarded for phase-1 |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/delhi-news/world-class-convention-centre-in-dwarka-by-2025-l-t-awarded-the-contract-for-phase-1/story-ba5qyEDcgXOtUasRTsLRXP.html |access-date=2023-04-13 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref>
| construction_start_date =
| completion_date = 15 September 2023<ref name="IICC">{{cite news|title=PM Modi inaugurates Phase 1 of Convention and Exhibition Centre 'Yashobhoomi' at Dwarka|url=https://www.ptinews.com/news/big-story/pm-modi-inaugurates-phase-1-of-convention-and-Exhibition-centre-yashobhoomi-at-dwarka/651439.html|work=[[Press Trust of India]]|date=17 September 2023|access-date=17 September 2023|language=en}}</ref>
| opened_date = {{start date and age|2023|09|17|df=y|p=n|br=n}}<ref name="IICC"/>
| inauguration_date =
| renovation_date =
| demolished_date =
| destruction_date =
| height =
| diameter =
| antenna_spire =
| roof =
| top_floor =
| other_dimensions =
| floor_count =
| floor_area = 73,000 sq.m. (Phase-I) 890,000 sq.m. (entire project)<ref name="IICC"/>
| public_transit = {{ric|Delhi Metro}} [[Yashobhoomi Dwarka Sector - 25 metro station|Yashobhoomi Dwarka Sector - 25]]
| seating_type =
| seating_capacity = 11,000 (Phase-I)
| elevator_count =
| main_contractor = [[Larsen & Toubro]]
| architect =
| architecture_firm = [[C P Kukreja Architects]] [[IDOM (company)|IDOM]] [[Arcop|ARCOP Associates]]
| structural_engineer =
| services_engineer =
| civil_engineer =
| other_designers =
| quantity_surveyor =
| awards =
| designations =
| ren_architect =
| ren_firm =
| ren_str_engineer =
| ren_serv_engineer =
| ren_civ_engineer =
| ren_oth_designers =
| ren_qty_surveyor =
| ren_awards =
| website = [http://www.iiccnewdelhi.com/ Official website]
| embedded =
| references =
}}

'''Yashobhoomi''' is a [[convention center]] located in [[Dwarka, Delhi|Sector 25, Dwarka]], [[Delhi]], [[India]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=IICC (India International Convention & Expo Centre) |url=https://www.iiccnewdelhi.com/ |access-date=2024-09-04 |website=www.iiccnewdelhi.com |language=en}}</ref> It is the largest convention center in India and [[Asia]] by area, and one of the biggest [[MICE tourism|MICE]] facilities in the world.<ref>{{cite news|last=Ghosh|first=Debanshu|title=ASIA'S LARGEST CONVENTION CENTRE IN DWARKA|url=https://ismdu.com/asias-largest-convention-centre-in-dwarka/|work=Indian Stock Market Daily Updates (ISMDU)|date=9 July 2023|access-date=16 September 2023|language=en|archive-date=18 September 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230918055819/https://ismdu.com/asias-largest-convention-centre-in-dwarka/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=YashoBhoomi: All about India's largest MICE convention centre inaugurated by PM Modi |url=https://www.theweek.in/news/india/2023/09/17/all-about-indias-largest-state-of-the-art-yashobhoomi-convention-centre-inaugurated-by-pm-modi.html |access-date=2024-09-04 |website=The Week |language=en}}</ref> Yashobhoomi's [[cornerstone|foundation stone]] was laid on 20 September 2018.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-09-20 |title=PM Narendra Modi takes Delhi metro to lay foundation stone of convention centre |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/delhi-news/pm-narendra-modi-takes-delhi-metro-to-lay-foundation-stone-of-convention-centre/story-9IpSIvnHNN0Hw6BlqL3N6M.html |access-date=2023-04-13 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2018-09-20 |title=PM Modi lays foundation stone of world-class convention centre in Delhi |url=https://www.jagranjosh.com/current-affairs/pm-modi-lays-foundation-stone-of-iicc-centre-1537425374-1 |access-date=2023-04-13 |website=Jagranjosh.com}}</ref> Construction began the following day and the first phase was expected to be completed by September 2022 in time to host the [[2023 G20 New Delhi summit|G20 Summit in 2023]].

However, labour shortages and slowdowns in work caused by the [[COVID-19 pandemic]] delayed completion to 15 September 2023. The first phase of Yashobhoomi was inaugurated on 17 September 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |title=YashoBhoomi: 5 Points On Convention Centre To Be Inaugurated By PM Modi |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/yashobhoomi-5-points-on-convention-centre-to-be-inaugurated-by-pm-modi-4392764 |access-date=2024-09-04 |website=NDTV.com}}</ref><ref name="Yashobhoomi">{{cite news|last1=Sadana|first1=Aashi|last2=Ravi Shankar|first2=Asmita|title=YashoBhoomi Convention Centre, a Metro Line, 'Vishwakarma' Scheme For Artisans Launched By PM On His Birthday – LIVE|url=https://www.news18.com/india/yashobhoomi-convention-centre-inaguration-pm-modi-live-updates-narendra-modi-birthday-expo-centre-opening-dwarka-delhi-livenews-8580625.html|work=[[News18]]|date=17 September 2023|access-date=17 September 2023|language=en}}</ref>

Its development cost are projected to be around {{INRconvert|25700|c}},<ref name="HT"/><ref name=":0" /> out of which its first phase cost {{INRconvert|5400|c}}. The total area of the entire convention center is 890,000 m2, with built-up areas of over 100,000 m2 and 300,000 m2, while its first phase covers 73,000 m2.<ref name="IICC"/>

== Structure ==
The complex's first phase covers a total area of 1.07 lakh sq.m. out of the planned 8.90 lakh sq.m., making it not only the largest convention centre in India and Asia, but also among the world's largest convention and [[MICE tourism|MICE]] centres. It is larger than [[Bharat Mandapam]], where the [[2023 G20 New Delhi summit]] was held. It has 15 convention centres, which include the main auditorium, the Grand Ballroom and 13 meeting centres, having a total capacity of holding 11,000 people. The meeting rooms span across eight floors in the main auditorium. Upon completion of the second phase, which shall conclude construction, Yashobhoomi will have five large exhibition centres, including a multi-purpose arena with a [[retractable roof]] and a seating capacity for 20,000 people. Each centre will cover a floor area of over 10 lakh sq.ft., equalling the size of four [[Football pitch|football grounds]]. The complex will be able to host aircraft expositions as well because of their abundant space.<ref>{{cite web|title=About IICC Venue|url=http://www.iiccnewdelhi.com/sub/01/sub_1.asp|work=[[India International Convention and Expo Centre]] (IICC)|access-date=17 September 2023}}</ref><ref name="TN">{{cite news|last=Pandey|first=Mahima|title=10 Mind-Blowing Features of YashoBhoomi - Delhi's Swanky New Convention & Exhibition Centre|url=https://www.timesnownews.com/delhi/10-mind-blowing-features-of-yashobhoomi-delhis-swanky-new-convention-exhibition-center-article-103701321|work=[[Times Now]]|date=16 September 2023|access-date=17 September 2023|language=en}}</ref>

== Main auditorium ==
=== Grand Ballroom ===
It is a large [[ballroom]] that can handle around 2,500 people. It also has an extended open area outside it that can handle another 500 people, thus taking its capacity up to 3,000 people.<ref name="TN"/>

== Features ==
The main auditorium has many features for decoration inspired from [[Culture of India|Indian culture]], such as [[Terrazzo|terrazzo floor]]s with brass inlays representing [[rangoli]] patterns, suspended sound absorbent metal cylinders and lit-up patterned walls. The auditorium has many innovative automated seating systems, one of which allows the floor to be a flat floor or an auditorium style tiered seating for different seating configurations. The Grand Ballroom has a [[petal]]-themed design on the ceiling and has interior as well as exterior seating areas. It has VIP lounges, meeting rooms, a [[sky lobby]] and co-working spaces.

The complex has an underground car parking facility for over 3,000 cars and is equipped with more than 100 electric charging points, cafes, restrooms, multiple entry and exit points and a 1 km-long [[foyer]] to link spaces and amenities. The complex is equipped with an advanced wastewater treatment plant with 100 percent wastewater reusing and rainwater harvesting systems for water construction and rooftop solar panels on all structures for clean and sustainable energy and electricity generation. Because of these eco-friendly measures, the complex has received ''"Green Cities Platinum"'' certification from [[Green building in India#Indian Green Building Council|Indian Green Building Council]] (IGBC).<ref name="TN"/>

==Connectivity==
===Roadways===
[[File:Delhi Gurgaon Toll Gate.jpg|thumb|[[Delhi–Gurgaon Expressway]]]]

IICC can be reached by road at present through the Sector 22 Road from [[Dwarka, Delhi|Dwarka]]. By March 2024, it could be reached directly from farther places, like from [[Indira Gandhi International Airport]] and [[Narela]] at the periphery of [[Delhi]] through [[Urban Extension Road-II]] (UER-II), ending as terminating point just north-east of the complex, next to [[Dwarka Sector 21 metro station]], and from [[Gurgaon|Gurugram]] through the [[Dwarka Expressway]] or the [[Delhi–Gurgaon Expressway]] (part of [[Golden Quadrilateral]]), before accessing UER-II, both passing towards east of the complex.

=== Railways ===
[[File:Delhi_Metro_Airport_Express.jpg|thumb|[[Delhi Airport Metro Express|Airport Express Line (Orange Line) of Delhi Metro]]]]

The nearest railway station is [[Bijwasan railway station]] situated {{cvt|5|km}} south-east from the complex. The nearest metro station is [[Yashobhoomi Dwarka Sector - 25 metro station]], the western terminus of [[Delhi Airport Metro Express|Orange Line or Airport Express Line of Delhi Metro]]. It is situated within the complex zone.

=== Airways ===
[[File:Sculpture of hasta mudras at Indira Gandhi International Airport.jpg|thumb|Terminal 3 of Indira Gandhi International Airport]]

Indira Gandhi International Airport's [[Indira Gandhi International Airport#Facilities|terminals]] can be accessed from the complex by travelling {{cvt|12|km}} east through the UER-II before taking the airport approach roads.

== See also ==
{{Portal|India}}

* [[List of convention and exhibition centers#India|List of convention and exhibition centres in India]]
* [[Bharat Mandapam]]
* [[Highways and expressways in Delhi|List of highways and expressways in Delhi]]
* [[Delhi Metro]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* [http://www.iiccnewdelhi.com/ Official website]

[[Category:Convention centres in India]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures in Delhi]]

Bhagalpur Municipal Corporation

2026-03-13T22:18:34Z

Vikiknl: Done.

{{Short description|Local civic body in Bhagalpur, Bihar, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2025}}
{{Infobox legislature
| name = Bhagalpur Municipal Corporation
| native_name =
| logo = Bhagalpur Municipal Corporation Logo.jpg
| logo_caption = [[Seal (emblem)|Seal]] of the Bhagalpur Municipal Corporation
| house_type = [[Municipal corporation (India)|Municipal corporation]]
| established = {{start date and age|1864}} as Nagarpalika
| leader1_type = [[Mayor (India)|Mayor]]
| leader1 = Dr. Basundhara Lal ([[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]])
| leader3_type = [[Municipal commissioner (India)|Municipal Commissioner]]
| leader3 = Yogesh Kumar Sagar ([[Indian Administrative Service|IAS]])
| last_election1 = 2022
| meeting_place = Adampur, [[Bhagalpur]], [[Bihar]] – 812001
| website = {{URL|https://nagarseva.bihar.gov.in/bhagalpur}}
| seats = 51
}}

'''Bhagalpur Municipal Corporation''' is the [[Municipal corporation (India)|municipal corporation]] governing the [[India]]n city of [[Bhagalpur]], [[Bihar]]. Municipal Corporation mechanism in India was introduced during British Rule with formation of municipal corporation in Madras ([[Chennai]]) in 1688, later followed by municipal corporations in Bombay ([[Mumbai]]) and Calcutta ([[Kolkata]]) by 1762.<ref name="May ref5">{{cite news |last1=Gupta |first1=Anupam |title=City Mayors: Indian Mayors |url=http://www.citymayors.com/mayors/indian-mayors.html |access-date=29 October 2021 |publisher=citymayors.com}}</ref> Bhagalpur Municipal Corporation is headed by [[Mayor]] of city and governed by [[Municipal commissioner (India)|Commissioner]].

== History and administration ==

Bhagalpur become Nagarpalika in 1864. After that Bhagalpur Nagarpalika promoted to Bhagalpur Municipal Corporation on dated 15 April 1981. Bhagalpur Municipal Corporation received a notification from governor of Bihar on dated 24 April 1981 whose letter no is 572 and will follow the Patna Municipal Corporation Act, 1951. Now presently Bhagalpur Municipal Corporation is follow the Nagarpalika Act, 2007 Which is notified by Government of Bihar? The first elections of the councilors were completed in 2002.{{fact|date=April 2025}}

Bhagalpur Municipal Corporation has been categorised into 51 wards and each ward is headed by councillor for which elections are held every 5 years.{{fact|date=April 2025}}

Bhagalpur Municipal Corporation is governed by mayor Dr. Basundhara Lal ([[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]) and administered by Municipal Commissioner Yogesh Kumar Sagar ([[Indian Administrative Service|IAS]]).{{fact|date=April 2025}}

== Functions ==
Bhagalpur Municipal Corporation is created for the following functions:<ref name="Bh9">{{cite news |title=Municipal Corporation - Functions, Roles, Members Qualification and Term |url=https://www.elections.in/government/municipal-corporation-in-india.html |access-date=18 May 2022 |publisher=www.elections.in}}</ref><ref name="Bh10">{{cite news |title=Good municipal governance key to improve quality of life {{!}} Pune News - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/pune/good-municipal-governance-key-to-improve-quality-of-life/articleshow/57320746.cms |access-date=18 May 2022 |work=The Times of India |date=24 February 2017 |language=en}}</ref>

* Planning for the town including its surroundings which are covered under its Department's Urban Planning Authority .
* Approving construction of new buildings and authorising use of land for various purposes.
* Improvement of the town's economic and Social status.
* Arrangements of water supply towards commercial, residential and industrial purposes.
* Planning for fire contingencies through Fire Service Departments.
* Creation of solid waste management, public health system and sanitary services.
* Working for the development of ecological aspect like development of Urban Forestry and making guidelines for environmental protection.
* Working for the development of weaker sections of the society like mentally and physically handicapped, old age and gender biased people.
* Making efforts for improvement of slums and poverty removal in the town.

== Revenue ==
The following are the Income sources for the Corporation from the Central and State Government<ref name="Gi11">{{cite news |last1=Jadhav |first1=Radheshyam |title=Why civic bodies in India need municipal bonds |url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/why-civic-bodies-in-india-need-municipal-bonds/article33237962.ece |access-date=18 May 2022 |publisher=www.thehindubusinessline.com |date=3 December 2020 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Gi12">{{cite news |title=Municipal corporations under severe strain as revenues sink: RBI Report |url=https://www.businesstoday.in/latest/economy/story/municipal-corporations-under-severe-strain-as-revenues-sink-rbi-report-314215-2021-12-02 |access-date=18 May 2022 |publisher=Business Today |date=2 December 2021 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Gi13">{{cite news |title=If cities are to deliver better quality life, need to have business models which are sustainable |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/opinion/if-cities-are-to-deliver-better-quality-life-need-to-have-business-models-which-are-sustainable/642276/ |access-date=18 May 2022 |publisher=Financialexpress |date=17 May 2022 |language=en}}</ref>

=== Revenue from taxes ===
Following is the tax related revenue for the corporation:
* Property tax
* Profession tax
* Entertainment tax
* Grants from Central and State Government like Goods and Services Tax
* Advertisement tax

=== Revenue from non-tax sources ===
Following is the non-tax related revenue for the corporation:
* Water usage charges
* Fees from Documentation services
* Rent received from municipal property
* Funds from municipal bonds

== See also ==
* [[List of municipal corporations in India]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
*{{Official website|https://nagarseva.bihar.gov.in/bhagalpur}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Bhagalpur]]
[[Category:Municipal corporations in Bihar]]

Jennifer Winget

2026-03-10T21:33:23Z

Vikiknl: minor update

{{short description|Indian actress (born 1985)}}
{{pp-extended|small=yes}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2013}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Jennifer Winget
| birth_name =
| image = Jennifer Winget snapped promoting her web series Code M.jpg
| caption = Winget in 2020
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1985|5|30}}
| birth_place = [[Bombay]], [[Maharashtra]], India
| occupation = Actress
| years_active = 1995–present
| known for = ''[[Kasautii Zindagii Kay (2001 TV series)|Kasautii Zindagii Kay]]'' ''[[Dill Mill Gayye]]'' ''[[Saraswatichandra (TV series)|Saraswatichandra]]'' ''[[Beyhadh]]'' ''[[Bepannah]]''
| awards = [[List of awards and nominations received by Jennifer Winget|Full list]]
}}

'''Jennifer Winget''' (born 30 May 1985) is an Indian actress who primarily appears in [[Hindi]] television. One of the highest-paid television actresses in India,<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/jennifer-winget-ram-kapoor-maniesh-paul-tvs-highest-paid-actors/photostory/32607841.cms |title=Jennifer Winget to Ankita Lokhande: TV's highest paid actors |website=The Times of India |access-date=10 February 2018 |date=14 July 2017 |archive-date=4 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180604231037/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/jennifer-winget-ram-kapoor-maniesh-paul-tvs-highest-paid-actors/jennifer-winget-ram-kapoor-maniesh-paul-tvs-highest-paid-actors/photostory/32607870.cms |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/indian-television-actors-salary-per-month-3037560/ |title=11 television stars who earn more than Bollywood actors per month! |date=18 September 2016 |work=The Indian Express |access-date=10 February 2018 |language=en-US |archive-date=25 September 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160925114453/http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/indian-television-actors-salary-per-month-3037560/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Winget is a recipient of several accolades including two [[Indian Television Academy Awards|ITA Awards]] and two [[Indian Telly Awards]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=From Rupali Ganguli to Jennifer Winget: Five Highest Paid TV Actresses |access-date=26 June 2022 |url=https://www.outlookindia.com/art-entertainment/from-rupali-ganguli-to-jennifer-winget-indian-television-actresses-who-withdraw-the-biggest-paychecks--news-52000/amp |work=Outlook India|date=February 2022 }}</ref>

Winget started her career as a child actor with the 1995 film ''[[Akele Hum Akele Tum]]'' and made her television debut in 2002 with ''[[Shaka Laka Boom Boom]]''. She later gained recognition for her portrayal of Sneha Bajaj in ''[[Kasautii Zindagii Kay (2001 TV series)|Kasautii Zindagii Kay]]'' and Dr. Riddhima Gupta in ''[[Dill Mill Gayye]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=On Television star Jennifer Winget's birthday, take a look at her television journey and stardom |work=The Indian Express |date=30 May 2020 |access-date=30 May 2020 |url=https://indianexpress.com/photos/entertainment-gallery/on-jennifer-winget-birthday-a-look-at-her-television-journey-6434268/lite/}}</ref> Winget further established herself as a leading actress with her portrayal of Kumud Sundari Desai in ''[[Saraswatichandra (TV series)|Saraswatichandra]]'', Maya Mehrotra in ''[[Beyhadh]]'' and Zoya Siddiqui in ''[[Bepannah]]''. For ''Saraswatichandra'' and ''Beyhadh'', she earned the [[ITA Award for Best Actress Drama Jury|ITA Award for Best Actress Jury]]. Winget expanded to web with ''[[Code M]]'' for which she received a [[2020 Filmfare OTT Awards|Filmfare OTT Award]] nomination.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/bepannah-actress-jennifer-winget-believes-shes-headed-in-the-right-direction-heres-why-1857735 |title=Bepannah Actress Jennifer Winget Believes She's Headed in the Right Direction. Here's Why |website=NDTV.com |date=16 May 2018 |access-date=3 May 2019}}</ref>

==Early life==
Winget was born on 30 May 1985<ref name="DOB">{{cite web |url=http://us.india.com/stream/jennifer-winget-birthday-bumps-10-things-to-know-about-the-indian-tv-star-67699/ |title=Jennifer Winget Birthday Bumps: 10 Things to know about the Indian TV star! |publisher=India.com |date=30 May 2014 |access-date=16 October 2014}}</ref> in Bombay, (present-day [[Mumbai]]), India.<ref name="Birth place">{{cite web |url=http://www.thenewsreports.com/jennifer-winget-gears-up-for-cinematic-debut-with-kunal-kohlis-phir-se/10962/devrupa-rakshit |title=Jennifer Winget gears up for cinematic debut with Kunal Kohli's 'Phir Se' |work=The News Reports |access-date=20 December 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150318223403/http://www.thenewsreports.com/jennifer-winget-gears-up-for-cinematic-debut-with-kunal-kohlis-phir-se/10962/devrupa-rakshit |archive-date=18 March 2015 |url-status=dead}}</ref> She is the daughter of a [[Punjabi people|Punjabi]] [[Hindus|Hindu]] mother, Prabha, and a [[Marathi people|Maharashtrian]] [[Indian Christians|Christian]] father, Hemant Winget, and is often mistaken for a person of non-Indian origins due to her western first name.<ref name=ToI1708/>

==Career==
=== Early work (1995–2009) ===
Winget started her career as a child actor with the 1995 film ''[[Akele Hum Akele Tum]]'' and later appeared as a School kid in 1997 film ''[[Raja Ki Aayegi Baraat]]'' which starring [[Rani Mukerji]]. At the age of 15 she was seen in the 2000 film ''[[Raja Ko Rani Se Pyar Ho Gaya]]'' as Tanu,<ref name=ToI1708>{{cite news |last=Mehrotra |first=Mohini |title=Sarees, not mini skirts for Jennifer |newspaper=The Times of India |date=17 August 2007 |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/Cities/Delhi_Times/Sarees_not_mini_skirts_for_Jennifer/articleshow/2285450.cms |access-date=28 February 2008}}</ref> and then appeared as a supporting actor in the Indian film ''[[Kuch Naa Kaho]]'' at the age of 18.<ref name=ToI1408>{{cite news |last=Unnithan |first=Chitra |title='I never plan things,' Jennifer |newspaper=The Times of India |date=14 August 2007 |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/Cities/Ahmedabad_Times/I_never_plan_things_Jennifer/articleshow/2278472.cms |access-date=28 February 2008}}</ref> Later, she went on to work in various Indian TV shows.<ref name=ToI1408 /><ref name=IT1307>{{cite news |last=K |first=Prema |title=Star Plus to expand primetime with launch of 'Sangam' |publisher=Indian Television |date=23 July 2007 |url=http://www.indiantelevision.com/headlines/y2k7/july/july311.php |access-date=28 February 2008}}</ref><ref name=TT2008>{{cite news |last=Roy |first=Priyanka |title=She spreads her wings |newspaper=The Telegraph|location=Kolkota |date=20 August 2007 |url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1070820/asp/entertainment/story_8214582.asp |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080430180154/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1070820/asp/entertainment/story_8214582.asp |url-status=dead |archive-date=30 April 2008 |access-date=28 February 2008}}</ref> Winget's big break as the lead in television came with the show ''[[Kartika (TV series)|Karthika]]'', where she played the role of a struggling singer who dreams of making it big.<ref>{{Cite web |title=From a child artist to working in Aashiqui 3: A look back at Jennifer Winget's career |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/web-stories/hindi/from-a-child-artist-to-working-in-aashiqui-3-a-look-back-at-jennifer-wingets-career/photostory/94045257.cms |access-date=2024-03-25 |website=timesofindia.indiatimes.com}}</ref>

She later starred in ''[[Kasautii Zindagii Kay (2001 TV series)|Kasautii Zindagii Kay]]'', where she played Sneha, the daughter of the protagonists [[Shweta Tiwari]] and her performance was praised.<ref name="ride"/> Then she replaced [[Kavita Kaushik]] as Natasha in ''[[Kyaa Hoga Nimmo Kaa]]''. In 2007, she was seen playing Svetlana in [[StarPlus]] popular drama ''[[Kahin To Hoga]]''. From 2007–2009 she was portrayed the female protagonist Ganga Bhatia in StarPlus drama ''[[Sangam (TV series)|Sangam]]''.

In 2008, she participated in [[Star One (Indian TV channel)|Star One]]'s dance reality show ''[[Zara Nachke Dikha|Zara Nach Ke Dikha 1]]'' and emerged as the Winner of the show.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/dancing-for-a-cause/articleshow/6063215.cms|title=Dancing for a cause|website=Times of India|date=19 June 2010 }}</ref> After winning the former, she hosted the second season of the show along with ''[[Dekh India Dekh]]'' and the comedy ''[[List of programs broadcast by STAR One|Laughter Ke Phatke]]'' both 2009–2010.

===Breakthrough and success (2010–2015)===
The same year, she replaced [[Sukirti Kandpal]] as Dr. Riddhima Gupta in the medical youth show ''[[Dill Mill Gayye]]'' opposite [[Karan Singh Grover]] and [[Karan Wahi]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/will-the-original-dr-riddhima-return/articleshow/5705881.cms |title=Will the Original Dr. Riddhima return? |newspaper=Times of India |agency=TNN |date=21 March 2010 |access-date=4 November 2022}}</ref> It revolves around Young aspiring medical interns join Sanjeevani in hopes of becoming the best doctors.
[[File:Winget at STAR Plus Dandia Shoot.jpg|thumb|Winget at a shoot for ''[[Star Plus]]'' in 2011]]
In 2011, she was seen hosted the comedy show ''[[Comedy Ka Maha Muqabala]]'' and the dance show ''[[Nachle Ve with Saroj Khan]]''{{'s}} finale episode. Two years later, In 2013, she starred in [[Sanjay Leela Bhansali]]'s television show [[Saraswatichandra (TV series)|Saraswatichandra]] as the protagonist Kumud Desai opposite [[Gautam Rode]]. The story revolves around classic tale of love and heartbreak, Saras and Kumud are soulmates who are repeatedly denied the joy of being together. For her performance she received several accolades including the [[Indian Television Academy Award for Best Actress Drama|Indian Television Academy Award for Best Actress Critics]].<ref name="ibnlive1">{{cite news |title=Karan Singh Grover, Devoleena bag top honours at ITA awards |url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/karan-singh-grover-devoleena-bag-top-honours-at-ita-awards/430224-44-124.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131026132604/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/karan-singh-grover-devoleena-bag-top-honours-at-ita-awards/430224-44-124.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=26 October 2013 |access-date=7 April 2014 |newspaper=in.com |date=24 October 2013}}</ref>

=== Established actress (2016–2019) ===
Following a two year absence, Winget returned in 2016 portrayed her notable role Maya Mehrotra in [[Sony TV]]'s psychological thriller series ''[[Beyhadh]]''. Her portrayal of a complex and obsessive character earned her critical acclaim and a massive fan following.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/tv/watch-kushal-tandon-saves-jennifer-winget-from-fire-on-beyhadh-sets/story-mc2eSGs29CztLYxDK1U1pM.html |title=Watch: Kushal Tandon saves Jennifer Winget from fire on Beyhadh sets |date=8 February 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine |url=https://m.indiatoday.in/lite/story/jennifer-winget-negative-character-sociopath-shades-of-grey-behad-kushal-tandon/1/655829.html |magazine=[[India Today]] |title=Jennifer Winget to play a negative character in an upcoming show |access-date=6 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180107061306/https://m.indiatoday.in/lite/story/jennifer-winget-negative-character-sociopath-shades-of-grey-behad-kushal-tandon/1/655829.html |archive-date=7 January 2018 |url-status=dead}}</ref> For her performance she earned numerous accolades and appreciation including [[Indian Television Academy Awards]] for Best Actress (Jury) respectively.

In 2018, she starred as Zoya Siddiqui in [[Colors TV]]'s romantic drama series ''[[Bepannaah]]'' opposite [[Harshad Chopda]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/jennifer-winget-bepannaah-5121886/ |title=Jennifer Winget: Bepannaah presents the idea of second chances in love |date=3 April 2018 |work=The Indian Express |access-date=9 August 2018 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/top-stories/story/jennifer-winget-and-harshad-chopda-s-bepannaah-makes-a-smashing-debut-rakes-in-ratings-1200446-2018-03-29 |title=Jennifer Winget and Harshad Chopda's Bepannaah makes a smashing debut; rakes in ratings |website=India Today |date=29 March 2018 |language=en |access-date=9 August 2018}}</ref> It focuses the story of two protagonists Zoya and Aditya who meet in the most unfortunate circumstances. She received praise for her exceptional acting skills, At the [[Gold Awards]], she earned Best Actress (Jury) and [[Indian Telly Awards]] for [[Indian Telly Award for Best Actress in a Lead Role|Best Actress in Lead Role]].

After the success of first season, In 2019, she starred portrayed the role of Maya Jaisingh in [[SET India|Sony TV's]] revenge romantic thriller ''[[Beyhadh 2]]'' a [[spiritual successor]] 2016 series of ''Beyhadh'' opposite [[Ashish Chaudhary]] and [[Shivin Narang]].

===Expansion to streaming projects (2020–present)===
From 2020 to 2022, She ventured into web world with [[ALT Balaji]]'s crime drama series ''[[Code M]]'' where she portrayed the role of Major Monica Mehra. Ruchi Kaushal for ''[[Hindustan Times]]'' wrote "Winget makes an impressive debut on the digital platform as an army lawyer who delves into a high-profile case just days before her wedding".<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-01-21|title=Code M review: Jennifer Winget, Rajat Kapoor offer a crackling thriller|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/tv/code-m-review-jennifer-winget-rajat-kapoor-offer-a-crackling-thriller/story-9xvm1dWUvcdLNXD5VgnqcO.html|access-date=2020-08-06|website=Hindustan Times|language=en}}</ref> For her performance she was nominated at the [[2020 Filmfare OTT Awards|Filmfare OTT Awards]] for Best Actress Series (Female).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Exclusive! Check The Nominees For The Flyx Filmfare OTT Awards |url=https://www.filmfare.com//features/nominees-for-the-flyx-filmfare-ott-awards-45350.html |access-date=17 December 2020 |website=filmfare.com |language=en}}</ref>

After a two year hiatus, Winget portrayed an advocate, Anushka Raisinghani in the 2024 series ''[[Raisinghani vs Raisinghani]]'' opposite Karan Wahi.<ref>{{cite news |title=SonyLIV's new show Raisinghani v/s Raisinghani sees Virat and Anushka face off in bitter rivalry, fans say 'this is wow' |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-sonyliv-new-show-raisinghani-vs-raisinghani-sees-virat-anushka-face-off-in-bitter-rivalry-fans-react-3075155 |access-date=8 February 2024 |work=DNA India |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Watch: Jennifer Winget-Karan Wahi reignite their chemistry in promo of new show |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/celebrity/story/jennifer-winget-karan-wahi-raisinghani-vs-raisinghani-sonyliv-show-2496831-2024-02-02 |access-date=8 February 2024 |work=[[India Today]] |language=en}}</ref> Prachi Arya of ''[[India Today]]'' noted, "Jennifer is impressive as a lawyer whose personal and professional struggles collide. She obviously shares an easy chemistry with Wahi, but when they are together, it is hard to look away from her."<ref>{{cite news |title=Raisinghani vs Raisinghani review: Jennifer Winget, Karan Wahi battle for legacy |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/entertainment/television/story/raisinghani-vs-raisinghani-review-jennifer-winget-karan-wahi-reem-sameer-shaikh-sony-liv-2501115-2024-02-13 |access-date=15 February 2024 |work=India Today |language=en}}</ref> Winget will next appear in a [[Netflix]] series with [[Parineeti Chopra]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/parineeti-chopra-jennifer-winget-wrap-shoot-netflix-thriller-see-pic-entire-cast/ |title=Parineeti Chopra and Jennifer Winget wrap up shoot for Netflix thriller; see pic with the entire cast |access-date=29 April 2025 |date=27 April 2025 |work=Bollywood Hungama}}</ref>

==Personal life==
Winget married [[Karan Singh Grover]] on 9 April 2012.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Karan-Singh-Grovers-link-ups/photostory/45616360.cms |title=Karan Singh Grover's link ups - Karan Singh Grover's link-ups - The Times of India |website=The Times of India |access-date=9 June 2018 |date=23 December 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Maheshwari |first=Neha |title=I've no strategies to keep Karan tied down: Jennifer Winget |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tv/Ive-no-strategies-to-keep-Karan-tied-down-Jennifer-Winget/articleshow/12797790.cms |access-date=7 April 2014 |newspaper=The Times of India |date=22 April 2012}}</ref> In November 2014, Winget stated that she and Grover had separated.<ref name="Karan-Jennifer divorce">{{cite news |last1=Bajwa |first1=Dimpal |title=Karan Singh Grover confirms divorce with Jennifer Winget on Twitter |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/karan-singh-grover-confirms-divorce-with-jennifer-winget-on-twitter/ |newspaper=The Indian Express |access-date=15 December 2014 |date=9 December 2014}}</ref><ref name="Jennifer admits her marriage to Karan Singh Grover is over">{{cite web |title=Jennifer admits her marriage to Karan Singh Grover is over |website=[[The Times of India]] |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/tv/news/Jennifer-Winget-admits-her-marriage-to-Karan-Singh-Grover-is-over/articleshow/45307678.cms |access-date=22 November 2014}}</ref>

==In the media==
[[File:Jennifer Winget at the '11th Star Parivaar Awards 2013' (cropped).jpg|thumb|Winget in 2013]]

Winget's acting performances in ''Kasautii Zindagii Kay'', ''Dill Mill Gayye'', ''Saraswatichandra'', ''Beyhadh'' and ''Bepannah'', has established her among the popular and highest-paid actresses of Hindi television.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.gqindia.com/entertainment/content/kapil-sharma-to-ram-kapoor-10-highest-paid-indian-tv-actors-who-charge-a-hefty-amount-per-episode/amp |title=Kapil Sharma to Jennifer Winget, 10 highest-paid Indian TV actors who charge a hefty amount per episode |website=GQ India |date=30 June 2022 |access-date=30 June 2022}}</ref> She is widely noted for her powerful and impactful onscreen roles and performances.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/what-s-hot/story/6-reasons-jennifer-winget-is-the-undisputed-queen-of-indian-tv-1245543-2018-05-30 |title=Author-backed to experimental roles: 6 reasons why Jennifer Winget is the undisputed queen of Indian Television |website=India Today |date=30 May 2018 |access-date=31 May 2018}}</ref> She was placed fifth in ''[[Rediff]]''{{'}}s "Top 10 Television Actresses" list of 2014.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/report/slide-show-1-televisions-top-10-actresses/20140702.htm |title=Television's Top 10 Actresses |publisher=Rediff |archive-date=16 September 2018 |access-date=3 May 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180916011914/http://www.rediff.com/movies/report/slide-show-1-televisions-top-10-actresses/20140702.htm}}</ref> In 2017, ''[[The Indian Express]]'' placed her first in its "Top 10 Television Actresses" list.<ref>{{cite news |title=Top 10 television actresses of 2017: Divyanka Tripathi, Jennifer Winget and Rubina Dilaik find place in the list |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/top-10-television-actresses-of-2017-4981500/lite/ |newspaper=The Indian Express |access-date=11 January 2020 |date=29 December 2017}}</ref>

In UK-based newspaper ''[[Eastern Eye]]''{{'}}s list of "50 Sexiest Asian Women", Winget was placed 21st in 2012, 15th in 2013 and 13th in 2018.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://archive.mid-day.com/entertainment/2012/dec/061212-Priyanka-Chopra-named-world-sexiest-Asian-woman.htm |title=Priyanka Chopra named world's sexiest Asian woman |website=archive.mid-day.com |access-date=19 July 2018 |archive-date=16 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180916011914/http://archive.mid-day.com/entertainment/2012/dec/061212-Priyanka-Chopra-named-world-sexiest-Asian-woman.htm |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.easterneye.biz/deepika-padukone-reclaims-sexiest-asian-woman-on-the-planet-crown/ |title=Sexiest Asian Women List 2018: Deepika Padukone reclaims sexiest Asian woman on the planet crown |website=Eastern Eye |language=en-GB |date=5 December 2018}}</ref> Winget became [[Times of India|Times Most Desirable Women on Television]] in 2017. She was further placed 2nd in 2018 and 2019, and 5th in 2020.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/meet-the-times-20-most-desirable-women-on-tv/articleshow/64234804.cms |title=Meet The Times 20 Most Desirable Women on TV - Times of India |work=The Times of India |access-date=9 August 2018 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/hina-khan-tops-the-times-20-most-desirable-women-on-tv-2018/articleshow/69281775.cms |title=Meet TV's most desirable actresses - Times of India |website=The Times of India |date=16 May 2019 |language=en |access-date=14 September 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/hina-khan-to-shehnaz-gill-meet-the-times-top-20-most-desirable-women-on-tv-2019/photostory/77943901.cms?picid=77944022 |title=Hina Khan to Shehnaz Gill: Meet the Times Top 20 Most Desirable Women on TV 2019 |website=[[The Times of India]] |date=5 September 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Meet The Times 20 Most Desirable Women on Television 2020 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/meet-the-times-20-most-desirable-women-on-television-2020/articleshow/83433752.cms |access-date=5 August 2021 |website=The Times of India |date=12 June 2021 |language=en}}</ref> In 2022, Winget contributed to the fight for India’s elephants by spending three days volunteering with [[Wildlife SOS]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://wildlifesos.org/chronological-news/a-volunteer-to-remember-indian-actress-jennifer-winget/ |title=A Volunteer To Remember: Indian Actress Jennifer Winget, With Wildlife SOS For Elephants! |website=Wildlife SOS |date=14 August 2022}}</ref> She has also been [[cover model]] for various magazines.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/tv/photos/375836/jennifer-winget-s-summer-style-spot-magazine-cover%3famp |title=Exclusive! Jennifer Winget's summer style is spot on in this magazine cover |website=Pinkvilla |access-date=7 April 2017 |archive-date=24 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221024082707/https://www.pinkvilla.com/tv/photos/375836/jennifer-winget-s-summer-style-spot-magazine-cover?amp |url-status=dead }}</ref>

==Filmography==
===Films===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|- style="text-align:left;"
! Year
! Title
! Role
! Notes
! Ref.
|-
| 1995
| ''[[Akele Hum Akele Tum]]''
| Young girl
| rowspan="4" |Child actor
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:left;" |
|-
| 1997
| ''[[Raja Ki Aayegi Baraat]]''
| School kid
|-
| 2000
| ''[[Raja Ko Rani Se Pyar Ho Gaya]]''
| Tanu
|style="text-align:left;"|<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/54572 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120123041717/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/54572 |url-status=dead |archive-date=23 January 2012 |title=Raja Ko Rani Se Pyar Ho Gaya(2000) |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]}}</ref>
|-
|2003
| ''[[Kuch Naa Kaho]]''
| Pooja
| style="text-align:left;" |<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.india.com/entertainment/jennifer-winget-has-worked-with-abhishek-bachchan-aishwarya-rai-in-this-movie-check-details-3037768/ |title=Did You Know Jennifer Winget and Aishwarya Rai Once Shared Screen Space? Check Pics |last=Vaid |first=Kritika |date=6 May 2018 |website=India News, Breaking News, Entertainment News {{!}} India.com |language=en |access-date=23 April 2020}}</ref>
|-
|2013
|''Life Reboot Nahi Hoti''
|Aisha Mittal
|
|
|-
|2018
|''[[Phir Se... (film)|Phir Se...]]''
| Kajal Kapoor
|
|
|}

===Television===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|- style="text-align:center;"
! Year
! Title
! Role
!Notes
! Ref.
|-
| 2002–2003
| ''[[Shaka Laka Boom Boom]]''
| Piya
|
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref name="exp1">{{cite web |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Jennifer-wants-to-experiment/articleshow/3177527.cms |title=Jennifer wants to experiment |work=[[The Times of India]] |date=30 June 2008}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2003
| ''[[Kkusum]]''
| Simran
|
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref name="exp1" />
|-
| ''[[Kkoi Dil Mein Hai]]''
| Preeti
|
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref name="indiantele">{{cite web |title=Sony to debut Balaji's next 'Kkoi Dil Mein Hai' |url=http://www.indiantelevision.org.in/headlines/y2k3/nov/nov226.htm |publisher=Indian Television Dot Com Pvt Ltd |access-date=4 October 2014 |location=MUMBAI |date=29 November 2003 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141018150415/http://www.indiantelevision.org.in/headlines/y2k3/nov/nov226.htm |archive-date=18 October 2014}}</ref>
|-
| 2004
| ''[[Kartika (TV series)|Karthika]]''
| Karthika
|
| style="text-align:center;"|
|-
| 2005–2007
| ''[[Kasautii Zindagii Kay (2001 TV series)|Kasautii Zindagii Kay]]''
| Sneha Bajaj
|
| style="text-align:center;"| <ref>{{cite web |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/My-man-should-be-like-Richard-Gere/articleshow/2320815.cms |title=My man should be like Richard Gere |work=[[The Times of India]] |date=10 August 2007}}</ref>
|-
| 2006
| ''[[Kyaa Hoga Nimmo Kaa]]''
| Natasha
|
| style="text-align:center;"| <ref>{{cite web |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Jennifer-Winget-to-romance-filmmaker-Kunal-Kohli/articleshow/44179983.cms |title=Jennifer Winget to romance filmmaker Kunal Kohli |work=[[The Times of India]] |date=3 October 2014}}</ref>
|-
|2007
| ''[[Kahin To Hoga]]''
| Svetlana
|
| style="text-align:center;"| <ref name="exp1"/>
|-
| 2007–2009
| ''[[Sangam (TV series)|Sangam]]''
| Ganga Bhatia
|
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/television/sangam-hoga-ki-nahi/article1-316185.aspx |title=Sangam hoga ki nahi? |date=9 June 2008 |work=[[Hindustan Times]] |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150101063344/http://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/television/sangam-hoga-ki-nahi/article1-316185.aspx |archive-date=1 January 2015}}</ref>
|-
| 2008
| ''[[Zara Nachke Dikha|Zara Nach Ke Dikha 1]]''
| Contestant
|Winner
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/tv/news-gossip/378645/zara-nachke-dikha-reunion-jennifer-winget-karishma-tanna-narayani-shastri |title=Zara Nachke Dikha reunion: Jennifer Winget, Karishma Tanna, Narayani Shastri & others party hard |date=16 May 2017 |access-date=18 March 2019 |archive-date=22 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210122204607/https://www.pinkvilla.com/tv/news-gossip/378645/zara-nachke-dikha-reunion-jennifer-winget-karishma-tanna-narayani-shastri |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="4" | 2009
| ''[[Dekh India Dekh]]''
| rowspan="2" | Host
|
| style="text-align:center;" |
|-
| ''[[List of programs broadcast by STAR One|Laughter Ke Phatke]]''
|
| style="text-align:center;"| <ref name="laughterke">{{cite news |title=It's not funny, 'Laughter Ke Phatke' going off air? |url=http://entertainment.in.msn.com/tv/article.aspx?cp-documentid=3304143 |access-date=7 April 2014 |publisher=MSN |date=13 January 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140318134544/http://entertainment.in.msn.com/tv/article.aspx?cp-documentid=3304143 |archive-date=18 March 2014 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Comedy Circus|Comedy Circus 3]]''
| Contestant
|
| style="text-align:center;"| <ref>{{cite news |title=Comedy Circus returns with 'Teen Ka Tadka' |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tv-/Comedy-Circus-returns-with-Teen-Ka-Tadka/articleshow/5148188.cms?referral=PM |access-date=7 April 2014 |newspaper=The Times of India |date=22 October 2009}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Dill Mill Gayye]]''
| Dr. Riddhima Gupta
|
| style="text-align:center;"| <ref name="ride">{{cite web |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Telly-heartthrobs-soapy-ride-to-success/articleshow/43533666.cms |title=Telly heartthrobs' soapy ride to success |work=[[The Times of India]] |date=27 September 2014 |access-date=21 October 2014}}</ref>
|-
| 2010
| ''[[Zara Nachke Dikha|Zara Nach Ke Dikha 2]]''
| Host
|
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{cite news |last=Dubey |first=Rachana |title=Entry, exit! |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/television/entry-exit/article1-540912.aspx |access-date=7 April 2014 |newspaper=Hindustan Times |date=8 May 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140319222102/http://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/television/entry-exit/article1-540912.aspx |archive-date=19 March 2014}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="3" | 2011
| ''[[Zor Ka Jhatka: Total Wipeout]]''
| Contestant
|
| style="text-align:center;"| <ref>{{cite news |title=Anchor effect |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/television/anchor-effect/article1-712032.aspx |access-date=7 April 2014 |newspaper=Hindustan Times |date=21 June 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140319222207/http://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/television/anchor-effect/article1-712032.aspx |archive-date=19 March 2014}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Comedy Ka Maha Muqabala]]''
| rowspan="2" | Host
|
| style="text-align:center;"| <ref>{{cite news |title=There is no question of being overshadowed by the stars in Comedy ka maha muqabla : Jennifer Winget |url=https://in.celebrity.yahoo.com/news/there-question-overshadowed-the-stars-comedy-ka-maha-131025990.html |access-date=7 April 2014 |publisher=Yahoo! |date=23 March 2011}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Nachle Ve with Saroj Khan]]''
|Finale episode
| style="text-align:center;"| <ref>{{cite news |title=Jennifer Winget Sunil Grover Genelia Saroj Khan On Shooting Sets Of Dance Reality Show Nachle Ve At RK Studios In Mumbai 2 |url=http://pages.rediff.com/photoalbum/preview/rediff-bollywood-photos/genelia-d-souza-and-malaika-arora-khan-on-shooting-sets-of-dance-reality-show-nachle-ve-at-rk-studios-in-mumbai/3917719/40457401/202510/13/jennifer-winget-sunil-grover-genelia-saroj-khan-on-shooting-sets-of-dance-reality-show-nachle-ve-at-rk-studios-in-mumbai--2- |access-date=7 April 2014 |work=Rediff.com |date=22 December 2011}}</ref>
|-
| 2013–2014
| ''[[Saraswatichandra (TV series)|Saraswatichandra]]''
| Kumud Desai
|
| style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite news |last=Maheshwri |first=Neha |title=Saraswatichandra: A lavish love story |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/tv/news-interviews/Saraswatichandra-A-lavish-love-story/articleshow/18657678.cms |access-date=7 April 2014 |newspaper=The Times of India |date=25 February 2013}}</ref>
|-
| 2016–2017
| ''[[Beyhadh]]''
|Maya Mehrotra
|
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{cite news |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Behad-is-a-good-change-for-me-Jennifer-Winget/articleshow/52075126.cms |title='Behad' is a good change for me:Jennifer Winget |work=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=2 May 2016}}</ref>
|-
| 2018
| ''[[Bepannah|Bepannaah]]''
| Zoya Siddiqui
|
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref name=":0" />
|-
| 2019–2020
| ''[[Beyhadh 2]]''
| Maya Jaisingh
|
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/jennifer-winget-confirms-being-part-of-beyhadh-2-5924298/ |title=Jennifer Winget confirms being part of Beyhadh 2 |date=21 August 2019 |website=The Indian Express |language=en-IN |access-date=21 August 2019}}</ref>
|}

=== Web Series ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|- style="text-align:left;"
! Year
! Show
! Role
! Platform
! Ref.
|-
| 2020–2022
| ''[[Code M]]''
| Major Monica Mehra
| [[ALT Balaji]]
| style="text-align:left;" |<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/jennifer-winget-to-play-army-officer-in-altbalajis-new-show-code-m-2184861.html |title=Jennifer Winget to Play Army Officer in ALTBalaji's Code M |website=news18.com |access-date=10 January 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=21 January 2020 |title=Code M review: Jennifer Winget, Rajat Kapoor offer a crackling thriller |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/tv/code-m-review-jennifer-winget-rajat-kapoor-offer-a-crackling-thriller/story-9xvm1dWUvcdLNXD5VgnqcO.html |access-date=6 August 2020 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| 2024
| ''[[Raisinghani VS Raisinghani]]''
| Anushka Raisinghani
| [[Sony LIV]]
| <ref>{{cite news|last=|first=|date=21 January 2024|title=Jennifer Winget, Karan Wahi's 'Raisinghani V/S Raisinghani' First Look Unveiled|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/web-series/news/hindi/watch-jennifer-winget-and-karan-wahi-in-raisinghani-vs-raisinghani-on-sony-liv/articleshow/107030886.cms|access-date=21 January 2024|work=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref>
|-
| TBA
| style="background:#FFFFCC;"| Untitled series {{dagger|alt=Films that have not yet been released}}
| {{TableTBA}}
| [[Netflix]]
| <ref>{{cite web | title=Netflix announces mystery thriller starring Parineeti Chopra, Jennifer Winget, Tahir Raj Bhasin | website=Telegraph India | date=25 February 2025 | url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/netflix-announces-new-thriller-mystery-series-starring-parineeti-chopra-jennifer-winget-tahir-raj-bhasin/cid/2085583}}</ref>
|-
|}

=== Music videos ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|- style="text-align:left;"
! Year
! Title
! Singer
! Ref.
|-
| 2023
|''Guli Mata''
|[[Shreya Ghoshal]], [[Saad Lamjarred]]
| style="text-align:left;" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-07-10 |title=Shreya Ghoshal and Arabic popstar Saad Lamjarred come together for a musical delight |url=https://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/bollywood-news/article/shreya-ghoshal-and-arabic-popstar-saad-lamjarred-come-together-for-a-musical-delight-23297098 |access-date=2023-07-13 |website=Mid-day |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Sohail |first=Safoora |date=2023-07-13 |title=Shreya Ghoshal's Arabic singing skills leave fans spellbound [Video] |url=https://www.siasat.com/shreya-ghoshals-arabic-singing-skills-leave-fans-spellbound-video-2639790/ |access-date=2023-07-13 |website=The Siasat Daily |language=en-US}}</ref>
|}

====Special appearances====
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|- style="text-align:center;"
! Year
! Title
! Role
! Notes
! Ref.
|-
|2006
| ''[[Kahaani Ghar Ghar Kii]]''
| Herself
|
| style="text-align:center;"| <ref name="exp1"/>
|-
| 2007
| ''[[Kumkum – Ek Pyara Sa Bandhan]]''
|Ganga Bhatia
|
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref name="exp1"/>
|-
|2009
| ''[[Perfect Bride]]''
| Herself
|Dance performance
| style="text-align:center;"| <ref>{{cite web |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/tv/news/Perfect-Bride-Rumpa-weds-Hitesh-on-TV/articleshow/5332794.cms |title=Perfect Bride Rumpa weds Hitesh on TV |work=[[The Times of India]] |date=9 December 2014}}</ref>
|-
|2012
|''[[Teri Meri Love Stories]]''
|Neeti
|
|<ref>{{cite web |date=24 August 2014 |title=Jennifer Winget returns acting with a telefilm |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/television/jennifer-winget-returns-to-acting-with-a-telefilm/article1-918653.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20141214135042/http://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/television/jennifer-winget-returns-to-acting-with-a-telefilm/article1-918653.aspx |archive-date=14 December 2014 |work=[[Hindustan Times]]}}</ref>
|-
| 2013
| ''[[Ek Hazaaron Mein Meri Behna Hai]]''
| rowspan="2" |Kumud Desai
|
| style="text-align:center;"| <ref name="exp1"/>
|-
| 2014
| ''[[Yeh Rishta Kya Kehlata Hai]]''
|
| style="text-align:center;"| <ref name="exp1"/>
|-
| 2015
| ''[[Kumkum Bhagya]]''
| Herself
|
| style="text-align:center;"| <ref name="exp1"/>
|-
| 2016
| ''[[The Kapil Sharma Show]]''
| Maya Mehrotra
|
|style="text-align:center;"| <ref>{{cite news |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/pics-sunil-grover-flirts-with-guest-jennifer-winget-on-the-kapil-sharma-show/photostory/54713263.cms |title=PICS: Sunil Grover flirts with guest Jennifer Winget on The Kapil Sharma show |date=6 October 2016 |newspaper=The Times of India |access-date=7 January 2017}}</ref>
|-
|rowspan="5"|2018
| ''[[Laado 2 (TV series)|Laado 2 – Veerpur Ki Mardani]]''
| rowspan="5" |Zoya Siddiqui
|
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref name=":0" />
|-
| ''[[Silsila Badalte Rishton Ka]]''
|
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/silsila-badalte-rishton-ka-written-update-september-11-2018-mauli-gets-suspicious-about-nandini-and-kunals-relationship/articleshow/65780330.cms |title=Silsila Badalte Rishton Ka written update, September 11, 2018: Mauli gets suspicious about Nandini and Kunal's relationship |website=[[The Times of India]] |date=12 September 2018}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Dev (TV series)|Dev 2]]''
|
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref name=":0" />
|-
| ''[[Udaan (2014 TV series)|Udaan]]''
|
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref name=":0" />
|-
| ''[[Dance Deewane]]''
|
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref name=":0" />
|-
| 2020
| ''[[Ishaaron Ishaaron Mein]]''
|Maya Jaisingh
|
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref name=":2" />
|}

==Accolades ==
{{main|List of awards and nominations received by Jennifer Winget}}

Winget has received two [[Indian Television Academy Awards]] for her performance in ''Saraswatichandra'' and ''Beyhadh''. Additionally, she has received two [[Indian Telly Awards]] for ''Saraswatichandra'' and ''Bepannah''.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/ita-awards-2017-winners-list-jennifer-winget-nakuul-mehta-vivian-dsena-see-photos-videos-4924530/lite/ |title=ITA Awards 2017 winners list: Jennifer Winget, Vivian Dsena and Nakuul Mehta take home the trophies |work=The Indian Express |access-date=19 September 2018 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/indian-telly-awards-2019-winners-list-divyanka-tripathi-hina-khan-nakuul-mehta-5636869/|title=Indian Telly Awards 2019: Winners|website=The Indian Express|date=21 March 2019|language=en-IN|access-date=21 March 2019|archive-date=1 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190401071120/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/indian-telly-awards-2019-winners-list-divyanka-tripathi-hina-khan-nakuul-mehta-5636869/|url-status=live}}</ref>

==See also==
{{Portal bar|Biography|India|Bollywood}}
* [[List of Hindi television actresses]]
* [[List of Indian television actresses]]
* [[List of Indian film actresses]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons}}
* {{IMDb name|1764355}}
* {{Bollywood Hungama person|jennifer-winget}}

{{Navboxes
| title = Awards for Jennifer Winget
| list =
{{Indian Telly Award Best Lead Actress}}
{{Indian Television Academy Award Best Lead Actress}}
}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Winget, Jennifer}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian soap opera actresses]]
[[Category:Indian television actresses]]
[[Category:Actresses in Hindi cinema]]
[[Category:Actresses in Hindi television]]
[[Category:1985 births]]
[[Category:Indian Christians]]
[[Category:Actresses from Mumbai]]

Three wise monkeys

2026-03-10T09:55:11Z

Vikiknl: cleanup

{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2024}}
{{Short description|Maxim of see no evil, hear no evil, speak no evil}}
{{Redirect|Sanzaru|the game company|Sanzaru Games|the 2020 film| Sanzaru (film)}}
{{Redirect|See no evil hear no evil|the 1989 comedy film|See No Evil, Hear No Evil (film){{!}}''See No Evil, Hear No Evil '' (film)}}
[[File:Toshogu Three Monkeys Restored 2024 Crop.jpg|thumb|The three wise monkeys at the [[Nikkō Tōshō-gū|Tōshō-gū]] shrine in [[Nikkō]], Japan]]
The {{nihongo|'''three wise monkeys'''|三猿|San'en|{{ipa|ja|saɰ̃.eɴ|}},<ref name=daijirin>{{cite book|script-title=ja:[[Daijirin|大辞林]]|publisher=[[Sanseidō]]|editor-last=Matsumura|editor-first=Akira|edition=4th|date=5 September 2019|lang=ja}}</ref> {{lit|three monkeys}}}} are a Japanese pictorial [[Maxim (philosophy)|maxim]], embodying the [[proverb]]ial principle "'''see no evil, hear no evil, speak no evil'''".<ref>[[Wolfgang Mieder]]. 1981. "The Proverbial Three Wise Monkeys," ''Midwestern Journal of Language and Folklore'', 7: 5-
38.</ref> The three monkeys are
* {{nihongo|'''Mizaru'''|見猿}}, covering his eyes and {{nihongo|"not seeing"|見ざる|mizaru}},
* {{nihongo3|'''Kikazaru'''|聞か猿}}, covering his ears and {{nihongo|"not hearing"|聞かざる|kikazaru}},
* {{nihongo3|'''Iwazaru'''|言わ猿}}, covering his mouth and {{nihongo|"not speaking"|言わざる|iwazaru}}.<ref name=daijirin /><ref>{{cite book |last= Japan Society of London |title= Transactions and proceedings of the Japan Society, London, Volume 1 |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=X-oVAAAAYAAJ&q=Mizaru+Kikazaru+Iwazaru |year= 1893 |publisher= Kegan Paul, Trench, Trübner and Co. |page= 98 }} Oldest reference to the correct monkey names in English.</ref>

[[Lafcadio Hearn]] refers to them as the '''three mystic apes'''.<ref>[[Hearn, Lafcadio|Lafcadio Hearn]] (1894). ''Glimpses of unfamiliar Japan'', volume 2, p. 127.</ref>

There are at least two divergent interpretations of the maxim: in Buddhist tradition, it is about avoiding evil thoughts and deeds. In the West, however, it is often interpreted as dealing with impropriety by [[turning a blind eye]].<ref name=searching>{{cite web|title=Searching for the fourth monkey in a corrupted world|url=http://www.nationmultimedia.com/home/2011/04/21/opinion/Searching-for-the-fourth-monkey-in-a-corrupted-wor-30153534.html|website=The Nation|access-date=19 June 2017|author=Pornpimol Kanchanalak|location=Thailand|date=21 April 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150828032149/http://www.nationmultimedia.com/home/2011/04/21/opinion/Searching-for-the-fourth-monkey-in-a-corrupted-wor-30153534.html|archive-date=28 August 2015}}</ref>

Outside [[Japan]] the monkeys' names are sometimes given as ''Mizaru'', ''Mikazaru''{{Citation needed|date=March 2025}} and ''Mazaru'',<ref>{{cite book |last= Anderson |first= Isabel |title= The spell of Japan |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=B4JCAAAAIAAJ&q=Mazaru |year= 1920 |publisher= The Page Company |page= 379 }} Oldest reference of the incorrect ''Mazaru'' in Google Books.
</ref> as the last two names were corrupted from the Japanese originals.<ref>{{cite book |last=Worth |first=Fred L. |title= The Trivia Encyclopedia |year= 1974 |publisher= Brooke House |isbn= 978-0-912588-12-4 |page=[https://archive.org/details/triviaencycloped00wort/page/262 262]|title-link=The Trivia Encyclopedia }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last= Shipley |first= Joseph Twadell |title= The Origins of English Words: A Discursive Dictionary of Indo-European Roots |url= https://archive.org/details/originsofenglish00jose/page/249 |year= 2001 |publisher= [[Johns Hopkins University]] Press |isbn= 978-0-8018-6784-2 |page= [https://archive.org/details/originsofenglish00jose/page/249 249] }}</ref> The monkeys are [[Japanese macaque]]s, a common species in Japan.

==Origin==
[[File:Nikkō Tōshō-gū 20170325-3.jpg|thumb|left|Tōshō-gū shrine stable. The “Wise monkeys” panel is the second from left.]]
The source that popularized this pictorial [[Maxim (philosophy)|maxim]] is a 17th-century carving over a door of a stable of the [[Nikkō Tōshō-gū|Tōshō-gū]] shrine in [[Nikkō]], Japan. The carvings at Tōshō-gū Shrine were carved by [[Hidari Jingoro]], and are believed to have incorporated [[Confucius]]’s Code of Conduct, using the monkey as a way to depict man’s life cycle. There are a total of eight panels, and the iconic three wise monkeys picture comes from panel 2. The philosophy, however, probably originally came to Japan with a [[Tendai]]-[[Buddhist]] legend, from China in the 8th century ([[Nara Period]]). It has been suggested that the figures represent the three dogmas of the so-called middle school of the sect.

In [[Chinese language|Chinese]], two similar phrases exist: one is in the late ''[[Analects of Confucius]]'' (from 4th to 2nd century BCE), that reads: "Look not at what is contrary to propriety; listen not to what is contrary to propriety; speak not what is contrary to propriety; make no movement which is contrary to propriety" ({{lang|zh-hant|非禮勿視，非禮勿聽，非禮勿言，非禮勿動}});<ref>Original text: [[s:zh:論語#顏淵第十二|論語]] {{in lang|zh}}, [[s:The Analects#Part 12|Analects]] {{in lang|en}}</ref> the other is in the book ''[[Xunzi (book)|Xunzi]]'' (from the 3rd century BCE), which reads: "[The [[junzi|gentleman]]] makes his eyes not want to see what is not right, makes his ears not want to hear what is not right, makes his mouth not want to speak what is not right, and makes his heart not want to deliberate over what is not right" ({{lang|zh-hant|使目非是無欲見也，使耳非是無欲聞也，使口非是無欲言也，使心非是無欲慮也}}).<ref>Original text in ''[http://www.chinaknowledge.de/Literature/Poetry/sibucongkan.html Sibu Congkan]'', "Vol. 312". pages [https://ctext.org/library.pl?if=en&file=77669&page=32#%E4%BD%BF%E7%9B%AE%E9%9D%9E%E6%98%AF%E7%84%A1%E6%AC%B2%E8%A6%8B%E4%B9%9F%E4%BD%BF%E8%80%B3 32]-[https://ctext.org/library.pl?if=en&file=77669&page=33#%E9%9D%9E%E6%98%AF%E7%84%A1%E6%AC%B2%E8%81%9E%E4%B9%9F%E4%BD%BF%E5%8F%A3%E9%9D%9E%E6%98%AF%E7%84%A1%E6%AC%B2%E8%A8%80%E4%B9%9F%E4%BD%BF%E5%BF%83%E9%9D%9E%E6%98%AF%E7%84%A1%E6%AC%B2%E6%85%AE%E4%B9%9F 33] of 156</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Xunzi - The Complete Text|author=Xun Kuang|author-link=Xun Kuang|translator=Eric L. Hutton|year=2014|location=Princeton|publisher=Princeton University Press|page= 8}}</ref> Those may be the inspiration for the pictorial maxim after Chinese works were brought into Japan.

[[File:koshinscroll.jpg|thumb|upright|Kōshin scroll with the three monkeys|right]]
It is through the [[Kōshin]] rite of [[folk religion]] that the most significant examples are presented. The Kōshin belief or practice is a Japanese folk religion with Chinese [[Taoism]] origins and ancient [[Shinto]] influence. It was founded by Tendai Buddhist monks in the late 10th century. A considerable number of stone monuments can be found all over the eastern part of Japan around [[Tokyo]]. During the later part of the [[Muromachi period]], it was customary to display stone pillars depicting the three monkeys during the observance of Kōshin.{{fact|date=August 2024}}

Though the teaching had nothing to do with monkeys, the concept of the three monkeys originated from a simple play on words. The saying in Japanese is {{nihongo|''mizaru, kikazaru, iwazaru''|見ざる, 聞かざる, 言わざる|extra2="see not, hear not, speak not"}},<ref name=daijirin/> where ''-zaru'' is a negative auxiliary suffix meaning "not" and happens to sound like a different ''-zaru'', the [[Rendaku|voiced]] form of {{nihongo||猿|saru|{{xlat|monkey}}}} used in compounds.

The shrine at Nikko is a Shinto shrine, and the monkey is an extremely important being in the [[Shinto]] religion. The monkey is believed to be the messenger of the Hie Shinto shrines, which also have connections with Tendai Buddhism. There are important festivals that are celebrated during the [[Monkey (zodiac)|year of the Monkey]] (occurring every twelve years) and a special festival is celebrated every sixteenth year of the [[Kōshin]].{{fact|date=August 2024}}

"The Three Mystic Apes" (Sambiki Saru) were described as "the attendants of Saruta Hito no Mikoto or Kōshin, the God of the Roads".<ref>{{cite web|last=Joly|first=Henri L.|title=Legend in Japanese Art|url=https://archive.org/stream/legendinjapanese00jolyuoft/legendinjapanese00jolyuoft_djvu.txt|publisher=J. Lane|access-date=13 December 2011|location=London, New York|page=10|year=1908}}</ref> The Kōshin festival was held on the 60th day of the calendar. It has been suggested that during the Kōshin festival, according to old beliefs, one's bad deeds might be reported to heaven "unless avoidance actions were taken…". It has been theorized that the three Mystic Apes, Not Seeing, Hearing, or Speaking, may have been the "things that one has done wrong in the last 59 days".{{fact|date=August 2024}}

According to other accounts, the monkeys caused the ''Sanshi'' and ''Ten-Tei'' not to see, say or hear the bad deeds of a person. The {{nihongo|''Sanshi''|三尸}} are the [[Three Corpses]] living in everyone's body. The Sanshi keep track of the good deeds and particularly the bad deeds of the person they inhabit. Every 60 days, on the night called {{nihongo|''Kōshin-Machi''|庚申待}}, if the person sleeps, the Sanshi will leave the body and go to {{nihongo|''Ten-Tei''|天帝}}, the Heavenly God, to report about the deeds of that person. Ten-Tei will then decide to punish bad people, making them ill, shortening their time alive, and in extreme cases putting an end to their lives. Those believers of Kōshin who have reason to fear will try to stay awake during Kōshin nights. This is the only way to prevent the Sanshi from leaving their body and reporting to Ten-Tei.

==Meaning of the proverb==
Just as there is disagreement about the origin of the phrase, there are differing explanations of the meaning of "see no evil, hear no evil, speak no evil".
* In Buddhist tradition, the tenets of the proverb are about not dwelling on evil thoughts.
* The proverb and the image are often used to refer to a lack of moral responsibility on the part of people who refuse to acknowledge impropriety, [[turning a blind eye|looking the other way]] or feigning ignorance.<ref name="Olesen">{{cite news|title=How about monkey see, monkey DON'T do next time?|url=http://www.winnipegfreepress.com/opinion/columnists/how-about-monkey-see-monkey-dont-do-next-time-132842328.html|access-date=25 July 2012|newspaper=Winnipeg Free Press|date=29 October 2011|author=Tom Oleson}}</ref>

==Variations==
[[File:Four wise monkeys.jpg|thumb|Sculpture of four monkeys, the fourth monkey is covering its genitals]]
Sometimes there is a fourth monkey depicted, '''Sezaru''', also known as '''Shizaru''', who symbolizes the principle of "do no evil", which fits with the full quote from [[Analects of Confucius]].{{cn|date=December 2025}} The monkey may be shown crossing its arms or covering its genitals. Yet another variation has the fourth monkey hold its nose to avoid a stench and has been dubbed "smell no evil" accordingly.<ref name=searching/>

[[File:Three wise monkeys crafted in Japan.jpg|thumb|Three wise monkeys variation : "Hear, speak, see only good"]]
The opposite version of the three wise monkeys can also be found. In this case, one monkey holds its hands to its eyes to focus vision, the second monkey holds its hands to its mouth like a bullhorn, and the third monkey cups its hands around its ears to improve hearing.

==Cultural influences==
{{more citations needed section|date=November 2012}}
[[File:Oak Ridge Wise Monkeys.jpg|thumb|A World War II poster directed at participants in the [[Manhattan Project]]]]
The three wise monkeys, and the associated proverb, are known throughout Asia and outside Asia. They have been a motif in pictures, such as the [[ukiyo-e]] (Japanese woodblock printings) by [[Keisai Eisen]], and are frequently represented in modern culture.

[[File:Gandhiji's Three Monkeys.JPG|thumb|Representation of [[Mahatma Gandhi]]'s smaller statue of the three monkeys Bapu (Mizaru), Ketan (Kikazaru) and Bandar (Iwazaru), at the [[Sabarmati Ashram]] in [[Ahmedabad, Gujarat]], India]]
[[Mahatma Gandhi]]'s main exception to his lifestyle of non-possession was a small statue of the three monkeys – Bapu, Ketan and Bandar – which was gifted to him by [[Nichidatsu Fujii]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=NATARAJAN |first=NARGIS |date=2023-04-02 |title=Bapu, Ketan, Bandar — And Then There Is The Fourth Monkey |url=https://www.thecitizen.in/opinion/bapu-ketan-bandar-and-then-there-is-the-fourth-monkey-896844 |access-date=2023-09-21 |website=www.thecitizen.in |language=en}}</ref> Today, a larger representation of the three monkeys is prominently displayed at the [[Sabarmati Ashram]] in [[Ahmedabad]], [[Gujarat]], where Gandhi lived from 1915 to 1930 and from where he departed on his famous [[Salt Satyagraha|salt march]]. Gandhi's statue also inspired a 2008 artwork by Subodh Gupta, ''[[Gandhi's Three Monkeys]]''.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.qatar-tribune.com/data/20120528/content.asp?section=nation1_5|title=QMA unveils Gandhi's 'Three Monkeys' at Katara|work=[[Qatar Tribune]]|date=28 May 2012|access-date=21 June 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120606062409/http://www.qatar-tribune.com/data/20120528/content.asp?section=nation1_5|archive-date=6 June 2012}}</ref>

The three monkeys are depicted in the trial scene in the 1968 film ''[[Planet of the Apes (1968 film)|Planet of the Apes]]''. In an example of [[semiotics]], the judges mimic the "see no evil, hear no evil, speak no evil" monkeys.<ref name="revisited">{{cite book |last1=Russo |first1=Joe |last2=Landsman |first2=Larry |last3=Gross |first3=Edward |title=Planet of the Apes Revisited: The Behind-The Scenes Story of the Classic Science Fiction Saga |date=2001 |publisher=Thomas Dunne Books/St. Martin's Griffin |location=New York |isbn=0312252390 |edition=1st |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780312252397 |page=71}}</ref>

In a spoof of this saying, [[Bob Dole]] quipped about a meeting of former US Presidents: "[[Jimmy Carter|Carter]], [[Gerald Ford|Ford]] and [[Richard Nixon|Nixon]]: see no evil, hear no evil and evil."<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1996/03/07/opinion/liberties-let-dole-be-dole.html|title=Liberties;Let Dole Be Dole|work=[[New York Times]]|date=7 March 1996|access-date=9 March 2019}}</ref>

The maxim inspired an award-winning 2008 Turkish film by director [[Nuri Bilge Ceylan]] called ''[[Three Monkeys (film)|Three Monkeys]]'' (''Üç Maymun'').


==Unicode characters==
[[Unicode]] provides [[emoji]] representations of the monkeys in the [[Emoticons (Unicode block)|Emoticons block]] as follows:<ref>[https://www.unicode.org/versions/Unicode6.0.0/ Unicode 6.0.0] characters in [[Emoticons#Unicode|Emoticons block]]: [https://www.fileformat.info/info/unicode/char/1f648/index.htm SEE-NO-EVIL MONKEY ‹🙈›], [https://www.fileformat.info/info/unicode/char/1f649/index.htm HEAR-NO-EVIL MONKEY ‹🙉›] and [https://www.fileformat.info/info/unicode/char/1f64a/index.htm SPEAK-NO-EVIL MONKEY ‹🙊›].</ref>
* {{unichar|1F648}}
* {{unichar|1F649}}
* {{unichar|1F64A}}

==See also==
{{Portal|Japan|Society|Animals}}
* {{anl|Civil inattention}}
* {{anl|Conspiracy of silence (expression)}}
* Buddhist [[Noble Eightfold Path]]: Right speech and right action
* Humata, Hukhta, Hvarshta, "good thoughts, good words, good deeds" in [[Zoroastrianism#Principal beliefs|Zoroastrianism]]
* [[Lashon hara]], prohibition of gossip in [[Judaism]]
* [[Manasa, vacha, karmana]], three Sanskrit words referring to mind, speech and actions
* [[Plausible deniability]], being able to convincingly claim ignorance of something incriminating
* [[Trikaya]], a formulation in Buddhism referring to body, speech and mind
* {{anl|Turning a blind eye}}
* [[Willful ignorance]], knowingly refraining from pursuing available information or knowingly sheltering oneself from information

==Notes==
{{reflist}}

==References==
* {{cite book |last=Titelman|first=Gregory Y. |title=Random House Dictionary of America's Popular Proverbs and Sayings |edition=second |year=2000 |publisher=[[Random House]] |location=New York |isbn=978-0-375-70584-7}}
* Archer Taylor, "Audi, Vidi, Tace" and the three monkeys
* A. W. Smith, Folklore, Vol. 104, No. ½ pp. 144–150 "On the Ambiguity of the Three Wise Monkeys"

==External links==
{{Commons category|See no evil hear no evil speak no evil}}
{{Wikiquote|Evil speaking}}
{{Wikiquote|List of proverbs}}
* [http://www.kcn-net.org/koshin/sanen/index.html Collector's picture gallery]
* [http://www.three-monkeys.info Information compiled by collectors]
* [http://www.onmarkproductions.com/html/monkey-saru-koushin.html Monkey(saru)-Kōshin] on onmarkproductions.com
* [http://thethreemonkeys.com More Information compiled by Collectors] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100824172219/http://thethreemonkeys.com/ |date=24 August 2010 }}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Buddhist folklore]]
[[Category:Japanese folklore]]
[[Category:Metaphors referring to monkeys]]
[[Category:Trios]]
[[Category:Primates in Buddhism]]
[[Category:Mammals in religion]]
[[Category:Mahatma Gandhi]]
[[Category:Gandhism]]
[[Category:Good and evil]]
[[Category:Mythological monkeys]]
[[Category:Kōshin]]

Naa Hrudayamlo Nidurinche Cheli

2026-03-05T02:43:54Z

Vikiknl: creating new info w/ refs

{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2024}}
{{Infobox film
| name =
| image = Naa Hrudayamlo Nidurinche Cheli.jpg
| alt =
| caption = DVD cover
| native_name = 
| director = AVS Aadinarayana
| writer = AVS Aadinarayana
| screenplay =
| story =
| based_on = 
| producer = Burugapalli S. S. Babu Burugapalli Bapiraju '''(presenter)'''
| starring = {{plainlist|*[[Vadde Naveen|Naveen]]
*[[Laila (actress)|Laila]]
}}
| narrator =
| cinematography = K. S. Selvaraj
| editing = [[Marthand K. Venkatesh]]
| music = [[Sri (composer)|Sri]]
| studio = Venkata Ramana Creations
| distributor =
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|1999|6|11|}}
| runtime =
| country = India
| language = Telugu
| budget =
| gross =
}}
'''''Naa Hrudayamlo Nidurinche Cheli''''' ({{Translation|The lover who resides in my heart}}) is a 1999 Indian Telugu-language [[psychological film|psychological]] [[romantic film|romantic]] [[drama film]] directed by AVS Aadinarayana and starring [[Vadde Naveen|Naveen]] and [[Laila (actress)|Laila]].

== Plot ==
Bujji falls in love with Mini over the phone and Mini has no idea who he is. Mini has a [[Disease#Terminology|incurable disease]] and Bujji lies that he has the same disease and has a cure for it. After Mini's condition becomes serious, Bujji attempts suicide since he is deeply in love with her. How he cures Mini's disease with his love forms the rest of the story.

== Cast ==
{{Cast listing|
*[[Vadde Naveen|Naveen]] as Bujji
*[[Laila (actress)|Laila]] as Mini
*[[Chalapathi Rao]] as Bujji's father
*[[Sudha (actress)|Sudha]] as Bujji's mother
*[[Sudhakar (actor)|Sudhakar]] as P. K.
*Chakravarthy as Malik
*[[Rama Prabha]] as Malik's wife
*[[Babu Mohan]]
*[[C. V. L. Narasimha Rao]] as Mini's father
*[[Ali (actor)|Ali]]
*[[Venu Madhav (actor)|Venu Madhav]] as Bujji's friend
*[[Rajitha]] as Mini's mother
*[[Kallu Chidambaram]]
*[[Bandla Ganesh]] as Bujji's friend
*[[Ananth Babu|Ananth]]
*[[Suhani Kalita|Baby Jeeba]]
}}

== Soundtrack ==
The music was composed by [[Sri (composer)|Sri]]. The lyrics were written by [[Chandrabose (lyricist)|Chandrabose]] and [[Vennelakanti]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://music.apple.com/mu/album/naa-hrudayamlo-nidurinche-cheli-original-motion-picture/1684023826|title=Naa Hrudayamlo Nidurinche Cheli (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack)|work=[[Apple Music]]|access-date=2024-01-01|archive-date=2024-01-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240101234335/https://music.apple.com/mu/album/naa-hrudayamlo-nidurinche-cheli-original-motion-picture/1684023826|url-status=live}}</ref> During the film's audio promotion, a notepad with love quotes was given free with each audio cassette.<ref name="S">{{Cite web|url=http://sify.com/movies/telugu/review.php?id=6007165&ctid=5&cid=2430|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050108012550/http://sify.com/movies/telugu/review.php?id=6007165&ctid=5&cid=2430|title=Review: Naa Hryudyamlo Nidurinche Chel|archive-date=8 January 2005|website=[[Sify]]}}</ref>

{{track listing
| headline = Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| title1 = Naa Hrudayamlo Nidurinche Cheli
| extra1 = [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
| length1 = 4:52
| title2 = Speed Speed
| extra2 = [[Yugendran|Yugi]], [[Anuradha Sriram]]
| length2 = 4:35
| title3 = Aayo Aayo
| extra3 = [[Mano (singer)|Mano]], [[Smita]]
| length3 = 4:50
| title4 = O Cheli Nanu Veedi Poke
| extra4 = [[Rajesh Krishnan|Rajesh]]
| length4 = 3:51
| title5 = Ninne Premincha
| extra5 = Mano, [[K. S. Chithra]]
| length5 = 4:38
| title6 = Hollywood Lady
| extra6 = Rajesh, Sharada
| length6 = 4:58
| total_length = 27:44
}}

== Reception ==
A critic from ''[[Sify]]'' wrote, "Performance from Naveen and Laila looks convincing and realistic. The strong point is the film’s musical score, which may bring in repeat audience".<ref name="S"/> A critic from ''[[Zamin Ryot]]'' noted, "The journey was smooth but the end was despicable".<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.zaminryot.com/pdf/1999/Jun/25-jun-1999.pdf|title=విసుగెత్తించిన "నా హృదయంలోనిదురించేచెలి"|language=te|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160913155054/http://www.zaminryot.com/pdf/1999/Jun/25-jun-1999.pdf|archive-date=13 September 2016|work=[[Zamin Ryot]]|first=Griddaluru |last=Gopalrao|date=25 June 1999|p=16,17}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
*{{IMDb title|23841020}}

[[Category:Indian psychological drama films]]
[[Category:Indian romantic drama films]]
[[Category:1999 Indian films]]
[[Category:1999 Telugu-language films]]

Idhayakkani

2026-03-04T04:50:18Z

Vikiknl: cleaned up references per standard format and corrected details as per guidelines

{{short description|1975 film by A. Jagannathan}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2021}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2021}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Idhayakkani
| image = Idhayakkani.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[A. Jagannathan]]
| screenplay = [[R. M. Veerappan]]
| story = Poovai Krishnan
| producer = R. M. Veerappan
| starring = {{plainlist|
*[[M. G. Ramachandran]]
*[[Radha Saluja]]
}}
| cinematography = N. Balakrishnan
| editing = {{plainlist|
*Krishnan
*Sundaram
}}
| music = [[M. S. Viswanathan]]
| studio = Sathya Movies
| distributor =
| released = {{film date|1975|8|22|df=y}}
| runtime = 160 minutes
| country = India
| language = Tamil
}}

'''''Idhayakkani''''' ({{translation|The Fruit of the Heart}}) is a 1975 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[action thriller]] film directed by [[A. Jagannathan]] and produced by [[R. M. Veerappan]], starring [[M. G. Ramachandran]] in the lead role, with [[Pandari Bai]], [[R. S. Manohar]] and [[Radha Saluja]] among others enacting supporting roles. It was released on 22 August 1975 and became a major success. ''Idhayakkani'' was notably the only Indian film to be screened at the Tashkent International Film Festival in 1978.<ref name="hi" />

== Plot ==
Mohan is a kind-hearted man whose theory of life is equality. He puts it into practice by sharing equally the income of his estate with his labourers. He has another passion – he wants to serve the country – and for that, he has joined the police force as an officer. He meets a needy, innocent, uneducated, village girl, Lakshmi, and on the advice of an elderly domestic help, he permits her to stay in his house.

Tongues start wagging, rumours spread and to remove the stigma now associated with her name, Mohan decides to marry the girl with her and his mother's consent. He joins duty. However, his happiness is short-lived. He is surprised when he discovers his wife's photo in the file of the case he is assigned to investigate which involves the murder of a leading scientist, as the main suspect. He is shocked but decides to do his duty and begins to investigate by first checking if his wife is really as innocent as she looks. He then takes the battle to other side by infiltrating the gang and in the end, finds the truth.

== Cast ==
{{Cast listing|
* [[M. G. Ramachandran]] as Mohan (Red)<ref name="hi">{{Cite news |last=Guy |first=Randor |author-link=Randor Guy |date=16 April 2016 |title=Idhayakkani (1975) |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/mgr-and-radha-saluja-in-idhayakkani/article8483409.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20210402094914/https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/mgr-and-radha-saluja-in-idhayakkani/article8483409.ece |archive-date=2 April 2021 |access-date=2 April 2021 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=8 March 2021 |title=Did You Know, Ajith's popular on-screen name in 'Red' has a connection with MGR's on-screen name? |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/did-you-know/did-you-know-ajiths-popular-on-screen-name-in-red-has-a-connection-with-mgrs-on-screen-name/articleshow/81392326.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210404111803/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/did-you-know/did-you-know-ajiths-popular-on-screen-name-in-red-has-a-connection-with-mgrs-on-screen-name/articleshow/81392326.cms |archive-date=4 April 2021 |access-date=4 April 2021 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>
* [[Radha Saluja]] as Lakshmi, alias Mala<ref name="hi" />
* [[R. S. Manohar|Manohar]] as Albert
* [[Thengai Srinivasan]] as Rangarajan (Julie)
* [[C. R. Parthiban]] as Inspector
* K. Kannan as Kannan
* [[V. Gopalakrishnan (actor)|V. Gopalakrishnan]] as Madhavarao
* [[S. V. Ramadas|S. V. Ramdas]] as Dass, a hired man
* [[Isari Velan]] as Isari, Mohan's personal secretary
* [[Vennira Aadai Nirmala]] as a female singer in "Thotta Idam Ellam"
* [[Pandari Bai]] as Mohan's mother
* [[Rajasulochana]] as Lily
* [[Shanmugasundari]] as Mohan's relative
* [[Shanmugasundaram|Shamugasundaram]] as Nattamai's son
* [[Karikol Raju]] as Panchayat leader
* [[Peeli Sivam]] as Hotel manager
* [[Usilai Mani]] as Astrologer
* [[Ennathe Kannaiah]] as Tour guide
* [[T. K. S. Natarajan]] as Iyer
* Trichy Soundararajan as C.I.D officer
}}
;Guest appearances

* [[S. V. Subbaiah]] as Ponnuswamy
* [[P. S. Veerappa]] as Uncle John
* [[V. S. Raghavan]] as The judge
* [[Shakti Prasad]] as Dharma Prakash, an atomic power scientist
* [[Rathna (actress)|Rathna]] as Kamala, a picker from Mohan's Sathiya Coffee Estate Mohan, Neega Nallairukkanu

== Production ==
''Idhayakkani'' is the debut of [[Hindi cinema|Hindi]] actress [[Radha Saluja]] in Tamil.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sri Kantha |first=Sachi |author-link=Sachi Sri Kantha |date=27 December 2019 |title=MGR Remembered – Part 54 {{!}} An Overview of the Final 31 movies of 1970s |url=https://sangam.org/mgr-remembered-part-54/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201031005730/https://sangam.org/mgr-remembered-part-54/ |archive-date=31 October 2020 |access-date=5 April 2021 |website=[[Ilankai Tamil Sangam]]}}</ref> The filming was held at Hogenakkal, Mercara, Pichavaram and [[Shivanasamudra Falls]].<ref>{{cite web |date=22 August 2025 |title=பிளாஷ்பேக்: எம்.ஜி.ஆரின் 'இதயக்கனி'க்கு இன்று பொன்விழா |url=https://cinema.dinamalar.com/tamil-news/132018/cinema/Kollywood/Flashback-Today-is-the-golden-jubilee-of-MGRs-heartthrob.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/e4uKn |archive-date=22 August 2025 |access-date=22 August 2025 |website=[[Dinamalar]] |language=ta}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/kollywood/030818/kumki-2-shot-at-old-mgr-film-locale.html|title=Kumki 2 shot at old MGR film locale | Kumki 2 shot at old MGR film locale|first=Anupama|last=Subramanian|date=3 August 2018|website=[[Deccan Chronicle]]|access-date=8 October 2025}}</ref>

== Soundtrack ==
The music was composed by [[M. S. Viswanathan]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Idhaykkani (1975) |url=http://www.raaga.com/channels/tamil/moviedetail.asp?mid=t0000758 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140509061304/http://www.raaga.com/channels/tamil/moviedetail.asp?mid=T0000758 |archive-date=9 May 2014 |access-date=29 July 2014 |website=[[Raaga.com]]}}</ref> The song "Inbame Undhan Per" was remixed by [[Vijay Antony]] for the film ''[[Mariyadhai]]'' (2009).<ref>{{Cite web |last=Karthik |author-link=Karthik Srinivasan |date=29 March 2009 |title=Music review: Mariyadhai (Tamil – Vijay Antony) |url=https://milliblog.com/2009/03/29/music-review-mariyadhai-tamil-vijay-antony/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250521233350/https://milliblog.com/2009/03/29/music-review-mariyadhai-tamil-vijay-antony/ |archive-date=2025-05-21 |access-date=2025-09-01 |website=[[Milliblog]] |language=en}}</ref>

{{Track listing
| headline = Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| title1 = Neenga Nallaa Irukkonum (Thenagamam Inbath Thirunattil)
| extra1 = [[Seerkazhi Govindarajan]], [[T. M. Soundararajan]], [[S. Janaki]]
| lyrics1 = [[Pulamaipithan]]
| length1 = 06:21
| title2 = Inbame Undhan Pear
| extra2 = T. M. Soundararajan & [[P. Susheela]]
| lyrics2 = Pulamaipithan
| length2 = 04:56
| title3 = Ondrum Ariyaatha penno (Punnaigaiyl Kodi)
| extra3 = T. M. Soundararajan
| lyrics3 = [[Vaali (poet)|Vaali]]
| length3 = 04:39
| title4 = Hello Lover Mister Right
| extra4 = [[Usha Uthup]]
| lyrics4 = [[Randor Guy]]<ref name="hi" />
| length4 = 04:42
| title5 = Ithazhe Ithazhe Thean vendum
| extra5 = [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]] & Ramola
| lyrics5 = Vaali
| length5 = 04:31
| title6 = Thotta Idam Ellaam (Azhagai Vallarpom)
| extra6 = T. M. Soundararajan, P. Susheela & Sai Baba
| lyrics6 = [[Na. Kamarasan]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=1 September 2013 |title=கவியரசு நா. காமராசன் நேர்காணல் |url=http://www.nakkheeran.in/users/frmArticles.aspx?A=17591 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304114608/http://www.nakkheeran.in/users/frmArticles.aspx?A=17591 |archive-date=4 March 2016 |access-date=4 September 2015 |website=[[Nakkheeran]] |language=ta}}</ref>
| length6 = 04:42
| total_length = 29:51
}}

== Release and reception ==
''Idhayakkani'' was released on 22 August 1975.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2 April 2011 |title=எம்.ஜி.ஆர். நடித்த படங்களின் பட்டியல் |url=http://www.ithayakkani.com/jsp/Content/MGR_Cinema.jsp |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20181114041813/http://www.ithayakkani.com/jsp/Content/MGR_Cinema.jsp |archive-date=14 November 2018 |access-date=2 April 2021 |website=Ithayakkani |language=ta}}</ref> ''[[Ananda Vikatan]]'' praised the film for depicting [[Madikeri|Mercara]]'s greenery and the horror of the [[Pichavaram]] backwaters, along with the music and colour cinematography.<ref>{{Cite magazine |date=September 1975 |title=இதயக்கனி – விகடன் விமர்சனம் |magazine=[[Ananda Vikatan]] |language=ta}}</ref> Kanthan of ''[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]]'' praised the writing by Veerappan, and the direction of Jagannathan.<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=காந்தன் |date=21 September 1975 |title=இதயக்கனி |url=https://kalkionline.com/kalkionline_archive/imagegallery/archiveimages/kalki/1975/sep/21-09-1975/p41.jpg |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20220727124902/https://kalkionline.com/kalkionline_archive/imagegallery/archiveimages/kalki/1975/sep/21-09-1975/p41.jpg |archive-date=27 July 2022 |access-date=28 July 2022 |magazine=[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]] |page=41 |language=ta}}</ref> The film became a major success, and a breakthrough for Jagannathan.<ref>{{Cite news |date=8 October 2012 |title=Man who shored up MGR's film career is no more |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/coimbatore/Man-who-shored-up-MGRs-film-career-is-no-more/articleshow/16716784.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170416154233/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/coimbatore/Man-who-shored-up-MGRs-film-career-is-no-more/articleshow/16716784.cms |archive-date=16 April 2017 |access-date=30 November 2018 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=8 October 2012 |title=Veteran film director passes away |url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-tamilnadu/veteran-film-director-passes-away/article12549719.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210402100123/https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-tamilnadu/veteran-film-director-passes-away/article12549719.ece |archive-date=2 April 2021 |access-date=30 November 2018 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=8 May 2008 |title='Audience taste keeps changing' |url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-tamilnadu/lsquoAudience-taste-keeps-changingrsquo/article15218648.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210402100149/https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-tamilnadu/lsquoAudience-taste-keeps-changingrsquo/article15218648.ece |archive-date=2 April 2021 |access-date=30 November 2018 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
*{{IMDb title}}
*{{Rotten Tomatoes}}

{{A. Jagannathan}}

[[Category:1970s action thriller films]]
[[Category:1975 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:1975 films]]
[[Category:1975 Indian films]]
[[Category:Fictional portrayals of the Tamil Nadu Police]]
[[Category:Films directed by A. Jagannathan]]
[[Category:Films scored by M. S. Viswanathan]]
[[Category:Films shot in Karnataka]]
[[Category:Indian action thriller films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language action thriller films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]

Urumbukal Urangarilla

2026-03-03T20:39:58Z

Vikiknl: minor edit

{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2021}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2021}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Urumbukal Urangarilla
| image = Urumbukal Urangarilla poster.jpg
| caption = Theatrical-release poster
| director = [[Jiju Asokan]]
| producer = T. B Ragunathan
| writer = Jiju Asokan
| starring = [[Vinay Forrt]] [[Chemban Vinod Jose]] [[Sudheer Karamana]]
| cinematography = [[Vishnu Narayanan]]
| music = [[Gopi Sunder]]
| editing = Lijo Paul
| studio = Kamalam Films
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2015|09|19}}
| runtime = 139 minutes
| country = India
| language = Malayalam
}}

'''''Urumbukal Urangarilla''''' ({{translation|''Ants Don't Sleep''}}) is a 2015 Indian [[Malayalam]]-language [[comedy thriller]] film written and directed by [[Jiju Asokan]]. It features [[Vinay Forrt]], [[Chemban Vinod Jose]], [[Sudheer Karamana]], [[Aju Varghese]], [[Musthafa]], [[Innocent (actor)|Innocent]], [[Ananya (actress)|Ananya]], [[Vanitha Krishnachandran]], Janaki Krishnan, [[Thesni Khan]]<ref>{{cite news|title=The Ant Story|url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/malayalam/The-Ant-Story/2015/09/10/article3019450.ece|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150920005424/http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/malayalam/The-Ant-Story/2015/09/10/article3019450.ece|url-status=dead|archive-date=20 September 2015|access-date=18 September 2015|newspaper=Indian Express|date=10 September 2015}}</ref> and [[Kalabhavan Shajon]]. The film was released on 19 September 2015 to positive reviews.<ref>{{cite news|author=Anu James|title='Urumbukal Urangarilla' review roundup: A complete entertainer worth watching|url=http://www.ibtimes.co.in/urumbukal-urangarilla-review-roundup-complete-entertainer-worth-watching-647368|access-date=29 September 2015|agency=[[International Business Times]]|date=21 September 2015}}</ref>

==Plot==
A young man named Manoj associates with Kelu Ashan, a guru of thieves, to learn the tricks of the craft. However, Kelu Ashan is now old and retired and hence, introduces him to one of his former disciples, Benny, to train him in the "art of robbery". Benny trains Manoj well. After Benny is caught, Manoj meets Kelu Ashan again, who teaches him the "science of theft". Manoj eventually gets caught and is sent to jail where he meets Benny. In jail, Manoj meets a dangerous thief named Carlos and befriends him. After getting released, Carlos plans to rob a house along with Manoj's friends. In a twist, it emerges that Manoj had actually been looking for Carlos all along as he had murdered his parents. His motivation to become a thief and go to jail emerged after he learned that Carlos was also in the jail. The robbery was actually a plan used to trap Carlos. After revealing all this, Manoj kills Carlos viciously by pouring [[honey]], slathering [[sugar|sugar solution]] all over his body and scattering [[meat ants]]. Later, Manoj starts an old age home and his friends and Benny are shown living happily.

==Cast==
* [[Vinay Forrt]] as Vinod /Manoj
* [[Chemban Vinod Jose]] as Benny
* [[Innocent (actor)|Innocent]] as Madhavan Nair
* [[Sudheer Karamana]] as Kelu Aasan
* [[Aju Varghese]] as Babukuttan
* [[Musthafa]] as Balu
* [[Ananya (actress)|Ananya]] as Sheela
* [[Vanitha Krishnachandran]] as Radha
* Janaki Krishnan as Deepa
* [[Kalabhavan Shajon]] as Carlos
* [[Sreejith Ravi]] as Choodan Rajappan
* [[Santhosh Keezhattoor]] as Anto
* Vettukili Prakash as Bhaskaran
* [[Thesni Khan]] as Rosely
* [[Manju Pathrose|Manju Sunichan]] as Janamma
* Lakshmipriya as Anitha (cameo)
* [[Pradeep Kottayam]] as Sulu's husband (cameo)

==Music==
{{Infobox album
| name = Urumbukal Urangarilla
| type = Soundtrack
| longtype = to Urumbukal Urangarilla
| artist = Gopi Sunder
| cover =
| alt =
| released = 6 September 2015
| recorded =
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = [[Film soundtrack|Feature film soundtrack]]
| length =
| language = [[Malayalam]]
| label =
| producer = [[T. B Ragunathan]]
| prev_title =
| prev_year =
| next_title =
| next_year =
}}
The music was scored by [[Gopi Sunder]] and the tracks were penned by Hari Narayanan.
{| class = "sortable wikitable"
! Song !! Singer !! Lyrics
|-
| "Muthe Muthe"|| [[P. Jayachandran]], [[Shweta Mohan|Swetha Mohan]] || B. K. Harinarayanan
|-
| "Kallan Kallan Kallan" || Mithun Raj || B.K. Harinarayanan<ref>{{cite news|title=First song of Urumbukal Urangarilla released|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/music/First-song-of-Urumbukal-Urangarilla-released/articleshow/48880197.cms|access-date=18 September 2015|publisher=Times of India|date=9 September 2015}}</ref>
|-
| "Urumbukal Urangarilla" || Midhun Anand, Ajay Sen, [[Gopi Sunder|Gopi Sundar]] || B. K. Harinarayanan
|-
|}

==Reception==
''[[Sify]]'' gave the verdict "above average" and said "Urumbukal Urangarilla may not offer many surprises and may not be that great for a discerning viewer. But even then this one has its moments for sure and ends up as a decent entertainer".<ref>{{cite web|title=Urumbukal Urangarilla|url=http://www.sify.com/movies/urumbukal-urangarilla-review--pjwkoTchghiab.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150927063400/http://www.sify.com/movies/urumbukal-urangarilla-review--pjwkoTchghiab.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=27 September 2015|website=[[Sify]]|access-date=29 September 2015}}</ref>

''Metromatinee.com'' wrote "Urumbukal Urangarilla is nicely executed and technically the movie stands on its feet", also added "Urumbukal Urangarilla is a decent enough effort that engages off and on. There is some well worked out humour and if some avoidable glitches weren't there this one would have endeared even better to the audience".<ref>{{cite web|author=Raj Vikram |title=Urumbukal Urangarilla Movie Review |url=http://www.metromatinee.com/movie-review/urumbukal-urangarilla-movie-review-633 |publisher=Metrimatinee |access-date=29 September 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150930020451/http://www.metromatinee.com/movie-review/urumbukal-urangarilla-movie-review-633 |archive-date=30 September 2015 }}</ref>

''Nowrunning.com'' rated 2.5 out of 6 stars and said "Urumbukal Urangarilla is original and creative, and comes across as an appealing cinematic disquisition on a population that apparently never sleeps. It's a quirky, comic film that provides plenty of silly, and yet inventive fun".<ref>{{cite web|author=Veeyen|title=Urumbukal Urangarilla Review|url=http://www.nowrunning.com/movie/16915/malayalam/urumbukal-urangarilla/5230/review/|access-date=29 September 2015|date=27 September 2015|archive-date=29 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150929190758/http://www.nowrunning.com/movie/16915/malayalam/urumbukal-urangarilla/5230/review|url-status=dead}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
*[http://www.urumbukalurangarilla.tk/ Official website]
*{{IMDb title|4974230}}

[[Category:Indian comedy thriller films]]
[[Category:Films shot in Palani]]
[[Category:Films shot in Pollachi]]
[[Category:Films shot in Ottapalam]]
[[Category:Films shot in Thrissur]]
[[Category:2015 Malayalam-language films]]

Ulavuthurai

2026-03-03T04:46:53Z

Vikiknl: Content refined for better accuracy

{{short description|1998 Tamil action film by Ramesh Selvan}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2023}}
{{Infobox film
| image = Ulavuthurai.jpg
| caption = Poster
| director = [[S. D. Ramesh Selvan|D. S. Ramesh Selvan]]
| screenplay = D. S. Ramesh Selvan
| story = [[Balu Anand]]
| producer = [[Ibrahim Rowther|A.S. Ibrahim Rowther]] (presenter) Vijay Prabhakaran
| starring = {{ubl|[[Vijayakanth]]|[[Meena (actress)|Meena]]|[[Sanghavi]]}}
| cinematography = Rajarajan
| editing = G. Gopinath
| music = Shah
| studio = I. V. Cine Arts
| distributor = [[Lakshmi Movie Makers]]
| released = {{Film date|df=y|1998|01|14}}
| runtime = 163 minutes
| country = India
| language = Tamil
}}

'''''Ulavuthurai''''' ({{Translation|Vigilance department}}) is a 1998 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[action film]] directed by [[S. D. Ramesh Selvan|D. S. Ramesh Selvan]]. The film stars [[Vijayakanth]], [[Meena (actress)|Meena]] and [[Sanghavi]], with [[Radha Ravi]], [[Janagaraj]], Carlos, Jassi Singh, and [[Hemanth Ravan]], among others, play supporting roles. It was released on 14 January 1998,<ref>{{Cite news |date=1 December 2002 |title=நட்சத்திர படப் பட்டியல் |url=https://ibb.co/cTSgjhM |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240202064212/https://ibb.co/cTSgjhM |archive-date=2 February 2024 |access-date=2 February 2024 |work=[[Cinema Express]] |pages=41–43 |language=Ta}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=ulavuthurai ( 1998 ) |url=http://www.cinesouth.com/cgi-bin/filmography/newfilmdb.cgi?name=ulavuthurai |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060603043537/http://cinesouth.com/cgi-bin/filmography/newfilmdb.cgi?name=ulavuthurai |archive-date=3 June 2006 |access-date=13 July 2012 |website=Cinesouth}}</ref> and failed at the box office.<ref>{{Cite web |title=GOKUL'S TAMIL MOVIE REVIEWS |url=http://www.reocities.com/Hollywood/Lot/2330/gcrapril.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924112752/http://www.reocities.com/Hollywood/Lot/2330/gcrapril.htm |archive-date=24 September 2015 |access-date=13 July 2012 |website=reocities.com}}</ref>

== Plot ==
[[Commodore (India)|Commodore]] Vasanth Periyasamy (Vijayakanth) is a highly respected officer in the [[Indian Navy]], known for his dedication, discipline, and unwavering sense of duty. His life, however, takes a tragic turn when his wife Meena (Meena) is kidnapped by a terrorist group seeking the release of their incarcerated comrades. In a tense negotiation led by the authorities, the exchange is carried out, but things go awry during the operation, leading to Meena’s untimely death. To Vasanth’s shock, the mission is sabotaged from within, and several corrupt senior naval officials are complicit in the betrayal.

Following this incident, Vasanth becomes the target of a conspiracy orchestrated by the same corrupt officials. Branded a traitor and wrongfully imprisoned, he is stripped of his rank and honor. Disillusioned and heartbroken, he adopts a new identity—Krishnamoorthy, a humble car driver—choosing anonymity over the scars of his past. He begins a quiet life, distancing himself from his former role in the armed forces.

Years later, a series of mysterious and fatal incidents involving naval officers at sea draws the attention of the intelligence bureau. With no clear answers and national security at stake, the government discreetly approaches Vasanth to return to service and investigate the unfolding crisis. Initially reluctant, he eventually agrees, compelled by a renewed sense of duty and the opportunity to seek justice for his wife’s death and the wrongs he endured.

Operating covertly under his assumed identity, Vasanth begins unraveling a complex web of sabotage and corruption within the Navy. His investigation reveals a dangerous nexus involving international smugglers, arms dealers, and high-ranking officials who are exploiting naval operations for personal gain. As he gets closer to the truth, Vasanth must also protect his now-teenaged daughter, who is unaware of her father’s true identity and past.

The film culminates in a high-stakes confrontation at sea, where Vasanth exposes the culprits and clears his name. With honor restored and justice served, he reclaims his rightful place in the Navy, but chooses to continue living a humble life, driven not by rank or recognition, but by the values he has always upheld.

== Cast ==
{{cast listing|
*[[Vijayakanth]] as [[Commodore (India)|Commodore]] Vasanth Periyasamy (Krishnamoorthy)
*[[Meena (actress)|Meena]] as Meena (Extended Cameo)
*[[Sanghavi]] as Sangeetha
*[[Radha Ravi]] as [[Minister of Home Affairs (India)|Home Minister]] Jaidev (Guest Appearance)
*[[Janagaraj]] as Duraisamy
*[[Hemanth Ravan]] as [[Terrorist]]
*Carlos as Terrorist
*Jassi Singh as Terrorist
*Chitti as Terrorist
*[[Sumithra (actress)|Sumithra]] as Vasanth Periyasamy's mother
*[[Baby Jennifer]] as Priya, Vasanth's daughter
*[[Charuhasan]] as Sangeetha's grandfather
*[[Fathima Babu]] as Sangeetha's mother
*[[Mohan Raman]] as Venkatraman (Guest Appearance)
*[[Ajay Rathnam]] as Ajay
*[[Balu Anand]] as Neurotic
*[[Sethu Vinayagam]] as Krishnamoorthy's boss
*[[Pasi Narayanan]]
*[[P. C. Ramakrishna]]
*[[Prathapachandran]]
*Laxmi Rattan as Sharma
*Vincent Roy as [[Inspector|Police inspector]]
*Kallukkul Eeram Ramanathan as Marimuthu
*[[K. Rajan (producer)|K. Rajan]] as Rajaram
*[[Pawan (actor)|Pawan]] as dancer in song "Kandu Pidithaya" (uncredited)<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://youtube.com/duqCzbifUUw?si=Mcr6D2phTTjbEIWy |title=Kandu Piditthaya 4K Video Song {{!}} Ulavuthurai Movie Songs {{!}} Shah {{!}} Vijayakanth, Meena {{!}} Vairamuthu |date=23 October 2025|access-date=24 October 2025|publisher=Pyramid Audio|time=1:05 to 1:08}}</ref>
}}

== Production ==
''Ulavuthurai'' is the directorial debut of Ramesh Selvan,<ref>{{Cite web |last=V |first=Sankaran |date=22 March 2024 |title=கேப்டனால் அறிமுகமான இயக்குனர்!.. ஓபனிங் மாஸாக இருந்தும் பிக்அப் ஆகாமல் போன காரணம் என்ன?.. |url=https://cinereporters.com/the-director-who-was-introduced-by-the-captain-what-is-the-reason-for-not-picking-up-even-though-it-was-the-opening-mass/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240824013017/https://cinereporters.com/the-director-who-was-introduced-by-the-captain-what-is-the-reason-for-not-picking-up-even-though-it-was-the-opening-mass/ |archive-date=24 August 2024 |access-date=24 August 2024 |website=CineReporters |language=Ta}}</ref> and Vijayakanth's 125th film as an actor. It is the first Tamil film to have scenes shot underwater.<ref>{{Cite web |title='Guess' List!!! |url=http://www.indolink.com/tamil/cinema/Specials/97/Nov/deepavali/deepavali2.htm |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303234126/http://www.indolink.com/tamil/cinema/Specials/97/Nov/deepavali/deepavali2.htm |archive-date=3 March 2016 |access-date=13 July 2012 |website=Indolink}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Kummar |first=S. R. Ashok |date=16 January 1998 |title=Impressive line-up of Tamil films |url=http://webpage.com/hindu/daily/980116/09/09160225.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/19980118015425/http://webpage.com/hindu/daily/980116/09/09160225.htm |archive-date=18 January 1998 |access-date=4 July 2023 |work=[[The Hindu]] |pages=26}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=The Hero of the Masses |url=http://www.oocities.org/hollywood/Set/1876/inde.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140201214646/http://www.oocities.org/hollywood/Set/1876/inde.htm |archive-date=1 February 2014 |access-date=13 July 2012 |website=oocities.org}}</ref>

== Soundtrack ==
The music was composed by Shah, with lyrics written by [[Vairamuthu]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ulavuthurai (1998) |url=https://www.raaga.com/tamil/movie/ulavuthurai-songs-T0000953 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230529040646/https://www.raaga.com/tamil/movie/ulavuthurai-songs-T0000953 |archive-date=29 May 2023 |access-date=29 May 2023 |website=[[Raaga.com]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Ulavuthurai, Kadhalukku Mariyathai Tamil Audio CDs By Ilaiyaraaja |url=https://www.vintageav.shop/product/ulavuthurai-kadhalukku-mariyathai-tamil-audio-cds-by-ilaiyaraaja/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240307083956/https://www.vintageav.shop/product/ulavuthurai-kadhalukku-mariyathai-tamil-audio-cds-by-ilaiyaraaja/ |archive-date=7 March 2024 |access-date=7 March 2024 |website=VintageAV.shop}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;"
! Song !! Singer(s) !! Duration
|-
| "Meena un Kannukulle" || [[K. S. Chithra]], [[Mano (singer)|Mano]] || 5:09
|-
| "Kandu Piditthaya" || [[Swarnalatha]] || 4:23
|-
| "Love Love" || [[Annupamaa]], [[Harini (singer)|Harini]] || 4:47
|-
| "Naadu Nam Naadu" || Mano || 1:43
|-
| "Nitham Uzhaikindra" || [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]] || 4:58
|-
| "Ullatthai Thirandhu" || K. S. Chithra, [[Madhu Balakrishnan]] || 5:16
|}

== Reception ==
Ji of ''[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]]'' wrote this film is a treat for action lovers otherwise for people who except Vijayakanth from ''[[Chinna Gounder]]'' and ''[[Vaidehi Kathirunthal]]'' will end up getting different kind of alva.<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=ஜி |date=8 February 1998 |title=உளவுத்துறை |url=https://archive.org/details/kalki1998-02-08/page/n33/mode/2up |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20230525134850/https://archive.org/details/kalki1998-02-08/page/n33/mode/2up |archive-date=25 May 2023 |access-date=27 May 2023 |magazine=[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]] |page=33 |language=ta |via=[[Internet Archive]]}}</ref> D. S. Ramanujam of ''[[The Hindu]]'' wrote, "Time lag and continuity have been given a go by and barring the last fight on a moving train, where the hero Vijayakanth involves himself in a risky scene, the rest of the action is an oft- repeated routine". He added that "Age is fast catching up with Vijayakanth, but none can fault his performance".<ref>{{Cite news |last=Ramanujam |first=D. S. |date=30 January 1998 |title=''Ulavuththurai'' |url=http://webpage.com/hindu/daily/980130/09/09300223.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/19991021224811/http://webpage.com/hindu/daily/980130/09/09300223.htm |archive-date=21 October 1999 |access-date=3 July 2023 |work=[[The Hindu]] |pages=26}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
*{{IMDb title}}
*{{Rotten Tomatoes}}

[[Category:1998 Indian films]]
[[Category:1998 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:1998 action films]]
[[Category:1998 directorial debut films]]
[[Category:1998 films]]
[[Category:Films about corruption in India]]
[[Category:Films about terrorism in India]]
[[Category:Films directed by Ramesh Selvan]]
[[Category:Films set on ships]]
[[Category:Indian action films]]
[[Category:Indian Navy in films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]
[[Category:Underwater action films]]

P Se Pyaar F Se Faraar

2026-03-02T10:10:44Z

Vikiknl: slightly enhanced article for consistency and improved wording

{{short description|2019 Indian Hindi-language black comedy drama film by Manoj Tiwari}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2019}}
{{Infobox film
| name = P Se Pyaar F Se Faraar
| image = P Se Pyaar F Se Faraar poster.jpg
| alt =
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| native_name = 
| director = Manoj Tiwari
| producer = Jogender Singh
| writer = Vishal Vijay Kumar
| screenplay =
| story = Manoj Tiwari
| based_on = 
| starring = Bhavesh Kumar [[Jimmy Sheirgill]] [[Kumud Mishra]] [[Sanjay Mishra (actor)|Sanjay Mishra]] [[Girish Kulkarni]] [[Zakir Hussain (actor)|Zakir Hussain]] [[Akhilendra Mishra]]
| narrator =
| music = Ripul Sharma Sanjiv – Ajay '''Score:''' [[Dharma Vish]]
| cinematography = D. Kannan Devendra Tiwari
| editing = [[Chandan Arora]]
| studio = {{ubl|OK Movies}}
| distributor = [[PVR Pictures]]
| released = {{Film date|df=y|2019|10|18|ref1=<ref name="news18rd" />}}
| runtime = 2hrs 11 min
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| budget =
| gross =
}}

'''''P Se Pyaar F Se Faraar ''''' ({{Translation|L for Love, A for Absconding}}) is a 2019 Indian [[Hindi]]-language [[drama]] film directed by Manoj Tiwari and produced by Jogender Singh under the banner Ok Movies.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://m.dailyhunt.in/news/india/english/cinestaan-epaper-cinestan/how+will+the+country+improve+asks+filmmaker+manoj+tiwari+in+his+upcoming+film+p+se+pyaar+f+se+faraar-newsid-108127764|title=How will the country improve, asks filmmaker Manoj Tiwari in his upcoming film P se Pyaar, F se Faraar|date=6 Feb 2019|website=m.dailyhunt.in|access-date=6 Feb 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.firstpost.com/press-release/director-manoj-tiwari-speaks-on-upcoming-film-p-se-pyaar-f-se-faraar-first-look-out-now-7249561.html|title=Director Manoj Tiwari speaks on upcoming film P se Pyaar, F se Faraar; first look out now|website= First Post|date=29 August 2019 |access-date=29 Aug 2019}}</ref> It features Bhavesh Kumar, who marks his debut in the film, and stars [[Jimmy Sheirgill]], [[Sanjay Mishra (actor)|Sanjay Mishra]], [[Girish Kulkarni]], [[Zakir Hussain (actor)|Zakir Hussain]], [[Akhilendra Mishra]] and [[Kumud Mishra]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://urbanasian.com/entertainment/bollywood/2019/07/jimmy-sheirgills-p-se-pyaar-f-se-farar-is-not-to-be-missed/|title=Jimmy Sheirgill's P Se Pyaar, F Se Farar Is Not To Be Missed|website=www.urbanasian.com|access-date=22 July 2019}}</ref> The story is based upon Article 15 of the [[Constitution of India]], which prohibits discrimination on grounds of [[religion]], [[Race (human categorization)|race]], [[caste]], [[Sexism|sex]] or place of birth, and [[Fundamental rights in India|Article 19]], which deals with [[freedom of thought]] and [[Freedom of speech|expression]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/hindi/2019/jul/23/after-ayushmann-jimmy-to-shed-light-on-article-15-and-article-19-2007930.html|title=After Ayushmann, Jimmy to shed light on Article 15 and Article 19|website=www.newindianexpress.com|access-date=23 July 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.glamsham.com/en/jimmy-sheirgill-s-upcoming-movie-gives-us-a-social-message-check-out|title=Jimmy Sheirgill's upcoming movie gives us a social message check out|website=www.glamsham.com|access-date=22 July 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.femina.in/hindi/entertainment/film/after-article-15-now-a-film-on-article-19_-3368.html|title=आर्टिकल 15 के बाद अब आर्टिकल 19 पर आ रही है एक फ़िल्म|website=www.femina.in|access-date=23 July 2019}}</ref>

The first look of the film was released on 28 Aug 2019 as a motion poster by OK Movies.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.amarujala.com/entertainment/bollywood/p-se-pyaar-f-se-faraar-directed-by-manoj-tiwari-starring-kumud-mishra-jimmy-shergill-sanjay-mishra|title='प से प्यार, फ से फरार' का फर्स्ट लुक जारी, समाज का आईना दिखाएंगे मनोज तिवारी|website=Amar Ujala|access-date=2019-08-28}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.news18.com/news/press-release/first-look-of-bollywoods-next-sensational-film-p-se-pyaar-f-se-faraar-launched-2288043.html|title=First Look of Bollywood's Next sensational film 'P Se Pyaar F Se Faraar' Launched|website=News 18|date=28 August 2019 |access-date=2019-08-28}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.mid-day.com/articles/p-se-pyaar-f-se-faraar-first-look-out-now/21626177|title=P se Pyaar, F se Faraar first look out now|website=mid-day|date=28 August 2019 |access-date=2019-08-28}}</ref> The film was released on
18 October 2019.<ref name="news18rd" />

==Cast==
Source - <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.cinestaan.com/movies/p-se-pyaar-f-se-faraar-39739/cast-crew|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190818041816/https://www.cinestaan.com/movies/p-se-pyaar-f-se-faraar-39739/cast-crew|url-status=live|archive-date=18 August 2019|title=P SE PYAAR F SE FARAAR CAST & CREW|website=www.cinestaan.com}}</ref>
* Bhavesh Kumar as Sooraj Mali{{citation needed|date=August 2023}}
* [[Jimmy Sheirgill]] as Rajveer Singh
* [[Kumud Mishra]] as Omveer Singh
* [[Sanjay Mishra (actor)|Sanjay Mishra]] as Mr. Inquiry
* [[Girish Kulkarni]] as Rajesh
* [[Zakir Hussain (actor)|Zakir Hussain]] as Coach Saheb
* [[Akhilendra Mishra]] as Benia
* [[Smita Singh]] as Omveers wife
* [[Brijendra Kala]] as Police Constable
* [[Pankaj Jha]] as Pankaj Singh
* [[Neha Joshi]] as Mallika
* [[Asif Basra]] as Sompal Singh
* [[Seema Azmi]] as Gouri Malan
* Anuja Jha as Meena
* Shivani Sapori as Amma Ji
* Ehsan Khan as Sandeep
*Jacynthe Cauvier as Foreign Musician
*Bhavesh Kumar as Sonu
*Jyoti Yadav as Jhanvi

==Marketing and release==
The first look of the film in a motion poster was unveiled by OK Movies & Music on 28 August 2019.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://youtube.com/watch?v=HaQny49-8mA|title=P se Pyaar F se Faraar - Motion Poster - Bhavesh Kumar, Jimmy Shergill - Manoj Tiwari - 18 October|publisher=OK Movies & Music|website=YouTube|date=28 August 2019}}</ref>

The film was released on 18 October 2019 worldwide, through [[PVR Pictures]].<ref name="news18rd">{{cite web|url=https://www.news18.com/news/press-release/first-look-of-bollywoods-next-sensational-film-p-se-pyaar-f-se-faraar-launched-2288043.html|title=First Look of Bollywood's Next sensational film "P Se Pyaar F Se Faraar" Launched|website=News18|date=28 August 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/movie-details/p-se-pyaar-f-se-faraar/movieshow/70891291.cms|title=P Se Pyaar F Se Faraar|website=Times of India|date=28 August 2019}}</ref>

==Soundtrack==
{{Infobox album
| name = P Se Pyaar F Se Faraar
| type = soundtrack
| artist = Ripul Sharma
| cover =
| alt =
| released = 11 October 2019<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.jiosaavn.com/album/p-se-pyaar-f-se-farraar/Pm-oCLomWEo_ |title=P Se Pyaar F Se Farraar – Original Motion Picture Soundtrack |website=Jio Saavn|date=11 September 2019 }}</ref>
| recorded = 2019
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = [[Feature film soundtrack]]
| length = 41:34
| language = [[Hindi]]
| label = [[Zee Music Company]]
| producer =
| chronology =
| prev_title =
| prev_year =
| year =
| next_title =
| next_year =
| misc = {{External media
| audio1 = {{YouTube|CHVir5dsEIw|Official Audio Jukebox}}
}}}}

The music of the film is composed by
Ripul Sharma. Song "Ishq Kalandar" is composed by Sanjeev - Ajay and lyrics by Sanjeev Chaturvedi. Other lyrics are written by Ripul Sharma, Vipul Ghangale, Milind Gadhavi and Buddha Mukherjee.

{{Track listing
| headline = Track listing
| total_length = 41:34
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| title1 = Ishq Teri Zaat Hai Kya
| extra1 = Ripul Sharma
| lyrics1 = Ripul Sharma
| length1 = 4:59
| title2 = Teri Hona Chahu Mein
| extra2 = Momita Das Sharma, Keval Walanj
| lyrics2 = Ripul Sharma
| length2 = 4:18
| title3 = Parindey
| extra3 = Rituraj Mohanty
| lyrics3 = Ripul Sharma
| length3 = 4:28
| title4 = Krishna Teri Nagari
| extra4 = Pandit Roshanlal Verma
| lyrics4 = Ripul Sharma
| length4 = 2:15
| title5 = Ishq Kalandar
| extra5 = Rani Indrani Sharma, Rahul Jain
| lyrics5 = Sanjeev Chaturvedi
| length5 = 4:02
| title6 = Ishq Teri Jaat Hai Kya
| note6 = Version 2
| extra6 = Ripul Sharma
| lyrics6 = Ripul Sharma
| length6 = 3:37
| title7 = Parindey (Marathi)
| extra7 = Datta Mestri
| lyrics7 = Vipul Ghangale
| length7 = 4:28
| title8 = Parindey (Punjabi)
| extra8 = Nitin Gupta
| lyrics8 = Ripul Sharma
| length8 = 4:28
| title9 = Parindey (Gujarati)
| extra9 = Jaydev Gosai
| lyrics9 = Milind Gadhavi
| length9 = 4:28
| title10 = Parindey (Bengali)
| extra10 = Buddha Mukherjee
| lyrics10 = Buddha Mukherjee
| length10 = 4:31
}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|10816510}}
* {{Bollywood Hungama movie|p-se-pyaar-f-se-faraar}}

[[Category:2019 films]]
[[Category:Films about the caste system in India]]
[[Category:Films about social issues in India]]
[[Category:Films set in Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Indian films based on actual events]]
[[Category:Drama films based on actual events]]
[[Category:2019 Hindi-language films]]
[[Category:2019 Indian films]]
[[Category:Hindi-language drama films]]

Bati (bread)

2026-02-28T08:35:42Z

Vikiknl: Done

{{Short description|Type of bread popular in western India}}
{{Other uses|Bati (disambiguation){{!}}Bati}}
{{For|the dish|Dal bati churma}}
{{Refimprove|date=March 2013}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2022}}
{{Infobox prepared food
| name = Baati
| image = DalBati.jpg
| caption = Baati
| country = [[Rajasthan]], [[India]]
| region = [[Rajasthan]], [[Khargone]], [[Madhya Pradesh]]
| type = [[Bread]]
| main_ingredient = [[Ghee]], [[clarified butter]], [[Flour]], [[Water]]
| variations = [[Litti (cuisine)]] in [[Bihar]]
}}

'''Baati''' is a hard, unleavened [[bread]] cooked in most areas of [[Rajasthan]],<ref>Rajasthani Cookbook by Tarla Dala, p. 102</ref> and in some parts of [[Madhya Pradesh]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.holidayiq.com/blog/7-must-have-dishes-from-madhya-pradesh-you-just-cannot-miss-1982.html|title=7 Must Have Dishes From Madhya Pradesh You Just Cannot Miss|website=HolidayIQ|language=en|access-date=2019-01-08|archive-date=18 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181018122644/http://www.holidayiq.com/blog/7-must-have-dishes-from-madhya-pradesh-you-just-cannot-miss-1982.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> and [[Gujarat]] states of [[India]]. It is prized for its long shelf life and high nutritional content,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ifood.tv/indian/dal-bati/about|title=About Dal Bati|website=ifood.tv|language=en|access-date=2019-01-08}}</ref> and, in [[desert]] areas, for the minimal quantity of water required for its preparation. Baati is commonly eaten with [[dal]], hence also referred to as [[dal baati]]. In some regions, especially Madhya Pradesh, it is also paired with a roasted aubergine mash called [[Bharta (food)|bharta]]. Baati is also closely related to [[Litti (cuisine)]], popular in eastern Uttar Pradesh ([[Varanasi]]) and western Bihar. Litti is eaten with [[potato]], [[tomato]] and roasted [[Eggplant|aubergine]].

Baati can either be plain or have various kinds of fillings, including [[onion]]s, [[pea]]s, and ''[[sattu]]''. ''Bafla'' is a kind of baati, which is softer. Bafla and baati are mostly eaten with hot dal with pure [[ghee]] and [[chutney]].

''[[Churma]]'' is a popular delicacy usually served with ''baatis'' and dal. It is coarsely ground wheat crushed and cooked with [[ghee]] and sugar. Traditionally it is made by mashing up wheat flour baatis or leftover rotis in ghee and [[jaggery]], optionally mixed with dry fruits and flavours. It can be eaten alone or with dal.

==Daal-baati-churma==
[[File:Dal Baati Rajwadi Thali.jpg|thumb|left|Dal Baati]]

Dal-baati-churma is a popular pairing of three dishes and a complete meal.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.enhanceyourpalate.com/dal-bati-churma-holiday-party-menu-ideas/|title=Dal Bati Churma Party Menu Recipes|date=2019-09-21|website=Enhance Your Palate|language=en-US|access-date=2019-10-05}}</ref> Dal Baati is a popular Rajasthani dish consisting of mainly Uradh Dal (combination of five lentils) <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.enhanceyourpalate.com/panchmel-rajasthani-dal-lentil-soup/|title=Rajasthani Panchmel Dal - Five Lentil Soup|date=2016-09-30|website=Enhance Your Palate|language=en-US|access-date=2019-10-05}}</ref> and Baati i.e. small wheat bread balls. Baati is dipped in pure ghee and served hot in a traditional earthen pot.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.enhanceyourpalate.com/bati/|title=Rajasthani Bati (Unleavened Bread) for Dal-Bati-Churma|date=2016-09-30|website=Enhance Your Palate|language=en-US|access-date=2019-10-05}}</ref> Dal is served in a small bucket-shaped vessel with a red chilli tadka on top, spicy garlic chutney, or with besan (gram flour).<ref>{{cite web|title=Dal-Bati-Churma: A Rajasthani Delight|url=http://indiacanteen.tastyfix.com/dal-bati-churma-a-rajasthani-delight/|website=indiacanteen.tastyfix.com|access-date=23 September 2015|archive-date=12 November 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161112191303/http://indiacanteen.tastyfix.com/dal-bati-churma-a-rajasthani-delight/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
[[File:"Delectable Dal Baati Churma".jpg|thumb|Dal, baati, and churma on a platter]]

It is traditionally prepared by coarsely mashing ''baati'' and pouring [[ghee]] on top of it. It is commonly served at all festivities, including religious occasions, wedding ceremonies, and birthday parties in Rajasthan.<ref name=":0" />

==Daal-Baati Thali==
[[File:Dal Bati Choorma.jpg|thumb|Daal Baati Thaali]]
Rajasthani thali is incomplete without baati. Baati is also served with besan gatte, boondi raita. [[Garlic chutney]], papad, [[kadhi]] and [[mango pickle]].<ref name=":0" />

In Madhya Pradesh, Daal-Baati is served with other dishes as well, for example, [[Baingan bharta|Baingan ka Bharta]] (Aubergine cooked on direct flames and mashed with raw spices) or fried potatoes. Kadhi (cooked with Besan (gram flour) and butter milk) is also eaten with Daal-Baati as it adds a liquid element and maintains the water content in the whole combination.

Gatte ki Sabzi, made up of Besan (gram flour) and spices, is also eaten in western Madhya Pradesh and Rajasthan. It is a little bit spicier, adding a spicy element to the whole thali.

Mango Pickle and Green Chutney (made with coriander, lemon, tomatoes, rock salt, cumin seeds and sea salt) are integral parts of the thali. In western Madhya Pradesh towards Malwa, sweet rice is also cooked and served in the Thali. The rice is cooked with saffron, sugar and cloves.

==See also==
* [[List of Indian breads]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*{{Commons category-inline|Baati}}
*{{cookbook-inline}}

{{Indian Dishes}}
{{Indian bread}}

[[Category:Indian breads]]
[[Category:Unleavened breads]]
[[Category:Rajasthani cuisine]]
[[Category:Vegetarian dishes of India]]

Indian School, Sohar

2026-02-22T10:48:26Z

Vikiknl: refined page to improve readability

{{Use British English|date=September 2013}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2024}}
{{Infobox school
| name = Indian School Sohar
| image = Indian School Sohar logo.jpg
| motto = Tamaso Ma Jyotir Gamaya(lead me from darkness to light)
| city = [[Sohar]]
| country = [[Oman]]
| coordinates = {{coord|24|20|23|N|56|44|47|E|display=inline,title}}
| type = Private
| established = 1982
| head = Sanchita verma
| grades = KG-12
| gender = [[Co-educational]]
| publication =
| website = [http://www.indianschoolsohar.com School website]
| president = Mr. Abraham George
| head_label = Principal
| head_name2 =
| head2 =
| enrollment =
| language =
| free_label1 =
| free_text1 =
| free_label2 =
| free_text2 =
}}
'''Indian School Sohar''' ('''ISS''') is an English co-educational school for Indians in the Al Hambar area of [[Sohar]], Oman. It was founded in 1982 and is managed by members of the Indian business community. The school has students from kindergarten to Class 12 and is affiliated with the [[Central Board of Secondary Education]] in India.<ref name="CBSE">{{cite web|url=http://164.100.50.30/SchoolDir/userview.aspx|title=Affiliation|last=CBSE|first=ISS|author2=CBSE|date=11 September 2009|work=EDUCATIONAL|publisher=CBSE|pages=1|access-date=11 September 2009|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090416002431/http://164.100.50.30/SchoolDir/userview.aspx|archive-date=16 April 2009}}</ref>

Its logo is "From darkness to light" in Sanskrit and English, with a lamp in the center flanked by a pair of swans and an open book (symbolizing learning).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indianschoolsohar.com/logo.php|title=Logo|website=Indian School Sohar|access-date=28 January 2014}}</ref>

== Awards ==
ISS won the Shastra Pratibha Contest in 2008 and 2009 in the sub-senior group, receiving the Indian Ambassador's Rolling Trophy. The contest is organised by Science India Forum, with the trophy awarded to the winning school. A school team was runner-up in the school-team category in the annual ''[[Times of Oman]]'' quiz.<ref name="Newspaper">{{cite news |date=5 July 2022 |title=CBSE results: Pranshu Dasgupta of Class 12, Aman Saji of Class 10 declared Oman toppers |url=https://www.thearabianstories.com/2022/07/25/cbse-results-pranshu-dasgupta-of-class-12-aman-saji-of-class-10-declared-oman-toppers/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240915194857/https://www.thearabianstories.com/2022/07/25/cbse-results-pranshu-dasgupta-of-class-12-aman-saji-of-class-10-declared-oman-toppers/ |archive-date=15 September 2024 |access-date=11 September 2009 |work=The Arabian Stories |publisher=The Arabian Stories |pages=1}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.timesofoman.com/echoice.asp?detail=24415&rand=XXT9vACatr7sA4jbG25WpABNuB|title=Times of Oman Quiz|last=Oman|first=Times|author2=Times of Oman|date=18 April 2009|work=News|publisher=Times of Oman|pages=1|access-date=11 September 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110617015359/http://www.timesofoman.com/echoice.asp?detail=24415&rand=XXT9vACatr7sA4jbG25WpABNuB|archive-date=17 June 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref> The finals were held on 17 April 2009 in the Qurum amphitheater. One hundred seventy-nine teams participated from all over Oman, and ISS finished fourth; Indian ambassador to Oman H.E. [[Anil Wadhwa]] visited the school.<ref name="Ambassador">{{cite web |last=Embassy |first=ISS |author2=Indian Embassy |date=November 2007 |title=Ambassador's Visit |url=http://www.indemb-oman.org/pdf/indianembassy/India%20News_November_07.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110726175114/http://www.indemb-oman.org/pdf/indianembassy/India%20News_November_07.pdf |archive-date=26 July 2011 |access-date=11 September 2009 |work=News |publisher=Indian Embassy |pages=12}}</ref> ISS organises competitive events for students to hone their skills.<ref name="News">{{cite news|url=http://www.timesofoman.com/innercat.asp?detail=7298|title=Competitions|last=Oman|first=ISS|author2=Times of Oman|date=24 May 2007|work=News|publisher=Times of Oman|pages=1|access-date=11 September 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110617015405/http://www.timesofoman.com/innercat.asp?detail=7298|archive-date=17 June 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref>

ISS has been part of the national news.<ref>Creative Minds. Times of Oman, Page 7, 1 August 2007</ref><ref>Maths Operation contest. Oman Tribune, Page 3, Nation, 31 August 2007</ref><ref>Tribune, Nation, 9 August 2007</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.timesofoman.com/innercat.asp?detail=37075&rand=0H5gIP2CXrcdS4LIYYh1QUIEmw |title=Times of Oman |access-date=2010-05-22 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110617012700/http://www.timesofoman.com/innercat.asp?detail=37075&rand=0H5gIP2CXrcdS4LIYYh1QUIEmw |archive-date=17 June 2011 }}</ref> The school has participated in international Olympiads, including the 2009 International Informatics Olympiad. Seven students secured a perfect 10 in the 2011 Class 10 (AISSE) exams.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.etimesofoman.com/popup.htm?web%2FPhotographs%2F2011%2F06%2F05%2F018%2F05_06_2011_018_002_000.jpg |title=TimesofOman E-paper – Newspaper View |access-date=10 July 2022 |archive-date=25 July 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110725214408/http://www.etimesofoman.com/popup.htm?web%2FPhotographs%2F2011%2F06%2F05%2F018%2F05_06_2011_018_002_000.jpg |url-status=dead }}</ref> Four students from the 2010–2011 Class 12 received INSPIRE scholarships (Rs 400,000 over five years) from the Department of Science and Technology for reaching the top one percent in the 2011 CBSE Class 12 Board exams.<ref>CBSE circular no. CBSE/CU/INSPIRE-2011/ dated 1 July 2011
</ref> A Class 11 student won third prize in the Ambassador's Polemic Challenge and was congratulated by [[Anil Wadhwa]], ambassador of India to Oman. ISS students topped the Young Bulls competition held in 2012.<ref>Times of Oman Market Section Page B 10 dated 05/02/2013–</ref> The ISS annual Sports Day has been covered by the ''Times of Oman''.<ref>http://www.timesofoman.com/News/Article-1909.aspx′{{Dead link|date=January 2020 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> The school received the Ambassador's Trophy for most improved school in Oman from Ambassador J.S. Mukul at a conference at Muscat.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.timesofoman.com/News/Article-16951.aspx |title=Times of Oman | News :: Indian School Sohar wins Ambassador?s Trophy |access-date=2013-06-05 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140203022923/http://www.timesofoman.com/News/Article-16951.aspx |archive-date=3 February 2014 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.timesofoman.com/News/34515/Article-CBSE-12th-grade-results-Indian-School-Sohar-breaks-record-in-AISSCE |title=Times of Oman | News :: CBSE 12th grade results: Indian School Sohar breaks record in AISSCE |access-date=2014-05-30 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140601052838/http://www.timesofoman.com/News/34515/Article-CBSE-12th-grade-results-Indian-School-Sohar-breaks-record-in-AISSCE |archive-date=1 June 2014 }}</ref>

== References ==

<references />

==External links==
* [http://www.indianschoolsohar.com/ Official website]
* http://www.indianschoolmag.blogspot.com
* [http://www.indianschoolsohar.blogspot.com ISS.blogspot.com]
{{International schools in Oman}}
{{Indian international schools}}

[[Category:Educational institutions established in 1982]]
[[Category:Indian international schools in Oman]]
[[Category:Sohar]]
[[Category:1982 establishments in Oman]]

Mrinalini Sen

2026-02-08T17:54:03Z

Vikiknl: creating new bio w/ refs

{{short description|First Indian to fly}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Mrinalini Sen
| image = Mrinalini Sen.jpg
| alt = 
| caption =
| birth_name = 
| birth_date = 3 August 1879
| birth_place = [[Bhagalpur]], [[India]]
| death_date = 8 March 1972
| death_place = [[Calcutta]], [[India]]
| other_names =
| occupation =
| years_active =
| known_for = Being the first Indian to fly in a plane.
| notable_works =
}}

'''Mrinalini Sen''' (3 August 1879 – 8 March 1972) was a Bengali writer in [[Presidencies and provinces of British India|British India]]. On 19 December 1910, she became the first Indian to fly in a plane.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|agency=TNN|date=Dec 23, 2018|title=One December over a century ago, a woman became first Indian to fly in country {{!}} Mumbai News - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/one-dec-over-a-century-ago-a-woman-became-first-indian-to-fly-in-country/articleshow/67212686.cms|access-date=2021-01-27|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web|last=Johari|first=Aarefa|title=Finding Mrs Sen: The first Indian woman to fly in a plane was a poet called Mrinalini Devi|url=https://scroll.in/magazine/907444/finding-mrs-sen-the-first-indian-woman-to-fly-in-a-plane-was-a-poet-called-mrinalini-devi|access-date=2021-01-27|website=Scroll.in|language=en-US}}</ref>

== Life ==

Mrinalini Devi was born in 1878, into the Luddhi family of [[Bhagalpur]], [[Bihar]], India. She was married to the [[Belgachia|Raja of Paikpara]], at the age of 12 and became a young widow a few years later. She met Nirmal Chandra Sen, the son of [[Keshub Chandra Sen]] and a civil servant, in a social gathering. After placing her brother on the throne of Paikpara, she eloped and married Nirmal Chandra Sen. She had four children - NC Sen (Jr), Srilata, Arati, and Anjali.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" />

Both were prominent members of Calcutta’s elite society, and it was during the late 1900s when Mrinalini Devi got the chance to undertake the historic flight on 19 December 1910 and become the first Indian to fly in a plane. In 1910, the Belgian pilot Jules Tyck had brought a Farman biplane and a [[Blériot XI|Bleriot XI monoplane]] to operate the first manned flight out of India. A [[The Times of India|Times of India]] report dated 22 December 1910 mentions that the Belgian baron, [[Pierre de Caters]], took off on a biplane from the grounds of the [[Tollygunge Club]] with Sen seated behind the pilot’s seat. The occasion was also covered by French newspapers and a British magazine.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" />

Immediately after the historic flight, both moved to England and returned to India before [[World War II]] began. She wrote poetry and they were often published in the ''[[Desh (magazine)|Desh]]'' magazine.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" />

She died on 8 March 1972.

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sen, Mrinalini}}

[[Category:Bengali writers]]
[[Category:1879 births]]
[[Category:1972 deaths]]
[[Category:Writers from the Bengal Presidency]]
[[Category:Women writers from West Bengal]]

Agnes McLaren

2026-02-07T15:27:29Z

Vikiknl: Stub

{{Short description|British doctor (1837–1913)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2014}}
{{Use British English|date=July 2012}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Agnes McLaren
| honorific_suffix = FRCPI, [[Third Order of Saint Dominic|TOSD]]
| image = Agnes-mclaren (cropped).jpg
| caption = McLaren in 1872
| birth_date = {{birth date text|1837}}
| birth_place = [[Edinburgh]], Scotland
| death_date = {{death year and age|1913|1837}}
| death_place = Antibes, France
| education = Studied medicine [[University of Montpellier]]
| known_for = medical work with women and children in India, and for women's suffrage activism
| awards = Fellow of the [[Royal College of Physicians of Ireland]]
}}

'''Agnes McLaren''' (4 July 1837 – 17 April 1913)<ref name="FOH">{{cite book | url = https://www.amazon.ca/Faces-Holiness-Modern-Saints-Photos/dp/0879739509 | title = Faces of Holiness (Dr Agnes McLaren Medicine Woman) | first = Ann | last = Ball | isbn = 978-0-87973-950-8 | publisher = Our Sunday Visitor Publishing | year = 1998 }}</ref> [[Royal College of Physicians of Ireland|FRCPI]] was a Scottish doctor who was one of the first to give medical assistance to women in India who, because of custom, were unable to access medical help from male doctors. Agnes was active in social justice causes including protests against the white slave trade.<ref name="obitbmj" /> She signed the 1866 women's suffrage petition and was secretary of the [[Edinburgh National Society for Women's Suffrage]] alongside her stepmother, Priscilla Bright McLaren.<ref name="WSM" /> In 1873 she travelled with Priscilla and [[Jane Taylour]] to give suffrage lectures in [[Orkney]] and [[Shetland]].<ref name="shetland">{{cite book|last1=Taylor|first1=Marsali|title=Women's suffrage in Shetland|date=2010|publisher=Lulu.com|location=[Great Britain?]|isbn=978-1446108543|page=48}}</ref> Her father had supported the campaign of first women who sought to study medicine at [[University of Edinburgh]] and Agnes became friends with [[Sophia Jex-Blake]], one of the [[Edinburgh Seven]]. Her father did not however support Agnes' own ambitions in this area. And as she could not graduate in medicine in Scotland, she went to study in France and later, in order to be permitted to practice at home, became a member of the Royal College of Dublin.<ref name="shetland" />

She was based with the [[Franciscans|Franciscan]] Hospital Sisters when in training,<ref>{{Cite book|last=Smitley|first=Megan K.|url=https://theses.gla.ac.uk/1488/|title='Woman's mission': the temperance and women's suffrage movements in Scotland, c.1870-1914|publisher=University of Glasgow|year=2002|location=Glasgow|pages=67|access-date=16 November 2021|archive-date=16 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211116121404/https://theses.gla.ac.uk/1488/|url-status=live}}</ref> and later converted to the [[Catholic Church|Catholic faith]] in order to carry out missionary work even though Roman Catholic law still prevented its sisters-in-vows from being doctors until 1936.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Burton|first1=Katherine|author-link=Katherine Burton|title=According to the Pattern; The Story of Dr Agnes McLaren and the Society of Catholic Medical Missionaries|date=1946|location=New York | publisher=Longmans, Green | oclc=717114660 }}</ref>

==Background==
McLaren was born in [[Edinburgh, Scotland]].<ref name="FOH"/> The daughter of [[Duncan McLaren]], a [[Presbyterian]] businessman and prominent liberal politician, by his second marriage. Her mother died when she was only three years old. Her father's third wife was [[Priscilla Bright McLaren|Priscilla Bright]] and in time they would work together.
[[File:Agnes McLaren.jpg|thumb|Agnes McLaren]]
She entered the school of medicine at the [[University of Montpellier]] in 1876, eventually becoming only the tenth woman in Britain to graduate as a doctor.<ref name="WSM">{{cite book | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=giffod3v0FsC&q=%22Agnes+McLaren%22+1837&pg=RA1-PA397 | title = The Women's Suffrage Movement | first = Elizabeth | last = Crawford | isbn = 978-0-415-23926-4 | page=397 | year = 2001 | publisher = Routledge | location = New York}}</ref> In 1877 she sat on the governing body of the [[London School of Medicine for Women]]. She was a visiting physician at the Cannongate Medical Mission Dispensary in Edinburgh. By 1882, she was also Fellow of the [[Royal College of Physicians of Ireland]], and had a practice in [[Cannes]].<ref name="WSM"/> She would spend the summers in Edinburgh and relocate to France in the winter.

==India==
In 1898 aged 61, she [[Religious conversion|converted]] to the [[Roman Catholic Church]], and later went to [[Rawalpindi]], northern India (now Pakistan) with a [[Catholic missions|Catholic mission]], she had learned of the tremendous health needs of women in India.<ref name="WSM"/> Because of India's custom of seclusion for women (''[[purdah]]''), they could not be seen by men other than their immediate family, a custom which meant they also could not receive medical care from male physicians. With so few women doctors in the early 1900s, literally thousands of women died in illness or in [[childbirth]] each year and many babies also died in infancy. McLaren responded to this problem by establishing the London Committee, a support group of women which helped finance the opening of a small hospital, St. Catherine's Hospital, in [[Rawalpindi]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=History of Medical Mission Sisters |url=https://www.medicalmissionsisters-uk.org/history-anna-dengel |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230324052548/https://www.medicalmissionsisters-uk.org/history-anna-dengel |archive-date=2023-03-24 |access-date=2023-11-19 |website=mms-uk |language=en}}</ref>

During her search for women who could help run the hospital, McLaren discovered that [[Canon law (Catholic Church)|Catholic Canon Law]] prohibited [[nun#Religious Sisters|Religious Sisters]] from giving this level of medical care. She petitioned the [[Pope]] and [[Holy See]] to lift the restriction and, while waiting for a response, continued looking for women interested in health care abroad. [[Anna Maria Dengel]], an [[Austrian people|Austrian]], responded to McLaren's request, but was never able to meet McLaren, who died shortly after their correspondence began. However, before her death, McLaren encouraged Dengel to study medicine at the [[Cork University]], setting into motion Dengel's becoming a physician and, years later, her starting a new [[Church congregation|religious congregation]], the [[Medical Mission Sisters]]. They are a Catholic congregation of Sisters who are trained as doctors and nurses and other forms of healthcare professionals, dedicated to providing healthcare to women and children around the world. In 1915, after reading a biographical pamphlet about McLaren's life, Australian doctor [[Mary Glowrey]] experienced her vocation to work as a medical missionary in [[Guntur]], India. Mary Glowrey received special permission from [[Pope Benedict XV]] to work as a medical doctor and Religious Sister in 1920.

McLaren died in 1913 and was buried in [[Antibes]], France.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://newsarch.rootsweb.com/th/read/MIDLOTHIAN/2001-08/0997465980 | title = Details on monument in St. Cuthberts Churchyard, Edinburgh | access-date = 17 September 2008 | archive-date = 16 February 2012 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120216160835/http://newsarch.rootsweb.com/th/read/MIDLOTHIAN/2001-08/0997465980 | url-status = live }}</ref> Her obituary in the [[The BMJ|British Medical Journal]] describes her as "a woman of strong individuality and character, known to a large circle of philanthropic workers of many nations, many kindreds and many creeds."<ref name=obitbmj>{{cite news|title=Dr Anges McLaren|url=http://www.bmj.com/content/1/2730/917.4|access-date=19 February 2015|publisher=British Medical Journal|date=April 26, 1913|archive-date=1 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201031115/http://www.bmj.com/content/1/2730/917.4|url-status=live}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Further reading==
*The British Medical Journal: Medico-Legal, 1913 April 26. vol. 1 (2730): 917
*{{Cite book | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=LTSYePZvSXYC&pg=PA871 | title = The Biographical Dictionary of Women in Science | last1 = Ogilvie | first1 = Marilyn Bailey | last2 = Harvey |first2 = Joy Dorothy |author-link = Marilyn Bailey Ogilvie |author2-link = Joy Harvey |page = 871 |publisher = Taylor & Francis | isbn = 978-0-415-92040-7 | year = 2000}}
* '[http://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/001413842 According to the pattern; the story of Dr. Agnes McLaren and the Society of Catholic medical missionaries]', by Katherine Burton (1946)
* [https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/56982142 She stepped out of her class : the life and times of Agnes McLaren], by Janet Gottschalk.(2003)
* The Journeying Ladies: Agnes McLaren, Elizbeth Leseur, Edith Stein, Margaret Laurentia McLachlan by Joyce Sugg (1967)

{{Authority control}}
{{Women's suffrage in Scotland}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Mclaren, Agnes}}
[[Category:1837 births]]
[[Category:1913 deaths]]
[[Category:Medical doctors from Edinburgh]]
[[Category:Roman Catholic activists]]
[[Category:Lay Dominicans]]
[[Category:Roman Catholic medical missionaries]]
[[Category:Scottish Roman Catholic missionaries]]
[[Category:University of Montpellier alumni]]
[[Category:19th-century Scottish medical doctors]]
[[Category:19th-century Scottish women medical doctors]]
[[Category:Converts to Roman Catholicism from Presbyterianism]]
[[Category:Scottish expatriates in France]]
[[Category:Scottish suffragists]]
[[Category:Roman Catholic missionaries in India]]
[[Category:Roman Catholic missionaries in Pakistan]]
[[Category:National Society for Women's Suffrage]]
[[Category:British missionaries in India]]
[[Category:British medical missionaries]]

Mirza Basheer-ud-Din Mahmood Ahmad

2026-02-07T08:20:05Z

Vikiknl: creating initial data from scratch

{{Short description|Ahmadiyya religious leader (1889–1965)}}
{{other people|Bashir Ahmad}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2021}}
{{Infobox religious biography
| name = Mirza Basheer-ud-Din Mahmood
| native_name = {{Nastaliq|مرزا بشیر الدین محمود احمد}}
| title = [[Ahmadiyya Caliphate|Caliph of the Messiah]] [[Amir al-Mu'minin]] Promised Son
| image = Khalifatul Masih II.JPG
| caption = Mirza Basheer-ud-Din Mahmood Ahmad
| religion = [[Islam]]
| denomination = [[Ahmadiyya]]
| post = [[Ahmadiyya Caliphate|Caliph]]
| consecration = 14 March 1914
| predecessor = [[Hakeem Noor-ud-Din]]
| successor = [[Mirza Nasir Ahmad]]
| spouse = {{collapsible list
| title = {{nobold|7 spouses}}
| Mahmuda Begum (m. 1902; d. 1958)
| Amtul Hai (m. 1914; d. 1924)
| Syeda Maryam Nisa Begum (m. 1921; d. 1944)
| Sarah Begum (m. 1925; d. 1933)
| Aziza Begum (m. 1926–?)
| Maryam Siddiqa (m. 1935; d. 1996)
| Bushra Begum (m. 1944; d. 1997)
}}
| children = {{collapsible list
| title = {{nobold|13 sons}}
| [[Mirza Nasir Ahmad]]
| Mirza Mubarik Ahmad
| Mirza Munawar Ahmad
| Mirza Khalil Ahmad
| Mirza Hafeez Ahmad
| Mirza Rafi Ahmad
| Mirza Waseem Ahmad
| [[Mirza Tahir Ahmad]]
| Mirza Anwar Ahmad
| Mirza Naeem Ahmad
| Mirza Haneef Ahmad
| Mirza Azhar Ahmad
| Mirza Rafiq Ahmad
}}
9 daughters
| father = [[Mirza Ghulam Ahmad]]
| mother = [[Nusrat Jahan Begum]]
| birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1889|01|12}}
| birth_place = [[Qadian]], [[Punjab Province (British India)|Punjab]], [[British India]]
| honorific_suffix = al-Musleh Maoud
| death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|1965|11|7|1889|01|12}}
| death_place = [[Rabwah]], [[Punjab, Pakistan|Punjab]], Pakistan
| resting_date =
| resting_place = Bahishti Maqbara, [[Rabwah]], Pakistan
| signature = Unterschrift von Mirza Baschir ud-Din Mahmud Ahmad.png
| website = {{url|https://www.fazleumarfoundation.org/}}
}}
{{Ahmadiyya|Organizational structure}}

'''Mirza Basheer-ud-Din Mahmood Ahmad''' ({{script|ur-Arab|مرزا بشیر الدین محمود احمد}}; 12 January 1889 – 8 November 1965) was the [[Ahmadiyya Caliphate|second caliph]] ({{langx|ar|خليفة المسيح الثاني}}, ''khalīfatul masīh al-thāni''), leader of the worldwide [[Ahmadiyya Muslim Community]] and the eldest son of [[Mirza Ghulam Ahmad]] from his second wife, [[Nusrat Jahan Begum]]. He was elected as the second successor of Mirza Ghulam Ahmad on 14 March 1914 at the age of 25, the day after the death of his predecessor [[Hakeem Noor-ud-Din|Hakim Nur-ud-Din]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fazleumarfoundation.org/bio.html|title=The Fadl-i-'Umar Foundation|website=fazleumarfoundation.org|access-date=2016-08-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150217131719/http://www.fazleumarfoundation.org/bio.html|archive-date=17 February 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref>

Mahmood Ahmad's election as second caliph saw a [[Mirza Basheer-ud-Din Mahmood Ahmad#The Split|secession]] within the movement in which a party refrained from [[Bay'ah (Ahmadiyya)|pledging allegiance]] to him on account of certain differences over succession and theology; and possibly owing to a [[clash of personalities]]. He led the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community for over half a century and is known for establishing virtually the entire organisational structure of the Community (including five [[Mirza Basheer-ud-Din Mahmood Ahmad#Auxiliary Organisations|Auxiliary Organisations]]), improvement of its administration, formally establishing the [[Majlis-ash-Shura|''Majlis al-Shura'']] (Consultative Council), consolidating and formalising the system of financial contributions of the Community and directing extensive missionary activity beyond the [[Indian subcontinent]]. He is also known for his ''[[Tafsir-i Kabir (Ahmadiyya)|Tafsīr-e-Kabīr]]'', a ten-volume [[exegesis]] of the [[Qur'an]]. A renowned [[orator]], Mahmood Ahmad was also an active political figure especially in pre-[[Partition of India|independence]] [[India]]. He was also one of the founding members and the first president of the [[All India Kashmir Committee]] set up for the establishment of the civil rights of [[Kashmiri Muslims]]. Following the [[Partition of India]] and the creation of Pakistan in 1947, he carefully oversaw the safe migration of Ahmadis from [[Qadian]] to the newly found state, eventually building a town on a tract of arid and mountainous land bought by the Community in 1948 which now became its new headquarters and was named [[Rabwah]]. A 26 volume compilation of his works called ''Anwārul Uloom'' contains over 800 writings and lectures (excluding the many thousands of sermons).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.alislam.org/urdu/au/|title=Anwarul 'Ulum : Urdu Books by Hazrat Mirza Bashir-ud-din Mahmud Ahmad Khalifatul Masih II – Ahmadiyya Muslim Jama'at Urdu Pages|website=alislam.org|access-date=2016-08-20}}</ref> Mahmood Ahmad is regarded by the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community as the ''Musleh Ma'ood'' (Promised Reformer) and the "Promised Son" that Ghulam Ahmad foretold God would bestow upon him.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.alislam.org/library/links/00000177.html|title=Ahmadiyya Muslim Community|website=alislam.org|date=23 February 2000|access-date=2016-08-20}}</ref>

==Early life==
Mirza Basheer-ud-Din Mahmood was born to [[Mirza Ghulam Ahmad|Ghulam Ahmad]] and [[Nusrat Jahan Begum]] on 12 January 1889 in [[Qadian]], the same year in which Ghulam Ahmad established the Ahmadiyya Movement by accepting allegiance from his disciples. Due to chronic illness Mahmood Ahmad was unable to attend to [[secondary education]]. During his youth, he remained an active member in the service of the Movement by founding a journal entitled ''Tash'heezul Az'haan'' and accompanied his father on many of his journeys.<ref name="brief_history_52">{{cite web|url=http://www.alislam.org/library/history/ahmadiyya/52.html|title=A Brief History of Ahmadiyya Movement in Islam|website=alislam.org|access-date=2016-08-20}}</ref> On 26 May 1908, Ghulam Ahmad died in [[Lahore]] when Mahmood Ahmad was 19 years old. The next day on 27 May 1908, he gave the pledged allegiance to [[Hakeem Noor-ud-Din]], who had been chosen to succeed Ghulam Ahmad. After the passing of his father, Mahmood Ahmad continued to study the [[Quran]], [[Sahih Bukhari]], the [[Masnavi]] and some medicine under the tutelage of Noor-ud-Din, with whom he developed a close friendship. Noor-ud-Din would eventually become one of the leading influences in Mahmood's life. He also began writing articles for various periodicals for the Community and would often engage himself in theological debates with various scholars of the Community. Mahmood Ahmad visited [[Egypt]] and [[Saudi Arabia|Arabia]] in September 1912 during the course of which he performed the [[Hajj]] pilgrimage.{{Citation needed|date= July 2022}} Upon his return to [[Qadian]] in June 1913, he started a newspaper, titled ''[[The Daily Alfazal|Al-Fazl]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.alislam.org/alfazl/|title=Ahmadiyya Muslim Community -Alfazl Home Page – Daily from Rabwah and Weekly from London|website=alislam.org|access-date=2016-08-20}}</ref> Within the Community, the newspaper serves as a vehicle for the moral upbringing of its members, Islamic education and preservation of the Community's history.{{Citation needed|date= July 2022}}

==Caliphate==
On 13 March 1914, [[Khalifatul Masih I]] [[Hakeem Noor-ud-Din]] died shortly after 2 p.m. in Qadian, India.<ref name="khalifat2" /> The following day, Noor-ud-Din's will which had been entrusted to Muhammad Ali Khan, a prominent member of the Community, was read aloud in [[Noor Mosque, Qadian|Noor Mosque]] after [[Asr]] prayer. Having hardly finished the reading of Noor-ud-Din's will, members of the community felt Mahmood Ahmad best met the criteria of a successor the will had described and began calling for Mahmood Ahmad to accept their [[Bai'at]] (oath of allegiance). Being unprepared, he turned to Maulvi Syed Sarwar Shah and said "Maulvi Sahib, this burden has fallen upon me suddenly and unexpectedly and I cannot even recall the formula of Bai'at. Will you kindly instruct me in it?". He took the Bai'at of those present, repeating the words after Sawar Shah. After the oath was taken, he offered a silent prayer and made a brief speech. Mirza Basheer-ud-Din Mahmood Ahmad was elected as [[Khalifatul Masih]] II on 14 March 1914.<ref name="khalifat2" /> Under his leadership, there was further development of the scope of missionary activities and the establishment of a Madrasa Ahmadiyya up to the university level. During his tenure, he established 46 foreign missions and founded the ''Anjuman Tehrik-e-Jadīd'', which collected the funds from the members of the [[Ahmadiyya Muslim Community]] for the training of missionaries and had them posted to various countries. Mahmood Ahmad also had [[mosque]]s built in most places where missions had been established. The publication of magazines and periodicals was also initiated in various languages. He also started the translation of the [[Qur'an]] into English with a detailed commentary for the benefit of English speaking nations.<ref name=brief_history_56>[http://www.alislam.org/library/history/ahmadiyya/56.html A Brief History of Ahmadiyya Movement in Islam: Propagation of Islam]. Alislam.org. Retrieved on 2021-07-08.</ref>

===The Split===
{{See also|Lahore Ahmadiyya Movement}}
Soon after Hakim Nur-ud-Din's death in 1914, pre-existing ideological and administrative differences between Mahmood Ahmad and other prominent Ahmadi figures came to a head. As a result, a faction, led by [[Maulana Muhammad Ali]], opposed his succession and refrained from pledging their allegiance to him, eventually leaving Qadian and relocating to [[Lahore]],{{sfn|Khan|2015|pp=64–5}}{{sfn|Gilham|2014|pp=138–9}} something which led to a veritable secession and the formation of the [[Lahore Ahmadiyya Movement]]. Though a [[clash of personalities]] between the dissenters and Mahmood Ahmad has been postulated owing to the latter's relative youth, inexperience and poor academic background,{{sfn|Friedmann|2003|p=21}}{{sfn|Khan|2015|pp=71–2}} Muhammad Ali and his supporters' differences with him centred mainly upon the nature of Ghulam Ahmad's prophethood—and consequentially the status of Muslims who did not accept him—as well as the form the leadership should take within the movement, viz. the relative authority of the caliph and the ''Anjuman'' (executive council).{{Citation needed|date= July 2022}}

====On prophethood====
Ahmadis universally concur in the belief that Ghulam Ahmad was both the promised Mahdi and Messiah foretold by Muhammad to appear in the end times, and that his prophetic qualities were neither independent nor separable from [[Muhammad in Islam|Muhammad]]'s prophetic mission.{{Citation needed|date= July 2022}} However, Muhammad Ali held that the type of prophecy described by Ghulam Ahmad in reference to himself did not make him a prophet in the technical sense of the word as used in Islamic terminology, amounted to nothing more than sainthood and that Islamic mystics preceding Ghulam Ahmad had similarly described experiences of prophecy within Islam and in relation to Muhammad.{{sfn|Friedmann|2003|pp=149–50}}{{sfn|Qasmi|2015|p=39}}<ref>[https://archive.today/20041121144454/http://aaiil.info/misconceptions/khatam/khatam.htm "The Issue of Khatam-un-Nabiyyin"], The Lahore Ahmadiyya Movement</ref> Accordingly, unlike the majority Islamic belief which expects the physical return of Jesus, the Lahore Ahmadiyya affirm the absolute cessation of prophethood, and believe that no prophet can appear after Muhammad, neither a past one like Jesus, nor a new one.{{sfn|Valentine|2008|p=57}}{{sfn|Qasmi|2015|p=39}}

In contrast, Mahmood Ahmad posited that Ghulam Ahmad's messianic claim and role were qualitatively distinct from the claims of the saints preceding him in Islam{{sfn|Friedmann|2003|pp=152–3}} and that his prophetic status, though completely subservient to Muhammad, being a mere reflection of his own prophethood and not legislating anything new, still made him technically a prophet irrespective of the type of prophethood or the adjectives added to qualify it.{{sfn|Khan|2015|pp=66–7}}{{sfn|Qasmi|2015|p=39}}{{sfn|Friedmann|2003|p=152}} Accordingly, the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community believes that prophecy gifted as a result of perfect obedience and self-effacement in devotion to Muhammad is theologically possible after him, though it affirms the advent of only one such promised end-times figure in Ghulam Ahmad as having appeared in accordance with scriptural prophecies. Such a prophetic status, though not independent, is nonetheless technically classed as prophethood in as much as it involves an individual who is given knowledge of the hidden, predicts future events and is called a prophet by Allah.{{sfn|Friedmann|2003|pp=152–3}}<ref>[http://www.alislam.org/library/books/promisedmessiah/index.htm?page=37 "The Question of Finality of Prophethood"], The Promised Messiah and Mahdi by Dr. Aziz Ahmad Chaudhry, Islam International Publications Limited</ref>

====On other Muslims====
A closely linked point of contention surrounded the status of Muslims who did not accept Ghulam Ahmad's claim. Muhammad Ali and his supporters, rejecting indiscriminate pronouncements of disbelief (''[[Kufr]]'') concerning them, drew a distinction between those who were neutral in the controversy and those who actively rejected and opposed Ghulam Ahmad, or pronounced him an infidel.{{sfn|Friedmann|2003|pp=157–8}}{{sfn|Khan|2015|p=69}} The former could not in any sense be termed disbelievers (''kafirs'') while the latter were guilty only of rejecting a particular commandment of the Islamic faith—namely that pertaining to belief in the promised Messiah—which would render them [[Fasiq|''fasiqun'']] (those who depart from the right path) in distinction to disbelief in a basic element of the faith which would have excluded them from the Muslim community (''[[Ummah]]'').{{sfn|Qasmi|2015|p=188}}{{sfn|Friedmann|2003|pp=157–8}} Muhammad Ali repudiated the idea of declaring the entire Muslim community as disbelievers, a term which, according to him, could not apply to non-Ahmadi Muslims indiscriminately, something which he accused Mahmood Ahmad of doing.{{sfn|Khan|2015|p=68}}

Affirming a different typology of disbelief, i.e. that which subsists outside of Islam in contrast to that which does not entail exclusion from it, although Mahmood Ahmad held that Muslims who did not accept Ghulam Ahmad technically fell into the category of disbelief,{{sfn|Friedmann|2003|pp=160–1}} and that rejection of him ultimately amounted to rejection of Muhammad,{{sfn|Khan|2015|p=69}} he utilised the broad connotations and usages of the Arabic word ''Kafir'' to stress that his use of the term in reference to such Muslims did not carry its demotic meaning, but rather meant to signify doctrinal deviancy and to express that only Ahmadis were ''true'' Muslims.{{sfn|Friedmann|2003|p=161}}{{sfn|Khan|2015|p=69}}{{sfn|Gualtieri |1989|pp=15–16}} For him, since such Muslims as had not accepted one appointed by God (''ma'mur minallah'') within Islam were neither deniers of God nor Muhammad, they were still part of the Muslim community and were Muslims only in the sense that they belonged to the ''Ummah'' of Muhammad and as such were entitled to be treated as members of Muslim society (''mu'ashira''), which, according to him, was different from saying that they are Muslims and not ''kafirs''.{{sfn|Qasmi|2015|pp=134–5}} He held, therefore, that non-Ahmadi Muslims were to be classified as disbelievers albeit within the remit of Islam and not in the sense that they had a religion other than Islam; and, further, that the movement passed no judgement as to their fate in the hereafter and never proactively expressed this opinion of them.{{sfn|Gualtieri |1989|p=16}}<ref>Mirza Bashir-ud-Din Mahmud Ahmad, (1935), [https://www.alislam.org/library/books/Political-Solidarity-of-Islam.pdf ''Political Solidarity of Islam: fatwas of Kufr and their significance''], Qadian: Book Depot, pp.9–10</ref> Although he refused demands from outside the movement to accept that the term ''Kafir'' did not apply to non-Ahmadi Muslims, Mahmood Ahmad did maintain that such Muslims were not deemed to be outside the pale of Islam.{{sfn|Qasmi|2015|p=96}}

====On succession====
Towards the end of 1905, Mirza Ghulam Ahmad published a short treatise anticipating his own death entitled ''Al-Wasiyyat'' (or ''The Will'') in which he established the ''Sadr Anjuman Ahmadiyya'' (Central Ahmadiyya Council), an executive body set up to administer the movement and to collect and distribute funds to support the propagation of Islam.{{sfn|Khan|2015|pp=73–4}}{{sfn|Valentine|2008|pp=55–6}} Ghulam Ahmad presided over the Council himself until his death in 1908. After his death, Hakim Nur-ud-Din was unanimously chosen to succeed him and presided over the council's appointed president.{{sfn|Khan|2015|pp=77–8}} Muhammad Ali and his supporters held that Ghulam Ahmad, in ''The Will'', had designated the council as a consultative institution to be his successor.{{sfn|Khan|2015|p=75}} Viewing as autocratic the idea of one individual wielding absolute authority within the Community and demanding total obedience from it, they repudiated the idea of a ''khilāfah'' (caliphate) within the movement, preferring what they saw as a more democratic system established by Ghulam Ahmad himself and, accordingly, vested the Community's authority in the council as an administrative body.{{sfn|Khan|2015|pp=73, 77}} No individual had the power to revoke the decisions reached by the majority of the Council that would remain paramount and binding,{{sfn|Friedmann|2003|p=19}} something which they believed was in keeping with Ghulam Ahmad's instructions for the movement's administration after his death. Further, according to them, since leadership of the movement was no longer divinely appointed after Ghulam Ahmad's death, the obligation to pledge allegiance to his successor had also lapsed and had become a voluntary act.{{sfn|Friedmann|2003|pp=18–19}}

As opposed to the foregoing approach, Mahmood Ahmad, who assumed the movement's leadership as the second successor the day after Nur-ud-Din's death, held that Ghulam Ahmad had envisioned a system of divinely ordained caliphate to succeed him, similar to that believed to have commenced following the death of [[Muhammad in Islam|Muhammad]], under whose authority the council was to operate.{{sfn|Khan|2015|p=77}} Accordingly, he favoured centralised, singular authority through the system of caliphate which, in his view, was religiously indispensable and to which the Community's allegiance was necessary.{{sfn|Friedmann|2003|p=19, 21}} Ghulam Ahmad's successors, according to him, continued to be divinely ordained and commanded obedience from the Community.{{sfn|Friedmann|2003|p=19}} This, he contended, was clearly indicated in ''The Will'' as well as Ghulam Ahmad's other works and was an arrangement which, according to him, had existed throughout the period of Nur-ud-Din's leadership who not only spoke of himself as the ''khalīfat al-masīh '' (caliph; lit. successor of the Messiah) but declared that he had attained this office by divine appointment rather than community choice.{{sfn|Friedmann|2003|p=19}} The Ahmadiyya Muslim Community, accordingly, vests its religious and organisational authority in the caliph as Ghulam Ahmad's divinely chosen successor.{{sfn|Lathan|2008|p=382}}

===The non-cooperation movement===

Mahmood Ahmad became an important political figure in pre-[[Partition of India|independence]] India, and had close contacts with the leadership of [[All-India Muslim League]]. In 1919 following the defeat of [[Turkey]] during the first world war, which had a profound effect on the Muslims of India, the ''All India Muslim Conference'' was held in [[Lucknow]] to discuss Turkey's future existence. Mahmood was invited to attend, but could not attend in person. However, he wrote a booklet, on the subject of ''The future of Turkey and the duty of Muslims'' which was read out at the conference.

Mahmood was usually at variance with the activities of the [[Khilafat movement]] which strove to defend the [[Ottoman Caliphate]], sought to pressure the British Government and to protect the [[Ottoman Empire]]. The Movement became a major part of the struggle of the [[Non-cooperation movement (1919–22)|Non-cooperation movement]]<ref name=naeem_qureshi_1>{{cite book|last=Qureshi |first=M. Naeem |title=Pan-Islam in British Indian Politics: A Study of the Khilafat Movement, 1918–1924 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=czKYZPyoyx0C&pg=PA480 |year=1999 |publisher=BRILL |isbn=90-04-11371-1 |pages=480–}}</ref> Mahmood maintained that the activities of the movement were against the teachings of Islam and would ultimately prove detrimental for the Muslims. He emphasised the absence of the conditions in which Islam allows non-cooperation and instead advocated a positive engagement with the British so as to allay any prejudices towards Islam. He also criticised [[Mohandas Gandhi|Mohandas Gandhi's]] election as leader of the movement, lamenting the Muslim leaders for turning to a non-Muslim for their cause.<ref>Swan-e-Fazl-e-Umar, Vol.2, p.298-302</ref>

===Inter-faith understanding===

In 1919, Mahmood Ahmad also appointed a number of young talented Ahmadis to research into the world's major religions. He also delivered a number of public lectures on ''The need for religion'' and ''The dependence of peace upon Islam in the future''. In 1920, in order to promote understanding and harmony between [[Hindu]]s and [[Muslims]] he suggested that Hindus should send twenty students to Qadian for the study of the Quran, and sent two Muslim students himself to certain Hindu centres for the study of the [[Vedas]]. He also gave lectures on the exposition of the Qur'an for Ahmadi men and women.<ref name=brief_history_57>[http://www.alislam.org/library/history/ahmadiyya/57.html A Brief History of Ahmadiyya Movement in Islam: Upbringing of Members]. Alislam.org. Retrieved on 2021-07-08.</ref>

===Reforms to the ''Sadr Anjuman Ahmadiyya''===
[[File:Der zweite Kalif und zwei Missionare für West Afrika.jpg|thumb|369 px|This photo was taken during Mirza Mahmood Ahmad's Tour of England in 1924. From right to left: Fazl ul-Rahman Hakim; Mirza Mahmood Ahmad and [[Abdul Rahim Nayyar]]. At the bottom, two West-Africans.]]
In 1919 Mahmood Ahmad also made certain reforms to the ''Sadr Anjuman Ahmadiyya'' (Central Executive Directorate). He initiated the system of separate departments within the Anjuman like education, treasury, literature, and general affairs. Each department is headed by a secretary (''Nāzir'')

Later reforms included the introduction of the department for external affairs, and the establishment of the system of provincial ''[[Emir|Amārat]]'' initially, only within the [[Punjab region|Punjab]]. The Emir of each province functions under the Caliph for the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community of various places.<ref name=brief_history_57 />

===Establishment of ''Majlis-i-Shūra''===

In 1922 Mahmood Ahmad established the ''[[Majlis-ash-Shura]]'' or the ''Consultative Council'' of the community. The Majlis consists of elected representatives from various parts of the community who gather once a year and offer counsel and opinion on matters presented to them. The final decision is however left to the Caliph.<ref>[http://www.alislam.org/library/history/ahmadiyya/59.html A Brief History of Ahmadiyya Movement in Islam: Advisory Council, Department of Justice]. Alislam.org. Retrieved on 2021-07-08.</ref> At the international level, the council is presided over by the caliph. Its main purpose is to advise the caliph on important matters such as finance, projects, education and other issues relating to members of the Community. The caliph may comment, issue instructions, announce his decisions on the proposals during the course of the proceedings or may postpone the matter under further reflection. However, in most cases the caliph accepts the advice given by the majority. At the national level, the council is presided over by the ''ʾ[[Emir|Amīr]]'' (National President). At the conclusion of the proceedings, the recommendations are sent to the caliph for approval which he may accept, reject or partially accept.<ref>{{cite book | url=http://www.alislam.org/books/ahmadiyyat/WelcomeBook2ndEd.pdf | title=Welcome to Ahmadiyyat, the true Islam | publisher=Islam International Publications | pages=318–324| access-date=24 August 2014}}</ref>

===The ''Shuddhi'' Movement of the Arya Samāj===

In the early Twenties the [[Arya Samaj|Arya Samāj]] (a Hindu reformist Movement) started the [[Shuddhi (Hinduism)|Shuddhi]] missionary campaign to revert to Hinduism, those who had converted to other faiths (in most cases to [[Islam]]), particularly the [[Malkana]]s, a group of [[Rajputs]]. The Shuddhi Campaign had been somewhat successful in their activity between 1922 and 1923<ref>[http://www.milligazette.com/Archives/15012001/Art26.htm Muslim reactions to the shuddhi campaign in early twentieth century North India], The Milli Gazette</ref> and had been active in [[Agra]] and in the Punjab. When Mahmood Ahmad came to know of this activity he launched a counter campaign by setting up a network of missionaries across [[Uttar Pradesh]] where this activity was rife, to propagate the teachings of Islam and save people from converting to Hinduism.<ref>[http://www.alislam.org/library/history/ahmadiyya/60.html A Brief History of Ahmadiyya Movement in Islam: Malkana Movement]. Alislam.org. Retrieved on 2021-07-08.</ref>

In 1923, he sent a delegation of Ahmadis to the area to prevent the advancement of the Shuddhis, an act which earned him some popularity among the Muslim elite of India. After having faced extreme resistance, the Aryas announced the end of the Shuddhi movement in September 1923,<ref name=naeem_qureshi_2>{{cite book|last=Qureshi |first=M. Naeem |title=Pan-Islam in British Indian Politics: A Study of the Khilafat Movement, 1918–1924 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=czKYZPyoyx0C&pg=PA347 |year=1999 |publisher=BRILL |isbn=90-04-11371-1 |pages=347–}}</ref>
Though later, the president of ''Bhartiya Hindu Shuddhi Sabha'', [[Swami Shraddhanand]] was stabbed by a Muslim fanatic, Abdul Rasheed in 1926. In the latter part of the Twenties and early Thirties, under Mahmood Ahmad's directives various gatherings and meetings were held across the Indian subcontinent commemorating the life of the Islamic Prophet [[Muhammad]] known as (''Jalsa Seeratun-Nabi'') attended by Muslims and non-Muslims alike, a practice which is still carried out by Ahmadis today.<ref>[http://www.alislam.org/library/history/ahmadiyya/63.html A Brief History of Ahmadiyya India]. Alislam.org. Retrieved on 2021-07-08.</ref>

===Journey to the Middle East and Europe===
[[File:Tour of Europe 1924.jpg|thumb|left|449px|Mirza Mahmood Ahmad (seated center) with the scholars who accompanied him in his tour of the Middle East and Europe.]]
In 1924, accompanied by 12 eminent Ahmadis, Mirza Mahmood Ahmad visited various [[Middle East]]ern and [[Europe]]an countries. He traveled from [[Port Saeed]] to [[Cairo]] and from there to [[Jerusalem]], [[Haifa]] and [[Acre, Israel|Akkā]]. He traveled to [[Damascus]] by train where he is reported to have attracted a lot of publicity as well as opposition.<ref>''Near East & India''. London, 11 September 1924.</ref> Here he discussed Ghulam Ahmad's claims with leading scholars, and held various meetings with the intellectual community of Damascus.<ref>[http://www.alislam.org/library/links/00000177.html Hazrat Musleh Mau'ood, Khalifatul Masih II, in the Eyes of Non-Ahmadies]. Alislam.org. Retrieved on 2021-07-08.</ref> On 16 August he reached [[Italy]] and stayed in [[Rome]] for 4 days. He also visited France and England where he delivered numerous lectures, held meetings and was interviewed by numerous [[journalists]].{{Citation needed|date= July 2022}}

===Arrival in London===
Upon arrival in London he proceeded directly to [[Ludgate Hill|Ludgate]] to fulfill a prophetic [[Hadith]] which refers to the ''Bāb al-Lud'' (the gate of Lud)<ref>'Gate of Lud' Abul Husayn Muslim ibn al-Hajjaj Qushayri al-Nishapuri. ''Sahih Muslim''. Of the Turmoil & Portents of the Last Hour. No 7015</ref> and led some 300 Muslims in a lengthy [[Dua|prayer]] outside the entrance of [[St Paul's Cathedral]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Geaves|first=Ron|title=Islam and Britain: Muslim Mission in an Age of Empire|year=2017|publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing|isbn=978-1-4742-7173-8|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=mMA2DwAAQBAJ|page=138}}</ref><ref>Shahid, Dost Mohammad. [http://alislam.org/urdu/pdf/Tarikh-e-Ahmadiyyat-V04.pdf Tarikh e Ahmadiyyat]. vol IV. p. 446.</ref> His speech on [http://www.alislam.org/library/books/Ahmadiyyat-or-The-True-Islam-20080506MN.pdf ''Ahmadiyyat, the True Islam''] was read out in [[Wembley's Conference of Living Religions 1924]], where he had been invited by the conveners of the conference to represent Islam. In [[London]] he also laid the foundation stone of the [[Fazl Mosque, London|Fazl Mosque]], an occasion which was well publicised. The construction of the Mosque was completed in 1926 and the cost thereof was borne entirely by the women of the community.<ref>[http://www.alislam.org/library/history/ahmadiyya/61.html A Brief History of Ahmadiyya Movement in Islam: First Journey to London]. Alislam.org. Retrieved on 2021-07-08.</ref> Later he also visited [[Pevensey]] in order to carry out a ritual imitation of [[William the Conqueror]] believing his visit to carry a mystical significance in fulfillment of its spiritual one in lieu of a vision he had seen before his departure, in India.<ref>Shahid, Dost Mohammad. [http://alislam.org/urdu/pdf/Tarikh-e-Ahmadiyyat-V04.pdf Tarikh e Ahmadiyyat]. vol IV. pp. 454–455.</ref> Whilst in [[Brighton]] he also paid a visit to the Memorial to Britain's Fallen Comrades-in-Arms from India during [[World War I]] known as [[Chattri (Brighton)]] and led prayers in the ground in front of the [[Brighton Pavilion]].

===The All India Kashmir Committee===

In 1931 the [[All India Kashmir Committee]] was set up for the establishment of the civil rights of the Muslims of Kashmir and to alleviate their oppression. Mahmood Ahmad was elected its first president. He sought to gather Muslim leaders with different opinions on one platform and strive unitedly for the cause of the Muslims of Kashmir. He is known to have achieved great success in doing so. The committee turned the attention of the Muslims of Kashmir towards acquiring education and Mahmood Ahmad himself gave practical help towards this cause. It also encouraged trade, commerce and involvement in politics among the Muslims of Kashmir.<ref>Sawan-e-Fazl-e-Umar, vol.3, p.260</ref>

The committee however faced strong opposition from the [[Indian National Congress]] and the Ahrari campaign against the Ahmadiyya. The Ahrar alleged that the formation of the committee took place by the Ahmadiyya in order to spread its teachings and strongly opposed the leadership of Mahmood Ahmad. In an address to a gathering in 1931 Mahmood advised the Ahrar's thus:

{{Quotation|I admonish the Ahrari's that if there is any among them present here, they should go and tell their friends! I care not in the least about these stones and for this reason am not angered with them. They should stop this hearsay for the sake of the oppressed brothers of Kashmir. Let them come; I am ready to leave presidency but they must promise that they will follow the decision of the majority of Muslims. Today we have seen their morals, let them come and see our morals too. I assure them that even after stepping down from presidency, me and my community shall help them (the people of Kashmir) more than their associates. Presidency is not a thing of respect for me. Respect is gained from service. The leader of a nation is one who serves it ...|Sawan-e-Fazl-e-Umar<ref>Sawan-e-Fazl-e-Umar, Vol.3, p.258-259</ref>}}

Mahmood Ahmad resigned from presidency in 1932 due to the agitations of the Ahrar party.

===Persecution===

The [[Majlis-e-Ahrar-ul-Islam]], were a short lived separatist political movement who were former [[Khilafat movement|Khalifites]]. They differed with the Indian National Congress over certain issues and afterwards announced the formation of their party in a meeting at Lahore in 1931. Freely funded by the Congress, the [[Majlis-e-Ahrar-ul-Islam|Ahrar]] were also opposed to the policies of the Muslims League. They declared that their objectives were to guide the Muslims of India on matters of nationalism as well as religion and violently opposed the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community in India on a political level. In 1931 they held a series of conferences and a strong legal protest nearby Qadian where they are reported to have incited hatred against the Ahmadiyya. These were followed by incidents of severe persecution against Ahmadis, many of whom were reported to have been attacked, beaten, stoned, looted and their mosques occupied in a number of places.<ref>[http://www.law.harvard.edu/students/orgs/hrj/iss16/khan.shtml Persecution of the Ahmadiyya Community in Pakistan: An Analysis Under International Law and International Relations]. Law.harvard.edu. Retrieved on 2021-07-08.</ref> Mahmood Ahmad advised all Ahmadis not to retaliate, instructed concentration on prayer and explained that passing through periods of persecution was inevitable for the Community.

{{Quotation|We have to accept our obligations if we are called upon to sacrifice our spiritual or physical lives or suffer torture at the hands of those who oppose us. Victory achieved without sacrifice is hollow. Sacrifice is the life-blood of divine dispensation. When Moses saw the fire, God said to him ''Verily I am your Lord'' indicating that if he wanted to reach God, he would have to pass through it. Hence you too will have to pass through fire and other such dangers on the path to success.|Al-Fadhl<ref>Al-Fadhl, 13 December 1934, p.11</ref>}}

===The 'New Scheme'===
[[File:Fazl Moschee.JPG|thumb|The [[Fazl Mosque, London|Fazl Mosque]] in London, established in 1924]]
In 1934 Mahmood Ahmad claimed to have been divinely inspired to launch a twofold scheme for the establishment of foreign missions and the moral upbringing of Ahmadis. This initiative called upon members to volunteer themselves for missionary work, and to donate money towards a special fund for propagation in foreign countries during the course of which 46 foreign missions were established.

The ''Tehrik-e-Jedid'' and ''[[Waqf-e-Jadid|Waqf-e-Jedid]]'' or the 'new scheme' and the 'new dedication' respectively, initially seen as a spiritual battle against the oppressors of the Ahmadis, placed before them a number of demands and restriction such as leading simple lives, restrictions against eating, clothing etc.; a temporary ban on all forms of luxury and entertainment. It called upon the members of the Community to dedicate their time and money for the sake of their faith. In time the scheme produced a vast amount of literature in defence of Islam in general and the Ahmadiyya beliefs in particular. The funds were also spent on the training and dispatching of Ahmadiyya missionaries outside the Indian sub-continent and their sustenance. As part of this Mahmood Ahmad appointed 5 men to survey the Punjab in order to find out the best way of disseminating the Ahmadiyya teachings. For the first time an organised method of training members of the community for becoming missionaries was established. Addressing the Ahrari opposition Mahmood said:

{{Quotation|In order to expand the propagation of Islam I have urged the youth to come forward and dedicate their lives for the service of religion. Hundreds of young people have already responded to my call. These graduates are given only 15 rupees a month as an allowance. This is a small allowance that barely caters for their basic needs. Yet living on that paltry sum they travel to other countries and propagate the message of Islam. I invited the members of the Community to come forward and make financial contributions, at the same time I said that the time had not yet come for greater sacrifices. I appealed for only 27,000 rupees whereas the community promised 108,000 rupees out of which more than 82,000 rupees have already been received.|Friday sermon, 27 September 1935<ref>Friday sermon, 25 September 1935, Al-Fadhl 6 October 1935, p.5</ref>}}

As well as administering proselytisation the scheme also carried the responsibility of a more internal aspect and called upon members of the Community to dedicate their lives for the teaching and moral upbringing of Ahmadis themselves in rural places within India. Later, permanent offices of this scheme were established. The scheme was to grow into international proportions during the leadership of later Caliphs of the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community.<ref>{{cite web|title=Significant events of his Caliphate {{!}} Islam Ahmadiyya|url=https://www.alislam.org/book/brief-history-ahmadiyya-muslim/significant-events-caliphate/|access-date=2020-10-19|language=en}}</ref>

===Auxiliary Organisations===

With the expansion of the Community's numbers and work, Mahmood Ahmad established separate auxiliary organisations based on age and gender. The ''[[Lajna Imaillah|Lajna Amaa' illah]]'' for women above the age of fifteen was established in 1922 and the ''Nasiratul Ahmadiyya'' for girls aged seven to fifteen years in 1938. The men were divided into three groups, the ''[[Khuddam-ul Ahmadiyya]]'' for young men aged fifteen to forty; the ''Atfalul Ahmadiyya'' for boys aged seven to fifteen, both established in 1938; and the ''[[Ansarullah (Ahmadiyya)|Ansarullah]]'' for men above the age of forty which was established in 1940. Mahmood Ahmad's main objective in doing so was for the Community to maintain the highest level of activity, both in terms of the religious and moral training of its members and in the propagation of Islam. Further, the Community was organised as such with the view that its members would be able to work more freely and comfortably within their own respective circles and age groups.<ref>Rahman, Mujeebur (2012), [https://www.alislam.org/library/books/Fazl-e-Umar.pdf ''Fazl-e-Umar: Hadhrat Mirza Bashiruddin Mahmud Ahmad''], Tilford: Islam International, p. 345. {{ISBN|978-0-85525-995-2}}</ref>

===The Hijri-Shamsi calendar===
The [[Gregorian Calendar]] is based on the solar movements and starts with the birth of [[Jesus]], while the [[Islamic calendar|Hijri]] (Islamic) calendar is based on lunar movements and starts with the migration of [[Muhammad]] form [[Mecca]] to [[Medina]], which occurred in 622.

In 1940 under the directives and supervision of Mahmood Ahmad, after much research and calculations, a new calendar was worked out, the Hijri-Shamsi (solar-Hegira) calendar. Although this calendar is based on solar calculations, however it starts form the migration of Muhammad instead of the birth of Jesus. According to this method 2008 [[common era|CE]] corresponds to 1387 Hijri-Shamsi (abbreviated as '''HS'''), i.e. 1,387 years have passed since the migration of Muhammad from Mecca to Medina. The number and time frame of each month of this calendar is the same as the Christian calendar (the lunar month being shorter by some days than the solar one).<ref>[http://www.alislam.org/library/history/ahmadiyya/73.html A Brief History of Ahmadiyya Movement in Islam: Hijri – Shamsi Calendar]. Alislam.org. Retrieved on 2021-07-08.</ref> Each month of the Solar-Hegira calendar is based on an important event of early Islamic History:
# '''[[Sulh]]''' (peace): January
# '''[[Dawah|Tableegh]]''' (preaching): February
# '''[[Aman (Islam)|Amaan]]''' (protection): March
# '''[[Shaheed|Shahadat]]''' (martyrdom): April
# '''[[Hijrah|Hijrat]]''' (Migration): May
# '''[[Ihsan|Ihsaan]]''' (benevolence): June
# '''[[Loyalty|Wafaa]]''' (loyalty): July
# '''Zahoor''' (appearance): August
# '''[[Verse of Brotherhood|Ikhaa]]''' (brotherhood): September
# '''Tabuk''' ([[Expedition of Tabuk]]): October
# '''[[Prophets and messengers in Islam|Nabuwwat]]''' (prophethood): November
# [[Al-Fatah al-Mubin|Fath]] (victory): December

===The Promised Son===

In a series of public gatherings across India in 1944, he made the claim that he was the 'Promised Son' foretold by his father Mirza Ghulam Ahmad. He explained in a number of meetings held in various places in India that this claim was based on revelations and dreams. He clarified that he wasn't the only Promised Son, and other 'Promised Sons' would appear in accordance with prophecies, some even after centuries. He also prophesied that he would, as it were, return in the form of another Promised Son for the reform of the world at a time when [[shirk (Islam)|shirk]] (polytheism) would have become widespread.

He also managed the translation and publication of the Qur´an into various languages. His ten-volume “[[Tafseer-e-Kabeer]]” is a complete commentary on the Qur´an. His scholarship of religious and secular subjects was well known among the literary circles. He delivered a series of famous lectures on a variety of topics in educational institutions which were attended by the intellectuals and leaders of that time.


===Migration to Pakistan===
[[File:Musleh Maood.jpg|thumb|Mirza Mahmood Ahmad in 1954]]
In 1947 following the [[Partition of India|independence]] of [[Pakistan]] in 1947. He carefully oversaw the emigration of members of the community from [[Qadian]] to Pakistan. He kept 313 men known as ''Dervishes'' in Qadian to guard the sites holy to Ahmadis, including two of his sons. Initially the Community settled at [[Lahore]] and it wasn't until 1948 that the Community found a tract of arid land and built the town of [[Rabwah]] under the leadership of the Khalifa. Rabwah swiftly developed into the Community's new headquarters. In [[Pakistan]], Mahmood Ahmad delivered a series of lectures on the future of Pakistan in terms of:
*Defence
*Agriculture and industry
*Forestation
*Livestock and mineral assets
*Economic growth
*Development of land air and naval forces.

===The 1953 riots===
{{main|1953 Lahore riots}}
In 1953 there were agitations against the Ahmadis in which street protests were held, political rallies were carried out and inflammatory articles were published. These agitations led to 2,000 Ahmadiyya deaths. Consequently, martial law was established and the federal cabinet was dismissed by the Governor General.<ref>[http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?frd/cstdy:@field(DOCID+pk0121) Library of Congress Country Studies: Pakistan – Jamaat-i-Islami]. Lcweb2.loc.gov. Retrieved on 2021-07-08.</ref>

Mirza Mahmood Ahmad announced:
:"God Almighty has established the Ahmadiyya Jamaat. If these people win then we admit we were on the wrong path, but if we are on the right path, then they will assuredly fail". ([[The Daily Alfazal|Al-Fazl]], 15 February 1953).

===Assassination attempt===

On 10 March 1954, a man was able to stand in the first row behind Mahmood Ahmad during [[Asr]] prayer. Immediately after the prayer had ended, the man lunged and attacked him by stabbing him twice with a dagger in the neck near the head. He sustained severe injuries but survived. After recovering partially, he traveled to [[Europe]] for further medical and surgical treatment due to constant discomfort and unease. Briefly staying in [[Lebanon]], Mahmood Ahmad travelled to [[Switzerland]] via [[Athens]] and [[Rome]]. He continued travelling and received some medical treatment in [[Zurich]], the [[Netherlands]], [[Hamburg]] and [[London]]. After consulting with his doctors, it was concluded by that the tip of the knife had broken and embedded itself in the jugular vein and that no attempt should be made to remove it.

During his travels, Mahmood Ahmad had also inspected the various missions of the [[Ahmadiyya Muslim Community]] in Europe and visited [[Venice]] and [[Austria]]. In London, Mahmood Ahmad held a conference of all missionaries stationed in Europe and visited various other European countries.<ref name="khalifat2">{{cite web | url=http://www.alislam.org/library/links/00000082.html | title=Re-Institution of Khilafat | access-date=13 March 2011 | author=Khan, Muhammad Zafrullah | date=Spring 1995 | publisher=Al-Nahl}}</ref>

==Death==

Over the years, Mahmood Ahmad's health continued a prolonged process of slow but progressive decline. He died on 8 November 1965 at 2:20 a.m., in [[Rabwah]], Pakistan. Upon the election of [[Mirza Nasir Ahmad]] as [[Khalifatul Masih]] III, his successor led the funeral prayer. The service was held on 9 November 1965 and attended by over 50,000 people. He was buried in [[Bahishti Maqbara]] in Rabwah next to his mother, [[Nusrat Jahan Begum]].

==Works and speeches==

The following is a list of some of the major works of Mirza Mahmood Ahmad.

* [[Tafsir-i Kabir (Ahmadiyya)|Tafseer-e-Kabeer]] (The Extensive Commentary)
* [[Tafseer-e-Sagheer]] (The Short Commentary)
* [http://www.alislam.org/library/books/Introduction-Study-Holy-Quran.pdf Introduction to the study of the Holy Qur'an]
* [http://www.alislam.org/books/invitation/index.html Invitation to Ahmadiyyat]
* [http://www.alislam.org/library/books/Tuhfa-Tul-Muluk-20081008MN.pdf Gift to the Kings]
* [http://www.alislam.org/library/books/newworldorder/Nizam-e-Nau.pdf The New World Order of Islam]
* ''Islam ka Iqdisadi Nizam'' (The Economic System of Islam)
* [http://www.alislam.org/book/muhammad-in-bible/ Muhammad in the Bible]
* ''Haqeeqat al-Nabuwwat'' (The Truth about Prophethood)
* ''Ser-e-Roohani'' (The spiritual Journey)
* [http://www.alislam.org/library/books/Ahmadiyyat-or-The-True-Islam-20080506MN.pdf Ahmadiyyat, the True Islam]
* [http://www.alislam.org/library/books/Real-Revolution.pdf The Real Revolution]
* ''Fazail al-Qur'an'' (Excellences of the Qur'an)
* [http://www.alislam.org/library/books/Muhammad-the-liberator-of-women.html Muhammad the Liberator of Women]
* ''Hindustan ke Siyasi Masael ka hal'' (Solution to the political problems of India)
* ''Hasti-ye Bari Ta'ala'' (The Existence of God)
* ''Malaykatullah'' (The Angels of God)
* [http://www.alislam.org/library/books/Did-Jesus-Redeem-Mankind-20080610MN.pdf Did Jesus Redeem Mankind?]
* [http://www.alislam.org/library/books/Truth-about-the-Split.pdf ''The Truth about the Split'']
* [http://www.alislam.org/books/seekers/index.htm Way of the Seekers]
* [http://www.alislam.org/books/remembranceofallah/rememberance%20of%20Allah.pdf Remembrance of Allah]
*[http://www.alislam.org/library/books/Life-of-Muhammad.pdf Life of Muhammad]
* Hadhrat Ahmad
* ''Kalam-e-Mahmood'' (collection of Poetry of Mahmood)

==Family, marriages and children==
Mirza Mahmood Ahmad was the eldest son of [[Mirza Ghulam Ahmad]] from his second wife [[Nusrat Jahan Begum]]. He had three brothers and two sisters in addition to two half-brothers from his father's first wife, Hurmat Bibi. Mahmood Ahmad married seven times, never having more than four wives at a time in accordance with Islamic teachings. He had a total of twenty-eight children from these wives, five of whom died in infancy. Through his marriage with Amtul Hai in 1914, he also became the son-in-law of [[Hakeem Noor-ud-Din|Hakim Noor-ud-Din]], the first caliph of the Ahmadiyya movement.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Rahman|first=Mujeebur|title=Fazl-e-Umar|publisher=Islam International Publications|year=2012|isbn=978-0-85525-995-2|location=UK|pages=224, 225}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Cited sources==
{{refbegin}}
* {{Cite book
|last = Friedmann
|first = Yohanan
|year = 2003
|title = Prophecy Continuous: Aspects of Ahmadi Religious Thought and Its Medieval Background
|publisher = Oxford University Press
|place = Oxford
|isbn = 0-19-566252-0
|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=rv8EAAAACAAJ&q=Prophecy+Continuous
}}
* {{Cite book
|last = Gilham
|first = Jamie
|year = 2014
|title = Loyal Enemies: British Converts to Islam, 1850-1950
|publisher = Oxford University Press
|place = New York
|isbn = 978-1-84904-275-8
|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=ggQqBgAAQBAJ
}}
* {{Cite book
|last = Gualtieri
|first = Antonio R
|year = 1989
|title = Conscience and Coercion: Ahmadi Muslims and Orthodoxy in Pakistan
|publisher = Guernica Editions
|place = Montreal
|isbn = 978-0-920717-41-7
|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=iCwHaOabz7YC&pg=PA15
}}
* {{Cite book
|last = Khan
|first = Adil Hussain
|year = 2015
|title = From Sufism to Ahmadiyya: A Muslim Minority Movement in South Asia
|publisher = Indiana University Press
|place = Bloomington
|isbn = 978-0-253-01529-7
|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=C2DxBwAAQBAJ
}}
*{{Cite journal
|last = Lathan
|first = Andrea
|year = 2008
|journal = Die Welt des Islams
|title = The Relativity of Categorizing in the Context of the Aḥmadiyya
|publisher = Brill
|volume= 48
|issue = 3/4
|pages = 372–393
|doi = 10.1163/157006008X364749
|jstor = 27798273
}}
* {{Cite book
|last = Qasmi
|first = Ali Usman
|year = 2015
|title = The Ahmadis and the Politics of Religious Exclusion in Pakistan
|publisher = Anthem Press
|place = London
|isbn = 978-1-78308-425-8
|url =https://books.google.com/books?id=F_o1DgAAQBAJ
}}
* {{Cite book
|last = Valentine
|first = Simon Ross
|year = 2008
|title = Islam and the Ahmadiyya Jama'at: History, Belief, Practice
|publisher = HURST
|place = London
|isbn = 978-1-85065-916-7
|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=MdRth02Q6nAC
}}
{{refend}}

== External links ==
{{Commons category|Mirza Baschir ud-Din Mahmud Ahmad}}
{{Wikiquote}}
* [https://rehanqayoompoet.blogspot.com/p/blog-page.html The English Writings of Hazrat Khalifatul Masih II]
*[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cEyZBlP_gwo Life Sketch of Mirza Basheer-ud-Din Mahmood Ahmad]
*[https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLGdaBSzOfqS35JnRr7X2vY23nNXTXMtY_ Audio Addresses of Hazrat Khalifatul Masih II]
{{Ahmadiyya topics|state=collapsed}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ahmad, Mirza Basheer-Ud-Din Mahmood}}
[[Category:Ahmadiyya Caliphate|Basheer-ud-Din Mahmood Ahmad]]
[[Category:1889 births]]
[[Category:1965 deaths]]
[[Category:Ahmadiyyah caliphs]]
[[Category:People from Punjab Province (British India)]]
[[Category:Pakistani Ahmadis]]
[[Category:Family of Mirza Ghulam Ahmad]]

Ozar

2026-02-03T20:17:31Z

Vikiknl: put up new post

'''Ozar''' may refer to:
* [[Ozar, Iran]]
* [[Ozar, Madhya Pradesh]], in Barwani District of Madhya Pradesh, India
* [[Ozar, Nashik District]], Maharashtra, India
* Ozar, Pune District famous for its [[Vigneshwara Temple, Ozar]], India
* [[Ozar Hatorah]], an Orthodox Jewish educational institution
* [[Louna Ozar]] (born 2004), Filipina–French basketball player

==See also==
* [[Şemsa Özar]] (died 2026), Turkish development economist and academic
* [[Ozara (disambiguation)]]

{{disamb|geo|surname}}

Korutla Stepwell

2026-01-28T11:07:12Z

Vikiknl: New a info

{{Infobox historic site
| name = Korutla Stepwell
| native_name = కోరుట్ల మెట్లబావి
| coordinates = {{coord|18.819221784519534|N|78.71485483819446|E|display=inline,title}}
| locmapin = India Telangana#India
| map_caption = Location in [[Telangana]]##Location in India
| location = [[Korutla]], [[Telangana]], [[India]]
| restored = 2023
| restored_by = Pratistha, [[Archaeological Survey of India]]
| governing_body = [[Government of Telangana]]
| built = 11th century
| native_language = Te
| caption = Korutla Stepwell (also called as Metla Baavi or Koneru) constructed during 10th century.
| image = Korutla Stepwell.jpg
}}

'''Korutla Stepwell''' (also called as Metla Baavi or Koneru) is a [[stepwell]] in the town of [[Korutla]], located in the [[Jagtial district]] of the [[India]]n state of [[Telangana]]. It was constructed during the 11th century by Polvasa rulers who were [[Jainism|Jaina]] patrons of the stepwell. The stepwell had many purposes such as providing water for daily chores, being a place of retreat for travelers, and a place where [[Bathukamma]] was celebrated. In 2023, the Korutla Municipality along with Pratistha, a team of architects and urbanists from Hyderabad, took on the restoration project.

== History ==
The Korutla Stepwell was built in the 11th century by the [[Kalachuris of Kalyani|Polavasa rulers]] to supply water and serve as a resting place for travelers.<ref name="HansIndia">{{Cite web |last=Kumar |first=Akhil |date=2023-05-08 |title=Hyderabad: Korutla stepwell regains its past glory |url=https://www.thehansindia.com/telangana/hyderabad-korutla-stepwell-regains-its-past-glory-796381 |access-date=2025-07-11 |website=www.thehansindia.com |language=en}}</ref> Over time it fell into disuse and the precinct became a dumping yard as local residents discarded waste on the site.<ref name="TNIE">{{Cite web |last=Saila |first=Niharika |date=2023-05-10 |title=Hyderabad architects take up restoration of Korutla stepwell |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/hyderabad/2023/May/09/hyderabad-architects-take-up-restoration-of-korutla-stepwell-2573672.html |access-date=2025-07-11 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> In April 2023, a team of architects and heritage enthusiasts from Pratistha documented the structure and its surroundings using drone photography.<ref name="HansIndia"/> Later that year the [[Korutla|Korutla Municipality]] cleared debris, installed fencing, and began conservation work under a heritage-restoration project supported by state authorities.<ref name="TelanganaToday">{{Cite web |date=2023-05-06 |title=Jagtial: Korutla stepwell restoration progressing fast |url=https://telanganatoday.com/jagtial-korutla-stepwell-restoration-progressing-fast |access-date=2025-07-11 |website=Telangana Today |language=en}}</ref>

== Architecture ==
The stepwell is a rectangular pushkarini measuring about 12 m by 8 m with five descending levels of broad stone steps bordered by plain stone walls. Each level features regularly spaced niches that once held oil lamps to illuminate the stairways at night. At the base is a water tank lined with dressed stone blocks and fitted with drainage channels to manage monsoon overflow.<ref name="HansIndia"/> The uppermost landing retains evidence of a former mandapa entrance framed by bracketed stone supports and simple corbelled arches. Continuous stone banding marks each tier line and provides visual cohesion while protecting the carvings and masonry from weathering.<ref name="TelanganaToday"/>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Stepwells]]
[[Category:Stepwells in India]]
[[Category:Jagtial district]]
[[Category:Archaeological sites in Telangana]]
[[Category:Monuments and memorials in Telangana]]
[[Category:Indian architectural history]]

M. G. Chakrapani

2026-01-15T11:12:32Z

Vikiknl:

{{short description|Indian actor (1911- 1986)}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2016}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2016}}
{{Infobox person
| name = M. G. Chakrapani
| image = M. G. Chakrapani.jpg
| caption =
| birth_name = Maruthur Gopalan Neelakandan (Stage Name Chakrapani)
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1911|1|13|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Vadavannur]] [[Palakkad]] (Madras presidency), [[British Raj|British India]]
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1986|8|17|1911|1|13|df=y}}
| death_place = [[Chennai]], [[Tamil Nadu]], India
| years_active = 1936–1986
| spouse = Meenakshi Neelakandan
| other names = Ettan
| relatives = [[M. G. Ramachandran]] (brother)
| occupation = [[Actor]], [[film producer]]
| children = 10
}}

'''Maruthur Gopalan Neelakandan''' '''M. G. Chakrapani''' stage name (13 January 1911- 17 August 1986), commonly known as '''Eattan''' ("elder brother" in [[Malayalam]]), was an Indian actor and producer based in the [[Tamil cinema|Tamil film industry]]. He was the elder brother of actor-politician [[M. G. Ramachandran]].<ref name="HINDU">{{Cite news |last=Guy |first=Randor |author-link=Randor Guy |date=16 February 2012 |title=Fame eluded this sibling of an icon |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/fame-eluded-this-sibling-of-an-icon/article2899646.ece |url-status=live |access-date=29 October 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181023162245/https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/fame-eluded-this-sibling-of-an-icon/article2899646.ece |archive-date=23 October 2018}}</ref>

== Early life ==
Chakrapani was born in [[Vadavannur]], [[Palakkad]] ([[Madras Presidency]] now [[Kerala]]), on 13 January 1911. His parents, Gopala Menon and Sathyabhama, named him Neelakantan, but this was soon changed to Chakrapani because of his father's religious beliefs. Soon after his birth, the family migrated to Ceylon (now [[Sri Lanka]]) where Chakrapani's two younger siblings (brother [[M. G. Ramachandran]] and a sister) were born. Gopala Menon worked as a magistrate in [[Kandy]], until he suffered an early death. Chakrapani's sister also died while they were in Ceylon.<ref name="HINDU" />

Sathyabhama took her sons to [[Kumbakonam]] to be close to her brother. Chakrapani studied at Yanaiadi School, but left after the seventh grade. His mother then enrolled him and Ramachandran in the Madurai Original Boys Company (MOBC), a professional Tamil theatre company.

== Career ==
Chakrapani made his Tamil cinema debut in ''[[Iru Sahodarargal]]'' in 1936. ''[[Maya Machhindra]]'' and ''[[Tamizhariyum Perumal]]'' came next, where he began to be known as a character actor. His breakout role came in 1944 with ''[[Mahamaya (film)|Mahamaya]]''. His character, Neelan, is believed to have been modelled after the Indian philosopher [[Chanakya]].<ref name="HINDU" /> Though ''Mahamaya'' was a box office failure, Chakrapani's lines continue to be spoken. His acting in the role of police inspector in Malai kallan and as villain in En Thangai are notable. He had a very good role in Nadodi Mannan. His big success came some years later with ''[[Thaai Magalukku Kattiya Thaali]]'', where he again played a villain.<ref name="HINDU" />

Later in his career, Chakrapani transitioned from actor to director and producer, managing his brother's career. Chakrapani worked with his brother on several projects which failed to see the light of day. One such film, ''Bhavani'' had Ramachandran in the lead role. It was written by A. K. Velan, directed by Masthan, with Chakrapani producing. Years later, Chakrapani tried again, this time taking the director's seat in the renamed ''[[Arasa Kattalai]]''. It was a success.<ref name="HINDU" />

== Personal life and death ==
Chakrapani was married to Meenakshi. They had 10 children together including seven sons and three daughters. Chakrapani died on 17 August 1986 at the age of 75.<ref name="HINDU" />

== Filmography ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Year
!Film
!Roles
!Notes
!Ref.
|-
|1936
|''[[Iru Sahodarargal]]''
|Police inspector
|Billed as G. Chakrapani
|<ref>{{Cite news |date=14 August 2009 |title=Iru Sahodarargal 1936 |url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-cinemaplus/iru-sahodarargal-1936/article3021811.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170602162908/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-cinemaplus/iru-sahodarargal-1936/article3021811.ece |archive-date=2 June 2017 |access-date=29 November 2020 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref>
|-
|1939
|''[[Maya Machhindra]]''
|
|
|<ref>{{Cite news |last=Guy |first=Randor |author-link=Randor Guy |date=25 January 2014 |title=Maya Machhindra (1939) |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/cinema-columns/maya-machhindra-1939/article5617395.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201013171709/https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/cinema-columns/maya-machhindra-1939/article5617395.ece |archive-date=13 October 2020 |access-date=29 November 2020 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref>
|-
|1939
|''[[Jothi (1939 film)|Jothi]]''
|
|
|<ref>{{Cite news |last=Guy |first=Randor |author-link=Randor Guy |date=4 October 2014 |title=Jothi 1939 |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/cinema-columns/blast-from-the-past-jothi-1939/article6471409.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210309101926/https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/cinema-columns/blast-from-the-past-jothi-1939/article6471409.ece |archive-date=9 March 2021 |access-date=29 November 2020 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref>
|-
|1942
|''[[Tamizhariyum Perumal]]''
|
|
|<ref>{{Cite news |last=Guy |first=Randor |author-link=Randor Guy |date=7 May 2011 |title=Thamizh Ariyum Perumal 1942 |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/thamizh-ariyum-perumal-1942/article1998955.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210421131830/https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/thamizh-ariyum-perumal-1942/article1998955.ece |archive-date=21 April 2021 |access-date=29 November 2020 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref>
|-
|1944
|''[[Mahamaya (film)|Mahamaya]]''
|Neelan
|
|<ref>{{Cite news |last=Guy |first=Randor |author-link=Randor Guy |date=4 September 2010 |title=Mahamaya 1944 |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/Mahamaya-1944/article12572634.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170121094043/http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/Mahamaya-1944/article12572634.ece |archive-date=21 January 2017 |access-date=29 November 2020 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref>
|-
|1946
|''[[Sri Murugan]]''
|
|
|
|-
|1947
|''[[1000 Thalaivangi Apoorva Chinthamani]]''
|
|
|
|-
|1948
|''[[Abhimanyu (1948 film)|Abhimanyu]]''
|[[Balarama]]n
|
|<ref>{{Cite news |last=Guy |first=Randor |author-link=Randor Guy |date=2 October 2009 |title=Abhimanyu 1948 |url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-cinemaplus/abhimanyu-1948/article3021993.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200101004701/https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-cinemaplus/abhimanyu-1948/article3021993.ece |archive-date=1 January 2020 |access-date=29 November 2020 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref>
|-
|1948
|''[[Raja Mukthi]]''
|Minister
|
|
|-
|1950
|''[[Ponmudi (film)|Ponmudi]]''
|Tribal Chief
|
|<ref>{{Cite news |last=Guy |first=Randor |author-link=Randor Guy |date=3 October 2008 |title=Ponmudi 1950 |url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-cinemaplus/ponmudi-1950/article3023405.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181012090048/https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-cinemaplus/ponmudi-1950/article3023405.ece |archive-date=12 October 2018 |access-date=29 November 2020 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref>
|-
|1950
|''[[Thigambara Samiar]]''
|Magistrate Pattabhirama Pillai
|
|
|-
|1950
|''[[Maruthanad Elavarasee]]''
|Minister
|
|<ref>{{Cite news |last=Guy |first=Randor |author-link=Randor Guy |date=2011-01-08 |title=Blast from the past - Maruthanaatu Ilavarasi (1950) |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/Blast-from-the-past-Maruthanaatu-Ilavarasi-1950/article15511688.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210818032907/https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/Blast-from-the-past-Maruthanaatu-Ilavarasi-1950/article15511688.ece |archive-date=18 August 2021 |access-date=2021-08-18 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref>
|-
|1950
|''[[Ithaya Geetham]]''
|Minister
|
|<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B7JevgDCLbuNTnR6N2ZrTWVfUVE/view |title=Ithaya Geetham |publisher=Citadel Film Corporation |year=1950 |language=ta |type=[[song book]] |access-date=29 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210827070005/https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B7JevgDCLbuNTnR6N2ZrTWVfUVE/view |archive-date=27 August 2021 |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|1951
|''[[Vanasundari]]''
|
|
|
|-
|1952
|''[[Amarakavi]]''
|
|
|
|-
|1952
|''[[En Thangai (1952 film)|En Thangai]]''
|Rajendran's uncle
|
|<ref>{{Cite news |last=Guy |first=Randor |author-link=Randor Guy |date=28 November 2008 |title=En Thangai 1952 |url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-cinemaplus/en-thangai-1952/article3023607.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200101004643/https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-cinemaplus/en-thangai-1952/article3023607.ece |archive-date=1 January 2020 |access-date=29 November 2020 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref>
|-
|1952
|''[[Kalyani (1952 film)|Kalyani]]''
|Doctor
|
|<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B7JevgDCLbuNVnh2SW5xSlpoaEk/view |title=கல்யாணி |publisher=[[Modern Theatres]] |year=1952 |language=ta |type=[[song book]] |access-date=29 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191222060606/https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B7JevgDCLbuNVnh2SW5xSlpoaEk/view |archive-date=22 December 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|1953
|''[[Naam (1953 film)|Naam]]''
|Sanjeevi
|
|<ref>{{Cite news |last=Guy |first=Randor |author-link=Randor Guy |date=29 December 2012 |title=Naam (1953) |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/naam-1953/article4252688.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201214080606/https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/naam-1953/article4252688.ece |archive-date=14 December 2020 |access-date=29 November 2020 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref>
|-
|1954
|''[[Malaikkallan]]''
|Sub Inspector
|
|<ref>{{Cite news |date=24 July 1954 |title=Malaikkallan |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=P9oYG7HA76QC&dat=19540724&printsec=frontpage&hl=en |access-date=29 November 2020 |work=[[The Indian Express]] |pages=3}}{{cbignore}}</ref>
|-
|1954
|''[[En Magal]]''
|[[wiktionary:mirasdar|Mirasdar]]
|
|<ref>{{Cite news |last=Guy |first=Randor |author-link=Randor Guy |date=15 June 2013 |title=En Magal (1955) |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/cinema-columns/en-magal-1955/article4817408.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210627223840/https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/cinema-columns/en-magal-1955/article4817408.ece |archive-date=27 June 2021 |access-date=29 November 2020 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref>
|-
|1956
|''[[Alibabavum 40 Thirudargalum (1956 film)|Alibabavum 40 Thirudargalum]]''
|[[List of One Thousand and One Nights characters#Cassim|Amir Kasim Khan]]
|
|<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/Alibabavum40Thirudargalum1956Songbook |title=அலிபாபாவும் 40 திருடர்களும் |publisher=[[Modern Theatres]] |year=c. 1956 |language=Tamil |trans-title=Alibaba and the Forty Thieves |type=[[song book]]}}</ref>
|-
|1957
|''[[Raja Rajan (film)|Raja Rajan]]''
|Uthselan Kavirayar
|
|
|-
|1958
|''[[Nadodi Mannan]]''
|Karmegam
|
|<ref>{{Cite book |last=Film News Anandan |url=http://www.lakshmansruthi.com/cineprofiles/nadodi_mannan16.asp |title=சாதனைகள் படைத்த தமிழ்த் திரைப்பட வரலாறு – நாடோடி மன்னன் பற்றி எம்.ஜி.ஆர். – வீரப்பாவை சிரிக்கச் சொல்லவில்லை! |date=23 October 2004 |publisher=Sivakami Publishers |location=Chennai |language=Tamil |trans-title=History of Landmark Tamil Films – I never asked Veerappa to laugh! |access-date=29 November 2020 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20170614092145/http://www.lakshmansruthi.com/cineprofiles/nadodi_mannan16.asp |archive-date=14 June 2017 |url-status=usurped}}</ref>
|-
|1959
|''[[Thaai Magalukku Kattiya Thaali]]''
|Sundara Mudaliar
|
|<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B7JevgDCLbuNT1A4aXFLZ1JEMlU/view |title=தாய் மகளுக்கு கட்டிய தாலி |publisher=Kalpana Kala Mandir |year=1959 |language=ta |type=[[song book]] |access-date=29 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201208201543/https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B7JevgDCLbuNT1A4aXFLZ1JEMlU/view |archive-date=8 December 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|1959
|''[[Nalla Theerpu]]''
|
|
|<ref>{{Cite news |last=Guy |first=Randor |author-link=Randor Guy |date=17 August 2013 |title=Nalla Theerpu (1959) |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/cinema-columns/nalla-theerpu-1959/article5032262.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130822070447/http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/cinema-columns/nalla-theerpu-1959/article5032262.ece |archive-date=22 August 2013 |access-date=29 November 2020 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref>
|-
|1960
|''[[Raja Desingu]]''
|Nawab of Arcot
|
|<ref>{{Cite news |last=Guy |first=Randor |author-link=Randor Guy |date=15 August 2015 |title=Raja Desingu (1960) |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/tamil-film-raja-desinghu-1960-featuring-mgr/article7544279.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200101004641/https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/tamil-film-raja-desinghu-1960-featuring-mgr/article7544279.ece |archive-date=1 January 2020 |access-date=29 November 2020 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref>
|-
|1960
|''[[Mannathi Mannan]]''
|[[Karikala|King Karikala Chozhan]]
|
|<ref>{{Cite news |last=Guy |first=Randor |author-link=Randor Guy |date=28 April 2012 |title=Blast from the past: Mannaathi Mannan (1960) |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/blast-from-the-past-mannaathi-mannan-1960/article3363973.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20200211094143/https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/blast-from-the-past-mannaathi-mannan-1960/article3363973.ece |archive-date=11 February 2020 |access-date=29 November 2020 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref>
|-
|1962
|''[[Raani Samyuktha]]''
|
|
|<ref>{{Cite news |date=19 September 2015 |title=Rani Samyuktha (1962) |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/tamil-film-rani-samyuktha-1962/article7668441.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210603132713/https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/tamil-film-rani-samyuktha-1962/article7668441.ece |archive-date=3 June 2021 |access-date=18 August 2021 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref>
|-
|1967
|''[[Arasa Kattalai]]''
|
|Also director
|<ref>{{Cite news |last=Guy |first=Randor |author-link=Randor Guy |date=23 April 2016 |title=Arasa Kattalai (1967) |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/mgr-and-saroja-devi-in-arasa-kattalai-1967/article8513630.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160424085653/http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/mgr-and-saroja-devi-in-arasa-kattalai-1967/article8513630.ece |archive-date=24 April 2016 |access-date=29 November 2020 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref>
|-
|1969
|''[[Nam Naadu (1969 film)|Nam Naadu]]''
|
|Also producer
|
|-
|1972
|''[[Idhaya Veenai]]''
|Sivaraman
|
|
|-
|1974
|''[[Netru Indru Naalai (1974 film)|Netru Indru Naalai]]''
|Manavalan Thangappapuram
|
|
|-
|1975
|''[[Naalai Namadhe (1975 film)|Naalai Namadhe]]''
|
|
|
|}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
*{{IMDb name|0149833}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Chakrapani, M. G.}}
[[Category:1911 births]]
[[Category:1986 deaths]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian male actors]]
[[Category:Indian male film actors]]
[[Category:Male actors in Tamil cinema]]
[[Category:M. G. Ramachandran]]
[[Category:Actors from Thanjavur district]]
[[Category:People from Palakkad district]]

Elizabeth (1816 ship)

2025-12-16T22:52:49Z

Vikiknl: stub

{{Short description|Merchant ship built at Calcutta, British India (1816–1834)}}
{{other ships|List of ships named Elizabeth}}
{{EngvarB|date=December 2016}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2016}}
{{Infobox ship
|section1={{Infobox ship/image
|image=
|image_caption=
}}

|section2={{Infobox ship/career
|country=United Kingdom
|flag= [[File:Civil Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg|60px|United Kingdom civil ensign]]
|name=''Elizabeth''
|namesake=
|owner=Nichols & Co., (1834)
|builder=J.Gilmore & Co., [[List of shipyard locations on the Hooghly River in the early 19th Century|Clive Street]], Calcutta{{sfnp|Hackman|2001|pp=104-105}}
|laid_down=
|yard_number=
|launched=19 December 1816{{sfnp|Hackman|2001|p=273}}
|fate=Last listed in 1834
|notes=
}}

|section3={{Infobox ship/characteristics
|type=
|tons_burthen=504{{small|{{frac|86|94}}}}{{sfnp|Hackman|2001|p=273}} or 505, or 506,{{sfnp|Phipps|1840|p= 170}} or 520, or 527,{{sfnp|Bateson|1959|pp=296-7}} or 544<ref name=BL>[http://searcharchives.bl.uk/IAMS_VU2:IAMS045-001114952 British Library: ''Elizabeth'' (5).]</ref>{{sfnp|Hackman|2001|pp=104-105}} ([[Builder's Old Measurement|bm]])
|length=
|beam=
|draught=
|propulsion=Sail
|speed=
|complement=
|armament=
|notes=
}}
}}

'''''Elizabeth''''' was a merchant ship built at [[Kolkata|Calcutta]], British India, in 1816. She made one voyage transporting convicts from Ireland to Australia. She also made one voyage for the British [[East India Company]] (EIC). This was the last voyage that any vessel made for the EIC. ''Elizabeth'' is no longer listed after 1834.

==Career==
''Elizabeth'' spent much of her career trading between India and England under a license from the EIC.

Under the command of Walter Cock and surgeon Joseph Hughes, she left [[Cork (city)|Cork]], Ireland on 27 August 1827, and arrived in Sydney on 12 January 1828.{{sfnp|Bateson|1959|pp=296-7}} She embarked 194 female convicts and had two convict deaths en route.{{sfnp|Bateson|1959|p=331}} ''Elizabeth'' departed Port Jackson in April, bound for Mauritius.

Before she left, on 4 April at [[Garden Island, New South Wales]], the chief mate, Mr. Penberthy fought a duel with Mr. Atkins, the Third Mate. Mr. Chalmers, the Second Mate, was Atkins's second. Atkins shot Penberthy, who later died on ''Elizabeth''. The authorities arrested Atkins and Chalmers and indicted them for murder. On 2 May the jury found them guilty of manslaughter; they were sentenced to three months in gaol.<ref>''The Asiatic Journal and Monthly Register for British and Foreign ...'', Vol. 26, pp.624-5.</ref>

At some point she transferred her registry from Calcutta to [[Mumbai|Bombay]].{{sfnp|Phipps|1840|p= 170}} The ''East-India register and directory'' for 1827 listed her as registered at Calcutta with W. Swann, master, and Gilmore and Co., owners.{{sfnp|''East-India register and directory''|1827|p=154}} The ''East-India register and directory'' for 1829, however, had not yet picked her up.

The ''Register of Shipping'' for 1833 showed ''Elizabeth'', Craigie, master, and Nichols & Co., owner. Her trade was described as London—New South Wales, changing to London—China.<ref>[https://hdl.handle.net/2027/mdp.39015024214481?urlappend=%3Bseq=201 ''Register of shipping'' (1833), seq. №E423.]</ref>

Captain John Craigie sailed from [[The Downs (ship anchorage)|the Downs]] on 25 July 1833, bound for China and Halifax.<ref name=BL/> Craigie died at sea on 2 August on the way to China.<ref>''Asiatic Journal and Monthly Register for British and Foreign ...'', Vol. 12, p.203.</ref>

By 5 December ''Elizabeth'' was at [[Kupang|Copang Bay]]. She arrived at [[Whampoa Anchorage]] on 2 February 1834. Outward bound, she crossed the [[Pearl River (China)|Second Bar]] on 12 March, reached [[Saint Helena]] on 19 June, and arrived at Halifax, Nova Scotia on 18 August.<ref name=BL/>

In August 1833 Parliament passed legislation that ended the EIC's monopoly on the China trade and the company ceased its mercantile operations. ''Elizabeth''{{'}}s voyage was the last voyage conducted under the EIC's auspices.{{sfnp|Hackman|2001|pp=104-105}}

''Elizabeth'' returned to London in December 1834. She is no longer listed in ''[[Lloyd's Register]]'' in 1835.

==Citations==
{{reflist|30em}}

==References==
* {{cite book |title =The Convict Ships, 1787-1868 | first =Charles | last =Bateson | year =1959 | publisher =Brown, Son & Ferguson | oclc =3778075}}
* {{cite book |last=Hackman |first=Rowan |year=2001 |title=Ships of the East India Company |location=Gravesend, Kent |publisher=World Ship Society |isbn=0-905617-96-7}}
* {{cite book|last=Phipps|first=John |year=1840|title=A Collection of Papers Relative to Ship Building in India ...: Also a Register Comprehending All the Ships ... Built in India to the Present Time ...|publisher=Scott}}
* {{cite book |ref={{SfnRef|''East-India register and directory''|1827}}|title=East-India Register and Directory |date=1827 |publisher=W.H. Allen |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8QYoAAAAYAAJ |language=en}}

{{italic title}}

[[Category:1816 ships]]
[[Category:British ships built in India]]
[[Category:Convict ships to New South Wales]]
[[Category:Age of Sail merchant ships]]
[[Category:Merchant ships of the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Ships of the British East India Company]]

Ashish

2025-12-05T03:22:53Z

Vikiknl:

'''Ashish''' or '''Aashish''' is a male given name common in [[India]] and [[Nepal]]. It is derived from the Sanskrit word ''ashish'', which means ''blessing'' or ''benediction''.

Notable people with name include the following:
*[[Aashish Rana]], Nepali singer and actor
*[[Aashish Chaudhary]], Indian film actor
*[[Aashish Kiphayet]], Bangladeshi Documentary photographer and audio-visual storyteller based in Washington, D.C.
*[[Aashish Kapoor]], Indian cricketer
*[[Ashish Bagai]], Canadian cricketer
*[[Ashish Chauhan]], Deputy Chief Executive Officer of Bombay Stock Exchange
*[[Ashish Jha]] Indian-American physician
*[[Aashish Khan]], Indian Classical Musician, Sarod Virtuoso
*[[Ashish Khetan]], Indian journalist and politician
*[[Ashish Kumar (gymnast)]], Indian gymnast
*[[Ashish Kumar Ballal]], Indian hockey and Arjuna awardee
*[[Ashish Nehra]], Indian cricketer, a bowler of fast-medium pace
*[[Ashish Patel]], Canadian cricketer, a medium pace bowler
*[[Ashish Sharma]], Indian actor
*[[Ashish Thakkar]], Founder of Mara Group
*[[Ashish Vidyarthi]], Indian actor
*[[Ashish Zaidi]], Indian cricketer

{{given name}}
[[Category:Indian given names]]

Srinivas Prabhu

2025-11-18T13:43:29Z

Vikiknl: minor edit

{{short description|Indian actor}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Srinivas Prabhu
| image = File:Srinivas Naik and other actors with Srinivas Prabhu.jpg
| alt =
| caption = Prabhu (in blue)
| birth_name =
| birth_date =
| birth_place =
| death_date =
| death_place =
| other_names =
| occupation = Film and Theatre actor
| years_active =
| known_for =
| notable_works =
}}
'''Srinivasa Prabhu''' is an Indian actor in the [[Kannada film industry]] and a [[Theatre of India|theatre]] artist in [[Karnataka]], India.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |url=http://www.chitratara.com/show-content.php?id=161&ptype=News&title=PRABHUGALU%2520CONTENT%2520MAN! |title=Kannada Movie/Cinema News - PRABHUGALU CONTENT MAN! - Chitratara.com |website=www.chitratara.com |publisher=Chitratara |location=Bangalore, Karnataka, India |publication-place=Bangalore |access-date=2019-03-09}}</ref> Some of the notable films of Srinivasa Prabhu as an actor include ''Bimba - Those 90 Minutes'' (2018),<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/going-solo/article24736048.ece |title=Going solo |last=R |first=Shilpa Sebastian |date=2018-08-20 |work=[[The Hindu]] |language=en-IN |access-date=2019-03-09}}</ref> ''[[Kanooru Heggadithi]]'' (1999), Hudugaru (2011), Humble Politician Nograj (2018) etc.

==Personal life==
Srinivasa Prabhu did his [[Master of Arts|MA]] from Central College in Bengaluru, securing the first rank (gold medal) in the state. He graduated from the prestigious [[National School of Drama]], New Delhi, in 1981.<ref name=":1"/>

==Career==
He worked as a voice-over dubbing artist for [[Ravi Chandran]] in most of his early blockbuster films such as [[Premaloka]], [[Anjada Gandu]] and [[Ranadheera]].<ref name=":0"/><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/srinivas-prabhu-may-dub-v-ravichandran-kurukshetra-82917 |title=Srinivas Prabhu may dub for V. Ravichandran for 'Kurukshetra' |date=12 June 2018 |website=www.thenewsminute.com |publisher=[[The News Minute]] |access-date=2019-03-09}}</ref> He was part of many soap/serials including ''Janani, Aasare, Sanje Mallige, [[Mukta (TV series)|Muktha]], Naaku Thanthi, Kutumba, Maneyondhu Mooru Bagilu, Gupthagamini, Kadambari, Geethanjali, Thakadhimi Thaa and Punyakoti'' etc.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/content/659785/master-all.html |title=Master of all |date=2018-02-16 |website=Deccan Herald |language=en |access-date=2019-03-09}}</ref><ref name=":2"/> At one point in the 2000s, it was nearly impossible to switch on a Kannada Daily Soap channel and not spot Mr. Prabhu, which led to him being given the title of "Kirutereya Badshah" ("King of the Small Screen" / "King of Television") by popular media publications.

He is also a [[Hindustani classical music|Hindustani]] singer, trained by the legendary's Shyamala Bhave. Srinivasa Prabhu has also written the lyrics for 13 songs in the play ''′Gulle Nari′'' (an adaptation of [[Benjamin Jonson]]'s ''′[[Volpone]]′'').<ref name=":1"/> He has also authored two cook books in Kannada under the title "Siri Paaka".

==Selected filmography==
{{Colbegin}}
* ''[[Adi Shankaracharya (film)|Adi Shankaracharya]]'' (1983)
* ''[[Accident (1985 film)|Accident]]'' (1985)
* ''[[Kanooru Heggadithi]]'' (1999)
* ''[[Mussanje]]'' (2001)
* ''Karmugilu'' (2002)
* ''[[Hubli (film)|Hubli]]'' (2006)
* ''[[Hudugaru]]'' (2011)
* ''[[Puttakkana Highway]]'' (2011)
* ''[[Prarthane]]'' (2012)
* ''[[Mr. and Mrs. Ramachari]]'' (2014)
* ''[[Male Nilluvavarege]]'' (2015)
* ''[[Karvva]]'' (2016)
* ''[[Smile Please (2017 film)|Smile Please]]'' (2017)
* ''[[Humble Politician Nograj]]'' (2018)
* ''[[Hyper (2018 film)|Hyper]]'' (2018)
* ''[[Shubhamangala (2022 film)|Shubhamangala]]'' (2022)
* ''[[The Devil (2025 film)|The Devil]]'' (2025)
{{Colend}}

== Awards and recognition ==

* Karnataka Nataka Academy Award (2008)
* URF World Record (2019) for 'Bimba' as the first single-shot, single-actor feature film in the world
* India Book of Records National Record for 'Bimba' (2019)
* 'Natya Shiromani' National Award, Orissa
* 'Rangashree Sagar' award for excellence in theatre
* 'Aryabhata - Best Actor Award' for 'Kutumba' (Udaya TV)
* Sandalwood Seva Ratna Award (2022)
* 'Best Regional Film award at Rajasthan International Film Festival (2019) for 'Bimba'
* 'Best Dialogue' award for 'Bimba' by Raghavendra Chitravani Samsthe
* Kannada International Music Award (KiMA) for 'Best Lyrics' and 'Best Music' in Theatre for the play 'Gulle Nari' (2014)

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Prabhu, Srinivas}}
[[Category:Male actors in Kannada cinema]]
[[Category:Indian male film actors]]
[[Category:Male actors from Karnataka]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian male actors]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian male actors]]
[[Category:Male actors in Kannada theatre]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

{{India-film-actor-stub}}
{{India-stage-actor-stub}}

Nagpur SEC railway division

2025-11-13T06:10:19Z

Vikiknl: fix information for accuracy

{{Short description|Railway division in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2016}}
{{Infobox station
| name = Nagpur
| type = Railway Division
| style = Indian Railways
| image =
| image_caption =
| address = [[Itwari railway station|Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose Itwari Junction Railway Station (NITR)]]
| country = India
| coordinates = {{coord|21|09|00|N| 79|08|00|E|display=inline}}
| elevation = {{convert|304|m|ft}}
| line = [[Howrah-Nagpur-Mumbai line]]
| other = [[Satpura Railway]], [[Nainpur–Chhindwara–Itwari line]]
| structure =
| platform =
| depth =
| levels =
| tracks =
| parking = Available
| bicycle =
| opened = 1 April 1952
| closed =
| rebuilt = 1 April 2003
| electrified = Yes
| accessible = Yes
| code =
| zone = [[South East Central Railway zone]]
| division =
| former =
| status = Functioning
| owned = [[Indian Railways]]
| operator = [[South East Central Railway zone|SECR]]
| passengers =
| pass_year =
| pass_percent =
| pass_system =
| mpassengers =
| services =
| map_type =
| map_dot_label =
}}

'''Nagpur SEC railway division''' is one of the three railway divisions under the jurisdiction of [[South East Central Railway zone]] of the [[Indian Railways]].<ref name="zones_and_divisions">{{cite web |title=Railway Zones and Divisions in The Country |url=https://pib.gov.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=168812. |website=Press Information Bureau |publisher=Ministry of Railways (Government of India) |access-date=1 January 2025 |date=21 July 2017}}</ref> This railway division was formed on 1 April 1952 and its headquarter is located at [[Nagpur]] in the state of Maharashtra in India.

[[Bilaspur railway division]] and [[Raipur railway division]] are the other two railway divisions under SECR Zone headquartered at [[Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh|Bilaspur]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Zones and their Divisions in Indian Railways |url=http://www.indianrail.gov.in/ir_zones.pdf |work=Indian Railways |access-date=13 January 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150319003737/http://www.indianrail.gov.in/ir_zones.pdf |archive-date=19 March 2015 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url = http://www.secr.indianrailways.gov.in/view_section.jsp?lang=0&id=0,1,283 |title = Nagpur SEC Railway Division|access-date = 13 January 2016 |website = [[Railway Board]]|publisher = [[North Eastern Railway zone]]}}</ref>

==List of railway stations and towns ==
The list includes the stations under the SECR Nagpur Railway Division and their station category.<ref>{{cite web|title=Statement showing Category-wise No.of stations in IR based on Pass. earning of 2011|url=http://www.indianrailways.gov.in/StationRedevelopment/AI&ACategoryStns.pdf|access-date=15 January 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=PASSENGER AMENITIES – CRITERIA= For Categorisation of Stations|url=http://www.cr.indianrailways.gov.in/uploads/files/1432447500773-23.Passenger%20Amenities%20PDF.pdf|access-date=15 January 2016|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304045206/http://www.cr.indianrailways.gov.in/uploads/files/1432447500773-23.Passenger%20Amenities%20PDF.pdf|archive-date=4 March 2016}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable sortable"
! style="background:#ffd750;" | Category of station
! style="background:#ffd750;" | No. of stations
! style="background:#ffd750;" | Names of stations
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | A-1
| style="text-align:center;" | 1
| style="text-align:center;" |[[Gondia Junction railway station|Gondia Junction]]

|-
| style="text-align:center;" | A
| style="text-align:center;" | 1
| style="text-align:center;" |Rajnandgaon, Bhandara Road, [[Itwari railway station|Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose Itwari Junction]]
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | B
| style="text-align:center;" | -
| style="text-align:center;" |
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | C suburban station
| style="text-align:center;" | -
| style="text-align:center;" | [[Dongargarh railway station|Dongargarh]] , Tumsar Road, Tirora
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | D
| style="text-align:center;" | -
| style="text-align:center;" | [[Chanda Fort railway station|Chanda Fort]], Kamptee
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | E
| style="text-align:center;" | -
| style="text-align:center;" | [[Arjuni railway station|Arjuni]]
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | F halt station
| style="text-align:center;" | -
| style="text-align:center;" | -
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | '''Total'''
| style="text-align:center;" | '''-'''
| style="text-align:center;" | -
|}
Stations closed for Passengers -

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Nagpur SEC railway division| ]]
[[Category:Divisions of Indian Railways]]
[[Category:1952 establishments in Bombay State]]
[[Category:South East Central Railway zone|*]]
[[Category:Transport in Nagpur]]

{{India-rail-transport-stub}}

Gwalior district

2025-10-24T22:59:09Z

Vikiknl: added references

{{About|the district|its eponymous headquarters|Gwalior}}

{{Infobox settlement
| name = Gwalior district
| settlement_type = District
| total_type = Total
| native_name =
| image_skyline = {{Photomontage
|size = 250
|photo1a = Jai Vilas Palace ( Scindia Palace).jpg
|photo1b = Tighra Dam Gwalior.JPG
|photo2a = 300–340 CE Vishnu temple, Padmavati brick temple platform, Pawaya, Madhya Pradesh 065.jpg
|photo2b = Gopachal Parvat - Rock-cut Tirthankar Sculptures, Gwalior.jpg
|photo3a = View of the Gwalior Fort and city.jpg
}}
| image_caption = Clockwise from top-left: [[Jai Vilas Mahal]], [[Tigra Dam]], [[Gopachal rock cut Jain monuments|Gopachal Parvat]], view of [[Gwalior]] from [[Gwalior Fort]], Vishnu temple in [[Padmavati (Pawaya)|Pawaya]]
| image_map = MP Gwalior district map.svg
| map_caption = Location of Gwalior district in Madhya Pradesh
| coordinates =
| coor_pinpoint = Gwalior
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{Flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and union territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Madhya Pradesh]]
| subdivision_type2 = Division
| subdivision_name2 = [[Gwalior division|Gwalior]]
| established_title = Established
| established_date =
| seat_type = Headquarters
| seat = [[Gwalior]]
| parts_type = [[Tehsils of India|Tehsils]]
| parts_style = para
| p1 = 1. Gwalior, 2. [[Bhitarwar]], 3. [[Dabra, Gwalior|Dabra]] 4. Chinor 5. City Center 6. Ghatigaon 7. Morar
| area_total_km2 = 4,560
| area_footnotes =
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_total = 2,032,036
| population_footnotes =
| population_urban =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| demographics_type1 = Demographics
| demographics1_title1 = [[Literacy in India|Literacy]]
| demographics1_info1 = 77 per cent
| demographics1_title2 = Sex ratio
| demographics1_info2 = 864
| leader_title =
| leader_name =
| leader_title1 = [[Lok Sabha|Lok Sabha constituencies]]
| leader_name1 = [[Gwalior (Lok Sabha constituency)|Gwalior]] (shared with [[Shivpuri district]])
| leader_title2 = [[Vidhan Sabha|Vidhan Sabha constituencies]]
| leader_name2 = 1. [[Gwalior Rural (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Gwalior Rural]], 2. [[Gwalior (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Gwalior]], 3. [[Gwalior East (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Gwalior East]], 4. [[Gwalior South (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Gwalior South]], 5. [[Bhitarwar (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Bhitarwar]] and 6. [[Dabra (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Dabra]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +05:30
| registration_plate =
| blank_name_sec1 =
| blank_info_sec1 =
| blank_name_sec2 =
| blank_info_sec2 =
| website = {{URL|https://gwalior.nic.in}}
}}

'''Gwalior district''' ({{IPA|hi|gʋaːlɪjəɾ}}) is one of the 52 [[Districts of Madhya Pradesh|districts]] of [[Madhya Pradesh]] state in [[Central India|central]] [[India]]. The historic city of [[Gwalior]] is its administrative headquarters. Other cities and towns in this district are [[Antari]], [[Bhitarwar]], [[Bilaua]], [[Dabra, Gwalior|Dabra]], [[Morar Cantonment]], [[Pichhore, Gwalior|Pichhore]], and [[Tekanpur, India|Tekanpur]]. The district is at the centre of the [[Gird, India|Gird]] region.

The district has an area of 4,560 km2, and a population 2,032,036 (2011 census), a 25% increase from the 2001 census. Kaushlendra Vikram Singh has been the district collector since March 2020.

==Geography==
Located in a transitional zone between the [[Malwa]] plateau and the [[Gangetic plain]] in Upper (Northern) [[Madhya Pradesh]], Gwalior district consists of several distinct geographical areas.<ref name="Census 2011">{{cite web |title=Census of India 2011: Madhya Pradesh District Census Handbook - Gwalior, Part A (Village and Town Directory) |pages=3-5, 30-32 |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/23/2304_PART_A_DCHB_GWALIOR.pdf |website=Census 2011 India|access-date=4 May 2021}}</ref> North and east of Gwalior city there is a broad alluvial plain,<ref name="Census 2011"/><ref name="Gazetteer">{{cite book |last1=Luard |first1=C.E. |last2=Sheopuri |first2=Dwarka Nath |title=Gwalior State Gazetteer Volume I |date=1908 |publisher=Superintendent Government Printing |location=Calcutta |pages=124-6 |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.35648 |access-date=4 May 2021}}</ref> mostly flat and covered in [[dumat (soil)|dumat]], [[parua]], and [[Kabar (soil)|kabar]] soils.<ref name="Gazetteer"/> The central part of the district, around Gwalior, is somewhat hilly,<ref name="Census 2011"/> with [[sandstone]] outcrops that have often served as a source for building materials.<ref name="Gazetteer"/> These hills represent an extension of the [[Vindhyas]], and their soil is often poorly suited for agriculture except in valleys and depressions.<ref name="Gazetteer"/> The average height of this hilly tract is about 80 feet above sea level.<ref name="Census 2011"/>

In the west is a plateau region, representing an extension of the Malwa plateau.<ref name="Census 2011"/> This area is also hilly and some of it is covered by forests.<ref name="Census 2011"/> The highest points are at [[Tor hill]] (at 1,454 feet above sea level) in the [[Sirkoli forest]] and [[Din hill]] (1,420 feet) in [[Rehat reserve forest]].<ref name="Census 2011"/>

The [[Sindh river|Sind]] is the main river in Gwalior district.<ref name="Census 2011"/> It begins in [[Vidisha district]] and then enters the southern plains of Gwalior at around 25°47' N.<ref name="Census 2011"/> Much of the southeastern part of Gwalior district is an alluvial plain around the Sind and its tributaries.<ref name="Census 2011"/> Other rivers that traverse the district include the [[Sank]], [[Sonrekha]], [[Morar river|Morar]], [[Vaishali river|Vaishali]], [[Nun river|Nun]], [[Chachond]], and [[Asan river (Madhya Pradesh)|Asan]].<ref name="Census 2011"/> Because of the porous soil, all the rivers have eroded their banks to create ravines along their sides.<ref name="Census 2011"/> This is more pronounced in the northern plain, and especially along the upper Vaishali river.<ref name="Census 2011"/> Other rivers in the north include the Sank, Sonrekha, and [[Maran river|Maran]] rivers.<ref name="Census 2011"/> The [[Parbati river|Parbati]] river, which originates in [[Shivpuri district]], forms the boundary for part of Gwalior district before crossing through the southern part of the district and then joining the Sind at [[Pawaya]].<ref name="Census 2011"/>

===Climate===
In the summer season the climate is very hot, the shade temperature rising frequently to around 44 °C (112 °F), but in the winter months (from November to February inclusive) it is usually temperate and for short periods extremely cold.

===Wildlife===
Because of the prevailing dry climate in the area and the generally hard, shallow soil, Gwalior district does not have particularly dense vegetation.<ref name="Census 2011"/> There are some forests in hilly areas,<ref name="Gazetteer"/> but the trees are somewhat stunted and not very large.<ref name="Census 2011"/><ref name="Gazetteer"/> Tree types include [[Dho (tree)|dho]], kardhai, tendu (''[[Diospyros melanoxylon]]'', khair (''[[Acacia catechu]]''), salai (''[[Boswellia serrata]]''), ber (''[[Ziziphus mauritiana]]''), chhola (''[[Butea monosperma]]''), jamrasi (''[[Elaeodendron glaucum]]''), and [[reenjee]], along with semal (''[[Salmalia malabaricum]]''), kareh (''[[Sterculia urens]]''), bhilwa (''[[Semecarpus anacardium]]''), babool (''[[Acacia arbica]]''), and [[teak]] (''[[Tectona grandis]]'').<ref name="Census 2011"/> In some areas, there is little vegetation at all, with only sporadic, stunted plants such as [[siari]], ber, and chhola.<ref name="Census 2011"/>

Gwalior district has a diverse animal population, particularly in the forested areas.<ref name="Census 2011"/> Prominent birds native to the area include the [[grey partridge]], the [[snipe]], and the [[peafowl]].<ref name="Census 2011"/> Mammals include [[leopard]]s, [[cheetah]]s, [[bear]]s, [[lakkarbagha]]s, [[deer]], [[neelgai]], [[rabbit]]s, and [[monkey]]s.<ref name="Census 2011"/>

Various fish species are found in bodies of water in Gwalior district.<ref name="Census 2011"/> The [[mahseer]] is a common fish, often found in rocky rivers as well as the [[Sank]], [[Asan river (Madhya Pradesh)|Asan]], [[Parbhati]], and [[Sindh river|Sind]] rivers.<ref name="Census 2011"/> Among the ''[[Labeo]]'' group, the [[rohu]] and [[kalbasus]] are commonly found in the Sank and Asan rivers.<ref name="Census 2011"/> [[Murrel]]s and [[Mullet (fish)|mullet]]s are found in practically every body of running water, and a variety of the [[Indian trout]] is found in the [[Morar]] river.<ref name="Census 2011"/> [[Freshwater shark]] are also common, especially in the Tigra and [[Pagara (tank)|Pagara]] tanks.<ref name="Census 2011"/> Other common fishes include the [[Katla (fish)|katla]] and the [[Tengra (fish)|tengra]].<ref name="Census 2011"/>

==Divisions==
[[File:Gwalior district map.png|640px|thumb|center|Map showing the divisions of Gwalior district]]
The district comprises 4 [[tehsil]]s: [[Gwalior]] (formerly, Gird), [[Bhitarwar]], [[Dabra]] (formerly, Pichore), and [[Chinour]].<ref name="Census 2011"/> There area also 4 [[community development block]]s: [[Ghatigaon]] ([[Barai]]), [[Morar]], [[Dabra]], and [[Bhitarwar]].<ref name="Census 2011"/> There are 655 revenue villages in the district, of which 618 are inhabited.<ref name="Census 2011"/>

There are six [[Madhya Pradesh Vidhan Sabha]] constituencies in this district. These are [[Gwalior Rural (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Gwalior Rural]], [[Gwalior (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Gwalior]], [[Gwalior East (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Gwalior East]], [[Gwalior South (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Gwalior South]], [[Bhitarwar (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Bhitarwar]] and [[Dabra (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Dabra]]. All of these are part of [[Gwalior (Lok Sabha constituency)|Gwalior Lok Sabha constituency]].

==Demographics==

{{historical populations|11=1901|12=3,55,196|13=1911|14=2,89,568|15=1921|16=3,01,397|17=1931|18=3,35,821|19=1941|20=4,05,832|21=1951|22=4,78,335|23=1961|24=5,94,362|25=1971|26=7,75,724|27=1981|28=10,10,801|29=1991|30=12,93,567|31=2001|32=16,32,109|33=2011|34=20,32,036|percentages=pagr|footnote=source:<ref>{{cite web |title=Table A-02 Decadal Variation in Population Since 1901: Madhya Pradesh |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/43356/download/47048/23%20A-2%20Madhya%20Pradesh.pdf |website=census.gov.in|publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref>|align=center}}

{{bar box
|title=Religions in Gwalior district (2011)<ref name="Religion">{{cite web |title=C-16 Population By Religion - Madhya Pradesh|url=https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-01/DDW23C-01%20MDDS.XLS |website=census.gov.in |publisher=Office of the Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India}}</ref>
|titlebar=#FCD116
|left1=Religion
|right1=Percent
|float=left
|bars=
{{bar percent|[[Hinduism]]|darkorange|90.32}}
{{bar percent|[[Islam]]|green|6.98}}
{{bar percent|[[Sikhism]]|darkkhaki|1.22}}
{{bar percent|[[Jainism]]|brown|0.89}}
{{bar percent|Other or not stated|black|0.59}}
}}

According to the [[2011 census of India|2011 census]] Gwalior district has a [[Demographics of India|population]] of 2,032,036,<ref name=districtcensus>{{Cite web |date=2011 |title=District Census Handbook: Gwalior |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/706/download/2472/DH_2011_2304_PART_A_DCHB_GWALIOR.pdf |website=[[Census of India]] |publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref> roughly equal to the nation of [[Slovenia]]<ref name="cia">{{cite web | author = US Directorate of Intelligence | title = Country Comparison:Population | url = https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2119rank.html | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070613004507/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2119rank.html | url-status = dead | archive-date = June 13, 2007 | access-date = 2011-10-01 | quote = Slovenia 2,000,092 July 2011 est.}}</ref> or the US state of [[New Mexico]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://2010.census.gov/2010census/data/apportionment-pop-text.php|title=2010 Resident Population Data|publisher=U. S. Census Bureau|access-date=2011-09-30|quote=New Mexico - 2,059,179|archive-date=2010-12-27|archive-url=https://archive.today/20101227010452/http://2010.census.gov/2010census/data/apportionment-pop-text.php|url-status=dead}}</ref> This gives it a ranking of 227th in India (out of a total of [[Districts of India|640]]).<ref name=districtcensus/> The district has a population density of {{convert| 445 |PD/sqkm|PD/sqmi}} .<ref name=districtcensus/> Its [[Family planning in India|population growth rate]] over the decade 2001-2011 was 24.41%.<ref name=districtcensus/> Gwalior has a [[sex ratio]] of 862 [[Women in India|females]] for every 1000 males,<ref name="districtcensus" /> and a [[Literacy in India|literacy rate]] of 77.93%. 62.69% of the population live in urban areas. Scheduled Castes and Tribes made up 19.34% and 3.55% of the population respectively.<ref name="districtcensus"/>

{{Pie chart
|caption = Languages of Gwalior district (2011)<ref name="language"/>
|label1 = [[Hindi]] |value1 = 96.57 |color1 = orange
|label2 = [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]] |value2 = 1.08 |color2 = pink
|label3 = Others |value3 = 2.35 |color3 = grey
}}
At the time of the [[2011 Census of India]], 96.57% of the population in the district spoke [[Hindi]] and 1.08% [[Bundeli language|Bundeli]] as their first language.<ref name="language">{{Cite web |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/10211/download/13323/DDW-C16-STMT-MDDS-2300.XLSX |title=Table C-16 Population by Mother Tongue: Madhya Pradesh |website=censusindia.gov.in|publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref>

==Tourist places==
*Gujari Mahal Archaeological Museum

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://gwalior.nic.in Gwalior District web site]

{{Geographic location
|Centre = Gwalior district
|North = [[Morena district]]
|Northeast = [[Bhind district]]
|East = [[Datia district]]
|Southeast =
|South = [[Shivpuri district]]
|Southwest =
|West = [[Sheopur district]]
|Northwest =
}}

{{Districts of Madhya Pradesh}}
{{Gwalior Division}}
{{Authority control}}

{{Coord|26|13|25|N|78|10|45|E|source:itwiki_type:adm3rd|display=title}}

[[Category:Gwalior district| ]]
[[Category:Districts of Madhya Pradesh]]

Orai

2025-10-20T10:33:21Z

Vikiknl:

{{More citations needed|date=June 2024}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2021}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2017}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Orai
| native_name =
| native_name_lang = Bundelkhandi, Hindi
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = City
| image_skyline = Orai Medical College ,Jalaun.png
| image_alt = http://www.flickr.com/photos/7619740@N02/4237922291/
| image_caption = Medical College, Orai
| pushpin_map = India Uttar Pradesh
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Uttar Pradesh, India
| coordinates = {{coord|25.98|N|79.47|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[Districts of Uttar Pradesh|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Jalaun]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder = Raja Mahil
| named_for = Saint Uddalak
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| leader_title1 = MP
| leader_name1 = [[Narayan Das Ahirwar]] ([[Samajwadi Party]])
| leader_title2 = MLA
| leader_name2 = Gaurishankar Verma([[BJP]])
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 131
| population_total = 515000
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes = <ref>{{cite web|url=https://citypopulation.de/en/india/uttarpradesh/jalaun/0943507000__orai/|title=Madhya Pradesh (India): State, Major Agglomerations & Cities – Population Statistics, Maps, Charts, Weather and Web Information|website=citypopulation.de|access-date=2 January 2021}}</ref>
| demographics_type1 = Bundeli Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi language|Hindi]]
| demographics2_title2 = Regional
| demographics2_info2 = [[Bundeli language|Bundeli]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 285001
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| area_code = +915162
| registration_plate = UP-92
| blank1_name_sec1 =
| blank1_info_sec1 =
| blank2_name_sec1 = [[Human sex ratio|Sex ratio]]
| blank2_info_sec1 = 0.842 [[male|♂]]/[[female|♀]]
| blank3_name_sec1 = Literacy
| blank3_info_sec1 = 83.35%
| blank1_name_sec2 =
| blank1_info_sec2 =
| blank2_name_sec2 =
| blank2_info_sec2 =
| blank3_name_sec2 =
| blank3_info_sec2 =
| blank4_name_sec2 =
| blank4_info_sec2 =
| blank5_name_sec2 =
| blank5_info_sec2 =
| website = [https://jalaun.nic.in/ jalaun.nic.in]
| footnotes =
| official_name =
}}
[[File:Mahil.jpg|thumb|A view in Mahil talaab]]
'''Orai''' is a city in [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[India]], and the administrative headquarters of [[Jalaun District]]. All administrative offices of [[Jalaun district|Jalaun District]], including the District Collectorate, [[police]], [[Telecommunications|telecom]] and various other government organizations are located in this city. In 2019, Orai received the award of 'Fastest Mover' Small City among India<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://swachhsurvekshan2019.org/Scores/Index/801014|title=Swachh Survekshan 2019|website=swachhsurvekshan2019.org|access-date=2019-09-20|archive-date=20 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190920134615/https://swachhsurvekshan2019.org/Scores/Index/801014|url-status=dead}}</ref> (0.8–3.1 Lakh) under ''[[Swachh Survekshan]]'', an annual cleanliness survey carried by the [[Quality Council of India]]<ref>{{Cite web | title=Orai Election Result 2022 LIVE {{!}} Orai Election 2022 Date, Candidates List, Constituency Map – Oneindia | url=https://www.oneindia.com/orai-assembly-elections-up-221/ | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220228052656/https://www.oneindia.com/orai-assembly-elections-up-221/ | access-date=2025-08-30 | archive-date=2022-02-28}}</ref>

==Geography==
Orai is located on {{coord|25.98|N|79.47|E}}. It has an average elevation of 144 metres (472 feet).<ref>{{Cite web | title=Maps, Weather, and Airports for Orai, India | url=https://www.fallingrain.com/world/IN/36/Orai.html | access-date=2025-08-30 | website=www.fallingrain.com}}</ref>

==Climate==
{{Weather box
| location = Orai (1991–2020)
| metric first = yes
| single line = yes
| width = auto
| Jan record high C = 30.8
| Feb record high C = 36.0
| Mar record high C = 42.4
| Apr record high C = 47.0
| May record high C = 47.4
| Jun record high C = 47.8
| Jul record high C = 45.0
| Aug record high C = 45.0
| Sep record high C = 39.8
| Oct record high C = 39.0
| Nov record high C = 35.8
| Dec record high C = 30.5
|year record high C =
| Jan high C = 18.4
| Feb high C = 23.6
| Mar high C = 30.2
| Apr high C = 37.4
| May high C = 40.7
| Jun high C = 39.2
| Jul high C = 33.1
| Aug high C = 31.5
| Sep high C = 31.8
| Oct high C = 31.4
| Nov high C = 26.2
| Dec high C = 20.2
|year high C = 30.3
| Jan low C = 8.2
| Feb low C = 12.0
| Mar low C = 17.0
| Apr low C = 23.2
| May low C = 26.1
| Jun low C = 27.9
| Jul low C = 26.6
| Aug low C = 25.9
| Sep low C = 25.2
| Oct low C = 21.6
| Nov low C = 15.7
| Dec low C = 10.4
|year low C = 20.0
| Jan record low C = 1.4
| Feb record low C = -0.1
| Mar record low C = 5.7
| Apr record low C = 13.5
| May record low C = 16.4
| Jun record low C = 15.6
| Jul record low C = 17.8
| Aug record low C = 20.0
| Sep record low C = 15.7
| Oct record low C = 8.4
| Nov record low C = 5.7
| Dec record low C = -1.7
|year record low C =
| rain colour = green
| Jan rain mm = 12.0
| Feb rain mm = 3.3
| Mar rain mm = 5.5
| Apr rain mm = 1.9
| May rain mm = 6.3
| Jun rain mm = 44.8
| Jul rain mm = 140.8
| Aug rain mm = 189.3
| Sep rain mm = 90.9
| Oct rain mm = 14.2
| Nov rain mm = 1.4
| Dec rain mm = 3.3
|year rain mm = 513.6
| Jan rain days = 1.0
| Feb rain days = 0.6
| Mar rain days = 0.6
| Apr rain days = 0.3
| May rain days = 0.8
| Jun rain days = 2.9
| Jul rain days = 6.1
| Aug rain days = 7.9
| Sep rain days = 4.1
| Oct rain days = 0.7
| Nov rain days = 0.1
| Dec rain days = 0.2
|year rain days = 25.4
|time day = 17:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| Jan humidity = 68
| Feb humidity = 59
| Mar humidity = 48
| Apr humidity = 38
| May humidity = 39
| Jun humidity = 49
| Jul humidity = 72
| Aug humidity = 77
| Sep humidity = 69
| Oct humidity = 52
| Nov humidity = 54
| Dec humidity = 58
|year humidity = 57
|source 1 = [[India Meteorological Department]]<ref>{{cite web
| url = https://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/Climatological%20Tables%201991-2020.pdf
| title = Climatological Tables of Observatories in India 1991-2020
| publisher = [[India Meteorological Department]]
| access-date = April 8, 2024
}}</ref>}}
== Demographics ==

{{bar box
|title=Religions in Orai
|titlebar=#Fcd116
|left1=Religion
|right1=Percent
|float=right
|bars=
{{bar percent|[[Hindus]]|orange|92}}
{{bar percent|[[Islam]]|green|6}}
{{bar percent|[[Jainism|Jains]]|pink|1.0}}
{{bar percent|Others†|black|1.0}}
|caption=Distribution of religions 
†Includes [[Sikh]]s (0.5%), [[Jain]]s (0.6%) [[Buddhism|Buddhists]] (<0.4%).
}}

{{See also|List of cities in Uttar Pradesh}}
The city of Orai is governed by the [[Municipal corporation|Municipal Corporation]], which comes under Orai [[Metropolitan area|Metropolitan]] Region. The total area of Orai Is 20.86 km2.

The population of Orai in 2016 was 217,389, of which males and females comprised 111,987 and 105,402 respectively.

In 2011, there were 880 [[Female|females]] for every 1,000 [[Male|males]]. The ratio for children was 845 girls for every 1,000 boys. [[Child|Children]] numbered 31,011 in Orai in 2016. There were 17,859 boys and 13,152 girls. Children form 7.01% of the total population of the city.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/paper2/data_files/India2/Table_3_PR_UA_Citiees_1Lakh_and_Above.pdf | title = Urban Agglomerations/Cities having population 1 lakh and above |work= Provisional Population Totals, Census of India 2011 |access-date = 2012-07-07 }}</ref>

According to the 2011 Orai City Census data, the [[Literacy|literacy rate]] was 82.35 percent.

[[File:Radhakrishna mandir.jpg|thumb|Radhakrishna mandir, Orai]]

== Education ==
*[[Government Medical College, Jalaun]] is a government medical college located in Orai.

==Transportation==
Railway - [[Orai railway station]] is major Railway Station of the town. Here is three platforms at the Station and station code is ''ORAI''. [[Jhansi]] - [[Kanpur]] railway line passing through Orai, many Superfast, Express and Passenger train halts here. <ref>{{Cite web | title=Orai Railway Station Map/Atlas NCR/North Central Zone - Railway Enquiry | url=https://indiarailinfo.com/station/map/1017#st | access-date=2025-08-30 | website=indiarailinfo.com}}</ref>

== Citations ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{Wikivoyage-inline}}
* [https://jalaun.nic.in/ Jalaun District website]

{{Jalaun district}}
{{Jhansi division topics}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Cities and towns in Jalaun district]]
[[Category:Cities in Bundelkhand]]
[[Category:Orai]]
[[Category:Cities in Uttar Pradesh]]

Jinaratnasuri

2025-10-09T16:53:55Z

Vikiknl: New new entry

{{Short description|Jain scholar monk}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2016}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2016}}
{{More citations needed|date=February 2016}}
{{Infobox religious biography
| honorific-prefix = [[Acharya]]
| name = Jinaratna
| image =
| caption =
| religion = [[Jainism]]
| sect = [[Śvetāmbara]]
| official_name =
| birth_name =
| birth_date = 13th century
| birth_place =
| death_date = 13th century
| death_place =
}}
{{Jainism}}
'''Jinaratnasuri''' (Jina·ratna·suri; [[Hindi]]: जिनरत्नसूरी was a [[Śvetāmbara]] [[Jainism|Jain]] scholar and a monk of [[Kharatara Gaccha]], who composed ''[[The Epitome of Lilavati|Līlāvatīsāra]].''<ref>{{Cite web |last=Jinaratnasuri |first=Acharya |title=Lilavatisara |url=https://archive.org/details/lilavatisarabyjinaratnaharivallabhbhayaninarayankamsarm.l.d.instituteofindology_202003_638_S/page/n6/mode/1up}}</ref> He completed his poem in the year 1285 CE in Jabaliputra, western India, (modern [[Jalore]] in [[Rajasthan]]). It is an epitome of a much larger work called ''[[The Story of the Final Emancipation of Lilávati|{{IAST|Nivvāṇalīlāvaīkahā}}]]'' composed in Jain [[Maharashtri]], a Prakrit language, in 1036 by Jineshvarasuri, also a Jain monk.

What little is known about Jinaratnasuri, he states himself in the colophon he placed at the end of his poem, in which he gives the lineage of the succession of monastic teachers and pupils from [[Vardhamana]], the teacher of Jineshvarasuri who was the author of ''[[The Story of the Final Emancipation of Lilávati|{{IAST|Nivvāṇalīlāvaīkahā}}]],'' to another Jineshvarasuri who was Jinaratnasuri's own teacher. Jinaratnasuri belonged to the [[Kharatara Gaccha]] of [[Śvetāmbara]] [[Jainism]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Jinaratnasuri |first=Acharya |title=Lilavatisara |url=https://archive.org/details/lilavatisarabyjinaratnaharivallabhbhayaninarayankamsarm.l.d.instituteofindology_202003_638_S/page/n6/mode/1up |page=3}}</ref>

Jinaratnasuri studied literature, logic and the canonical texts of [[Śvetāmbara]]s with Jineshvarasuri and other monks. In his colophon he acknowledges the help he received from others in the preparation and correction of the text of ''[[The Epitome of Lilavati|Līlāvatīsāra]].''

Jinaratnasuri in his introductory verses to ''[[The Epitome of Lilavati|Līlāvatīsāra]]'' describes how his interest in Jineshvarasuri's poem was stimulated by his own teacher. Jinaratnasuri states that he began to write his epitome at the request of those who wished to concentrate on its narrative alone.

By writing in [[Sanskrit]], the pan-Indian language of learned discourse, Jinaratnasuri gave ''[[The Epitome of Lilavati|Līlāvatīsāra]]'' a far wider readership than was possible for Jineshvarasuri's ''[[The Story of the Final Emancipation of Lilávati|{{IAST|Nivvāṇalīlāvaīkahā}}]],'' since it was written in the Prakrit Jain Maharashtri, a language with a more restricted currency.

Jinaratnasuri displays his mastery of Sanskrit poetics by interspersing complex lyric metres throughout his poem. Not only does Jinaratnasuri employ rare works and unusual grammatical forms drawn from the Sanskrit lexicons and grammars, but he also incorporates into his poem words taken from contemporary spoken vernaculars. Jinaratnasuri's language in the narrative portions of the poem is fast moving and direct, but it is far more ornate in his descriptions of cities, mountains, desert wilderness, battles, festivals, and other topics with which a Sanskrit epic should be embellished.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Jinaratnasuri |first=Acharya |title=Lilavatisara |url=https://archive.org/details/lilavatisarabyjinaratnaharivallabhbhayaninarayankamsarm.l.d.instituteofindology_202003_638_S/mode/1up |page=57}}</ref>

==English translations==
The [[Clay Sanskrit Library]] has published a translation of ''[[The Epitome of Lilavati|Līlāvatīsāra]]'' by R.C.C. Fynes under the title of ''The Epitome of Queen Lilávati'' (two volumes).

==See also==
*[[Līlāvatīsāra]] (The Epitome of Lilavati)
*[[Nivvāṇalīlāvaīkahā]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://www.claysanskritlibrary.org/ Clay Sanskrit Library] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190707040843/http://www.claysanskritlibrary.org/ |date=7 July 2019 }} (official page)

{{Jain Gurus}}
{{Jainism topics}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Sanskrit poets]]
[[Category:Indian Jain monks]]
[[Category:13th-century Indian Jain writers]]
[[Category:13th-century Indian poets]]
[[Category:13th-century Jain poets]]
[[Category:Medieval Indian Jain poets]]
[[Category:13th-century Jain monks]]
[[Category:13th-century Indian monks]]
[[Category:Poets from Rajasthan]]

1998–99 Pepsi Cup

2025-09-11T17:44:10Z

Vikiknl: minor update

{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2017}}
{{Use British English|date=October 2017}}
{{Infobox cricket series
|series= 1998–99 Pepsi Triangular Series
|image=
|caption=
|date= 19 March – 4 April 1999
|place= [[India]]
|result= {{cr|PAK}} won the final by 123 runs
|player of series= [[Sourav Ganguly]] (Ind)
|team1= {{cr|IND}}
|team2= {{cr|PAK}}
|team3= {{cr|SRI}}
|captain1= [[Mohammad Azharuddin]]<ref name="MA-AJ" group="n">Mohammad Azharuddin was appointed captain of the Indian team side prior to the start of the series. However, he missed the last three matches with Ajay Jadeja captaining the side.</ref>
|captain2= [[Wasim Akram]]
|captain3= [[Arjuna Ranatunga]]
|runs1= [[Sourav Ganguly]] 278
|runs2= [[Inzamam-ul-Haq]] 214
|runs3= [[Mahela Jayawardene]] 191
|wickets1= [[Ajit Agarkar]] 8
|wickets2= [[Azhar Mahmood]] 12
|wickets3= [[Pramodya Wickramasinghe]] 10
}}

The '''1998–99 Pepsi Cup''' was a [[One Day International]] [[cricket]] tournament held in India in March – April 1999.<ref name="TriSeries">{{cite web |url=http://static.espncricinfo.com/db/ARCHIVE/1998-99/OD_TOURNEYS/PC-IND/ |title=Pepsi Cup in India |access-date=21 September 2017 |work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref> It was a tri-nation series between the [[India national cricket team|India]], [[Pakistan national cricket team|Pakistan]] and [[Sri Lanka national cricket team|Sri Lanka]]. Pakistan defeated India in the final to win the tournament.<ref name="final">{{cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8562/scorecard/66217/India-vs-Pakistan-Final-pepsi-cup/ |title=Pepsi Cup, 1998/99 |access-date=21 September 2017 |work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref>

==Matches==

===1st ODI===
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 19 March 1999
| time =
| daynight =
| team1 = {{cr-rt|PAK}}
| team2 = {{cr|SRI}}
| score1 = 246/9 (50 overs)
| runs1 = [[Saeed Anwar]] 72 (55)
| wickets1 = [[Pramodya Wickramasinghe]] 4/48 (10 overs)
| score2 = 237 (49.3 overs)
| runs2 = [[Aravinda de Silva]] 81 (113)
| wickets2 = [[Wasim Akram]] 3/34 (8.3 overs)
| result = Pakistan won by 9 runs
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8562/scorecard/66211/Pakistan-vs-Sri-Lanka-1st-Match-pepsi-cup/ Scorecard]
| venue = [[Keenan Stadium]], [[Jamshedpur]]
| umpires = [[Satish Gupta]] (Ind) and [[Borni Jamula]] (Ind)
| motm = [[Wasim Akram]] (Pak)
| toss = Pakistan won the toss and elected to bat.
| rain =
| notes =
}}

===2nd ODI===
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 22 March 1999
| time =
| daynight =
| team1 = {{cr-rt|IND}}
| team2 = {{cr|SRI}}
| score1 = 287/4 (50 overs)
| runs1 = [[Sourav Ganguly]] 130[[Not out|*]] (160)
| wickets1 = [[Chaminda Vaas]] 3/56 (10 overs)
| score2 = 207 (38 overs)
| runs2 = [[Arjuna Ranatunga]] 46 (43)
| wickets2 = [[Sourav Ganguly]] 4/21 (4 overs)
| result = India won by 80 runs
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8562/scorecard/66212/India-vs-Sri-Lanka-2nd-Match-pepsi-cup/ Scorecard]
| venue = [[Vidarbha Cricket Association Ground]], [[Nagpur]]
| umpires = [[KS Giridharan]] (Ind)
| motm = [[Sourav Ganguly]] (Ind)
| toss = Sri Lanka won the toss and elected to field.
| rain =
| notes = [[Laxmi Ratan Shukla]] (Ind) and [[Hemantha Boteju]] (SL) made their ODI debuts.
}}

===3rd ODI===
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 24 March 1999
| time =
| daynight =
| team1 = {{cr-rt|PAK}}
| team2 = {{cr|IND}}
| score1 = 278/9 (50 overs)
| runs1 = [[Saeed Anwar]] 95 (117)
| wickets1 = [[Anil Kumble]] 4/53 (10 overs)
| score2 = 135 (36.1 overs)
| runs2 = [[Ajay Jadeja]] 61 (95)
| wickets2 = [[Arshad Khan (Pakistani cricketer)|Arshad Khan]] 3/22 (7 overs)
| result = Pakistan won by 143 runs
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8562/scorecard/66213/India-vs-Pakistan-3rd-Match-pepsi-cup/ Scorecard]
| venue = [[Sawai Mansingh Stadium]], [[Jaipur]]
| umpires = [[Sudhir Asnani]] (Ind) and [[Jasbir Singh (cricketer)|Jasbir Singh]] (Ind)
| motm = [[Saeed Anwar]] (Pak)
| toss = Pakistan won the toss and elected to bat.
| rain =
| notes = [[Gyanendra Pandey (cricketer)|Gyanendra Pandey]] (Ind) made his ODI debut.
}}

===4th ODI===
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 27 March 1999
| time =
| daynight =
| team1 = {{cr-rt|SRI}}
| team2 = {{cr|PAK}}
| score1 = 253/8 (50 overs)
| runs1 = [[Mahela Jayawardene]] 101 (138)
| wickets1 = [[Azhar Mahmood]] 4/40 (10 overs)
| score2 = 241 (46.3 overs)
| runs2 = [[Wasim Akram]] 79 (60)
| wickets2 = [[Pramodya Wickramasinghe]] 3/34 (9 overs)
| result = Sri Lanka won by 12 runs
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8562/scorecard/66214/Pakistan-vs-Sri-Lanka-4th-Match-pepsi-cup/ Scorecard]
| venue = [[Indira Priyadarshini Stadium]], [[Visakhapatnam]]
| umpires = [[SK Sharma]] (Ind) and [[Ivaturi Shivram]] (Ind)
| motm = [[Mahela Jayawardene]] (SL)
| toss = Sri Lanka won the toss and elected to bat.
| rain =
| notes = [[Imran Nazir (cricketer)|Imran Nazir]] (Pak) made his ODI debut.
}}

===5th ODI===
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 30 March 1999
| time =
| daynight = yes
| team1 = {{cr-rt|IND}}
| team2 = {{cr|SRI}}
| score1 = 286/6 (50 overs)
| runs1 = [[Ajay Jadeja]] 103[[Not out|*]] (102)
| wickets1 = [[Pramodya Wickramasinghe]] 2/38 (10 overs)
| score2 = 235 (45.5 overs)
| runs2 = [[Aravinda de Silva]] 55 (78)
| wickets2 = [[Ajit Agarkar]] 3/35 (8 overs)
| result = India won by 51 runs
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8562/scorecard/66215/India-vs-Sri-Lanka-5th-Match-pepsi-cup/ Scorecard]
| venue = [[Nehru Stadium, Pune|Nehru Stadium]], [[Pune]]
| umpires = [[Vinayak Kulkarni]] (Ind)
| motm = [[Ajay Jadeja]] (Ind)
| toss = Sri Lanka won the toss and elected to field.
| rain =
| notes = [[Sadagoppan Ramesh]] and [[Amay Khurasiya]] (both Ind) made their ODI debuts
}}

===6th ODI===
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 1 April 1999
| time =
| daynight = yes
| team1 = {{cr-rt|IND}}
| team2 = {{cr|PAK}}
| score1 = 196 (49.5 overs)
| runs1 = [[Sourav Ganguly]] 57 (90)
| wickets1 = [[Saqlain Mushtaq]] 3/49 (9.5 overs)
| score2 = 197/3 (42 overs)
| runs2 = [[Ijaz Ahmed (cricketer, born 1968)|Ijaz Ahmed]] 89[[Not out|*]] (129)
| wickets2 = [[Venkatesh Prasad]] 3/27 (10 overs)
| result = Pakistan won by 7 wickets
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8562/scorecard/66216/India-vs-Pakistan-6th-Match-pepsi-cup/ Scorecard]
| venue = [[Punjab Cricket Association IS Bindra Stadium]], [[Mohali]]
| umpires = [[Shyam Bansal]] (Ind) and [[Krishna Hariharan]] (Ind)
| motm = [[Ijaz Ahmed (cricketer, born 1968)|Ijaz Ahmed]] (Pak)
| toss = India won the toss and elected to bat.
| rain =
| notes = [[Virender Sehwag]] (Ind) made his ODI debut
}}

===Final===
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 4 April 1999
| time =
| daynight =
| team1 = {{cr-rt|PAK}}
| team2 = {{cr|IND}}
| score1 = 291/8 (50 overs)
| runs1 = [[Inzamam-ul-Haq]] 91 (112)
| wickets1 = [[Sourav Ganguly]] 2/35 (7 overs)
| score2 = 168 (42.1 overs)
| runs2 = [[Ajay Jadeja]] 41 (62)
| wickets2 = [[Azhar Mahmood]] 5/38 (10 overs)
| result = Pakistan won by 123 runs
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8562/scorecard/66217/India-vs-Pakistan-Final-pepsi-cup/ Scorecard]
| venue = [[M. Chinnaswamy Stadium]], [[Bangalore]]
| umpires = [[Srinivas Venkataraghavan]] (Ind)
| motm = [[Azhar Mahmood]] (Pak)
| toss = Pakistan won the toss and elected to bat.
| rain =
| notes =
}}

==Notes==
{{reflist|group=n}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://static.espncricinfo.com/db/ARCHIVE/1998-99/OD_TOURNEYS/PC-IND/ Series home at ESPNcricinfo]

{{International cricket tours of India}}
{{International cricket in 1998–99}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Pepsi Cup, 1998-99}}
[[Category:1999 in Indian cricket]]
[[Category:International cricket competitions from 1997–98 to 2000]]
[[Category:One Day International cricket competitions]]
[[Category:PepsiCo]]

Manisha Dange

2025-07-28T14:29:48Z

Vikiknl: creating a pg needs work

{{Short description|Indian basketball player and coach (born 1979)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2025}}

'''Manisha Kaprekar Dange''' (born 8 December 1979)<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2025-02-26 |title=Manisha Satyajit Dange (India) - Basketball Stats, Height, Age {{!}} FIBA Basketball |url=https://www.fiba.basketball/en/players/159716-manisha-satyajit-dange#career-stats |access-date=2025-02-26 |website=www.fiba.basketball |language=en}}</ref> is a former Indian [[basketball]] player and coach from [[Maharashtra]]. She played for the [[India women's national basketball team]] and the Central Railway and [[Indian Railways]] teams in the domestic tournaments as a shooting guard.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Eurobasket |title=Manisha Dange, Basketball Player, News, Stats - asia-basket |url=https://basketball.asia-basket.com/player/Manisha-Dange/129135?Women=1 |access-date=2025-02-26 |website=Eurobasket LLC}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2016-01-13 |title=TN women hoopsters in quarterfinals |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/more-sports/others/tn-women-hoopsters-in-quarterfinals/articleshow/50566285.cms |access-date=2025-02-26 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

== Early life ==
Dange is from Thane, Mumbai. She is the daughter of Shubhangi Kaprekar (mother) and Shridhar Kaprekar. She married Satyajit Dange.<ref name=":1" /> She started playing at a very young age at a local club AVS Agradneya Vyayamshala under coach Milind Apte. She was one of the first players to join Central Railways in sports quota from her club in 2001.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2001-10-15 |title=14-yr-old dribbles her way to basketball glory |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/bombay-times/14-yr-old-dribbles-her-way-to-basketball-glory/articleshow/1558497844.cms |access-date=2025-07-14 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

== Playing career ==
She started with the Maharashtra state team and played for them till 1999<ref>{{Cite web |date=29 December 1999 |title=tribuneindia... Sports: Contrasting wins for Punjab, Railways |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/1999/99dec29/sports.htm#5 |access-date=2025-02-28 |website=www.tribuneindia.com}}</ref> and later joined the Central Railways, for whom she played for many years.<ref>{{Cite web |date=25 January 2003 |title=The Tribune, Chandigarh, India - Sport: TN, Railways favourites |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/2003/20030125/sports.htm |access-date=28 February 2025 |website=www.tribuneindia.com}}</ref> She played the [[FIBA Asia Championship]] for women in South Korea in [[2007 FIBA Asia Championship for Women|2007]] and [[2013 FIBA Asia Championship for Women|2013]].<ref name=":0" /> In 2007, she also played in an invitational tournament in Malaysia. She made a comeback in 2013, after a 7–year hiatus, and won gold in the inaugural FIBA Asia 3×3 Basketball Championship at Doha.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2013-05-28 |title=Back to the life league |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/mumbai/back-to-the-life-league/ |access-date=2025-02-26 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>

== Coaching career ==
Currently, she is the assistant coach to the Senior India team, which played the 3rd South Asian Basketball Association Women's Championship 2025 at Delhi against [[Nepal women's national football team|Nepal]] and [[Maldives women's national football team results|Maldives]] in February 2025 from Femme Times Media and most-desirable Sportsperson of the Year 2023 award from Diva Planet Magazine.<ref>{{Cite web |title=India announce roster for upcoming Saba Women's Championship 2025 in New Delhi |url=https://khelnow.com/basketball/saba-womens-championship-india-squad-202502 |access-date=2025-02-26 |website=Khel Now |language=en-us}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=FIBA LiveStats India vs. Maldives |url=https://fibalivestats.dcd.shared.geniussports.com/u/FASIA/2624277/bs.html |access-date=2025-02-26 |website=geniussports.com}}</ref>

== Records ==
She holds the record for the longest basketball shot in the individual female category. It is recorded by both the Indian Book of Records and the [[Limca Book of Records]] 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |date=26 December 2022 |title=Post - Central Railway |url=https://x.com/Central_Railway/status/1607424237975003136 |access-date=28 July 2025 |website=X}}</ref> The single–handed long basketball shot, from a distance of 23 meters, was achieved on 1 October 2021 at Thane, Mumbai.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Longest Basketball shot (Throw) by single hand |url=https://www.worldrecordsindia.com/2021/10/07/longest-basketball-shot-throw-by-single-hand/ |access-date=2025-02-26 |website=World Records India |language=en-US}}</ref>
== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{Sports links}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Dange, Manisha}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1979 births]]
[[Category:Indian women's basketball players]]
[[Category:Basketball players from Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Sportspeople from Mumbai]]
[[Category:Shooting guards]]

Pasant Aahe Mulgi (TV series)

2025-07-20T17:10:29Z

Vikiknl: put up details

{{Short description|Indian Marathi-language TV show}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2022}}
{{Infobox television
| image = Pasant Aahe Mulgi ZM.jpg
| image_size =
| genre = [[Family drama]] [[Romance film|Romance]]
| writer = [[Sameer Vidwans]]
| screenplay = Shardul Saraf
| story =
| director = Raju Sawant
| starring = [[#Cast|See below]]
| composer = Milind Joshi
| voices = [[Savani Ravindra]] [[Rohit Raut]]
| num_episodes = 187
| editor = Amey Godkar
| camera = [[Multiple-camera setup|Multi-camera]]
| network = [[Zee Marathi]]
| country = India
| language = Marathi
| first_aired = {{start date|2016|01|25|df=y}}
| last_aired = {{end date|2016|08|20|df=y}}
| producer = Nitin Vaidya Ninad Vaidya
| company = Dashami Creations
| runtime = 22 minutes
}}

'''''Pasant Aahe Mulgi''''' ({{translation|The girl is chosen}}) is an Indian [[Marathi language]] TV series which aired on [[Zee Marathi]].<ref>{{Cite news|title=Pasant Aahe Mulgi to go off air soon|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/trade-news/marathi/pasant-ahe-mulgi-to-go-off-air/articleshow/53544985.cms|website=[[The Times of India]]|date=4 August 2016 |access-date=2021-04-15}}</ref> It is produced by Nitin and Ninad Vaidya umder the banner of ''Dashami Creations''. The series premiered from 25 January 2016 by replacing ''[[Honar Soon Mi Hya Gharchi]]''.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Will Pant allow Urmi to reside in his house?|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/marathi/pannt-and-urmi-are-at-odds/articleshow/53742082.cms|website=[[The Times of India]]|date=17 August 2016 |access-date=2021-04-15}}</ref> It starred Abhishek Deshmukh and Resham Prashant in lead roles.

== Summary ==
It is about the out-going Urmi and mischievous but sweet, Vasu. It showed how a match made in heaven will face turmoil on earth when their families come face to face. Vasu’s father has strong religious beliefs, whereas Urmi’s family is a typical middle class family with contemporary thoughts.

==Plot==
Punarvasu "Vasu" Pant-Sachiv is the youngest son of Jagannathrao "Dada" Pant-Sachiv, an influential man in Devsakhri village. Dada has a deep conviction in religion and tradition; and while Vasu respects his father, he disagrees with Dada's stringency on certain traditions- such as fixing marriages on the sole basis of horoscopes, forcing Vasu's sister, Aditi, into a marriage at the expense of her education and so on. Vasu is pursuing his masters in Sanskrit in Pune, where he falls in love with the confident and intelligent Urmi Kulkarni, who hails from a family with modern beliefs.

Vasu overcomes his shyness and befriends Urmi, eventually getting her to date him. However, Vasu is unable to confess the truth about his highly traditional background. Eventually, Vasu writes a letter to Urmi, explaining the truth, but the letter is misplaced. Urmi discovers the truth about Vasu's background and breaks up with him, believing that he deceived her. Although she later discovers Vasu's letter which proves that he did intend to tell her the truth, the relationship remains estranged and uneasy. Matters become complicated when Dada fixes his marriage with Nandini without considering his choice. Vasu's elder sister, Aditi, strongly advises him to defy their father's decision. Eventually, Urmi and Vasu have an argument where Vasu clearly communicates his feelings for her and what he truly wanted from their relationship. He also tells her that they should forget each other and move on, advising her to pursue her ambitions. Moved by Vasu's convictions, Urmi agrees to marry him despite his traditional upbringing.

After a thorough background check, Urmi's family reluctantly permits the young couple to marry in a civil ceremony. Vasu and Urmi arrive at the village on the day of the former's supposed engagement ceremony with Nandini. Dada is enraged at this act of defiance and disowns him at once. However, for the sake of Vasu's mother, the young couple stay at the house. Nandini attempts to scheme against Vasu and Urmi many times, but fails. Eventually, the couple discover that Vasu's elder brother, Ramchandra, is not happy with his wife, Kumud. Worse, it is revealed that Aditi is trapped in a miserable marriage where her husband is living with his girlfriend. Pant-Sachiv is devastated by the truth and blames himself for ruining his children's lives. He also believes that Vasu did the right thing by marrying Urmi and not Nandini.

Towards the end, Ram reconciles with Kumud, who is expecting his child. He is also appointed as the next head of the Math (Religious centre). Aditi obtains a divorce and is permitted to pursue further studies. Vasu becomes a college lecturer and Urmi is set to begin her degree in teaching. Nandini chooses to marry a teacher named Sunil. The story ends with Vasu and Urmi's fathers meeting each other for the first time and respecting one other despite their difference in beliefs.

== Cast ==
=== Main ===
* Resham Prashant as Urmi
* Abhishek Deshmukh as Punarvasu (Vasu)

=== Recurring ===
* [[Girish Oak]] as Punarvasu's father (Pant)<ref>{{Cite web|title='पसंत आहे मुलगी'मध्ये संजय मोने-गिरीश ओक यांची जुगलबंदी|url=https://zeenews.india.com/marathi/news/kallabaji/pasant-aahe-mulgi-zee-marathi-sanjay-mone-vs-girish-oak/302087|website=[[Zee 24 Taas]]|date=18 February 2016 |language=mr|access-date=2021-04-15}}</ref>
* [[Sanjay Mone]] as Krishnakant Kulkarni
* Vijay Mishra as Urmi's father
* Meghana Vaidya as Mai, Pant's wife, Punarvasu's mother
* Padmanabh Bind as Ramakant, Punarvasu's elder brother
* Ketaki Saraf as Nandini, Punarvasu's stepsister
* Namrata Kadam as Kumud, Ramakant's wife
* Rama Joshi as Urmi's grandmother
* Siddhirupa Karmarkar as Urmi's mother

== Reception ==
=== Special episode ===
==== 1 hour ====
* 14 February 2016<ref>{{Cite web|title=मने जुळली...पत्रिकाही जुळणार? पसंत आहे मुलगी|url=https://www.loksatta.com/manoranjan-news/pasant-ahe-mulgi-new-serial-on-zee-marathi-1193499/lite/|website=[[Loksatta]]|language=mr|access-date=2021-04-15}}</ref>
* 27 June 2016<ref>{{Cite web|title='पसंत आहे मुलगी' निरोप घेणार, लवकरच नवी मालिका|url=https://marathi.abplive.com/entertainment/television/pasant-aahe-mulgi-to-go-off-air-260855/amp|website=[[ABP Majha]]|date=August 2016 |language=mr|access-date=2021-04-15}}</ref>
* 17 July 2016<ref>{{Cite web|title=सूनेची जागा घेणार मुलगी, 'होणार सून…'च्या जागी दिसणार आता 'पसंत आहे मुलगी'|url=https://divyamarathi.bhaskar.com/amp/news/BOL-MB-new-serial-on-zee-marathi-pasant-aahe-mulgi-5229849-PHO.html|website=Divya Marathi|date=23 January 2016 |language=mr|access-date=2021-04-15}}</ref>

==== 2 hours ====
* 17 April 2021 (Urmi-Vasu's marriage)<ref>{{Cite web|title=Zee Marathi's New Show 'Pasant Aahe Mulgi' to Replace Popular show 'Honar Sun Mi...'|url=https://www.filmibeat.com/amphtml/marathi-movies/news/zee-marathis-new-show-pasant-aahe-mulgi-to-replace-popular-show-honar-sun-mi-211162.html|website=Filmibeat|date=12 March 2018 |access-date=2021-04-15}}</ref>

=== Ratings ===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"
! rowspan="2" | Week
! rowspan="2" | Year
! colspan="2" | [[Broadcast Audience Research Council|BARC]] Viewership
! rowspan="2" | Ref.
|-
! [[Target Rating Point|TRP]]
! Rank
|-
|Week 22
|2016
|1.5
|3
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=या आठवड्यातील टॉप-५ मालिका|url=https://marathi.abplive.com/photos/top-5-marathi-tv-serials-wk-22-234677|access-date=2022-04-11|website=[[ABP Majha]]|date=9 June 2016 |language=mr}}</ref>
|-
|Week 23
|2016
|1.7
|2
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=या आठवड्यातील टॉप ५ मराठी मालिका|url=https://marathi.abplive.com/uncategorized/top-5-marathi-tv-serials-wk-23-238411|access-date=2022-04-11|website=[[ABP Majha]]|date=16 June 2016 |language=mr}}</ref>
|-
|Week 24
|2016
|1.8
|3
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=या आठवड्यातील टॉप-५ मालिका|url=https://marathi.abplive.com/photos/top-5-marathi-tv-serials-wk-24-241724|access-date=2022-04-11|website=[[ABP Majha]]|date=23 June 2016 |language=mr}}</ref>
|-
|Week 28
|2016
|1.7
|3
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=या आठवड्यातील टॉप ५ मराठी मालिका|url=https://marathi.abplive.com/photos/top-5-marathi-tv-serials-wk-28-255524|access-date=2022-04-11|website=[[ABP Majha]]|date=21 July 2016 |language=mr}}</ref>
|-
|Week 29
|2016
|1.7
|4
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=या आठवड्यातील टॉप ५ मराठी मालिका|url=https://marathi.abplive.com/photos/top-5-marathi-tv-serials-wk-29-259160|access-date=2022-04-11|website=[[ABP Majha]]|date=28 July 2016 |language=mr}}</ref>
|-
|Week 34
|2016
|2.6
|1
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=या आठवड्यातील टॉप ५ मराठी मालिका|url=https://marathi.abplive.com/photos/top-5-marathi-tv-serials-wk-34-278499|access-date=2022-04-11|website=[[ABP Majha]]|date=September 2016 |language=mr}}</ref>
|}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|tt9855704}}
* [https://www.zee5.com/tvshows/details/pasant-ahe-mulgi/0-6-215 ''Pasant Aahe Mulgi''] at [[ZEE5]]

[[Category:Marathi-language television shows]]
[[Category:Zee Marathi original programming]]
[[Category:2016 Indian television series debuts]]
[[Category:2016 Indian television series endings]]

List of populated places in Imphal East district

2025-06-28T02:43:56Z

Vikiknl: creating some place w/ sources

{{short description|Villages in Imphal East district of Manipur, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2025}}

The [[Imphal East district]] of [[Manipur]] state in India is divided into 3 subdivisions.<ref name="pop_places">{{cite web |title=Census Towns/ Wards/ Villages |publisher=District Administration Imphal East |url=https://imphaleast.nic.in/census-towns-wards-villages/ |access-date=2023-01-03}}</ref> At the time of the [[2011 Census of India]], the [[Jiribam district]] (split in 2016) was a part of the Imphal East district.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/manipur-violence-new-districts-okram-ibobi-united-naga-council-4436039/ |title=Simply put: Seven new districts that set Manipur ablaze |author=Esha Roy |date=2016-12-06 |access-date=2022-12-22 |newspaper=Indian Express}}</ref><ref name="census_2011">{{cite web |title=Primary census abstract at town, village and ward level, Manipur - District Imphal East - 2011 |work=[[2011 Census of India]] |publisher=Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/6469 |access-date=2023-01-06}}</ref>

== Subdivisions ==

The district has 3 subdivisions:<ref name="pop_places"/><ref name="census_2011"/>

{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Name
! Population
! [[Effective literacy rate]]
! Sex ratio
! [[Scheduled caste|SC]] population %
! [[Scheduled tribe|ST]] population %
! Census code (2011)
|-
| [[Sawombung]]
| 86162
| 78.52%
| 1007
| 0.27%
| 4.49%
| 01884
|-
| [[Porompat]]
| 244089
| 87.48%
| 1037
| 0.13%
| 7.08%
| 01885
|-
| [[Keirao Bitra]]
| 82024
| 72.1%
| 1011
| 9.59%
| 1.24%
| 01886
|}

== Towns ==

The district has following towns:<ref name="pop_places"/><ref name="census_2011"/>

{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Name
! Type
! Block
! Population
! Effective literacy rate
! Sex ratio
! SC population %
! ST population %
! Census code (2011)
|-
| [[Lamlai]]
| [[Nagar Panchayat]]
| Sawombung
| 4601
| 83.98%
| 961
| 0.0%
| 0.0%
| 801494
|-
| [[Imphal]] (minor part)
| [[Municipal Council#India|Municipal Council]] + [[Out growth]]
| Porompat
| 81705
| 88.67%
| 1062
| 0.24%
| 15.8%
| 801487
|-
| [[Porompat]]
| [[Census town#India|Census Town]]
| Porompat
| 6191
| 88.81%
| 1081
| 0.1%
| 0.27%
| 270312
|-
| [[Torban (Khetri Leikai)]] / Kshetri Leikai
| [[Census town#India|Census Town]]
| Porompat
| 5459
| 91.32%
| 1076
| 0.05%
| 0.2%
| 270313
|-
| [[Khongman]]
| [[Census town#India|Census Town]]
| Porompat
| 6096
| 91.76%
| 1092
| 0.0%
| 0.0%
| 270314
|-
| [[Luwangsangbam]]
| [[Census town#India|Census Town]]
| Porompat
| 3458
| 90.46%
| 1063
| 0.12%
| 11.34%
| 270315
|-
| [[Heingang]]
| [[Census town#India|Census Town]]
| Porompat
| 6115
| 84.93%
| 1010
| 0.0%
| 0.0%
| 270316
|-
| [[Lairikyengbam Leikai]]
| [[Census town#India|Census Town]]
| Porompat
| 4586
| 91.22%
| 1096
| 0.0%
| 0.13%
| 270317
|-
| [[Laipham Siphai]]
| [[Census town#India|Census Town]]
| Porompat
| 5268
| 93.07%
| 1034
| 0.0%
| 39.83%
| 270318
|-
| [[Khurai Sajor Leikai]]
| [[Census town#India|Census Town]]
| Porompat
| 7987
| 91.08%
| 1079
| 0.0%
| 0.14%
| 270319
|-
| [[Chingangbam Leikai]]
| [[Census town#India|Census Town]]
| Porompat
| 4904
| 88.89%
| 1062
| 0.0%
| 0.0%
| 270320
|-
| [[Kshetrigao]]
| [[Census town#India|Census Town]]
| Porompat
| 10534
| 78.24%
| 1071
| 0.0%
| 0.0%
| 270321
|-
| [[Thongju]]
| [[Census town#India|Census Town]]
| Porompat
| 10836
| 89.04%
| 1057
| 0.0%
| 0.0%
| 270322
|-
| [[Kiyamgei]]
| [[Census town#India|Census Town]]
| Porompat
| 5336
| 82.84%
| 1030
| 0.0%
| 0.0%
| 270323
|-
| [[Lilong (Thoubal)]]
| [[Nagar Panchayat]]
| Keirao Bitra
| 2012
| 88.79%
| 1006
| 0.0%
| 0.0%
| 801476
|-
| [[Andro, Imphal East|Andro]]
| [[Nagar Panchayat]]
| Keirao Bitra
| 8744
| 64.42%
| 1030
| 87.28%
| 0.62%
| 801495
|}

== Villages ==

The district has following villages:<ref name="pop_places"/><ref name="census_2011"/>

=== Sawombung subdivision ===

{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Name
! Population
! Effective literacy rate
! Sex ratio
! SC population %
! ST population %
! Census code (2011)
|-
| [[Khongjil Khongjal]]
| 161
| 72.06%
| 940
| 0.0%
| 0.0%
| 270204
|-
| [[Matakhong]]
| 530
| 55.06%
| 956
| 0.0%
| 0.0%
| 270205
|-
| [[Makeng Chonglou]]
| 520
| 73.11%
| 1114
| 0.0%
| 1.73%
| 270206
|-
| [[Makeng Nunglou]]
| 400
| 68.01%
| 932
| 0.0%
| 0.0%
| 270207
|-
| [[Makeng]]
| 281
| 62.55%
| 1036
| 9.61%
| 0.0%
| 270208
|-
| [[Thangal Surung]]
| 663
| 58.54%
| 922
| 0.0%
| 8.6%
| 270209
|-
| [[Nurathel]]
| 102
| 85.42%
| 925
| 0.0%
| 100.0%
| 270210
|-
| [[Sadu Koireng]]
| 456
| 46.95%
| 991
| 0.0%
| 2.85%
| 270211
|-
| [[Purum Khunou]]
| 182
| 56.38%
| 1141
| 0.0%
| 0.0%
| 270212
|-
| [[Sadu Longa Koireng]]
| 331
| 62.77%
| 1056
| 0.0%
| 29.91%
| 270213
|-
| [[Purum Likli]] (Leitanpokpi)
| 1025
| 69.79%
| 1050
| 15.12%
| 0.1%
| 270214
|-
| [[Pukhao Naharup]]
| 1479
| 69.76%
| 977
| 0.0%
| 0.07%
| 270215
|-
| [[Pukhao Ahallup]]
| 463
| 82.29%
| 929
| 0.0%
| 0.0%
| 270216
|-
| [[Pukhao Khabam]]
| 593
| 81.27%
| 957
| 0.0%
| 0.0%
| 270217
|-
| [[Pukhao Laipham]]
| 618
| 84.42%
| 974
| 0.0%
| 0.0%
| 270218
|-
| [[Sagolmang]]
| 967
| 83.37%
| 752
| 0.0%
| 1.34%
| 270219
|-
| [[Khewa Company]]
| 666
| 71.28%
| 1024
| 0.0%
| 0.0%
| 270220
|-
| [[Yumnam Patlou]]
| 839
| 81.4%
| 885
| 0.0%
| 0.0%
| 270221
|-
| [[Uyumpok]]
| 2899
| 76.14%
| 973
| 0.0%
| 0.24%
| 270222
|-
| [[Khongbal Tangkhul]]
| 415
| 88.95%
| 986
| 0.0%
| 94.22%
| 270223
|-
| [[Lamboikhul]]
| 634
| 82.55%
| 1058
| 0.0%
| 0.0%
| 270224
|-
| [[Taretkhul]]
| 511
| 42.44%
| 1086
| 0.0%
| 0.2%
| 270225
|-
| [[Keibi Khullen]]
| 1331
| 85.5%
| 1032
| 1.58%
| 0.0%
| 270226
|-
| [[Keibi Kumuda]]
| 1867
| 86.42%
| 1027
| 0.0%
| 7.18%
| 270227
|-
| [[Keibi Leishangkhong]]
| 630
| 81.17%
| 975
| 0.0%
| 0.0%
| 270228
|-
| [[Keibi Heikak Mapal]]
| 859
| 66.99%
| 851
| 0.0%
| 5.59%
| 270229
|-
| [[Sinam, Manipur|Sinam]]
| 1015
| 74.18%
| 979
| 0.0%
| 25.62%
| 270230
|-
| [[Yumnam Khunou]]
| 1870
| 83.88%
| 1022
| 0.0%
| 0.05%
| 270231
|-
| [[Waiton]]
| 2704
| 79.3%
| 1006
| 0.0%
| 0.0%
| 270232
|-
| [[Sambei]]
| 651
| 80.46%
| 1015
| 0.0%
| 0.0%
| 270233
|-
| [[Chingkhu]]
| 642
| 82.11%
| 963
| 0.0%
| 0.0%
| 270234
|-
| [[Khundrakpam]]
| 4689
| 86.56%
| 1115
| 0.15%
| 1.96%
| 270235
|-
| [[Tangkham]]
| 1235
| 89.42%
| 1011
| 0.0%
| 0.0%
| 270236
|-
| [[Haraorou]]
| 1207
| 89.0%
| 1022
| 0.0%
| 0.0%
| 270237
|-
| [[Ngairangbam]]
| 305
| 53.68%
| 1163
| 0.0%
| 0.0%
| 270238
|-
| [[Morok Ingkhol]]
| 123
| 50.94%
| 732
| 0.0%
| 0.0%
| 270239
|-
| [[Sarouthel]]
| 132
| 72.07%
| 970
| 0.0%
| 0.0%
| 270240
|-
| [[Taorem]]
| 72
| 84.13%
| 846
| 0.0%
| 0.0%
| 270241
|-
| [[Pangei]]
| 2112
| 88.41%
| 968
| 0.0%
| 0.0%
| 270242
|-
| [[Thangjam Khunou]]
| 737
| 68.72%
| 1036
| 0.0%
| 0.0%
| 270243
|-
| [[Sekta]]
| 2934
| 77.39%
| 1007
| 0.24%
| 0.17%
| 270244
|-
| [[Pungdongbam]]
| 2539
| 84.83%
| 1059
| 0.0%
| 0.0%
| 270245
|-
| [[Itam]]
| 1186
| 83.19%
| 967
| 0.0%
| 24.11%
| 270246
|-
| [[Iyampal]]
| 2212
| 81.87%
| 1081
| 0.0%
| 20.52%
| 270247
|-
| [[Kangla Siphai]]
| 859
| 82.41%
| 1012
| 0.0%
| 0.0%
| 270248
|-
| [[Pourabi]]
| 1596
| 84.01%
| 1015
| 0.56%
| 0.0%
| 270249
|-
| [[Nungoi]]
| 2452
| 83.9%
| 1007
| 0.0%
| 4.98%
| 270250
|-
| [[Khabeisoi]]
| 3589
| 50.55%
| 1031
| 0.0%
| 1.25%
| 270251
|-
| [[Angom Lawai]]
| 1168
| 90.0%
| 1024
| 0.0%
| 0.0%
| 270252
|-
| [[Sangomsang]]
| 1701
| 91.06%
| 1027
| 0.0%
| 14.87%
| 270253
|-
| [[Phaknung]]
| 1305
| 87.21%
| 1030
| 0.0%
| 0.0%
| 270254
|-
| [[Chonthaba]]
| 1041
| 88.32%
| 979
| 0.0%
| 0.0%
| 270255
|-
| [[Sajeb]]
| 2049
| 88.42%
| 1025
| 0.0%
| 0.1%
| 270256
|-
| [[Sanjenbam]]
| 896
| 87.6%
| 1018
| 0.0%
| 0.0%
| 270257
|-
| [[Sangsabi]]
| 1178
| 76.45%
| 970
| 0.0%
| 0.0%
| 270258
|-
| [[Salakhul]]
| 41
| 85.37%
| 1050
| 0.0%
| 0.0%
| 270259
|-
| [[Takhel]]
| 1358
| 76.57%
| 997
| 0.0%
| 0.0%
| 270260
|-
| [[Kharasom, Imphal East|Kharasom]]
| 1537
| 67.15%
| 958
| 0.0%
| 0.0%
| 270261
|-
| [[Kangba Chingjil]]
| 668
| 87.65%
| 1037
| 0.0%
| 0.0%
| 270262
|-
| [[Kameng, Manipur|Kameng]]
| 1673
| 78.68%
| 1089
| 0.0%
| 0.0%
| 270263
|-
| [[Tellou]]
| 3328
| 84.12%
| 981
| 0.0%
| 12.89%
| 270264
|-
| [[Laikot]]
| 3765
| 77.24%
| 1017
| 0.11%
| 6.0%
| 270265
|-
| [[Nongren]]
| 1759
| 74.82%
| 1050
| 0.0%
| 0.0%
| 270266
|-
| [[Kakching, Imphal East|Kakching]]
| 742
| 86.23%
| 1038
| 0.0%
| 0.0%
| 270267
|-
| [[Nongdam]]
| 850
| 70.44%
| 1024
| 0.0%
| 0.12%
| 270268
|-
| [[Oksu]]
| 871
| 66.57%
| 940
| 0.0%
| 0.34%
| 270269
|-
| [[Heirok, Imphal East|Heirok]]
| 1348
| 44.51%
| 991
| 0.0%
| 60.46%
| 270270
|}

=== Porompat subdivision ===

{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Name
! Population
! Effective literacy rate
! Sex ratio
! SC population %
! ST population %
! Census code (2011)
|-
| [[Kabo Siphai]]
| 1668
| 85.98%
| 998
| 0.0%
| 2.64%
| 270271
|-
| [[Nilakuthi]]
| 1357
| 88.67%
| 941
| 0.0%
| 1.18%
| 270272
|-
| [[Koirengei]]
| 1448
| 95.78%
| 302
| 6.98%
| 3.94%
| 270273
|-
| [[Maibakhul]]
| 687
| 82.83%
| 1082
| 0.0%
| 0.0%
| 270274
|-
| [[Mongjam]]
| 665
| 86.03%
| 1072
| 0.0%
| 0.0%
| 270275
|-
| [[Achanbigei]]
| 3123
| 85.44%
| 1002
| 0.0%
| 1.31%
| 270276
|-
| [[Matai, Manipur|Matai]]
| 1140
| 80.56%
| 1004
| 0.0%
| 0.0%
| 270278
|-
| [[Kontha Khabam]]
| 3483
| 87.38%
| 990
| 0.0%
| 0.14%
| 270279
|-
| [[Kairang Meitei]]
| 1250
| 91.67%
| 1039
| 0.0%
| 0.0%
| 270280
|-
| [[Khomidok]]
| 4116
| 65.59%
| 1013
| 0.0%
| 0.0%
| 270281
|-
| [[Khurai Konsam Leikai]]
| 4162
| 89.6%
| 1068
| 0.0%
| 0.0%
| 270282
|-
| [[Kairang Muslim]]
| 3593
| 65.76%
| 1004
| 0.0%
| 0.0%
| 270283
|-
| [[Kontha Ahallup]]
| 2183
| 88.7%
| 1071
| 0.0%
| 0.0%
| 270284
|-
| [[Lamlongei]]
| 4100
| 89.81%
| 625
| 0.0%
| 20.32%
| 270285
|-
| [[Thangjam Leikai, Manipur|Thangjam Leikai]]
| 1291
| 92.98%
| 1011
| 0.0%
| 0.0%
| 270286
|-
| [[Laishram Leikai]]
| 1851
| 89.03%
| 1027
| 0.0%
| 0.0%
| 270287
|-
| [[Moirang Kampu]]
| 1333
| 90.77%
| 1073
| 0.0%
| 0.0%
| 270288
|-
| [[Top Dusara (West)]]
| 1942
| 90.5%
| 1097
| 0.0%
| 0.05%
| 270289
|-
| [[Top Dusara (East)]]
| 2597
| 82.14%
| 1010
| 0.0%
| 0.0%
| 270290
|-
| [[Ningthoubung]]
| 2038
| 87.31%
| 1010
| 0.0%
| 0.0%
| 270292
|-
| [[Kongkham Leikai]] (part)
| 1762
| 91.4%
| 1075
| 0.23%
| 0.06%
| 270293
|-
| [[Khaidem Leikai]]
| 2724
| 89.1%
| 1033
| 0.0%
| 0.0%
| 270294
|-
| [[Khurai Khongnangkhong]]
| 2028
| 91.86%
| 1082
| 0.0%
| 0.0%
| 270295
|-
| [[Kshetri Bengoon]]
| 3843
| 76.4%
| 1014
| 0.0%
| 0.0%
| 270296
|-
| [[Wakha]]
| 595
| 50.93%
| 938
| 0.0%
| 0.0%
| 270297
|-
| [[Makhapat]]
| 891
| 89.85%
| 852
| 0.0%
| 0.0%
| 270298
|-
| [[Naharup]]
| 1962
| 85.59%
| 1040
| 0.0%
| 0.0%
| 270299
|-
| [[Top Naoria]]
| 4385
| 89.95%
| 1033
| 0.0%
| 0.0%
| 270300
|-
| [[Kongba Nongthombam Leikai]]
| 2167
| 89.72%
| 1100
| 0.0%
| 0.05%
| 270301
|-
| [[Gangapat]]
| 1476
| 92.26%
| 1088
| 0.0%
| 0.0%
| 270302
|-
| [[Keikhu Hao]]
| 588
| 75.51%
| 1100
| 0.0%
| 99.32%
| 270303
|-
| [[Thangbrijao]]
| 1454
| 77.29%
| 1048
| 0.0%
| 0.0%
| 270304
|-
| [[Uchkeckon]]
| 3751
| 90.64%
| 1068
| 0.0%
| 0.03%
| 270305
|-
| [[Nandeibam Leikai]]
| 3375
| 90.92%
| 1043
| 0.0%
| 0.0%
| 270306
|-
| [[Wangkhei Loumanbi]]
| 2067
| 88.9%
| 986
| 0.0%
| 0.05%
| 270307
|-
| [[Kitna Panung]]
| 2546
| 87.06%
| 1040
| 0.0%
| 0.08%
| 270308
|-
| [[Basihkhong]]
| 3042
| 91.41%
| 1095
| 0.0%
| 0.0%
| 270309
|-
| [[Loumanbi]]
| 161
| 86.92%
| 1091
| 0.0%
| 0.0%
| 270310
|-
| [[Lilong Hao]]
| 738
| 90.87%
| 968
| 0.0%
| 0.0%
| 270311
|}

The following villages with 0 population were included in the 2011 census directory, but is no longer listed on the district website:<ref name="pop_places"/><ref name="census_2011"/>

* Asei Loklen (census code 270277)
* Laingampat (census code 270291)

=== Keirao Bitra subdivision ===

{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Name
! Population
! Effective literacy rate
! Sex ratio
! SC population %
! ST population %
! Census code (2011)
|-
| [[Uchekon Khunou]]
| 1573
| 91.29%
| 1072
| 0.0%
| 0.0%
| 270326
|-
| [[Takhok Awang]]
| 1288
| 86.33%
| 1032
| 0.0%
| 0.0%
| 270327
|-
| [[Takhok Makha]]
| 601
| 75.05%
| 939
| 0.0%
| 0.0%
| 270328
|-
| [[Bamon Kampu]]
| 2788
| 88.04%
| 1022
| 0.0%
| 0.0%
| 270329
|-
| [[Machahal]]
| 463
| 79.31%
| 1040
| 0.0%
| 0.0%
| 270330
|-
| [[Kalika, Manipur|Kalika]]
| 284
| 85.71%
| 832
| 0.0%
| 0.0%
| 270331
|-
| [[Keirao Makting]]
| 5319
| 62.61%
| 1005
| 0.0%
| 0.0%
| 270333
|-
| [[Urup, Manipur|Urup]]
| 4990
| 69.04%
| 1005
| 0.0%
| 0.0%
| 270334
|-
| [[Arapti]]
| 1495
| 72.74%
| 1076
| 0.0%
| 0.0%
| 270335
|-
| [[Kiyamgei Muslim]]
| 2614
| 76.35%
| 1031
| 0.0%
| 0.0%
| 270336
|-
| [[Keirao-Bitra]]
| 2470
| 83.02%
| 1046
| 0.0%
| 2.51%
| 270337
|-
| [[Keirao-Langdum]]
| 2275
| 81.38%
| 1074
| 0.0%
| 0.04%
| 270338
|-
| [[Langthrei Loukon]]
| 153
| 78.99%
| 1013
| 0.0%
| 31.37%
| 270339
|-
| [[Khanarok]]
| 570
| 76.51%
| 1050
| 0.0%
| 0.0%
| 270340
|-
| [[Keirao-Wangkhem]]
| 1071
| 82.79%
| 987
| 0.0%
| 0.93%
| 270341
|-
| [[Thiyam-Konjil]]
| 2077
| 75.3%
| 986
| 0.0%
| 0.0%
| 270342
|-
| [[Chanam Sandrok]]
| 1597
| 77.71%
| 957
| 0.0%
| 0.25%
| 270343
|-
| [[Waithou Chiru]]
| 554
| 61.57%
| 930
| 0.0%
| 99.64%
| 270344
|-
| [[Huikap]]
| 3383
| 73.29%
| 981
| 0.0%
| 0.21%
| 270345
|-
| [[Karpur Shungba]]
| 144
| 85.5%
| 1057
| 0.0%
| 100.0%
| 270346
|-
| [[Angtha]]
| 2913
| 76.76%
| 958
| 0.0%
| 0.0%
| 270347
|-
| [[Lemba Khul]]
| 22
| 85.0%
| 692
| 0.0%
| 0.0%
| 270348
|-
| [[Tulihal]]
| 5594
| 64.24%
| 1026
| 0.0%
| 0.0%
| 270349
|-
| [[Kaina (Manipur)|Kaina]]
| 154
| 74.81%
| 1333
| 0.0%
| 0.0%
| 270350
|-
| [[Poiroukhongjil]]
| 3089
| 79.64%
| 1028
| 0.0%
| 0.03%
| 270351
|-
| [[Top-Chingtha]]
| 4985
| 70.77%
| 1031
| 0.0%
| 0.02%
| 270352
|-
| [[Yambem]]
| 5705
| 70.1%
| 972
| 0.0%
| 0.0%
| 270353
|-
| [[Nungkot]]
| 115
| 78.79%
| 1130
| 0.0%
| 100.0%
| 270354
|-
| [[Kamu Yaithibi]]
| 70
| 74.58%
| 1333
| 94.29%
| 0.0%
| 270355
|-
| [[Andro, Imphal East|Andro]] (part)
| 1014
| 48.09%
| 1004
| 16.86%
| 0.59%
| 270356
|-
| [[Changamdabi]]
| 6419
| 66.27%
| 1008
| 0.0%
| 0.0%
| 270357
|-
| [[Moirang Purel]]
| 2572
| 70.78%
| 982
| 0.0%
| 0.08%
| 270358
|-
| [[Itham, Imphal East|Itham]]
| 769
| 47.83%
| 982
| 0.0%
| 0.0%
| 270359
|-
| [[Monthou]]
| 306
| 58.17%
| 912
| 0.0%
| 0.0%
| 270360
|-
| [[Nung Brung]]
| 1832
| 78.88%
| 1033
| 0.0%
| 0.71%
| 270361
|}

The following village with 0 population was included in the 2011 census directory, but is no longer listed on the district website: Leitambi (census code 270332).<ref name="pop_places"/><ref name="census_2011"/>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==

* [https://imphaleast.nic.in/revenue_village/ Revenue Villages] (distinct from census villages) of Imphal East district

[[Category:Lists of populated places in Manipur|Imphal East]]

Sulakshana Devi

2025-06-20T23:03:48Z

Vikiknl: Improved article clarity and structure

{{Short description|Indian poet}}
{{Orphan|date=September 2023}}

'''Sulakshana Devi''' (born 1820 or 1829 - 1901) was an Indian poet of [[Odia language]]. After the death of her husband she devoted herself to God and wrote a collection of poems published in a book titled ''Parijatamala''.<ref name=Rout1972>{{cite book |last1=Rout |first1=Savitri |title=Women Pioneers in Oriya Literature |date=1972 |publisher=Motilal Banarsidass Publisher |location=Delhi |edition=2nd|isbn=978-81-208-2546-8 |page=43 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2SCzRH24LnAC&pg=PA43 |language=en |chapter=The modern age}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=H-IbAQAAMAAJ |title=The Journal of Orissan History |date=1995 |publisher=Orissa History Congress |pages=162 |language=en}}</ref><ref name=Mohanty2005>{{cite book |last1=Mohanty |first1=Sachidananda |editor1-last=Mohanty |editor1-first=Sachidananda |title=Early Women's Writings in Orissa, 1898-1950: A Lost Tradition |date=2005 |publisher=SAGE Publications |location=New Delhi |isbn=0-7619-3308-5 |page=16 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WAicQsB1jkgC&pg=PA16 |language=en |chapter=Introduction: Rabati's sisters}}</ref><ref name=Naik2021>{{cite journal |last1=Naik |first1=Raghumani |title=Foremost Women Litterateurs: The Torch Bearers of Freedom Struggle in Odisha |journal=IJCRT |date=9 September 2021 |volume=9 |issue=9 |url=https://ijcrt.org/papers/IJCRT2109346.pdf |issn=2320-2882}}</ref>

==See also==
*[[List of Odia writers]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Devi, Sulakshana}}
[[Category:19th-century Indian women writers]]
[[Category:Women writers from Odisha]]
[[Category:1901 deaths]]
[[Category:Odia-language poets]]
[[Category:Year of birth uncertain]]

{{India-writer-stub}}

Barbar Shah

2025-05-14T22:41:40Z

Vikiknl: New

{{short description|Neighbourhood in Jammu and Kashmir, India}}
{{Orphan|date=March 2024}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2025}}

'''Barbar Shah''', also known as '''Barbarshun''' in the [[Kashmiri language]], is a neighbourhood of [[Srinagar]] in [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]], India.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2017-03-22 |title=Burglars on prowl in Barbar Shah Srinagar |url=https://kashmirlife.net/burglars-prowl-barbar-shah-srinagar-135563/ |access-date=2024-03-26 |website=Kashmir Life |language=en-GB}}</ref> It is situated about 0.5 km from [[Lal Chowk]].

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Jammu and Kashmir}}

{{coord|34|04|39|N|74|48|34|E|type:city_region:IN|display=title}}

[[Category:Cities and towns in Srinagar district]]

{{JammuKashmir-geo-stub}}

Grand Paradi Towers

2025-04-28T09:04:38Z

Vikiknl: new

{{Short description|Haunted building in India}}
{{cleanup AfD|date=April 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2025}}
'''Grand Paradi Towers''' is a building in [[Mumbai]], [[Maharashtra]] which is said to be one of the [[List of reportedly haunted locations in India|most haunted sites in India]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-10-27 |title=20 Haunted Places in India to Avoid If You're a 'Fattu' |url=https://www.indiatimes.com/culture/travel/20-haunted-places-in-india-to-avoid-if-youre-a-fattu-228112.html |access-date=2022-10-06 |website=India Times |language=en-IN}}</ref> and spookiest places in Mumbai.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-06-17 |title=Most popular and SCARIEST haunted places in Mumbai that you must visit this monsoon |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/lifestyle/food-travel/most-popular-and-scariest-haunted-places-mumbai-you-must-visit-monsoon-456277 |access-date=2022-10-06 |website=Pinkvila |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2022-05-31 |title=मुबंई की सबसे डरावनी जगहें! जहां शाम ढलने के बाद परिंदा भी नहीं मारता पर, देखें तस्वीरें |url=https://www.abplive.com/photo-gallery/states/maharashtra-maharashtra-pawanhans-quarters-grand-paradi-towers-tower-of-silence-aarey-milk-colony-scariest-places-in-mumbai-2133133 |access-date=2022-10-06 |website=ABP News |language=hi}}</ref> It is located in [[South Mumbai]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Satpathy |first=Kriti Saraswat |title=India's Most Haunted: Grand Paradi Towers in Mumbai {{!}} India.com |url=https://www.india.com/travel/articles/indias-most-haunted-grand-paradi-towers-in-mumbai-3234025/ |access-date=2022-10-06 |website=Zee News |language=en}}</ref>

== History and structure ==
It was built in 1975 in [[Kemps Corner]] and in that time it was the home of rich people of the city. In that time it was one of the most expensive tower in the city.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web |date=2006-10-29 |title=The jinx of Grand Paradi |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india/the-jinx-of-grand-paradi/story-TVFnEyCZneiOcduZvJ3GeL.html |access-date=2022-10-06 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref> It consist of 28 storeys.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Sinha |first=Chandan |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dnn2AwAAQBAJ&dq=Grand+Paradi+Towers&pg=PA41 |title=Haunted India |date=2014-07-07 |publisher=Juvenile Fiction |language=en}}</ref>

== Suicides and legends ==
From 1998, more than 20 residents have killed themselves by jumping from the building<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-10-30 |title=From Mumbai to Delhi, these are 5 most haunted places in India |url=https://www.gqindia.com/entertainment/content/from-mumbai-to-delhi-5-most-haunted-places-in-india |access-date=2022-10-06 |website=GQ India |language=en-IN}}</ref> even maids and children have committed suicide.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Grand Paradi Towers - Serial Suicides |url=http://www.theparanormalguide.com/1/post/2013/11/grand-paradi-towers-serial-suicides.html |access-date=2022-10-06 |website=The Paranormal Guide |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=यहां है अतृप्त आत्माओं का डेरा, अब तक 20 लोग बन चुके हैं इनका शिकार |url=https://www.bhaskar.com/news/MH-PUN-HMU-know-about-deaths-of-grand-paradi-towers-mumbai-news-hindi-5450071-PHO.html |website=Dainik Bhaskar|date=30 October 2016 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Haunted Places in Mumbai you should not Visit after Sunset |url=https://www.easemytrip.com/travel/haunted-places-in-mumbai-you-should-not-visit-after-sunset.html |access-date=2022-10-06 |website=EaseMyTrip}}</ref> There is a belief that a bad ghost compelled them.<ref>{{Cite web |title=भूलकर भी चले मत जाना इन 5 जगहों पर, राजस्थान के भानगढ़ से भी ज्यादा भूतिया हैं महाराष्ट्र की ये जगहें |url=https://navbharattimes.indiatimes.com/travel/destinations/haunted-places-in-maharashtra/articleshow/93744204.cms |access-date=2022-10-06 |website=Navbharat Times |language=hi}}</ref> The building is said to be [[Jinx|curs]]ed.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-06-07 |title=13 Haunted Places In Mumbai You Don't Want To Visit After The Sun Sets |url=https://www.indiatimes.com/lifestyle/self/13-haunted-places-in-mumbai-you-dont-want-to-visit-after-the-sun-sets-233262.html |access-date=2022-10-06 |website=India Times |language=en-IN}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Kumar |first=Shreya Suresh |title=10 haunted places in Mumbai that will give you sleepless nights! |url=https://www.india.com/travel/articles/10-haunted-places-in-mumbai-that-will-give-you-sleepless-nights-3232854/ |access-date=2022-10-06 |website=Zee News |language=en}}</ref> Some people think that the eighth floor of this tower is unlucky or cursed<ref>{{Cite web |title=Are you brave enough to explore these Mumbai 'haunts' on Friday the 13th? |url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/viral/are-you-brave-enough-to-explore-these-mumbai-haunts-on-friday-the-13th |access-date=2022-10-06 |website=Free Press Journal |language=en}}</ref> as many people including three generations of a family have jumped from that floor.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |last2= |last3= |first3= |title=Mumbai diamond trader, wife, daughter jump to death |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/mumbai-diamond-trader-wife-daughter-jump-to-death/articleshow/1064449.cms |access-date=2022-10-06 |website=The Times of India |date= 29 March 2005|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=The spooky story of these haunted towers in the heart of Mumbai |url=https://sg.style.yahoo.com/spooky-story-haunted-towers-mumbai-grand-paradi-114534110.html |access-date=2022-10-06 |website=Yahoo! News |date=2 August 2021 |language=en-SG}}</ref><ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-10-25 |title=Most haunted places in Mumbai - The Mayanagri |url=https://www.theindianwire.com/places-to-visit/haunted-places-mayanagri-3778/ |access-date=2022-10-06 |website=The Indian Wire |language=en-GB}}</ref> Some people believe that some evil or unseen entity forced them to commit suicide.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sharma |first=Damini |date=2022-08-24 |title=Don't forget to go to these 5 places, these places of Maharashtra are more haunted than Bhangarh in Rajasthan |url=https://www.newsdayexpress.com/lifestyle/dont-forget-to-go-to-these-5-places-these-places-of-maharashtra-are-more-haunted-than-bhangarh-in-rajasthan/ |access-date=2022-10-06 |website=News Day Express |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Gautam |first=Shikha |title=A city that never sleeps―Mumbai's most haunted places |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/travel/destinations/a-city-that-never-sleepsmumbais-most-haunted-places/articleshow/48469214.cms |access-date=2022-10-06 |website=Times of India Travel |language=en}}</ref>

== References ==
<references />

{{coord missing|Maharashtra}}

[[Category:Buildings and structures in Mumbai]]
[[Category:Reportedly haunted locations in India]]

Satish Khanna

2025-04-04T01:18:48Z

Vikiknl: further cleanup page and improved wording

{{Short description|Indian cricketer (born 1928)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2016}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2016}}
{{Infobox cricketer
| name = Satish Khanna
| image =
| country =
| fullname = Satish Kumar Khanna
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1928|11|8|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Lahore]], British India
| death_date =
| death_place =
| batting =
| bowling =
| role =

| club1 =
| year1 =
| clubnumber1 =
| club2 =
| year2 =
| clubnumber2 =

| date = 28 March 2016
| source = http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/player/30601.html Cricinfo
}}
'''Satish Khanna''' (born 8 November 1928) is an Indian former [[cricket]]er. He played [[first-class cricket]] for [[Bengal cricket team|Bengal]] and [[Delhi cricket team|Delhi]].<ref name="Bio">{{Cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/player/30601.html |title=Satish Khanna |accessdate=28 March 2016 |work=ESPN Cricinfo}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[List of Bengal cricketers]]
* [[List of Delhi cricketers]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{cricinfo|ref=ci/content/player/30601.html}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Khanna, Satish}}
[[Category:1928 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian cricketers]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian sportsmen]]
[[Category:Bengal cricketers]]
[[Category:Delhi cricketers]]
[[Category:Cricketers from Lahore]]
{{India-cricket-bio-1920s-stub}}

Hayat Bakshi Mosque

2025-03-05T12:39:29Z

Vikiknl: improved article

#REDIRECT [[Hayat Bakshi Mosque, Hayathnagar]]

{{Redirect category shell|
{{R from move}}
}}

Kewal Singh Pathania

2025-02-28T14:35:25Z

Vikiknl: New a bio

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2024}}

'''Kewal Singh Pathania''' (born 1969)<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Kewal Singh(Indian National Congress(INC)):Constituency- SHAHPUR(KANGRA) - Affidavit Information of Candidate |url=https://myneta.info/himachalpradesh2022/candidate.php?candidate_id=111 |access-date=2024-12-06 |website=myneta.info}}</ref> is an Indian politician from [[Himachal Pradesh]]. He is an MLA from [[Shahpur, Himachal Pradesh Assembly constituency|Shahpur Assembly constituency]] in [[Kangra district]]. He won the [[2022 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]] representing the [[Indian National Congress]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Live |first=A. B. P. |date=2022-12-08 |title=Shahpur Election 2022 Final Results LIVE: INC Candidate KEWAL SINGH wins from Shahpur , Details Inside |url=https://news.abplive.com/elections/shahpur-election-result-2022-live-updates-constituency-vote-counting-result-winner-loser-tally-bjp-congress-aap-himachal-pradesh-assembly-election-result-news-1568174 |access-date=2024-12-06 |website=news.abplive.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-12-08 |title=शाहपुर से BJP उम्मीदवार सरवीन चौधरी की हार, कांग्रेस के केवल सिंह से था मुकाबला |url=https://www.jansatta.com/rajya/shahpur-himachal-pradesh-assembly-election-result-2022-sarveen-chaudhary-bjp-kewal-singh-pathania-congress-election-results/2469450/ |access-date=2024-12-06 |website=Jansatta |language=hi}}</ref>

== Early life and education ==
Pathania is from [[Shahpur, Himachal Pradesh Assembly constituency|Shahpur]], Kangra district, Himachal Pradesh. He is the son of late Karam Singh. He completed his MA in political science in 1994 and LLB in 1998 at [[Himachal Pradesh University]]. His wife is a government employee.<ref name=":0" /> He was a former state hockey player.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Himachal Pradesh Government |url=http://himachalpr.gov.in/OnePressRelease.aspx?Language=1&ID=35165 |access-date=2024-12-06 |website=himachalpr.gov.in}}</ref>

== Career ==
Pathania started his political career in 1987 in [[National Students' Union of India|National Students Union of India]]. He was the college president at Government Post Graduate College, [[Dharamshala]] from 1987 to 1991. He also served the State Congress Committee as an office-bearer.<ref name=":1" />

He won from Shahpur Assembly constituency representing the [[Indian National Congress]] in the 2022 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election. He polled 36,603 votes and defeated his nearest rival, [[Sarveen Choudhary]] of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]], by a margin of 12,243 votes.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2022-12-08 |title=Himachal Pradesh minister Sarveen Chaudhary loses from Shahpur |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/assembly-elections/himachal-pradesh/news/himachal-pradesh-minister-sarveen-chaudhary-loses-from-shahpur/articleshow/96083148.cms |access-date=2024-12-06 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> In July 2024, he became the deputy chief whip of the Congress Party.<ref name=":1" />

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Pathania, Kewal Singh}}
[[Category:1969 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Himachal Pradesh]]
[[Category:Himachal Pradesh MLAs 2022–2027]]
[[Category:People from Kangra district]]
[[Category:Himachal Pradesh University alumni]]

Sirmaur, Madhya Pradesh

2024-11-14T12:52:57Z

Vikiknl: Put up stub.

{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Sirmaur
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Town
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Madhya Pradesh#India3
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Madhya Pradesh, India
| coordinates = {{coord|24.85|N|81.38|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Madhya Pradesh]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Rewa district|Rewa]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 291
| population_total = 10938
| population_as_of = 2001
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi language|Hindi]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = 
| postal_code = 486448<ref name="pincode">{{cite web|url=https://www.pin-code.net/in-taluka/sirmour-pin-code/1743/ |title=Sirmour Pin Code |publisher=pin-code.net |date= |accessdate=7 February 2021}}</ref>
| registration_plate = [[Vehicle registration plates of India|MP]]
| website =
| iso_code = [[ISO 3166-2:IN|IN-MP]]
| footnotes =
}}
'''Sirmaur''' is a town and a [[nagar panchayat]] in [[Rewa district]] in the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[Madhya Pradesh]]. It is about 42 kilometers from Rewa.

==Geography==
Sirmaur is located at {{Coord|24.85|N|81.38|E|}}.<ref>[http://www.fallingrain.com/world/IN/35/Sirmaur.html Falling Rain Genomics, Inc - Sirmaur]</ref> It has an average elevation of 291 [[metre]]s (954 [[foot (length)|feet]]).

The [[Rewa Plateau]] covers the Huzur, Sirmaur, and [[Mauganj]] tehsils of Rewa district. The height decreases from south to north.<ref>{{cite web|url = http://www.rewa.nic.in/Geography.htm| title = Rewa district | work= Geography | first= | last= |publisher = Rewa district administration | accessdate = 2010-07-11 }}</ref>

Significant waterfalls on the Tamsa or Tons and its tributaries, as they come down from the Rewa Plateau, are: [[Chachai Falls]] (127m) on the Bihad River, a tributary of the Tamsa, the [[Keoti Falls]] (98m) on the [[Mahana River]], a tributary of the Tamsa, [[Bahuti Falls|Odda Falls]] (145m) on the Odda River, a tributary of the Belah River, which is itself a tributary of the Tamsa, and [[Purwa Falls]] (70m) on the Tamsa or Tons.<ref>{{cite book|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=T1Y_Ytx9wp4C&q=Physical+Geography:+Hydrosphere+Devdari+Falls&pg=PA154 | title = Physical Geography: Hydrosphere| work= p. 154 | last= K. Bharatdwaj | year = 2006| publisher = Discovery Publishing House| isbn = 9788183561679| accessdate = 2010-07-11 }}</ref>

==Demographics==
{{As of|2001}} India [[census]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20040616075334/http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archivedate=2004-06-16|title= Census of India 2001: Data from the 2001 Census, including cities, villages and towns (Provisional)|accessdate=2008-11-01|publisher= Census Commission of India}}</ref> Sirmaur had a population of 10,938. Males constitute 54% of the population and females 46%. Sirmaur has an average literacy rate of 60%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 70%, and female literacy is 49%. In Sirmaur, 15% of the population is under 6 years of age.

==Transport==

'''By air'''

Nearest airport in [[Prayagraj]], [[Uttar Pradesh]].

'''By bus'''

Bus stand available in the city bus stand Sirmaur.

==See also==
* [[Sirmour (Vidhan Sabha constituency)]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Rewa Division}}

[[Category:Cities and towns in Rewa district]]

{{MadhyaPradesh-geo-stub}}